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From  the  collection  of  the 


z_    m 

Prelinger 

f\ 

v    JJibrary 


San  Francisco,  California 
2006 


THE    DIAL 


c/7  Semi-Monthly  Journal  of 


Literary  Criticism,  Discussion,  and  Information 


Public  Library, 


VOLUME   XXVII. 


JULY  1  TO  DECEMBER  16,  1899 


CHICAGO: 

THE  DIAL  COMPANY,  PUBLISHERS 
1899 


INDEX  TO  VOLUME  XXVII. 


ACCAWMACKE  TO  ApPOMATTOX     ..........     Francis  Wat/land  Shepardson  .  418 

ALASKA,  LATE  BOOKS  OK    ............     Hiram  M.  Stanley     ....  72 

AMERICAN  CITIZEN,  MEMOIRS  OF  AN    ...................  269 

'•AMERICAN  TALKS"  BY  A  LITERARY  VETERAN     ...............  ir.s 

ARNOLD,  MATTHEW,  "  PASSING  "OF      ........     W.  H  .  Johnson      ..... 

ART,  VALUE  OF  HISTORY  OF   ...........     Edward  K.  Hale,  Jr.      .     .     .  421 

AUSTRALIAN  WILDS,  IN       ............     Ira  M.  Price    ......  126 

BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNO,  1899      ...................     432,  500 

BOOKS  OF  THE  FALL  SEASON  OF  1899  ...................  163 

BRITAIN  AND  THE  BOERS    ............     Wallace  Rice    ......  237 

BYRON,  THE  NEW      ..............     Melville  B.  Anderson     .     .     .  420 

CHERBULIEZ,  VICTOR  .........................  39 

CHICAGO  SCHOOLS  ..........................  9 

CIVIL  WAR,  HEART  OF  THE    ...........     Francis  Wayland  Shepardson  .  312 

COLONIAL  ARCHITECTURE,  STUDIES  IN  ........     Dwight  H.  Perkins    ....  97 

COMMERCE,  CONGRESSIONAL  REGULATION  OF  ......     James  Oscar  Pierce  ....  98 

CONFEDERACY,  A  FIGHTER  FOR  THE     ...................  231 

CONSTITUTION,  NATIONAL,  THEORIES  OF  THE      .....     James  Oscar  Pierce  ....  233 

CONTINENTAL  LITERATURE,  A  YEAR  OF    .................  65,  87 

CUBA,  AGAIN  THE  CASE  OF     ...........     Sclim  H.  Peabody     ....  128 

DANTON  AS  MAN  AND  LEADER    ..........     Henry  E.  Bourne  .....  70 

EDUCATIONAL  LITERATURE,  LATE  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  .     .     .     B.  A.  Hinsdale     .....  275 

EGYPT  OF  TO-DAY      ..............     Shailer  Mathews  .          ...  488 

ENGLISH  DRAMA,  HISTORY  OF  THE  .........     Richard  Burton    .....  120 

ENGLISH  GRAMMAR,  AN  ORIGINAL  .........     Edward  A.  Allen  .....  272 

ENGLISH  IN  GERMANY,  STUDY  OF     .........     E.  I.  Antrim    ......  268 

EPIC  QUESTION,  THE  ENDLESS      ..........     Albert  H.  Tolman      ....  94 

ETHICS,  A  QUESTION  OF      .......................  479 

FICTION,  RECENT   ...............     Wm.  Morton  Payne   17,  73,  174,  490 

FISKE'S  DUTCH  AND  QUAKER  COLONIES     .......     B.  A.  Hinsdale     .....  357 

FRENCH  POETRY  AND  ENGLISH    .....................  227 

GAMES,  ORIGIN  OF     ..............     Frederick  Starr     .....  123 

GARDENING,  GENTLE  ART  OF  ...........     Wallace  Rice    ......  16 

GOETHE  IN  STRASSBURG  .............     James  Taft  Hatfield  ....  113 

GREEK  LITERATURE,  RELIGION  IN    .........     Paul  Shorey     ......  170 

HALE,  EDWARD  EVERETT,  COLLECTED  WRITINGS  OF  ...     Richard  Burton    .....  46 

HAWAII,  VARIOUS  ASPECTS  OF      ..........     Charles  A.  Kofoid     ....  489 

HOLIDAY  PUBLICATIONS,  1899      ...................     424,  494 

HUGO  MEMOIRS,  THE     ........................  355 

IBSEN  AND  BJ&RNSON      ....     .........     William  Morton  Payne  .     .     .  314 

IDIOM  AND  IDEAL  ..........................  305 

JAPANESE  EYES,  SEEN  WITH    ...........     Wallace  Rice    ......  172 

LIDDELL,  DEAN,  MEMOIR  OF  ......................  310 

LIFE,  MAKING  THE  MOST  OF  ...........     />.  L.  Maulsby      .....  486 

LITERATURE,  Music,  AND  MORALS   .........     Charles  Leonard  Moore  .     .     .  165 

MCCARTHY'S  RECOLLECTIONS    ......................  42 

MEMORY  FOREVER,  A    ........................  349 

MlLLAIS   AND   THE    PRE-RAPHAELITES      ...................  482 

MISSOURI  COMPROMISE  AND  ITS  REPEAL    .......     F.  H.  Hodder  ......  124 

NATIONAL  POLICY,  OUR      ............     John  J.  Halsey     .....  45 

NATURE-  BOOKS  FOR  SUMMER  OUTINGS  ........     Charles  A.  Kofoid     ....  13 

NINETEENTH  CENTURY,  THREE-QUARTERS  OF  THE  ....     Minna  Angler  ......  359 

OPERA  IN  CHICAGO    .........................  413 

PATRIOTIC  IMPULSE,  THE  NEW    .....................  266 

PEACE,  WAR,  AND  HISTORY     ...........     Wallace  Rice    ......  99 

PLAYS  AND  PLAYERS  OF  A  SEASON  .........     W.  E.  Simonds      .....  11 

POB  COMING  TO  HIS  KINGDOM     ..........     Henry  Austin  ......  307 

POET,  ARTIST-MANUFACTURER,  AND  SOCIALIST    ................  90 

POETRY,  RECENT  BOOKS  OF     ...........     William  Morton  Payne  .     .     .  239 

SPAIN,  WAR  WITH.  AND  AFTER    ..........     Wallace  Rice    ......  363 

STANTON,  EDWIN  M.,  LIFE  OF     ..........     George  W.  Julian      ....  48 

STEVENS,  THADDEUS  ..............     George  W.  Julian      ....  117 


INDEX. 


in. 


STEVENSON'S  LETTERS 416 

THEOLOGICAL  RENAISSANCE  IN  NEW  ENGLAND,  A  MAN  OF  THE     Shatter  Mathews 362 

"  THRONE-MAKERS  "  AND  OTHERS Percy  Favor  Bicknell     .     .     .     122 

TRAVEL,  RECENT  BOOKS  OF Hiram  M.  Stanley     .     .     .  14,  316 

ANNOUNCEMENTS  OF  FALL  BOOKS,  1899 181,  249 

BOOKS  FOR  SUMMER  READING,  A  CLASSIFIED  LIST  OF 25 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 22,  52,  77,  101,  131,  177,  244,  279,  319,  366 

BRIEFER  MENTION 24,  54,  80,  134,  180,  247,  282,  323,  370 

LITERARY  NOTES 25,  55,  80,  103,  135,  193,  248,  283,  324,  371,  437,  503 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS 27,  135,  250,  325,  438 

LISTS  OF  NEW  BOOKS 27,  55,  81,  104,  135,  251,  283,  325,  372,  438,  504 


AUTHORS  AND  TITLES 

PAGE 

Abbot,  W.  J.  Blue  Jackets  of  1898  ....  501 
Abercromby,  John.  Pre-  and  Proto-Historic  Finns  97 
Adams,  Elinor  D.  Little  Miss  Conceit ....  435 
Adams,  J.  C.  Nature  Studies  in  Berkshire  .  .  22 
Adams,  W.  T.  An  Undivided  Union  .  .  .  .433 

Ade,  George.     Fables  in  Slang 370 

JSsop's  Fables,  illus.  by  P.  J.  Billinghurst  .  .  .  437 
Alger,  Horatio,  Jr.  Rupert's  Ambition  .  .  .  434 
Allen,  Grant.  Miss  Cayley's  Adventures  .  .  .  176 
Allen,  Grant.  The  European  Tour  .....  134 
Allen,  Katharine.  Treatment  of  Nature  in  Poetry 

of  the  Roman  Republic 247 

Allen,  Willis  Boyd.  Cleared  for  Action  .  .  .  433 
American  Art  Annual  Supplement  for  1899  .  .  437 
Amicis,  E.  de.  Cuore,  trans,  by  G.  Mantellini  .  135 
Andersen's  Fairy  Tales,  illus.  by  Helen  Stratton  .  437 
Annesley,  Charles.  Standard  Operaglass,  15th  ed.  437 

Arnold,  Sir  Edwin.     The  Gulistan 135 

Aston,  W.  G.     Japanese  Literature 23 

Avery,  Harold.  Mobsley's  Mohicans  ....  502 
Bailey,  Alice  W.  Outside  of  Things  ....  436 
Baker,  Louise  R.  Sunbeams  and  Moonbeams  .  435 
Baker,  R.  S.  Boy's  Book  of  Inventions  .  .  .  434 

Baker-Baker,  M.     Animal  Jokes 501 

Baldry,  A.  L.     Sir  John  E.  Millais 485 

Ballard,  Susan.     Fairy  Tales  from  Far  Japan      .  437 

Barbour,  R.  H.     The 'Half  Back 432 

Barnes,  Annie  M.  Ferry  Maid  of  the  Chattahoochee  436 
Barnes,  James.  Drake  and  his  Yeomen  .  .  .  502 
Barnett,  E.  A.  Common  Sense  in  Education  .  .  277 

Barr,  Amelia  E.     Trinity  Bells 499 

Barr,  Robert.  The  Unchanging  East  ....  496 
Barrett,  John.  Admiral  George  Dewey  .  .  .  370 

Barren,  Elwyn.     Manders 248 

Barry,  Etheldred  B.  Little  Tong's  Mission  .  .  436 
Barry,  William.  The  Two  Standards  ....  17 

Baum,  L.  Frank.     Father  Goose 436 

Baylor,  Frances  C.     The  Ladder  of  Fortune  .     .175 

Beesly,  A.  H.     Life  of  Danton 70 

Bell,  Mrs.  Hugh.  Conversational  Openings,  rev.  ed.  503 
Bellamy,  C.  J.  Return  of  the  Fairies  ....  436 

Belloc,  Hilaire.     Dauton 70 

Bennett,  W.  H.     Book  of  Joshua 281 

Benson,  E.  F.     The  Capsina 19 

Benton,  Joel.     In  the  Poe  Circle 367 

Beresford,  Lord  Charles.  The  Break-Up  of  China  131 
Bergengren,  Ralph.  In  Case  of  Need  ....  501 
Besant,  Walter,  and  Palmer,  Prof.  Jerusalem  .  324 
Bigelow,  Capt.  John.  The  Santiago  Campaign  .  364 
Bingham,  Jennie  M.  Seventh  Earl  of  Shaftesbury  248 

Birt,  Archibald.     Castle  Czvargas 176 

Black,  Alexander.     Captain  Kodak 434 


OF  BOOKS  REVIEWED. 

PAGE 

Black,  Alexander.  Modern  Daughters  .  .  .  .427 
Blackman,  W.  F.  Making  of  Hawaii  ....  490 

Blake,  Paul.     Phil  and  I 502 

Blake,  William.  Designs  to  Thornton's  Virgil  .  54 
Blanchard,  Amy  E.  A  Revolutionary  Maid  .  .  433 
Blanchard,  Amy  E.  A  Sweet  Little  Maid  .  .  .  502 

Blanchard,  Amy  E.     Miss  Vanity 436 

Bloch,  I.  S.    The  Future  of  War 244 

Blow,  Susan  E.     Letters  to  a  Mother     ....  277 

Boissier,  Gaston.     Roman  Africa 282 

Booth,  Maud  B.  Sleepy  Time  Stories  ....  435 
Boothby,  Guy.  Pharos,  the  Egyptian  .  .  .  .  19 
Bourdillon,  F.  W.,  Poems  of,  new  edition  .  .  .  371 
Bouvet,  Margaret.  Tales  of  an  Old  Chateau  .  .  437 
Boyer,  C.  C.  Principles  and  Methods  of  Teaching  276 

Bradley,  L.  D.     Our  Indians 436 

Brady,  J.  E.  Tales  of  the  Telegraph  .  .  .  .323 
Brain,  Belle  M.  Transformation  of  Hawaii  .  .  489 
Braine,  Sheila  E.  Princess  of  Hearts  .  .  .  .  501 
Brandes,  Georg.  Ibsen  and  Bjornson  ....  314 
Brandes,  Georg.  Shakespeare,  one- volume  edition  371 
Brenan,  Gerald.  Rambles  in  Dickens-Land  .  .  500 
Bridge,  Norman.  The  Penalties  of  Taste  .  .  .  321 
Britton,  Wiley.  Civil  War  on  the  Border  ...  23 

Brocade  Series,  new  volumes  in 498 

Brocklebank,  W.  E.  Poems  and  Songs  .  .  .  240 
Bronte  Sisters,  Novels  of,  "  Haworth  "  edition  .  371 
Bronte  Sisters,  Novels  of,  "  Thornton  "  edition  80,  503 
Brooks,  Edward.  Story  of  the  JDneid  ....  437 

Brooks,  E.  S.     Historic  Americans 433 

Brooks,  E.  S.     In  Blue  and  White 433 

Brooks,  E.  S.  On  Wood  Cove  Island  ....  435 
Brooks,  E.  S.  Under  the  Tamaracks  ....  435 
Browne,  G.  Waldo.  The  Woodranger  ....  433 
Browne,  G.  Waldo.  Two  American  Boys  in  Hawaii  433 
Browne,  Irving.  Ballads  of  a  Book- Worm  .  .  103 

Bruce,  Miner.     Alaska 73 

Brun,  S.  J.     Tales  of  Languedoc 437 

Buckley,  J.  M.     Christian  Science 371 

Buckley,  J.  M.  Extemporaneous  Oratory  .  .  .  369 
Budge,  E.  A.  W.  Oriental  Wit  and  Wisdom  .  247 

Bullen,  F.  T.     Idylls  of  the  Sea 77 

Bullen,  F.  T.     Log  of  a  Sea- Waif 366 

Burberry,  H.  A.  Orchid  Cultivator's  Guide  .  .  371 
Burgess,  Gelett.  Lively  City  o'  Ligg  .  .  .  .  500 
Burt,  Mary  E.,  and  Cable,  Lucy  L.  Cable  Story  Book  25 
Busch,  W.  Plish  and  Plum,  and  Max  and  Maurice  436 
Butler,  W.  A.  Nothing  to  Wear,  new  edition  .  134 
Butterworth,  Hezekiah.  Story  of  Magellan  .  .  432 
Butterworth,  Hezekiah.  The  Treasure  Ship  .  .  433 

Cable,  G.  W.     Strong  Hearts 76 

Cable,  G.  W.    Grandissimes,  illus.  by  A.  Herter    .  495 


IV. 


INDEX. 


Caghill,    Mrs.   Harry.      Autobiography    of    Mrs. 

Olipbaot 22 

Caine,  O.  V.  In  the  Year  of  Waterloo ....  433 
Campbell,  Lewis.  Religion  in  Greek  Literature  .  170 

Canavan,  M.  J.  Ben  Coraee 502 

Capes,  Bernard.  At  a  Winter's  Fire  ....  76 

Carey,  Roaa  N.  My  Lady  Frivol 43.-, 

Carlyle's  French  Revolution,  Holiday  edition  .  .  427 
Carlyle's  Works,  «•  Centenary  "  edition  .  25,  283,  503 
Carnegie,  David  W.  Spinifex  and  Sand  .  .  .126 
Carpenter,  6.  R.  Elements  of  Rhetoric  .  .  .  437 
Carrington,  Fitzroy.  The  Kings'  Lyrics  .  .  .  498 
"Carroll,  Lewis."  The  Alice  Books,  illus.  by 

Blanche  McManns 437 

Carruth,  W.  H.  Lathers  Deutochen  Schriften  .  370 

Carter,  C.  F.  Katooticut 501 

Cary,  Elisabeth  L.  Browning 496 

Castle,  Egerton.  Young  April 493 

Castlemon,  Harry.  The  White  Beaver  ....  434 
Catherwood,  Mary  H.  Spanish  Peggy  ....  600 
Cawein,  Madison.  Myth  and  Romance  .  .  .  243 

Century  Magazine,  Vol.  LVII 55 

Cbanning,  Grace  E.  Sea  Drift 241 

Child,  F.  S.  AD  Unknown  Patriot 502 

Child,  F.  S.  House  with  Sixty  Closets  ....  435 

Cholmondeley,  Mary.  Red  Pottage 492 

Chopin,  Kate.  The  Awakening 75 

Churchill,  Lady.  Anglo-Saxon  Review,  Vol.  I.  .  102 
Churchill,  Winston.  Richard  Carrel  ....  74 

Clark,  F.  H.  Outlines  of  Civics 369 

Clark,  William  T.  Commercial  Cuba  .  .  .  .  129 

Clement,  Clara  E.  Saints  in  Art 135 

Clougb,  A.  H.,  Poems  of,  Crowell's  editions  .  .  248 
Clow,  F.  R.  Economics  as  a  School  Study  .  .  53 
Colby,  C.  W.  English  History  Sources  ....  24 
Colby,  F.  M.,  and  Peck,  H.  T.  International  Year 

Book,  1898 54 

Coleridge,  Ernest  Hartley.  Poems 240 

Colloquies  of  Edward  Osborne 499 

Colorado  in  Color  and  Song 495 

Colvin,  Sidney.  Letters  of  R.  L.  Stevenson  .  .  416 
Coman,  Katharine,  and  Kendall,  Elizabeth.  History 

of  England 362 

Comparetti,  D.  Traditional  Poetry  of  the  Finns  .  94 
Cook,  Jane  E.  Sculptor  Caught  Napping  .  .  .  501 

Cook,  Joel.  England 427 

Copley  Series 248,  431 

Costello,  F.  H.  On  Fighting  Decks  in  1812  .  .  433 
Cottin,  Paul.  Memoirs  of  Sergeant  Burgoyne  .  134 

Coulter,  John  M.  Plant  Relations 80 

Craft,  Mabel.  Hawaii  Nei 489 

Cragin,  Belle  S.  Our  Insect  Friends  and  Foes  .  79 

Crane,  Stephen.  Active  Service 491 

Crane,  Walter.  The  Sirens  Three 430 

Crawford,  F.  Marion.  Saracinesca,  illus.  by  Orson 

Lowell 494 

Cripps,  W.  J.  Old  English  Plate,  sixth  edition  .  437 

Crockett,  S.  R.  Kit  Kennedy 434 

Crockett,  S.  R.  The  Black  Douglas 19 

Crowninshield,  Mrs.  Schuyler.  Latitude  19°  .  20 
Culin,  Stewart.  Chess  and  Playing  Cards  .  .  .  123 

Culin,  Stewart.  Hawaiian  Games 124 

Cumulative  Book  Index  for  1899 180 

Darling,  Mary  G.  We  Four  Girls 435 

Darrow,  Clarence  S.  A  Persian  Pearl  ....  f>4 

Davidson,  John.  Godfrida 23 

Davis,  O.  K.  Our  Conquests  in  the  Pacific  .  .  364 
Davis,  K.  H.,  Works  of,  "Olive  Leather"  edition  498 


Dawe,  Carlton.     Voyage  of  the  Pulo  Way       .     . 

Decle,  Lionel.     Trooper  3809  ...."... 

Deming,  E.  W.     Indian  Child  Life 

Denio,  Elizabeth.    Nicholas  Poussin 

Dewey,  Byrd  S.     Bruno 

Dexter,  T.  F.  G.,  and  Garlick,  A.  H.  Psychology 
in  the  Schoolroom 

Dickens's  Pickwick  Papers,  India  paper  edition    . 

Dickinson,  Martha  G.     Within  the  Hedge  .     .     . 

Dill,  Samuel.     Roman  Society,  revised  edition     . 

Dinwiddie,  William.     Puerto  Rico 

Dix,  Beulah  M.     Soldier  Rigdale 

Dixon,  Mrs.  Archibald.    The  Missouri  Compromise 

Dobell,  Bertram.     Poems  of  James  Thomson  .     . 

Doubleday,  Russell.     Cattle  Ranch  to  College     . 

Douglas,  Amanda  M.  A  Little  Girl  in  Old  Phil- 
adelphia   

Douglas,  Amanda  M.     The  Heir  of  Sherburne     . 

Dowson,  Ernest,  and  Moore,  Arthur.  Adrian  Rome 

Doyle,  A.  Conan.     A  Duet 

Drake,  S.  A.     Historic  Mansions  and  Highways  . 

Draper,  Andrew  S.     The  Rescue  of  Cuba  . 

Dreyfus'  Letters  to  his  Wife 

Dromgoole,  Will  Allen.    Harum-Scarum  Joe  . 

Drysdale,  William.     Helps  for  Ambitious  Boys  . 

Du  Chaillu,  Paul.     Land  of  the  Long  Night    .     . 

Dudeney,  Mrs.  H.    Maternity  of  Harriott  Wicken 

Dunn,  B.  A.     On  General  Thomas's  Staff  .     .     . 

Dunne,  F.  P.  Mr.  Dooley  in  the  Hearts  of  his 
Countrymen 

Dutton,  S.  T.     Social  Phases  of  Education      .     . 

Earle,  Alice  M.     Child  Life  in  Colonial  Days 

Eaton,  Seymour.     Home  Study  Circle     .     .  324, 

Eggert,  C.  A.    Goethe,  and  Moliere's  Misanthrope 

Eliot,  George.  Middleman:!),  illus.  by  Alice 
Barber  Stephens 248, 

Eliot,  George.    Silas  Marner,  illus.  by  R.  B.  Birch 

Ellis,  E.  S.     Dorsey,  the  Young  Inventor  .     .     . 

Ellis,  E.  S.     Iron  Heart 

Ellis,  E.  S.     The  Young  Goldseekers     .     .     .     . 

Ellis,  E.  S.     Uncrowning  a  King 

Elson,  H.  W.     Side  Lights  on  American  History  . 

Emerson,  R.  W.     Letters  to  a  Friend    .     .     .     . 

Engelhard  t,  A.  P.    Russian  Province  of  the  North 

Everett-Green,  Evelyn.     A  Pair  of  Pickles      .     . 

Faience  editions,  new  volumes 

Farrar,  F.  W.     Westminster  Abbey       .     .    248, 

Farrer,  J.  A.     The  New  Leviathan 

Field,  Caroline  L.     Nannie's  Happy  Childhood    . 

Field,  Lilian  F.  Introduction  to  Study  of  the  Re- 
naissance   

Finley,  Martha.     Elsie  in  the  South 

Fish,  Williston.     Short  Rations 

Fiske,  A.  K.     History  of  the  West  Indies  .     .     . 

Fiske,  John.    Dutch  and  Quaker  Colonies  .     .     . 

FitzGerald's  Rubaiyal,  Vest  Pocket  edition      .     . 

Fling,  F.  M.     Outline  of  Historical  Method    .     . 

Fling,  F.  M.     Studies  in  European  History     .     . 

Foote,  Mary  H.     Little  Fig  Tree  Stories    .     .     . 

Force,  M.  F.,  and  Cox,  J.  D.    Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman 

Ford,  J.  L.     Cupid  and  the  Footlights   .     .     .     . 

Ford,  Mrs.  Gerard.     King  Pippin 

Ford,  P.  L.     Janice  Meredith 

Ford,  P.  L.     Janice  Meredith,  holiday  edition 

Ford,  P.  L.    Writings  of  Jefferson,  Vol.  X.     .     . 

Foas,  C.  D.     Himalayas  to  the  Equator      .     .     . 

Fox,  John,  Jr.     A  Mountain  Europa,  new  edition 

Prater,  Mrt.  C.  F.     Strawberry  Hill       .     .     .     . 


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277 
371 
241 
437 
864 
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124 
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435 

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431 

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248 
IU 


INDEX. 


v. 


PAGE 

Frederic,  Harold.  The  Market- Place  ....  21 
Froebel's  Education  by  Development,  trans,  by 

Josephine  Jarvis 277 

Ganong,  W.  F.  The  Teaching  Botanist  .  .  .283 
Garland,  Hamlin.  Boy  Life  on  the  Prairie  .  .  500 
Garland,  Hamlin.  Trail  of  the  Goldseekers  .  .  72 
Gayley,  C.  M.,  and  Scott,  F.  N.  Methods  and 

Materials  of  Literary  Criticism 319 

Georgian  Period,  The 97 

Gibbs,  George.  Pike  and  Cutlass 501 

Gibson,  C.  D.  Education  of  Mr.  Pipp  ....  425 

Gibson,  C.  D.  Sketches  in  Egypt 317 

Gilbert,  Frances  F.  Annals  of  My  College  Life  .  432 
Glenn,  T.  A.  Some  Colonial  Mansions  .  134,  500 
Going,  Maud.  Field,  Forest,  and  Wayside  Flowers  13 

Gollancz,  I.  Temple  Classics 25,  370 

Golschmann,  Le*on.  A  Siberian  Cub 436 

Gomme,  G.  L.  Prince's  Story  Book  ....  437 

Gore-Booth,  Eva.  Poems 240 

Gorham,  George  C.  Edwin  M.  Stanton  ...  48 
Grahame,  Kenneth.  The  Golden  Age,  illus.  by 

Maxfield  Parrish 503 

Greenough,  D'Ooge,  and  Daniell.  2d  Year  Latin  282 
Grego,  J.  Reminiscences  of  Captain  Gronow  .  321 

Griffis,  W.  E.  America  in  the  East 365 

Griffith,  William.  The  House  of  Dreams  .  .  .243 
Grinnell,  G.  B.  Jack  the  Young  Ranchman  .  .  434 
Gudeman,  Alfred.  Latin  Literature,  Vol.  II.  .  503 
Guerber,  H.  A.  Legends  of  Switzerland  .  .  .  499 

"Gugu."  Mother  Duck's  Children 502 

Guinness,  Lucy  E.  Across  India 15 

Gwynn,  Stephen.  Donegal  and  Antrim  ...  15 
Haggard,  H.  Rider.  A  Farmer's  Year  ....  497 
Hale,  Edward  Everett,  Works  of,  Library  edition  46 
Hale,  Richard  W.  The  Dreyfus  Story  ....  25 

Hall,  Ruth.  Boys  of  Scrooby 433 

Hall,  Tom.  Fun  and  Fighting  of  Rough  Riders  .  364 
Hamblen,  H.  E.  Yarn  of  a  Bucko  Mate  .  .  .  245 
Hamp,  S.  F.  Treasure  of  Mushroom  Rock  .  .  434 
Hanus,-P.  H.  Educational  Aims  and  Values  .  .278 
Hapgood,  Norman.  Abraham  Lincoln  ....  369 
Harland,  Marion.  Literary  Hearthstones  .  .  .429 
Harland,  Marion.  More  Colonial  Homesteads  .  430 

Harpers'  Scientific  Memoirs 323 

Harraden,  Beatrice.  The  Fowler 74 

Harris,  Joel  Chandler.  Plantation  Pageants  .  .  435 
Harrison,  Mrs.  Burton.  The  Carcellini  Emerald  .  76 
Hart,  A.  B.  Source- Book  of  American  History  .  80 
Harte,  Bret.  Stories  in  Light  and  Shadow  .  .  76 
Hartshorne,  Grace.  For  Thee  Alone  ....  431 
Harvard  Studies  in  Classical  Philology,  Vol.  IX.  54 
Hastings,  James.  Dictionary  of  the  Bible,  Vol.  II.  53 
Hawthorne's  Marble  Faun,  "  Roman  "  edition  .  .  428 
Hayward,  Abraham.  Art  of  Dining,  new  edition  324 
H.  B.  and  B.  T.  B.  A  Moral  Alphabet  .  .  .501 
Hearn,  Lafcadio.  Exotics  and  Retrospectives  .  52 
Heilprin,  Angelo.  Alaska  and  the  Klondike  .  .  72 
Hemstreet,  Charles.  Nooks  and  Corners  of  Old 

New  York 430 

Henty,  G.  A.  A  Roving  Commission  ....  432 

Henty,  G.  A.  No  Surrender 432 

Henty,  G.  A.  The  Brahmin's  Treasure  .  .  .  432 

Henty,  G.  A.  Won  by  the  Sword 432 

Heuty,  G.  A.  Yule  Tide  Yarns 432 

Herford,  C.  H.  "  Eversley  "  Shakespeare  180,248 
Herford,  Oliver.  Alphabet  of  Celebrities  . '  .  .  497 
Herford,  Oliver.  Child's  Natural  History  .  .  .  436 
Herrick,  Robert.  Love's  Dilemmas 76 


Herrick,  Robert,  and  Damon,  L.  T.     Composition 

and  Rhetoric 80 

Hewlett,  Maurice.  Pan  and  the  Young  Shepherd  102 
Higginson,  T.  W.  In  Old  Cambridge  ....  282 

Hill,  J.  A.  Stories  of  the  Railroad 323 

Hill,  Robert  T.  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico  .  .  .  .128 
Hillegas,  H.  C.  Oom  Paul's  People  .  .  .  .368 
Hind,  Lewis.  The  Enchanted  Stone  .  .  .  .  19 
Hitchcock,  Mrs.  R.  D.  Two  Women  in  the  Klondike  72 

Hole,  S.  Reynolds.  Our  Gardens 17 

Holmes,  Edmond.  The  Silence  of  Love  .  .  .  240 

Home,  James.  Lady  Louisa  Stuart 133 

Hope,  Anthony.  The  King's  Mirror  ....  493 

Horton,  George.  A  Fair  Brigand 174 

Howard,  Blanche  W.  Dionysius  the  Weaver's 

Heart's  Dearest 492 

Howard,  Gen.  O.  O.  Henry  in  the  War  .  .  .433 
Howard,  W.  S.  Old  Father  Gander  .  .  .  .502 
Howe,  M.  A.  De Wolfe.  Beacon  Biographies  .  .  239 
Howe,  R.  H.,  Jr.  On  the  Birds'  Highway  .  .  14 

Howells,  W.  D.  Ragged  Lady 20 

Howells,  W.  D.  Their  Silver  Wedding  Journey  495 
Hoyt,  Deristhe  L.  Barbara's  Heritage  ....  435 
Hubbard,  Elbert.  Little  Journeys  to  the  Homes 

of  Celebrated  Painters 499 

Hughes,  Rupert.  The  Dozen  from  Lakerim  .  .  432 
Hughes,  Sarah  F.  John  Murray  Forbes  .  .  .  269 

Hugo,  Victor,  Memoirs  of 355 

Humphrey,  Maud.  Gallant  Little  Patriots  .  .  436 

Humphrey,  Maud.  The  Golf  Girl 499 

Hunt,  Theodore  W.  English  Meditative  Lyrics  .  180 
Hunt,  Violet.  The  Human  Interest  ....  493 

Huret,  Jules.  Sarah  Bernhardt 280 

Kuril,  Estelle  M.  Raphael 500 

Hyde,  Douglas.  Literary  History  of  Ireland  .  101 
Irving's  Rip  Van  Winkle  and  Legend  of  Sleepy 

Hollow,  Holiday  editions 427 

Jacks,  W.  T.  Life  of  Prince  Bismarck  .  .  .  180 
Jackson,  F.  G.  Thousand  Days  in  the  Arctic  .  14 
Jacobs,  Joseph.  Tales  from  Boccaccio  ....  496 

James,  Henry.  The  Awkward  Age 21 

James,  Wm.  Talks  to  Teachers  on  Psychology  .  276 
Jekyll,  Gertrude.  Wood  and  Garden  ....  16 

Jennings,  N.  A.  A  Texas  Ranger 101 

Jewett,  Sarah  O.  Betty  Leicester's  Christmas  .  435 
Johnson,  Annie  F.  Two  Little  Knights  of  Kentucky  436 
Johnson,  Clifton.  Among  English  Hedgerows  .  427 
Johnson,  Jesse.  Testimony  of  the  Sonnets  .  .  366 
Johnson,  Rossiter.  The  Hero  of  Manila  .  .  .  433 
Johnson,  William.  Tom  Graham,  V.C.  .  .  .434 

Johnson,  W.  H.  King  or  Knave 174 

Johnston,  Sir  H.  H.  Colonization  of  Africa  .  .  279 
Johnston,  William  A.  History  up  to  Date  .  .  100 
Jones,  Augustine.  Life  of  Thomas  Dudley  .  .  245 
Jordan,  D.  S.  Book  of  Knight  and  Barbara  .  .  501 

Jordan,  D.  S.  Imperial  Democracy 45 

Karageorgevitch,  Prince.  Enchanted  India  .  .  318 

Keats  and  Shelley,  Poems  by 499 

Keats,  Works  and  Letters  of,  "  Cambridge"  ed.  .  481 
Keeler,  Charles  and  Louise.  A  Season's  Sowing  .  500 

Keightley,  S.  R.  The  Silver  Cross 19 

Kemble's  Sketch  Book 498 

Kennedy,  Wardlaw.  Beasts 502 

Kingsley,  Rose  G.  History  of  French  Art  .  .  133 
Kipling,  Rudyard.  From  Sea  to  Sea  ....  16 
Kipling,  Rudyard.  Single  Story  Series  .  .  .  283 

Kipling,  Rudyard.  Stalky  &  Co 432 

Kipling,  R.  Brushwood  Boy,  illus.  by  Orson  Lowell  499 


VI. 


INDEX. 


rum 

Kirk,  Klleu  O.  Dorothy  and  her  Friends  .  .  .  435 
Kirk,  K.  C.  Twelve  Month*  in  Klondike  .  .  .  319 

Knackfuss,  H.  Rembrandt 135 

Knaufft,  Ernest.  Drawing  for  Printers  ...  80 
Ladd,  G.  T.  Essays  on  the  Higher  Education  .  276 
La  Fontaine's  Fables,  illus.  by  P.  J.  Billinghurst  .  503 

Lagerliif,  Selma.  Invisible  Links 371 

Lahee,  H.  C.  Famous  Violinists  498 

Lamb,  Charles  and  Mary.  Mrs.  Leicester's  School, 

illus.  by  Winifred  Green 437 

Lamb's  Essays  of  Elia,  illus.  by  C.  E.  Brock  .  .  496 
Lamb's  Tales  from  Shakespeare,  illus.  by  R.  A.  Bell  437 

Land  of  Sunshine,  Vols.  IX.  and  X 25 

Lang,  Andrew.  Red  Book  of  Animal  Stories  .  436 

Lanier,  Sidney.  Bob 498 

Le  Baron,  Grace.  Told  under  the  Cherry  Trees  .  436 

Lecky,  W.  E.  H.  The  Map  of  Life 486 

Lee,  Guy  C.  Principles  of  Public  Speaking  .  .  503 

Le  Feuvre,  Amy.  Roses 435 

Le  Gallienne,  Richard.  Young  Lives  .  .  .  .  18 

Legge,  Arthur  E.  J.  Mutineers 73 

Leonard,  J.  W.  Who 's  Who  in  America  .  .  .101 
Lewes,  G.  H.  Robespierre,  new  edition  ...  25 
Lewis,  E.  H.  First  Manual  of  Composition  .  .  437 
Lillie,  Lucy  C.  Margaret  Thorp's  Trial  .  .  .  435 
Little  Folks'  Illustrated  Annual,  1899  ....  502 
Little,  Mrs.  Archibald.  Intimate  China  .  .  .  318 
Little,  W.  J.  Knojc.  Sketches  in  South  Africa  .  237 

Locke,  W.  J.  Idols 18 

Lodge,  H.  C.  The  War  with  Spain 363 

Long,  William  J.  Ways  of  Wood  Folk  .  .  .502 

Loomis,  Chester.  Zodiac  Calendar 500 

Lord,  W.  S.  Best  Short  Poems  of  19th  Century  .  504 
Lounsberry,  Alice.  Guide  to  the  Wild  Flowers  .  13 

Lucas,  Winifred.  Fugitives 241 

Lust,  Adelina  C.  A  Tent  of  Grace 175 

Liitzow,  Count.  Bohemian  Literature  ....  80 

Lynch,  Hannah.  Toledo 282 

Lyte,  E.  Oram.  Advanced  Grammar  ....  272 
Lytteltoo,  Katharine.  Selections  from  Joubert  .  78 
Mabie,  H.  W.  My  Study  Fire,  illus.  by  the  Misses 

Cowles 496 

McCabe,  Joseph,  and  Darien,  Georges.  Can  We 

Disarm? 100 

McCall,  Samuel  W.  Thaddeus  Stevens  .  .  .117 

McCarthy,  Justin.  Reminiscences 42 

MeCrady,  Edward.  South  Carolina  under  Royal 

Government 179 

MacDonagb,  Michael.  Irish  Life  and  Character  54 
MacDonald,  A.  Experimental  Study  of  Children  25 

Macdonald,  Miss  M.  P.  Trefoil 435 

Macdonald,  William.  Select  Charters  ....  503 
MacDougall,  Donald.  Conversion  of  the  Maoris  .  370 
Mackail,  J.  W.  Georgics  of  Virgil,  Mosher's  ed.  498 
Mackail,  J.  W.  Life  of  William  Morris  ...  90 
Mackennal,  Alexander.  Homes  and  Haunts  of  the 

Pilgrim  Fathers 425 

Mackern,  Louie,  and  Boys,  M.  Our  Lady  of  the 

Green 102 

MacManus,  Seumas.  In  Chimney  Corners  .  .  430 
Macpherson,  Hector  C.  Adam  Smith  ....  77 
Madge,  H.  D.  Leaves  from  the  Golden  Legend  323 
Madison,  Lucy  F.  Maid  of  the  First  Century  .  436 
Mahaffy,  J.  P.  Rambles  in  Greece,  Holiday  ed.  428 
Malao,  A.  H.  Famous  Homes  of  Great  Britain  .  425 

Mallock,  W.  H.  Tristram  Lacy 73 

Marchmont,  A.  W.  A  Dash  for  a  Throne  .  .176 
Marholm,  Laura.  Psychology  of  Woman  ...  24 


MM 

Markham,  Edwin.  The  Man  with  the  Hoe  .  .849 
Marshall,  Carrie  L.  Two  Wyoming  Girls  .  .  .  I  :'•''• 

Marshall,  Emma.     Master  Martin 502 

Martin,  B.  E.  and  Charlotte  M.  Stones  of  Paris  l'.'«, 
Mason,  A.  E.  W.  Miranda  of  the  Balcony  .  .408 
Mason,  A.  K.  W.,  and  Lang,  Andrew.  Parson  Kelly  493 
Mathews,  Franklin.  The  New  Born  Cuba  .  .  364 
Matthews,  Brander.  A  Confident  To- Morrow  .  491 
Matthews,  Brander.  Ballads  of  Books,  new  edition  283 
Maupassant's  Boule  de  Suif,  trans,  by  A.  Symons  134 
Maury,  Max.  Lee's  Guide  to  Gay  «  Paree  "  .  .  80 

Mav,  Sophie.     Wee  Lucy's  Secret 435 

Meidrum,  D.  S.  Holland  and  the  Hollanders  .  317 
Mendes,  1 1  Periera.  Looking  Ahead  ....  247 
Menefee,  Maud.  Child  Stories  from  the  Masters  502 

Merriman,  H.  S.    Dross  .     .     .     • 18 

Merwin- Webster.     The  Short  Line  War     .     .     .     .Vj 

Michel,  Emile.     Rubens 424 

Millais,  J.  G.  Life  of  Sir  John  E.  Millais  .  .  482 
Miller,  Olive  Thome.  First  Book  of  Birds  .  .  14 
Mitchell,  D.  G.  Leather-Stocking  to  Poe's  Raven  168 
Mitchell,  S.  Weir.  Hugh  Wynne,  "Continental"ed.  426 

Molesworth,  Mrs.     This  and  That 502 

Money-Coutts,  F.  B.  The  Alhambra  ....  239 
Monkhouse,  Cosmo.  British  Contemporary  Artists  495 
Moore's  Lalla  Rookh,  Holiday  edition  ....  498 
Morgan,  Harriet.  The  Island  Impossible  .  .  .  435 
Morrow,  W.  C.  Bohemian  Paris  of  To-day  .  .  426 
Moscbeles,  Felix.  Fragments  of  Autobiography  .  368 
Moulton,  R.  G.  Literary  Study  of  the  Bible  .  .  369 
Miiller,  Max.  Auld  Lang  Syne,  second  series  .  281 
Munger,  Theodore  L.  Horace  Bushnell  .  .  .  362 

Munroe,  Kirk.     Forward  March 433 

Munroe,  Kirk.     Midshipman  Stuart 433 

Neisb,  Mrs.  R.     A  World  in  a  Garden  .     .     .     .499 

Nesbit,  E.     The  Treasure  Seekers 502 

Xeufeld,  Charles.  Prisoner  of  the  Khaleefa  .  .  317 
Newbolt,  Henry.  Stories  from  Froissart  .  .  .  1  •">-' 
Newell,  Peter.  Pictures  and  Rhymes  ....  501 
Nicholl,  Edith  M.  A  Ranchwoman  in  New  Mexico  54 
Nicholson,  H.  H.,  and  Avery,  Samuel.  Laboratory 

Exercises 283 

Nicholson,  Wm.  Square  Book  of  Animals  .  .  501 
Nirdlinger,  C.  F.  Masques  and  Mummers  .  .  367 
Noble-Ives,  Sarah.  Songs  of  the  Shining  Way  .  501 
Norton,  Charles  L.  The  Queen's  Rangers  .  .  433 
Ogden,  Ruth.  Loyal  Hearts  and  True  ....  501 
Old- Fashioned  Fairy  Tales,  and  Old  French  Fairy 

Tales 436 

Old  South  Leaflets,  bound  volume  (Nos.  76-100)  371 

Old  World  Series,  new  volumes  in 498 

Oman,  C.  W.     England  in  the  19th  Century   .     .  503 

Opper,  F.     Mother  Goose 437 

Osgood,  Mabel  O.     Wabeno  the  Magician  .     .     .  501 

Otis,  James.     Captain  Tom 433 

Otis,  James.  Christmas  at  Deacon  Hackett's  .  436 
Otis,  James.  Off  Santiago  with  Sampson  .  .  .  433 
Otis,  James.  Telegraph  Tom's  Ventures  .  .  .  .~>02 
Otis,  James.  When  Dewey  Came  to  Manila  .  .  433 
Otis,  James.  With  Perry  on  Lake  Erie  .  .  .  502 
Oxenham,  John.  A  Princess  of  Vascovy  .  .  .176 
Oxford  English  Dictionary,  re-issue  in  monthly  parts  248 
Oxley,  J.  Macdonald.  Fife  and  Drum  at  Louisbourg 
Page,  Thomas  N.  Santa  Claus's  Partner  .  .  .  435 

Paine,  A.  B.     In  the  Deep  Woods 501 

Paine,  A.  B.  The  Beacon  Prize  Medals  .  .  .  434 
Palgrave,  Gwenllian  F.  Francis  Turner  Palgrave  240 
Palmer,  Frederick.  In  the  Klondyke  ....  15 


INDEX. 


vn. 


FAGK 

Pancoast,  H.  S.  Standard  English  Poems  .  .  503 

Parker,  W.  Gordon.  Grant  Burton 434 

Parkman,  Francis.  Montcalm  and  Wolfe,  Hoi.  ed.  426 
Parsons,  Frances  T.  How  to  Know  the  Ferns  .  13 

Paterson,  Arthur.  Cromwell's  Own 74 

Patterson,  Virginia  S.  Dickey  Downey  .  .  .  502 
Payne,  E.  J.  History  of  America,  Vol.  II.  .  .  24 
Peixotto,  Ernest  C.  Revolutionary  Calendar  .  .  500 
Pemberton,  Max.  The  Garden  of  Swords  .  .  .176 

Penfield,  F.  C.  Present-Day  Egypt 488 

Pennell,  Joseph  and  Elizabeth.  Two  Pilgrims' 

Progress,  new  edition 371 

Penrose,  Margaret.  The  Burglar's  Daughter  .  502 

Perry,  Bliss.  Little  Masterpieces 248 

Phillips,  J.  Campbell.  Plantation  Sketches  .  .  497 

Phillips,  W.  S.  Just  about  a  Boy 500 

Pier,  Arthur  S.  The  Pedagogues 75 

Pluinmer,  Mary  W.  Contemporary  Spain  .  .  78 
Plympton,  A.  G.  A  Flower  of  the  Wilderness  .  435 
Pollard,  Eliza  F.  A  Daughter  of  France  .  .  .  435 
Pollock,  Sir  Frederick,  and  Maitland,  Mrs.  Fuller. 

The  Etchingham  Letters 281 

Polychrome  Bible,  new  volumes  in 281 

Porter,  Pobert  P.  Industrial  Cuba 129 

Powers,  George  W.  Important  Events  .  .  .  324 
Prentice,  E.  Parmalee,  and  Egan,  J.  G.  The 

Commerce  Clause 98 

"  Pritchard,  Martin  J."  Passion  of  Rosamund 

Keith 20 

Prothero,  R.  E.,  and  Coleridge,  E.  H.  Byron's 

Works 420 

Pyle,  Howard.  The  Price  of  Blood 429 

Rand,  W.  B.  Lilliput  Lyrics,  illus.  by  Charles 

Robinson 437 

Ransome,  Stafford.  Japan  in  Transition  .  .  .172 
Raymond,  Evelyn.  Boys  and  Girls  of  Brantham  432 
Raymond,  Evelyn.  My  Lady  Barefoot  .  .  .  436 
Reade,  Charles.  Peg  Woffington,  illus.  by  Hugh 

Thomson 494 

Re'ce'jac,  M.  Bases  of  the  Mystic  Knowledge  .  79 
Rector,  L.  E.  Montaigne's  Education  of  Children  277 
Reid,  Sir  Wemyss.  Life  of  Gladstone  .  .  .  .103 
Rhodes,  J.  F.  History  of  the  U.  S.,  Vol.  IV.  .  312 

Richards,  Laura  E.  Peggy 435 

Richards,  Laura  E.  Quicksilver  Sue  ....  435 
Riddle,  George.  Modern  Reader  and  Speaker  .  502 
Ripley,  W.  Z.  Bibliography  of  the  Anthropology 

and  Ethnology  of  Europe 54 

Risley,  R.  V.  Men's  Tragedies  ......  76 

Rob  and  Kit 436 

Robertson,  J.  M.  History  of  Free  Thought  .  .  322 
Robinson,  Edith.  A  Little  Daughter  of  Liberty  .  436 
Rogers,  Fairman.  A  Manual  of  Coaching  .  .  .  428 

Rogers,  Robert  C.  For  the  King 242 

Roosevelt,  Theodore.  The  Rough  Riders  .  .  .  363 
Rosebery,  Lord.  Appreciations  and  Addresses  .  178 
Rostand,  Edmond.  La  Princesse  Lointaine  .  .  320 

Rostand,  Edmond.  The  Romancers 320 

"  Rouge  et  Noir."  The  Gambling  World  .  .  .  79 
Rouse,  W.  H.  D.  The  Talking  Thrush  .  .  .437 

Rowan,  Mrs.  Ellis.  Wild  Flowers 428 

Rowe,  S.  H.  Physical  Nature  of  the  Child  .  .  278 

Russell,  T.  Baron.  The  Mandate 175 

Sabatier,  Paul.  Mirror  of  Perfection  ....  503 
Sage,  Agnes  C.  A  Little  Daughter  of  the  Revolution  501 
Saint-Amand,  Imbert  de.  France  and  Italy  .  .  319 
St.  Barbe,  Reginald.  In  Modern  Spain  ...  15 
St.  John,  Henry.  Voyage  of  the  Avenger  .  .  432 


St.  Nicholas  Christmas  Book 437 

Saintsbury,  George.  Matthew  Arnold  ....  279 
Salmon,  David.  The  Art  of  Teaching  ....  276 

Samuels,  E.     Shadows 240 

Sartain,  John,  Recollections  of 359 

Schreiner,  Olive.  The  South  African  Question  .  238 
Scott,  Mary  A.  Elizabethan  Translations  from  the 

Italian 282 

Scott's  Works,  "  Temple  "  edition  .  .  25,  283,  503 
Scudder,  S.  H.  Every-Day  Butterflies  ....  14 
Seawell,  Molly  Elliot.  Gavin  Hamilton  .  .  .  433 
Semon,  Richard.  In  the  Australian  Bush  .  .  .  127 
Sewall,  Alice  Archer.  An  Ode  to  Girlhood  .  .  241 
Shakespeare's  Sonnets,  illus.  by  Henry  Ospovat  .  431 
Shakespeare's  Sonnets,  "  Roycroft  "  editiou  .  .  497 
Shakespeare's  Works,  "  Chiswick  "  edition  .  .  .371 
Shaw,  Albert.  Historic  Towns  of  the  Middle  States  431 
Sherwood,  Margaret.  Henry  Worthington,  Idealist  492 
Shoemaker,  M.  M.  Corners  of  Ancient  Empires  .  318 

Sienkiewicz,  Henry k.     In  Vain 176 

Sigerson,  Dora.     My  Lady's  Slipper 240 

Sill,  Edward  R.     Hermione 244 

Singleton,  Esther.     Great  Pictures  Described  by 

Great  Writers 496 

Skinner,  Henrietta  D.  Espiritu  Santo  ....  20 
Skram,  Amalie.  Professor  Hieronymus  .  .  .177 
Smedley,  W.  T.  Life  and  Character  .  .  .  .426 
Smith,  Gertrude.  Boys  of  Marmiton  Prairie  .  .  434 
Smith,  Gertrude.  Stories  of  Jane  and  John  .  .  501 
Smith,  Mary  P.  W.  Young  Puritans  in  Captivity  433 
Smith,  Nora  A.  Under  the  Cactus  Flag  .  .  .  435 

Smith,  Pamela  C.     Annancy  Stories 500 

Snedden,  Genevra  S.     Docas 436 

Snell,  F.  J.     The  Fourteenth  Century    .     .     .     .179 

Soul,  An  Epic  of  the 243 

Spears,  John  R.     The  Fugitive 435 

Spingarn,  J.  E.  Literary  Criticism  in  Renaissance  282 
Stables,  Gordon.  Remember  the  Maine  .  .  .  502 
Stacpoole,  Henry  De  Vere.  Pierrette  ....  501 
Stacpoole,  Henry  De  Vere.  The  Rapin  ...  18 
Stallard,  J.  H.  True  Basis  of  Economics  .  .  .  323 
Stanley,  H.  M.  Psychology  for  Beginners  .  .  80 
Stead,  William  T.  United  States  of  Europe  .  .  99 

Stephen,  H.  L.     State  Trials 247 

Stephens,  H.  Morse.     Syllabus  of  Modern  Euro- 
pean History 503 

Stephens,  R.  N.  A  Gentleman  Player  ....  175 
Stern,  S.  M.  Jung's  Lebensgeschichte  ....  80 

Stevenson,  R.  A.  M.     Velasquez 423 

Stevenson,  R.  L.     Morality  of  the  Profession  of 

Letters 135 

Stevenson,  Sara  Y.  Maximilian  in  Mexico  .  .  370 
Stockton,  F.  R.  Young  Master  of  Hyson  Hall  .  435 
Stoddard,  W.  O.  Running  the  Cuban  Blockade  .  501 

Stoddard,  W.  O.     Ulric  the  Jarl 434 

Stone,  R.  H.     In  Afric's  Forest 16 

Storr,  F.     Life  of  R.  H.  Quick 278 

Strang,  L.  C.  Famous  Actors  of  the  Day  .  .  .  499 
Strang,  L.  C.  Famous  Actresses  of  the  Day  .  .  430 
Stratemeyer,  Edward.  Minute  Boys  of  Bunker  Hill  433 
Straterneyer,  Edward.  To  Alaska  for  Gold  .  .  434 
Stratemeyer,  Edward.  Under  Otis  in  Philippines  433 
Strauss,  Malcolm.  Cupid  and  Coronet  ....  499 

Streamer,  D.     Ruthless  Rhymes 501 

Streamer,  Volney.     In   Friendship's   Name,   and 

What  Makes  a  Friend 430 

Swift's  Gulliver's  Travels,  illus.  by  Herbert  Cole  503 
Symonds,  J.  H.  Introduction  to  Dante,  new  ed.  180 


Vlll. 


INDEX. 


Tabb,  J.  B.     Child  Vene 501 

Taylor,  C.  J.     England 405 

Taylor,  C.  M.,  Jr.    British  Isles  through  an  Opera 

Glass 497 

Temple  Classics  for  Children 371 

Ten  Brink,  Jan.  Robespierre  and  the  Red  Terror  246 
Tennyson's  Poems,  "  Household  "  edition  .  .  .  283 
Tezte,  Joseph.  Jean- Jacques  Rosseau  .  .  .  .!.'>! 
Thacher,  Lucy  W.  The  Listening  Child  ...  437 
Thackeray's  Vanity  Fair,  "  Becky  Sharp  "  edition  404 
Thompson,  Adele  £.  Beck's  Fortune  .  .  .  .432 
Thompson,  E.  Seton.  The  Sandhill  Stag  .  .  .420 
Thompson,  E.  W.  The  Young  Boss  ....  434 
Thompson,  H.  L.  Henry  George  Liddell  .  .  .  310 

Three  Times  Three 434 

Thumb-Nail  Series,  new  vols.  for  1809  ....  420 
Thnrston,  I.  T.  The  Bishop's  Shadow  ....  434 
Timrod,  Henry,  Poems  of,  "  Memorial  "  edition  .  244 
Todd,  David  P.  Stars  and  Telescopes  ....  103 
Tomlinson,  E.  T.  A  Jersey  Boy  in  the  Revolution  43.'$ 
Tomlinson,  E.  T.  Camping  on  the  St.  Lawreuce  434 
Tomlinson,  E.  T.  Ward  Hill  at  College  ...  432 
Torrey,  Joseph,  Jr.  Elementary  Chemistry  .  .  282 
Tourgue*nieff's  Works,  trans,  by  Mrs.  Garnett  .  248 

Toy,  C.  H.     Book  of  Kzekiel 281 

Trent,  W.  P.     John  Milton 77 

Trent,  W.  P.  The  Authority  of  Criticism  .  .  .  280 
Trneblood,  B.  F.  The  Federation  of  the  World  .  100 

Tschudi,  Clara.     Empress  Eugenie 53 

Tucker,  J.  R.  Constitution  of  the  United  States  233 
University  of  Pennsylvania  Publications  .  .  .  323 
Upton,  Bertha  and  Florence.  Golliwogg  in  War  436 
Vachell,  H.  A.  A  Drama  in  Sunshine  ....  401 
Vachell,  H.  A.  The  Procession  of  Life  ...  21 
Vaile,  Charlotte  M.  Wheat  and  Huckleberries  .  435 
Van  Dyke,  Henry.  Fisherman's  Luck  ....  :i'Jl 

Verbeck,  Frank.     Three  Bears 501 

Vivekananda,  S.   Vedanta  Philosophy,  new  edition  180 

Vivian,  Herbert.     Tunisia 317 

Waliszewski,  K.     Marysienka 70 

Ward,  A.  W.  English  Dramatic  Literature,  rev.  ed.  120 
Ward,  Mrs.  Wilfrid.  One  Poor  Scruple  ...  20 
Warner,  Charles  Dudley.  That  Fortune  ...  75 

Warner  Classics,  The 247 

Warren,  Kate  M.     Piers  Plowman 248 

Waterloo,  Stanley.     Launching  of  a  Man   .     .     .174 


MM 

Waterman,  Lucius.  The  Post- Apostolic  Age  .  .  70 
Watson,  H.  B.  Marriott.  Heart  of  Miranda  .  .  76 
Watt,  Francis.  Law's  Lumber  Room,  2d  series  .  l:;t 

\Y<  liter's  Collegiate  Dictionary 

Weed,  G.  L.  Life  of  St.  Paul  for  the  Young  .  501 
Weeden,  Howard.  Bandanna  Ballads  ....  407 
Welch,  Lewis  S.,  and  Camp,  Walter.  Yale  .  .178 

Wells,  Carolyn.     Jingle  Book 501 

Wells,  Carolyn.     Story  of  Betty 435 

Wells,  H.  G.  When  the  Sleeper  Wakes  .  .  .176 
Wesselhoeft,  Lily  F.  Madam  Mary  of  the  Zoo  .  436 
Westley,  G.  Hembert.  For  Love's  Sweet  Sake  .  431 
Wharton,  Edith.  The  Greater  Inclination  .  .  7C 
What  Is  Worth  While  Series,  new  volumes  in  .  .  248 

What  Women  Can  Earn !<>:; 

Wherry,  Albinia.  Greek  Sculpture  .  .  •  .  .  80 
Wbishaw,  Fred.  Brothers  of  the  People  .  .  .  •_'<> 
Whistler,  J.  McNeil.  Baronet  and  the  Butterfly  .  1  >-' 
White,  W.  A.  The  Court  of  Boyville  .  .  .  .4*4 
Whitman,  Sidney.  Reminiscences  of  the  King  of 

Roumania 177 

Whitmarsb,  H.  Phelps.  The  Golden  Talisman  .  4:54 
Whitney,  Caspar.  Hawaiian-America  ....  318 
Whitney,  Mm.  A.  D.  T.  Square  Pegs  ....  435 
Wiener,  L.  Yiddish  Literature  in  10th  Century  .  !."••_' 
Wightman,  F.  P.  Little  Leather  Breeches  .  .  502 
Wildmau,  Rounsevelle.  Tales  of  Malayan  Coast  180 
Wilkinson,  Florence.  Lady  of  the  Flag- Flowers  .  7~> 
Wilkinson,  Spenser.  From  Cromwell  to  Wellington  247 
Willard,  C.  D.  The  Free- Harbor  Contest .  .  .177 
Williams,  Jesse  L.  Adventures  of  a  Freshman  .  1  >_' 

Williamson,  G.  C.     Luini 423 

Wilson,  Epiphanius.  Dante  Interpreted  .  .  .  180 
Wilson,  Sarah.  Romance  of  our  Ancient  Churches  431 
Wise,  B.  H.  Life  of  Henry  A.  Wise  ....  410 

Wise,  John  S.     The  End  of  an  Era 418 

Woodberry,  George  E.  Heart  of  Man  ....  320 
Woolf,  M.  A.  Sketches  of  Lowly  Life  .  .  .  .408 
Wotton,  Mabel  E.  The  Little  Browns  ....  50'J 
Wyeth,  J.  A.  Life  of  General  Forrest  .  .  .  .231 
Wyndham,  Charles.  The  Queen's  Service  .  .  280 

Yeats,  S.  Levett.     Heart  of  Denise 7."> 

Yonge,  Charlotte  M.  Herd  Boy  and  his  Hermit  .  "•"•_• 
Yorke,  Curtis.  The  Wild  Ruthvens  ....  436 
Young,  E.  R.  Winter  Adventures  of  Three  Boys  434 
Young,  Lucien.  The  Real  Hawaii 489 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Allen,  Grant,  Death  of 324 

American  History,  A  Projected  Annotated  Bibliog- 
raphy of 372 

Arnold  as  an  Abiding  Force.  Vida  D.  Scudder  .  481 
"  Baldoon  "  and  "  David  Harum."  Rand,  Me ff ally 

&  Co 167 

Bibliographical  Society  of  Chicago,  Organization  of  503 

Book  Review,  Uses  of  the.      W.  R.  K 220 

Brinton,  Daniel  Garrison,  Death  of 103 

Children,  Right  Books  for.  Charlet  Welsh  .  .116 
Children's  Books,  Problem  of.  Walter  Taylor  Field  68 
Civil  War  and  National  Sovereignty.  E.  Parmalee 

Prentice 167 

Civil  War  and  National  Sovereignty.    James  Oscar 

Pierce 230 

Clarke,  Robert,  Death  of 103 

College  Man,  The  Uneducated.     W.  R,  K.      .     .  353 

Godkin,  E.  L.,  Retirement  of 

Goethe,  Bismarck's  Debt  to.  Charles  Bundy  Wilton  168 


Greek  with  Tears.      William  Cranston  Latoton      .  354 

Griswold,  W.  M.,  Death  of 168 

Harper  &  Brothers,  Reorganization  of    ....  438 
Hast  Thou  Seen  Your  Father  ?     W.  H.  Camtth    .  309 

••  International  Monthly,"  The 504 

Julian,  George  W.,  Death  of 41 

Lippincott  Co.,  J.  B.,  Loss  by  Fire  of     ....  504 
"  Man   with  the  Hoe,"  Meaning   of.       Granville 

Davision  Hall 308 

Markhatu's  Interpretation  of  his  Hoe  Poem.  Edn-in 

Markham 354 

Nursery   Rhymes    and  Jingles,   An   Appeal    for. 

Charles  Welsh 230 

Poe,  Music  and  Color  of.     John  B.  Tabb     .     .     .  .V, } 
Reviewer  out  of  Perspective.   Frederick  W.  Goolcin      1 1 

Ropes,  John  Codman,  Death  of '.'•'- 

Sartain  and  Poe.     A.  G.  Newcomer 

West  Wind,  The.     Poem.     C.  K.  Binldey  .     ,    .    IS 
Young,  Good  Literature  for  the.     F.  M.  R.    .     .11  "> 


'Librarv 

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Criticism,  gisatssiort,  anb  Information. 


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"  The  story  concerns  the  doings  of  a  set  of  American  tour- 
ists in  Europe,  and  it  is  a  very  lively  and  agreeable  narrative 
throughout."—  Philadelphia  Evening  Telegraph. 


A  Trooper  Galahad. 

By  General  CHARLES  KING,  U.  S.  A.    With  frontispiece 
by  Harry  C.  Edwards.     12mo,  cloth,  $1.00. 
41  Captain  Charles  King  is  always  entertaining,  and  his  *  A 
Trooper  Galahad '  will  be  read  with  no  small  degree  of  interest. 
It  is  a  story  of  the  Southwest,  and  there  are  excellent  char- 
acter sketches  and  pictures  of  life  at  a  frontier  post." — St. 
Louis  Globe- Democrat. 


The  Wind= Jammers. 

By   T.  JENKINS   HAINS,   author  of  "  Captain  Gore's 

Courtship,"  etc.     12mo,  cloth,  ornamental,  $1.25. 

"  Mr.  T.  Jenkins  Hains  is  to  be  congratulated  in  writing  a 

more  natural  and  vigorous  sea-story  than  any  other  modern 

American  writer  of  this  class  of  fiction." — New  York  World. 


Heart  and  Sword. 

A  New  Copyright  Novel.    By  JOHN  STRANGE  WINTER. 
12mo,  paper,  50  cents;  cloth,  $1.00. 
"  *  Heart  and  Sword '  deals  largely  with  the  life  of  the 
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Wives  Work  ? '  It  is,  perhaps,  one  of  the  best  of  John  Strange 
Winter's  books." — London  Telegraph. 

To  be  issued  in  Lippincott's  Series  of  Select  Novels  for 
June,  1899. 


Nigel  Ferrard. 

By  G.  M.  ROBINS  (Mrs.  L.  Baillie  Reynolds),  author 
of  "Her  Point  of  View,"  "The  Ides  of  March." 
12mo,  paper,  50  cents;  cloth,  $1.00. 

To  be  issued  in  Lippincott'1  s  Series  of  Select  Novels  for 
July,  1899. 


FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  BOOKSELLERS. 


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[July  1, 


LONGMANS,  GREEN,  &  Co.'s  NEW  BOOKS 


AMERICAN  CITIZEN  SERIES. 

A  Series  of  Books  on  the  Practical  Workings  of 

the  Functions  of  the  State  and  of  Society, 

with  Special  Reference  to  American 

Conditions  and  Experience. 

The  Series  appears  under  the  editorship  of  Dr.  ALBKRT 
HrsHNH.i.  HART,  of  Harvard  University,  editor  of 
"  Epochs  of  American  History,"  etc. 

Outline  of  Practical  Sociology. 

With  Special  Reference  to  American  Conditions. 

By  CARROLL  D.  WRIGHT,  LL.D.,  United  States  Com- 
missioner of  Labor,  author  of  "  Industrial  Evolution 
of  the  United  States,"  "Statistics  of  the  City  of 
Boston,"  "  Reports  of  the  Chief  of  the  Massachusetts 
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States  Commissioner  of  Labor,"  etc.  Large  crown 
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The  Life  of  William  Morris. 

By  J.  W.  M  U-K  AIL,  MA.,  Fellow  of  Balliol  College, 
Oxford.  With  6  Portraits  in  Photogravure  and  16 
full-page  Illustrations  by  E.  H.  New,  etc.  2  vols., 
8vo,  87.50  net. 

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notable  biographies  of  the  time." —  Daily  New*. 

The  Poetical  Work*  of  William  Morris. 

The  Tale  of  Beowulf, 

Sometime  King  of  the  Folk  of  the 
Wedergeats. 

Translated  by  WILLIAM  MORRIS  and  A.  J.  WTATT. 
New  edition.  Crown  8vo,  82.00. 


Among  My  Books. 

Papers  on  Literary  Subjects  by  Various  Writers. 
Reprinted  from  "  Literature."  With  a  Preface  by 

H.  D.  TRAILL,  D.C.L.     Crown  8vo,  gilt  top,  81.60. 

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nflange  of  interesting  facts  concerning  '  rick  wick.'  Dr. 
Mahaffy's  essay  on  style,  and  '  Ian  Maclaren's '  on  '  Ugliness 
in  Fiction,'  and  one  finds  here  much  excellent  matter  on  the 
subject  of  criticism." —  Commercial  Advtrtiter. 

Memories  of  Half  a  Century. 

By  the  Rev.  R.  W.  1 1  ILK Y,  D.D.,  Vicar  of  Wighill, 
Tadcaster.     With  Portrait.     8vo,  85.00. 

Manual  of  the  Principles  of 
Practical  Cookery. 

By  E.  E.  MANN,  Head  Teacher  of  Cookery  in  the  Liv- 
erpool Training  School  of  Cookery.    Crown  8vo,  50o. 


NEW  NOVELS. 

Castle   Czvargas.     A  Romance. 

Being  a  Plain  Story  of  the  Romantic  Adventures  of 
Two  Brothers,  Told  by  the  Younger  of  Them.  Ed- 
ited by  ARCHIBALD  BIRT.  Crown  8vo,  81.25. 

Probable  Tales. 

Edited  by  W.  STKBBING.     Crown  8vo,  81  25. 
"  A  book  of  eccentric  originality." —  liotton  Beacon. 

A  Lover's  Revolt. 

A  Novel  of  the  American  Revolution. 
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The  King's  Rivals. 

An  Historical  Novel  of  the  Time  of  Charles  II. 
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Crowu  8vo,  cloth,  ornamental,  81.25. 

Stanley  J.  IVeynian'i 

The  Castle  Inn. 

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H.  Rider  Haggard's 

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Doctor  Therne. 

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The  Archdeacon. 

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And  Other  Tales. 

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"  A  capital  love  story  told  with  admirable  skill  and  most 
excellent  art."—  Evening  Gazette  (Boston). 

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Hope  the  Hermit. 

A    Romance    of    Borrowdale. 

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1899.] 


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THE  MARKET-PLACE. 

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OUR  CONQUESTS  IN  THE 
PACIFIC. 

By  Oscar  King  Davis, 

Correspondent  of  The  New  York  Sun  with  the  forces  of  the 
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THE  STRONG  ARM. 

By  Robert  Barr. 

This  story  is  one  of  the  same  region  —  the  Rhine  and  Moselle 
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latest,  and  perhups  the  most  successful,  of  Mr.  Barr's  works. 
It  is  a  romance  full  of  action,  and  the  reader  is  never  wearied. 
Ten  shorter  stories  are  given  in  the  book  following  "The 
Strong  Arm." 

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OUTSIDERS. 

By  Robert  W.  Chambers, 

Author  of  "  Ashes  of  Empire,"  "  The  Haunts  of  Men,"  etc. 
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ented young  American.  Most  people  are  not  aware  of  the 
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can  be  found  in  Paris.  Mr.  Chambers,  who  is  an  artist  as  well 
as  a  writer,  is  thoroughly  competent  to  treat  this  subject,  and 
the  picture  that  he  has  drawn  of  this  practically  unknown 
life  is  vivid  and  fascinating  in  the  extreme. 
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By  Edgar  Morette. 

A  detective  story  of  intense  interest.  The  author  is  a  New 
Yorker,  and  the  hero  and  the  villain  in  his  story  are  both 
New  York  clubmen.  A  crack  New  York  newspaper  reporter 
endeavors  to  unravel  a  mysterious  crime.  His  antagonist  is 
a  man  of  great  learning  and  ability,  and  the  story  of  the  intel- 
lectual struggle  of  these  two  men  makes  a  plot  as  interesting 
as  that  of  "The  Leavenworth  Case." 

The  binding  of  this  book  is  a  decided  novelty.  Boards,  with 
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AT  THE  COURT  OF 
CATHERINE  THE  GREAT. 

By  Fred  Whishaw. 

A  Russian  story  issued  as  a  companion  to  the  successful 
"The  Son  of  the  Czar." 

The  period  of  Russian  history  covered  by  Mr.  Whishaw's 
book,  while  later  than  that  of  "  The  Son  of  the  Czar,"  is  no 
less  fertile  in  exciting  incident,  and  the  weaknesses  of  the 
great  Empress  and  the  peculiarities  of  her  wretched  husband 
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tion as  well  as  ingenuity. 

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LETITIA  BERKELEY,  A.M. 

By  Josephine  Bontecou  Stetfens. 

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A  Lost  Lady  of  Old  Years,  byjobn  'Bucban  .  /.<;<> 

Defender  of  the  Faith,  by  Frank  fMatbew  .    .  i.$o 

Idols,  by  W.J.  Locke 7.50 

A  Deliverance,  by  tAlla*  Momkbouse    .    .    .    .  1.2^ 

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The  Mandate,  by  T.  Baron  Russell /.;<> 


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br  Slepben  Gvtynne 1.35 

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THE  ANGLO-SAXON   REVIEW 

A  QUARTERLY  MISCELLANY. 
Edited  by  LADY   RANDOLPH  CHURCHILL. 

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The  Maternity  of  Harriott 
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THE   DIAL 

Snrn-iiJlontfjlg  Journal  of  ILiterarg  Criticism,  Biscussion,  ano  Information. 


No.  sis. 


JULY  1,  1899.       Vol.  XXVII. 


CONTENTS. 


THE  CHICAGO  SCHOOLS 


PAOK 
9 


PLAYS  AND  PLAYERS  OF  A  SEASON.    W.  E. 

Simonds    .  11 


THE  WEST  WIND.     (Sonnet.)     C.  K.  Binkley 


12 


MATURE -BOOKS     FOR     SUMMER      OUTINGS. 

Charles  A.  Kofoid 13 

Mrs.  Parsons's  How  to  Know  the  Ferns.  —  Miss 
Lounsberry's  A  Guide  to  the  Wild  Flowers.  —  Miss 
Going's  Field,  Forest,  and  Wayside  Flowers.  —  Mrs. 
Miller's  The  First  Book  of  Birds.—  Scudder's  Every- 
day Butterflies. —  Howe's  On  the  Birds'  Highway. 

SOME  RECENT  BOOKS  OF  TRAVEL.    Hiram  M. 

Stanley 14 

Jackson's  A  Thousand  Days  in  the  Arctic. —  Palmer's 
In  the  Klondyke. —  Gwynn's  Highways  and  Byways 
in  Donegal  and  Antrim.  —  St.  Barbe's  In  Modern 
Spain.  —  Miss  Guinness's  Across  India  at  the  Dawn 
of  the  20th  Century.  —  Stone's  In  Af ric's  Forest  and 
Jungle.  —  Kipling's  From  Sea  to  Sea. 

THE   GENTLE   ART  OF  GARDENING.     Wallace 

Bice 16 

RECENT  FICTION.  William  Morton  Payne  ...  17 
Barry's  The  Two  Standards.  —  Stacpoole's  The 
Rapin. — Merriman's  Dross. — Locke's  Idols. — Doyle's 
A  Duet  with  an  Occasional  Chorus. —  Le  Gallienne's 
Young  Lives.  —  Crockett's  The  Black  Douglas.  — 
Keightley's  The  Silver  Cross.  —  Boothby's  Pharos, 
the  Egyptian.  —  Hind's  The  Enchanted  Stone.  — 
Benson's  The  Capsina.  —  Whishaw's  The  Brothers 
of  the  People.  —  Mrs.  Moore's  The  Passion  of  Rosa- 
mund Keith.  —  Mrs.  Ward's  One  Poor  Scruple.  — 
Mrs.  Crowninshield's  Latitude  19°.  —  Miss  Skinner's 
Espiritu  Santo. — Howells's  Ragged  Lady. — Vachell's 
The  Procession  of  Life.  —  James's  The  Awkward 
Age.  —  Frederic's  The  Market- Place. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 22 

Letters  and  autobiography  of  Mrs.  Oliphant. —  Berk- 
shire hills  and  meadows.  —  The  story  of  Japanese 
letters. —  Border  fighting  in  the  Civil  War. —  A  play- 
wright and  his  prologue.  —  Feminine  psychology.  — 
The  New  World  of  America. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 24 

LITERARY  NOTES 25 

ONE  HUNDRED  BOOKS  FOR  SUMMER  READ- 
ING. A  classified  list  of  some  of  the  best  recent 
publications 25 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS 27 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .    27 


THE   CHICAGO  SCHOOLS. 

There  has  been  much  discussion  during  the 
past  month,  voiced  chiefly  in  the  newspapers 
and  in  the  meetings  of  various  bodies  interested 
in  public  education,  of  what  has  been  somewhat 
sensationally  termed  a  "  crisis  "  in  the  school 
affairs  of  Chicago.  An  agitation  of  sentiment 
against  the  present  management  of  the  city 
educational  system  has  been  so  sedulously  stim- 
ulated by  the  busybodies  that  the  resulting 
state  of  things  may  indeed  be  called  serious, 
although  not  exactly  in  the  sense  intended  by 
those  who  have  brought  it  to  pass.  For  a  con- 
dition is  certainly  serious  which  makes  it  pos- 
sible that  the  unworthy  influences  which  suc- 
ceeded, a  few  months  ago,  in  defeating  for  the 
time  being  the  important  reforms  proposed  by 
the  Chicago  Educational  Commission,  should 
command  any  considerable  following  in  such 
an  attack  as  has  just  been  made  upon  the  policy 
of  Superintendent  Andrews.  This  attack  has 
proceeded  from  motives  so  obviously  preju- 
diced, and  has  been  so  utterly  lacking  in  the 
elements  of  fairness  and  generosity,  that  we 
feel  half-ashamed  to  dignify  it  by  serious  con- 
sideration. Perhaps  it  would  be  better  to  dis- 
miss it  with  some  such  phrase  as  that  used  by 
Schopenhauer,  speaking  of  the  metamorphosis 
of  serious  thought  when  transferred  to  "  the 
narrow  lodging  and  low  roofing  of  the  confined, 
contracted,  thick-walled  skull  from  which  dull 
glances  steal  directed  to  personal  ends." 

On  the  whole,  however,  it  seems  desirable  to 
say  something  more  than  this,  because  preju- 
dices are  active  forces  in  the  social  organi- 
zation, and  because  interested  activities  are 
sometimes  successful  in  disguising  themselves 
under  the  garb  of  the  fairest  philanthropy.  It 
is  not  easy  to  disengage  from  the  tangled  skein 
of  rumor  and  recrimination  the  thread  of  any 
coherent  argument,  and  the  more  one  examines 
the  charges  brought  against  the  present  policy 
of  school  administration,  the  more  bewildered 
one  becomes  at  the  infusion  of  personal  feeling 
and  the  confusion  of  thought.  As  far,  however, 
as  any  argument  is  discernible,  it  seems  to  be 
directed  against  two  of  the  aims  of  Superin- 
tendent Andrews  —  that  of  establishing  a  sys- 
tem of  true  executive  control  and  responsibility, 


10 


THE    DIAL 


[•July  1, 


and  that  of  raising  the  standard  of  efficiency 
and  intellectual  ability  among  the  body  of 
instructors  and  administrative  officers.  It 
would  seem  that  a  Superintendent  who  kept 
these  aims  in  view  should  deserve  and  receive 
the  heartiest  support  from  all  sections  of  the 
community.  For  the  past  score  of  years  these 
aims  have  been  set,  by  all  the  organs  of  serious 
educational  opinion,  foremost  among  those  that 
should  be  worked  for  in  the  betterment  of 
public  school  education.  They  have  become 
the  merest  commonplaces  of  educational  dis- 
cussion, and  it  is  rather  late  in  the  day  to  be 
called  upon  to  defend  them  anew.  But  such 
is  the  distorting  power  of  prejudice  over  the 
simplest  and  clearest  ideas,  that  the  guarded  an- 
nunciation of  these  aims  by  the  present  school 
administration  has  evoked  an  attack  of  the 
most  violent  nature,  in  which  the  plain  promises 
of  the  Superintendent  have  been  ignored,  his 
motives  impugned,  and  even  (as  in  the  case  of 
the  shameless  resolutions  of  the  Chicago  Feder- 
ation of  Labor)  his  personal  character  aspersed. 
An  attack  of  this  sort  is  sure  in  the  end  to 
defeat  itself,  but  it  is  a  sorry  exhibition  for  the 
time  being,  and  it  calls  for  an  indignant  re- 
monstrance from  all  the  friends  of  fair  play. 

To  take  the  first  of  the  aims  above  men- 
tioned, the  consensus  of  opinion  to  the  effect 
that  both  power  and  responsibility  should  be 
centralized  in  the  executive  head  of  a  city  school 
system  is  such  that  the  official  who  stands  for 
this  principle  is  backed  by  wellnigh  all  the 
educational  authority  worth  taking  into  ac- 
count. This  principle  was  properly  made  the 
foundation  of  the  recommendations  of  the  Chi- 
cago Educational  Commission,  and  has  been 
energetically  maintained  by  Superintendent 
Andrews  during  the  year  of  his  incumbency. 
Those  who  have  opposed  it  have  brought  no 
arguments  to  bear  against  it,  but  have  sup- 
ported their  contention  by  a  plentiful  use  of 
invective,  and  of  the  catchwords  that  the  dem- 
agogic spirit  has  ever  at  hand  for  these  emer- 
gencies. Such  words  as  "autocracy,"  *4 tyr- 
anny," and  ••  despotism  "  have  been  freely  used, 
and  the  magic  word  "  democracy  "  has  once 
more  been  worked  into  the  service  of  the  reac- 
tionary party.  In  the  sense  in  which  the 
phrase  "  democratic  management  "  has  been 
employed  in  this  controversy,  it  seems  to  con- 
note a  government  of  the  schools  by  the  meth- 
ods of  the  town-meeting,  if  not  of  the  mob. 
Questions  of  educational  policy  should  be  de- 
cided by  councils  and  committees  instead  of  by 
a  responsible  officer,  so  that  no  individual  shall 


be  much  to  blame  if  a  decision  turns  out  unfor- 
tunately. No  more  vicious  absurdity  than  this 
was  ever  put  forward  in  the  name  of  democ- 
racy, or  sought  to  be  engrafted  upon  a  system 
of  .schools.  Its  practical  workings  have  recently 
appeared  in  the  antics  of  certain  of  the  teach- 
ers' organizations  of  Chicago.  The  methods 
of  these  bodies  have  resembled  those  of  the 
trade  union  or  the  political  caucus  rather  than 
those  of  the  professional  organization,  and  the 
situation  they  have  been  striving  to  create  is 
one  that  would  be  simply  intolerable  were  it  to 
prevail. 

The  second  of  the  major  aims  put  forward 
by  the  Educational  Commission  and  the  Super- 
intendent is  that  of  securing  a  higher  average 
of  educational  qualification  than  heretofore  for 
the  teachers  and  other  officers  of  the  schools. 
Now,  the  obvious  way  of  doing  this  is  to  set  a 
standard  of  some  sort,  and,  since  the  large  ma- 
jority of  educated  people  get  the  beginnings  of 
their  culture  in  some  institution  of  the  higher 
learning,  it  is  quite  proper  to  require  of  candi- 
dates for  positions  such  an  education  or  its 
equivalent.  What  goes  by  the  name  of  a  "  col- 
lege education  "  means  very  little  in  very  many 
cases,  but  it  at  least  affords  a  starting-point  for 
a  test.  We  think,  however,  that  the  willing- 
ness to  accept  an  "  equivalent "  has  not  been 
sufficiently  emphasized  in  the  present  case,  and 
much  irritation  might  have  been  avoided  had 
the  declaration  been  made  without  reserve  that 
unquestionable  intellectual  equipment,  however 
obtained,  should  be  enough  to  qualify  for  any 
post  whatsoever  in  the  system.  Hard-and-fast 
rules  are  to  be  avoided  in  such  matters.  We 
have  only  to  reflect  that  a  John  Stuart  Mill 
would  be  excluded  from  teaching  by  the  "  col- 
lege education "  requirement,  to  realize  the 
unwisdom  of  a  too  specific  statement  of  quali- 
fications. 

This,  however,  is  an  aside,  and  does  not 
touch  the  point  mainly  at  issue,  which  is  that  of 
enlisting  the  highest  obtainable  scholarship  in 
the  work  of  teaching.  The  attempt  to  cripple 
Superintendent  Andrews  in  this  endeavor  has 
been  characterized  by  the  use  of  the  memor- 
able phrase  "  educational  trust,"  and  by  a  line 
of  reasoning  which  is  not  parodied  in  the  fol- 
lowing statement :  President  Harper  of  the 
University  of  Chicago  was  a  member  of  the 
Commission  which  urged  the  need  of  higher 
qualifications  for  teachers.  Superintendent 
Andrews  was  one  of  his  old-time  friends,  and 
was  brought  to  Chicago  through  his  influence. 
These  two  then  conspired  to  convert  the  public 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


ll 


school  system  of  Chicago  into  an  appendix  to 
the  University,  and  at  the  same  time  devised  a 
sinister  scheme  whereby  all  the  desirable  posts 
in  the  city  system  were  to  be  manned  by  grad- 
uates of  the  University.  The  conspirators  were, 
moreover,  being  used  as  tools  in  a  far-reaching 
plan  of  the  "  plutocracy  "  to  get  possession  of 
the  machinery  of  public  education  in  the  United 
States,  in  order  that  free  discussion  might  be 
suppressed  and  the  clutch  of  organized  capital 
strengthened  about  the  throats  of  the  toiling 
masses.  This,  we  repeat,  is  not  parody,  but  the 
clearest  exposition  we  know  how  to  make  of  the 
theory  of  the  "  educational  trust "  as  it  has  been 
set  forth  of  late  in  connection  with  educational 
affairs  in  Chicago.  False  and  even  grotesque 
as  they  are,  these  charges,  with  others  of  like 
sort,  and  all  that  they  imply,  have  been  made 
seriously  in  the  public  press,  and  have  influ- 
enced the  opinions  of  thousands  of  unthinking 
people.  We  are  inclined  to  believe  that  this 
monstrous  explanation  of  what  is,  after  all,  the 
simple  matter  of  an  effort  to  elevate  the  stand- 
ard of  the  teaching  profession  in  Chicago  is 
nothing  more  than  an  inflated  defence  of  what 
"  The  Educational  Review  "  describes  as  "  the 
detestable  theory  that  one  purpose  of  the  pub- 
lic schools  is  to  provide  young  women  with 
'places'  in  which  to  earn  a  livelihood."  To 
such  a  complexion  is  reduced,  when  we  look 
the  facts  squarely  in  the  face,  all  this  pother 
about  "  discrimination  "  and  the  substitution 
of  "  monarchical "  for  "  democratic  "  ideals. 

To  the  intelligent  mind,  of  course,  these  wild 
and  whirling  words  are  simply  amusing,  and 
the  tissue  of  actual  fact  about  which  they  cling 
the  merest  cobweb  obstruction  of  vision.  The 
last  thing  in  the  world  that  capital  is  trying  to 
do  is  to  control  the  machinery  of  education.  It 
is  too  busily  occupied  in  its  own  work  of  self- 
protection  to  be  concerned  with  so  extraneous 
a  matter.  The  University  of  Chicago  has  no 
other  interest  in  the  city  school  system  than 
that  of  stimulating  it  to  a  more  healthful  activ- 
ity. And  there  is  nothing  in  the  course  of 
Superintendent  Andrews  to  indicate  that  he  has 
any  other  object  at  heart  than  that  of  strength- 
ening the  system  under  his  charge  by  the 
application  to  its  work  of  the  most  enlightened 
ideas  and  the  recruiting  of  the  most  efficient 
co-laborers  in  this  great  service.  He  has  been 
less  than  a  year  at  his  difficult  task,  and  it  is 
not  yet  time  to  demand  results.  But  in  the 
course  of  that  year  he  has  at  least  shown  to  all 
who  have  eyes  to  see,  and  who  are  in  a  position 
to  take  a  disinterested  view  of  his  position,  that 


he  has  his  work  earnestly  at  heart,  and  that  he 
deserves  from  the  whole  community  that  cor- 
dial support  with  which  the  best  elements  of 
the  community  (including  those  that  viewed  his 
original  appointment  with  some  apprehension) 
have  already  expressed  their  recognition  of  the 
strength  and  the  sincerity  of  his  purpose. 


PL  A  YS  AND  PLAYERS  OF  A  SEASON. 

Continuing  our  annual  midsummer  survey  of 
the  drama  in  Chicago,*  we  find  that  the  season  of 
1898-99  has  not  passed  without  leaving  for  our 
theatre-goers  the  memory  of  several  noteworthy 
events.  Those  autocrats  of  the  stage  who  live  in 
New  York  and  dominate  theatrical  affairs  the 
country  over,  have  seen  fit  to  deny  Chicago  audi- 
ences the  enjoyment  of  some  of  the  novelties  under 
their  control,  while  at  the  same  time  two  or  three 
of  the  sensations  with  which  they  have  afflicted  us 
could  much  better  have  been  spared ;  and  yet  there 
has  been  no  lack  in  standard  attractions,  excellent  in 
quality  and  generally  worthy  of  the  patronage  ac- 
corded them. 

Early  in  the  season  Mr.  Gillette's  ever-popular 
melodrama,  'b  Secret  Service,"  began  a  run  of  five 
weeks  at  Powers's  Theatre,  closing  with  the  end  of 
October.  During  this  same  month  Mrs.  Julia  Mar- 
lowe-Taber  was  seen  at  the  Columbia  for  two  weeks 
in  "  The  Countess  Valeska,"  while  Mdme.  Modjeska 
appeared  for  three  weeks  at  the  Grand  Opera  House 
in  "  Canaille,"  "  Magda,"  "  Mary  Stuart,"  and 
Shakespearian  roles.  Mr.  Goodwin  and  Miss  Elliott 
were  at  Powers's  throughout  November,  presenting 
"  Nathan  Hale,"  though  not  continuously,  during 
the  month's  engagement.  Mrs.  Fiske  came  to  the 
Grand  for  two  weeks  in  November,  where  she  was 
seen  in  "  Tess  of  the  D'Urbervilles  "  and  "  Love 
Will  Find  a  Way."  The  great  novelty  of  the  year 
was  Mr.  Mansfield's  elaborate  and  finely  artistic 
production  of  Rostand's  "  Cyrano  de  Bergerac," 
which  won  phenomenal  success,  holding  the  stage 
at  the  Grand  Opera  House  for  five  weeks,  Decem- 
ber 4  to  January  7.  For  three  weeks  in  December 
and  January,  Mr.  Sothern  was  at  Powers's  Theatre 
in  "  The  King's  Musketeer,"  and  in  the  latter  part 
of  January  Mr.  Hackett  played  a  week's  engage- 
ment at  the  Columbia  in  the  dramatization  of 
Anthony  Hope's  "  Rupert  of  Hentzau." 

The  last  two  weeks  of  February  brought  Miss 
Nethersole  to  Powers's  where  she  appeared  in  "The 
Second  Mrs.  Tanqueray,"  "  The  Termagant,"  "Car- 
men," and  "  Canaille."  She  was  followed  by  Miss 
Maude  Adams  in  the  dramatized  version  of  Barrie's 
"  The  Little  Minister  "  —  next  to  Mr.  Mansfield's 
"  Cyrano  "  the  most  popular  attraction  of  the  year. 
Miss  Adams's  engagement  continued  six  weeks  ; 
then  followed  the  presentation  of  "  Catherine,"  with 

*See  THE  DIAL,  June  16, 1896  ;  July  16, 1897 ;  July  1, 1898. 


12 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


Miss  Annie  Russell  in  the  rule,  and  afterwards  the 
appearance  of  Mr.  Drew  in  "The  Liars."  The 
month  of  April  was  also  distinguished  by  Miss  Julia 
Arthur's  interpretation  of  "Juliet."  In  May,  Mr. 
Frohman's  Lyceum  Theatre  Company  began  at 
Powers's  an  important  engagement  of  four  weeks, 
their  most  important  production  being  last  season's 
Eastern  success  (new  this  year  in  Chicago),  Mr. 
Pinero's  pleasing  comedy,  "Trelawny  of  the  Wells." 
Daring  this  month  also  Mr.  Otis  Skinner  came  to 
the  Grand  for  a  week  in  the  old  favorite,  "  Rose- 
mary." During  the  first  week  of  June  occurred  the 
much  advertised  production  of  "  Romeo  and  Juliet," 
at  Powers's  Theatre,  with  its  expensive  cast  includ- 
ing Miss  Adams,  Mr.  Faversham,  and  Mr.  Hackett. 
A  new  play  by  Augustus  Thomas,  "  Arizona,"  began 
on  June  12,  at  the  Grand,  a  run  of  indefinite 
length. 

This  constitutes  a  rather  notable  list  of  attractions 
for  the  year  just  closing, —  more  comfortably  dis- 
tributed too  than  always  happens.  It  should  be 
mentioned  also  that  during  the  season  engagements 
have  been  played  by  a  number  of  steady  standbys, 
including  Mr.  Roland  Reed,  Mr.  Sol  Smith  Russell, 
Mr.  William  Crane,  Mr.  Stuart  Robson,  Mr.  Digby 
Bell,  and  Miss  May  Irwin, —  although  the  plays 
presented  by  these  people  were  none  of  them  sat- 
isfactory, while  some  proved  most  unfortunate  fail- 
ures. 

One  of  the  features  of  the  season  has  been  the 
series  of  popular  successes  at  McVicker's  Theatre, 
now  under  the  management  of  Mr.  Jacob  Litt.  The 
most  important  of  these  productions  were  "  Shen- 
andoah,"  which  ran  for  three  weeks  in  November ; 
'•  The  Prisoner  of  Zenda,"  which  followed  for  two 
weeks ;  "  At  Piney  Ridge,"  one  week ;  "  In  Old 
Kentucky,"  two  weeks ;  and  an  elaborate  staging 
of  a  new  melodrama,  "  Sporting  Life,"  which  was 
played  to  crowded  houses  for  twelve  weeks,  Febru- 
ary 19  to  May  13. 

At  the  minor  theatres,  nothing  noteworthy  has 
occurred.  Conventional  melodrama  has  held  the 
boards,  with  occasional  allowances  of  farce-comedy. 
The  Academy,  Adelphi,  Alhambra,  and  Lincoln 
opened  in  August  with  plays  appropriately  reflecting 
the  national  situation.  "  The  Commodore  "  showed 
the  gun-deck  of  a  cruiser  in  action,  special  attention 
being  called  to  the  four-inch  guns,  very  properly 
introduced  thus  to  the  realm  of  realistic  drama. 
"  For  Liberty  and  Love  "  made  good  use  of  flash- 
light signals  sent  from  a  tower  under  fire  of  Spanish 
sharpshooters.  Mr.  Lincoln  J.  Carter's  "  Remem- 
ber the  Maine  "  was  one  of  the  new  productions. 
"Cuba's  Vow"  and  "Heroes  of  '98"  celebrated 
generally  the  recent  war.  As  matter  of  fact,  ex- 
cepting these,  very  few  war-plays  have  been  put 
upon  the  local  stage,  and  only  occasionally  has  a 
play  like  "  Chattanooga,"  "  Held  by  the  Enemy," 
or  '>  The  Girl  I  Left  Behind  Me  "  made  its  appeal 
to  the  military  spirit  of  the  multitude.  One  popu- 
lar melodrama,  "  Devil's  Island,"  has  utilized  the 
very  natural  material  of  the  Dreyfus  affair. 


In  the  presentation  of  Shakespearian  plays,  the 
falling  off  from  the  record  of  previous  years  is 
startling,  although  some  of  the  causes  are  not  far 
to  seek.  Mr.  Thomas  Keene  and  Miss  Margaret 
Mather  are  no  longer  living.  Mr.  Mansfield  has 
been  sufficiently  employed  upon  his  splendid  pro- 
duction of  ••  Cyrano  ";  Mrs.  Marlowe-Taber  has 
been  busy  with  experiments  in  modern  drama  ;  Miss 
Rehan  and  Mr.  Walker  Whiteside  we  have  not  seen. 
Mr.  Warde  and  Mr.  James,  and  Mr.  Otis  Skinner 
as  well,  have  found  it  safer  not  to  attempt  "  revivals  " 
which  prove  too  costly  for  many  successive  seasons. 
Who  is  left?  In  reality,  there  is  but  one,  so  far  as 
we  at  present  are  aware  ;  and  but  for  the  somewhat 
erratic  course  of  two  stellar  bodies  of  lesser  magni- 
tude, Mdme.  Modjeska  has  ruled,  solitary,  queen  of 
the  tragic  stage. 

During  the  season  of  1895-96,  thirteen  of  the 
Shakespearian  plays  were  presented  in  Chicago  ; 
the  number  of  performances  was  eighty-eight.  In 
1896-97  also,  thirteen  plays  were  given,  sixty-eight 
performances  in  all.  In  1897-98,  ten  were  staged 
and  the  performances  numbered  fifty.  During  the 
season  just  ended,  only  four  were  produced,  and 
the  number  of  performances  is  twenty-eight. 

Following  is  the  tabulated  record  for  the  season. 

Playt.  Jfo.        Plnyert.  Datet. 


1  Antony  and  Cleop^.  8  { 

2  Macbeth.  6     Modieaka.          Oct.22,26,28,29,31,  NoT.5. 

3  A*  You  Like  It  1      Modjeeka.          NOT.  6. 

(  Julia  Arthur.     Apr.  12,  13,  14,  15  (twicej. 

4  Romeo  and  Juliet       13  \  Maude  Adam*.  June  5,  6,  7  (twice),  8,  9, 

(  10  (twice). 

4  28  3 

During  the  month  of  April  there  were  three  or  four 
Sunday  evening  performances  by  German  artists  at 
Powers's  Theatre,  which  should  not  be  left  unre- 
corded. April  16,  Herr  Emanuel  Reicher,  of  Ber- 
lin, appeared  in  -  Othello,"  and  April  23  the  great 
Herr  von  Sonnenthal,of  the  Imperial  Hof  burg  Thea- 
tre in  Vienna,  was  seen  in  "Nathan  der  Weise." 

W.  E.  SIMONDS. 


THE   WEST  WIND. 


The  pale-green  poplars  shimmer  in  the  sun, 
And  wave  and  rustle ;  the  dry  grasses  sway ; 
The  oaks  and  eucalyptus  far  away 
Take  up  a  moaning  music  one  by  one. 
Here  from  the  shadows  mark  the  tremor  run 
Over  the  hillside  to  the  mountains  gray  — 
Dim  gray  and  purple,  moveless,  only  they 
Are  silent  in  the  West  Wind's  carillon. 
This  is  the  bearer  of  all  mysteries, 
Whose  fleet-winged  cohorts  are  the  messengers 
Bringing  o'er  unseen  mountains  the  dim  roar 
And  surge  and  glitter  of  what  magic  seas, 
The  dream-spray  dashing  where  upon  the  shore 
Are  harps  and  timbrels  and  bright  islanders. 

C.  K.  BINKLKY. 

Palo  Alto,  California. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


13 


NATURE-BOOKS  FOR  SUMMER  OUTIXGS.* 

Popular  interest  in  the  subject  of  natural 
history  must  be  on  the  increase,  if  the  number 
and  variety  of  recent  books  devoted  to  this 
subject  can  be  taken  as  an  index.  Indeed,  the 
introduction  of  nature-study  in  the  grades  of 
the  public  schools,  and  the  growing  attention 
paid  to  technical  instruction  in  biology  in  our 
best  high  schools,  must  in  time  create  and  con- 
tinue a  legitimate  popular  demand  for  trust- 
worthy and  well-presented  information  on  nat- 
ural history  subjects  by  those  who  pursue  these 
lines  of  study  not  as  a  vocation  but  as  an  avo- 
cation. Whatever  the  hobby  be  —  birds  or 
butterflies,  flowers  or  ferns  —  the  enthusiastic 
amateur  may  be  sure  of  finding  some  helpful 
and  reliable  manual  to  stimulate  his  interest 
and  guide  his  efforts. 

One  of  the  most  successful  and  attractive  of 
these  recent  handbooks  for  nature  study  is  Mrs. 
Frances  Theodora  Parsons's  "  How  to  Know 
the  Ferns."  From  cover  to  index  the  book 
is  tastefully  and  skilfully  gotten  up,  and  will 
prove  to  be  a  useful  and  satisfactory  guide  for 
those  who  go  a-ferniug.  An  introductory  chap- 
ter on  ferns  as  a  hobby  is  followed  by  a  discus- 
sion of  the  seasons  and  situations  in  which  ferns 
may  be  found,  a  brief  illustrated  explanation  of 
the  technical  terms  employed,  and  an  account 
of  the  interesting  life-cycle  of  the  fern.  The 
greater  part  of  the  book  is  taken  up  with  the 
descriptions  of  the  fifty-seven  species  found  in 
the  eastern  United  States.  This  is  accom- 
plished with  a  minimum  of  technicalities  and  a 

*How  TO  KNOW  THE  FERNS.  A  Guide  to  the  Names, 
Haunts,  and  Habits  of  our  Common  Ferns.  By  Frances  Theo- 
dora Parsons.  Illustrated  by  Marion  Satterlee  and  Alice 
Josephine  Smith.  New  York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

A  GUIDE  TO  THE  WILD  FLOWERS.  By  Alice  Lounsberry. 
With  64  colored  and  100  black-and-white  plates  and  54  dia- 
grams by  Mrs.  Ellis  Rowan.  With  an  Introduction  by  Dr. 
N.  L.  Britton.  New  York :  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co. 

FIELD,  FOREST,  AND  WAYSIDE  FLOWERS.  With  chapters 
on  Grasses,  Sedges,  and  Ferns.  Untechnical  Studies  for  Un- 
learned Lovers  of  Nature.  By  Maud  Going  (E.  M.  Hardinge). 
Illustrated  in  part  with  Drawings  from  Life  by  S.  G.  Porter 
and  Photographs  by  Edwin  M.  Lincoln.  New  York :  The 
Baker  &  Taylor  Co. 

THE  FIRST  BOOK  OF  BIRDS.  By  Olive  Thome  Miller. 
With  eight  colored  and  twelve  plain  plates,  and  twenty  figures 
in  the  text.  Boston  :  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

EVERY-DAT  BUTTERFLIES.  A  Group  of  Biographies.  By 
Samuel  Hubbard  Scudder.  With  71  Illustrations,  plain  and 
colored.  Boston :  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

ON  THE  BIRDS'  HIGHWAY.  By  Reginald  Heber  Howe,  Jr. 
With  photographic  illustrations  by  the  author  and  a  frontis- 
piece in  colors  from  a  painting  by  Louis  Agassiz  Fuertes. 
Boston  :  Small,  Maynard  &  Co. 


maximum  of  fern  lore  and  facts  of  biological 
interest.  The  illustrations  are  abundant  and 
well  executed.  The  work  cannot  fail  to  prove 
a  most  enticing  introduction  to  these  shy  inhab- 
itants of  our  woods  and  glens,  though  the  au- 
thor evidently  intends  —  an  intention  deserving 
commendation  —  that  the  ferns  shall  not  suffer 
as  a  result  of  her  efforts,  for  there  is  no  chap- 
ter devoted  to  methods  of  collecting  and  pre- 
serving fern  specimens. 

Two  books  upon  flowers  have  appeared  which 
differ  widely  in  method,  purpose,  and  execution. 
Miss  Going's  "  Field,  Forest,  and  Wayside 
Flowers  "  is  a  series  of  popular  essays  —  re- 
printed in  large  part  from  the  New  York  "  Even- 
ing Post "  and  the  "  Popular  Science  Monthly  " 
—  on  botanical  subjects  suggested  by  the  wax- 
ing and  waning  of  plant  life  through  the  chang- 
ing seasons  of  the  year  in  the  northeastern 
United  States.  The  work  contains,  in  very 
attractive  form,  much  information  concerning 
the  adaptations,  the  structural  peculiarities,  the 
physiological  activities  and  the  oscological  rela- 
tions of  many  of  our  common  flowering  plants. 
It  is  intended  for  general  readers  with  little 
knowledge  of  technical  terms,  rather  than  for 
students  afield,  though  the  latter  will  find  in 
its  pages  much  that  will  lend  zest  to  an  outing 
among  our  flowers  in  their  native  haunts.  It 
abounds  in  suggestions  for  observation  lessons. 
The  illustrations  are  abundant,  those  from  pho- 
tographs being  especially  commendable ;  but 
the  original  pen-and-ink  sketches  are  faulty  in 
execution,  and  suffer  by  contrast  with  the  re- 
printed figures. 

Miss  Lounsberry's  "  Guide  to  the  Wild 
Flowers,"  on  the  other  hand,  is  a  field  manual, 
a  sort  of  a  "  royal  road  "  to  a  quick  and  ready 
identification  of  our  common  and  most  striking 
flowering  plants.  In  this  book  all  principles 
of  systematic  classification  usually  found  in 
botanical  manuals  are  set  aside,  and  the  plants 
are  listed  according  to  their  haunts  and  asso- 
ciates. Thus,  we  find  grouped  together  the 
plants  which  grow  in  water,  in  dry  soil,  and  so 
on.  In  place  of  keys  for  identification  we  find 
abundant  and  most  excellent  illustrations,  many 
of  them  from  paintings  by  Mrs.  Rowan  repro- 
duced here  by  the  color-printing  process.  The 
descriptions  are  brief  and  simple,  and  are  skil- 
fully arranged  according  to  a  simple  system. 
The  author  has  also  given  for  each  of  the  spe- 
cies a  summary  of  the  plant  lore  and  the 
literary  allusions  appropriate  to  the  flower. 
Teachers  of  nature  work  will  find  in  this  book 
much  that  is  suggestive  and  helpful,  and  the 


14 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


unscientific  student  of  plants  will  find  it  a  con- 
venient handbook. 

The  "  First  Book  of  Birds,"  by  Mrs.  Olive 
Thome  Miller,  is  the  outgrowth  of  her  experi- 
ence in  talking  to  school  children  on  birds  and 
their  ways.  It  is  not  so  much  a  primer  in 
ornithology  as  it  is  an  appeal  to  the  sympathy 
of  children  and  an  effort  to  interest  them  in 
the  living  bird  "  neither  as  a  target  nor  as  a 
producer  of  eggs,  but  as  a  fellow-creature  whose 
acquaintance  it  would  be  pleasant  to  make." 
This  is  an  excellent  motive,  and  it  is  well  sus- 
tained throughout  the  book.  Perhaps  for  this 
reason  we  can  ignore  the  feeling  that  at  times 
the  facts  are  put  to  a  slight  tension. 

The  gentler  sex  has  no  monopoly  on  the 
authorship  of  science  works  of  popular  interest. 
"  Every-day  Butterflies,"  by  Dr.  Scudder,  is  a 
model  work  of  its  kind.  From  the  pen  of  a 
specialist,  the  book  is  authoritative  and  will 
command  the  interest  alike  of  the  biologist  and 
of  the  general  reader.  It  is  gratuitous  to  sug- 
gest that  it  is  dignified  in  statement  and  free 
from  the  extravagances  and  ofttimes  unwar- 
ranted inferences  that  occasionally  appear  in 
the  work  of  those  who  do  not  speak  from  ful- 
ness of  knowledge,  but  compile  at  random.  It 
is  a  plain  and  simple  story  of  the  life-histories 
of  sixty-two  of  our  common  butterflies,  all  of 
which  are  illustrated,  either  in  color  or  by  ex- 
cellent cuts.  The  species  are  discussed  in  the 
order  of  their  appearance  during  the  year,  and 
the  story  of  their  fleeting  lives  is  told  with 
wonderful  minuteness  of  detail  and  withal  with 
charming  simplicity  and  directness.  Students 
of  nature  and  teachers  of  nature  work  will  find 
this  book  a  mine  of  suggestive  information,  and 
one  well  fitted  to  impart  the  spirit  of  patient 
investigation  and  to  inculcate  the  habit  of  keen 
observation. 

Mr.  Howe  in  his  "  On  the  Birds'  Highway  " 
takes  his  readers  afield  on  a  series  of  ornitho- 
logical outings  at  various  seasons  of  the  year. 
One  spends  a  charming  winter's  day  among  the 
birds  on  the  sands  of  Ipswich,  and  another  in 
the  shadow  of  the  Presidential  Range.  The 
shores  of  Rhode  Island,  the  shadow  of  Wachu- 
sett,  and  the  "  Land  of  Norumbega  "  are  also 
visited.  We  are  introduced  to  summer  birds, 
to  the  resorters  along  Atlantic  beaches,  and 
to  the  frequenters  of  the  Adirondack  in  the 
early  autumn.  Indeed,  the  author  seems  to 
have  made  the  rounds  of  most  of  the  popular 
Eastern  resorts.  The  essays  are  pervaded  by 
a  decided  literary  flavor,  and  finished  with 
an  artistic,  and  at  times  poetic,  touch.  The  au- 


thor has  caught  the  spirit  of  the  forest  and 
shore,  and  his  chapters  breathe  the  monotony 
as  well  as  the  variety  of  nature.  The  book  is 
handsomely  gotten  up  and  the  illustrations  are 
a  fitting  complement  to  the  artistic  text. 

CHARLES  A.  KOFOID. 


SOME  RECENT  BOOKS  or  TRAVEL.* 

"  A  Thousand  Days  in  the  Arctic,"  by  Mr. 
Frederick  G.  Jackson,  describing  three  years' 
residence  and  exploration  in  Franz-Josef  Land, 
is  a  disappointing  book.  In  fact,  it  is  not  a 
book  at  all,  but  a  mere  aggregate  of  material 
for  a  book, —  as  diary,  letters,  reports,  etc.  We 
have  a  great  many  such  entries  as  :  "  At  2  A.  M. 
moderate  north  wind.  At  4  A.  M.  strong  north- 
east wind,  increasing  to  fresh  gale  at  noon  and 
gradually  decreasing  and  veering  at  8  p.  M.  to 
moderate  north  wind."  Or,  "  The  mate  came 
up  to  ask  if  I  can  let  them  have  a  little  paraffin, 
as  they  have  run  out  at  the  ship.  I  gave  him 
ten  gallons  to  go  on  with."  If  the  nine  hundred 
pages  had  been  reduced  to  three  hundred,  and 
the  material  well  written  up  in  chapters  on 
Polar  Bears,  Walrus,  Sledging  Journeys,  etc., 
we  should  have  had  a  travel  book  of  the  first 
class  instead  of  a  bare  record  without  literary 
quality.  Nor  can  we  speak  well  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  the  book,  it  being  a  heavy,  clumsy 
volume,  with  highly  glazed  paper. 

The  most  interesting  episode  in  the  work  is 
the  author's  dramatic  meeting  with  Nansen. 

"  On  our  approaching  each  other,  about  three  miles 
distant  from  the  land,  I  saw  a  tall  man  on  .*i-i,  with 
roughly-made  clothes,  and  an  old  felt  hat  on  his  head. 
He  was  covered  with  oil  and  grease,  and  black  from 
head  to  foot.  I  at  once  concluded  from  his  wearing  ski 
that  he  was  no  English  sailor,  but  that  he  must  be  a 
man  from  some  Norwegian  walrus  sloop  who  had  come 
to  grief,  and  wintered  somewhere  on  Franz-Josef  Land 
in  very  rough  circumstances.  His  hair  was  very  long 

•  A  THOUSAND  DATS  IK  THE  ARCTIC.  By  Frederick  G. 
Jackson.  With  Preface  by  Admiral  Sir  F.  Leopold  McCUn- 
tock,  R.  N.  Illustrated.  New  York :  Harper  A  Brothers. 

IN  TUB  KLONDYKB.  By  Frederick  Palmer.  Illustrated. 
New  York  :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

HIGHWAYS  AMD  BYWAYS  IN  DONEGAL  AND  ANTRIM.  By 
Stephen  Gwynn.  Illustrated  by  Hugh  Thompson.  New  York: 
The  Mmomillan  Co. 

IN  MODERN  SPAIN.  By  Reginald  St.  Barbe.  London  : 
Kl  Hot  Stock. 

ACROSS  INDIA  AT  THE  DAWN  or  THE  20ra  CENTURY. 
By  Lucy  E.  OuinneM.  Illustrated.  Chicago:  Fleming  11. 
Rerell  Co. 

IN  AFRIC'S  FOREST  AND  JUNGLE  ;  or,  Six  Yean  Among 
the  Yorubans.  By  Key.  R.  H.  Stone.  Illustrated.  Chicago  : 
Fleming  H.  Revell  Co. 

FROM  SEA  TO  SEA.  Letters  of  Travel.  By  Rudyard  Kip- 
ling. New  York  :  Donbleday  A  McClure  Co. 


1899.] 


15 


and  dirty,  his  complexion  appeared  to  be  fair,  but  dirt 
prevented  me  from  being  sure  on  the  point,  and  his 
beard  was  straggly  and  dirty  also.  We  shook  hands 
heartily,  and  I  expressed  the  greatest  pleasure  at  seeing 
him.  I  inquired  if  he  had  a  ship.  « No,'  he  replied, 
'  my  ship  is  not  here,'  —  rather  sadly  I  thought, —  and 
then  he  remarked,  in  reply  to  my  question,  that  he  had 
only  one  companion,  who  was  at  the  floe  edge.  It  then 
struck  me  that  his  features,  in  spite  of  the  black  grease 
and  long  hair  and  beard,  resembled  Nansen,  whom  I 
had  met  once  in  London  before  he  started  in  1893,  and 
I  exclaimed,  «  Are  n't  you  Nansen  ?  '  to  which  he  re- 
plied, 'Yes,  I  am  Nansen.'  With  much  heartiness  I 
shook  him  warmly  by  the  hand  and  said,  '  By  Jove,  I  'm 

d d  glad  to  see  you,'  and  congratulated  him  on  his 

safe  arrival.  Then  I  inquired,  « Where  have  you  come 
from  ? '  He  gave  me  a  brief  sketch  of  what  had  oc- 
curred, and  replied, '  I  left  the  "  Fram  "  in  84°  north  lat- 
itude and  102°  east  longitude  after  drifting  for  two  years, 
and  I  reached  the  86°  15'  parallel,  and  I  have  now 
come  here." 

Mr.  Jackson  had  much  experience  with  bears 
and  walrus,  and  mentions  some  observations  of 
interest, —  for  instance,  of  a  walrus  lying  on 
his  back,  digging  through  the  ice  with  his  tusks. 
Ponies  were  found  useful  in  the  sledge  jour- 
neys, and  one  pony  even  learned  to  eat  bear- 
meat  with  relish.  The  scientific  results  of  the 
expedition  were  considerable,  and  to  some  ex- 
tent are  embodied  in  the  appendices.  The 
maps  are  good,  the  photographic  illustrations 
only  fair. 

Mr.  Frederick  Palmer's  "  In  the  Klondyke  " 
is  a  lively,  sketchy,  well  illustrated  book,  de- 
scribing a  trip  made  in  the  spring  of  1898, 
during  the  great  rush,  when  thirty-five  thousand 
pilgrims  poured  into  the  Klondyke.  The  ex- 
citing pioneer  life,  with  its  vast  variety  of  char- 
acters, is  very  cleverly  drawn.  The  first  boat 
into  Dawson  had  a  cargo  of  two  hundred  dozen 
eggs,  for  which  the  dealer,  "  a  proud  Seattle- 
ite,"  received  $3,600  in  less  than  an  hour  after 
he  had  landed. 

"  Those  of  the  crowd  who  could  afford  it  hurried  off 
to  the  restaurant  for  a  '  squar ' '  composed  entirely  of 
'  ham  and.'  The  others,  having  to  bide  their  time  until 
luxuries  were  cheaper,  found  compensation  in  the  items 

of  news  which  were  passed  from  tongue  to  tongue, 

for  it  had  not  occurred  to  the  Seattleite  to  bring  a 
newspaper  with  him.  « Thought  there  was  more  money 
in  eggs,'  was  his  aggravating  explanation.  « 'Sposed  you 
fellers  wanted  to  eat,  not  to  read.'  As  he  had  heard  it, 
within  a  week  after  the  declaration  of  war  with  Spain, 
the  cruiser  "New  York,"  Captain  Evans  in  command, 
had  reduced  the  fortifications  of  Havana  in  three  hours. 
The  second  Cheechawko  to  arrive  assured  us  that  this 
was  quite  untrue,  and  that  two  of  Admiral  Sampson's 
squadron  had  been  sunk  and  the  Spaniards  were  win- 
ning on  every  hand.  The  crowd  refused  to  believe  any- 
thing of  the  kind,  and  the  second  Cheechawko  received 
only  $14.  a  dozen  for  his  eggs.  With  the  next  boat 
came  a  single  newspaper,  soiled  with  bacon  grease.  A 


curbstone  speculator  bought  it  for  fifteen  dollars,  stuffed 
it  instantly  into  his  inside  coat  pocket,  and  a  few  min- 
utes later  was  posting  signs  to  the  effect  that  all  might 
hear  the  news  of  Admiral  Dewey's  victory  read  by  pay- 
ing a  dollar  apiece  that  evening.  His  entertainment 
would  have  netted  him  twice  as  much  as  it  did  if  more 
than  three  hundred  and  fifty  people  could  have  been 
packed  in  the  hall  in  which  it  was  held.  Some  of  the 
wealthy  men  considered  this  proceeding  an  outrage  on 
personal  liberty,  and  made  it  a  point  to  buy  between 
them  any  single  copy  of  a  paper  later  than  any  others 
that  had  arrived  and  have  it  read  at  once  in  the  streets." 

We  find  in  this  book  a  very  readable  and  ap- 
parently accurate  account  of  the  trails,  of  Daw- 
son  and  its  life,  of  miners  and  mining,  and  of 
government  and  its  policy,  as  they  were  in  the 
spring  and  summer  of  1898. 

"  Highways  and  Byways  in  Donegal  and 
Antrim,"  by  Mr.  Stephen  Gwynn,  is  a  pleas- 
antly written  guide-book,  from  a  cyclist  point 
of  view,  to  the  northwestern  Irish  coast,  "  from 
the  wildest  corners  of  the  West,  where  Irish 
is  still  the  language  even  of  trade,  business, 
and  schools,  into  the  very  neighborhood  of 
prosperous,  commercial,  up-to-date  Belfast." 
As  seeking  to  lure  the  visitor  to  this  part  of 
Ireland,  it  must  be  pronounced  successful.  It 
contains  much  on  the  history  and  customs  of 
the  people,  and  throws  light  on  the  peasantry 
past  and  present.  One  important  recommend- 
ation is  worth  quoting  for  the  benefit  of  tour- 
ists everywhere. 

"  There  is  one  point  which  every  Irishman  writing  a 
book  for  Englishmen  in  his  country  would  wish  to  im- 
press, and  that  is  to  beg  that  tourists  will  not  spoil  the 
countryside  by  indiscriminate  generosity.  Killarney 
with  its  swarming  beggars  is  an  awful  example.  Even 
on  the  Antrim  Coast  small  boys  pursue  the  car  or  bicy- 
cle clamoring  for  pennies,  and  expect,  on  the  beaten 
line  of  travel,  to  be  paid  for  telling  you  the  way.  In 
Donegal  happily  none  of  these  things  exist." 

The  numerous  drawings  by  Mr.  Hugh  Thom- 
son are  good,  and  a  refreshing  change  from 
the  inartistic  photographic  illustrations  now  so 
common. 

Mr.  Keginald  St.  Barbe's  little  book  "  In 
Modern  Spain  "  is  a  series  of  slight  impression- 
ist sketches  on  such  topics  as  the  Prado, 
"  Manana,"  Bull-fights,  Village  Fiesta,  Spanish 
Newspapers  in  the  War,  etc.  They  well  con- 
vey the  spirit  of  the  country,  and  are  pleas- 
antly written. 

"  Across  India  at  the  Dawn  of  the  Twentieth 
Century,"  by  Miss  Lucy  E.  Guinness,  is  a  very 
ardent  missionary  book  by  one  of  the  most 
noted  of  English  evangelists.  We  have  glimpses 
of  mission  work  as  seen  in  a  three  months'  tour 
through  the  principal  missionary  centres,  and 


16 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


there  is  a  summary,  gleaned  from  various 
sources,  for  the  empire  as  a  whole,  making  a 
very  popular  and  vigorous  sketch.  It  is  illus- 
trated with  many  diagrams  and  photographic 
pictures. 

Another  missionary  book  is  "  In  Afric's 
Forest  and  Jungle,"  by  Mr.  R.  II.  Stone.  It  is 
largely  concerned  with  the  appearance  of  the 
country  and  people,  and  with  native  wars  in 
the  section  of  Africa  between  the  Bight  of 
Benin  and  the  Niger  River.  Here  is  a  lively 
description  of  a  party  <  >  F  Kroos : 

"  The  Kroos  live  almost  entirely  on  rice,  and  the  quan- 
tity they  can  eat  at  a  single  sitting  is  quite  incredible. 
I  once  saw  a  party  take  breakfast  and  I  never  shall 
forget  the  incident.  Several  Kroos  formed  a  circle 
around  a  vessel  full  of  steaming  hot  rice.  The  leader 
pot  in  his  hand,  took  a  quantity,  tossed  it  over  and  over 
until  it  assumed  the  form  of  a  ball  about  the  size  of  a 
baseball  and  then  pitched  it  into  his  widely  distended 
mouth.  As  he  was  swallowing  the  mass  he  gave  bis 
body  a  snake-like  squirm  so  as  to  leave  as  much  space 
as  possible  for  more  to  follow.  All  the  others  of  the 
party  followed  the  example  of  their  leader,  going  round 
and  round  with  clock-like  regularity  until  the  rice  was 
all  gone.  By  this  time  their  stomachs  were  distended 
like  those  of  cattle  in  early  summer." 

This  book  is  a  simple,  direct  account,  and 
touches  on  some  points  not  often  mentioned  by 
other  writers. 

"  From  Sea  to  Sea,"  by  Rudyard  Kipling,  is 
a  resuscitation  of  letters  of  travel  on  India, 
Burmah,  China,  Japan,  and  America.  Mr. 
Kipling  prefaces  this  book  with  the  remark 
that  he  has  been  forced  to  collect  these  news- 
paper letters  of  1887  to  1889  "  by  the  enter- 
prise of  various  publishers,  who,  not  content 
with  disinterring  old  newspaper  work  from  the 
decent  seclusion  of  the  office  files,  have  in  sev- 
eral instances  seen  fit  to  embellish  it  with  addi- 
tions and  interpolations."  This  purely  com- 
mercial remark  rather  prejudices  the  critic  at 
the  start ;  and  we  regret  that  the  impression  is 
confirmed  by  perusal.  These  letters  are  quite 
too  journalistic,  crude,  smart,  and  diffuse  to 
warrant  taking  any  place  in  the  acknowledged 
works  of  Rudyard  Kipling.  We  quote  this 
paragraph  (a  fair  sample)  on  Chicago : 

"  I  have  struck  a  city,  —  a  real  city,  —  and  they  call 
it  Chicago.  The  other  places  do  not  count.  San  Francisco 
is  a  pleasure  resort  as  well  as  a  city,  and  Salt  Lake  was 
a  phenomenon.  This  place  is  the  first  American  city  I 
have  encountered.  It  holds  rather  more  than  a  million 
people  with  bodies,  and  stands  on  the  same  sort  of  soil 
as  Calcutta.  Having  seen  it,  I  urgently  desire  never  to 
see  it  again.  It  is  inhabited  by  savages.  Its  water  is 
the  water  of  the  Hngli,  and  its  air  is  dirt.  Also  it  says 
that  it  is  the  <  boss '  town  of  America." 

HIRAM  M.  STANLEY. 


THE  GENTLE  AKT  OF  GARDENING.* 

From  Abel  to  Virgil,  and  from  Virgil  to  the 
present  time,  that  branch  of  human  endeavor  which 
the  encyclopaedias  style  "  Gardening  ;  see  Horticul- 
ture "  has  been  held  in  high  favor  among  gods  and 
men.  If  it  is  to  the  sturdier  elder  brother,  Agri- 
culture, that  we  owe  the  staff  of  life  and  the  few- 
score  plants  which  afford  us  most  of  our  sustenance, 
such  joys  as  the  strawberry  and  the  prettily  deli- 
cious family  of  small  fruits,  the  herbs  that  lend 
flavor  to  life,  and  the  trees,  shrubs,  and  flowers  that 
blossom  within  our  days,  are  all  within  the  province 
of  the  gardener  as  Miss  Gertrude  Jekyll  practices 
the  gentle  art.  Though  her  admirable  book,  ••  Wood 
and  Garden,"  lacks  the  literary  charm  that  apper- 
tains to  "  Oar  Gardens  "  as  seen  by  her  distin- 
guished co-laborer,  the  Very  Reverend  S.  Reynolds 
Hole,  dean  of  Rochester,  it  is  none  the  less  a  book 
with  a  distinction  and  fascination  of  its  own. 

One  of  the  things  —  assuredly  the  chief  thing  — 
which  distinguishes  the  work  of  Miss  Jekyll  from 
all  of  its  kind  is  the  attention  she  has  paid  to  that 
lost  sister  among  the  seven,  the  sense  of  smell. 
Physiologists  like  Mr.  Havelock  Ellis  would  have 
us  believe  that  woman  is  lacking  in  the  useful  and 
neglected  faculty  of  discerning  and  discriminating 
odors.  But  if  this  be  true,  Miss  Jekyll  it  is  whose 
exceptional  gifts  in  this  direction  proved  a  rule  to 
the  contrary.  "  Passing  upward  through  the  copse," 
she  writes  of  April,  "  the  warm  air  draws  a  fra- 
grance almost  as  sweet,  but  infinitely  more  subtle 
[than  that  of  sweetbriar],  from  the  fresh  green  of 
the  young  birches  ;  it  is  like  a  distant  whiff  of  lilies 
of  the  valley."  There  is  not  one  man  in  a  hundred 
who  knows  of  the  delicate  scents  from  bourgeoning 
leafage  in  April,  such  odoriferous  joys  as  inhere  in 
the  bursting  shoots  of  the  hackmatack  or  the  great 
cotton  woods.  But  Miss  Jekyll  has  so  far  progressed 
in  the  art  that  she  is  able  to  devote  a  chapter,  almost 
unique,  to  "  The  Scents  of  the  Garden,"  beginning 
it  with  a  sentence  which  has  in  it  the  root  of  the 
whole  matter :  "  The  sweet  scents  of  a  garden  are 
by  no  means  the  least  of  its  many  delights."  From 
this  grows  a  most  exquisite  essay  on  smells  that 
are  not  merely  "  sweet,"  but  spicy,  and  suggestive, 
and  balmy,  and  so  near  to  stenches  that  no  hard 
and  fast  line  can  be  drawn ;  for  the  connoisseurs 
in  such  matters  know  that  distance  —  and  almost 
homoeopathic  dilution  —  can  lend  enchantment  to 
carrion  itself.  This  is  true  of  some  tropical  plants  : 
the  tuberose  in  warmer  countries,  the  jasmines  and 
some  of  the  lilies ;  even,  as  is  recorded  here,  the 
Balm  of  Gilead  (Cedronella  triphylla)  in  England, 
all  hover  over  the  dividing  line  between  delight  and 
disgust.  It  suffices,  this  interesting  chapter,  to  call 
to  mind  the  slender  tributes  brought  by  the  poets 

•  WOOD  AMD  GAKDKN  :  Notes  and  Thought*,  Practical  and 
Critical,  of  a  Working  Amateur.  By  Gertrude  Jekyll.  New 
York  :  Longman*,  Green,  &  Co. 

OUB  GARDENS.  By  S.  Reynolds  Hole.  New  York :  The 
Macmillan  Co. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


17 


to  a  charming  and  sadly  neglected  source  of  pleas- 
ure and  instruction.  But  it  would  be  doing  Miss 
Jekyll's  volume  an  injustice  to  leave  the  impression 
that  its  excellence  is  all  bound  up  in  this  nicety  of 
olfactory  discernment.  The  ancient  question  of  art 
and  nature  crops  out  in  dissertations  scattered 
through  the  book  on  the  possibilities  of  cultivation 
and  domestication  in  detracting  from  as  well  as 
adding  to  the  delights  brought  by  flowers.  The 
author  shows  more  than  one  case  of  real  degenera- 
tion, of  colors  made  ugly  and  forms  made  uncouth 
by  gardeners  lacking  in  taste.  There  is,  too,  a  most 
useful  following  of  the  plants  from  January  through 
December,  making  one  wish  for  such  a  climate  as 
the  south  of  England,  where  flowers  out  of  doors 
are  possible  in  each  of  the  twelve  months. 

If  one  looks  to  Dean  Hole  for  a  higher  literary 
perfection  in  his  amiable  discourse  upon  "  Our 
Gardens,"  one  hardly  expects  at  the  same  time  to 
find  a  greater  exhibition  of  technical  knowledge 
than  that  displayed  by  his  gentle  fellow-author  and 
fellow-enthusiast.  But  the  versatile  cleric  proves 
himself  no  less  adept  in  dealing  with  matters  of 
somewhat  recondite  botany.  Such  a  book  for  the 
gardener  as  Izaak  Walton  wrote  for  the  fisherman 
or  Gilbert  White  for  the  naturalist  has  yet  to  be 
written  ;  but  something  of  the  reward  which  will  fall 
to  the  successful  performer  of  this  graceful  task  falls 
to  Dean  Hole  here,  as  it  has  already  fallen  to  Jef- 
frey in  the  matter  of  the  field  flowers.  For  his  work 
teems  with  delicate  scholarship,  now  Greek,  now 
Latin,  now  a  harking  back  to  reproach  Lord  Baeon 
for  what  he  did  not  know  about  gardening  or  to 
praise  Addison  for  being  in  advance  of  his  time, 
horticulturally  speaking,  and  now  citing  the  modern- 
est  of  instances  in  a  manner  he  has  made  almost 
peculiar  to  himself,  until  the  reader  wonders  if  all 
cultivation,  after  all,  does  not  come  to  the  same 
thing,  and  culture  and  horticulture  differ  only  as  a 
part  from  the  whole.  "  What  is  the  garden  for?  " 
he  asks  a  "  middle-aged  nymph,"  and  she  tells  him  : 
"  For  the  soul,  sir,  for  the  soul  of  the  poet !  For 
visions  of  the  invisible,  for  grasping  the  intangible, 
for  hearing  the  inaudible,  for  exaltations,"  and  a 
page  or  two  later  there  is  a  sigh  for  what  might 
have  befallen  the  dinner  were  the  garden  unknown  : 
"  No  tomatoes  for  the  soup,  no  cucumbers  for  the 
salmon,  no  new  potatoes,  no  crisp  salad,  no  mint 
sauce  for  the  lamb,  no  peas  for  the  duck,  no  apples 
for  the  goose,  —  "  proving  the  art  to  be  not  less 
worthy  of  the  inner  than  the  outer  poet. 

It  is  summer  now,  when  nature  herself  is  supple- 
menting the  plentiful  illustrations  of  these  two  books 
in  her  own  inimitable  manner  ;  yet  the  volumes  will 
furnish  the  letter-press  for  a  better  understanding 
of  the  part  man  plays  when  he  leads  with  sympathy 
and  reverence  the  footsteps  of  the  Great  Mother. 
And  when  the  winter  frosts  have  left  us  sighing  anew 
for  the  climate  of  southern  England,  these  pages  will 
refresh  the  weariest  with  the  thought  of  coming 

greenery  and  bloom. 

WALLACE  RICE. 


RECENT  FICTION.* 


It  is  now  something  like  twelve  years  since  a 
novel  called  "  The  New  Antigone,"  published  anony- 
mously, attracted  widespread  attention  on  account 
of  its  somewhat  audacious  treatment  of  the  problem 
of  love  without  legal  sanction.  When  it  transpired 
that  the  novel  had  been  written  by  Dr.  William 
Barry,  a  Catholic  priest,  it  seemed  still  more  remark- 
able, because  clerical  novelists,  when  they  handle 
such  subjects  at  all,  are  apt  to  do  it  gingerly,  and 
with  much  parade  of  didacticism.  But  here  was  a 
clerical  writer  who  frankly  accepted  the  artistic 
rule  of  leaving  the  moral  implicit,  instead  of  forc- 
ing it  upon  the  reader's  attention.  The  moral  was 
unquestionably  there,  but  the  book  gave  offense  to 
too  many  people  who  would  like  to  exclude  certain 
subjects  altogether  from  literary  treatment.  Now, 
after  this  long  silence,  we  have  a  second  novel,  this 
time  acknowledged,  from  the  same  hand.  It  is 
called  "  The  Two  Standards,"  —  a  title  suggested 
by  the  "  Spiritual  Exercises  of  St.  Ignatius," —  and 
this  is  to  be  taken  in  the  obvious  sense.  That  is, 
the  two  ideals  that  struggle  for  the  mastery  over 
the  two  human  souls  in  whom  our  interest  chiefly 
centres  are,  on  the  one  hand,  the  ideal  of  worldly 
prosperity  and  sensual  gratification ;  on  the  other, 

*  THE  Two  STANDARDS.  By  William  Barry.  New  York : 
The  Century  Co. 

THE  RAPIN.  By  Henry  De  Vere  Stacpoole.  New  York : 
Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

DROSS.  By  Henry  Seton  Merriman.  Chicago :  Herbert  8. 
Stone  &  Co. 

IDOLS.    By  William  J.  Locke.    New  York :  John  Lane. 

A  DUET,  with  an  Occasional  Chorus.  By  A.  Conan  Doyle. 
New  York  :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

YOUNG  LIVES.  By  Richard  Le  Gallienne.  New  York  : 
John  Lane. 

THE  BLACK  DOUGLAS.  By  S.  R.  Crockett.  New  York  : 
Doubleday  &  HcClure  Co. 

THE  SILVER  CROSS.  By  S.  R.  Keightley.  New  York: 
Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

PHAROS,  THE  EGYPTIAN  :  A  Romance.  By  Guy  Boothby. 
New  York :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

THE  ENCHANTED  STONE.  By  Lewis  Hind.  New  York  : 
Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

THE  CAPSINA.  By  E.  F.  Benson.  New  York :  Harper  & 
Brothers. 

THE  BROTHERS  OF  THE  PEOPLE.  By  Fred.  Whishaw. 
New  York :  M.  F.  Mansfield  &  Co. 

THE  PASSION  OF  ROSAMUND  KEITH.  By  Martin  J.  Pritch- 
ard.  Chicago :  Herbert  S.  Stone  &  Co. 

ONE  POOR  SCRUPLE.  A  Seven  Weeks'  Story.  By  Mrs. 
Wilfrid  Ward.  New  York  :  Longmans,  Green,  &  Co. 

LATITUDE  19°.  A  Romance  of  the  West  Indies  in  the  Year 
of  Our  Lord  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Twenty.  By  Mrs.  Schuy- 
ler  Crowninshield.  New  York  :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

ESPIRITU  SANTO.  A  Novel.  By  Henrietta  Dana  Skinner. 
New  York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

RAGGED  LADY.  A  Novel.  By  W.  D.  Howells.  New 
York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  PROCESSION  OF  LIFE.  A  Novel.  By  Horace  Annesley 
Vachell.  New  York  :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

THE  AWKWARD  AGE.  A  Novel.  By  Henry  James.  New 
York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  MARKET-PLACE.  By  Harold  Frederic.  New  York : 
Frederic  A.  Stokes  Co. 


18 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


the  ideal  of  renunciation  and  spiritual  triumph. 
The  story  reminds  us  not  a  little  of  "  Evelyn 
Innes,"  although  not  brought  to  so  conclusive  a  ter- 
mination. In  both  there  is  a  woman  tempted,  and 
in  both  music  is  made  the  means  of  temptation. 
But  in  the  cace  of  Dr.  Barry's  novel,  we  are  left 
in  no  doubt  whatever  of  the  reality  of  the  spiritual 
recoil  of  the  heroine.  '•  The  Two  Standards  "  is  an 
improvement  upon  "  The  New  Antigone "  in  its 
strictly  literary  aspects,  although  it  is  still  too  rhe- 
torical, too  overloaded  with  discursive  reflection. 
We  lose  sight  of  the  story  for  long  periods,  but  it 
must  be  admitted  that  during  these  periods  we  have 
for  recompense  the  constant  contact  with  an  acute 
and  brilliant  intellect  For  it  is  evident  that  the 
author's  life  has  not  been  cloistered  in  any  deaden- 
ing sense ;  he  has  not  lost  sight  of  the  intellectual 
and  artistic  currents  of  the  age ;  he  has  realized 
that  the  problems  of  life  are  to  be  faced  and  not 
ignored.  In  brief,  the  book  has  so  many  fine  qual- 
ities that  its  technical  shortcomings  considered  in 
the  light  of  mere  fiction  do  not  impel  us  to  deal 
with  it  harshly,  or  to  make  our  final  word  anything 
but  one  of  praise. 

It  is  a  "  Boheme  "  something  like  that  of  Henri 
Murger  —  or  as  nearly  like  it  as  possible  under  mod- 
ern conditions  —  into  which  we  are  taken  by  "  The 
Rapin,"  a  story  by  Mr.  Henry  De  Vere  Stacpoole. 
The  chief  variant  from  Murger's  theme  is  that  the 
hero  is  not  naturalized  in  the  Pays  Latin,  being 
rather  an  aristocratic  youth  of  the  Rive  Droite  who 
takes  up  his  abode  in  Bohemia  to  escape  from  the 
emptiness  of  his  former  fashionable  surroundings. 
How  he  lives  there  with  Celestin,  but  wearies  of  that 
life  no  less  than  of  the  other,  how  he  is  bled  by  vari- 
ous sorts  of  parasites,  how  he  discovers  that  he  is  an 
artist  only  in  the  flattering  words  of  his  interested 
followers,  how  Ce'lestin  dies  of  pneumonia,  and  her 
lover  goes  back  to  conventionality,  —  all  these 
things,  and  many  more,  are  told  with  much  anima- 
tion and  some  humor  in  this  book  of  "  The  Rapin." 
Some  of  the  minor  characters,  too,  are  engagingly 
interesting  —  Gaillard  the  poet,  and  the  people 
whom  he  invents  upon  the  spur  of  the  moment, 
Pelisson  the  journalist,  and  Nani  the  vicious  old 
roue  who  plays  his  patrons  such  tricks.  As  for  the 
hero,  who  is  called  Toto,  we  will  simply  say  that 
the  name  fits  him  like  a  glove. 

Mr.  Merriman's  novels  have  always  reminded  us 
of  something  vaguely  familiar,  but  it  was  not  until 
reading  "  Dross  "  the  other  day  that  the  reminis 
cence  took  concrete  shape.  In  the  crisp  precision 
of  his  manner,  in  his  exhibition  of  the  dry  sort  of 
intellectuality  that  never  allows  emotion  to  get  the 
upper  hand,  in  his  display  of  wide  interests  and 
information,  and,  we  must  add,  in  his  inability  to 
sound  more  than  half-way  the  depths  of  the  soul  — 
he  writes  as  does  M.  Cherbuliez,  and  makes  to  his 
readers  much  the  same  sort  of  appeal.  "  Dross," 
which  is  certainly  as  good  as  the  best  of  his  pre- 
vious work,  is  a  novel  of  the  annee  terrible,  although 
the  sinister  happenings  of  that  period  are  kept  well 


in  the  background,  and  serve  but  ax  the  framework 
for  a  tale  of  private  life,  suitably  romantic,  and 
waxing  into  melodrama  for  one  brief  hour.  The 
author's  characters  are  not  all  clearly  realized,  and 
his  whole  story  is  based  upon  a  vast  structural  im- 
probability, but  the  management  of  it  all  is  so 
ingenious,  and  the  minor  technique  BO  admirable, 
that  it  amply  fulfils  its  promise  —  made  manifest  in 
the  opening  pages,  of  an  hour  of  exceptionally 
pleasant  entertainment. 

One  or  two  of  his  previous  novels,  "  Derelicts  " 
in  particular,  have  accustomed  us  to  expect  good  lit- 
erary workmanship  from  Mr.  William  J.  Locke, 
and  his  new  novel,  called  "  Idols,"  brings  with  it 
no  disappointment.  Yet  it  does  not  seem  to  be  of 
his  very  best,  and  its  failure  to  reach  his  previous 
high  standard  is  probably  attributable  to  a  resort 
to  something  suspiciously  like  melodrama,  and  his 
evident  determination  to  create  a  startling  situation, 
at  whatever  cost  of  probability.  The  woman  who 
commits  perjury  to  save  a  friend,  and  who  at  the 
same  time  deliberately  assumes  —  as  far  as  the  eye 
of  the  public  is  concerned  —  the  role  of  a  dishon- 
ored wife,  acts  in  a  way  that  only  casuistry  can 
justify,  and  the  purity  of  her  motive  cannot  con- 
done the  offense.  Such  is  the  substance  of  the 
tragic  story  that  Mr.  Locke  has  woven  for  us,  and, 
interesting  as  it  is,  there  is  an  ethically  unwhole- 
some flavor  that  remains,  while  the  interest  fades 
in  the  memory. 

Dr.  Conan  Doyle  must  have  great  confidence  in 
his  public,  judging  from  the  experiments  that  he 
tries  upon  it  from  time  to  time.  Since  his  deserved 
early  successes  in  historical  romance,  he  has  pro- 
duced a  series  of  books  in  various  manners  that 
were  either  confessed  pot-boilers,  and  consequently 
calling  for  no  serious  consideration,  or  attempts  to 
do  things  for  which  he  had  obviously  no  aptitude 
whatever.  His  latest  book  touches  what  we  must 
believe  to  be  the  very  bottom  of  the  pit  into  which 
he  has  fallen.  For  absolute  imbecility  it  would  be 
hard  to  match  a  book  of  which  the  following  extract 
is  fairly  illustrative : 

"  For  the  underground  railway  is  blessed  as  regards 
privacy  above  all  other  lines,  and  where  could  a  loving 
couple  be  more  happy  who  have  been  torn  apart  by 
cruel  fate  for  seven  long  hours  or  so  ?  It  was  with  a 
groan  that  Frank  remarked  that  they  had  reached 
Mark  Lane. 

"  '  Bother  ! '  said  Maude,  and  wondered  if  there  was 
any  shop  near  where  she  could  buy  hairpins.  As  every 
lady  knows  or  will  know  there  is  a  very  intimate  con- 
nection between  hairpins  and  a  loviug  husband." 

There  are  whole  chapters  of  this  maudlin  drivel ; 
in  fact,  there  is  little  else.  The  story  is  concerned 
with  nothing  under  the  sun  but  the  courtship  and 
early  married  life  of  two  commonplace  young  peo- 
ple, described  in  the  minutest  detail.  It  should 
have  appeared  (and  remained  buried)  in  ••  The 
Ladies'  Home  Journal." 

After  this  book,  even  Mr.  Le  Gallienne's  "  Young 
Lives,"  which  is  also  concerned  with  the  same  cal- 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


19 


low  period  in  the  development  of  its  characters, 
seems  fresh  and  delightful  reading,  although  a  nor- 
mal critical  judgment  would  doubtless  feel  bound 
to  bear  down  rather  heavily  upon  its  sentimental- 
ism  and  lack  of  any  sort  of  virility.  But  there  is 
a  curious  mixture  of  strength  with  weakness  in  this, 
as  in  the  author's  other  books,  and,  unsatisfactory 
as  it  may  be  in  some  aspects,  in  others  it  compels 
our  admiration  for  its  delicacy  and  its  insight.  For 
example,  it  gives  us  such  a  glimpse  as  no  writer 
could  have  imagined  of  the  inner  life  of  middle- 
class  nonconformist  society  in  Liverpool.  The  au- 
thor has  clearly  lived  that  life  in  his  youth,  and 
knows  it  from  the  inside.  However,  this  is  no  new 
thing  for  readers  of  Mr.  Le  Gallienne's  books,  but 
merely  the  restatement  of  a  familiar  and  redeeming 
quality.  "  Young  Lives  "  is  a  pleasant  little  book, 
marred  by  but  one  very  conspicuous  fault  of  taste, 
which  may  be  found  in  the  chapter  entitled  "  The 
Wits."  Here  the  hero,  a  youth  with  aspirations 
toward  literature,  is  introduced  to  a  London  gath- 
ering, among  whom  it  is  very  easy  to  pick  out  cer- 
tain actual  individuals.  The  "  learned  homunculus  " 
is  not  difficult  to  identify,  nor  is  the  "  short,  firmly 
built  clerkly  fellow,  with  a  head  like  a  billiard-ball 
in  need  of  a  shave,  a  big  brown  moustache,  and  enor- 
mous spectacles."  These  things  by  themselves 
would  not  be  so  bad,  but  the  author  goes  rather  be- 
yond the  limit  when  he  brings  himself  into  the  com- 
pany with  the  following  sentence  :  "  There  entered 
a  tall  young  man  with  a  long,  thin  face,  curtained 
on  either  side  with  enormous  masses  of  black  hair, 
like  a  slip  of  the  young  moon  glimmering  through 
a  pine-wood."  Presently  this  "  moon-in-the-pine- 
wood  "  apparition  is  contrasted  with  the  billiard- 
headed  and  bespectacled  individual  in  the  following 
terms :  "  That  is  our  young  apostle  of  sentiment, 
our  new  man  of  feeling,  the  best-hated  man  we 
have ;  and  the  other  is  our  young  apostle  of  blood. 
He  is  all  for  muscle  and  brutality  and  he  makes  all 
the  money.  .  .  .  But  my  impression  is  that  our 
young  man  of  feeling  will  have  his  day, —  though 
he  will  have  to  wait  for  it."  The  naivete  of  this 
observation  is  so  refreshing  that  one  almost  forgets 
that  it  should  have  been  left  to  someone  else  to 
make. 

In  "  The  Black  Douglas,"  Mr.  Crockett  takes 
for  his  subject  the  fall  of  the  great  house  that  dom- 
inates the  picturesque  tradition  of  fifteenth  century 
Scotland.  He  varies  his  theme,  however,  by  intro- 
ducing the  sinister  figure  of  Gilles  de  Retz,  and  the 
latter  half  of  the  romance  takes  us  to  France  and 
tells  the  grewsome  story  that  Dumas  has  embodied 
in  "  Les  Louves  de  Machecoul."  There  is  no  new 
thing  in  this  romance,  and  no  new  manner ;  the 
book  is  a  typical  example  of  Mr.  Crockett's  work- 
manship, exhibiting  its  virtues  and  its  defects. 
Among  the  latter,  garrulity  has  always  been  prom- 
inent, and  in  the  present  instance  it  seems  to  have 
grown  upon  the  writer. 

We  have  previously  expressed  the  opinion  that 
Mr.  S.  R.  Keightley  was  quite  as  ingenious  as  Mr. 


Weyman  as  an  artificer  of  what  has  come  to  be  of 
late  years  the  popular  sort  of  historical  romance. 
This  opinion  is  fortified  by  "The  Silver  Cross," 
which,  if  it  be  not  quite  equal  to  "  The  Cavaliers," 
is  all  that  one  could  reasonably  expect  of  such  a 
book.  The  story  is  concerned  with  the  intrigues 
of  Madame  de  Chevreuse  against  Cardinal  Maz- 
arin,  and  is  packed  with  excitement  of  the  most 
romantic  sort.  Books  of  this  pattern  are  usually  as 
much  alike  as  so  many  peas,  and  the  conventional 
pattern  is  followed  by  Mr.  Keightley,  but  this  is  no 
reproach  to  a  narrative  that  is  so  successful  in  pro- 
viding entertainment  for  its  readers. 

Mr.  Guy  Boothby  seems  to  have  taken  the  hint 
that  his  public  is  a  little  tired  of  Dr.  Nikola,  and 
has  ostensibly  shelved  that  fiendish  individual.  Yet 
we  cannot  help  feeling  that  it  is  the  same  malignant 
personality  that  lurks  beneath  the  mask  of  Pharos 
the  Egyptian  in  Mr.  Boothby's  new  novel.  Pharos, 
we  learn,  was  master  of  the  magicians  at  the  court 
of  the  Pharoah  of  the  Exodus,  and  found  his  arts 
pitted  against  those  of  Moses,  much  to  his  discom- 
fiture. In  due  time,  he  became  a  mummy,  but  he 
really  did  n't  die  at  all,  getting  in  some  unexplained 
way  a  new  frame  in  which  to  prowl  about  the  world. 
Thus  we  are  introduced  to  him  in  the  nineteenth 
century,  concerned  with  getting  possession  of  his 
own  mummy  (which  has  been  brought  to  England 
by  an  Egyptologist),  and  also  with  a  diabolical 
scheme  for  getting  even  with  mankind  by  infecting 
Europe  with  the  plague.  How  he  accomplishes 
these  ends,  making  an  English  artist  his  unwitting 
accomplice,  and  how  he  finally  dies  (for  good,  let 
us  hope),  is  told  us  in  Mr.  Boothby's  romance, 
which  finds  no  trick  of  sensationalism  too  cheap  to 
be  used,  and  which  has  not  the  slightest  claim  (any 
more  than  its  predecessors)  to  be  considered  a  lit- 
erary production. 

"  The  Enchanted  Stone,"  by  Mr.  Lewis  Hind, 
is  another  fantastic  romance  which  brings  the  ancient 
Orient  and  the  modern  Occident  into  juxtaposition, 
just  as  Mr.  Boothby  does,  only  with  greater  inge- 
nuity and  a  finer  sense  of  what  is  demanded  by  lit- 
erary art.  The  stone  in  question  is  a  miraculous 
jewel  that  finds  its  way  from  India  to  England,  and 
is  tracked  by  an  uncanny  "  yellow  man  "  who  sticks 
at  nothing  in  bis  efforts  to  regain  possession  of  the 
talisman.  Having  done  so,  he  takes  advantage  of 
the  credulity  of  an  eccentric  and  wealthy  English- 
woman, and  they  proceed  together  to  start  a  new 
religion,  erecting  for  its  service  a  temple  of  unex- 
ampled splendor  upon  the  coast  of  Cornwall.  The 
unsophisticated  Cornishmen,  looking  upon  the  tem- 
ple with  disfavor,  organize  a  raid,  and  proceed  to 
demolish  it.  The  credulous  Englishwoman  dies, 
and  the  yellow  man  (with  his  jewel)  escapes,  pre- 
sumably to  his  own  India.  The  story  is  one  of  the 
wildest  of  extravaganzas,  yet  it  has  a  certain  fas- 
cination, and  even,  in  its  earlier  chapters,  reminds 
us  slightly  of  the  "  New  Arabian  Nights." 

Mr.  E.  F.  Benson  achieved  so  pronounced  a  suc- 
cess in  "  The  Vintage  "  that  he  has  done  well  to 


20 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


write  a  second  romance  of  the  Greek  Revolution. 
This  new  story  is  entitled  "The  Capsina,"  and  is  a 
sequel  to  the  earlier  one  in  that  it  continues  the 
chronicle  of  the  heroic  cause  for  which  Byron  fought 
and  Shelley  sang.  It  also  has  for  its  hero  the  ••  lit- 
tle Mitaos  "  of  "  The  Vintage,"  who  in  this  book 
takes  to  the  sea,  and  proves  himself  no  less  a  fighter 
there  than  on  the  land.  Bat  the  interest  in  Mitaos 
ia  overshadowed  by  that  which  we  take  in  the  hero- 
ine —  the  Capsina  for  whom  the  book  is  named. 
This  fine  and  inspired  figure  is  a  true  creation,  who 
in  her  glowing  life  and  heroic  death  so  compels  our 
admiration  that  we  are  ready  to  overlook  the  defects 
of  the  work  —  its  occasional  trivialities,  longueurs, 
and  confusions. 

"  The  Brothers  of  the  People  "  is  a  romance  of 
revolutionary  Balkania,  garnished  with  villainies, 
conspiracies,  and  bombs.  A  young  English  girl  goes 
to  the  country  to  act  as  companion  to  the  daughter 
of  an  influential  statesman,  and  becomes  mixed  up 
in  many  affairs  of  which  she  had  no  anticipation 
when  she  accepted  the  position.  The  story  is  a  com- 
bination of  sentimentalism,  improbability,  and  puer- 
ilily.  entirely  out  of  the  reach  of  serious  criticism. 

Mrs.  Augustus  Moore,  who  writes  under  the  name 
of  ••  Martin  J.  Pritchard,"  is  bent  upon  being  start- 
ling, whatever  the  cost  in  probability  and  good  taste. 
Her  first  novel,  "  Without  Sin,"  told  the  story  of  a 
woman  laboring  under  the  singular  delusion  that 
she  waa  in  very  truth  the  reincarnation  of  the  mother 
of  God.  Her  second  venture,  "The  Passion  of 
Rosamund  Keith,"  now  before  us,  has  for  its  climax 
the  physical  crucifixion  of  a  woman  by  a  mob  of 
superstitious  Albanian  mountaineers.  This  scene 
cannot  be  described  as  other  than  revoltingly  sensa- 
tional, yet  it  must  be  admitted  that  the  book  as  a 
whole  has  literary  quality  beyond  what  is  common 
in  sensational  and  sentimental  fiction.  The  writer 
has  no  mean  powers  of  vivid  delineation,  applied  to 
both  scenes  and  situations,  and  the  advance  in  crafts- 
manship over  her  earlier  book  is  unquestionable. 
The  plot  hinges  upon  the  love  of  Paul  Carr  for 
Rosamund  Keith.  This  is  at  first  crossed  by  a  bit 
of  scandal  that  any  sensible  lovers  would  have 
ignored,  then  Paul  goea  into  a  monastic  retreat  and 
joins  the  Catholic  church,  then  he  remembers  the 
fact  (strangely  forgotten  up  to  this  moment)  that  he 
baa  a  divorced  wife  still  living,  and  finally  (for  by 
such  tortuous  logic  does  the  story  proceed),  his 
newly-made  vows  so  weigh  upon  him  that  he  deter- 
mines to  renounce  Rosamund.  Thus  far,  the  book 
ia  a  story  of  English  society.  It  is  only  toward  the 
close  that  the  scene  shifts  to  Eastern  Europe,  and 
we  come  to  the  startling  episode  already  mentioned. 
It  must  be  added  that  Paul's  divorced  wife  dies 
moat  conveniently,  and  that  the  literal "  passion  "  of 
Rosamund  does  not  terminate  fatally. 

Curiously  enough,  the  same  problem  of  marriage 
with  a  man  whose  divorced  wife  is  still  living  occu- 
pies the  central  place  in  Mrs.  Wilfred  Ward's  "One 
Poor  Scruple."  The  object  of  thia  book,  aside  from 
the  discussion  of  thia  central  problem,  ia  clearly  to 


place  before  its  readers  a  picture  of  everyday  life  in 
the  Catholic  households  of  English  society,  and  to 
sketch  society  itself  from  the  Catholic  point  of  view. 
Were  it  not  that  Mrs.  Ward  speaks  of  her  book  aa 
having  been  in  course  of  preparation  for  the  past 
seven  years,  we  should  be  tempted  to  speak  of  it  as 
a  studied  attempt  to  counteract  the  effect  of  the 
latest  novel  of  another  and  more  famous  Mrs.  Ward 
—  that  is,  the  effect  of  ••  Helbeck  of  Banniadale." 
In  a  word,  it  presents  what  may  be  called  the  nor- 
mal type  of  English  Catholicism,  and  thus  stands  in 
marked  contrast  to  the  striking,  but  surely  abnormal, 
type  in  which  Mrs.  Humphry  Ward  so  deeply  en- 
gages our  interest  Viewed  in  relation  to  its  central 
problem,  "  One  Poor  Scruple  "  is  a  story  of  sharp 
temptation  and  eventual  spiritual  triumph.  Con- 
sidered aa  an  unpretentious  delineation  of  social 
conditions,  it  is  faithfully  studied  and  deserving  of 
every  praise.  Taken  as  a  portrait  gallery  of  many 
sorts  and  conditions  of  men  and  women,  it  achieves 
an  unusual  degree  of  success  in  its  delineations.  We 
get  to  know  these  people  from  the  inside,  although 
the  external  trick  of  manner  is  by  no  means  ignored, 
and  as  we  close  the  book,  we  feel  that  of  its  many 
admirable  qualities  this  penetrative  insight  into 
character  is  the  one  that  chiefly  calls  for  praise. 

The  romantic  materials  of  Mrs.  Crowninshield's 
••  Latitude  19°  "  are  promising  enough.  The  Island 
of  Haiti  in  the  twenties,  the  reign  of  terror  estab- 
lished by  Christophe  —  the  Caligula  or  Tiberius  of 
the  island  —  the  horrid  mysteries  of  vuudou  fetich- 
ism,  the  cannibalism  of  the  natives,  the  buccaneers 
that  infested  the  coast  and  made  their  lairs  in  its 
caves,  all  these  things  are  exciting  indeed,  and  when 
we  bring  a  party  of  shipwrecked  Yankees  into  such 
surroundings,  we  seem  to  have  an  embarrassment 
of  riches.  Unfortunately,  the  writer  ia  without  the 
constructive  skill  needful  for  the  shaping  of  a  con- 
nected story  out  of  these  matters,  and  her  book  re- 
mains a  congeries  of  imperfectly  connected  episodes, 
a  jumble  of  excitements  and  terrors,  a  kaleidoscope 
of  fantastic  unrealities. 

The  ••  Espiritu  Santo  "  of  Miss  Skinner,  a  daugh- 
ter of  the  author  of  "  Two  Years  before  the  Mast," 
is  a  book  about  French,  Spanish,  and  Italian  people, 
mostly  connected  with  the  operatic  stage,  and  about 
as  unreal  as  attempts  at  characterization  could 
easily  be.  They  constantly  express  "  such  noble  senti- 
ments "  that  the  Marquis  of  Posa  would  have  taken 
them  to  his  heart,  but  they  never  impress  us  as  being 
living  people  of  flesh  and  blood.  The  religious 
feeling  of  the  story  is  so  tender  and  beautiful  that 
we  cannot  speak  of  its  spirit  in  terms  of  too  cordial 
commendation,  but  the  application  of  these  terms 
must  ceane  with  the  spirit ;  when  we  come  to  the 
execution  of  the  book,  considered  simply  as  a  novel, 
and  not  aa  didacticiam  or  fine  writing,  it  is  impos- 
sible to  call  it  anything  but  a  failure. 

The  peculiar  charm  of  Mr.  Howells  when  he  is  at 
his  best  reappears,  after  several  recent  eclipses,  in 
the  novel  which  he  has  fantastically  styled  "  Ragged 
Lady."  It  ia  a  charm  compounded  of  several  ele- 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


21 


ments,  and  not  easy  of  analysis.  It  is  not  merely 
the  quality  of  minute  observation,  tinged  with  lam- 
bent humor,  because  we  find  that  in  some  of  his 
least  satisfactory  performances.  It  is  something 
beyond  this,  and  in  the  present  instance  it  is  found, 
at  least  in  part,  in  his  recurrence  to  those  Italian 
scenes  which  have  before  proved  his  best  inspiration, 
and  in  still  greater  part  to  his  gentle  heroine,  whose 
imperturbable  spirit  no  splendors  can  dazzle  and  no 
vicissitudes  can  embitter.  The  placidity  and  sweet- 
ness of  Clementina,  the  "  ragged  lady  "  of  this  tale, 
offers  so  refreshing  a  contrast  to  the  high-strung  and 
emotional  heroines  of  so  much  of  our  fiction  that  we 
can  be  only  grateful  for  the  acquaintance,  even  if 
Clementina  is  a  trifle  anaemic,  besides  being  afflicted 
at  moments  by  an  aggravated  and  distressing  form 
of  the  celebrated  New  England  conscience.  Mr. 
Howells  still  likes  to  puzzle  his  readers  by  the  play 
of  elusive  motives,  and  Clementina's  several  senti- 
mental entanglements  come  upon  us  as  a  series  of 
imperfect  surprises,  causing  us  to  observe  her  career 
with  a  certain  zest,  but  not  quite  in  accordance  with 
the  canons  of  clear-cut  art.  The  minor  figures  in 
this  gallery  are  also  interesting,  every  one,  from  the 
Russian  socialist  to  the  Michigan  parson,  and  their 
characters  are  drawn  for  us  with  touches  that  are 
as  delicate  as  those  of  a  Meissonier,  and  far  more 
revealing  withal. 

If  California  sends  us  many  more  such  novels  as 
"  The  Procession  of  Life,"  it  will  have  to  be  reck- 
oned with  in  our  literary  geography  more  seriously 
than  hitherto.  The  California  once  revealed  to  us 
by  Mr.  Bret  Harte  has  passed  so  completely  away 
from  the  actual  world  that  the  stories  still  written 
by  him,  in  the  seclusion  of  the  Athenaeum  Club, 
delightful  as  they  are,  must  be  described  as  the 
productions  of  a  literary  Rip  Van  Winkle,  whose 
present  is  the  remote  past  of  everybody  else.  Since 
the  Harte  period  of  Californian  society,  so  great  an 
evolution  has  taken  place  that  Mr.  Vachell's  novel 
seems  to  come  from  an  entirely  different  world.  It 
is  a  world  that  has  not  remained  absolutely  unre- 
vealed  to  us,  for  it  has  already  lived  a  sort  of  lit- 
erary life  in  the  brilliant  crudity  of  Mrs.  Atherton's 
novels,  in  the  slighter  and  far  more  delicate  work 
of  Mrs.  Graham,  and,  of  course,  in  "  Ramona." 
We  have  also  been  brought  close  to  it  by  Mr.  Van 
Dyke's  "  Millionaires  of  a  Day,"  a  book  which, 
although  not  a  novel,  has  a  far  greater  interest  than 
most  fiction,  and  which  is  suggested  by  the  new 
book  now  under  consideration.  The  connecting 
link  in  this  case  is  provided  by  the  story  of  the 
"boom"  that  struck  Southern  California  in  the  early 
eighties.  The  leading  characters  in  Mr.  Vachell's 
novel  are  made  to  pass  through  the  storm  and  stress 
of  that  speculative  period,  to  suffer  in  the  swift  reac- 
tion, and  at  last  to  share  in  the  temperate  prosperity 
of  still  more  recent  years.  The  book  is  rich  in 
human  interest,  and  is  distinctly  the  best  novel  that 
has  thus  far  been  written  of  latter-day  California. 

If  drawing-rooms  were  the  world,  and  those  who 
have  their  being  in  them  the  whole  of  mankind,  one 


could  have  no  reasonable  ground  for  dissatisfaction 
with  the  novels  of  Mr.  Henry  James.  We  certainly 
do  get  from  his  books  about  everything,  in  the  way 
of  both  conversation  and  action,  that  a  decorous 
drawing-room  can  shelter,  and  we  get  it  in  such 
delicate  forms  of  artistic  presentation  that  no  pre- 
text is  left  us  for  adverse  criticism.  In  "  The  Awk- 
ward Age,"  for  example,  than  which  even  Mr. 
James  has  produced  no  better  book,  there  are  nearly 
five  hundred  pages  of  drawing-room  talk  and  inci- 
dent, all  delightfully  finished  and  subtle,  all  dis- 
playing workmanship  of  the  highest  cherry-stone 
order,  and  yet  we  are  inexpressibly  wearied  by  it, 
because  it  has  so  little  to  do  with  anything  that 
makes  life  really  worth  having,  and  we  worry 
through  it  from  a  sense  of  duty  rather  than  for  sat- 
isfaction with  its  message.  The  outcome  is  naught, 
as  far  as  we  are  able  to  discern,  and  not  one  ac- 
quaintance has  been  made  with  whom  we  would 
desire  further  commerce. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  death  of  Harold 
Frederic  left  among  his  manuscripts  two  unpub- 
lished novels,  both  dealing  with  English  society. 
The  first  of  them,  which  appeared  promptly,  was 
called  "  Gloria  Mundi,"  and  the  best  efforts  of  his 
friends  to  deal  kindly  with  it  could  not  conceal  the 
fact  that  it  was  relatively  a  failure,  and  a  failure  pre- 
cisely because  its  author  had  gained  only  a  superficial 
knowledge  of  the  society  which  he  sought  to  depict. 
His  other  posthumous  novel,  "  The  Market- Place," 
has  now  been  published,  and  proves  to  be  a  far 
more  satisfactory  piece  of  work.  The  author  is 
still  clearly  not  at  home  in  his  new  environment, 
but  he  has  at  least  chosen  a  theme  fairly  within  the 
reach  of  his  intelligence.  The  business  of  company- 
promotion  is  comprehensible  enough  to  an  alert 
and  clear-headed  American  writer,  whether  it  be 
carried  on  in  Wall  Street  or  Capel  Court,  and 
this  novel  deals  with  the  flotation  of  a  Mexican 
rubber  company  by  the  devices  made  so  familiar 
during  the  Hooley  investigation  of  last  year.  The 
hero  of  this  speculation  is  an  Americanized  English- 
man who  plans  his  coup  with  Napoleonic  strategy, 
and  wins  for  himself  a  colossal  fortune  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  "  shorts,"  who  have  been  tricked  into 
selling  shares  of  which  he  alone  has  absolute  con- 
trol. When  the  settlement  comes,  they  are  bled 
white,  and  the  buccaneer  retires  with  his  spoils. 
This  is  a  very  unconventional  sort  of  morality,  for 
the  ethics  of  such  a  story  are  supposed  to  demand 
that  the  speculator  shall  be  exposed  and  come  to 
grief.  Instead  of  this,  our  speculator  covers  up  all 
the  traces  of  his  swindle,  wins  an  aristocratic  wife, 
and  realizes  his  ambition  of  settling  down  as  an 
English  country  gentleman.  The  moral  that  the 
author  points  is  something  quite  different  from  what 
is  expected,  and  we  are  by  no  means  sure  that  it  is 
not  equally  satisfactory.  Certainly  it  is  more  subtle 
than  the  conventional  moral,  for  it  emphasizes  the 
lesson  that  riches,  however  acquired,  are  a  doubtful 
good  to  the  man  who  is  without  inner  resources  to 
make  possible  their  enjoyment.  We  leave  him  in 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


lion  of  all  the  externals  of  happiness,  yet  a 
profoundly  unhappy  and  discontented  mortal.  And 
at  least  there  is  the  negative  satisfaction  of  know- 
ing that  his  wealth  has  been  gained  at  the  expense 
of  men  who  deserve  no  sympathy,  and  the  positive 
satisfaction  of  witnessing  his  achievement,  under 
highly  exciting  and  dramatic  circumstances,  of  his 
purpose.  The  hook  is  not  exactly  fine,  but  it  is 
unquestionably  both  strong  and  interesting. 

WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 

LtlUrt  ^  The  comely  volume  containing  "  The 

aidoWopmpAy  Autobiography  and  Letters"  (one- 
ojMrt.  oilplant.  fourtn  autobiography  and  three- 
fourths  letters)  of  that  worthy  woman  and  gifted 
writer,  Mrs.  M.  O.  W.  Oliphant,  will  appeal  to  a 
large  circle  of  readers.  Mrs.  Harry  Caghill  is  the 
editor,  and  she  has  done  her  work  with  due  care  and 
tact  Mrs.  Oliphant  once  described  herself  as  "  a 
writer  very  little  given  to  explanations  or  to  any 
personal  appearance."  Her  work  was  for  the  pub- 
lic, her  life  for  her  family  and  chosen  friends ;  and 
when,  toward  the  close  of  June,  1897,  she  lay  dying 
in  her  sunny  little  home  at  Wimbledon,  she  laid 
upon  those  about  her  the  injunction  that  no  biogra- 
phy of  her  was  to  be  written.  Those  familiar  with 
Mrs.  Oliphant's  writings  as  a  whole  will  have  noted 
in  some  of  the  latest  of  them  a  certain  tendency  to 
depart  from  her  habitual  altitude  of  reserve.  And 
that  she  realized  that  the  biography  she  dreaded 
was  in  one  form  or  another  inevitable,  and  that  no 
injunction  she  could  lay  on  her  friends  would  avail 
to  baffle  the  public's  desire  to  know  something  of 
the  story  of  her  life,  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  long 
before  her  death  she  began  to  jot  down  at  odd  times 
scraps  more  or  less  autobiographical,  to  which  were 
added,  later,  some  account  of  her  earliest  years. 
Later  still,  at  the  request  of  her  last  surviving  child, 
she  continued  this  fragmentary  memoir,  bringing  it 
down  to  the  date  at  which  her  sons  entered  Oxford. 
These  writings  form  the  narrative  portion  of  the 
volume  now  before  us,  and  they  have  been  supple- 
mented with  the  letters,  which  Mrs.  Caghill  has 
arranged  in  their  chronological  order,  and  connected 
with  a  thread  of  story  where  needed.  It  should  be 
added  that  Mrs.  Oliphant's  wishes  were  not  disre- 
garded in  publishing  this  material.  "  She  bade  as," 
says  Mrs.  Caghill, "  deal  with  it  as  we  thought  best." 
While  Mrs.  Oliphant's  narrative  is  thoroughly  read- 
able, and,  in  its  light  way,  informing,  it  is  the  let- 
ters that  form  the  more  important  and  interesting 
portion  of  the  volume.  The  largest  part  of  these 
are  to  members  of  the  Blackwood  family,  and  they 
give  an  almost  connected  history  of  Mrs.  Oliphant's 
work.  Their  general  readableness,  it  must  be  owned, 
is  not  impaired  by  a  certain  note  of  asperity  in  the 
writer's  tone  when  she  is  speaking  of  literary  people. 
Even  George  Eliot  (whom  Mrs.  Oliphant  for  a  long 


time  "  cannot  believe  to  be  a  woman  ")  does  not 
quite  escape.  Macaulay  is  styled  "  the  historian  of 
sophistication,  who  writes  only  and  always  for  so- 
ciety," whom  "everybody  admires,"  and  in  whom 
"  nobody  believes."  As  to  Miss  Martineau,  Mrs. 
Oliphant  is  struck  by  "the  curious  limited  folly  of 
her  apparent  common-sense,"  and  can  only  wonder 
how  ••  such  a  commonplace  mind  could  have  attained 
the  literary  position  she  did."  In  one  letter  to 
Mr.  W.  Blackwood,  Mrs.  Oliphant  grimly  expresses 
a  wish  to  review  Mr.  Howells  and  certain  other 
American  writers,  promising  to  do  her  best  ••  to  put 
these  Jacobs  of  literature  on  their  true  level."  A 
note  to  Mr.  Blackwood,  from  Oxford,  comments 
amusingly  on  the  tone  of  the  town  and  its  notabili- 
ties. The  writer  goes  on  to  say  :  "  Almost  every- 
body who  is  anybody  has  called,  I  think  ;  but  intel- 
lectualism,  like  every  other  ism,  is  monotonous,  and 
the  timidity  and  mutual  alarm  of  the  younger  po- 
tentates strikes  me  a  good  deal.  They  are  so  much 
afraid  of  committing  themselves  or  risking  any- 
thing that  may  be  found  wanting  in  any  minutiae  of 
correctness.  Scholarship  is  a  sort  of  poison  tree 
that  kills  everything."  While  the  present  volume 
is  not,  actually  or  ostensibly,  a  full  and  sufficient 
life  of  Mrs.  Oliphant,  it  is  fresh  and  entertaining, 
well  leavened  with 'personal  comment  and  anecdote, 
and  just  the  sort  of  biography  one  may  venture  upon 
with  a  light  heart  in  the  dog-days.  There  are  two 
portraits,  and  there  ought  to  have  been  an  index. 
(Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.) 

It  is  with  a  sigh  for  hills  and  moun- 
tains that  the  dweller  on  the  western 
prairie  lays  down  Mr.  John  Cole- 
man  Adams's  "  Nature  Studies  in  Berkshire  "  (Put- 
nam), with  its  beautiful  pictures  of  hill  and  dale, 
climbing  road  and  falling  meadow.  The  inevita- 
bility of  the  association  of  "  flat  "  with  "  stale  and 
unprofitable  "  is  more  apparent  with  the  progress  of 
every  chapter,  till  the  sigh  that  brought  forth  the 
hanging  gardens  of  Babylon  is  repeated  after  many 
ages.  So  many  American  artists  and  poets  have 
gone  to  these  self-same  scenes  for  inspiration,  it  is 
only  wonderful  that  the  pleasant  duty  of  celebration 
which  Mr.  Adams  has  imposed  upon  himself  should 
have  been  reserved  for  him  by  a  kindly  fate.  And 
that  the  fate  was  kindly,  for  the  reader  no  less  than 
the  writer,  these  pleasant  pages  tell.  Western 
Massachusetts,  the  scene  of  Dr.  Underwood's  New 
England  town,  has  long  awaited  the  coming  of  some 
American  Jeffrey,  someone  who  should  add  to  the 
love  of  wild  nature  and  sympathy  with  all  its  phases 
the  flavor  of  the  children  of  the  soil.  Than  Dr. 
Adams  no  one  could  be  better  fitted  for  the  task, 
either  by  birth  or  nurture,  and  his  book  in  informed 
with  the  spirit  of  the  place  and  the  spirit  of  the 
people  of  the  place.  A  higher  morality,  the  moral- 
ity of  fitness,  takes  the  place  of  too  obvious  preach- 
ing ;  the  contrasts  of  the  external  world  find  inter- 
pretation in  the  contrasts  of  words  which  bespeak 
wit ;  the  erudition  of  nature  is  interpreted  by  the 


Brrkthire 
hill i  and 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


23 


erudition  of  broad  cultivation  ;  and  the  result  is 
wholly  pleasing.  The  very  chapter  titles  prove  it : 
"The  Dome  of  the  Taconics,"  "  The  Circumvention 
of  Greylock,"  "The  Social  Flowers,"  "At  the 
Sign  of  the  Beautiful  Star,"  "The  Great  Cloud 
Drive,"  all  these  and  many  more  speak  the  thought 
of  the  lover  and  friend,  who  sets  down  a  moment 
in  literature,  less  enduring  than  the  everlasting  hills 
he  writes  of,  but  one  which  will  make  a  lasting 
appeal  nevertheless.  "  The  hot  and  steaming  city 
is  leagues  away,"  he  tells  us  in  one  place.  "  All 
that  is  vanished  ;  and  instead  of  it,  a  scene  meets 
the  eye  in  which  one  loses  sense  and  thought  in  a 
sweet  oblivion  of  content.  .  .  .  The  air  quivers  and 
throbs  over  a  rye-field.  The  far  hills  retreat  still 
farther  behind  a  blue  haze.  .  .  .  Under  the  maples 
here  in  Berkshire  is  an  incomparable  vantage- 
ground  from  which  to  behold  the  glories  of  mid- 
summer as  they  pass  by."  This  vantage-ground 
we  do  not  begrudge  the  good  Doctor,  nor,  since  we 
may  not  share  it,  do  we  cease  to  be  thankful  for 
this  reminiscence  of  it ;  but  we  wish  it  were  with 
us  a  personal  memory,  even  as  it  is  with  him.  For 
this  new  longing  and  aspiration  in  a  life  too  short 
for  the  fulfilment  of  half  the  old  ones,  his  graphic 
pages  must  be  held  responsible. 

Mr.  W.  G.  Aston's  "  History  of  Jap- 
The  story  of  anege  Ljterature  "  (Appleton)  is  the 

Japanese  tetters.          .  PII-II. 

sixth  volume  thus  far  published  in  the. 
series  called  "  Literatures  of  the  World."  The  au- 
thor opens  this  preface  with  the  following  remarks  : 
"  The  Japanese  have  a  voluminous  literature,  ex- 
tending over  twelve  centuries,  which  to  this  day  has 
been  very  imperfectly  explored  by  European  stu- 
dents. Forty  years  ago  no  Englishman  had  read 
a  page  of  a  Japanese  book,  and  although  some 
Continental  scholars  had  a  useful  acquaintance  with 
the  language,  their  contributions  to  our  knowledge 
are  unimportant.  .  .  .  Beyond  a  few  brief  detached 
notices,  there  is  no  body  of  critical  opinion  on  Jap- 
anese books  in  any  European  language."  Mr. 
Aston's  position  in  putting  forth  such  a  "  body  of 
critical  opinion  "  is  in  one  respect  enviable.  No 
reviewer  is  likely  to  assume  the  superior  airs  of  his 
kind,  and  play  the  pedagogue  with  the  author.  The 
latter  has  things  all  his  own  way,  and  the  former, 
however  omniscient  he  may  upon  other  occasions 
seem,  is  for  once  humbled.  We  can  say  nothing  of 
this  book  beyond  testifying  to  its  thoroughly  read- 
able character,  which  is  largely  due  to  the  free  use 
of  translated  passages,  biographical  notices,  and 
historical  data.  In  other  words,  the  things  that  a 
reader  would  be  expected  to  know  beforehand  in 
the  case  of  a  European  literature  could  not  possibly 
be  expected  of  him  in  this  case,  and  Mr.  Aston  has 
done  well  to  keep  this  fact  constantly  in  mind.  As 
for  the  difficulties  encountered  in  the  translations, 
the  following  observations  are  much  to  the  point : 
"  The  cherry  is,  in  Japan,  the  queen  of  flowers, 
and  is  not  valued  for  its  fruit,  while  the  rose  is  re- 
garded as  a  mere  thorny  bush.  Valerian,  which  to 


us  is  suggestive  principally  of  cats,  takes  the  place 
of  the  rosebud  as  the  recognized  metaphor  for  the 
early  bloom  of  womanhood."  A  still  more  curi- 
ous illustration  of  the  vagaries  of  association  is 
offered  by  "  The  Ladies  of  New  Style,"  an  advanced 
novel  of  to-day,  in  which  the  new  woman  heroine 
is  a  dairymaid, —  not,  forsooth,  to  indicate  pastoral 
simplicity,  but  rather  the  most  advanced  radicalism. 
"  Formerly,"  we  are  told,  "  cow's  milk  was  not 
used  as  food  in  Japan,  and  when  this  novel  ap- 
peared (1887)  none  but  a  truly  enlightened  person 
would  dare  to  affront  the  old-fashioned  prejudices 
against  it."  We  congratulate  Mr.  Aston  upon  the 
acceptable  manner  in  which  he  has  told  us  the  long 
story  of  Japanese  letters,  and  we  certainly  have  no 
reason  to  doubt  that  he  is  as  trustworthy  an  author- 
ity as  he  is  an  interesting  historian. 

There  were  stirring  times  in  Mis- 
Border  fighting  j  in  th  opening  months  of  the 

in  the  Civil  War.  .  n-  r 

great  civil  conflict  of  a  generation 
ago.  The  history  of  the  struggle  to  keep  the  Bor- 
der States  in  the  Union  is  an  interesting  one,  and 
one  which  is  always  told  with  intense  emotions,  be- 
cause brother  rose  against  brother,  and  the  feud-like 
character  of  the  fighting  was  marked.  But  the 
great  movements  of  later  years  obscured  the  fron- 
tier contests,  and  the  historians  have  been  accus- 
tomed to  dismiss  with  a  few  paragraphs  what  Mr. 
Britton  in  his  "Civil  War  on  the  Border"  (Put- 
nam) describes  with  the  detail  of  an  eye-witness. 
The  second  volume  of  this  work  continues  the  tale 
of  the  activities  of  local  militia  in  Missouri,  Arkansas, 
Indian  Territory,  and  Kansas,  against  the  bands  of 
guerrillas  under  such  leaders  as  the  infamous  Quan- 
trill  or  the  desperate  bandit,  Bill  Anderson.  General 
Sherman's  oft-quoted  words  descriptive  of  war  cer- 
tainly have  apt  illustration  in  the  stories  told  in 
these  volumes,  and  perhaps  there  can  be  no  better 
preventive  of  internal  commotions  than  the  re- 
hearsal of  the  experiences  of  the  frontier  folk  dur- 
ing the  years  when  the  armies  of  the  two  sections 
were  fighting,  now  in  the  West  and  later  in  Vir- 
ginia, for  the  settlement  of  the  great  struggle. 
What  the  raids  of  the  Tories  were  in  days  of  the  Rev- 
olution, the  swift  and  awful  descents  of  the  bandits 
of  the  Western  frontier  were  to  the  loyal  people  in 
days  of  the  Rebellion.  Possibly  war  cannot  be 
refined,  and  yet  it  seems  likely  that  the  changes  in 
American  life  during  the  last  quarter  of  a  century 
have  made  it  impossible  that  our  land  should  ever 
again  witness  such  scenes  as  those  described  by 
writers  about  the  border  fights  of  the  Civil  War. 

Readers  of  Mr.  John  Davidson  who 

A  playwright          remember  with  pleasure  his  '>  Plays  " 

and  AM  prologue.  J 

of  five  years  ago  have  probably  by 
this  time  read  his  "  Godfrida  "  (John  Lane).  Those 
who  remember  the  "  Plays  "  with  only  a  confused 
feeling  akin  to  anger,  may  have  neglected  the  book. 
To  these  latter,  however,  we  must  recommend  at 
least  the  Prologue,  which  will  not  trouble  them  long 


24 


THE   DIAL 


[July  1, 


It  presents  us  with  a  conversation  between  the  Poet 
himself  and  an  Interviewer,  and  thus  gives  Mr. 
Davidson  a  chance  to  speak  of  his  ideas  and  inten- 
tions. This  we  rather  like.  Probably  every  author 
has  sometime  had  a  vague  feeling  that  be  would 
like  to  write  reviews  explaining  the  point  of  his 
work,  even  if  he  has  also  had  a  counter  feeling  that 
his  work  ought  to  explain  itself.  Mr.  Davidson's 
views  are  good.  We  like  particularly  his  disclaimer 
of  any  attempt  to  revive  the  Jacobean  drama  or  the 
Elizabethan  eclogue,  or  to  follow  in  the  path  of 
Ibsen,  which  last  few  would  have  supposed  a  temp- 
tation to  him.  We  like,  too,  his  view  of  Romance 
as  the  essence  of  Reality.  Certainly  the  Prologue 
should  find  readers.  And  as  to  the  play, —  well,  it 
is  impossible  to  say  anything  about  Mr.  Davidson's 
plays  without  explaining  and  arguing  a  good  deal,  and 
for  that  we  have  not  now  the  time.  Those  who  would 
like  a  dramatist  to  come  to  them  with  an  amusing 
or  even  instructive  tale  will  be  disappointed.  Those 
who  are  intoxicated  at  a  snuff  or  two  of  the  fresh 
air  of  poetry,  or  with  the  lifting  now  and  then  of 
the  cloud  that  generally  dulls  our  horizon,  will  be 
amply  satisfied.  Between  these  two  groups  is  the 
great  majority  of  readers  of  plays  (like  ourselves) 
who  will  find  a  good  deal  to  like,  and  will  yet  wish 
that  Mr.  Davidson  had  a  little  more  skill  in  getting 
his  real  conceptions  to  stand  out  clear  of  all  inferior 
material. 

"  Studies  in  the  Psychology  of  Wo- 
man "  (H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.)  is  a 
translation  by  Georgia  A.  Etchison, 
from  the  German  of  Laura  Marholm.  The  author's 
object  is  to  ascertain  the  causes  of  the  present  dis- 
satisfaction among  women,  and  she  announces  her- 
self as  one  who  has  "  sought  to  grasp  the  points  of 
view  and  facts  which  are  most  affected  by  the  social 
position  of  woman  in  the  present  and  most  recent 
past."  The  effort  is  sincere,  but  the  result  is  a  ram- 
bling and  flighty  little  book,  with  no  coherence  or 
sustained  argument.  Like  most  books  of  its  kind, 
it  shows  an  empirical  astuteness,  and  offers  some 
interesting  criticism  ;  but  its  touch  is,  as  a  rule,  both 
clumsy  and  uncertain.  In  denunciation,  it  is  at 
once  vague  and  glaring ;  its  "  practical "  sugges- 
tions are  indefinite ;  and  its  main  conclusion  as  to 
the  destiny  of  woman  is  not  at  all  different  from 
that  of  the  world  in  general.  Altogether,  there 
would  seem  no  very  good  reason  for  not  leaving  it 
in  its  original  German. 

During  the  World's  Fair  year,  the 
first  volume  of  a  "History  of  the 
New  World  called  America"  ap- 
peared from  the  pen  of  Mr.  E.  J.  Payne.  It  was 
in  two  "  books,"  the  one  relating  the  story  of  the 
discovery,  and  the  second  beginning  a  study  of  the 
aboriginal  conditions.  The  style  of  the  work  was 
pleasing,  and  many  kind  words  were  written  regard- 
ing it.  After  an  interval  of  six  years  the  second 
volume  is  at  hand,  bringing  the  history  down  to 
the  period  of  the  conquest  of  Mexico  and  Peru  by 


Th'  \f,r  World 
o/ America. 


the  Spaniards.  The  ethnographic  and  linguistic 
characteristics  of  the  aborigines  are  set  forth  with 
painstaking  care,  and  many  interesting  matters  are 
presented  with  minuteness  of  detail.  Considering 
the  eleven  hundred  pages  thus  far  given  to  the  New 
World,  with  hardly  a  beginning  of  the  study  of  the 
effects  produced  upon  the  Old  World  by  the  discov- 
ery of  this  Western  land,  the  question  naturally 
arises :  For  what  special  constituency  is  the  author 
writing?  It  is  doubtful  whether  the  average  Amer- 
ican reader  will  care  to  go  much  further  than  the 
extremely  interesting  volumes  of  John  Fiske  on 
"  The  Discovery  of  America,"  and  it  likewise  seems 
questionable  whether  there  is  a  demand  for  a  re- 
writing of  the  history  of  the  New  World  in  such  an 
elaborate  way  as  to  require  over  a  thousand  pages 
of  detail  about  the  pre- historic  days,  or  rather  the 
pre-Columbian  era,  before  the  story  of  the  Western 
hemisphere  is  interwoven  with  the  movements  in 
the  Eastern  which  are  of  vastly  more  importance  in 
a  well-balanced  account  of  American  history.  If, 
however,  there  is  a  constituency  which  seeks  such 
elaboration,  these  volumes  of  Mr.  Payne  will  prove 
satisfying.  (Oxford  University  Press.) 


BRIEFER  MENTION. 


Teachers  of  the  history  of  England  will  be  grateful 
to  Dr.  Charles  W.  Colby,  of  McGill  University,  for  his 
volume  of  "  Selections  from  the  Sources  of  English 
History"  (Longmans).  The  selections  average  less 
than  three  pages  each  and  number  upwards  of  one  hun- 
dred. They  throw  interesting  side-lights  upon  the  whole 
course  of  English  history,  from  Julius  Csesar  to  the 
Reform  Bill,  and  are  made  with  judicious  care.  The 
work  is  designed  for  a  younger  class  of  students  than  are 
aimed  at  by  such  publications  as  the  "  Select  Charters  " 
of  Bishop  Stubhs  and  the  "  Old  South  Leaflets,"  but  no 
student  can  be  too  young  to  he  taught  the  distinction 
between  historical  sources  and  historical  compilations. 

Recent  German  text-books  include  the  following: 
Freytag's  "  A  us  dem  Jahrhundert  ties  Grossen  Kriegis," 
edited  by  Dr.  L.  A.  Rhodes;  "Stille  Wasser,"  stories 
from  several  writers,  edited  by  Dr.  Wilhelm  Bern- 
hardt;  and  "  Eingeschneit,"  by  Emil  Frommel,  also 
edited  by  Dr.  Bernhardt,  —  these  three  are  issued  by 
Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.  Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 
send  us  a  volume  called  "  Aus  Deutschen  Meisterwer- 
ken,"  being  stories  from  the  mediaeval  epics,  retold  in 
simple  modern  German  by  Mr.  Sigmon  M.  Stern.  From 
the  Macmillan  Co.  comes  a  tasteful  edition  of  "  Hermann 
und  Dorothea,"  edited  by  Professor  James  Taft  Hat- 
field,  and  embodying  a  corrected  text.  Lastly,  the 
same  publishers  send  us  a  "  Pitt  Press "  edition  of 
"  Iphigenie  auf  Tauris,"  prepared  by  Dr.  Karl  Breul. 

Among  the  many  books  recently  issued  upon  the  West 
Indian  islands,  the  "  History  "  of  Mr.  Amos  Kidder 
Fiske  (Putnam)  deserves  notice  for  the  excellence  of  its 
maps  and  its  index.  These  render  the  work  valuable 
for  handy  reference.  The  material  of  the  book  itself  is 
interesting,  though  the  subjects  included  in  the  forty 
chapters  are  so  numerous  as  to  prevent  scholarly  treat- 
ment of  any  one  of  them. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


25 


LITERARY  NOTES. 


A  revised  edition  of  G.  A.  Wentworth's  "Plane 
Geometry  "  has  just  been  published  by  Messrs.  Ginn 
&  Co. 

A  new  and  revised  edition  of  Captain  A.  T.  Mahan's 
"  Life  of  Nelson "  is  published  by  Messrs.  Little, 
Brown,  &  Co. 

Dr.  W.  C.  Hollopeter's  "  Hay-Fever  and  Its  Success- 
ful Treatment"  (Blakiston)  has  passed  into  a  second 
edition,  revised  and  enlarged. 

"  The  Life  of  Friedrich  Schiller  "  has  just  been  added 
to  the  "  Centenary "  edition  of  Carlyle,  published  by 
Messrs.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

"  First  Lessons  in  Civics  "  is  a  text-book  of  the  most 
elementary  sort,  the  work  of  Dr.  S.  E.  Forman,  pub- 
lished by  the  American  Book  Co. 

A  translation  of  Maupassant's  "  Pierre  et  Jean,"  the 
work  of  Mr.  Hugh  Craig,  has  been  published  by  Bren- 
tano's  in  a  handsome  illustrated  edition. 

A  third  edition,  almost  entirely  rewritten,  of  Dr. 
Arthur  Newsholme's  "  Elements  of  Vital  Statistics  " 
has  just  been  published  by  the  Macmillan  Co. 

A  second  edition  of  "  The  Messages  of  the  Earlier 
Prophets,"  by  Messrs.  Frank  Knight  Sanders  and 
Charles  Foster  Kent,  has  just  been  published  by  the 
Messrs.  Scribner. 

"The  Talisman,"  "The  Betrothed,"  and  "Wood- 
stock "  (the  latter  in  two  volumes),  are  the  latest  addi- 
tions to  the  "  Temple  "  Scott,  which  the  Messrs.  Scrib- 
ner publish  in  the  United  States.  • 

At  last  we  have  an  authorized  American  edition, 
published  by  the  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.,  of  Mr.  Kip- 
ling's "  Departmental  Ditties  and  Ballads  and  Barrack- 
Room  Ballads,"  all  in  a  single  volume,  with  the  swastika 
for  a  trade-mark. 

A  two- volume  translation  of  Epictetus,  made  by  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Carter,  has  been  recently  issued  in  the  "  Tem- 
ple Classics  "  series  (Macmillan).  Three  new  volumes 
have  been  added  also  to  the  ten- volume  edition  of  North's 
Plutarch,  in  the  same  series. 

The  United  States  Bureau  of  Education  issues  a  val- 
uable monograph  by  Mr.  Arthur  MacDonald  upon  the 
"  Experimental  Study  of  Children."  It  is  really  an 
advance  section  of  the  forthcoming  report  for  1897-98 
of  the  Commissioner  of  Education. 

The  recently  reawakened  interest  in  Robespierre  has 
led  to  a  new  edition  of  the  biography  of  that  worthy  by 
George  Henry  Lewes.  Published  fifty  years  ago,  it  is 
still  a  most  readable  book,  and  this  edition,  imported 
by  the  Messrs.  Scribner,  should  find  many  readers. 

The  "  Handbook  of  British,  Continental,  and  Cana- 
dian Universities,  with  Special  Mention  of  the  Courses 
Open  to  Women,"  compiled  by  Dr.  Isabel  Maddison 
for  the  graduate  club  of  Bryn  Mawr  College,  has  just 
been  published  in  its  second  edition  by  the  Macmillan  Co. 

"  The  Dreyfus  Story,"  by  Mr.  Richard  W.  Hale,  is 
a  small  book  published  by  Messrs.  Small,  Maynard  & 
Co.  It  takes  for  its  motto  Hamlet's  "  Report  me  and 
my  cause  aright  to  the  unsatisfied,"  and  seeks  to  tell  its 
tangled  tale  clearly  and  succinctly.  The  book  should 
find  many  readers. 

"The  Cable  Story  Book"  (Scribner)  is  a  volume  of 
selections  from  the  work  of  Mr.  G.  W.  Cable,  prepared 
by  Miss  Mary  E.  Burt  and  Miss  Lucy  Leffingwell  Cable, 
and  designed  for  use  in  schools.  It  has  an  introduction, 


a  biographical  sketch,  several  illustrations,  and  five 
stories  —  the  latter  slightly  simplified,  with  the  author's 
approval,  for  their  present  special  purpose.  It  is  a  good 
book  of  a  good  sort,  and  deserves  to  be  widely  used. 

It  is  reported  that  Mr.  Maurice  Hewlett  has  under- 
taken to  prepare  for  the  Macmillan  Co.  a  volume  on 
Florence,  to  serve  as  a  companion  to  Mr.  Crawford's 
"  Ave  Roma  Immortalis."  This  is  as  welcome  an  an- 
nouncement as  there  could  well  be,  for  Mr.  Hewlett 
knows  both  the  body  and  the  soul  of  Florence  as  do 
few  if  any  other  men. 

Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.  publish  Racine's  "  An- 
dromaque,"  edited  by  Dr.  B.  W.  Wells,  and  a  thin  book 
of  "  Geschichten  und  Marchen  fur  Anfanger,"  edited  by 
Miss  Lillian  Foster.  Messrs.  Ginn  &  Co.  publish  La- 
biche's  "  La  Grammaire,"  edited  by  Dr.  Herman  S. 
Piatt.  Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  publish  Lessing's 
"  Minna  von  Barnhelm,"  edited,  with  a  rather  extensive 
apparatus,  by  Dr.  Starr  Willard  Cutting. 

Volumes  IX.  and  X.  of  "  The  Land  of  Sunshine," 
forming  the  numbers  for  the  year  just  ended,  and 
bound  within  a  single  set  of  covers,  has  just  been  sent 
us  by  the  publishers.  We  have  often  had  occasion  to 
speak  a  good  word  for  this  brave  little  magazine,  and 
to  wish  it  success.  The  contents  include  much  matter 
of  permanent  value,  besides  those  sections  in  which  the 
editor  keeps  up  a  running  fire  of  comment  upon  the 
literary  and  political  happenings  of  the  day.  In  the 
matter  of  our  Spanish  and  Philippine  wars,  particularly, 
Mr.  Lummis  has  spoken  many  sober  and  fearless  words, 
for  which  patriotic  Americans  cannot  thank  him  too 
warmly. 

ONE  HUNDRED  BOOKS  FOR  SUMMER 
READING. 

A  SELECT  LIST  OF  SOME  RECENT  PUBLICATIONS. 


[Fuller  descriptions  of  the  following  books,  of  the 
sort  popularly  known  as  "  Summer  reading,"  may  be 
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Sons.    $1.25. 
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26 


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A  Lost  Lady  of  Old  Tear*.    By  John  Buchan.    John  Lane. 

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The  Dreamer*.  By  John  Kendrick  Bangs.  Harper  A  Brothers. 

$1.25. 
A  Triple  Entanglement.     By  Mrs.  Burton  Harrison.    J.  B. 

Lippincott  Co.    $1.25. 
A  Yankee  from  the  West.     By  Opie  Read.    Rand,  McNally 

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Co.    $1.25. 
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$1.50. 
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Co.    $1.50. 

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Appleton  A  Co.    $1.50. 
A  Man  from  the  North.  By  E.  A.  Bennett.  John  Lane.  $1.25. 


Mary  Cameron.     By  Edith  A.  Sawyer.    Benj.  H.  Sanborn  A 

Co.    $1. 
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Co.    $1.25. 
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Lynch  Williams.     Charle*  Scribner's  Sons.    $1.25. 
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ton,  Mifflin  A  Co.     $1.25. 
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Lippinoott  Co.  $1. 

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A  Co.  $1.50. 

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ner's Son*.  $1.25. 

On  the  Edge  of  the  Empire.  By  Edgar  Jepeon  and  Captain 
D.  Beame*.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $1.50. 

Miss  Nome  of  Japan.  By  Onoto  Watanna.  Rand,  McNally 
A  Co.  $1.25. 

The  Wind-jammer*.  By  T.  Jenkins  Hain*.  J.  B.  Lippincott 
Co.  $1.25. 

The  Crime  and  the  Criminal.  By  Richard  Marsh.  New  Am- 
sterdam Book  Co.  $1.50. 

The  Conjure  Woman.  By  Charles  W.  Chesnutt.  Houghton, 
Mifflin  A  Co.  $1.25. 

The  Confounding  of  Camelia.  By  Anne  Douglas  Sedgwick. 
Charle*  Scribner's  Son*.  $1.25. 

Across  the  Campus.  By  Caroline  M.  Fuller.  Charle*  Scrib- 
ner's Sons.  $1.50. 

Fortune's  My  Foe.    By  J.  Bloundelle-Bnrton.    D.  Appleton 

.     ACo.     $1.;  paper,  50  ct*. 

Mr..  Miss,  and  Mr*.  By  Charles  Bloomingdale,  Jr.  ("  Karl "). 
J.  B.  Lippinoott  Co.  $1.25. 

Madame  Izan.  By  Mrs.  Campbell-Praed.  D.  Appleton  A  Co. 
$1.;  paper,  50  ots. 

The  White  Lady  of  Khaminavtka.  By  Richard  Henry  Sav- 
age. Rand,  McNally  A  Co.  $1.;  paper,  50  eta. 

Heart  and  Sword.  By  John  Strange  Winter.  J.  B.  Lippincott 
Co.  $1.;  paper,  50  eta. 

A  Cosmopolitan  Comedy.  By  Anna  Robeeon  Brown.  D. 
Appleton  A  Co.  $1.;  paper,  50  ct*. 

Nigel  Ferrard.  By  G.  M.  Robin*  (Mr*.  L.  Baillie  Reynolds). 
J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  $1.;  paper,  50  eta. 

The  Sturgis  Wager.  By  Edgar  Morette.  F.  A.  Stoke*  Co.  50c. 

TRAVEL  AND  DESCRIPTION. 

Letters  from  Japan.    By  Mr*.  Hugh  Fraser.    Macmillan  Co. 

$7.50. 
A  Thousand  Days  in  the  Arctic.     By  Frederick  G.  Jackson. 

Harper  A  Brother*.    $6. 
Two  Women   in  the  Klondike.     By   Mary  E.  Hitchcock. 

G.  P.  Putnam'*  Sons.    $3. 

The  Philippines  and  Round  About.  By  Maj.  G.  J.  Young- 
husband.  Macmillan  Co.  $2.50. 

An  American  Cruiser  in  the  East.  By  Chief  Engineer  John 
D.  Ford,  U.S.N.  Second  edition.  A.  S.  Barnes  A  Co. 
$2.50. 

Alaska  and  the  Klondike.  By  Angelo  Heilprin.  D.  Appleton 
ACo.  $1.75. 

Alaska.     By  Miner  Bruce.    G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.     $2.50. 

NATURE  BOOKS. 

A  Guide  to  the  Wild  Flowers.    By  Alice  Lonnsberry.    F.  A. 

Stoke*  Co.    $2.50. 
Every- Day  Butterflies.    By  Samuel  H.  Scudder.    Houghton, 

Mifflin  A  Co.    $2. 

Our  Gardens.    By  S.  Reynold*  Hole.    Macmillan  Co.    $3. 
Field,  Forest,  and  Wayside  Flowers.  By  Maud  Going.  Baker 

A  Taylor  Co.    $1.50. 
How  to  Know  the  Fern*.    By  France*  Theodora  Parson*. 

Charles  Scribner's  Son*.    $1.50. 
Wild  Life  at  Home.     By  Richard  Kearton.     Cassell  A  Co. 

$1.50. 
A  First  Book  of  Bird*.    By  Olive  Thome  Miller.    Houghton, 

Mifflin  A  Co.    $1. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


27 


TOPICS  IX   LEADING   PERIODICALS. 

July,  1899. 

"Americanism,"  True  and  False.  Win.  Barry.  No.  American. 
Anglo- American  Entente.  Lord  Charles  Beresford.  Pall  Mall. 
Art  Sales  of  1898.     W.  Roberts.     Magazine  of  Art. 
Australian  Horseman,  The.     H.  C.  Macllwaine.     Harper. 
Bird  Rock.    Frank  M.  Chapman.     Century. 
Bonheur.  Rosa.     £.  Knaufft.     Review  of  Reviews. 
Channel  Passage,  A,  1855.    A.C.Swinburne.    No.  American. 
Chicago,  Modern  Architecture  in.    P.  B.  Wight.    Pall  Mall. 
Chinese  Sketches.     Elizabeth  Washburn.     Atlantic. 
Colonial  Diary,  A.     Agnes  Repplier.     Atlantic. 
Colonies,  Trade  Policy  with  the.     W.  C.  Ford.    Harper. 
Columbus,  Was  he  Morally  Irresponsible  ?     Forum. 
Cuba,  Our  Position  in,  The  Logic  of.     North  American. 
Drama,  A  Theory  of  the.     Ferris  Greenslet.    Forum. 
Eliot,  George.     Annie  Fields.     Century. 

England  and  Transvaal.     Sydney  Brooks.    North  American. 
England,  English  Writer's  Notes  on.   Vernon  Lee.   Atlantic. 
English  Literature,  Right  Approach  to.  M.  H.  Liddell.  Atlan. 
Foreign  Mail  Service  at  New  York.     Scribner. 
France,  Modern  History  and  Historians  in.    Rev.  of  Reviews. 
Furniss,  Harry.     M.  H.  Spielmann.     Magazine  of  Art. 
Greater  New  York,  Government  of.    B.  S.  Coler.   No.  Amer. 
Harte,  Bret,  in  California.    Noah  Brooks.     Century. 
Havana  since  the  Occupation.    J.  F.  J.  Archibald.   Scribner. 
Hugo,  Victor,  Draftsman  and  Decorator.     Century. 
Imperialism,  English.     William  Cunningham.    Atlantic. 
International  Law  in  Late  War.     H.  W.  Rogers.     Forum. 
Kipling  and  Racial  Instinct.     H.  R.  Marshall.     Century. 
La  Farge,  John,  Work  of.     Russell  Sturgis.     Scribner. 
Literature,  True  American  Spirit  in.  Chas.  Johnston.  Atlantic. 
"Much  Ado  about  Nothing,"  Plot  of.  H.H.Furness.  Atlan. 
Negro,  Future  of  the.     W.  H.  Councill.     Forum. 
Novels,  The  Hundred  Best.    W.  E.  Henley.     Pall  Mall. 
Peace,  Universal.    Baroness  Bertha  von  Siittner.   No.  Amer. 
Philadelphia,  Old,  Salon  in.    Anne  H.  Wharton.   Lippincott. 
Philippine  Situation,  Phases  of.    John  Barrett.   Rev.  of  Rev. 
Philippines,  Gold  in  the.    R.  R.  Lala.    Review  of  Reviews. 
Pig  Iron  and  Prosperity.     G.  H.  Hull.     North  American. 
Porto  Rico,  Currency  of.     James  D.  Whelpley.     Forum. 
Public  Schools,  Our.   Mrs.  S.  Van  Rensselaer.  No.  American. 
"Robinson  Crusoe,"  Making  of.    J.  C.  Hadden.    Century. 
Rosebery  and  the  Premiership.     H.  W.  Lucy.     Forum. 
Royal  Academy  and  the  New  Gallery.    Magazine  of  Art. 
Russo-American  Understanding,  A  Plea  for.    No.  American. 
Scott's  First  Love.    F.  M.  F.  Skene.     Century. 
Small  Deer.    Ernest  Ingersoll.    Lippincott. 
Spanish  Occupancy  in  our  Southwest,  Scenes  of.   Rev.  of  Rev. 
Stevenson  in  Samoa.    Isobel  O.  Strong.     Century. 
Street  Vehicles,  Self-Propelled .    G.  J.  Varney.    Lippincott. 
Telegraphy.  Wireless.     H.  G.  Marillier.     Pall  Mall. 
Tenement,  The,  Curing  its  Blight.    J.  A.  Riis.    Atlantic. 
Treaty-Making  Power,  The.    Charles  B.  Elliott.     Forum. 
Tropics,  White  Race  and  the.     Truxton  Beale.     Forum. 
Trust,  Building  of  a.    H.  W.  Thomas.    Lippincott. 
Trust  Problem,  The.    W.  A.  Peffer.    Forum. 
Vedder,  Elihu,  and  his  Exhibition.    E.  Radford.  Mag.  of  Art. 
Velasquez,  Tercentenary  of.   Chas.  Whibley.   No.  American. 
Webster,  Daniel.    George  F.  Hoar.     Scribner. 
Women,  What  Are  They  Striving  for  ?    Lippincott. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

[The  following  list,  containing  60  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  MEMOIRS. 
Reminiscences.   By  Justin  McCarthy,  M.P.   In  2  vols.,  with 

portrait,  8vo,  gilt  tops,  uncut.   Harper  &  Brothers.   84.50. 
The  Autobiography  of  Mrs.  Oliphant.  Edited  by  Mrs.  Cag- 

hill.  With  portraits,  8vo,  uncut.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $3.50. 
The  Life  of  Prince  Bismarck.     By  William  Jacks.    Illus., 

large  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  512.     Maemillan  Co.     84. 


Life  and  Remains  of  the  Rev.  R.  H.  Quick.  Edited  by 
F.  Storr.  With  portrait,  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  544. 
Maemillan  Co.  $1.50  net. 

The  Life  of  Nelson:  The  Embodiment  of  the  Sea  Power  of 
Great  Britain.  By  Captain  A.  T.  Mahan,  D.C.I ...  Second 
edition,  revised  ;  illus.,  8vo,  gilt  top,  pp.  764.  Little,  Brown, 
&  Co.  $3. 

John  Milton :  A  Short  Study  of  his  Life  and  Works.  By 
William  P.  Trent.  12mo,  pp.  285.  Maemillan  Co.  75  cte. 

HISTORY. 

The  Rough  Riders.    By  Theodore  Roosevelt.    Illus.,  8 vo, 

gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  298.     Charles  Scribner's  Sons.     $2. 
The  Making  of  Hawaii :  A  Study  in  Social  Evolution.    By 

William  Fremont  Blackman.     Large  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 

pp.  266.    Maemillan  Co.     $2. 
The    Real    Hawaii:    Its  History  and  Present  Condition, 

including  the  True  Story  of  the  Revolution.    By  Lucien 

Young,  U.  S.  N.     Illus.,  12mo,   pp.  371.    Doubleday  & 

McClure  Co.    $1.50. 
A  History  of  the  Jewish  People  during  the  Babylonian, 

Persian,  and  Greek  Periods.     By  Charles  Foster  Kent, 

Ph.D.     With  maps  and  charts.    12mo,  pp.  380,    Charles 

Scribner's  Sons.     $1.25  net. 
The  Labadist  Colony  in  Maryland.  By  Bartlett  B.  James, 

Ph.D.     Large  8vo,   uncut,   pp.  45.     Baltimore :    Johns 

Hopkins  Press.    Paper,  50  cts. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 
An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Dante.    By  John  Ad- 

diugton  Symonds.     Fourth  edition  ;  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 

pp.288.    Maemillan  Co.     $2. 
Dante  Interpreted.    By  Epiphanius  Wilson.    12mo,  gilt  top, 

pp.  201.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.     81.50. 
The  Century  Illustrated  Monthly  Magazine.  Vol.  LVIL, 

November,  1898,  to  April,  1899.   Illus.,  large  8vo,  gilt  top, 

pp.  960.    Century  Co.    83. 

Black  Canyon,  Not  I,  and  Other  Stevensoniana :  A  Fac- 
simile Reprint.  24mo,  gilt  top.  M.  F.  Mansfield  &  A. 

Wessels.    75  cts.  net. 

NEW  EDITIONS  OF  STANDARD  LITERATURE. 

Departmental  Ditties  and  Ballads  and  Barrack-Room 
Ballads.  By  Rudyard  Kipling.  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 
pp.  217.  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.  $1.50. 

The  Works  of  Shakespeare,  "  Eversley  "  edition.  Edited 
by  C.  H.  Herford,  Litt.D.  Vol.  IV.  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  494. 
Maemillan  Co.  $1.50. 

The  Prometheus  Bound  of  .aSschylus.  Trans.,  with  Intro- 
duction and  Notes,  by  Paul  Elmer  More.  12mo,  pp.  110. 
Hough  ton,  Miffiin  &  Co.  $1. 

Temple  Classics.  Edited  by  Israel  Gollancz,  M.A.  New 
vols.:  Plutarch's  Lives,  trans,  by  Sir  Thomas  North, 
Vols.  IV.  and  V. ;  Discourses  of  Epictetus,  trans,  by  Eliza- 

.  beth  Carter,  in  2  vols.  Each  with  photogravure  frontis- 
piece, 24mo,  gilt  top,  uncut.  Maemillan  Co.  Per  vol.,  50c. 

Cassell's  National  Library:  Shakespeare's  Othello;  Sheri- 
dan's The  Rivals  and  The  School  for  Scandal.  Each  24mo, 
Cassell  &  Co.,  Ltd.  Per  vol.,  paper,  10  cts. 

POETRY. 

The  Man  with  the  Hoe,  and  Other  Poems.  By  Edwin 
Markham.  With  photogravure  frontispiece,  12mo,  uncut, 
pp.  134.  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.  $1. 

FICTION. 

When  the  Sleeper  Wakes.  By  H.  G.  Wells.   Illus.,  12mo, 

pp.  329.    Harper  &  Brothers.     $1.50. 
Richard  Carvel.    By  Winston  Churchill.    Illus.,  12mo,  gilt 

top,  uncut,  pp.  538.     Maemillan  Co.    $1.50. 
Miss  Cayley's  Adventures.   By  Grant  Allen.  Illus.,  12mo, 

pp.  344.    G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.    $1.50. 
The  Garden  of  Swords.    By  Max  Pemberton.  Illus.,  12mo, 

pp.329.   Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.    $1.50. 
In  Vain.    By  Henry k  Sienkie  wicz  ;  trans,  from  the  Polish  by 

Jeremiah  Curtin.     12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  237.    Little, 

Brown,  &  Co.    $1.25. 
A  Gentleman  Player:  His  Adventures  on  a  Secret  Mission 

for  Queen  Elizabeth.  By  Robert  Neilson  Stephens.  Illus., 

12mo,  pp.  438.    L.  C.  Page  &  Co.    81.50. 
The  Carcellini  Emerald,  with  Other  Tales.  By  Mrs.  Burton 

Harrison.    Illus..  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  314.    H.  S. 

Stone  &  Co.    $1.50. 


28 


THE    DIAL 


[July  1, 


Cromwell's  Own:  A  Story  of  the  Great  Civil  War.    By 

Arthur  Patorsost.  12mo,  pp.  407.  Harper  &  Brothers.  $1.50. 
The  L*dy  of  the  Flair-Flowers.    By  Kloivnr*  Wilkinson. 

16mo,  gilt  top.  pp.  364.    H.  8.  Stone  A  Co.    Si. SO. 
Pierre  and  Jean.    By  Guy  de  Maupassant ;  tram,  from  the 

Freaoh  by  Hugh  Craig;  with  Preface  by  the  author.  Illus.. 

12mo,  pp.  3i«.     Brentano's.    S1.2S. 
Prisoners  and  Captive*.  By  Henry  Seton  Merriroan.  Ulna., 

I'.'rao,  pp.  393.     R.  F.  Feano  A  Co.    $1.25. 
The  Dreamers:  A  Club.   By  John  Kendrick  Bangs.   I II  us., 

16mo,  uncut,  pp.  249.     Harper  A  Brother*.    $1.25. 
Fortune's  My  Foe:    A  Romance.     By  John   Blonndelle- 

Bartoo.  1'Jiuo.  pp.345.  D.  Appleton  A  Co.  $1.;  paper,  50c. 
Windy  Creek.  By  Helen  Stnart  Thompson.   12mo.  gilt  top, 

uncut,  pp.  356.    Charles  Scribner's  Sons.     $1.25. 
At  a  Winter's  Fire.    By  Bernard  Capes.    12iuo,  pp.  303. 

Doubleday  A  McClnre  Co.    $1. -'.'>. 
The  Angel  of  the  Covenant.  By  J.  Maclaren  Cobban.  12mo, 

pp.  861.     R.  P.  Fenno  A  Co.    f  1.60. 
Vengeance  of  the  Female.    By  Marion  Wiloox.    Illns., 

12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  318.     H.  S.  Stone  A  Co.    $1.50. 
Martyrs  of  Empire;  or,   Dinkibar.     By  Herbert  C.  Mc- 

Ilwaine.    12mo,  pp.  310.    R.  F.  Fenno  &  Co.    $1.25. 
The  Pedagogues:  A  Story  of  the  Harvard  Summer  School. 

By  Arthur  Stanwood  Pier.    12mo,  uncut,  pp.  287.    Small, 

Maynard  &  Co.    $1.25. 
The  House  of  Strange  Secrets :  A  Detective  Story.    By 

A.  Eric  Bayly,   l-'mo,  pp.  262.   E.  P.  Dutton  A  Co.   $1.25. 
The  Afghan  Knife.    By  Robert  Arraitage  Sterndale.    New 

edition ;  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  444.     Brentano's.     $1.25. 
Vaasar  Studies.   By  Julia  Augusta  Schwartz.   Illns.,  12mo, 

pp.  290.    G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.    $1.25. 
The  Yellow  Wall  Paper.    By  Charlotte  Perkins  Stetson. 

16mo,  uncut,  pp.  55.    Small,  May  nardA  Co.    50cts. 
A  June  Romance.    By  Norman  Gale.    With  frontispiece, 

IHmo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  183.    H.  S.  Stone  A  Co.    75  cts. 
The  Maid  he  Married.     By  Harriet  Preacott  Spofford. 

With  frontispiece,  IKino,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  201.     H.  S. 

Stone  A  Co.    75  cts. 
Twin   Oaks.     By  Whitfield  G.    Howell.     l-'mo,   pp.  350. 

F.  Tennyson  Neely.    $1. 

NATURE  STUDIES. 

Nature  Studies  in  Berkshire.  By  John  Coleman  Adams ; 
illus.  in  photogravure  from  original  photographs  by  Arthur 
Scott.  Large  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  225.  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons.  $3.75. 

Our  Gardens.  By  S.  Reynolds  Hole.  Illus.  in  photogravure, 
etc.,  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  304.  "Haddon  Hall  Li- 
brary." Macmillan  Co.  $3. 

Every- Day  Butterflies:  A  Group  of  Biographies.  By  Sam- 
uel Hubbard  Scudder.  Illus.  in  colors,  etc.,  12mo,  pp.  391 . 
Honghton,  Mifflin  A  Co.  $2. 

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thor  of  "  A  Great  Love."     IGmo,  81.25.  By  EDWARD  ROWLAND  SILL.    Small  IGmo,  81.00. 

THE  WIRE-CUTTERS.  THE  LADDER  OF  FORTUNE. 

A  Dramatic  Story  of  Texas.   By  Mrs.  M.  E.  M.  DAVIS,      By  FRANCES  COURTENAT  BAYLOR,  author  of  "  Claudia 
author  of  "  Under  the  Mao-Fig."   Crown  8vo,  81.50.  Hyde,"  etc.     Crown  8vo,  81.50. 

bU.her..      HOUGHTON,  MIFFLIN  &  CO.,  BOSTON. 

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A  Great  Historical  Novel  by  Charles  Lever. 

Gerald  Fitzgerald,  the  Chevalier. 

By  CHARLES  LEVER,  author  of  "  Harry  Lorrequer,"  etc.    With  an  etched  frontispiece  by  A.  D.  McCORMlCK. 

Crown  8vo,  cloth,  uncut,  gilt  top,  $1.50. 

This  is  no  miniature,  fragmentary,  or  imperfect  work  which  the  author  desired  to  suppress,  but  a  carefully  finished  and 
finely  conceived  historical  novel,  quite  up  to  its  author's  very  best  work.  The  reason  it  was  not  included  in  Lever's  collected 
works  was  a  personal  matter  between  the  proprietors  of  the  Dublin  University  Magazine  and  the  author,  and  is  given  at  some 
length  in  the  preface.  It  is  a  wonderful  and  graphic  picture  of  the  French  Revolution,  with  portraits  very  carefully  drawn 
of  some  of  the  sanguinary  characters  of  the  time.  The  principal  figure  looming  up  with  tremendous  significance  all  through 
the  book  is  that  of  Mirabean. 


An  Exiled  Scot. 


From  Culloden  to  the  Settlement  of  the  Dutch  East  India  Company. 

By   H.   A.  BRYDEN,  author  of  "Gan  and  Camera  in  Southern  Africa."     With  a  frontispiece  by  J.  8. 
CROMPTON,  R.I.    Crown  8vo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  $1.50. 

"  Mr.  Bryden.  already  favourably  known  by  his  South  African  stories  and  sporting  sketches,  has  turned  his  local  knowl- 
edge and  historical  researches  to  excellent,  account  in  'An  Exiled  Soot.'  .  .  .  The  pictures  of  life  at  the  Cape  during  the 
early  Dutch  occupation,  and  in  the  Isle  of  France,  and  of  encounters  with  pirates,  lions,  and  savages,  are  executed  with  much 
spint  and  skill."  —  Spectator  \ 

A  NEW  STORY  BY  THE  AUTHOR  OP  "BY  RIGHT  OP  SWORD." 

A  Dash  for  a  Throne. 

By  ARTHUR  W.  MARCHMONT.     Illustrated  by  D.   MURRAY  SMITH.     Printed  on  featherweight  paper 
richly  decorated  cover.     Large  I2mo,  $1.25. 

A  new  novel  by  the  author  of  that  popular  story,  "  By  Right  of  Sword,"  will  be  welcomed  by  all  lovers  of  good  fiction. 
The  scene  is  laid  in  Bavaria,  mostly  in  the  neighborhood  of  Munich,  and  the  plot  centres  around  the  throne  of  the  late  King 
laidwig,  known  as  the  "  Mad  King,"  whose  eccentricities  were  the  talk  of  Europe  a  few  years  ago.  The  characters,  one 
of  whom  is  the  present  Emperor  of  Germany,  are  excellently  drawn,  and  the  interest  of  the  reader  is  sustained  from  start 
to  finish. 

The  publishers  are  pleased  to  note  that  the  advance  ordert  have  exhausted  the  first  large  edition. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


33 


HENRY  HOLT  &  CO. 


29  WEST  TWENTY-THIRD  STREET, 
'f  NEW  YORK  CITY, 

HAVE  JUST  PUBLISHED: 

DOWSON  AND  MOORE'S  ADRIAN  ROME. 

A  Contemporary  Portrait.     1*2 mo. 

In  Adrian  Home,  a  London  poet  who  allows  circumstances  to  turn  him  from  his  ideals  and  make  him  a  man  of  fashion, 
the  authors  have  produced  a  notable  character  study  that  will  appeal  to  thoughtful  people.  There  are  two  love  themes 
in  the  novel  and  the  conversations  are  often  epigrammatic.  The  glimpses  of  university  life  at  Oxford  are  truly  lifelike, 
and  even  the  minor  characters  are  drawn  with  indelible  skill. 

KRAUSSE'S  RUSSIA   IN  ASIA. 

A  Record  and  a  Study,  1558-1899.     With  Appendix,  Index,  and  12  Maps.     8vo. 

A  book  on  a  question  of  great  present  interest.  The  author  is  an  authority  to  whom  some  of  the  leading  English 
periodicals  habitually  intrust  the  treatment  of  the  exigencies  that  arise  from  Great  Britain's  competition  with  Russia  in 
Asia.  His  knowledge  of  the  history  and  statistics  of  his  subject  is  probably  unsurpassed. 

ROOK'S  THE  HOOLIGAN   NIGHTS. 

Being  the  life  and  opinions  of  a  young  and  unrepentant  criminal  recounted  by  himself,  as  set  forth  by 

Clarence  Rook.     12mo,  $1.25. 

The  actual  experiences  of  "The  Hooligan,"  a  London  thief,  are  here  set  down  by  his  quondam  acquaintance,  Mr. 
Clarence  Rook,  a  journalist.  Alf .  Hooligan  is  a  Cockney  with  a  humor  and  vernacular  worthy  of  Chevalier.  His  remin- 
iscences include  interesting  criminological  information,  told  with  the  charm  of  fiction.  This  book  does  for  the  criminal 
quarters  of  London  somewhat  what  Hugo's  "  Notre  Dame  de  Paris  "  did  for  those  of  Paris. 

THEY  HAVE  RECENTLY  PUBLISHED: 


OXENHAM'S  GOD'S  PRISONER.       • 

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Dial:  "One  of  the  most  captivating  works  of  fiction  that  it  has 
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we  doubt  if  he  could  do  better  than  select  this  work." 

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America  in  the  East. 

A  Glance  at  Our  History,  Prospects,  Problems,  and 
Duties  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

By  WILLIAM  ELLIOT  GKIFFIS,  author  of  "The  Mikado's 

Empire,"  etc.    Cloth,  12mo,  illustrated,  $1.50. 

"  A  concise  and  aggressive  review  of  the  events  which  have  com- 
pelled respect  for  us  in  the  Pacific,  of  our  enterprise  in  the  islands  and 
countries  of  that  region,  and  of  the  present  situation. " — Boston  Herald. 

"Dr.  Griffis  has  written  the  strongest,  most  scholarly,  and  most 
finished  plea  in  behalf  of  territorial  expansion  that  has  yet  appeared." 
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doubtful  as  to  our  right  to  take  and  hold  the  Philippines."—  Washing- 
ton Star. 


An  American  Cruiser  in  the  East. 

By  Chief  Engineer  JOHN  D.  FORD,  U.  S.  N.,  Fleet  Engineer 
at  Manila  in  1898.    Second  Edition,  with  Battle  of  Manila. 
536  pages,  over  200  illustrations,  12mo,  cloth,  $2..lO. 
"  There  has  appeared  since  the  events  of  last  May  [1898]  no  clearer 
nor  at  the  same  time  less  pretentious  description  of  the  (Philippine) 
islands,  the  people,  and  their  characteristics  and  needs ;   and  Chief 
Engineer  Ford's  ideas  about  our  duties  to  the  Filipinos,  and  the  possi- 
bilities of  commerce  with  them  in  the  future,  are  important  as  coming 
from  a  man  whose  judgment  is  entirely  uninfluenced  by  political  con- 
siderations."—  New  York  Sun. 


Mistress  Content  Cradock. 

By  ANNIE  ELIOT  TRUMBULL, 

Author  of  "  A  Christmas  Accident,"  "  Rod's  Salvation," 

and  other  stories. 

12mo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  illustrated,  $1.00. 
"  Winsome  and  captivating,  Content  pleases  us  of 
to-day  as  she  did  the  lovers  who  waited  patiently  to 
obtain  the  gift  of  her  not  too  easily  engaged  heart,  and 
the  quiet  story  of  her  fortunes  is  well  worth  following.  A 
novel  of  this  kind  is  often  an  excellent  sidelight  thrown 
upon  history,  especially  when  pains  have  been  taken  to 
show  the  manners  and  customs  of  a  time  at  their  best." 
—  Literature. 

By  the  same  Author. 

A  Cape  Cod  Week. 

12  mo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  $1.00. 

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be  spent  at  other  places  of  popular  resort." — Boston 
Transcript. 

"  It  is  delightful  reading  for  both  young  and  old.  It 
is  light,  bright,  breezy,  pure,  full  of  delicate  humor,  and 
fragrant  of  sea  and  shore." — New  York  Independent. 


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34  THE     DIAL  [Julyl 

RECENTLY  ISSUED: 

A  DICTIONARY  OF  THE  BIBLE. 

Intended  for  the  Sabbath-School  Teacher  and  all  other  Students  of  the  Bible. 

By  JOHN  D.  DAVIS,  Ph.D.,  D.D., 
Professor  of  Semitic  Philology  and  Old  Testament  History  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton,  N.  J. 

With  many  New  and  Original  Mapt  and  Plant,  and  Fully  Jlluitrated. 
One  Volume,  Octavo,  802  Pages.  Price,  $2.00  net ;  Postage,  25  Cents. 

From  The  Independent,  New  York  : 

"The  attractive  feature*  of  this  new  Bible  Dictionary  are  that  it  ia  in  one  not  over  large  octavo  volume,  that  it  U  up-to- 
date,  and  that  it  represent*  the  conservative  orthodox  scholarship.  It  does  this,  however,  in  a  broad  and  comprehensive  way. 
.  .  .  Everything  is  omitted  which  was  not  considered  distinctly  useful  to  the  Biblical  student,  and  speculative  matter  is  not 
introduced.  The  illustrative  matter  is  full  and  used  in  a  systematic  way.  .  .  .  The  maps  are  recent,  accurate,  and  most  of 
them  drawn  specially  for  the  work.  .  .  .  Such  a  dictionary  cannot  fail  of  being  extremely  useful.  In  fact  it  stands  alone  at 
the  present  time  as  the  only  available  compendium  of  up-to-date  Biblical  information  in  the  English  language." 


THE  CONVERSION  OF  THE  MAORIS. 

By  the  Rev.  DONALD  MACDOUQALL,  B.D. 

An  attractive  volume  of  over  two  hundred  pages,  narrating  in  an  entertaining  manner  the  conversion  of  the 
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1899]  THE     DIAL,  35 

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"D'ARCY   OF   THE   GUARDS." 

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By  ROBERT  HERRICK: 

"LOVE'S    DILEMMAS." 

"  The  work  of  a  genius." — Cincinnati  Commercial  Tribune.     12mo,  cloth 1.50 

By  E.  RAYNER: 

"  IN  CASTLE  AND  COLONY." 

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"A    FAIR   BRIGAND." 

A  story  of  love  and  adventure  in  Modern  Greece.    Illustrated.    16mo,  cloth 1.25 

By  the  Author  of  "  Without  Sin  ": 

"THE   PASSION   OF    ROSAMOND    KEITH." 

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By  Mrs.  L.  B.  WALFORD: 

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Short  stories  by  this  popular  English  author.     Frontispiece  by  VIOLET  OAKLEY.    16mo,  cloth    .       .75 

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Seven  short  stories,  illustrated  by  some  of  our  best  artists.     12 mo,  cloth 1.50 

By  MARIA  LOUISE  POOL: 

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36  TIIK     DIAL  [July  1,1899. 

GOOD  SUMMER  READING 

An  Attractive  List  of  Books 


KUOM 


THE  RAND-MCNALLY  PRESS 


Just  Published.     '•  The  story  of  the  year." 

THE  LAUNCHING  OF  A  MAN. 

By  STANLEY  WATERLOO, 
Author  of  "The  Story  of  Ab,"  "A  Man  and  a  Woman,"  etc. 

This  is  one  of  the  few  late  novels  whose  pages  make  good  the  title  of  the  book.  The  author  has  constructed 
his  great  story  on  the  understanding  that  before  a  man  is  "launched  "  he  has  some  further  graduating  to  do 
after  receiving  his  sheepskin  from  the  university.  He  takes  his  hero,  duly  laureated,  out  into  the  exacting 
world  of  American  business  life,  where  he  fully  developes  his  manhood. 

12mo,  cloth.     Price,  $1.25. 


THE  WHITE  LADY  OF  KHAMINAVTKA, 

By  Colonel  RICHARD  HENRY  SAVAGE. 

12mo,  cloth;  price,  81.00;  paper,  Rialto  Series,  50  cents. 
A  pleasing  romance  of  Russia. 


A  YANKEE  FROM  THE  WEST.     By  OPIE  READ. 

12mo,  eloth.     Price,  81.00. 
A   STRONG   NOVEL,   ALIVE  WITH  ACTION. 


MISS  NUME  OF  JAPAN.   By  ONOTO  WATANNA. 

A  Japanese-American  romance.     12mo,  cloth.     Price,  81-25. 
SPECIAL  EDITIONS  OF  FOUR  POPULAR  PAPER  NOVELS  IN  THE  ORIENTAL  LIBRARY. 


TOLD   IN  THE   HILLS. 

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CHECKED  THROUGH. 

By  Col.  RICHARD  HENRY  SAVAGE. 


AN  ARKANSAS   PLANTER. 

By  OPIE  READ. 

DEVIL'S   DICE. 

By   WILLIAM   LEQUEUX. 


Price  each,  Twenty-five  cents. 
IN  PRESS: 


A  MARRIED   MAN. 

By  FRANCES  AYMAR  MATHEWS. 
12mo,  cloth,  81.25. 

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THE   ROMANCE  OF  GRAYLOCK  MANOR. 

By  LOUISE  F.  P.  HAMILTON. 
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•SEXD   FOB  A    COMPLETE    CATALOGUE. 


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</?  SEMI -MONTHLY  JOURNAL  OF 

Critrrism,  gtscussicnt,  antr  Jfnfcrmafron. 


EDITED  BY       )  Volume  xxvu.       r1  wir1  A  rr\    TTTT  v  1  R   t  SQQ        J0  c<*' a  copy>  I  ^"INE  ARTS  BUILDING 

FRANCIS  F.  BROWNE.  I         No.  314.  L/llIv^AllU,  J  UljJL     Ib,   loyy.  SZ.ayear.     (        Rooms  610-630-631. 


A  GENTLEMAN  PLAYER 

His  Adventures  on  a  Secret  Mission  for  Queen  Elizabeth 

BY 

ROBERT  NEILSON  STEPHENS 

Illustrated  by  FRANK  T.  MERRILL 

One  Volume,  Library  12mo,  Cloth,  450  pages.     Price,  $1.50. 
FIRST  EDITION  (5,000  COPIES)  SOLD  OUT.    SECOND  EDITION  IN  PREPARATION. 


Early  Press  Notices  of  "A  Gentleman  Player." 

"  The  best  book  that  Mr.  Stephens  has  yet  written." — New  York  Times. 

"  Nothing  better  has  been  done  since  *  The  Prisoner  of  Zenda '  took  two  reading 
worlds  by  storm." — Philadelphia  Item. 

"  The  story  is  a  lively  one,  and  the  entanglements  of  the  plot  chain  the  attention." — 
Portland  Transcript. 

"  In  '  An  Enemy  to  the  King '  Robert  Neilson  Stephens  achieved  so  great  a  success 
that  his  last  venture,  '  A  Gentleman  Player,'  has  been  anticipated  with  an  interest  which 
the  reading  of  the  book  fully  justifies." — Detroit  Free  Press. 

"  An  altogether  interesting  romance,  well  conceived  and  well  told." — Boston  Journal. 


MR.  STEPHENS'  PREVIOUS  WORKS  : 
AN   ENEMY   TO  THE   KING    (Eighteenth  Thousand) 
THE   CONTINENTAL   DRAGOON    (Sixteenth  Thousand) 
THE   ROAD   TO   PARIS   (Fifteenth  Thousand) 


L.  C.  PAGE  &  COMPANY,  PUBLISHERS,  BOSTON 


38 


THE   DIAL 


[July  16,  1899. 


NE,^0B°°™KES  MACMILLAN  COMPANY. 


"  One  of  the  greatest  of  American  novels." 

RICHARD    CARVEL. 


Published  June  1. 
Second  Edition,  June  8. 
Third  Edition,  June  IS. 
Fourth  Edition,  June  SI. 

Fifth  Edition,  completing  By  WINSTON  CHURCHILL,  author  of 

tS,OOOt  in  Prtts.  "  The  Celebrity." 

"One  of  the  most  delightful  and  fascinating  studies  of  manners  and  stories  of  adventure  which  has  yet  appeared  in  our 
literature.*'— HAMILTON  W.  MABIB,  in  The  Outlook. 


Cloth  Extra, 
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Side  Lights  on  American  History. 

By  HKKRT  W.  ELBOK,  A.M..  Lecturer  of  the  American 
{Society  for  the  Extension  of  University  Teaching. 
NATIONAL  PBBIOD  BBJTORB  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

ifimii.  Cloth,  price  75  cents. 

Intended  to  illustrate  and  nipplement  the  too  meagre  outlines  in 
common  use.     A  most  attractive  teacher'*  aid. 


Source  Book  of  American  History. 

Edited  for  Schools  and  Readers  by  ALBKHT  HI-HHNKLI-  HART, 
Ph.D.,  Professor  of  History  in  Harvard  University.  With 
Practical  Introductions.  Illustrated  by  facsimiles,  etc. 

12mo.  Cloth,  price  6O  cents  net. 

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THE  DIAL,  Fine  Arts  Building,  Chicago. 


No.  S14. 


JULY  16,  1899.      Vol.  XXVII. 


CONTEXTS. 


VICTOR  CHERBULIEZ 39 

GEORGE  W.  JULIAN 41 

COMMUNICATION 41 

A  Reviewer  Out  of  Perspective.      Frederick    W. 
Gookin. 

MR.    JUSTIN    MCCARTHY'S    REMINISCENCES. 

E.G.J. 42 

OUR  NATIONAL  POLICY.    John  J.  Halsey   ...    45 

DR.  BALE'S  COLLECTED  WRITINGS.     Bichard 

Burton .46 

THE  LIFE  OF  EDWIN  M.  STANTON.    George  W. 

Julian 48 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 52 

The  latest  from  Lafcadio  Hearn. — Railroading  up- 
to-date.  —  An  entertaining  and  truthful  book  on 
Empress  Eugenie. —  More  of  the  Bible  Dictionary. — 
Study  of  Economics  in  schools.  —  Recreations  of  a 
lawyer. —  A  capital  Hibernian  jest-book. —  A  woman 
on  a  Western  ranch. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 54 

LITERARY  NOTES 55 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .    55 


VICTOR   CHERBULIEZ. 

There  are  readers  not  a  few  to  whom  the 
death  of  Victor  Cherbuliez  will  prove  a  loss 
altogether  out  of  proportion  to  his  importance 
as  a  figure  in  French  literature.  "  I  could  have 
better  spared  a  better  man  "  will  be  the  feeling, 
if  not  the  utterance,  of  the  many  thousands  to 
whom  the  long  series  of  his  novels  have  been  an 
unfailing  source  of  entertainment  and  delight. 
The  appearance  of  a  new  book  by  this  talented 
writer  never  brought  with  it  the  thrill  of  a 
prospective  sensation,  and  never  led,  as  far  as 
we  are  aware,  to  any  excited  public  discussion, 
ranging  its  friends  and  its  enemies  in  two  op- 
posing camps.  But  the  promise  of  each  new 
novel  (after  the  first  few  had  given  evidence 
of  the  writer's  quality)  aroused  in  the  novelist's 
ever-widening  audience  a  sense  of  quiet  antici- 
patory satisfaction  that  was,  perhaps,  as  fine  a 
tribute  to  his  merit  as  the  loud  outcries  which 
heralded  the  books  of  the  more  conspicuous 
among  his  contemporaries. 

No  less  than  twenty-two  novels  have  come 
from  the  pen  of  this  industrious  writer  during 
the  past  thirty-five  years.  Most  of  them  made 
their  first  appearance  in  "  La  Revue  des  Deux 
Mondes,"  for  which  periodical  Cherbuliez  be- 
came as  much  of  a  stand-by  as  George  Sand 
had  been  during  the  preceding  quarter-century 
or  more.  The  list  of  the  novels  is  as  follows : 
"  Le  Comte  Kostia,"  "  Prosper  Randoce," 
"  Paule  Mere,"  "  Le  Roman  d'une  Honnete 
Femme,"  "  Le  Grand-Oeuvre,"  "  L'Aventure 
de  Ladislas  Bolski,"  "  La  Revanche  de  Joseph 
Noirel,"  "  Meta  Holdenis,"  "Miss  Rovel," 
"  Le  Fiance  de  Mile.  Saint-Maur,"  "  Samuel 
Brohl  et  Cie.,"  "  L'Idee  de  Jean  Teterol," 
"  Amours  Fragiles,"  "  Noirs  et  Rouges,"  "  La 
Ferine  du  Choquard,"  "  Olivier  Maugant," 
"La  Bete,"  "La  Vocation  du  Comte  Ghis- 
lain,"  "  Une  Gageure,"  "  Le  Secret  du  Pre- 
ceptetir,"  "  Apres  Fortune  Faite,"  and  "  Jac- 
quine  Vanesse."  A  number  of  these  novels 
have  been  translated  into  English,  but  the  ma- 
jority, we  should  say,  have  not  thus  been  made 
accessible  to  those  who  do  not  read  the  original. 
And,  in  our  opinion,  an  enterprising  publisher 
in  England  or  the  United  States  would  find  his 


40 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


account  in  a  complete  uniform  edition  of  this 
series  of  books. 

In  attempting  to  characterize  the  work  of 
Cherbuliez,  it  will  be  best  to  begin  with  a  few 
negative  statements.  We  have  already  said 
that  his  novels  are  not  sensational ;  this  state- 
ment may  be  amplified  by  noting  that  they  offer 
no  devotion  to  the  goddess  of  lubricity,  that 
they  are  neither  erotic  nor  neurotic,  and  that 
they  are  concerned  with  problems  only  as  the 
novelist  finds  problems  useful  for  the  illus- 
tration of  character.  Their  delineative  power 
is,  moreover,  not  remarkable ;  it  betrays  the 
hand  of  the  master-craftsman  rather  than  that 
of  the  creative  artist,  and  the  entire  gallery 
of  figures  includes  few  that  remain  living  in 
the  memory.  When  we  compare  the  most 
studied  of  the  types  offered  us  by  Cherbuliez 
with  even  the  minor  types  of  the  "  Comedie 
Humaine,"  this  distinction  becomes  so  obvious 
that  it  needs  no  argument.  It  may  also  be  said 
that  the  novels  of  Cherbuliez  have  little  or  no 
atmosphere ;  they  have  instead  a  great  deal 
of  careful  local  coloring,  and  over  them  all  is 
shed  the  dry  light  of  the  philosophical  intelli- 
gence. 

Essaying  now  a  more  positive  sort  of  criti- 
cism, we  must  emphasize  once  more  the  unfail- 
ing interest  of  these  books.  The  characters 
are  galvanized  into  just  enough  of  vitality  to 
produce  a  fairly  complete  illusion  when  they 
are  before  us.  They  are,  furthermore,  arranged 
in  extremely  interesting  relations  with  one  an- 
other, and  the  ingenuity  of  the  author  in  devis- 
ing new  situations  is  really  extraordinary.  An 
additional  element  of  freshness  is  provided  by 
the  great  variety  of  scenes  to  which  we  are 
introduced,  and  by  the  extent  to  which  char- 
acters of  other  nationalities  than  the  author's 
own  are  made  to  figure.  The  descriptive  powers 
of  the  novelist  are  admirable,  and  we  "  skip  " 
in  reading  him  at  the  peril  of  missing  some- 
thing delightful  or  important.  In  fact,  his 
readers  soon  learn  that  they  cannot  afford  to 
"  skip  "  him,  for  his  books  have  almost  no  pad- 
ding, and  are  finished  in  the  minutest  details. 
Economy  of  material,  united  with  crispness  in 
expression  and  deftness  in  the  lesser  touches  of 
his  brush,  form  a  combination  of  qualities  that 
go  far  toward  explaining  his  charm.  That  he 
is  both  a  man  of  the  world  and  a  scholar  trained 
in  the  processes  of  exact  thought  are  two  fur- 
ther facts  that  are  frequently  borne  in  upon  the 
reader's  mind ;  the  former  by  the  ease  of  the 
author's  manner  when  dealing  with  many 
diverse  conditions  of  society,  the  latter  by  the 


minute  and  accurate  knowledge  of  a  great  range 
of  subjects,  displayed  by  him  without  ostenta- 
tion as  the  particular  occasion  demands,  and  iu 
the  aggregate  too  extensive  and  solid  to  be 
accounted  for  by  any  theory  of  cramming  or 
"  reading  up  "  for  the  special  purpose  at  hand. 
When  we  add  to  all  that  has  been  said  the  fact 
that  a  gentle  irony  pervades  his  work,  temper- 
ing its  good  sense  and  general  sanity  just  enough 
to  keep  it  from  being  dull  and  prosaic,  we  have, 
in  a  measure,  at  least,  accounted  for  the  feel- 
ing with  which,  having  read  every  one  of  the 
twenty-two  novels,  and  expecting  to  read  all 
of  them  again  in  default  of  fresh  ones,  we 
heard  the  other  day  of  the  death  of  Victor 
Cherbuliez. 

There  is  little  to  be  learned  from  a  chrono- 
logical study  of  this  man's  books.  He  was  one 
of  those  writers  who  early  make  their  mark, 
and  never  alter  it  very  much  after  it  is  once 
made.  His  first  books  and  his  last  display  about 
the  same  characteristics,  and  his  qualities, 
together  with  their  attendant  defects,  appear 
about  as  distinctly  in  the  "  Comte  Kostia  "  of 
1863  as  in  the  "Jacquine  Vanesse"  of  1898. 
His  best  books  are  scattered  among  the  others, 
and  bear  dates  widely  separated.  We  might 
name  among  them  ••  Le  Roman  d'une  Honnete 
Femme,"  "  Me*ta  Holdenis,"  and  "  Le  Secret 
du  Pre'cepteur,"  but  it  seems  invidious  to  sin- 
gle out  even  two  or  three,  because  the  others 
are  nearly  as  good.  Still,  those  just  named 
may  be  recommended  to  readers  desirous  of 
making  the  acquaintance  of  Cherbuliez ;  the 
taste  once  acquired  may  be  trusted  not  to  con- 
tent itself  with  so  little. 

It  should  be  remembered,  also,  that  Cher- 
buliez did  a  great  deal  of  writing  that  was  not 
in  the  form  of  fiction.  Indeed,  his  debut  as  a 
man  of  letters  marked  him  out  for  a  critic  of 
art  and  a  student  of  antiquity  rather  than  for 
a  novelist.  This  book  was  entitled  "  Un  Cheval 
de  Phidias,"  further  described  as  a  series  of 
"  Causeries  Atheniennes."  A  later  volume  of 
what  was  essentially  art  criticism  was  called 
"  L'Art  et  la  Nature."  Cherbuliez  was  also  a 
publicist  and  critic  of  contemporary  society  and 
politics,  in  this  capacity  writing  regularly  for 
••  La  Revue  des  Deux  Mondes,"  under  the 
pseudonym  of  "  G.  Valbert,"  for  a  long  term  of 
years.  His  miscellaneous  papers  upon  these 
subjects  were  collected  into  a  series  of  volumes 
bearing  such  titles  as  "  Profils  Etrangers," 
"  L'Espagne  Politique,"  "  L'Allemagne  Poli- 
tique,"  "llommes  et  Choses  d'Allemagne,"  and 
"  llommes  et  Choses  du  Temps  Present." 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


41 


Finally,  we  mention  the  fact  that  two  of  his 
novels, "  Samuel  Brohl"  and  "Ladislas  Bolski," 
were  dramatized  by  him,  and  won  a  certain 
success  upon  the  boards. 

Charles  Victor  Cherbuliez  (to  give  him  for 
once  his  unfamiliar  full  name)  was  born  in 
Geneva,  July  19, 1829.  His  death  on  the  first 
of  the  present  month  thus  found  him  within  a 
few  days  of  the  completion  of  his  seventieth 
year.  He  was  descended  from  a  Protestant 
family  that  had  found  refuge  in  Switzerland 
after  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes, 
and  in  1880  reclaimed  his  French  citizenship 
under  the  provisions  of  the  law  provided  for 
that  purpose.  His  education  was  cosmopolitan, 
begun  in  Geneva,  and  continued  in  Paris,  Bonn, 
and  Berlin.  In  1881  he  became  one  of  the 
Forty,  and  in  1892,  an  officer  of  the  Legion  of 
Honor.  Long  after  his  resumption  of  French 
citizenship  he  continued  to  live  in  Geneva, 
where  he  occupied  a  chair  in  the  University. 
These  are  the  chief  facts  of  his  externally  un- 
eventful career ;  his  real  life  is  revealed  to  us 
in  the  many  volumes  of  his  published  writings. 


GEORGE  W.  JULIAN. 


George  W.  Julian,  a  public  man  and  writer  of 
distinction,  died  on  the  seventh  hist,  at  his  home  near 
Indianapolis,  Indiana,  the  State  where  he  was  born, 
in  1817.  Mr.  Julian  was  a  lawyer  by  profession, 
but  early  in  life  entered  politics,  and  became  one  of 
the  most  influential  public  men  in  the  Middle  West. 
He  was  one  of  the  earliest  and  most  determined  of 
the  abolitionists,  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Free  Soil  party,  whose  candidate  for  Vice  President 
he  was  in  the  campaign  of  1852.  One  of  the  or- 
ganizers of  the  Republican  party,  he  was  allied  with 
Lincoln  and  Trumbull  and  the  great  men  who  led 
that  party  to  victory  in  1860;  and  in  Congress  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Conduct  of  the 
War,  he  had  an  important  part  in  the  events  of  that 
heroic  time.  Leaving  the  Republican  party  in  1872, 
to  support  Greeley  for  the  Presidency,  he  did  not 
again  take  a  prominent  part  in  politics,  although  he 
held  the  office  of  Surveyor-General  of  New  Mexico 
under  President  Cleveland.  Since  that  time  he  has 
devoted  himself  chiefly  to  books  and  writing.  He 
published  a  volume  of  Political  Recollections  some 
ten  years  ago,  and  was  a  frequent  contributor  to 
periodicals.  Many  of  THE  DIAL'S  reviews  of  books 
in  American  history  of  the  last  half-century  were  by 
him,  and  his  last  literary  work,  a  review  of  Mr. 
Gorham's  Life  of  Secretary  Stanton,  appears  in  the 
present  issue.  In  temperament  and  moral  fibre, 
Mr.  Julian  represented  the  old  school  of  public  men 
now  so  nearly  passed  from  American  life. 


COMMUNICA  TION. 

A  REVIEWER  OUT  OF  PERSPECTIVE. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

In  reading  the  review  entitled  "  Aubrey  Beardsley  in 
Perspective,"  in  THE  DIAL  of  June  16,  one  is  forcibly 
reminded  of  the  saying  that  the  domain  of  art  is  "  a  very 
paradise  for  the  philosopher,"  so  easy  is  it  to  make  a 
show  of  wisdom,  and  by  the  use  of  high-sounding  phrase 
and  the  exercise  of  skill  in  gliding  over  difficulties  to 
lend  to  fallacious  reasoning  an  air  of  plausibility. 
Nevertheless,  he  who  has  the  temerity  to  pass  upon  the 
merit  of  a  work  of  art  ought  to  be  very  certain  that  his 
premises  are  sound  and  based  upon  a  clearly-visioned 
"  fundamental  metapbysic,"  and  that  his  logic  is  irref- 
ragable. How  often,  one  is  tempted  to  ask,  must  the 
fundamental  principle  be  iterated,  before  it  becomes 
plain  to  every  understanding,  that,  aesthetically  consid- 
ered, it  is  not  so  much  what  is  done  as  how  it  is  done 
that  makes  the  difference  in  works  of  art.  Granted 
equal  merit  in  treatment  and  handling,  that  work  will 
be  the  nobler  which  has  the  more  exalted  subject:  but 
the  subject,  although  there  may  be  art  in  choosing  it,  is 
not  in  itself  art;  nor  can  the  value  of  any  man's  work  as 
art  be  estimated  properly  by  discussing  its  ethical  ten- 
dencies. Still  less  can  we  hope  to  arrive  at  a  sound 
conclusion  by  the  not  uncommon  practice  of  reading  into 
the  work  meanings  of  which  the  artist  never  dreamt. 
It  is  true  that  art,  in  so  far  as  it  is  a  medium  of  expres- 
sion, may  be  pressed  into  the  service  of  any  cause,  eth- 
ical or  other.  Yet  is  it  equally  true  that  art,  as  such,  is 
not  ethical,  neither  moral  nor  non-moral,  but  aesthetic. 

Whatever  relative  rank  as  an  artist  we  may  assign  to 
Aubrey  Beardsley,  it  must  be  admitted  that  he  was  an 
artist  in  the  full  sense  of  the  word,  and  that,  too,  an 
artist  who  at  the  early  age  of  twenty-two  had  already 
marked  out  a  path  and  made  a  name  for  himself,  who 
had  so  impressed  his  personality  upon  others  that  he  had 
become  the  leader  of  a  school  and  had  a  numerous  band 
of  followers,  most  of  whom,  be  it  said,  only  succeeded 
in  copying  the  weaknesses  rather  than  the  strong  points 
of  the  master.  That  many  of  his  drawings  are  fantas- 
tically grotesque,  and  some  of  them  even  repulsive,  no 
candid  critic  can  deny.  That  this  grotesquery  was  de- 
liberately meant  by  Beardsley  to  be  an  expression  of 
"  evil "  is  in  my  opinion  a  reading  into  his  work  of  some- 
thing foreign  to  his  intention.  To  me  it  appears  rather 
as  the  expression  of  amused  delight  in  shocking  the 
supersensitiveness  of  prudes  and  in  confounding  the 
ignorance  of  those  who  confuse  sentiment  with  art,  whilst 
entertaining  those  who,  with  him,  could  see  the  drollery 
of  it  all,  and  feel  the  charm  of  the  refinement  of  line, 
the  carefully  studied  composition,  and  the  beauty  of  de- 
tail, that  are  after  all  the  chief  qualities  in  his  work.  As 
Mr.  Arthur  Symons  puts  it:  "The  secret  of  Beardsley 
is  there;  in  the  line  itself  rather  than  in  anything,  intel- 
lectually realised,  which  the  line  is  intended  to  express." 

Every  young  artist  in  the  formative  stages  of  his 
career  is  influenced  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  by  the 
works  of  other  artists  whom  he  admires.  Even  though 
we  were  not  told  by  those  who  were  close  to  him,  it  is 
apparent  in  his  drawings  that  Beardsley  was  profoundly 
impressed  by  the  subtle  harmony,  the  exquisite  bal- 
ancing of  the  masses  and  flow  of  line,  in  the  compositions 
of  Botticelli ;  that  he  also  found  the  same  qualities  in  quite 
a  different,  yet  related,  manifestation  in  Japanese  color- 
prints  by  the  masters  of  the  last  century;  that  having 
studied  the  principles  upon  which  these  works  were 


42 


THE    DIAL 


[.Inly  16, 


baaed,  he  tried  to  carry  them  into  his  own  productions. 
His  delight  and  the  aim  which  is  plainly  shown  in  every- 
thing he  did,  from  the  least  to  the  greatest,  is  in  beauty 
—  beauty  of  composition,  of  line,  of  mass,  of  light  and 
dark  as  related  to  each  other,  of  all  the  elements  that 
combine  to  make  up  what  for  want  of  a  better  term  we 
call  decorative  effect.  Being  a  man  of  strong  imagina- 
tion, be  let  his  pencil  play  over  the  paper,  and,  being 
quick  to  seiie  upon  any  accidental  form  thus  produced, 
he  gradually  developed  a  style  having  originality  as  well 
as  individuality.  As  might  be  expected,  only  a  small 
part  of  the  public  appreciated  the  flner  qualities  in  his 
work,  although  they  appealed  readily  enough  to  his 
brother  artists.  For  the  public  generally  be  became 
merely  the  producer  of  amusing  pictorial  extravaganzas; 
and  for  the  public,  so  far  as  its  views  about  art  are  con- 
cerned, he  became  imbued  with  a  lofty  contempt.  As 
Mr.  Symons  tells  us,  many  of  his  drawings  were  merely 
"  outrageous  practical  jokes,"  done  simply  from  the  de- 
sire "  to  kick  the  public  into  admiration,  and  then  to 
kick  it  for  admiring  the  wrong  thing  or  not  knowing 
why  it  was  admiring."  Yet  in  this  way  he  gained  the 
public  eye,  so  to  speak,  and  not  only  made  himself  famous 
but  secured  a  ready  market  for  his  wares.  Naturally 
his  publishers  influenced  him  in  this  course  by  giving 
commissions  for  the  most  ultra  designs  that  he  could 
produce.  Thus,  we  may  be  assured,  was  he  led  on. 

While  Beardsley's  work  has  thus  a  two-fold  phase, 
the  only  side  upon  which  it  can  be  seriously  considered 
is  the  decorative.  The  grotesque  features  are  interest- 
ing because  of  the  cleverness  of  the  drawing  and  the 
unexpected  touches  that  made  each  new  production  a 
thing  unlike  its  predecessors.  And  there  is  always  the 
subtle  quality  which  we  call  style:  the  stamp  of  a  strong 
individuality.  This  often  redeems  what  would  other- 
wise be  hopelessly  vulgar.  Then,  too,  his  work  is  dar- 
ing, aggressive;  it  forces  itself  upon  one's  attention,  and, 
whatever  else  it  may  be  or  may  not  be,  it  is  never  weak. 

From  the  point  of  view  of  decorative  effect,  Beards- 
ley's  drawings  have  very  considerable  importance.  Curi- 
ously enough,  this  is  not  so  much  because  his  achieve- 
ment was  great,  for  he  never  really  advanced  beyond  the 
stage  of  interesting  performance  and  brilliant  promise. 
But  he  had  decorative  feeling  of  a  high  order;  and  when 
the  force  of  bis  idiosyncrasies  shall  have  been  spent,  it 
will,  I  am  sure,  be  apparent  that  he  rendered  a  great 
service  to  the  cause  of  art  in  opening  the  eyes  of  the 
western  world  to  the  aesthetic  value  of  dark  and  light 
masses  as  elements  in  pictorial  composition.  Had  he 
lived,  it  is  more  than  likely  that  he  would  have  contin- 
ued to  point  the  way  to  a  better  knowledge  of  others  of 
the  fundamental  principles  that  have  been  lost  sight  of, 
or  so  covered  up  as  to  be  scarcely  discernible,  iu  the  mad 
rush  after  ultra  realism  which  until  quite  recently  has 
dominated  the  art  movement  of  the  present  generation. 

In  spite  of  its  immaturity,  I  confidently  predict  that 
it  is  the  early  work  of  Beardsley  which  will  earn  for 
him  the  most  enduring  fame.  What  may  be  called  his 
second  manner  is  less  vigorous,  more  labored,  less  spon- 
taneous. Failing  health  undoubtedly  accounts  for  some- 
thing. Be  that  as  it  may,  the  second  manner  would 
probably  have  given  way  shortly  to  a  third,  and  very 
likely  a  saner  manner  than  either.  If,  on  the  other  hand, 
he  would  have  continued  to  produce  only  the  trivial 
and  bizarre,  deliberately  turning  aside  from  subjects 
affording  scope  for  the  higher  beauty  which  his  friends 
assert  that  be  bad  the  power  to  create,  then  the  world  is 
little  poorer  because  his  career  came  to  an  early  end. 

Chicago,  July  6,  1899.  FREDERICK  W.  GOOKIX. 


Cjje  flrto  Joohs. 


MR.  MCCARTHY'S  RECOLLECTIONS.* 

An  English  reviewer  of  Mr.  Justin  McCar- 
thy's "  Reminiscences,"  who  evidently  felt  bound 
by  his  office  to  say  something  or  other  in  dis- 
praise of  his  author,  scores  him  for  being  so  per- 
tinaciously and  unconscionably  good-humored. 
He  admits  that  the  book  is  fresh  and  entertain- 
ing —  really  a  much  better  book  than  a  man  of 
Mr.  McCarthy's  unfortunate  political  views  and 
party  affiliations  might  be  expected  to  write ; 
and  he,  the  reviewer,  therefore  regrets  the  more 
that  Mr.  McCarthy  should  prove  so  disappoint- 
ingly unable  to  rise  above  his  uniform  dead 
level  of  amiability  and  sweet  reasonableness, 
and  say  something  unpleasant  about  somebody. 
We  have  not,  of  course,  quoted  this  fastidious 
critic  verbatim ;  but  the  above  is  about  the 
substance  of  his  finding.  There  is  no  disputing 
about  tastes ;  and  we  own  that  our  English 
friend's  verdict  struck  us  as  being  tantamount 
to  asserting  that  Mr.  McCarthy's  book  is  im- 
paired by  one  of  its  conspicuous  merits.  In 
fact,  when  taking  a  preliminary  and  pleasantly 
anticipatory  glance  through  Mr.  McCarthy's 
pages  we  had  been  charmed  to  note  how  fairly 
and  considerately,  with  what  unfailing  urban- 
ity, this  active  politician  and  journalist  (prac- 
tical politician  and  daily  journalist,  mark  you) 
speaks  even  of  people  who  must,  in  the  usual 
course  of  things,  have  spoken  quite  otherwise  of 
himself  and  his  party.  Not  that  Mr.  McCarthy 
is  all  honey,  or,  better,  all "  blarney,"  throughout 
his  eight  hundred  pages  of  retrospect.  There 
are  passages  here  and  there  that  may  possibly 
have  escaped  the  eye  of  his  Saxon  censor :  for 
example,  his  anything  but  flattering  account  of 
Charles  Kingsley.  This  reverend  champion  of 
the  unestablished  order  of  things  is  roundly 
characterized  as  "  about  the  most  perverse  and 
wrong-headed  supporter  of  every  political 
abuse,  the  most  dogmatic  champion  of  every 
wrong  cause  in  domestic  and  foreign  politics 
that  his  time  had  produced  ";  and  his  appear- 
ance upon  the  platform  is  thus  described  : 

"  Rather  tall,  very  angular,  surprisingly  awkward, 
with  staggering  legs,  a  hatchet  face  adorned  with 
scraggy  gray  whiskers,  a  faculty  for  falling  into  the 
most  ungainly  attitudes,  and  making  the  most  hideous 
contortions  of  visage  and  frame;  with  a  rough  provincial 
accent,  and  an  uncouth  way  of  speaking  which  would  be 
set  down  for  caricature  on  the  boards  of  a  theatre.  .  .  . 
Since  Brougham's  time  nothing  so  ungainly  and  eccen- 
tric had  been  displayed  upon  an  English  platform." 

'  RnmntOBVOM.  By  Justin  McCarthy,  M.P.  In  two 
volume*.  With  portrait.  New  York :  Harper  &  Brother*. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


43 


Mr.  McCarthy's  "  Reminiscences  "  are  not 
autobiographical.  They  are  simply  the  author's 
recorded  impressions  and  recollections  of  dis- 
tinguished people  he  has  known  during  his 
career,  and  they  certainly  go  to  show  that  from 
his  youth  up  Mr.  McCarthy  has  practised  with 
skill  the  gentle  art  of  making  desirable  ac- 
quaintances. From  such  prescriptive  celebri- 
ties as  Robert  Owen  and  Lord  Brougham  down 
(chronologically,  we  mean)  to  Mr.  Kipling, 
few  of  the  larger  literary,  political,  and  social 
fish  of  Victorian  times  seem  to  have  escaped 
the  sweep  of  his  net.  The  first  great  personage 
who  figures  in  his  pages  is  the  Duke  of  Well- 
ington. Mr.  McCarthy  did  not  exactly  know 
the  Duke,  but  he  once  heard  him  make  a  speech 
in  the  House  of  Lords.  The  speech  was  neither 
long  nor  eloquent;  but  it  was  Wellingtonian, 
and  Mr.  McCarthy  was  greatly  impressed  by  it. 
A  rash  peer,  it  seems,  had  in  the  course  of  debate 
mildly  ventured  to  say  that  he  feared  the  "illus- 
trious Duke  "  had  not  quite  understood  the 
measure  before  the  House.  The  Duke  rose, 
morally  and  physically,  like  Mrs.  Gamp : 

"  '  My  lords,'  he  said,  striking  the  table  with  an  indig- 
nant gesture,  '  the  noble  and  learned  lord  has  said  that 
I  do  n't  understand  this  Bill.  Well,  my  lords,  all  I  can 
say  is  that  I  read  the  Bill  once,  that  I  read  it  twice,  that 
I  read  it  three  times,  and  if  after  that  I  don't  under- 
stand the  Bill,  why  then,  my  lords,  all  I  have  to  say  is 
that  I  must  be  a  damned  stupid  fellow.' " 

Apropos  of  Thackeray's  alleged  weakness 
for  aristocratic  rank,  Mr.  McCarthy  tells  a 
good  story  of  a  rather  dense  and  notoriously 
tuft-hunting  young  acquaintance  of  his  own, 
who  also  knew  the  great  novelist,  and  had  evi- 
dently bored  him,  as  he  had  everyone  else,  with 
the  list  of  his  titled  friends  and  connections. 
Says  Mr.  McCarthy : 

"  One  day  I  met  him  at  the  Garrick  Club,  and  he 
suddenly  began  to  talk  to  me  about  Thackeray.  «  Now, 
look  here,'  he  said,  «you  always  refuse  to  believe  that 
Thackeray  worships  the  aristocracy.  I  '11  give  you  a 
convincing  proof  that  he  does,  a  proof  that  I  got  only 
this  very  day.  Do  you  see  this  cigar  ? '  He  held  one 
out  between  his  fingers,  and  I  admitted  that  I  did  see  it. 
'  Well,'  he  said, c  that  cigar  was  given  me  by  Thackeray; 
and  do  you  know  what  he  said  when  he  was  giving  it  to 
me  ? '  I  had  to  own  that  I  could  not  form  any  guess 
as  to  what  Thackeray  might  have  said.  So  he  went  on 
with  an  air  of  triumph.  «  Well,'  he  said,  « Thackeray's 
words  to  me  were  these:  "Now,  my  dear  fellow,  here 
is  a  cigar  which  I  know  you  will  be  delighted  to  have, 
because  it  is  one  of  a  box  that  was  given  to  me  by  a 
marquis."  Now  what  have  you  to  say  ?  '  " 

Mr.  McCarthy  admits  that  he  had  nothing  to 
say,  not  even  in  praise  of  his  young  friend's 
nice  sense  of  satire. 

Mr.  McCarthy  devotes  a  few  pages  to  Car- 


lyle,  of  whom  he  tells  a  characteristic  story,  in 
connection  with  the  poet  Allingham.  Ailing- 
ham,  the  gentlest  of  men,  disliked  nothing  more 
than  a  dispute.  "  A  duel  in  the  form  of  a  de- 
bate "  was  positively  painful  to  him  ;  and  while 
he  had  convictions,  and  the  courage  of  them  as 
well,  the  gentleness  of  his  nature  rendered  him 
shy  of  asserting  them.  One  evening,  at  Car- 
lyle's,  there  was  a  discussion  of  the  policy  of  a 
statesman  then  in  office,  and  the  sage  denounced 
this  politician  and  all  his  works  at  great  length 
and  with  unusual  energy.  When  his  fury  had 
spent  itself,  Allingham,  who  had  been  listening 
throughout  in  silence,  mildly  suggested  that 
after  all  something  might  be  said  on  the  other 
side.  Carlyle  broke  out  with  : 

"Eh!  William  Allingham,  ye 're  just  about  the  most 
disputatious  man  I  ever  met.  Eh !  man,  when  ye  're  in 
one  of  your  humors  you  'd  just  dispute  about  anything." 

Mr.  McCarthy  knew  John  Bright  well,  and 
he  once  had  an  argument  with  him  as  to  the 
propriety  of  introducing  or  portraying  bad 
characters  in  imaginative  literature.  Every 
novel,  Mr.  Bright  held,  would  be  better  were 
there  no  bad  people  in  it.  When  asked  if  he 
thought  the  public  would  take  an  interest  in 
romances  that  were  written  on  this  plan,  he 
contended  that  the  public  would  be  very  glad 
in  the  end  to  be  educated  up  to  such  a  point  of 
artistic  morality.  Confronted  with  the  exam- 
ples of  Scott,  Dickens,  Thackeray,  and  Gold- 
smith, Mr.  Bright  stood  by  his  colors,  and 
maintained  that  "Ivanhoe"  would  be  better 
without  Bois-Guilbert,  "  Nicholas  Nickleby  " 
without  Squeers,  "Vanity  Fair  "  without  Becky 
Sharp,  the  "Vicar  of  Wakefield "  without 
Squire  Thornhill,  and  so  on.  Hard  pushed 
with  the  example  of  Shakespeare,  he  nailed  his 
colors  to  the  mast,  and  held  that  "  Othello  " 
would  be  better  without  lago.  Had  Mr.  Mc- 
Carthy cited  Falstaff,  we  fancy  Mr.  Bright 
must  have  struck ;  but  as  it  was,  he  went  on 
with  the  feeble  old  argument  (we  have  seen  it 
applied,  mutatis  mutandis,  much  more  effec- 
tively to  the  "  bores  "  of  Messrs.  Howells  and 
James)  that: 

"  The  very  fact  that  there  are  bad  persons  in  real  life 
and  that  we  are  sometimes  compelled  to  meet  them  is 
the  strongest  reason  why  we  should  not  be  compelled  to 
meet  them  in  the  pages  of  fiction,  to  which  we  turn  for 
relief  and  refreshment  after  our  dreary  experience  of 
unwelcome  realities." 

At  this  point  Mr.  McCarthy  did  not  make 
bold  to  say,  with  Dr.  Johnson,  "  Sir,  this  is 
sorry  stuff ;  do  n't  let  me  hear  you  say  it  any 
more,"  but  went  on  to  stagger,  as  he  hoped, 
Mr.  Bright  with  the  instance  of  his  favorite 


44 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


Milton.  Here,  says  Mr.  McCarthy,  "  I  thought 
I  had  got  him  at  last."  For  how  on  earth  could 
anybody,  even  the  most  scrupulous  of  "  parlia- 
mentary hands,"  argue  seriously  that  "  Para- 
dise Lost  "  would  be  a  better  poem  were  Satan 
cast  out  of  it !  But  Mr.  Bright  was  ready  with 
his  defense : 

"  He  argued  that  the  demoralizing  effect  of  introduc- 
ing bad  men  and  women  into  novels,  or  into  poems,  was 
because  weak-minded  readers  might  be  led  into  admira- 
tion for  them,  and  might  be  filled  with  a  desire  to  imitate 
them ;  whereas  it  was  absolutely  out  of  the  power  of  any 
mortal  man  or  woman  to  imitate  Satan  or  Beelzebub." 

Thinking  the  thing  over  calmly,  we  have  our 
doubts  as  to  the  exact  truth  of  Mr.  Bright'* 
closing  statement. 

Mr.  McCarthy  has  a  capital  chapter  on 
"  Boston's  Literary  Men."  He  met  Emerson 
in  1871,  and  spoke  with  him  of  Walt  Whitman : 

• '  Emerson  told  me  that  he  bad  had  and  still  retained 
a  strong  faith  in  Whitman  as  possibly  the  first  poet  to 
spring  straight  from  the  American  soil  without  foreign 
graft  or  culture  of  any  kind.  But  he  explained  that 
Whitman  had  an  artistic  creed  of  his  own,  which  it  was 
difficult  for  anyone  else  to  accept  —  a  creed  which  de- 
nied the  right  of  artistic  ezclnsiveness,  and  even  of 
artistic  selection  —  a  creed  which  held  that  everything 
that  was  found  in  nature  was  entitled  to  a  place  in  art. 
.  .  .  Emerson  spoke  with  gentle  amused  deprecation  of 
Whitman's  theory,  bnt  frankly  owned  that  it  made 
Whitman  almost  an  impossibility  for  ordinary  social 
life." 

Some  months  later,  the  author  met  Whitman 
himself,  in  Washington.  The  poet  was  shab- 
bily lodged  in  a  garret,  in  a  crowded  building ; 
and  at  first  glance  Mr.  McCarthy  was  rather 
in  doubt  which  of  the  two  current  conceptions 
of  him  to  accept  —  the  one  which  figured  him 
as  really  a  man  absolutely  indifferent  to  public 
opinion,  to  comforts  and  conventions,  or  the  one 
which  represented  him  as  a  poseur  who  delib- 
erately "  went  in  for  "  being  a  penniless  poet, 
who  got  himself  up  picturesquely  for  the  part, 
and  who  thrust  his  poverty  on  the  public  as 
vainly  and  ostentatiously  as  Jim  Fisk  flaunted 
his  wealth.  The  mise  en  scene  was  perfect. 
There  was  the  truckle-bed,  the  shaky  wash- 
stand,  the  pair  or  so  of  rickety  chairs,  the  shelf 
with  the  cut  loaf  of  bread,  the  shabby  desk  and 
table  strewn  with  the  scribbled  sheets  of  ill-paid 
genius.  A  theatre-goer  "  would  only  have  to 
see  the  curtain  rise  on  such  a  scene  to  know 
that  the  poverty-stricken  poet  was  about  to  be 
*  discovered.' "  Mr.  McCarthy  was  not  long 
kept  halting  between  the  two  current  opinions : 

"  I  read  the  story  of  Walt  Whitman's  room  the  mo- 
ment I  had  looked  into  the  eyes  of  the  good  old  poet 
himself.  If  ever  sincerity  and  candor  shone  from  the 
face  of  a  man,  these  qualities  shone  from  the  face  of 


Walt  Whitman.  .  .  .  There  was  a  simple  dignity  in  his 
manner  which  marked  him  out  as  one  of  nature's  gentle- 
men. .  .  .  He  found  good-natured  fault  with  some  of 
the  friends  who  had  gone  too  far,  he  thought,  in  sound- 
ing his  praises  throughout  England ;  and  he  altogether 
disclaimed  the  idea  that  he  considered  himself  as  a  man 
with  a  grand  mission  to  open  a  new  era  for  the  poetry  of 
his  country.  .  .  .  Nothing  could  be  less  like  the  man- 
ner of  a  man  who  desires  to  attitudinize  than  was  the 
whole  bearing  of  Walt  Whitman.  ...  I  felt  sure  that 
I  now  knew  what  Walt  Whitman  was  himself,  and  that 
the  charm  of  real  manhood  was  in  him  and  in  all  that 
he  wrote."  . 

It  may  be  remembered  that  Matthew  Arnold, 
when  lecturing  in  this  country,  usually  reso- 
lutely declined  to  conform  to  the  custom  which 
often  compels  the  distinguished  foreign  lecturer, 
after  he  has  finished  his  address,  to  remain  in  the 
hall  and  undergo  the  felicitations  and  the  scru- 
tiny of  his  audience.  Not  a  few  worthy  people 
incline  to  regard  this  informal  social  function 
or  levee  at  the  close  of  the  lecture  as  the  re- 
deeming feature  of  an  evening  of  unwonted 
intellectual  strain,  and  as  a  gratification  to 
which  the  purchase  of  a  ticket  of  admission 
fairly  entitles  the  bearer.  They  therefore  felt 
themselves  slighted,  and  even  deprived  of  some- 
thing they  had  paid  for,  by  Mr.  Arnold's  insu- 
lar habit  of  eluding  them  by  leaving  the  hall 
by  the  back-door  or  the  fire-escape,  as  soon  as 
he  had  finished  what  he  conceived  to  be  his  part 
of  the  contract.  This  conduct  on  Mr.  Arnold's 
part  was  due,  Mr.  McCarthy  assures  us,  mainly 
to  his  native  unpretentiousness  and  dislike  of 
being  lionized,  and  not  at  all  to  supercilious- 
ness or  to  the  unsociable  promptings  of  that 
refrigerator-like  temperament  ascribed  to  him 
by  the  American  press.  Says  Mr.  McCarthy : 

"There  was  nothing  ungracious  in  the  mood  which 
prompted  this  resolve;  indeed,  nobody  who  knew  Mat- 
thew Arnold  could  easily  conceive  the  idea  of  anything 
ungracious  on  his  part;  only  he  was  not  endowed  with 
that  '  terrible  gift  of  familiarity  '  which  an  envious  op- 
ponent ascribed  to  Mirabeau,  and  he  knew  that  he  never 
could  be  in  his  element  in  trying  to  exchange  compli- 
ments with  a  crowd  of  perfectly  unknown  admirers. 
.  .  .  Travelling  in  the  States,  three  years  after  Matthew 
Arnold  had  returned  to  Europe,  I  can  say  that  he  had 
not  shown  himself  in  any  sense  an  ungenial  or  unsocia- 
ble visitor;  and  that  I  came  across  many  a  household 
which  he  had  gladdened  by  his  ready  and  kindly  accept- 
ance of  a  hospitable  invitation,  and  by  his  pleasant  and 
companionable  ways  as  a  guest." 

Mr.  McCarthy's  book  is  the  fruit  of  a  so- 
journ at  a  quiet  seaside  resort,  where  the  mak- 
ing at  odd  times  of  uncompulsory  **  copy  "  was 
a  recreation.  Had  Mr.  McCarthy  written  amid 
the  stress  and  fever  of  London  life  his  pages 
might  not  have  been  so  thoroughly  imbued  with 
that  kindliness  which  stung  the  soul  of  his 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


45 


English  reviewer.  The  book  reflects  the  con- 
ditions of  its  composition.  It  is  easy,  rambling, 
informal ;  and  it  has  the  charm  and  the  defects 
of  those  qualities.  The  author  has  plainly 
given  the  rein  to  memory,  and  the  stream  of 
reminiscence  wanders  at  will.  One  name,  one 
story,  has  suggested  another ;  and  the  pen  has 
followed  the  pleasantly  devious  current  of  the 
thought.  The  book  might  have  been  bettered 
in  some  ways  by  careful  revision.  The  reader 
familiar  with  Mr.  McCarthy's  "  History  of  Our 
Own  Times  "  will  note  here  and  there  in  the 
"  Reminiscences  "  an  old  story  re-told,  an  old 
thought  re- worded.  The  style  is,  as  usual,  rich, 
picturesque,  and  allusive  —  rather  founded  on 
Macaulay,  we  should  say,  but  not  imitative. 
We  have  long  regarded  Mr.  McCarthy  as  the 
prince  of  literary  journalists  and  journalistic 
historians  ;  and  it  is  pleasant  to  find  that  years 
have  not  staled  his  attractiveness  or  dulled  his 
animation.  These  beautifully-made  volumes 
stand  very  near  the  top  of  the  list  of  the  season's 
reminiscential  books.  £.  G.  J. 


OUR  NATIONAL,  POLICY.* 

Dr.  Jordan's  volume  entitled  "  Imperial  De- 
mocracy "  contains  eight  essays  and  addresses, 
published  or  delivered,  with  one  exception,  since 
the  war  with  Spain  began.  One  notes  with 
gratification  that  President  Jordan's  literary 
style  has  gained,  in  finish  as  well  as  in  preci- 
sion, since  he  went  to  Leland  Stanford  Univer- 
sity. One  notes  also,  with  a  deeper  satisfaction, 
that  throughout  these  pages  one  is  speaking  who 
has  abiding  convictions  as  to  the  "  manifest 
destiny  "  of  the  American  people,  and  who  is 
fearless  to  utter  them  in  the  face  of  one  of  the 
fiercest  jehads  that  has  ever  threatened  free 
speech.  Not  since  the  days  of  the  assault  in 
the  United  States'  Congress  on  John  Quincy 
Adams  and  Joshua  Giddings  for  their  grand 
defence  of  the  sacred  right  of  petition,  has 
public  opinion  in  this  country  been  so  swayed 
by  ignorant  and  servile  intolerance  as  during 
the  past  six  months.  The  press  of  the  country, 
with  a  few  honorable  exceptions,  has  worked 
itself  into  such  a  state  of  mind  as  would  be 
gratefully  appreciated  by  a  Caesar  or  a  Napo- 
leon, and  a  state  of  popular  opinion  has  been 
produced  which  it  requires  considerable  cour- 
age to  question.  Men  are  already  debating 
the  proposition  that  instructors  in  our  univer- 
sities are  to  be  required  to  express  no  opinions 

*  IMPERIAL  DEMOCRACY.    By  David  Starr  Jordan.    New 
York :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 


publicly  on  questions  of  public  policy  unless 
they  agree  with  the  powers  that  be.  In  the 
face  of  such  an  attempt  at  terrorism  as  savors 
of  Russia  rather  than  of  America,  it  is  refresh- 
ing to  read  such  calm  and  deliberate  discussion 
of  this  vexed  subject  of  American  "  imperial 
policy  "  as  President  Jordan  gives  us  in  these 
addresses.  Under  date  of  May  25,  1898,  he 
says  to  the  graduating  class  of  his  university : 

"  The  war  has  stirred  the  fires  of  patriotism,  we  say. 
Certainly,  but  they  were  already  there,  else  they  could 
not  be  stirred.  I  doubt  if  there  is  more  love  of  country 
with  us  to-day  than  there  was  a  year  ago.  Real  love  of 
country  is  not  easily  moved.  Its  guarantee  is  its  per- 
manence. Love  of  adventure,  love  of  fight,  these  are 
soon  kindled.  It  is  these  to  which  the  battle  spirit 
appeals.  Love  of  adventure  we  may  not  despise.  It  is 
the  precious  heritage  of  new  races;  it  is  the  basis  of 
personal  courage;  but  it  is  not  patriotism;  it  is  push. 
.  .  .  Patriotism  is  the  will  to  serve  one's  country;  to 
make  one's  country  better  worth  serving.  It  is  a  course 
of  action  rather  than  a  sentiment.  It  is  serious  rather 
than  stirring. 

"  Our  heroes  were  with  us  already.  In  times  of  peace 
they  were  ready  for  heroism.  The  real  hero  is  the  man 
who  does  his  duty.  It  does  not  matter  whether  his 
name  be  on  the  headlines  of  the  newspapers  or  not.  His 
greatness  is  not  enhanced  when  a  street  or  a  trotting 
horse  is  named  for  him.  It  is  the  business  of  the  Re- 
public to  make  a  nation  of  heroes.  The  making  of  brave 
soldiers  is  only  a  part  of  the  work  of  making  men.  The 
glare  of  battle  shows  men  in  false  perspective.  To  one 
who  stands  in  its  light  we  give  the  glory  of  a  thousand." 

In  the  address  before  the  Graduate  Club  of 
Leland  Stanford  University,  delivered  Feb- 
ruary 14,  1899,  he  says : 

"  I  hear  many  saying,  <  If  only  Dewey  had  sailed  out 
of  Manila  harbor,  all  would  have  been  well.'  This 
ssems  to  me  the  acme  of  weakness.  Dewey  did  his  duty 
at  Manila;  he  has  done  his  duty  ever  since.  Let  us  do 
ours.  If  his  duty  makes  it  harder  for  us,  so  much  the 
more  we  must  strive.  It  is  pure  cowardice  to  throw 
the  responsibility  on  him.  ...  If  Dewey  captured  land 
we  do  not  want  to  hold,  then  let  go  of  it.  It  is  for  us 
to  say,  not  for  him.  It  is  foolish  to  say  that  our  victory 
last  May  settled  once  for  all  our  future  as  a  world  power. 
It  is  not  thus  that  I  read  our  history.  Chance  decides 
nothing.  The  Declaration  of  Independence,  the  Consti- 
tution, the  Emancipation  Proclamation,  were  not  mat- 
ters of  chance.  They  belong  to  the  category  of  states- 
manship. A  statesman  knows  no  chance.  It  is  his 
business  to  foresee  the  future  and  to  control  it.  Chance 
is  the  terror  of  despotism." 

In  a  letter  to  the  editor  of  "  The  Outlook," 
dated  April  26, 1899,  after  asking  some  search- 
ing questions  of  that  jingoistic  representative  of 
the  religious  press,  Dr.  Jordan  thus  concludes  : 

"  Do  what  you  will  with  the  Philippines,  if  you  can 
do  it  in  peace, —  but  stop  this  war. 

"  It  is  our  fault,  and  ours  alone,  that  this  war  began. 
It  is  our  crime  that  it  continues. 

"  We  make  no  criticism  of  the  kindly  and  popular 
President  of  the  United  States,  save  this  one:  He  does 
not  realize  the  wild  fury  of  the  forces  he  has  unwillingly 


4.; 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


and  unwittingly  brought  into  action.  These  must  be 
kept  instantly  and  constantly  in  hand.  The  authority 
to  do  rests  with  him  alone,  and  if  ever  '  strenuous  life ' 
was  needed  in  the  nation,  it  is  in  the  guiding  hand  of 
to-day.  The  ship  is  on  fire.  The  Captain  sleeps.  The 
sailors  storm  in  vain  at  his  door.  When  he  shall  rise, 
we  doff  our  hats  in  respectful  obeisance.  If  we  have 
brought  a  false  alarm,  on  our  heads  rests  the  penalty." 

The  whole  attitude  of  the  jingo  press  since 
February  toward  the  opponents  of  the  adminis- 
tration policy  in  the  Philippines  has  been  one 
of  misconception   and  misrepresentation.     A 
large  number  of  thoughtful  American  citizens 
were  of  the  opinion,  after  the  "  Maine  "  disaster, 
that  war  with  Spain  was  not  necessary  to  the 
liberation  of  Cuba  from  Spanish  tyranny.  They 
believed  that  the  steady  pressure  which  Presi- 
dent McKinley  had  for  more  than  a  year  been 
exerting  in  Cuban  affairs  would  in  good  time 
bring  its  reward  in  autonomous  government  for 
that   unhappy  island.     But  when  Congress, 
driven  by  popular  excitement  and  newspaper 
frenzy,  rushed  the  administration  into  war,  they 
gave  it  their  loyal  and  hearty  support.    In  due 
process  of  time  the  conquest  was  completed  and 
military  governments  were  set  up  in  Porto  Rico 
and  Cuba,  where  in  the  best  spirit  of  American 
institutions  a  class  of  administrators  who  can- 
not be  bought  or  intimidated  have  done  much 
to  make  American  rule  acceptable  and  popular. 
All  that  was  done  in  those  islands  was  done  in 
close  touch  and  sympathy  with  their  representa- 
tive men.    The  contention  of  the  so-called  anti- 
imperialists  is  that  this  has  not  been  done  in 
the  island  of  Luzon.     They  maintain  that  the 
same  masterful  and  wise  policy  that  was  pur- 
sued in  the  Antilles  should  have  been  pursued 
in  the  Philippines  —  that  there  should  have 
been  a  policy,  instead  of  the  hand-to-mouth 
methods  initiated  as  far  back  as  the  Protocol. 
They  see  no  reason  to  believe  that  if  adroit 
conciliation  had  been  used  with  Aguinaldo,  as 
with  Gomez,  the  superiority  of  the  Saxon,  mor- 
ally and  intellectually,  would  have  triumphed 
peaceably  in  the  one  case  as  it  did  in  the  other. 
Moreover,  those  among  them  who  have  a 
knowledge  of  international  and  political  as  well 
as  of  constitutional  law  have  never  questioned 
the  full  and  sovereign  power  of  the  United 
States  to  perform  any  sovereign  act  open  to  any 
other  nation,  and  consequently  to  annex  any 
territory  wherever   its  power  was  physically 
adequate,  if  thought  expedient.     Their  propo- 
sition has  been,  not  that  this  attempt  to  force  a 
government  on  the  Filipinos  is  unconstitutional, 
but  that  it  is  wrong.    As  Dr.  Jordan  well  says 
•  •  The  Constitution  is  an  agreement  to  secure 


justice  and  prudence  in  our  internal  affairs. 
Its  validity  is  between  state  and  state  and  be- 
tween man  and  man."    It  does  not  govern  our 
international  relations.    Those  are  governed  by 
a  higher  than  man-made  law  —  the  law  of  God 
as  evolved  in  human  conscience  and   human 
recognition  of  eternal  justice.    To  this  law  the 
thoughtful  opponent  of  jingoism   points   the 
American  people  to-day.    He  holds,  moreover, 
that  an  administration  which  has  pursued  a  firm 
and  wise  course  in  Cuba  has  adopted,  without 
due  reason,  a  dissimilar  one  in  the  Philippines. 
Admiral  Dewey,  and  more  than  one  prominent 
officer  of  our  army,  have  borne  testimony  to 
the  political  intelligence  and  general  fitness  for 
good   government  of  the  Filipinos ;   and  yet 
these  are  the  people  who  have  been  forced  into 
those  occasional  acts  of  savagery  which  may 
always  be  expected  among  those  who  resent 
injustice  by  a  policy  the  very  reverse  of  that 
conceded  to  the  Cubans.     It  would  seem  that 
nearly  every  presumption  that  existed  a  year 
ago  in  the  Malay  mind  in  favor  of  the  sons  of 
free  and  fair  and  tolerant  America  has  been 
destroyed,  and  that  it  has  been  gone  about  de- 
liberately to  make  these  inferior  races  feel  that 
the  autocracy  of  the  Yankee  differs  from  that 
of  the  Don  only  in  the  superior  military  ability 
with  which  it  can  enforce  injustice.    If  we  can- 
not by  persuasion  and  moral  superiority  induce 
other  races  to  accept  the  better  government 
which  we  are  undoubtedly  capable  of  giving 
them,  it  were  better  that  they  go  ungoverned 
all  their  days.     For  the  thoughtful  student  of 
American  institutions  must  ever  continue  to 
maintain  that  our  highest  mission  among  the 
nations  of  the  world  is  to  set  a  high  and   mu- 
table example  of  good  and  fair  government, 
based  always  upon  the  intellectual  acceptance 
of,  and  enshrined  in  the  hearts  of,  the  governed. 

JOHN  J.  HALSEY. 


DR.  HALE'S  COLLECTED  WRITINGS.* 

When  the  works  of  a  contemporaneous  writer 
receive  embodiment  in  a  definitive  edition,  a 
certain  stamp  of  classicality  seems  to  be  set 
upon  him, —  so  far,  at  least,  as  the  word  "  clas- 
sical "  can  be  applied  to  literature  that  is  cur- 
rent. This  distinction  has  befallen  Dr.  Edward 
Everett  Hale  in  his  ripe  old  age  ;  and  not 
improperly.  With  Colonel  Higginson,  Dr. 
Hale  stands  as  the  last  of  the  Old  Guard  whose 

•THE  COLLECTED  WORKS  or  EDWARD  EVERETT  HALE. 
Library  edition,  in  ten  volume*,  with  Photogravure  Frontis- 
piece*. Boston :  Little,  Brown,  A  Co. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


47 


services  to  our  native  literature  have  been  so 
important  for  its  formative  period.  Dr.  Hale's 
intimate  knowledge  of  the  older  Boston,  Cam- 
bridge, and  Concord,  his  familiar  association 
with  the  elder  group  of  New  England  literati, 
are  in  themselves  enough  to  make  him  an  inter- 
esting figure  in  American  letters.  But  he  has 
been  not  only  in  it,  but  of  it ;  contributing  his 
share  to  a  culture-centre  whose  influence  has 
shaped  all  subsequent  development.  Some 
sense  of  this  is  got  as  one  dips  into  his  recent 
book  of  memories  of  Lowell  and  his  friends, 
which,  like  Mr.  Higginson's  "  Cheerful  Yes- 
terdays," recalls  so  much  of  a  time  already 
touched  with  the  glamour  of  the  historic,  and 
hence  fascinating  to  read  about. 

But  Dr.  Hale's  own  contributions  to  our  lit- 
erature have  been  voluminous  and  in  some  cases 
conspicuous.  He  has  been,  as  everybody  knows, 
a  man  of  great  and  varied  activity,  within  and 
without  literature.  He  has  written  with  his 
eye  on  the  object,  —  in  the  foreign  phrase,  — 
and  that  object  the  amelioration  of  humanity. 
Life  has,  to  him,  meant  more  than  literature, 
as  it  has  come  to  mean  more  to  Mr.  Howells ; 
and  literature  has  had  its  chief  value  as  it  has 
expressed  the  highest  life.  This  aim,  and  this 
manifold  display  of  energy,  unite  to  explain  his 
merits  and  his  shortcomings  as  a  writer.  The 
fact  that  he  has  produced  rapidly,  and  has  not 
always  judged  his  own  work  with  the  extreme 
rigor  of  the  conscientious  stickler  for  technique, 
is  understood  when  we  realize  that  he  has  writ- 
ten as  a  moral  teacher  rather  than  as  an  artist 
primarily.  It  is  with  a  consciousness  of  the 
practical  pressure  and  purpose  behind  his  labor 
that  he  uses  these  words  in  the  very  charming 
preface  to  the  opening  volume  of  this  beautiful 
ten- volume  edition  ;  words  intended  to  apply  to 
another,  but  also,  as  he  implies,  well  fitting  his 
own  case : 

"  If  it  were  his  duty  to  write  verses,  he  wrote  verses; 
to  fight  slavers,  he  fought  slavers;  to  write  sermons,  he 
wrote  sermons ;  and  he  did  one  of  these  things  with  just 
as  much  alacrity  as  another." 

We  all  know  that  absolute  accomplishment  in 
one  particular  genre  is  not  thus  attained  ;  but 
we  also  know  that  the  life  and  the  life  influence 
may  be  broader  and  better  for  that  very  reason. 
In  this  tendency  to  disperse  himself  generously 
according  to  the  needs  of  the  moment,  Dr.  Hale 
is  like  such  other  of  the  elder  writing  men  as 
Whittier  and  Lowell.  Indeed,  one  might  go 
further,  and  say  that  this  is  a  characteristic  of 
American  literature,  as  a  whole,  especially  in 
its  earlier  manifestations. 


It  is  in  fiction  that  Dr.  Hale  made  his  ten- 
strike  :  once  at  least  he  produced  in  this  kind 
a  representative  piece  of  creative  literature  — 
something  that  must  always  rank  high  amongst 
our  short  story  writing.  With  a  sense  of  this, 
no  doubt,  the  publishers  have  introduced  the 
series  with  a  volume  entitled  "  The  Man  With- 
out a  Country,  and  Other  Stories."  The  famous 
title- tale,  to  which  the  author  furnishes  some 
valuable  prefatory  comment,  remains  a  brilliant 
allegory,  an  inspiration  to  patriotism  in  the 
noblest  sense,  and  an  example  of  flawlessly 
wrought  imaginative  fiction.  Dr.  Hale  could 
afford  to  rest  on  his  laurels,  after  doing  it. 
Very  interesting  is  his  explanation  of  the  curi- 
ous muddle  arising  from  his  use  of  the  name 
of  Philip  Nolan  for  the  hero  of  the  story  —  a 
mistake  he  tried  to  rectify  afterwards  by  writ- 
ing "  Philip  Nolan's  Friends,"  included  in  one 
of  the  later  volumes  of  the  present  edition. 
When  the  Doctor  chose  the  name,  he  was  quite 
unaware  that  it  was  borne  by  any  real  person  ; 
and  not  till  later  did  he  discover  that  the  his- 
torical Philip  Nolan,  well  remembered  in  the 
Southwest,  was  shot  by  the  Spaniards  in  Texas 
in  1801, —  so  that  the  story-teller  had  (appar- 
ently) been  taking  unwarrantable  liberties. 
The  whole  episode  is  an  amusing  illustration  of 
the  dangers  of  fictional  nomenclature. 

Of  the  other  nine  short  tales  making  up  this 
initial  volume,  the  best  known  is  "  My  Double 
and  How  He  Undid  Me,"  an  ingenious  idea  not 
worked  off  with  quite  the  lightness  of  touch 
necessary  to  complete  success.  It  is  just  the 
motive  for  a  Stockton.  The  second  volume  is 
headed  by  Dr.  Hale's  most  acceptable  piece  of 
longer  fiction,  "  In  His  Name,"  the  sterling 
historical  sketch  which  deals  with  the  pathetic 
story  of  the  Waldenses  of  Lyon  in  the  twelfth 
century  ;  the  balance  of  the  book  being  taken 
up  with  holiday  stories  like  "  Christmas  Waits 
in  Boston,"  "  They  Saw  a  Great  Light,"  and 
"Daily  Bread."  The  frank  didacticism  does  not 
seriously  interfere  with  the  author's  freshness 
of  invention  and  vigor  of  narrative,  though  it 
does  lend  his  work,  confessedly,  an  old-fashioned 
flavor.  The  brief  "  Hands  Off  "  is  a  striking 
handling  of  the  text "  From  what  I  call  evil,  He 
educes  good."  The  plan  of  the  edition  embraces 
half  a  dozen  works  of  fiction  and  social  sketches, 
a  volume  of  sermons  (which  shows  a  sternly 
selective  instinct  in  so  steady  a  sermonizer  as 
Dr.  Hale  has  been,  ex  officio) ;  a  volume  of 
essays  on  social  subjects ;  a  volume  devoted  to 
the  autobiographic  sketch  "  A  New  England 
Boyhood "  (possessing  an  interest  similar  to 


48 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


that  of  the  books  in  the  same  vein  by  Mr. 
Warner  and  Mr.  Howells)  ;  and  a  volume  on 
••  The  History  and  Antiquities  of  Boston."  As 
an  essayist,  Dr.  Male's  qualities  are  familiar. 
He  has  a  sense  of  humor  which  gratefully  re- 
lieves the  strenuousness  of  his  tone  and  seri- 
ousness of  his  purpose.  It  may  be  said  of  his 
writings  in  general  that  the  reader  is  perfonv 
bidden  into  personal  relations  with  the  author : 
the  manner  is  heartily  confidential.  This  is 
always  a  head-mark  of  your  true  essayist.  The 
new  prefaces,  written  expressly  for  this  edition, 
are  one  of  its  main  attractions :  unlike  most 
prefaces,  they  justify  themselves,  for  Dr.  Hale 
is  peculiarly  happy  when  talking  about  these 
children  of  his  brain  and  heart.  He  hits  just 
the  right  note  of  genial  reminiscence.  It  must 
be  a  comfort  to  him  to  feel  that  his  collected 
writings  have  thus  received  a  permanent  and 
handsome  embodiment,  for  on  the  mechanical 
side  these  volumes,  in  aesthetic  gray-green  with 
gold  lettering,  and  bold  agreeable  type,  are  a 
credit  to  all  concerned.  The  beloved  author's 
many  admirers,  new  and  old,  will  welcome  the 
opportunity  to  add  to  their  libraries  what  we 
trust  may  not  be  called,  in  the  horrid  idiom, 
for  years  to  come,  his  "  literary  remains." 

RICHARD  BURTON. 


THE  LIFE  OF  EDWIN  M.  STANTON.* 

The  chief  interest  and  importance  of  Mr. 
Gorham's  two  octavo  volumes  must  lie  in  the 
history  of  Stanton's  work  in  the  War  Depart- 
ment. It  was  there  that  his  great  qualities  — 
intellectual  power,  masterful  will,  integrity, 
patriotism,  tireless  activity,  and  intense  enthus- 
iasm —  enabled  him  to  perform  a  service  sec- 
ond to  none  during  the  most  stormy  and  critical 
period  of  our  national  life.  The  public  has 
waited  long  for  this  biography.  Why  so  many 
years  have  passed  without  any  attempt  to  tell 
the  story  it  is  hard  to  say.  Perhaps  the  chief 
reason  may  be  found  in  the  fact  of  Stanton's 
absolute  independence,  and  the  further  fact 
that  in  the  vast  ant)  many-sided  work  he  had  to 
do  he  had  not  time  for  the  little  courtesies  and 
amenities  which  attract  people.  He  offended 
many  by  the  abruptness  and  unceremoniousness 
of  his  manner.  "  He  was  the  man  who  said 
4  no  '  for  the  government  when  it  had  to  be  said, 
no  matter  how  distasteful  or  offensive  it  might 
be  to  those  to  whom  it  was  addressed."  The 


M.  STAXTOX.     Life  and  Public  Swriow.    By 
George  C.  Gotham.    Boston  :  Hough  ton,  Mifflin  A  Co. 


man  who  says  "  no  "  is  bound  to  be  disliked  by 
narrow  partisans  and  place-hunters,  who  com- 
municate their  petty  prejudices  to  others.  Of 
all  public  men,  8  tan  ton  seems  to  have  cared 
the  least  about  what  was  said  of  him.  He  never 
replied  to  attacks  upon  himself.  But  when 
Horace  Greeley,  after  the  victories  of  Fort 
Henry  and  Fort  Donelson,  wrote  of  Stanton  as 
••  the  minister  who  organized  "  those  victories, 
he  was  quick  to  disclaim  such  credit  in  a  letter 
to  the  "  Tribune  "  in  which  he  said  : 

«'  Who  can  organize  victory  ?  Who  combine  the  ele- 
ments of  success  on  the  battlefield  ?  We  owe  our  rec-nit 
victories  to  the  spirit  of  the  Lord,  that  moved  our  sol- 
diers to  rush  into  battle,  and  filled  the  hearts  of  our 
enemies  with  terror  and  dismay.  .  .  .  What,  under  the 
blessing  of  Providence,  I  conceive  to  be  the  true  organ- 
ization of  victory  and  military  combination  to  end  this 
war  was  declared  in  a  few  words  by  General  Grant's 
message  to  General  Buckner,  — « I  propose  to  move 
immediately  upon  your  works.' " 

Men  might  tell  all  manner  of  lies  to  his  dis- 
credit :  this  troubled  him  only  because  it  grieved 
and  dismayed  his  friends ;  but  such  was  his 
sense  of  honor  that  undue  praise  he  could  not 
bear.  In  a  private  letter  to  the  Rev.  Heman 
Dyer,  a  friend  of  his  youth,  in  May,  1862, 
giving  the  real  facts  of  the  difficulty  between 
himself  and  McClellan,  it  plainly  and  beauti- 
fully appears  that  the  motives  governing  all 
his  conduct  of  public  affairs  were  such  as  ••  over- 
leap time  and  look  forward  to  eternity."  The 
deep  religious  strain  in  Stanton's  make-up  con- 
stantly appears,  and  it  was  his  implicit  trust  in 
the  success  of  righteousness  and  justice  that 
gave  him  so  little  patience  with  halters  and 
trimmers.  He  was  one  of  the  rare  crucible 
men,  in  contact  with  whom  individuals  were  at 
once  reduced  to  their  component  parts.  His 
instinctive  insight  into  men  and  things  was 
what  gave  him  his  marvellous  grasp  of  the  whole 
situation  throughout  the  war.  The  man  who 
thus  sees  through  other  men,  and  shows  that  he 
sees  through  them,  may  be  a  very  great  power  ; 
he  is  not  likely  to  be  popular,  or  "  by  flatterers 
besieged."  Perhaps  it  is  well  that  his  biography 
has  been  delayed  so  long.  There  has  been  time 
for  many  passions  and  prejudices  to  die  out, 
and  it  is  more  possible  to  view  the  scene  and 
its  actors  in  their  true  light. 

Edwin  McMasters  Stanton  was  born  at 
Steubenville,  Ohio,  in  1814.  His  father,  a 
physician  with  a  good  practice,  died  thirteen 
years  later,  leaving  a  family  of  four  children 
with  very  limited  means,  so  that  Edwin,  the 
oldest,  had  to  leave  school  and  take  employ- 
ment in  a  bookstore,  where  he  remained  four 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


49 


years.  He  kept  up  his  studies  all  the  while, 
and  being  ambitious  for  further  educational 
advantages  he  entered  Kenyon  College  at  the 
age  of  seventeen ;  but  he  was  not  able  for 
financial  reasons  to  finish  the  course,  and  left 
during  his  junior  year,  to  enter  upon  the  study 
of  law.  In  1836  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
married,  and  entered  with  energy  upon  what 
seemed  his  life  work  in  the  profession  in  which 
his  whole  ambition  was  centred  and  in  which 
he  had  a  singularly  successful  and  brilliant 
career  for  twenty-five  years,  until  he  took  his 
seat  in  the  cabinet  of  President  Buchanan. 
The  chapter  detailing  how  the  boy  Stanton 
"  went  over  to  Jackson  "  is  exceedingly  read- 
able, and  illustrates  one  or  two  characteristics 
that  manifested  themselves  very  early  in  his 
life.  Dr.  Stanton  had  been  a  firm  adherent  of 
Clay  and  Adams,  and  if  his  son  had  been  like 
most  sons  he  would  doubtless  have  inherited 
his  father's  political  and  other  views.  But 
even  as  a  small  boy  he  had  been  considered 
self-reliant,  positive,  and  somewhat  imperious, 
though  not  combative  or  abusive.  When  the 
promulgation  of  Calhoun's  nulification  doctrine 
called  forth  President  Jackson's  immortal  proc- 
lamation of  December,  1832,  in  which  he  as- 
serted the  supreme  authority  of  the  national 
government  on  all  subjects  intrusted  by  the 
Constitution  to  federal  control,  young  Stanton 
at  once  turned  his  back  upon  old  political  asso- 
ciations and  enlisted  with  all  the  enthusiasm 
and  zeal  of  his  nature  in  the  cause  of  the  Union. 
This  was  significant,  as  showing  his  disposition 
to  think  for  himself  and  to  stand  on  his  own 
feet,  and  his  sympathy  with  Democracy ;  for 
Jackson,  whatever  his  faults,  was  a  real  be- 
liever in  the  people  —  the  rank  and  file  of 
humanity. 

Stanton's  career  as  a  lawyer  is  admirably 
given.  He  steadily  rose  in  his  profession,  and 
was  engaged  in  many  important  cases,  some  of 
them  of  national  fame.  As  a  speaker  he  was 
earnest  and  eloquent,  having,  it  is  said,  two 
different  styles,  one  a  vehement  style  adapted 
for  a  jury,  while  before  the  Supreme  Court  at 
Washington  he  was  calm,  deliberate,  and 
impressive,  carefully  avoiding  all  exuberance 
of  feeling.  Perhaps  no  lawyer  ever  better  pre- 
pared himself  in  advance.  He  carefully  mas- 
tered both  sides  of  every  case,  and  few  men 
have  been  capable  of  such  prodigious  and  inces- 
sant mental  labor.  Activity  was  his  delight, 
and  when  one  piece  of  work  was  finished  he 
turned  to  fresh  tasks  with  the  appetite  and 
inspiration  of  youth. 


Being  much  engaged  in  Supreme  Court  prac- 
tice, he  removed  to  Washington  in  1856,  after 
residing  successively  at  Cadiz,  Steubenville, 
and  Pittsburg.  Although  his  legal  business 
occupied  him  to  the  exclusion  of  all  political 
interests,  such  a  man  could  not  but  have  very 
pronounced  views  on  the  questions  then  before 
the  public.  The  supporter  of  Jackson  and  Van 
Buren,  he  had  been  opposed  to  nullification, 
secession,  a  national  bank,  state  bank  monop- 
oly, and  a  high  tariff.  With  the  defeat  of  Van 
Buren,  in  1844,  his  political  enthusiasm  some- 
what cooled;  but  in  1848  he  was  for  the  Free 
Soil  ticket,  his  sympathies  being  openly  with 
the  Northern  Democrats  in  their  resistance  to 
Southern  domination  within  the  party.  In  1852 
Stanton's  interest  in  politics  was  so  slight  that 
he  did  not  even  attend  the  National  convention 
which  met  in  Baltimore,  although  he  was  in 
Washington  at  the  time.  Although  he  took  no 
part  in  the  canvass  of  1856,  and  had  no  vote, 
being  a  resident  of  Washington,  he  stood  un- 
mistakably on  the  side  of  President  Buchanan 
in  his  Kansas  policy  of  1857—8,  and  two  years 
later  regarded  the  salvation  of  the  country  as 
hanging  on  the  election  of  Breckenridge.  In 
a  word,  Stanton  was  a  Democrat  prior  to  and 
including  1861,  opposed  to  slavery,  but  a  firm 
upholder  of  the  laws  constitutionally  enacted 
for  its  protection. 

"  That  he  believed  the  success  of  the  Republican 
party  would  endanger  the  Union,  and  that  he  adhered 
to  the  extreme  wing  of  the  Democratic  party  after  it 
had  subordinated  all  other  questions  to  the  protection  of 
slavery  in  the  rights  guaranteed  it  by  the  Constitution, 
as  interpreted  by  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  in 
the  Dred  Scott  case,  must  be  admitted.  That  when  the 
apprehended  danger  to  the  Union  followed  Republican 
success,  he  rose  superior  to  all  party  trammels,  and  in 
the  cabinet  of  Mr.  Buchanan  acted  with  high  courage 
and  the  most  unselfish  patriotism,  none  can  deny." 

On  the  20th  of  December,  1860,  Stanton 
was  appointed  Attorney-General  by  President 
Buchanan.  The  review  of  the  political  situa- 
tion at  that  time  is  graphically  given  in  Chap- 
ter XII.,  in  which  it  appears  that  the  election 
of  Lincoln  was  expressly  desired  and  planned 
for  by  the  extreme  Southern  leaders  as  a  pre- 
text for  the  long-threatened  dissolution  of 
the  Union,  for  which  steps  had  been  taken  in 
advance  by  South  Carolina.  The  disunion 
conspiracy,  involving  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
Howell  Cobb,  Secretary  of  War  Floyd,  Assist- 
ant Secretary  of  State  Trescott,  Quartermaster- 
General  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  and  others,  is 
well  stated ;  and  one  is  simply  amazed  that 
treason  should  ever  have  gained  such  a  foot- 
hold in  the  national  councils,  or,  having  gained 


50 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


it.  that  it  should  ever  have  been  circumvented. 
It  was  well  known  during  the  closing  months 
of  Buchanan's  term  that  a  revolution  was  brew- 
ing ;  but  what  was  its  extent,  and  whether  it 
would  be  precipitated  immediately  after  the 
election,  thus  taxing  all  the  patriotism  and 
energies  of  the  outgoing  administration,  or 
whether  the  crisis  might  be  delayed  until  the 
advent  of  Lincoln  to  power,  were  questions 
earnestly  considered  by  Buchanan  and  his  ad- 
visers, as  is  shown  in  the  next  few  chapters. 
The  attitude  of  Judge  Jeremiah  8.  Black,  then 
Attorney-General,  in  November,  1860,  as  to  the 
authority  of  the  Federal  Government  over  a 
State  that  asserts  its  independence,  and  the 
way  in  which  President  Buchanan  bettered  his 
instructions  in  his  message  of  December  3,  are 
well  sketched.  It  is  sickening  to  consider  the 
miserable  weakness  and  cowardice  and  blind- 
ness of  Buchanan  during  those  days  while 
bloody  treason  flourished  all  around  him.  On 
the  20th  of  December,  South  Carolina  declared 
the  Union  dissolved ;  and  on  the  same  day 
Edwin  M.  Stanton  was  appointed  Attorney 
General  in  place  of  J.  S.  Black,  who  had  suc- 
ceeded Lewis  Cass  as  Secretary  of  State  and 
refused  to  accept  this  latter  position  when 
Stanton  was  made  Attorney-General.  They 
had  long  been  close  friends,  and  Black  was  cer- 
tainly not  calculating  without  his  host  in  this 
matter,  for  if  anyone  could  guide  him  and  his 
chief  out  of  the  perils  that  surrounded  them,  it 
was  Stanton. 

Space  forbids  us  to  go  into  the  details  of 
Stanton's  work  for  the  Northern  cause,  which 
he  clearly  saw  was  the  cause  of  his  country, 
during  the  closing  months  of  Buchanan's  ad- 
ministration. It  is  all  summed  up  in  the  state- 
ment that  his  loyalty  to  the  Union  was  a  pas- 
sion, dominating  his  every  thought  and  act. 
"  He  set  on  foot  inquiries  as  to  the  purposes  of 
the  secessionists  in  Washington  and  vicinity, 
and  prosecuted  them  with  untiring  zeal.  He 
made  proselytes  and  denounced  heretics.  To 
Democrats  and  Republicans  he  set  the  example 
of  sinking  partisanship  in  the  service  of  the 
Union."  He  took  the  lead,  and  was  most  assid- 
uous in  creating  the  pressure  under  which 
President  Buchanan  finally  gave  orders  for  the 
presence  of  troops  to  guard  the  capital  against 
the  secessionists.  If  with  Stanton  at  that  time 
patriotism  went  before  humanity,  the  same 
must  be  admitted  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  who 
was  willing  to  place  the  nation  under  perpetual 
bonds  to  keep  the  peace  toward  slavery,  and 
even  to  see  it  extended  into  New  Mexico  rather 


than  see  the  Union  perish  or  even  encounter 
the  perils  of  a  war  for  its  preservation.  Stan- 
ton's  presence  in  Buchanan's  cabinet  was  felt  at 
once.  Mr.  Gorham  says  he  instantly  changed 
the  tone  of  its  deliberations,  and  in  a 
"  Discussion  as  to  the  binding  force  of  a  shuffling  unoffi- 
cial agreement  to  leave  Sumter  unprotected  thundered 
out  the  blunt  truth  to  Floyd  and  Thompson,  that  they 
were  advocating  the  commission  of  a  crime  for  which,  if 
committed,  they  ought  to  be  hanged,  and  were  urging 
the  President  to  an  act  of  treason  for  which,  if  per- 
formed, he  could  be  impeached,  removed  from  office, 
and  punished  under  the  penal  code.  Floyd,  who  bad 
up  to  that  very  time  posed  as  a  unionist,  now  appeared 
in  his  true  character,  and  gave  up  the  contest  by  resign- 
ing. Thompson  soon  followed,  on  a  false  pretense,  and 
Thomas,  Cobb's  successor,  followed  him.  The  President 
surrounded  himself  with  a  patriotic  cabinet,  and  thus 
escaped  the  fate  false  friends  had  been  preparing  for 
him." 

Well  did  Attorney-General  Hoar,  after  Stan- 
ton's  death,  picture  him  as  standing  manfully 
at  his  post  during  those  ten  dark  weeks  of  that 
winter  of  national  agony  and  shame,  giving 
what  nerve  he  could  to  timid  and  trembling 
imbecility,  and  meeting  the  secret  plotters  of 
their  country's  ruin  with  an  undaunted  front, 
until  before  that  resolute  presence  the  demons 
of  treason  and  civil  discord  appeared  in  their 
own  shape  as  at  the  touch  of  Ithuriel's  spear, 
and  fled  baffled  and  howling  away. 

Stanton's  distrust  and  dislike  of  Lincoln 
during  the  first  months  of  his  administration 
are  clearly  set  forth,  and  the  story  of  how  these 
two  men  found  each  other  out  and  gradually 
came  to  see  through  the  same  glasses  is  one  of 
those  pleasing  features  which  give  to  history 
the  charm  of  romance.  During  all  the  time 
from  March  4,  1861,  to  January  15,  1862, 
although  a  member  of  Lincoln's  cabinet,  Stan- 
ton  never  once  met  the  President.  He  was  not 
alone  in  his  harsh  and  bitter  feeling  toward 
Lincoln's  administration  for  its  early  halting 
movements  ;  and  the  Union  Democrats  were  no 
more  outspoken  in  their  denunciations  than 
were  many  Republicans  at  that  time.  The  dis- 
graceful scramble  for  office  which  turned  the 
government  into  a  vast  patronage  distributor 
when  the  nation  seemed  literally  "  lying  su- 
pinely on  its  back,  while  its  enemies  bound  it 
hand  and  foot,"  aroused  the  indignation  of 
earnest  patriots  in  all  parts  of  the  country. 
Men  of  Stanton's  temperament  could  have  no 
patience  with  the  policy  which  spent  the  sum- 
mer in  explaining  to  weak  Unionists  that  it 
was  quite  constitutional  to  return  rebel  blows 
and  that  the  Constitution  did  not  forbid  the 
exercise  by  the  nation  of  the  law  of  self-preser- 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


51 


vation.  To  such  men,  these  were  not  open 
questions. 

Perhaps  that  part  of  the  biography  devoted 
to  the  pitiful  failures  of  McClellan  is  one  of 
the  most  interesting  in  the  work.  Some  may 
think  too  much  emphasis  is  laid  on  McClellan's 
shortcomings.  But  an  author  must  be  in  sym- 
pathy with  his  subject.  This  is  a  Life  of 
Stan  ton.  Stan  ton  and  McClellan  were  as  un- 
like in  temperaments,  characters,  and  methods 
as  it  is  possible  to  imagine.  Stanton  is  cer- 
tainly just  the  background  against  which  Mc- 
Clellan's weaknesses  are  most  sharply  defined, 
and  the  latter's  crookedness  seems  particularly 
perverse  as  seen  against  the  absolute  straight- 
forwardness of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

When,  on  January  13,  1862,  Stanton  was 
transferred  by  Lincoln  from  the  office  of  Attor- 
ney-General to  that  of  Secretary  of  the  War 
Department,  he  did  not  accept  the  latter  place 
till  he  had  called  upon  McClellan  for  advice, 
—  so  says  McClellan  in  his  "  Own  Story." 
Both  were  Union  Democrats,  whose  relations 
were  known  to  be  friendly,  and  Stanton's  resist- 
less energy  and  strong  will  seemed  to  promise 
an  aggressive  course  against  the  enemies  of  the 
government  from  that  time  forth.  Northern 
newspapers  and  men  of  all  parties  hailed  the 
appointment  with  joy  and  fresh  hope.  He  was 
a  lawyer,  with  a  knowledge  of  just  what  powers 
the  Constitution  gave  to  the  government ;  and 
his  contention  was  that  Congress  possessed  the 
war-making  power  without  limit,  and  that  the 
President  was  vested  by  Congress  with  full 
authority  to  do  all  that  may  be  done  in  civilized 
warfare.  It  was  through  his  influence  that 
Lincoln  at  length  asserted  himself  as  de  facto 
Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of 
the  United  States.  In  the  words  of  Mr.  Gor- 
ham,  Stanton  was  gifted  with  the  rarest  execu- 
tive faculty,  which,  while  keeping  the  main 
object  in  view,  masters  the  knowledge  of  all 
details,  divides  the  labor  between  wisely  se- 
lected subordinates,  and  energizes  their  action 
by  his  own  vigilant  supervision  and  by  holding 
them  to  a  strict  accountability  for  their  work. 
He  seems  to  have  had  his  eye  constantly  on 
every  part  of  the  field  of  national  affairs  in  any 
way  connected  with  his  department.  He  knew 
all  about  the  vessels  and  forts  in  our  command, 
the  size  of  every  gun,  and  how  it  was  mounted  ; 
he  knew  the  condition  of  health  of  every  officer ; 
he  had  "  feelers  "  in  all  directions.  He  was  all 
day  at  his  post,  and  late  into  the  night ;  not 
infrequently  morning  found  him  still  on  duty. 
He  went  to  the  front,  or  half  across  the  conti- 


nent, when  necessary  for  investigation  or  con- 
sultation. He  was  one  of  those  rare  men  who 
seem  made  of  iron,  and  are  uttery  tireless  and 
sleepless  in  the  service  of  whatever  cause  they 
have  at  heart. 

There  is  not  time  to  rehearse  the  thrilling 
scenes  of  the  war,  nor  is  it  necessary  here. 
The  story  never  grows  old,  and  it  is  set  forth 
in  this  Life  with  spirit  and  fairness.  Lincoln's 
patience,  which  to  men  of  Stanton's  type  ceased 
to  be  a  virtue,  when,  although  he  believed  Mc- 
Clellan had  played  false  to  the  army  and  had 
contributed  to  Pope's  defeat,  he  still  kept  him 
in  command,  is  well  portrayed.  Stanton's  fight 
for  the  country  against  Johnson,  and  his  death 
just  after  his  appointment  by  Grant  as  a  Jus- 
tice of  the  Supreme  Court  in  December,  1869, 
with  many  kindred  matters,  are  given  in  detail, 
and  constitute  one  of  the  most  thrilling  portions 
of  the  biography. 

The  second  volume  is  largely  devoted  to  the 
question  of  Reconstruction.  Stanton  was  the 
only  member  of  the  cabinet  who  totally  repudi- 
ated Johnson's  scheme  of  reconstruction.  He 
stated  his  opinions  with  great  clearness,  and 
never  lost  sight  of  the  mischievous  tactics  of 
Seward  and  Johnson.  When  the  Attorney- 
General  gave  an  opinion  which  would  have 
made  the  Reconstruction  Act  a  nullity  and  re- 
stored the  rebel  element  to  power,  the  supple- 
mentary Reconstruction  Act  was  promptly 
passed,  at  the  suggestion  of  Stanton,  which 
made  it  unequivocally  certain  that  Congress, 
as  the  war  power  of  the  government,  must  be 
obeyed.  Federal  officials  in  the  South  con- 
tinued their  efforts  to  get  rid  of  the  military 
orders  of  commanding  generals  by  invoking  the 
civil  power,  but  they  were  promptly  advised 
that  the  military  authorities  were  absolutely 
supreme.  The  President  was  commander-in- 
chief  of  the  armies,  but  his  champions  forgot 
that  in  this  case  Congress  had  relieved  him  from 
that  duty.  It  was  in  dealing  with  this  question 
that  Stanton  overhauled  the  action  of  the  gov- 
ernment from  the  beginning  respecting  the 
authority  of  the  Secretary  of  War.  This  he 
did  at  the  request  of  the  Committee  on  the  Con- 
duct of  the  War.  He  found  that  under  the 
law  the  several  chiefs  of  the  bureaus  in  the  War 
Department,  including  the  Adjutant- General, 
were  subordinates  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and 
that  all  orders  to  them  should  go  through  him. 
This  rule  considerably  extended  the  authority 
of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  General  Grant 
hesitated  at  first  to  follow  it,  as  did  Generals 
Scott,  Schofield,  and  Sherman.  But  the  care- 


52 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


f  ul  statement  of  the  case,  as  presented  by  Stan- 
ton,  brought  them  to  his  way  of  thinking,  and 
the  rule  which  had  prevailed  for  more  than  a 
hundred  years  was  abrogated. 

From  a  literary  standpoint,  the  second  vol- 
ume is  not  equal  to  the  first.  It  lacks  smooth- 
ness, and  evidently  did  not  receive  the  pruning 
that  was  given  to  Volume  I.  This  is  not  the 
final  Life  of  Edwin  M.  Stanton  ;  but  the  work  is 
conscientiously  and  sympathetically  done,  and 
it  contains  the  material  from  which  in  time  a 
more  concise  and  popular  biography  will  be 
compiled.  It  is  a  healthy  and  inspiring  story, 
and  one  that  young  men  especially  should  pon- 
der. As  the  friends  who  have  sat  with  you 
about  the  family  hearthstone  have  helped  to 
create  the  atmosphere  of  your  home,  and  as 
the  visits  of  certain  rarely-gifted  souls  seem  to 
leave  a  sort  of  blessed  influence  behind  which 
you  feel  long  after  they  have  passed  beyond 
your  porch,  so  the  knowledge  of  such  lives  as 
this,  so  full  of  consecration  and  zeal  and  high 
endeavor,  adds  to  our  sense  of  the  preciousness 
of  our  government  and  of  the  worth  of  human 
nature. 

The  stamp  of  the  Riverside  Press  denotes 

that  from  a  mechanical  point  of  view  the  book 

is  without  a  flaw ;  and  the  illustrations  and 

facsimiles  add  much  to  its  interest  and  value. 

GEORGE  W.  JULIAN. 


BRIEFS  ox  NEW  BOOKS. 

One  may  take  Mr.  Lafcadio  Hearn's 
"  Erotics  and  Retrospectives  "  (Lit- 
tle, Brown,  &  Co.),  or  at  least  the  last 
half  of  it,  aa  a  contribution  to  science,  if  one  likes. 
Some  people,  when  they  read  these  derivations  from 
ancestral  feeling  of  oar  pleasure  at  red  sunsets,  at 
the  blue  of  the  sky  (aa  in  other  things),  will  like  to 
compare  them  with  those  evolutionary  speculations 
on  the  color-sense  of  which  Mr.  Grant  Allen's  books, 
now  twenty  years  old,  are  interesting  examples. 
Bat  perhaps  that  is  taking  it  too  seriously  —  not  for 
Mr.  Hearn,  bat  for  the  reader ;  one  may  prefer  to 
be  reminded  of  M.  Maeterlinck's  "  in  the  very  tem- 
ple of  love  we  do  but  obey  the  unvarying  orders  of 
an  invisible  throne."  We  do  not  mention  these  two 
names  with  any  idea  that  Mr.  Hearn's  treatment  of 
Heredity,  if  we  may  so  call  it,  was  suggested  either 
by  Mr.  Allen  or  M.  Maeterlinck.  We  suppose  it 
most  probable  that  Mr.  Hearn  was  led  to  form  his 
opinions  by  the  general  tendencies  of  the  thought  of 
Japan ;  and,  indeed,  we  hope  that  this  is  the  case, 
for,  if  so,  we  have  rather  an  interesting  coincidence. 
M.  Maeterlinck  is  a  descendant  of  the  Christian 
mystics  of  the  middle  ages :  Mr.  Allen  is  a  follower 


of  Darwin.  Mr.  Hearn  by  the  thought  of  the  East 
comes  to  some  of  the  same  conclusions.  There  is 
probably  some  mutual  influence  ;  but  this  is  only  an 
example  of  what  is  otherwise  well  known  —  namely, 
that  the  tendencies  of  Eastern,  Mystic,  and  Evolu- 
tionary philosophies  are  in  more  than  minor  points 
alike.  It  is  not  proper,  however,  to  leave  the  idea 
in  mind  that  in  Mr.  Hearn's  latest  book  we  have 
merely  the  popular  development  of  a  philosophic 
theory.  The  last  half  of  the  book,  the  ••  Retro- 
spectives,"  does  consist  of  a  series  of  studies  of  this 
sort,  suggested  by  various  little  things  which  natur- 
ally occur  in  an  Eastern  life  and  have  their  analo- 
gies in  our  own.  And  as  Mr.  Hearn  holds  very 
strongly  to  the  opinion  that  we  are  largely  the  re- 
salt  of  the  known  causes  which  in  ages  past  have 
gone  to  our  making,  the  first  part  of  the  book  is 
naturally  not  without  color  of  the  same  idea.  Other- 
wise the  "  Exotics  "  are  not  connected,  but  are  dif- 
ferent Japanese  sketches,  one  of  an  ascent  of  Fuji, 
one  of  singing  insects,  one  on  the  Literature  of 
the  Dead,  and  on  other  matters,  all  very  distinctive 
and  very  distinctly  of  Mr.  Hearn's  quality,  though 
some  of  them  are  more  categorical  than  is  usual 
with  him.  Still,  all  are  good,  for  Mr.  Hearn  always 
writes  with  that  intimate  sentiment  of  comprehen- 
sion that  comes  from  his  real  knowledge  and  appre- 
ciation of  Japan,  which  is  probably  surer  than  that 
of  any  other  Englishman  or  American.  For  our- 
selves, we  rather  prefer  the  "  Exotics  ";  with  the 
"  Retrospectives  "  we  are  constantly  oppressed  by 
the  existence  of  a  pervasive,  half-apparent  philoso- 
phical theory,  which  we  cannot  define  and  put  into 
form,  at  least  not  without  more  material  than  is  here 
offered  us.  But  the  other  sketches  —  or  fantasias, 
as  Mr.  Hearn  calls  them  —  are  by  no  means  with- 
out their  interest,  even  to  those  who  care  nothing 
for  their  philosophy. 

Messrs.  Merwin- Webster's  narrative 

Railroading  Qf   4.  The   gh          LJne   Waf  „   ,  Mftc 

up-to-date.  ...       x  .  it*  i         r 

niillan)  is  a  good  thing  to  read  as  far 
as  the  story  is  concerned,  but  we  fear  its  moral  effect 
cannot  be  of  the  best.  The  chief  figure  is  not  pre- 
sented to  as  as  a  noble-minded  ideal  of  our  own 
time,  bat  as  a  sort  of  Homeric  hero,  more  like 
Ulysses  than  Ajax  as  suits  the  march  of  modern 
intellect.  He  wishes  to  defend  the  Short  Line,  and 
that  end  covers  all  means.  He  fights  the  unscrupu- 
lous bribes  of  his  opponents  with  more  bribes  ;  when 
they  buy  one  judge  to  issue  injunctions,  he  gets  an- 
other ;  when  they  hire  rowdies  to  capture  trains  and 
stations,  he  hires  other  rowdies  to  recapture  them. 
What  a  lesson  for  the  youth  of  America !  Success 
comes  of  meeting  political  fraud,  judicial  corruption, 
and  open  violence,  with  more  fraud,  more  corrup- 
tion, more  violence.  Trifling  aside,  however,  this  is 
the  weak  part  of  the  book  :  Jim  Weeks,  the  paladin 
of  the  Western  railroad  world,  is  no  different  from 
anybody  else  ;  he  is  only  a  little  more  so  than  most. 
In  other  words  he  is  not  a  person  but  an  abstrac- 
tion. The  creation  of  characters  is  not  so  easy  as 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


53 


the  telling  of  stories,  so  that  it  is  not  remarkable 
that  the  authors  of  "  The  Short  Line  War  "  have 
been  more  successful  in  giving  us  a  rattling  account 
of  plot  and  counter-plot  than  in  really  conveying  to 
us  an  idea  of  the  railroad  champion,  his  devoted 
young  secretary,  and  the  beautiful  maiden  who 
wanders  charming  and  unsustained,  somewhat  per- 
plexed though  never  shocked,  through  a  jarring 
labyrinth  of  utter  unmorality.  In  spite  of  all  this, 
we  are  not  much  afraid  of  recommending  the  work 
to  our  readers  as  a  summer  diversion.  It  is  to  be 
regarded  as  one  of  the  realistic  extravaganzas  which 
the  present  romanticism  has  called  to  light.  We 
must  not  think  of  it  as  a  transcript  of  life,  but  must 
look  at  it  in  the  spirit  in  which  Charles  Lamb  viewed 
the  Restoration  drama.  So  regarding  it,  we  may 
easily  enjoy  the  verve  and  cleverness  of  the  authors, 
without  being  shocked  at  their  lack  of  high  principle 
and  moral  impulse. 

An  pertaining  Miss  Clara  Tschudi's  popular  sketch 
truthful  book  on  of  "Eugdnie,  Empress  of  the  French  " 
Empress  Eugenie.  (Macmillan),  is  characterized  by  the 
same  good  qualities  that  we  noted  in  our  comments 
on  her  life  of  Marie  Antoinette.  Mr.  E.  M.  Cope 
is  again  the  translator,  and  English  readers  may 
well  thank  him  for  making  the  books  of  this  talented 
Norwegian  writer  thus  accessible.  Miss  Tschudi  is 
one  of  the  easiest  and  pleasantest  of  narrators  ;  and 
we  remember  what  a  relief  it  was  to  read  her  clear, 
just,  and  unpretentious  little  monograph  on  Marie 
Antoinette  shortly  after  having  waded  through  (or 
well  into)  a  two-volume  Serbonian  bog  of  verbiage 
and  labored  special-pleading,  in  which  a  lachrymose 
and  tireless  Frenchman  tried  to  make  a  heroine  of 
that  bad  sovereign  and  trumpery  character.  Miss 
Tschudi  is  not  profound  or  exhaustive,  and  does  not 
pretend  to  bs.  She  writes  mainly  to  entertain,  and 
she  tries  honestly  to  write  the  truth.  Her  book  is 
sympathetic,  yet  she  is  aware  of  Eugenie's  faults ; 
and  she  does  not  try  to  gloss  them.  We  do  not,  how- 
ever, think  she  has  sufficiently  emphasized  the  fact 
that  the  Empress  was  largely  to  blame  for  the  heart- 
less, spectacular  way  in  which  the  ill-starred  Prince 
Imperial  was  thrust  into  danger  whenever  a  scrap 
of  political  capital  or  cheap  popularity  was  to  be 
gained  by  it.  The  farcical  "  baptism  of  fire  "  busi- 
ness at  Saarbruck  was  prompted  and  approved  by 
Eugenie.  Think  of  setting  this  mere  child  on  the 
firing  line  to  be  "  potted  at "  by  the  Germans,  in 
order  that  a  sensational  ^efo'2-Napoleonic  bulletin 
might  be  sent  to  Paris  !  Miss  Tschudi  may  be  right 
in  stating  that  the  Empress  opposed  the  titular 
Prince  Imperial's  fatal  expedition  to  Africa  in  1879 ; 
but  such  is  not  our  conception  of  the  matter.  At 
all  events,  the  adventure  was  at  bottom  a  contemp- 
tible "  grandstand  play,"  in  popular  phraseology ; 
and  the  Zulus  were  least  of  all  to  blame  for  its  issue. 
Miss  Tschudi's  book  seems  to  us  the  most  readable 
and  the  least  misleading  of  the  popular  ones  on  the 
subject.  There  is  a  pretty  frontispiece  portrait  in 
colors. 


of  the 


The  second  volume  of  Prof.  Hast- 


in  8>8  great  «  Dictionary  of  the  Bible  " 

Bible  Dictionary.  &    „  &  .  • 

(Scnbner)  continues  the  impression 
made  by  the  first.  To  it  falls  a  number  of  matters 
among  the  most  important  in  Biblical  study,  and 
the  mere  enumeration  of  subjects  of  some  of  the 
papers  —  Flood,  Galatia,  Genealogy,  God,  Gospels, 
Epistle  to  the  Hebrews,  Hell,  Hexateuch,  Incarna- 
tion, Isaiah,  Jesus  Christ,  the  Johannine  writings  — 
will  show  the  influence  it  is  certain  to  have  upon 
future  religious  teachings.  As  in  the  preceding 
volume,  the  point  of  view  is  thoroughly  modern,  but 
the  treatment  is  reverent  —  perhaps  all  the  more  so 
in  that  no  attempt  is  made  to  brush  away  or  blink 
difficulties.  Sometimes  the  conservative  will  feel 
this  frankness  is  perhaps  a  little  over-frank,  as  in 
the  article  upon  Genealogy  ;  but  the  radical  will 
find  little  to  his  liking,  so  sober  is  the  work  in  all 
the  important  papers.  Occasionally,  as  is  natural, 
one  feels  a  trifle  disappointed,  as  in  the  article  upon 
the  Gospels  ;  and  at  other  times  it  is  hard  to  feel 
the  wisdom  of  taking  space  for  discussions  of  some 
of  the  more  obsolete  words  (like  "  glisten  ")  of  the 
Authorized  Version.  But  there  can  be  nothing  but 
admiration  for  an  article  like  that  upon  Jesus  Christ, 
in  which  there  is  maintained  an  almost  impossible 
balance  between  caution  and  absolute  liberty  in 
investigation.  It  marks  a  long  step  forward  in  the 
evangelical-critical  study  of  this  most  important  sub- 
ject. The  difference  in  spirit  between  English  Old 
and  New  Testament  criticism  is  well  shown  by  a 
comparison  of  the  papers  on  the  Hexateuch  and  the 
Gospel  of  John  ;  while  those  upon  Jerusalem  and 
the  Herods  are  good  examples  of  unbiased  archaeo- 
logical and  historical  studies.  Taken  altogether, 
there  is  little  but  praise  for  the  volume,  and  for  the 
work  as  a  whole. 


Study  of 
Economics 
in  schools. 


The  series  of  "  Economic  Studies," 
published  as  a  bi-monthly  periodical 
by  the  American  Economic  Associa- 
tion (Macmillan),  is  now  in  its  fifth  year,  and  num- 
bers a  score  or  more  of  valuable  monographs.  The 
latest  of  them  is  the  work  of  Mr.  Frederick  R.  Clow, 
and  has  for  its  subject  "Economics  as  a  School 
Study."  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  Committee 
of  Ten  reported  adversely  to  the  inclusion  of  eco- 
nomics in  secondary  school  work,  and  that  Dr.  F.  H. 
Dixon  has  made  a  notable  plea  for  economic  his- 
tory as  a  substitute  for  economic  science  in  secondary 
education.  Mr.  Clow,  on  the  other  hand,  presents 
a  brief  for  economic  science ;  and  his  argument  is, 
we  believe,  incontrovertible.  Both  for  knowledge 
and  for  disciplinary  power,  economics  is  of  the 
highest  value  for  young  persons  about  to  be  gradu- 
ated from  secondary  schools,  and  Mr.  Clow  has 
made  the  most  convincing  statement  in  behalf  of 
this  proposition  that  we  have  ever  seen.  There  is 
a  world  of  truth,  moreover,  in  his  statement  that 
recent  "  discussions  have  left  the  fundamentals  of 
the  science  unchanged,"  and  that  the  traditional 
arrangement  of  the  subject  is  still  the  proper  frame- 


54 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


work  within  which  the  teacher  may  work.  This 
monograph  should  fall  into  the  hands  of  every 
teacher  of  the  subject  in  our  high  schools  and  col- 

K'k't'M.  

To  turn  from  law  to  literature  has 
been  the  recreation  and  delight  of 
many  a  man  at  the  bar,  from  the 
time  of  Bacon  and  Fletcher  of  Saltoun  to  the  pres- 
ent, so  far  as  English  is  concerned.  To  follow  the 
thought  of  Mr.  Clarence  S.  Darrow  through  the  five 
essays  which  make  op  the  book  named  from  the 
first  of  them  ••  A  Persian  Pearl "  (The  Royoroft 
Shop),  is  to  find  the  critical  faculty  of  the  lawyer  at 
its  best.  To  Omar  Khayyam,  to  Walt  Whitman, 
and  to  Robert  Barns,  Mr.  Darrow  brings  a  fine 
sense  of  analysis  coupled  with  a  vivifying  sympathy 
which  proves  his  own  enjoyment  of  those  three 
writers,  different  as  are  their  several  appeals.  From 
them  to  a  strong  plea  for  "  Realism  in  Art "  is  not 
a  long  stop,  and  the  brief  for  realism  is  argued  out 
with  good  humor  and  a  perfect  understanding  of  the 
necessity  for  idealism  as  well.  Of  another  and  more 
personal  sort  is  "  The  Skeleton  in  the  Closet."  The 
skeleton  is  an  uncomfortable  combination  of  dese- 
crated ideals  and  a  bad  conscience,  with  an  insistent 
plea  for  the  betterment  of  character  almost  as 
insistently  disregarded  by  its  possessor.  The  book 
as  a  whole  leaves  a  pleasant  impression  of  broad 
and  catholic  interests  in  life. 


A  capital 

liibfrnian 

jut-book. 


Pleasurable  emotions  not  a  few  await 
the  reader  of  Mr.  Michael  Mac- 
Donagh's  stories  of  "  Irish  Life  and 
Character"  (Whittaker),  among  them  the  occa- 
sional joy  of  meeting  an  old  friend.  We  do  not 
mean  to  carp  at  Mr.  MacDonagh  for  introducing 
now  and  then  a  good  old  favorite ;  but  he  really 
might  have  spared  us  Sir  Boyle  Roche's  bird  — 
which  seems  to  have  the  gift  of  being  in  as  many 
places  in  literature  at  once  as  has,  say,  Mr.  Andrew 
Lang.  Mr.  MacDonagh  attempts  in  his  book  to  do 
for  Ireland  what  Dean  Ramsay  has  done  in  his 
"  Reminiscences  "  for  Scotland.  He  has  given  us, 
at  all  events,  a  capital  Hibernian  jest-book,  which 
shows  "  Pat "  as  he  really  is,  with  all  his  delightful 
native  wit  and  simplicity,  and  not  as  the  caricatur- 
ists of  the  comic  "  Weeklies  "  paint  him.  The  book 
is  a  faithful  mirror  of  the  lighter  traits  of  Irish 
character,  and  it*  popularity  is  attested  by  the  fact 
that  it  has  now  reached  a  second  edition. 


A  iromanon  a 
Wetter*  ranch. 


The  great  West  is  the  paradise  of 
the  health-seeker.  Mrs.  Edith  M. 
Nicholl's  "  Observations  of  a  Ranch- 
woman  in  New  Mexico  "  (Macmillan)  is  what  an 
acute  observer,  on  a  search  for  physical  strength, 
jotted  down  as  of  general  interest.  She  gives  us  a 
sketch  of  the  Mexican  on  his  native  heath,  of  his 
methods  of  work,  and  the  results  he  achieves.  The 
politics  and  sectionalism  of  the  territory  are  sub- 
mitted to  the  caustic  criticism  of  her  ready  pen. 
The  enchanting  scenery,  the  equable  climate,  and 


the  special  attractions  of  the  country  engage  her 
attention  through  many  pages.  As  long  as  the  au- 
thor confines  her  attention  to  the  peculiarities  and 
conditions  about  her,  she  can  carry  along  the  intel- 
ligent reader;  but  when  she  attempts  to  dilate  on 
wages,  education,  our  help,  and  such  themes,  weari- 
ness and  monotony  take  the  place  of  interest.  The 
earlier  half  of  the  book  is  a  contribution  of  some 
value  on  affairs  in  that  section  of  the  frontier. 


BRIEFER  MENTION. 


A  reproduction  of  the  designs  made  by  William 
Blake  to  illustrate  Thornton's  Virgil  (1821)  is  sent  us 
by  Mr.  Thomas  B.  Moeher,  in  the  form  of  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  volumes  that  bear  his  imprint.  The  mea- 
gre material  afforded  by  these  designs  alone  is  pieced 
out  by  means  of  an  introduction,  some  notes,  Samuel 
Palmer's  translation  of  the  first  eclogue,  and  the  imita- 
tive eclogue  of  "  Thenot  and  Colinet,"  by  Ambrose 
Philips,  the  whole,  aided  by  thick  paper  with  generous 
margins,  forming  a  sizable  octavo  volume.  The  work  is, 
we  need  hardly  say,  a  delight  to  the  book-lover's  sense. 

Volume  IX.  of  the  "  Harvard  Studies  in  Classical 
Philology  "  (Ginn)  is  in  a  certain  sense  a  memorial 
volume  to  Professors  Lane  and  Allen,  who  left  among 
their  manuscripts  "  several  papers  in  different  stages  of 
completion."  Portraits  of  both  men  are  given,  as  well 
as  memoirs,  Professor  Morgan  writing  of  Lane  ami 
Professor  Geenough  of  Allen.  This  matter  tills  about 
one-third  of  the  volume;  the  remaining  contents  are  by 
several  hands,  and  relate  mainly  to  various  aspects  of 
the  work  of  Plautus. 

The  Bostpn  Public  Library  has  just  made  an  import- 
ant contribution  to  scientific  literature  in  the  publication 
of  "  A  Selected  Bibliography  of  the  Anthropology  and 
Ethnology  of  Europe,  compiled  by  Dr.  William  Z. 
Ripley.  Dr.  Ripley  has  had  much  learned  collaboration 
in  his  task,  and  the  result  is  a  volume  of  160  pages, 
comprising  about  2000  titles.  The  interesting  state- 
ment is  made  that  all  of  the  works  mentioned  (excepting 
possibly  five  per  cent)  are  on  the  shelves  of  the  library 
whence  this  bibliography  issues.  In  a  sense,  the  present 
work  is  a  companion  volume  to  Dr.  Ripley's  forthcoming 
treatise  on  "  The  Races  of  Europe." 

"The  International  Year  Book"  for  1898,  published 
by  Messrs.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  is  "  a  compendium  of 
the  world's  progress  in  every  department  of  human 
knowledge  for  the  year."  It  has  been  edited  by  Pro- 
fessors Frank  Moore  Colby  and  Harry  Thurston  Peck, 
and  is  an  octavo  volume  of  nearly  a  thousand  pages. 
The  arrangement  is  alphabetical.  There  are  numerous 
maps  and  illustrations.  The  Spanish- American  War, 
the  African  complications,  the  affairs  of  Crete  and 
Greece,  are  a  few  of  the  subjects  dealt  with  at  much 
length.  The  work  will  be  found  very  useful  for  refer- 
ence, and  to  supplement  the  encyclopaedias.  We  trust 
that  it  will  be  continued  annually. 

The  American  Book  Co.  send  us  a  "  Latin  Prose  Com- 
position," based  on  Ccesar,  Nepos,  and  Cicero,  by  Messrs. 
C.  C.  Dodge  and  H.  A.  Tuttle;  "The  Beginner's  Latin 
Book,"  by  Mr.  James  B.  Smiley  and  Miss  Helen  L. 
Storke;  and  a  text  of  Eutropius,  edited  for  school  use 
by  Dr.  J.  C.  Hazzard. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


LiITERARY   NOTES. 


Chamisso's  "  Peter  Schlemihl,"  in  Dr.  Hedge's  trans- 
lation, has  just  been  published  by  Messrs.  Ginn  &  Co. 
in  a  small  volume  intended  for  school  use. 

The  second  series  of  Dr.  Edward  Moore's  "  Studies  in 
Dante  "  will  be  published  at  once  by  the  Clarendon 
Press.  These  papers  relate  chiefly  to  the  poet  consid- 
ered as  a  religious  teacher. 

"  The  Story  of  the  Thirteen  Colonies  "  and  "  The 
Story  of  the  Great  Republic,"  both  by  Miss  H.  A. 
Guerber,  are  two  history  readers  for  schools,  published 
by  the  American  Book  Co. 

Milton's  "  Conius,  Lycidas,  and  Other  Poems,"  and 
Byron's  "  Childe  Harold's  Pilgrimage,"  both  edited  for 
school  use  by  Mr.  A.  J.  George,  are  the  latest  volumes 
in  the  "  Pocket  English  Classics,"  published  by  the 
Macmillan  Co. 

Volume  LVII.  of  "  The  Century  Magazine,"  for  the 
half-year  ending  last  April,  has  just  been  sent  us  by  the 
publishers.  The  recent  war  naturally  occupies  the  chief 
place  of  interest  among  the  contents,  and  makes  the  vol- 
ume particularly  valuable  as  a  work  of  reference. 

A  sheaf  of  recent  reports  from  the  Field  Columbian 
Museum  include  four  numbers  in  the  geological  series, 
and  five  in  the  zoological  series.  They  relate,  for  the 
most  part,  to  investigations  of  the  fossils  and  the  living 
fauna  of  the  Western  States,  the  chief  exception  being 
an  account  of  "  The  Ores  of  Colombia." 

Mr.  Henry  W.  Elson's  "  Side  Lights  on  American 
History  "  (Macmillan)  is  a  good  book  to  be  put  in  the 
hands  of  young  students  for  collateral  reading.  It 
deals,  simply  and  interestingly,  with  nearly  a  score  of 
subjects,  among  them  being  the  alien  and  sedition  laws, 
the  conspiracy  of  Burr,  Lafayette's  visit  to  the  United 
States,  the  Underground  Railroad,  and  the  Lincoln- 
Douglas  debates. 

Still  another  edition  of  Fitz  Gerald's  "  Omar  "  has 
been  issued  by  Mr.  T.  B.  Mosher,  whose  imprint  has 
come  to  mean  so  much  to  lovers  of  beautiful  books.  It 
is  an  oblong  tome  of  vest  pocket  dimensions,  with  a 
preface  by  Mr.  Nathan  Haskell  Dole,  a  pronouncing 
vocabulary,  the  text  of  the  so-called  fifth  edition,  and 
the  notes  of  the  translator.  All  of  this  may  be  had  for 
the  modest  sum  of  twenty-five  cents. 

Messrs.  Small,  Maynard,  &  Co.  announce  that  they 
have  acquired  the  greater  part  of  the  publications  of 
Messrs.  Copeland  &  Day,  who  are  retiring  from  busi- 
ness. The  list  is  a  good  one,  comprising  books  by 
Father  Tabb,  Messrs.  Bliss  Carman,  Richard  Burton, 
Miss  Rayner,  and  Miss  Guiney,  besides  Mr.  Rosenfeld's 
"  Songs  from  the  Ghetto,"  and  the  exquisitely  printed 
"  English  Love  Sonnet "  series.  Miss  Alice  Brown's 
two  volumes,  "  Meadow  Grass  "  and  "  On  the  Road  to 
Castaly,"  have  been  taken  over  by  Messrs.  Houghton, 
Mifflin  &  Co.,  the  publishers  of  Miss  Brown's  recent 
successful  "  Tiverton  Tales." 

Mr.  Charles  A.  Eggert,  of  the  Chicago  High  Schools, 
has  sent  us  reprints  of  two  of  his  recent  papers  —  one  on 
Moliere's  "  Misanthrope  "  from  "  Modern  Language 
Notes,"  and  one  on  Goethe  from  "  Americana  Ger- 
manica."  The  latter  is  a  reply  to  "  The  Case  against 
Goethe,"  by  Professor  Dowden,  and  protests  vigorously 
against  the  plea  of  that  essay,  although  it  seems  to  us 
that  Professor  Dowdeu's  position  as  an  advocatus  diaboli 
in  that  case  is  not  clearly  enough  recognized.  In  other 
words,  the  English  scholar  holds  practically  the  view  of 


Mr.  Eggert,  although  for  the  special  purpose  of  his 
essay  he  assumed  a  hypercritical  standpoint.  Mr. 
Eggert's  two  papers  are  interesting  to  us  not  alone  for 
their  intrinsic  value,  but  still  more  so  as  illustrating  the 
tendency  of  our  secondary  teachers  to  do  good  scholarly 
work.  The  number  of  men  in  our  secondary  schools 
who  can  do  such  work  is  growing  yearly,  and  would 
grow  much  more  rapidly  were  our  school  authorities 
wise  enough  to  attract  scholars  to  these  posts  by  giving 
them  the  same  freedom  in  their  work  as  is  accorded  to 
instructors  in  the  colleges. 


OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

[The  following  list,   containing  92  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.} 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  MEMOIRS. 
The  Life  of  William  Morris.  By  J.  W.  Mackail.  In  2  vols., 

illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  8vo,  uncut.   Longmans,  Green, 

&Co.    $7.50  net. 
Reminiscences  of  the  King  of  Roumania.    Edited  from 

the  original,  with  an  Introduction,  by  Sidney  Whitman. 

Authorized  edition ;  -with  portrait,  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 

pp.  367.    Harper  &  Brothers.    $3. 
Eugenie,  Empress  of  the  French :  A  Popular  Sketch.     By 

Clara  Tschudi ;  authorized  translation  from  the  Norwegian 

by  E.  M.  Cope.  With  portrait  in  colors,  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  283. 

Macmillan  Co.    $3. 
The  Life  of  Maximilien  Robespierre,  with  Extracts  from 

his    Unpublished    Correspondence.     By    George    Henry 

Lewes.  New  edition ;  illus.,  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  399.   Charles 

Scribner's  Sons.    $1.50. 
Cosimo  de'  Medici.  By  K.  Dorothea  Ewart.   12mo,  pp.  240. 

"Foreign  Statesmen."    Macmillan  Co.    75  cts. 

HISTORY. 

Reminiscences  of  the  Santiago  Campaign.     By  John 

Bigelow,  Jr.     With  map,  12mo,  pp.   188.     Harper  & 

Brothers.     81.25. 
Side  Lights  on  American  History.    By  Henry  W.  Elson, 

A.M.    16mo,  pp.  398.    Macmillan  Co.    75  cts. 
Outline  of  Historical  Method.    By  Fred  Morrow  Fling, 

Ph.D.  12mo,  pp.  124.  Lincoln,  Nebr.:  J.H.  Miller.  60  cts. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

Henrik  Ibsen  —  Bjornstjerne  Bjornson:  Critical  Studies. 
By  George  Brandes.  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  171.  Mac- 
millan Co.  $2.50. 

Lady  Louisa  Stuart:  Selections  from  her  Manuscripts. 
Edited  by  Hon.  James  Home.  With  portrait,  8vo,  gilt  top, 
uncut,  pp.  310.  Harper  &  Brothers.  $2. 

The  Baronet  and  the  Butterfly :  A  Valentine  with  a  Ver- 
dict. By  James  McNeil  Whistler.  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  79. 
R.  H.  Russell.  $1.25. 

Greek  Sculpture  with  Story  and  Song.  By  Albinia 
Wherry.  Illus.,  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  322.  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons.  $2.50. 

NEW  EDITIONS  OF  STANDARD  LITERATURE. 

The  Poetry  of  Lord  Byron.  Edited  by  Ernest  Hartley 
Coleridge,  M.A.  Vol.  II.;  illus.,  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 
pp.  525.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $2. 

The  Works  of  Shakespeare,  "  Eversley  "  edition.  Edited 
by  C.  H.  Herford.  Litt.D.  Vol.  V.;  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  542. 
Macmillan  Co.  $1.50. 

Scott's  Waverley  Novels,  "  Temple  "  edition.  New  vols.: 
Woodstock  (2  vols.),  The  Talisman,  and  The  Betrothed. 
Each  with  photogravure  frontispiece,  24mo,  gilt  top. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  Per  vol.,  80  cts. 

FitzGerald's  Rubaiyat  of  Omar  Khayyam.  Vest  Pocket 
edition.  With  Preface  by  Nathan  Haskell  Dole.  32mo, 
uncut,  pp.  50.  Portland,  Maine :  Thomas  B.  Mosher. 
Paper,  25  cts.  net. 

The  Life  of  Friedrich  Schiller.  By  Thomas  Carlyle.  "Cen- 
tenary" edition;  illus.,  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  357.  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons.  $1.25. 


56 


THE    DIAL 


[July  16, 


POETRY. 

Sea  Drift.  By  Grace  Ellery  Churning.  V-'mo,  gilt  top,  un- 
cut, pp.  90.  Small,  Maynard.  A  Co.  $1.50. 

An  Ode  to  Girlhood,  and  Other  Poems.  By  Alice  Archer 
Sewell.  With  fro»tiapieoe,  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  7:5. 
Harper  &  Brothers.  $1.25. 

FICTION. 
That  Fortune.    By  Charles  Dudley  Warner,   l-'mo,  gilt  top. 

uncut,  pp.  394.    Harper  A  brothers.     $1.50. 
Ridan  the  Devil,  and  Other  Stories.  By  Louis  Becke.  12mo, 

gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  330.    J.  B.Lippincott  Co.    $1.50. 
The  Heart  of  Miranda,  and  Other  Stories,  being  Mostly 

Winter  Tales.   By  H.  B.  Marriott  Watson.   12mo,  gilt  top, 

uncut,  pp.  335.    John  Lane.    $1 .25. 
The  Hooligan  Nights:  Being  the  Life  and  Opinion*  of  a 

Young  and  Unrepentant  Criminal  Recounted  by  himsplf, 

asSet  Forth  by  Clarence  Rook.  12mo.pp.276.  Henry  Holt 

A  Co.    $1.25. 
The  Duke's  Servants:  A  Romance.     By  Sidney  Herbert 

Burohell.     12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  306.    Little,  Brown, 

A  Co.    $1.50. 
A  Lost  Lady  of  Old  Years :  A  Romance.  By  John  Bnchan. 

I'.'nio,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  366.    John  Lane.    $1.50. 
A  Man  from  the  North.  By  E.  A.  Bennett.  12rao,  gilt  top, 

uncut,  pp.  265.    John  Lane.    $1.25. 
A  Princess  of  Vasoovy.    By  John  Oxenham.    12mo,  gilt 

top.  uncut,  pp.  340.    G.  W.  Dillingham  Co.     $1 .25. 
A  Cosmopolitan  Comedy.     By  Anna  Robeson  Brown. 

12mo.  pp.  304.     D.  Appleton  &  Co.     $1.;  paper,  50  cts. 
Mary  Cameron:  A  Romance  of  Fisherman's  Island.    By 

Edith  A.  Sawyer;  with  Foreword  by  Harriet  Prescott 

Spofford.  With  frontispiece,  1  -mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp. '-'-'". 

Boston :  Benj.  H.  Sanborn  &  Co.    $1. 
The  Sixth  Sense,  and  Other  Stories.     By  Margaret  Sntton 

Brisooe.   Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  274.  Harper  &  Brothers.  $l.'2.r,. 
Sun  Beetles:  A  Comedy  of  Nickname  Land.     By  Thomas 

Pinkerton.    12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  301.    John  Laue. 

$1  25 
Of  Necessity.    Bv  H.  M.  Gilbert.    12mo,  gilt  top,  ancut, 

pp.  276.    John  Lane.    $1.25. 

NEW  VOLUMES  IK  THE  PAPEB  LIBRARIES. 

O.  W.  Dlllinerham   Co.'s  Metropolitan  Library:    Dry 

Bread ;  or.  The  Reign  of  Selfishness.   By  Samuel  Walker. 

12mo,  pp.  448.    50  cts. 
O.  W.  Dllllngbam  Co.'s  American   Authors  Library: 

Look  and  Key.  By  James  M.  Galloway.  12mo,  pp.  407.  50c. 
F.  Tennyson  Neely's  Popular  Library:  Love  Multiplied. 

By  Rena  A.  Locke.    12mo,  pp.  393.    25  cts. 

TRAVEL  AND  DESCRIPTION. 

Two  Women  In  the  Klondike :  The  Story  of  a  Journey  to 
the  Gold  Fields  of  Alaska.  By  Mary  E.  Hitchcock.  Illus.. 
large  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  485.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  8:5. 
i:  Its  History  and  Resources,  Gold  Fields,  Routes,  and 


Scenery.  By  Miner  Bruce.  Second  edition,  revised  and 
enlarged.  Illus.,  8vo,  pp.  237.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $2.50. 

Alaska  and  the  Klondike :  A  Journey  to  the  New  Eldorado, 
with  Hints  to  the  Traveller.  By  Angelo  Heilprin.  F.R.G.S. 
lllns.,  1 '.'mo.  pp.  315.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.  $1.75. 

Puerto  Rico:  Its  Conditions  and  Possibilities.  By  William 
Dinwiddie.  Illus.,  8vo,  pp.  294.  Harper  A  Brothers.  $2.50. 

The  Trail  of  the  Qoldseekers :  A  Record  of  Travel  in  Prose 
and  Verse.  By  Hamlin  Garland.  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 
pp.  264.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50. 

Lee's  Guide  to  Gay  "  Paree  "  and  Every- Day  French  Con- 
versation. Specially  compiled  for  American  Tourists  by 
Max  Maury,  A.B.  lllns.,  'J4mo,  gilt  edges,  pp.  177.  Laird 
&  Lee.  $1. 

NATURE  AND  OUT-OF-DOOR  BOOKS. 

Ornamental  Shrubs  for  Garden,  Lawn,  and  Park  Planting. 
By  Lucius  D.  Davis.  Illus.,  large  Hvo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 
pp.  338.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $3.50. 

On  the  Birds'  Highway.  By  Reginald  Heber  Howe,  Jr. 
With  photographic  illustrations  by  the  author  and  frontis- 
piece in  colors  by  I  .onis  Agasmz  Fuertes.  I'-'mo,  gilt  edges, 
pp.  175.  Small,  Maynard,  &  Co.  $2. 

Our  Insect  Friends  and  Foes:  How  to  Collect,  Preserve, 
and  Study  Them.  By  Belle  S.  Cragin.  A.M.  Illus.,  1 -'m,,, 
pp.  377.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.75. 


POLITICAL  AND  ECONOMIC  STUDIES. 

The  Constitution  of  the  United  States :  A  Critical  I  Ms- 
otneion  of  its  Genesis,  Development,  and  Interpretation. 
By  John  Randolph  Tucker,  LL.D.;  edited  by  Henry  St. 
George  Tucker.  In  2  vols.,  large  8vo,  uncut.  Chicago : 
Callaghan  A  Co. 

Imperial  Democracy:  By  David  Starr  Jordan.  Umo, 
pp.  •_".«.  D.  Appleton  A  Co.  $1.50. 

Industrial  Cuba:  A  Study  of  Present  Conditions,  with  Sug- 
gestions as  to  the  Opportunities  Presented  for  American 
Capital,  Enterprise,  and  labour.  By  Robert  P.  Porter. 
Illus.,  large  8vo,  pp.  428.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $3.50. 

America  in  the  East:  A  Glance  at  Our  History.  Prospects, 
Problems,  and  Duties  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  By  William 
Elliot  Griffis.  Illim.,  Umo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  244.  A.  S. 
Barnes  &  Co.  $1.50. 

Centralized  Administration  of  Liquor  Laws  in  ill- 
American  Commonwealths.  By  Clement  Moore  Lacey 
Sites,  LL.B.  Large  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  162.  "  Columbia 
University  Studies."  Macmillan  Co.  Paper,  $1. 

PHILOSOPHY  AND  ETHICS. 
From  Comte  to  Benjamin  Kidd:  The  Appeal  to  Biology 

or  Evolution  for  Human  Guidance.  By  Robert  Mackintosh, 

B.D.     12mo,  pp.  312.     Macmillan  Co.     $1.50. 
Ethics  and  Revelation.  By  Henry  S.  Nash.   12mo,  pp.  277. 

Macmillan  Co.     $1.50. 
Vedftnta  Philosophy :  Lectures  by  the  Swftmi  Vivekannnda 

on  Raja  Yoga  and  Other  Subjects.    Revised  and  enlarged 

edition.     With  portrait,  12 mo,  pp.  381.     Baker  &  Taylor 

Co.    $1.50. 
Better- World  Philosophy:  A  Sociological  Synthesis.     By 

J.  Howard  Moore.     12mo,  pp.  275.     Chicago  :  The  Ward 

WanghCo.    $1. 

BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG. 

Shine  Ten-ill:  A  Sea  Island  Ranger.  By  Kirk  Munroe.  Illus., 
12mo,  pp.  317.  Lothrop  Publishing  Co.  $1.25. 

The  Stories  Polly  Pepper  Told  to  the  Five  Little  Peppers 
in  the  Little  Brown  House.  By  Margaret  Sidney.  Illus., 
12mo,  pp.  469.  Lothrop  Publishing  Co.  $1.50. 

Yesterday  Framed  in  To- Day:  A  Story  of  the  Christ,  and 
how  To-Day  Received  Him.  By  "Pansy"  (Mrs.  G.  R. 
Alden).  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  356.  Lothrop  Publishing  Co. 
$1.50. 

EDUCATION.— BOOKS  FOR  SCHOOL  AND 
COLLEGE. 

From  the  Child's  Standpoint:  Views  of  Child  Life  and 
Nature.  By  Florence  Hull  Winterbnrn.  With  portrait, 
12mo,  pp.  278.  Baker  &  Taylor  Co.  $1.25. 

Nursery  Ethics.  By  Florence  Hull  Winterburn.  New  edi- 
tion ;  12mo,  pp.  241.  Baker  &  Taylor  Co.  $1. 

Handbook  of  British,  Continental,  and  Canadian  Uni- 
versities, with  Special  Mention  of  the  Courses  Open  to 
Women.  Compiled  by  laabel  Maddison,  B.Sc.  Second 
edition ;  8vo.  pp.  174.  Macmillan  Co.  75  cts.  net. 

The  Beginner's  Latin  Book.  By  James  B.  Smiley,  A.M., 
and  Helen  L.  Storke,  A.B.  12mo,  pp.  282.  American 
Book  Co.  $1. 

Connected  Passages  for  Latin  Prose  Writing.  By 
Maurice  W.  Mather,  Ph.D.,  and  Arthur  L.  Wheeler, 
Ph.D.  12mo,  pp.  206.  Harper  «&  Brothers. 

Plane  Geometry.  By  G.  A.  Wentworth.  Revised  edition  ; 
12mo,  pp.  256.  Ginn  &  Co.  85  cts. 

Latin  Prose  Composition.  By  Charles  Crocker  Dodge, 
B.A.,  and  Hiram  Austin  Tnttle,  Jr.,  M.A.  12mo,  m>.  1 IV 
American  Book  Co.  75  cts. 

Eutroplus.  Edited  by  J.  C.  Hazzard,  Ph.D.  12mo,  pp.  243. 
American  Book  Co.  75  cts. 

The  Story  of  the  Great  Republic.  By  H.  A.  Guerber. 
Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  349.  American  Book  Co.  65  cts. 

Source-Book  of  American  History,  for  Schools  and  Read- 
ers. Edited  by  Albert  Bnshnell  Hart,  Ph.D.  12mo, 
pp.  408.  Maomillau  Co.  60  cts. 

The  Story  of  the  Thirteen  Colonies.  By  H.  A.  Guerber. 
lllns.,  r.'mo,  pp.  342.  American  Book  Co.  65  cts. 

Lesstng's  Minna  von  Barnbelm.  Edited  by  Starr  Willard 
Cutting.  Ph.D.  With  portrait,  Itimo,  pp.  224.  Macmillan 
Co.  60  cts. 

The  Cable  Story  Book:  Selections  fur  School  Reading. 
Edited  by  Mary  E.  Bnrt  and  Lucy  Leftingwell  Cable. 
Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  176.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  60  eta.  net. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


Second  Year  in  German.    By  I.  Keller.    12mo,  pp.  388. 

American  Book  Co. 
Scott's  Kenilworth.  Abridged  and  edited  by  Mary  Harriott 

Norris.    12mo,  pp.  335.    American  Book  Co.    50  cts. 
Easy  Latin  Passages  for  Translation.     By  Frank  Ritchie, 

M.A.    16mo,  pp.  187.    Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.    50  cts. 

MISCELLANEO  US. 

A  Short  History  of  Freethought,  Ancient  and  Modern. 
By  John  M.  Robertson.  Large  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  447.  Mac- 
millan  Co.  $3. 

Yale:  Her  Campus,  Class-Rooms,  and  Athletics.  By  Lewis 
Sheldon  Welch  and  Walter  Camp  ;  with  Introduction  by 
Samuel  J.  Elder.  Illus.,  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  628. 
L.  C.  Page  &  Co.  $2.50. 

A  Selected  Bibliography  of  the  Anthropology  and  Ethnol- 
ogy of  Europe.  By  William  Z.  Ripley,  Ph.D.  8vo,  uncut, 
pp.  160.  Published  by  the  Trustees  of  the  Boston  Public 
Library.  Paper. 

The  Elements  of  Vital  Statistics.  By  Arthur  Newsholme, 
M.D.  Third  edition,  almost  entirely  rewritten.  12mo, 
uncut,  pp.  353.  Macmillan  Co.  $3. 

Our  Lady  of  the  Green :  A  Book  of  Ladies'  Golf.  Edited 
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Vols.  I.-XII.  now  ready.     12mo,  cloth,  extra,  per 
vol.,  91.50. 

The  Works  of  Edward  Everett  Hale.  New 
Library  Edition.  In  10  volumes.  12mo,  cloth,  extra, 
per  vol.,  91.50. 

Vol.  I.  The  Man  Without  a  Country,  and  Other 
Stories. 

Vol.  II.    In  His  Name,  and  Christmas  Stories. 


LITTLE,  BROWN  &  CO.,  254  Washington  St.,  Boston. 


THE    DIAL 

c/7  SEMI-MONTHLY  JOURNAL  OF 

Iftterarjr  Critinsm,  gisrosfliotT,  attir  Jnfortirafion. 


FRANCIS  F.  BROWNE.  No.  315. 


EDITED  BY          )  Volume  XXVII.  A  Tir*     1     1  CQQ  -W  cfc.  a  copy.  |  FINE  ARTS  BUILDING 

i  AUVJ.    1,  Lo\J\f.  S2.ayear.     (        Rooms  610-630-631. 


What  Makes  a  Novel  Sell  ? 


NO  man  can  tell  beforehand,  though  many  can  give  reasons 
afterwards.  But  you  can  safely  say  that  if  in  its  pages  some 
true  picture  of  human  existence  is  faithfully  depicted,  and  if  the 
emotions  and  sentiments  included  in  the  particular  side  of  life 
treated  are  common  to  a  sufficiently  large  portion  of  the  reading 
public,  that  book  is  sure  to  be  in  demand.  There  are  seven  novels 
which,  though  recently  published,  are  all  meeting  with  such  a 
demand  at  this  moment,  because  each  tells  something  that  is  true 
to  life  and  tells  it  in  an  interesting  way.  "That  Fortune"  ($1.50), 
by  Charles  Dudley  Warner,  is  a  picture  of  the  New  York  society 
millionaire's  life;  "The  Awkward  Age"  ($1.50),  by  Henry  James, 
is  a  story  of  London  society  life;  "The  Open  Question"  ($1.50), 
by  Elizabeth  Robins,  asks,  Shall  relatives  marry  and  transmit  fam- 
ily inheritances?  "Cromwell's  Own"  ($1.50),  by  Arthur  Paterson, 
draws  a  stirring  picture  of  love  and  war  three  hundred  years  ago ; 
"When  the  Sleeper  Wakes"  ($1.50),  by  H.  G.  Wells/ draws  another 
picture,  quite  as  stirring,  of  love  and  war  two  hundred  years  hence ; 
"Ragged  Lady"  ($1.75),  by  William  Dean  Howells,  lays  before 
you  the  character  of  a  New  England  girl  under  varying  circum- 
stances; and  "The  Dreamers:  A  Club"  ($1.25),  by  John  Kendrick 
Bangs,  has  many  a  true  criticism  of  life  and  literature  under  its 
covering  of  pleasant  humor  that  has  no  sting.  Any  or  all  of  these 
books  are  to  be  had  of  booksellers,  or  direct  from  the  publishers 


Harper  &  Brothers,  Franklin  Square,  New  York  City 


62 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


Fall  Announcements  by 

THE  ROBERT^CLARKE  COMPANY 

EAST  TENNESSEE  AND  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

By  Hon.  OLIVER  P.  TEMPLE,  author  of  "  The  Covenanter,  the  Cavalier,  and  the  Puritan."     1  vol.,  8vo,  cloth. 

About  600  pages.     Net 83.50 

The  object  of  the  author  in  this  work  is  to  portray  the  history  of  the  determined  struggle  in  East  Tennessee 
for  the  preservation  of  the  Union,  and  to  set  forth  the  unyielding  constancy  and  the  heroic  sacrifices  of  the  Union 
people  in  its  behalf.  No  such  splendid  record  of  patriotic  devotion  can  be  found  in  our  National  annals.  The 
author  has  had  peculiar  opportunities  for  describing  the  thrilling  incidents  connected  with  the  war.  He  knew  all 
the  leading  men,  and  most  of  them  intimately.  A  native  of  East  Tennessee  himself,  he  is  familiar  with  all  the 
ways  and  habits  of  the  people  he  describes. 

THE  UNION  LEADERS  OF  EAST  TENNESSEE. 

By  Hon.  OLIVER  P.  TEMPLE,  author  of  "  East  Tennessee  and  the  Civil  War,"  "  The  Covenanter,  the  Cavalier, 

and  the  Puritan."  1  vol.,  8vo,  cloth.  About  600  pages.  Net $3.50 

The  object  of  this  history  is  the  portrayal  of  the  group  of  strong,  brave  men  who  appeared  in  1861  as  the 

leaders  of  the  people.     In  no  part  of  the  land  could  such  a  combination  of  dauntless  courage,  high  ability,  and 

iron  determination  have  been  found  as  within  this  small  region  of  country. 

A  REVIEW  OF  THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

Including  the  Changes  thereof,  made  by  Interpretation  and  by  Amendment  thereto.     By  Hon.  W.  G.  Bruin, 
of  the  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  Bar.     8vo,  cloth.     About  600  pages.     Net 82.00 

New  Publications  of  the 

THE  TRUE  HISTORY  OF  THE  MISSOURI 
COMPROMISE  AND  ITS  REPEAL. 

By  Mrs.  ARCHIBALD  Dixox.  8vo.  Over  600  pages, 
uniform  with  recent  editions  of  the  works  of  Jeffer- 
son, Hamilton,  etc $4.00 

The  writer's  purpose  is  to  set  forth  the  origin,  the  attendant 

circumstances,  and  the  consequences  of  a  measure  the  enact- 
ment of  which  proved  the  moat  momentous  and  far-reaching 

event  in  American  annals.  The  volume  comprises  more  than 

six  hundred  large  octavo  pages,  and  we  do  the  author  but 

justice  when  we  say  that  none  of  these  pages  could  be  spared. 

— New  York  Sun. 

This  volume  tells  the  story  of  a  great  epoch  and  epoch- 
maker  in  American  history.  It  appears  peculiarly  timely  jnat 

at  this  crisis  of  our  national  development.   Mrs.  Dixon'a  book 

will  appeal  to  the  student  of  history,  and  as  a  contribution  to 

the  literature  of  a  generation  before  the  war  will  find  place  in 

our  public  and  private  libraries.     As  a  depository  of  facts, 

passions,  and  sentiments  of  the  past,  and  a  vivid  reflection  of 

the  spirit  of  the  South  in  slavery  days,  it  will  be  an  invaluable 

record. — New  York  Times. 

"THE   BIVOUAC  OF  THE   DEAD," 
AND  ITS   AUTHOR. 

By  GEORGE  W.  RANCH.  1  vol.,  16mo,  cloth  extra,  $1.00 
"  On  Fame's  eternal  camping-ground 

Their  silent  tents  are  spread. 
And  Glory  guards  with  solemn  round 

The  bivouac  of  the  dead." 

The  whole  story  of  the  poem  is  given,  with  a  biography  of 
the  soldier-poet,  compiled  from  family  papers.  This  well- 
known  lyric  was  a  favorite  of  Grant,  Lee,  and  Gladstone,  and 
it  has  been  styled  "  th*  finest  martial  elegy  in  existence." 


Robert  Clarke  Company. 

CHARACTER,  NOT  CREEDS. 

Reflections  from  Hearth  and  Plow-beam.    By  DANIKI. 
F.  DE  WOLF,  A.M.,  Ph.D.   1  vol.,  12mo,  cloth,  $1.25 
The  purpose  of  the  work  is  to  emphasize  the  essential 
inter-dependence  of  the  race,  and  the  need  of  a  great  common 
purpose,  unhampered  by  sectarian  prejudice. 

"  America  belongs  to  her  young  men  and  women.  Its  rest- 
less spirit,  largely  aspiring,  often  surging  toward  dangerous 
social  theories,  demands  well-studied,  temperate  effort  to 
make  the  best  of  its  aspirations  and  to  avoid  its  dangers." 

INTRODUCTION    TO    THE    STUDY    OF    NORTH 

AMERICAN  ARCHEOLOGY. 
By  Prof.  CYRUS  THOMAS,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  American  Eth- 
nology. 108  illustrations.  8vo,  buckram  cloth,  82.00 
Professor  Thomas  has  in  this  convenient  and  attractive 
volume  presented  the  public  a  brief  rtsumt  of  the  progress 
which  has  been  made  up  to  the  present  time  in  the  investiga- 
tion and  study  of  North  American  archaeology.  No  one  could 
be  more  competent  for  such  an  undertaking.  Great  stores  of 
information  have  been  accumulated  during  recent  years,  and 
a  trustworthy  guide  to  their  results,  indicating  the  present 
state  of  knowledge  on  the  subject,  is  called  for.  Such  a  guide 
is  afforded  by  the  present  work,  which  supplies  a  real  want. 
— London  Athenaeum. 

THE   HISTORY  OF  ILLINOIS  AND  LOUISIANA 
UNDER  THE   FRENCH   RULE. 

Embracing  a  General  View  of  the  French  Dominion 
in  North  America,  with  Some  Account  of  the  English 
Occupation  of  Illinois.  By  JOSEI-H  WALLACE,  M.A. 
Second  Edition,  with  maps,  etc.  8vo,  cloth  .  $2.50 


NEW    EDITIONS   AND    RECENT   PUBLICATIONS. 


BENNER.    Prophecies.    Ups  and  Downs  in  Prices. 

Business  Forecast  for  1H99.  16mo,  cloth  .  .  .  $1.00 
OUTHRIE.  Modern  Poet  Prophets.  Second  Edition  1.50 
LLOYD.  Etidorpha ;  or.  The  End  of  Earth.  Ninth 

Edition.  Net 2.00 

CHITTENDEN.  The  Yellowstone  National  Park  .  1.60 


TEMPLE.  The  Covenanter,  the  Cavalier,  and  the 

Puritan $1.50 

BUCK.  Mystic  Masonry ;  or,  The  Symbols  of  Free- 
masonry   1.60 

GOSS.    The  Optimist.    A  Series  of  Essays  .    ...    1.25 

GOSS.    ••  The  Philopolist "  ;  or,  City  Lover.    Essays    1.00 


THE  ROBERT  CLARKE  COMPANY, 


-  31-35  E.  4th  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


MACMILLAN  COMPANY. 


JUST  BEADY. 

The  Government  of  Municipalities. 

The  Great  Municipal  Problems  Stated  and  Practical  Methods  Suggested  in  Aid  of  Their 
Solution.  By  the  Hon.  DORMAN  B.  EATON,  formerly  Commissioner  of  the  United  States 
Civil  Service. 

8vo,  Cloth.     Price,  $4.00  net. 

"Unquestionably  the  most  comprehensive  inquiry  into  the  evils  of  municipal  government  in  the  United 
States."— Philadelphia  Press. 

"  The  book  may  be  read  for  the  standing  of  the  writer,  the  originality  of  his  views,  the  clear  manner  in  which 
they  are  stated,  and  the  thoroughness  with  which  the  ground  is  covered." — Baltimore  Sun. 


EDUCATIONAL  AIMS  AND  EDUCATIONAL 
VALUES. 

By  PAUL  H.  HANUS,  Assistant  Professor  of  the  History 
and  Art  of  Teaching,  Harvard  University.     12mo, 
cloth;  price,  $1.00. 
A  series  of  Essays  on  Contemporary  Educational  Problems 

for  laymen  as  well  as  for  professional  students  and  teachers. 

THE  STUDY  OF  HISTORY  IN  SCHOOLS. 

Report  to  the  American  Historical  Association  by  the 
Committee  of  Seven,  ANDREW  C.  MCLAUGHLIN, 
Chairman;  HERBERT  B.  ADAMS,  CHARLES  H.  HAS- 
KINS,  GEORGE  L.  Fox,  LUCY  M.  SALMON,  ALBERT 
BUSHNELL  HART,  H.  MORSE  STEPHENS.  12mo, 
cloth;  price,  50  cts.  net. 
''  It  is  a  book  for  the  home  and  club  library  as  well  as  the 

professional  library." — The  Outlook. 

STATE  TRIALS-POLITICAL  AND  SOCIAL. 

Selected  and  Edited  by  H.  L.  STEPHEN.  Illustrated 
with  some  famous  portraits.  These  trials  embrace 
those  of  Raleigh,  Charles  I.,  Regicides,  Colonel 
Turner,  Suffolk  Witches,  Alice  Lisle,  Lord  Russell, 
Earl  of  Warwick,  Spencer  Cowper,  Goodere,  etc. 
2  vols.,  12mo,  cloth;  price,  $2.00  net. 

NATURALISM  AND  AGNOSTICISM. 

The  Gifford  Lectures  delivered  before  the  University 
of  Aberdeen  in  the  years  1896-1898.  By  JAMES 
WARD,  Sc.D.,  Hon.  LL.D.,  Edinburgh;  Professor  of 
Mental  Philosophy  and  Logic  in  the  University  of 
Cambridge.  In  2  vols.,  8vo,  cloth;  price,  $4.00  net. 


THE  PHYSICAL  NATURE  OF  THE  CHILD, 
AND  HOW  TO  STUDY  IT. 

By  STUART  H.  ROWE,  Ph.D.,  Supervising  Principal  of 
the  Lovell  District,  New  Haven,  Conn.;  formerly 
Professor  of  Pedagogy  and  Director  of  Practice  in 
the  State  Normal  School  at  Mankato,  Minn.  A  mas- 
terly study  of  the  child's  physical  basis  for  action. 
8vo,  cloth;  price,  $1.00. 

SOURCE  BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  HISTORY. 

Edited  for  Schools  and  Readers  by  ALBERT  BUSHNELL 
HART,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  History  in  Harvard  Uni- 
versity. With  Practical  Introductions.  Illustrated 
by  Facsimiles,  etc.  12mo,  cloth;  price,  60  cts.  net. 
"  It  is  an  ideal  school  book,  and  it  will  not  be  out  of  place 

in  the  library." — Boston  Saturday  Evening  Gazette. 

SIDE  LIGHTS  ON  AMERICAN  HISTORY. 

By  HENRY  W.  ELSON,  A.M.,  Lecturer  of  the  American 
Society  for  the  Extension  of  University  Teaching. 
16mo,  cloth;  price,  75  cts. 
"  This  splendid  work  will  address  itself  at  once  to  the  favor 

of  educators." — Atlanta  Constitution. 

THE   HISTORY  OF   SOUTH   CAROLINA 

UNDER  THE  ROYAL  GOVERNMENT, 

1719-1766. 

By  EDWARD  McCRADY,  a  Member  of  the  Bar  of 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  President  of  the  Historical 
Society  of  South  Carolina,  author  of  "  The  History  of 
South  Carolina  under  the  Proprietary  Government." 
Crown  8vo,  cloth;  price,  $3.50  net. 


THE  SEASON'S  BEST  FICTION. 

Eighth  Edition.  RICHARD    CARVEL.  50th  Thousand. 

By  WINSTON  CHURCHILL,  author  of  "The  Celebrity."     Price,  $1.50. 

*'  One  of  the  greatest  of  American  novels." 

THE  CUSTOM  OF  THE  COUNTRY,  TALES  OF  NEW  JAPAN. 

By  Mrs.  HUGH  FRASER,  author  of  "Letters  from  Japan,"  "  Palladia,"  etc.    Cloth.    Price,  $1.50. 


***  For  sale  by  all  Booksellers,  or  will  be  sent  postpaid,  upon  receipt  of  price,  by  the  Publishers, 

THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY,  66  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 


64  THE     DIAL  [Aug.  1,1899. 

Popular  Novels  and  Tales  of  the  Sea. 

SNOW  ON  THE   HEADLIGHT. 

A  Story  of  the  Great  Burlington  Strike.     By  CT  WARMAN,  author  of  "  The  Story  of  the  Railroad,"  etc.    1  -J mo. 

Cloth,  91.25. 

"An  interesting  story  cleverly  told.  .  .  .  Cy  Wurman  is  the  story-teller  of  railroading.  ...  All  sorts  of 
people  who  share  in  a  great  railroad  war  are  depicted  with  fidelity." — Chicago  Evening  Pott. 

A  DOUBLE  THREAD. 

By  ELLEN  THORNEYCROKT  FOWLER,  author  of  "  Concerning  Isabel  Carnaby,"  etc.     12mo.     Cloth,  81.50. 
"  Eren  more  gay,  clever,  and  bright  than  '  Concerning  Isabel  Carnaby.'  " — Bottom  Herald. 

A  DUET,  WITH  AN  OCCASIONAL  CHORUS. 

By  A.  (.'" N  \  .\   DOYLK,  author  of  "  Uncle  Bernac,"  "  Brigadier  Gerard,"  "  Rodney  Stone,"  etc.     Uniform  with 
other  books  by  Dr.  Doyle.     12mo.     Cloth,  $1.50. 
"  It  is  the  most  artistic  and  moat  original  thing  that  its  author  has  done."— Chicago  Timet-Herald. 

THE  MORMON   PROPHET. 

By  LILT  DOCGALL,  author  of  "The  Mermaid,"  "The  Madonna  of  a  Day,"  and  "The  Zeit-Geist."     12mo. 
Cloth,  91.50. 
"  Immensely  interesting  and  diverting,  and,  as  a  romance,  it  certainly  has  a  nniqne  power."— Botton  Herald. 

TWO  BOOKS  BY  FRANK  T.  BULLEN. 

Idylls  of  the  Sea.    12mo.    Cloth,  81.25.  The  Cruise  of  the  Cachalot.    Round  the  World 

'  'This  book  is  truly  fascinating  read  ing.  .  .  .  To  everything  after  Sperm   Whales.     Illustrated.     I'Jmo.     Cloth,  $1.60; 

Mr.  Bnllen  brings  enthusiasm,  a  passion  for  accuracy,  and 
the  good  writing  that  comes  of  knowledge  and  sincerity." — 
London  Academy. 

"  A  fresh  sea-breeze  blows  through  the  whole  book,  and 
entertainment  and  instruction  are  delightfully  blended." — 
The  Daily  Mail. 


paper,  25  cts.    In  "  Appletons'  Popular  Library." 
Mr.  RDDTARD  KIPLIKO  write*  the  author  : 

"  It  it  immense  —  there  U  no  other  word.  I  're  nerer  read  anything 
th»t  equal*  it  in  iU  deep-***  wonder  and  mystery,  nor  do  I  think  that 
any  book  before  hat  so  completely  corered  the  butiueu  of  whale-fishing, 
and  at  the  MUM  time  given  inch  real  and  new  tea  picture*.  I  congratu- 
late you  most  heartily.  It  'sanew  world  that  you  're  opened  the  door  to." 


STANDARD  NEW  BOOKS. 

THE  RACES  OF  EUROPE. 

A  SOCIOLOGICAL  STUDY.  By  WILLIAM  Z.  RIPLEY,  Ph.D.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Sociology,  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology;  Lecturer  in  Anthropology  at  Columbia  University,  in  the  city  of  New  York.  Crown 
8vo.  Cloth.  650  pages,  with  85  Maps  and  235  Portrait  Types.  With  a  Supplementary  Bibliography  of 
nearly  Two  Thousand  Titles,  separately  bound  in  cloth,  issued  by  the  Boston  Public  Library.  [178  pages.] 
Price,  86.00. 
' '  Will  recommend  itself  to  the  consideration  of  all  anthropologists.  .  .  .  This  comprehensive  investigation  of  Prof.  Ripley's 

is  enriched  by  a  great  number  of  photographs  of  portrait  types  from  the  most  important  parts  of  Europe,  shown  both  in  face 

and  profile." — OTTO  AMMON-KARLSKUHK,  in  Centralblatt  (  Berlin). 

IMPERIAL  DEMOCRACY. 

By  DAVID  STARR  JORDAN,  Ph.D.,  President  of  Leland  Stanford  Junior  University.     12mo.     Cloth,  81.50. 

"  Whoever  would  know  the  best  argument*  that  can  be  made  against  territorial  expansion  and  the  retention  of  the  Philip- 
pines should  read  '  Imperial  Democracy.'  " — Chicago  Evening  Pott. 

"Able,  reasoned  with  vigor,  fearlessly  presented." — Baltimore  Sun. 

ALASKA  AND  THE   KLONDIKE. 

A  Journey  to  the  New  Eldorado.     With  Hints  to  the  Traveller  and  Observations  on  the  Physical  History  and 
Geology  of  the  Gold  Regions,  the  Condition  of  and  Methods  of  Working  the  Klondike  Placers,  and  the  Laws 
Governing  and  Regulating  Mining  in  the  Northwest  Territory  of  Canada.    By  ANOF.LO  HEILPRIN,  Professor 
of  Geology  at  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society 
of  London,  Past-President  of  the  Geographical  Society  of  Philadelphia,  etc.     Fully  illustrated  from  Photo- 
graphs and  with  a  new  Map  of  the  Gold  Regions.     12mo.     Cloth,  81.75. 
"  A  book  everywhere  bearing  evidence  of  its  reliability." — Chicago  Inter  Ocean. 
"  For  the  first  time  the  new  gold  fields  of  the  north  have  been  dealt  with  by  a  scientific  man  capable  of  weighing  evidence." 

— Chicago  Evening  Pott.  

For  tale  by  all  Bookiellert,  or  tent  by  mail  on  receipt  of  price  by  the  Publithert, 

D.  APPLETON  &  COMPANY,  No.  72  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 


THE  DIAL 

Semisffilontfjlg  Journal  of  SLitcrarg  Criticism,  Discussion,  anfc  Information. 


No.  sis.          AUGUST  1,  1899.    Vol.  XXVII. 


CONTENTS. 


A  YEAR   OF  CONTINENTAL   LITERATURE,  I.    65 

COMMUNICATION 68 

The  Problem  of  Children's  Books.     Walter  Taylor 
Field. 

DANTON   AS   MAN    AND    LEADER.     Henry  E. 

Bourne 70 

LATE  BOOKS  ON  ALASKA.    H.  M.  Stanley     .    .    72 
Garland's  The  Trail  of  the  Goldseeker.  —  Heilprin's 
Alaska  and  the  Klondike.  —  Mrs.  Hitchcock's  Two 
Women  in  the  Klondike.  —  Bruce's  Alaska. 

RECENT  FICTION.  William  Morton  Payne  ...  73 
Mai  lock's  Tristram  Lacy.  —  Legge's  Mutineers. — 
Miss  Harraden's  The  Fowler. —  Mrs.  Dudeney's  The 
Maternity  of  Harriott  Wicken. —  Churchill's  Richard 
Carvel.  —  Paterson's  Cromwell's  Own.  —  Pier's  The 
Pedagogues.  —  Warner's  That  Fortune.  —  Kate 
Chopin's  The  Awakening.  —  Florence  Wilkinson's 
The  Lady  of  the  Flag-Flowers.  —  Yeats's  The  Heart 
of  Denise.  —  Risley's  Men's  Tragedies.  —  Capes's  At 
a  Winter's  Fire.  —  Watson's  The  Heart  of  Miranda. 
— Bret  Harte's  Stories  in  Light  and  Shadow. —  Fish's 
Short  Rations. —  Cable's  Strong  Hearts. —  Herrick's 
Love's  Dilemmas.  —  Mrs.  Harrison's  The  Carcellini 
Emerald. — Edith  Wharton's  The  Greater  Inclination. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 77 

The  best  sea-writer  since  Dana.  —  A  new  study  of 
Milton. —  A  modern  view  of  Adam  Smith. —  Spanish 
society  as  portrayed  in  Spanish  fiction.  —  A  helpful 
study  of  the  Renaissance.  —  Selections  from  the 
Thoughts  of  Joubert.  —  The  wife  of  John  Sobieska 
of  Poland.  —  A  modern  interpretation  of  Mysticism. 
—  An  amateur's  handbook  of  insects. —  Gambling  as 
a  folly  and  an  art.  —  A  belated  Epoch  of  Church 
History. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 80 

LITERARY  NOTES 80 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .    81 


A   YEAR    OF  CONTINENTAL 
LITERATURE. 


Following  our  midsummer  custom  of  several 
years  past,  we  have  prepared  a  summary  of  the 
reports,  published  in  the  London  "Athenaeum," 
upon  the  literary  output  of  the  past  year  in  the 
most  important  European  countries.  These 
reports  are  so  valuable  that  we  offer  no  apology 
for  making  this  condensation  for  the  benefit  of 
American  readers,  and  we  take  pleasure  in  once 
more  acknowledging  our  indebtedness  to  our 


English  contemporary  for  the  material  which  is 
here  reproduced.  Eleven  countries  are  included 
this  year,  there  being  no  reports  from  Bohemia, 
Greece,  and  Sweden.  We  follow  the  alpha- 
betical order,  and  include  in  this  issue  the  facts 
relating  to  Belgium,  Denmark,  France,  Ger- 
many, and  Holland.  The  authors  quoted  from 
are,  respectively,  Professor  Paul  Fredericq, 
Dr.  Alfred  Ipsen,  M.  Jules  Pravieux,  Herr 
Ernst  Heilborn,  and  Heer  H.  S.  M.  van  Wicke- 
voort  Crommelin. 

Belgium,  mourning  the  loss  of  Georges 
Rodenbach,  has  given  the  world  two  posthu- 
mous books  from  his  pen,  "  L'Arbre  "  and  "  Le 
Miroir  du  Ciel  Natal."  His  name  suggests 
that  of  M.  Maeterlinck,  whose  "  La  Sagesse  et 
la  Destinee  "  is  also  a  book  of  the  past  year. 
There  have  been  a  score  or  more  volumes  of 
verse,  among  them  two  by  M.  Etnile  Verhaeren. 
In  criticism,  there  is  M.  Fierens-Gevaert,  who 
has  "  set  himself  to  study  the  great  moral  and 
intellectual  currents  which  influence  literature 
at  the  end  of  our  century,"  and  has  published 
his  conclusions  under  the  title  of  "  La  Tristesse 
Contemporaine."  There  have  been  many  books 
of  political  and  social  science,  one  of  them  by 
M.  W.  J.  Kerby,  on  the  subject  of  "  Le  Social- 
isme  aux  Etats-Unis."  The  most  important 
historical  work  of  the  year  is  a  history  of  Bel- 
gium by  M.  Henri  Pirenne,  printed  in  German 
in  advance  of  its  appearance  in  French.  Congo 
literature  and  the  editing  of  many  original 
documents  are  two  departments  of  historical 
writing  both  of  which  are  well  represented.  It 
is  interesting  to  note  that  "  the  German  move- 
ment along  the  frontier  of  the  Rhine  provinces 
of  Prussia  and  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Luxem- 
bourg still  continues."  There  is  a  periodical 
called  "  Deutsch  Belgien,"  a  review  in  both 
Flemish  and  German,  called  "  Germania,"  and 
a  five-act  play,  "  Papst  und  Fiirst,"  by  M.  P. 
Bourg.  On  the  Flemish  side,  there  are  chron- 
icled several  collections  of  verse,  such  fiction  as 
the  "Lenteleven  "  of  M.  Stijn  Streuvels  and  the 
posthumous  stories  of  Mme.  Cogen,  and  such 
miscellaneous  volumes  as  M.  Buysse's  "Uit 
Vlaanderen  "  and  M.  Pol  de  Mont's  "  Inleiding 
tot  de  Poe'zie."  The  theatre  is  not  neglected, 
as  is  attested  by  the  Flemish  stages  of  Brussels 
and  Antwerp,  soon  to  be  followed  by  one  in 


66 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


Ghent,  but  good  Flemish  plays  to  produce  in 
these  theatres  are  still  to  seek. 

Denmark,  we  are  told,  "  is  by  preference  a 
lyrical  nation." 

"  Among  our  natural  gift*  are  humor,  a  strong  sense 
of  irony,  and  a  feeling  for  beauty  and  the  contrast  be- 
tween joy  and  melancholy.  Our  national  character  has 
often  by  our  writers  and  poets  been  compared  to  the 
sea,  the  ever-wandering,  ever-changing,  and  it  is  re- 
flected, as  in  a  mirror,  in  our  literary  perfections  and 
shortcomings,  the  glory  of  our  literature  being  good, 
melodious  verse,  now  heavy  with  melancholy,  now  care- 
less and  unconcerned." 

The  past  year  has  produced  "  a  rich  crop  of 
poetry,"  of  which  the  most  conspicuous  exam- 
ples are  Herr  Rordam's  retelling  of  the  Beo- 
wulf story,  the  "  Sirener  "  of  Herr  Michaelis, 
the  "  Portraits  in  Verse  "  of  Herr  Schandorph, 
and  the  "  Digte  "  of  Herr  Jorgensen,  «» most 
wonderful  in  his  particular  style  of  august 
serenity."  As  for  fiction,  the  writer  feels  that 
in  the  best  Danish  work,  if  not  so  striking  as 
the  Norwegian,  "there  is  something  untrans- 
latable, something  that  will  scarcely  be  felt  and 
understood  outside  the  borders  of  our  small 
kingdom."  The  fiction  particularly  mentioned 
in  this  survey  includes  "  A  Recruit  of  '64,"  by 
Herr  P.  F.  Rist ;  "  Donna  Ysabel,"  a  tale  of 
the  Peninsular  War,  by  Fru  Mailing;  and 
••  Danske  Maend,"  a  study  of  low  life  in  Copen- 
hagen, by  Herr  K.  Larsen.  The  tendency,  in 
spite  of  such  works  as  the  one  last  named, 
seems  to  be  away  from  the  bare  realism  of  a 
few  years  ago,  a  fact  which  our  writer  rather 
regrets.  The  chief  Danish  writer  of  to-day  is 
the  critic,  Dr.  Georg  Brandes,  a  complete  uni- 
form edition  of  whose  works  is  now  in  course  of 
publication.  Dr.  Brandes  has  written  a  biog- 
raphy of  Dr.  Julius  Lange,  the  late  critic  of 
art,  and  a  pamphlet  on  "  The  Danishness  of 
Sleswick."  The  latter  work  is 

"  An  address  to  Germany,  in  which  the  author  reproaches 
the  Germans  for  their  system  of  oppression  and  acts  of 
violence  against  the  Danish  in  the  conquered  province, 
and  compares  German  culture  with  Danish,  not  exactly 
to  the  credit  of  the  former,  showing  how  much  the  Ger- 
mans lack  in  different  fields  of  spiritual  culture,  and 
how  little,  with  their  knowledge  of  history,  they  finder- 
stand  their  opponents." 

Finally,  Herr  Vilhelm  Andersen  has  finished 
the  first  volume  of  a  great  critical  and  bio- 
graphical study  of  CEhlenschlager. 

"A  certain  case"  has  so  monopolized  the 
attention  of  the  French  poeple  during  the  past 
year  that  literature  "  has  had  to  give  place  to 
the  excited  manifestations  of  daily  polemic." 

"  Artists  and  thinkers  have  been  living  in  an  atmos- 
phere of  contention.  Who,  then,  could  boast  of  retain- 


ing his  calmness  in  the  thick  of  a  battle  ?  A  glance  at 
some  recent  publications,  such  as  M.  France's  '  L'An- 
neau  d'Ame'thyste,'  for  instance,  will  prove  that  the 
idealists  most  famous  for  the  dile(tant<rcb&rncler  of  their 
convictions  have  not  escaped  the  influence  of  their  en- 
vironment. Writers  who,  if  their  past  record  means 
anything,  seemed  destined  to  seek  nothing  in  life  but 
new  expressions  of  beauty,  have  shown  their  talents  on 
a  most  unexpected  side;  they  have  revealed  themselves 
to  be  brilliant  and  aggressive  controversialists." 

The  playwrights  are  the  first  to  be  noticed 
among  the  literary  workers  of  the  year.  The 
most  noteworthy  dramas  have  been  the  "  Nou- 
velle  Idole  "  of  M.  Curel,  the  "  Berceau  "  of 
M.  Brieux,  the  "  Vieux  Marcheur  "  of  M.  La- 
vedan,  the  "  Plus  que  Reine  "  of  M.  Bergerat, 
the  "  Judith  Renaudin  "  of  "  Pierre  Loti,"  the 
"  Struense'e  "  of  M.  Paul  Meurice,  and  the 
"  Truands  "  of  M.  Jean  Richepin.  Of  these, 
perhaps  the  most  significant  are  the  pieces  of 
MM.  Brieux  and  Meurice.  The  latter,  which 
is  in  verse,  "  represents  a  return  to  the  romantic 
manner  of  which  Victor  Hugo  was  the  chief 
master.  The  best  praise  one  can  accord  to 
4  Struensee '  is  to  say  that  the  writer  has  dis- 
played in  it  some  of  Victor  Hugo's  lyric  ardor." 
Of  the  play  by  M.  Brieux,  we  are  given  the 
following  interesting  comment : 

44  He  demands  praise  by  his  obstinate  departure  from 
beaten  paths,  his  disdain  of  methods  and  recipes  for 
winning  the  favor  of  the  general  public.  All  his  pieces 
reveal  an  intention,  an  idea,  a  thesis.  And  in  this  con- 
nection the  evolution  our  theatre  is  undergoing  may 
well  be  stated.  For  a  long  while  love  was  the  sole 
thing  our  theatre  lived  on.  No  good  pieces  some  years 
ago  could  do  without  an  adulterer.  Times  have  changed. 
Authors  seem  to  be  abandoning  increasingly  the  formula 
of  « art  for  art's  sake.'  They  wish  to  speak  to  the  public, 
attack  the  follies  of  the  age,  lash  the  vices  of  certain 
social  classes.  It  seems  as  if  there  was  a  tendency 
clearly  defined  towards  the  drama  of  ideas.  This  evo- 
lution of  drama  is  very  palpable  in  the  pieces  of  M. 
Brieux.  In  •  Le  Berceau '  his  aim  is  to  display  the 
inconveniences  of  divorce.  It  is  more  like  a  disserta- 
tion than  a  play." 

The  novel,  also,  has  undergone  an  evolution 
not  unlike  that  of  the  play.  "  The  novelists 
have  given  up  studying  love  only.  They  have 
set  themselves  free  from  the  obsession  of  the 
Seventh  Commandment."  In  this  connection 
we  will  call  attention  to  Mme.  Darmesteter's 
discussion  of  the  subject  in  the  June  "  Con- 
temporary Review."  The  most  important 
novels  of  the  year  are  "  La  Duchesse  Bleue,"  by 
M.  Bourget ;  "  La  Force,"  by  M.  Paul  Adam  ; 
"L' Anneau  d'Ame'thyste,"  by  M.  France ; "  Les 
Morts  Qui  Parlent,"  by  M.  de  Vogue ;  "  La 
Terre  Qui  Meurt,"  by  M.  Rene*  Bazin  ;  "  Le 
Ferment,"  by  M.  Estaunie* ;  "L'Arae  d'un 
Enfant,"  by  M.  Jean  Aicard  ;  and  "  Devant  le 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


67 


Bonheur,"  by  M.  Jean  Thorel.  Of  M.  de 
Vogue's  book  we  read  that  the  author 
"  Is  not  afraid  to  approach  serious  social  problems  which 
agitate  minds  of  to-day.  He  introduces  us  to  the  Palais 
Bourbon,  which  he  frequented  as  a  deputy  during  one 
« legislature.'  He  has  brought  away  melancholy  reflec- 
tions. Still,  it  appears  that  he  does  not  regret  his  excur- 
sion into  the  world  of  politics,  since  he  returns  to  it  with 
a  book  like  '  Les  Morts  Qui  Parlent.'  In  this  new  novel, 
which  contains  a  delicate  love  interest  closely  welded 
with  political  intrigue,  M.  de  Vogiie'  shows  once  more 
his  mastery,  his  unsurpassable  talent  for  writing.  Here 
is  to  be  found  the  richness  of  style  in  which  splendid 
images  enchant  you,  enlivened  by  a  breath  of  strong 
eloquence  which  bears  up  the  ideas  bravely.  It  is  the 
book  of  a  poet,  an  artist,  an  original  and  deep  thinker. 
Politics,  too,  are  touched  on  in  '  L'Anneau  d'Ame'thyste,' 
the  third  volume  of  the  series  which  M.  France  has 
called  '  Histoire  Contemporaine,'  which  is  a  mordant 
satire  on  our  faults  and  vices.  The  best  thing  in  the 
book,  the  quite  first-rate  part,  is  contained  in  the  comic 
scenes.  M.  France  is  an  admirable  writer  of  comedy. 
In  his  latest  novel  he  shows  himself  a  little  more  bitter 
and  pessimistic  than  usual;  but  to  set  against  this  he 
presents  readers  with  a  sympathetic  being,  and  that  is  a 
happy  novelty ! " 

M.  Estaunie's  "  Le  Ferment " 
"  Might  be  called  a  social  novel.  By  « ferment '  he 
means  the  restless,  ardent  intelligence  of  sons  of  work- 
men and  peasants  who  have  been  taught  too  much,  and 
had  longings  and  desires  unknown  to  their  fathers  de- 
veloped in  them.  M.  Kstaunid  studies  the  social  crisis. 
He  uses  his  realistic  talent  with  moderation  in  order  to 
display  the  debasement  of  those  who  are  mixed  up  in 
the  desperate  struggle  of  ambitions  and  appetites." 

The  French  poets  have  not  been  idle,  although 
nothing  very  noteworthy  has  been  done  by  them. 
Mention  is  made  of  "  La  Chanson  de  la  Bre- 
tagne,"  by  M.  A.  Le  Braz ;  of  "  Les  Poemes 
de  1' Amour  et  la  Mort,"  by  M.  Lebey  ;  of  "La 
Chanson  des  Hommes,"  by  M.  Maurice  Magre  ; 
of  "  Artiste  et  Poete,"  by  M.  Jean  Bach-Sisley  ; 
of  "  L'Ideale  Jeunesse,"  by  M.  Montier  ;  and  of 
"  Paysages  et  Paysans,"  by  M.  Maurice  Rol- 
linat,  who  "  has  been  styled  the  pupil  of  George 
Sand  and  Edgar  Poe."  There  has  also  been 
published  "  Les  Annees  Funestes,"  a  posthu- 
mous volume  by  Hugo.  In  literary  history  and 
criticism  there  are  such  books  as  the  new  series 
of  "  Impressions  de  Theatre,"  by  M.  Jules 
Lemaitre  ;  the  "  Racine,"  by  M.  Larroumet ; 
the  "  Essai  sur  Goethe,"  by  M.  Edouard  Rod  ; 
and  the  "  De  Dumas  a  Rostand,"  by  M.  Au- 
guste  Filon.  In  the  domain  of  a  stricter  scholar- 
ship, there  are  M.  Masson's  "Josephine  de 
Beauharnais,"  M.  Houssaye's  "  Waterloo,"  M. 
Demolins's  "  Les  Franc,ais  d'Aujourd'hui," 
and  "  L'Education  Nouvelle,"  M.  Fouillee's 
"Les  Etudes  Classiques  et  la  Democratic," 
and  M.  Laffite's  "  Le  Faust  de  Goethe."  A 
book  not  easily  classified,  but  which  must  be 


mentioned,  is  M.  Coppee's  "  La  Bonne  Souf- 
france,"  in  which  the  author,  "  in  a  familiar 
and  often  eloquent  style,  tells  the  occasion  and 
influences  which  resulted  in  his  return  to  the 
Faith."  Concluding  his  review,  the  writer  says : 

"  In  France  there  are  no  longer  literary  schools,  though 
it  is  easy  to  recognize  c  tendencies.'  It  would  be  a  para- 
doxical and  most  unjust  thing  to  say  that  all  the  literary 
schools  which  have  come  forth  and  had  their  day  of 
glory  in  our  times  have  gone  bankrupt.  They  have 
undergone  the  law  of  evolution;  they  have  disappeared 
in  obedience  to  the  manifestations  of  a  new  code  of  lit- 
erary aesthetics,  or,  in  plain  terms,  because  the  public 
have  gone  after  new  gods.  Certainly  M.  Zola,  the  head 
of  the  realistic  school,  and  M.  Bourget,  the  undisputed 
master  of  the  psychological  novel,  have  not  stopped 
writing  (and  of  that  we  are  very  glad) ;  but  who  of  the 
young  novelists  makes  their  methods  his  model  ?  There 
are  no  more  schools  because  no  more  masters  are  wanted 
in  literature.  The  first  act  of  a  writer  born  into  the 
literary  world  is  to  declare  his  independence,  and  assert, 
as  best  he  can,  his  autonomy.  In  the  novel,  in  poetry, 
history,  philosophy,  criticism,  isolation  is  the  thing,  and 
everyone  is  at  least  an  individualist." 

The  past  year  in  Germany  witnessed  the 
death  of  Bismarck,  and  gave  us  his  memoirs, 
"  Bismarck,  the  Man  and  Statesman." 

"  His  monument  is  composed  of  no  perishable  mate- 
rial, and  its  construction  reveals  his  individuality,  even 
in  the  smallest  details.  Everything  in  this  book  is  per- 
sonal. The  five-and-twenty  years  and  more  of  German 
and  other  than  German  history  became  a  mirror  of  his 
personality.  Actions  and  men  appear  as  he  saw  them, 
and  he  allows  them  to  be  rated  at  no  other  value.  .  .  . 
He  disliked  fine  phrases,  and  the  result  was  a  feeling  of 
distrust  for  mere  phrase-making  in  literature.  His 
politics  were  concerned  with  actualities;  literature,  too, 
was  reared  on  a  basis  of  fact.  Fidelity  to  nature  be- 
came the  catchword.  Active,  unsentimental  characters 
rose  in  general  esteem;  the  sentimental  went  out  of 
favor.  And  as  so  often  happens,  in  the  attempt  to  root 
out  the  weeds  the  flowers  too  suffered.  Not  only  senti- 
mentality, but  also  noble  and  right  feeling,  or  at  any 
rate  its  expression,  was  tabooed.  The  young  literature 
of  the  eighties  made  no  mention  of  feeling.  It  expresses 
a  skepticism  which,  however,  yielded  humbly  before  the 
advent  of  reality,  one  in  which  the  peculiarity  of  Bis- 
marck's personality  had  its  full  share." 

The  death  of  Theodor  Fontane  also  serves  to 
mark  the  past  year. 

"  He  lived  just  long  enough  to  write  a  charming  little 
ode  on  the  statesman's  death,  then  he  too  passed  away. 
Only  a  few  weeks  before  his  death  his  autobiographical 
sketches  '  Von  Zwanzig  bis  Dreissig '  appeared.  Before 
his  last  novel '  Der  Stechlin '  left  the  press  we  had  stood 
beside  his  grave.  It  is  impossible  to  make  those  of 
another  nation  understand  what  Fontane  was  and  still  is 
to  us.  He  was  distinctly  a  North  German,  Prussian,  even 
Brandenburg  writer,  and  even  in  Vienna  he  attracted 
little  notice.  But  we  loved  him,  and  named  him  the 
best  among  us.  He  depicted  the  men  whom  we  know 
as  we  see  or  should  wish  to  see  them.  He  was  a  distinct 
realist,  but  his  realism  had  a  subjective  character." 

The  most  important  works  of  pure  literature 


68 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


have  been  two  plays  —  Herr  Hauptmann's 
"Fuhrmann  Henschel"  and  Herr  Sudermann's 
**  Die  Drei  Reiherfedern."  The  former  is  thus 
described : 

"  Henschel's  wife  when  dying  forces  him  to  promise 
that  after  her  death  he  will  not  marry  the  girl  who  U  at 
this  time  in  their  service.  He  promises,  and  his  wife 
dies.  But  his  household  cannot  get  on  without  a  woman, 
the  child  needs  a  mother,  and  he  marries  the  servant 
after  all.  Then  she  deceives  him,  makes  his  life  a  bur- 
den, and  stirs  up  strife  between  her  husband  and  his 
friends  and  neighbors.  One  day  at  the  inn  he  has  a 
quarrel  with  his  brother-in-law,  who  tells  him  the  truth 
about  his  wife.  He  demands  proofs  and  sends  for  his 
wife,  and  she  can  find  no  defence.  Then  the  truth 
flashes  on  him — either  he  or  bis  wife  must  die.  So  he 
goes  away  and  hangs  himself." 

As  Herr  Sudermann's  first  novel  was  called 
**  Frau  Sorge,"  his  latest  play  might  well  be 
styled  "  Frau  Sehnsucht." 

•  •  It  leads  Sudermann  back  to  the  moods  of  his  youth, 
and  restores  the  elements  of  lyric  feeling  and  person- 
ality which  were  so  regrettably  wanting  in  his  recent 
successful  plays.  All  the  same,  the  new  play  is  a 
failure;  it  lacks  clearness,  and  with  it  scenic  effective- 
ness and  human  interest.  But  the  element  of  longing 
has  been  fathomed  to  its  depths.  It  is  this  unending 
desire  that  drives  the  young  Northern  hero  Prince 
Witte  ceaselessly  about  the  world;  it  is  the  eternal 
tragedy  of  the  delusion  of  desire  that  prevents  him, 
when  once  he  has  attained  the  idol  of  his  longings,  from 
recognizing  his  dream,  and  he  casts  it  from  him  to  pur- 
sue the  phantom  once  more. 

Other  plays  are  "  Die  Gefahrtin  "  and  "  Das 
Gemachtniss,"  both  by  Herr  Arthur  Schnitz- 
ler ;  "  Die  Hoohzeit  der  Sobeide,"  by  Herr 
Hugo  von  Hof  mannsthal ;  "  Herostrat,"  by 
Herr  Ludwig  Fulda  ;  "  Die  Heimathslosen," 
by  Herr  Max  Halbe ;  and  "  Gewitternacht," 
a  patriotic  tragedy  of  the  Silesian  wars,  by 
Herr  Ernst  von  Wildenbruch.  In  poetry, 
there  are  three  small  volumes  by  Herr  Stefan 
George,  who  is  compared  with  Rossetti.  In 
fiction,  a  new  volume  of  stories  by  Herr  Paul 
Heyse  is  called  "Der  Sohn  Seines  Vaters." 
Other  fiction  includes  two  volumes  of  stories 
by  Frau  Lou  Andreas-Salome',  Herr  Raabe's 
"  Hastenbeck,"  a  story  of  the  Seven  Years' 
War,  Herr  Wilbrandt's  "Vater  Robinson," 
Fraulien  Bohlau's  ••  Halbtier,"  Fraulein  Fra- 
pan's  "Wir  Haben  Kein  Vaterland,"  Herr 
Lindau's  "Agent,"  and  Herr  Spielhageu's 
••  Urn-ill ."  Finally,  a  book  of  the  deepest 
interest  is  Frau  von  Meysenbug's  "  Lebensa- 
bend  einer  Idealistin." 

"Malvida  von  Meysenbug,  the  friend  of  Richard 
Wagner,  Nietzsche,  and  Mazzini,  was  also  an  advanced 
woman.  This  noble  lady,  who  freed  herself  from  the 
narrow  conditions  of  her  home,  and  lived  in  London 
among  the  political  exiles,  helping  on  their  schemes, 
also  turned  her  thoughts  to  female  education,  and  never 


shrank  from  entering  the  lists  for  her  ideas.  But  this 
1  Lebensabeud,'  the  sequel  to  the  •  Meinoiren  eiuer  Ideal- 
istin," is  a  book  of  peace.  She  presents  charming  pic- 
tures of  her  intercourse  with  Wagner  and  Nietzsche, 
Mazzini  and  Liszt;  but  what  is  specially  charming  abuut 
this  book,  in  spite  of  its  somewhat  highflown  manner,  is 
the  evidence  that  she  has  attained  contentment  and 
inward  freedom  in  herself." 

In  the  report  upon  Dutch  literature,  the  first 
place  is  given  to  Heer  Paap's  anti-Semitic 
novel,  "Vincent  Haman,"  which  is  "  a  violent 
attack  on  the  leaders  of  modern  literature." 
There  is  not  much  good  original  work  to  men- 
tion. Volumes  of  verse  are  Dr.  van  Eeden's 
"Enkele  Verzen,"  Helene  Lapidoth-Swarth's 
"  Stille  Dalen,"  Heer  Albert  Verwey's  "  De 
Nieuwe  Tuin,"  Mr.  G.  C.  van  't  Hoog's  "  Ge- 
luk,"  and  Miss  Reyneke  van  Stuwe's  "  Impres- 
sies."  The  stage  has  witnessed  two  important 
productions — Breero's  "Spaansche  Brabanter" 
and  Mr.  H.  Heyermans's  "  Ghetto." 

"  From  poetry  to  prose  Dr.  van  den  Bergh  van  Eys- 
inga  has  built  a  golden  bridge  with  bis  '  Boek  van 
Toevertrouwen,'  an  elaborate  specimen  of  lyric  prose, 
the  work  of  a  clergyman  under  strong  Biblical  infiuence. 
It  breathes  soothing  confidence  and  hope,  real  faith  and 
firm  conviction." 

The  most  erudite  and  entertaining  book  of  the 
year  is  Professor  van  Hamel's  "  Letterkundig 
Leven  van  Frankrijk."  Professor  P.  L.  Mul- 
ler's  "  great  popular  history,  *  Onze  Gouden 
Eeuw,'  describing  the  rise,  growth,  and  the 
beginning  of  decay  of  Holland  at  her  best,  is 
now  completed.  The  last  volume,  which  deals 
with  the  government,  life,  religion,  and  morals 
of  our  ancestors,  is  perhaps  the  most  interest- 
ing of  the  three."  Last  of  all,  we  mention 
two  essays  in  ecclesiastical  history,  "  Rome  en 
de  Geschiedenis  "  and  "  Petrns  en  Rome,"  both 
by  Professor  Bolland  of  Leyden,  which  have 
given  rise  to  a  violent  controversy  between  the 
conservative  and  advanced  schools  of  religious 
thought. 


COMMUNICA  TION. 

THE  PROBLEM  OP  CHILDREN'S  BOOKS. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THK  DIAL.) 

Your  recent  suggestive  article  upon  Boys  and  (iirls 
and  Books,  referring  to  the  differences  in  the  literary 
tastes  of  high-school  pupils,  leads  one  to  inquire  whether 
these  differences  are  not  due  in  a  greater  measure  to  the 
pupil's  earlier  training  than  to  his  native  bias. 

The  mind  of  a  child  is  formed  as  his  muscles  are 
formed  —  by  food  and  exercise;  and  his  earliest  mental 
pabulum  is  supplied  by  the  jingles  of  the  nursery,  and 
by  the  classic  tales  which  are  selected,  it  is  to  be  hoped, 
by  a  judicious  mother.  At  this  age  he  becomes  acquainted 
with  Mother  Goose,  and  there  is  nothing  better  for  him, 
provided  always  it  is  the  real  simon-pure  Mother  Goose, 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


69 


and  not  the  miscellaneous  stuff  which  masquerades  in 
cheap  editions  under  that  name.  The  parent  must  not 
think  that  any  story  which  will  amuse  a  child  is  useful. 
The  individual  taste  has  not  at  this  period  of  develop- 
ment become  pronounced;  the  child  will  accept  any- 
thing eagerly;  a  story  is  a  story.  But  the  influence  of 
the  stories  which  are  told  him  is  deep  and  lasting.  If 
he  is  fed  upon  tales  of  ogres  and  giants  who  eat  up  little 
boys,  a  taste  is  formed  which  will  continue  to  demand 
extravagant  and  blood-curdling  fiction.  Jack  the  Giant 
Killer  is  the  logical  antecedent  of  Jack  the  Indian  Killer 
and  Jack  the  Ripper,  which  our  children  see  a  little 
later  upon  the  news-stands, —  more 's  the  pity.  We 
sometimes  ask  why  these  outrageous  yellow-covered 
tales  are  written;  but  the  explanation  is  quite  easy. 
There  is  a  demand  for  them;  and  we  should  see  to  it 
that  the  demand  is  not  fostered  by  the  tales  which  our 
children  hear  from  their  nurses  in  the  days  before  the 
little  ones  can  read  for  themselves. 

The  next  important  step  in  the  formation  of  the  child's 
taste  is  taken  when  he  finds  out  the  meaning  of  the 
printed  word  and  wanders  away  from  his  school  reader 
to  test  for  himself  his  newly  acquired  powers.  This  is 
the  point  at  which  the  child  particularly  needs  help. 
Doubtless  some  latitude  should  be  allowed  to  him  in  the 
selection  of  his  reading  matter.  If  he  himself  chooses 
one  from  a  half-dozen  books,  all  of  which  are  equally 
good,  the  chances  are  that  he  will  better  enjoy  the  read- 
ing of  it  and  will  get  more  real  good  from  it  than  if  it 
were  presented  to  him  alone  as  something  to  be  read 
because  of  the  good  it  would  do  him.  Do  not  make  his 
reading  a  duty,  but  let  it  be  a  privilege  and  a  pleasure. 
He  may  prefer  Robinson  Crusoe  to  Pilgrim's  Progress, 
and  if  he  does  he  should  be  allowed  to  read  it.  But 
beware  how  widely  his  choice  is  allowed  to  extend. 
Fruits  are  good  for  children,  —  but  there  are  unripe 
fruits  and  there  are  partly  decayed  fruits  which  are  not 
good.  The  average  parent  will  be  quite  careful  as  to 
what  his  children  are  putting  into  their  stomachs,  but  is 
apt  to  be  equally  careless  as  to  their  mental  fare. 

The  boy-baudit,  wild-west,  sensational  stories  of  the 
news-stands,  to  which  reference  has  already  been  made, 
are  not,  after  all,  the  most  dangerous  species  of  chil- 
dren's literature.  They  are  so  glaringly  bad  that  par- 
ents instinctively  scent  their  presence  and  banish  them 
from  the  household.  Their  influence  is  happily  becom- 
ing limited  to  those  homes  in  which  the  parents  them- 
selves are  not  above  the  moral  standard  of  the  tales, — 
and  in  such  homes  there  is  little  chance  for  the  growth 
of  a  pure  literary  taste  or  a  high  moral  character.  It 
will  be  observed  that  the  influence  of  all  literature  is 
felt  along  these  two  lines,  the  jesthetic  and  the  moral: 
that  which  affects  the  taste  and  that  which  affects  the 
character.  While  these  remarks  apply  chiefly  to  the 
aesthetic  influence,  the  two  are  so  blended  that  it  be- 
comes quite  impossible  to  avoid  reference  to  the  moral 
influence  as  well.  That  which  we  love,  we  are. 

The  most  dangerous  class  of  children's  literature  is 
that  in  which  sensationalism  is  respectably  clothed. 
There  are  stories  quite  as  bad  in  their  influence  as  the 
border-ruffian  type,  but  more  refined  in  their  setting. 
The  boys  and  girls  move  in  good  society,  but  they  are 
always  getting  into  the  most  impossible  situations  and 
having  the  most  startling  adventures,  —  hair-breadth 
escapes,  encounters  with  burglars,  and  all  that  sort  of 
thing.  These  stories  appear  in  reputable  children's 
magazines,  and  are  interspersed  with  items  of  useful 
information  —  science,  history,  and  biography.  The 


story  is  inserted  to  make  the  magazine  popular;  and  it 
answers  its  purpose.  In  the  family  of  my  friend  A, 
three  well-known  children's  periodicals  are  taken  and 
read.  Several  days  before  the  time  for  the  appearance 
of  each  issue,  the  children  are  in  a  fever  of  excitement; 
and  when  the  paper  at  last  appears,  everything  is  dropped 
until  the  fate  of  the  hero  of  the  continued  story  is  ascer- 
tained. In  this  family  there  is  no  library  worthy  of  the 
name.  The  periodicals  already  referred  to  supply  all  the 
reading  matter  for  which  the  children  care,  or  for  which 
they  have  time  after  their  school  duties  are  fulfilled. 

But  while  this  sugar-coated  sensationalism  is  bad, 
there  is  another  class  of  children's  literature  which  is 
quite  as  objectionable.  I  refer  to  the  sentimental  stuff 
which  is  written  in  the  name  of  religion  and  morality, 
but  which  is  effective  only  in  vitiating  the  taste,  weak- 
ening the  intellect,  and  giving  false  views  of  life.  It 
appears  notably  in  the  "  children's  column  "  of  certain 
religious  papers,  and  in  books  intended  for  Sunday- 
school  consumption, —  which,  happily,  the  best  Sunday- 
schools  have  long  ago  repudiated  and  cast  out. 

It  is  one  of  the  most  significant  facts  of  modern  life, 
that  a  surfeit  of  periodical  literature,  both  juvenile  and 
adult,  is  operating  against  the  reading  of  books  and 
the  formation  of  libraries.  The  magazine  has  its  place, 
but  it  also  has  its  limitations;  and  we  should  lead  our 
children  to  understand  that,  after  all,  the  vital  and  per- 
manent literature  is  that  preserved  for  them  in  good 
books.  Let  every  child  have  his  little  book-case  in  the 
nursery, —  or,  better  yet,  a  shelf  in  the  library  which  he 
may  call  his  own.  Let  him  be  encouraged  to  read  good 
books  and  to  care  for  them.  He  will  then  come  to  feel 
the  friendship  with  them  which  is  the  greatest  joy  of  the 
literary  life.  A  good  book  presented  to  a  child  on  each 
succeeding  birthday  —  a  book  chosen  wisely  with  respect 
to  the  child's  tastes  and  abilities,  but  of  sterling  worth 
—  will  soon  put  him  in  possession  of  a  library  which  will 
be  a  lasting  source  of  strength  and  satisfaction.  It  is 
a  mistake  to  think  that  the  child  must  be  continually 
supplied  with  fresh  reading  matter, —  that  a  book  once 
read  is  finished.  Indeed,  the  strong  intellects  of  the 
last  century  are  those  which  have  been  nourished  in 
childhood  upon  a  few  good  books,  —  read  and  re-read 
until  the  thought  and  style  became  a  part  of  the  read- 
er's permanent  possession.  Nor  does  a  child  lose  interest 
in  a  good  book  after  a  single  reading.  What  boy  ever 
tired  of  Gulliver's  Travels  ? 

Such  books  as  those  of  Kingsley,  Church,  and  Jane 
Andrews,  Lamb's  Tales  from  Shakespeare  and  Adven- 
tures of  Ulysses,  the  fairy  tales  of  Andersen  and 
Grimm,  .<Esop's  Fables,  Robinson  Crusoe  and  the  Swiss 
Family  Robinson,  Pilgrim's  Progress,  Franklin's  Auto- 
biography, Tom  Brown  at  Rugby,  and  the  stories  of 
Scott  and  Dickens, —  all  these  are  genuine  classics,  and 
they  never  grow  old.  Then  there  is  a  multitude  of  new 
books  written  for  children  by  men  and  women  who  love 
and  understand  the  needs  of  child-life.  Never  was 
there  a  wider  range  of  selection,  and  never  a  time  when 
the  possession  of  children's  libraries  was  so  inexcusable. 

While  nothing  can  quite  take  the  place  of  the  library 
in  the  home,  the  best  substitute  for  it  is  the  library  in 
the  school.  Educational  sentiment  is  alert  upon  this 
subject,  and  the  growth  of  school  libraries  during  the 
past  decade  is  a  hopeful  sign,  not  only  of  a  healthier 
literary  taste,  but  of  a  sounder  morality  in  the  men  and 
women  of  the  next  generation. 

WALTER  TAYLOR  FIELD. 

Chicago,  July  20,  1899. 


70 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


goohs. 


DANTON  AS  MAN  AND  LEADER.* 

A  writer  of  biography  is  fortunate  if  his  hero 
lived  in  a  period  of  tragic  events,  when  the 
problem  of  public  conduct  was  complex  and 
baffling  ;  for  it  is  singularly  interesting  to  study 
the  behavior  of  character  subjected  to  extraor- 
dinary strain.  The  men  of  the  French  Revolu- 
tion certainly  fell  upon  such  times.  It  was  not 
theirs  simply  to  fight  for  recognized  liberties 
against  an  encroaching  government,  as  the 
English,  and  more  recently  the  Americans, 
had  fought  before.  When  these  Frenchmen 
attempted  the  task,  the  very  foundations  of 
society  crumbled  beneath  their  feet,  and  while 
they  looked  about  for  a  footing  they  saw  all 
Europe  advancing  in  arms  toward  their  fron- 
tiers. Beset  by  fears,  jealousies,  and  hatreds, 
they  were  driven  to  form  opinions  while  stand- 
ards of  judgment  were  changing ;  they  must 
act,  though  the  objects  which  France  sought 
to-day  might  be  abandoned  tomorrow. 

To  change  the  direction  of  the  thought  —  if 
one  would  penetrate  the  secret  of  the  Revolu- 
tion the  surest  path  is  along  the  line  of  just 
such  individual  experience,  following  ade- 
quately tested  men  into  the  "  welter,"  and  inter- 
preting its  nature  and  tendencies  by  its  effects 
upon  them.  It  is  strange,  therefore,  that  so 
few  biographies  of  the  Revolutionists  have  been 
written,  even  in  France.  Without  prejudging 
the  two  volumes  under  review,  it  may  be  said 
that  no  satisfactory  life  of  Danton  has  yet  ap- 
peared. The  works  of  Aulard,  Robinet,  and 
Bongeart  are  rather  studies  of  aspects  of  his 
life  than  complete  descriptions  of  it.  They  are, 
moreover,  chiefly  attempts  to  meet  the  charges 
which  have  always  been  brought  against  him. 

Mr.  Beesly  and  Mr.  Belloc,  who  seek  to  bring 
to  English  readers  the  results  of  the  later  inves- 
tigations in  France,  are  both  enthusiastic  ad- 
mirers of  the  great  Cordelier.  Mr.  Beesly's 
book  is  distinctly  apologetic  from  beginning  to 
end,  —  although  a  biographical  study  with 
apology  as  its  dominant  note  is  itself  a  damag- 
ing criticism  of  its  hero.  This  is  not  altogether 
Mr.  Beesly's  fault,  because  any  bold  strong 
man  who  rose  to  leadership  during  such  days 
could  hardly  come  through  without  leaving 
some  memories  to  trouble  zealous  eulogists. 

•DAHTON.  A  Study.  By  Hilaire  Belloc,  B.A.,  lato  Brack- 
enbury  Scholar  of  Balliol  College,  Oxford.  New  York :  Chariot 
Scribner'a  Sons. 

LIFE  or  DANTON.  87  A.  H.  Beesly.  New  York :  Long- 
mails,  Green,  A  Co. 


It  was  first  as  a  dramatic  poet,  in  his  "  Danton 
and  Other  Verse,"  that  Mr.  Beesly  seems  to 
have  approached  his  hero.  In  this  new  vol- 
ume he  shows  a  wide  familiarity  with  French 
researches,  but  he  has  apparently  paid  little 
attention  to  the  documentary  sources  of  inform- 
ation, aside  from  the  "  Moniteur,"  which  he 
has  used  for  Danton's  speeches.  And  his  use 
of  the  "  Moniteur  "  is  not  critical,  else,  for  ex- 
ample, he  would  not  have  fallen  into  the  com- 
mon error  of  attributing  the  phrase  "  Plarons 
la  terreur  a  1'ordre  du  jour  "  to  Berrere,  who 
merely  quoted  it  from  an  orator  of  the  Com- 
mune in  September,  1793. 

Consciously  or  unconsciously,  Mr.  Beesly  has 
sought  to  palliate  the  darker  deeds  of  the  Revo- 
lution by  setting  everything  of  the  Old  Regime 
in  a  dismal  light.  He  begins  with  a  miscel- 
laneous assortment  of  evils  and  an  incredible 
story  or  two.  He  says  Louis  XIV.  left  France 
"  two  and  one-half  milliards  of  debt,"  and  that 
the  Regency  added  to  this  750  millions.  With- 
out another  word  of  explanation  he  remarks, 
"  But  the  Queen  went  on  gambling,"  as  if  the 
years  from  1723  to  1774  were  dropped  out 
entirely.  When  he  reaches  the  overthrow  of 
the  monarchy,  August  10,  instead  of  a  word  of 
pity  for  the  poor  old  king,  he  gathers  from  the 
gossip  of  the  memoir  writers  four  pages,  giving 
the  impression  that  Louis  was  a  boorish,  greedy, 
cruel  nobody. 

Mr.  Belloc's  "  Study  "  of  Danton  is  a  more 
important  contribution  to  the  subject,  for  by 
his  own  independent  investigations  he  has  been 
able  to  control  and  occasionally  to  supplement 
his  French  predecessors.  His  treatment  reveals 
vigorous  thinking  and  clear  conceptions  of 
many  of  the  characteristic  features  of  the  great 
struggle.  There  are  passages  of  remarkable  de- 
scriptive power,  sometimes  rising  to  eloquence. 
This  is  particularly  true  of  the  chapter  on  the 
death  of  Danton.  Here  and  there  a  phrase 
gathers  the  significance  of  all  the  varied  inci- 
dents of  a  whole  situation.  But  besides  these 
good  qualities  there  are  certain  surprising  de- 
fects. And,  first,  inaccuracies.  Such  things 
as  "  jerrymander,"  "  Golier  "  for  Gohier,  and 
"  suppliants  "  for  suppleants,  are  probably  mere 
misprints.  But  on  page  218  he  says  Danton 
opposed,  April  10,  the  "  prosecution  of  those 
who  sent  a  petition  from  the  Halle  aux  Blcs 
for  the  resignation  of  Roland."  Now  Roland 
had  resigned  January  22.  Moreover,  this  pe- 
tition was  not  sent  in  ;  it  was  discovered  by 
1 V  t  ion  while  it  was  being  circulated,  who  asked 
that  its  authors  be  prosecuted.  Danton's  inter- 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


71 


vention  was  accidental  and  had  no  significance, 
for  he  had  not  heard  the  first  part  of  the  peti- 
tion, in  which  the  offensive  words  occurred,  and 
misunderstood  the  intent  of  the  discussion.  A 
cursory  reading  of  the  Moniteur  would  have 
set  the  author  right. 

A  similar  blunder  occurs  on  page  179,  in 
speaking  of  Gohier's  report  on  the  "civil  list." 
Here  Mr.  Belloc  was  misled  by  a  statement  in 
one  of  Aulard's  articles  in  the  "  Revolution 
frangaise."  The  formal  report  did  not  come 
out  August  18,  as  Mr.  Belloc  says,  but  on 
September  16.  However,  Gohier  had  outlined 
the  discoveries  in  August,  though  not  for  the 
first  time  on  the  date  Mr.  Belloc  suggests,  but 
several  days  earlier.  M.  Aulard  quoted  only 
from  "  Moniteur  XIII.,  445,"  though  he  might 
have  found  practically  the  same  statements  in 
an  earlier  reference,  "  Moniteur  XIII.,  430." 
In  Mr.  Belloc's  footnote  the  reference  is 
"  Moniteur  XII.,  445." 

Errors  of  this  sort  are  of  minor  importance. 
But  when  Mr.  Belloc  attempts  to  answer  the 
question  concerning  the  consequences  of  Valmy, 
"  Why  then  did  the  King  of  Prussia  retreat  ?  " 
he  becomes  puerile.  He  gives  the  credit  to 
Danton  which  belongs  to  Dumouriez,  confuses 
dates  and  incidents,  and  sacrifices  clearness  to 
mere  phrasing.  What  can  anybody  make  out 
of  a  sentence  like  this,  in  reference  to  D'Eglan- 
tine's  mission  to  compose  the  jealous  ambitions 
of  Kellerman  and  Dumouriez  :  "  That  foolish 
man,  D'Eglantine,  followed  him,  but  his  folly 
was  swallowed  up  in  the  wisdom  of  Danton, 
who  sent  him,"  etc. 

It  is  impossible  here  to  more  than  allude  to 
Mr.  Belloc's  inadequate  treatment  of  the  First 
Committee  of  Public  Safety,  of  which  Danton 
was  the  most  influential  member.  He  seems  to 
have  laid  little  emphasis  in  his  studies  on  the 
records  and  correspondence  of  the  Committee 
itself,  edited  by  M.  Aulard.  Otherwise  he 
would  hardly  have  so  greatly  over-estimated 
the  importance  of  Berrere's  report  in  behalf  of 
the  Committee,  presented  May  29.  He  has 
printed  long  extracts  from  this  iii  an  Appendix, 
under  the  erroneous  impression  that  it  had  never 
been  printed  elsewhere. 

Vigorous  and  clear  as  Mr.  Belloc's  style  is  in 
many  passages,  it  occasionally  becomes  meta- 
phorical, oracular,  and  bombastic.  He  remarks 
that  Danton  was  chary  of  metaphor, —  a  virtue 
he  might  have  himself  better  appreciated.  A 
few  rhetorical  curiosities  are  worth  mentioning. 
"  When  spring  had  melted  their  enthusiasm  " 
almost  defies  analysis.  This  seems  a  little  thing 


compared  with  the  following,  apropos  of  the 
Flight  to  Varennes : 

"  France  was  also  afraid.  .  .  .  She  feared  the  divine 
sunstroke  that  threatens  the  road  to  Damascus.  In  that 
passage  which  was  bounded  on  either  side  by  an  abyss, 
her  feet  went  slowly,  one  before  the  other,  and  she 
looked  backward  continually.  In  the  twisting  tides  at 
night  her  one  anchor  to  the  old  time  was  the  monarchy. 
Thus  when  Louis  fled  the  feeling  was  of  a  prop  broken." 

Here  is  a  delightful  going  and  coming  of  the 
fancy  from  sacred  to  profane,  from  land  to  sea, 
and  back  again.  In  another  case  the  author  is 
obliged  to  escape  from  his  metaphor  argumenta- 
tively,  and  by  main  strength,  as  it  were.  A 
quarrel  between  Paris  and  the  departments  he 
says  "  would  have  been  a  fight  between  the 
members  and  the  brain,  and  the  brain  would 
have  died  fighting,  leaving  a  body  dead  because 
the  brain  had  died."  The  anatomical  impos- 
sibilities of  such  an  affair  quite  make  one  forget 
Paris  and  the  departments  and  Danton  himself, 
so  that  one  must  finally  go  back  to  find  what 
it  is  all  about. 

Both  writers  under  consideration  would  have 
made  Danton's  earlier  career  more  comprehen- 
sible had  they  explained  at  somewhat  greater 
length  the  municipal  history  of  Paris  in  1789 
and  1790.  This  is  not  so  difficult  to  do,  now 
that  many  of  the  records  have  been  edited. 
And  without  such  an  explanation  one  starts  out 
with  the  impression  that  Danton  was  merely  a 
noisy  demagogue,  though  with  greater  legal  acu- 
men and  more  ability  than  some  of  the  others. 

The  word  "  September  "  is  after  all  the  ugli- 
est obstacle  for  a  Danton  biographer  to  sur- 
mount. Few  writers  now  accuse  him  of  direct 
complicity  in  the  massacres.  But  some  years 
ago,  when  it  was  proposed  to  name  a  new  street 
near  Danton's  house  after  the  great  Revolu- 
tionist, there  was  a  lively  debate  in  the  Senate, 
and  the  distinguished  historian,  M.  Wallon, 
refused  to  be  convinced  that  Danton  was  not 
their  real  author.  He  suggested  six  panels  for 
the  pedestal  of  a  Danton  statue :  "  Massacre 
de  1'Abbaye,  Massacre  des  Carmes,  Massacre 
de  la  Force,"  etc.  Both  Mr.  Belloc  and  Mr. 
Beesly  advocate  the  theory  that,  in  the  perilous 
situation  of  Paris,  Danton  did  not  dare  antago- 
nize the  bloodthirsty  radicals  who  hounded  on 
the  mob  to  these  murders.  This  is  according 
to  the  evidence  —  or  rather  the  absence  of  evi- 
dence,—  but  there  is  a  suggestion  in  a  part  of 
the  record  of  the  Commune  on  the  first  day  of 
the  massacres  which  is  significant.  The  Com- 
mune sent  to  rescue  innocent  prisoners  for 
debt :  it  seemed  at  first  indifferent  to  the  fate 
of  the  political  prisoners  who  were  regarded  as 


72 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


criminal  conspirators.  Danton  probably  shared 
this  first  impulse,  realizing  only  later,  to  use 
the  words  of  Belloc,  -  that  a  thing  had  hap- 
pened which  was  to  hurt  the  future  of  the  Rev- 
olution more  than  all  the  armies."  This  reaction 
must  have  been  for  him,  as  for  the  rest,  "  like 
the  breaking  of  day  after  that  moral  night." 

When  a  brief  history  of  the  First  Committee 
of  Public  Safety  was  published  some  time  ago, 
M.  Aulard  remarked  how  hazardous  it  was  to 
attempt  such  a  task  without  spending  years  in 
the  archives.  This  reveals  also  the  difficulty  of 
doing  more  than  scratch  the  surface  of  Danton's 
work  in  the  First  Committee.  Here  these  two 
books  show  their  least  satisfactory  pages. 

In  spite  of  the  defects  and  inadequacies 
already  noted,  the  large  and  generous  outlines 
of  Danton's  figure  as  a  man  and  as  a  political 
leader  are  fairly  clear  in  these  volumes,  and 
the  reader  confined  to  English  descriptions  of 
the  great  Cordelier  will  find  in  them  the  first 
opportunity  to  gain  a  modern  view  of  him  based 
on  the  results  of  the  critical  scholarship  of 
France.  The  writers  will  have  done  a  service 
to  the  popular  understanding  of  Revolutionary 
history  if  they  have  succeeded  in  dissolving  that 
figment  of  uninstructed  imagination,  the  Tri- 
umvirate, Danton,  Robespierre,  Marat. 

HENRY  E.  BOURNE. 


I.ATE  BOOKS  ON  ALASKA.* 


The  historian,  in  his  survey  of  the  history  of 
the  United  States  for  this  century,  will  remark 
two  epoch-making  years,  —  namely,  1861,  the 
outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  as  resistance  to  con- 
traction, and  1898  as  a  positive  movement 
toward  expansion  in  the  Spanish  War  and  the 
great  influx  into  the  Alaskan  Gold  Fields.  The 
literature  of  this  latter  phase  has  been  lately 
increased  by  four  books  of  note,  which  treat 
the  subject  from  different  points  of  view.  Mr. 
Hamlin  Garland,  in  ••  The  Trail  of  the  Gold- 
seekers,"  deals  with  the  great  Alaskan  rush 
from  the  point  of  view  of  the  literary  man,  and 
gives  us  a  work  of  real  and  vivid  power,  at 
once  poetic,  romantic,  realistic.  The  larger 

•  THE  TRAIL  OF  THB  GOLDSBBKBBB.  By  Hamlin  Garland. 
New  York :  The  Maomillan  Co. 

ALASKA  AMD  THB  KLONDIKE.  By  Angelo  Heilprin.  New 
York :  D.  Appleton  A  Co. 

Two  WOMEN  IN  THB  KLONDIKE.  By  Mr*.  RoBwell  D. 
Hitchcock.  New  York :  Q.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

ALASKA  :  Its  History  and  Resources,  Gold  Fields,  Routes, 
and  Scenery.  By  Miner  Brace.  New  York :  Q.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons. 


part  of  the  book  is  taken  up  with  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  trail  by  the  inland  route  through 
British  Colombia  to  Glenora  on  the  Stikine. 
This  story  of  the  trail  through  savage  wilder- 
ness and  pleasant  land  is  well  told,  and  inter- 
spersed with  bits  of  impromptu  verse,  which 
are  not  without  charm.  The  migration  of  hu- 
man beings  often  became  a  craze. 

"  I  had  been  among  the  miners  and  hunters  for  four 
months.  I  had  been  one  of  them.  I  had  lived  the 
essentials  of  their  lives,  and  had  been  able  to  catch  from 
them  some  hint  of  their  outlook  on  life.  They  were  a 
disappointment  to  me  in  some  ways.  They  seemed  like 
mechanisms.  They  moved  as  if  drawn  by  some  great 
magnet  whose  centre  was  Dawson  City.  They  appeared 
to  drift  on  and  in  toward  that  human  maelstrom,  going 
irresolutely  to  their  rutn.  They  did  not  seem  to  me 
strong  men,  —  on  the  contrary,  they  seemed  weak  men, 
or  men  strong  with  one  insane  purpose.  They  set 
their  faces  toward  the  Golden  North,  and  went  on 
through  every  obstacle  like  men  dreaming,  like  som- 
nambulists,—  bending  their  backs  to  the  most  crushing 
burdens,  their  faces  distorted  with  effort.  '  On  to 
Dawson! '  <  To  the  Klondike! '  that  was  all  they  knew." 

From  Glenora  Mr.  Garland  went  by  water  to 
Skagway,  and  thence  to  the  Atlin  Lakes,  where 
the  scenery  greatly  impressed  him.  The  story 
of  his  horse  Ladrone  makes  a  very  pretty  tale. 
The  book  has  no  map. 

"Alaska  and  the  Klondike,"  by  Professor 
Angelo  Heilprin,  the  distinguished  geologist,  is 
written  from  the  scientific  point  of  view,  de- 
scribing the  journey  to  Dawson  as  made  in 
1898  by  way  of  the  White  Pass  and  out  by  the 
Chilkoot.  The  author  made  a  stay  of  some 
weeks  in  Dawson,  which  he  quite  fully  de- 
scribes, and  he  found  the  summer  weather  and 
scenery  superb. 

"  For  hours  at  a  time  could  I  sit  watching  the  exqui- 
site beauty  of  the  landscape;  and  to  one  endowed  with 
a  proper  appreciation  for  the  works  of  quiet  nature  it 
would  be  difficult  to  recommend  a  more  enjoyable  exer- 
cise than  to  take  in  a  bit  of  this  wonderful  land  of  the 
North,  and  with  it  a  mellow  sunshine  that  is  not  to  be 
found  elsewhere.  The  jays  and  cross-bills  are  gambolling 
in  the  thickets  back  of  you,  the  merry  hum  of  the  saw- 
mill breaks  the  stillness  of  the  day  below;  but  far  off  a 
peace  and  quiet  reigns  impressive  by  their  silence.  With 
a  claim  to  having  seen  many  distant  lands,  I  can  truth- 
fully say  that  never  before  has  it  been  my  fortune  to 
experience  such  a  succession  of  wonderful  summer  days 
as  during  my  stay  in  the  region  about  Dawson." 

Professor  Heilprin  examined  the  Klondike 
Gold  Fields  and  reports  on  their  geology  and 
on  the  methods  of  working.  The  style  of  the 
book  is  at  times  diffuse,  strained,  and  affected. 
Maps  and  illustrations  are  good. 

In  "  Two  Women  in  the  Klondike,"  by  Mrs. 
Roswell  D.  Hitchcock,  we  have  the  Alaskan 
trip  of  1898  from  the  feminine  point  of  view. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


73 


This  diary  of  a  tour  to  Dawson  by  way  of  the 
Yukon  and  out  by  the  White  Pass  is  full  of 
petty  details  and  small  adventures.  Yet,  though 
lacking  in  artistic  selection  and  compression,  it 
is  still  attractive  as  a  vivid  picture  of  interest- 
ing scenes  and  personalities.  So,  also,  the  con- 
stantly effervescing  jollity,  humor,  enthusiasm, 
and  optimism  of  these  two  travelled  ladies  — 
who  are  "  doing  "  the  Klondike  as  "  a  lark  " 
—  make  pleasant  and  amusing  reading.  We 
cannot  say  that  we  gain  much  information,  but 
we  certainly  derive  considerable  entertainment 
from  this  work.  The  many  illustrations  are 
for  the  most  part  indifferent. 

Mr.  Miner  Bruce's  book  on  Alaska  is  a  hand- 
book to  the  Territory  from  the  point  of  view  of 
the  practical  man.  It  contains  instructive  chap- 
ters on  the  history,  animals,  inhabitants,  and 
minerals  of  Alaska,  with  special  directions  to 
prospectors.  Illustrations  and  maps  are  satis- 
factory. H.  M.  STANLEY. 


RECENT  FICTION.* 


"  The  Fortnightly  Review  "  has  been  publishing, 
for  some  months  past,  a  serial  novel  called  "The  Indi- 
vidualist," and  attributed  to  "  Wentworth  Moore." 
The  novel  was  printed  in  small  type,  and  the  pages 
had  a  leaden  look,  which  circumstances  have,  we 
imagine,  prevented  many  readers  from  making  its 
acquaintance.  Those  who  were  not  deterred  by  its 
forbidding  accidents,  however,  probably  recognized 
a  familiar  voice  speaking  under  an  unfamiliar  mask, 
and  had  little  difficulty  in  reading  Mr.  W.  H.  Mai- 
lock  for  "  Wentworth  Moore."  The  mask  is  now 
removed,  and  the  novel,  acknowledged  by  its  author, 
appears  in  book  form,  with  a  few  added  pages,  and 
the  new  title  of  "  Tristram  Lacy ;  or,  The  Individ- 
ualist." It  is  certainly  a  novel  that  the  reader  can- 

*  TRISTRAM  LACY  ;  or,  The  Individualist.  By  W.  H.  Mai- 
lock.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

MUTINEERS.  By  Arthur  E.  J.  Legge.  New  York :  John 
Lane. 

THE  FOWLER.  By  Beatrice  Harraden.  New  York :  Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co. 

THE  MATERNITY  or  HARRIOTT  WICKEN.  By  Mrs.  Henry 
Dudeney.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

RICHARD  CARVEL.  By  Winston  Churchill.  New  York : 
The  Macmillan  Co. 

CROMWELL'S  OWN.  A  Story  of  the  Great  Civil  War.  By 
Arthur  Paterson.  New  York  :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  PEDAGOGUES.  A  Story  of  the  Harvard  Summer 
School.  By  Arthur  Stanwood  Pier.  Boston :  Small,  Maynard, 
&Co. 

THAT  FORTUNE.  By  Charles  Dudley  Warner.  New  York : 
Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  AWAKENING.  By  Kate  Chopin.  Chicago :  Herbert 
S.  Stone  &  Co. 

THE  LADY  OF  THE  FLAG-FLOWERS.  By  Florence  Wilkin- 
son. Chicago :  Herbert  S.  Stone  &  Co. 


not  afford  to  miss.  The  leaden  effect  becomes  less 
noticeable  upon  closer  acquaintance,  and  attracts 
less  attention  than  the  remarkable  finish  of  the  style. 
The  defects  of  Mr.  Mallock's  qualities  are  clearly 
exhibited,  and  there  runs  through  the  book  a  faint 
streak  of  what  must  be  called  nastiness  —  which 
will  be  no  discovery  to  readers  of  the  author's  pre- 
vious books.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  the  peculiar 
satirical  gift  of  the  writer  is  exhibited  almost  as 
brilliantly  as  in  the  pages  of  "  The  New  Republic," 
and  constitutes  the  real  strength  of  "  Tristram 
Lacy,"  although  the  interest  of  the  story  is  itself 
considerable.  In  this  case,  the  social  reformer  is 
the  target  at  which  Mr.  Mallock  aims  his  shafts,  and 
their  penetrative  force  is  not  to  be  denied.  Various 
types  of  reformers  are  satirized,  and  particularly  the 
advanced  woman  who  delights  in  vague  abstractions 
about  the  new  gospel  of  altruism  and  the  uplifting 
of  the  masses  through  the  blessed  instrumentality  of 
culture.  The  character  of  Mrs.  Norham  is  one  of 
the  most  effective  pieces  of  satirical  delineation  with 
which  we  are  acquainted.  But  if  the  doings  of  these 
people  were  all,  the  book  would  prove  monotonous 
reading ;  fortunately,  Mr.  Mallock  has  enough  of 
artistic  tact  to  diversify  his  scenes,  and  bring 
together  a  great  variety  of  other  social  types,  includ- 
ing a  Prime  Minister  of  England,  into  interesting 
relations  with  each  other.  Still,  the  book  is  essen- 
tially one  of  discussion  rather  than  of  action,  and, 
aside  from  its  effective  scene-setting,  appeals  almost 
wholly  to  the  intellectual  sense.  It  is  a  book  which, 
with  its  obvious  defects,  will  be  found  enjoyable  by 
cultivated  readers  in  proportion  to  their  degree  of 
cultivation  and  the  closeness  of  the  attention  they 
give  to  the  perusal.  It  is  certainly  one  of  the  nota- 
ble novels  of  the  year. 

Mr.  Legge's  "  Mutineers  "  is,  like  the  book  just 
mentioned,  preoccupied  with  the  social  problem,  but 
the  treatment  is  conventional  and  dull.  The  hero, 
who  is  the  chief  mutineer,  is  a  rather  sullen  and 
unattractive  person,  and  the  heroine,  who  begins  by 
exciting  our  sympathies,  soon  forfeits  them  by  a 
marriage  into  which  no  girl  of  fine  feelings  could 

THE  HEART  OF  DENISE,  and  Other  Tales.  By  S.  Leavett 
Yeats.  New  York :  Longmans,  Green,  &  Co. 

MEN'S  TRAGEDIES.  By  R.  V.  Risley.  New  York  :  The 
Macmillan  Co. 

AT  A  WINTER'S  FIRE.  By  Bernard  Capes.  New  York : 
Doubleday  &  McClure  Co. 

THE  HEART  OF  MIRANDA,  and  Other  Stories,  Being  Mostly 
Winter  Tales.  By  H.  B.  Marriott  Watson.  New  York :  John 
Lane. 

STORIES  IN  LIGHT  AND  SHADOW.  By  Bret  Harte.  Boston : 
Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

SHORT  RATIONS.  By  Williston  Fish.  New  York :  Harper 
&  Brothers. 

STRONG  HEARTS.  By  George  W.  Cable.  New  York: 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

LOVE'S  DILEMMAS.  By  Robert  Herrick.  Chicago :  Herbert 
S.  Stone  &  Co. 

THE  CARCELLINI  EMERALD,  with  Other  Tales.  By  Mrs. 
Burton  Harrison.  Chicago :  Herbert  S.  Stone  &  Co. 

THE  GREATER  INCLINATION.  By  Edith  Wharton.  New 
York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 


74 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


possibly  enter.  There  is  a  great  deal  of  assorted 
agony  in  the  book,  and  a  rather  lame  working-out 
of  the  plot  The  story  is  one  of  English  society  in 
our  own  time. 

"The  Fowler"  offers  a  pathetic  illustration  of 
what  follows  when  a  slender  talent  is  stretched  be- 
yond its  limits.  When  Miss  Harraden's  "  Ships  That 
Pass  in  the  Night  "  caught  the  capricious  favor  of 
the  public,  and,  pretty  as  the  story  was,  received 
ten  times  the  praise  that  was  rationally  its  due,  the 
writer  could  do  no  less  than  attempt  to  justify  all 
this  laudation  by  planning  a  new  book  upon  a  more 
liberal  scale.  The  result  of  this  misdirected  ambi- 
tion is  a  novel  in  which  the  characters  have  no 
vitality  and  slight  individuality,  all  speaking  the 
same  language,  and  all  the  merest  puppets  in  the 
hands  of  the  show-woman.  We  hesitate  to  describe 
in  these  terms  what  is  no  doubt  a  conscientious  piece 
of  workmanship,  but  Miss  Harraden's  failure  is  so 
obvious  that  it  seems  best  to  mince  no  words  about 
it.  The  heroine  is  a  young  woman  whose  weakness 
in  allowing  herself  to  become  ensnared  flatly  con- 
tradicts everything  that  we  are  told  about  her  char- 
acter ;  the  villain-hero,  who  is  crafty  enough  to  en- 
snare the  heroine,  is  yet  such  a  fool  as  to  write  a 
detailed  description  of  his  methods  in  a  private 
journal  and  send  it  to  the  young  woman  by  mistake. 
In  her  conception  of  this  character,  we  cannot  help 
thinking  that  Miss  Harraden  has  been  unconsciously 
influenced  by  "  The  Tormentor  "  of  Mr.  Benjamin 
Swift,  for  the  two  figures  are  fundamentally  akin, 
although  the  latter  has  some  reality  about  him,  while 
the  former  has  almost  none. 

It  is  difficult  to  speak  kindly  of  such  a  book  as 
••  The  Maternity  of  Harriott  Wicken,"  in  spite  of 
the  writer's  obvious  talent  for  vivid  portraiture  and 
striking  dramatic  effect.  The  objection  to  this  novel 
is  not  that  it  deals  with  people  who  have  their  being 
in  an  uninteresting  section  of  middle-class  society, 
or  even  that  its  method  of  treatment  is  that  of  re- 
morseless realism.  The  objection  is  rather  that  the 
author  takes  a  wanton  delight  in  the  introduction  of 
sordid  and  offensive  bits  of  detail,  not  necessary 
for  the  development  of  her  conception,  and,  it  would 
seem,  deliberately  calculated  to  make  her  work  re- 
pulsive. The  life  which  she  depicts  is  a  sort  of 
dismal  swamp  of  dank  sliminess  and  miasmatic  exha- 
lations. There  is  no  more  art  about  it  than  there 
is  about  the  crudest  of  M.  Zola's  productions  ;  there 
is  only  a  certain  crude  and  brutal  power  which  fas- 
cinates but  does  not  impress.  Dealing  with  a  prob- 
lem which  above  all  others  calls  for  delicate  treat- 
ment, the  writer  knows  nothing  of  reticence,  and 
defeats  her  own  ethical  purpose.  Her  pages  are 
thronged  with  horrors  which  the  sunlight  of  life 
never  softens.  If  the  world  were  such  a  charnel- 
house  as  this  depressing  book  would  have  us  think, 
the  process  of  putrefaction  would  long  since  have 
exterminated  our  race. 

American  fiction  is  setting  a  higher  mark  every 
year  for  the  historical  novel,  and  the  charge  that 
our  writers  are  neglecting  their  opportunities  in  this 


field  is  losing  its  force.  Such  recent  books  as  Dr. 
Mitchell's  ••  Hugh  Wynne "  and  Miss  Johnston's 
"  Prisoners  of  Hope  "  gave  us  a  new  sense  of  the 
possibilities  of  our  colonial  past  as  material  for  ro- 
mance, and  now  Mr.  Winston  Churchill's  ••  Richard 
Carvel  "  has  achieved  a  still  higher  triumph,  and  at 
once  takes  its  place  in  the  very  front  rank  of  our 
historical  fiction.  That  the  author  of  that  amusing 
sketch,  ••  The  Celebrity,"  had  it  in  him  to  produce 
this  full-bodied  romance  was,  we  must  admit,  a  great 
surprise  to  us,  for  the  gift  of  the  light  social  satirist 
is  one  thing,  and  the  gift  of  the  successful  delineator 
of  a  bygone  period  in  all  its  political,  social,  and 
human  aspects  —  with  the  presentation  of  its  acci- 
dents as  well  as  of  its  essentials  —  is  quite  another 
thing.  Yet  this  latter  thing  Mr.  Churchill  has  accom- 
plished, and  in  a  way  that  betokens  the  ••  infinite 
capacity  for  taking  pains  "  which,  although  much  of 
our  slapdash  criticism  of  modern  slapdash  work  is  apt 
to  forget  the  fact,  is  still  as  characteristic  of  genius 
as  it  ever  was.  We  should  hesitate  to  designate  as 
outright  genius  the  power  that  shaped  the  present 
work,  but  it  is,  at  all  events,  a  power  of  character- 
ization and  of  description,  a  power  of  sympathetic 
insight  and  vivid  dramatic  presentation,  such  as  only 
the  best  writers  of  fiction  have  at  their  command. 
When  we  say  that  this  novel  of  Maryland  in  the 
days  just  before  the  Revolution  is  constantly  remind- 
ing us  of  "  The  Virginians,"  it  is  for  deeper  reasons 
than  tHe  mere  similarity  of  theme  and  situation.  It 
is  the  equipment  of  the  mind  that  has  produced  the 
book,  it  is  the  fulness  of  the  life  that  is  depicted. 
These  things,  even  more  than  the  convincing 
character-studies  of  John  Paul  Jones  and  Charles 
James  Fox,  and  the  forcible  manner  in  which 
Richard  Carvel  is  made  the  spokesman  of  patriotic 
American  sentiment  in  a  great  historical  moment, 
these  are  what  distinguish  the  present  novel,  and 
set  it  upon  a  plane  that  hardly  any  other  of  our 
novelists  has  succeeded  in  occupying. 

There  is  probably  no  other  period  of  English 
history  that  has  occasioned  so  many  romances  as 
the  period  of  the  Civil  War,  and  a  writer  must  have 
considerable  confidence  in  his  powers  to  enter  the 
lists  with  still  another.  In  "  Cromwell's  Own,"  Mr. 
Arthur  Paterson  deals  with  the  period  that  begins 
with  the  Long  Parliament  and  ends  with  Marston 
'  Moor.  He  has  been  greatly  daring  in  his  treatment 
of  Cromwell,  for  the  great  general  appears,  not  as 
an  imposing  figure  whose  shadow  is  from  time  to 
time  cast  over  the  scene,  but  rather  as  the  central 
character  of  the  romance,  and  overshadows  the  pri- 
vate figures  with  which  the  story  is  nominally  con- 
cerned. This  attempt  at  historical  portraiture  is 
measurably  successful ;  it  gives  us  at  once  the  grim- 
ness  and  the  tenderness  of  Cromwell,  it  shows  us 
the  man  who  could  be  great  enough  to  be  inconsistent 
at  critical  moments,  and  allow  the  logic  of  the  heart 
to  oppose  the  dictates  of  the  more  formal  logic  of 
the  intellect.  Cromwell's  household  and  family  life, 
too,  are  portrayed  with  sympathetic  insight.  All 
this,  however,  does  not  prevent  the  story  from  being 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


75 


a  charming  one  considered  merely  as  the  romance 
of  a  young  soldier  and  a  Puritan  maiden,  and  it  is 
a  satisfaction  to  know  that  the  generous  heroism  of 
the  one  and  the  tender  steadfastness  of  the  other  do 
not  go  in  the  end  unrewarded,  although  many  perils 
have  to  be  surmounted  before  that  consummation  is 
reached.  Mr.  Paterson  has  told  a  thoroughly  good 
story,  which  it  is  a  pleasure  to  praise. 

"  The  Pedagogues  "  is  a  mere  sketch,  but  it  dis- 
plays unmistakable  talent,  besides  having  the  ad- 
vantage of  dealing  with  a  subject  almost  unexplored 
by  the  novelist.  The  summer  school  is  a  compara- 
tively recent  development  of  collegiate  work,  and, 
however  it  may  try  to  make  itself  like  the  rest  of 
the  year,  there  remain  certain  features  peculiar  to 
the  conditions  of  the  summer  season.  This  is  the 
fact  upon  which  Mr.  Arthur  Stanwood  Pier  has 
seized,  and  with  which  he  has  successfully  dealt. 
His  characters  are  a  young  instructor  of  the  languid 
and  supercilious  type,  and  a  group  of  the  students 
who  take  his  summer  course  in  composition  and  lit- 
erature. Among  these  students  are  two  teachers 
from  a  country  town  in  the  West  —  an  ambitious 
girl  who  knows  nothing  of  the  finer  graces  of  thought 
or  of  life,  and  an  equally  graceless  young  man  who  is 
besides  a  misunderstood  genius.  The  girl  has  great 
self-confidence,  but  understands  that  there  is  much 
she  may  learn,  and  has  considerable  powers  of  adap- 
tation. The  man  is  simply  a  bumptious  clodhopper 
—  even  if  he  does  contribute  turgid  verses  to  his 
county  newspaper.  The  two  are  engaged  to  be 
married,  although  we  may  hardly  call  them  lovers. 
This  is  the  situation  set  forth  by  Mr.  Pier,  with  a  fine 
sense  of  the  humorous  contrast  between  instructor 
and  instructed.  And  the  outcome  is  helpful  on  both 
sides.  The  roughness  of  the  students  becomes  soft- 
ened, and  the  stiff  superiority  of  the  teacher  melts 
into  a  more  human  sort  of  feeling  through  his  con- 
tact with  these  students  of  a  sort  so  different  from 
any  he  has  hitherto  known.  For  there  is  a  pathetic 
side  to  even  the  most  ungainly  of  the  seekers  after 
culture  who  throng  to  the  summer  schools  of  the 
great  universities  ;  and  this  is  the  thing  that  chiefly 
claims  the  attention  upon  continued  acquaintance. 

"  That  Fortune,"  by  Mr.  Charles  Dudley  Warner, 
is  in  some  sense  a  continuation  of  "  A  Little  Jour- 
ney in  the  World  "  and  "  The  Golden  House,"  the 
three  novels  taken  together  forming  a  sort  of  trilogy 
of  American  society  as  it  is  focalized  in  New  York. 
Carmen  Henderson  of  "  The  Golden  House,"  and 
Mavick,  whom  she  married  after  the  death  of  her 
first  husband,  reappear  in  the  present  novel,  and  the 
ill-gotten  wealth  acquired  by  Henderson,  and  to 
which  the  interest  of  all  three  books  attaches,  is  in 
the  end  lost,  to  the  chastening  of  all  concerned. 
Fresh  interest  is  supplied  in  the  characters  of  two 
young  people,  who  seem  to  embody  the  hope  of  our 
society  in  their  reversion  to  simpler  and  saner  ideals 
of  life  than  those  illustrated  by  the  generation  be- 
fore them  —  a  hope  which  Mr.  Warner  has  sufficient 
optimism  to  entertain,  in  spite  of  what  seems  to  us  the 
steady  and  alarming  disintegration  of  our  social  mor- 


ality. The  new  volume  in  this  series  is  not  quite  on 
the  level  of  its  two  predecessors,  and  all  three  suffer, 
from  the  artistic  standpoint,  in  being  the  product  of 
the  critical  rather  than  of  the  creative  intellect.  In 
other  words,  the  gift  of  the  essayist  rather  than  that 
of  the  novelist  is  what  they  exhibit  most  conspicu- 
ously. But  of  their  charm  arid  of  their  wholesome- 
ness  there  cannot  be  the  least  doubt,  and  we  are 
inclined  to  consider  them  the  most  important  con- 
tribution which  their  writer  has  made  to  American 
literature. 

"  The  Awakening,"  by  Mrs.  Chopin,  is  a  story  in 
which,  with  no  other  accessories  than  the  trivial 
details  of  everyday  life  in  and  about  New  Orleans, 
there  is  worked  out  a  poignant  spiritual  tragedy. 
The  story  is  familiar  enough.  A  woman  is  married 
without  knowing  what  it  is  to  love.  Her  husband 
is  kind  but  commonplace.  He  cares  overmuch  for 
the  conventions  of  life ;  she,  finding  them  a  bar  to 
the  free  development  of  her  wayward  personality, 
casts  them  off  when  "  the  awakening  "  comes  to  her, 
and  discovers,  too  late,  that  she  has  cast  off  the 
anchor  which  alone  could  have  saved  her  from  ship- 
wreck. It  is  needless  to  say  that  the  agency  by 
which  she  becomes  awakened  is  provided  by  another 
man.  But  he  proves  strong  enough  to  resist  temp- 
tation, while  she  is  too  weak  to  think  of  atoning  for 
her  fault.  To  her  distraught  thinking,  self-destruction 
is  the  only  way  out,  and  the  tragedy  is  accomplished 
in  picturesque  fashion.  The  story  is  a  simple  one, 
not  without  charm,  but  not  altogether  wholesome  in 
its  tendency. 

Miss  Florence  Wilkinson  is  a  new  writer,  and  her 
first  book  has  many  amateurish  characteristics.  It 
is  called  "  The  Lady  of  the  Flag-Flowers,"  and  is 
the  story  of  a  Canadian  girl  of  mixed  French  and 
Indian  blood.  Her  soul  is  awakened  to  the  pos- 
sibilities of  life  in  the  great  world  by  companion- 
ship with  a  young  American  student  who  comes  to 
pass  a  summer  among  the  habitants  of  the  Lower 
Province.  Later,  she  finds  her  way  into  this  world 
that  she  has  longed  to  know,  and  realizes  some  of 
the  joys  of  life  and  more  of  its  bitterness.  But  her 
wild  spirit  is  not  to  be  tamed,  and  so  in  the  end  it 
is  broken,  for  that  is  the  only  alternative  possible. 
The  story  is  pathetically  told,  with  much  evidence 
of  close  observation  of  things  French-Canadian,  and 
with  a  sympathetic  affection  for  the  heroine  —  that 
frail  flower  uprooted  from  the  native  soil  in  which 
alone  it  could  hope  to  flourish.  The  chief  fault  of 
the  book  is  that  it  has  too  many  loose  ends.  Fresh 
starts  are  taken  so  frequently  that  the  interest  of 
the  reader  becomes  unhinged,  and  he  longs  for  a 
more  straightforward  manner  of  narration. 

Among  recent  volumes  of  short  stories,  that 
bearing  the  name  of  Mr.  S.  Levett  Yeats  is  sure  to 
arrest  the  attention  of  readers  who  remember  "  The 
Chevalier  d'Auriac."  It  is  called  "  The  Heart  of 
Denise,"  from  the  first  of  the  nine  pieces  which  it 
contains.  This  titular  story  is  practically  a  novel- 
ette in  dimensions,  and  has  for  its  theme  the  period 
of  latter  sixteenth  century  history,  and  the  struggle 


76 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


between  the  Queen-Mother  and  the  Be*arnais.  It  is 
a  good  story,  with  a  valiant  hero  and  a  pert  heroine, 
coming  to  a  happy  conclusion.  Of  the  other  stories, 
it  remains  to  say  that  they  are  slight  in  comparison, 
and  that  several  of  them  seem  to  poach  upon  Mr. 
Kipling's  preserves,  a  fact  to  he  explained  by  the 
statement  that  Mr.  Yeats  has  seen  much  service  in 
India,  and  thus  writes  from  fulness  of  knowledge. 

The  nine  stories  which  Mr.  R.  V.  Risley  has  called 
"  Men's  Tragedies  "  —  with  such  specific  titles  as 
"The  Man  Who  Loved,"  "The  Man  Who  Fell," 
and  "  The  Man  Who  Cared  " —  are  all  studies  of  an 
intense  sort  of  character,  and,  in  a  sense,  are  all 
concerned  with  "  men  who  cared  "  most  earnestly 
for  their  ideals.  These  are  mostly  men  of  middle 
age,  whose  outward  lives  have  been  touched  by 
failure,  but  who  have  held  fast  to  some  of  the  inner 
realities,  and  achieved  a  sort  of  spiritual  triumph 
over  adverse  circumstances.  There  is  distinct  power 
in  this  book,  although  not  here  applied  upon  a  scale 
sufficiently  large  to  show  what  the  writer  has  it  in 
him  to  accomplish.  We  shall  look  forward  with 
peculiar  interest  to  the  literary  future  which  it 
seems  safe  to  say  is  in  store  for  him. 

"  At  a  Winter's  Fire  "  is  not  a  thick  volume,  but 
it  contains  eleven  stories,  the  work  of  Mr.  Bernard 
Capes.  The  author  seeks  to  be  weird  after  the  fan- 
tastic fashion  of  Foe,  but  his  horrors  are  of  a  rather 
cheap  sort,  and  he  does  not  succeed  in  giving  his 
imagined  impossibilities  the  garb  of  verisimilitude. 
His  method  of  narration,  moreover,  is  frequently  so 
tortuous  as  to  make  the  stories  difficult  reading. 

Mr.  Marriott  Watson's  six  stories  are  described 
by  the  author  as  '•  mostly  winter  tales,"  which  would 
seem  to  imply  that  they,  too,  were  best  read  "  at  a 
winter's  fire."  But,  with  one  exception,  they  are 
not  like  the  ghostly  productions  of  Mr.  Capes,  being 
rather  romantic  fancies  with  a  core  of  tragedy.  The 
titular  story  alone,  "  The  Heart  of  Miranda,"  has  no 
tragical  suggestion  about  it,  but  is  simply  a  delicate 
and  elusive  study  of  the  several  approaches  to  a 
maiden's  love,  and  not  strictly  a  story  at  all. 

There  is  really  nothing  new  to  say  about  the  new 
volume  of  short  stories  by  Mr.  Bret  Harte.  They 
are  partly  European  and  partly  Calif  ornian  in  theme, 
and  they  are  better  stories  than  almost  anybody  else 
can  write  nowadays.  But  it  must  be  confessed  that 
Mr.  Harte's  characters  and  situations  are  growing  a 
little  hackneyed,  and  these  "  Stories  in  Light  and 
Shadow  "  are  rather  less  interesting  than  most  of 
their  predecessors. 

The  volume  of  "  Short  Rations  "  issued  to  the 
public  by  Mr.  Williston  Fish  contains  a  series  of 
sketches  of  life  in  the  American  army,  all  the  way 
from  West  Point  to  the  frontier  post.  Each  sketch 
is  a  story,  or  the  next  thing  to  a  story,  and  nearly 
all  are  concerned  with  the  fortunes  of  one  McVay, 
whose  career  is  traced  from  his  entrance  into  the 
Academy  to  the  successful  termination,  many  years 
later,  of  the  romantic  courtship  which  was  there 
begun.  Mr.  Fish  writes  from  knowledge,  which  is 
a  strong  claim  to  our  attention,  and  with  a  crispnesa 


of  literary  manner,  relieved  by  dry  and  effective 
humor,  which  is  a  still  more  cogent  claim.  He  has 
given  us  a  highly  readable  little  volume,  which  we 
can  recommend  with  a  clear  conscience. 

From  Mr.  Cable  we  hear  too  rarely  of  late,  but 
when  he  does  put  forth  a  book,  we  are  at  least  as- 
sured that  his  powers  suffer  no  decline  for  lack  of 
the  old-time  exercise.  His  "  Strong  Hearts,"  just 
now  published,  is  a  collection  of  three  short  stories 
illustrating  once  more  the  types  of  Southern  char- 
acter that  he  knows  so  sympathetically  and  well. 
Stories  of  "  heroic  natures  and  poetic  fates  "  he  calls 
them,  and  insists  that  the  three  tales  are  but  one  in 
essence,  meaning  that  the  humblest  and  narrowest 
life  may  be  turned  into  song  by  high  purpose  and 
strenuous  endeavor,  and  that  this  is  the  all-important 
thing  about  his  several  heroes  and  heroines.  In 
this  book,  the  author  seems  to  take  us  into  a  finer 
spiritual  atmosphere  than  is  his  wont,  and  the  eth- 
ical subtleties  of  the  situations  devised  for  us  will 
hardly  be  penetrated  by  him  who  runs  as  he  reads. 

The  six  stories  called  "  Love's  Dilemmas,"  by 
Mr.  Robert  Herrick,  are  in  a  sense  prentice  work, 
having  been  written  from  two  to  four  years  ago. 
They  exhibit  the  promise  of  which  ••  The  Gospel  of 
Freedom  "  has  been  the  subsequent  fulfilment,  and 
are  marked  by  much  fastidiousness  of  manner  and 
subtlety  of  delineation.  But  Mr.  Herrick  has  ad- 
vanced far  beyond  the  stage  represented  by  these 
slight  performances,  and  it  seems  almost  a  pity  to 
call  attention  to  his  early  work. 

Mrs.  Burton  Harrison's  volume  of  seven  stories  is 
characterized  by  lively  invention,  animated  action, 
and  an  infusion  of  tender  sentiment.  The  stories 
are  mostly  told  of  people  who  move  in  the  most 
conventional  and  least  humanly  interesting  section 
of  American  society,  and  it  does  no  small  credit  to 
Mrs.  Harrison's  gift  for  entertainment  to  say  that 
she  keeps  her  readers  interested.  One  reason  is 
that  she  does  not  take  her  people  too  seriously,  and 
knows  how  to  treat  "social  aspirations"  with  deli- 
cate satire.  "  An  Author's  Reading  "  is  a  good 
illustration  of  this  aspect  of  her  work,  and  is  as 
different  as  possible  from  the  straightforward  nar- 
rative of  ••  The  Carcellini  Emerald,"  which  gives  a 
title  to  the  collection. 

The  note  of  distinction  (as  the  French  would 
understand  it)  is  rarely  met  with  in  the  English  or 
American  short  story,  but  it  may  certainly  be  found 
upon  almost  every  page  of  the  book  by  Mrs.  Edith 
Wharton,  with  which  this  hurried  review  must  close. 
Under  the  collective  title  "The  Greater  Inclina- 
tion," which  belongs  to  no  one  of  the  stories  in  par- 
ticular, Mrs.  Wharton  has  brought  together  eight 
pieces  of  delicate  texture  and  artistic  conception. 
Every  one  of  them  has  the  external  shape  and  col- 
oring of  the  world  in  which  we  mingle  day  by  day, 
and  every  one  of  them  is  at  heart  a  poignant  spirit- 
ual tragedy.  The  veils  that  are  spread  over  most 
lives  by  wont  and  custom  conceal  the  inner  work- 
ings from  the  eyes  of  all  but  a  few ;  it  is  the  privi- 
1  lege  of  the  artist  to  penetrate  their  enveloping  folds 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


77 


and  scan  the  bare  soul  within.  The  present  writer 
does  not  neglect  the  outward  aspect  of  the  lives 
which  she  depicts,  but,  as  the  conception  becomes 
developed  by  touches  so  deft  that  we  never  think  of 
the  conscious  artistic  endeavor,  the  subjective  reality 
is  in  each  case  brought  by  insensible  degrees  into 
the  field  of  vision,  until  the  gaze  is  at  last  focussed 
upon  that  alone,  and  the  full  triumph  of  the  work- 
manship bursts  upon  us.  This  may  sound  like  ex- 
travagant praise,  but  no  conventional  commendation 
would  be  adequate  for  such  a  book.  Between  these 
stories  and  those  of  the  ordinary  entertaining  sort 
there  is  a  great  gulf  fixed  —  there  is  all  the  differ- 
ence between  the  pure  gold  of  art  and  its  pinchbeck 
imitations.  WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


The  best 
sea-writer 
since  Dana. 


BRIEFS  ox  NEW  BOOKS. 

In  his  Introduction  to  Mr.  Frank  T. 
Bullen's  "  Idylls  of  the  Sea  "  (Apple- 
ton)  Mr.  J.  St.  Loe  Strachey  rightly 
observes  that  "  Mr.  Bullen's  work  in  literature  re- 
quires no  introduction."  Mr.  Strachey  then  pro- 
ceeds at  some  length  to  perform  the  ceremony  he 
thinks  superfluous.  Mr.  Kipling,  it  will  be  remem- 
bered, stood  sponsor  for  Mr.  Bullen's  first  book ; 
and  as  it  was  a  first  book,  perhaps  some  little  ad- 
vance trumpeting  of  this  sort  was  admissible.  But 
once  was  enough.  "  The  Cruise  of  the  Cachalot " 
established  the  reputation  of  Mr.  Bullen's  literary 
wares,  and  it  was  quite  unnecessary  to  call  in  Mr. 
St.  Loe  Strachey  or  anybody  else  to  vouch  for  their 
quality.  We  dislike  these  transparent  devices  ex- 
tremely, and  Mr.  Bullen's  books  are  precisely  of 
the  sort  to  make  their  way  perfectly  well  without 
them.  Besides,  Mr.  Bullen's  good  wine  is  well 
known  now,  and  needs  no  bush.  He  is  the  best  sea- 
writer  since  Dana,  and  we  earnestly  hope  that  he 
will  take  to  heart  the  lesson  that  Dana's  book  is  a 
masterpiece  mainly  because  it  is  simple,  straight- 
forward, and  true.  Mr.  Bullen  is  somewhat  given 
to  fine  language  and  lurid  melodramatic  effects ; 
and  wherever  these  tendencies  discover  themselves 
he  becomes  comparatively  tame  and  rings  a  little 
false.  What  one  wants  from  a  writer  of  Mr.  Bul- 
len's stamp  is  plain  truth,  and  not  flowers  of  speech. 
The  "  Cruise  of  the  Cachalot "  just  missed  being  a 
masterpiece  because  Mr.  Bullen  would  occasionally 
"  spread  himself  "  in  a  rhetorical  way,  and  turn  on 
the  lime-lights.  The  forced  episode  of  the  death  of 
Captain  Slocum  and  "  Goliah,"  for  instance,  is  dis- 
tinctly bad  and  incredible  —  nearly  as  bad  and 
incredible  as  Mr.  Bullen's  Yankee  dialect,  which  is 
easily  hors  concours  in  this  way.  Of  Mr.  Bullen's 
Yankee  dialect  there  are,  we  regret  to  say,  certain 
weird  specimens  in  the  little  volume  now  before  us. 
"  Idylls  of  the  Sea  "  is  a  budget  of  thirty  brief  sea- 
sketches,  all  replete  with  the  lore  of  ocean,  for,  be 
it  said,  the  author  joins  to  the  actual  experiences  of 
the  "  foremast-hand  "  a  fair  measure  of  scientific 


acquirement.  But  what  makes  Mr.  Bullen  a  rather 
unique  literary  figure  is  the  blending  in  him  of  the 
born  writer  and  the  common  sailor.  Pen  or  mar- 
linespike,  it 's  clearly  all  one  to  Mr.  Bullen.  In  the 
"  Idylls  "  he  has  given  us  a  gallery  of  sea-pictures 
hard  to  beat  in  English  literature.  In  fine,  Mr. 
Bullen  is  facile  princeps  among  sea-writers  to-day; 
and  we  trust  he  will  eschew  in  the  future  "  fine 
writing,"  red-fire  effects,  Yankee  dialect,  and  catch- 
penny puffery.  

It  takes  courage  to  write  a  book 

about  Milton»  in  view  of  the  critical 
and  biographical  literature  already 
existing,  from  Masson's  ponderous  "  Life  "  to  the 
admirable  small  books  by  Mark  Pattison  and  Dr. 
Garnett.  But  the  little  book  by  Professor  W.  P. 
Trent,  entitled  "  John  Milton :  A  Short  Study  of 
His  Life  and  Works  "  (Macmillan)  finds  its  produc- 
tion amply  justified  by  the  generous  enthusiasm  and 
the  fine  critical  sense  which  it  displays.  It  is  a 
panegyric,  but  a  reasoned  one ;  and  its  obvious  sin- 
cerity compels  us  to  accept  a  judgment  which  can, 
when  most  severe,  say  nothing  harsher  than  that 
some  of  Milton's  controversial  writing  is  "  less  edi- 
fying "  than  the  rest  of  his  work,  and  which  de- 
clares of  Milton  at  the  outset  that  "  he  is  the  greatest 
artist,  man  of  letters,  and  ideal  patriot,  that  the 
world  has  ever  known."  The  book  is  particularly 
justified  by  its  solid  treatment  of  the  Latin  poems, 
its  comparative  criticism  of  the  elegiac  verse,  and 
its  well-weighed  comparisons  of  Milton  with  Dante 
and  Shakespeare.  Professor  Trent  is  of  those 
to  whom  the  "  Paradise  Lost "  means  even  more 
than  does  "  The  Divine  Comedy,"  and  who  find  it 
difficult  to  admit  outright  that  even  Shakespeare 
was  the  greater  poet.  We  cannot  go  with  him  quite 
as  far  as  this,  but  we  are  at  one  with  him  in  pro- 
nouncing Milton  "  the  great  idealist  of  our  Anglo- 
Saxon  race,"  and  in  accepting  the  doctrine  of  the 
following  fine  passage  :  "  It  is  this  pure  idealism  of 
his  that  makes  him  by  far  the  most  important  fig- 
ure, from  a  moral  point  of  view,  among  all  Anglo- 
Saxons  ;  for  the  genius  of  the  race  is  practical,  not 
ideal,  —  compromise  is  everywhere  regarded  with 
favor  as  a  working  principle, —  and  the  main  lesson 
we  all  have  to  learn  is  how  to  stand  out  unflinchingly 
for  the  true,  the  beautiful,  and  the  good,  regardless 
of  merely  present  and  practical  considerations.  .  .  . 
A  due  admiration  for  Milton's  unflinching  idealism, 
both  of  thought  and  action,  will  at  least  make  it 
impossible  for  us  to  tolerate  the  charlatanism  of 
compromise."  

The  prefix  "  neo-"  has  still  something 
of  a  v°gue  :  neo-Christians  and  neo- 
Celts  have  not  yet  lost  all  their 
original  brightness.  We  esteem  it,  then,  rather  a 
compliment  to  call  Mr.  Hector  C.  Macpherson  a 
neo-Smithian :  he  would  return  to  the  purity  of  the 
ideas  of  Adam  Smith,  unadulterated  by  the  perver- 
sities of  Malthus  and  Ricardo.  The  volume  on  Smith 
in  the  "  Famous  Scots  "  series  (imported  by  Scrib- 


78 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


ner  )  is  rather  more  on  Smith's  thoughts  than  on 
his  actions  ;  but  this  is  as  it  should  be.  An  emi- 
nent critic  once  remarked  that  people  were  silly 
always  to  ask,  What  are  you  doing?  when  the  really 
important  question  is,  What  are  you  thinking?  It 
does  not  appear  that  Adam  Smith's  life  was  more 
interesting  than  that  of  many  another  man  of  his 
day  :  save  for  his  ideas,  be  was  really  what  Mr. 
Macpherson  says  he  seemed,  "  simply  a  sedate, 
absent-minded  Scotsman,  who  lived  a  humdrum  life 
in  the  region  of  dry  and  forbidding  speculation." 
But  "  The  Wealth  of  Nations  "  is  a  matter  of  inter- 
est, of  how  much  interest,  few  lay  readers  will  sus- 
pect until  they  read  Mr.  Macpherson's  book.  It  is 
an  admirable  study,  a  thoroughly  modern  criticism. 
The  author  speaks  of  it  as  "  the  outcome  of  a  desire 
to  show  the  vitality  of  the  principles  of  Smith's  great 
work,  and  to  trace  their  relations  to  the  fruitful  gen- 
eralizations associated  with  the  Evolution  theory." 
We  should  ourselves  think  the  book  quite  as  much 
the  outcome  of  a  desire  to  show  the  unsound  founda- 
tion of  certain  political  and  commercial  conditions 
of  to-day,  a  pamphlet  against  ultra-imperialism  and 
jingoism  abroad  and  trades-unionism  and  socialism 
at  home,  —  a  pamphlet  meant  for  England,  to  be 
sure  ;  but  we  who  have  also  some  experience  of  the 
conditions  against  which  the  aid  of  Adam  Smith  is 
invoked  will  find  our  own  ideas  stimulated.  Inci- 
dentally, we  may  note  the  author  would  rescue 
Political  Economy  from  the  verbal  vice  of  Carlyle, 
by  demonstrating  that  it  is  not  "  the  dismal  science." 


Spmith  todety 


^  a  ^me  wnen  Spain  has  come  to 
fill  a  larger  place  than  usual  in  our 
8p<miih  fiction.  thoughts,  and  when  the  evil  passions 
excited  by  war  have  provided  a  hospitable  harbor  for 
every  prejudice  against  that  unhappy  country,  there 
is  a  peculiar  value  in  such  a  book  as  "  Contemporary 
Spain  as  Shown  by  her  Novelists  "  (Truslove,  Hanson  , 
&  Comba).  Thanks  to  the  numerous  existing  trans- 
lations, most  readers  know  that,  whatever  her  polit- 
ical shortcomings,  Spain  has  produced  a  group  of 
contemporary  writers  of  fiction  of  which  any  coun- 
try might  be  proud.  Those  who  have  read  the  books 
of  these  novelists  are  aware,  moreover,  that  they 
have  documentary  value  of  a  very  high  sort,  and 
that  from  all  the  hysterical  journalism  of  the  past 
year  there  could  not  be  constructed  so  truthful  a 
panorama  of  the  Spanish  society  of  to-day  as  may 
be  viewed  in  the  pages  of  the  Spanish  novelist*.  It 
was,  then,  distinctly  a  happy  thought  on  the  part  of 
Miss  Mary  W.  Plnmmer  to  prepare  the  little  book 
of  selections  now  under  consideration.  Miss  Plnm- 
mer  has  examined  seventeen  books  by  five  writers  — 
Sefiora  Bazan  and  Seftores  Alarcdn,  Galdtfa,  Vald^s, 
and  Valera  —  and  has  extracted  from  them  such 
passages  as  seem  most  illuminative  of  the  present- 
day  aspects  of  Spanish  life.  These  passages  are 
classified  under  the  heads  of  local  description,  reli- 
gion, politics,  manners  and  customs,  and  society, 
and  make  up  a  highly  interesting  and  instructive 
volume.  The  books  drawn  upon  have  all  been  pub- 


lished during  the  past  quarter-century,  so  that  the 
picture  they  present  is  strictly  modern.  The  Rev. 
Edward  Everett  Hale  contributes  a  brief  introduc- 
tion to  this  book,  which  we  commend  most  heartily, 
both  because  of  its  interest  as  a  study  of  contem- 
porary society,  and  because  it  may  pave  the  way  to  a 
wider  acquaintance  with  the  remarkable  literature 
upon  which  it  is  based. 


A  helpful 
ttudy  of  the 
Renaittnncf. 


If  Miss  Lilian  F.  Field,  in  her  "  Intro- 
duction to  the  Study  of  the  Renais- 
sance "  (Scribner),  had  done  nothing 
more  than  make  it  clear  when  and  where  the  series 
of  movements  gathered  into  the  meaning  of  that 
single  word  took  place,  she  would  deserve  well  of 
the  student.  But  she  does  a  great  deal  more.  It 
is  plain  from  the  most  cursory  glance  at  her  pages 
that  not  only  was  the  Renaissance  a  series  of  phe- 
nomena of  varied  origin  and  scene,  but  that  there 
were  as  many  renaissances  as  there  were  arts,  some- 
times several  within  the  limits  of  a  single  nation  ; 
while  it  is  likely  that  the  English-speaking  peoples 
have  not  had  their  awakening  in  painting  and  sculp- 
ture to  this  day.  This  will  serve  to  strike  down  a 
popular  fancy,  obtained  from  "study  clubs"  and 
the  like,  that  the  movement  was  a  definite  one, 
involving  all  the  beaux  arts  and  capable  of  precise 
and  cogent  treatment  within  narrow  compass.  Once 
it  is  made  clear,  as  Miss  Field  makes  it  clear,  that 
the  word  describes  the  entire  transition  from  the 
middle  ages  to  the  modern  fulness  of  spirit,  and  is 
a  continuing  and  most  highly  diversified  movement 
extending  over  the  whole  field  of  civilization,  it  will 
become  capable  of  a  popular  treatment  that  is  also 
scientific.  The  author  is  careful  to  accent  the  fact 
that  her  volume,  compendious  and  well  written  as  it 
is,  must  be  taken  as  nothing  more  than  a  guide  past 
the  threshold  of  a  very  large  topic  ;  and  her  readers 
are  to  be  congratulated  accordingly. 

M»88  Katharine  Lyttelton's  volume 
of  Selections  from  the  Thoughts  of 
Joubert  (Dodd)  has  a  charming  pre- 
face by  Mrs.  Humphry  Ward,  which  deals  mainly 
with  the  facts  and  relations  of  Joubert's  personal 
life  —  because,  as  Mrs.  Ward  says,  -  the  reader  who 
takes  with  him  the  memory  of  these  personal  inci- 
dents and  affections  will  find,  as  he  turns  to  the 
PensieS)  that  it  interests  them  with  a  new  charm, 
that  it  neutralizes  that  slight  air  of  pedantry  which 
perhaps  such  a  book  must  always  wear  in  the  eyes 
of  after-generations,  and  makes  him  docile  and 
friendly  toward  the  writer  even  when  he  is  most  fine- 
spun or  most  dogmatic."  The  determining  points 
in  the  man's  personal  history  were  his  marriage,  and 
his  two  great  friendships,  the  one  with  Pauline  de 
Beaumont,  the  other  with  Madame  de  Timtimille  ; 
and  these  Mrs.  Ward  treats  with  the  acuteness,  the 
delicacy,  and  the  sympathetic  imagination  which  we 
have  learned  to  expect  of  her.  Turning  to  Miss 
Lyttelton's  work,  we  find  an  admirable  selection, 
and  translation  in  which  the  Gallic  qualities  of  the 


ike  Thoughtt 
o/Joubcrt. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


79 


The  wife  of 
John  Sobifski 
of  Poland. 


original  are  well  preserved.  The  book  is  valuable, 
and  will  be  distinctly  welcome  ;  for  there  are  many 
people  —  perhaps  a  greater  number  than  we  think, 
even  when  we  think  most  sensibly  —  who,  while 
unable  to  read  the  Pensees  in  the  language  in  which 
they  were  written,  are  yet  keenly  alive  to  all  such 
fastidiousness  of  expression  and  all  such  delicate 
wisdom  as  they  contain. 

More  interesting  than  most  histories 
and  far  more  true  than  most  ro- 
mances, the  translation  made  by 
Lady  Mary  Loyd  of  K.  Waliszewski's  "  Mary- 
sienka  "  (Dodd)  affords  excellent  reading,  whether 
for  diversion  or  instruction.  Marie  de  la  Grange 
d'Arquien,  daughter  of  a  French  house,  noble  and 
decadent,  was  taken  in  the  train  of  that  Marie  de 
Gonzague  who  became  the  wife  of  Ladislaw  IV.  of 
Poland.  A  mere  child  at  the  time  of  her  expatria- 
tion, and  a  dependent  child  as  well  through  her 
parents'  poverty,  she  nevertheless  rose  to  be  the 
queen  of  Poland,  having  been  married  to  the  great 
Sobieski.  Her  elevation  in  that  elective  monarchy 
was  due  primarily  to  her  husband's  great  military 
talents,  but  these  —  as  has  happened  so  often  in  his- 
tory —  might  very  well  have  gone  without  the  honor 
of  the  Polish  crown  had  Marysienka  been  less  of  a 
courtier  and  politician.  The  author  has  been  wise 
in  weaving  the  facts  into  a  rapid,  easy  narrative, 
the  charm  of  which  has  been  caught  and  retained  by 
the  translator.  _ 


A  modem  Bases  of  the  Mystic  Knowl- 

interpretation  edge"  (Scribner),  M.  Re'ce'jac  has 
of  Mysticism.  giyen  &  nota},ie  modern  interpreta- 

tion and  vindication  of  mysticism.  The  author  is 
well  acquainted  both  with  the  latest  tendencies  in 
science  and  philosophy  and  with  mediaeval  and  an- 
cient mysticism  ;  he  can  quote  Ribot  and  Tylor  with 
the  same  intelligence  as  St.  Augustine  and  St. 
Francis.  What  is  the  psychic  essence  and  the  real 
significance  of  mysticism,  with  its  intuition  of  God, 
its  symbolism  and  its  ecstacy  ?  The  author's  answer 
is  that  mysticism  as  a  true  factor  in  humanity  is 
purely  subjective,  a  moral  aspiration  which  lifts  man 
to  the  heights  of  real  freedom  and  love,  and  giving 
him  peace  in  the  sense  of  his  being  thus  in  the  Ab- 
solute and  the  Absolute  in  him.  "  The  mystical 
faculty  is  in  reality  the  moral  consciousness  confided 
to  its  own  sole  initiative."  But  symbolism  is  only 
a  language  of  the  imagination,  and  denotes  no  more 
than  the  vision  of  the  artist  as  to  external  realities. 
We  commend  this  essay  on  the  higher  Pantheism  as 
being  eminently  sane,  suggestive,  and  penetrating. 

A  popular  handbook  for  young  col- 
lectors and  students  of  insects  has 
been  a  desideratum  for  many  years. 
Miss  Belle  S.  Cragin's  "  Oar  Insect  Friends  and 
Foes  "  (Putnam)  bids  fair  to  meet  this  need.  It  is 
a  compact  and  yet  very  comprehensive  guide  for 
the  amateur  student  of  insects  and  their  allies,  con- 
taining as  it  does  simple  directions  for  collecting, 


An  amateur's 
handbook 
of  insects. 


Gambling 
as  a  folly 
and  an  art. 


mounting,  and  preserving  insects  of  various  kinds, 
and  plans  for  cases  and  cabinets.  Instructions  are 
also  given  for  field-work  and  the  haunts  and  habits 
of  insects  are  discussed.  The  book  contains  a  brief 
account  of  the  anatomy  of  insects,  both  in  the  adult 
and  larval  stages,  and  a  discussion  of  their  trans- 
formations. The  greater  part  of  the  work  is  taken 
up  with  an  extended  treatment  of  the  various  orders, 
representatives  being  chosen  from  the  more  com- 
mon insects  of  the  United  States.  Over  250  figures 
illustrate  the  text  and  obviate  the  necessity  of  the 
introduction  of  technical  descriptions,  thus  permit- 
ting more  attention  to  the  life  histories  and  habits. 
In  this  feature  especially  the  work  deserves  high 
commendation.  The  system  of  classification  used  is 
up  to  date,  and  the  information  which  the  book  con- 
tains is  trustworthy  and  is  told  in  simple  language. 
The  work  is  well  done  and  admirably  suited  to  its 
purpose,  and  the  book  will  be  a  boon  to  school  and 
public  libraries  as  well  as  to  students  of  the  insect 

world.  

The  author  of  the  book  called  "  The 
Gambling  World  "  (Dodd),  a  well- 
known  writer  on  sporting  topics 
under  the  pen-name  of  "  Rouge  et  Noir,"  has  put 
forth  a  work  which  may  be  taken  as  encyclopaedic 
in  its  scope,  classing  the  various  sorts  of  specula- 
tion, in  stock-markets  and  the  like,  along  with  the 
other  games  of  chance,  differentiating  them  only  by 
showing  that  the  risks  which  are  well  defined  and 
ascertainable  in  ordinary  gambling  defy  computa- 
tion "  on  'Change."  There  is  an  explanation  of  that 
mysterious  something-nothing  commonly  called 
"  luck  "  which  is  exceedingly  ingenious.  Showing 
that  the  whole  limit  of  chance  as  mathematically 
demonstrated  is  equal  to  a  circle  of  wide  circum- 
ference, he  figures  the  impossibility  of  covering  more 
than  a  minute  arc  of  this  within  the  limits  of  a  sin- 
gle lifetime.  Did  one  live  long  enough,  he  argues, 
matters  would  have  equalized  themselves  and  the 
mathematical  law  been  justified ;  as  it  is,  the  unfor- 
tunate segment  of  the  circle  may  fall  to  one  man's 
share,  while  his  neighbor  has  the  compensating  por- 
tion. The  entire  book  is  filled  with  interesting  expe- 
rience, and  is  quite  free  from  that  pseudo- classical 
knowledge  which  disfigures  so  many  works  of  a 
similar  nature.  

A  belated  When  the  tenth  volume  of  the  ad- 

Epoch  of  mirable  series  of  "  Epochs  of  Church 

Church  history.  History  "  was  noticed  in  these  col- 
umns, some  months  since,  the  fact  was  overlooked 
that  the  second  volume  had  not  yet  made  its  appear- 
ance. That  volume  is  now  before  us.  It  is  on  u  The 
Post-Apostolic  Age,"  is  by  the  Rev.  Lucius  Water- 
man, D.D.,  and  has  an  introduction  by  Bishop 
Potter  of  New  York.  It  is  the  largest  of  the  vol- 
umes by  twenty  or  thirty  pages,  and  is  published, 
not  by  the  Christian  Literature  Company,  as  were 
all  the  others,  but  by  Messrs.  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons.  We  have  no  hesitancy  in  regarding  this  be- 
lated volume  as  the  best  of  the  series.  The  Post- 


80 


HIE    DIAL 


[Aug.  1, 


Apostolic  Age  is  not  a  promising  subject  for  a 
book  of  popular  interest ;  but  Dr.  Waterman  has 
succeeded  in  presenting  the  fruits  of  his  wide  re- 
searches among  works  embodying  the  most  recent 
scholarship,  in  such  form  as  to  command  a  fair 
degree  of  attention  and  interest  at  the  end  of  this 
nineteenth  century. 


BRIEFER  MENTION. 


One  of  the  clearest  and  best-arranged  text  books  of 
rhetoric  that  have  come  to  our  notice  is  the  "  Composi- 
tion and  Rhetoric  for  Schools  "  just  published  by  Messrs. 
Scott,  Foresman  &  Co.  It  is  the  joint  work  of  Messrs. 
Robert  Herrick  and  Lindsay  Todd  Damon,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago.  It  provides  preliminary  chapters 
upon  constructive  work,  and  then  proceeds  to  discuss 
usage,  diction,  and  the  rhetorical  laws  of  sentences  and 
paragraphs.  Finally,  the  whole  composition  is  dealt 
with,  and  the  various  forms  of  composition  described. 
Rhetoric  and  composition  go  hand  in  hand  throughout 
the  work,  and  the  exercises  are  chosen  and  grouped 
with  a  skill  evidently  born  of  experience  in  dealing  with 
the  difficulties  of  young  students. 

A  compact  and  attractive  little  book  that  should 
appeal  to  all  intending  visitors  to  the  approaching  Paris 
Exposition  is  "  Lee's  Guide  to  Gay  «  Paree '  and  Every- 
day French  Conversation  "  (Laird  &  Lee).  The  author, 
Prof.  Max  Maury.  has  departed  from  the  usual  prosaic 
manner  of  the  stereotyped  guide-book,  and  writes  in  a 
vivacious  and  entertaining  way  that  makes  his  little 
volume  something  more  than  a  dry  catalogue  of  facts. 
Much  odd  and  out  of  the  way  information  is  given,  and 
the  text  is  supplemented  by  a  number  of  useful  maps 
and  illustrations.  The  volume  is  of  vest-pocket  dimen- 
sions, and  is  serviceably  and  artistically  bound  in 
leather. 

The  "  Source-Book  of  American  History  "  (Mac- 
millan)  which  Dr.  Albert  Bushnell  Hart  has  "  edited 
for  schools  and  readers  "  is  a  volume  that  we  have  ex- 
amined with  close  attention  and  can  commend  with  con- 
fidence. In  about  four  hundred  pages  of  text,  it  finds 
room  for  something  like  one  hundred  and  fifty  examples 
of  the  original  material  of  our  history,  ranging  all  the 
way  from  the  voyages  of  Columbus  to  the  Spanish- 
American  war.  The  selections  are  judiciously  made, 
edited,  and  annotated;  the  introductory  chapters  for 
teachers  are  of  the  most  helpful  sort,  and  the  book  is 
sold  at  so  low  a  price  that  no  secondary  school  in  which 
American  history  is  taught  can  find  a  reasonable  ex- 
cuse for  not  employing  it  as  an  adjunct  to  the  regular 
manual. 

The  "  Lebensgeschichte  "  of  Julian n  Heinrich  Jung, 
genaunt  Stilling,  has  been  edited  by  Mr.  Sigmon  M. 
Stern  for  Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  This  is  a  pecu- 
liarly timely  publication,  in  view  of  the  approaching 
Goethe  anniversary,  and  the  book  is  a  welcome  addition 
to  the  texts  available  for  school  use.  A  "  Second  Year 
in  German,"  by  Mr.  I.  Keller,  is  a  recent  publication  of 
the  American  Book  Co.,  who  also  send  us  a  small  book 
of  "  French  Sight  Reading,"  prepared  by  Mr.  L.  C. 
Rogers.  We  may  mention,  too,  the  neat  text  of  Mol- 
iere's  "  Le  Misanthrope,"  edited  for  Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath 
&  Co.  by  Dr.  Charles  A.  Eggert. 


I    i  1  KKAIIY   NOTES. 

Mr.  Edward  L.  Gulick  is  the  editor  of  "Silas  Mar- 

ner,"  as  published  for  school  use  by  the  Macmillan  Co. 

"The  Cathedral  Church  of  Durham,"  by  Mr.  .1.  E. 

Bygate,  is  published  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  in  "  Bell's 

Cathedral  Series"  of  handbooks. 

Messrs.  Ginn  &  Co.  are  the  publishers  of  a  "  New 
Plane  and  Solid  Geometry,"  by  Messrs.  Wooster  Wood- 
ruff I5fin.ni  and  David  Eugene  Smith. 

A  school  edition  of  "  Kenilworth,"  abridged  and 
edited  by  Miss  Mary  Harriott  Norris,  is  published  by 
the  American  Book  Co.  The  same  firm  issue  ten  selected 
orations  of  Lysias,  edited  by  Dr.  William  H.  Watt,  as  a 
school  text. 

Messrs.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons  are  the  importers  of 
a  handsome  volume  entitled  "Greek  Sculpture  with 
Story  and  Song,"  by  Miss  Albinia  Wherry.  It  is  a  book 
for  young  people  and  for  the  general  reading  public  not 
desirous  of  a  too  technical  and  arch«eological  treatment 
of  the  subject. 

A  handsome  library  edition,  styled  the  "  Thornton," 
of  the  novels  of  the  Bronte  sisters,  edited  by  Mr.  Temple 
Scott,  is  now  in  course  of  publication  by  Messrs.  Downey 
&  Co.  of  London.  "  Agnes  Grey  "  is  the  first  volume 
to  appear.  The  Messrs.  Scribner  are  the  American 
importers  of  this  edition. 

"Drawing  for  Printers,"  by  Mr.  Ernest  Knaufft,  is 
"  a  practical  treatise  on  the  art  of  designing  and  illus- 
trating in  connection  with  typography."  It  is  designed 
for  both  beginners  and  advanced  students,  is  amply 
illustrated,  and  is  a  manual  of  the  most  practically  help- 
ful sort.  It  is  published  by  the  Inland  Printer  Co. 

"  Plant  Relations:  A  First  Book  of  Botany,"  by  Pro- 
fessor John  M.  Coulter,  is  published  by  the  Messrs. 
Appleton  in  their  series  of  "  Twentieth  Century  Text- 
Books."  This  volume  is  devoted  to  the  outlines  of 
ecology,  and  will  be  followed  by  a  companion  work  hav- 
ing morphology  for  its  predominant  subject.  The  text 
is  planned  for  secondary  schools,  and  is  beautifully 
illustrated. 

M  The  Study  of  History  in  Schools,"  being  the  report 
made  to  the  American  Historical  Association  upon  that 
subject  by  the  Committee  of  Seven  appointed  in  1896, 
has  just  been  published  in  a  volume  by  the  Macmillan 
Co.  The  importance  of  the  work  is  sufficiently  guar- 
anteed by  the  names  attached  to  it.  They  include 
Professors  A.  C.  McLaughliu,  H.  B.  Adams,  A.  B.  Hart, 
and  H.  Morse  Stephens. 

The  seventh  volume  to  be  published  in  the  series  of 
"  Literatures  of  the  World,"  as  edited  by  Mr.  Edmund 
Gosse,  is  "  A  History  of  Bohemian  Literature,"  by 
Francis,  Count  Liitzow  (Appleton).  Since  Bohemian 
writers,  excepting  Huss  and  Comenius,  are  all  but  abso- 
lutely unknown  to  English  readers,  the  author  of  this 
volume  has  departed  from  the  general  plan  of  the  series 
in  giving  a  large  amount  of  space  to  translated  extracts. 
Psychology  reduced  to  its  lowest  terms  is  what  we 
find  in  ••  An  Outline  Sketch  of  Psychology  for  Begin- 
ners," issued  by  the  Open  Court  Publishing  Co.  That 
the  work  is  sound  in  principle  and  modern  in  treatment 
may  safely  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  it  is  written 
by  Professor  H.  M.  Stanley.  If  it  be  advisable  (which 
we  doubt)  to  attempt  the  instruction  of  children  in 
psychology,  this  little  manual  of  forty  pages  may  be 
recommended. 


1899.] 


81 


I.IST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

[The  following  list,  containing  56  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY. 

The  Beacon  Biographies.  Edited  by  M.  A.  De Wolfe  Howe. 
First  vols.:  Robert  E.  Lee,  by  William  P.  Trent;  David 
Q.  Farragnt,  by  James  Barnes ;  Daniel  Webster,  by  Nor- 
man Hapgood  ;  Phillips  Brooks,  by  M.  A.  De  Wolfe  Howe ; 
J.  R.  Lowell,  by  Edward  E.  Hale,  Jr.  Each  with  photo- 
gravure portrait,  24mo,  gilt  top,  uncut.  Small,  Maynard, 
&  Co.  Per  vol.,  75  cts. 

Cromwell  as  a  Soldier.  By  Lieut.-Col.  T.  S.  Baldock,  P.S.C. 
With  maps,  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  538.  "Wolseley  Series." 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $6. 

Andrew  Melville.  By  William  Morison.  12mo,  pp.  156. 
"  Famous  Scots."  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  75  cts. 

HISTORY. 

The  History  of  South  Carolina  under  the  Royal  Govern- 
ment, 1719-1776.  By  Edward  McCrady.  With  map,  8vo, 
gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  847.  Macmillan  Co.  $3.50. 

La  Guerre  de  Sept  Ans:  Histoire  Diplomatique  et  Mili- 
taire.  Par  Richard  Waddington.  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  755. 
Paris :  Firmin-Didot  et  Cie.  Paper. 

A  History  of  Westminster  College.  By  Arthur  F.  Leach, 
M.A.  Illns.,  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  564.  Charles  Scribner's 
Sous.  $1.50. 

The  Study  of  History  in  Schools :  Report  to  the  American 
Historical  Association  by  the  Committee  of  Seven.  12mo, 
pp.  267.  Macmillan  Co.  50  cts. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 
The  Sunken  Bell:  A  Fairy  Play  in  Five  Acts.    By  Gerhart 

Hauptmann ;  freely  rendered  into  English  verse  by  Charles 

Henry  Meltzer.    12mo,  uncut,  pp.  125.    R.H.Russell.    $1. 
The  Morality  of  the  Profession  of  Letters.    By  Robert 

Louis  Stevenson.  24mo,  uncut,  pp.  47.  Gouverneur,  N.  Y.: 

Brothers  of  the  Book. 

NEW  EDITIONS  OF  STANDARD  LITERATURE. 

Agnes  Gray.  By  Anne  Bronte  ;  with  a  Memoir  of  her  Sis- 
ters by  Charlotte  Bronte.  "Thornton"  edition;  with 
photogravure  frontispiece,  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  302. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $2. 

Temple  Classics.  New  vol.:  North's  Plutarch's  Lives, 
Vol.  VI.  With  photogravure  frontispiece,  24mo,  gilt  top, 
uncut,  pp.  358.  Macmillan  Co.  50  cts. 

Cassell's  National  Library,  New  Series.  New  vols.:  Scott's 
The  Lady  of  the  Lake,  Macaulay's  Warren  Hastings, 
Addison's  Essays  and  Tales,  Goldsmith's  Comedies, 
Carlyle's  Essays  on  Burns  and  Scott,  Franklin's  Auto- 
biography. Each  24mo.  Cassell  &  Co.,  Ltd.  Per  vol., 
paper,  10  cts. 

POETRY. 

Myth  and  Romance :  Being  a  Book  of  Verses.  By  Madison 
Cawein.  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  85.  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons.  $1.25. 

FICTION. 

In  Castle  and  Colony.  By  Emma  Rayner.  12mo,  gilt  top, 
uncut,  pp.  467.  H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.  $1.50. 

Rupert,  by  the  Grace  of  God—:  The  Story  of  an  Unre- 
corded Plot  Set  Forth  by  Will  Fortescue.  Edited  and  re- 
vised by  Dora  Greenwell  McChesney.  With  frontispiece, 
8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  355.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50. 

Agatha  Webb.  By  Anna  Katharine  Green.  12mo,  pp.  360. 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  81.25. 

The  Kingdom  of  Hate:  A  Romance.  By  T.  Gallon.  12mo, 
pp.  307.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.  $1.;  paper,  50  cts. 

A  Silent  Singer.  By  Clara  Morris.  12mo,  pp.  308.  Bren- 
tano's.  $1.25. 

The  Untold  Half.  By  "Alien."  12mo,  pp.  373.  G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons.  $1.25  ;  paper,  50  cts. 

Equality.  By  Edward  Bellamy.  Popular  edition.  With 
portrait  and  biographical  sketch ;  12mo,  pp.  412.  D. 
Appleton  &  Co.  Paper,  50  cts. 

A  Ducal  Skeleton :  A  Story  of  the  Time.  By  Heloise  Durant 
Rose.  12mo,  pp.  252.  F.  Tennyson  Neely.  $1.25. 

Queer  Luck :  Poker  Stories  from  the  New  York  Sun.  By 
David  A.  Curtis.  16mo,  uncut,  pp.  235.  Brentano's.  $1. 


The  Arcadians.    By  H.  C.  Minchin.    12mo,  uncut,  pp.  151. 

Oxford,  England :  B.  H.  Blackwell. 
Pabo,  the  Priest.  By  S.  Baring-Gould.  12mo,  pp.  274.  F.  A. 

Stokes  Co.    50  cts. 
The  Ides  of  March.  By  Florie  Willingham  Pickard.  12mo, 

pp.  232.    F.  Tennyson  Neely.    $1. 

NEW  VOLUMES  IN  THE  PAPER  LIBRARIES. 

F.  Tennyson  Neely's  Universal  Library:  The  Caruthers 
Affair.  By  Will  N.  Harben.  12rao,  pp.  224.  25  cts. 

Street  &  Smith's  Eagle  Library:  A  Crushed  Lily.  By 
Mrs.  Alex.  McVeigh  Miller.  12mo,  pp.  214. —  Half  a 
Truth.  By  A  Popular  Author.  12mo,  pp.  243.  —  A  Fair 
Revolutionist.  By  St.  George  Rathborne.  12mo,  pp.  320. 
Per  vol.,  10  cts. 

F.  Tennyson  Neely's  Author's  Library:  Out  of  Nazareth. 
By  Charles  R.  Hardy.  12mo,  pp.  97.— In  the  Maelstrom. 
By  A.  Estelle  Mather.  12mo,  pp.  110.  Per  vol.,  10  cts. 

THEOLOGY  AND  RELIGION. 

Holy  Baptism.  By  Darwell  Stone,  M.A.  12mo.  uncut, 
pp.  303.  "Oxford  Library  of  Practical  Theology."  Long- 
mans, Green,  &  Co.  $1.50. 

An  Introduction  to  the  Fifth  Book  of  Hooker's  Treatise 
of  the  Laws  of  Ecclesiastical  Polity.  By  the  Very  Rev. 
Francis  Paget,  D.D.  Large  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  265.  Oxford 
University  Press. 

A  Handbook  of  Comparative  Religion.  By  Rev.  S.  H. 
Kellogg,  D.D.  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  179.  Philadelphia: 
Westminster  Press. 

The  Fundamental  Ideas  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church, 
Explained  and  Discussed  for  Protestants  and  Catholics. 
By  Frank  Hugh  Foster,  Ph.D.  12mo,  pp.  366.  Presby- 
terian Board  of  Publication. 

The  First  Epistle  of  John ;  or,  God  Revealed  in  Life,  Light, 
and  Love.  By  Robert  Cameron.  12mo,  pp.  274.  Phila- 
delphia: A.  J.  Rowland.  $1.25. 

The  Conversion  of  the  Maoris.  By  the  Rev.  Donald  Mac- 
Dougall,  B.D.  Illus.,  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  216.  Philadelphia : 
Presbyterian  Board  of  Publication.  $1.25. 

Things  that  Make  a  Man.  By  Robert  E.  Speer.  16mo, 
pp.  28.  Philadelphia :  Westminster  Press.  Paper. 

SCIENCE. 
The  Races  of  Europe :  A  Sociological  Study.    By  William 

Z.  Ripley,  Ph.D.    In  2  vols.,  illus.,  8vo.    D.  Appleton  & 

Co.    $6. 
Authority  and  Archaeology,  Sacred  and  Profane :  Essays 

on  the  Relation  of  Monuments  to  Biblical  and  Classical 

Literature.     By  various  writers ;   edited  by  David  G. 

Hogarth.    8vo,  uncut,  pp.  440.    Scribner's  Sons.    $5. 
Naturalism  and  Agnosticism :  Giff ord  Lectures  Delivered 

before  the  University  of  Aberdeen,  1896-98.     By  James 

Ward,  Sc.D.    In  2  vols.,  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut.    Macmillan 

Co.    $4. 

BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG. 
When  Grandmamma  Was  New :  The  Story  of  a  Virginia 

Childhood.    By  Marion  Harland.    Illns.,  12mo,  pp.  305. 

Lothrop  Publishing  Co.    $1.25. 
Uncle  Sam's  Soldiers:  A  Story  of  the  War  with  Spain.   By 

Oscar  Phelps  Austin.    Illus.  in  colors,  etc.,  12mo,  pp.  346. 

"  Home  Reading  Books."    D.  Appleton  &  Co.    75  cts. 
Stick-and-Pea  Plays:  Pastimes  for  the  Children's  Year. 

By  Charles  Stuart  Pratt.    Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  112.    Lothrop 

Publishing  Co.    75  cts. 

EDUCATION— BOOKS  FOR  SCHOOL  AND 
COLLEGE. 

Educational  Aims  and  Educational  Values.  By  Paul 
H.  Hanns.  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  211.  Macmillan 
Co.  $1. 

New  Plane  and  Solid  Geometry.  By  Wooster  Woodruff 
Beman  and  David  Eugene  Smith.  12mo,  pp.  382.  Ginn 
&Co.  $1.35. 

Ten  Orations  of  Cicero.  With  Selections  from  the  Let- 
ters. Edited  by  William  R.  Harper,  Ph.D.,  and  Frank 
A.  Gallup,  A.B.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  566.  American  Book 
Co.  $1.30. 

Jung-Stilling's  Lebensgeschichte.  Von  Sigmon  M.  Stern. 
12mo,  pp.  285.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  $1.20. 

Lysias:  Ten  Selected  Orations.  Edited  by  William  H.  Wait, 
Ph.D.  With  portrait,  12mo,  pp.  240.  American  Book  Co. 
$1.25. 


82 


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Plant  Life:  A  First  Book  of  Botany.     67  John  M.  Coulter. 

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Clay  Modelling- for  Schools.     By  Anna  M.  Holland.    Ulna., 

Kvo,  pp.  90.    Ginn  A  Co.    80  oU. 
Psychology    for   Beginners:    An   Outline    Sketch.      By 

Hiram  M.  Stanley.     1-mo,  pp.  44.     Open  Court  I'U\>'K 

Co.    40  ot>. 
George  Eliot's  Silas  Marner.    Edited  by  E.  L.  Oaliok. 

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83 


A  fresh  and  original  contribution  to  political  economy SYRACUSE  HERALD. 

Pauperizing  the  Rich. 

By  ALFRED  J.  FERRIS. 

In  the  short  time  since  it  appeared  this  book  has  been  universally  recognized  as  opening  a  new 

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12mo,  Cloth,  pp.  432.     Price,  $1.25. 

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[Aug.  1,  1899. 


SECONDARY  ENGLISH  TEXTS 


A  Thoroughly  Modern  and  Practical 
Text-Book  in 

Composition  and  Rhetoric 
for  Schools 

By  ROBERT  HERRICK.  A.B.,  and    LINDSAY  TODD 

DAMON,  A.  B.,  both  of  the  Department  of 

English,  The  University  of  Chicago. 


This  book  embodies  the  most  recently  accepted 
method  in  English  teaching  in  secondary  schools. 
It  has  some  distinctive  features. 

INVENTIONAL  WORK  in  shaping  and  ar- 
ranging thought  receives  the  first  attention.  The 
student  is  aided  in  discovering  and  developing  his 
powers  of  expression  both  by  the  skilful  directions 
of  the  book  and  by  the  work  of  theme-writing.  The 
criticism  of  themes  is  at  first  suggestive,  not  re- 
pressive and  discouraging.  Genuine  interest  and 
self-confidence  will  follow  this  method  of  work, 
and  the  student  will  rapidly  mature  the  power  of 
written  expression. 

RHETORICAL  THEORY  as  such  is  not  pre- 
sented until  the  second  part  of  the  book,  where  it 
is  taken  up  systematically.  The  study  of  good  use 
in  words,  of  diction,  and  of  the  rhetorical  laws  of 
the  sentence  and  the  paragraph,  is  followed  by  a 
general  review  of  literary  laws  as  applied  to  the 
whole  composition. 

THE  EXERCISES  present  many  original  and 
valuable  features.  They  are  suggestive,  interest- 
ing, carefully  chosen  as  to  subject  matter,  and 
within  the  range  of  the  average  student's  experi- 
ence and  knowledge. 

"  The  arrangement  and  method  please  me  exceed- 
ingly. The  freshness  of  the  illustrations,  the  order  of 
subjects  treated  in  Part  I.,  the  plan  of  the  book  as  a 
whole,  commend  it  especially."  —  Professor  W.  £. 
SlMONDS,  Knox  College,  Galesburg,  III. 

"  The  book  commends  itself  to  me  as  wholly  admir- 
able in  arrangement,  method,  and  style  of  treatment. 
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the  beginning  work  should  stimulate  invention  in  com- 
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criticism  of  details  should  come  later.  I  shall  put  the 
book  on  the  list  of  books  recommended  by  the  English 
Department  to  preparatory  schools  fitting  for  Welles- 
ley." — S.  C.  HART,  Auociate  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and 
Acting  Head  of  Engluh  Department,  Wellesley  College. 

Cloth,  476  pages,  with  full  Index  and  Synopsis  for 
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THE 


Jl  SEMI -MONTHLY  JOURNAL  OF 

Crttinsm,  gismssbn,  atttr  Information. 


EDITED  BY         )  Volume  XXVII. 
FRANCIS  F.  BROWNE.  <         No.  316. 


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This  last  work  by  the  greatest  American  author  of  this  decade 

has  been  published  a  short  time  only,  but  it  is 

already  in  its  eighteenth  thousand. 


BY  HAROLD  FREDERIC. 


"  The  most  fascinating  book  Mr.  Frederic  ever  wrote.  '  The  Market-Place ' 
is  a  novel  combining  power  in  its  plan  and  portrayal  of  character  with  a  literary 
style  that  is  uniformly  engaging" — PHILADELPHIA  PRESS. 


EIGHTEENTH  THOUSAND. 
THE  MARKET=  PLACE. 


"It  is  hard  to  refuse  Harold  Frederic  a  claim  to  genius"  -CINCINNATI 
COMMERCIAL-TRIBUNE. 

"  One  of  the  most  notable  books  of  the  year"  —  MAIL  AND  EXPRESS. 


BY  HAROLD  FREDERIC. 


This  novel  is  intensely  human."   -  NEWARK  DAILY  ADVERTISER. 
A  strong  and  intensely  interesting  story"  —  CHICAGO  EVENING  POST. 


With  excellent  Illustrations  by  Harrison  Fisher. 
12mo,  cloth.    Price,  $1.50. 


FREDERICK  A.  STOKES  COMPANY,  PUBLISHERS, 

5  &  7  EAST  SIXTEENTH  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 


86 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16,  1899. 


ELEVENTH   EDITION.    SEVENTIETH   THOUSAND. 

"Must  be  put  among  the  best  of  recent  American  historical  novel*" —  SPRINGFIELD  REPUBLICAN. 

RICHARD   CARVEL 


Published 
June  1. 


By  Winston  Churchill. 


Cloth. 
Price,  $1.50. 


"  Mr.  Churchill  knows  his  London  of  the  last  cen- 
tury thoroughly,  just  a>  he  knows  the  province  of  Mary- 
land, where  the  spirit  of  revolution  is  slowly  but  surely 
developing.  .  .  .  Goldsmith  dots  not  give  a  more  vivid 
description  of  the  debtor1!  jail  or  De  Quincey  of  the  piti- 
less heart  of  the  metropolis  than  is  found  in  the  volume 
before  us." — Indianapolis  Sentinel. 

"This  novel  is  the  most  extensive  piece  of  semi- 
historical  fiction  which  has  yet  come  from  an  American 
hand;  and  the  skill  with  which  the  materials  have 
been  handled  justifies  the  largeness  of  the  plan." — 
HAMILTON  MABIE  in  the  New  York  Times. 


"  To  say  that  it  reminds  us  of  '  The  Virginians '  is  to 
make  an  audacious  comparison,  but  one  which  will  nat- 
rally  occur  to  many  readers.  That  '  Richard  Carvel ' 
is  able  to  stand  the  comparison  is  a  great  feather  in  Mr. 
Churchill1*  cap.  ...  In  short,  this  is  a  strong  and 
notable  novel."  —  The  News  and  Courier  (Charleston, 
S.  C.)- 

"  The  charm  of  the  book,  which  is  very  great,  lies  in 
the  vividness  of  its  pictures  of  the  life  of  London  and 
the  colonies  in  those  picturesque  days.  The  characters 
are  alive.  One  feels  as  if  conning  the  pages  of  some  old 
volume  of  the  'Spectator.'" —  Washington  Times. 


BRILLIANT  PICTURES  OF  COLONIAL  LIFE. 


"  The  young  writer,  with  his  head  full  of  the  great 
romances,  is  tempted  to  emulate  them  all,  to  excel  by 
piling  up  merits.  Thus,  the  author  of '  Richard  Carvel,' 
in  setting  out  to  write  a  romance  of  the  American  Revo- 
lution, has  boldly  vied  with  the  author  of '  Kidnapped '  in 
the  usurping  uncle  and  the  kidnapping  of  Richard  by  the 
slaver,  with  the  author  of1  The  Virginians '  in  his  pictures 
of  the  colonial  gentry  and  the  visit  of  the  young  colonial 
to  the  fashionable  life  of  London,  with  the  author  of'  Henry 
Esmond '  in  the  description  of  a  reigning  London  beauty, 
with  the  romancers  of  the  sea  in  the  fight  of  John  Paul 
Jones  with  the  slaver  and  with  the  Serapis." —  Spring- 
Jield  Republican. 

" '  Richard  Carvel '  may  in  time  become  a  classic  of 
Maryland's  romantic  history." —  The  Bookman. 


"The  style  achieves  the  direct,  smart,  frank,  quaint 
vigor  of  the  old  times  which  so  many  have  unsuccess- 
fully attempted." —  Boston  Transcript. 

"  Cooper,  in  '  The  Spy,'  was  the  first  to  show  the  wealth 
of  interesting  material  in  the  Revolution,  and  his  broadly 
blazed  trail  has  been  followed  in  recent  years  with  great 
success  by  Dr.  Weir  Mitchell,  Archdeacon  Brady,  and 
J.  A.  Altsheler.  .  .  .  To  this  small  circle  of  writers  of 
American  historical  romance  must  now  be  added  Winston 
Churchill." —  San  Francisco  Chronicle. 

"  Mr.  Churchill  has  done  that  almost-impossible  thing, 
in  introducing  historical  personages  into  a  work  of  fic- 
tion and  vitalizing  them  so  that  they  seem  very  flesh 
and  blood,  and  not  mere  shadows." —  St.  Louis  Globe- 
Democrat. 


A  PERMANENT  ADDITION  TO  AMERICAN  LITERATURE. 


M  It  is  a  further  cause  for  congratulation  that  one 
more  of  our  younger  school  of  writers  has  been  able  to 
add  another  volume  to  the  shelf,  so  vigorous,  so  delicate 
in  fancy,  so  sentient  with  the  qualities  which  make  life 
worth  living  as '  Richard  Carvel '  is.  It  is  a  great  story." 
—  The  Brooklyn  Eagle. 

"  It  contains  besides  a  score  of  characters  which  are 
worth  remembering,  and  a  few  which  one  could  not 
forget  if  one  should  try." —  Commercial  Advertiser  (New 
York). 

'•  The  adoption  of  the  autobiographic  form,  the  good- 
natured  diffuseness  of  the  story,  the  antique  nobility  of 
the  style,  as  well  as  the  locality,  remind  the  reader  of 
'Henry  Esmond.'" — Picayune  (New  Orleans). 

"There  is,  indeed,  an  indescribable  charm  about  all  the 
author's  sketches  of  London  celebrities." — Philadelphia 
Evening  Telegraph. 


"  It  is  a  daring  thing  that  Winston  Churchill  has  done 
in  his  novel,  '  Richard  Carvel,'  to  tread  the  path  made 
smooth  by  Thackeray,  and,  withal,  to  do  it  so  well  that 
one  is  forced  to  admire  the  resemblance.  .  .  .  The  interest 
in  the  story  never  Hags,  whether  the  scene  is  the  Lon- 
don of  Walpole's  day,  Maryland  of  Lord  Baltimore's 
day,  or  on  the  sea.  Dorothy  Manners  is  nearly  if  not 
quite  as  lovable  as  Beatrice  Esmond,  for  she  has  the 
saving  grace  of  honesty,  and  as  for  Richard  Carvel,  he 
is  quite  as  much  a  hero  in  London  as  was  •  The  Vir- 
ginian,' for  he  compelled  respect,  which  Thackeray's 
America  and  London  was  not  always  able  to  do.  This 
is  the  best- written  novel  we  have  seen  for  a  long  time, 
and  really  deserves  all  the  success  it  attains." —  The 
Indianapolis  News. 

"  '  Richard  Carvel '  is  one  of  the  most  brilliant  works 
of  imagination  of  the  decade." —  Philadelphia  Press. 


RICHARD  CARVEL.    By  Winston  Churchill. 


THE   MACMILLAN   COMPANY,  PUBLISHERS,  NEW  YORK. 


THE  DIAL 

Snrn-iWontfjIg  Journal  of  fLiteratg  Crtttctam,  IBtscugsion,  antu  Information. 


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THE  DIAL,  Fine  Arts  Building,  Chicago. 

No.  316.         AUGUST  16,  1899.  Vol.XXVII. 


CONTENTS. 


A  YEAR  OF  CONTINENTAL  LITERATURE,  II.  .    87 

POET,   ARTIST -MANUFACTURER,    AND    SO- 
CIALIST.   E.G.J. 90 

THE  ENDLESS  EPIC  QUESTION.   Albert  H.  Tolman    94 

STUDIES    IN    COLONIAL    ARCHITECTURE. 

Dvright  H.  Perkins 97 

CONGRESSIONAL  REGULATION  OF  COMMERCE. 

James  O.  Pierce 98 

PEACE,  WAR,  AND  HISTORY.     Wallace  Bice  .    .    99 
Johnston's  History  Up  to  Date. — Stead's  The  United 
States  of  Europe.  —  McCabe  and  Darien's  Can  We 
Disarm  ?  —  Farrer's  The  New  Leviathan.  —  True- 
blood's  The  Federation  of  the  World. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 101 

Experiences  of  a  Texas  Ranger.  —  The  literary  his- 
tory of  Ireland.  —  Who 's  Who  in  America.  —  The 
new  periodical  de  luxe.  —  A  modern  pastoral.  — 
Women  and  golf. —  Stars  and  Telescopes.  —  Ballads 
for  book- lovers.  —  A  composite  life  of  Gladstone. 

LITERARY  NOTES 103 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  104 


A   YEAR    OF  CONTINENTAL 

LITERATURE. 

n. 


Continuing  from  our  last  issue  the  summary, 
based  upon  reports  written  for  the  London 
"  Athenaeum,"  of  the  literary  productivity  of 
the  past  year  in  Continental  Europe,  we  now 
present  the  facts  of  chief  importance  for  Hun- 
gary, Italy,  Norway,  Poland,  Russia,  and  Spain. 
The  writers  who  have  furnished  them  are,  re- 
spectively, Herr  Leopold  Katscher,  Signer 
Guido  Biagi,  Herr  C.  Brinchmann,  Professor 
Adam  Belcikowski,  Mr.  Constantine  Balmont, 
and  Don  Rafael  Altamira. 

"  Hitherto,"  says  the  writer  upon  Hungarian 


literary  affairs,  "  I  have  never  had  to  dwell  at 
any  length  upon  books  on  art,  for  the  simple 
reason  that  our  writers  have  been  persistently 
neglectful  of  this  branch  of  literature.  Within 
the  last  twelvemonth  their  views  seem  to  have 
changed,  for  the  output  of  art  books  has  per- 
haps been  far  greater  than  ever  before,  and  is 
all  the  more  striking  as  it  includes  the  two 
most  important  publications  of  the  whole  season. 
First  stands  '  Italia,'  an  attractive  —  externally 
and  internally  attractive  —  volume  of  studies 
in  Italian  art  by  Mr.  Albert  Berzeviczy."  Sec- 
ond comes  the  two  folio  volumes  on  "Hunga- 
rian Art  Treasures,"  edited  by  Mr.  E.  de 
Radisics.  Three  volumes  are  yet  to  come,  and 
Mr.  Jokai  introduces  the  publication.  History 
comes  next  on  the  list,  and  the  writer  notes 
progress  in  several  important  many-volumed 
undertakings,  besides  announcing  the  "  Great 
Illustrated  History  of  the  World,"  a  collabo- 
rative publication  in  twelve  volumes,  under  the 
editorship  of  Mr.  Henrik  Marczali.  Fiction 
embraces  the  "  Story  of  a  Girl,"  by  Mr.  F. 
Herczeg  ;  "  The  Silver  Goal,"  by  Mr.  Brody  ; 
"  Uneven  Wednesdays,"  by  Mr.  Szomahazy  ; 
and  "  Autumn  Hunting,"  by  Mr.  Arpad  Berc- 
zik.  The  latter,  who  is  also  a  successful  writer 
of  comedies,  "  takes  his  subjects  from  common- 
place life  ;  this  offers  quite  enough  matter  for 
banter.  He  is  a  serene,  smiling,  quiet  observer, 
who  takes  Horace's  advice,  tidendo  dicere 
verum,  and  he  invariably  writes  in  the  most 
amiable  style."  He  has  also  produced  this 
year  a  comedy,  "  Himfy's  Songs,"  in  his  best 
style.  Other  dramatic  works  are  two  by  Mr. 
Jokai,  and  two  by  Mr.  Herczeg.  Allied  with 
this  subject  are  Mr.  Joseph  Bayer's  "  History 
of  Hungarian  Dramatic  Literature  "  and  Mr. 
Sziiry's  "  Dramatic  Impressions,"  dealing 
chiefly  with  Shakespeare.  Mr.  Albert  Popipi's 
"  Byron  and  Shelley  "  shows,  at  least,  that  the 
interest  of  Hungarians  in  English  literature  is 
not  confined  to  our  greatest  poet. 

The  year's  literary  harvest  in  Italy,  we  are 
told  at  the  outset,  has  been  neither  prosperous 
nor  abundant.  "  Hailstorms  and  drought  have 
ruined  the  crops  and  impeded  the  productive- 
ness of  the  soil,  restricting  the  yield  almost 
entirely  to  learned  works  or  occasional  writ- 
ings." The  riots  of  a  year  ago,  and  the  various 
centenaries  of  the  past  twelvemonth  have  been 


88 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


partly  responsible  for  this  result.  "  We  have 
commemorated  Amerigo  Vespucci  and  Paolo 
Toscanelli,  Savonarola,  Leopardi,  Moretto  of 
Brescia,  Bernini,  and  these  celebrations  have 
involved  a  shower  of  speeches,  biographical 
writings,  critical  studies  and  occasional  mono- 
graphs which  now  take  the  place  of  those  poems 
under  which,  in  former  times,  the  printing- 
presses  used  to  groan,  substituting  for  the 
Arcadia  of  poetry  another  boredom,  the  Ar- 
cadia of  erudition." 

"  The  Italo- American  centenary  dedicated  to  Tosca- 
nelli and  Vespucci  baa  produced  one  good  volume,  the 
'  Life  of  Amerigo  Vespucci,'  written  originally  by  Signer 
A.  M.  fiandini,  published  under  the  superintendence  of 
the  committee  for  the  Florence  celebrations.  The  Sa- 
vonarola centenary,  besides  the  annual  flowering  of  roses 
in  the  Piazza  della  Signoria  (on  the  day  of  the  historic 
bonfire),  has  produced  the  excellent  selection  from  the 
works  of  Savonarola  published  by  Professor  Villari  and 
Signer  E.  Casanova,  to  which  volume  the  publishers 
hare  added  the  '  Cronaca '  of  Filipepi,  the  brother  of 
Alessandro  Botticelli,  a  new  and  important  document 
of  the  Reformer's  times.  The  Leopardi  centenary  has 
yielded  a  still  better  harvest.  Apart  from  the  speeches 
I  should  mention  some  publications  of  prime  importance 
for  the  study  of  the  poet  of  Recanati:  in  the  first  place, 
Signer  Giosue  Carducci's  volume, '  Form  and  Spirit  in  the 
Poems  of  Giacomo  Leopardi,'  and  in  the  next,  Signor 
Federioo  di  Roberto's  psychological  study  entitled '  Leo- 
pardi,' which  is  in  reality  the  history  of  a  soul  —  the  soul 
of  the  unhappy  poet.  We  have  also  the  long-expected 
'  Pensieri  Inediti  di  G.  Leopardi,'  edited  by  a  government 
commission  from  MSS.  formerly  in  the  possession  of 
Antonio  Ranieri,  claimed  by  the  government  on  grounds 
of  public  utility.  Three  volumes  of  these  '  Pensieri ' 
have  already  seen  the  light,  and  seven  more  are  to  fol- 
low. This  work,  hitherto  unknown,  reveals  the  whole 
development  of  the  poet's  mind ;  it  forms,  as  it  were,  a 
forest  of  thoughts  and  reflections  which  are  the  raw 
material  of  the  work  afterwards  matured  and  polished 
by  Leopardi  in  such  artistic  perfection. 

Just  now  in  Italy,  lectures  and  public  readings 
take  the  place  of  books  for  many  people. 

"  A  most  intimate  friend  of  mine  affirms  that  the  lec- 
ture is  the  bicycle  of  literature:  it  has  created  a  sportive 
literature,  a  literature  of  diversion,  easily  digested,  and 
often  limited  in  aim.  Time  was  when  Italy  was  the 
country  of  academies;  a  century  ago  they  were  counted 
by  hundreds.  Now  it  threatens  to  become  the  classic 
land  of  lectures.  ...  At  Florence,  for  the  last  ten 
years,  there  has  been  going  on  a  series  of  lectures  on 
'  La  Vita  Italiana  '  at  various  periods,  beginning  with 
the  least  known  of  medieval  times.  The  most  illus- 
trious Italian  men  of  letters,  and  some  foreigners,  includ- 
ing Symonds  and  •  Vernon  Lee,'  have  contributed  to  this 
work,  which,  carrying  out  a  design  prepared  beforehand 
by  the  promoting  committee,  constitutes  a  complete 
course  on  the  history  of  Italian  culture,  and  which,  pub- 
lished in  volume  form,  is  now  in  the  hands  of  all  —  of  pu- 
pils in  secondary  schools  as  well  as  of  private  students." 

Dante  has  by  no  means  been  neglected  in  these 
lectures,  and  the  following  statement  is  ex- 
tremely interesting : 


"The  Florentine  committee  of  the  Italian  Dante 
Society  has  renewed,  in  the  historic  ball  of  Or  San 
Mil-hell-  —  now  dedicated  to  Dante  —  the  reading  and 
explanation  of  the  '  Divina  Commedia,'  which  began  in 
the  poet's  own  city  by  Boccaccio  in  1373,  and  ceased 
fifteen  years  ago,  with  the  death  of  Father  G.  B.  Giu- 
liani. Every  Thursday  from  November  to  June,  a  canto 
of  the  poem  is  read  and  explained  —  every  time  by  a 
fresh  commentator.  The  first  canto,  after  the  expla- 
nation, was  recited  by  Signor  Tommaso  Salvini.  The 
best-known  Dante  scholars,  such  as  Signori  Pio  Rajna, 
Guido  Mazzoni,  Corrado  Ricci,  have  recently  inaugu- 
rated this  new  Dante  professorship.  In  next  November 
and  the  following  months  the  readings  will  be  given 
by  Signori  Carducci,  Del  Luugo,  Panzacchi,  Casini,  and, 
in  short,  the  most  illustrious  men,  who  count  it  an  honour 
to  render  this  homage  to  the  poet  and  the  Baptist's  city." 

Critical  literature  is  chiefly  represented  by 
studies  in  Dante  from  the  hands  of  Signor  Pio 
Rajna  and  Signor  Nidoro  del  Lungo,  by  Pro- 
fessor Lisio's  edition  of  the  "  Principe,"  and 
by  Signor  Carducci's  edition  of  the  "  Rime  " 
of  Petrarch.  The  latter  is  "  a  work  gathering 
up  the  results  of  forty  years'  study  of  Petrarch, 
completed  by  the  poet  with  admirable  perse- 
verance —  a  work  indeed  above  the  average, 
both  in  its  method  and  in  its  abundant  stores 
of  learning,  sifted  and  discussed  with  critical 
and  artistic  taste.  No  one  will  henceforth  care 
to  read  Petrarch  except  under  the  guidance  of 
Carducci."  Classical  studies  have  been  numer- 
ous, and  the  interest  taken  in  them  at  the  pres- 
ent time  is  well  illustrated  by  the  following : 

"  Very  curious  is  a  bi-monthly  published  at  Rome 
(bis  in  mense  prodit)  under  the  title  of  <  Vox  Urbis,' 
written  entirely  in  Latin.  The  editor  prefers  prose 
writings  (soluta  oratione);  those  in  verse  (numeris  fusa) 
are  condemned  to  the  waste-paper  basket,  which  here 
appears  as  cistellula.  This  shows  that  the  love  of  Latin 
is  not  dead  among  us,  and  this  is  confirmed  by  another 
circumstance,  still  more  grotesque:  the  'Ri vista d'ltalia' 
publishes  an  elegant  Latin  ode  by  the  octogenarian 
Senator  G.  B.  Giorgini  under  the  title  '  In  Bicyclettam.' " 

In  miscellaneous  literature  there  is  a  second 
volume  of  General  della  Rocca's  autobiography, 
and  a  volume  by  Signor  de  Amicis,  entitled 
"  La  Carrozza  di  Tutti,"  which  studies  "  the 
physiology  of  city  life  as  it  can  be  observed 
from  a  tramcar."  The  best  verse  of  the  year 
is  found  in  volumes  by  Signori  Angelo  Orvieto 
and  Alfredo  Baccelli.  Novels  and  short  stories 
of  any  value  are  almost  non-existent.  As  for 
the  stage,  all  other  interests  are  overshadowed 
by  that  taken  in  Signor  d'Annunzio's  "  La 
Giooonda."  In  this  play  the  author  "  has 
striven  to  bring  back  poetry  where  a  grotesque 
realism  has  prevailed  too  long.  A  noble  at- 
tempt, but  the  stage  is  the  realm  of  the  probable, 
and  often  —  not  to  say  always  —  poetry  departs 
from  truth  and  appears  improbable  and  absurd." 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


89 


Herr  Bjornson's  powerful  drama,  "  Paul 
Lange  and  Tora  Parsberg  "  has  been  the  great 
event  of  the  twelvemonth  in  Norway. 

"  Admirably  adapted  for  scenic  representation  though 
it  be,  it  has  as  yet  not  been  produced  on  any  stage  in 
Norway,  though  it  has  been  played  several  times  in 
Germany.  The  obvious  reason  of  this  is,  of  course,  that, 
through  the  inevitable  publicity  attending  all  social 
events  in  our  small  community,  too  abnormal  a  sensation 
was  called  forth  by  the  fact  that  the  principal  character 
of  the  play  is  a  but  thinly  veiled  impersonation  of  a  well- 
known  politician,  who  some  years  ago  committed  suicide 
during  a  political  crisis  intensified,  and  all  but  brought 
to  a  point,  by  the  author  of  this  drama." 

The  writer  cannot  restrain  his  enthusiasm  for 
this  remarkable  work,  saying  further  of  the 
hero  that "  to  this  highly  finished  study  of  char- 
acter the  author  has  brought  all  his  knowledge 
of  human  nature  and  eager  sympathy,"  and  of 
the  heroine  that  she  "  may  be  considered  the 
finest  womanly  character  in  modern  literature." 
In  another  way  the  year  is  important  for  dra- 
matic art  since  it  has  just  witnessed  the  open- 
ing of  the  new  National  Theatre  of  Christiania. 
This  will  be  "  the  special  home  of  Norwegian 
plays,"  and  has  already  acquired  the  right  of 
production  for  the  new  piece  by  Dr.  Ibsen, 
promised  for  the  coming  autumn.  The  only 
other  books  that  we  need  mention  are  "  Byens 
Fffidre,"  by  Herr  E.  Kraemmer;  "Fugl  Fonix," 
by  Herr  G.  Scott ;  "  Hugormen,"  by  Herr 
H.  E.  Kinck  ;  «  Afkom,"  by  Fru  A.  Skram  ; 
"  Trondere,"  by  Herr  P.  Egge  ;  "  Vestlands- 
viser,"  by  Herr  V.  Krag ;  "  Digte,"  by  Herr 
T.  Andersen  ;  "  Norske  Digte  og  Digtere,"  by 
Herr  J.  Bing ;  and  Herr  Kjaer's  revised  and 
critical  edition  of  the  comedies  of  Holberg. 

Polish  literature  has  little  to  report  of  inter- 
est to  the  outside  world.  "  Mr.  Sienkiewicz 
has  not  yet  completed  his  great  historical  ro- 
mance '  The  Crusaders,'  nor  Madame  E.  Or- 
zeszko  her  '  Argonauts,'  a  picture  of  moral 
depravity  and  the  most  recent  times.  Many, 
also,  of  our  elder  writers  have  been  completely 
silent,  so  that  new  names  —  as,  of  course,  is 
the  natural  way  of  things  —  gain  constantly 
more  space  in  our  literature."  Works  of  fic- 
tion that  have  actually  appeared  include  "  At 
the  Edge  of  the  Forest,"  by  Mr.  W.  Sieros- 
zewski ;  *'  The  Promised  Land,"  by  Mr.  W. 
Reymont ;  "  The  Swindlers,"  by  Mr.  A.  Grus- 
zecki ;  "  In  the  Old  Mansion,"  by  the  same 
author ;  "  The  Labors  of  Sisyphus,"  by  Mr. 
J.  Lych  ;  "  The  Distaff,"  by  Mr.  M.  Rodzie- 
wicz ;  "  The  Young  Lady,"  by  Miss  Emma 
Jelenska;  and  "Brothers  and  Elective  Affin- 
ity," by  Mrs.  Z.  Kowerska. 


"  The  only  representative  of  the  historical  novel  in 
the  past  twelvemonth  has  been  the  new  work  of  Mr.  A. 
Krechowiecki, '  For  the  Throne,'  in  which  he  brings  be- 
fore the  reader  in  many  effective  scenes  and  with  great 
skill,  the  bloodless  struggle  which  broke  out  in  Poland 
after  the  abdication  of  John  Casimir.  The  best  of  the 
many  characters  introduced  is  undoubtedly  that  of  the 
great  Elector  of  Brandenburg,  who  took  a  leading  part 
in  the  intrigues." 

Of  lyric  poets,  two  are  mentioned,  Mr.  J.  Kas- 
prowicz,  with  "  The  Wild  Rose  Shrub,"  and 
Mr.  L.  Rydel,  with  a  volume  of  poems.  "  There 
are  three  monographs  to  record  on  Mickiewicz  : 
a  brilliant  essay  by  the  poetess  Mrs.  Konop- 
nicka ;  '  Adam  Mickiewicz  :  a  Psychological 
Study  of  the  Poet,'  by  Mr.  A.  Belcikowski ; 
and  '  The  Esthetic  of  Mickiewicz,'  by  Mr.  P. 
Chmielowski,  a  book  full  of  profound  and  orig- 
inal views." 

Russia  is  still  a  country  in  which  literature 
seeks,  to  an  unusual  extent,  periodical  and 
other  ephemeral  outlets. 

"  With  us  the  colourless  monthly  magazine  is  in  full 
vigour;  it  is  accompanied  by  the  empty  newspaper.  The 
main  contents  of  these  publications  are  feeble  stories  of 
life  among  the  people,  or,  even  worse,  those  that  deal 
with  the  purposeless  life  of  the  so-called  '  intelligent 
class.'  To  these  we  must  add  melancholy  essays  on 
economic  questions  and  scientific  compilations  —  weak 
critical  studies  which  continually  repeat  thoughts  uttered 
years  ago  by  abler  journalists.  The  ethical  element  in 
our  romances  is  at  the  same  time  the  lever  of  Archi- 
medes and  the  heel  of  Achilles  in  Russian  literature. 
The  everlasting  confusion  of  two  entirely  different 
spheres  of  literary  production  gives  the  world  at  one 
time  such  splendid  productions  as  '  Crime  and  Punish- 
ment,' by  Dostoievski,  and  the  '  Anna  Karenina '  of 
Tolstoi,  and  at  another  lands  Russian  literature  in  the 
hopeless  quagmire  in  which  it  is  now  found." 

Count  Tolstoy's  "  The  Resurrection  "  is,  of 
course,  the  chief  work  of  the  year.  The  follow- 
ing is  a  part  of  the  criticism  made  upon  it : 

"  It  is  impossible  to  utter  a  decisive  opinion  on  this 
novel,  because  it  is  not  yet  finished,  but,  judging  by  the 
chapters  which  have  already  been  published,  we  can  see 
the  literary  methods  of  the  contemporary  Tolstoi.  Hav- 
ing planned  a  whole  series  of  astonishing  artistic  com- 
binations, he  himself  destroys  them,  by  underscoring  for 
greater  emphasis  what  is  obvious;  he  furnishes  them 
with  a  commentary,  and  converts  his  novel  into  a  com- 
monplace sermon  on  truths  which  no  one  disputes.  He 
lowers  his  genius  to  the  attitude  of  a  schoolmaster  with 
a  ferule  in  his  hand." 

A  complete  edition  of  the  works  of  Mr.  K.  K. 
Sluchevski  is  a  noteworthy  publication.  This 
poet,  largely  ignored  until  recently,  "  occupies 
quite  a  peculiar  position  :  he  imitates  no  one, 
he  speaks  his  own  language,  which  is  full  of 
that  expressiveness  which  we  find  in  a  harmo- 
niously constructed  mind  which  has  the  pro- 
fundity of  an  inviolate  sincerity.  If  among 


90 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


Russian  poets  there  is  one  who  has  never  lied, 
has  not  gone  in  quest  of  phrases,  but  has 
been  true  to  himself,"  that  poet  is  the  one 
under  consideration.  In  poems  of  "  a  dark 
and  terrible  beauty"  he  suggests  Baudelaire 
and  M.  Richepin.  An  important  work  of  his- 
torical scholarship  is  the  just  completed  four- 
volume  biography  of  Alexander  I.,  by  Mr. 
N.  K.  Shilder. 

"  This  is  no  ordinary  historical  work,  but  rather  an 
historico- psychological  monograph.  The  author  has 
concentrated  all  his  attention  on  the  personality  of  the 
Tsar.  He  submits  it  to  a  minute  analysis,  full  of  sci- 
entific and  artistic  merit.  It  is  a  character  composed 
of  contradictions:  at  one  time  full  of  heroism,  decision, 
and  manliness;  at  another,  timid  and  yielding  like  a 
reed  in  the  wind.  Such  a  person  is  fitted  to  become 
the  hero  of  a  poem." 

The  three- volume  history  of  Russian  literature, 
from  the  earliest  times  to  Lemonosov,  by  Mr. 
A.  Pypin,  has  also  been  completed. 

"  The  end  of  the  best  month  of  this  year  —  I  mean 
the  last  week  of  May  —  was  made  memorable  for 
Russia  by  a  national  festival,  the  centenary  of  the  birth 
of  Pushkin.  Pushkin  is  our  glory,  our  pride,  our  sun. 
His  songs,  full  of  native  beauty  for  us,  were  the  dawn 
of  Russian  poetry.  In  the  last  hours  of  the  century 
that  has  passed,  when  the  horizon  of  the  intellectual 
life  of  Russia  is  enveloped  in  mist,  it  is  consoling  to  see 
that  on  the  edges  of  the  dark  clouds  the  beams  of  that 
sun  still  shine  which  illumined  us  in  the  morning  hour. 
These  beams  promise  us  a  new  dawn,  new  happiness, 
new  youth." 

Spanish  literature  remains  chiefly  noteworthy 
for  its  voluminous  production  of  books  in  the 
historical  field,  including  much  local  history, 
and  the  publication  of  many  unprinted  docu- 
ments. These  books  have  little  interest  out- 
side of  the  country  of  their  origin,  and  we  pass 
them  without  special  mention,  noting,  however, 
that  subjects  "  relating  to  our  former  colonies 
in  America  and  Oceania  "  have  been  in  special 
favor.  "  Belles-lettres  are  positively  in  a  state 
of  decay."  Among  novels,  there  are  two  "  Epi- 
sodios  Nacionales,"  by  SeHor  Galdos  ;  "  La 
Alegria  del  Capitan  Ribot,"  by  SeSor  Valdes  ; 
"  Cuentos  Sacroprofanos,"  by  Sefiora  Bazan  ; 
44  Carmela  Rediviva,"  by  SeSor  Matteu  ;  and 
the  forthcoming  *4  Morsamor  "  of  Sefior  Valera. 
Of  poems  and  plays,  none  seem  particularly 
important,  and  we  are  even  told  that  "Eche- 
garay  has  not  succeeded  in  pleasing  the  public 
with  any  of  his  recent  efforts."  But  it  is  inter- 
esting to  note  that  there  have  been  successful 
performances  of  such  translated  plays  as  the 
44  Persse  "  and  the  4t  Prometheus"  of  ^Eschylus, 
the  "Iphigenie  auf  Tauris"  of  Goethe,  and 
the  "  Hamlet "  and  44  Twelfth  Night "  (Cuento 
de  Amor)  of  Shakespeare. 


POET,  ARTIST-MANUFACTURER,  AND 
SOCIALIST.* 

In  writing  the  Life  of  William  Morris 
Mr.  Mackail  has  bad  an  unusually  difficult 
biographical  task.  Morris's  career  was  many- 
stranded,  and  his  unique  and  somewhat  eccen- 
tric personality  was  one  to  tax  the  art  and  the 
discretion  of  the  delineator.  It  is  therefore 
particularly  gratifying  to  find  how  well  and 
satisfy ingly,  with  what  patience,  candor,  and 
constructive  skill,  Mr.  Mackail  has  done  his 
work.  The  spirit  of  truth,  as  well  as  of  sym- 
pathy, has  presided  over  his  labors ;  and  it 
would  scarcely  be  possible  to  tell  the  story  of 
William  Morris's  life  and  work  more  effec- 
tively and  attractively  than  it  is  told  in  these 
two  beautiful  volumes.  Mr.  Mackail  has  per- 
haps laid  more  stress  upon  and  devoted  more 
space  to  the  doings  and  dream  ings  and  literary 
and  esthetic  philanderings  of  Morris  and  his 
set  at  Oxford  than  the  American  reader  will 
think  necessary.  It  may  well  be  that  the  En- 
glish undergraduate  is  in  general  a  more  ma- 
ture and  intellectually  considerable  creature 
than  his  American  counterpart  ;  but  at  all 
events  we  are  not  accustomed  here  to  take  very 
seriously  the  performances  of  youths  at  col- 
lege, and  their  views  on  the  deeper  problems 
of  life,  art,  and  society.  But  Mr.  Mackail  ap- 
pears to  take  Morris  and  his  young  friends  of 
the  "  Brotherhood  "  quite  as  seriously  as  they 
took  themselves,  which  is  saying  a  good  deal. 

We  have  spoken  of  Morris's  career  as  "many- 
stranded."  Threefold  would  perhaps  be  the 
better  term,  for  in  regarding  his  pursuits  or 
activities  as  a  whole,  his  early  and  quickly 
abandoned  essays  as  painter  and  as  architect 
proper  may  be  left  out  of  view  as  incidental 
and  abortive.  It  was  as  poet,  artist-manufac- 
turer, and  Socialist  that  William  Morris  made 
his  impression  upon  his  time  and  is  likely  to 
live  for  a  while  in  the  world's  remembrance. 
His  poetry  began  at  Oxford,  and  went  on  con- 
currently with  his  manufacturing  during  the 
greater  part  of  his  career.  It  may  be  added 
that  evidence  is  not  lacking  that  Morris  re- 
garded the  manufacturing,  the  production  of 
sound  and  artistic  furniture,  chintzes,  wall- 
paper, carpets,  and  so  on,  as  the  worthier  and 
more  dignified  of  his  two  pursuits.  "  Poetry," 
he  once  impatiently  observed, 44  is  tommy  rot "; 

•  LITE  OF  WILLIAM  MORRIS.    By  J.  W.  Mackail.    In  two 
volume*.    Illustrated.    New  York :  Ixjnpiuans,  Oreea,  A  Co. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


and,  in  so  far  as  poetry  takes  the  form  of  a 
mere  shell  of  verbal  filigree  and  sham  mediae- 
valism,  we  may  largely  agree  with  him.  His 
Socialistic  apostolate  began  relatively  late,  with 
the  formation  of  the  Democratic  Federation  in 
1883,  and  had  lapsed  into  a  sort  of  passive 
Socialism,  a  philosophic  repose  on  the  bosom 
of  the  stream  of  tendency,  toward  1890,  when 
reflection  induced  by  experience  of  his  col- 
leagues in  the  various  organizations,  and  of  the 
masses  who  were  to  be  "  elevated  "  (largely 
in  spite  of  themselves,  as  he  came  to  see) 
forced  him  to  admit  that  the  movement  toward 
higher  things  must  be  a  gradual  one  of  educa- 
tion, of  evolution,  of  normal  and  secular  na- 
tional change,  and  not  of  active  and  immediate 
revolution  and  the  overthrow  of  the  existing 
social  fabric  through  the  use  of  the  newly  ac- 
quired lever  of  popular  suffrage.  Socialism, 
in  fine,  might  be  expected  to  come,  in  one  form 
or  another,  when  England  had  grown  up  to  it, 
not  before  ;  and,  like  the  present  system,  could 
only  prevail  by  virtue  of  being  a  reflection  of 
actual  English  needs  and  capacities,  in  a  word,  of 
average  English  character.  Morris,  whose  So- 
cialism was  temperamental  or  emotional  rather 
than  a  fruit  of  scientific  study  and  conviction, 
though  at  one  time  he  applied  himself  manfully 
to 'the  doctrinal  abstrusities  of  the  authorities, 
was  keenly  touched  by  the  hard  lot  of  the  poor. 
But,  it  is  curious  to  note,  the  hard  lot  of  the 
poor  meant  to  his  mind  mainly  the  being  cut 
off,  to  so  great  a  degree,  from  the  enjoyment 
of  and  the  production  of  works  of  art !  The 
wage-worker  he  characteristically  conceived  as 
a  pathetic  figure  knocking  in  vain  for  admis- 
sion at  the  gates  of  the  Palace  of  Art,  which 
were  closed  against  him  by  the  ruthless  hand 
of  the  "  profit-grinder."  The  Birmingham 
operative,  the  "  navvy,"  Devonshire  "  Giles," 
and  even  London  "  'Arry  "  himself,  were  sup- 
posed to  be  yearning  for  that  degree  of  grace- 
ful leisure  which  would  enable  them  to  enter 
freely  into  the  joys  of  painted  windows,  medi- 
aeval brasses,  illuminated  folios,  and  (last  but 
not  least)  the  pictures  of  Kossetti  and  Co.!  Of 
course  the  cold  fact  was,  and  Morris  came  to 
realize  it,  that  the  "  profit-grinder's  "  victim,  in 
nine  cases  out  of  ten,  did  not  care  a  rush  for 
the  Palace  of  Art,  as  compared  with  the  beer- 
shop  and  the  race-track.  He  even  showed  an 
ungrateful  inclination  to  take  a  comic,  not  to 
say  blackguardly,  view  of  Morris  himself  and 
his  performances,  to  turn  his  outdoor  meetings 
into  occasions  for  starting  an  enjoyable  row 
with  the  police,  and  to  vaguely  identify  his 


preachings  in  behalf  of  the  art -hungering 
masses  with  the  corybantic  exercises  of  the  Sal- 
vation Army.  Morris  used  to  recount  in  a 
serio-comic  way  instances  of  the  unpleasant 
notoriety  which  his  well-meant  efforts  gained 
for  him.  Jeers  and  insults  at  the  hands  of  the 
very  class  he  championed  were  hard  to  bear. 
Even  the  Hammersmith  green-grocer's  boy, 
he  wrote  sadly,  took  to  bawling  "  Socialist ! 
Morris ! "  in  no  flattering  tones  after  him  in 
the  streets  ;  while  passing  "  'Arrys,"  fertile  in 
sarcasm,  once  added  cuttingly  to  the  usual  epi- 
thet, "  Shakespeare,  yah  !  "  In  short,  Morris, 
taking  to  heart  the  lesson  that  England's 
"  lower  class  brutalized  "  was  scarcely  ripe  for 
his  collectivistic  millenium,  with  its  superadded 
aesthetic  refinements,  and  admitting  the  fact 
(palpable  everywhere  outside  of  Utopia)  that 
the  advent  of  a  higher  social  system  presup- 
poses the  advent  of  a  higher  type  of  men,  lat- 
terly eschewed  militant  Socialism,  pinned  his 
faith  to  education  rather  than  agitation,  and 
returned  to  his  true  province  of  creative  art 
and  artistic  handicraft.  His  growing  modera- 
tion and  opportunism  naturally  offended  his 
colleagues  of  the  League ;  and  he  soon  found 
himself  deposed  from  the  control  of  its  organ, 
the  "  Commonweal,"  and  replaced  by  one 
Frank  Kitz,  an  extremist  of  the  ordinary  type, 
who  presently  got  the  sheet  and  its  managers 
into  the  hands  of  the  police,  who  found  it  high 
time  to  repress  its  attacks  on  the  principle  of 
law  and  order  and  its  constructive  incitements 
to  murder.  The  article  that  was  the  immediate 
cause  of  the  ruin  of  the  paper  (which  was  already 
on  the  brink  of  ruin  through  lack  of  funds)  was 
angrily  characterized  by  Morris  as  "  idiotic." 
Thus,  while  abandoning  his  early  dream  of 
regenerating  England  overnight  and  producing 
roses  from  her  thorns  and  figs  from  her  thistles 
through  the  spell  of  some  legislative  incantation 
or  miracle  of  constitution-making,  Morris  by  no 
means  abandoned  his  faith  in  Socialism  as  an 
ideal  of  future  approximation,  as  a  goal  toward 
which  society  is  gradually  tending.  "  Some 
approach  to  it,"  he  said,  "  is  sure  to  be  tried." 
Morris's  inborn  medievalism,  let  us  note  in 
passing,  his  habit  of  looking  backward  for 
canons  and  models  of  excellence,  was  oddly 
blended  with  a  vein  of  thoroughgoing  eight- 
eenth-century perfecibilitarianism,  of  faith  in, 
the  continuity  and  theoretically  boundless  pos- 
sibilities of  human  progress.  With  Rousseau 
he  turned  for  the  Golden  Age  to  the  past ; 
with  Condorcet  he  discerned  it  in  the  future. 
There  is  perhaps  an  inconsistency  too  (and 


92 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


men  of  genius  like  Morris  must  not  be  grudged 
their  inconsistencies)  in  his  supreme  exaltation 
of  an  art  that  began  and  flourished  amid  the 
wide  inequalities,  the  rigid  class  distinctions, 
of  feudal  society,  and  his  doctrine  that  it  is  the 
kindred,  though  far  less  stringent,  inequalities 
and  distinctions  of  modern  society  that  stunt 
and  stifle  art.  Art  cannot  flourish  to-day  be- 
cause of  the  survival  of  conditions  under  which 
it  flourished  so  magnificently  five  centuries  ago ! 
It  is  not  to  be  inferred  from  the  fact  of 
Morris's  abandonment  of  militant  and  aggres- 
sive Socialism  that  he  thenceforth  ingloriously 
sank  into  a  comfortable,  not  to  say  an  indolent, 
reliance  on  the  virtues  of  laisser-fairc.  The 
good  work  of  sowing  the  seed  of  Socialism,  he 
strenuously  urged,  must  go  on  ;  but  the  sower 
must  arm  his  soul  with  patience,  must  be  pre- 
pared to  wait  long  for  the  harvest,  nay,  must 
be  content  to  scatter  the  seed  of  a  harvest  which 
a  generation  yet  unborn  will  reap.  Education 
must  be  the  watchword.  In  his  final  manifesto 
to  the  League,  he  says : 

"  .  .  .  I  say  for  us  to  make  Socialiit*  is  the  business 
at  present,  and  at  present  I  do  not  think  we  can  have 
any  other  useful  business.  .  .  .  When  we  have  enough 
people  of  that  way  of  thinking,  they  will  find  out  what 
action  is  necessary  for  putting  their  principles  in  prac- 
tice. Therefore,  I  say,  make  Socialists.  We  Socialists 
can  do  nothing  else  that  is  useful." 

This  calm  and  reasoned  counsel  drew  forth 
a  volley  of  protest  and  abuse  from  the  extrem- 
ists of  the  sect,  who  were  already  babbling  of 
dynamite  and  open  war  upon  society,  and  who 
had  now  awakened  in  Scotland  Yard  a  languid 
interest  in  their  proceedings,  through  their 
sage  deliberations  as  to  the  ways  and  means  for 
barricading  the  streets  of  London.  But  Morris, 
says  Mr.  Mackail,  "  had  already  left  the 
League,  and  the  moment  he  did  so  it  began  to 
crumble  away  like  sand," —  as  in  fact  it  must, 
since  the  withdrawal  of  Morris  meant  the  with- 
drawal of  its  main  source  of  pecuniary  sup- 
plies. Morris,  let  us  say,  was  not  one  of  that 
order  of  Socialists  who  have  been  described  as 
yearning  to  do  good  with  other  people's  money. 
He  was  a  liberal  supporter,  financially,  of  the 
various  reforming  organizations.  But  he  was 
not,  nevertheless,  by  any  means  what  the  world 
is  used  to  call  a  liberal,  an  open-handed  man. 
This  statement  brings  us  to  a  searching  criti- 
cism of  his  character  made  by  Mr.  Mackail, 
which  serves  not  only  to  help  us  understand 
Morris,  but  to  exemplify  Mr.  Mac-kail's  com- 
mend ably  fair  and  judicial  attitude  as  a  biog- 
rapher. Morris,  holds  Mr.  Mackail,  was  inter- 
ested in  things  much  more  than  in  people,  in 


classes  much  more  than  in  men.  The  thing 
done,  whatever  it  might  be,  was  what  he  cared 
about  in  the  work  of  his  contemporaries  and 
friends  no  less  than  in  that  of  other  ages  and 
countries.  So  too  in  the  common  concerns  of 
life  he  was  strangely  incurious  of  individuals 

—  a  quality  of  mind  which  took,  on  the  one 
hand,  the  form  of  absolute  indifference  to  gos- 
sip, and  a  capacity  of  working  with  the  most  dis- 
agreeable and  jarring  colleagues,  so  long  as  they 
were  useful  to  the  work  in  hand,  and,  on  the  other, 
••of  an  almost  equally  marked  inconsiderate- 
ness."     For  sympathy  in  distress,  for  aid  in 
trouble,  it  was  not  to  him  one  would  have  gone  : 

"  The  lot  of  the  poor,  as  a  class,  when  he  thought  of 
it,  had  always  lain  heavily  on  his  spirit.  .  .  .  But  the 
sufferings  of  individuals  often  only  moved  him  to  a  cer- 
tain impatience.  Many  years  before,  Kossetti,  in  one 
of  those  flashes  of  hard  insight  that  made  him  so  ter- 
rible a  friend,  had  said  of  him,  '  Did  you  ever  notice 
that  Top  (Morris's  nickname)  never  gives  a  penny  to  a 
beggar  ? '  Inconsiderate  and  even  unscrupulous  as 
Rossetti  was  himself  in  some  of  the  larger  affairs  of 
life,  this  particular  instinct  of  generosity  was  one  which 
never  failed  him.  For  the  individual  in  distress  —  were 
it  a  friend  in  difficulties,  or  some  unknown  poor  woman 
on  the  streets  —  he  was  always  ready  to  empty  his  own 
pockets,  and  plunge  deeply  into  those  of  his  friends. 
Morris's  virtues  were  of  a  completely  different  type. 
.  .  .  That  habit  of  magnificence,  which  to  the  Greek 
mind  was  the  crown  of  virtues,  was  Kossetti's  most  re- 
markable quality.  In  the  nature  of  Morris  it  had  no 
place.  '  I  am  bourgeois,  you  know,  and  therefore  with- 
out the  point  of  honor,'  be  had  written  many  years 
before  to  Madox  Brown  in  a  moment  of  real  self- 
appreciation;  and  his  virtues  were  therefore  those  of 
the  bourgeois  class  —  industrious,  honest,  fair-minded 
up  to  their  lights,  but  unexpansive  and  unsympathetic 

—  so  far  as  the  touch  of  genius  did  not  transform  him 
into  something  quite  unique  and  incalculable." 

A  unique  figure  in  English  life,  in  more 
ways  than  one,  Morris  certainly  was ;  and  he 
paid  the  penalty  of  the  offence  of  being  ••  un- 
like other  people."  As  a  pronounced  (though 
entirely  unaffected)  social  non-conformist  he 
met  with  the  usual  obloquy  and  misconstruc- 
tion. Morris  did  not  care  three  straws  for 
Mrs.  Grundy,  and  was  indeed  seemingly  un- 
aware of  her  existence ;  and  Mrs.  Grundy 
fumed  accordingly.  He  did  what  he  liked  and 
wore  what  he  liked  at  London,  just  as  he  had 
read  what  he  liked  and  worn  "  purple  trousers  " 
at  Oxford.  British  philistinism  disapproved  of 
him  ;  Podsnap  shook  his  head  at  him ;  ••  'Arry," 
as  we  have  seen,  jeered  at  him.  "  I  have  had," 
he  said,  "  a  life  of  insults  and  suoking  of 
brains."  English  university  education  is  mainly 
bent  on  the  formation  and  conservation  of  a 
type,  rather  than  on  the  detection  and  foster- 
ing of  special  individual  gifts  and  capacities. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


There  is  a  certain  academic  mould  into  which 
each  young  gentleman  is  assiduously  pressed 
during  the  period  of  his  academic  career ;  and 
while  the  process  is  in  average  cases  followed 
by  desirable  and  agreeable  results,  it  must 
prove  a  largely  abortive,  and  may  very  con- 
ceivably prove  a  cramping  and  deadening  pro- 
cess, in  cases  where,  as  in  that  of  Morris,  it 
happens  to  run  counter  to  the  promptings  and 
to  block  the  line  of  natural  expansion  of  genius. 
Morris  derived  little  profit  from  the  prescribed 
tasks  at  Oxford  ;  and,  says  Mr.  Mackail : 

"  ...  to  the  end  of  his  life  the  educational  system 
and  the  intellectual  life  of  modern  Oxford  were  mat- 
ters as  to  which  he  remained  bitterly  prejudiced,  and 
the  name  of  '  Don '  was  used  by  him  as  a  synonym  for 
all  that  was  narrow,  ignorant,  and  pedantic." 

But  an  "  Oxford  man  "  he  nominally  was  ; 
and,  therefore,  as  at  once  a  man  of  means  and 
University  education  who  deliberately  kept  a 
shop,  a  poet  who  chose  to  ply  a  handicraft,  to 
weave,  dye,  and  carve,  not  as  a  gentleman  ama- 
teur, but  under  the  usual  conditions  of  handi- 
craftsman, he  was  to  the  average  mind  a  figure 
so  unique  as  to  be  scarcely  comprehensible. 
Sir  E.  Beckett  once  sarcastically  called  him 
the  "  poet  upholsterer  ";  but  Morris,  who  had 
no  taint  of  the  snob  in  his  soul,  and  to  whom 
the  feelings  of  the  snob  were  as  unintelligible 
as  his  own  feelings  were  to  people  like  Sir  E. 
Beckett,  calmly  accepted  the  epithet  as  "  a 
harmless  statement  of  fact,"  and  seemed  on 
the  whole  to  plume  himself  more  on  his  "  up- 
holstering "  than  his  poetry.  That  he  should  do 
so  is  hardly  surprising  when  we  reflect  that  the 
efforts  of  William  Morris  to  replace  in  En- 
gland the  house  hideous  by  the  house  beautiful 
resulted  in  a  salutary  and  perhaps  a  saving 
revolution  in  her  art-manufactures. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  know  what  Mr. 
Mackail  has  to  say  of  the  debate  over  the  be- 
stowal of  the  laureateship  in  1892.  The  claims 
of  Morris,  as  based  on  the  amount  and  quality  of 
his  poetic  work,  were  of  course  such  as  could  not 
be  ignored.  But  his  political  views  would  have 
assorted  strangely  with  his  occupancy  of  the 
office,  and  it  would  have  been  difficult  for  those 
who  knew  him  even  slightly  to  seriously  figure 
him  as  the  official  eulogist  of  the  existing  order 
and  celebrant  of  its  triumphs.  Says  the  author  : 
"As  regards  his  personal  views  on  the  matter,  Mr. 
Gladstone,  who  had  then  just  become  for  the  fourth 
time  Prime  Minister,  kept  his  own  counsel:  and  it  is 
matter  of  common  knowledge  that  no  recommendation 
was  ever  made  by  him  to  the  Queen,  and  that  the  office 
remained  unfilled  for  three  years  during  his  Govern- 
ment and  the  administration  which  succeeded  it.  But 


after  this  lapse  of  time  it  may  not  be  indiscreet  to  say 
that  Morris  was  sounded  by  a  member  of  the  Cabinet, 
with  Mr.  Gladstone's  approval,  to  ascertain  whether  he 
would  accept  the  office  in  the  event  of  its  being  offered 
to  him.  His  answer  was  unhesitating.  He  was  frankly 
pleased  that  it  had  been  thought  of,  and  did  not  under- 
value the  implied  honor:  but  it  was  one  which  his  prin- 
ciples and  tastes  alike  made  it  impossible  for  him  to 
accept.  The  matter  went  no  further.  In  private  con- 
versation Morris  always  held  that  the  proper  function 
of  a  Poet  Laureate  was  that  of  a  ceremonial  writer  of 
official  verse,  and  that  in  this  particular  case  the  Mar- 
quis of  Lome  was  the  person  pointed  out  for  the  office  — 
should  the  office  be  thought  one  worth  keeping  up  under 
modern  conditions  —  by  position  and  acquirements." 

Not  the  least  interesting  part  of  Mr.  Mac- 
kail's  book  is  the  story  of  the  inception  and 
growth  of  the  unique  manufacturing  business 
of  Morris  and  Co.  Characterizing  Morris  as 
a  manufacturer,  Mr.  Mackail  goes  on  to  say : 

"  He  carried  on  his  business  as  a  manufacturer  not 
because  he  wished  to  make  money,  but  because  he 
wished  to  make  the  things  he  manufactured.  The  art 
of  commerce  as  it  consists  in  buying  material  and  labor 
cheaply,  and  forcing  the  largest  possible  sale  of  the 
product,  was  one  for  which  he  had  little  aptitude  and 
less  liking.  In  every  manual  art  which  he  touched,  he 
was  a  skilled  expert:  in  the  art  of  money-making  he 
remained  to  the  last  an  amateur.  Throughout  he  re- 
garded material  with  the  eye  of  an  artist,  and  labor  with 
the  eye  of  a  fellow-laborer.  He  never  grudged  or  hag- 
gled over  the  price  of  anything  which  he  thought  really 
excellent  of  its  kind  and  really  desirable  for  him  to 
have;  he  would  dye  with  kermes  instead  of  cochineal  if 
he  could  gain  an  almost  imperceptible  richness  of  tone  by 
doing  so:  he  would  condemn  piece  after  piece  of  his  man- 
ufacture that  did  not  satisfy  his  own  severe  judgment." 

Mrs.  Kitchie  thus  describes  a  visit  to  the 
shop  in  its  early  and  rudimentary  days : 

"  I  perfectly  remember  going  with  Val  Prinsep  one 
foggy  morning  to  some  square,  miles  away;  we  came 
into  an  empty  ground-floor  room,  and  Val  Prinsep 
called  « Topsy  ! '  very  loud,  and  someone  came  from 
above  with  hair  on  end  and  in  a  nonchalant  way  began 
to  show  one  or  two  of  bis  curious,  and  to  my  uninitiated 
soul,  bewildering  treasures.  I  think  Morris  said  the 
glasses  would  stand  firm  when  he  put  them  on  the  table. 
I  bought  two  tumblers  of  which  Val  Prinsep  praised 
the  shape.  He  and  Val  wrapped  them  up  in  paper,  and 
I  came  away  very  much  amused  and  interested,  with  a 
general  impression  of  sympathetic  shyness  and  shadows 
and  dim  green  glass." 

Mr.  Mackail  has  given  us  a  model  biog- 
raphy, and  the  publishers  have  issued  it  in  a 
form  that  the  fastidious  taste  of  its  hero  would 
have  approved.  There  are  several  excellent  por- 
traits of  Morris,  and  Mr.  New's  drawings  are 
capital  in  themselves  and  have  a  certain  sugges- 
tion of  special  adaptation  in  point  of  style  or 
treatment  to  their  setting  and  occasion.  A  few 
plates  illustrative  of  Morris's  designing  might 
have  formed  a  desirable  addition  to  the  pictorial 
attractions  of  the  work.  E.  G.  J. 


94 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


THK    ENDLK88    EPIC    QUKSTION.* 


The  interesting  and  important  work  upon  the 
epic  of  the  Finns,  the  Kalevala,  by  the  Italian 
scholar  Comparetti,  appeared  in  Italian  in 
1891  and  in  German  in  1892.  It  now  pre- 
sents itself  to  us  in  a  smooth  and  comely  En- 
glish dress,  and  Mr.  Andrew  Lang  makes  the 
introduction.  A  complete  English  translation 
of  the  poem  itself,  by  an  American  scholar, 
Mr.  John  Martin  Crawford,  was  published  at 
New  York  in  1888. 

The  English  translation  of  Comparetti  vio- 
lates literary  ethics  by  appearing  without  an 
index,  though  the  table  of  contents  is  somewhat 
full.  I  shall  therefore  give  some  page-refer- 
ences. Mr.  Lang's  own  book,  "  Homer  and 
the  Epic,"  which  contains  a  short  chapter  about 
the  Kalevala,  has  no  index  and  the  briefest  pos- 
sible table  of  contents.  When  will  scholars  take 
up  the  bookmaker's  burden,  and  see  to  it  that 
their  volumes  are  published  in  a  usable  form  ? 

The  Kalevala  has  usually  been  looked  upon 
"  as  an  ancient  national  epos,  orally  preserved 
by  tradition,  and  collected  from  the  mouths  of 
the  people,  principally  by  Lonnrot"  (p.  10).  In 
point  of  fact  it  was  in  many  ways  constructed 
by  Lonnrot,  not  simply  collected.  The  idea  of 
combining  the  folk-songs  of  the  Finns  which 
treat  the  same  or  related  subjects  was  first  sug- 
gested to  this  scholar  by  the  popular  singers 
themselves,  who  feel  free  to  combine  several 
songs  into  a  larger  whole.  Lonnrot  finally 
went  far  beyond  this,  and  attempted  to  weave 
into  a  great  unified  poem  all  that  was  most 
interesting  and  significant  in  the  entire  mass 
of  Finnish  folk-poetry.  To  do  this  he  made 
alterations  in  the  ballads  somewhat  freely, 
though  in  most  cases  he  either  followed  some 
one  of  the  various  versions  of  the  particular 
song,  or  at  least  made  changes  that  could  easily 
be  paralleled  from  the  actual  folk-poetry.  The 
unity  of  the  Kalevala  thus  obtained,  however, 
is  something  very  imperfect ;  sometimes  there 
is  very  little  attempt  to  unify  the  various  stories 
(p.  144)  ;  at  times  fundamental  inconsistencies 
have  been  allowed  to  remain  (pp.  148, 847^*.) ; 
and  what  unity  exists  is  often  external  rather 
than  intrinsic.  For  example,  the  runes  (songs) 

*  THE  TRADITIONAL  POKTKT  or  THK  FINNS.  By  Domenico 
Comparetti,  etc.  Translated  by  Isabella  M.  Anderton  ;  with 
Introduction  by  Andrew  Lang.  New  York:  Longmans, 
Green,  &  Co. 

THK  PBK-  and  PROTO-HurrORic  FINNH,  both  Eastern  and 
Western,  with  the  Magic  Songs  of  the  West  Finns.  By  the 
Honourable  John  Aberoromby,  etc.  In  two  rols.  [  Vols.  IX. 
and  X.  of  The  Grimra  Library].  London :  Day  id  Nutt. 


concerning  Lemminkainen  are  brought  into  a 
superficial  connection  with  those  about  Wain- 
amoinen  and  Ilmarinen  by  making  him  join 
those  two  heroes  in  the  expedition  for  the  recov- 
ery of  the  Sampo.  "  A  third  companion  often 
actually  occurs  in  the  songs  of  the  people,  but 
this  is  never  Lemminkainen,"  except  in  a  single 
fragment  (pp.  182,  135  n.).  Chapter  III.  of 
Part  I.,  "  The  Composition  of  the  Kalevala," 
tells  in  detail  just  how  Lbnnrot  built  up  the 
great  poem  from  the  materials  furnished  him 
in  the  folk-songs.  This  is  perhaps  the  most 
interesting  portion  of  the  book.  We  learn  here 
how  it  happens  that  the  story  of  the  making  of 
the  first  harp  from  the  bones  of  the  great  pike 
and  of  the  exquisite  singing  of  Wainamoinen 
(Runes  40,  41)  is  followed  later  by  the  loss 
of  this  harp  (close  of  Rune  42)  and  the  making 
of  a  second  from  the  sacred  birch-tree  (Rune 
44).  In  reality,  no  Finnish  singer  knows  of 
two  harps.  The  loss  of  the  first  instrument 
was  a  pure  invention  of  Lonnrot,  in  order  that 
he  might  thereby  weave  into  his  poem  another 
charming  version  of  the  origin  of  the  harp. 
The  changing  of  the  tears  of  Wainamoinen 
into  sea-pearls  (Rune  41)  is  a  striking  incident 
which  seems  to  have  originated  wholly  with 
Lonnrot  (p.  156  ;  see  also  p.  257  concerning 
the  making  of  the  Sampo). 

The  magic  song,  or  charm,  is  the  funda- 
mental product  of  Finnish  folk-poetry  (pp.  24, 
187,  232)  ;  the  interesting  belief  that  one  who 
recites  correctly  the  account  of  the  origin  of 
any  evil  force  takes  away  thereby  its  power 
for  harm  (pp.  27,  229)  explains  why  these 
magic  songs  are  narrative  in  form,  and  sug- 
gests in  a  strange  way  the  wise  philosophy  of 
Bacon.  The  Finns  are  perhaps  the  only  people 
who  have  produced  poetry  of  a  high  degree 
of  excellence  while  still  believing  in  the  uni- 
versal efficacy  of  magic  (p.  24).  The  aesthetic 
power  of  song  seems  to  be  a  later  conception 
(p.  821).  The  hero  in  this  poetry  is  the  wiz- 
ard, the  magician  (pp.  172,  185,  230).  The 
deeds  of  separate  hero-wizards  make  up  the 
poem  ;  "  no  peoples  or  social  masses  appear  in 
collective  action  or  in  conflict"  (pp.  22  /'., 
329).  The  thoroughly  non-historical  character 
of  the  Kalevala  is  a  constant  surprise  to  the 
student  whose  ideas  have  been  formed  by  read- 
ing the  other  great  folk-epics  (pp.  23,  60,  246, 
329). 

"  The  Finns  of  Russia  and  of  the  Russian  church  are 
still  quite  illiterate  and  in  a  state  of  primitive  simplic- 
ity; among  them  the  tradition  of  the  songs  has  remained 
singularly  fresh.  For  the  genuine  traditional  rune  is  in 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


95 


its  essence  the  poetry  of  the  illiterate,  the  poetry  of 
nature  "  (p.  19).  "The  northern  region  in  which  the 
ancient  Russian  songs  most  abound  and  are  most  un- 
changed is  the  same  in  which  the  poetical  tradition  of 
the  Finns  also  is  best  preserved :  the  government  of  Arch- 
angel, and  Olonetz  from  Lake  Onega  to  Lake  Ladoga  " 
(p.  311). 

Mr.  Lang's  main  interest  in  the  Kalevala 
and  in  the  work  of  Comparetti  is  because  of 
the  light  thrown  by  them  upon  the  broader 
Homeric  question,  better  called  the  epic  ques- 
tion,—  the  problem  concerning  the  mode  of 
origin  of  the  world's  great  national  epics.  In- 
deed, this  larger  question  was  probably  the 
especial  stimulus  which  led  Comparetti  him- 
self to  study  the  epic  of  the  Finns. 

The  reason  why  this  problem  is  an  endless 
one  is  not  far  to  seek.  Since  Wolf  in  1795 
advocated  the  view  that  the  Iliad  was  put  to- 
gether from  separate  songs,  two  tendencies  have 
been  clearly  developed  in  the  theorizings  con- 
cerning the  origin  of  folk-epics.  One  tendency 
accents  the  element  of  folk-poetry,  popular 
poetry,  as  the  fundamental  fact.  Since  most 
popular  poetry  is  narrative,  and  this  exists 
almost  entirely  in  the  form  of  separate  ballads, 
this  view  makes  much  of  the  individual  folk- 
songs, and  makes  little  of  the  grave  difficulties 
which  confront  one  who  tries  to  explain  how 
any  particular  epic  was  put  together  from  these 
elements.  These  difficulties  are  somewhat 
mitigated  by  the  theory  that  the  Iliad,  for  ex- 
ample, existed  at  one  time  as  a  simpler  though 
complete  poem,  a  primary  Iliad,  to  which  suc- 
cessive additions  have  been  made.  We  must 
remember,  also,  that  in  folk-poetry  itself  we 
find  ballads  combined  into  larger  compositions. 
The  English  "  Gest  of  Robin  Hood "  is  ad- 
mitted to  be  a  composite  of  different  ballads. 
Compound  ballads  are  well-known  to  the  Finns. 
Comparetti  gives  one  which  corresponds  to  five 
different  runes  of  the  Kalevala  and  parts  of 
three  others  (pp.  158^.).  It  is  somewhat  mis- 
leading, therefore,  to  suggest  that  no  "  song 
existing  independently  ever  figures  in  a  large 
poem  "  (viii.). 

The  second  tendency  in  explaining  the  origin 
of  popular  epics  is  to  accent  the  element  of 
plan  and  the  organic  unity  of  the  great  mass  of 
material,  and  either  to  overlook  the  precedent 
folk-songs  or  at  least  to  minimize  their  import- 
ance. The  origin  of  a  popular  epic,  however, 
cannot  possibly  be  explained  without  the  pres- 
ence in  some  measure  of  both  factors,  —  the 
creative  but  unconscious  folk-spirit  and  the  con- 
scious master-poet.  Inasmuch  as  folk-poetry 
cannot  flourish  except  in  a  society  uncultured 


and  free  from  self-consciousness,  incapable  of 
observing  and  reporting  the  phenomena  of  its 
own  mental  life,  both  the  general  problem  and 
that  with  reference  to  each  particular  epic  be- 
come impossible  of  exact  solution.  The  import- 
ance of  the  Kalevala  in  this  line  of  inquiry  is 
very  great,  since  it  is  "  the  only  example  we 
have  of  a  national  poem  actually  resulting  from 
minor  songs ;  these  songs  being  not  discovera- 
ble in  it  according  to  some  preconceived  idea  by 
means  of  inductive  analysis,  but  known  as  really 
existing  independently  of  the  large  composi- 
tion "  (ix.).  Lonnrot  thought  himself  to  be  a 
Finnish  Homer,  composing  the  epic  of  his  race 
from  their  stores  of  song.  Comparetti  points 
out  that  Lonnrot,  though  a  folk-poet  at  heart, 
was  also  a  scholar,  filled  with  modern  theoriz- 
ings concerning  the  making  of  popular  epics 
(p.  340)  ;  and  "  the  processes  of  such  a  man 
are  no  argument  for  early  Greece"  (Lang,  xvi.). 
Moreover,  although  Lbnnrot  alters  and  trans- 
poses with  great  freedom,  and  sometimes  inserts 
original  passages,  the  Kalevala  comes  far  short 
of  possessing  a  unity  like  that  of  the  Iliad  or 
the  Odyssey.  Though  charming  in  all  its  parts, 
the  Finnish  epic,  when  considered  as  a  whole, 
remains  in  many  respects  a  piece  of  patchwork. 

There  can  be  no  doubt,  I  think,  that  Mr. 
Lang  underestimates  the  importance  of  the  folk 
element  in  the  Homeric  poems.  He  says,  using 
in  part  the  language  of  Comparetti : 

"  In  my  opinion  the  maker  of  the  Iliad  did  just  what 
was  done  by  the  maker  of  The  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel. 
Out  of  his  knowledge  of  facts  or  fancies,  as  existing  in 
lays  and  traditions,  he  fashioned  a  long  poem  with  be- 
ginning, middle,  and  end,  with « organic  unity,  harmony, 
proportion  of  parts  coordinated  among  themselves,  and 
converging  towards  a  final  catastrophe  ' "  (xxi.). 

But  the  two  cases  are  far  from  parallel.  The 
conception  of  a  body  of  songs  concerning  the 
Trojan  War,  which  give  an  accurate  version  of 
the  events,  is  distinctly  assumed  in  the  Odyssey 
itself  (Bk.,  i.  11.  350  j.,  viii.  74J.,  489J.,  500 
S)  ;  without  insisting  that  this  conception  is 
correct  for  the  lifetime  of  an  actual  Odysseus,  it 
seems  clear  that  the  nature  of  the  popular  liter- 
ature in  existence  at  the  time  when  the  Odys- 
sey was  composed  made  this  conception  appear 
natural  and  unquestionable. 

Comparetti  declares :  "  A  long  poem,  created 
by  the  people,  does  not  exist,  cannot  exist ; 
epic  popular  songs,  such  as  could  be  put  together 
into  a  true  poem,  have  never  been  seen  and  are 
not  likely  to  be  seen  among  any  people " 
(p.  352).  This  seems  extreme  in  view  of  what 
a  Russian  scholar  named  Radloff  has  told  us 
about  the  popular  poetry  of  a  Turkish  tribe, 


96 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


the  Kara-Kirghis.*  These  people  dwell  among 
the  mountains  of  Central  Asia,  in  the  general 
neighborhood  of  Lake  Issyk-kul  and  the  city  of 
Kashgar,  near  the  westernmost  border  of  the 
Chinese  Empire.  The  poetry  of  this  tribe, 
according  to  liadloff,  is  still  "  in  a  certain  ori- 
ginal period  which  is  best  called  the  genuinely 
epic  period,  that  same  period  in  which  the 
Greeks  were  found  when  their  epio  songs  of 
the  Trojan  war  were  not  yet  written,  but  lived 
in  the  form  of  genuine  folk-poetry  in  the  mouths 
of  the  people."  The  national  feeling  of  the 
Kara-Kirghis  "  has  united  separate  epic  songs 
into  one  undivided  whole  .  .  .  the  different 
traditions  and  stories,  historical  recollections, 
tales,  and  ballads,  as  though  in  obedience  to 
some  force  of  attraction  combine  about  an  epic 
centre  and  in  all  their  dismemberment  appear 
parts  of  a  comprehensive  general  picture." 
"  Only  a  people  which  has  not  reached  indi- 
vidual culture,"  says  Radloff,  "  can  create  bards 
from  its  midst  and  develop  a  period  of  contem- 
poraneous epic.  With  the  spread  of  culture  " 
come  "  rhapsodists  who  do  not  compose  them- 
selves but  sing  songs  borrowed  from  others." 
Radloff  cites  the  following  passage  from  Stein- 
thai  :  f  "  Up  to  1832  no  one  knew  of  a  whole 
Finnish  epic.  .  .  .  No  one  had  knowledge  of 
the  unity,  and  yet  ...  it  was  existent  in  the 
songs  themselves."  Radloff  comments  on  this 
as  follows :  "  From  this  I  venture  only  to  con- 
clude that  among  the  Finns  in  the  year  1832 
the  period  of  contemporaneous  epic  (as  it  now 
exists  among  the  Kara-Kirghis)  was  already 
past.  In  the  epic  period  the  consciousness  of 
the  unity  of  the  epic  is  still  living  in  each  por- 
tion of  the  whole." 

It  must  be  admitted  that  so  far  as  Radloff 
enters  into  details  concerning  the  poetry  of  the 
Kara-Kirghis,  the  epic  unity  which  binds  to- 
gether the  various  songs  of  the  tribe  seems  to 
be  somewhat  loose  and  vague ;  but  it  seems 
clear  that  a  real  unity  is  felt,  and  that  Com- 
paretti  has  gone  too  far  in  the  assertion  cited 
above.  The  following  comprehensive  state- 
ment of  Comparetti  seems  entirely  just ;  but  I 
take  the  liberty  to  emphasize  two  adjectives  : 
"  In  proportion  as  the  epic  songs  unite  to  form 
a  wide,  well -defined  and  stable  organism, 
strictly  popular  and  collective  work  is  lost  sight 

•Proben  der  Volkslitteratnr  der  nbrdlichen  ttirkuchen 
SULmme.  Gesamiuelt  und  iibereetzt  von  Dr.  W.  Radloff. 
V.  Tail,  Dialect  der  Kara-Kirgiaen.  The  book  U  in  RuMian. 
A  copy  i»  in  the  English  Library  of  the  University  of  Chicago. 
I  am  very  greatly  indebted  to  Professor  George  C.  Ilowland 
of  the  same  University  for  making  me  a  written  translation  of 
the  entire  Introduction. 

t  DM  Epoe.    Zeitachrift  fur  Volker-psychologie,  V. 


of,  while  the  work  of  the  individual  is  accen- 
tuated and  brought  to  light"  (p.  339). 

It  is  a  striking  fact  that  the  most  important 
poems  in  English  which  have  some  right  to  be 
regarded  as  epics  of  art  approximate  closely  to 
the  folk-epic  in  some  essential  respects.  "  Sig- 
urd the  Volsnng,"  by  William  Morris,  is  a  fas- 
cinating re-telling  in  a  continuous  poem  of  the 
various  Eddie  poems  concerning  Sigurd  and  of 
the  prose  Volsunga  Saga.  The  poet  makes 
no  attempt  to  remove  all  the  difficulties  and 
inconsistencies  which  he  found  in  his  sources. 
The  story  which  Tennyson  chose  for  his  theme 
in  "  The  Idylls  of  the  King  "  took  its  rise  in 
remote  Celtic  tradition,  and,  becoming  later  a 
literary  tradition,  had  attracted  other  stories  to 
itself  and  had  been  fashioned  and  re-fashioned 
in  countless  ways  centuries  before  Tennyson. 
The  general  story  of  Milton's  "  Paradise  Lost " 
was  first  told  in  a  form  destined  to  dominate 
subsequent  writers,  by  Bishop  Avitus  of  Vienne, 
about  500  A.D.,  in  his  Latin  epic  poem,  "De 
Spiritalis  Historiae  Gestis."  Professor  Marsh 
of  Harvard  University  tells  us  that  this  poem 
was  itself  the  outcome  of  a  precedent  poetic 
tradition,  and  that  it  was  especially  poetical 
and  powerful  "  largely  because  Avitus  made 
use  freely  and  skilfully  of  what  his  predeces- 
sors had  done."*  Yet  Avitus  wrote  nearly 
1200  years  before  Milton.  Some  of  the  more 
important  English  versions  of  this  story  be- 
tween Avitus  and  Milton  are  to  be  found  in 
the  poems  formerly  attributed  to  Caedmon,  in 
the  Cursor  Mundi^  and  in  the  cycles  of  mys- 
tery plays.  The  last  editor  of  "  Paradise  Lost," 
Mr.  Moody,  in  his  admirable  "  Cambridge 
Milton,"  discusses  only  the  different  Renais- 
sance poems  which  treat  of  the  Fall  of  Man 
and  which  may  have  directly  influenced  Milton. 
If  we  bear  in  mind  the  entire  tradition,  the 
following  words  of  Mr.  Moody  become  so  much 
more  expressive :  In  a  "  restricted  but  still 
significant  sense,  Paradise  Lost  is  a  '  natural 
epic,'  with  a  law  of  growth  like  that  of  Beo- 
wulf* or  the  Iliad." 

We  can  say  in  general  that  the  two  concep- 
tions, —  that  of  an  epic  with  a  story  wholly 
invented  by  its  author,  so  far  as  invention  is 
possible,  and  that  of  one  made  up  of  folk-songs 
unaltered  but  arranged  in  the  most  effective 
order,  are  the  polar  opposites  of  each  other. 
It  is  probably  impossible  that  a  large,  impres- 
sive, and  unified  poem,  one  which  we  could 
properly  term  an  epic,  a  masterpiece  of  grand 
narrative,  could  approximate  very  closely  to 

•  Article  on  Avitus,  Johnson'*  Universal  Cyclopedia. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


97 


either  of  these  poles.  Among  all  the  epics 
accessible  to  the  general  reader,  the  Kalevala 
comes  nearest  to  one  of  these  extremes,  that 
of  a  simple  arrangement  of  folk-songs. 

The  first  volume  of  the  work  of  Abercromby 
is  mainly  occupied  in  discussing  the  geograph- 
ical distribution,  the  craniology,  and  the  pre- 
historic civilization  of  the  Finns.  The  last 
chapter  of  this  volume  treats  of  the  beliefs  of  the 
West  Finns  as  exhibited  in  their  magic  songs  ; 
while  the  second  volume  is  almost  entirely  occu- 
pied by  a  translation  of  a  very  large  portion  of 
the  great  collection  of  magic  songs  published  by 
Lonnrot  in  1880.  The  lover  of  the  Kalevala 
can  here  study  in  English  some  of  the  original 
materials  from  which  that  epic  was  made. 

Political  happenings  also  call  our  attention 
at  present  to  Finland.  Since  Russia  wrested 
this  district  from  Sweden  in  1809,  the  inhabi- 
tants have  enjoyed  more  freedom  and  a  better 
government  than  any  other  portion  of  the 
empire.  But  now  their  cherished  rights  are 
being  taken  away,  and  the  Finns  are  appeal- 
ing to  the  civilized  world  for  sympathy  and 
moral  support.  Would  that  the  recent  acts  of 
our  own  republic  had  not  taken  away  from  us 
the  right  and  the  power  to  speak  out  effectively 
in  behalf  of  freedom  and  self- government  for  the 

distressed  Finns  !  TT   m 

ALBERT  H.  TOLMAN. 


STUDIES  ix  COLONIAL,  ARCHITECTURE.* 


The  portfolio  of  plates  issued  under  the  title 
of  "  The  Georgian  Period  "  includes  a  collec- 
tion of  measured  drawings,  details,  picturesque 
sketches,  and  photographic  reproductions  of 
Colonial  work  in  Massachusetts,  New  York, 
New  Hampshire,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and 
South  Carolina ;  and  represents  the  work  of 
such  well-known  architectural  artists  as  Messrs. 
Frank  W.  Wallis,  David  A.  Gregg,  Claude 
Fayette  Bragdon,  E.  Eldon  Deane,  Pierre  G. 
Gulbranson,  George  C.  Tolmau,  and  others. 

This  work  is  especially  pleasing  and  valuable 
to  the  historian  and  to  the  lover  of  Colonial 
associations.  If  taken  in  the  spirit  of  one  of 
Fiske's  histories,  and  studied  in  connection 
with  it,  its  delight  and  charm  would  be  great. 
As  a  setting  for  incidents  in  Colonial  history, 
it  is  not  only  consistent,  but  necessary,  in  order 
that  a  complete  idea  of  the  lives  of  our  fore- 
fathers may  be  obtained. 

*  THE  GEORGIAN  PERIOD.  Being  Measured  Drawings  of 
Colonial  Work.  Boston :  American  Architect  and  Building 
News  Company. 


To  the  architect,  this  volume  is  also  useful 
if  viewed  in  a  reminiscent  way.  He  must  dis- 
criminate between  that  which  is  straightfor- 
ward and  unaffected  and  that  which  is  mere 
adaptation.  The  architect  who  looks  beyond 
many  of  the  Colonial  porches  to  the  simple  and 
dignified  walls,  with  their  well-proportioned 
openings,  will  find  much  value  in  these  plates. 
Our  meaning  is  illustrated  by  the  very  first 
plate  in  the  collection,  in  which  the  portion 
which  it  is  meant  to  illustrate  (the  porch)  is  the 
least  valuable  part ;  while  the  background  (the 
house)  is  charming  in  its  straightforwardness 
and  simplicity.  The  perspective  sketches  of 
the  Royal  Mansion,  by  Mr.  Deane,  give  a  Col- 
onial atmosphere  which  we  moderns  would  do 
well  to  emulate,  much  more  than  do  the  meas- 
ured drawings  of  details  of  the  same  building 
which  follow.  Architects  should  not  go  to 
such  sources  for  their  classic  detail.  If  they 
are  unable  to  relate  their  detail  to  the  time  and 
the  conditions  under  which  they  work,  and  feel 
that  they  must  go  to  precedent,  it  is  much  safer 
for  them  to  go  to  that  period  which  was  the 
guiding  one  for  our  Colonial  ancestors.  The 
value  of  this  work  is  therefore  suggestive  rather 
than  literal.  We  should  not  use  it  as  an  ency- 
clopaedia of  definite  forms  and  proportions.  We 
must  use  it  rather  as  an  encouragement  and 
inspiration  along  the  lines  of  simple  straight- 
forward design.  To  put  it  more  tersely, —  the 
measured  drawings  are  very  apt  to  do  our 
thinking  for  us,  whereas  we  should  compel  our 
architects  to  make  an  independent  problem  of 
every  commission  that  is  given  them. 

The  Colonial  church  is  a  delightful  building 
to  enter.  When  there,  we  step  back  into  the 
last  century.  There  is  danger,  however,  if  our 
architects  accept  this  model,  that  they  will 
ignore  the  increasing  democratic  tendencies  and 
the  changes  in  ecclesiastical  forms  which  have 
come  upon  us  since  those  churches  were  built. 
The  architect  who  would  do  the  parallel  thing, 
emulating  in  the  best  way  the  examples  left  by 
the  architects  of  these  churches,  would  realize 
the  institutional  character  which  is  to  govern 
our  churches  in  the  future,  and  would  give  his 
building  the  same  relation  to  that  institutional 
and  democratic  tendency  that  those  Colonial 
churches  have  to  the  Colonial  times  with  which 
they  most  charmingly  correspond. 

Through  this  delightful  series,  many  Colo- 
nial mantels  are  shown.  They  are,  most  of 
them,  faithful  applications  of  classic  or  renais- 
sance architecture  as  designed  for  stone  ;  and 
as  such  they  fail.  If  one  turns  to  Plate  26, 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


and  notes  the  plain  mantel  in  the  living-room 
of  the  Fairbanks  house,  he  will  find  a  spirit  of 
directness,  a  consistent  use  of  material,  with 
simplicity  and  harmonious  proportions ;  and 
that  sheet  alone  would  justify  the  publication 
of  this  work.  Combined  as  it  is  with  the  pho- 
tographic reproduction  of  the  exterior,  it  makes 
one  of  the  most  valuable  portions  of  the  volume. 

The  plate  giving  the  Jonathan  Childs  house 
in  Rochester  shows  a  detail  of  the  porch  which 
is  very  faithfully  worked  out,  and  may  be  use- 
ful if  one  wishes  to  build  for  archaeological  or 
museum  purposes.  It  is  distinctly  stone  archi- 
tecture, it  implies  a  temple,  and  it  is  not  con- 
sistent when  executed  in  wood  or  used  as  a 
dwelling ;  and  it  is  to  this  problem  of  consist- 
ency that  we  would  especially  bring  the  atten- 
tion of  our  architects. 

It  has  often  been  said  that  art  is  most  free 
when  its  media  are  most  restricted.  Compar- 
ison between  Plate  No.  1,  Part  II.,  on  one 
hand,  and  the  iron  work  shown  on  Plates  27 
'and  30,  Part  II.,  will  illustrate  this  point. 
Our  early  Colonial  builders  had  planes  which 
enabled  them  to  copy  stone  forms  in  wood  ;  and 
the  result  was  a  debased  art.  But  at  the  same 
time  they  did  not  have  such  power  over  iron. 
The  railing  referred  to,  which  is  in  the  New 
York  City  Hall,  is  distinctly  an  iron  railing. 
It  is  the  work  of  a  man  with  hammer  and 
anvil ;  and  being  compelled  by  the  nature  of 
the  material  to  work  along  more  or  less  orig- 
inal lines,  the  designer,  either  consciously  or 
unconsciously,  depended  upon  beautiful  line, 
good  proportion,  proper  spacing,  proper  bal- 
ance between  straight  lines  and  curved  lines,  — 
and  thus  he  produced  a  beautiful  thing.  He  gave 
another  example  of  the  power  of  independent 
thought  combined  with  artistic  perception. 

In  Part  No.  III.,  Plate  6,  the  sketches  by 
Mr.  Gregg  give  us  a  delightful  historic  sug- 
gestion. Plate  30  gives  us  a  charming  glimpse 
of  Providence  life.  Plate  16  is  an  illustration 
of  what  we  would  have  our  architects  avoid. 
It  is  a  mantel  designed  in  stone  and  executed 
in  wood,  and  covered  with  draperies  from  some 
antique  funeral.  There  is  a  certain  refinement, 
which  we  must  admit,  in  the  character  of  the 
moulding,  but  we  should  compel  our  architects 
to  work  with  equal  refinement  along  progres- 
sive lines.  To  be  consistent  they  should  derive 
the  motives  for  their  geometrical  and  conven- 
tional ornament  from  the  plants,  animals,  or 
things  of  any  nature  that  we  love  and  with 
which  we  surround  ourselves. 

DWIGHT  H.  PERKINS. 


CONGRESSIONAL  REGULATION  OF 
COMMERCE.* 

A  treatise  upon  one  clause  of  the  Constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States  is  an  innovation,  but 
a  wholesome  and  serviceable  one.  The  clause 
selected  in  this  instance  is  the  one  by  which 
the  people  of  America  sought  to  remedy  that 
evil  in  their  former  system  of  government 
which,  of  all  others,  they  seemed  to  feel  most 
deeply.  It  was  a  consultation  between  certain 
States  as  to  the  best  means  of  securing  a  gen- 
eral commercial  system,  which  proved  the  ini- 
tial step  toward  the  Constitutional  Convention 
of  1787.  To  provide  remedial  measures  in  this 
respect,  it  was  suggested  that  a  convention  be 
assembled  for  the  purpose  of  amending  the 
Articles  of  Union ;  and  that  assembly,  when 
convened,  prepared  the  frame  of  constitution 
which  the  people  afterward  adopted.  The  pro- 
vision committing  to  Congress  the  power  to 
regulate  foreign  and  domestic  commerce  did 
not  for  several  decades  excite  friction  sufficient 
to  call  for  the  interposition  of  the  courts.  By 
reason  of  this,  the  lines  of  demarkation  between 
the  proper  province  of  State  legislation  upon 
commercial  subjects,  and  the  field  within  which 
power  was  given  to  Congress,  were  for  a  long 
time  not  clearly  seen.  The  States,  legislating 
over  subjects  incidental  and  germane  to  com- 
merce, often  passed  laws  which  in  fact  assumed 
to  regulate  commerce.  But  in  time  it  became 
necessary  for  the  Federal  courts  to  interfere, 
and  to  expound  the  "  Commerce  Clause."  In 
1823,  the  legislation  of  South  Carolina  against 
the  introduction  of  free  negroes  into  that  State 
was,  by  Mr.  Justice  Johnson  in  the  United 
States  Circuit  Court,  declared  to  be  an  infringe- 
ment upon  the  exclusive  power  of  Congress  to 
regulate  commerce.  In  1824,  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  declared  void  the 
legislation  of  New  York  which  gave  to  Robert 
Fulton  and  his  associates  the  monopoly  of  nav- 
igating public  waters  with  the  lately  perfected 
steamboats.  Since  then,  the  occasions  have 
been  numerous  for  similar  interpositions  by 
the  courts  between  the  action  of  State  Legis- 
latures and  the  constitutional  powers  of  Con- 
gress. Only  one  other  clause  of  the  Federal 
Constitution,  and  that  the  one  which  forbids 
State  laws  impairing  the  obligation  of  con- 
tracts, has  called  for  a  larger  number  of  judi- 
cial deliverances. 

Messrs.  Prentice  and  Egan  have  furnished 

•Tn  CouuutOE  CLAUSE  OF  THE  FEDERAL  CONSTITU- 
TION. ByE.  Parmalee  Prentice  and  Job  a  G.  Kgan.  Chicago: 
CalUghma  &  Co. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


99 


a  treatise  on  the  Commerce  Clause  of  the 
•Constitution  which  will  be  instructive,  not  to 
lawyers  alone,  but  to  all  who  have  observed  the 
wonderful  development  of  commercial  spirit 
and  enterprise  in  the  United  States.  As  im- 
portant as  are  the  Police  power  and  the  Taxing 
power  of  the  States,  in  our  Federal  system,  and 
as  efficiently  as  these  powers  are  sustained  by 
the  Federal  courts,  they  are  required  to  yield 
precedence  and  are  subordinated  to  the  Com- 
merce power  of  the  central  government  when- 
ever they  are  found  to  be  in  conflict  with  it. 
The  theories  by  which  these  sometimes  warring 
powers  are  adjusted  to  harmonious  action  will 
interest  all  students  of  our  national  institutions. 
The  various  subjects  in  respect  to  which  the 
Congressional  power  is  exercised  —  namely,  the 
control  of  navigable  waters,  port  regulations, 
carriers,  rates,  and  taxation  —  are  treated  by 
the  authors  in  separate  chapters,  and  as  to  each 
the  course  of  jurisprudence  is  traced  in  its  de- 
velopment. The  question  whether  the  consti- 
tutional grant  of  power  to  Congress  is  ipso 
facto  exclusive  of  State  action,  when  not  exer- 
cised by  Congress,  has  been  variously  answered 
by  the  Federal  courts.  The  vacillations  of 
judicial  opinion  on  this  feature  of  the  subject 
are  traced  instructively  in  this  treatise. 

The  history  of  the  development  of  judicial 
opinion  concerning  the  Commerce  Clause,  as 
here  presented,  is  disappointing  in  one  respect. 
The  authors  advocate  the  untenable  theory  that 
the  United  States  did  not  become  a  Nation 
until  made  so  by  the  results  of  the  Civil  War. 
Politicians  and  partisans  often  find  this  a  con- 
venient postulate.  But  the  jurisprudence  of 
our  country  confutes  the  proposition,  and  the 
constitutional  arguments  which  rest  upon  it 
prove  to  be  misleading.  Our  authors  assume 
that  "  the  issue  of  the  Civil  War  finally  estab- 
lished, on  a  new  basis,  the  relations  between 
the  states  and  the  federal  government,"  and 
add: 

"  We  pass  from  the  old  regime  to  the  new,  not  by 
the  slow  processes  of  judicial  construction,  but  at  a 
single  step,  as  the  national  sovereignty  which  the  war 
established  as  a  fact  is  given  place  in  the  constitutional 
law  of  the  nation  by  the  decisions  of  the  Court." 

From  these  premises  the  conclusion  is  easily 
drawn  that  the  post-bellum  decisions  of  the 
Supreme  Court  under  the  Commerce  Clause, 
in  respect  to  national  and  State  action  on  com- 
mercial subjects,  have  worked  a  great  change 
"  in  the  construction  of  the  Federal  powers." 
To  enforce  this  theory  the  authors  say, — 
•"  In  Crandall  v.  Nevada  (1867)  may  be  found  the 


substance  of  what  was  accomplished  by  that  great 
struggle.  All  the  triumph  of  the  armies  of  the  Union 
breathes  in  its  stately  judgment  that  '  the  people  of 
these  United  States  constitute  one  nation.' " 

But  in  fact,  so  far  as  the  Federal  jurisprudence 
is  concerned,  that  doctrine  is  one  of  its  earliest 
principles.  In  the  case  of  Chisholm  v.  Georgia, 
the  Supreme  Court  in  1793  delivered  its  stately 
judgment,  answering  affirmatively  the  question, 
"  Do  the  people  of  the  United  States  form  a 
Nation  ?  "  This  principle  has  continuously 
been  adhered  to  by  the  courts,  and  it  formed 
the  basis  of  the  early  decisions  in  respect  to  the 
Commerce  Clause  in  1823  and  1824,  above 
mentioned.  In  the  light  of  constitutional  juris- 
prudence, the  United  States  has  always  been  a 
Nation,  and  the  war  worked  no  change  in  this 
respect.  What  it  did  accomplish  was  to  silence 
the  murmurs  of  discontent  against  the  settled 
law  of  the  land.  How  misleading  is  the  theory 
adopted  in  this  treatise  may  be  seen  in  the 
attempt  to  prove  it,  as  to  the  Commerce  Clause 
and  the  law  applicable  thereto,  by  the  case  of 
Crandall  v.  Nevada.  The  Supreme  Court  in 
that  case  declined  to  apply  the  Commerce 
Clause,  but  based  its  decision  upon  the  consti- 
tutional rights  which  appertain  to  United  States 
citizenship.  To  illustrate  its  views,  the  court 
in  this  Nevada  case  quoted  with  approval  from 
an  opinion  of  Chief  Justice  Taney,  given  in 
1848,  sustaining  the  constitutional  rights  of 
citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  declaring 
that  "  For  all  the  great  purposes  for  which  the 
Federal  government  was  formed,  we  are  one 
people,  with  one  common  country." 

JAMES  O.  PIERCE. 


PEACE,  WAR,  AND  HISTORY.* 

Mr.  William  T.  Stead  begins  his  book  on  "  The 
United  States  of  Europe  "  with  the  statement  that 
"  In  the  year  1898  two  strange  things  happened." 
These,  he  explains  at  some  length,  were  the  call  to 
arms  and  conquest  by  the  United  States  of  America, 
and  the  call  to  a  parliament  of  peace  by  the  Czar. 
The  two  are  placed  in  forcible  contrast.  He  says  : 
"  In  the  West  the  American  Republic,  which  for 


*  HISTORY  UP  TO  DATE.  By  William  A.  Johnston.  New 
York :  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co. 

THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  EUROPE.  By  William  T.  Stead. 
New  York  :  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co. 

CAN  WE  DISARM  ?  By  Joseph  McCabe  and  Georges  Darien. 
Chicago :  H.  S.  Stone  &  Co. 

THE  NEW  LEVIATHAN  ;  OR,  THE  WORLD  AT  PEACE.  By 
J.  A.  Farrer.  London  :  Elliot  Stock. 

THE  FEDERATION  OF  THE  WORLD.  By  Benjamin  F. 
Trueblood.  Boston:  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 


100 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


more  than  a  hundred  years  had  made  as  its  proudest 
boast  its  haughty  indifference  to  the  temptation  of 
territorial  conquest,  suddenly  abjured  its  secular 
creed,  and  concluded  a  war  upon  which  it  had  en- 
tered with  every  protestation  of  absolute  disinter- 
estedness by  annexations  so  sweeping  as  to  invest 
the  United  States  with  all  that  was  left  of  the  her- 
itage of  imperial  Spain."  Against  this  he  sets  a 
paragraph  of  equal  length  describing  the  military 
autocracy  which  now  heads  the  world  in  an  overt 
expression  of  the  love  for  peace. 

Mr.  William  A.  Johnston,  who  is  an  editorial 
writer  for  the  New  York  "  Herald,"  begins  his  "  His- 
tory up  to  Date  "  with  the  statement  that  "  This 
book  is  a  concise  account  of  the  birth  of  a  new  era 
in  the  United  States.  It  is  a  record  of  the  dying 
moments  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine,  the  spirit  that 
for  more  than  one  hundred  years  inspired  the  civic 
body  born  in  the  Revolution  of  the  American  Col- 
onies of  Great  Britain  near  the  end  of  the  last  cen- 
tury." It  is  hardly  necessary  to  recall  that  the 
United  States  has  recently  annexed  Hawaii  in  the 
face  of  a  majority  of  its  inhabitants ;  that  it  has 
had  in  the  Philippines  a  larger  army  than  King 
George  ever  imported  into  its  own  territories  during 
the  Revolution,  engaged  in  teaching  the  people  there 
that  governments  do  not  derive  their  just  rights 
from  the  consent  of  the  governed ;  that,  with  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  and  the  Monroe  Doc- 
trine, the  injunctions  of  Washington's  Farewell 
Address  and  Lincoln's  Gettysburg  Speech  have 
been  disregarded,  the  fear  of  standing  armies  wiped 
away,  and  the  solemn  pledges  of  the  Nation  thrown 
aside,  with  all  the  teachings  of  its  former  history 
and  best  tradition. 

As  a  consequence,  Mr.  Stead  observed  the  rep- 
resentatives of  the  United  States  at  the  Hague  in 
the  interests  of  peace  when  their  country  is  actu- 
ally engaged  in  a  war  against  the  independence  of 
a  people  armed  by  itself,  and  proposing  a  method 
of  international  arbitration  in  the  face  of  its  own 
flat  and  unexplained  refusal  to  arbitrate  its  differ- 
ences with  Spain  when  that  unhappy  nation  pleaded 
for  it.  And  the  American  who  remains  at  home 
finds  other  things  not  less  contradictory  and  strange, 
all  of  them  indicating  that  the  methods  of  Europe, 
which  made  us  great  only  because  for  a  century  and 
a  quarter  of  national  life  they  were  carefully  avoided, 
are  now  to  make  us  greater  by  our  adopting  them 
in  minute  detail.  And  over  all  the  wrench  given 
our  institutions  is  spread  a  pall  of  silence,  the  re- 
fusal on  the  part  of  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  to  make  known  the  truth  in  respect  of  its 
military  or  other  operations  in  its  newly  conquered 
territories,  and  the  refusal  of  the  dominant  political 
party  to  permit  any  expression  of  dissent  from  a 
policy  which  Russia  itself  sees  that  the  world  has 
fairly  outgrown. 

These  considerations  make  the  majority  of  these 
books  dismal  and  unsatisfactory  reading.  Mr. 
Stead's  work  is  the  result  of  an  extended  journey 


through  continental  Europe,  and  while  it  speaks 
with  no  uncertain  voice  for  peace,  it  finds  in  the 
prospect  of  a  united  Europe  the  best  means  of 
meeting  the  new  menace  to  the  world's  harmony  in 
the  form  of  the  Great  Republic  militant.  Through- 
out the  capitals  of  the  great  powers  he  found  an 
increasing  feeling  that  the  burden  of  war  was  grow- 
ing too  heavy  to  be  borne,  armaments  over  there 
causing  an  expenditure  almost  as  great  as  the  bribes 
offered  to  the  American  electorate  in  the  form  of 
pensions  in  the  case  of  several  of  the  nations 
involved.  His  argument  is  carried  to  its  logical 
conclusion  by  Mr.  Farrer's  ••  New  Leviathan,"  in 
which  is  shown  the  curious  fact  that  socialism  and 
other  means  for  the  elimination  of  national  bound- 
aries have  their  rise  in  the  very  standing  armies 
created  for  the  insurance  of  national  feeling.  The 
work  of  Messrs.  McCabe  and  Darien,  "  Can  We 
Disarm?  "  takes  the  question  on  its  economical  side 
and  returns  a  cautious  answer,  seeing  in  the  return 
to  civil  life  of  the  present  array  of  soldiery,  and  in 
the  disturbance  to  manufactures  caused  by  the 
cessation  of  the  demand  for  warlike  material,  a 
double  objection  not  to  be  lightly  overcome.  And 
Dr.  Trueblood's  "  Federation  of  the  World "  is, 
again,  a  plea  for  the  world-wide  solidarity  which 
Kant  dreamed  of  and  Tennyson  sang :  well  consid- 
ered, logical,  cogent,  conclusive,  and,  in  the  light 
of  America's  present  attitude,  impossible. 

Mr.  Johnston's  history  is,  of  all  issued  so  far,  the 
only  one  which  pretends  to  philosophy.  Though 
himself  carried  away  by  the  glamour  of  empire,  he 
is  not  wholly  blinded  to  the  possibilities  of  the 
overthrow  of  our  national  inheritance.  His  work 
is  succinct,  never  discursive,  manifestly  fair  as  such 
histories  are,  but  not  sufficiently  extended  to  take  in 
the  present  struggle  for  liberty  on  behalf  of  the 
Filipinos.  The  other  books,  without  exception, 
point  to  the  fact  that  Russia  is  merely  the  leader 
of  a  sentiment  toward  disarmament  which  i-  grow- 
ing rapidly  in  all  the  world  outside  the  United 
States  —  except  in  some  of  the  adjacent  countries, 
like  Mexico,  which  are  arming  in  fear  of  this  coun- 
try's present  sinister  attitude.  All  serve  to  empha- 
size the  shameful  fact  that  lack  of  statesmanship  in 
America  permits  us  to  clamor  for  empire  to  extend 
our  trade  in  the  face  of  a  tariff  designed  for  no  pur- 
pose but  to  prevent  it  —  now  carried  to  its  logical 
and  unconstitutional  extremity  in  being  raised 
against  Puerto  Rico ;  in  blaming  Russia  for  wrest- 
ing autonomy  from  Finland,  while  we  are  seeking 
to  deprive  the  Philippines  and  Cuba  of  all  govern- 
ment not  based  upon  the  sword  ;  of  preaching  the 
benefits  of  a  republic,  when  we  deny,  either  actu- 
ally or  theoretically,  our  suffrage  to  all  who  are  not 
of  the  white  race ;  of  advocating  arbitration  after 
engaging  in  a  war  in  which  we  had  refused  it ;  and 
of  interesting  ourselves  in  international  disarma- 
ment at  the  very  moment  we  are  increasing  our 
standing  army  and  navy  to  an  extent  unprecedented 
in  our  history.  WALLACE  RICK. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


101 


BRIEFS  ox  NEW  BOOKS. 


Mr.  N.  A.  Jennings's  lively  account 
Experiences  of  a  of  hig  experiences  as  "A  Texas 

Texas  Ranger.  f 

Hanger  (ocribner)  forms  a  capital 
yarn,  a  rather  perilous  one,  we  should  think,  to 
put  in  the  hands  of  a  boy  of  adventurous  tastes. 
When  we  say  "yarn  "  we  do  n't  mean  to  hint  a  doubt 
of  Mr.  Jennings's  veracity.  On  the  contrary,  we 
find  reason  to  think  that  he  has  been,  as  he  claims, 
a  veritable  "  Ranger,"  a  hunter  of  outlaws,  in 
the  storied  days  when  the  Lone  Star  State  was 
the  paradise  of  gentlemen  who  lived  as  they  listed 
and  died  with  their  boots  on.  Mr.  Jennings  went 
out  to  Texas,  a  youth  of  eighteen,  in  1874.  He 
was  the  home-bred  son  of  a  Philadelphia  merchant, 
enticed  from  the  sober  ideals  of  the  city  of  broad- 
brims  by  the  lurid  articles  of  Colonel  J.  A.  Knox, 
in  the  "  Texas  New  Yorker."  Colonel  Knox's  paper 
assured  Mr.  Jennings  that  he  need  only  go  to  Texas 
to  become  a  cattle-king  and  the  owner  of  a  county 
or  so  of  land ;  so  he  set  out,  with  his  father's  bless- 
ing and  one  hundred  dollars  in  cash,  to  take  pos- 
session. Arrived  at  San  Antonio,  his  $100  had 
shrunk  to  $3.25.  A  Mexican  gaming-house  relieved 
him  of  this  last  shot  in  the  locker;  and  a  brief 
career  of  "  cow-punching,"  clerking,  filibustering, 
and  what  not,  followed.  At  last  Mr.  Jennings 
succeeded  in  joining  the  famous  "  Rangers,"  under 
Captain  McNelly,  with  which  corps  he  served 
until  late  in  1879.  The  story  of  his  adventures  is 
simply  and  graphically  told,  and  it  gives  one  a  very 
fair  idea  of  the  character  of  the  Rangers,  as  well  as 
of  the  more  famous  of  the  desperadoes  who  were 
"  wanted "  by  the  authorities  for  one  atrocious 
crime  or  another.  In  his  opening  chapter  the 
author  bears  witness  to  the  great  change  for  the 
better  in  the  social  conditions  of  Texas,  since  the 
seventies.  "  In  no  State  in  the  Union  is  the  law 
more  respected  than  it  is  in  Texas  to-day."  Mr. 
Jennings  has  in  some  instances  changed  the  names 
of  persons  introduced  in  the  narrative  ;  for,  he  sig- 
nificantly says :  "  During  a  recent  visit  to  Texas, 
for  the  purpose  of  going  over  the  scenes  of  the  ad- 
ventures of  early  days,  I  found  a  number  of  highly 
respected  citizens,  living  exemplary  lives,  who  had 
formerly  been  eagerly  hunted  by  officers  of  the  law." 

Mr.  Fisher  Unwin's  "  Library  of 
Literary  History,"  of  which  the 
Messrs.  Scribner  are  the  American 
publishers,  has  proved  thus  far  to  be  an  extremely 
creditable  undertaking.  Mr.  Frazer's  "  Literary 
History  of  India,"  which  opened  the  series,  has 
already  been  noticed  by  us,  and  there  now  comes 
to  our  table  "  A  Literary  History  of  Ireland,"  by 
Dr.  Douglas  Hyde.  An  interesting  announcement 
is  that  of  "A  Literary  History  of  the  United  States," 
by  Professor  Barrett  Wendell.  The  publishers  and 
editors  have  been  well  advised  in  placing  the  pre- 
paration of  the  present  volume  in  the  hands  of  Dr. 
Hyde,  who  is  probably  the  most  competent  scholar 


The  literary 
history  of 
Ireland. 


living  for  the  performance  of  such  a  piece  of  work. 
His  acquaintance  with  the  subject  is  both  extensive 
and  profound,  and  he  is  the  master  of  a  polished 
and  interesting  style.  Moreover,  the  distinction 
between  "  A  Literary  History  of  Ireland  "  and  a 
"  History  of  Irish  Literature  "  gives  the  author  suit- 
able latitude  for  the  development  of  his  theme.  Had 
his  subject  taken  the  latter  form,  this  big  book  of 
six  hundred  and  fifty  pages  could  hardly  have  been 
justified ;  as  it  is,  the  author  remains  within  legiti- 
mate bounds,  and  is  yet  free  to  express  himself 
fully.  A  "  Literary  History  of  Irish  Ireland  "  he 
himself  calls  the  book,  for  he  has  nothing  to  say  of 
what  was  done  by  Swift,  Goldsmith,  and  Burke, 
but  confines  himself  to  writings  in  the  vernacular. 
The  book  is  largely  the  history  of  an  unprinted  lit- 
erature —  a  literature  preserved  only  in  manuscripts 
and  oral  tradition.  Over  a  thousand  such  manu- 
scripts are  known,  with  contents  extending  to  per- 
haps twenty  thousand  pieces  of  all  lengths,  from 
the  single  quatrain  to  the  epic  saga.  It  was  less 
than  twenty  years  ago  when,  in  the  author's  own 
alma  mater,  a  popular  lecturer  said,  "in  gross 
ignorance  but  perfect  good  faith,  that  the  sooner 
the  Irish  recognized  that  before  the  arrival  of 
Cromwell  they  were  utter  savages,  the  better  it 
would  be  for  all  concerned."  It  is  to  controvert 
such  reckless  statements  as  this  that  Dr.  Hyde  has 
so  effectively  labored,  and  it  is  not  suprising  that 
the  note  of  indignation  escapes  him  now  and  then. 
We  do  not  pretend  to  review  this  book,  which  is 
the  first  attempt  at  a  consecutive  treatment  of  the 
subject  that  has  been  made.  We  doubt  if  there  is 
a  Celtic  scholar  in  America  whose  attempt  to  pass 
critical  judgment  upon  it  would  not  be  an  imperti- 
nence. But  we  record  with  pleasure  this  tribute  to 
Dr.  Hyde's  scholarship  and  to  the  attractiveness  of 
his  work,  and  we  place  the  book  among  our  stand- 
ard literary  histories  with  the  greatest  satisfaction. 

"  Who 's  Who  "  has  been  for  many 
Who '«  Who  an  Engii8tj  reference  book, 

tn  America.  J 

published  annually,  and  of  the  great- 
est usefulness  to  editors  and  literary  workers.  The 
publishers  of  "  Who 's  Who  in  America  "  (A.  N.  Mar- 
quis &  Co.)  have  taken  the  English  work  as  a  model, 
although  not  for  slavish  imitation,  and  have  produced 
a  volume  that  in  the  strictest  sense  supplies  a  long- felt 
want.  It  is  a  biographical  dictionary  of  Americans 
now  living,  and  distinguished  for  their  achievements 
in  literature,  education,  statesmanship,  science,  com- 
merce, or  other  fields  of  activity.  The  biographies 
give  only  the  essential  facts,  and  the  form  of  state- 
ment is  as  condensed  as  possible.  Since,  in  nearly 
all  cases,  the  facts  stated  have  been  submitted  for 
verification  to  the  subjects  concerned,  the  work  is 
highly  trustworthy.  We  hasten  to  add  that  the 
editor  has  been  duly  critical  of  the  material  offered 
him,  and  has  strictly  suppressed  the  efforts  of  self- 
seeking  mediocrities  to  gain  admission  to  its  pages. 
He  claims  for  his  book  "  the  virtue  of  being  honestly 
and  conscientiously  compiled,"  and,  after  a  rather 


102 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16r 


The  new 

periodical 

deluxe. 


close  examination,  we  see  no  reason  to  suspect  the 
genuineness  of  the  claim.  The  preface  gives  some 
amusing  incidents  concerning,  on  the  one  hand,  the 
difficulties  experienced  in  extracting  information 
from  some  of  the  people  approached,  and,  on  the 
other,  the  sort  of  wire-pulling  done  by  people  who 
were  not  approached  in  order  to  attract  attention 
to  their  unimportant  selves.  The  exact  number  of 
biographies  included  is  8602,  which  is  rather  more 
than  one  to  ten  thousand  of  our  population.  To 
the  State  of  New  York  2039  are  credited,  to  Massa- 
chusetts 742,  to  the  District  of  Columbia  724,  to 
Pennsylvania  622,  and  to  Illinois  564.  There  is 
an  interesting  table  of  educational  statistics,  show- 
ing that  3237  are  graduates  of  colleges,  besides 
an  odd  thousand  of  graduates  from  professional 
schools.  Another  useful  feature  is  a  necrology  of 
persons  who  have  died  since  January  1, 1895.  Mr. 
John  W.  Leonard  is  the  editor  of  this  work,  which 
will  be  found  indispensable  by  many  classes  of 
people. 

The  first  number  of  "The  Anglo- 
Saxon  Review,"  Lady  Randolph 
Spencer  Churchill's  new  periodical, 
has  come  to  hand,  and  justifies  all  that  has  been 
promised  for  it  from  the  artistic  and  mechanical 
points  of  view.  The  sumptuous  binding  in  full 
morocco  copies  a  cover  made  in  Paris  by  some  un- 
known artist  of  the  late  sixteenth  century  for  King 
James  I.  The  illustrations  are  reproductions  of 
seven  famous  portraits,  including  Stuart's  Washing- 
ton, Reynolds's  Georgians,  Duchess  of  Devonshire, 
Rubens's  Anne  of  Austria,  and  Mr.  Onslow  Ford's 
bust  of  Queen  Victoria.  As  for  the  literary  con- 
tributors, it  would  take  archangels  to  live  up  to  all 
this  magnificence  of  decoration  and  typography,  and 
Mr.  Whitelaw  Reid,  for  example,  is  not  exactly  an 
archangel.  He  discourses  of  "  Some  Consequences 
of  the  Last  Treaty  of  Paris."  There  are  stories  by 
Mr.  Henry  James,  Miss  Elizabeth  Robins,  and  Mr. 
Gilbert  Parker,  a  three-act  play  by  Mrs.  Craigie,  a 
great  poem  by  Mr.  Swinburne,  a  masterly  study  of 
Peel  by  Lord  Rosebery,  and  many  other  interest- 
ing things.  Altogether,  the  literary  make-up  of  the 
number  is  highly  creditable  to  the  taste  and  sagac- 
ity of  the  editor.  The  volume  is  one  of  more  than 
two  hundred  and  fifty  pages,  and  Mr.  John  Lane 
is  the  American  publisher. 

How  to  write  a  pastoral  nowadays 
is  a  curious  question.  Pastorals,  in 
the  strict  sense  of  the  word,  have 
been  for  some  time  lacking  in  our  poetry.  Herrick's 
"  Hock-cart  "  was  one  of  the  last  genuine  pastorals ; 
Thomson  and  Crabbe  seem,  on  different  sides,  a 
little  wide  of  the  line.  What  would  a  modern  pas- 
toral be?  We  suppose  it  must  be  realistic  to  a  cer- 
tain degree  :  a  generation  which  has  known  Joseph 
Poorgrass  and  the  other  worthies  of  Wessex  is  not 
likely  to  accept  vague  shepherds  piping  on  banks 
of  lilies  or  swains  leading  up  the  dance  beneath  the 
village  tree.  Then  it  must  be  romantic,  too,  with 


A  modern 
pastoral. 


the  romance  of  nature,  with  that  feeling  for  the 
strangeness  and  mystery  of  the  deep  woods  and 
open  uplands  that  is  one  of  the  notes  of  the  poetry 
of  this  century.  Then  probably  it  must  be  idealistic, 
in  that  each  figure  and  character  must  be  sur- 
charged with  the  feeling  or  atmosphere  of  some 
mood  or  tendency  in  thought ;  for  that  is  something 
we  cannot  escape  now.  And  it  should  also  be 
classic:  for  the  pastoral  is  a  traditional  form,  it 
reminds  us  of  the  best  periods  of  our  literature,  it 
is  a  form  moulded  by  the  touch  of  masters  who  are 
classic.  All  this  perhaps  one  could  say  a  priori. 
But  we  have  not  done  so :  we  have  run  over  these 
necessities  only  after  reading  Mr.  Maurice  Hewlett's 
"  Pan  and  the  Young  Shepherd  "  (Lane).  It  is  a 
delightful  book  for  this  time  of  the  year.  We  have 
mentioned  some  characteristics  that  it  may  amuse 
the  reader  to  note.  But  it  may  well  be  that  the 
reader  will  prefer  to  pay  no  heed  to  such  matters, 
but  rather  to  follow  simply  the  half-real  dream  as 
he  lies  on  some  summer  hillside  that  stretches  itself 
out  to  the  sun  and  the  sea.  If  this  be  his  feeling, 
we  shall  not  quarrel  with  it. 

There  are  possibly  golf-players  in 
this  country  who  will  remember  the 
opinion  prevailing,  say  five  or  six 
years  ago,  concerning  the  proper  sphere  of  woman 
in  the  golfing  universe.  Such  readers  will  smile 
(or  sigh)  as  they  look  at  "  Our  Lady  of  the  Green  : 
A  Book  about  Ladies'  Golf."  by  Louie  Mackern 
and  M.  Boys  (Lippincott).  We  shall  not  presume 
to  judge  the  precise  value  of  this  work  to  feminine 
readers.  So  far  as  playing  the  game  is  concerned, 
we  are  inclined  to  think  that  if  any  book  be  useful 
it  will  be  some  book  without  distinction  of  sex. 
There  is  but  one  game  of  golf,  and  men  and  women 
play  it,  or  try  to,  in  much  the  same  way.  There 
are,  however,  certain  minor  matters  concerning 
which  women  may  well  have  something  to  say  to 
each  other,  and  these  points  our  authors  wisely 
make  their  chief  topics.  The  special  necessities  of 
ladies'  links,  the  delicacies  incident  to  ladies'  clubs 
and  club  teams,  some  particular  points  of  play, 
notes  on  clothes,  and  so  on,  —  these  are  matters 
which  an  ordinary  golf-book  rather  neglects,  and 
the  chapters  here  devoted  to  them  may  well  find 
interested  readers.  It  must  also  be  remarked  that 
this  is  an  English  book,  and  that  about  two-thirds 
of  it  will  be  useful  on  this  side  the  water  chiefly 
for  reference.  The  account  of  the  Ladies'  Golf 
Union,  the  descriptions  of  ladies'  links  and  of  good 
"  lady  players,"  especially  the  directory  of  fifty 
ladies'  clubs,  which  last  takes  up  almost  half  the 
book,  —  these  parts  are  hardly  exciting  over  here. 
Still,  even  these  matters,  while  they  are  not  of 
great  immediate  interest  to  us,  make  the  book  a 
useful  one  for  a  club  library.  One  chapter  will 
perhaps  be  a  subject  of  serious  interest  to  some  en- 
terprising Americans,  namely,  that  which  discusses 
the  advantages  of  the  (possible)  profession  of  Lady 
Greenkeeper  and  Professional. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


103 


Stars  and 
Telescopes. 


Professor  Todd's  "  Stars  and  Tele- 
scopes "  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.)  is  not 
a  school  text-book  in  astronomy  (al- 
though it  might  be  put  to  that  use),  but  rather  a 
popular  account  of  the  subject  for  general  reading. 
It  is  largely  based  upon  Mr.  William  T.  Lynn's 
"  Celestial  Motions,"  a  book  widely  popular  in  En- 
gland, only  a  few  of  the  chapters  being  Professor 
Todd's  own.  The  subject  of  "  The  Cosmogony  " 
receives  special  treatment  in  a  chapter  mainly  writ- 
ten by  Dr.  See.  The  leading  features  of  this  vol- 
ume are  found  in  its  wealth  of  illustration  (the 
plates  and  cuts  are  literally  numbered  by  hundreds), 
its  inclusion  of  the  very  latest  results  of  research, 
its  full  account  of  existing  observatories,  and  the 
space  which  it  gives  to  the  history  of  the  science. 
Besides  this,  it  succeeds  in  condensing  an  immense 
amount  of  information  within  reasonable  limits,  and 
without  any  sacrifice  of  clearness.  Indeed,  it  is  one 
of  the  most  readable  books  upon  astronomy  that  we 
have  ever  seen,  being  in  this  respect  as  attractive 
as  the  books  of  the  late  R.  A.  Proctor.  Making 
no  demands  upon  the  mathematical  resources  of  its 
readers,  the  book  is  admirably  calculated  to  interest 
the  layman  in  its  fascinating  subject. 

The  late  Irving  Browne  of  Buffalo 
was  known  and  beloved  by  book- 
collectors  everywhere,  and  the  sump- 
tuous volume  containing  his  "  Ballads  of  a  Book- 
Worm  "  will  not  lack  of  readers.  "  Unless  you 
love  books  aside  from  their  contents  do  not  read 
this  book  at  all,  —  it  is  not  meant  for  mere  readers," 
says  Mr.  Browne  in  his  "  Foreword  ";  but  we  think 
there  are  few,  whether  collectors  or  not,  who  could 
fail  to  enjoy  the  genial  humor  and  good-natured 
satire  of  these  pleasant  little  "  thoughts,  fancies, 
and  adventures  a-collecting."  In  the  mechanical 
production  of  the  volume  Mr.  Hubbard  and  his 
associates  of  the  Roycroft  Press  have  surpassed 
even  themselves.  Paper,  presswork,  and  binding 
are  all  of  the  best,  and  the  large  hand-colored  ini- 
tial letters  scattered  throughout  the  book  are  beau- 
tifully executed.  Altogether  it  is  a  volume  to 
gladden  the  heart  of  the  bibliophile,  and  one  of 
which  the  Roycrofters  may  well  be  proud. 


A  composite 
Life  of 
Gladstone. 


The  two-volume  "  Life  of  Gladstone" 
(Putnam),  edited  by  Sir  Wemyss 
Reid,  is  put  together  on  factory  prin- 
ciples, each  part  of  the  finished  product  being  the 
work  of  a  special  hand  to  whom  was  assigned  the 
"  job  "  he  was  thought  best  qualified  to  cope  with. 
The  political  portion  of  the  narrative  is  mainly 
from  the  pen  of  Mr.  F.  W.  Hirst,  who  contributes 
twelve  out  of  the  total  of  twenty  chapters.  Mr. 
F.  A.  Robbins  writes  of  Mr.  Gladstone's  ancestry 
and  earlier  years ;  Mr.  Arthur  J.  Butler  describes 
him  as  Scholar,  Canon  McColl  as  Theologian,  the 
Rev.  W.  Tuckwell  as  Critic,  Sir  Henry  W.  Lucy  as 
Orator,  and  so  on.  As  a  result  of  all  this  collab- 
oration and  specialization  the  work  gives  an  impres- 


sion of  scrappiness,  and  it  must  be  read  in  parts  and 
passim  to  be  enjoyed.  But  it  is  matterful  and 
graphic,  and  its  pictures  are  profuse  and  pleasantly 
miscellaneous.  Meanwhile,  the  critical  world  looks 
expectantly  to  Mr.  John  Morley,  who  will,  we  trust,  in 
his  forthcoming  biographical  venture,  give  us  mainly 
biography  proper,  and  not  political  and  social  philos- 
ophy with  a  slight  leaven  of  biography,  as  his  wont  has 
been  heretofore. 


LITERARY  NOTES. 


"  How  to  Swim  "  is  the  title  of  a  practical  treatise 
upon  the  art  in  question,  by  Captain  Davis  Dalton  (who 
certainly  knows  how),  just  published  by  Messrs.  Putnam. 

A  new  edition  of  "  What  Women  Can  Earn "  has 
just  been  published  by  the  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co. 
Many  young  women  who  seek  to  become  self-supporting 
are  likely  to  find  helpful  guidance  in  this  volume  of 
papers  by  many  hands. 

An  announcement  of  interest  to  librarians,  book- 
sellers, and  all  book  buyers,  is  "  The  United  States 
Catalog,"  [stc]  giving  author  and  title  of  all  books  in 
print  to  date.  It  is  issued  by  Mr.  H.  W.  Wilson,  of 
Messrs.  Morris  &  Wilson,  Minneapolis. 

The  publishers  of  "  The  Atlantic  Monthly  "  announce 
that  Mr.  Walter  H.  Page  has  resigned  the  editorship  of 
the  magazine  to  accept  a  position  in  the  allied  houses  of 
Harper  &  Brothers  and  the  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co. 
He  will  be  succeeded  by  Mr.  Bliss  Perry,  well-known  as 
essayist  and  story  writer,  and  lately  professor  of  English 
at  Princeton  University. 

A  new  series  of  literary  primers  is  about  to  be  pub- 
lished by  the  Macmillaii  Co.  "  Temple  Primers  "  they 
are  called,  being  similar  in  form  to  the  "  Temple  "  edi- 
tions of  Shakespeare  and  other  English  classics.  A 
primer  on  Dante,  by  Mr.  E.  G.  Gardner,  will  be  the 
first  publication  in  this  series.  Apropos  of  the  "  Temple" 
Shakespeare,  the  publishers  anuounce  a  reissue,  reset  in 
larger  type,  and  richly  illustrated  from  antiquarian 
sources.  It  will  fill  twelve  volumes,  designed  for  the 
library,  not  for  the  pocket,  and  will  remain  under  the 
editorship  of  Mr.  Gollancz. 

Mrs.  Voynich,  whose  novel,  "  The  Gadfly,"  has 
already  had  to  be  printed  in  this  country  seventeen 
times,  arrived  in  New  York  the  other  day.  The  drama- 
tization of  the  novel  will  be  given  in  September,  with 
Mr.  Stuart  Robson  as  the  Gadfly  and  Miss  Marie  Bur- 
roughs as  the  Amazonian  Gemma.  Mrs.  Voynich  brings 
with  her  numerous  photographs  and  sketches  of  the 
quaint  architecture  and  characteristic  scenery  amid 
which  the  plot  of  the  story  takes  its  course. 

The  death  of  Dr.  Daniel  Garrison  Brinton,  on  the  last 
day  of  July,  at  the  age  of  sixty-two,  was  a  serious  loss 
to  American  scholarship.  Dr.  Brinton's  authority  upon 
matters  of  American  ethnology  and  archaeology  was  of 
the  highest,  and  his  publications  very  numerous.  Among 
them  we  may  mention  "  Myths  of  the  New  World," 
"  American  Hero  Myths,"  "  Maya  Chronicles,"  "  Essays 
of  an  Americanist,"  and  "Races  and  Peoples."  Dr. 
Brinton  was  also  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  War,  an  editor 
of  various  scientific  journals,  and  a  professor  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  Not  long  ago  he  presented 
to  that  institution  his  entire  collection  of  books  and 
manuscripts  relating  to  the  aboriginal  languages  of 
America,  over  two  thousand  titles  in  all. 


104 


THE    DIAL 


[Aug.  16, 


LIST  or  NEW  BOOKS. 

[Tke  following  lift,  containing  59  title*,  include*  book* 
received  by  TH«  DIAL  line*  it*  Itut  i**ve.] 

HISTOR  Y. 
Russia  In  Asia:  A  Record  and  a  Study,  1658-1899.    By 

Alexis  Krausse.     With  maps,  large  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  411. 

Henry  Holt  A  Co.     $4. 
China.     By  Robert  K.    Dontlas.      lllus.,   12rao,   pp.   456. 

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1899.] 


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1899.] 


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107 


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PEPYS.— The  Diary  of  Samuel   Pepys. 

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SPARKS.  — The  Men  Who  Made  the 
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CRAWFORD.  — Via  Crucis.  A  ROMANCE 
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ILLUSTRATED  BOOKS. 

CRAWFORD.  —  Saracinesca.    Illustrated 
tditinn.    By  F.  MABION  CRAWFORD,  author 
of  "  Corleone,"  etc.     With  illustrations  by 
Orson  Lowell.     Two  volumes. 
Cloth,  12 wo,  $5  00.    Ready  in  November. 

EARLB.  —  Child  Life  in  Colonial  Days. 

By  ALICE  MORSE  EARLE,  author  of  "  Home 
Life  in  Colonial  Days,"  etc.   Profusely  illus- 
trated. 
Cloth,  12mo,  $2.50.    Ready  in  November. 

BRUN.—  Tales  of  Languedoc.  By  SAMUEL 
JACQUES  BRUN.  With  an  Introduction  by 
HARRIET  W  PRESTON.  Nno  Kiition. 

Cloth,  12mo,  $1.50.    Ready  in  October. 
Folk-lore    and    fairy    tales    illustrated    by 

Ernest  C.  Peixotto. 

JOHNSON.— Among  English  Hedgerows. 
By  CLIFTON  JOHNSON.  Introduction  by 
HAMILTON  W.  MABIB.  Illustrated  from  orig- 
inal photographs. 

'  Cloth,  crown  Svo.    Ready  in  October. 

MARBLE.  — Nature  Pictures  by  Amer- 
ican Poets.  Edited  by  Mrs.  ANNIE  RUS- 
SELL MARBLE.  With  illustrations  in  photo- 
gravure. 

Cloth,  crown  Svo.    Ready  in  October. 
Aims  to  foster  acquaintance  with  American 

poets  and  painters. 

WELLS.  —  A  Jingle  Book.  By  CABOLYN 
WELLS.  Illustrated  by  Oliver  Herter. 

Cloth,  crown  Svo.     Rmdy  in  S'ptember. 
The  charm  of  the  bright  jingles  is  heightened 

by  appropriate  drawings,  full  of  quaint  humor. 

WISE.—  Diomed.  THE  LIEE,  TRAVELS,  AND 
OBSERVATIONS  OF  A  DOG.  By  JOHN  SBB- 
GEANT  WISE.  Over  100  illustrations  by  J. 
Linton  Chapman. 

Cloth,  12mo.    Ready  in  September. 
A  story  of  Virginian  home  life  from  a  setter 

dog's  point  of  view,  being  his  autobiography 

and  philosophy. 
*#*  Special  illustrated  books  are  described  in 

other  groups. 

ROOKS  FOR  YOUNG  PEOPLE 

GARLAND.  — Boy  Life  on  the  Prairies. 

By  HAMLIN  GARLAND,  author  of  "Prairie 
Folks,"  etc. 

Cloth,  12mo,  $  1 .50.  Ready  in  November. 
Full  of  graphic,  healthy  realism. 

THACHER.  —  The   Listening   Child.     A 

SELECTION  FROM  THE  STORES  OF  ENGLISH 
VERSE.  By  LUCY  W.  S.  THACHEB.  With  an 
Introduction  by  THOMAS  WENTWORTH  Hia- 
GINSON.  Cloth,  12mo.  Rendii  in  October. 
A  well-considered,  discriminating  selection 

from  the  treasures  of  verse  by  English  and 

American  poets. 

WRIGHT.-  Wabbeno  the  Magician.    By 

MABEL  O*GOOD  WRIGHT,  author  of  "Bird- 
craft,"  "  Fourfooted  Americans,"  etc.  Fully 
illustrated  by  Joseph  M.  Gleeson. 

Cloth,  12uio.     Ready  in  September. 
The  sequel  to  "  Tommy  Anne  and  the  Three 
Hearts." 


The  MaemiUan  Announcement  List  for  the  coming  season  contains  so  many  titles  that 
but  a  few  are  mentioned  here.  A  similar  selection  of  Forthcoming  Books  on  Literature, 
Archaeology,  Education,  Politics,  Philosophy,  and  the  Sciences  will  follow  on  September  16. 


Send  for  a  fuller  and  complete  List  now  in  Press  of  the  Forthcoming  Books  of 

THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY,   PUBLISHERS,   NEW  YORK  CITY. 


112  THE     DIAL  [Sept.  1,  1899. 

IMPORTANT  NEW   FICTION. 


READY  SHORTLY. 
ANTHONY    HOPE'S   NEW    NOVEL, 

THE  KING'S  MIRROR. 

MR.  HOPE'S  new  romance  pictures  the  life  of  a  prince  and  king  under  conditions  modern, 
and  yet  shared  by  representatives  of  royalty  almost  throughout  history.  The  inter- 
actions of  the  people  and  royalty,  the  aspirations  of  the  prince,  the  intrigues  surrounding 
him,  the  cares  of  state,  and  the  craving  for  love,  are  some  of  the  motives  developed,  with  the 
accompaniments  of  incident  and  adventure,  wherein  the  author  proves  his  mastery  of  sus- 
pended interest  and  dramatic  effect.  In  the  subtle  development  of  character  nothing  that 
this  brilliant  author  has  written  is  shrewder  than  this  vivid  picture  of  a  king's  inner  life.  It 
is  a  romance  which  will  not  only  absorb  the  attention  of  readers,  but  impress  them  with  a 
new  admiration  for  the  author's  power.  The  novel  is  aptly  and  effectively  illustrated  by  Mr. 
Frank  T.  Merrill. 

AVERAGES. 

By  ELEANOR  STUART,  Author  of  "  Stone  Pastures." 

NOVELS  of  New  York  have  sometimes  failed  through  lack  of  knowledge  of  the  theme, 
but  the  brilliant  author  of  "  Averages  "  and  "  Stone  Pastures  "  has  had  every  oppor- 
tunity to  know  her  New  York  well.  She  has  been  able,  therefore,  to  avoid  the  extremes  of 
"high  life  "  and  "  low  life,"  which  have  seemed  to  many  to  constitute  the  only  salient  phases 
of  New  York,  and  she  paints  men  and  women  of  every  day,  and  sketches  the  curious  inter- 
dependence and  association  or  impingement  of  differing  circles  in  New  York.  There  is  a 
suggestion  of  the  adventurer,  a  figure  not  unfamiliar  to  New  Yorkers,  and  there  are  glimpses 
of  professional  life,  and  the  existence  of  idlers.  "  Averages  "  is  not  a  story  of  froth  or  slums, 
but  a  brilliant  study  of  actualities,  and  its  publication  will  attract  increased  attention  to  the 
rare  talent  of  the  author. 

RECENTLY  PUBLISHED. 

SNOW  ON  THE   HEADLIGHT. 

By  CY  WARMAN,  author  of  "  The  Story  of  the  Railroad,"  etc. 
"  As  a  writer  of  tales  of  the  modern  rail  Mr.  Warmau  is  without  a  peer." —  Philadelphia  Record. 

A  DOUBLE  THREAD. 

By  ELLEN  THORNEYCROFT  FOWLER,  author  of  "Concerning  Isabel  Carnaby." 
"Even  more  gay,  clever,  and  bright  than  'Concerning  Isabel  Carnaby.'" — Boston  Herald. 

A  DUET,  with  an  Occasional  Chorus. 

By  A.  CONAN  DOYLE,  author  of  "Uncle  Bernac,"  "  Brigadier  Gerard,"  etc. 
•'It  is  all  very  sweet  and  graceful." — London  Telegraph. 

THE   MORMON   PROPHET. 

By  LILY  DOUQALL,  author  of  "The  Mermaid,"  "The  Madonna  of  a  Day,"  etc. 
«'  A  striking  story.  .  .  .   Immensely  interesting  and  diverting." — Boston  Herald. 

WINDYHAUQH. 

By  QRAH AM  TRAVERS,  author  of  "  Mona  Maclean,  Medical  Student,"  etc. 
"The  author  draws  her  characters  with  the  clever  strokes  of  the  successful  artist;  .  .  .  the  story  never 
for  a  moment  palls." — Boston  Herald.   

Thete  books  are  for  tale  by  all  Booksellers;  or  they  will  be  sent  by  mail,  postpaid,  on  receipt  of  price  by  the  publishers, 

D.  APPLETON  &  COMPANY,  72  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York. 


Setm'siUUmtfjIs  Journal  of  ILiterarg  Criticism,  Discussion,  anto  Information. 


THE  DIAL  (founded  in  1880  )  is  published  on  the  1st  and  16th  of 
each  month,.  TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIPTION,  S2.00  a  year  in  advance,  postage 
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THE  DIAL,  Fine  Arts  Building,  Chicago. 


No.  317. 


SEPT.  1,  1899.       Vol.  xxvn. 


CONTENTS. 


GOETHE   IN  STRASSBURG.    James  Toft  Hatfield  113 

COMMUNICATION 116 

The  Right  Books  for  Children.     Charles  Welsh. 

THADDEUS  STEVENS.    George  W.  Julian      .    .    .117 

HISTORY  OF  THE  ENGLISH  DRAMA.    Richard 

Burton 120 

"THRONE-MAKERS,"     AND     OTHERS.      Percy 

Favor  Bicknell 122 

THE  ORIGIN  OF  GAMES.    Frederic  Starr     .    .    .123 

THE    MISSOURI    COMPROMISE   AND    ITS    RE- 
PEAL.   F.  H.  Hodder 124 

IN  AUSTRALIAN  WILDS.    Ira  M.  Price  ....  126 

AGAIN  THE  CASE  OF  CUBA.    Selim  H.  Peabody  128 
Hill's  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico.  —  Clark's  Commercial 
Cuba.  —  Porter's  Industrial  Cuba. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 131 

Literary  relations  between  France  and  England.  — 
The  looked- for  "  break-up  "  of  China. — The  mystery 
of  what  is  called  "  Yiddish." — Mr.  Whistler's  incon- 
gruities. —  A  concise  manual  of  French  art.  —  Some 
sprightly  old-time  gossip. — A  volume  of  papers  on  Old 
English  Law. —  Memoirs  of  a  soldier  under  Napoleon. 
—  Some  Colonial  mansions  and  their  tenants. 

BRIEFER  MENTION  .    .  134 

LITERARY  NOTES 135 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS 135 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  135 


GOETHE  IN  STRASSBURG. 

Goethe  reached  StraSsburg  on  the  second  of 
April,  1770,  being  twenty  years  and  seven  months 
old.  He  remained  there  until  August  of  the  fol- 
lowing year,  or  until  he  had  reached  the  age  of 
twenty-two.  If,  as  Uhland  maintains,  the  Minster 
rustled  all  its  stony  foliage  as  young  Goethe  was 
carving  his  name  into  its  tower,  then  may  the  ven- 
erable city  itself  well  have  felt  a  thrill  throughout 
its  foundations  at  the  moment  when  the  splendid 
youth  first  stepped  down  from  the  Frankfort  post- 
coach  in  front  of  the  "  Spirit  Inn."  The  three  years 
of  university  life  in  Leipzig  had  been  in  many  re- 
spects a  disappointment  to  the  young  student, —  still 
more  so  to  his  ambitious  father.  It  will  not  do  to 
exalt  one  ideal  of  culture  by  depreciating  the  best 
which  has  been  developed  elsewhere:  it  was  no 
wonder  that,  in  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, the  proud  splendors  of  the  French  power  and 
intellect  arrested  the  wondering  attention  of  "Vet- 
ter  Michel,"  just  rubbing  his  eyes  and  coming  to  the 
consciousness  of  his  own  possibilities.  Paris  was 
recognized  as  the  centre  of  the  world's  elegance  and 
civilization,  and  these  things  are  not  so  cheap  or 
powerless  that  they  can  be  lightly  reckoned  with. 
If  Esau,  by  association  with  his  "  smooth  "  brother, 
can  subdue  something  of  his  own  redness  and  hair- 
iness, it  will  not  be  to  his  disadvantage  :  but  let  him 
give  good  heed  to  it  that  he  do  not  at  the  same  time 
part  with  his  peculiar  birthright  for  a  mess  of  pot- 
tage. Our  accusation  against  Leipzig,  the  "  Paris  in 
miniature"  that "  refined  its  people,"  is  that  it  subsist- 
ed entirely  on  borrowed  culture:  elegance,  gallantry, 
and  fine  taste  were  its  law  and  gospel,  and  this  code 
was  enforced  by  the  dictation  of  an  unusually  close 
corporation  of  organized  social  influences. 

The  youth  from  Frankfort,  who  had  by  no  means 
come  from  a  milieu  which  represented  the  ultra- 
exclusive  set  even  in  that  somewhat  patriarchal  city, 
was  imposed  upon  and  brought  into  subjection  by 
this  affected,  precious,  superficially-clever,  heart- 
suppressing,  conventional  aristocracy  :  his  Pegasus, 
docked  and  groomed,  in  a  gilded  harness  and  with 
the  tightest  of  check-reins,  minced  along  before  a 
stylish  barouche,  instead  of  soaring  with  mighty 
wing  over  the  tops  of  all  mountains.  On  returning 
to  Frankfort,  he  finds  that  very  German  place  a 
rude,  cheerless  den  of  Philistinism,  and  it  is  in  hope 
of  going  farther  under  the  tutelage  of  the  "  grand 
nation  "  that  he  betakes  himself  to  the  French  city, 
Strassburg,  to  complete  his  studies.  He  makes  a 
goodly  sight  as  he  steps  down  from  the  post-coach 
lately  mentioned.  Robert  Louis  Stevenson  remarks 


114 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


that  he  never  saw  any  man  who  seemed  worthy  to 
inspire  love, — no,  nor  read  of  any,  except  Leonardo 
da  Vinci,  and  perhaps  Goethe  in  his  youth.  The 
year  and  a  half  of  imprisonment  in  the  sick-room  is 
over :  his  powers  are  equal  to  what  is  to  be  de- 
mantled  of  them ;  he  brings  once  more  ebullient 
youthful  spirits,  joy,  courage,  and  the  fire  of  life, 
a  wealth  of  sensibility  and  responsiveness  to  all  j 
esthetic  influences.  He  is  ready  to  win  immediate 
confidence,  and  is  of  a  nature  which  goes  out  to 
others  and  delights  to  make  friend*.  Moreover,  he 
has  all  the  prepossession  which  derives  from  a  beau- 
tiful person,  elegance  of  fashion,  and  an  abundance 
of  money.  Under  the  influence  of  the  "  beautiful 
spirit,"  Fraulein  von  Klettenberg,  there  has  lately 
occurred  an  awakening  of  the  religious  nature,  and 
be  holds  that  earnest  theory  of  life  which  gives  it 
dignity  and  meaning. 

A  discovery  which  the  young  man  soon  makes  is, 
that  Strassburg,  upon  nominally  French  soil,  is  far 
more  German  than  had  been  Leipzig,  in  the  very 
heart  of  Germany.  The  result  of  his  life  here  is 
the  opening  of  his  eyes  to  what  the  spirit  of  bis  own 
people  is,  and  his  being  forever  saved  for  that  spirit, 
to  become  its  embodiment  and  its  prophet.  The 
intellectually-ambitious  group  of  men  at  his  boarding- 
house  is  German,  using  his  native  tongue.  As  was 
natural  enough,  these  striving  young  spirits  made 
themselves  acquainted  with  the  superb  achieve- 
ments of  the  French  mind,  and  received  therefrom 
a  quickening  of  power  and  an  expanded  ideal,  but 
they  were  too  earnest,  genuine,  and  hearty  to  be 
bound  over  to  the  worship  of  passing  idols. 

It  was  in  Strassburg  that  Goethe's  heart  re- 
sponded to  the  mighty  charm  of  the  natural  beauty 
of  his  own  country,  an  element  in  the  German  tem- 
perament which  has  been  of  priceless  poetic  value, 
and  one  which  we,  in  our  great  and  beautiful  and 
rich  land,  for  the  most  part  have  either  failed  to 
develope,  or  have  tamely  allowed  ourselves  to  be 
robbed  of.  Industrialism,  the  selfishness  of  capital, 
which  rushes  by  the  shortest  way  to  get  the  largest 
immediate  money-returns  without  waiting  until  the 
natural  right  of  the  people  to  beauty  in  their  daily 
surroundings  has  been  made  sure,  builds  its  ugly  fac- 
tories, disfigures  our  cities  with  tasteless  buildings, 
uncared-for  streets,  telegraph-poles,  grim  skeletons 
of  bridges  and  elevated  roads,  cuts  up  our  landscape 
with  hideous  fences,  and  seizes  upon  natural  points  of 
picturesque  vantage  which  should  be  forever  held  by 
the  people  and  for  the  people, —  as  they  are  in  Ger- 
many !  The  man  among  us  who  puts  up  unsightly 
houses  and  unpainted  sheds  is  neither  molested  by 
law  nor  visited  by  lynching-parties,  whereas  in 
Germany  there  would  be  as  universal  a  riot  in  such 
a  case  as  if  a  well-known  brewery  should  attempt  to 
adulterate  a  favorite  beer.  The  German  landscape 
(for  such  it  must  be  called)  of  Alsace  disclosed  itself 
with  magic  beauty  to  Goethe  upon  his  very  arrival, 
for  almost  the  first  thing  which  he  did  was  to  climb 
to  the  top  of  the  cathedral  and  gain  a  view  of  the 
panorama  which  lay  spread  before  him.  He  never 


wearied  of  celebrating  the  praises  of  the  beauty  of 
Alsace,  its  rocks  and  hills,  its  forests  and  fields, 
rivers,  meadows,  and  towns.  From  Goethe  in 
Strassburg  we  date  that  masterly  treatment  of  Na- 
ture in  literature,  at  the  same  time  sentimental  and 
realistic,  which  came  as  an  enlivening  power  into 
German  letters,  and  to  which  we  owe  no  little  of 
the  imperishable  charm  of  "  Werther  "  and  a  thou- 
sand secondary  streams  which  flowed  from  that 
refreshing  source. 

As  medieval  Strassburg  had  itself  been  one  of 
the  greatest  achievements  of  German  national  spirit 
and  character,  so  was  its  cathedral  a  mighty  work 
of  Gothic  architecture,  an  expression  of  the  vigor  of 
the  German  soul  which  had  long  waited  the  voice 
which  should  tell  abroad  its  power  and  meaning. 
In  Goethe  the  voice  was  found  to  herald  forth  this 
truth  in  joyous  polemic.  In  Leipzig,  under  the 
influence  of  the  pseudo-Grecian  French  classicism, 
the  term  "Gothic  "  had  meant  to  him  (as  to  other 
people  who  made  a  conscience  of  being  strictly 
"correct"  and  contemporary  in  matters  of  taste) 
the  sum-total  of  all  that  was  chaotic,  inorganic,  un- 
natural, over-loaded,  and  patched-together  ;  signifi- 
cantly, however,  the  object  to  which  he  eagerly 
turned  his  first  footsteps  was  this  great  monument, 
and  it  made  the  complete  conquest  of  his  great 
spirit;  from  the  moment  of  this  visit,  he  was  its 
victim,  its  devotee,  and  in  silence  and  apart  he  gave 
himself  up  to  it,  immersed  himself  in  it,  until  it 
began  —  like  every  majestic  work  of  art,  and  upon 
the  only  conditions  under  which  anything  superla- 
tively great  and  good  ever  yields  up  its  riddle  —  to 
gradually  whisper  to  him  who  had  so  reverently 
surrendered  himself  to  it  the  secret  of  its  spell. 
With  the  awakening  of  the  native  German  spirit 
within  him,  he  began  to  look  upon  this  cathedral  as 
an  organic  outgrowth  of  the  German  soul,  and  to 
recognize  its  significance  in  that  great  lesson  for  his 
age  and  his  people  : 

"  Ans  Vaterland,  ana  teure,  schlieas  dich  an. 
Das  halte  feat  niit  deinem  ganzen  Herzen ! 
Hier  Bind  die  starken  Wurzeln  deiner  Kraft." 

"  Our  age,"  he  cries  out  in  his  tribute  to  the  noble 
building,  ••  has  surrendered  its  own  heritage,  it  has 
sent  its  sons  abroad  to  gather  foreign  products  to 
their  own  destruction.  Our  native  genius  must  not 
consent  to  soar  aloft  on  any  borrowed  wings  —  even 
though  they  were  the  very  wings  of  the  morning!  " 
This  new  consciousness,  which  dared  to  assert  the 
right-to-be  of  an  architecture  not  appropriated  bod- 
ily from  ancient  Greece,  has  in  our  own  century 
brought  to  conclusion  the  Cathedral  of  Cologne  and 
the  Minster  of  Ulrn,  and  rescued  them,  in  full  beauty 
and  honor,  to  be  a  joy  to  ages  yet  to  come. 

Our  young  student  by  no  means  adopts  that 
hedonistic  theory  of  life  which  makes  ••  beer  ami 
skittles  "  the  object  of  existence:  he  has  an  almost 
unnatural  appreciation  of  the  unique  formative  value 
of  this  period  for  his  whole  future.  As  he  writes, 
'•  The  years  at  the  university  by  right  demand  the 
concentrated  exercise  of  all  of  one's  intellectual 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


115 


powers.  It  is  the  time,  the  good  or  careless  use  of 
which  we  continue  to  feel  throughout  life."  Emer- 
son, in  "  Representative  Men,"  sums  up  Goethe's 
aim  as  Culture :  not  what  a  man  can  accomplish,  but 
what  can  be  accomplished  in  him.  This  earnest  and 
untiring  striving  "  in  virum  perfectum  "  is  the  note 
of  Goethe's  entire  student-lite  in  Strassburg.  He 
recognizes  that  the  student  must  not  lay  claim  to  be, 
but  must  be  content  to  become  ;  that  when  he  ven- 
tures to  look  with  complacency  upon  any  complete 
attainment,  that  very  hour  he  ceases  to  be  a  true 
student.  The  group  to  which  he  belongs  is  domi- 
nated by  a  passion  for  right  critical  judgment,  and 
for  an  understanding  of  the  reasons  which  underlie 
it ;'  and  yet  he  perceives  that  the  attempt  to  make  a 
final  analysis  of  aesthetic  sensations  is  an  elusive 
quest.  "  Beauty  is,  once  for  all,  inexplicable :  it  is 
a  wavering,  glittering  vision,  whose  contour  can  be 
fixed  by  no  definition ;  the  case  is  like  catching 
butterflies  :  the  poor  creature  flutters  in  the  net  and 
rubs  off  its  most  beautiful  colors ;  even  if  we  can 
capture  it  uninjured,  we  keep  it  as  something  stiff 
and  lifeless  —  the  dead  body  is  not  the  entire  crea- 
ture, something  is  missing,  an  important  something, 
and,  in  this  instance,  as  in  all  similar  ones,  a  very 
superlatively  important  thing :  the  life,  the  spirit 
which  animates  the  whole."  Pretty  sound  aesthetics 
this,  in  a  familiar  letter  of  a  student  who  is  not 
twenty-one  years  old  !  Along  with  theory  goes  prac- 
tice in  writing,  which  brings  his  best  resources  into 
play,  and  which  developes,  even  here,  a  sound,  clear, 
and  full-flowing  style.  How  catholic  and  mature 
the  tastes,  how  full  the  acquisitions,  which 'he  has 
brought  with  him,  can  only  be  indicated.  In  Leip- 
zig and  Frankfort  he  had  already  taken  on  a  stately 
freight  of  information  in  the  fields  of  philosophy 
and  theology,  jurisprudence  and  political  economy, 
medicine  and  natural  sciences,  history  and  antiqui- 
ties, art  and  poetry.  His  eager  mind  lays  hold  of 
everything  which  interests  the  human  spirit.  There 
were  the  ancient  classics,  works  on  art,  law-studies 
taken  up  vigorously  ;  German  history  and  antiqui- 
ties, German  authors,  from  Luther  down  ;  studies  of 
the  Strassburg  dialect  and  the  folk-songs  of  Alsace  ; 
natural  history,  electricity,  travel,  and  medicine ; 
the  young  man  also  elected  some  serious  courses  in 
chemistry  and  anatomy.  In  English  there  were 
Shakespeare,  Goldsmith,  and  Smollet,  Percy's  Re- 
liques,  Ossian  and  ancient  Scottish  ballads ;  in  French, 
an  energetic  and  penetrating  study  of  the  poets  and 
thinkers,  and  —  as  was  natural  in  Strassburg  —  an 
attempt  at  the  practical  mastery  of  the  language 
itself,  in  which  (in  spite  of  the  most  favorable  con- 
ditions) Goethe  himself  concludes  to  be  content  with 
a  relative  perfection.  Goethe's  practical  achieve- 
ments in  English,  which  he  had  pursued  from  youth 
up,  and  to  which  he  had  especially  applied  himself 
in  the  Leipzig  days,  have  left  some  monuments  be- 
hind them.  Some  comfort  may  be  derived  by  those 
who  are  struggling  with  an  alien  idiom  in  reading 
his  English  letters  to  his  sister  during  this  period. 


"  The  father  .  .  .  would  see  if  I  write  as  good  en- 
glish  as  Lupton  german.  .  .  .  Lupton  is  a  good  fellow, 
a  marry,  invetious  fellow  as  I  see  it  in  his  letter,  which 
is  wroten  whit  a  spirit  of  jest,  much  laudably  moderated 
by  the  respect,  he  owes  to  his  master.  But  one  can  see, 
that  he  is  no  yet  acquainted,  with  the  fair  and  delicate 
manners  of  our  language.  .  .  .  Think  on  it  sister  thou 
art  a  happy  maiden,  to  have  a  brother  who  makes  english 
veses.  I  pray  thee  be  not  haugty  thereof. 

"  A  SONG  OVER  THE  UNCONFIDENCE  TOWARDS 

MY  SELF. 
"  Thou  knowest  how  heappily  they  Freind 

Walks  upon  florid  Ways ; 
Thou  knowst  how  heavens  bounteous  hand 
Leads  him  to  golden  days. 

"  But  hah  !  a  cruel  ennemy 
Destroies  all  that  Bless ; 
In  Moments  of  Melancholy 
Flies  all  my  Heappiness.  .  .  . 

"  But  when  they  then  my  prayer  not  hear 

I  break  my  wispring  lire ; 
Then  from  my  eyes  runns  down  a  tear, 
Extinguish  th'  incensed  fire. 

"  Then  curse  I.  Freind,  the  fated  sky, 

And  from  th'  altar  I  fly ; 
And  to  my  Freinds  aloud  I  cry 
Be  happier  then  I.  ... 

"  Truely,  my  english  knowledge  is  very  little,  but  i'll 
gather  all  my  forces,  to  perfection  it.  Visiting  my  let- 
ters, ye  shall  have  found  many  faults,  ye  may  pardon." 

Further,  we  have  this  gallant  defence  of  a  maiden 
who  has  made  an  undesirable  match : 

"  But  sister,  let  us  dam  no  man.  I  've  courage  enough 
to  take  her  party.  Think  her  education  sister,  and  then 
dam  her  if  thou  darest.  A  maiden,  of  no  great  natural 
genius,  she  lives  her  first  Years  in  the  company  of  her 
parents  and  sisters.  They  are  all  homiest  men,  but  how 
form  a  womens  heart  to  his  heapyness  they  understand 
not." 

The  psychological  truth  here  is  perhaps  more  to  be 
admired  than  the  form  in  which  it  is  put. 

The  hundred  varied  interests,  all  so  keenly  pur- 
sued, split  up  the  days,  to  be  sure,  but  as  Goethe 
said,  "  One  has  always  time  enough  when  one  wishes 
to  employ  it  well,"  and  he  accomplished  roundly 
whatever  he  undertook.  There  is  no  priggishness 
or  arid  self-consciousness  in  all  this  striving  :  he  has 
a  fresh  sympathy  which  causes  other  young  men  to 
seek  his  advice,  —  a  pretty  good  test.  He  warns 
such  a  friend  against  idealizing  him,  and,  with  all 
that  he  has  done  and  learned,  he  counts  himself  far 
from  wise  enough  to  give  counsel, —  in  both  respects 
offering  suggestions  for  our  own  generation  of  stu- 
dents, among  whom  a  talented  and  moderately- 
equipped  young  head  has  often  the  manner  of  know- 
ing more  about  everything  than  any  one  person  can 
possibly  know  about  anything. 

Who  shall  do  justice  to  that  simple  love-story  of 
Sesenheim,  in  its  happy,  peaceful  rural  setting,  an 
idyl  imperishable  in  its  power  to  make  us  forget 
"  The  fardel  coarse  of  customary  life 's 
Exceeding  injucundity ." 

Friederike  is  one  of  those  dear  maidens  who  are 
forever  surrounded  by  a  refreshing  ether,  a  hover- 


116 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


ing  minister  of  joy  to  others,  full  of  capable  help- 
fulness, worthy  of  all  respect  and  love,  combining  in 
rare  balance  those  happy  extremes  of  gaiety  and 
discretion,  prudence  and  light-hearted  ness,  naivete 
and  self-consciousness.  She  is  an  "  out-of-doors  " 
girl,  seen  at  her  beat  when  running  like  a  light- 
footed  deer  over  a  rustic  path,  vying  in  graceful 
charm  with  the  flowering  fields,  and  in  indestructi- 
ble cheerfulness  with  the  blue  sky  above  her  little 
blonde  head, 

"  And  round  her  happy  fooUtep*  blow 
The  authentic  ain  of  ParadiM." 

The  love  came  naturally  and  truly,  "  as  though  in 
sport."  Five  days  after  their  meeting  we  have  the 
young  man's  first  letter,  which  reveals  to  us  that 
two  hearts  have  found  and  understood  each  other. 
It  is  a  ••  love  that  makes  him  thrice  a  man,"  in 
Tennyson's  phrase,  that  heightened  his  powers  of 
creation  and  expression,  which  had  been  starved  and 
frozen  in  superfine  society :  in  "  Kleine  Blunaen, 
kleine  Blatter  "  is  reached  the  crowning  glory  of  all 
lighter  German  lyrics  (thus  Erich  Schmidt,  princeps 
literatorum).  We  do  not  excuse  the  young  man's 
though tleasness  in  not  having  fully  reasoned  out  the 
result,  while  allowing  himself  to  gravitate  easily  and 
deeply  into  the  relation  of  accepted  son-in-law ;  if  it 
was  really  due  to  the  integrity  of  his  great  life- plan 
that  he  should  not  be  permanently  hampered  by  a 
nature  as  limited  in  certain  directions  as  waa  hers 
(though  some  later  facts  cast  a  grim  light  on  this 
theory),  he  should  have  had  courage  to  rend  sooner 
the  flowery  fetters  which  were  binding  two  lives 
closer  and  closer. 

In  Strassburg,  then,  Goethe  found  the  true  canon 
of  poetry,  —  "  Look  in  thy  heart,  and  write  ";  he 
escaped  from  conceits  and  conventionalities  to  life, 
and  to  the  faith  that  poetry  is  the  necessary  outlet 
for  the  pressure  of  deep,  powerful  emotions. 

Nor  will  we  by  any  means  reckon  it  the  least 
important  gain  of  the  student-days  in  Strassburg 
that  it  was  there  that  the  youth,  with  all  his  gaiety, 
came  under  the  tonic  influence  of  Herder,  the  man 
who  had  fought  his  way,  with  baffled  blows,  on  a 
bitter  field  of  adversity,  and  had  learned  the  reali- 
ties of  life,  and  how  to  estimate  them  comparatively. 
Irritable  and  censorious,  he  never  approved  or  was 
satisfied  with  Goethe's  work,  and  the  greatness  with 
which  the  cheerful  student  submitted  to  this  trench- 
ant dogmatism  is  not  to  be  unnoticed  as  a  mark  of 
his  magnanimity.  Herder  taught  him  the  popular 
nature  of  true  poetry,  that  it  is  the  necessary  pro- 
duct of  the  inner  consciousness  of  a  nation  or  a 
race;  he  disclosed  to  him  the  poverty  of  German 
literature,  caused  Goethe  even  to  doubt  his  own 
powers,  and  led  him  to  the  deep  well  of  the  Hebrew 
poets,  to  Odsian,  and  above  all  to  Shakespeare.  As 
Keats,  on  first  looking  into  Chapman's  Homer,  felt 

"  like  some  watcher  of  the  ikies 
When  a  new  planet  iwims  into  hi»  ken," 

so  our  young  poet,  under  the  magisterial  guidance 
of  Herder,  experienced  with  a  wonderful  power  that 


by  Shakespeare  his  being  had  been  infinitely  wid- 
ened, that  all  things  had  become  new  and  strange. 
'•  The  first  page  which  I  read  made  me  his  captive 
forever ;  and  when  I  had  finished  one  work  of  his, 
I  stood  like  a  man  born  blind,  whose  sight  had  been 
restored  by  a  miracle."  To  Shakespeare  he  sur- 
rendered himself  unconditionally,  even  as  he  had 
already  capitulated  to  the  cathedral. 

From  this  Strassburg  stage,  equipped  with  the 
resources  which  it  has  brought,  our  young  hero  goes 
forth  to  create,  one  after  another,  those  noble  works 
of  art  which  have  become  the  priceless  treasure  of 
humanity.  It  is  one  of  the  sacred  trusts  committed 
to  each  generation,  that  it  shall  preserve  these  works 
in  their  freshness  and  perfection,  and  transmit  them, 
unimpaired,  to  the  ages  which  are  to  come. 

JAMES  TAFT  HATFIKLD. 


COMMUNICA  TION. 


THE  RIGHT  BOOKS  FOR  CHILDREN. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

In  the  matter  of  selecting  the  right  books  for  our 
children,  we  still  have  to  "  educate  our  educators,"  and 
your  recent  article  on  the  subject,  Mr.  Walter  Taylor 
Field's  letter  in  your  issue  of  August  1,  together  with 
many  other  important  utterances  of  men  and  women  of 
authority,  which  have  been  put  forth  during  the  past 
few  years,  all  tend  to  show  a  steady  growth  of  a  wiser 
and  healthier  public  opinion. 

We  can  reach  our  little  ones  only  through  the  home 
and  through  the  school,  and  I  believe  that  the  old- 
fashioned  reading  books,  full  of  orts  and  scraps  of  lit- 
erature, thrown  together  with  no  intelligent  grouping 
or  with  no  plan  of  correlation,  have  had  much  to  do  with 
the  begetting  of  the  craving  for  the  "  tidbit "  class  of 
reading  which  is  so  much  to  be  deplored.  Newspapers 
and  magazines  have  long  fostered  and  encouraged  this 
taste. 

An  important  duty  devolving  upon  those  who  pro- 
vide and  select  reading  for  the  young  is  that  of  encour- 
aging more  concentration  and  less  desultoriness;  and 
we  shall  secure  the  concentrated  attention  of  the  chil- 
dren if  we  give  them  the  right  books.  The  world's 
literature  is  full  of  pleasure-books  which  stimulate  and 
uplift  while  they  delight, —  books  which  the  children 
can  enjoy  without  taking  barm.  "There  is  a  land  of 
pure  delight,  where  books  immortal  reign,"  and  it  is  to 
this  land  that  we  would  guide  the  willing  feet  of  our 
little  ones.  These  views  are  recognized  by  all  our  ad- 
vanced educational  authorities,  and  there  is  a  growing 
tendency  to  give  children  books  in  their  entirety,  instead 
of  bits  from  books,  or  editions  of  classic  works  in  which 
everything  but  the  movement  and  incident  have  been 
eliminated. 

No  book  has  suffered  more  from  this  treatment  than 
"  Robinson  Crusoe,"  and  of  the  countless  editions  on 
the  market  there  are  scarcely  any  complete  ones  issued 
at  a  popular  price.  When  I  read  "  Robinson  Crusoe  " 
as  a  boy  at  school,  in  an  edition  denuded  of  everything 
but  the  doings  of  the  hero,  I  wondered  in  a  boyish  way 
how  he  must  have  felt  at  being  thus  alone  on  a  desert 
island.  I  imagined  his  fears  and  his  terrors,  and  when 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


117 


in  later  years  I  read  the  book  in  its  completed  form  I 
found  that  its  author  had  made  it  not  only  a  book  of 
exciting  action,  but  full  of  psychological  interest, 
scarcely  any  of  which  would  be  beyond  the  understand- 
ing of  the  young  reader,  because  it  is  the  logical  out- 
come of  the  situation  in  which  Robinson  Crusoe  found 
himself. 

Books  should  be  as  carefully  selected  for  children  as 
the  food  they  eat,  and  young  people  should  not  be 
allowed  to  browse  among  books  that  have  not  been  se- 
lected for  them,  to  range  free  over  every  field  and  pas- 
ture. They  may  have  an  instinct  of  food  which  more 
cultivated  palates  lose;  but  it  is  an  error  to  suppose 
that  evil  will  always  fall  off  their  minds  like  water 
from  a  duck's  back.  If  they  are  not  harmed  by  what 
they  do  not  understand,  and  if  they  often  assimilate 
what  is  of  use  to  them,  and  what  no  one  would  ever 
have  dreamed  of  suggesting  to  them,  it  is  difficult  for 
any  of  us  to  say  exactly  when  the  understanding  of 
harm  does  begin,  and  it  is  better  to  keep  children  alto- 
gether away  from  the  possibility  of  it  in  their  reading. 
"  Art  is  noble,  but  the  sanctity  of  a  human  soul  is 
nobler  still,"  and  it  is  impossible  to  say  at  what  stage 
the  passions  cease  to  be  silent,  and  tastes  have  been 
formed. 

Dr.  Johnson  says:  "  I  would  put  a  child  into  a  library 
where  no  unfit  books  are,  and  let  him  read  at  his  choice. 
A  child  should  not  be  discouraged  from  reading  any- 
thing which  he  takes  a  liking  to,  because  it  is  above  his 
reach.  If  this  is  the  case,  the  child  will  soon  find  out 
and  desist;  if  not,  he  of  course  gains  the  instruction, 
which  is  so  much  the  more  likely  to  come  from  the 
inclination  with  which  he  takes  up  the  study."  All  very 
good  and  true;  but  books  are  good  for  boys  and  girls 
only  as  they  are  ready  for  them.  It  often  happens  that 
when  a  child  has  taken  up  a  book  that  has  failed  to 
interest  him,  it  has  left  a  memory  behind  which  has 
prevented  him  from  looking  into  it  when  he  has  come 
across  it  again  in  later  life.  If  he  had  found  the  book 
when  he  was  ready  for  it,  it  would  have  fallen  on  good 
ground  and  brought  forth  fruit.  So  we  should  provide 
groups  of  books  for  children  to  select  from,  not  seeking 
books  which  we  think  a  child  ought  to  be  ready  for  at 
a  certain  stage  of  his  development,  and  force  them 
upon  him,  but  we  should  let  him  have  a  wide  range, 
within  certain  very  broad  limits;  and  in  making  the 
selection  it  may  be  generally  said  that  the  prime  requi- 
sites in  the  reading  to  be  provided  for  the  child  are, 
that  it  should  be  interesting,  wholesome,  true,  and  good 
literature.  With  these  criteria  in  mind,  the  task  should 
not  be  so  difficult  as  it  may  at  first  sight  appear. 

While  I  am  generally  in  sympathy  with  all  that  Mr. 
Walter  Taylor  Field  says  in  the  letter  to  which  I  have 
referred  above,  I  think  that  he  is  a  little  hard  on  "Jack 
the  Giant-Killer."  I  would  not  feed  children  on  tales 
of  ogres  and  giants  who  eat  up  little  boys,  nor  encour- 
age the  reading  of  the  boy  bandit  and  Wild  West 
stories  of  the  news  stand;  but  we  cannot  shut  our  eyes 
to  the  fact  that  boys  must  have  their  fights  with  the 
Indians,  their  adventures  by  sea  and  land,  their  hair- 
breadth escapes  by  flood  and  field,  in  their  reading. 
The  love  of  fight  is  biological  and  self-preservative.  We 
cannot  eradicate  it  if  we  would,  and  we  would  not  erad- 
icate it  if  we  could.  There  is  plenty  of  it,  however,,  in 
the  classic  works'  of  our  great  authors,  without  going 
to  the  dime  novel  to  find  it. 

CHARLES  WELSH. 

Boston,  August  24,  1899. 


o0ks. 


THADDETJS  STEVENS.* 

The  Life  of  Tbaddeus  Stevens  fitly  takes  its 
rank  in  the  "  American  Statesmen  "  series,  and 
will  be  welcomed  by  a  large  constituency  of 
appreciative  readers.  He  was  the  son  of  Joshua 
and  Sally  Stevens,  and  was  born  on  the  4th  of 
April,  1792,  in  Danville,  Vermont,  where  the 
principal  peaks  of  the  White  and  Franconia 
Mountains  and  the  Green  Mountains  are  vis- 
ible. Of  his  ancestry  but  little  is  known,  but 
they  were  of  Anglo-Saxon  stock.  His  father 
was  desperately  poor,  and  wanting  in  enterprise 
and  thrift ;  but  according  to  all  accounts  his 
mother  was  a  woman  of  remarkable  character 
and  strength  of  mind.  Thaddeus  was  a  sickly 
child,  and  as  he  could  not  work  on  the  farm 
his  mother  sent  him  to  Dartmouth  College,  in 
which  he  graduated  at  the  age  of  twenty-two. 
Mr.  McCall  gives  the  chief  incidents  in  the 
pioneer  life  of  Stevens,  and  the  story  recalls 
the  kindred  experience  of  many  famous  Amer- 
icans who  have  fought  their  way  through  pov- 
erty and  hardship  to  distinction  and  usefulness. 
We  cannot  dwell  upon  details.  He  chose  the 
law  as  his  profession,  and  finally  located  in 
Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania,  where  his  brilliant 
success  in  the  management  of  a  remarkable 
murder  case  at  once  made  him  locally  famous. 
In  1842  he  removed  to  Lancaster,  where  he 
immediately  took  high  rank  as  a  lawyer. 

In  the  early  days  of  his  practice  he  took  no 
part  in  politics.  The  Federal  party,  to  which 
he  had  been  attached,  had  passed  away.  The 
party  headed  by  Jackson  had  no  charm  for  him. 
When  the  abduction  and  murder  of  Morgan 
created  the  Anti-Masonic  party,  he  became  one 
of  its  leaders.  The  movement  disappointed 
him,  however,  and  he  identified  himself  with 
the  Whig  party,  which  was  then  coming  to  the 
front.  He  took  the  stump  for  Harrison  in 
1840,  and  for  Clay  in  1844.  In  the  meantime 
he  had  distinguished  himself  in  the  convention 
which  met  in  1837  to  amend  the  constitution 
of  the  State,  boldly  avowing  the  radical  anti- 
slavery  opinions  of  his  later  life.  In  the  leg- 
islature of  1834  he  had  espoused  the  policy  of 
free  public  schools,  which  aroused  a  perfect 
tempest  of  opposition  throughout  the  State ; 
but  by  the  phenomenal  power  of  a  single  great 
speech  he  turned  the  tables  upon  his  opponents, 

*  THADDEUS  STEVENS.  By  Samuel  W.  McCall.  "  Amer- 
ican Statesmen  Series."  Boston  :  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 


118 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


made  himself  the  idol  of  the  State,  and  won  a 
victory  which  he  regarded  as  the  greatest 
achievement  of  his  life.  His  service  in  the  state 
legislature  extending  through  a  series  of  years, 
was  distinguished  by  rare  courage  and  inde- 
pendence, by  great  ability  in  debate,  and  by  a 
ready  wit  which  he  always  employed  with  un- 
erring effect.  His  reputation,  however,  was 
bounded  by  State  lines  until  his  first  election 
to  Congress  in  1849,  when  fifty-eight  years  of 
age.  The  way  was  now  opened  for  his  leader- 
ship in  a  wider  field.  The  acquisition  of  for- 
eign territory  had  made  slavery  the  overshadow- 
ing question,  and  the  seriousness  of  the  crisis 
was  unprecedented.  Probably  no  Congress 
since  the  formation  of  the  government  had  con- 
tained more  eminent  men.  Stevens  was  a  new 
member,  though  well  advanced  in  years.  He 
was  in  no  haste  to  assert  himself,  and  when 
urged  to  do  so  said,  "  I  will  tarry  at  Jericho  till 
my  beard  grows."  He  did  not  dream  of  the 
fame  which  awaited  him  as  a  great  party  leader. 
The  slave  power  was  then  in  the  ascendant, 
and  of  course  would  handicap  such  a  man  in 
the  organization  of  the  committees ;  but  it  could 
not  silence  him.  His  training  as  a  lawyer  and 
his  extended  experience  in  the  State  legislature 
had  prepared  him  for  his  task.  Stevens  was 
an  anti-slavery  Whig,  and  the  nine  Free  Soil 
members  of  the  House  held  the  balance  of 
power  between  the  old  parties,  and  voted  for 
him  for  Speaker.  Cobb  of  Georgia  was  finally 
elected.  Stevens  hated  slavery  with  an  in- 
tensity which  would  be  difficult  to  characterize. 
It  was  a  passion,  as  seen  in  the  several 
speeches  made  in  this  Congress,  which  com- 
pare favorably  with  the  best  literature  of  the 
anti-slavery  crusade.  He  voted  and  spoke 
against  all  the  compromise  measures  of  1850, 
and  rebuked  the  servility  of  both  Webster  and 
Clay.  He  was  a  member  of  the  House  in  the 
Thirty-second  Congress,  but  the  Anti-slavery 
agitation  had  greatly  subsided,  and  his  prin- 
cipal speech  was  devoted  to  the  tariff.  In  1859 
he  reappeared  in  the  Thirty-sixth  Congress,  in 
which  he  distinguished  himself  by  his  masterly 
leadership  of  the  minority  which  resisted  the 
cowardly  tactics  of  the  famous  Committee  of 
Thirty-three. 

Buf  the  great  fact  in  the  life  of  Stevens  was 
his  matchless  leadership  in  dealing  with  the 
question  of  Reconstruction.  That  question 
involved  the  whole  problem  of  the  Civil  War. 
Stevens  so  understood  it,  and  in  the  very  be- 
ginning of  the  war  he  sounded  the  cry  of  dan- 
ger. The  plan  of  Reconstruction  proposed  by 


Lincoln,  on  the  8th  of  December,  1863,  and 
known  as  the  Presidential  plan,  under  which 
Louisiana  proceeded  to  establish  a  State  gov- 
ernment, provided  for  no  guardianship  of  the 
United  States  over  the  organization  of  State 
governments,  no  law  to  prescribe  who  should 
vote,  no  civil  functionaries  to  see  that  the  law 
was  faithfully  executed,  no  supervising  author- 
ity to  control  the  election.  President  Johnson's 
North  Carolina  order  was  exactly  one  in  theory 
with  Lincoln's  Louisiana  plan.  It  appointed 
a  governor  of  North  Carolina,  and  ordered  him 
at  the  earliest  practicable  time  to  prescribe  rules 
for  convening  a  convention  composed  of  dele- 
gates chosen  by  the  loyal  people  of  the  State,  the 
"  loyal  people"  to  include  only  those  who  should 
take  the  oath  and  receive  the  pardon  provided 
for  in  the  amnesty  proclamation ;  and  they 
must  be  qualified  voters  according  to  the  laws 
in  force  at  the  time  of  secession.  Thus  the 
work  of  Reconstruction  was  placed  in  the  hands 
of  the  white  race,  and  in  effect  was  put  in  the 
control  of  those  who  had  participated  in  the  Re- 
bellion. Since  the  latter  were  greatly  in  the 
majority,  the  formation  of  the  new  Constitu- 
tion which  was  to  establish  the  conditions  of 
the  suffrage  and  other  fundamental  rights  was 
to  be  committed  to  their  hands.  In  all  these 
proceedings  Congress  had  no  voice.  Recon- 
struction was  dealt  with  as  the  exclusive  prov- 
ince of  the  Executive,  and  was  to  be  initiated 
in  all  the  States  whenever  demanded  by  one- 
tenth  as  many  votes  as  were  cast  in  that  State 
for  President  in  1860.  Stevens  had  no  patience 
with  such  hasty  and  slipshod  legislation,  which 
so  plainly  opened  the  way  for  the  return  of  the 
rebels  to  power  and  the  surrender  of  all  that 
the  war  had  established. 

The  scheme  of  Reconstruction  known  as  the 
Congressional  plan,  supported  in  the  Senate  by 
Wade  and  in  the  House  by  Winter  Davis,  pro- 
vided that  the  President  should  appoint  a  pro- 
visional governor  in  each  of  the  States  in  Re- 
bellion, and  that  so  soon  as  resistance  to  the 
national  authority  had  ceased  in  any  State  the 
governor  should  enroll  the  white  male  citizens, 
and  if  a  majority  of  them  should  take  an  oath 
to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  then  the  election  of  delegates  to  a  con- 
stitutional convention  should  be  ordered.  The 
State  constitution  should  contain  certain  pro- 
visions, and  when  these  had  been  complied  with 
to  the  satisfaction  of  Congress  the  President 
should  recognize  the  State  government,  and  the 
State  should  thereupon  be  entitled  to  repre- 
sentation in  Congress.  Although  the  bill  em- 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


119 


bodying  this  plan  was  more  stringent  in  its 
provisions  than  Lincoln's  plan,  Stevens  would 
not  accept  it.  He  declared  that  it  partially 
acknowledged  the  rebel  States  to  have  rights 
under  the  constitution,  which  he  denied,  insist- 
ing that  war  had  abrogated  them  all.  In  this 
particular  the  supporters  of  the  Congressional 
Plan  agreed  with  the  Democrats,  who  talked 
about  "  an  indissoluble  union  of  indestructible 
States  "  and  opposed  any  sort  of  Reconstruc- 
tion. All  that  was  necessary  was  for  each  of 
the  seceded  States  to  resume  its  place  in  the 
Union  under  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  such 
State  at  the  close  of  the  conflict. 

It  is  true  that  if  the  Rebellion  had  been 
nipped  in  the  bud,  or  had  been  abandoned  be- 
fore it  assumed  its  gigantic  proportions,  no 
reconstruction  of  the  government  would  have 
been  necessary.  But  when  the  conflict  ceased 
to  be  any  longer  a  mere  insurrection  against 
the  national  authority,  and  took  upon  itself  the 
character  of  a  war  with  a  foreign  power,  as  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  decided, 
the  insurgents  became  public  enemies,  and  when 
conquered  were  the  conquered  enemies  of  the 
United  States  and  subject  to  the  power  of  the 
conqueror,  according  to  the  laws  of  war  appli- 
cable to  such  a  conflict.  The  nation  had  a  per- 
fect right  to  prescribe  just  such  conditions  as 
it  saw  fit,  looking  to  indemnity  for  the  past  and 
security  for  the  future.  To  argue  that  the  men 
who  carried  on  this  work  of  devastation  for  four 
years  in  the  name  of  State  Rights  should  be 
allowed  at  the  end  of  the  conflict  to  set  up 
State  Rights  as  a  bar  to  their  accountability 
and  a  reason  for  their  unconditional  restoration 
to  power,  was  a  mockery  of  justice  and  an  insult 
to  common  sense.  As  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  they  could  no  more  escape  their  obliga- 
tions than  they  could  run  away  from  their  own 
shadows.  Through  their  treason  and  rebellion 
they  lost  their  rights  under  the  Union,  but  the 
Union  lost  none  of  its  rights  over  them.  Stevens 
so  understood  matters  as  early  as  the  session  of 
Congress  beginning  in  December,  1861,  and  in 
every  speech  which  he  made  on  the  subject  he 
reiterated  his  views,  which  were  far  more  rad- 
ical than  those  of  his  party,  but  which  the  party 
finally  adopted,  in  substance.  In  opening  the 
debate  on  Reconstruction,  December  18,  1865, 
he  attacked  the  position  of  both  Lincoln  and 
Johnson,  which  assumed  that  Reconstruction 
was  within  the  province  of  the  Executive.  His 
argument  was  a  Constitutional  one,  and  after 
expounding  his  well-known  views  on  this  ques- 
tion he  said  that  the  Rebel  States  should  not 


be  admitted  to  the  Union  until  the  principles 
embodied  in  his  proposed  amendments  to  the 
Constitution  should  be  established  in  that  in- 
strument, and  especially  the  amendment  basing 
representation  upon  the  number  of  legal  voters. 
If  they  should  be  admitted  with  the  basis  un- 
changed, they  would,  with  the  aid  of  Northern 
Democrats,  "  at  the  very  first  election  take  pos- 
session of  the  White  House  and  the  halls  of 
Congress."  They  might  assume  the  Confed- 
erate debt,  repudiate  the  Union  debt,  and  re- 
establish slavery.  He  proposed  to  take  no  such 
chances  while  the  North  was  the  conqueror,  and 
boldly  proposed  negro  suffrage,  declaring  the 
doctrine  that  this  was  a  "  white  man's  govern- 
ment "  to  be  "  as  atrocious  as  the  infamous 
sentiment  that  damned  the  late  chief  justice  to 
everlasting  fame,  and  I  fear  to  everlasting  fire." 

On  the  30th  of  April,  1866,  Stevens  reported 
to  the  House  the  important  Fourteenth  Amend- 
ment, for  submission  to  the  States ;  and  with 
a  few  changes  in  form  it  ultimately  became  a 
part  of  the  Constitution.  The  report  of  the 
Committee  on  Reconstruction,  although  largely 
the  work  of  Stevens,  did  not  go  so  far  as  he 
had  desired,  and  on  the  last  day  of  the  session 
he  offered  amendments  giving  the  blacks  an 
equal  right  of  suffrage  with  the  white  race,  and 
supported  these  amendments  in  a  speech  which 
was  one  of  the  most  impressive  ever  delivered 
in  the  National  House  of  Representatives.  He 
was  at  the  time  worn  out  with  the  work  of 
the  session,  his  health  was  slender,  he  bore  the 
burden  of  more  than  the  allotted  number  of 
years,  and  very  probably  the  fear  that  he  might 
not  be  permitted  to  return  to  his  seat  in  the 
House  imparted  an  unusual  solemnity  to  his 
manner  and  inspired  him  to  "  make  one  more 
—  perhaps  an  expiring  —  effort  to  do  some- 
thing which  shall  be  useful  to  my  fellowmen  ; 
something  to  elevate  and  enlighten  the  poor, 
the  oppressed,  and  the  ignorant  in  this  great 
crisis  of  human  affairs."  He  declared  that  the 
black  man  must  have  the  ballot  or  he  would 
continue  to  be  a  slave.  There  was  some  alle- 
viation to  the  lot  of  a  bondsman,  but  "  a  free- 
man deprived  of  every  human  right  is  the  most 
degraded  of  human  beings." 

"  I  know  it  is  easy  to  protect  the  interests  of  the  rich 
and  powerful;  but  it  is  a  great  labor  to  guard  the  rights 
of  the  poor  and  down-trodden  —  it  is  the  eternal  labor 
of  Sisyphus  forever  to  be  renewed.  In  this,  perhaps 
my  final  action  on  this  great  question,  I  can  see  noth- 
ing in  my  political  course,  especially  in  regard  to  hu- 
man freedom,  which  I  could  wish  to  have  expurgated  or 
changed.  I  believe  that  we  must  all  account  hereafter 
for  deeds  done  in  the  body,  and  that  political  deeds  will 


120 


TIIK     DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


be  among  those  account*.  I  desire  to  take  to  the  bar 
of  that  final,  settlement  the  record  which  I  shall  this 
day  make  on  the  great  question  of  human  rights.  While 
I  am  sure  it  will  not  make  atonement  for  half  my 
errors,  I  hope  it  will  be  some  palliation.  Are  there  any 
who  will  venture  to  take  the  list  with  their  negative 
seal  upon  it,  and  will  dare  to  unroll  it  before  that  stern 
Judge  who  is  the  Father  of  the  immortal  beings  whom 
they  have  been  trampling  under  foot,  and  whose  souls 
they  have  been  crushing  out  ?  " 

As  has  been  stated,  the  plan  of  Reconstruc- 
tion which  was  finally  adopted  conformed  very 
closely  to  the  ideas  that  Stevens  had  long  and 
persistently  advocated.  It  was  promulgated 
by  Congress,  and  not  by  the  Executive,  as  he 
had  never  ceased  to  contend  should  be  the  case. 
It  applied  a  radical  dogma,  which  he  had  long 
proclaimed  with  the  voice  of  one  crying  in  the 
wilderness,  and  practically  treated  the  Southern 
States  as  conquered  provinces  and  as  entitled 
to  no  rights  under  the  Constitution.  It  pre- 
scribed universal  suffrage  for  the  black  as  well 
as  for  the  white  man,  not  merely  in  the  forma- 
tion of  the  new  State  constitutions,  but  as  an 
enduring  part  of  those  instruments.  All  this 
Mr.  McCall  well  sets  forth,  with  more  of  detail 
than  is  possible  in  a  review  like  this  ;  and  he 
concludes  the  subject  by  pointing  out  that  the 
wisdom  which  passes  judgment  upon  a  situa- 
tion a  third  of  a  century  afterwards  has  an  ob- 
vious advantage  over  the  wisdom  which  has  to 
deal  with  it  at  the  time. 

"  We  of  to-day  also  lose  sight  of  many  of  the  diffi- 
culties with  which  the  problem  was  surrounded,  and 
which  have  disappeared  in  the  distance.  The  choice  which 
Stevens  and  the  statesmen  associated  with  him  were 
compelled  to  make  did  not  lie  between  the  course  actu- 
ally adopted  and  an  ideal  condition  of  things.  In  the 
light  in  which  they  acted,  they  were  compelled  to  deal 
with  as  grave  a  national  situation  as  ever  existed.  It 
was  beyond  the  power  of  any  surgery  at  once  to  deliver 
society,  well  and  whole,  from  the  condition  in  which  its 
errors  and  crimes  had  placed  it." 

The  chapter  devoted  to  Stevens's  personal 
characteristics,  particularly  his  wit  and  humor, 
is  exceedingly  readable.  Those  who  knew  him 
will  recall  other  examples  as  good  as  those  here 
given,  for  his  humor  was  unfailing ;  but  his 
own  personality  was  so  large  a  part  of  what  he 
said  that  the  point  must  be  somewhat  dulled 
in  the  telling. 

Stevens  passed  away  on  August  11,  1868, 
and  his  body  was  buried,  according  to  his  ex- 
pressed wish,  in  a  small  cemetery  where  black 
as  well  as  white  were  admitted,  thus  illustrat- 
ing in  death  the  principles  which  he  had  advo- 
cated through  a  long  life,  the  equality  of  man 
before  his  Creator.  He  was  preeminently  a 


democrat,  the  friend  of  the  poor  and  oppressed, 
and  his  biographer  well  says  that  privilege 
never  had  a  more  powerful  nor  a  more  con- 
sistent foe.  GEORGE  W.  JULIAN.* 

•  In  a  not*  on  the  death  of  the  Hon.  George  W.  Julian,  in 
THE  DIAL  for  July  16,  we  stated  that  the  review  of  the  life 
of  £.  M.  Stan  ton,  appearing  in  that  issue,  was  Mr.  Julian's 
last  literary  work.  He  was,  however,  at  the  time  of  his  death 
engaged  on  this  review  of  the  Life  of  Thaddeus  Stevens,  and 
worked  upon  it  during  his  hut  few  days,  but  leaving  the  task 
to  be  finished  by  another  hand.  Mr.  Julian  was  a  great  ad- 
mirer of  Stevens,  and  his  association  with  him  in  Congress 
during  the  eventfnl  War  and  Reconstruction  periods  gives  a 
special  value  to  his  review  of  a  book  which  was  the  subject 
of  his  hut  earthly  interests. —  EDB.  THE  DIAL. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ENGLISH  DRAMA.* 

A  new  edition  of  Dr.  A.  W.  Ward's  may- 
num.  opus,  "  A  History  of  English  Dramatic 
Literature,"  is  particularly  welcome,  for  several 
reasons.  In  the  first  place,  the  work  is  beyond 
all  compare  the  most  exhaustive  and  important 
in  our  tongue  in  its  field.  And  secondly,  un- 
like most  new  editions  (which  are  more  prop- 
erly described  as  "  impressions,"  being  simply 
reprints  of  the  same  matter),  this  present  issue 
contains  so  much  in  the  way  of  rectification, 
improved  arrangement,  re-phrasing,  and  en- 
largement, that  it  might  almost  be  called  a  new 
work  upon  the  lines  of  the  original  study  of  a 
quarter  of  a  century  ago.  The  earlier  intro- 
duction disappears,  in  order  to  allow  a  fuller 
treatment  in  the  body  of  the  study.  Much 
valuable  new  critical  material  is  made  use  of 
and  the  desire  to  throw  upon  the  study  all  pos- 
sible light  is  everywhere  apparent.  When  this 
monument  of  scholarly  investigation  appeared, 
in  1874,  it  was  at  once  recognized  as  authori- 
tative, and  has  held  the  position  ever  since : 
this  new  issue  serves  to  clinch  its  claim.  It  is 
no  disparagement  of  the  similar  labors  of 
scholars  like  Collier  and  (later)  Fleay,  to  de- 
clare that  Dr.  Ward's  survey  of  the  native 
drama  on  its  objective  side  as  stage  product, 
and  on  its  subjective  as  literature,  stands  alone 
among  scholarly  achievements  by  Englishmen. 

The  prime  merit  of  the  work,  aside  from 
thoroughness,  good  judgment  in  ample  illustra- 
tion, and  the  deduction  of  sound  principles 
therefrom,  lies  in  this  giving  of  due  attention 
to  the  history  of  the  stage,  while  at  the  samf 
time  keeping  the  student  to  a  realization  of  the 

•A  HISTORY  or  KHOLISH  DRAMATIC  LJTXRATURB  to  the 
Death  of  Queen  Anne.  By  Adolphus  William  Ward,  Litt.D. 
New  and  revised  edition ;  in  three  volumes.  New  York : 
The  Macmillan  Co. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


121 


drama's  literary  splendors.  The  futility  of 
much  of  the  conventional  older  criticism  has 
been  the  result  of  a  disproportionate  treatment 
of  the  product  as  literature  alone,  overlooking 
the  fact  that,  being  in  play-form,  it  demands 
attention  first  of  all  as  drama  —  drama  in  its 
technique  as  well  as  in  its  imaginative  triumphs. 
Dr.  Ward  interweaves  the  two  complementary 
aspects  of  the  study  with  noteworthy  skill,  and 
this  generates  a  feeling  of  reliance  upon  his 
conclusions.  The  scope  of  his  investigation  is, 
of  course,  very  wide.  It  involves  tracing  the 
rise  of  the  earliest  English  drama  from  the 
altar-end  of  the  Mother  Church  (with  a  side- 
glance  at  the  secular  influence  of  minstrelsy), 
its  rapid  development  in  the  cruder  forms  of 
miracle,  mystery,  and  morality ;  its  first  at- 
tempts at  tragedy  and  comedy  formed  on  the 
classic  (mostly  Latin)  model ;  the  growth  of 
Shakespeare  and  his  school ;  the  decadence  of 
that  golden  product  through  the  Stuart  reigns  ; 
the  change  to  the  Restoration  Comedy,  with  its 
brilliant  wit,  its  literary  polish,  and  its  social 
indecency, —  all  this  conducting  the  student  to 
the  epoch  of  Queen  Anne  and  closing  with  a 
look  at  Steele  and  Addison  as  dramatists, — 
thus  stopping  short  of  the  classic  late  eight- 
eenth century  comedy  of  Sheridan  and  Gold- 
smith. It  would  be  a  great  service  to  the  cause 
of  dramatic  criticism  if  some  scholar  equally 
equipped  should  take  up  the  discussion  here, 
tell  us  the  story  of  the  drama  under  the  Georges, 
and  then  trace  the  now  evident,  and  not  unim- 
portant, revival  of  English-speaking  drama 
within  the  past  twenty  years  under  such  foreign 
influence  as  that  of  Ibsen  and  Maeterlinck. 
Enough  has  been  accomplished  already  in  cur- 
rent stage  literature  to  justify  such  a  study  and 
to  forecast  the  future  in  no  pessimistic  mood. 
Dr.  Ward  exhibits  what  I  may  call  a  sort  of 
sublimated  common-sense  when  it  comes  to  the 
enunciation  of  principles.  He  has  a  literary 
perception  (not  to  be  gained  necessarily  by  any 
amount  of  study)  which  one  trusts  more  and 
more  as  one  reads  further.  The  survey  of  the 
scholar  work  done  outside  our  own  language  is 
broad,  showing  a  critic  quite  free  from  insu- 
larity. And  while  the  manner  of  these  illumi- 
nating essays  can  hardly  be  called  brilliant,  it 
is  entirely  free  from  pedantic  stiffness  or  ob- 
scurity, and  makes  an  impression,  on  the  whole, 
of  sober  elegance.  Mr.  Swinburne  on  the  elder 
dramatists,  for  example,  gives  us  more  sensa- 
tional reading,  but  is  as  unsafe  a  guide  as  Dr. 
Ward  is  a  safe  one.  As  an  instance  of  the 
value  of  this  contribution  to  the  study  of  the 


poetic  drama,  take  his  admirable  monograph 
(Vol.  I.,  Chap.  IV.)  on  Shakespeare,  in  which 
is  given  an  account  of  the  growth  of  the  mas- 
ter's fame.  It  would  be  difficult,  even  in  the 
mass  of  similar  attempts,  to  indicate  another 
eighty  pages  which  tell  so  much  so  well,  and  are 
so  little  open  to  criticism.  Dr.  Ward's  sense 
of  proportion  is  happily  demonstrated  here  by 
the  half-page  he  devotes  to  a  mention  of  the 
Baconian  theory.  The  critical  estimate  of 
Shakespeare's  qualities  as  a  writer  is  also 
worthy  of  all  praise  for  its  union  of  perception 
and  balance :  the  power  of  character-creation 
being  placed  above  all  else,  and  some  very  sen- 
sible words  spoken  concerning  the  poet's  ability 
in  construction,  which,  however  much  it  has 
been  surpassed  by  modern  playwrights,  was 
certainly  vastly  ahead  of  his  time. 

In  view  of  the  amount  of  excellent  criticism 
on  the  Elizabethan  period  which  exists  in  En- 
glish, the  treatment  in  the  third  volume  of  the 
later  writers,  and  especially  the  Queen  Anne 
writers,  has  particular  value.  This  critic's 
independence  and  originality  of  thought  appear 
to  advantage  in  his  closing  remarks  on  the  tail- 
end  of  the  Stuart  drama.  Nothing  in  the  whole 
course  of  the  exposition  better  illustrates  his 
method  and  habit  of  bringing  a  literary  pro- 
duct into  vital  connection  with  the  national 
life,  —  thereby  to  explain  both  its  merits  and 
defects.  It  was  because  the  plays  of  the  Stuart 
reigns  were  untrue  to  "  the  higher  purposes  of 
the  dramatic  art,  to  the  nobler  tendencies  of 
the  national  life,  and  to  the  eternal  demands 
of  moral  law,"  says  Dr.  Ward,  "  that  its  his- 
tory is  that  of  a  decay  such  as  no  brilliancy, 
either  borrowed  or  original,  can  conceal."  In 
tracing  the  personal  history  of  the  dramatists, 
he  spares  no  pains  to  sift  all  the  evidence  and 
present  the  reader  with  the  probabilities  ;  but 
dogmatism  is  refreshingly  absent — the  kind  of 
theorizing  which  makes  such  criticism  as  that 
of  Fleay  so  attractive  that  the  student  is  in 
danger  of  forgetting  that  clever  assumption, 
not  fact,  is  before  him. 

A  word  should  be  said  as  to  the  very  hand- 
some and  handy  three-volume  form  which  the 
publishers  have  given  to  this  revision  of  a 
standard  work, —  this  form  being  an  indication 
of  the  amount  of  new  matter  which  has  been 
incorporated.  The  dress  is  at  once  dignified 
and  cheerful,  and  will  of  itself  serve  to  win 
general  readers  for  a  work  which  the  special 
student  will  need  no  external  allurements  to 
possess  himself  of  and  absorb. 

RICHARD  BURTON. 


122 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


"  THRONE-MAKERS *  AND  OTHERS. 

The  men  and  the  nations  that  fight  for  free- 
dom and  justice,  as  was  said  by  Senator  Hoar 
in  a  recent  speech,  are  the  men  and  the  nations 
that  live  in  the  grateful  memory  of  mankind 
—  not  the  men  or  nations  who  fight  for  domin- 
ion or  empire.  The  sketches  of  Kossuth  and 
Garibaldi,  in  Mr.  William  Roscoe  Thayer's 
"  Throne-Makers,"  will  probably  give  greater 
pleasure  to  his  readers  than  those  on  Bismarck 
and  Napoleon  III. 

The  title  of  "  throne-maker  "  strikes  one  as 
not  the  happiest  possible  to  apply  to  Kossuth, 
the  president-governor  of  independent  Hun- 
gary:  nor,  for  that  matter,  do  we  think  of 
Garibaldi  —  "  the  lifelong  champion  of  democ- 
racy," as  Mr.  Thayer  himself  calls  him  —  as 
preeminently  a  king-maker.  But  the  two 
studies  are  welcome  under  any  title,  that  on 
the  Hungarian  hero  the  more  so  from  the 
widely  prevalent  ignorance  on  all  matters  per- 
taining to  Austro-Hungarian  history.  The 
historian  Freeman  has  told  how  it  was  not  un- 
usual for  him  to  "  come  across  people  who 
believed  that  Austria  was  one  land  inhabited 
by  '  Austrians  '  who  spoke  the  '  Austrian  '  lan- 
guage ";  and  M.  Louis  Leger  relates,  in  a  pre- 
fatory note  to  the  fourth  edition  of  his  history 
of  Austro-Hungary,  that  when  the  municipality 
of  Prague  sent  a  set  of  its  publications  to  a  cer- 
tain French  society,  the  president  of  the  latter, 
in  acknowledging  the  gift,  expressed  his  regret 
at  not  being  able  to  profit  by  the  favor,  owing 
to  his  ignorance  of  the  Hungarian  language* 

The  story  of  Hungary's  struggle  for  the 
restoration  of  her  acknowledged  rights  will 
always  be  an  interesting  one,  and  certain  de- 
tails in  that  story  point  a  useful  object  lesson 
at  the  present  time.  The  quarrels  between  the 
Hungarian  generals  and  the  civil  authorities, 
the  unfortunate  refusal  of  the  Magyars  to  grant 
to  the  Croats,  the  Serbs  and  the  Wallachs, 
those  very  privileges  for  which  they  themselves 
were  fighting,  —  these  and  other  incidents  of 
the  upheaval  of  1848  in  Hungary  suggest  cer- 
tain parallels  in  more  recent  history. 

Garibaldi  takes  the  author  into  what  is 
apparently  his  favorite  field  of  study,  Italian 
history.  "  When  men  look  back  two  or  three 
hundred  years  hence,  upon  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury," he  says  in  opening,  "  it  may  well  be  that 
they  will  discern  its  salient  characteristic  to 
have  been,  not  scientific,  not  inventive,  as  we 


•THBOJCE-MAKIW.  By  WillUm  Rowoe  Th*y«r.  Bottom 
Hooghton,  Mifflin  A  Co. 


popularly  suppose,  but  romanti-."  The  very 
paradox  here  goes  far  toward  convincing  us, 
but  when  we  read  elsewhere  in  the  book  that 
"  it  is  a  truism  that  Science  has  advanced 
farther  in  our  century  than  in  all  preceding 
time,"  we  are  inclined  to  doubt  whether  the 
author  himself  is  fully  persuaded  that  this  is 
not,  first  and  foremost,  an  age  of  material 
progress,  after  all.  Garibaldi's  autobiography 
furnishes  a  large  part  of  the  material  for  Mr. 
Thayer's  sketch,  and  it  will  surprise  most  read- 
ers to  learn  how  comparatively  small  a  part  of 
the  Italian  hero's  eventful  career  and  martial 
exploits  had  to  do  with  the  land  of  his  birth 
and  of  his  affections. 

The  secret  of  Napoleon  the  Little's  power  is 
put  in  a  way  that  is  worth  quoting. 

"In  oar  individual  lives  we  realize  the  power  of 
memory,  suggestion,  association.  If  we  have  ever  yielded 
to  a  vice,  we  have  felt,  it  may  be  years  after,  how  the 
sight  of  the  old  conditions  revives  the  old  temptation. 
A  glance,  a  sound,  a  smell,  may  be  enough  to  conjure 
up  a  long  series  of  events,  whether  to  grieve  or  to  tempt 
us,  with  more  than  their  original  intensity.  So  we  learn 
that  the  safest  way  to  escape  the  enticement  is  to  avoid 
the  conditions.  Recent  psychology  has  at  last  begun  to 
measure  the  subtle  power  of  suggestion. 

"  But  now  suppose  that  instead  of  an  individual  a 
whole  nation  has  had  a  terrific  experience  of  succumbing 
to  temptation,  and  that  a  cunning,  unscrupulous  man, 
aware  of  the  force  of  association  and  reminiscence,  de- 
liberately applies  both  to  reproduce  those  conditions  in 
which  the  nation  first  abandoned  itself  to  excess:  the 
case  we  have  supposed  is  that  of  France  and  Louis 
Napoleon.  Before  the  reality  of  their  story  the  ro- 
mances of  hypnotism  pale." 

Apropos  of  Napoleon's  appeal  to  his  country- 
men's patriotism,  that  "  last  refuge  of  a  scoun- 
drel," Mr.  Thayer  takes  occasion  to  distinguish 
between  glory  and  gloire,  as  follows : 

"  Glory  implies  something  essentially  noble, —  nay  in 
the  Lord's  Prayer  it  is  a  quality  attributed  to  God  him- 
self: but  gloire  suggests  vanity;  it  is  the  food  braggarts 
famish  after.  The  minute  men  at  Concord  earned  true 
glory;  but  when  the  United  States,  listening  to  the 
seductions  of  evil  politicians,  attacked  and  blasted  a 
decrepit  power, —  fivefold  smaller  in  population,  twenty- 
fold  weaker  in  resources, —  they  might  find  gloire  among 
their  booty,  but  glory,  never." 

Following  the  "  Throne-Makers  "  are  four 
"  Portraits,"--  of  Carlyle,  Tintoretto  (or  Tin- 
toret,  as  Mr.  Thayer  chooses  to  write  it),  Gior- 
dano Bruno,  and  Bryant.  Of  these  the  Italian 
studies  show  the  most  pains.  That  on  Bruno, 
which  is  based  largely  on  Berti's  life  of  the 
martyr  and  on  the  minutes  of  the  Venetian 
Inquisition,  closes  with  perhaps  not  the  very 
happiest  attempt  to  point  the  moral  of  the 
story.  The  writer  gravely  assures  his  readers 
that "  no  tribunal,  whether  religious  or  political, 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


123 


has  a  right  to  coerce  the  conscience  and  inmost 
thoughts  of  any  human  being";  and  he  adds 
the  stock  allusions  to  Torquemada  and  Loyola 
and  Galileo,  duly  informing  us  that  the  latter 
was  threatened  with  the  rack  for  daring  to 
oppose  a  theory  of  the  solar  system  which  no 
school-boy  of  ten  could  now  uphold  without 
being  set  in  the  corner  with  a  fool's-cap  on  his 
head  —  all  of  which  would  be  most  excellent  in 
an  undergraduate's  prize  essay. 

The  chapter  on  Tintoretto  —  in  which,  from 
the  meagerest  of  materials,  the  man  is  made  to 
stand  before  us,  living  and  breathing,  while 
from  his  works  we  are  made  acquainted  with 
the  painter  —  merits  high  praise,  although  the 
writer's  enthusiasm  will  be  generally  thought 
to  have  broken  bounds  when  he  pronounces  this 
artist  "  the  mightiest  genius  who  ever  honored 
painting."  An  eloquent  plea  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  Tintoretto's  fading  canvasses  is  followed 
by  a  series  of  vivid  word-pictures  of  his  prin- 
cipal paintings. 

Mr.  Thayer  shows  in  these  brief  studies  a 
faculty  for  going  straight  to  the  heart  of  the 
matter  and  for  carrying  his  readers  with  him. 
The  apt  statement  of  some  truth,  whether  new 
or  old,  is  not  infrequently  met  with  in  his  pages, 
as  when  he  says  that "  Bryant  interprets  nature 
morally,  Emerson  spiritually,  and  Shelley  emo- 
tionally," and  again  when  he  calls  Carlyle  the 
Michael  Angelo  of  British  prose-writers.  Oc- 
casionally, too,  his  style  betrays  a  refreshing 
originality  and  picturesqueness,  as  in  his  ref- 
erence to  Walt  Whitman,  "  with  cowboy  gait, 
swaggering  up  Parnassus,  shouting  nicknames 
at  the  Muses  and  ready  to  slap  Apollo  on  the 
back."  Some  of  his  verdicts  —  as,  for  exam- 
ple, his  estimate  of  Carlyle  as  "  a  historian 
without  rival  " —  will  not  pass  unchallenged  ; 
but  they  are  honest  opinions  and  ably  defended. 
Most  of  these  essays,  be  it  said  in  conclusion, 
were  first  published  in  various  periodicals. 
PERCY  FAVOR  BICKNELL. 


THE  ORIGIN  OP  GAMES.* 


No  American  student  of  games  has  done  so 
much  work  as  Mr.  Culin.  Beginning  with 
street  games  of  American  children  he  passed 
to  the  games  of  the  Chinese  —  especially  those 
into  which  the  element  of  chance  or  the  lot 

*  CHESS  AND  PLAYING  CARDS.  By  Stewart  Culin.  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.:  Government  Printing  Office. 

HAWAIIAN  GAMES.  By  Stewart  Culin.  From  The  Amer- 
ican Anthropologist  (N.S.).  Vol. I.,  April,  1899.  New  York: 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 


entered.  At  the  time  of  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition  at  Chicago,  he  displayed  a 
large  exhibit,  and  printed  a  paper  upon  its  clas- 
sification and  bearings  that  was  notably  sug- 
gestive. Later,  and  in  part  at  least  from  the 
influence  of  the  Exposition,  he  studied  the 
games  of  the  Hermit  Kingdom  and  prepared 
his  beautiful  book  —  "Korean  Games."  This 
book,  while  chiefly  devoted  to  Korean,  made 
use  also  of  Chinese  and  Japanese  games  for 
comparison  and  was  the  most  important  Amer- 
ican contribution  to  game  study  at  that  time. 
Mr.  Culin's  attention  was  then  turned  to  Amer- 
ican Indian  games,  of  which,  with  the  aid  of 
Mr.  Frank  Hamilton  Gushing,  he  made  a  dili- 
gent investigation.  Some  results  of  this  and 
preceding  studies  were  exhibited  at  the  Cotton 
States  and  International  Exposition  at  Atlanta 
in  1885.  The  exhibit  was  considered  of  such 
interest  and  value  that  a  gold  medal  was 
awarded  it. 

In  Mr.  Culin's  latest  work,  "Chess  and 
Play  ing-Cards,"  we  have  a  treatise  based  upon 
and  growing  out  of  this  collection.  It  fills  some 
270  pages,  and  is  amply  illustrated.  The  atti- 
tude of  the  author  may  be  best  shown  by  a  quo- 
tation : 

"  The  object  of  this  collection  is  to  illustrate  the 
probable  origin,  significance,  and  development  of  the 
games  of  chess  and  playing-cards.  Following  up  the 
suggestion  made  to  the  writer  by  Mr.  Frank  H.  Gush- 
ing, they  are  both  regarded  as  derived  from  the  divin- 
atory  use  of  the  arrow,  and  as  representing  the  two 
principal  methods  of  arrow-divination.  Incidental  to 
the  main  subjects,  various  games  and  divinatory  pro- 
cesses having  a  like  origin,  although  not  leading  directly 
to  chess  or  cards,  are  exhibited,  as  well  as  specimens  of 
each  class  from  various  countries.  The  basis  of  the 
divinatory  systems  from  which  games  have  arisen  is 
assumed  to  be  the  classification  of  all  things  according 
to  the  Four  Directions.  This  method  of  classification 
is  practically  universal  among  primitive  peoples  both  in 
Asia  and  America.  In  order  to  classify  objects  and 
events  which  did  not  in  themselves  reveal  their  proper 
assignment  resort  was  had  to  magic.  Survivals  of  these 
magical  processes  constitute  our  present  games.  .  .  . 
In  the  classification  of  things  according  to  the  four 
quarters  we  find  that  a  numerical  ratio  was  assumed  to 
exist  between  the  several  categories.  The  discovery  of 
this  ratio  was  regarded  as  an  all-important  clue.  The 
cubical  dotted  die  represented  one  of  the  implements 
of  magic  employed  for  this  purpose.  The  cubical  die 
belongs,  however,  to  a  comparatively  late  period  in  the 
history  of  games  and  divination.  The  almost  universal 
object  for  determining  number,  and  thence  by  counting, 
place  or  direction,  is  three  or  more  wooden  staves,  usu- 
ally flat  on  one  side  and  rounded  upon  the  other.  Nu- 
merical counts  are  attributed  to  their  several  falls." 

As  an  example  of  a  simple  game,  where  moves 
along  a  definite  track  are  determined  by  the 
fall  of  staves,  our  author  cites  the  Korean 


124 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


nyout.  A  game,  identically  the  same  in  prin- 
ciple, is  found  throughout  a  wide  range  in  Asia 
and  America.  It  is  represented  by  our  Par- 
cheesl  or  Royal  Game  of  India.  Such  games 
in  Asia  are  usually  clearly  related  to  lot-sticks, 
or  slips.  These  in  turn  are  considered  successors 
of  ancient  thrown  arrows.  Our  author's  presen- 
tation of  American  Indian  games  is  most  inter- 
esting. The  game  of  plumstones  is  widespread. 
This  is  a  gambling  game  in  which  dice  made 
usually  of  fruit  pits  are  shaken  in  a  basket  and 
the  result  counted.  In  some  cases  games  are 
played  with  teeth  of  the  beaver  or  woodchuck, 
which  are  marked :  these  are  thrown  and  the 
marks  showing  are  counted.  Distinct  from 
these  are  the  staves  games,  with  a  diagram 
along  which  pieces  are  moved  according  to 
counts  thrown.  In  some  of  these  latter  games 
these  staves  are  or  can  be  shown  to  be  divina- 
tion arrows.  One  interesting  fact  brought  out 
by  Mr.  Culin  is  that  in  sets  of  four  staves, 
three  are  of  one  form  while  the  fourth  is  dif- 
ferent. There  is  evidence,  both  morphological 
and  linguistic,  that  this  fourth  distinctive  staff 
represents  the  ancient  arrow-throwing  stick, 
while  the  others  represent  ancient  arrows. 

Of  course  most  students  of  games  study  them 
for  evidence  of  migrations  and  contacts.  Mr. 
Culin  is  cautious  in  making  statements  along 
this  line.  Presumably — though  he  may  be 
undergoing  conversion  —  he  holds  the  view 
now  in  vogue  in  this  country,  that  no  such  evi- 
dence is  carried  by  them  and  that  similarities 
are  due  to  psychic  uniformity  and  are  inde- 
pendent growths.  The  psychic  .uniformity  ar- 
gument is  just  now  so  popular  that  it  begins 
to  look  somewhat  threadbare.  It  is  suggest- 
ive that  Mr.  Culin  finds  the  nyout  series  of 
games,  abundant  in  Asia  and  America  —  two 
areas  where  we  should  expect  to  find  similari- 
ties on  the  basis  of  theories  that  antedate  the 
present  psychic  uniformity  craze.  The  present 
reviewer  would  suggest  that  it  may  be  worth 
while  to  separate  American  Indians  into  groups 
of  probably  differing  origins.  From  such  a 
point  of  view  it  might  be  interesting  to  map 
the  tribes,  on  the  basis  of  games,  into  areas  of 
the  nyout  type  and  the  plumstone  type.  The 
areas  would  certainly  overlap,  but  presumably 
an  area  would  be  found  where  the  nyout  type 
is  absent  and  the  plumstone  game  prevails.  This 
area  might  be  profitably  studied  in  connection 
with  the  old-world  area,  where  cubical  dice  are 
used  independent  of  a  nyout  diagram.  Europe, 
on  the  whole,  appears  to  be  such  an  area.  Cu- 
bical dice  with  marked  faces  were  there  used 


in  prehistoric  times.  The  story  of  their  origin 
from  astragali,  first  natural  and  then  artificial, 
has  been  made  out:  Mr.  Culin  restates  it. 
Perhaps  these  suggestions  will  prove  worthless 
in  the  light  of  increased  knowledge. 

That  the  plays  in  chess  were  at  first  deter- 
mined by  throws  is  quite  certain.  That  Chi- 
nese and  Korean  playing-cards  are  derived 
from  divination  arrows  and  that  lot-slips  have 
the  same  origin,  Mr.  Culin  makes  clear.  Our 
chess  and  our  playing-cards  have  been  derived 
from,  or  largely  influenced  by,  the  Oriental 
games.  Wonder  is  sometimes  expressed  why 
cards,  apparently  devised  for  simple  play,  are 
used  in  fortune  telling.  The  truth  is  the  play, 
not  the  divination,  is  derived.  The  gypsy  wo- 
men telling  fates  with  cards  is  survival,  not 
afterthought. 

One  may  see  how  much  of  curious  interest 
comes  out  in  Mr.  Culm's  book.  Yet  he  has 
not  printed  all  his  important  studies.  He  is 
working  along  a  dozen  other  lines.  Just  as  we 
write  this  notice,  his  paper  on  u  Hawaiian 
Games  "  comes  to  hand.  It  aims  at  fair  com- 
pleteness, but  is  entirely  descriptive,  going 
into  neither  discussion  nor  theory.  Ninety-one 
games  are  described.  Some  are  simple  :  others 
are  quite  complex.  Some,  like  cat's-cradle, 
maika  (the  famous  bowling  game,  played  with 
discoidal  stones  upon  a  specially  prepared 
course)  and pu-he-ne-he-ne  (a  gambling,  hiding, 
game)  present  particularly  interesting  points 
for  investigation.  While  the  treatment  is 
specifically  of  Hawaiian  games,  comparative 
material  is  continually  introduced  from  other 
Polynesian  islands.  FREDERICK  STARR. 


THE  MISSOURI  COMPROMISE  AND  ITS 
REPEAL.* 


The  vacancy  in  the  United  States  Senate, 
caused  by  the  resignation  and  subsequent 
death  of  Henry  Clay,  was  filled  by  the  election 
for  the  remainder  of  the  unexpired  term  of 
Archibald  Dixon  of  Kentucky.  Mr.  Dixon 
was  a  pro-slavery  Whig  of  some  local  reputa- 
tion. He  had  been  Lieutenant-Governor  of  his 
State,  had  strenuously  opposed  gradual  eman- 
cipation in  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1849,  and  had  been  defeated  for  the  governor- 
ship in  the  state  election  just  passed.  Illness 
compelled  Mr.  Dixon's  absence  from  the  Sen- 

•  THE  TRUE  HISTORY  or  THE  MISSOURI  COMPROMISE  AND 
ITS  REPEAL.  By  Mra.  Archibald  Dixon.  Cincinnati :  The 
Robert  Clarke  Company. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


125 


ate  during  the  greater  part  of  the  second  session 
of  the  Thirty-second  Congress.  At  this  session, 
a  bill  for  the  organization,  without  mention 
of  slavery,  of  the  territory  west  of  Missouri, 
passed  the  House  and  failed  in  the  Senate. 
The  South  would  not  organize  that  territory 
without  slavery,  and  the  North  would  not  or- 
ganize it  with  slavery.  At  the  next  session  of 
Congress,  Douglas  introduced  his  celebrated 
Nebraska  Bill.  The  bill  and  its  accompanying 
report  were  artfully  constructed  in  order  to 
draw  Southern  votes,  upon  the  theory  that  the 
bill  repealed  the  Missouri  Compromise,  and 
Northern  ones  upon  the  theory  that  it  did  not. 
On  January  16,  1854,  Mr.  Dixon,  either  fear- 
ing the  issue  or  preferring  a  straightforward 
course,  gave  notice  of  a  motion  to  amend  the 
bill  by  a  direct  repeal  of  the  Missouri  restric- 
tion, and  thus  forced  Douglas  to  incorporate 
direct  repeal  in  his  bill  very  nearly  in  the  form 
in  which  it  finally  passed.  But  for  this  motion, 
Mr.  Dixon  would  never  have  been  heard  of.  As 
it  constitutes  his  only  connection  with  Amer- 
ican history,  we  might  not  inappropriately  call 
him  "  single  motion  "  Dixon. 

With  this  motion  as  a  climax,  Mr.  Dixon's 
widow  has  written  a  bulky  book  of  over  six 
hundred  pages,  which  she  calls  "The  True 
History  of  the  Missouri  Compromise  and  its 
Repeal,"  and  dedicates  it  to  "  The  Truth  of 
History  and  the  People  of  the  United  States." 
The  author  tells  us  that  the  work  was  begun 
the  year  after  Mr.  Dixon's  death,  in  1876  ; 
that  her  library  and  the  partially  completed 
manuscript  were  destroyed  by  fire  in  1893,  so 
that  the  work  had  to  be  re-written.  The  book 
is  evidently  a  labor  of  love,  undertaken  as  a 
memorial  to  her  husband  and  completed  with 
great  difficulty.  Under  the  circumstances  we 
sincerely  regret  that  we  cannot  commend  the 
result.  Mrs.  Dixon  possesses  the  qualifications 
neither  for  writing  impartial  history  nor  for 
making  a  special  plea.  Her  material  is  drawn 
almost  exclusively  from  the  speeches  of  radical 
pro-slavery  members  of  Congress,  a  study  of 
which  seems  to  have  warped  her  judgment  and 
corrupted  her  English.  The  book  is  encum- 
bered with  long  quotations  from  these  speeches, 
many  of  them  of  slight  importance,  and  the 
style  is  marred  by  such  expressions  as  "  defeat 
was  a  bitter  pill "  and  "  hypocrite  of  the  first 
water."  She  treats  successively  the  slavery 
compromises  of  the  Constitution,  the  Compro- 
mises of  1820  and  1850,  and  the  Kansas- 
Nebraska  Act.  In  her  view,  the  continuance 
of  the  slave  trade  until  1808  resulted  from  a 


bargain  between  the  New  England  States  on 
the  one  hand,  and  South  Carolina  and  Georgia 
on  the  other,  which  made  the  North  responsible 
for  Southern  slavery ;  the  Missouri  Compro- 
mise was  an  unjust  and  unconstitutional  act 
forced  upon  the  South  by  Northern  men,  and 
the  wrong  of  this  act  was  finally  redressed  by 
the  courage  and  sagacity  of  the  "  Hon.  Archi- 
bald Dixon  of  Kentucky,  true  Author  of  the 
Repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise  and  be- 
loved husband  of  the  writer,"  and  these  con- 
clusions are  enforced  by  repeated  assertion 
rather  than  by  evidence  and  argument. 

The  treatment  of  the  Missouri  Compromise 
is  especially  inconsistent  and  contradictory. 
Page  after  page  is  devoted  to  proof  that  Clay 
was  not  the  author  of  the  first  Compromise,  a 
fact  now  so  well  known  that  not  even  the  tra- 
ditional schoolboy  would  need  to  be  informed 
of  it.  Mrs.  Dixon  admits  that  slavery  excluded 
free  labor  from  the  territories  "as  effectually  as 
an  act  of  Congress,"  and  then  denounces  the 
Compromise  of  1820  as  working  great  injus- 
tice to  the  South  by  its  exclusion  of  slave 
property.  Why  it  was  more  unjust  to  exclude 
the  Southern  slave-owner  by  prohibiting  slav- 
ery than  to  exclude  the  Northern  laborer  by 
admitting  it,  does  not  appear.  She  insists  that 
the  Compromise  was  not  a  Southern  measure; 
though  it  was  passed  by  Southern  votes  and 
was  hailed  by  Southern  men  at  the  time  as  "  a 
great  triumph."  She  denies  that  the  Missouri 
act  was  a  "  solemn  compromise  "  between  the 
sections,  though  Clay  so  described  it ;  and  then 
she  reproaches  the  North  for  breaking  a  com- 
pact by  delaying  the  admission  of  Missouri. 
She  seems  to  consider  that  the  United  States 
and  Missouri  were  the  parties  to  the  compact, 
as  if  the  State,  in  return  for  its  admission  by 
the  United  States,  could  guarantee  the  exclu- 
sion of  slavery  from  territory  beyond  its  limits. 
It  is  the  same  old  chaff  threshed  over  again. 
No  amount  of  sophistry  can  make  the  Missouri 
act  anything  but  a  compact  between  the  sec- 
tions. That  it  was  not  legally  binding,  must 
be  admitted.  That  it  was  morally  binding,  can- 
not be  gainsaid. 

The  only  contribution  to  history  that  Mrs. 
Dixon's  book  makes  is  contained  in  the  few 
pages  devoted  to  the  drafting  of  Mr.  Dixon's 
motion.  Mrs.  Dixon  was  married  in  October 
of  1853,  and  acted  as  her  husband's  amanuen- 
sis during  the  ensuing  session  of  Congress. 
The  value  of  her  testimony  is  somewhat  im- 
paired by  her  admission  that  at  the  time  she 
understood  little  of  what  was  going  on,  "  being 


126 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


in  fact  another  edition  of  Dora  holding  the 
pens,"  but  it  is  nevertheless  the  testimony  of 
an  eye-witness.  Mr.  Dixon  dictated  the  motion 
to  her  the  evening  before  it  was  introduced. 
She  re-wrote  it  a  number  of  times  until  it  suited 
him,  and  he  afterwards  copied  in  his  own  hand 
the  draft  that  he  introduced  in  the  Senate.  In 
the  days  following  the  motion,  Mr.  Dixon's 
friends  called  to  congratulate  him  upon  the 
step  he  had  taken,  and  Douglas  took  him  for 
the  drive,  during  which  he  accepted  the  prin- 
ciple of  Mr.  Dixon's  motion  and  the  two  men 
made  to  each  other  the  grandiloquent  speeches, 
expressive  of  mutual  esteem,  which  Dixon  after- 
wards repeated  in  his  letter  to  Foote.  The 
important  point  of  the  narrative  is  that  the 
motion  came  as  a  surprise  to  everyone,  and 
that  Dixon  made  it  upon  his  own  initiative  and 
without  collusion  with  anyone. 

It  has  been  charged  that  Seward  inspired 
Dixon's  motion,  and  this  charge  has  recently 
been  given  an  added  importance  by  its  accept- 
ance by  so  prominent  and  able  a  writer  upon 
American  history  as  is  Professor  Burgess  of  Co- 
lumbia University.  In  a  review  of  Mr.  Rhodes 's 
history,  in  the  "  Political  Science  Quarterly," 
Mr.  Burgess  said : 

"  Mr.  Seward  ridiculed  the  doctrine  of  popular  sov- 
ereignty, and  knew  that  the  passage  of  the  Nebraska 
bill,  with  its  ambiguous  language  about  the  abolition  of 
the  Missouri  Compromise  by  the  principle  of  the  Com- 
promise of  1850,  would  set  the  whole  country  on  fire 
again  over  the  subject  of  slavery.  Yet,  according  to  his 
own  confession,  he  incited  his  Whig  friend,  Senator 
Dixon  of  Kentucky,  to  move  the  amendment  to  the  bill 
which  cleared  away  all  ambiguity  and  proposed  directly 
the  abolition  of  the  Compromise  of  1820;  and  he  did 
this  with  the  purpose  of  destroying  the  quiet  of  his 
country,  rousing  the  slaveholders  to  violent  words  and 
deeds,  and  creating  an  issue  upon  which  he  might  be 
borne  into  the  presidency." 

Mr.  Burgess  repeats  this  charge,  though  some- 
what less  positively,  in  his  admirable  little 
book  entitled  «  The  Middle  Period."  The  only 
evidence  upon  which  it  rests  is  a  statement  by 
Montgomery  Blair  that  Seward  told  him  that 
"  he  was  the  man  who  put  Archy  Dixon  up  to 
moving  the  repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise, 
as  an  amendment  to  Douglas's  first  Kansas  bill, 
and  had  himself  forced  the  repeal  by  that 
movement,  and  had  thus  brought  to  life  the 
Republican  party."  This  statement  was  made 
in  a  letter  written  immediately  after  Seward's 
death,  for  publication  in  an  attack  upon  his 
memory.  If  it  were  true,  it  is  certainly  very 
extraordinary  that  Seward  should  have  made 
Blair  bis  sole  confidant,  and  that  no  other  evi- 
dence of  it  has  ever  come  to  light.  The  charge 


is  antecedently  improbable.  Seward  and  Dixon 
were  not  friends,  as  is  assumed  ;  and  though 
nominally  members  of  the  same  party,  they 
were  really  as  far  apart  politically  as  the  poles. 
Neither  of  them  was  likely  to  do  a  service  for 
or  put  himself  in  the  power  of  the  other.  As 
the  charge  was  not  made  until  after  Seward's 
death,  he  never  had  an  opportunity  to  meet  it. 
Mr.  Dixon  indignantly  denied  it  as  soon  as  it 
came  to  his  notice,  and  now  Mrs.  Dixon,  nar- 
nating  as  an  eye-witness  the  circumstances 
under  which  the  motion  was  drafted,  contrib- 
utes her  testimony  in  support  of  the  conclusion 
that  Mr.  Dixon  acted  independently  and  with- 
out consultation  with  anyone.  Whatever  credit 
or  discredit  attaches  to  his  motion  belongs  to 
him  and  to  him  alone.  j\  j-j  HODDER. 


IN  AUSTRALIAN  WILDS.* 

The  great  continent  of  Australia  has  a  pecu- 
liar fascination  for  adventurous  spirits.  Its  as- 
tounding dimensions  —  about  2500  miles  from 
east  to  west,  and  1600  miles  from  north  to 
south,  containing  about  3,000,000  square  miles 
—  furnish  adequate  territory  for  explorers 
through  many  years  to  come.  The  last  quarter 
century  has  seen  hundreds  and  thousands  of 
prospectors  rush  to  the  wilds  of  that  land  in 
search  of  gold.  While  a  few  had  "  a  streak  of 
luck,"  the  great  majority  lost  their  all  and 
many  even  their  lives.  Only  a  little  rim  around 
the  coast  of  that  new  continent  is  occupied  by 
enlightened  peoples.  The  so-called  districts  of 
Australia  flourish  within  easy  reach  of  the  sea, 
while  the  centre  of  the  continent  is  almost  one 
wild  arid  waste,  covered  with  spinifex, —  a  kind 
of  desert  grass, —  sand,  and  rocks,  with  only 
slight  traces  of  life. 

Mr.  Carnegie  and  a  few  companions  landed 
in  Western  Australia  in  September,  1892,  with 
their  heads  full  of  golden  castles  in  the  air. 
Into  the  mining  regions  of  Coolgardie  they 
plunged,  eager  to  strike  a  vein  of  shiny  metal. 
The  fortunes  of  the  early-on-the-ground  pros- 
pectors drove  them  nearly  frantic.  But  only 
after  long  searching  and  desperate  circum- 
stances did  they  yield  to  the  inevitable  and 

•SriNiFEX  AMD  SAND:  A  Narrative  of  Five  Yean'  Pio- 
neering and  Exploration  in  Western  Australia.  With  pocket 
charts  and  illustrations.  By  the  Hon.  David  W.  Carnegie. 
New  York :  M.  F.  Mansfield  A  Co. 

IK  THE  AUSTRALIAN  BUSH  AND  OK  THK  COAST  or  THE 
CORAL  SKA.  Being  the  Experience*  and  Observations  of  a 
Naturalist  in  Australia,  New  Guinea,  and  the  Moluccas.  By 
Richard  Senion.  With  eighty-six  illustrations  and  four 
map*.  New  York  :  The  Macmillan  Co. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


127 


«nter  the  employ  of  a  company.    In  this  capac- 
ity they  found  a  salable  mine,  and  wisely  sold 
out.    The  small  section  of  Mr.  Carnegie's  vol- 
ume dealing  with  these  experiences  is  full  of 
valuable  hints  and  facts  regarding  the  gold 
hunter's  and  miner's  life  in  that  sandy,  almost 
waterless,  region  of  Western  Australia.     The 
most  instructive,  though  somewhat  extended, 
portion  of  the  book  recites  the  daring  of  Mr. 
Carnegie  in  setting  out  to  traverse  this  great 
desert  from  south  to  north  —  a  distance  of  one 
thousand  miles  in  a  bee  line.    Other  explorers 
of  Central  Australia  had  met  various  fates : 
some  had  gone  never  to  return ;  others  had 
started  with  fully  equipped  expeditions,  and 
had  barely  reached  civilization  again.     This 
adventurer  chose  a  route  of  his  own  ;  and  with 
four  companions,  nine  camels,  a  dog,  and  food 
and  equipment  for  six  months,  he  started  in 
midwinter  to  penetrate  the  desert  from  south 
to  north.  After  four  and  a  half  months  of  weary 
wandering  over  a  deviating  course  of  1,413 
miles,  he  reached  the  northern  rim  of  civiliza- 
tion.    The  most  desperate  want  of  explorers 
in  this  desert  is  water  ;  for  days  at  a  time,  and 
sometimes  even  weeks,  not  a  trace  of  water  can 
be  found,  except  dried-up  or  filthy  pools  in  the 
hollows  of  rocks.    But  this  desert  is  not  abso- 
lutely uninhabited.      The  wild  natives  roam 
about  in  their  solitude,  living  upon  wild  rats, 
snakes,    birds,    or   whatever    they    can    find. 
When  the  expedition  had  almost  despaired  of 
ever  again  finding  water,  a  human  footprint 
was  found  in  the  sand.       It  was    followed, 
and  a  hundred  yards  ahead  a  wild  man  was 
seen  digging  up  an  iguana  for  his  supper.    He 
was   caught,   though    only  after  a  desperate 
struggle,  and  made  fast  by  a  rope.     He  was 
"  about  five  feet,  eight  inches,  thin  but  muscu- 
lar, with  very  large  feet  and  small  hands,  very 
black,  very  dirty  ;  his  only  garment  consisted 
of  a  band  of  string  round  his  forehead,  holding 
his  hair  back  in  a  ragged  mop-like  mass.    On 
his  chest,  raised  scars  ;  through  his  nose,  a  hole 
ready  to  hold  a  bone  or  stick  —  such  was  this 
child  of  the  wilderness."     He  was  fed  on  salt 
beef,  with  the  double  object  of  cementing  friend- 
ship and  promoting  thirst.     With  the  native 
leading  the  way,  the  caravan  marched  many 
weary  hours.    He  often  deceived  them  by  tak- 
ing them  to  dry  pits  or  dirty  pools.    But  finding 
that  he  could  not  escape  from  his  captors,  nor 
obtain  a  drink  of  water,  he  led  the  caravan  to 
an  out-of-the-way  place,  where  one  could  see 
merely  a  hole  in  the  rocks.     Climbing  down 
into  this  recess,  Mr.  Carnegie  discovered  signs 


of  water  ;  after  lighting  a  fire  and  sliding  down 
another  narrow  opening,  he  found  at  the  bot- 
tom of  it  an  abundant  well  of  cool  fresh  water. 
The  native  had  saved  their  lives,  for  not  one 
man  in  a  thousand  could  have  found  this  hidden 
treasure. 

"  From  Sep.  16th  t°  Nov.  16th  we  were  never  out  of 
sight  of  a  sand-ridge,  and  during  that  time  traveled  420 
miles,  taking  into  account  all  deviations  consequent 
upon  steering  for  smokes  and  tracking  up  natives,  giv- 
ing an  average  of  not  quite  seven  miles  a  day,  including 
stoppages.  This  ghastly  desert  is  somewhat  broken  in 
its  northern  portion  by  the  occurrence  of  sandstone 
tablelands,  the  Southesk  Tablelands ;  the  southern  part, 
.  .  .  presents  nothing  to  the  eye  but  ridge  upon  ridge 
of  sand,  running  with  the  regularity  of  the  drills  in  a 
ploughed  field.  A  vast,  howling  wilderness  of  high, 
spinifex-clad  ridges  of  red  sand,  so  close  together  that 
in  a  day's  march  we  crossed  from  sixty  to  eighty  ridges, 
so  steep  that  often  the  camels  had  to  crest  them  on  their 
knees,  and  so  barren  and  destitute  of  vegetation  (sav- 
ing spinifex)  that  one  marvels  how  even  camels  could 
pick  up  a  living.  I  estimate  their  average  vertical 
height  from  trough  to  crest  at  fifty  to  sixty  feet.  Some 
.  .  .  reached  a  height  of  considerably  over  one  hundred 
feet.  Sometimes  the  ridges  would  be  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  apart,  and  sometimes  ridge  succeeded  ridge  like 
the  waves  of  the  sea." 

The  expedition's  only  salvation  through  all 
these  weary  marches  was  the  frequent  captivity 
of  the  wild  natives  of  these  trackless  regions. 
Their  familiarity  with  their  roaming  ground 
made  them  valuable  to  Mr.  Carnegie,  as  they 
always  knew  where  good  water  could  be  found. 
By  December  4  Hall's  Creek  was  reached,  with 
the  loss  of  one  member  of  the  expedition 
through  an  accident.  After  enjoying  the  good 
things  of  civilization  for  a  time,  the  same  com- 
pany, with  a  somewhat  different  equipment, 
plunged  into  the  desert  to  return  to  Coolgardie, 
but  by  a  somewhat  different  route.  Their  skill 
in  capturing  and  controlling  the  natives,  and 
in  finding  through  them  an  abundance  of  water 
at  frequent  intervals,  made  this  a  much  more 
satisfactory  campaign. 

The  author  has  prepared  useful  folding 
charts  of  the  routes  followed  in  these  cam- 
paigns. They  are  so  fully  detailed  as  to  make 
them  of  invaluable  service  to  other  explorers 
of  these  regions.  Useful  appendices  describe 
some  of  the  customs  and  weapons  of  the  little- 
known  natives,  and  the  principal  features  of 
Western  Australia.  The  whole  story  is  told 
in  direct,  clear,  plain  English,  with  few  pre- 
tenses of  literary  merit. 

Professor  Semon,  of  Jena,  Germany,  is  a 
naturalist  who  was  so  fortunate  as  to  secure 
pecuniary  support  for  a  journey  to  Australia, 
to  study  the  fauna,  the  oviparous  animals, 


128 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


marsupials,  and  the  ceratodus,  a  fish.  This 
volume  (the  English  edition  of  a  work  which 
first  appeared  in  German)  is  a  narrative,  almost 
a  diary,  of  the  author's  two  years'  experience, 
observations,  and  thoughts.  Its  style  is  some- 
what grandiose,  and  its  method  of  telling  things 
rather  long  drawn  out  and  often  wearisome. 
One  cannot  but  feel  that  there  is  often  a  studied 
effort  to  say  as  much  as  can  be  said  about 
almost  every  event  or  thing  mentioned  (for 
example  pp.  118,  121).  The  translator,  too, 
is  often  at  fault  in  not  rendering  the  German 
into  idiomatic  English,  for  example  (p.  161), 
in  speaking  of  the  egg  of  echidna,  the  author 
is  made  to  say,  "  it  is  very  remindful  of  a  tor- 
toise egg." 

But  aside  from  the  somewhat  wearisome 
method  of  detail,  to  be  seen  in  quotations  given 
below,  the  book  is  full  of  genuine  interest. 
This  lies  entirely  in  the  facts  presented,  and  in 
the  author's  masterful  knowledge  of  his  own 
specialty.  Although  not  writing  a  technical 
treatise,  he  still  describes  in  a  popular  manner 
quite  a  variety  of  the  fauna  of  Australia.  His 
experience,  however,  on  this  continent  was  lim- 
ited to  the  eastern  coast  of  Queensland,  and  to 
the  islands  adjacent  to  its  most  northern  cape, 
with  a  short  run  through  the  East  Indies.  He 
describes  in  one  long  chapter  and  with  ample 
detail  the  character  of  the  natives  with  whom 
he  dealt.  His  conclusion  on  one  point  is  as 
follows : 

"  We  find  the  intellect  and  senses  of  the  Australian 
brilliantly  developed  in  all  directions  bearing  on  the 
hunt,  i.  e.,  an  excessively  sharp  power  of  observation, 
topographic  sense  and  memory,  and  a  particular  fac- 
ulty of  drawing  conclusions  from  the  smallest  signs  and 
traces,  as  to  the  whereabouts,  the  occupations,  and  the 
actual  state  of  the  game.  All  this,  combined  with  great 
dexterity  in  the  use  of  weapons,  makes  any  Australian 
game  the  helpless  prey  of  these  perfect  huntsmen. 
Therefore  it  is  a  great  error  to  represent  Australians 
as  a  half-starved  miserable  race  struggling  for  life 
under  the  hardest  conditions.  The  very  contrary  is  the 
case." 

Mr.  Carnegie,  who  travelled  more  than  three 
thousand  miles  through  the  wilds  of  Australia, 
and  had  larger  observation,  came  to  quite  a 
different  general  conclusion  in  his  "  Spinifex 
and  Sand.1' 

But  the  really  valuable  information  con- 
tributed in  Professor  Semon's  book  lies  not  in  its 
generalizations,  but  in  its  specific  descriptions 
of  local  conditions  and  things.  The  habits  of 
life,  the  character  and  peculiar  significance  of 
the  Ceratodus  (p.  90  Jr.),  the  Ornithorhyn- 
chus  (p.  42/V),  the  Echidna  (p.  157/.),  and 
other  less  famous  life  of  Australia,  are  set  forth 


in  a  manner  that  will  make  a  naturalist,  for 
the  time  being,  of  any  reader.  The  peculiar 
fauna,  the  topography  of  the  islands,  the  lux- 
urious vegetation,  the  shrewd  natives  of  the 
East  Indies,  are  pictured  with  the  same  detail 
that  we  find  regarding  Australia.  His  descrip- 
tion of  the  Papuans  of  New  Guinea  possesses 
interest. 

"  The  disposition  of  the  Papuans  is  light  and  gay. 
Solemn  and  grave  as  is  the  mein  and  deportment  of  the 
old  gentlemen,  the  laughing  youth  forms  the  domineer- 
ing element  in  every  village.  The  Papuan  is  of  a  de- 
cidedly domestic  turn,  and  has  much  taste  for  the  joys 
of  family  life.  Man  and  wife  —  though  most  of  the 
men  boast  several  spouses  —  are  generally  very  fond  of 
each  other,  the  women  especially  being  much  attached 
to  their  husbands,  by  whom  they  are  in  general  kindly 
treated.  .  .  .  The  children  grow  up  in  full  freedom  and 
without  restraint,  drilling,  or  bullying  of  any  kind. 
They  thus  form  a  happy  assemblage,  amiable  and  sym- 
pathetic if  somewhat  boisterous,  ...  so  pleasing  in 
their  boldness  and  freedom  from  restraint  that  it  is 
impossible  to  be  angry  with  them." 

Regarding  the  Malays  of  Java,  he  says : 

"  I  believe  the  Malays  to  be  the  cleanest  of  all  un- 
civilized races.  A  warm  climate  in  itself  is  by  no  means 
a  guarantee  of  cleanly  habits,  and  African  negroes, 
Papuans,  and,  above  all,  the  inhabitants  of  tropical  Aus- 
tralia, show  a  deplorable  disregard  of  these.  .  .  .  We 
may  regard  cleanliness  as  a  national  Malayan  virtue." 

The  greatest  value  of  this  work  must  be  seen, 
then,  in  the  careful  observations  of  the  author, 
the  popular  scientific  descriptions  he  gives  of 
men,  beasts,  fishes,  fowls,  lands,  seas,  jungles, 
villages,  cities,  governments,  customs,  rites, 
and  everyday  life  as  he  found  it  in  the  south- 
eastern hemisphere.  Four  good  maps  aid  the 
reader  in  following  the  journeys  of  the  nat- 
uralist. IRA  M.  PRICE. 


AGAIN  THE  CASE  OF  CUBA.* 

Three  soberly-written  and  thoughtful  volumes, 
now  before  us,  seem  especially  adapted  to  facilitate 
the  consideration  of  what  is  now  established  in  the 
public  mind  aa  the  Case  of  Cuba.  The  first,  by 
Mr.  Robert  T.  Hill,  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey, 
is  a  well-digested  and  compact  manual  of  the  West 
India  Islands  as  studied  by  a  trained  scientific  ob- 

*  CUBA  AND  POKTO  Rico.  With  the  Other  Islands  of  the 
West  Indies :  Their  Topography,  Climate,  Flora,  Products, 
Industries,  Cities,  Political  Conditions,  etc.  By  Robert  T. 
Hill,  of  the  United  States  Geological  Surrey.  New  York  : 
The  Century  Co. 

COMMERCIAL  CUBA  :  A  Book  for  Business  Men.  By  Will- 
liam  T.  Clark.  New  York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

INDUSTRIAL  CUBA.  Being  a  Study  of  Present  Industrial 
and  Commercial  Conditions,  with  Suggestions  as  to  Opportu- 
nities Presented  in  the  Island  for  American  Capital,  Enter- 
prise, and  Labor.  By  Robert  P.  Porter,  Special  Commissioner 
for  the  United  States  to  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico.  With  illus- 
trations and  maps.  New  York :  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


129 


server.  It  appears  to  have  been  prepared,  chiefly, 
before  the  late  war  with  Spain,  with  the  purpose  of 
presenting  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  a 
plain,  unvarnished,  and  unprejudiced  account  of 
our  neighbors  that  skirt  the  Caribbean  waters. 

The  second  of  these  volumes,  by  Mr.  William  T. 
Clark,  applies  to  Cuba  only.  Its  author  has  inves- 
tigated the  island  with  direct  reference  to  its  prom- 
ise as  an  opening  for  business  enterprises  from  the 
United  States.  The  book  contains  much  important 
statistical  information,  and  a  pretty  full  gazetteer 
of  the  Cuban  cities  and  towns.  One  who  proposes 
entering  Cuba  for  business,  agricultural,  mining,  or 
commercial  purposes  will  find  that  Mr.  Clark  has 
foreseen  and  answered  many  of  the  questions  which 
would  naturally  arise. 

The  third  is  by  Mr.  Robert  P.  Porter,  well  known 
as  a  publicist  and  as  the  Commissioner  of  the  United 
States  Census  of  1890.  Soon  after  the  signing  of 
the  protocol  of  peace  between  Spain  and  the  United 
States,  August  12,  1898,  Mr.  Porter  was  sent  to 
Cuba  by  President  McKinley  as  a  special  commis- 
sioner to  observe  and  report  upon  the  conditions  of 
the  island,  industrial,  commercial,  and  financial. 
In  the  prosecution  of  his  mission  Mr.  Porter  visited 
all  the  provinces  and  most  of  the  cities  and  prin- 
cipal towns  of  Cuba,  examined  many  witnesses,  and 
collected  a  vast  amount  of  evidence,  personal  and 
documentary.  This  volume,  if  not  his  report  in 
exact  form  as  made  to  the  President,  may  be  ac- 
cepted as  his  report  to  the  American  people,  deal- 
ing with  the  vital  questions  that  confront  the  repub- 
lic as  to  the  new  life  to  be  presently  entered  upon 
by  this  hitherto  unfortunate  island,  once  called  the 
Key  of  the  New  World.  The  official  position  of 
the  writer  and  his  recognized  fitness  for  such  a 
mission,  lends  to  his  work  peculiar  interest  as  well 
as  a  large  measure  of  authority. 

Questions  of  great  moment  confront  the  people, 
both  of  the  United  States  and  of  Cuba,  as  to  the 
relations  which  these  peoples  may  rightfully  main- 
tain towards  each  other,  and  as  to  the  wisest  methods 
by  which  the  solution  of  pending  questions  may  be 
reached.  These  problems  must  receive  immediate 
consideration.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  passion,  pre- 
judice, and  greed  may  not  be  permitted  to  dictate 
the  adjustment  of  interests  so  momentous. 

But  little  more  than  a  year  ago,  the  strained  rela- 
tions between  our  government  and  that  of  Spain 
came  to  a  rupture.  The  conflict  between  Spain  and 
her  colony  had  assumed  the  phase  of  a  war  of  ex- 
termination. In  a  brief  period,  five  hundred  thou- 
sand human  beings,  men,  women,  and  children,  had 
perished,  a  few  in  fight,  most  of  them  by  starvation. 
The  war  was  pitiless  in  its  methods  and  inhuman 
in  its  purposes  against  the  insurgents,  including  in 
general  all  born  in  the  island,  and  all  occupied  as 
planters,  with  their  employees  and  dependants. 
Impelled  by  motives  both  of  humanity  and  self- 
interest,  the  government  of  the  United  States  flung 
its  sword  into  the  scale.  None,  whether  Spaniards, 
Cubans,  or  Americans,  in  the  arena  of  combat,  or 


of  the  throng  of  European  spectators  who  crowded 
the  galleries  as  interested  observers,  doubted  for  a 
moment  the  outcome  of  the  combat.  Few  supposed 
that  the  Spaniard  would  or  could  yield  to  a  demand 
upon  paper  until  the  virility  of  the  demand  was 
shown  by  the  actual  clash  of  arms.  The  lightning 
strokes  came  swiftly,  and  with  an  intensity  which 
astonished  even  those  who  manipulated  the  dread 
artillery.  Three  rounds,  one  in  the  Bay  of  Manila, 
one  on  the  heights  above  Santiago,  and  one  in  the 
sea  before  its  harbor,  sufficed  to  demonstrate  even 
to  Spanish  pride  the  imperative  logic  of  superior 
force.  Then  followed  the  overture  of  peace,  the 
protocol,  the  treaty,  the  evacuation,  the  transfer  of 
authority,  the  exchange  of  ratifications,  and  under 
the  proclamation  of  the  President  peace  again 
reigns  —  at  least  as  to  our  relations  with  Spain. 

The  combatants  may  now  estimate  their  losses, 
count  their  gains,  and  strike  a  balance.  The  Span- 
ish Queen  Regent  may  enter  up  the  loss  of  prestige, 
the  loss  of  fleets,  and  the  loss  of  the  last  of  her  once 
imperial  colonies.  As  to  this,  may  we  not  find  in 
Queen  Christina  another  Christiana,  from  whose 
weary  shoulders  falls  a  most  oppressive  burden? 
One  can  imagine  her,  like  the  Apostle,  having  long 
prayed,  "  Who  shall  deliver  me  from  the  body  of 
this  death  ?  "  Perhaps  before  the  altar  of  her  hu- 
miliation, the  wailing  music  of  the  Miserere  becomes 
transposed  into  the  rejoicing  strains  of  the  Te  Deum. 

Our  venerated  Uncle  Sam  will  write  in  his  note- 
book that  he  has  fulfilled  his  promise  by  lifting  the 
yoke  from  the  suffering  Cubans,  that  he  has  ac- 
quired a  fine  collection  of  islands,  and  that  he  has 
paid  twenty  millions  for  a  white  elephant  still  at 
large  in  the  jungle.  The  actual  value  of  the  ele- 
phant as  yet  appears  to  be  res  non  adjudicata. 

Here,  as  everywhere,  the  future  treads  upon  the 
heels  of  the  past.  From  the  President  to  the  hum- 
blest citizen,  everyone  is  asking,  What  is  to  be  done 
with  Cuba?  Can  there  be  any  doubt  that  our  gov- 
ernment should,  with  wise  deliberation,  proceed  to 
fulfil  the  promise  made  when  Congress  declared 
that  "  Cuba  is,  and  of  right  ought  to  be,  free  "  ?  Is 
there  any  reason  to  doubt  that  events  are  moving 
toward  that  end  as  rapidly  as  the  conditions  will 
reasonably  permit  ?  A  most  important  step  was  the 
payment  and  disbanding  of  the  Cuban  army.  Now 
the  pressing  need  is  the  active  resumption  of  agri- 
cultural occupations,  which  will  signalize  the  actual 
return  to  the  normal  conditions  of  peaceful  life. 

To  the  American  mind  there  can  be  little  doubt 
that  the  ultimate  good  of  Cuba,  to  herself,  will  be 
found  in  annexation  to  the  United  States.  Her 
position  among  the  nations  as  a  member  of  this 
powerful  republic  will  be  of  far  more  importance 
than  that  which  she  could  maintain  as  a  young  and 
feeble,  though  independent  state,  even  if  she  were 
to  continue  to  enjoy  the  protection  of  her  strong 
neighbor.  Entering  into  the  republic,  she  would 
enjoy,  as  fully  as  do  the  other  states,  the  benefits  of 
home  rule  in  all  questions  that  concern  local  inter- 
ests and  social  life,  and  perhaps  more  fully  than, 


180 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


in  her  present  stage  of  political  education,  she  could 
profit  by  in  the  highest  degree.  At  the  same 
time  she  would  participate  in  all  the  advantages 
arising  from  a  strong  national  organization,  with- 
out either  the  cost  or  the  difficulty  of  establishing 
and  maintaining  them  by  herself.  It  is  like  the 
opportunity  offered  to  a  young  advocate  of  admis- 
sion to  an  old,  strong,  and  successful  firm.  Her 
share  in  the  support  of  an  army  and  navy,  in  the 
conduct  of  foreign  affairs,  the  collection  of  revenue, 
the  maintenance  of  a  postal  service,  etc.,  would  be 
far  less  in  amount  and  far  greater  in  returns  if  she 
were  e  pluribus  unum  than  if  she  were  doing  all 
these  things  for  herself,  by  herself. 

Since  the  close  of  hostilities,  time  has  not  sufficed 
for  a  readjustment  of  affairs  in  accordance  with 
changed  conditions,  but  some  financial  reliefs  have 
already  made  themselves  felt  The  most  important 
of  these  is  the  removal  of  excessive  Spanish  exac- 
tions. The  assessments  of  the  Spanish  govern- 
ment upon  Cuba  in  the  fiscal  year  1895-96  were 
$24,756,760,  increased  by  the  peculations  of  public 
officials,  estimated  at  ten  millions  more,  making 
a  grand  total  of  about  $35,000,000.  Of  this 
sum,  $17,996,842  was  applied  to  purposes  deter- 
mined by  dependency  upon  Spain,  as  the  army, 
navy,  military  and  civil  pensions,  and  especially  ten 
and  one-half  millions  of  interest  upon  the  Spanish 
debt.  Of  the  thirty-five  millions  exacted  under 
Spanish  misrule,  only  about  seven  millions,  or  twenty 
per  cent,  will  survive  liberation  from  Spanish  sov- 
ereignty. The  sums  formerly  expended  for  local 
government,  for  public  improvement,  for  education, 
may  be  largely  increased,  as  doubtless  they  ought 
to  be,  and  still  the  exactions  by  government  be  only 
a  small  fraction  of  their  former  extravagance.  This 
result  would  be  certain  to  follow  under  the  methods 
of  United  States  rule. 

Moreover,  the  United  States  has  been  and  is  the 
Cuban's  best  customer.  In  1890,  Cuba's  exports  to 
the  United  States  amounted  roundly  to  $58,500,- 
000,  or  88  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  year.  Spain 
was  the  next  best  customer,  taking  II.1,  per  cent. 
In  the  five  years  ending  June  30, 1895,  Cuba's  ex- 
ports to  the  United  States  amounted  to  nearly 
$347,000,000.  These  aggregates  will  surely  be 
subject  to  large  expansion  whenever  the  barriers 
are  removed  which  separate  the  two  countries  as 
foreign  nations.  The  devices  adopted  by  the  Span- 
ish government  to  repress  production,  and  by  so 
doing  to  increase  importations,  and  therefore  rev- 
enue, strike  an  American  singularly.  In  Cuba,  cul- 
tivators of  cocoa  have  paid  on  their  product  a 
revenue  tax  of  5.7  cents  per  pound ;  of  coffee,  5.4 
cents  per  pound.  In  Porto  Rico,  such  agricultural 
products  as  maize  and  potatoes  paid  an  internal 
revenue  tax.  Importation,  which  added  to  customs 
dues,  was  preferred  to  cultivation. 

The  pledge  of  our  nation  will  forbid  annexation 
on  any  terms  that  do  not  command  the  sentiment 
and  the  suffrages  of  the  Cubans  themselves.  Will 


they  discern  the  facts  and  the  trend  of  their  true 
interests  ? 

Should  any  doubt  arise  as  to  the  desirability  of 
the  annexation  of  Cuba  to  the  United  States,  it 
should  be  found  among  the  citizens  of  the  Union 
rather  than  from  Cubans.  The  American  is  very 
likely  to  be  incredulous  as  to  the  capacity  of  the 
Cuban  for  self-government.  The  examples  shown 
by  other  nations  of  the  same  stock  are  hardly  en- 
couraging. For  four  hundred  years  the  islander 
has  vegetated  under  the  enervating  rigiine  of  a 
colonial  despotism.  He  has  suffered  under  constant 
disabilities  and  ruinous  exactions.  What  immuni- 
ties he  has  enjoyed  he  has  bought  secretly  on  terms 
as  injurious  to  his  own  fine  fibre  as  to  that  of  him 
whom  he  bribed.  It  takes  a  long  and  patient 
schooling  to  educate  national  character,  and,  un- 
fortunately, the  only  school  is  that  of  experience, 
which  allows  nothing  for  novices.  Such  education 
the  English  colonist  received  during  a  century  and 
a  half  before  he  took  up  the  burden  of  a  separate 
national  existence.  The  experience  was  severe,  but 
it  stiffened  his  muscular  fibre  and  developed  his 
backbone ;  and  such  an  experience  the  Spaniard  has 
not  received.  The  English  and  the  Spanish  races 
were  not  cast  in  the  same  moulds,  and  are  not  likely 
to  run  smoothly  in  the  same  grooves. 

Americans  err  who  imagine  that  there  is  terri- 
tory in  Cuba  in  a  condition  similar  to  that  of  the 
once  wild  country  of  the  great  American  plains,  or 
that  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Uncultivated  lands  are 
plenty,  but,  technically  considered,  no  lands  are  un- 
occupied. There  are  no  land  titles  to  be  vacated, 
no  lands  to  be  surveyed  and  brought  into  market, 
to  be  sold  by  government  agents  to  any  purchasers 
who  may  lay  down  a  price  fixed  by  law.  Lands 
may  be  bought  and  sold,  but  only  as  in  Connecticut 
or  Virginia,  at  the  option  of  a  present  owner. 

The  Cuban  will  be  glad  to  deal  with  the  Amer- 
ican, if  he  will  stay  on  his  own  side  of  the  water. 
He  will  be  most  happy  to  use  American  capital,  if 
the  American  will  not  insist  on  sitting  down  beside 
him  and  sharing  the  management.  The  cry  of 
••  Cuba  for  Cubans  "  has  already  arisen,  and  it  will 
become  more  intense  should  large  inroads  be  made 
by  Americans  upon  Cuban  territory.  The  carpet- 
bag will  be  quite  as  serious  an  offense  in  Cuba  as 
it  ever  was  in  our  own  South. 

The  development  of  Cuba  is  likely  to  benefit  the 
colored  race.  The  repulsion  which  exists  between 
the  races  in  the  States  shows  itself  in  no  compar- 
able degree  in  the  island.  The  twilight  zone  of 
mixed  blood  is  wide  in  Cuba,  and  the  gradations 
are  not  clearly  marked,  while  the  lines  in  the  South 
are  becoming  more  sharply  defined.  In  1887  the 
population  of  Cuba  was  1,631,677,  of  whom  485,- 
187  were  of  African  dtwent.  The  present  popu- 
lation is  supposed  to  be  about  1,300,000,  of  whom 
300,000  are  of  African  blood.  The  differences 
indicate  in  a  degree  the  loss  of  life  produced  by  the 
system  called  ••  reconcentration,"  which  was  most 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


131 


severely  felt  by  the  laboring  classes.  These  losses 
point  to  a  loss  in  the  supply  of  labor,  and  to  a  future 
demand  that  may  draw  labor  from  the  Southern 
States. 

The  commercial  interests  of  both  Cuba  and  the 
United  States  will  be  favored  by  the  admission  of 
Cuba  into  the  Union  ;  and  such  interests  are  likely 
to  prevail.  The  sentiment  of  the  Cuban  may  pre- 
fer independence.  The  sentiment  of  a  considerable 
body  of  the  people  of  the  States  doubts  the  wisdom 
of  bringing  into  the  American  system  any  country 
not  educated  in  American  political  and  social  econ- 
omy, and  dreads  to  have  such  an  element  as  one  of 
Spanish  descent  domiciled  in  the  American  Senate. 
Under  the  pledges  solemnly  given  by  our  govern- 
ment to  Cuba,  to  Spain,  and  to  the  world,  the  United 
States  may  not  lay  upon  Cuba  the  mailed  hand  of 
the  conqueror.  She  must  be  joined  to  the  United 
States,  if  at  all,  as  the  result  of  her  own  choice, 

freely  made. 

J  SELIM  H.  PEABODT. 


BRIEFS  ox  NEW  BOOKS.  . 

Literary  relation,     M'    Joseph    Texte's    « Jean-Jacques 

between  France  Rousseau  and  the  Cosmopolitan 
and  England.  gpirit  in  Literature"  (Macmillan) 
is  a  study  of  the  literary  relations  between  France 
and  England  during  the  eighteenth  century.  M. 
Texte  has  produced  a  decidedly  acute  and  valuable 
essay  in  this  rich  yet  comparatively  unworked  field 
of  critical  research,  and  in  Mr.  J.  W.  Matthews  he 
has  found  a  competent  translator.  Mme.  De 
StaeTs  observation  that  "  There  exist  two  entirely 
distinct  literatures,  that  which  springs  from  the 
South  and  that  which  springs  from  the  North," 
would  not  to-day  meet  with  that  unqualified  assent 
with  which  Frenchmen,  especially,  used  to  hail  it. 
The  central  idea  of  Mme.  De  StaeTs  theory,  the 
habit  of  contrasting  Latin  with  non-Latin  tradition, 
Southern  literature  with  Northern  "  humanism," 
remains ;  but  it  is  recognized  that  while  Mme.  De 
StaeTs  distinction  still  holds  good  in  substance, 
the  sway  of  the  old  "  classical "  spirit  is  no  longer 
supreme  and  undisputed  in  French  literature,  and 
it  is  now  a  question  whether  or  no  France  will  in 
the  future  preserve  that  veneration  for  antiquity  to 
which  the  national  intellect  adhered  for  three  or 
four  centuries.  She  has  for  a  hundred  years  past 
drifted  in  a  measure  from  her  ancient  moorings 
into  the  current  followed  by  the  younger  and  more 
self-sufficing  literatures.  Will  she  return  to  Greece, 
to  Rome,  to  the  French  classics  ?  Or  will  she  turn 
to  England,  to  Germany,  to  Russia, —  in  fine,  to  the 
North  ?  The  origin  of  the  influence  of  the  classical 
spirit  upon  the  French  genius  has  been  fully  dis- 
cussed ;  that  of  the  rival  cosmopolitan  spirit  has 
been  infrequently,  and,  M.  Texte  thinks,  very 
inaccurately,  dealt  with.  In  the  present  work  he 
endeavors  to  supply  this  want  of  a  thorough 


and  impartial  inquest  into  the  origin  and  bearings 
of  cosmopolitanism,  going  back  not  merely,  as  is 
usually  done,  to  the  romantic  school,  but  to  the 
eighteenth  century  and  to  Rousseau  —  for  it  was  he 
who,  "  on  behalf  of  the  Germanic  races  of  Europe, 
struck  a  blow  at  the  time-honored  supremacy  of  the 
Latin  races."  M.  Texte's  central  aim  is  to  exhibit 
Rousseau  as  the  great  creator  of  a  taste  and  need 
in  France  for  the  literatures  of  the  North.  "  The 
cosmopolitan  spirit  was  born,  during  the  eighteenth 
century,  of  the  fruitful  union  between  the  English 
genius  and  that  of  Jean-Jacques."  Such  is  the 
thesis  of  M.  Texte's  book.  It  is  quite  true,  as  the 
author  concedes,  that  English  influence  was  potent 
in  France  before  Rousseau  had  begun  to  write.  The 
revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  founded  in  England 
a  colony  of  French  propagandists  in  their  fatherland, 
of  English  ideas,  not  alone  nor  most  momentously  in 
the  field  of  literature.  Conceive  for  an  instant  the 
normal  and  inevitable  effect  of  the  doctrines  of 
Locke  upon  a  keenly  intelligent,  profoundly  discon- 
tented, and  barbarously  misgoverned  nation,  like 
the  French  of  the  eighteenth  century.  When  the 
Grand  Monarch  drove  that  band  of  active-minded, 
observant  Protestant  subjects  of  his  to  speculative, 
freedom-loving  England  it  was  as  if  he  had  in  effect 
bade  them :  "  Go  among  these  rebellious,  free- 
thinking  islanders,  study  their  ways,  taste  their 
liberty,  imbibe  their  ideas,  and  send  the  results  of 
your  observations  and  comparisons  back  to  France 
that  she,  too,  may  understand  the  rationale  and 
learn  the  lessons  of  the  movements  of  1649  and 
1688."  M.  Texte's  appreciations  of  Sterne  and 
Richardson  are  most  interesting.  On  the  whole, 
the  book  is  one  of  the  freshest  and  most  stimulating 
critical  studies  that  it  has  been  our  good  fortune 
to  meet  with  of  late,  and  it  is  decidedly  readable,  as 
well  as  instructive. 

Theiooked-for  Lord  Charles  Beresford's  "The 
"Break-up"  Break-Up  of  China"  (Harper)  is 
of  China.  substantially  a  printed  report  of  the 

author's  recent  tour  of  investigation  in  China  at  the 
instance  of  the  Associated  Chambers  of  Commerce 
of  Great  Britain.  It  is  a  volume  of  statistics  rather 
than  a  travel-book  proper,  written  without  literary 
pretension,  and  with  little  or  no  view  to  the  mere 
entertainment  of  the  reader.  While  the  report  deals 
chiefly  with  purely  commercial  questions,  the  author 
has  not  denied  himself  an  occasional  flight  into  the 
region  of  "  high  politics  ";  and  his  familiar,  and  we 
think  substantially  sound,  views  as  to  the  expedi- 
ency and  propriety  of  upholding  the  political  and 
geographical  integrity  of  the  Chinese  Empire  and 
the  securing  therein  a  fair,  free,  and  well  safe- 
guarded field  for  trade,  in  the  interest  of  all,  China 
not  excepted,  are  restated  and  reinforced.  Lord 
Beresf ord  takes  a  too  sanguine  view,  apparently,  of 
the  not  remote  future  possibilities  of  the  present, 
we  fear,  rather  ephemeral  and  sentimental  Anglo- 
American  entente  cordiale.  Does  not  Anglo-Sax- 
onism  mean,  after  all,  to  the  British  mind  something 


132 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


very  like  anti-Russianism  ?  Is  there  not  at  the  root 
of  this  new  idea,  as  it  floats  in  the  mind  of  the  av- 
erage Briton,  more  of  apprehension  than  of  broth- 
erly love?  Then  there  is  our  "foreign  vote,"  so 
largely  and  bitterly  an  anti-English  vote,  and  a 
most  formidable  bar  in  the  way  of  our  government's 
accomplishing  or  even  proposing  anything  however 
useful  or  broadly  philanthropic  in  the  way  of  a  for- 
mal understanding  with  England.  A  Dreibund, 
uniting  for  certain  specific  commercial  purposes 
America,  England,  and  Germany,  might  be  feasible 
—  certainly  more  feasible  than  anything  in  the 
nature  of  an  Anglo-American  alliance,  against 
which  our  imperfectly  Americanized  fellow-citizens 
would  at  once  join  forces,  and  for  whose  support 
one  or  other  of  our  leading  political  parties  would 
infallibly  bid.  To  an  American  these  considera- 
tions may  be  obvious  and  elementary  enough ;  but 
our  English  friends  seem  to  overlook  them.  Lord 
Beresford  noted,  manifestly  to  his  disappointment, 
that  the  pretty  general  acquiescence  in  this  country 
in  the  "  Open  Door  "  principle  had  not  got  beyond 
the  stage  of  mere  sentiment.  People  here  applauded 
his  remarks  on  the  subject,  and  were  very  friendly 
and  cordial ;  but  they  were  evidently  not  inclined 
to  view  the  question  of  devising  a  definite  policy 
looking  to  the  furtherance  and  safe-guarding  of 
American  trade  in  China  as  yet  within  the  range 
of  practical  politics.  In  Japan,  on  the  contrary, 
there  was  "  every  indication  of  a  desire  to  act  in 
some  practical  manner  in  order  to  secure  the  "  Open 
Door."  Lord  Beresford's  book  is  a  useful  and 
thorough  presentation  of  current  trade  conditions 
in  the  Chinese  Empire,  and  it  conveys  a  fair  idea 
of  what  may  be  done  and  must  be  done  if  the  pres- 
ent political  status  quo  is  to  be  usefully  maintained 
as  against  the  alternative  of  dismemberment  and 
division  into  tariff-walled  dependencies.  The  vol- 
ume is  well  equipped  with  maps  and  statistical 
tables,  and  there  is  a  capital  portrait  of  the  author, 
showing  a  sturdy,  sailor-like  figure  standing  with 
legs  well  apart  as  if  braced  against  any  sudden 
twist  or  capriole  in  the  roll  of  the  ship. 

Mr.  Leo  Wiener's  book  on  "  Yiddish 
Literature  in  the  Nineteenth  Cen- 
tury "  (Scribner)  deserves  a  welcome 
from  a  varied  audience.  Of  the  import  of  the  book 
to  those  who  themselves  read  or  speak  Yiddish,  it 
is  hardly  necessary  for  us  to  say  anything  at  all  : 
they  will  perhaps  appreciate  its  value  rather  more 
accurately  than  we.  For  we  must  confess  ourselves 
ignorant  of  Yiddish,  as  are  doubtless  most  of  our 
readers.  The  name,  of  course,  is  not  unfamiliar : 
further,  the  knowledge  that  the  language  is  com- 
monly spoken  in  the  Jewish  colonies  in  our  great 
cities,  as  well  as  abroad,  may  be  fairly  general. 
But  any  real  appreciation  of  Yiddish  literature,  or 
even  acquaintance  with  k,  is  rare  among  general 
readers.  Yet  it  appears  from  Mr.  Wiener's  his- 
torical sketch,  and  from  the  extracts  which  make 
up  a  good  part  of  his  book,  that  there  is  much  that 


Themyiifry 
that  it  called 


is  worth  knowing  about  Those  who  have  been 
interested  in  social  problems  have  long  been  in  the 
habit  of  considering  the  Jewish  element  among  us  : 
they  will  find  in  the  account  of  this  literature  much 
that  should  make  this  curious  social  fraction  better 
understood.  There  are  also  those  for  whom  the 
Jewish  strain  in  literature  and  art  has  a  special 
charm  —  the  strain  of  Spinoza,  Heine,  Disraeli,  to 
speak  of  literature  only ;  and  these  will  be  glad  to 
see  what  is  the  work  in  letters  of  the  Jews  who 
remain  Jews,  how  far  it  has  the  quality  and  the 
spirit  of  those  great  men  who  seem  to  have  out- 
stepped the  boundaries  of  the  chosen  people.  But 
further,  and  more  particularly,  there  are  many  now 
who  are  eagerly  on  the  lookout  for  a  new  literature. 
Think  how  many  exotic  sensations  we  have  had  in 
the  last  decade —  Bulgarian,  Persian,  Polish,  "Afro- 
American,"  Scandinavian,  Russian,  not  to  speak  of 
the  four  more  common  polite  languages.  These 
tastes  of  the  literature  of  peoples  very  different 
from  ourselves  have  a  peculiar  quality.  This  Yid- 
dish has  a  pathetic  charm,  a  quaint  delicacy  which 
is  very  rare,  although  it  may  not  perhaps  precisely 
belong  to  it  The  very  strangeness,  the  half -mystery, 
stimulates  the  imagination  and  gives  a  peculiar 
beauty  which  may  vanish  as  one  learns  the  language 
better,  leaving  in  its  place  a  sounder  appreciation. 
Mr.  Wiener  gives  a  sketch  of  the  history  of  the 
literature  in  the  present  century,  sometimes  rather 
dry  on  account  of  having  to  deal  with  commonplace 
material,  sometimes  most  attractive  and  really  crit- 
ical, as  especially  in  his  handling  of  Perez  and 
Abramowitsch.  From  the  examples  of  Yiddish  with 
English  translations  it  appears  that  the  language  is 
( naturally )  not  very  difficult  to  the  reader  of  Ger- 
man, though  it  cannot  be  very  easy  to  learn  well 
without  more  help.  Mr.  Wiener  says  that  if  the 
present  work  arouses  interest  he  will  undertake  a 
more  complete  Chrestomathy  :  we  think  many  be- 
sides ourselves  would  welcome  such  a  book.  —  We 
may  add,  for  the  benefit  of  those  whose  interest  in 
Jewish  literature  is  aroused  by  Mr.  Wiener's  book, 
that  a  short  history  is  just  published  in  "  Chapters 
on  Jewish  Literature  "  by  Israel  Abrahams  (Jewish 
Publication  Society).  In  short  compass  and  in  a 
popular  way  the  author  considers  the  literature  of 
the  Jewish  people  from  the  fall  of  Jerusalem  till 
the  time  of  Moses  Mendelssohn,  about  the  period 
at  which  Mr.  Wiener's  book  begins. 

It  is  now  some  years  since  accounts 
appeared  in  the  papers  of  the  remark- 
able case  concerning  Mr.  Whistler's 
"  Brown  and  Gold  :  Portrait  of  Lady  E.,"  and  we 
have  now  Mr.  Whistler's  presentation  of  the  mat- 
ter. "  The  Baronet  and  the  Butterfly :  A  Valen- 
tine with  a  Verdict"  (Russell)  is  a  very  curious 
work,  not  so  clever  as  "  The  Gentle  Art  of  Making 
Enemies  "  (for  there  is  not  so  much  really  by  Mr. 
Whistler  himself)  but  still  very  suggestive.  It  is 
not  worth  while  to  recall  to  mind  the  facts  in  the 
case :  Sir  William  Eden  wanted  damages  and  got 


iff.  WMttltr't 
incongntiHet. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


133 


them,  while  Mr.  Whistler  wished  "  to  expose  pub- 
licly the  ungrateful  trickster,"  and  did  so.  Nor  do 
we  attach  very  great  importance  to  the  alleged  es- 
tablishment of  certain  advances  in  the  sacred  cause 
of  Art  against  the  Philistines.  Our  interest  in  the 
book  comes  largely  from  the  light,  or  rather  dark- 
ness, that  it  throws  on  the  character  of  Mr.  Whistler. 
Whether  Sir  William  Eden  deserves  all  the  names 
he  is  here  called,  is  not  a  matter  to  disturb  us,  and 
the  sacred  cause  of  Art  does  not  seem  to  call  for 
special  championship  at  this  moment ;  but  the  genius 
of  Mr.  Whistler  is  something  worth  knowing  as 
thoroughly  as  we  can.  So  far  as  his  power  as  a 
painter  is  concerned,  it  is  now  by  very  many  greatly 
appreciated.  But  here  comes  the  curious  question  : 
How  can  a  man  whose  mood  as  a  painter  has  so 
much  of  exquisiteness,  of  reserve,  of  dignity,  of 
power  (not  to  mention  peculiarly  artistic  qualities), 
how  can  such  a  man  conceive  the  nervously  clever 
quips  and  the  labored  pettinesses  that  we  see  in  Mr. 
Whistler's  letters  and  comments?  This  has  always 
appeared  very  strange  to  us.  We  have  often  found 
it  hard  to  sympathize  with  Mr.  Whistler  in  the 
fundamental  right  of  his  position,  because  of  the 
eccentric  temper  in  which  he  maintains  it.  We  do 
not  want  to  hold  a  ridiculous  and  conventional 
opinion  of  what  the  character  of  an  artist  should 
be,  but  we  are  jarred  by  such  incongruity  of  ex- 
pression in  a  man  whose  work  has  such  a  claim 
upon  one  as  Mr.  Whistler's  has.  Is  it  only  through 
the  chance  of  time  that  we  do  not  have  evidence  of 
the  same  thing  in  his  friend  Velasquez?  Or  is  it 
that  our  time  has  really  developed  genius  to  "  a 
disease  of  the  nerves  "  ?  Perhaps  rather  the  last. 
Somebody,  we  believe,  suggests  that  Mr.  Whistler 
the  artist  can  only  exist  by  virtue  of  the  purging 
ebullitions  of  Mr.  Whistler  the  humorist.  It  may 
be  so.  We  have  nothing  better  to  suggest :  we  can 
merely  look  forward  with  interest  to  a  sympathetic 
life  of  Mr.  Whistler  by  somebody  else. 

Miss  Rose  G.  Kingsley's  "  A  History 
of  French  Art :  1100-1899  "  (Long- 
^^  mans)    is    a   concise,    authoritative 

manual  prepared  for  the  use  of  those  in  quest  of 
solid  information,  and  therefore  issued  without  the 
popular  bait  of  pictorial  allurements.  The  sober 
and  solid  make-up  of  this  handsomely  printed  vol- 
ume does  not  belie  its  content.  The  author  is 
officier  de  ^instruction  publique,  and  the  work  was 
prepared  at  the  instance  and  with  the  assistance  of 
M.  Antonin  Barthele'my.  Other  well  known  French 
authorities  have  also  aided  in  its  preparation,  and 
we  have  as  a  result  a  really  sound  and  trustworthy 
account  of  the  growth  of  French  architecture,  sculp- 
ture, and  painting  from  the  12th  century  to  the 
present  day.  The  author  has  been  somewhat  chary, 
judiciously  so  perhaps,  in  the  matter  of  obtruding 
her  own  views  and  personality,  though  the  element 
of  general  criticism  or  disquisition  is  not  altogether 
lacking.  Actual  information  and  impartial  charac- 
terization has  been  the  ideal  of  attainment ;  and  the 


A  concise 
manual  of 
French  Art. 


result  is  a  guide  to  the  history,  development,  and 
manifestations  of  French  art  during  the  extended 
period  treated,  which  we  cordially  recommend  to 
serious  inquirers.  A  useful  modicum  of  biographical 
and  personal  matter  forms  an  agreeable  leaven,  and 
characteristic  masterpieces  are  soberly  and  discrim- 
inatingly described.  The  work,  despite  its  wide 
chronological  range,  is  far  from  being  a  mere  cata- 
logue raisonnS.  The  author  gives  a  very  good  ac- 
count of  ''Impressionism,"  which  movement,  she 
takes  occasion  to  say,  "  has  too  often  signified  the 
daubings  of  some  young  person  ignorant  of  the  very 
first  principles  of  drawing  or  painting,  who  dares  to 
call  himself  an  '  Impressionist '  because  he  is  too 
lazy  or  impatient  to  submit  to  the  ceaseless  training 
and  study  that  are  necessary  to  the  artist ;  too  igno- 
rant to  use  his  brush  or  his  pencil,  and  takes  to  a 
palette-knife  instead.  It  is  such  as  these  who  bring 
discredit  on  the  really  fine  artists  whom  they  pre- 
tend to  admire."  These  are  just  words,  if  severe 
ones ;  and  it  is  really  a  pity  that  the  affectations 
and  absurdities  of  these  young  daubers  who  cloak 
their  incapacity  and  their  ignorance  of  the  rudiments 
of  technique  under  the  pretense  of  "Impressionism," 
should  have  brought  a  certain  stigma  upon  the  term 
that  is  used  to  define  the  methods  of  masters  like 
Monet,  Besnard,  Manet,  or  Renoir. 

"Lady  Louisa  Stuart:  Selections 
Some *pngMiy  from  hep  Manuscripts"  (Harper)  is 

old-lime  gossip.  .11          i  r    tt    •  . 

a  sprightly  volume  of  old-time  gossip, 
edited  by  the  Hon.  James  Home.  Lady  Stuart  was 
a  daughter  of  John,  third  Earl  of  Bute,  one  of 
George  Third's  Prime  Ministers ;  and  the  picture 
she  paints  of  some  of  the  personages  prominent  at 
the  court  of  that  monarch  are  racy,  amusing,  and 
at  times  slightly  malicious  —  especially  where  the 
sitter  chances  to  be  of  the  writer's  own  pex.  Lady 
Stuart  was  born  in  1757,  and  died  in  1851.  Her 
tastes  were  literary,  and  she  had  the  knack  of  ex- 
pression ;  but  she  was  deterred  from  publishing  by 
the  fact  that  it  was  then  thought  beneath  the  dig- 
nity of  people  "  of  quality  "  to  appear  in  print,  like 
common  Grub  Street  bodies.  Tempora  moresque 
mutantur.  Nowadays  "  the  quality  "  not  only  writes 
for  print,  but  eke  publishes ;  and  had  Lady  Stuart 
lived  to-day  she  might,  without  forfeiture  of  caste, 
have  joined  the  craft  of  Johnson  to  that  of  Cave. 
The  story  of  the  descensus  of  the  British  Aristocracy 
from  the  pinnacle  of  patronship  to  the  depths  of 
authorship  might  be  worth  writing.  One  regrets 
that  Lady  Stuart  could  not  have  foreseen  the  day 
(now  with  us)  when  a  great  lady  could,  with  the 
applause  of  her  order,  issue  a  magazine,  and  angle, 
through  the  advertiser's  arts,  for  the  shillings  of  the 
public  in  support  of  her  venture.  Once,  indeed, 
Lady  Stuart  did  appear  formally  in  print,  over  her 
own  patrician  signature  —  to  wit,  in  an  Introduction 
to  a  life  of  her  grandmother,  Lady  Mary  Wortley 
Montagu,  some  share  of  whose  ability  she  seems  to 
us  to  have  inherited.  In  fine,  Lady  Stuart's  me- 
moir is  crisp  and  entertaining,  and  not  without  value 


134 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


in  the  way  of  portraiture.  An  element  of  interest 
is  the  author's  correspondence  with  Sir  Walter 
Scott,  Lady  Montagu,  and  Lady  Lockhart.  There 
is  a  portrait  of  Lady  Stuart  at  ninety-four,  after  an 
oil  sketch  by  Hayter. 


neat  little  volume  forming  the 
Second  Series  of  Mr.  Francis  Watt's 


Lane)  differs  from  its  predecessor  in  that  its  con- 
tents are  of  more  general  interest,  and  are  treated 
with  greater  fulness  of  detail  and  in  a  style  more 
suited  to  the  entertainment  of  the  lay  reader.  The 
contents  comprise  seven  brief  papers  which  serve  to 
illustrate  the  old  English  law  and  its  ways,  and 
incidentally  to  make  the  reader  feel  how  much  bet- 
ter these  matters  are  ordered  nowadays  —  how  much 
more  rationally,  humanely,  and  scientifically.  Gro- 
tesqueness  and  barbarity,  the  principle  of  the  ven- 
geance of  society  on  the  criminal  (rather  than  the 
preventive  theory),  so  amply  and  shockingly  in- 
stanced in  Mr.  New's  pages,  have  pretty  thoroughly 
departed  from  English  law.  Gone  are  the  days 
when  executions  were  public  (and  terribly  fre- 
quent) spectacles  to  which  people  flocked  as  to  the 
Lord  Mayor's  Show,  and  which  bred  "  amateurs  of 
executions,"  connoisseurs  who  never  missed  a  hang- 
ing and  who  paid  well  for  a  choice  window  or  bal- 
cony fronting  Tyburn  Tree,  like  Boswell  and  George 
Selwyn  —  the  latter  of  whom,  when  he  had  a  tooth 
drawn,  used  affectedly  "  to  let  fall  his  handkerchief 
<i  la  Tyburn,  as  a  signal  for  the  operation."  Mr. 
Watt's  present  titles  are :  Tyburn  Tree ;  Pillory  and 
Cart's  Tail ;  State  Trials  for  Witchcraft ;  A  Pair 
of  Parricides ;  Some  Disused  Roads  to  Matrimony ; 
The  Border  Law  ;  The  Sergeant-at-Law.  Mr.  Watt 
has  evidently  delved  deep  in  the  mine  of  obsolete 
law  and  by-gone  legal  procedure  and  execution,  and 
he.  has  produced  a  book  which  lawyers  may  read 
with  profit,  and  laymen  with  interest. 


Memoir*  of 

•  i  toUlifr 


The  special  value  of  the  "  Memoirs  of 
Sergeant  Bourgogne:  1812-1813" 
«**«•  Napoiton.  (Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.)  lies  in 
the  fact  that  they  tell  the  story  of  Napoleon's  Rus- 
sian campaign  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  com- 
mon soldier.  M.  de  Se*gur  has  given  us  the  narrative 
of  the  staff  officer ;  in  Bourgogne's  pages  we  read 
the  coarser  and  more  harrowing  side  of  the  story. 
Seldom  have  the  horrors  of  war  been  depicted  by  a 
more  literal  and  unaffected  pen.  In  no  previous 
record,  we  think,  of  this  mad  enterprise  has  the 
utter  demoralization  of  the  invading  army,  its  grad- 
ual dissolution  into  a  broken  and  fleeing  horde  of 
disorganized  stragglers,  been  so  impressively  real- 
ized. Bourgogne's  personal  adventures,  while 
plainly  and  artlessly  told,  were  most  dramatic.  The 
editor,  M.  Paul  Cottin,  provides  an  interesting 
sketch  of  the  author,  and  there  are  a  number  of 
illustrations  after  drawings  made  by  an  officer  dur- 
ing the  retreat.  The  memoir  forms  a  historical 
document  of  no  slight  value. 


8*m*  Count*  Anything  that  will  serve  to  awaken 
m.int«»,t  <md  in  the  existing  generation  of  Amer- 
icans a  recognition  of  national  tradi- 
tions and  manners  is  to  be  welcomed  at  a  time  when 
we  bid  fair  to  throw  our  most  highly  cherished 
ideals  to  the  fates.  Quite  apart  from  this,  such  an 
undertaking  as  is  launched  in  the  first  volume  of 
••  Some  Colonial  Mansions  and  Those  Who  Lived 
in  Them  "  (Henry  T.  Coates  &  Co.),  edited  by  Mr. 
Thomas  Glenn  Allen,  deserves  high  praise.  A  large 
octavo,  well  bound,  carefully  printed  and  admirably 
illustrated,  it  keeps  alive  the  memory  of  some  of 
the  families  of  the  early  day  whose  members  exerted 
no  small  influence  on  all  subsequent  American  life. 
Such  names  as  Harrison,  Stockton,  Van  Rensselaer, 
Carter,  Randolph,  Livingston,  and  Carroll,  among 
others  not  now  so  well  known,  bring  to  mind  the 
diverse  elements  which  were  fused  together  to  make 
up  the  idea  of  America,  and  cannot  fail  of  a  useful 
purpose.  Nearly  all  of  the  colonies  outside  of  New 
England  have  been  drawn  upon,  and  the  book 
abounds  in  pictures  of  houses  and  their  interiors,  of 
family  portraits,  and  of  many  other  things  which 
recall  a  living  past. 


BRIEFER  MENTION. 


An  English  translation  of  Maupassant's  "  Boule  de 
Sui f,"  the  work  of  Mr.  Arthur  Symons,  is  published  by 
Mr.  William  Heinemann  of  London  in  a  beautiful  vol- 
ume, printed  upon  Japanese  vellum,  and  illustrated  with 
more  than  fifty  wood-engravings  from  drawings  by 
M.  F.  The*venot.  Mr.  Symons  also  writes  a  few  intro- 
ductory pages.  "Boule  de  Suifisone  of  the  most 
artistic  short  stories  ever  written,  and  suffers  at  the 
hands  of  the  translator  no  more  than  is  absolutely  un- 
avoidable. It  is  not  exactly  a  story  for  the  young  per- 
son, but  this  warning  need  hardly  be  sounded  for  those 
who  are  likely  to  be  attracted  by  the  present  notice. 

The  versatile  Mr.  Grant  Allen  has  been  recently  en- 
gaged, among  other  occupations,  in  the  preparation 
of  a  series  of  historical  guides  to  the  chief  European 
cities  and  countries.  As  a  sort  of  complement  to  these 
manuals  he  has  also  prepared  an  outline  volume  entitled 
"The  European  Tour"  (Dodd),  which  we  heartily  rec- 
ommend to  travellers  (whether  for  a  year  or  a  month) 
because  it  provides  them  with  a  rational  plan  of  seeing 
Europe,  and  gaining  the  right  sort  of  culture  from  their 
wanderings.  Mr.  Allen  is  so  breezy  a  writer  that  his 
companionship  upon  such  a  trip  is  of  the  pleasantest 
sort,  and  bis  advice  (although  touched  by  a  da«h  of 
Philistinism)  is  generally  judicious  and  worth  taking. 

Messrs.  Harper  &  Brothers  have  collected  into  a 
single  handsome  volume  the  poems  of  Mr.  William  Allen 
Butler,  who  is  best  known  as  the  author  of  "  Nothing 
to  Wear."  This  poem  was  published  without  a  signa- 
ture in  one  of  the  early  numbers  of  "  Harper's  Weekly," 
in  1857,  and  speedily  became  popular.  Mr.  Butler's 
verses,  to  which  this  authorized  final  form  has  just  been 
given,  include  "  Oberannnergau  "  and  other  travel 
pieces,  some  poems  for  children,  and  a  number  of  trans- 
lations from  Uhlaud.  The  volume  is  dedicated  to  the 
writer's  wife,  "  in  the  fiftieth  year  of  our  wedded  life." 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


135 


LiITERARY    NOTES. 


An  "  Introduction  to  Rhetoric,"  by  Dr.  William  B. 
Cairns,  is  one  of  Messrs.  Ginn  &  Co.'s  latest  publications. 

Mr.  Swinburne  is  about  to  break  a  long  silence  with 
the  publication  of  a  new  drama,  entitled  "Rosamund," 
which  is  promised  for  the  early  autumn. 

"  The  Princess  "  of  Tennyson,  edited  by  Mr.  Lewis 
Worthington  Smith,  is  an  English  text  for  school  use 
just  published  by  Messrs.  B.  H.  Sanborn  &  Co. 

The  American  Book  Co.  issue  a  volume  of  selections 
from  the  Brothers  Goncourt,  edited  by  Dr.  Arnold 
Guyot  Cameron,  and  authorized  by  the  literary  executor 
of  the  writers  concerned. 

"  Saints  in  Art "  (Page),  by  Mrs.  Clara  Erskine 
Clement,  is  a  readable  book  of  the  popular  sort,  sup- 
plied with  many  illustrations,  and  making  no  historical 
or  critical  pretensions  of  a  serious  nature. 

The  latest  of  Sir  Edwin  Arnold's  exercises  in  trans- 
lation from  the  classics  of  the  East  is  the  "  Gulistan  " 
of  Sadi.  The  first  four  "  Babs  "  or  "  Gateways  "  of  this 
famous  work  have  just  been  published  for  the  transla- 
tor by  Messrs.  Harper  &  Brothers. 

The  "Cuore"  of  Signor  de  Amicis,  called  "The 
Heart  of  a  Boy,"  in  Mr.  G.  Mantellini's  translation,  has 
been  reissued  by  Messrs.  Laird  and  Lee  in  an  attractive 
illustrated  edition,  designed  for  use  as  a  holiday  gift  or 
a  school  prize.  It  is  a  book  to  be  warmly  commended 
to  young  people,  who  can  hardly  fail  to  be  the  better 
for  having  read  it. 

Rembrandt  is  the  subject  of  the  latest  volume  in  the 
series  of  "  Monographs  on  Artists,"  written  by  Professor 
H.  Knackfuss  and  published  by  Messrs.  Lemcke  & 
Buechner.  The  translation,  as  in  the  two  previous  vol- 
umes of  the  series,  is  by  Mr.  Campbell  Dodgson  of  the 
British  Museum.  The  illustrations  are  profuse  and 
carefully  executed. 

The  most  interesting  publication  yet  put  forth  by  the 
"  Brothers  of  the  Book"  (Gouverneur,  N.  Y.)  is  a  re- 
print of  Robert  Louis  Stevenson's  essay  on  "  The  Mor- 
ality of  the  Profession  of  Letters,"  first  published  in 
the  "  Fortnightly  Review  "  for  April,  1881.  The  present 
reprint  is  issued  in  a  limited  edition  on  handmade  paper, 
carefully  printed,  and  neatly  bound  in  buckram. 

Mr.  Augustus  Thomas's  new  American  play,  "Ari- 
zona," now  being  presented  in  Chicago  at  the  Grand 
Opera  House,  is  in  the  hands  of  the  printer,  and  will 
soon  be  issued  by  Mr.  R.  H.  Russell  in  book  form,  illus- 
trated by  twelve  pictures  from  the  play,  and  with  a 
striking  cover  design  by  Mr.  Frederic  Remington.  The 
same  publisher  announces  the  "  Maude  Adams  Edition," 
of  "  Romeo  and  Juliet."  The  book  will  be  illustrated 
and  attractively  bound. 

The  second  year's  work  of  the  University  of  Chicago 
College  for  Teachers,  and  also  that  of  the  Class  Study 
Department  of  the  University  Extension  Division,  will 
open  at  the  College  for  Teachers,  the  office  of  which  is 
in  room  410  Fine  Arts  Building,  203-207  Michigan 
boulevard,  on  Saturday,  September  30.  Classes  will 
meet  also  in  Cobb  Hall  at  the  University,  and  at  the 
Newberry  Library.  The  opening  exercises  of  the  College 
for  Teachers  and  the  Class  Study  Department  will  be 
held  in  connection  with  the  Autumn  Convocation  of  the 
University  at  Central  Music  Hall,  on  Monday  evening, 
October  2.  Bishop  J.  L.  Spalding,  of  Peoria,  will  de- 
liver the  address,  his  subject  being  •«  The  University  and 
the  Teacher." 


TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS. 

September,  1899. 

Agninaldo's  Capital.    J.  D.  Miley.     Scribner. 
Alnwick  Castle.    A.  H.  Malan.    Pall  Mall. 
America  To-day.     William  Archer.     Pall  Malt. 
Antilles,  Anecdotes  from  the.   J.  S.  Durham.    Lippincott. 
Atlantic  Speedway,  The.     H.  Phelps  Whitmarsh.     Century. 
Book  Review,  The.    J.  S.  Tnnison.    Atlantic. 
Butler,  George,  Painting  of.     W.  C.  Brownell.     Scribner. 
Criticism  and  the  Man.     John  Burroughs.    Atlantic. 
Dreyfus,  American  Forerunner  of.     J.  M.  Morgan.    Century. 
Eastern  Seas,  Scourge  of  the.    J.  S.  Sewall.     Century. 
English  Royalty,  Entertainment  of.     Lippincott. 
Equal  Suffrage  in  Colorado,  Effects  of.     Lippincott. 
Farming,  Does  It  Pay  ?     L.  H.  Bailey.    Review  of  Reviews. 
Forbes.  John  Murray.    E.  W.  Emerson.    Atlantic. 
Franklin  the  Scientist.    P.  L.  Ford.     Century. 
Gang,  Genesis  of  the.    J.  A.  Riis.    Atlantic. 
G.  A.  R.,  A  Study  of  the.    George  Morgan.    Lippincott. 
Germans  and  Americans.    Hugo  Miinsterberg.    Atlantic. 
Grand  Duke  George  of  Russia,  The  Late.     Rev.  of  Reviews. 
Hague  Conference  in  its  Outcome.  W.  T.  Stead.  Rev. of  Revs. 
Hogarth,  Suppressed  Plates  of.    G.  S.  Layard.    Pall  Mail. 
Homer,  Winslow,  Painting  of.    W.  A.  Coffin.     Century. 
Humor,  The  Mission  of.    S.  M.  Crothers.     Atlantic. 
Ingersoll,  Colonel.     W.  H.  Ward.    Review  of  Reviews. 
Jones,  Paul,  and  Capture  of  Whitehaven.    Lippincott. 
Le  Pny,  Cathedral  of.    Mrs.  S.  Van  Rensselaer.    Century. 
National  Export  Exposition,  The.   W.P.Wilson.   Lippincott, 
Philately,  Pictorial.    E.  C.  Fincham.    Pall  Mall. 
Philippine  War,  Half  Year  of.  John  Barrett.  Rev.  of  Reviews. 
"  Quero,"  Cruise  of  the.    R.  S.  Rantoul.     Century. 
Root,  Elihn.     Henry  Macfarland.    Review  of  Reviews. 
Russia  after  Completion  of  Siberian  Railway.    Pall  Mall. 
Sailing  Alone  Round  the  World.    Joshua  Slocum.    Century. 
Scot  of  Fiction,  The.    Jane  H.  Findlater.     Atlantic. 
Ship,  The  Way  of  a.     F.  T.  Bullen.     Century. 
Tendencies,  Irresistible.    C.  K.  Adams.     Atlantic. 
Trusts,  Control  of  Prices  by.    G.  E.  Roberts.    Rev.  of  Revs. 
Trusts,Elimination  of  from  Presidential  Campaign.  Rev.ofRev. 
Yachts,  Question  of.     C.  L.  Norton.     Lippincott. 
Yangtsze,  Cruising  up  the.    Eliza  R.  Scidmore.     Century. 


OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

[The  following  list,  containing  4.2  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

Appreciations  and  Addresses.  Delivered  by  Lord  Rose- 
bery  ;  edited  by  Charles  Geake.  With  portrait,  12mo, 
uncut,  pp.  243.  John  Lane.  $1.50. 

HISTORY. 
The  War  with  Spain.     By  Henry  Cabot  Lodge.     Illns., 

8vo,  pp.  276.    Harper  &  Brothers.    $2.50. 
Slavery  in  the  State  of  North  Carolina.  By  John  Spencer 

Bassett.  Ph.D.    8vo,  uncut,  pp.  111.    Baltimore:  Johns 

Hopkins  Press.    Paper,  75  cts. 

BIOGRAPHY. 

Life  of  the  Seventh  Earl  of  Shaftesbury,  K.G.  By 
Jennie  M.  Bingham.  12mo,  pp.  289.  Curts  &  Jennings. 
90  cts. 

NEW  EDITIONS  OF  STANDARD  LITERATURE. 
The  Gulistan  of  Sadi:  Being  the  Rose- Garden  of  Shaikh 

S*'di.     Trans,  in  prose  and  verse,  from  the  Persian,  by 

Sir  Edwin   Arnold.     Illus  ,  16mo,  pp.  221.     Harper  & 

Brothers.    $1. 
Nothing  to  Wear,  and  Other  Poems.     By  William  Allen 

Butler.     Authorized  edition  ;  with  photogravure  portrait, 

8vo,  pp.  241.     Harper  &  Brothers.     $1.75. 
Prue  and  I.     By  George  William  Curtis.    Cheaper  edition ; 

ill  us.,  12rao,  pp.  223.     Harper  &  Brothers.    50  cts. 


136 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  1, 


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Caatle  Czvargae:  A  Romance.    Hv  Archibald  Birt.    12mo, 

pp.  298.     Longmans.  Green.  A  Co.     $1.25. 
Black  Rock :  A  Tale  of  the  Selkirk*.  By  Ralph  Connor ;  with 

Introduction  by  Prof.   Gt-orge  Adam  Smith,  LL.D.   I'Jmo, 

pp.  327.    F.  H.  Revell  Co.    $1.25. 
The  Knlffbt  of  Kind's  Guard.    By  Ewan  Martin.    Illus., 

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A  Prince  of  Georgia,  and  Other  Tales.    By  Julian  Ralph. 

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The  Bohemians  of  the  Latin  Quarter.   By  Henri  Mnrger. 

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The    Archbishop's    Unguarded    Moment,    and    Other 

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NKW  VOLUMES  IX  THK  PAPKB  LIHKAKIKrt. 

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1899.]  THE     DIAL  149 

Mark  Twain's  Best  Works 

New  Library  Edition  from  New  Plates.     Illustrated. 

THE  ADVENTURES  OF  HUCKLEBERRY  FINN.  With  Photogra- 
vure Portrait  of  the  Author. 

THE   AMERICAN   CLAIMANT,  and  Other  Stories  and  Sketches. 

Contents :  —  The  American  Claimant;  Merry  Tales;  The  £1,000,000 
Bank-note,  and  other  stories. 

THE  PRINCE  AND  THE   PAUPER. 

"  One  of  the  most  delightful  books  for  boys  which  our  generation  has 
produced." — Literary  World. 

TOM  SAWYER  ABROAD :  Tom  Sawyer,  Detective,  and  Other  Stories,  etc. 

LIFE  ON  THE  MISSISSIPPI. 

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of  American  life,  both  entertaining  and  valuable." — Nation  (New  York). 

A  CONNECTICUT  YANKEE  IN  KING  ARTHUR'S  COURT. 

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PERSONAL  RECOLLECTIONS  OF  JOAN  OF  ARC,  by  Sieur  Louis 
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NEW   YORK   AND    LONDON 


160 


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LOVELINESS :  A  Story. 

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the  dog,  his  many  virtues,  the  stealing,  the  search,  the 
rescue  —  are  all  depicted  in  Mrs.  Ward's  most  graphic 
style. 


SQUARE  PEGS. 

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suggr-U-il  tin-  title  to  Mrs.  Wliitm-y'.s  n.-w  story.  Tliis 
is  told  in  Mrs.  Whitney's  well-known  style,  and  abounds 
in  those  wide-reaching  suggestions,  humorous  touches, 
and  flashes  of  inspiration  which  make  her  stories  so 
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THE  DUTCH  AND  QUAKER  COLONIES   IN  AMERICA. 

By  JOHN  FISKB.    With  8  Maps.    Two  vols.    Crown  8vo,  gilt  top,  S4.00. 

This  is  a  work  of  first-rate  importance,  probably  the  most  distinctive  contribution  of  this  year  to  American 
historical  literature.  It  comes  next  in  order  to  Mr.  Fiske's  "  Beginnings  of  New  England."  It  traces  the  causes 
which  led  to  the  colonizing  of  New  York  by  the  Dutch,  and  Pennsylvania  by  the  Quakers;  it  describes  the  small 
beginnings,  the  formidable  obstacles,  the  tenacious  purpose,  and  the  gradual  growth  of  these  colonies  to  great 
power.  The  very  interesting  story  is  told  with  the  remarkable  clearness  and  charm  which  make  Mr.  Fiske's 
volumes  of  American  history  as  delightful  as  they  are  important. 


HORACE   BUSHNELL. 

By  THEODORE  T.  MUNQER,  D.D.,  author  of  "  On  the 

Threshold,"  "  The  Freedom  of  Faith,"  etc.     With 

two  portraits.     12mo,  82.00. 

Both  the  writer  and  the  subject  of  this  book  strongly  commend  it 
to  public  attention.  Dr.  Bushnell  was  for  years  one  of  the  brightest 
and  clearest  lights  of  the  American  pulpit,  illustrious  for  strength  of 
mind,  beauty  of  character,  and  intrepid  devotion  to  Truth. 

Dr.  Hunger  is  peculiarly  fitted  to  interpret  him  to  this  generation 
and  to  erect  MI  enduring  memorial  to  him. 

LETTERS   AND    RECOLLECTIONS   OF 
JOHN  MURRAY  FORBES. 

Edited  by  his  daughter,  SARAH  F.  HUGHES.     With 

portraits.     2  vols.     8vo,  gilt  top. 

This  work  is  one  of  the  most  notable  which  the  year  will  bring  in 
the  Department  of  biography.  Mr.  Forbes  was  a  man  of  remarkable 
force  and  quality  of  character,  a  sagacious  leader  among  business  men, 
of  an  ideal  public  spirit,  and  a  prince  among  philanthropists.  Mr. 
Emerson,  who  knew  him  Intimately,  held  Mr.  Forbes  to  be  an  Ameri- 
can of  the  noblest  type.  The  work  comprises  letters  to  and  by  Mr. 
Forbes,  and  autobiographic  chapters  highly  interesting  for  their  views 
of  public  men  and  events,  and  for  their  comments  on  the  questions  of 
most  importance  in  bis  time.  His  acquaintance  with  leading  Americans 
was  very  extensive,  and  his  personal  allusions  are  of  remarkable  interest. 

LETTERS   AND    PASSAGES    FROM    LET- 
TERS OF  RALPH  WALDO  EMERSON 

To  A  FRIEND,  1835-1853.   Edited  by  CHARLES  ELIOT 
NORTON.    16mo,  81.00. 

A  snail  book,  but  of  great  value  for  the  high  charm  of  Emerson's 
letters  to  a  friend  not  known  to  us.  The  elevated  tone  of  thought,  the 
kindliness  of  judgment,  and  the  felicitous  form  of  expression,  give  to 
i  an  uncommon  attraction. 


GOD'S    EDUCATION   OF   MAN. 
By  Wic.  1  >i  \\  i  M  HYDE,  D.D.,  President  of  Bowdoin 
College.     16mo,  81.25. 

Dr.  Hyde,  with  the  true  modern  spirit,  here  seeks  to  state  the  com- 
maadiac  doctrine*  of  religions  life  and  thought  in  forms  that  appeal  to 
th*  experience  of  men  to-day.  Ood  is  our  teacher,  and  all  men  belong  to 
the  Divine  School  and  are  in  process  of  education.  The  spirit  of  this  edu- 
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are  treated  with  much  acuteness  of  thought  and  in  a  vigorous  style. 


PLANTATION    PAGEANTS. 

By  JOEL  CHANDLER  HARRIS,  author  of  the  Uncle 
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the  Goobers;  describes  the  strange  wagoner  and  his  passenger,  little 
Billy  Biscuit;  Mr.  Bobs  blows  up  a  big  bubble,  and  the  children  go  into 
it  and  meet  dream  fairies;  Aaron  takes  them  to  see  an  old  fox,  Scar- 
Face  ;  Cawky,  the  crow,  Mr.  Coon,  and  Flit,  the  flying  squirrel,  relate 
their  biographies,—  and  the  book  tells  a  great  deal  more,  just  as  inter- 
esting  as  Mr.  Harris's  stories  always  are.  It  is  bountifully  illustrated. 

THE    HELPERS. 

By  FRANCIS  LTNDE,  author  of  "A  Romance  in  Tran- 
sit." 12mo,  81  50. 

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tions are  peculiarly  good ;  and,  in  short,  it  Is  a  very  enjoyable  tale, 
effectively  told. 

THE    BOYS   OF   SCROOBY. 

By  RUTH  HALL,  author  of  "  In  the  Brave  Days  of  Old." 

With  a  frontispiece  illustration.     12mo,  81  50. 

In  the  early  years  of  the  seventeenth  century  three  boys  of  Scroo- 

by  —  Hugh,  Jack,  and  Stephen  —  become  separated  and  take  part  in 

notable  events.     Hugh  is  kidnapped  and  assists  in  a  shipwreck  ;  Jack 

is  an  attendant  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  later  comes  to  Fort  Orange, 

where  Albany  now  is ;  and  Stephen  is  one  of  the  pilgrims.    Here  are 

variety  and  incident  in  abundance  —  and  Miss  Hall  tells  a  capital  story. 

NANNIE'S    HAPPY   CHILDHOOD. 
By  CAROLINE  LESLIE  FIELD,  author  of  M  High-Lights  " 
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1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


151 


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THE   HOUSE  OF  THE  SORCERER. 

A  Novel.     By  HALDANE  McFALL.     With  frontispiece.     12mo,  $1.25. 

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negro  life  ever  written,  and  must  certainly  become  one  of  the  most  widely  discussed  volumes  of  the  year. 


A  BEAUTIFUL  ALIEN. 

A  Novel.    By  JULIA  MAORUDKB.    With  frontispiece.    12mo,  $1.25. 
As  pretty  a  story  as  this  popular  author  has  yet  written. 

OLD  MADAME,  and  Other  Tragedies. 

By  HARRIETT  PBESCOTT  SPOFFORD.    12mo,  $1.25. 

This  volume  contains  five  novelettes,  and  the  publishers  believe 
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VASSAR  STORIES. 

By  GRACE  M  ABO  ABET  GALLAHEB.    Illustrated.    12mo,  $1.25. 

Miss  Gallaher  will  be  remembered  as  the  winner  of  the  prizes  for 
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present  volume  she  has  been  equally  happy  in  her  selections  of  sub- 
jects and  in  her  treatment  of  them. 

CAMP  ARCADY. 

The  story  of  four  girls  who  "kept  house  "  in  a  New  York  "flat." 
By  FLOY  CAMPBELL.    Illustrated.    IGmo,  75  cents. 
A  decidedly  picturesque  and  readable  story  of  art  life. 


CAPE  OF  STORMS. 

A  Novel.    By  PERCIVAL  POLLARD.    Illustrated.    12mo,  $1.26. 

A  thoroughly  good  piece  of  work  giving .  an  entirely  new  presen- 
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of  tike  art  cf  any  pnintrr  hat  ever  been  produced  on  the  tarn*  tcnle. 
The  owner*  «f  Sir  John  Mttlait'  mnttfamau*  picture^  have  generuutly 
given  their  content  to  their  reproduction  in  hit  biography,  and  over 
two  hundred  picture*  and  tkelrhe*  which  have  never  been  reproduced 
be/ore,  and  which  in  all  probability  will  never  be  teen  again  by  the 
ftnewtl  public,  tcill  appear  in  thfte  page*.  Seven  of  Millait'  Jlneet 
picture*  are  reproduced  in  photogravure. 

The  early  chapters  contain  sketches  made  by  MilUia  at  the  age  of 
aeven.  There  follow  aome  exquisite  drawing*  made  by  him  during  hia 
Pre-Raphaelite  period,  a  large  number  of  atudie*  made  for  hi*  great 
pictures,  water  color  and  pen-and-ink  sketches,  and  drawing*  humorou* 
and  Mrioua.  There  are  ten  portrait*  of  Millais  himself,  including  one 
by  Mr.  Watt*.  There  is  a  portrait  of  Dickens,  taken  after  death,  and 
a  sketch  of  D.  O.  Rosaetti.  The  book  will  be  the  moat  important  con- 
tribution to  the  hiitory  of  English  art  published  in  year*. 

2  vola.,  royal  8vo,  300  illustration*,  cloth,  gilt  top $10.00 

One  of  the  mott  beaut(ful  gift-book*  ever  publithed. 

OUT-DOOR  PICTURES. 

By  THURB  DE  THULSTRUF. 

Containing  24  exquisite  pictures  of  out-door  life.  Twelve  of  these 
are  facsimile*  of  water-color*,  and  their  variety  i*  shown  by  their 
title*,  which  are  a*  follows:  "  At  the  Races,"  "  Following  the  Hounds," 
"Coaching  Parade,"  "Polo  at  Newport,"  "Reception  Day  on  the 
'  Brooklyn,'  "  "Skating  at  Van  Cortlandt  Park,"  "  Bathing  at  Narra- 
gansett  Pier,"  "  A  Day  on  a  Steam  Yacht,"  "  Sleighing  in  Central 
Park,"  "Weat  Point,1'  "Tale-Princeton  Football  Game,"  and  "On 
the  Link*." 

Thrie  factimile*  are  produced  by  a  new  color  procett,  which  pre- 
tervet  abtolutely  the  artitC*  drawing.  In  additi'm  to  the  factimile* 
are  12  half-tone  enfrravingt,  after  detignt  in  b'ack  and  white  by  Mr. 
de  Thulttrup,  alto  depicting  toenet  of  out-door  life  and  tporl*. 

Slaw,  11  Hxl4  inches,  cloth 16.00 

A  valuable  work  of  travel. 

SIBERIA  AND   CENTRAL  ASIA. 

By  JOHM   W.    BOOKWALTEB. 

Mr.  Bookwalter  took  a  trip  through  Siberia  and  Central  Asia  last 
year,  and  this  book  is  the  result  of  his  journey.  Owing  to  the  excep- 
tional advantages  offered  him  for  studying  the  inhabitants  and  condi- 
tion* of  these  countries,  hi*  work  i*  a  valuable  contribution  to  the 
literature  on  the  Eastern  question. 
Sise,  6  <<x9  finches,  64a  pages $4.00 

The  mott  beautiful  handiwork  of  man. 

THE  SHIP,  HER  STORY. 

By  W.  CLARK  RUSSELL. 

The  story  of  the  birth  of  the  ship,  her  launch,  her  growth  from  the 
"  dugout "  to  a  great  ocean  steamer  or  an  armor-clad  ship  of  war,  is 
described  in  this  work. 

With  GO  illustrations  by  H.  C.  Stepping*  Wright,  which  Mr.  Russell 
pronounces  beautiful  and  in  many  respects  faultless. 

SiM,  754x10  inches,  cloth $2.00 

A  play  by  the  freatett  of  French  dramatittt. 

LA   PRINCESSE  LOINTAINE. 

By  EDMOXD  ROSTAHD,  author  of  "  Cyrano  de  Bergerac,"  etc. 
Tranalated  by  Charles  Renauld.    The  first  publication  in  English. 
A  play  of  rare  poetical  beauty  and  of  as  great  literary  merit  as  Cyrano. 
With  a  portrait  of  the  author  as  frontispiece;. 


81s*.  4^x7 H  inches,  cloth,  with  a  decorative  cover  by  F. 

Berkeley  Smith 60  eta 


FICTION. 

The  workt  that  are  publithed  by  th*  Frederick  A.  Stoke*  Company 
have  all  been  teleoted  with  the  grtatett  omre  and  are  all  copyrighted. 

They  are  manufactured  in  the  moat  perfect 
well  printed  and  bound,  and  in  most  instances  have  i 
designed  by  well-known  artist*. 

Among  the  novels  to  be  published  this  fall  are  : 

JENNIE  BAXTER,  JOURNALIST. 

By  ROBERT  BARE. 

Jennie  Baxter  was  a  young  American  woman,  a  journalist  of  the 
modern  school,  pretty,  bright,  and  audacious.  Visiting  London,  she 
began  to  introduce  her  American  method*  into  the  English  and  Conti- 
nental newspapers. 

Mr.  Barr,  a*  a  veteran  newtpaper  man,  tellt  the  itory  of  her  adven- 
lurr*  in  hit  tpiriled  and  humorou*  ttyle.    Jennie  Baxter  it  a  unique 
character  in  the  world  of  fiction,  and  a  moil  interetting  one. 
I'.'ino,  cloth       $1.26 

THE  CROWN  OF  LIFE. 

By  QBOBOB  G  nance. 

A  strong  novel  by  the  author  of  "In  the  Tear  of  the  Jubilee," 
"  Eve'*  Ransome,"  etc. 

Mr.  Gissing's  latest  work.    In  this,  as  in  "  The  Town  Traveller,"  he 
shows  little  of  the  cynicism  that  marked  his  early  books.    The  work, 
a*  might  be  expected,  is  a  social  study,  but  of  the  better  class  of  Kn- 
gli*h  society. 
Site,  43-4x7^  inches,  cloth       $1.26 

THE   MARKET-PLACE. 

By  HAROLD  FREDERIC. 

The  last  work  of  the  greatest  American  author  of  this  decade,  and 
the  author  of  "  The  Damnation  of  Theron  Ware,"  "  March  Hare*,"  etc. 

It  hat  only  been  out  three  month*  and  it  already  in  it*  23d  thoutand. 

With  excellent  illustration*  by  Harrison  Fisher. 

"  It  is  hard  to  refuse  to  Harold  Frederic  a'  claim  to  genius."— fin  - 
cinnati  Commercial  Tribune. 
Bixe,  4  3-4x7' ,  inches,  cloth $1.50 

ACTIVE  SERVICE. 

By  STEPRBH  CRANK. 

A  new  novel  by  Mr.  Crane,  the  first  important  one  he  has  written 
since  "The  Red  Badge  of  Courage."  Mr.  Crane  was  in  the  Gneco- 
Turkish  war  as  a  correspondent,  and  be  has  laid  the  scenes  of  his  story 
in  the  region  where  this  occurred.  Both  the  hero  and  the  heroine 
meet  with  many  exciting  adventures,  and  the  interest  in  the  story  i* 
never  allowed  to  flag.  The  general  nature  of  the  work  it  the  tame,  a* 
that  of  the  aulhor't  mo*t  luccetiful  book,  "  The  Red  Badge  of  Courage." 
8ixe,  4  3-4x7  H  Inches,  cloth $1.26 

THE  WATCHERS. 

By  A.  E.  W.  MASON,  Author  of  "  The  Courtship  of  Morrice  Buckler." 
The  scene  Is  laid  in  the  Scilly  Islands.     It  is  a  story  of  adventure, 
and  is  as  interesting  and  exciting  as  the  author's  first  success. 
Sice,  4  34x7  1-2  inches $1.25 

FOR  THE  SAKE  OF  THE  DUCHESS. 

By  8.  WALEET. 

A  story  of  adventure,  being  a  page  from  the  life  of  Vlcomte  de  Cham- 
pronet.  The  scene  is  laid  in  the  early  days  of  the  last  French  empire. 
Sise,  4  3-4x7  1-2  inches,  boards 50  eta 

AN   ECLIPSE  OF  MEMORY. 

By  Dr.  MOBTOX  GBJITKBLL. 

The  characters  are  all  Americans,  but  the  scene  of  the  story  is  laid 
in  New  Tork,  the  West  Indies,  and  Egypt,  including  a  trip  up  the  Nile 
under  most  romantic  circumstance*. 
Sise,  5x7  1-2  Inches,  boards 50  eta 

CUPID  AND  THE  FOOTLIGHTS. 

By  JAMB*  L.  FORD. 

Author  of  "  Dolly  Dillenbeck,"  "The  Literary  Shop,"  etc. 
A  very  interesting  and  unique  little  love  story.  Told  entirely  by  the 
documents  In  the  case.  It  give*  some  episodes  from  the  lives  of  an 
actress  and  a  newspaper  man,  and  is  marked  by  Mr.  Ford's  delightful 
humor.  Archie  Gunn  has  Illustrated  this  profusely  with  some  most 
striking  picture*. 

Especially  suitable  for  a  ChrUtma*  present. 
Bi*e,  9x12  inches,  with  an  ornamental  OOVSJT $1.50 


For  full  particular*  regarding  beautiful  edition*  of  Standard  Work*,  please  send  for  catalogue  or  call. 

FREDERICK  A.  STOKES  COMPANY,  5  &  7  E.  16th  St.,  New  York. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL, 


157 


Some  of  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Company's  Forthcoming  Books. 


Sidelights  on  the  Santiago  campaign. 

THE  FUN  AND  FIGHTING  OF  THE 
ROUGH   RIDERS. 

By  TOM  HALL. 
Author  of  "  When  Hearts  are  Trumps,"  "  When  Love  is  Lord,"  etc. 

Mr.  Hall  was  adjutant  of  the  Rough  Riders,  and  went  through  all 
the  Santiago  campaign.     In  this  book  Mr.  Hall  has  brought  out  all  the 
picturesque  features  of  Col.  Roosevelt's  troopers,  and  has  omitted  the 
dry  details  and  facts  that  have  been  told  in  other  works. 
Size,  4  3-4x7  1-2  inches,  boards 50  cts. 

Artittic  pictures  for  young  and  old. 
MAUD  HUMPHREY'S  NEW  BOOKS. 

Collectionn  of  facsimiles  of  water-  c.olor  sketches  by  this  famous  artist, 
which  have  never  been  equalled  in  the  beauty  of  the  designs  or  the  ex- 
cellence of  the  reproductions.  As  a  pointer  of  children  Miss  Hum- 
phrey is  admitted  to  be  the  most  successful  in  the  world. 

GALLANT  LITTLE  PATRIOTS. 

With  twelve  facsimiles  of  designs  of  little  boys  and  girls,  in  scenes 
and  costumes  suggestive  of  the  late  war.  One,  entitled  "  The  Return- 
ing Hero,"  represents  a  little  boy,  in  a  United  States  uniform,  leaning 
on  a  crutch,  and  there  is  a  bandage  around  his  head.  On  either  side  is 
a  pretty  little  girl,  one  holding  his  toy  sword,  while  the  other  is  offer- 
ing him  a  bouquet  of  roses.  Other  pictures  are :  "  Naval  Reserve 
Girl,"  "The  Military  Band,"  "Roosevelt's  Rough  Riders,"  "  Hobson 
and  the  '  Merrimac,'  "  "  A  Red  Cross  Nurse,"  etc. 

These  pictures  represent  the  children  acting  out  these  scenes  just  as 
they  would  imagine  them,  and  the  effects  produced  are  very  dainty  and 
fascinating. 

With  appropriate  text  for  each  picture  by  Miss  Mabel  Humphrey, 
printed  in  inks  of  different  colors;  and  with  numerous  designs  in  black 
and  white  by  her. 
Size,  9x11  inches,  boards,  with  covers  in  colors $2.00 

LITTLE  HEROES  AND  HEROINES. 
LITTLE  SOLDIERS  AND  SAILORS. 

These  books  are  made  up  of    selections    from   "Gallant   Little 
Patriots,"  each  containing  just  half  the  illustrations  and  text  in  the 
larger  volume,  and  bound  in  exactly  the  same  manner. 
Size,  9x11  inches,  boards $1.25 

THE  GOLF   GIRL. 

Four  attractive  facsimiles  of  water-colors,  by  Miss  Humphrey,  of 
girls  playing  golf,  each  picture  representing  a  different  season  of  the 
year.  The  costumes  are  bright  and  attractive,  and  the  pictures  are 
full  of  life. 

Each  picture  is  accompanied  by  verses  by  Dr.  Samuel  Minium 
Peck,  the  papular  Southern  poet. 
Size,  9x11  inches,  heavy  boards $1.00 

A  book  of  adventure  for  boys. 

JACK,  THE  YOUNG   RANCHMAN. 

Oa  A  BOY'S  ADVENTURES  IN  THE  ROCKIES. 
By  GEORQE  BIRD  GRIN-NELL. 

Jack  Danvers  was  a  young  New  York  boy  whose  health  was  not 
good,  and  who  was  sent  in  consequence  by  his  family  to  spend  some 
months  on  a  Western  ranch.  This  was  before  the  extermination  of 
the  buffalo  and  the  wild  Indian,  and  when  the  cattle  business  was  at 
its  best. 

With  numerous  beautiful  illustrations  by  E.  W.  Deming,  the  great 
delineator  of  Western  life. 
Size  4  3-4x7  1-2  inches,  cloth $1.50 


Works  for  old  and  young  by  a  delightful  and  original  humorist  and 
artist. 

BOOKS  BY  GELETT  BURGESS. 
THE  LIVELY  CITY  O'  LIGG. 

A  cycle  of  modern  fairy  tales  for  city  children  by  Gelett  Burgess, 
formerly  editor  of  The  Lark,  author  of  "  Vivette,"  etc. 

Illustrated  with  3  full-page  color  plates,  and  45  black  and  white 
drawings. 
4to,  full  cloth $1.50 

NONSENSE  ALMANAC. 

An  almanac  and  calendar  combined  for  the  year  1900.  Contains  14 
humorous  drawings  in  black  and  white,  with  nonsense  quatrains,  dis- 
torted proverbs,  etc.  A  most  original  and  striking  nnvelty.  Cover 
design  by  Mr.  Burgess,  printed  in  two  colors  on  dark-brown  antique 
English  paper. 
Size,  7x10  inches,  32  pages 50  cts. 


Some  wonderful  pictures  of  the  red  man. 

WESTERN  LIFE  AS  SEEN  BY  E.  W.  DEMING. 
INDIAN  PICTURES. 

Mr.  Deming's  pictures  of  Indian  life  are  pronounced  both  by  art 
critics  and  Western  men  most  powerful  and  accurate.  There  is  no 
artist  of  the  present  time  who  understands  and  can  depict  Indian  life 
as  well  as  Mr.  Deming. 

Containing  six  facsimiles  of  water-colors  by  Mr.  Deming. 
Largo  folio,  12  1-2x17  1-2  inches,  with  cover  in  colors,  after  a  de- 
sign by  Mr.  Deming,  boxed $4.00 

Three  very  interesting  books  for  children  by  Mr.  Deming 
are  also  offered. 

INDIAN  CHILD    LIFE. 

This  consists  of  18  stories  about  Indian  children.  Each  one  tells 
some  anecdote,  illustrating  some  phase  of  their  life,  describing  their 
customs,  their  pets,  and  curious  and  interesting  facts  connected  with 
their  childhood. 

These  are  illustrated  by  18  facsimiles  of  voter-colors,  and  26  half- 
lone  engravings  after  designs  in  black  and  white  by  the  author,  done  in 
his  inimitable  style. 

Size,  81-2x11  inches,  boards,  with  cover  after  a  design  by  Mr. 
Deming $2.00 

LITTLE  RED   PEOPLE. 
LITTLE  INDIAN  FOLK. 

Each  of  these  books  contain  just  half  the  illustrations  and  text  in 
the  preceding  volume. 
Size,  8  1-2x11  inches,  boards,  with  cover  in  colors $1.25 

A  delightful  book  for  children. 

A  LITTLE  DAUGHTER  OF  THE 
REVOLUTION. 

By  Miss  A.  C.  SAGE. 

This  new  work  by  Miss  Sage  is  in  the  same  field  as  her  successful 
work,  "A  Little  Colonial  Dame."  It  is  a  story  of  child  life  during 
the  exciting  period  of  the  War  for  American  Independence,  and  the 
scenes  are  laid  in  Boston,  in  Philadelphia  and  in  New  York.  The  book 
is  one  that  possesses  as  much  interest  for  boys  as  for  girls. 
Size,  6  3-4x8  3-4  inches,  cloth,  illustrated $1.50 

LOYAL  HEARTS  AND  TRUE. 

By  RUTH  OGDKN. 

A  new  book  by  this  popular  author,  whose  work  has  so  endeared 
her  to  the  children.     This  story  concerns  the  adventures  of  a  group  of 
young  children  who  form  themselves  into  "  The  Dry  Dock  Club,"  and 
who  have  their  headquarters  near  the  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard.    The  war 
with  Spain  brings  out  their  patriotic  spirit,  which  they  show  in  many 
ways.    Profusely  illustrated  by  Harry  C.  Ogden. 
Size,  4  3-4x7  1-2  inches,  cloth,  with  a  cover  designed  by  F.  Berk- 
eley Smith    $1.50 

THE  TREASURE  SEEKERS. 

By  E.  NKSBTT. 

A  charming  book  for  children.    It  concerns  the  history  of  the  Barn- 
stable  children,  and  originally  appeared  in  the  Pall  Mall  Magazine, 
where  it  met  with  great  success.     With  numerous  illustrations  by 
Gordon  Browne. 
4to,  cloth $1.50 

POINT  LACE  AND  DIAMONDS. 

By  GEORGE  A.  BAKER. 

A  beautiful  presentation  edition  of  this  popular  collection  of 
"Vers  de  8ocie"teV' 

With  numerous   illustrations  by  Louise  E.  Huestis.      With  cover 
designed  by  Berkeley  Smith. 
12mo,  cloth,  stamped  in  gold  and  colored  inks $1.25 


CALENDARS. 

Over  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  varieties  to  choose  from. 

The  finest  line  ever  offered. 

Thure  de  Thulstrup,  Rufus  F.  Zogbaum,  Maud  Humphrey,  Paul 
de  Longpre,  Mabel  Humphrey,  and  Archie  Gunn  are  among  the  art- 
ists represented. 

The  lithographed  calendars  are  all  printed  in  thirteen  or  fourteen 
colors,  and  are  almost  perfect  reproductions  of  the  original  water- 
color  sketches,  so  excellent  in  fact  that  they  are  well  worth  framing. 

Features  of  the  line  are  many  half-tone  and  photogravure  calen- 
dars, with  a  most  varied  range  of  subjects.  Mabel  Humphrey  and 
Archie  Gunn  have  furnished  some  very  beautiful  examples  of  social 
life,  and  some  of  the  best  examples  of  modern  and  religious  art  have 
been  reproduced  from  Salon  pictures.  Also  a  large  line  of  imported 
calendars  of  all  kinds.  Send  for  catalogue. 


For  full  particulars  regarding  beautiful  editions  of  Standard  Works,  please  send  for  catalogue  or  call. 

FREDERICK  A.  STOKES  COMPANY,  5  &  7  E.  16th  St.,  New  York. 


158 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


D.  APPLETON  &  Co.'s  NEW  BOOKS 


Oom  Paul's  People. 

By  HOWARD  C.  HILLEOAS.  With  illustrations. 
12mo.  cloth,  81  50. 

"Oon  Paol'a  Poople"  U  the  title  of  an  exoMdingly  timely 
and  int«r*ating  book,  praaentlufi  clearly  for  UM  first  time  in  thia 
country  the  Boera'  aide  of  the  Tranavaal  Question.  The  author  is 
Howard  C.  Hillegu,  a  New  Tork  newspaper  man,  who  spent  nearly 
two  years  In  South  Africa,  enjoying  special  facill'iea  at  the  hands  of 
Preetdeat  Knifrer  and  other  Boer  officials,  as  well  aa  from  Sir  Alfred 
Milner  and  other  British  represenutlres  at  Cape  Colony.  The  book 
contains  an  important  interview  with  Oom  Paul,  and  a  special  study 
of  Cecil  Rhodes.  The  author  blames  stock  jobbers  and  politicians  for 
all  the  trouble  between  the  Boera  and  the  English,  and  believes  that 
war  U  the  probable  final  outcome  One  chapter  is  especially  devoted 
to  the  American  interests  in  South  Africa,  showing  that,  while 
British  capital  owns  the  vast  gold  mines,  American  brains  operate 
them.  The  book  la  eminently  readable  from  first  to  last. 

Averages. 

A  Novel.  By  ELEANOR  STUART,  author  of 
"  Stonppastures."  12mo,  cloth,  81.50. 
Novels  of  New  Tork  have  sometimes  failed  through  lack  of  knowl- 
edge of  the  theme,  but  the  brilliant  author  of  •' Averages"  and 
"  Btonepastures  "  baa  bad  every  opportunity  to  know  her  New  Tork 
well.  She  has  been  able,  therefore,  to  avoid  the  extremes  of  "  hUh 
life"  and  "low  life,"  which  have  seemed  to  many  to  constitute  the 
only  salient  phases  of  New  Tork,  and  she  paints  men  and  women  of 
every  day,  and  sketches  the  curious  interdependence  and  associa- 
tion or  impingement  of  differing  circles  In  New  Tork.  It  is  a  story 
of  social  life,  but  of  a  life  exhibiting  ambitions  and  efforts,  whether 
wisely  or  ill  directed,  which  are  quite  outside  of  purely  social  func- 
tions. There  is  a  suggestion  of  the  adventurer,  a  figure  not  unfamiliar 
to  New  Yorkers,  and  there  are  glimpees  of  professional  life  and 
the  existence  of  idlers.  "Averages"  1s  not  a  story  of  froth  or 
alums,  but  a  brilliant  study  of  actualities,  and  its  publication  will 
attract  increased  attention  to  the  rare  talent  of  the  author. 

The  Races  of  Europe. 

A  Sociological  Study.  By  WILLIAM  Z.  RIPLET, 
Ph.D.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Sociology,  Mass. 
Institute  Technology,  Lecturer  in  Anthropology 
at  Columbia  University.  Crown  8vo,  cloth,  650 
pages,  with  85  Maps  and  235  Portrait  Types.  With 
a  Supplementary  Bibliography  of  nearly  2000 
Titles,  separately  bound  in  cloth  (178  pages),  86. 

Uncle  Sam's  Soldiers. 

By  O.  P.  AUSTIN,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Statis- 
tics, Treasury  Department;  author  of  "Uncle 
Sam's  Secrets."  "  Appletons'  Home- Reading 
Books."  Illustrated.  12mo,  cloth,  75  cents  net. 

Idylls  of  the  Sea. 

By  FRANK  T.  BULLEN,  author  of «« The  Cruise  of 
the  Cachalot."  Uniform  ed'n.  12mo,  cloth,  81.25. 

A  Double  Thread. 

By  ELLEN  THORNETCROFT  FOWLER,  author  of 
"  Concerning  Isabel  Carnaby,"  etc.   12mo,  cloth, 
8150. 
The  Story  of  the  British  Race. 

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[Sept.  16, 


By 

WINSTON 
CHURCHILL 


Richard  Carvel 


110th  Thousand 
15th  Edition 
Cloth,  $1.50 


100,000   IN   LESS  THAN  THREE   MONTHS 


"RICHARD  CARVEL  — 
one  of  the  most  dtlightful  and 
fatcinating  studies  of  man- 
ners and  stories  of  adventure 
which  has  yet  appeared  in 
onr  literature."— HAMILTON 
W.  MABIB  in  The  Outlook. 


"  A  third  satisfaction  to  be  derived  from  a  reading  of  this 
book  lies  in  the  conviction  that  first  dawns  upon  the  reader's 
mind,  and  then  grows  in  force  and  positiveness  as  he  proceed* 
with  the  story,  that  we  have  in  this  new  writer  one  who  has 
studied  his  art  and,  to  an  extraordinary  degree,  mastered  it. 
.  .  .  Asawhole.it  is  a  production  of  which  not  only  the  author, 
but  his  countrymen,  have  every  reaion  to  be  proud. "—Literature. 


"RICHARD  CARVEL..  . 

is  in  every  way  strong,  orig- 
inal, and  delightful  .  .  .  en- 
titled to  high  place  on  the  list 
of  successful  novels.  ...  It 
is  a  charming  story." — Buf- 
falo Commercial. 


"  RICHARD  CARVEL  is  a  historical  romance  of  revolutionary  days,  with  the  scenes  laid  partly  in  Maryland  and  partly 
in  the  London  of  Qeorge  III.  In  breadth  of  canvas,  massing  of  dramatic  effect,  depth  of  feeling,  and  rare  wholesonieneaa  of 
spirit,  it  has  seldom  if  ever  been  surpassed  by  an  American  romance.  ...  It  is  one  of  the  novels  that  are  not  made  for 
a  day." — Chicago  Tribune. 


"  RICHARD  CARVEL  seems,  verily,  to  potieti  every  qual- 
ity that  goes  to  make  a  genuinely  great  work  of  fiction.  It  baa 
the  reassuring  solidity  and  the  charming  quaintness  of  '  Henry 
Esmond '  or  '  The  Virginians,'  with  an  additional  zest  that 
must  perforce  be  the  author's  own."  —  New  York  Home 
Journal. 


"  RICHARD  CARVEL  is  the  most  extensive  piece  of 
semi-historical  fiction  which  has  yet  come  from  an 
American  hand ;  it  is  on  a  larger  scale  than  any  of  iu  prede- 
cessors, and  the  skill  with  which  the  materials  have  been 
handled  justifies  the  largeness  of  the  plan."—  H.  W.  M.  in 
The  New  York  Time*. 


OTHER  NEW  NOVELS. 


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MIRANDA  OF  THE  BALCONY.  By 

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SHERWOOD. 

HENRY  WORTHINQTON,  IDEAL- 
IST. By  MABOARBT  SHERWOOD,  au- 
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"  A  Puritan  Bohemia,"  etc.    Cloth, 
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HEWLETT. 

LITTLE  NOVELS  OF  ITALY.    By 

MAURICE  HEWLETT,  author  of  "  The 
Forest  Lovers,"  "  Pan  and  the  Young 
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A  volume  of  short  "novels,"  in  the 
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MY  LADY  AND  ALLAN  DARKE. 

By  CHARLES  DONNEL  GIBSON.  Cloth, 
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GARLAND. 

MAIN  TRAVELLED  ROADS.      By 

II  AM  LIN  GARLAND,  author  of  "  Rose 
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Cloth,  12mo,  $1. 50.  Jutt  Ready. 

DIX. 

SOLDIER  RIQDALE.  How  UK 
SAILED  IN  THE  "  MAYFLOWER"  AND 
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By  BBULAH  MARIB  Diz,  author  of 
"  Hugh  Gwyeth,  a  Roundhead  Cava- 
lier." In  the  series  of  Storiet  from 
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Miss  Dix's  "Hugh  Gwyeth"  was,  it 
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It  is  illustrated  with  ten  full-page  half- 
tones from  drawings  by  Weuzell. 

CAN  A  VAN. 

BEN  COMEE.  A  TALE  OF  ROGERS' 
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BRUN. 

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Folk-lore  and  fairy  tales  beautifully 

illustrated  by  Ernest  C.  Peixotto. 


CRA  WFORD. 

VIA  CRUCIS: 

A  Romance  of  the  Second  Crusade. 

By  F.  MARION  CRAWFORD,  author  of  "  Saracinesca,"  "  Corleone,"  "  Ave  Roma  Immortalis,"  etc.     With  twelve 

full-page  illustrations  by  Louis  Loeb.     Buckram,  12mo.     Ready  in  October. 

A  story  evincing  thoroughly  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  customs,  manners,  and  events  of  the  period,  and 
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SEND  FOR  NEW  ANNOUNCEMENT  LIST  OF  BOOKS. 

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ANNOUNCEMENTS  OF  BOOKS  TO  BE   ISSUED  THIS    FALL   BY 

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ARCH/EOLOGY,  ARCHITECTURE,  ETC. 

BUTLER  —  Scotland's  Ruined  Abbeys.  By  HOWARD 
CROSBY  BUTLER.  Cloth,  8vo.  $3.50.  Ready  in  October. 

Illustrated  with  beautiful  pen-and-ink  drawings  and  plans. 

LANCIANI  —  The  Destruction  of  Rome.  By  Prof. 
RODOLFO  LANCIANI,  D.C.L.,  of  the  University  of  Rome,  author  of 
"Ancient  Rome  in  the  Light  of  Recent  Discoveries,"  etc. 

Cloth,  8vo.    Ready  in  October. 

MAU  —  Pompeii.    ITS  LIFE  AND  ART.    By  AUGUST  MAU. 
Translated  by  Prof.  FRANCIS  W.  KELSEY,  University  of  Michigan. 
Fully  illustrated.    Cloth,  8vo.    Ready  in  November. 
The  illustrations  are  carefully  selected  from  the  best  recent  pho- 
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MOORE  — The  Development  and  Character  of  Gothic 
Architecture.  By  CHARLES  HERBERT  MOORE,  Ph.D., 
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Cloth,  8vo.    $4.50  net.    Just  ready. 
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LITERATURE. 

CORSON  —  An  Introduction  to  the  Poetical  and  Prose 
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CROSS  —  The  Development  of  the  English  Novel.  By 
WILBUR  L.  CROSS,  Yale  University. 

Cloth,  12ino.    $1.50.    Ready  in  September. 

MARBLE  —  Nature  Pictures  by  American  Poets.  Ed- 
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Cloth,  crown  8vo.    Ready  in  October. 
A  book  which  is  intended  to  foster  a  closer  acquaintance  with  the 

best  American  poets  and  painters. 

SH  AKESPE  ARE  —  The  Temple  Shakespeare.  Library 
edition.  Edited  by  ISRAEL  GOLLANCZ.  In  larger  type,  with  illus- 
trations and  notes  added. 

Twelve  volumes,  cloth,  12mo.    Ready  in  September. 
The  success  of  "The  Temple  Shakespeare"  has  been  so  phenom- 
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repeated  requests,  arranged  to  issue  it  in  a  size  and  form  more  suit- 
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TENNYSON  — The  Life  and  Works  of  Alfred  Lord 
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to  10,000  copies,  to  be  sold  in  sets  only. 

Ten  volumes,  crown  8vo.    Ready  in  October. 

WINCHESTER  — Principles  of  Literary  Criticism.  By 
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Cloth,  12mo.     $1.50.    Ready  in  September. 

THEOLOGY  AND  THE  BIBLE. 

CHEYNE  and  BLACK  —  Encyclopedia  Biblica.  A  DIC- 
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and  J.  SUTHERLAND  BLACK. 

Four  volumes,  cloth,  8vo.     $4.00  each.    Ready  in  October. 

GILBERT  — The  Revelation  of  Jesus.  By  GEORGE  H. 
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Cloth,  12mo.    $1.50.    Ready  in  October. 

JONES  — Jess.  BITS  OF  WAYSIDE  GOSPEL.  By  JENKIN 
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Faithful,"  etc.  Cloth,  12mo.  $1.50.  Ready  in  September. 

Vacation  sermons  in  the  guise  of  summer  stories,  full  of  a  fresh 

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MATHEWS  — A  History  of  New  Testament  Times  in 
Palestine.  By  SHAILER  MATHEWS,  University  of  Chi- 
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"  The  author  is  scholarly,  devout,  awake  to  all  modern  thought 

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CLARK— Outlines  of  Civil  Government.    By  F.  H. 

CLAEK.  Cloth,  12mo.    Ready  in  September. 

A  supplement  to  the  students'  edition  of  Bryce's  "  American 
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IRELAND  —  Tropical  Colonization.  AN  INTRODUCTION 
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Cloth,  12mo.    Ready  in  September. 
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TARDE  — Social  Laws.  A  translation  of  Tarde's  "ies 
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Cloth,  12mo.    Ready  in  September. 

SMITH  —  Methods  of  Knowledge.  AN  ESSAY  IN  EPISTE- 
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Cloth,  12mo.    Ready  in  September. 
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ALLEN  —  Topics  of  United  States  History.  By  JOHN 
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With  illustrations,  marginal  references  to  sources,  etc. 

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CARPENTER  —  Elements  of  Rhetoric  and  English 
Composition.  First  and  Second  High  School  Courses. 
By  GEORGE  R.  CARPENTEB,  Columbia  College. 

Cloth,  12mo.    Ready  in  September. 

COM  AN  and  KENDALL  —  History  of  England.  For 
High  Schools  and  Academies.  By  KATHERINE  COHAN,  Ph.B.,  and 
ELIZABETH  K.  KENDALL,  both  of  Wellesley  College. 

Cloth,  crown  8vo.    Ready  in  September. 

Aims  to  aid  the  student  in  gaining  some  comprehension  of  the  vari- 
ous factors  which  have  worked  together  to  produce  modern  Britain. 

GANONG  — The  Teaching  Botanist.  A  MANUAL  OF 
INFORMATION  UPON  BOTANICAL  INSTRUCTION,  TOGETHER  WITH  OUT- 
LINES AND  DIRECTIONS  FOR  A  COMPREHENSIVE  ELEMENTARY  COURSE. 
By  WILLIAM  F.  GANONG,  Ph.D.,  Smith  College. 

Cloth,  12mo.    Ready  in  September. 

LANGE  —  Our  Native  Birds.  How  TO  PROTECT  THEM 
AND  ATTRACT  THEM  TO  OUR  HOMES.  By  D.  LAKOE,  Instructor  in 
Nature  Study  in  the  Schools  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.  Author  of  a 
"  Manual  of  Nature  Study."  Cloth,  12mo.  Ready  in  September. 

LEWIS  —  A  First  Manual  of  Composition.  By  EDWIN 
HERBERT  LEWIS,  Principal  of  Lewis  Institute,  Chicago,  author  of 
"A  First  Book  in  Writing  English,"  etc 

Cloth,  12mo.    Ready  in  September. 
This  "first  manual,"  with  a  second  in  press,  present  a  system 

theory  and  practice  adapted  to  use  in  secondary  schools. 

SCIENCE. 

HARDIN— The  Liquefaction  of  Gases.  ITS  RISE  AND 
DEVELOPMENT.  By  WILLETT  L.  HARDIN,  Ph.D.,  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  Cloth,  12mo.  Ready  in  September. 

MACBRIDE  —  The  Myxomycetes.  A  HANDBOOK  OF 
NORTH  AMERICAN  SLIME  MOULDS.  By  THOMAS  H.  MACBRIDE,  Pro- 
fessor of  Botany,  University  of  Iowa. 

Cloth,  12mo.    Ready  in  September. 
A  list  of  all  species  described  in  North  America,  including  Central 

America. 

SU  TER  —  Handbook  of  Optics.  FOR  STUDENTS  OF  OPH- 
THALMOLOOY.  By  WILLIAM  N.  SuTER,  M.D.,  National  University, 
Washington,  D.C.  Cloth,  12mo.  Ready  in  September. 


***  These  are  but  a  few  of  the  forthcoming  Macmillan  publications.  A  similar  list  of  Biography,  Fiction,  History, 
Illustrated  Books,  etc.,  etc.,  appeared  here  a  short  time  since,  and  as  soon  as  it  is  ready  the  new  complete 
Pall  Announcement  List,  now  in  press,  will  be  sent  without  charge  to  any  one  applying  for  a  copy  to 

THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY,   PUBLISHERS,  NEW  YORK  CITY, 


162 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16,  1899. 


A  NEW  HISTORICAL  NOVEL 

Just  Published  by  THE  BOWEN- MERRILL  COMPANY: 

THE  BLACK  WOLF'S  BREED.  A  Story  of  France  in  the  Old  World 
and  the  New;  Happening  in  the  Reign  of  Louis  XIV.  By  HARRIS  DICKSON. 
Illustrations  by  C.  M.  RELYEA.  Crown  8vo,  gilt  top,  $1.50. 

This  tale  of  adventure,  by  a  new  Southern  writer,  seems  destined  to  rank  high  among  the  successes  of  the 
year.  It  is  stirringly  told,  is  full  of  a  sort  of  interest  which  endures  from  beginning  to  the  end,  and  the 
writer  has  the  grip  of  experience  in  relating  dashing  incidents,  an  experience  which  he  has  gained  by  the  most 
careful  research  into  the  history  of  the  days  of  his  story,  and  by  personal  jonrneyings  to  those  parts  of  France 
and  of  America  with  which  the  story  deals. 

RILEY  LOVE  LYRICS.  With  pictures  by  DYER.  Being  a  collection  of  tin  • 
favorites  of  James  Whitcomb  Riley's  poetry,  illustrated  with  over  fifty  studies 
from  life  by  WILLIAM  B.  DYER.  12mo,  ornamented  cloth,  $1.25. 

"  <  Riley  Love  Lyrics '  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  the  holiday  books.  It  contains  all  the  favorites  of 
his  dainty,  tender  love  poems,  and  the  illustrations,  of  which  there  are  over  one  hundred,  add  greatly  to  the 
book's  artistic  beauty.  Mr.  Dyer  shows  a  poetic  appreciation  of  the  author's  verse  and  the  ability  to  work  out 
with  camera  and  brush  the  central  ideas  in  an  altogether  delightful  way." 

THE  LEGIONARIES.  By  HENRY  SCOTT  CLARK.  A  story  of  the  great  raid 
made  by  General  Morgan  in  the  Civil  War.  Illustrated  by  HOWARD  McCoR- 
MACK.  Crown  8vo,  gilt  top,  $1.50. 

The  book  is  in  a  field  that  is  new  and  it  gives  a  series  of  accurate,  vivid,  yet  dispassionate  pictures  of  the 
time.  The  description  of  the  dashing  ride  made  by  the  famous  raider  is  dramatic  in  its  interest. 

BOOK  LOVERS'  VERSE.  Songs  of  Books  and  Bookmen.  .Compiled  from 
English  and  American  authors.  By  HOWARD  S.  RUDDY.  12mo,  gilt  top,  $1.25. 

THE  PURITAN  REPUBLIC.  By  DANIEL  WAIT  HOWE.  A  History  of  tin- 
Puritan  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  Bay.  One  large  volume.  8vo,  gilt 
top,  $3.50. 

OF  SUCH  IS  THE  KINGDOM.  For  Children  and  Grown  Folk  Alike.  A 
Book  of  Delicious  Stories  and  Rhymes  for  Children.  By  CLARA  VAWTER. 
With  many  Illustrations  by  WILL  VAWTER.  12mo,  $1.25. 

Other  Recent  Books. 


WHEN  KNIGHTHOOD  WAS  IN  FLOWER.     A 

love  story  of  Charles  Brandon  and  Mary  Tudor, 
sister  of  Henry  VIII.  By  CHARLES  MAJOR  (Edwin 
Caakoden).  Illustrated.  95th  Thousand.  Crown 
8vo,  gilt  top,  81.50. 

JOHNNIE.  By  £.  O.  LAUOHLIN.  (Third  edition.) 
Illustrated  with  16  pictures  in  photogravure.  12mo, 
gilt  top,  81.25. 

COMES  ONE  WITH   A  SONQ.      By  FRANK  L. 

STAN  TON.  (Second  edition.)  An  entirely  new  vol- 
ume of  poems  by  Frank  L.  Stanton,  of  the  Atlanta 
Constitution,  Georgia.  12 mo,  gilt  top,  81.25. 


AN  IDYL  OF  THE  WABASH.  By  ANNA  NICHO- 
LAS. (Third  edition.)  Ten  stories  of  Hoosierdom. 
Printed  on  fine  paper;  with  cover  design  by  EVA- 
LEEN  STEIN.  12mo,  gilt  top,  81.25. 

RILEY  CHILD  -  RHYMES.  With  Hoosier  Pictures. 
(Twenty-second  edition.)  The  favorite  child-rhymes 
by  JAMES  WHITCOMB  RILEY.  With  over  100 
Hoosier  pictures  by  WILL  VAWTER.  Square  12mo, 
ornamental  cover,  81.25. 

TEMPLE  TALKS.  By  MYRON  W.  REED.  (Second 
edition.)  Essays  on  questions  pertinent  to  the 
times.  With  portrait.  IGmo,  81. '_'">. 


THE  BO  WEN -MERRILL  COMPANY,  Publishers, 

INDIANAPOLIS,  IND.,  U.  S.  A. 


THE  DIAL 

J5emi*il$l0tttfjl2  Journal  of  Utterarjj  Criticism,  Uigcusgixm,  antJ  Information. 


THE  DIAL  (founded  in  1880  )  is  published  on  the  1st  and  16th  of 
each  month.  TERMS  o*  SUBSCRIPTION,  S2.00  a  year  in  advance, postage 
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THE  DIAL,  Fine  Arts  Building,  Chicago. 


No.  818. 


SEPT.  16,  1899.      Vol.  XXVII. 


CONTENTS. 


BOOKS  OF  THE  COMING  YEAR 163 

LITERATURE.   MUSIC,  AND    MORALS.     Charles 

Leonard  Moore 165 

COMMUNICATIONS .167 

The  Civil  War  and  National  Sovereignty.     E.  Par- 

malee  Prentice. 
"Baldoon"  and  "David  Harura."  Band,  McNally 

4-  Co. 
Bismarck's  Debt  to  Goethe.  Charles  Bundy  Wilson. 

"AMERICAN     TALKS"     BY      A     LITERARY 

VETERAN.     E.G.J. 168 

RELIGION    IN    GREEK     LITERATURE.      Paul 

Skorey 170 

SEEN  WITH   JAPANESE    EYES.     Wallace  Sice    .  172 

RECENT  FICTION.  William  Morton  Payne  .  .  .174 
Waterloo's  The  Launching  of  a  Man. —  Horton's 
A  Fair  Brigand. —  Johnson's  King  or  Knave. — 
Stephens's  A  Gentleman  Player. —  Mrs.  Baylor-Bar- 
num's  The  Ladder  of  Fortune. —  Mrs.  Lust's  A  Tent 
of  Grace. —  Russell's  The  Mandate. —  Dowson  and 
Moore's  Adrian  Rome. —  Grant  Allen's  Miss  Gayley's 
Adventures. — Wells's  When  the  Sleeper  Wakes. — 
Oxenhani's  A  Princess  of  Vascovy. —  Marchmont's 
A  Dash  for  a  Throne. —  Birt's  Castle  Czvargas. — 
Pemberton's  The  Garden  of  Swords. —  Sienkiewicz's 
In  Vain. —  Fru  Skram's  Professor  Hieronymus. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 177 

Interesting  reminiscences  of  a  King.  — The  fight  of  a 
corporation  with  the  people. — A  statesman  in  let- 
ters.—  A  commemorative  volume  on  Yale  college.  — 
The  life  of  Gen.  Sherman  well  re-told.  —  Lessons 
from  our  historic  past. — Some  discouraging  revel- 
ations of  the  French  Army.  —  European  literature  in 
cross-sections.  —  Mystifying  the  mystery  of  Dreyfus. 
— A  popular  biography  of  Bismarck. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 180 

ANNOUNCEMENTS  OF  FALL  BOOKS 181 

(A  classified  list  of  1600  titles  announced  for  publi- 
cation during  the  coming  season. ) 

LITERARY  NOTES  .  193 


BOOKS  OF  THE  COMING  YEAR. 

The  classified  list  of  forthcoming  publica- 
tions, which  is,  as  in  previous  years,  the  dis- 
tinctive feature  of  this  mid-September  issue  of 
THE  DIAL,  excites  so  many  pleasurable  antici- 
pations that  the  most  careful  selection  from 
the  announcements  made  can  hardly  fail  to  be 
somewhat  invidious.  As  is  stated  in  the  note 
which  heads  the  list,  there  are  upwards  of  six- 
teen hundred  titles  already  at  hand,  which  is 
not  only  an  increase,  but  a  notably  large  in- 
crease, over  any  list  previously  published  by 
us.  Out  of  this  wilderness  of  books  of  all 
sorts  of  interest  we  select,  with  considerable 
hesitation,  a  few  of  those  that  seem  most  at- 
tractive, confining  the  selection  mainly  to  the 
departments  of  general  literature,  belles-lettres, 
history,  and  biography,  although  a  few  books 
from  other  categories  are  also  included. 

Among  works  of  general  literature  we  are 
particularly  glad  to  notice  that  the  "American 
Anthology,"  upon  which  Mr.  Stedman  has  for 
several  years  been  engaged,  is  at  last  about  to 
appear.  Colonel  T.  W.  Higginson  will  pub- 
lish a  volume  of  reminiscences  under  the  title 
of  "  Contemporaries."  Professor  C.  E.  Norton 
has  edited  a  new  volume  of  the  correspondence 
of  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson.  A  volume  of  the 
prose  of  E.  R.  Sill  will  prove  a  welcome  com- 
panion to  the  three  volumes  of  his  verse  already 
published.  A  volume  of  the  letters  of  Sidney 
Lanier  will  be  an  extremely  acceptable  addi- 
tion to  the  list  of  the  writings  of  a  man 
whose  fame  grows  yearly  more  secure.  "  The 
Authority  of  Criticism  and  Other  Essays," 
by  Professor  W.  P.  Trent,  will,  we  are  sure, 
find  many  appreciative  readers.  Volumes  of 
essays  by  Professor  John  Fiske  and  Professor 
H.  T.  Peck,  those  exceptionally  versatile  wri- 
ters, are  also  to  appear.  There  will  be  sev- 
eral volumes  in  the  new  series  of  "  National 
Studies  in  American  Letters,"  edited  by  Pro- 
fessor G.  E.  Woodberry,  whose  own  contribu- 
tion, "  Flower  of  Essex,"  will  be  awaited  quite 
as  eagerly  as  any  of  the  others.  We  are  glad, 
too,  that  an  enlarged  issue  is  promised  of  the 
selected  essays  of  the  late  Richard  Malcolm 
Johnston. 

Outside    of    American    general    literature, 


164 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


the  most  promising  announcements  are  those 
of  the  letters  of  Robert  Louis  Stevenson  and 
the  long-heralded  memoirs  of  Victor  Hugo. 
Mr.  Gosse's  Life  and  Letters  of  John  Donne 
has  been  heralded  even  longer,  and  will  be 
one  of  the  "  books  of  the  year.  "  The  "  Rus- 
sian Literature"  by  Mr.  K.  Waliszewski  will 
be  added  to  Mr.  Gosse's  series  of  "  Literature 
of  the  World."  Dr.  Richard  Garnett's  »» Es- 
says in  Librariauship  and  Bibliography  "  will 
appeal  to  all  bookmen.  The  host  of  reprints 
and  artistic  new  editions  of  standard  litera- 
ture is  so  great  that  we  hesitate  to  select  from 
them,  but  must  make  a  single  exception  in 
favor  of  Mr.  Mosher's  list,  which  is  quite  as 
attractive  as  ever,  and  includes  sixteen  titles, 
among  them  Mr.  Swinburne's  first  series  of 
"  Poems  and  Balads,  "  his  "  Under  the  Micro- 
scope," Mr.  Mat-kail's  translation  of  the 
"Georgics,"  Rossetti's  "  Hand  and  Soul,"  and 
Stevenson's  "A  Child's  Garden  of  Verses." 

Among  the  important  biographies  of  the 
year  will  be  Mr.  Marion  Crawford's  life  of 
the  Pope,  the  two-volume  life  of  John  Everett 
Millais,  Mr.  L.  R.  Hartley's  life  of  Francis 
Lieber,  Mrs.  Julia  Ward  Howe's  "  Reminis- 
cences," Prince  Kropotkin's  autobiography 
—  more  fascinating  than  nine  novels  out  of 
ten,  as  readers  of  "  The  Atlantic  Monthly  " 
already  know, —  a  life  of  Charles  Sumner  by 
Mr.  MODI  lie  Id  Story,  Mrs.  John  Drew's  rem- 
iniscences, Mr.  Frederick  Bancroft's  life  of 
William  II.  Seward,  President  Gilman's  life 
of  James  D.  Dana,  Mr.  Paul  L.  Ford's  "  The 
Many-Sided  Franklin,"  and  Mr.  John  Sar- 
tain's  "  Reminiscences  of  a  Very  Old  Man." 
The  various  biographical  series  are  going 
merrily  along,  and  one  or  two  promising  new 
ones  are  projected. 

The  literature  of  American  History  will  be 
notably  enriched  by  new  volumes  of  such 
standard  works  as  those  of  Professor  McM as- 
ter, Professor  John  Fiske,  Mr.  James  Scbouler, 
and  Mr.  J.  F.  Rhodes.  A  political  history  of 
"  The  United  Kingdom,"  by  Professor  Gold- 
win  Smith,  is  sure  to  be  at  once  weighty  and 
readable.  A  new  field  of  description  is  en- 
tered upon  by  Dr.  Lyman  P.  Powell,  who  has 
edited  an  important  work  upon  the  "  Historic 
Towns  of  the  Middle  States."  The  edition  of 
Monroe's  writings  will  be  continued,  and  an 
edition  started  of  the  writings  of  Madison,  the 
latter  edited  by  Mr.  Gaillard  Hunt. 

The  most  interesting  announcements  of 
poetry  are  of  volumes  by  Mrs.  Louise  Chandler 
Moulton,  Miss  Louise  Imogen  Guiney,  and 


Professor  G.  E.  Woodberry.  But  poets  seem 
to  be  few  in  number  this  year,  or  else  unusually 
modest  in  putting  forth  an  advance  claim  to 
attention.  We  find  no  American  announce- 
ment of  Mr.  Swinburne's  u  Rosamund,"  but 
that  work  will,  of  course,  be  the  "  book  of  the 
year"  as  far  as  poetry  is  concerned.  We  have 
also  seen  reports  in  our  English  exchange 
a  probable  volume  of  miscellaneous  poems  by 
Mr.  Swinburne,  as  well  as  of  the  tragedy  defi- 
nitely promised. 

We  may  well  pause  for  breath  before  at- 
tempting to  select,  even  for  this  briefest  of  men- 
tion, a  score  or  more  of  the  novels  that  seem 
to  promise  the  most  satisfaction.  In  American 
fiction  we  note  the  following:  "Janice  Mere- 
dith," by  Mr.  Paul  L.  Ford  ;  "  Via  Crucis," 
by  Mr.  Marion  Crawford ;  "  To  Have  and  to 
Hold,"  by  Miss  Mary  Johnston  ;  "  Their  Silver 
Wedding  Journey,"  by  Mr.  W.  D.  Howells  : 
"The  Last  Rebel,"  by  Mr.  Joseph  Altsheler; 
and  new  volumes  of  short  stories  by  Mr.  Bret 
Harte,  Mr.  Richard  Harding  Davis,  and  the 
late  Blanche  Willis  Howard.  In  English  fic- 
tion we  are  to  have  "  The  King's  Mirror,"  by 
"Anthony  Hope";  "The  Orange  Girl,"  by 
Sir  Walter  Besant ;  "Siren  City,"  by  "  Benja- 
min Swift";  "lone  March,"  by  Mr.  S.  K. 
Crockett ;  "  Stalky  &  Co.,"  by  Mr.  Rudyard 
Kipling  ;  "The  Ship  of  Stars,"  by  Mr.  A.  T. 
Quiller-Couch ;  "A  White  Dove,"  by  Mr.  W. 
J.  Locke;  and  "Heronford,"  by  Mr.  S.  R. 
Keightley.  We  suppose  that  "  Maarten  Maar- 
tens"  may  be  considered  sufficiently  English 
to  warrant  the  mention  of  "  Some  Women  I 
Have  Known  "  in  this  list.  In  translations  of 
Continental  fiction,  six  works  of  the  first  im- 
portance may  be  underscored.  They  are  the 
"  Knights  of  the  Cross,"  by  Mr.  Sienkiewicz ; 
"  Resurrection,"  by  Count  Tolstoy;  "  Fruitful- 
ness,"  by  M.  Zola ;  "  The  White  Terror,"  by 
M.  Felix  Gras;  "The  Poor  Plutocrats,"  by 
Mr.  Jokai ;  and  "  Saragossa,"  by  Sf  nor  Galdos. 
These  are  new  works,  with  the  exception  of 
Mr.  Jokai's  romance,  which  has  long  been  a 
Hungarian  classic. 

Returning  now  to  works  of  scholarship,  we 
find  space  to  mention  only  a  few  of  the  more 
promising  announcements.  Mr.  Edward  Fitz- 
gerald's "The  Highest  Andes"  and  Mr.  Charles 
Neuf eld's  "A  Prisoner  of  the  Khaleefa"  are 
perhaps  the  most  important  works  of  travel 
and  adventure.  Among  works  of  art,  we  note 
a  great  work  on  Rubens,  by  M.  Emile  Michel, 
an  "Iconografia  Dantesca,"  by  Herr  L.  Volk- 
mann,  and  a  new  series  of  "Handbooks  of  the 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


165 


Great  Masters  in  Painting  and  Sculpture," 
edited  by  Mr.  G.  C.  Williamson.  In  science 
one  important  announcement  is  that  of  "Ap- 
pletons'  Geographical  Series,"  edited  by  Mr. 
J.  H.  Mackinder,  and  another  is  the  "  Cyclo- 
pedia of  American  Horticulture,"  edited  by 
Mr.  L.  H.  Bailey.  Finally,  among  works  of 
social  science  we  are  promised  "Democracy 
and  Empire,"  by  Professor  F.  H.  Giddings, 
"The  Distribution  of  Wealth,"  by  Professor 
John  B.Clark,  "  The  Principles  of  Taxation," 
by  the  late  D.  A.  Wells,  and  the  third  and 
concluding  volume  of  Professor  Palgrave's 
"  Dictionary  of  Political  Economy,"  which  has 
been  greatly  desired  for  several  years. 


LITERATURE,   MUSIC,   AND   MORALS. 

The  ever-enduring  discussion  as  to  whether  a 
book  may  picture  evil,  may  paint  scenes  and  char- 
acters not  usually  brought  to  the  notice  of  women 
and  children,  and  the  somewhat  similar  battles  over 
dancing  Bacchantes  and  nude  French  art,  raise  a 
question  as  to  why  music  is  so  seldom  involved  in  such 
controversies.  "Why  is  it  that  literature  is  by  some 
regarded  as  a  regular  Upas  plant,  and  a  circulating 
library  in  a  town  as  "  an  evergreen  tree  of  diabol- 
ical knowledge,"  while  music  is  suffered  to  go  on 
its  way  serenely  without  any  indictment  for  crim- 
inal conversation  or  corrupting  ways? 

At  first  blush,  the  art  which  has  the  most  power- 
ful momentary  effect  on  our  passions  and  emotions, 
which  is  used  to  incite  men  to  martial  ardor  or  sub- 
due them  to  sensuous  reverie,  which  in  its  simplest 
and  most  popular  forms  —  the  Soldier's  March  in 
Faust,  or  a  Strauss  waltz  —  is  as  effective  as  in  the 
heroic  Symphony  of  Beethoven  or  the  Nocturnes 
of  Chopin, —  at  first  sight,  it  would  seem  that  such 
an  art  could  be  most  easily  misused  and  most  read- 
ily accused  of  wrong-doing.  But  such  is  not  the  case. 
Nobody  except  a  Nietsche  or  a  Tolstoi  has  ever 
accused  any  form  of  music  divorced  from  words  or 
action  of  being  immoral.  The  young  girl  all  over 
the  world  is  not  only  allowed  but  encouraged  and 
compelled  to  busy  herself  with  music,  which,  if  it 
expresses  anything,  must  express  things  dangerous 
as  well  as  things  innocent.  At  the  same  time,  the 
forbidden  fruit  of  the  knowledge  of  literature  is 
carefully  kept  from  her  or  selected  for  her.  Why 
this  difference? 

It  is  against  the  principles  of  a  true  American  to 
go  to  a  German  philosopher  for  an  explanation  of 
anything, — but  perhaps  Schopenhauer's  metaphysic 
and  theory  of  art  will  help  us  here.  In  brief,  this 
is  how  he  decides  matters :  The  primal  thing,  the 
origin  of  all,  is  the  Will  —  the  Will  to  live.  This 
Will  arranges  itself  into  many  grades,  similar  to  the 
Platonic  Ideas,  which  are  the  types  and  genera  of 


existing  realities.  These  ideas  again  objectify 
themselves  simultaneously  in  the  world  of  particu- 
lars and  individuals,  which  is  the  object,  and  in  the 
knowing  mind,  which  is  the  subject.  The  majority 
of  human  beings  can  only  realize  themselves  and 
the  outward  world  of  sense  and  perception.  The 
genius  in  the  sphere  of  literature  and  the  fine  arts 
generally  does  more  than  this.  He  rises  to  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  architypal  ideas,  and  sees  the  universal 
in  the  particular ;  and  he  is  able  to  make  the  rest 
of  mankind  dimly  sympathize  with  him.  The  mu- 
sician, however,  cannot  do  this.  For  him,  neither 
the  world  of  sense  perception  nor  that  of  the  prim- 
itive Ideas  exists.  He  does  not  imitate  the  first, 
as  other  artists  do,  nor  does  he  arrange  his  forms 
according  to  the  grades  and  divisions  of  the  last. 
The  primal  Will  speaks  through  him  directly,  and 
every  human  being  in  whom  the  Will  exists  in  its 
unity  and  totality  feels  and  understands  him  with- 
out being  able  to  reason  about  or  explain  the  mat- 
ter. It  follows  that  the  poet  who  has  to  deal  with 
the  world  of  sense,  in  which  there  is  as  much  evil  as 
good,  as  much  night  as  day,  must,  if  he  give  his 
world  correctly,  indulge  largely  in  the  shadows  of 
existence ;  while  the  musician,  freed  from  such 
world,  only  gives  us  the  primal  impulse  of  life,  which 
we  do  not  consciously  disintegrate  into  good  or  bad. 

This  is  very  flattering  to  the  writer  of  music. 
Artists  are  envious,  and  the  exquisite  footing  of  the 
first  act  of  the  Bourgeois  Gentilhomme  mildly  typ- 
ifies the  cat-and-dog  aversion  which  the  members  of 
the  various  liberal  arts  have  for  each  other.  Nor 
are  the  leading  arts  of  expression  the  only  ones  that 
quarrel  for  precedence.  The  ancients  elevated  per- 
fumes almost  to  the  level  of  poetry,  and  M.  Alcide 
de  Mirobolant  wooed  his  love  with  symbolic  sauces 
and  confections,  and  considered  himself  a  gentle- 
man and  an  artist.  In  short,  it  is  doubtful  if  Scho- 
penhauer's theory  will  be  widely  accepted. 

For  one  thing,  he  calls  music  the  universal  lan- 
guage. If  it  be,  it  is  a  language  which  has  not  yet 
found  its  Ollendorf.  The  musical  theorist  of  to-day 
decides,  for  example,  that  Greek  music  was  non- 
existent. Yet  this  race,  certainly  not  a  stupid  one, 
evidently  thought  they  had  attained  to  complete 
musical  expression.  Their  literature  is  full  of  ref- 
erences to  the  art,  and  a  great  number  of  their 
deities  were  dedicated  to  the  protection  and  per- 
formance of  it.  They  unquestionably  had  a  varied 
assortment  of  musical  instruments,  though  not  so 
many  as  their  predecessors,  the  Egyptians.  Whole 
orchestras  are  depicted  on  the  Egyptian  tombs,  yet 
the  modern  musician  will  probably  deny  their  knowl- 
edge of  music.  Again,  Chinese  music  exists  and 
gives  pleasure  to  a  large  part  of  the  human  race, 
yet  to  our  ears  it  seems  barbarous  dissonance.  But 
the  quarrel  of  European  musicians  among  them- 
selves —  the  battle  of  Wagnerites  and  anti-Wag- 
nerites  —  is  sufficient  to  plant  in  the  ordinary  mind 
a  doubt  of  Schopenhauer's  theory  as  to  music  being 
the  immediate  and  direct  utterance  of  the  universal 


166 


TIIK     DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


Will.  Schopenhauer  himself  says  that  where  music 
is  fitted  to  action  or  words,  these  should  be  subor- 
dinated to  it ;  which  is  the  direct  contrary  of  Wag- 
ner's theory  and  practice  of  interpreting  actions  by 
music. 

If  there  exists  a  universal  language,  it  is  a  simpler 
one  than  music  —  it  is  the  language  of  gesture  and 
human  motion :  in  other  words,  the  dance.  This 
is,  and  always  has  been,  practiced  and  understood. 
If  a  man  is  shipwrecked  on  a  desert  island,  and 
comes  into  company  of  its  savage  and  possibly  can- 
nibal inhabitants,  how  does  he  go  about  to  make 
himself  understood  ?  Does  he  troll  a  stave  or  sing 
a  long  recitative  with  the  leit-motif  dedicated  to 
hunger  reappearing  at  intervals?  No.  He  kneels 
down  in  token  of  submission  —  makes  motions  with 
his  hands  to  his  mouth  and  stomach  to  show  his 
needs:  and  if  he  is  received  and  regaled  —  treated 
not  as  a  meat  but  as  a  guest  —  he  probably  skips 
about  in  a  lively  manner  to  indicate  pleasure  and 
gratitude.  It  is  curious  to  remark  that  Dante's 
Paradise  —  the  farthest  reach  of  the  human  imag- 
ination in  picturing  the  unknown  —  is  a  soundless 
world.  There  are  no  harps  or  citherns  or  orchestras 
there.  There  is  nothing  but  light,  dancing,  and 
philosophical  discourses.  Critics  there  have  been 
who  thought  it  grotesque ;  and  unquestionably  the 
spectacle  of  grave  Doctors  of  the  Church  gyrating 
on  one  toe,  or  wheeling  three  times  about  Dante 
and  his  guide,  or  flocking  together  like  cranes  and 
writing  out  symbolical  letters  on  the  sky,  might 
make  a  thoughtless  reader  smile.  But  philosoph- 
ically speaking,  Dante  was  quite  right. 

If  we  sub>titute  motion  for  Will  as  the  primal 
thing  —  which,  as  Schopenhauer  refuses  to  explain 
the  cause  of  Will  and  even  denies  that  it  has  any 
cause,  is  a  legitimate  thing  to  do  —  we  get  a  some- 
what different  relation  of  the  arts  to  life.  Three  of 
the  fine  arts  —  dancing,  music,  and  poetry  —  are 
founded  on  motion.  For  sound  is  probably  only  an 
accident  of  music,  —  its  real  essence  is  the  differ- 
ently measured  and  related  waves  of  motion.  Bee- 
thoven was  deaf,  but  that  did  not  interfere  with  his 
creative  power,  nor,  presumably,  with  his  enjoyment 
of  music.  Architecture  is  the  reverse  of  motion  — 
it  expresses  rest,  static  immobility,  and  is  best  ex- 
emplified in  Egyptian  and  Greek  buildings.  Gothic 
architecture  is  an  attempt  to  revolt  from  the  law  of 
the  art,  and  to  express,  by  means  of  the  heaviest 
materials  in  nature,  aspiration  and  upward  flight. 
It  is  as  if  a  sculptor  should  carve  a  statue  of  Gravi- 
tation and  give  it  wings.  Sculpture  is  the  arrest  of 
motion.  Painting  is  at  its  best  when  it  gives  the 
vitality  of  life,  and  the  scene  or  figure  grows  and 
acts  before  one.  Dancing  is  motion  with  forms 
added.  Poetry  is  motion  with  forms  and  ideas 
added.  Music  is  motion  without  either  forms  or 
ideas — pureunembodied  motion.  Whether  this  last 
method  of  expression  is  superior  to  poetry,  which 
gives  in  its  characters  and  ideas  the  whole  of  the 
world  of  sense  and  in  its  rhythm  the  whole  of  the 


world  of  Will,  everybody  will  decide  according  to 
previous  predilection. 

Roughly  speaking,  I  should  say  that  poetry  is  an 
aristocratic  and  music  a  democratic  art.  It  requires 
intellect  to  appreciate  the  one ;  while  emotion,  pas- 
sion, the  Will-to-live,  suffice  for  the  enjoyment  of 
the  other.  Like  the  Darwinian  science,  Schopen- 
hauer's philosophy  dethrones  the  conscious  intellect 
and  substitutes  the  blind  and  spontaneous  forces  of 
nature.  Yet  no  one  has  more  loudly  and  continu- 
ously celebrated  intellect.  He  is  like  a  man  whose 
head  is  twisted  on  his  shoulders  and  who  marches 
in  one  direction  while  his  gaze  is  mournfully  fixed 
another  way. 

The  essential  and  cherubic  innocence  of  music 
comes  out  in  this  exposition.  It  has  no  relation  to 
morals,  for  things  are  good  or  bad  as  we  attach 
ideas  to  them.  Its  world  is  a  world  of  pure  impulse, 
impetus,  and  agitation.  There  can  be  bad  music,  of 
course, —  music  hackneyed,  or  which  does  not  con- 
form to  the  laws  of  the  art.  But  it  must  be  diffi- 
cult for  true  music  to  be  base  or  vulgar.  It  is 
understood  that  many  of  the  most  popular  strains 
of  comic  opera  have  been  taken  almost  bodily  from 
old  church  music ;  and  the  reverse  is  possible.  The 
stormiest  and  most  passionate  music,  then, —  music, 
which,  for  aught  we  know,  may  be  the  utterance  of 
the  soul  of  one  of  the  damned, —  can  be  given  to  a 
young  girl  to  interpret  without  danger  of  its  con- 
taminating her. 

But  how  does  poetry  stand  in  this  respect?  It 
has  in  its  rhythm,  though  of  course  less  peifectly 
than  music,  the  essence  of  motion,  pure,  unembodied, 
and  divine.  But  it  is  compelled  to  give  also  motion 
which  is  embodied  in  nature  —  motion  beautiful, 
life-giving,  turbulent,  desolating,  and  destroying. 
It  has  to  give  the  same  motion  as  it  is  repeated  in 
the  mind  of  man  —  happy,  serene,  disturbed,  wrath- 
ful, death-dealing.  Nay,  as  the  desolating  elements 
and  forms  of  nature  —  fire,  storm,  earthquake  — 
are  the  most  startling  and  instantaneous,  as  the  bad 
motives  and  actions  of  men  yield  themselves  most 
readily  to  effect  and  climax,  so  literature  chooses  to 
deal  largely  with  evil.  For  it  loves  energy  —  mo- 
tion in  its  intensest  forms.  It  would  be  actionable 
if  a  newspaper  were  to  give  in  plain  prose  the  plots 
of  many  of  the  greatest  masterpieces  of  literary  art. 
Dr.  Quincey  did  something  like  this  —  drew  up  a 
resumS  of  Goethe's  "  Wilhelm  Meister  " —  and  the 
bare  facts  were  ludicrous  and  immoral  enough. 
But  the  book  does  not  seem  ludicrous  and  immoral 
when  we  yield  ourselves  to  its  energy  and  its  flow. 
Cardinal  Newman,  in  his  book  on  ••  The  Idea  of  a 
University,"  came  to  this  cross-roads.  He  *aw  that 
the  profane  literature  of  the  world,  and  particularly 
that  of  the  ancients,  dealt  overwhelmingly  with  evil. 
Was  it,  therefore,  to  be  taught  to  the  Htudents  of  a 
Catholic  university  ?  He  decided  that  it  must :  that 
it  could  not  hurt  anyone  to  read  in  a  book  what  he 
must  know  if  he  takes  a  stroll  on  the  HtreeU  or  lis- 
tens to  the  gossip  of  a  club.  Human  nature  is  robust 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


167 


enough  not  to  be  shocked  at  itself.  And  human 
nature  translated  into  the  terms  of  good  literature 
—  given,  that  is,  for  the  sake  of  the  energy  and 
power  of  which  it  is  capable,  and  not  to  pander  to 
base  thoughts, —  ought  not  to  shock  anyone  ;  but  on 
the  contrary,  especially  when  it  adds  to  the  rhythm 
of  poetry  —  that  unexplainable  motion  sprung  we 
know  not  whence  — it  ought  to  charm  the  tedium  of 
life  and  leave  us  greater  and  better  than  we  were. 
CHARLES  LEONARD  MOORE. 


COMMUNICA  TIONS. 

THE  CIVIL  WAR  AND  NATIONAL 

SOVEREIGNTY. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

The  review  of  the  work  by  Mr.  Egan  and  myself  on 
"  The  Commerce  Clause  of  the  Federal  Constitution," 
which  Mr.  James  O.  Pierce  contributed  to  the  mid- 
August  number  of  your  paper,  is  in  many  ways  grati- 
fying ;  but  I  would  like,  if  I  can,  to  correct  the 
impression  that  "  the  authors  advocate  the  theory  that 
the  United  States  did  not  become  a  Nation  until  made 
so  by  the  results  of  the  Civil  War." 

The  Federal  Constitution  is  essentially  national  in 
character,  and  nowhere  does  it  show  this  character 
more  strongly  than  in  the  Commerce  Clause  itself. 
Time  aud  experience  of  the  new  government  were  re- 
quired, however,  to  complete  the  work  of  making  a 
Nation  in  fact  of  that  which  the  Constitution  had  made 
a  Nation  in  law. 

In  Chisholm  v.  Georgia,  decided  in  1793,  the  case  to 
which  Mr.  Pierce  refers,  five  judges  rendered  individ- 
ual opinions.  No  opinion  was  rendered  on  behalf  of 
the  court,  but  expressions  were  used  which  indicated 
that  a  majority  of  the  justices  considered  that  the  Fed- 
eral government  was  national  in  character.  The  case 
was,  however,  followed  in  1799  by  the  Virginia  and 
Kentucky  resolutions  announcing  views  of  the  Consti- 
tution which  are  absolutely  inconsistent  with  any  actual 
national  sovereignty,  and  which  nevertheless  have  the 
support  of  the  great  names  of  Madison  and  Jefferson. 
In  1823  the  doctrine  which  was  afterwards  known  by 
the  name  of  "  Nullification "  was  presented  to  Mr. 
Justice  Johnson,  and  subsequently,  in  1824,  was  elab- 
orately argued  before  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  case  of 
Gibbons  v.  Ogden.  In  both  cases  the  element  of  na- 
tionality involved  was,  as  we  have  noticed  in  our  book, 
explicitly  disclosed  and  asserted  by  the  Federal  Courts 
("  Commerce  Clause,"  page  16  ; )  but  in  1832,  eight 
years  later,  "  Nullification  "  was  still  growing  and  in 
that  year  produced  the  famous  Ordinance  of  South 
Carolina.  It  was  the  doctrine  of  State's  Rights  which 
enabled  Southern  states  to  exclude  free  persons  of 
color  ;  which  in  1836  compelled  the  Postmaster  Gen- 
eral of  the  United  States,  upon  the  demand  of  State 
officials,  to  exclude  anti-slavery  publications  from  the 
mails  ;  which  produced  the  dissensions  in  the  Supreme 
Court  in  New  York  v.  Miln  (1837)  the  License  Cases 
(1847),  and  the  Passenger  Cases  (1848)  ;  and  which 
drew  from  Mr.  Justice  Barbour  and  Mr.  Justice  Grier 
the  statement  that  the  police  power  reserved  to  the 
States  is  itself  "  complete,  unqualified,  and  exclusive," 
so  that  State  regulations  enacted  under  this  power  are 
superior  to  Federal  statutes  in  authority. 


It  is  clear,  therefore,  that  during  the  time  when 
Southern  influence  was  as  strong  at  Washington  and 
upon  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  as  it  was  for 
many  years  before  the  war,  the  Southern  theories  of 
construction  had  succeeded  in  depriving  the  Federal 
government  of  many  national  attributes.  The  influ- 
ence of  the  doctrine  of  State's  Rights,  as  we  say  in  our 
work,  "  may  be  seen  throughout  the  course  of  decisions 
of  the  Supreme  Court  before  the  Civil  War,  and  al- 
though it  had  the  distinct  disapproval  of  that  court,  it 
was  a  doctrine  which  no  decision  could  overthrow." 
(  "  Commerce  Clause,"  page  37).  The  war  did  not 
change  the  Constitution,  but  gave  it  for  the  first  time 
full  operation.  It  is  in  this  respect  that  the  "  issue  of 
the  Civil  War  finally  established  on  a  new  basis  the  re- 
lations between  the  States  and  the  Federal  govern- 
ment." Whatever  their  legal  relations  had  been  before 
the  war,  they  were  certainly  not  established  in  fact  as 
they  were  afterward.  The  decision  in  Craudall  v.  Ne- 
vada established,  in  1867,  the  right  of  free  movement 
between  all  points  within  the  national  boundary  ;  but 
a  greater  change  could  hardly  have  been  made,  for 
until  then  no  such  right  had  in  fact  existed.  The 
right  to  go  from  Massachusetts  to  South  Carolina,  until 
the  Civil  War  altered  matters,  depended  in  fact  not 
upon  Federal  law  but  upon  State  law, — that  is,  in  these 
matters  there  seemed  to  be  no  national  boundary,  for 
the  citizen  of  the  United  States  knew  only  State  bound- 
aries. 

After  the  subject  of  slavery  first  arose  "  like  an 
alarm  bell  in  the  night,"  until  the  war  disposed  of  se- 
cession, theories  of  disunion  greatly  influenced  consti- 
tutional construction.  State  sovereignty  was  more 
thought  of  than  national  sovereignty.  The  government 
which  began  with  the  Constitution  was  not  completely 
established  as  a  national  government  until  these  ques- 
tions which  dated  from  its  commencement  were  at  last 
settled,  until  the  government  which  had  so  often  been 
called  national  was  given  again  the  national  powers  of 
self-administration  which  had  been  taken  from  it,  and 
the  national  theory  of  construction  had  been  at  last 
adopted  by  the  whole  people. 

E.  PARMALEE  PRENTICE. 
Chicago,  Sept.  7, 1899. 

"BALDOON"  AND  "DAVID  HARUM." 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

As  the  publishers  of  Mr.  Le  Roy  Hooker's  new  book, 
"  Baldoon,"  we  think  it  desirable  to  correct  an  impres- 
sion, shared  by  a  number  of  reviewers,  that  the  work 
must  have  been  written  in  imitation  of  Mr.  Westcott's 
"  David  Harum." 

Singularly  enough,  the  first  accusation  came  from  a 
newspaper  published  in  Mr.  Hooker's  home  city,  the 
Chicago  "  Times-Herald."  Under  the  conspicuous  head- 
line, "  David  Harum  Imitated,"  that  paper  said  in  part: 
"  Such  remarkable  success  has  attended  the  publication 
of  '  David  Harum,'  that  it  is  but  natural  for  other  au- 
thors to  attempt  to  do  something  in  the  same  line.  .  .  . 
The  reader  [of  '  Baldoon 'J  feels  all  the  time  as  if  the 
author  is  saying  to  himself,  '  David  Harum  succeeded 
because  it  was  a  wonderful  character  sketch.  Perhaps 
if  I  do  full  justice  to  all  these  peculiar  people  I  have 
in  mind  I  may  catch  the  public  with  one  of  them.'" 

This  was  followed  by  a  Detroit  paper,  which  began 
its  review  with  the  remark,  "  It  was  inevitable  that  we 
should  have  a  story  reminiscent  of  David  Harum,"  and 
added,  "  It  [Baldoon]  suggests  David  Harum  only  be- 


168 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


cause  one  of  the  characters  is  an  apostle  of  the  homely 
philosophy  of  honest  dealing  and  candor  of  speech." 

These  and  other  direct  accusations,  and  insinuations 
to  the  same  effect,  are  extremely  unjust  to  Mr.  Hooker, 
and  tend  to  hinder  the  success  of  a  work  upon  which  he 
bestowed  long  and  conscientious  labor.  It  is  proper, 
therefore,  for  us  to  say  that  Mr.  Hooker's  novel  was 
completed  nearly  two  years  before  "  David  Harum  " 
was  published,  nnd  the  MS.  was  in  our  possession  nearly 
a  year  before  the  appearance  of  that  work.  This  will, 
we  trust,  be  conclusive  as  to  the  falsity  of  the  injurious 
charges,  and  as  to  the  originality  of  a  work  which,  in 
our  judgment,  has  no  need  to  climb  to  popularity  on 
even  the  broad  shoulders  of  "  David  Harum." 

RAND,  MCNALLY  &  Co. 

ducago,  Sept.  6,  1899. 

BISMARCK'S  DEBT  TO  GOETHE. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THK  DIAL.) 

The  August  number  of  the  Deutsche  Rundschau  con- 
tains a  characteristic  article  on  Goethe  by  Professor 
Herman  Grimm,  son  of  one  of  the  authors  of  the  great 
Grimm  Dictionary  and  son-in-law  of  Bettina  von  Arnim, 
who  played  a  more  or  less  important  role  in  Goethe's 
life  in  Weimar.  As  showing  Professor  Grimm's  opinion 
of  Goethe's  services  to  the  German  language,  and  of 
Bismarck's  debt  to  him,  the  following  extract,  trans- 
lated from  this  article,  has  a  special  interest  in  this 
year  of  Goethe  celebrations: 

"  The  German  of  Goethe  will  be  the  language  of  the 
new  German  Empire,  just  as  the  language  of  Homer 
was  that  of  the  Greek  world,  of  which  the  Iliad  and  the 
Odyssey  were  the  fir.st  monuments,  and  the  Gospel  of 
John  the  last.  How  far  the  dominion  of  Goethe's 
language  may  eventually  extend,  nobody  knows.  The 
first  successor  of  Goethe  is  Bismarck  as  writer  of  his 
own  life,  a  work  that  may  he  called  the  first  German 
work  of  art  written  in  the  language  of  Goethe  without 
showing  a  trace  of  imitation.  Just  as  Goethe's  'Her- 
mann nnd  Dorothea '  would  not  have  been  possible 
without  Homer,  so  Bismarck's  '  Reminiscences  and 
Reflections'  (Erinnerungen  und  Gedanken)  would  not 
be  imaginable  without  Goethe.  Goethe  created  for 
Germany  the  atmosphere  in  which  alone  this  fruit 
ripened."  CHARLES  BUNDY  WILSON. 

The  Univer$ity  qf  Iowa,  Sept.  6,  1899. 


MR.  W.  M.  GRISWOLD,  who  died  last  month  in 
Maine,  his  native  State,  at  the  age  of  forty-six,  will  be 
remembered  gratefully  by  literary  workers  for  his 
useful  bibliographical  work, which  he  prosecuted  chiefly 
aider  the  queer  pseudonym  of  "Q.  P.  Index."  His 
series  of  indexes  include  the  "  North  American  Re- 
Tiew,"  "The  Nation,"  "  Lippincott's  Magazine,"  the 
elder  "  Scnbner,"  the  "  Eclectic,"  "  Harper's  Weekly," 
some  British  and  some  German  historical  magazines, 
essays,  etc.,  and  a  series  of  "  Q.  P.  Annuals."  His 
Descriptive  Lists  of  Novels  were  also  valuable.  He 
was  a  man  of  eccentricities,  and  these  marred  some- 
what the  mechanical  form  of  his  publications,  and  may 
partly  explain  why  he  was  always  his  own  publisher. 
Mr.  Griswold  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  in  1875. 
He  was  the  son  of  the  better  known  Rufua  W.  Gris- 
wold, whose  attacks  upon  Poe  in  his  "  Poets  and  Poetry 
of  America"  have  occasioned  no  little  controversy  ; 
and  bis  last  work,  published  about  a  year  ago,  was  a 
sort  of  vindication  of  his  father  from  criticisms  which 
this  controversy  entailed. 


iThe   «1:U) 


"AMERICAN   TAL.K8"    BY 

VETERAN.* 

Few  critics,  we  fancy,  are  likely — even  in 
this  time  of  the  cult  of  the  newest  and  latest, 
when  the  idol  of  the  day  before  yesterday  finds 
himself  not  uncommonly  the  despised  "  back 
number  "  of  to-day  —  to  hint  that  that  im- 
memorial veteran  of  American  letters,  "  Ik 
Marvel,"  lags  superfluous  on  the  stage  upon 
which  he  made  his  debut  over  half  a  cen- 
tury ago.  "  Ik  Marvel  "  is  a  trusty  perennial 
whose  recurrent  blossoming  gladdens  the  sea- 
son. The  second  volume  of  "  American  Talks  " 
from  the  pen  of  this  unflagging  entertainer  is 
replete  with  pleasant  and  informing  chat  of 
Emerson,  Poe,  Hawthorne,  Longfellow,  Lowell, 
Holmes,  Whittier,  Alcott,  Tboreau,  Ripley, 
Willis,  Fuller-Ossoli,  and  some  lesser  contem- 
porary lights,  that  are  now  dimmed  or  alto- 
gether quenched,  save  in  the  memory  of  the 
living  remnant  of  the  generation  that  knew 
them  in  the  season  of  their  effulgence.  Is  there 
anybody  nowadays  that  knows  anything  of,  for 
instance,  David  Hosack,  R.  II.  Wilde,  C.  F. 
Hoffman,  Thomas  Smith  Grimke,  John  San- 
derson ? —  all  considerable  writers,  if  we  are 
to  credit  our  author,  which  we  implicitly  do. 
Then  there  are  the  Abbotts,  John  S.  C.  and 
Jacob.  Everybody  knows  (vaguely)  of  the 
Abbotts,  of  course.  But  does  anybody  read 
them  ?  Is  the  most  "  general  "  reader  nowa- 
days guileless  enough  to  dip  into  the  rose-water 
histories  of  John  ?  —  or  is  there  any  living  hu- 
man boy  (to  quote  "Mr.  Chadband  ")  who 
could  stand  the  "  Rollo  "  and  "  Jonas  "  of  the 
prolific  Jacob,  or  who  could  not  "  give  points" 
on  worldly  matters  to  that  superior  person  and 
exacting  parent,  "  Mr.  Holiday  "  ?  Across 
Mr.  Mitchell's  page  flits,  too,  the  shade  of  Mrs. 
Sigourney.  It  is  long  since  we  have  seen  men- 
tion of  Mrs.  Sigourney. 

Mr.  Mitchell,  as  we  have  said,  is  a  veteran, 
perhaps  the  veteran,  of  American  letters.  His 
first  book  was  published  in  1847  ;  his  latest, 
not  his  last,  as  we  have  reason  in  his  preface 
to  infer,  now  lies  before  us,  warm  from  the 
press,  quickened  with  alert  and  unflagging  sym- 
pathy with  men  and  books,  a  little  shaded  with 
a  certain  wistful,  half-diffident  regret  for  the 
worthies  and  standards  of  Ion<r  a<n>,  hut  written 

'  A  MICHIGAN  LANDS  AMD  LETTERS.  By  Donald  O.  Mit- 
chell ("Ik  Marvel").  Vol.  11.,  Leath«r»fockinir  to  Foe's 
Raven.  Illustrated.  New  York :  Charles  Scribuer's  Sons. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


169 


in  a  vein  of  intrinsic  grace  and  charm  that  even 
the  most  "  contemporaneous  "-minded  of  the 
generation  whose  spokesman  is  Kipling  may 
well  relish.  Not  that  "  Ik  Marvel  "  has  kept 
pace  with  the  changing  fashion  of  style  (what 
a  far  cry  it  is  in  this  regard  from,  for  example, 
N.  P.  Willis  to  the  author  of  "  Plain  Tales 
from  the  Hills"!),  or  that  he  has,  out  of  def- 
erence to  the  mode,  divested  his  thought  of 
the  somewhat  dandified  garb  in  vogue  at  the 
period  to  which  he  looks  back.  He  is  still 
"  Ik  Marvel,"  as  the  following  passage,  an  ex- 
treme example,  of  course,  may  serve  to  indicate. 
"  There  are  descriptions  of  Parisian  dinners  in  his 
{John  Sanderson's)  '  American  in  Paris '  which  fairly 
scintillate  with  provocatives  of  appetite  and  with  con- 
stellations of  cookery;  all  the  more  tempting  was  his  talk 
of  Apician  delicacies,  since  it  was  broidered  and  savored 
by  abounding  Latinity  and  by  pungent  Roman  flavors 
swirling  down  on  classic  tides  from  the  days  of  Lucnllus." 

Mr.  Mitchell  writes  interestingly  of  Emer- 
son, and  thus  discerningly  points  out  the  source 
of  the  insufficiency,  as  biography,  of  Holmes's 
pleasant  Life  of  the  Concord  sage: 

"...  A  lithe  and  witty  Montaigne  cannot  meas- 
ure for  us  a  broad-shouldered  Plato  ;  he  is  too  much 
and  too  buoyantly  himself  to  write  the  life  of  another. 
Scarce  does  the  pleasant  doctor  begin  his  delightful 
task,  but  his  own  piquant  flavors,  queries,  and  humor 
bubble  up  through  all  the  chinks  of  the  story  and  make 
us  forget  the  subject  —  in  the  narrator.  A  man  who  is 
so  used  to  drawing  attention  to  his  own  end  of  the  table, 
cannot  serve  safely  as  a  pointer  at  someone  else." 

Of  Emerson's  "  aloofness  "  Mr.  Mitchell  goes  on 
to  say,  apropos  of  the  Rev.  Henry  James's  com- 
plaint of  "  his  prim  and  bloodless  friendship  ": 
".  .  .  But  James  —  with  the  warmth  of  the  « New 
Jerusalem  '  in  him — craved  sympathetic  speech  in  those 
who  talked  theologies  with  him  —  a  most  acute,  eager 
man  with  transcendental  ranges  of  thought.  The  estimate 
agrees  with  that  of  many;  few  could  get  near  Emer- 
son; the  Marchioness  Ossoli  never;  Hawthorne  never; 
James  never  ;  an  implacable  acquiescence  closes  the 
doors  between  him  and  very  many  earnest  talkers.  .  . 
About  the  weather,  or  his  neighbor's  pigs,  or  Thoreau's 
bean-patch,  he  could  warm  ;  but  if  one  dropped  such 
topics  for  talk  about  the  soul,  or  immortality,  he  froze; 
on  such  trail  his  thought  was  too  intense  for  any  « bat- 
tledore and  shuttlecock '  interchange  of  phrase." 

Not  so  Alcott,  who,  on  the  slightest  hint 
from  his  unwary  interlocutor  as  to  the  "  soul, 
or  immortality,"  would  go  on,  like  Tennyson's 
brook,  forever  —  or  at  least  till  the  dazed  dis- 
ciple or  victim  broke  away  and  fled,  leaving 
the  button  in  the  grasp  of  the  still  expounding 
oracle.  Emerson,  it  is  true,  spoke  of  Bronson 
Alcott  as  "  a  most  extraordinary  man,  and  the 
highest  genius  of  his  time."  But  does  Mr. 
Mitchell  remember  the  story  of  the  window, 
at  the  rear  of  the  Emerson  house,  which  the 


artless  cicerone  of  the  place  used  not  long 
ago  to  point  out  to  visitors  as  "the  one 
through  which  Mr.  Emerson  used  to  escape 
when  he  saw  Mr.  Alcott  coming  down  the 
garden  path?  "  We  suspect  not ;  for  he  tells 
us,  without  reservation  : 

"  The  sobrieties  and  the  large  dignities  in  which 
the  Orphic  philosopher  wrapped  even  his  shallowest 
speech,  could  not  be  otherwise  than  agreeable  to  the 
man  [Emerson]  who  had  a  horror  of  noise  and  bounce." 

The  "  Orphic  Sayings "  (would  they  find 
lodgment  in  a  magazine  nowadays?)  con- 
tributed to  "  The  Dial  "  in  Miss  Fuller's  time, 
Mr.  Mitchell  makes  bold  to  say  were  "  rather 
mystical  than  profound,"  and  "  most  charac- 
teristic "  of  the  author. 

"  He  delighted  in  forays  into  regions  of  the  unknown 
— with  whatever  timid  or  tentative  steps — and  although 
he  might  have  put  a  vehemence  into  his  expression  that 
would  seem  to  imply  that  he  was  drifting  into  deep 
waters — one  cannot  forbear  the  conviction  that  't  would 
be  easy  for  this  man  of  the  explorative  mentalities  to 
touch  ground  with  his  feet  (if  he  chose) — in  all  the 
bays  where  he  swims." 

Does  Mr.  Mitchell  mean  to  hint  that  the 
fathomless  Alcott,  "  the  highest  genius  of 
his  time,"  deliberately  feigned  to  swim  where 
he  might,  had  he  chosen  to  be  honest,  have 
waded  ankle-deep  ?  An  accurate  colloquial 
version  of  one  of  the  "  Orphic  Sayings  "  might, 
then,  prove  in  a  way  instructive.  We  remember 
a  young  acquaintance  of  ours  once  saying  that 
a  sentence  of  Emerson's  resembles  a  sentence 
of  Alcott's  as  an  apple  resembles  a  puff-ball. 

Mr.  Mitchell  talks  interestingly  of  the  Brook 
Farm  experiment,  and  has  some  kind  words 
for  the  earnest  and  high-minded  "  Archon  "  of 
the  little  community,  George  Ripley.  Ripley, 
it  is  interesting  to  know,  was  not  altogether 
pleased  with  the  "  Blithedale  Romance." 

"  Much  as  he  enjoyed  the  genius  of  Hawthorne,  I 
do  not  think  he  had  kindly  thought  of  the  « Blithedale 
Romance';  not, indeed,  blind  to  its  extraordinary  merit, 
or  counting  it  an  ugly  picture  —  but  as  one  throwing  a 
quasi  pagan  glamour  over  a  holy  undertaking.  I  re- 
member once  asking  him  —  in  that  dingy  Tribune  office 
—  after  the  religious  tendencies,  or  utterances  of  Haw- 
thorne in  those  Brook  Farm  days;  he  said,  bluntly  — 
'There  were  none — no  reverence  in  his  nature.'  Very 
likely  he  would  have  hesitated  before  putting  such 
opinions  in  cold  type.  But  I  could  see  that  old  mem- 
ories were  seething  in  his  thought,  of  that  large  humane 
purpose  into  which  he  had  put  his  heart,  and  whereon 
the  great  Romancer  had  put  only  his  artist  eye." 

Of  the  "great  Romancer,"  Mr.  Mitchell 
draws  the  following  winning  portrait : 

"Mr.  Hawthorne  was  then  (1853)  nearing  fifty  — 
strong,  erect,  broad-shouldered,  alert  —  his  abundant 
hair  touched  with  gray,  his  features  all  cast  in  Greek 
mould  and  his  fine  eyes  full  of  searchingness,  and  yet 


170 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


of  kindliness;  his  voice  deep,  with  weighty  resounding 
quality,  as  if  bearing  echoes  of  things  unspoken;  no 
arrogance,  no  assurance  even,  but  rather  there  hung 
about  his  manner  and  his  speech  a  cloud  of  self-distrust, 
of  mal-aise,  as  if  he  were  on  the  defensive  in  respect  of 
his  own  quietudes,  and  determined  not  to  rest  there. 
Withal,  it  was  a  winning  shyness;  and  when  —  some- 
what later  —  his  jolly  friend  Ticknor  tapped  him  on  the 
shoulder,  and  told  him  bow  some  lad  wanted  to  be  pre- 
sented, there  was  something  painful  in  the  abashed 
manner  with  which  the  famous  author  awaited  a  school- 
boy's homage  —  cringing  under  such  contact  with  con- 
ventional usage  as  a  school-girl  might." 

Mr.  Mitchell's  chapter  on  Poe  amounts  al- 
most, as  with  several  other  of  the  more  con- 
siderable authors  in  his  list,  to  a  brief  biograph- 
ical sketch.  A  foot-note  on  Foe's  biographers 
briefly  summarizes  Mr.  Mitchell's  estimates  of 
their  several  accounts. 

"  Biographies:  by  Griswold,  harsh  in  its  judgments; 
Ingram,  full,  but  over-defensive;  Stoddard,  wholly  fair, 
not  extended;  Woodbury,  faithful,  painstaking,  cleverly 
done,  but  not  wholly  sympathetic;  the  late  Professor 
Minto's  sketch  (British  Encyclopaedia),  very  misleading; 
and  Lang's  note  in  his  piquant  '  Letters  to  Dead  Au- 
thors,' has  kindred  misjudgments." 

While  dealing  charitably  and  with  becoming 
reticence  with  Foe's  failings  as  a  man,  Mr. 
Mitchell  says  : 

"  Whether  by  pre-natal  influences  or  forces  of  educa- 
tion, the  moral  sense  was  never  very  strong  in  the  poet ; 
nor  was  there  in  him  any  harrassing  sense  of  the  want 
of  such  a  sense.  He  used  a  helpful  untruth  as  freely 
and  unrelentingly  as  a  man  —  straying  in  bog-land  — 
would  put  his  foot  upon  a  strong  bit  of  ground  which, 
for  the  time,  held  him  above  the  mire." 

The  death  of  Foe's  child-wife  marked  in  his 
career,  thinks  the  author,  the  beginning  of  an 
epoch  of  general  degeneracy,  the  detailed  story 
of  which  had  better  been  left  untold. 

"  We  have  hardly  a  right  to  regard  what  he  did  after 
this  —  whether  in  the  way  of  writing,  of  love-making, 
or  of  business  projects  —  as  the  work  of  a  wholly  re- 
sponsible creature." 

But  the  taint  in  Foe's  character  is  never  mani- 
fest in  his  verse. 

"  Again,  and  in  highest  praise  of  this  erratic  genius, 
it  must  be  said,  that  in  bis  pages  —  even  in  the  mag- 
ical renderings  of  Baudelaire  —  there  is  no  lewdness  ; 
no  beastly  double-meanings  ;  not  a  line  to  pamper  sen- 
sual appetites;  he  is  clear  and  cool  as  Arctic  mornings." 

Mr.  Mitchell  speaks  in  his  preface  of  "  a 
great  welter  of  provisionary  notes,"  yet  unused, 
touching  Motley,  Whipple,  Holland,  Dr.  Par- 
sons, Melville,  Tuckerman,  the  Duykincks,  and 
others.  We  hope  to  see  this  budget  of  mem- 
oranda embodied  in  a  third  book  of  "  American 
Talks  "  in  the  near  future.  The  volume  is  at- 
tractively made  throughout,  the  profuse  and 
well-chosen  illustrations  forming  a  tempting 
feature.  E.  o.  j. 


RELIGION  IN  GREEK  LITERATURE.* 

The  hopeless  welter  of  uncoordinated  fact 
and  unverified  hypothesis  in  which  the  study 
of  Greek  religion  is  losing  itself  is  due  to  two 
causes.  (1)  The  fundamental  principles  of 
the  science  are  so  involved  with  religious  and 
philosophical  prepossessions  that  it  is  vain  to 
look  for  a  reconciliation  aud  harmonizing  of 
opposite  schools  in  any  generally  accepted  con- 
ception of  the  psychology  of  primitive  man  and 
the  philosophy  of  prehistoric  history.  (2)  The 
historical  verification  of  the  countless  hypothe- 
ses thrown  out  by  learned  ingenuity  is  rarely 
possible  owing  to  the  gaps  in  our  evidence,  and 
even  the  attempt  to  win  a  clear  oversight  of 
the  work  accomplished  is  greatly  embarrassed 
by  the  reluctance  of  scholars  to  admit  any  lim- 
its to  the  amount  of  information  which  plaus- 
ible speculation  may  extract  from  a  defective 
record.  In  so  comparatively  simple  a  matter, 
for  example,  as  the  literary  growth  of  Greek 
legend  from  Homer  to  Pindar  and  the  drama- 
tists, there  is  much  that  we  shall  never  know 
for  the  plain  reason  that  the  literature  is  lost. 
But  a  little  difficulty  like  that  cannot  curb  the 
soaring  genius  of  a  Wilamovitz-Moellendorf. 
He  reconstructs  an  entire  lost  epic  of  Hesiod 
from  three  fragmentary  lines,  and  a  few  no- 
tices in  late  mythological  handbooks  that  may 
or  may  not  be  based  on  Hesiod.  "  Das  ist  ein 
stuck  Ewiger  Poesie,"  he  exclaims,  in  ecstatic 
contemplation  of  his  handiwork ;  and  he  confi- 
dently looks  forward  to  the  time  when  the  "  pro- 
gress of  investigation  "  shall  have  thus  "  recon- 
structed "  all  the  lost  poets  of  Greece  as  a 
basis  for  the  definitive  study  of  Greek  religion 
and  mythology.  But  those  of  us  who  lack  this 
robust  faith  in  divinatory  methods  must  be 
content  to  ask  many  questions  to  which  we  can 
hardly  expect  final  answers. 

What  is  the  relative  weight  and  significance 
for  early  Greek  religion  of  the  various  "  true 
courses  "  indicated  by  the  terms  totem  ism,  tree 
worship,  disease  of  language ;  which  is  the 
more  important  factor,  Aryan  personification 
of  nature,  the  misunderstanding  of  ritual  prac- 
tices, or  half-conscious  poetical  symbolism? 
Are  the  earliest  allusions  in  extant  literature 
to  a  deity  or  a  religious  conception  "  germs  " 
or  "  interpolations  "?  What  is  the  date  of  ori- 
gin and  the  significance  of  the  religious  mys- 
ticism associated  with  the  name  of  Orpheus? 
Which  of  the  Greek  cults  and  gods  are  autoch- 

•RBUOIOM  IK  GREEK  LITERATURE.  By  Lewis  Campbell. 
New  York :  Longmans,  Green,  «fc  Co. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


171 


thonous  or  "  Pelasgic,"  and  which  came  in  from 
Phrygia,  ^Egypt,  or  Phoenicia  ?  Are  the  Ary- 
ans or  the  Semites  in  possession  of  the  key  to 
all  Greek  mythologies  ?  Are  resemblances  be- 
tween apparently  disparate  cults  to  be  ex- 
plained as  coincidences  or  as  "  contaminations  "? 
On  what  lines  were  the  various  cults  diffused 
through  Greece, — from  North  to  South  or  from 
East  to  West,  by  land  or  by  sea  ?  To  every 
one  of  these  questions  something  in  our  frag- 
mentary evidence  suggests  a  conceivable,  some- 
times a  plausible,  answer.  The  "  investigator  " 
marshals  an  appalling  erudition  in  the  effort 
to  convert  these  possibilities  to  certainties.  His 
position  is  that  of  the  coming  New  Zealander, 
if  after  two  thousand  years  he  finds  himself 
confronted  with  about  half  of  the  best  English 
poetry,  and  a  miscellaneous  collection  of  docu- 
ments recovered  from  the  corner-stones  of 
American  churches,  and  attempts  therewith  to 
reconstruct  not  merely  the  general  trend  of 
religious  and  ethical  thought  in  the  Nineteenth 
century,  but  the  local  history  of  every  Amer- 
ican sect  and  parish,  and  behind  that  the  origin, 
diffusion,  and  history  of  Christianity  in  Europe. 

In  this  state  of  the  science  I  am  inclined  to 
congratulate  Professor  Campbell  that  his  "  Re- 
ligion in  Greek  Literature  " —  a  "  Sketch  in 
Outline,"  as  he  modestly  terms  it  —  is  not  an 
"  investigation,"  and  will  probably,  like  Pater's 
admirable  "  Plato  and  Platonism,"  be  dismissed 
by  the  "  selten  eischeinende  Monatschrift " 
with  the  remark,  "  bringt  nichts  neues."  It 
does  not  bring  anything  new  in  the  way  of  bold 
original  generalization  and  hypothesis,  or  even 
of  patient  gathering  of  hitherto  uncollected  fact. 
But  the  combination  in  Professor  Campbell  of 
sobriety  and  sanity  of  judgment  with  sound  and 
intimate  knowledge  of  the  religious  thought  of 
the  great  Greek  writers,  and  a  pleasant  and  read- 
able style  —  these  things  will  be  new  and  very 
grateful  to  the  amateur  in  these  difficult  matters. 

As  his  title  implies,  Professor  Campbell  deals 
rather  with  the  religious  thought  of  Greece  as 
reflected  in  the  poets  and  philosophers  than 
with  picturesque  superstitions  and  survivals,  or 
the  traditional  cults  and  conventional  half  be- 
liefs of  the  multitude.  In  the  technical  science 
of  religions  he  is,  as  his  pretty  Greek  epigram 
avows,  a  late  learner  of  a  new-fangled  wisdom. 
But  he  has  a  life-long  familiarity  with  the  best 
that  was  thought  and  said  in  Greece,  and  there 
are  probably  few  specialists  in  Greek  religion 
who  could  write  as  sanely,  as  comprehensively, 
and  as  sympathetically  as  he  has  done  of  the 
religion  of  Herodotus,  Euripides,  Socrates,  and 
Plato.  And  it  is  well  that  scholars,  in  their 


preoccupation  with  detail,  should  be  reminded 
that  our  primary  concern  in  this  matter  is  not 
the  curiosities  and  the  quaintnesses  of  folk-lore 
and  popular  religion,  but  the  thought  of  the 
few  supreme  spirits  of  Greece  : 

"That  few  is  all  the  world  which  with  a  few 
Doth  ever  live  and  move  and  work  and  strive." 

It  may  even  be  that  the  clear  utterances  of  the 
few  will  tell  us  more  of  the  serious  and  abiding 
beliefs  of  the  many  than  we  can  learn  from 
any  literal  catalogue  of  quaint  practices  and 
superstitious  fancies  nominally  surviving  among 
them.  In  Xeuophon's  "  Economist,"  Ischo- 
machus  instructs  his  child-wife  in  a  gentle  and 
wholesome  form  of  Socratic  natural  religion. 
It  may  well  be,  as  Professor  Campbell  sensibly 
observes,  that  "  this  glimpse  of  an  Attic  inte- 
rior, idealized  though  it  may  be,  teaches  us  more 
about  Attic  religion  than  the  information  that 
the  person  thus  instructed  had  danced  the  bear 
dance  at  ten  years  old,  or  had  carried  the  bas- 
ket in  honor  of  Athene  at  fifteen."  And  in 
another  place  he  shows  entertainingly  what 
strange  conceptions  of  the  religious  life  of  Scot- 
land might  be  conveyed  by  a  travelling  folk- 
lorist  who  should  describe  the  rites  of  the  local 
Bacchus,  John  Barleycorn,  and  enumerate  vari- 
ous quaint  observances  alluded  to  by  Burns  and 
still  kept  up,  such  as  burning  hazel-nuts  on  the 
hearth-stone,  hanging  out  horse  shoes  as  a  pro- 
tection against  the  evil  eye,  making  offerings  at 
sacred  wells  to  which  the  sick  and  infirm  are 
brought  for  healing,  touching  cold  iron  after  en- 
countering a  pig,  etc.  It  will  be  a  pity  if  the  ana- 
logues of  these  things  in  Greece  should  obscure 
for  us  Homer  and  Plato  and  Matthew  Arnold's 
four  prophets  of  the  imaginative  reason,  Pin- 
dar, Simonides,  Sophocles,  and  JEschylus. 

Space  fails  to  follow  with  Professor  Camp- 
bell the  process  by  which  the  naive  but  beau- 
tiful and  wholesome  anthropomorphism  of 
Homer  developed  into  the  sublime  monotheism 
(for  this  it  virtually  is)  of  the  great  religious 
odes  of  2Eschylus  and  Sophocles.  Nor  can  we 
pause  to  trace  the  parallel  growth  of  ethical 
reflection  whereby  the  prudential  or  political 
morality  of  Hesiod,  Theognis,  and  the  gnomic 
poets  was  transformed  into  the  ideal  and  abso- 
lute ethics  of  Plato,  perhaps  the  first  European 
to  affirm  that  God  is  not  jealous,  that  punish- 
ment should  never  be  vindictive,  and  that  the 
good  man  will  never  harm  even  his  enemy. 
The  pages  on  Socrates,  and  the  summing  up 
on  Euripides  are  especially  good. 

These  chapters  were  originally  written  for 
the  Gifford  lectureship  on  religion,  to  which 
Professor  Campbell  was  elected  by  his  col- 


172 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


leagues  upon  his  retirement  from  the  chair  of 
Greek  at  St.  Andrews.     A  few  inaccuracies, 
to  be  expected  in  the  manuscript  of  lectures, 
seemed  to  have  escaped  the  author's  eye  in  the 
revision  for  the  press.     Horace's  line  in  cute 
curandaplus  aequo  operetta  juventus  is  quoted 
from  memory  nimium  studiosa  juventus  (p. 
88).     The  maxim  "  to  give  is  nobler  than  to 
receive  "  is  quoted  as  from  Hesiod's  »«  Works 
and  Days."     The  student  will  seek  it  there  in 
vain.     In  a  few  instances  the  passages  cited 
are  wrongly  translated.     Pindar  did  not  say 
(P-  176),  »*  in  all  that  is  pretty  there  is  com- 
pnlsion,"  but  "  compulsion  [necessity]  makes 
anything  honorable" — justifies  anything.  Aris- 
tophanes, if  the  reference  on  page  21  is  to  the 
well-known  passage  of  the  "  Clouds,"  does  not 
speak  of  "  filling  up  the  image  of  virtue,"  but 
of  "  polluting  the  image  of  modesty."    The  ren- 
derings of  Heracleitus  on  page  91  are  inexact. 
Fr.  91,  for  example,  is  not  "  We  can  speak 
with  confidence  only  while  we  follow  the  thought 
which  comprehends  all  things,  even  as  the  law 
of  the  state  controls  all  things,  only  much  more 
firmly,"  but  "those  who  speak  with  intelli- 
gence  must  hold  fast  by  the  universal,  even 
as  a  city  holds  fast  by  its  law,  and  even  more 
firmly."    The  text  of  the  Pindaric  passage  on 
page  173  must  follow  some  strangely  obsolete 
edition.     For  Ermine  Rolide  (page  246  and 
index)  read  Erwin.    It  is  misleading  to  speak 
(page  322)  of  a  contradiction  between  phys- 
ical and  moral  courage  in  the  "  Laches."    The 
"  Laches  "  does  not  mention  moral  courage  in 
our  sense  of  the  word.     In  a  few  other  cases 
the  views  of  the  latest  and  best  authorities  have 
been  ignored.     Few  scholars  now  mistake  for 
intentional  caricature  the  naive  archaism  of 
the  Arcesilaus  vase  (page  167).     The  purer 
spirituality  of  Aphrodite  Ousania  is  probably 
a  Platonic  fancy,  and  the  contrasted  epithet 
Pandemos   has   purely  political   significance. 
Demeter  Achaia  is  probably  simply  Achaean 
Demeter  and  not  "Our  Lady  of  Sorrows." 
The   Semitic   origin  of   the  Gephyraeans  is 
rightly  rejected  by  Toepfer,  and  the  specula- 
tions about  the  Semitic  strain  in  Harmodius 
and  Aristogeiton  are  purely  fantastic. 

These  trifling  inadvertencies  in  no  wise  impair 
the  value  of  this  readable  and  helpful  sketch  in 
outline  of  a  great  subject  —  a  worthy  parergon 
of  the  author's  more  serious  studies.  That  he 
may  enjoy  his  Italian  retirement  for  many  fruit- 
ful years,  and  crown  his  work  with  the  promised 
Platonic  Lexicon,  will  be  the  hope  of  all  his 
friends  and  admirers.  PAUL  SHOREY. 


SEEN  WITH  JAPANESE  EYES.* 

It  was  the  brilliant  observation  of  a  wise 
man  that  in  the  foreigner  we  have  contempor- 
aneous posterity.  The  dispassionate  eyes  of 
those  who  are  to  come  after  us  exist,  in  all 
their  critical  possibilities,  just  across  the  nar- 
row line  of  nationality.  If  this  is  true  of  the 
nations  of  Europe  in  respect  of  one  another, 
how  much  more  true  is  it  of  Japan  and  its  re- 
lations with  Christendom !  For  the  first  time 
since  the  days  of  Saladin  and  the  Saracens,  a 
nation  as  alert  mentally  as  any  professing  faith 
in  the  Cross  is  looking  with  clear  eyes  through 
the  centuries,  selecting  with  marked  abilities 
the  good  in  our  polity,  rejecting  with  scrupul- 
osity all  that  seems  to  serve  no  useful  end,  bring- 
ing itself  into  accord  with  the  facts  of  the 
modern  world,  and  so  within  a  generation  or 
two  accomplishing  by  a  process  of  artificial  evo- 
lution all  that  we  Occidentals  wrought  through 
dark  and  bloody  ages. 

Mr.  Stafford  Ransome,  an  engineer  of  re- 
pute, and  for  a  time  the  correspondent  in  Japan 
of  the  "  Morning  Post "  of  London,  has  pre- 
pared a  book  which  has  for  its  object  the  bring- 
ing within  Western  comprehension  the  pro- 
gress of  the  Japanese  Empire  since  the  over- 
throw of  China.  But  while  giving  us  the 
opportunity  to  see  with  his  trained  powers  of 
observation  what  it  is  that  has  taken  place  in 
that  country,  he  incidentally  provides  a  pair  of 
Eastern  spectacles  wherewith  we  may  see  our- 
selves. This,  we  are  sure,  is  the  greater  achieve- 
ment of  the  two,  and  by  much  the  more  inter- 
esting. 

Mr.  Ransome  has  done  wisely  in  endeavor- 
ing at  the  outset  to  overthrow  any  conception 
of  these  most  capable  people  which  the  traveler 
may  base  upon  life  in  the  treaty  ports.  He 
institutes  a  parallel  between  that  and  the  judg- 
ment a  Japanese  might  form  of  England  if 
there  were  established,  say  at  Wapping  Old 
Stairs,  a  foreign  commercial  community  which 
did  not  acquire  the  speech  of  the  country,  but 
lived  its  own  life  in  its  own  manner,  preserv- 
ing its  customs  and  costumes,  and  violently 
abusing  in  its  own  press  all  that  it  found  in 
the  stranger  land  inharmonious  with  its  own 
ideas,  chiefly  because  the  English  workmen, 
interpreters,  cabmen,  and  the  like,  were  not 
educated  gentlemen.  In  doing  this  he  goes 
further,  and  calls  attention  to  the  notions  of 

•JAPAN  IN  TRANSITION:  A  ComparatiTe  Study  of  the 
ProgreM,  Policy,  and  Methods  of  the  Japanese  Since  Their 
War  with  China.  By  Stafford  Ransome.  New  York:  Harper 
A  Brother*. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


173 


morality  these  sojourners  would  form  of  the 
English,  basing  their  conclusions  on  the  dis- 
orders incident  to  a  seafaring  and  transient 
population. 

The  writer  does  not  say,  as  he  might  have 
said,  that  with  many  men  environment  serves 
for  morality,  and  the  laying  off  of  accustomed 
associations  too  often  serves  as  an  excuse  for 
hideous  immorality;  but  he  calls  attention  to 
the  fact  that  the  complaints  brought  against 
the  Japanese  by  Europeans  are  largely  of  hab- 
its formed  in  compliance  with  European  de- 
mands, and,  as  far  as  native  wit  will  serve,  on 
European  models ;  and  he  goes  further,  and 
in  an  illuminating  passage  replies  to  the  foreign 
critic  by  showing  that  all  he  urges  against  the 
morality  of  this  Oriental  race  the  Japanese 
sends  back  in  kind  as  an  accusation  against 
foreigners  as  he  has  seen  them.  This  is  as  it 
should  be,  and  it  may  serve  to  destroy  that 
cocksureness  in  the  virtues  of  our  own  civiliza- 
tion which  leads  us  to  obtrude  it  upon  others. 

One  of  the  recent  speeches  of  Count  Okuma 
is  translated  for  our  benefit : 

"  Comparing  Europeans  with  Japanese,  I  do  not  think 
that  the  Europeans  then  [thirty  years  ago]  in  Japan 
were  a  particularly  high  class  of  persons  ;  nor  do  I  think 
that  those  here  now  are  particularly  high  class.  On 
the  whole,  I  think  they  would  not  have  been  reckoned 
higher  than  middle-class  in  Europe.  Among  diplo- 
matic officials  there  may  have  been  men  of  high  stand- 
ing, but  the  general  run  of  merchants  were  of  the  middle 
and  lower  classes.  Middle  and  lower  classes  though 
they  did  belong  to,  however,  when  we  compare  them 
with  the  Japanese  of  the  time,  how  great  was  the  dif- 
ference in  the  degree  of  their  civilization.  The  for- 
eigners living  in  Yokohama,  Nagasaki,  and  so  forth, 
seemed  to  know  everything,  and  were  many  degrees 
superior  to  the  Japanese.  Their  ideas  were  so  large 
that  the  Japanese  were  astounded.  I  was  a  student  at 
the  time,  and  I  remember  that  on  one  occasion,  think- 
ing that  a  certain  foreigner  was  a  wonderful  scholar,  I 
went  to  ask  him  a  question,  but  when  I  look  back  now 
I  recognize  that  he  was  not  even  equal  to  a  Japanese 
middle-school  graduate.  Still,  I  was  surprised  at  the 
explanations  I  received  from  him." 

Here,  in  a  word,  is  set  forth  the  facts  to 
which  we  so-called  progressive  nations  must 
accustom  ourselves.  If  this  is  news  to  us,  so 
is  much  of  similar  purport  which  Mr.  Ransome 
brings.  He  warns  us  more  than  once  against 
mistaking  the  present  condition  of  Japan  for  a 
new  thing  brought  about  by  the  waging  of  a 
particularly  successful  war.  What  the  sub- 
jects of  the  Mikado  are  to-day  they  have  been 
fitting  themselves  for  from  a  time  really  an- 
terior to  the  epoch-making  voyage  and  diplo- 
macy of  Matthew  Calbraith  Perry.  The  perti- 
nent question  of  "  Who,  among  the  Europeans, 


brought  it  about  ?  "  is  answered  decisively,  with- 
out pretence  of  modesty,  and  convincingly.  It 
certainly  was  not  the  leading  merchants  of  for- 
eign birth,  nor  their  consuls,  nor  even  their 
ministers  and  ambassadors.  It  was  not  even 
any  one  conspicuous  in  the  European  colonies 
in  the  various  treaty  ports.  As  will  be  shown 
presently  in  more  detail,  it  was  not  the  mis- 
sionaries, though  these  contributed  to  the  result 
with  fine  unconsciousness.  Who,  then,  was  it? 

Two  classes  of  educated  persons,  chiefly 
Englishmen  and  Americans ;  one  of  them 
laboring  in  the  educational  world  as  professors 
in  the  Imperial  University  and  other  state 
colleges, —  men,  as  the  author  writes,  who 
"  were  leading  a  more  or  less  retired  life,  so 
far  as  the  rest  of  the  European  world  in 
Japan  was  concerned  "  ;  the  other  laboring  in 
the  manufacturing  world  as  engineers  and 
executive  officers,  and  also  remote  from  their 
countrymen  socially.  It  is  only  natural  that 
these  unobtrusive  elements  in  the  shaping  of 
modern  Japan  should  be  overlooked,  until  an 
engineer,  who  is  by  reason  of  his  attainments 
to  be  classed  among  them,  brings  them  into 
the  light ;  but  it  is  not  quite  what  we  were 
expecting. 

Hardly  less  to  be  foreseen  is  the  entirely 
candid  estimate  which  is  set  upon  the  mission- 
aries and  their  work.  In  the  beginning  of 
their  career  in  Japan,  each  mission  sought  to 
gain  the  support  of  the  natives  by  the  same 
means  now  used  in  social  settlements  among 
our  own  less  favored  communities.  Chief  of 
these  were  schools,  both  secular  and  religious. 
Coming  at  a  time  when  the  Japanese  were 
seeking  knowledge  with  an  avidity  we  can 
hardly  conceive,  these  schools  were  most  suc- 
cessful. But,  Mr.  Ransome  points  out,  this 
was  only  until  the  government  could  make  its 
own  intelligent  arrangements  for  the  instruc- 
tion of  its  people ;  and  to-day  the  mission 
school  which  does  not  afford  a  better  educa- 
tion than  the  government  has  ceased  to  exist 
as  a  factor  in  Japanese  life.  Most  of  them, 
indeed,  have  had  to  be  secularized  in  order  to 
survive.  And  as  for  the  scholars,  they  gained 
their  education,  and,  not  finding  Christianity 
useful,  let  it  fall  into  desuetude. 

If  Japan  is  to  become  Christian  at  all,  the 
book  concludes,  it  will  be  by  some  such  process 
as  the  missionaries  to  northern  Europe  were 
familiar  with  hundreds  of  years  ago,  when  the 
king  declared  for  the  new  faith  and  his  sub- 
jects meekly  followed  him  into  the  fold.  It 
may  suit  the  purposes  of  the  Japanese  govern- 


174 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


ment,  if  it  can  see  the  good  to  be  gained  by 
it,  to  tarn  the  people  to  the  Cross.  If  the  man- 
date is  given,  it  will  be  obeyed.  If  it  is  not 
given,  the  people  will  remain  as  they  are.  The 
one  thoroughly  effective  missionary  establish- 
ment in  Japan  to-day,  says  Mr.  Kansome,  is 
conducted  by  French  Jesuits. 

Space  does  not  permit  consideration  of  other 
things  in  this  excellent  work,  though  many  are 
of  almost  equal  interest.  There  is  a  chapter 
on  the  modern  drama  which  is  a  masterpiece 
of  unintentional  criticism  of  us  by  the  native 
actors.  The  business  man  will  find  pages 
devoted  to  his  needs,  which  he  cannot  afford 
to  neglect.  Students  in  many  widely  different 
fields  of  human  endeavor  will  find  matters 
falling  within  the  scope  of  their  specialties. 
The  book  is  well  printed,  and  excellently 
illustrated  with  half-tone  reproductions  of 
photographs.  WALLACE  RICE. 


RECENT  FICTION.* 


"The  Launching  of  a  Man  "  seems  to  us  the  best 
piece  of  work  thus  far  done  by  Mr.  Stanley  Water- 
loo. It  is  the  story  of  a  young  man  carried  through 
his  college  life  and  into  the  busy  world  from  which 
he  expects  to  carve  out  his  fortune.  It  is  also  a 
lore  story  of  a  very  simple  and  wholesome  sort. 
When  it  ends,  the  hero  has  won  both  his  wife  and 

THE  LATNCIIINO  OF  A  MAN.  By  Stanley  Waterloo. 
Chicago :  Rand,  McNally  A  Co. 

A  FA  IK  H  Kin  AND.  By  George  Horton.  Chicago:  Her- 
bert S.  Stone  A  Co. 

KINO  OB  K.VAVK.  WHICH  WINS?  By  William  Henry 
Johnson.  Boston :  Little,  Brown,  A  Co. 

A  GENTLEMAN  PLATER.  By  Robert  Neilson  Stephens. 
Boston :  L.  C.  Page  &  Co. 

THE  LADDER  OF  FORTUNE.  By  Frances  Coartenay  Bay- 
lor. Boston :  Hough  ton,  Mifflin  A  Co. 

A  TENT  OF  GRACE.  By  Adelina  Cohnfeldt  Lost.  Boston  : 
Honghton,  Mifflin  A  Co. 

THE  MANDATE.  A  Norel.  By  T.  Baron  Russell.  New 
York :  John  Lane. 

ADRIAN  ROME.  A  Contemporary  Portrait.  By  Ernest 
Dowson  and  Arthur  Moore.  New  York :  Henry  Holt  A  Co. 

Mias  CAYLET'S  ADVENTURES.  By  Grant  Allen.  New 
York :  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

WHEN  THE  SLEEPER  WAKES.  By  H.  G.  Wells.  New 
York :  Harper  A  Brothers. 

A  PRINCESS  OF  VABCOVY.  By  John  Ozenham.  New 
York :  G.  W.  Dillinfcham  Co. 

A  DASH  FOR  A  THRONE.  By  Arthur  W.  Marchmont. 
New  York :  New  Amsterdam  Book  Co. 

CASTLE  CZVAROAS.  A  Romance.  By  Archibald  Birt. 
New  York :  Longmans,  Green,  A  Co. 

THE  GARDEN  of  SWORDS.  By  Max  Pemberton.  New 
York:  Dodd.  Mead  A  Co. 

IN  VAIN.  By  Henryk  Sienkiewicz.  Translated  from  the 
Polish  by  Jeremiah  Curtin.  Boston :  Little,  Brown,  A  Co. 

PROFESSOR  HIERONYMUS.  Translated  from  the  Danish  of 
Araalie  Skrara  by  Alice  Stronach  and  G.  B.  Jaoobi.  New 
York :  John  Lane. 


his  place  among  the  hard  workers  of  the  world.  Two 
things  are  very  marked  about  this  hook.  One  of 
them  is  the  author's  sympathy  for  the  weaknesses  of 
average  humanity,  or  his  belief  that  the  upright  life 
is  achieved  not  by  a  straight  path,  but  rather  by  one 
that  zigzags  its  way  along  with  many  missteps.  The 
other  is  the  curious  and  loving  intimacy  which  he 
displays  with  the  things  of  nature — with  the  woods 
and  fields  and  the  living  things  that  inhabit  them. 
It  is  the  intimacy  that  only  a  country  boyhood  knows, 
and  that  most  men  lose  when  other  interests  super- 
sede. Mr.  Waterloo  has  preserved  this  feeling  for 
nature  in  all  its  freshness,  and  his  best  pages  are 
those  which  are  given  over  to  its  expression.  As  to 
construction,  this  novel  is  well-planned,  although  the 
closing  episode  of  the  race  to  record  a  deed  seems 
to  be  affixed  like  an  incongruous  bay-window.  The 
graces  of  style  are  not  given  to  the  writer,  but  he 
commands  homely  and  acceptable  English  of  a  vig- 
orous sort. 

When  we  took  up  Mr.  George  Morton's  Greek 
story  of  "  A  Fair  Brigand,"  we  feared  another  idyl 
in  the  manner  of  his  "  Constantino,"  dealing  mainly 
with  native  types,  and  seeking  after  poetic  effect 
more  than  dramatic  incident.  But  we  found  instead 
an  exciting  story  of  the  same  general  type  as  About's 
••  Roi  des  Montagues,"  with  a  similarly  stirring  plot, 
and  the  substitution  of  exaggerated  American  humor 
for  the  more  delicate  French  wit.  Mr.  Horton  is 
a  journalist,  and  the  temptation  to  burlesque  the  de- 
vices of  "  enterprising  "  newspapers  and  their  spe- 
cial correspondents  was  doubtless  strong,  yet  this 
introduces  a  broadly  farcical  element  into  what  would 
otherwise  be  consistent  serio-comedy.  The  hero  of 
this  tale  is  a  student  in  the  American  school  at 
Athens,  which  institution  the  author  has  viewed  at 
first  hand,  but  with  sufficient  detachment  of  mind  to 
enable  him  to  discover  the  humorous  aspects  of  this 
nest  of  archaeologists.  The  termination  of  the  story 
is  abrupt  and  unsatisfactory. 

Henry  of  Navarre  has  furnished  material  for 
more  than  one  romancer,  and  his  appearance  in  Mr. 
W.  H.  Johnson's  "The  King's  Henchman  "  will  be 
pleasantly  remembered  by  assiduous  readers  of  cur- 
rent fiction.  In  "  King  or  Knave,"  by  the  same  au- 
thor, we  have  a  continuation  of  the  story  of  Jean 
Fourcade,  combined  with  the  courtship  of  the  King 
and  Gabrielle  d'Estre'es.  The  story  of  the  Armada 
is  introduced  in  the  early  chapters,  to  be  followed 
by  the  conflict  of  the  royalists  with  the  League,  the 
assassinations  of  both  Guise  and  the  King,  and  the 
triumphal  progress  of  the  Be"arnain  to  Ivry  and  the 
certainty  of  the  throne.  It  is  Henry  the  ardent  and 
unscrupulous  lover  rather  than  Henry  the  warrior 
who  is  presented  to  us  in  these  pages,  and  the  figure 
is  not  a  sympathetic  one.  As  for  Gabrielle,  it  must 
be  admitted  that  she  accepted  dishonor  with  her 
eyes  open,  and  neither  the  book  of  history  nor  the 
novel  now  before  us  can  make  of  her  a  heroine  to 
love  and  admire.  Mr.  Johnson  has  certainly  caught 
the  trick  of  the  conventional  romance  of  history  and 
deals  with  his  material  in  very  pretty  fashion. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


175 


In  "  A  Gentleman  Player,"  Mr.  R.  N.  Stephens 
adds  noticeably  to  the  laurels  already  won  for  him 
by  "  An  Enemy  to  the  King  "  and  "  The  Road  to 
Paris."  The  "  gentleman  player  "  of  this  romance 
of  Elizabethan  England  is  one  of  the  performers  at 
the  Globe  Theatre,  reduced  to  this  state  of  reverses, 
although  a  gentleman  born  and  bred.  The  author 
is  even  daring  enough  to  introduce  the  figure  of 
Shakespeare  himself  into  the  opening  chapters,  and 
to  set  speech  upon  his  lips.  But  the  Globe  and  the 
City  are  soon  left  behind,  for  the  substance  of  the 
story  relates  to  a  wild-goose  chase  which  the  hero 
leads  the  Queen's  poursuivant,  impersonating  the 
friend  whom  he  seeks  to  save  from  arrest,  and  with 
such  success  that  for  five  days  of  exciting  flight 
northwards,  the  pursuer  follows  the  false  trail  thus 
laid,  and  misses  his  real  object  altogether.  There  is 
a  heroine,  of  course,  and  equally  of  course  she  is 
cold  and  haughty  until  the  closing  chapters,  when 
she  melts  in  the  approved  fashion  of  all  such  hero- 
ines. The  author  has  devised  some  extremely  clever 
situations,  chief  among  them  being  that  in  which 
the  "  gentleman  player,"  caught  at  last,  contrives  to 
escape  by  enacting  the  part  of  Tybalt  in  a  provin- 
cial performance  of  "  Romeo  and  Juliet,"  given  by 
his  former  associates  in  a  town  where  his  captors 
have  been  delayed  for  a  few  hours. 

It  is  difficult  to  discover  the  author  of  so  sweet 
and  graceful  a  novel  as  "  Claudia  Hyde  "  in  "  The 
Ladder  of  Fortune,"  Mrs.  Frances  Courtenay  Bay- 
lor Barnum's  latest  work.  Somehow  or  other,  the 
characters  with  whom  she  deals  seem  to  react  upon 
her  expression,  and  in  the  present  case,  since  the 
characters  are  hopelessly  commonplace  and  vulgar, 
the  effect  is  unfortunate.  The  book  tells  the  story 
of  an  uneducated  and  unimaginative  American,  with 
an  extraordinary  talent  for  making  money,  and  of 
his  wife,  a  woman  of  the  hard,  vulgar,  unsympa- 
thetic sort,  with  an  equal  talent  for  elbowing  her 
way  into  society.  It  is  simply  the  record  of  her 
progress  up  the  social  ladder,  from  the  frontier  town 
in  which  the  start  is  made  to  those  circles  of  wealthy 
Americans  and  Europeans  into  which  it  is  possible 
for  the  energetic  parvenu  to  effect  an  entrance. 
The  two  characters  are  remorselessly  depicted,  and 
the  writer's  attitude  toward  them  is  one  of  mingled 
admiration  and  loathing.  It  is  hardly  needful  to  re- 
mark that  no  writer  who  thus  stands  outside  his 
characters  can  make  them  live.  By  way  of  con- 
trast, we  get  near  the  end  some  refreshing  glimpses 
of  an  unspoiled  daughter  of  these  parents,  and  in 
the  story  of  her  love,  the  charm  of  simple  and  whole- 
some ideals  of  life  finds  its  way  into  the  story.  But 
the  total  impression  is  unpleasant,  and  we  wonder 
that  Mrs.  Barnum  should  have  had  the  resolution 
to  write  such  a  book. 

"  A  Tent  of  Grace  "  is  a  Rhineland  story  of  the 
middle  nineteenth  century.  The  heroine  is  a  Jew- 
ish girl,  rescued  as  a  child  from  a  life  of  wretched- 
ness, and  adopted  into  the  family  of  the  village 
pastor.  She  grows  up  to  be  a  very  beautiful  girl, 
and  the  son  of  the  family  falls  in  love  with  her,  thus 


putting  to  naught  the  ambitions  of  his  parents,  and 
raising  the  question  of  race  and  religion  in  all  its 
bitterness.  As  a  child,  the  heroine  had  been  beaten 
nearly  to  death  by  a  crowd  of  angry  Christian 
children,  and  the  same  spirit  of  Judenhetze  pursues 
her  into  the  after  years,  and  finally  causes  her  murder 
at  the  hands  of  a  mob  of  fanatical  rustics.  Here  is 
evidently  the  material  for  an  effective  story,  and  it 
must  be  said  that  Mrs.  Lust  is  thoroughly  conver- 
sant with  the  scenes  and  situations  of  which  she 
writes.  But  unfortunately  she  has  no  delicacy  of 
style,  and  the  chromo-coloring  of  the  heightened 
episodes,  as  well  as  the  awkward  touches  bestowed 
upon  the  details,  are  a  constant  offence  to  a  refined 
taste.  We  should  judge  that  English  was  an  ac- 
quired idiom  rather  than  the  birthright  of  the  novel- 
ist, and  the  very  considerable  force  of  the  book  is 
offset  by  the  failure  to  attain  to  felicitous  express- 
ion. 

"  The  Mandate  "  is  a  novel  of  hypnotism,  insom- 
nia, and  insanity.  Lest  this  cheerful  summary  re- 
pel prospective  readers,  we  hasten  to  add  that, 
granted  the  unpleasant  stuff  with  which  the  writer 
has  had  to  work,  the  novel  is  an  example  of  skilful 
workmanship  considerably  above  the  average.  We 
always  suspect  hypnotism  as  a  motive  in  fiction  ;  it 
is  apt  to  lend  itself  to  the  cheapest  sort  of  sensa- 
tionalism, and  to  imaginings  in  the  name  of  science 
which  science  would  indignantly  disavow.  But  in 
the  present  case,  the  motive  seems  to  be  used  in  a 
legitimate  way.  The  hypnotist  is  a  gentleman  who 
happens  to  be  in  love  with  the  wife  of  his  subject 
(the  latter  being  a  most  objectionable  person  of  the 
cad  or  bounder  variety),  and  suggests  to  him  when 
in  a  trance,  that  he  will  die  at  a  certain  hour  on  the 
following  day.  The  hour  comes,  and  the  man  dies, 
but  the  situation  is  saved  scientifically  by  presenting 
physical  conditions  amply  sufficient  to  account  for 
his  taking  off,  without  invoking  the  explanation  of 
the  hypnotic  suggestion.  The  real  centre  of  inter- 
est is  not  in  the  death  of  this  most  superfluous  hus- 
band, but  in  the  mental  condition  of  the  hypnotist. 
The  latter  firmly  believes  that  he  has  committed 
murder,  and  it  is  from  this  conviction  that  we  pass 
into  the  tragedy  of  insomnia  and  insanity  that  ends 
the  tale.  As  a  psychological  study,  it  is  worked  out 
with  considerable  power,  and  the  novel  displays  so 
much  general  ability  that  it  is  really  far  more  inter- 
esting than  this  outline  would  indicate. 

"  Adrian  Rome  "  is  a  novel  of  modern  English 
society,  having  for  its  hero  one  of  those  "  problem- 
atic characters  "  described  by  Goethe,  and  so  typi- 
cal of  our  modern  age  that  many  a  novelist,  both 
before  and  after  Herr  Spielhagen,  has  been  im- 
pelled to  deal  with  them.  Through  defect  of  will 
and  lack  of  a  definite  purpose  he  makes  a  failure  of 
a  life  that  seems  to  offer  every  opportunity  of  suc- 
cess. Weakly  renouncing  the  love  that  might  have 
given  him  strength  to  live,  he  enters  into  an  alli- 
ance of  the  formal  sort  that  leaves  the  springs  of 
feeling  untouched,  and  a  tragic  ending  is  the  only 
way  out  of  the  impasse  into  which  he  has  drifted. 


176 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


There  is  much  excellent  observation  in  this  story, 
combined  with  effective  delineation,  and  a  finished 
method  of  expression. 

Mr.  Grant  Allen's  latest  book  is  a  pot-boiler  un- 
abashed. This  being  the  case,  we  need  waste  no 
words  in  commenting  upon  style,  plot,  or  character- 
ization.  It  will  be  sufficient  to  state  that  "  Miss 
Cay  ley's  Adventures  "  tells  the  story  of  a  young 
woman  who  finds  herself  penniless  in  London,  and 
who  concludes  that  this  is  just  the  time  for  her  to 
make  a  tour  round  the  world.  That  she  carries  out 
her  plan  successfully,  and  has  many  entertaining 
experiences  by  the  way,  may  be  taken  for  granted 
by  those  who  know  the  sprightliness  of  the  author's 
invention.  The  book  makes  pleasant  unprofitable 
reading,  and  holds  the  attention  throughout. 

"  When  the  Sleeper  Wakes  "  is  a  somewhat  dis- 
appointing book.  The  fertile  fancy  of  the  author, 
and  his  quasi-scientific  way  of  dealing  with  vast  or 
grotesque  impossibilities,  have  not  resulted,  upon  this 
occasion,  in  a  story  that  is  either  clear  or  convinc- 
ing. We  are  simply  dazed  at  the  twenty-first  cen- 
tury London  into  which  we  (in  company  with  the 
awakened  sleeper)  are  incontinently  plunged,  and 
the  system  of  girders,  and  wind-vanes,  and  flying 
stages  which  are  the  author's  principal  marvels, 
seems  to  be  the  outcome  of  a  cheap  and  confused 
invention.  There  is  much  ingenuity  about  the 
forecast,  much  skilful  elaboration  of  details,  but 
there  is  no  imaginative  reach,  no  real  impossiveness. 

Were  it  not  for  the  copyright  of  the  present  year, 
we  should  take  "  A  Princess  of  Vascovy,"  by  Mr. 
John  Oxenham,  for  a  reprint  of  some  early  essay 
in  fiction-writing.  Certainly,  it  has  little  of  the 
careful  style  and  psychological  insight  of  "  God's 
Prisoner,"  which  we  reviewed  a  few  months  ago, 
and  has,  in  fact,  nothing  to  recommend  it  save  the 
interest  of  the  plot.  Considered  merely  as  a  story, 
however,  as  an  ingenious  and  straightforward  nar- 
rative, it  holds  the  attention  closely,  and  may  be 
pronounced  successful.  The  heroine  is  a  princess 
of  a  quite  imaginary  kingdom  in  Eastern  Europe, 
and  she  comes  to  her  own  after  a  career  of  the  most 
varied  adventure,  beginning  in  the  wilds  of  South 
America,  continued  in  the  islands  of  the  Pacific, 
and  ended  in  the  little  realm  to  which  fate  at  last 
restores  her.  The  book  is  somewhat  in  the  fashion 
of  Mr.  Hope's  "  Zenda  "  tales,  and  its  incidents  are 
of  a  similarly  exciting  character. 

Still  more  suggestive  of  the  "  Zenda  "  sort  of  ro- 
mance is  Mr.  Arthur  W.  Marchmont's  "  A  Dash  for 
a  Throne."  Here  we  have  an  actual  personation  of 
the  prince  by  the  hero,  who  lends  himself  to  the  in- 
trigue, first,  because  it  seems  the  only  way  of  work- 
ing out  the  ends  of  justice,  and  afterwards,  pour 
U*  beaux  yeux  of  the  heroine,  whom  he  cannot  de- 
sert in  her  hour  of  peril.  The  throne  in  this  case 
is  specifically  that  of  Bavaria,  although  the  happen- 
ings described  are  as  far  from  any  actual  history  as 
are  those  chronicled  in  the  imaginary  annals  of 
Ruritania.  The  story  is  a  capital  one,  reeking  with 
romantic  sentiment,  and  filled  to  the  full  with  vil- 


lanies,  all  of  which  the  hero  ontwiU.  We  have 
to  thank  the  writer  for  much  exciting  entertainment. 

"  Castle  Czvargas  "  is  a  capital  romance  of  Con- 
tinental adventure  in  the  seventeenth  century.  It 
was  in  the  year  of  the  Great  Fire  that  an  English 
lad  was  sent  by  his  parents  on  a  journey  to  Munich 
for  the  purpose  of  transacting  certain  business  con- 
nected with  an  inheritance.  His  task  performed, 
he  set  forth  on  the  homeward  journey,  but  was  cap- 
tured and  held  imprisoned  by  a  robber-baron  in  the 
wilds  of  Southeastern  Germany.  News  of  hit*  plight 
reaching  England,  his  brother  started  upon  an  ex- 
pedition of  rescue,  and  the  story  told  us  is  that  of 
the  skill  and  strength  of  arm  with  which  the  two 
English  youths  got  the  better  of  Count  Czvargas, 
captured  his  own  stronghold  from  him,  compassed 
his  well-deserved  death,  and  carried  away  from 
captivity  at  the  same  time  the  German  maiden  who 
is  the  heroine  of  the  romance.  It  is  an  exciting 
tale,  fit  to  captivate  both  old  and  young. 

"The  Garden  of  Swords  "  is  the  fantastic  title 
given  by  Mr.  Max  Pemberton  to  a  story  of  the 
Franco-Prussian  War,  which  culminates  in  the 
siege  and  capitulation  of  Strassburg.  The  heroine 
is  the  English  wife  of  a  French  soldier,  and  the 
private  interest  of  the  story  is  centred  about  her 
relations  with  an  Englishman,  serving  in  the  Prus- 
sian army,  who  has  befriended  her  in  an  hour  of 
deadly  peril,  and  risked  his  own  life  by  entering 
the  doomed  city  to  bring  her  news  of  her  captured 
husband.  The  husband  learns  of  all  this  devotion 
only  to  place  upon  it  the  most  dishonorable  inter- 
pretation, and  his  conduct  is  so  contemptible  that  it 
is  not  easy  to  rejoice  in  the  reconciliation  between 
the  two,  even  though  it  takes  place  at  the  bedside 
where  he  lies  fatally  wounded  by  one  of  the  besieg- 
ers' shells.  With  all  due  pity  for  the  sufferings  of 
the  French  people  in  their  year  of  agony,  the  author 
makes  his  lack  of  genuine  sympathy  with  them  a 
little  too  evident,  and  it  is  clear  that  both  his  ad- 
miration and  his  heart  go  with  the  invaders.  For 
the  rest,  the  story  is  prettily  told,  with  some  poetry 
of  phrase,  and  a  fairly  vivid  realization  of  its  dra- 
matic possibilities. 

The  great  and  deserved  vogue  of  Mr.  Sienkiewicz 
has  had  its  natural  consequence  in  the  translation 
of  his  unimportant  and  immature  work,  his  trans- 
lator relying  on  the  magic  of  the  author's  name  to 
secure  a  public  for  the  least  of  his  productions.  We 
cannot  say  that  this  result  is  a  regrettable  one,  for 
everything  that  can  throw  light  upon  the  develop- 
ment of  so  great  a  talent  is  of  interest,  but  readers 
must  not  expect  too  much  of  the  book  now  pub- 
lished, which  was  the  first  of  the  author's  literary 
works.  Considered  absolutely,  "  In  Vain  "  is  of 
small  value ;  considered  as  a  first  book,  written  by 
a  boy  of  seventeen,  it  is  one  of  the  wonders  of  lit- 
erature. Glaringly  crude  as  it  is  in  many  ways, 
there  is  in  it  a  distinct  foreshadowing  of  the  power 
that  was  to  produce  "  Without  Dogma  "  and  ••  The 
Children  of  the  Soil,"  and  it  has  also  a  consider- 
able degree  of  intrinsic  interest.  It  is  a  novel  of 


I 

1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


177 


student  days  at  Kieff,  and  was  written  when  the 
author  was  himself  a  student  at  Warsaw.  As  a 
naive  portrayal  of  university  life  in  Eastern  Europe, 
it  offers  us  something  so  radically  different  from 
anything  that  the  corresponding  conditions  in  En- 
gland or  America  could  offer,  that  for  this  reason 
alone  it  deserves  attention.  But  it  gives  us  more 
than  this.  It  is  a  story  of  passion,  of  abnegation, 
and  of  moral  triumph ;  the  wine  of  youth  courses 
through  its  veins,  and  we  forgive  its  faults  for  the 
sake  of  its  obvious  sincerity. 

Fru  Amalie  Skram,  a  Norwegian  woman  who  is 
the  wife  of  a  well-known  Danish  scholar,  has  elected 
to  write  fiction  under  the  banner  of  "  naturalism," 
and  has  been  seriously  likened  to  M.  Zola.  Her 
work  is  now  first  introduced  to  the  English  public 
by  a  well-made  translation  of  "  Professor  Hierony- 
mus."  Herr  BjSrnson,  who  is  a  warm  admirer  of 
the  writer,  has  characterized  the  book  in  these  terms: 
••  It  is  the  first  time  that  a  great  author  in  full  pos- 
session of  her  mental  powers  has  had  the  opportu- 
nity of  making  such  a  study.  Seeking  quiet  and 
treatment  for  a  nervous  affection,  Fru  Skram  of 
her  own  free  will  became  an  inmate  of  a  lunatic 
asylum.  Thus  she  had  a  chance  of  studying  one  of 
those  specialists  in  mental  disease  who  are  too  apt 
to  mistake  rebelliousness  for  a  sign  of  mental  de- 
rangement. Of  this  doctor,  of  the  patients,  the 
nurses,  her  whole  environment,  she  gives  a  picture 
so  vivid,  of  such  absorbing  interest,  that  it  can  vie 
with  the  most  thrilling  romance."  This  praise  seems 
to  us  overdrawn,  and,  assuming  the  writer's  pur- 
pose to  be  that  of  establishing  abuses  in  the  treat- 
ment of  the  insane,  she  is  only  half-convincing.  It 
is  indeed  a  chamber  of  horrors  into  which  she  leads 
us,  but,  barring  a  few  minor  instances  of  heedless- 
ness,  the  asylum  seems  to  be  conducted  upon  hu- 
mane and  scientific  principles.  As  far  as  Hierony- 
mus  is  concerned,  we  cannot  make  out  what  the 
writer  is  driving  at.  He  is  certainly  an  unsympa- 
thetic figure,  but  certainly  not  the  monster  she 
would  have  us  think  him.  We  should  warn  pros- 
pective readers  that  the  book  has  no  plot  whatso- 
ever ;  it  is  the  bare  journal,  day  by  day,  of  the 
asylum  experiences  of  the  heroine,  and  does  not 
even  end  with  her  release.  This  suggests  possibil- 
ities of  more  volumes  of  the  same  sort,  which  may 


Heaven  avert. 


WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


B  KIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 


investing  la  reading  the  "Reminiscences  of 

reminiscences  the  King  of  Roumania  "  (Harper), 
of  a  King.  ag  edlted  by.  Mr  Sidney  Whitman, 

one  may  naturally  reflect  how  differently  this  mod- 
est yet  effective  story  of  political  effort  and  achieve- 
ment would  have  been  told  had  the  hero  and  nar- 
rator been,  not  Prince  Charles,  but  another  extant 
scion  of  the  Hohenzollerns,  whose  Consecrated  Per- 
son we  need  not  specify.  What  paeons  of  self- 


gratulation,  what  apostrophes  to  the  irresistible 
joint  might  of  "  Ich  und  Gott"  should  we  in  that 
case  have  had  !  But  Prince  Charles  is,  of  all  Euro- 
pean sovereigns,  perhaps  the  one  least  touched  with 
the  royal  megalomania.  The  task  which  he  faced, 
when  as  a  young  lieutenant  he  was  called  upon,  a 
quarter  of  a  century  ago,  to  assume  the  rule  of  a 
turbulent  principality  whose  name  was  synonymous 
with  change  and  alternating  foreign  occupation,  was 
one  of  the  utmost  difficulty.  His  future  kingdom 
lay  in  the  cock-pit  of  the  Near  East,  surrounded  by 
petty  powers  whose  governments  were  even  more 
unstable  than  its  own,  and  jealously  regarded  by 
both  Russia  and  Turkey,  for  each  of  which  powers 
it  had  for  nearly  a  century  formed  a  bone  of  con- 
tention. Out  of  this  political  and  financial  chaos 
the  young  Prince,  through  the  exercise  of  really 
remarkable  ability  as  statesman  and  soldier,  gradu- 
ally brought  Roumania  to  its  present  independent 
and  comparatively  stable  and  flourishing  condition. 
The  story  of  this  achievement  is  interestingly  and 
almost  too  self-effacingly  told  in  these  Reminis- 
cences. The  narrator  touches  briefly  upon  his  mar- 
riage to  the  Princess  Elizabeth  of  Wied  (the  "  Car- 
men Sylva  "  of  letters)  ;  and  his  share  in  the  Turco- 
Russian  war,  in  which  he  commanded  a  division  of 
allied  Russian  and  Roumanian  troops,  is  dwelt  upon 
in  some  detail.  The  correspondence  of  Prince 
Charles  with  Bismarck,  Queen  Victoria,  and  the 
German  Emperor,  forms  an  element  of  considerable 
interest,  and  the  book  must,  on  the  whole,  be  re- 
garded as  a  desirable  and  an  authoritative  contri- 
bution to  the  history  of  the  Eastern  Question.  The 
editor  provides  an  intelligently  written  sketch  and 
appreciation  of  Prince  Charles,  a  portrait  of  whom 
forms  the  frontispiece  of  the  well-appointed  volume. 

The  fight  of  Sixty-four  years  ago,  when  Mr.  R. 

a  corporation  H.  Dana,  in  his  adventurous  cruise 
with  the  people.  „  Before  the  Mast,"  visited  the  coast 
of  Southern  California,  his  ship  one  day  came  to 
anchor  in  the  roadstead  of  San  Pedro,  which  he  de- 
scribes as  "  the  only  port  for  a  distance  of  eighty 
miles."  It  was  not  much  of  a  port,  and  not  much 
of  one  was  needed  for  the  slender  commerce  of  those 
pastoral  days.  But  fifty  years  later,  when  the  rich 
interior  region  had  been  developed,  and  Los  Ange- 
les, its  chief  city,  had  become  an  important  com- 
mercial centre,  the  need  of  an  improved  harbor  was 
keenly  felt.  Two  rival  points  on  the  sea- coast  con- 
tended for  the  improvements  which  Congress  was 
asked  to  make — San  Pedro  on  the  south,  and  Santa 
Monica  on  the  west,  each  about  twenty  miles  from 
Los  Angeles,  each  having  railroad  connection  with 
that  city,  and  each  having  good  natural  advantages 
for  a  harbor,  though  the  reports  of  the  U.  S.  engi- 
neers sent  to  make  surveys  were  decidedly  in  favor 
of  San  Pedro.  The  interests  of  the  great  railroad 
corporation  of  California,  the  Southern  Pacific  Com- 
pany, led  it  to  desire  the  selection  of  Santa  Monica, 
and  the  claims  of  this  place  were  pressed  with  great 
force  and  determination,  and  with  all  the  known  and 


178 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


A  Statesman 
inLtttert. 


unknown  resources  of  that  almost  omnipotent  or- 
ganization. The  citizens  of  Los  Angeles  were  no 
less  determined  in  favor  of  San  Pedro  ;  and  a  con- 
test was  began  which,  carried  on  in  California  and 
in  Washington,  was  waged  for  eight  years  with  great 
stubbornness  and  sometimes  bitterness,  and  finally 
resulted  in  a  complete  victory  for  the  people.  A 
government  appropriation  of  nearly  three  millions 
of  dollars  was  secured,  and  after  many  vexatious 
and  baffling  delays,  work  was  finally  begun  at  San 
Pedro  in  April  last.  The  story  of  this  memorable 
contest  has  been  well  told  by  Mr.  Charles  Dwight 
Willard,  a  practised  and  graceful  writer,  in  a  volume 
entitled  "  The  Free-Harbor  Contest"  (Ktngsley- 
Barnes  &  Neuner  Co.,  Los  Angeles).  It  is  well 
worth  reading,  not  only  for  its  many  interesting  and 
often  stirring  episodes,  but  for  its  practical  demon- 
stration that  even  the  most  powerful  corporations 
are  not  all-powerful  when  opposed  by  an  aroused 
and  determined  public  sentiment. 

To  be  a  bookish  man  and  a  states- 
man, as  Lord  Rosebery  demon- 
strates in  one  of  the  best  of  his  recent 
"Appreciations  and  Addresses"  (John  Lane),  is 
not  an  easy  nor  necessarily  a  logical  matter.  Yet  he 
goes  back  over  the  list  of  the  prime  ministers  of  En- 
gland for  more  than  a  century  and  produces  results 
which  must  fill  the  American  enthusiast  for  learn- 
ing and  culture  with  envy.  Among  these,  surely, 
Lord  Rosebery  is  himself  to  be  ranked,  if  only  for 
the  volume  before  us,  with  its  interesting  and  mul- 
tifarious table  of  contents.  A  distinction,  rather 
than  a  difference,  is  made  between  the  Apprecia- 
tions, which  include  estimates  of  the  life  or  work  or 
character  or  all  three  of  various  persons,  and  of  the 
city  of  London ;  and  the  Addresses,  which  deal  with 
subjects  less  personal,  the  best  of  them  being  on 
"  Bookishness  and  Statesmanship."  But  all  are 
taken  from  the  lips  of  the  speaker  in  some  public 
place,  and  have  been  edited  in  their  present  form 
by  Mr.  Charles  Geake.  They  still  retain  the  flavor 
of  matters  which,  were  they  less  literary  in  content, 
would  make  against  their  reception,  yet  they  have 
with  this  a  certain  dry  humor  which  is  only  less  en- 
joyable in  the  printed  page  than  it  must  have  been 
when  voiced  by  the  speaker's  lips.  Many  other 
amiable  qualities  combine  with  this  to  make  the 
speeches  worthy  attention  and  —  for  those  who 
intend  to  speak  in  public  themselves  —  of  study. 
They  are  in  the  best  of  taste,  they  are  sufficiently 
erudite,  they  are  always  happy  in  all  the  meanings 
of  that  greatly  abused  word,  they  are  neither  too 
long  nor  too  short  —  in  fine,  they  have  every  qual- 
ity except  those  which  enthusiasm  and  genius  alone 

can  lend.  

A  clear  idea  of  what  an  American 
college  really  is  at  a  given  moment 
was  never  perhaps  caught  with  more 
success  nor  set  down  with  more  animation  than 
characterizes  "  Yale  :  Her  Campus,  Class- Rooms, 
and  Athletics,"  by  Messrs.  Lewis  Sheldon  Welch 


and  Walter  Camp,  two  graduates  of  that  ancient 
institution  whose  names  are  a  guaranty  at  once  for 
good  workmanship  and  for  a  proper  Yale  spirit. 
Just  at  what  is  generally  felt  to  be  a  turning-point 
in  the  career  of  this  great  university  and  mother  of 
universities,  a  large  volume,  almost  encyclopaedic 
in  scope  and  intention,  is  issued,  from  which  may 
be  had  a  conception  of  what  Yale  men  think  of 
themselves  and  of  their  college.  No  department 
of  the  great  university  is  left  without  commemora- 
tion, and  the  sub-title  gives  but  a  faint  hint  of  this 
inclusiveness.  One  of  the  chapters  is  given  the 
name,  "  For  God,  for  Country,  and  for  Yale."  This 
represents  the  feeling  throughout  the  large  work  ; 
yet  it  must  not  be  taken  as  a  universal  panegyric 
—  even  though  the  point  of  view  is  that  of  Yale 
men  for  Yale,  and  the  rest  of  the  world  is  not  con- 
sidered except  as  subordinate.  We  have  a  notion 
that  the  preparation  of  a  work  ten  years  hence  of 
similar  purpose  will  show  a  different  idea  back  of 
the  university  —  and  perhaps  a  better  and  more 
generous  one.  That  Yale  should  feel  the  defeats 
in  athletics  of  a  single  year  sufficiently  to  call  a 
general  alumni  meeting  for  the  purpose  of  ascer- 
taining the  causes  leading  up  to  them,  has  seemed 
to  many  friends  of  American  colleges  somewhat 
disproportionate  when  other  matters  in  which  Yale 
has  been  interested  are  taken  into  account.  Why 
it  should  be  so,  this  book  explains  —  between  the 
lines  as  well  as  in  them.  But  it  is  something  of 
which  Yale  men  should  be  proud  in  the  main,  and 
it  is  admirably  presented  by  the  publishers,  Messrs. 
L.  C.  Page  &  Company. 

The  figure  of  William  T.  Sherman 
looms  large  in  any  account  of  the 
Civil  War,  and  it  is  tolerably  certain 
that  time  will  rather  enhance  than  diminish  its 
proportions.  An  intelligent  and  complete  biography 
of  the  Union  leader  now  appears  in  the  ••  Great 
Commanders"  series  (Appleton),  partly  from  the 
pen  of  the  late  General  M.  F.  Force,  who  assumes 
the  entire  responsibility,  and  partly  from  the  pen 
of  General  J.  D.  Cox,  who  is  even  better  known  as 
a  writer.  The  career  of  General  Sherman  is  so 
replete  with  incident,  and  that  of  the  more  import- 
ant sort,  that  greater  brevity  could  hardly  be 
looked  for.  The  work  is,  accordingly,  somewhat 
long.  It  is  a  pity,  such  being  the  case,  that  the 
index  should  be  so  hastily  prepared  as  to  leave  it  a 
lame  guide  at  best  to  the  350  closely  written  pages. 
Though  dealing  first  of  all  with  the  soldier,  the 
work  shows  Sherman  in  his  private  capacity  as  well. 
His  steadfast  refusal  to  be  dragged  into  politics,  on 
the  ground  that  soldiers  enough  had  been  seated  in 
the  presidential  chair,  is  brought  out  most  strongly, 
and  is  greatly  to  the  credit  of  the  man.  So,  too, 
is  the  lifelong  effort  he  made  to  bring  about  a  re- 
form in  the  office  of  the  Secretary,  of  War,  a  meas- 
ure to  which  Grant  denied  his  support,  yielding,  as 
he  did  too  often,  to  the  persuasions  of  interested 
friends.  Most  of  the  evils  and  accumulated  horrors 


Tke  life  oj 


veil  re-told. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


179 


of  the  recent  war  with  Spain  are  directly  due  to 
this,  and  the  contumely  heaped  upon  the  recent 
Secretary  of  War  is  plainly  shown  to  be  the  result 
of  continued  refusals  to  adopt  the  plain  teachings 
of  prudence  and  common-sense  on  the  part  of  the 
highest  authority  in  the  nation.  The  book  deserves 
careful  reading,  and  should  take  its  place  beside 
the  best  volumes  in  the  series  which  it  is  intended 

to  accompany. 

Those  who  have  been  watching  the 

Lessons  from  our         ,  •  ,  ,•  ..  •«.!_• 

historic  past.  changes  in  public  sentiment  within 

the  last  twelve  months  cannot  help 
being  impressed  by  the  lack  of  knowledge  of  the 
historic  past  of  America,  and  the  disregard  into 
which  it  seems  to  have  fallen.  That  supposed  bul- 
wark against  innovation  and  lack  of  precedent,  the 
American  bar,  has  really  led  the  people  away 
from  the  uniform  traditions  of  five  generations  of 
our  citizens,  back  to  the  point  of  view  of  the  loyalist 
of  the  Revolution,  whose  very  name  has  been 
adopted,  all  unconscious  of  the  Europeanizing 
tendency  common  to  them  both.  Why  it  is  that 
all  history  should  be  disregarded,  unless  there  is  a 
wide  and  deplorable  ignorance  of  that  history,  it  is 
impossible  to  say;  but  the  publication  at  just  this 
time  of  such  a  work  as  Mr.  Edward  McCrady's 
"  History  of  South  Carolina  Under  the  Royal 
Government,  1719-1776"  (Macmillan)  serves  to 
accent  the  imputation  of  ignorance.  The  entire 
period  treated  is  one  in  which  the  inhabitants  of 
the  Carolinas,  in  common  with  those  of  the  conti- 
nent generally,  were  preparing  to  throw  off  just 
such  a  series  of  oppressions  as  they  are  laboring 
with  to-day.  It  will  be  seen,  as  from  the  chapters 
dealing  with  the  Indians,  that  we  have  actually  lost 
something  of  the  governmental  acumen  which  then 
characterized  our  colonial  ancestors.  We  are  less 
jealous  of  the  rights  of  others,  and  far  less  punctil- 
io;^ regarding  our  own  individual  rights;  we  are 
governed  with  vust  as  little  regard  for  our  real  wel- 
fare, and  revenue  is  raised  with  just  about  the 
same  conception  of  the  interests  of  the  taxpayers. 
Mr.  McCrady's  book  is  both  voluminous  and 
interesting,  though  not  well  proportioned.  The 
desire  to  set  down  everything,  rather  than  to  main- 
tain due  perspective,  leads  to  loose  and  illogical 
writing  occasionally.  But  of  the  value  of  the  work 
there  can  be  no  doubt. 

Some  discouraging    Sach  Hght  a8  the  distinguished  Afri- 

reveiaiions  of          can  explorer,  Mr.  Lionel  Decle,  is 

the  French  army.       aWe  t()  thrQW  upQn  ^Q    condition  of 

the  French  army  by  a  narration  of  his  experience 
as  un  volontaire  d'un  an  in  1879-81  is  lurid,  and 
the  book  resulting,  "Trooper  3809:  A  Private 
Soldier  of  the  Third  Republic"  (Scribner),  is  most 
discouraging  reading  for  those  who,  like  Abou  ben 
Adhem,  love  their  fellow-men.  Making  allow- 
ances for  youth,  for  bitterness,  for  a  possibly  dis- 
agreeable manner,  and  for  the  personal  equation, 
Mr.  Decle  appears  to  have  entered  the  French 
service  with  patriotic  enthusiasm  in  the  perfection 


of  an  athletic  vigor  none  too  usual  in  France,  and 
to  have  left  it  at  the  end  of  less  than  two  years  as 
an  invalid  not  far  from  death,  and  despairing  of  the 
future  of  his  country.  That  he  eventually  recovered, 
and  was  able  to  make  of  himself  rather  an  English- 
man than  a  Frenchman,  disclosing  administrative 
and  executive  abilities  such  as  France  stands 
desperately  in  need  of,  make  the  pity  the  greater. 
His  native  land,  indeed,  stultified  her  earlier  treat- 
ment of  him  by  placing  him  in  command  of  a  native 
transport  service  during  the  war  in  Madagascar, 
but  only  to  bear  witness  that  the  casualties  of  that 
expedition  would  have  been  annihilation  had  the 
enemy  been  otherwise  than  cowardly.  Incidentally 
to  the  narrative,  though  affording  the  undoubted 
reason  for  its  publication  at  this  time,  a  bright 
light  is  thrown  upon  the  astounding  disclosures  of 
the  Dreyfus  trial.  No  one  reading  these  pages  can 
doubt  that  France  is  virtually  lying  naked  to  her 
enemies  as  a  result  of  flagrant  delinquencies  and 
gross  favoritisms  pervading  her  armies,  and  that 
the  one  animating  purpose  behind  the  officers  now 
before  the  public  is  the  prevention  of  further  dis- 
closures of  their  worthless  and  vicious  methods. 


European 
literature  in 
cross-sections. 


"  The  Fourteenth  Century,"  by  Mr. 
F.  J.  Snell,  is  the  third  volume  pub- 
lished in  the  series  called  "  Periods 
of  European  Literature"  (Scribner),  edited  by 
Professor  Saintsbury.  This  method  of  dealing  with 
European  literature  in  cross-sections  has  both  ad- 
vantages and  disadvantages ;  the  latter  are  pecu- 
liarly apparent  in  the  case  of  the  present  volume, 
which  has  to  include  Dante,  Petrarch,  Boccaccio, 
Chaucer,  and  Froissart,  on  the  one  hand,  and,  on 
the  other,  the  tag- ends  of  French  court-poetry  and 
Icelandic  saga,  the  early  stages  of  Scottish  romance, 
the  growth  of  the  new  lyric  in  Italy,  and  such 
names  as  Marco  Polo,  Sir  John  Maundeville,  St. 
Francis  of  Assisi,  Jean  Gerson,  and  John  Wiclif. 
There  is  no  English  scholar  living  who  could  do  all 
this  as  it  should  be  done,  and  it  is  no  reproach  to 
Mr.  Snell  to  say  that,  while  he  is  a  trustworthy 
writer  upon  the  Italian  and  English  phases  of  his 
period,  bis  knowledge  concerning  others  is  defective. 
The  drama  of  the  fourteenth  century  is  omitted 
altogether  from  this  survey,  being  left  for  the 
writer  of  the  volume  that  will  follow  in  the  chrono- 
logical order.  Mr.  Snell's  style  is  good,  although 
marred  by  an  occasional  bit  of  misplaced  flippancy, 
and  his  work  is  thoroughly  readable. 


Mystifying 
the  mystery 
of  Dreyfus. 


What  shall  be  said  of  a  book  like 
"  Dreyfus :  Letters  Written  to  His 
Wife  from  Prison  "  (Harper)  ?  The 
writings,  translated  from  the  French  by  Mr.  L.  G. 
Moreau,  cover  the  period  from  December,  1894, 
to  February,  1898,  and  are  introduced  by  Mr. 
Walter  Littlefield  with  a  brief  summary  of  this 
most  extraordinary  case.  Americans,  as  a  whole, 
have  made  up  their  minds  that  the  accused  French- 
man is  innocent ;  Frenchmen,  on  the  contrary, 


180 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


are  resolved  to  believe  him  guilty.  Real  proof, 
either  of  guilt  or  innocence,  xeems  wholly  lacking ; 
though  the  unfairness  of  the  presumption  of  guilt 
without  proof  is  as  hateful  to  the  mind  of  the 
believer  in  the  common  law  as  the  presumption  of 
innocence  is  to  the  advocates  of  French  criminal 
procedure.  If  the  General  Staff  of  the  French 
army  has  brought  forth  nothing  of  any  moment  in 
their  attempt  to  show  him  a  traitor,  surely  such 
letters  as  these  afford  neither  proof  nor  presump- 
tion of  innocence.  If  their  publication  at  this  time 
is  for  the  purpose  of  influencing  public  sentiment 
in  favor  of  this  most  unfortunate  officer,  it  appears 
based  upon  the  curious  assumption  that  letters  to 
a  wife,  written  with  the  knowledge  that  they  will 
be  opened  and  read  by  those  interested  in  proving 
the  writer  guilty,  must  contain  the  whole  truth. 
The  letters  have  no  literary  merit,  as  such.  They 
are  "human  documents"  undoubtedly,  and  may 
well  serve  as  models  of  passion,  hope,  despair, 
grief,  and  affection,  in  combination.  But  they  no 
•more  enlighten  the  understanding  relative  to  the 
writer's  character  than  some  of  the  statements  of 
the  General  Staff — and  that  is  saying  a  great  deal. 

Mr.  William  T.  Jacks  has  written 
what  he  styles  the  first  consecutive 
"  Life  of  Prince  Bismarck  "  (Mac- 
millan)  composed  in  the  English  language.  Mr. 
Jacks  has  succeeded  fairly  well  in  his  desirable 
undertaking,  and  his  book,  though  rather  scrimped 
and  superficial  and  not  impeccable  in  point  of  style, 
may  be  pronounced  a  good  one  for  popular  reading. 
The  publishers  have  given  it  a  handsome  setting,  and 
it  is  liberally  illustrated.  There  is  a  map  of  Ger- 
many from  1815  to  1866,  and  the  author  has  judi- 
ciously inserted  a  chapter  dealing  with  the  political 
history  of  Germany  during  the  epoch  immediately 
preceding  1847.  It  is  fair  to  Mr.  Jacks  to  say  that 
he  has  been  somewhat  handicapped  by  the  necessity 
of  keeping  his  narrative  within  certain  prescribed 
limits  within  which  it  would  not  be  possible  to  com- 
press even  a  measurably  full  and  satisfactory  ac- 
count of  the  Chancellor's  career. 


A  popular 
biography 
of  Bitmarek. 


BRIEFER  MENTION. 


"Dante  Interpreted,"  by  Mr.  Epipbanius  Wilson 
(Putnam),  is  a  simple  and  straightforward  account  of 
the  poet's  life  and  work,  illustrated  by  many  extracts 
which  the  author  has  translated  into  the  form  of  the 
Spenserian  stanza.  The  book  is  of  the  sort  that  attempts 
nothing  original,  and  that  may  safely  be  recommended 
to  beginners,  although  it  is  by  no  means  upon  the  plane 
of  Maria  Rossetti's  "  Shadow  of  Dante,"  or  J.  H.  Sy- 
monds's  "  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Dante."  Of  the 
latter  work,  by  the  way,  a  new  edition  (the  fourth)  has 
just  been  published  (Macmillan),  at  the  instance  of 
Mr.  Horatio  F.  Brown,  the  author's  literary  executor. 

The  "  Eversley  "  form  of  book,  which  was  devised 
by  the  Messrs.  Macmillan  many  yean  ago  for  the 
needs  of  a  new  edition  of  Kingaley,  has  proved  so  sat- 


isfactory to  the  public,  that  writer  after  writer  has  re- 
appeared in  its  tasteful  dress,  and  no  small  part  of  the 
best  English  literature  is  now  obtainable  in  the  volumes 
of  this  design.  We  need  mention  only  the  names  of 
Arnold,  Church,  Gray,  Huxley,  Lamb,  Milton,  Morley, 
and  Wordsworth,  in  illustration  of  the  scope  of  the 
series.  At  present,  a  Shakespeare  is  being  added, 
under  the  editorship  of  Mr.  C.  11.  Herford,  whose  notes 
and  introductions  are  scholarly  and  brief.  There  are 
to  be  ten  volumes  in  all,  of  which  five  have  now  ap- 
peared. They  are  a  little  thicker  than  is  usual  with 
this  series,  but  still  most  convenient  to  handle,  and  will, 
we  doubt  not,  become  very  popular. 

A  new  edition,  with  an  enlarged  glossary  of  Sanscrit 
terms,  of  "  Vedanta  Philosophy,"  has  just  been  pub- 
lished by  the  Baker  &  Taylor  Company.  The  frontis- 
piece is  a  portrait  of  the  author,  the  Swami  Vivekananda, 
so  well  known  to  the  attendants  upon  the  Congress  of 
Religions  in  1893.  The  book  is  too  well  known  to  re- 
quire further  comment,  and  the  present  edition  will 
meet  a  growing  demand  for  authentic  information  of 
this  sort. 

The  "Cumulative  Book  Index,"  published  at  Min- 
neapolis by  Messrs.  Morris  &  Wilson,  appears  in  a 
double  number  for  April  and  May.  It  covers  a  period 
of  sixteen  months,  and  makes  a  volume  of  between  three 
and  four  hundred  pages.  In  other  words,  it  is  a  com- 
plete card  catalogue,  by  author,  title,  and  subject,  of  all 
the  books  published  in  this  country  from  January,  1898, 
to  the  date  of  the  present  issue.  The  usefulness  of  such 
a  publication  needs  no  explanation. 

Consul-General  Wildman's  "Tales  of  the  Malayan 
Coast"  (Lothrop  Pub'g  Co.)  were  gathered  during  his 
three  years'  consular  service  in  the  Malay  Peninsula. 
The  tales  are  seventeen  in  number,  and  include  such 
titles  as  "  Baboo's  Good  Tiger,"  "  A  Fight  with  Illanum 
Pirates,"  "The  White  Rajah  of  Sarawak,"  «  King  Solo- 
mon's Mines,"  "  The  Sarong,"  "  The  Kris,"  "  Amok," 
"  Busuk,"  "  A  Pig  Hunt  on  Mt.  Ophir,"  and  «'  A  Croco- 
dile Hunt."  Many  of  them  are  exciting,  some  are  blood- 
curdling, and  all  derive  interest  from  their  portrayals  of 
a  quarter  of  the  globe  regarding  which  we  were  in  so 
profound  (and  perhaps  blissful)  ignorance  a  year  ago. 

Dr.  Fred  Morrow  Fling,  of  the  University  of  Ne- 
braska, whose  helpful  pamphlets  of  source  extracts  for 
the  scientific  study  of  history  have  frequently  been  com- 
mended to  our  readers,  has  just  published  (Lincoln: 
Miller)  a  little  volume,  entitled  "  Outline  of  Historical 
Method,"  designed  to  help  the  progressive  teacher  to 
some  acquaintance  with  the  methods  of  modern  histor- 
ical scholarship.  It  is  a  clear  analysis  of  the  work  of 
M.  Seignobos  and  Herr  Bernheim,  intended  to  bring 
the  methods  of  historical  criticism  and  research  within 
the  range  of  the  untrained  teacher,  and  deserves  a  wide 
circulation. 

The  little  hand-book  on  "  English  Meditative  Lyrics  " 
(Curts  &  Jennings)  is  a  companion  to  a  similar  volume 
from  the  same  pen  on  similar  productions  in  America. 
The  professor  of  English  in  Princeton,  Dr.  Theodore  W. 
Hunt,  has  again  shown  his  faculty  for  saying  much  that 
is  suggestive  in  little  space,  and  perhaps  no  work  of 
recent  years  so  ably  provokes  the  reader  to  better  ac- 
quaintance with  the  lovely  verses  to  which  reference  is 
had.  The  book  will  serve  for  the  novice  and  for  the 
critic  equally,  the  groupings  being  as  useful  to  the  lat- 
ter as  the  large  amount  of  information  must  be  to  the 
former. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


181 


ANNOUNCEMENTS  OF  FALL,  BOOKS. 


As  we  predicted  some  time  ago,  THE  DIAL'S  list  of 
forthcoming  Fall  publications,  presented  herewith, 
eclipses  that  of  any  year  in  the  history  of  the  American 
book  trade.  The  number  of  titles  entered  is  nearly 
1600,  against  1350  last  year,  which  latter  number  was  a 
considerable  increase  over  any  previous  season.  These 
lists  are  therefore  a  very  good  index — perhaps  the  best 
that  may  be  had  —  to  the  condition  and  progress  of  the 
publishing  business  in  this  country.  They  are  prepared 
in  all  cases  from  advance  information  procured  espe- 
cially for  the  purpose,  and  represent  the  output  of  62 
publishing  firms:  the  highest  number  from  any  one 
firm  being  200,  and  the  average  25  for  each  firm. 
All  the  books  here  given  are  presumably  new  books — 
new  editions  not  being  included  unless  having  new  form 
or  matter  ;  and  the  list  does  not  include  Fall  books 
already  issued  and  entered  in  our  regular  List  of  New 
Books.  Juvenile  books  are,  from  their  great  number, 
deferred  to  another  issue. 

The  more  interesting  literary  features  of  this  List  are 
commented  upon  in  the  leading  editorial  in  this  issue. 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  MEMOIRS. 

The  Life  and  Letters  of  Sir  John  Everett  Millais,  president 
of  the  Royal  Academy,  written  by  his  son,  J.  G.  Millais, 
with  contributions  by  various  writers,  2  vols.,  illus.  in  pho- 
togravure, etc.,  $10.  (F.  A.  Stokes  Co.) 

The  Memoirs  of  Victor  Hugo,  with  Preface  by  his  literary 
executor,  Paul  Meurice,  trans,  by  John  W.  Harding,  au- 
thorized edition,  with  photogravure  portrait,  $2.50.  (G.  W. 
Dillingham  Co. ) 

Life  of  Pope  Leo  XIII.,  by  F.  Marion  Crawford,  illus.  in  photo- 
gravure, etc.  —  Abraham  Lincoln,  the  man  of  the  people, 
by  Norman  Hapgood,  illus.  —  Autobiography  of  Clement 
Scott. — Sir  Henry  Irving,  a  record  and  review,  by  Charles 
Hiatt,  illus. — Sir  J.  Everett  Millais,  a  record  and  review, 
by  J.  Lys  Baldey,  illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.  —  Life  and 
Letters  of  Archbishop  Benson,  edited  by  his  son,  2  vols., 
illus.  —  Cardinal  Newman  as  Anglican  and  Catholic,  to- 
gether with  correspondence,  by  Edmund  Sheridan  Purcell, 
with  portraits.  —  Francis  Lieber,  his  life,  times,  and  phil- 
osophy, edited  by  Lewis  R.  Hartley.  —  "Foreign  States- 
men "  series,  new  vols.:  Louis  XI.,  by  G.  W.  Prothero ; 
Ferdinand  the  Catholic,  by  E.  Armstrong;  Mazarin,  by 
Arthur  Hassall ;  Catharine  II.,  by  J.  B.  Bury ;  Louis 
XIV..  by  H.  0.  Wakeman;  per  vol.,  75  cts.  —  The  Men 
Who  Made  the  Nation,  by  Edwin  E.  Sparks,  illus.  —  Ed- 
ward Thring,  his  life,  diary,  and  letters,  by  George  R. 
Parkin,  new  and  cheaper  edition.  —  Life  of  William  E. 
Gladstone,  by  Justin  McCarthy,  new  and  cheaper  edition, 
illus.  (Macmillan  Co.) 

Reminiscences,  by  Julia  Ward  Howe,  with  portraits. —  Rem- 
iniscences of  My  Life,  by  Prince  Kropotkin,  with  portraits. 
—  Horace  Bushnell,  by  Theodore  T.  Munger,  D.D.,  with 
portraits.  $2. —  "  American  Statesmen  "  series,  edited  by 
John  T.  Morse,  Jr.,  new  vols.:  Salmon  P.  Chase,  by  Albert 
Bushnell  Hart ;  Charles  Snmner,  by  Moorfield  Storey  ; 
Charles  Francis  Adams,  by  Charles  Francis  Adams ;  per 
vol.,  $1.25. — Life  of  Charles  Henry  Davis,  Rear- Admiral, 
1807-1877,  by  his  son,  Captain  Charles  H.  Davis,  U.  S.  N., 
with  portrait,  $3.  —  Letters  and  Recollections  of  John 
Murray  Forbes,  edited  by  his  daughter,  Sarah  F.  Hughes, 
2  vols.,  with  portraits . —  Life  of  Bishop  Latimer,  by  Rev. 
A.  J.  Carlyle,  $1.25.  (Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.) 

Life  and  Letters  of  Dr.  John  Donne.  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  1573- 
1631,  by  Edmund  Gosse,  2  vols.,  illus.  in  photogravure, 
$8.  net.  —  The  Life  of  Goldsmith,  by  Austin  Dobson,  new 
and  revised  edition,  $1.25. —  "  Modern  English  Writers  " 
series,  first  vols.:  Matthew  Arnold,  by  Professor  Saints- 
bury  ;  Stevenson,  by  L.  Cope  Cornford ;  Tennyson,  by 
Andrew  Lang ;  George  Eliot,  by  Sidney  Lee :  Froude,  by 
"John  Oliver  Hobbes";  Thackeray,  by  Charles  Whib- 
ley  ;  per  vol.,  $1.25. — Romance  of  King  Ludwig  II.  of 
Bavaria,  by  Frances  A.  Gerard,  illus.,  $3.50.  —  Reminis- 
cences of  the  Life  of  Edward  P.  Roe,  to  which  are  added 
sketches  and  other  papers  of  an  autobiographical  nature, 
edited  by  his  sister,  Mary  A.  Roe,  illus.,  $1.50.  (Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co. ) 


The  Life  of  William  Makepeace  Thackeray,  by  Lewis  Mel- 
ville, 2  vols.,  illus.,  $10. — Famous  Ladies  of  the  English 
Court,  by  Mrs.  Aubrey  Richardson,  illus.,  $3.50  net. — 
Sir  Arthur  Sullivan,  his  life  story,  with  letters  and  remi- 
nisences,  by  Arthur  Lawrence,  illus. — Some  Players, 
reminiscences  of  the  principal  actors  of  our  time,  by  Amy 
Leslie,  with  portraits,  autograph  letters,  etc.,  $5.  net. 
edition  on  Japan  paper,  $10.  net.  (H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.) 
"Heroes  of  the  Nations"  series,  new  vols  :  Bismarck  and 
the  New  German  Empire,  byj.  W.  Headlam,  M.  A.;  Charle- 
magne (Charles  the  Great),  by  H.  W.  Carless  Davis,  M.A.; 
Alexander  the  Great,  by  Benjamin  Ide  Wheeler ;  each 
illus.,  $1.50.  —  "  Heroes  of  the  Reformation  "  series,  new 
vols.:  Desiderins  Erasmus  (1467-1536), by  Ephraim  Emer- 
ton,  Ph.D.;  Theodore  Beza  (1519-1605),  by  Henry  Martyn 
Baird,  Ph.D.;  each  illus.,  $1.50.  —  "American  Men  of 
Energy  "  series,  new  vol.:  A  Soldier  of  the  Revolution, 
the  life  and  work  of  Henry  Knox,  by  Noah  Brooks,  illus., 
$1.50. — Rupert,  Prince  Palatine,  by  Eva  Scott,  with  por- 
traits, $3.50. —  Literary  Hearthstones,  studies  of  the  home 
life  of  certain  writers  and  thinkers,  by  Marion  Harland, 
first  vols.:  Charlotte  Bronte,  William  Cowper,  Hannah 
More,  and  John  Knox  ;  each  illus.,  per  vol.,  $1.25.  (G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons. ) 

The  Life  of  William  H.  Seward,  by  Frederic  Bancroft, 
2  vols.,  with  photogravure  portraits,  $5. —  Life  of  General 
Nathan  Bedford  Forrest,  by  Dr.  John  A.  Wyeth,  illus., 
$4. —  Recollections  of  Sir  Algernon  West,  illus.,  $3. —  Life 
and  Letters  of  James  D.  Dana,  by  Daniel  C.  Gilman,  illus., 
$2.50. —  Admiral  George  Dewey,  a  sketch  of  the  man,  by 
Hon.  John  Barrett,  illus.,  $1.25.  (Harper  &  Brothers.) 

The  Life  of  Prince  Otto  von  Bismarck,  by  Frank  Preston 
Stearns,  with  photogravure  frontispiece,  $3.50. — The  True 
William  Penn,  by  Sydney  George  Fisher,  illus.,  $2. — Sarah 
Bernhardt,  by  Jules  Huret.  trans,  from  the  French  by  G.  A. 
Raper,  with  Preface  by  Edmond  Rostand,  illus.,  $2.50. 
—  From  Howard  to  Nelson,  twelve  sailors,  edited  by  John 
Knox  Laughton,  M.A.,  $3.50. — Cromwell  and  his  Times, 
by  G.  Holden  Pike,  $1.50.  (J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.) 

Reminiscences  of  a  Very  Old  Man,  1808-1897,  by  John  Sartain, 
illus.—  The  Log  of  a  Sea-Waif,  by  Frank  T.  Bullen.  ( D. 
Apple  ton  &  Co.) 

The  Life  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  by  Ida  M.  Tarbell,  2  vols., 
illus.,  $5. —  Nancy  Hanks,  the  story  of  Abraham  Lincoln's 
mother,  by  Caroline  Hanks  Hitchcock,  illus.,  50  cts.  net. 
(Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.) 

Auld  Lang  Syne,  second  series,  by  the  Right  Hon.  Prof.  F. 
Max  Miiller,  $2. —  Mrs.  John  Drew's  Reminiscences,  with 
Introduction  by  her  son,  John  Drew,  illus.  (Charles  Scrib- 
ner's  Sons. ) 

The  Many-Sided  Franklin,  by  Paul  Leicester  Ford,  illus.,  $3. 
(Century  Co.) 

The  Memoirs  of  Baronesse  de  Courtot,  lady  in  waiting  on 
Princesse  de  Lambelle,  edited  by  Moritz  von  Kaisenburg, 
illus. —  Life  of  Dean  Henry  George  Liddell,  by  Henry  L. 
Thompson,  illus.  ( Henry  Holt  &  Co. ) 

Queen  Elizabeth,  by  Right  Hon.  and  Rev.  Mandell  Creigh- 
ton,  D  D.,  with  portrait,  $1.50. — "Builders  of  Greater 
Britain  "  series,  new  vol. :  Admiral  Philip,  and  the  found- 
ing of  New  South  Wales,  by  Louis  Becke  and  Walter  Jef- 
fery,  with  portrait  and  maps,  $1.50.  (Longmans,  Green, 
&Co.) 

Memoirs  of  the  Sidney  Family,  by  Philip  Sidney,  illus., 
$3.50. — Nelson  and  his  Times,  by  Rear-Admiral  Lord 
Charles  Beresford  and  H.  W.  Wilson,  illus.,  $3  —Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots,  from  the  English,  Spanish,  and  Venetian 
State  Papers,  edited  by  Robert  S.  Rait,  illus.,  $1.25. 
(New  Amsterdam  Book  Co. ) 

"The  Beacon  Biographies,"  edited  by  M.  A.  De  Wolfe 
Howe,  new  vols.:  John  Brown,  by  Joseph  Edgar  Charn- 
berlin  ;  Aaron  Burr,  by  Henry  Childs  Merwin  ;  Frederick 
Douglass,  by  Charles  W .  Chestnntt ;  Nathaniel  Hawthorne, 
by  Mrs.  James  T.  Fields;  Thomas  Paine,  by  Ellery 
Sedgwick  ;  each  with  photogravure  frontispiece  and  en- 
graved title-page,  per  vol.,  75  cts.  (Small,  Maynard 
&  Co.) 

Kate  Field,  a  record,  by  Lilian  Whiting,  with  portraits,  $2. — 
Elizabeth  Barrett  Browning,  a  study,  by  Lilian  Whiting, 
with  portrait,  $1.25.  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.) 

A  Preacher's  Life,  an  autobiography,  by  Joseph  Parker, 
D.D.,  illus.  (T.  Y.  Crowell&Co.) 

The  Autobiography  of  Charles  Haddon  Spurgeon,  Vol.  III., 
illus.,  $2.50. —  James  Evans,  the  Apostle  of  the  North,  by 
Rev.  Egerton  R.  Young,  D.D.,  illus.,  $1.25.  (F.  H 
Revell  Co.) 


182 


TIIK    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


HISTORY. 

The  Dutch  and  Quaker  Colonies  in  America,  by  John  Fiske, 
2  vols.,  with  maps,  $4.  —  The  End  of  an  Era,  by  John  >. 
Wiee.  $2.  —  The  Narraganaett  Friends'  Meeting  in  the 
Eighteenth  Century,  by  Caroline  Hazard.  (Hough ton, 
Mifflin  &  Co.) 

The  Story  of  France,  by  Thomas  E.  Wataon,  Vol.  II.,  The 
Herolution. —  The  United  Kingdom,  a  political  history,  by 
Gold  win  Smith.  D.C.L..  2  volt.—  The  WeUh  People,  their 
origin,  language,  and  history,  by  John  Rhys  and  David 
Brynmor  Jones,  Q.C.  —  The  Roman  History  of  Appian  of 
Alexandria,  trans,  from  the  Greek  by  Horace  White,  M.A., 
2  vols.— Syllabus  of  European  History,  with  bibliographies, 
16CXM890.  by  H.  Morse  Stephens,  M.A.—  A  History  of  tl,.- 
British  Army,  by  the  Hon.  J.  W.  Forteacue.  "2  vols.,  illuti. 
—  Select  Charters,  and  other  documents  illustrative  of 
American  history,  1606-1775,  edited  by  William  Mai- 
Dtinalil.  —  American  History  Told  by  Contemporaries 
edited  by  Albert  Bnshnell  Hart,  Vol.  III.,  National  Ex- 
pansion, 17*3-1*45. — Roman  Society  in  the  Last  Century  of 
the  Western  Empire,  by  Samuel  Dill,  new  and  cheaper 
edition. — A  Survey  of  Greek  Civilization,  by  J.  P.  Mahait'y, 
D.D.,  new  edition,  illns.  —  The  Growth  of  the  American 
Nation,  by  H.  P.  Judson,  new  edition.  ( Macmillan  Co. ) 

History  of  the  United  States,  by  James  Ford  Rhodes.  Vol. 
IV.,  with  maps,  $2.50. —  Historic  Sidelights,  by  Howard 
Payson  Arnold,  illns.,  8*2.50.  —  The  Northwest  under 
Three  Flags,  by  Charles  Moore,  illns.,  $2.50.— The  Philip- 

B'  lie  Expedition,  by  F.  I).  Millet,  illns.,  (2.50.—  Grate's 
istory  of  Greece,  new  library  edition,  10  vols.,  $17.50. 
( Harper  &  Brothers. ) 

The  River  War,  an  account  of  the  recovery  of  the  Soudan, 
by  Winston  Spencer  Churchill,  edited  by  Colonel  F.  Rhodes. 
D.S.O.,2  vols..  illus. — The  English  Radicals,  an  historical 
sketch,  by  C.  B.  Roylance  Kent.— A  History  of  Spain,  by 
Ulick  Ralph  Burke.  M.  A.,  new  and  cheaper  edition,  edited 
by  Major  M.  A.  S.  Hume,  2  vols.  —  Drake  and  the  Tudor 
Navy,  by  Julian  Corbett,  new  and  cheaper  edition,  2  vols., 
Ulna.  (Longmans,  Green.  A  Co.) 

"  American  Explorer  Series,"  new  vols. :  On  the  Trail  of  a 
Spanish  Pioneer,  being  the  diary  of  Francisco  Carces, 
missionary  priest,  in  his  travels  through  Sonoro,  Arizona, 
and  California.  1775-1776.  now  first  trans,  from  the  orig- 
inal Spanish  MS.  and  edited  by  Dr.  Elliott  Coues,  2  vols., 
illus.,  $6.  net.  (Francis  P.  Harper.) 

A  History  of  the  Dutch  People,  by  Petrns  Johannes  Blok,  trans, 
by  Oscar  A.  Bierstadt  and  Ruth  Putnam,  in  3  parts.  Parts 
I.  and  II.,  each  with  maps,  $2.50.— Roman  Life  under  the 
Caesars,  by  Emile  Thomas,  illns.— "Story  of  the  Nations" 
series,  new  vol.:  Modern  Spain,  17XK-1K98,  by  M.  A.  S. 
Hume,  illus..  $1.50.— The  Eve  of  the  Reformation  in  Great 
Britain,  by  Francis  Adrian  Gasquet.  —  Historic  Towns  of 
the  Middle  States,  edited  by  Lyraan  P.  Powell,  D.D..  with 
Introduction  by  Dr.  Albert  Shaw,  illus.,  $3.50.  (G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons. ) 

A  History  of  the  United  States  during  the  Civil  War,  by 
James  Schonler,  $2.25.  —  A  History  of  the  United  State* 
from  the  Adoption  of  the  Constitution  to  the  Close  of  the 
Civil  War,  by  James  Sohonler,  revised  edition,  (\  vols., 
$13.50.  ( Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. ) 

A  History  of  American  Privateers,  by  Edgar  Stan  ton  Maclay, 
illns.  —  History  of  the  People  of  the  United  States,  by 
Prof.  John  B.  MoMaster,  Vol.  V.,  with  maps.  (D.  Appleton 
A  Co.) 

History  of  America  before  Columbus,  by  Rev.  P.  De  Roo, 
2  vols.—  The  Heart  of  Asia,  a  history  of  Russian  Turkestan 
and  the  Central  Asian  Khanates,  by  Francis  Henry  Skrine 
and  Edward  Denison  Ross,  illns.,  $3.50. — Robespierre  and 
the  Red  Terror,  by  Dr.  Jan  Ten  Brink,  trans,  from  the 
Dutch  by  J.  Hedeman,  illns.,  $3.50.  (J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.) 

Napoleon's  Invasion  of  Russia,  by  Hereford  B.  George, 
F.  R.  G.  S..  with  maps  and  plans.  $4.— The  History  of  Cor- 
sica, by  L.  H.  Caird,  $1.75.— Lockhart's  Advance  through 
Tireh.  bv  Capt.  L.  J.  Shad  well,  illns.,  $3.  (New  Ams- 
terdam Book  Co.) 

Seignobos's  Political  History  of  Contemporary  Europe,  1814- 
1K!<H,  trans,  nnder  the  supervision  of,  and  edited  by.  Prof. 
Silas  M.  Macvane.  ( Henry  Holt  A  Co.) 

Maximilian  in  Mexico,  a  woman's  reminiscences  of  the  French 
Intervention.  WEMJW7,  by  Sara  Yorke  Stevenson,  illus., 
$2.50.  (Century  Co.) 

East  Tennessee  and  the  Civil  War,  by  Oliver  P.  Temple, 
with  map  and  portraits,  $3.50  net.  (Robert  Clarke  Co.) 

Twenty  Famous  Naval  Battles,  Salamis  to  Santiago,  by  Prof. 
E.  K.  Rawson,  2  vols.,  illns.,  $4.  (T.  Y.  Crowell  A  Co.) 


The  Clans  of  the  Scottish  Highlands,  by  R.  R.  Mclan,  with 
72  plates  in  colors,  $3.50  net.  ( F.  A.  Stokes  Co. ) 

The  Log  of  the  "  Gloucester,"  published  bv  permission  of 
the  Navy  Department,  illus..  $1.50.  (J.  F.  Taylor  A  Co.) 

The  Puritan  Republic,  by  Daniel  Wait  Howe,  $3.50.  (Bowen- 
Merrill  Co.) 

Essays  ou  Subjects  connected  with  the  Reformation  in  En- 
gland, by  the  late  Samuel  Roffey  M.ii'lm.l.  D.D..  with 
Introduction  by  Arthur  W.  Uutton,  M.  A.,  $2.  (John  Lane.) 

The  Puritan  as  a  (Colonist  and  a  Reformer,  by  Ezra  Hoyt 
Byington.  illus..  $'2.  ( Little,  Brown,  A  Co. ) 

France  and  Italy,  by  Imbert  de  Saint-Amand,  with  portraits, 
$1 .50.  ( Charles  Scri  oner's  Sons. ) 

Judea,  from  Cyrus  to  Titus,  537  B.  C.-70  A  D.,  by  Elizabeth 
W.  Latimer,  illus..  $2.50.  (A.  C.  MoClurg  &  Co.) 

From  Yaoco  to  Las  Marias,  the  story  of  the  recent  campaign 
in  Western  Porto  Rico,  by  Karl  Stephen  Herrmann,  late 
private  U. S.  A.,  illos.,  $1.  (R.  G.  Badger  &  Co.) 

Biographical  Sketches  of  Some  Ancient  People,  by  S.  M. 
Burnham,  M.  A.,  illus.,  $2.  (A.  I.  Bradley  A  Co.) 

The  Territorial  Acquisitions  of  the  United  States,  a  historical 
review,  by  Edward  Bivkwell,  50c.  (Small,  Maynard  A  Co.) 

A  Pocket  History  of  the  American  Navy  and  Naval  Com- 
manders, compiled  and  arranged  by  Cromwell  Childe, 
illus. ,  25  ota.  ( Bonnell,  Silver  A  Co. ) 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

An  American  Anthology,  by  Edmund  Clarence  Stedraan.  — 
Contemporaries,  by  Thomas  Wentworth  Higginson,  $2. — 
letters  and  Passages  from  letters  of  Ralph  Waldo  Emer- 
son to  a  Friend,  1H3H-1H53,  edited  by  Charles  Kli.-t  Norton. 
—  A  Century  of  Science,  and  other  essays,  by  John  Fiske, 
$2.— Letters  to  Washington,  edited  by  Stanislaus  Murray 
Hamilton,  Vol.  II.,  1756-1758,  $5.  net.— The  Prose  of  Ed- 
ward Rowland  Sill,  being  essays  in  literature  and  educa- 
tion, and  friendly  letters. — Sonnets,  rendering  into  English 
selections  from  Bion,  Moschus,  and  Bxrchylides.  by  Lloyd 
Mifflin.  —  Sonnets  and  Madrigals  of  Michel  Angulo  Buon- 
arroti, rendered  into  English  verse  by  William  Wells 
Newell,  with  Italian  text.— Two  Tragedies  of  Seneca,  ren- 
dered into  English  verse  by  Ella  Isabel  Harris,  75  eta. 
(Houghton,  Mifflin  A  Co.) 

The  Letters  of  Robert  Louis  Stevenson,  edited  by  Sidney 
Colvin,  2  vols..  illns.,  $5.  —  American  Lands  and  Letters, 
by  Donald  G.  Mitchell  ("  Ik  Marvel "),  Vol.  H.,  leather- 
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1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


183 


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184 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


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did Ponenna,  by  Mrs.  Hugh  Kraser,  $1.25.  —  A  Son  of 
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1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


185 


Knights  of  the  Cross,  an  historical  romance  of  Poland  and 
Germany,  by  Henryk  Sienkiewicz,  authorized  translation 
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Kingdom  to  Colony,  by  Mary  Devereux,  illus.,  $1.50. — 
Invisible  Links.  bySelrnaLagerlof,  trans  from  the  Swedish 
by  Pauline  B.  Flach,  $1.50.— Saragossa,  a  story  of  Spanish 
valor,  by  Benito  Perez  Galdos,  trans  from  the  Spanish  by 
Minna  Caroline  Smith,  $1.50. — File  Number  One  Hundred 
and  Thirteen,  by  Emile  Gaboriau,  trans,  from  the  French 
by  George  Burnham  Ives,  $1.50.  —  The  Sword  of  Justice, 
by  Sheppard  Stevens,  $1.25.  —  The  Bronze  Buddha,  by 
Cora  Linn  Daniels,  $1.50.  —  The  Prince  of  the  House  of 
David  series,  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Ingraham,  new  illustrated 
edition,  3  vols.,  each  $1.  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.) 

Rose  Island,  a  novel  of  love  and  adventure  at  sea,  by 
W.  Clark  Russell,  $1.25.  — To  London  Town,  by  Arthur 
Morrison,  $1.50.  —  The  Human  Interest,  a  study  in  incom- 
patibilities, by  Violet  Hunt.  —  Love  Made  Manifest,  by 
Guy  Boothby.  illus.,  $1.50.  — Was  It  Right  to  Forgive? 
by  Amelia  E.  Barr,  $1.50.  — Marshfield,  the  Observer, 
short  stories,  by  Egerton  Castle.  —  San  Isidro,  a  romance 
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Amsterdam  Book  Co.) 


186 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


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1899.] 


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187 


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188 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


History,  Prophecy  and  the  Monuments,  by  James  Frederick 
MoCnrdy.  Ph.D..  Vol.  Hi.,  i comply ing  the  work),  To 
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1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


189 


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190 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


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1899.] 


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191 


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REFERENCE. 
"A.  L.  A.  Index"  to  General   Literature,   by  William  I. 

Fletcher,   second   edition,   much   enlarged. — "  A.  L.  A. 

Index  "to  Portraits,    edited  by  William  Coolidge  Lane, 

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Ackermann.     ( Werner  Co. ) 
American  Jewish  Year  Book,  SfiGO,  1899-1900,  edited  by  Dr. 

Cyrus  Adler.     (Jewish  Publication  Society.) 
Nugent's  French-English  and  English-French  Dictionary,  by 

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Taylor,  $5. —  Hits  at,  Politics,  a  collection  of  cartoons, 
by  W.  A.  Rogers,  $3.50.— Allers'  Drawings,  43  litho- 


graphic reproductions  of  drawings  by  C.  W.  Allers,  $3.75. 
— Plantation  Sketches,  drawings  by  J.  Campbell  Phillips, 
$3. —  Drawings,  society  pictures,  by  Malcolm  A.  Strauss, 
$2. —  Kemble's  Sketch  Book,  a  facsimile  reproduction  of 
one  of  E.  W.  Kemble's  note  books,  $1.25.  — In  Laughland, 
comic  drawings,  by  Henry  Mayer,  $1.75. — Three  Bears, 
comic  drawings,  by  Frank  Verbeck,  $1.25.  —  New  Calen- 
dars for  1900:  Pickaninny  Calendar,  by  E.  W.  Kemble, 
$1.25;  Zodiac  Calendar,  by  Chester  Loomis.  $1.25  ;  Revo- 
luionary  Calendar,  by  E.  C.  Peixotto,  $1.50;  Golf  Calen- 
dar, by  Edward  Penfield,  new  edition  with  new  designs, 
$1.;  Cupid  Calendar,  by  J.  Campbell  Phillips,  $2.50; 
Soldier,  Frontier,  Cowboy,  and  Indian  Calendars,  by 
Frederick  Remington,  each  $1.;  Animal  Calendar,  by 
Frank  Verbeck,  $1.50.  (R.  H.  Russell.) 

Out- Door  Pictures,  24  fac-similes  in  colors,  etc.,  of  drawings 
by  Thule  De  Thulstrup,  $5. — ,Indian  Pictures,  b'  fac-simi- 
les of  water-colors  by  E.  W.  Deming,  $4  — Wild  Flowers, 
12  fac-similes  in  colors  of  water-color  paintings  by  Mrs. 
Ellis  Rowan,  $3. —The  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  by  Oliver 
Goldsmith,  illus.  in  colors  by  Francis  D.  Bedford,  $2. — 
Cupid  and  the  Footlights,  by  James  L.  Ford,  illus.  by 
Archie  Gunn,  $1.50.  (F.  A.  Stokes  Co.) 

Life  and  Character,  a  collection  of  50  drawings  by  W.  T. 
Smedley,  with  accompanying  text  by  A.  V.  S.  Anthony, 
with  portrait  frontispiece  and  biographical  sketch  of 
Mr.  Smedley  by  Arthur  Hoeber,  $5. — Their  Silver- Wed- 
ding Journey,  by  William  Dean  Howells,  special  illus- 
trated edition,  2  vols.,  illus.  by  W.  T.  Smedley,  $5. 
(Harper  &  Brothers.) 

Montcalm  and  Wolfe,  by  Francis  Parkman,  with  40  photo- 
gravures by  Howard  Pyle  and  from  historical  portraits, 
etc.,  2  vols.,  $6.  —  The  Three  Musketeers,  by  Alexan- 
dre  Dumas,  illus.  with  photogravures  and  etchings, 
2  vols.,  $3.50. —  Elizabethan  Songs,  and  Victorian  Songs, 
collected  and  illustrated,  in  photogravure,  etc.,  by  Ed- 
niiiiKl  H.  Garrett,  new  editions,  each  $4  — Poems  by  Keats 
and  Shelley,  illus.  by  E.  H.  Garrett,  $1.50.  — Three  Nor- 
mandy Inns,  by  Anna  Bowman  Dodd,  illustrated  holiday 
edition,  $3.  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.) 

Sketches  in  Egypt,  by  Charles  Dana  Gibson,  $3.  net ;  edition 
de  luxe,  signed,  with  portfolio  of  10  plates  on  Japan  paper, 
$10.  net. — Widdicombe  Fair,  words  and  music,  illus.  in 
colors,  etc.,  by  Pamela  Colman  Smith,  limited  edition, 
each  copy  with  original  sketch,  $5.  net. —  The  Golden 
Vanity  and  The  Green  Bed,  words  and  music,  illus.  with 
stencil  reproductions  of  drawings  by  Pamela  Colman  Smith, 
$2.50. — Kipling  Kalendar  for  1900,  with  bas  relief  mount 
in  embossed  brass  by  J.  Lockwood  Kipling,  $3  50. — The 
Kipling  Birthday  Book,  compiled  by  Joseph  Finn,  illus. 
by  J.  Lockwood  Kipling,  $1.  (Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.) 

Hugh  Wynne,  by  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell,  "  Continental"  edi- 
tion, illus.  with  12  photogravures  by  Howard  Pyle,  and 
from  old  prints,  photographs,  etc. ,2  vols.,  $5. — "Thumb- 
Nail  Series, "new  vols.:  Rip  Van  Winkle,  and  The  Legend 
of  Sleepy  Hollow,  by  Washington  Irving,  with  Introduc- 
tion by  Joseph  Jefferson  ;  Meditations  of  Marcus  Aurelius, 
trans,  by  Benjamin  E.  Smith;  each  illus.,  $1.  (Cen- 
tury Co. ) 

Salons,  Colonial  and  Republican,  by  Anne  H.  Wharton,  illus. 
with  reproductions  of  portraits  and  miniatures,  $3.  — 
Homes  and  Haunts  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,  by  Alexander 
Mackennel,  D.D.,  with  colored  frontispiece,  and  100  illus- 
trations by  Charles  Whymple,  $10.  net ;  limited  large 
paper  edition,  $15.  net. —  Flowers  in  the  Pave,  by  Charles 
M.  Skinner,  illus.  in  photogravure,  $1.50.  (J.  B.  Lippin- 
cott Co. ) 

The  Grandissimes,  by  George  W.  Cable,  illus.  in  photograv- 
ure, etc.,  by  Albert  Herter,  $6.;  limited  edition  on  Japan 
paper,  $12.  net. —  Santa  Glaus'  Partner,  by  Thomas  Nelson 
Page,  illus.  in  colors  by  W.  Glackens,  $150.  —  Modern 
Daughters,  by  Alexander  Black,  illus  with  photographs 
taken  by  the  author,  $2.50. — A  Child's  Primer  of  Natural 
History,  by  Oliver  Herford,  illus.  by  the  author.  (Charles 
Scribner's  Sons.) 

Shakespeare's  As  You  Like  It,  illus.,  in  colors,  etc.,  by  Will 
H.  Low.  $2.50.— My  Study  Fire,  by  H.  W.  Mabie,  illus. 
by  Maude  and  Genevieve  Cowles,  $2.50. — Janice  Meredith, 
by  Paul  Leicester  Ford,  illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  by 
Howard  Pyle  and  his  pupils.  2  vols..  $4  — Rip  Van  Winkle, 
the  text  of  the  play  by  Joseph  Jefferson,  illns.  by  Richard 
Creifelds,  new  edition,  $2.50. —  Silas  Marner,  by  George 
Eliot,  illus.  by  R.  B.  Birch,  $2.—  Poems  of  Cabin  and 
Field,  by  Paul  Laurence  Dun  bur,  illus.  by  the  Hampton 
Students'  Camera  Club,  $1.50.  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.) 


192 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  !»,. 


Among  English  Hedgerows,  by  Clifton  Job  won.  with  Intro- 
duction by  H.  W.  Mabie,  illus.  from  photographs  by  the 
author. —  Saracinesea,  by  F.  Marion  Crawford,  illus.  in 
photogravure,  etc..  by  Orson  Lowell.  2  vols.— Child  Life 
in  Colonial  Days,  by  Alice  Morse  Earle,  illus.—  Pompeii, 
its  life  and  art,  by  August  Mao,  trans,  by  Francis  W. 
Kelsey,  illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.  (Macmill  m  Co.) 

The  Tent  on  the  Beach,  by  John  Oreenleaf  Wliini.T.  illus. 
in  photogravure  by  Charles  H.  and  Marcia  O.  Woodbury. 
—  Backlog  Studies,  by  Charles  Dudley  Warner,  illus.  by 
E.  H.  Garrett.—  The  Marble  Fann,  by  Nathaniel  Haw- 
thorne, "  Roman"  edition.  '2  vols.,  with  4S  full-page 
pictures.  (  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.) 

The  Indians  of  To-day,  by  George  Bird  Grinnell.  with  50 
portraits  of  famous  chiefs,  and  4  plates  in  colors,  $5.; 
limited  edition  on  handmade  paper,  (10.  tut.  —  A  Book  of 
Portraits  of  Sr  Henry  Irving  and  Miss  Ellen  Terry,  in 
their  best  known  parts,  by  Gordon  Craig,  printed  in  colors. 
(U.S.  Stone  &  Co.) 

England,  Picturesque  and  Descriptive,  reminiscences  of  for- 
eign travel,  by  Joel  Cook,  revised  and  corrected  edition. 
'2  vols.,  illus.  with  50  photogravures.  $5.—  Some  Colonial 
Mansions,  and  those  who  lived  in  them,  edited  by  Thomas 
Allen  (ileim.  '2  vols.,  illus.  iu  photogravure,  etc.,  $10. — 
Rambles  and  Studies  in  Greece,  by  J.  P.  Mahaffy,  illus. 
with  50  photogravures,  $3.  ( Henry  T.  Coatee  &  Co.) 

Famous  Homes  of  Great  Britain  and  their  Stories,  edited  by 
A.  II.  Malan.  with  '2uO  full- page  illustrations. —  Browning. 
Poet  and  Man,  a  survey,  by  Elisabeth  Luther  Cory,  with 
•25  photogravures.  W  75. —  More  Colonial  Homesteads  and 
their  Stories,  by  Marion  Ilarland.  illus.  in  photogravure, 
etc.,  93. —  Romance  of  the  Feudal  Chateaux,  by  Elizabeth 
W,  Charnpney,  illus.  in  photogravure,  etc. —  Rip  VHII 
Winkle  and  The  Legend  of  Sleepy  Hollow,  by  Washington 
Irving,  illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  by  F.  S.  Coburn,  with 
decorations  by  Margaret  Armstrong.  2  vols. —  Little  Jour- 
neys to  the  Homes  of  Eminent  Painters,  by  Elbert  Hub- 
bard,  illus..  Si. 7.1.  (Q.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.) 

Middleinarch,  by  GeorgA  Eliot,  illns.  in  photogravure,  etc., 
by  Alice  Barber  Stephens,  $'2.50. —  "Faiance  Library," 
new  vols.:  Sou  vest  re's  Attic  Philosopher,  Kipling's  Bar- 
rack-Room Ballads,  Hawthorne's  Blithdole  Romance, 
Rostand's  Cyrano  de  Bergerac,  Emerson's  Early  Poems, 
Emerson's  English  Traits,  Favorite  Poems,  Hoimes's  Early 
Poems,  Longfellow's  Voices  of  the  Night,  La  Biete's  My 
Uncle  and  My  Cur<5,  Tennyson's  Princess,  Curtia's  Prue 
and  I,  Hawthorne's  Snow  Image,  Thoreau's  Walden, 
Whit  tier's  Early  Poems;  each  with  photogravure  frontis- 
piece and  title-page,  per  vol.,  75  cts. —  "Copley  Series," 
first  vols.:  Haievy's  Abbe  Constantin.  Kipling's  Barrack- 
Room  Ballads,  Mr*.  Gaskell's  Crauford,  Longfellow 'M 
Evangelioe.  Longfellow's  Hiawatha,  Hawthorne's  House 
of  Seven  Gables,  Meredith's  Lucille,  Curtis's  Prne  and  I ; 
each  with  frontispiece  in  colors,  per  vol..  $1. — "Heidelberg 
Series  of  Classic  Prose  and  Poetry,"  13  vols.,  each  illus.. 
and  decorated  with  floral  designs  printed  in  tint,  per  vol., 
$1.25. — "I  *aurel  Series"  of  booklets,  new  volft.:  Coleridge's 
Ancient  Mariner,  Goldsmith's  Deserted  Village,  Poo's 
Gold  Bug.  Gray's  Elegy.  Kipling's  Recessional;  per  vol., 
•25  cts.  (T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.) 

Historical  Memorials  of  Westminister  Abbey,  by  Arthur 
Penrhyn  Stanley.  D.D.,  new  edition,  '2  vols.,  illus.  in  pho- 
togravure, etc.,  $6. —  Historical  Memorials  of  Canterbury, 
by  Arthur  Penrhyn  Stanley,  D.I).,  new  edition,  illns.  in 
photogravure,  etc.,  $3.  (George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.) 

I  Have  Called  You  Friends,  by  Irene  E.  Jerome,  illns.  in 
colors  by  the  author,  new  edition,  $2. —  For  Love's  Sweet 
Sake,  selected  poems  of  love  in  all  moods,  edited  by  G. 
Hembert  Westley,  illus.,  $1.50.—  The  Annals  of  Mv  Col- 
lege Life,  designed  and  illustrated  by  Frances  Freiot 
Gilbert,  $1.50.  ( Lee  &  Shepard. ) 

The  Price  of  Blood,  an  extravaganza  of  New  York  life  in 
1807,  written  and  illus.  by  Howard  Pyle.  $1.25. —The 
Sirens  Three,  by  Walter  Crane,  $1.25.— The  Fairy  Spin- 
ning Wheel,  by  Catnlle  Mendtfs,  with  pictures  by  Marion 
L.  Peabody,  $1.50.—  Illustrated  Ditties  of  the  Olden  Time, 
75  cts.  ( R.  G.  Badger  A  Co. ) 

An  Alphabet  of  Celebrities,  pictures  and  verses,  by  Oliver 
Herford.  with  decorations  by  B.  G.  Goodhue.  $1.50.  —  In 
Case  of  Need  (These  May  Come  Handy),  by  Ralph  Ber- 
gengren.  with  20  full-page  pictures  by  the  author,  $1.25. 
(Small,  Maynard  A  Co.) 

Germany's  Army  and  Navy,  compiled  from  the  latest  an* 
thorities,  with  articles  by  Major-General  Von  Specht< 
illus.  with  41  plates  in  colors,  $10.  (Werner  Co.) 


Cathedrals  of  England,  "Cloister"  edition.  2  vols.,  illns.  in 
photogravure,  etc.,  $10.  net.— The  Mad<mn.i  in  Legend 
and  History,  by  Mrs.  Eliza  bet  I.  illus  with  re- 

productions of  famous  paintings,  $1.50.—  '1 1>-  \  >-n.u  of 
the  Madonna,  by  Grace  L.  Slocum,  \*ith  photogravure 
frontispiece.  60  cts.— The  F.  B.  M  Hook,  ar- 

ranged by  Florence  Witts,  75  cts.    (TfcoiBM  Whit  taker. ) 

Christ  in  Art,  by  Joseph  Lewis  French,  illus.  in  photograv- 
ure, etc,,  $2. —  Famous  Actors  of  the  Day  in  America, 
and  Famous  Actreases  of  the  Day  in  America,  by  Lewis 
C.  Strong,  each  illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  per  vol., 
$1  50.—  Famous  Violinists  of  To-Day  and  Yesterday,  by 
Henry  C.  Lahee.  illus.  with  ID  photogravures,  $1.50. — 
The  National  Mimic  of  America  and  its  Souices,  by 
Louis  C.  Eltton,  illus.  in  photogravure,  etc..  $1.50. — "Ivor- 
ine  Gift  Books,"  new  vols. :  FilzGerald's  Rubaiydt  of 
Omar  Khayyam  ;  Poems  of  American  Patriotism,  edited 
by  R.  L.  Paget ;  each  illus..  $1.  (  L.  C.  Page  A  Co.) 

Omar  Khayjam  Calendar.  12  sketches  in  colors  by  Blanche 
McMauus,  with  appropriate  selections,  $1.50;  dr.  luxe 
edition,  on  Japan  paper.  $3.  i,»t. —  A  Smokers'  Calendar. 
12  sketches  in  colors  by  Blanche  MuManus.  SI.--";  etltlion 
deluxe,  on  Japan  paper,  $'2.50  nrt. —  Kobahat  of  Omar 
Khayydm,  trans,  by  Edward  FilzGeralH,  with  <)••• 
borders  by  Blanche  McManns.  $1.— Ballad  of  Kant  and 
West,  by  Rudvard  Kipling,  illm.  in  tint  by  Blanche  Mc- 
Manus, $1. —  Keceaiioiihl.  by  Uudyard  Ktplinif.  illus.  in 
colors  by  Blanche  McMunus,  $1. —  Kipling  Calendar  for 
I'.MK).  $1. — The  Best  ilymus,  H  series  ot  Id  popular  hymns, 
printed  with  page  decorations  in  tint,  fintt  vuls  :  Bells 
across  the  Snow,  by  K.  R.  Havergul ;  l^ead  Kindly  Light, 
by  Cardinal  Newman  ;  per  vol.,  .".o  cu.  I  M.  F.  Man^i-l-l 
tfe  A.  Wessels.  | 

Riley  Love  Lyrics,  selections  from  the  poetry  of  James  Wl i it- 
comb  Riley,  illus.  with  .r><>  studies  from  lile  by  Win.  K. 
Dyer,  $1.25.  ( Bowen  Merrill  Co.) 

MlSCKLL. \NKOUS. 

The  Ship,  her  Story,  by  W.  Clark  Rtwll,  illus..  $2.— The 
Modern  Jew,  by  Arnold  White,  $2  —Our  Friend  I'M-  !>...,•. 
a  complete  practical  guide,  by  C.  M.  M.ilJcs.  M.D.I;  N  . 
illus.,  j>3.50. — The  Magic  Mirror  of  Michat  1  Nostradamus, 
also  the  Aritbmomancy  of  Count  Caglioatro,  a  coin 
fortune-teller,  illus.,  $1.23. —  The  Fun  and  Fighting  of 
the  Rough  Riders,  by  Tom  Hall,  50  cts.  (F.  A.  Stokes 
Co.) 

Sketches  of  Lowly  Life  in  a  Great  City,  drawings  by  M.  A. 
Woolf,  edited  by  Joseph  Henins.—  Principles  of  Public 
Speaking,  by  Guy  Carleton  Lee. —  Embroidery  and  Lace, 
manufacture  and  history,  by  Ernest  I-ieflbure.  trans,  and 
enlarged  by  Alan  S.  Cole,  illus  .  $'2.50.  —  The  Art  of 
Dining,  by  Abraham  Hay  ward.  Q  C..  edited  by  Charleit 
bayle,  with  portrait,  $1.75. — Wood  -Working  for  Begin- 
ners, a  manual  for  amateurs,  by  Charles  G.  Wheeler, 
illus.  (G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.) 

A  Manual  of  Coaching,  by  Fairman  Rogers,  illus.,  $6.  net. — 
Modern  Mechanism,  a  resume  of  recent,  progress  in  me- 
chanical, physical,  and  engine. Timr  progress,  by  Charles 
Henry  Cochrane.  new  and  enlarged  edition,  illus,  $1.50. — 
Lessons  in  Graphic  Shorthand  (Gxbelsberger),  prepared 
for  the  American  public  by  Chus.  R.  Lippmann,  Si .  net. — 
Know  Your  Own  bhip,  by  Thomas  Walton,  fourth  edition. 
greatly  enlarged,  illus.,  S'2  50.  ( J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  I 

Old  English  Plate,  ecclesiastical,  decorative,  and  dompstir. 
its  makers  and  marks,  by  Wilfred  J.  Cripps,  revised  and 
enlarged  edition,  illus.,  $<>.  —  Naval  Yarns,  as  told  by 
men -of- wars-men,  liilii  Is.'H.  collected  and  edited  by 
W.  R.  Long,  illus.,  $1.50.  (Francis  P.  Harper.) 

History  of  the  Devil,  by  Dr.  Paul  Carus,  illus.  (Open  Court 
Publishing  Co.) 

Home  Study  Circle,  edited  by  Seymour  Eaton,  first  vols.: 
Literature.  First  Course  in  Mathematics,  and  The  World's 
Famous  Scientists:  each  illus.,  $1.  net. —  How  to  be  Pretty 
though  Plain,  by  Mrs.  Humphry,  illus.,  50  cts.  (Doable- 
day  &  McClnre  Co. ) 

The  Hostess  of  To- Day.  by  Linda  Hull  Lamed,  illus.,  $1.50. 
(Charles  Scribner's  Sons. ) 

Salads,  Sandwiches,  and  Chafing-Dish  Dainties,  by  Janet 
Mackenzie  Hill,  illus.  from  photographs,  $1.50.  (Little, 
Brown.  A  Co.) 

Pen  Pictures  of  Mormonism,  by  Rev.  M.  L.  Oswalt. —  Roman- 
ism in  its  Home,  by  John  11.  Eager,  D.D.  (Am.  Baptist 
Publication  Society.) 

The  Table,  how  to  buy  food,  how  to  cook  it,  and  how  to 
serve  it,  by  Aleasaudro  Filippini.  revised  edition,  with 
supplement,  $1.25.  ( M.  F.  Mansfield  A  A.  Wessels. ) 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


193 


The  Dog:,  its  management  and  diseases,  by  Prof.  J.  Wood- 
roffe  Hill,  new  edition,  illus.  (  Macmillan  Co. ) 

A  Hand- Book  of  Wrestling,  by  Hugh  F.  Leonard,  illus.,  $2.; 
edition  de  Luxe,  $5.  ( J.  F.  Taylor  &  Co.) 

Christian  Science  and  Other  Superstitions,  by  J.  M.  Buckley, 
LL.1X,  50  cts.  (Century  Co.) 

Search  Lights  on  Christian  Science,  a  symposium. —  Confi- 
dential Talks  with  Married  Folks,  by  Lyman  B.  Sperry, 
M.  D.,  $1. — Woman's  Possibilities  and  Limitations,  by 
Rev.  Stephen  W.  Dana,  D.D.,  up  cts.— From  Girlhood  to 
Motherhood,  by  Mary  Lowe  Dickinson,  30  cts. —  Lovers 
Alway,  a  wedding  souvenir,  by  Rev.  F.  B.  Meyer,  B.A., 
with  decorations.  (F.  H.  Revell  Co.) 

The  Funny  Side  of  Politics,  by  George  S.  Hilton,  $1.25. 
(G.  W  Dillingham  Co.) 

Mr.  Blackburne's  Games  at  Chess,  selected,  annotated,  and 
arranged  by  himself,  edited,  with  biographical  sketch, 
etc.,  by  P.  Anderson  Graham.  (Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.) 

The  Catt.le  Doctor,  by  George  Armitage,  new  edition,  re- 
vised to  date,  $7.50.— The  Art  of  Thinking,  by  T.  S. 
Knowlton.  $1.  (K.  Warne  &  Co.) 

The  Cocktail  Book,  a  guide  to  the  art  of  mixing  drinks,  75  cts. 
(L.  C.  Page  &  Co.) 

Bringing  up  Boys,  a  study,  by  Kate  Upson  Clark,  50  cts. 
(T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.) 

The  Waif,  by  William  Tompkins  Mersereau,  illus.,  25  cts. 
(New  York  :  The  Waif  Co.) 


LITERARY  NOTES. 


"  A  Short  History  of  the  Progress  of  Scientific 
Chemistry  in  Our  Own  Times,"  by  Dr.  William  A. 
Tildeu,  has  just  been  published  by  Messrs.  Longmans, 
Green,  &  Co. 

"  Ten  Orations  of  Cicero,  with  Selections  from  the 
Letters,"  edited  by  President  \V.  R.  Harper  and  Mr. 
Frank  A.  Gallup,  is  one  of  the  latest  publications  of  the 
American  Book  Co. 

Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  publish  a  volume  of  "  Cinq 
Histoires,"  by  MM.  Claretie,  Dumas,  Maupassant, 
Daudet,  and  Maistre,  edited  by  MM.  Baptiste  Me"ras 
and  Sigmon  M.  Stern. 

The  Moravian  Book  Concern,  of  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  will 
publish  shortly  a  book  descriptive  of  travel  in  Europe 
half  a  century  ago,  entitled  "Fifty  Years  After,"  by 
Mrs.  Mary  Wiley  Staver. 

Messrs.  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.  are  the  American  pub- 
lishers of  "  A  Selection  from  the  Poetical  Works  of 
James  Thomson,"  as  edited  by  Mr.  Bertram  Dobell, 
the  English  publisher,  and  also  one  of  the  closest  of 
Thomson's  friends. 

The  effect  of  the  dramatization  of  a  novel  upon  the 
sales  of  the  book  is  strikingly  shown  in  the  eases  of 
"  Rupert  of  Hentzau  "  and  "  The  Gadfly,"  the  stage 
representation  of  which  has  been  attended  by  a  demand 
for  a  new  edition  in  each  case. 

Among  American  novels  that  have  won  success 
abroad  is  "  When  Knighthood  Was  in  Flower,"  which 
has  reached  its  tenth  thousand  in  Canada,  and  is  being 
translated  into  German.  Its  sales  in  this  country  have 
reached  nearly  a  hundred  thousand,  those  for  August 
being  the  largest  since  its  publication. 

The  prospective  publication,  by  Messrs.  Henry  Holt 
&  Co.,  of  Vicar  Thompson's  memoir  of  the  great  lexi- 
cographer Liddell  will  be  awaited  with  especial  interest 
by  lovers  of  Thackeray.  Liddell  and  Trackeray  both 
went  to  the  Charterhouse  school,  where  Liddell  some- 
times did  Thackeray's  Latin  exercises  for  him.  Though 
one  went  to  Oxford  and  the  other  to  Cambridge,  they 
remained  life-long  friends.  It  was  Mrs.  Liddell  who, 


when  "  Vanity  Fair  "  was  appearing,  asked  Thackeray  to 
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Valley,"  a  work  planned  and  edited  by  Mr.  John  James 
Piatt,  and  containing  contributions  by  such  writers  as  Mr. 
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extend  to  four  hundred  pages,  and  will  be  richly  fur- 
nished with  illustrations. 

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with  another  to  assassinate  her  husband  Albovine,  in 
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and  pledge  Alboviue  in  a  toast.  The  way  in  which 
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209 
162 
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196 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


A.  C.  MCCLURG  &  CO.'S 

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The  City  of  Dreadful  Night, 

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1  The  City  of  Dreadful  Night" 


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Moments  with  Art: 

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Famous  Homes  of  Great  Britain 

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Little  Journeys 

To  THE  HOMES  OF  EMINENT  PAINTERS.  By  ELBERT 
HUBBARD.  With  portraits  and  other  illustrations. 
1  I'M m>,  gilt  top,  81.75. 

CONTENTS : 

Michael  Angelo.  Titian.  Ary  Scheffer. 

Rembrandt.  Fortnny.  Outtare  Dore. 

Peter  Paul  Rubens.       Jean  Francois  Millet.    Erneat  MeUaonier. 
Joshua  Reynold*.          Anthony  Van  Dyok.      Edwin  L*nd»eer. 

Previutu  "Little  Jovrnfyi  "  : 

FAMOUS  WOMEN.  AMERICAN  AUTHORS. 

GOOD  MEN  AND  GREAT.  AMERICAN  STATESMEN. 

Literary  Hearthstones. 

Studies  of  the  Home  Life  of  Certain  Writers  and 
Thinkers.  By  MARION  HARLAND.  Put  up  in  sets 
of  two  volumes  each,  in  boxes.  Fully  illustrated. 
16mo.  The  first  issues  will  be: 

Charlotte  Bronte.  Hannah  More. 

William  Cowper.  John  Knox. 

Love-Letters  of  a  Musician. 

By  MYRTLR  REED.    8vo. 


Browning,  Poet  and  Man. 

A  SURVEY.  By  ELISABETH  LUTHER  GARY.  With 
25  photogravure  illustrations  and  some  wood  cuts. 
Large  8vo,  gilt  top,  in  a  box. 

|  By  the  tame  author :  TENNYSON:  —  His  HOMES,  His 
FRIENDS,  AND  His  WORK.  With  18  photogravure 
illustrations.  Large  8vo,  gilt  top,  in  a  box,  8U.7.",. 

Impressions  of  Spain. 

By  JAMKS  RUSSELL  LOWELL.  Edited  by  JOSEPH 
B.  GILDER.  Introduction  by  A.  A.  ADER.  With 
portrait.  1 -mo. 

The  Troubadours  at  Home. 

Their  Lives  and  Their  Personalities,  Their  Songs 
and  Their  World.  By  JUSTIN  H.  SMITH.  With 
178  illustrations.  2  vols.,  8vo,  86. 

The  True  History  of  Bluebeard. 

A  Contribution  to  History  and  Folk-Lore.  Being 
the  History  of  Gilles  de  Retz,  of  Brittany,  France, 
who  was  executed  at  Nantes  in  1440  A.  D.  By 
THOMAS  WILSON.  Illustrated.  8vo. 

The  Yang-Tse  Valley  and  Beyond. 

An  Account  of  Journeys  in  Central  and  Western 
China.  By  ISABELLA  L.  BIRD  (Mrs.  Bishop),  author 
of  "  Unbeaten  Tracks  in  Japan,"  etc.  With  maps 
and  about  100  full-page  illustrations.  2  vols.,  8vo. 

A  Prisoner  of  the  Khaleefa. 

Twelve  Years'  Captivity  at  Omdurman.  By 
CHARLES  NEUFELD.  Illustrated  with  36  photo- 
graphs taken  by  the  author.  8vo,  400  pages. 

Desiderius  Erasmus, 

OF  ROTTERDAM,  the  Humanist  in  the  Service  of  the 
Reformation.  By  EPHRAIM  EMERTON,  Professor  in 
Harvard  University.  No.  3  in  Reformation  Scrie*. 
Fully  illustrated.  12mo,  81.50. 

Sleepy-Time  Stories. 

By  MAUD  B.  BOOTH  (Mrs.  Ballington  Booth). 
With  a  preface  by  CHAUNCEY  M.  DKPEW.  Illus- 
trated by  MAUD  HUMPHREY.  8vo. 

The  Treasure  of  Mushroom  Rock. 

A  Story  of  Prospecting  in  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
By  SIDFORD  F.  H.\  MI-.  Fully  illustrated.  Large 
12mo,  317  pages,  81.50. 

Bearers  of  the  Burden. 

Being  Stories  of  Laud  and  Sea.  By  Major  W.  P. 
DRURY,  Royal  Marines.  12  mo. 

Smith  Brunt,  U.  S.  N. 

By  WALDRON  K.  POST,  author  of  "  Harvard  Sto- 
ries," etc.  I'Jmo. 

Romance  of  the  Feudal  Chateaux. 

By  ELIZABETH  W.  CHAMPNKY.  Fully  illustrated  with 
photogravure,  halftone,  and  line  plates.  Large  8vo. 


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Q.  P.  PUTNAM'S   SONS, 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


201 


Lee  and  Shepard's  Fall  Publications. 


UNDER  OTIS  IN  THE  PHILIPPINES. 

Or,  A  Young  Officer  in  the  Tropics,  being  the  Fourth 
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BOUND  TO  SUCCEED  SERIES. 

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UNDIVIDED  UNION. 

By  "OLIVER  OPTIC"  (W.  T.  Adams).  Completed  by 
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HENRY  IN  THE  WAR. 

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WE  FOUR  GIRLS. 

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WEE  LUCY'S  SECRET. 

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THE  ANNALS  OF  MY  COLLEGE  LIFE. 

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/  HAYE  CALLED  YOU  FRIENDS. 

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THE  <DOUGLAS  &£OYELS. 

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1899.]  THE     DIAL  203 


A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.'s  New  Publications. 


THE   BEE  PEOPLE. 


TWO  NEW  BOOKS  A  Cnarming.  introduction  to  Natural  History  for  Children.    Illustrated. 

BY  MISS    MORLBY. 


12  mo.    $1.25. 

'  A  work  brimming  over  with  joyous,  healthy  interest.    It  was  written  especially  for  children.    So  much 
cleverness  and  literary  excellence  entitle  Miss  Morley  to  a  rank  among  the  foremost  writers  for  children."—  The  Beacon,  Boston. 

"  The  bee  is  credited  with  powers  of  reasoning,  and  the  troubles  of  the  queen  bee  retaining  her  throne  are  set  forth  hi  a  delightful  fairy- 
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THE  HONEY-MAKERS. 

A  Book  about  Bees  from  a  Scientific  and  Literary  Standpoint.    Illustrated.     12mo.    $1.5O. 
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smelling  laboratory.     In  the  first  portion  of  the  book,  which  deals  with  the  structure,  habits,  and  intelligence  of  the  bee,  much  curious 
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House  of  the  Wizard."  Readers  will  find  this  a  strong  novel — strong  in  plot,  character,  and  scene.  The  main  interest  is  furnished  by  the 
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A  NEW  BOOK  BY 
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TALES  OF  AN  OLD  CHATEAU. 

Illustrated  by  Helen  Maitland  Armstrong.    16mo.    $1.25. 

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JUDEA:    From  Cyrus  to  Titus,  537  B.  C.  to  70  A.  D. 


A  NEW  BOOK  BY 

T      air  /r-niD  Mrs.  Latimer  has  here  given  a  popular  account  of  the  social  and  religious  history  of  the  people  of 

MRS.  LATIMER.  Judea  for  six  hundred  years.    The  book  is  not  written  for  scholars;  it  is  a  simple,  clear,  interesting 

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My  Scrap-Book  of  the  French  Revolution — Spain  in  the  19th  Century — Italy  in  the  19th  Century — 
Europe  in  Africa  in  the  19th  Century— England  in  the  19tn  Century— Russia  and  Turkey  in  the  19th 
Century— France  in  the  19th  Century. 

A  GENERAL  SURVEY  OF  AMERICAN   LITERATURE. 

12mo.    Gilt  Top,  Deckel  Edges.    $1.5O. 


A  NEW  BOOK  BY 


MISS  MARY  FISHER. 


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whole,  and  its  scope  includes  the  entire  field  of  American  polite  literature. 
The  general  reader  will  find  in  the  "  Survey  "  a  work  of  fascinating  interest,  the  profe  jsioual  student  a  stimulus  and  inspiration,  and 
no  one  will  lay  down  her  volume  without  feeling  that  in  this  delightful  treatment  of  American  literature  the  author  has  produced  something 
which  is  itself  literature. 

THOSE   DALE  GIRLS. 

By  Frances  Weston  Carruth.    Illustrated.     12mo.    $1.25. 

"Many  are  the  delightful  stories  written  of  girls  who  are  forced  to  battle  with  the  world,  but  few  are  as  vigorous  and  spirited  as  is 
this  narrative."— The  St.  P'iul  GMe. 

"  '  Those  Dale  Girls  '  makes  a  capital  young  girls'  book.  It  is  wholesome,  high-principled,  and  inspiring,  with  just  enough  sentiment  to 
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THE  DEAR  IRISH   GIRL. 

By  Katharine  Tynan.     12mo.    $1.5O. 

A  charming  story  of  Irish  life  and  character  in  which  the  central  figure  is  a  gently-bred,  winsome  Irish  girl. 

"  It  has  delightful  bits  of  character,  quaint  pictures  of  places  and  people,  the  true  Irish  atmosphere  of  sunny  innocence  and  quick 
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For  sale  by  booksellers  generally,  or  will  be  sent  post-paid  on  receipt  of  price  by 

A.  C.  McCLURQ  &  CO.,  PUBLISHERS,     .     .     .     CHICAGO. 


204  THE     DIAL  [Sept.  16, 


THE  CENTURY  Co.'s  NEW  BOOKS. 

Ready  October  7. 


HUGH   WYNNE— Continental  Edition. 

The  Century  Co.  has  prepared  for  the  present  season  a  new  and  beautiful  edition  of  Dr.  Weir  Mitchell's 
famous  novel  of  the  Revolution,  "  Hugh  Wynne,  Free  Quaker."  It  is  illustrated  with  a  great  number  of 
reproductions  of  old  prints  and  manuscripts,  photographs  of  present  scenes,  and  photogravures  by  Howard 
Pyle.  Rich  binding,  two  volumes,  put  up  in  a  box,  price,  95.00. 

TRAMPING  WITH  TRAMPS.  PRESENT-DAY    EGYPT. 

By  Josiah  Flynt.  By  Frederic  Courtland  Penfield. 

This  is  a  collection  of    the  very   interesting  and  From  1893  to  1897  Mr.  Penfield  was  the  United 

valuable  articles  which  Mr.  Flynt  has  contributed  to  States  Diplomatic  Agent  and  Consul-General  to  Egypt. 

The  Century,  with  new  material,  and  with  a  prefa-  His  book  is  of  interest  to  all  who  have  been  to  Egypt 

tory  note  by  Dr.  Andrew  D.  White,  Ambassador  to  or  who  contemplate  a  trip  to  that  Mecca  of  the  trav- 

Germany,  who  testifies  to  its  great  interest  and  im-  eler.     Richly   illustrated    by    Philippoteauz,    Talbot 

portance.     Fully  illustrated,  cloth,  400  pages,  81.50.  Kelly,  and  from  photographs.     400  pages,  8vo,  f  2.50. 

THE   MANY-SIDED   FRANKLIN. 

By  Paul  Leicester  Ford. 

In  this  richly  illustrated  and  entertaining  book  the  author  of  "  The  True  George  Washington,"  "  The 
Sayings  of  Poor  Richard,"  and  several  popular  novels,  gives  a  vivid  and  readable  account  of  the  eminent  phi- 
losopher and  statesman  who  helped  to  make  history  in  England,  France,  and  America.  500  pages,  8vo,  83.00. 

Two  New  Books  in  the  Thumb-Nail  Series. 

RIP  VAN  WINKLE.  MEDITATIONS  OF  MARCUS  AURELIUS. 

Introduction  by  Joseph  Jefferson.     This  exquisite  Translated   by    Benjamin   E.   Smith.     The  editor 

little   volume,    bound   in   stamped   leather,    includes  has  selected  the   most  characteristic  of  the  Roman 

"Rip  Van   Winkle"  and   "The  Legend  of  Sleepy  Emperor's  meditations   and   newly  translated  them 

Hollow."     Mr.   Jefferson,   in  his  introduction,   tells  from  the  Greek,  making  an  English  version  that  is 

what  changes  it  was  necessary  to  make  in  Irving's  exact,  clear,  and  easily  read.     A  popular  translation 

story  in  preparing  it  for  the  stage.     Illustrated,  81.00.  of  one  of  the  greatest  classics.     204  pages,  91 .00. 

THE   VIZIER  OF   THE  TWO-HORNED  ALEXANDER. 

A  New  Novel  by  Frank  R.  Stockton. 

One  of  the  most  original  and  entertaining  of  all  of  Mr.  Stockton's  books,  telling  the  story  of  a  man  who 
accidentally  drank  the  contents  of  the  Fountain  of  Youth  many  centuries  ago,  and  is  now  living  in  New 
York  at  the  permanent  age  of  53.  Illustrated  by  R.  B.  Birch.  31.25. 

WHERE  ANGELS  FEAR  TO  MAXIMILIAN  IN  MEXICO. 

TREAD.  By  Sara  Yorke  Stevenson. 

By  Morgan  Robertson.  This  is   a  woman's   reminiscences  of  the  French 

Revolution  in  Mexico,  1862-67.    The  picturesqueness, 
A  collection  of  sea  stories  written  by  one  who,  al-      patho8f  humor>  Rnd  tragedy  of  the  8hort-lived  empire 

though  still  a  young  man,  has  been  for  many  years  a  of  Maximilian  have  never  been  set  before  the  Eng- 
sailor.  He  knows  his  subject  thoroughly  and  brings  H8h  reading  world  so  interestingly  as  in  this  book, 
to  it  a  very  decided  literary  charm.  12 mo,  81.25.  Richly  illustrated,  8vo,  92.50. 

NEW  BOOKS  FOR  YOUNG  FOLKS. 

A  new  Brownie  book,  "The  Brownies  Abroad,"  by  Carolyn   Wells,   with    illustrations  by   Reginald 

by  Palmer  Cox  ;  "The  Dozen  from  Lakerim,"  a  Birch  ;  "  The  St.  Nicholas  Christmas*  Book,"  a 

story  of  young  athletes,  by  Rupert  Hughes  ;  "  Quick-  selection    of    some    of    the    most    striking   stories, 

silver  Sue,"  a  wholesome  tale  for  young  girls,  by  sketches,  poems,  and  pictures  that  have  appeared  in 

Mrs.  Laura  E.  Richards,  the  author  of  "  Captain  Janu-  the  pages  of  St.  Nicholas  Magazine  in  recent  years, 

ary";  "The  Story  of  Betty,"  one  of  the  most  pop-  THE  BOUND  VOLUMES  OF  ST.  NICHOLAS 
11  In r  serials  published  in  St.  Nicholas  for  a  long  time,  for  1898-99. 


THE  CENTURY  CO.,   Union  Square,  New  York. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


205 


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A   FEW   OF 

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EARLY  AUTUMN  BOOKS. 


PAUL  LEICESTER  FORD. 

Janice   Meredith.     By  PAUL  LEICESTER  FORD,  author  of  "  The  Honorable  Peter  Sterling." 

12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 
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One  of  the  foremost  novels  of  the  year.  It  is  by  the  author  of  "The  Honorable  Peter  Sterling." 
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JOSEPH  JEFFERSON. 

Rip  Van  Winkle.  Being  the  text  of  the  play. 
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POLLOCK-MAITLAND. 
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MARY  H.  KROUT. 
A  Looker-on   in    London.     By  the  author  of 

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Matthew  Arnold.  16mo,  cloth,  $1 .26.  This 
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To  be  followed  by  "Stevenson."  By  L.  COPE 
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What  Is  Good  English,  and  Other  Essays. 
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MRS.  OLIPHANT. 
The  Victorian  Age  of  English   Literature. 

New  edition.     2  vols.     8vo,  cloth,  $3.00. 
This    is    acknowledged    to  be  the    most   readable 
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The  Autobiography  of   Margaret  Oliphant, 
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One  of  the  most  delightful  autobiographies  of  the 

G.  W.  STEEPENS. 

Imperial  India.     By  the  author  of  "With  Kitch- 
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a  masterpiece  of  dramatic  writing. 

HAMILTON  W.  MAB1E. 

The  Life  of  the  Spirit.  By  the  author  of  "Es- 
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book.  16  mo,  cloth,  $1.25. 

An  endeavor  to  put  the  truths  of  the  religious  life 
in  vital  relation  with  human  ezperieuce,  and  to  show 
the  value  of  these  truths  in  men's  lives  and  work. 

DAVID  STORRAR  MELD  RUM. 
Holland  and  the  Hollanders.     By  the  author 

of  "The  Story  of  Margredel."    Illustrated.    8vo,$2. 

It  is  full  of  exact,  comprehensive  information,  but 
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AT  ALL  BOOKSTORES.     FOR  FURTHER  PARTICULARS  ADDRESS 

DODD,  MEAD  &  CO.,  PUBLISHERS,   NEW  YORK. 


1899.] 


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208  THE     DIAL  [Sept.  16, 

You  SHOULD  READ 

VOYAGE  OF  THE  PULO  WAY. 

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*!jt*;w    THE  YELLOW  DANGER.    A  Romance. 

A  GRAPHIC  ACCOUNT  OF  WHAT  MIGHT  HAPPEN  IF  THE  DIVISION  OF  THE  CHINESE 

EMPIRE  SHOULD  ESTRANGE  ALL  EUROPEAN  COUNTRIES. 

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LUTHER  STRONG. 
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The  locality  of  the  story  is  a  hamlet  in  the  Taconic  Hills,  the  ridge  of  uplands  that  lies  in 
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i  THE  WHITE  KING  OF  MANOA: 

AN  ANGLO-SPANISH  ROMANCE. 

By  Joseph  Hatton.  Is,  in  addition  to  being  an  excellent  romance  of  love  and 
curious  adventure,  a  very  carefully  written  historical  and  social  study  of  the  time 
of  Queen  Elizabeth.  It  is  a  book  to  name  with  "  Kenilworth."  ( )dd  misrhamvs 
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1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


209 


FALL  ANNOUNCEMENTS   BY 

THE  ROBERT  CLARKE  COMPANY 


EAST  TENNESSEE  AND  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

By  Hon.  OLIVER  P.  TEMPLE,  author  of  "The  Covenanter,  the  Cavalier,  and  the  Puritan."     1  vol.,  8vo,  cloth. 

About  600  pages.      {Ready  in  October.}     Net $3.50 

The  object  of  the  author  in  this  work  is  to  portray  the  history  of  the  determined  struggle  in  East  Tennessee 
for  the  preservation  of  the  Union,  and  to  set  forth  the  unyielding  constancy  and  the  heroic  sacrifices  of  the  Union 
people  in  its  behalf.  No  such  splendid  record  of  patriotic  devotion  can  be  found  in  our  National  annals.  The 
author  has  had  peculiar  opportunities  for  describing  the  thrilling  incidents  connected  with  the  war.  He  knew  all 
the  leading  men,  and  most  of  them  intimately.  A  native  of  East  Tennessee  himself,  he  is  familiar  with  all  the 
ways  and  habits  of  the  people  he  describes. 

THE  UNION  LEADERS  OF  EAST  TENNESSEE. 

By  Hon.  OLIVER  P.  TEMPLE,  author  of  "  East  Tennessee  and  the  Civil  War,"  "  The  Covenanter,  the  Cavalier, 

and  the  Puritan."  1  vol.,  8vo,  cloth.  About  600  pages.  Net $3  50 

The  object  of  this  history  is  the  portrayal  of  the  group  of  strong,  brave  men  who  appeared  in  1861  as  the 

leaders  of  the  people.     In  no  part  of  the  land  could  such  a  combination  of  dauntless  courage,  high  ability,  and 

iron  determination  have  been  found  as  within  this  small  region  of  country. 

A  REVIEW  OF  THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 

Including  the  Changes  thereof,  made  by  Interpretation  and  by  Amendment  thereto.     By  Hon.  W.  Gr.  BULLITT, 
of  the  FraiSkfort,  Kentucky,  Bar.     8vo,  cloth.     372  pages.     Net $2.00 

A  BUSINESS  VENTURE  IN  LOS  ANGELES, 

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NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


THE  TRUE   HISTORY  OF  THE  MISSOURI 
COMPROMISE  AND   ITS  REPEAL. 

By  Mrs.  ARCHIBALD  DIXON.  8vo.  Over  600  pages, 
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The  writer's  purpose  is  to  set  forth  the  origin,  the  attendant 
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event  in  American  annals.  The  volume  comprises  more  than 
600  large  octavo  pages,  and  we  do  the  author  but  justice  when 
we  say  that  none  of  these  pages  could  be  spared. — N .  Y.  -Sun. 
This  volume  tells  the  story  of  a  great  epoch  and  epoch- 
maker  in  American  history.  It  aopears  peculiarly  timely  just 
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our  public  and  private  libraries.  As  a  depository  of  facts, 
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"THE   BIVOUAC  OF  THE   DEAD," 
AND  ITS  AUTHOR. 

By  GEORGE  W.  RANCH.  1  vol.,  16mo,  cloth  extra,  $1.00 

"  On  Fame's  eternal  camping-ground 

Their  silent  tents  are  spread. 
And  Glory  guards  with  solemn  round 

The  bivouac  of  the  dead." 

The  whole  story  of  the  poem  is  given,  with  a  biography  of 
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CHARACTER,  NOT  CREEDS. 

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"  America  belongs  to  her  young  men  and  women.  Its  rest- 
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make  the  best  of  its  aspir-ttions  and  to  avoid  its  dangers." 

INTRODUCTION    TO    THE    STUDY   OF    NORTH 
AMERICAN   ARCH/EOLOGY. 

By  Prof.  CYRUS  THOMAS,  U.  S.  Bureau  of  American  Eth- 
nology. 108  illustrations.  8vo,  buckram  cloth,  $2  00 
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— London  Athencewn. 

THE  HISTORY  OF  ILLINOIS  AND  LOUISIANA 
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Embracing  a  General  View  of  the  French  Dominion 
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BENNER.    Prophecies.    Ups  and  Downs  in  Prices. 

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•210  THE     DIAL  [Sept.  16, 

MR.    F.   TENNYSON    NEELY 

PUBLISHED 

FORTY   BOOKS   IN  JULY,   1899. 

MORE  TH/IN  A  BOOK  A  DAY. 


•  T~*EW  people  who  see  Mr.  Neely's  books  prominently  displayed  in  the  various  cities  have  an  adequate  idea 
I""    of  the  magnitude  of  the  business  which  he  controls  or  of  the  tremendous  vitalizing  force  which  has  built 
up  this  enterprise  from  modest  beginnings,  until  to-day  it  ranks  as  one  of  the  greatest  of  publishing  concerns. 
He  publishes  annually  over  six  million  books,  issuing  on  an  average  over  one  book  a  day. 

"  It  requires  a  perfect  business  organization  and  executive  ability  behind  such  an  institution  which  has 
the  entire  world  for  its  market,  for  the  Neely  system  to-day  maintains  an  established  distribution  of  books 
throughout  two  hemispheres.  The  list  of  Neely  authors  includes  some  of  the  best  known  names  in  the  world, 
and  writers  of  international  note  are  constantly  added  to  his  ranks.  It  wai  Mr.  Neely  who  first  made  the  in- 
novation of  placing  within  the  reach  of  all  the  works  of  prominent  authors,  handsomely  and  attractively  gotten 
ont  at  popular  prices."  —  EDWARD  LYMAN  BILL  in  The  Muxic  Trade  Review. 

THIS   IS  THE   LIST   FOR  JULY. 

LADY  BLANCHE'S  SALON  ........  Lloyd  Bryce    .....    .    ."".'"'.    .    .  Cloth,  $1  OO 

FRIENDS  IN  EXILE    ...........  Lloyd  Bryce    ...........  "  1  OO 

THE  SOCIAL  MIRAGE   ..........  Mrs.  Frank  Leslie      ........  "  1  OO 

JUSTICE  TO  THE  JEW      .........  Dr.  Madison  C.  Peters  ....    Cloth,  $2  OO;  1  26 

IN  THE  LAND  OF  THE  LOON     ......  F.  Kimball  Scribner  and  E.  W.  Mayo  Cloth,  5O 

UNDER  FIRE    ..............  Cashln.  Anderson  and  Others     ...  "  - 

LOOKING  AHEAD  ............  Rev.  Dr.  H.  Pereira  Mendes     ....  "  1  OO 

HAROLD  PAYSON  ............  I.  Mench  Chambers  ........  "  1  OO 

THE  TOUSLED  HAIR     ..........  Frederick  Stanley  Root    ......  "  1  OO 

ONE  THOUSAND  WAYS  TO  MAKE  MONEY  Page  Fox    ............  "  1  OO 

THE  PUPPET  SHOW  ...........  Leonldas  Westervelt    .......  "  1  OO 

A  MAN  OF  HONOR,  OR  PERCY  LE  ROY  .    .  Helen  F.  Potter      .........  "  1  OO 

THE  RED  ROMANCE      ..........  Catulle  Mendes  ..........  "  1OO 

SPECTRE  GOLD  .............  Headon  Hill    ...........  Paper,  25 

THE  HONOR  OF  A  GENTLEMAN    .....  Virginia  Nlles  Leeds     .......  Cloth,  1  26 

LOVE'S  RANDOM  SHOT    .........  Wllkie  Collins    ..........  Paper,  1O 

LOVE  FINDS  A  WAY    ..........  Walter  Besant  and  James  Rice  ...  "  1O 

THE  LITTLE  RUSSIAN  SERVANT  .....  Henri  Grevllle    ..........  M  1O 

THE  NEW  ADAM  AND  EVE    .......  Nathaniel  Hawthorne  .......  "  1O 

THE  SPRING  OF  A  LION  .........  H.  Rider  Haggard      ........  "  1O 

DOCTOR  MARIGOLD      ..........  Charles  Dickens     .........  "  1O 

THE  MARSEILLAISE      ..........  Henry  Herman  ..........  "  1O 

THE  TWO  RENWICK3  ..........  Marie  Agnes  Davidson     ......  Cloth,  1  OO 

THE  YOUNG  VOLUNTEER   ........  J.  E.  Crowell  ...........  "  1  OO 

THE  TREMBLING  OF  BOREALIS     .....  Paul  d'Argenteuil  .........  "  1  OO 

NATHAN  HALE  .............  Charlotte  Molyneuz  Halloway    ...  "  1  OO 

THE  TRUST  ...............  D.  A.  Reynolds   ..........  "  1OO 

THE  CLIFF  DWELLER'S  DAUGHTER     .    .    .  Charles  T.  Abbott  ......  '.4  -.?•«;  •  '  '•  '•*  1  OO 

HEARTS  VS.  DIAMONDS  .........  Carl  Chester    ...........  "  1  OO 

THE  EVOLUTION  OF  DORA     .......  Estelle  Baker  .........    «»,-:s*  1  OO 

ROLINA      ................  Amelia  H.  Hough  .........  "  1OO 

THE  REPUBLIC  OF  AMERICA      ......  L.  B.  Hartman     ..........  "  1  OO 

CRUTCHES  FOR  SALE  ..........  John  R.  Muslck  ..........  "  —  •  — 

THE  WORLD  OF  THE  SALOON  ......  Thomas  Tabor    ..........  "  — 

A  GENTLEMAN  IN  WAITING  .......  Cornelius  V.  V.  Sewell  .......  "  1  OO 

MY  SCOTTISH  SWEETHEART      ......  Chas.  Reekie   ...........  "  1  OO 

THE  DEPARTMENT  CLERK  ........  Ivar  Jonsson  ...........  "  1  OO 

A  HAPPY  HEARING  ....    .......  Rutger  Bleecker  Green     ......  "  1  OO 

THE  KING  OF  ANDORRA     ........  Henry  E.  Harris     .........  "  1  OO 

THE  SATYR  .                                                               .  Mlna  Holt    .  1  OO 


MANUSCRIPTS  PROMPTLY  EXAMINED.  CATALOGUE  FREE. 

F.  TENNYSON   NEELY, 

CHICAGO:   259  Wabash  Ave.  NEW  YORK:   114  Fifth  Ave.  LONDON:   96  Queen  St. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


211 


THIS  Book  shows  that  all  that  is  excellent  in  this  earth  we  owe  to  the  genius  of  a  people 
whose  name  is  so  constantly  used  as  a  term  of  reproach.  The  volume  opens  with 
Christopher  Columbus  and  the  part  the  Spanish  Jews  took  in  the  discovery  of  America.  It 
narrates  the  Pre- Revolutionary  Settlements  of  the  Jews,  and  the  thrilling  story  of  their  fight 
for  civil  and  religious  liberty  in  America.  The  reader  will  see  at  a  glance  the  number  and 
distribution  of  the  Jews  over  the  world,  whilst  the  growth  of  the  Jewish  population  in  the 
United  States  forms  a  separate  chapter. 


A  Remarkable  Book. 

Fifth  Edition  in  Press. 

Justice  to  the  Jew 

By  MADISON  C.  PETERS. 

Cloth,  Gilt  Top,  Postpaid, 
$2.OO. 

F.  Tennyson  Neely,  Publisher 


NEW  YORK: 
114  Fifth  Avenue. 


CHICAGO: 
259  Wabash  Avenue. 


^Authors'  Manuscripts  Promptly  Examined. 
eA gents  wanted;  write  immediately. 
Big  inducements.    Catalogue  free. 


WITH  thrilling  narrative  the  author  portrays  the  relentless  and  diabolical  persecutions  of 
the  Jews,  and  yet  they  were  never  wanting  in  patriotism.  Wherever,  the  world  over, 
the  Jew  found  a  friend  in  his  country,  the  country  found  a  friend  in  him.  Whenever  the 
safety  of  their  country  was  imperiled,  they  rallied  round  the  flag.  A  book  of  facts,  not  opinions. 
The  Jews  as  American  patriots ;  from  the  first  organized  movements  for  separation  from 
England ;  through  the  Revolutionary  War,  the  War  of  1812,  the  Mexican,  Civil  and  Spanish- 
American  Wars,  Jews  freely  sacrificed  their  fortunes  and  fearlessly  gave  their  lives  for  their 
country.  The  book  contains  the  names  of  Jews  who  have  achieved  distinction  in  the  wars  of 
the  Republic. 


212  THE     DIAL  [Sept.  16, 

BY  THE  AUTHOR   OF 

"  " 


QUO  VADIS. 


Cloth,  12mo.     Artistically  Bound.     Fifty  cents  a  Copy. 
The  Set  of  Five  in  one  case,  Two  Dollars. 


Henryk  Sienkiewicz's  Masterpieces 

BRIEF  DESCRIPTIONS. 

MPL>  TTL^Afllf  PATTP  This  novel  opens  with  a  graphic  description  of  a  German  emigrant  ship, 
IL.IV  I\.rVVJIW  I  f\  I  L^.  between  Harobunc  and  New  York,  raking  across  the  waters  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.  It  describes  the  life  on  ship- board,  the  heaving  sea,  the  rocking  atrip,  the  whittling  winds,  the  yo  ho  of  the  aeamen, 
and  the  sea-sickness  of  the  immigrants.  The  author  selects  two  persons  from  the  mass  of  immigrants,  Lorenz  Toporek 
and  his  daughter  Mary,  who  thenceforward  figure  throughout  the  book.  They  make  a  home  in  Arkansas  and  their  expe- 
riences in  that  Southern  State  are  recited  at  length  with  graphic  power,  and  not  a  little  satiric  wit.  The  strange  people 
they  meet,  the  unwonted  environment,  in  brief,  the  new  world  they  find  themselves  precipitated  into  with  all  their  old- 
world  inheritances  and  habits  still  upon  them,  are  described  at  full  length,  in  a  series  of  chapters  at  once  amusing  and 
dramatic.  Border  life,  with  all  its  contrasts,  is  depicted,  and  at  last  a  denouement,  somber  and  sorrowful,  is  reached. 
The  reader  upon  closing  this  novel  will  pronounce  it  one  of  the  most  fascinating  in  literature. 

CO  DITNIQ  THP  \A/OI?I  D  The  perennial  popularity  of  the  author  of  "Quo  Vadis"  imparts 
OW  IV  «^  1^10  r  WIVi-.l-'.  a  value  to  everything  that  comes  from  the  pen  of  its  gifted  author 

independently  of  the  merit  of  the  production.  This  work,  however,  has  merit  enough  to  stand  upon  its  own  basis,  and 
would  itself  make  a  reputation.  Its  peculiar  value  is,  that  it  shows  the  versatility  of  Sienkiewicz ;  it  affords  specimens  of 
his  style,  in  the  difficult  art  of  short  story  writing ;  and  it  also  presents  some  magnificent  illustrations  of  his  rare  dramatic 
power.  His  play,  in  part  fifth  of  this  bonk,  entitled  "  WIN  OR  LOSE,"  compares  favorably  in  life  and  glow  with 
"  Cyrano  de  Bergerac."  The  readers  of  "  QUO  VADIS  "  have  a  rare  treat  awaiting  them  in  this  volume. 

TH  P     N  P  \V    S  O  I     D  I  F  R  *     In  thi*  n°Vel  Sienl"awiox  '•  at  llis  DMt ;  tlie  Philosopher  and  the  novelist 

^  *•-'*-'  1-rfLM  LwlV.9     appear,  disappear,  and  reappear  on  every  page.    The  philosophy  is  never 

Or,  NATURE  AND  LIFE.  light  and  trivial.   The  two  qualities  shade  off.  the  one  into  the  other,  like 

the  colors  on  a  dove's  neck.    The  stage  of  action  is  the  worldold  and  historic  continent  of  Europe.     The  actors  are  living 

men  and  women  who  think  and  speak  and  act,  in  harmony  with  nature  and  life  as  we  see  them  around  us,  in  an  enchanting 

tumult  from  day  to  day.    This  author  has  the  rare  gift  of  making  the  inanimate  speak,  of  painting  the  animate  so  true 

to  the  facts  that  we  seem  to  know  and  keep  company  with  his  characters  from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the  novel. 

\  V  I  I  I  :  UM  :  \V  M  L>  I  n  *X  M  P  PT  This  1)""k  contains  the  American  experiences  of  Sienkiewicx. 
1  bIW  '  WIS,L,L70  mL,L,  I  .  It  „  not  generally  known  that  this  great  writer  was  in  this 
country  a  few  years  ago.  While  here,  his  eyes  and  imagination  were  busy,  and  this  graphic  work  is  the  result  of  that 
visit.  We  have  here  a  striking  description  of  experiences  in  the  Southwest  and  in  California.  The  poet,  the  dramatist, 
and  the  novelist  are  blended  in  one  in  these  pages.  The  author  is  not  always  as  complimentary  as  patriotic  Americans 
might  desire  ;  but  being  foreign,  he  sees  and  judges  from  a  foreign  standpoint,  on  the  principle  of  Burns'  lines : 

"  O  wad  iome  power  the  gif  tie  gie  us, 
To  see  onraeU  M  'it her*  Me  u*." 

The  American  reader  may  be  profited  by  the  perusal  of  these  strictures.  Whatever  we  may  think  of  his  conclusions,  there 
is  no  denying  the  charm  and  interest  of  his  portrayal  of  American  life  and  manners. 

PI!  m*T  AND  A  ^H  P^ •  Is  the  De«t  known  and  most  famous  of  Sienkiewicz's  novels,  with  the 
U  \J  ^  I  f\  1  L,0  ,  e3toeptiOI1  of  ..  QUQ  V A  DIS."  The  old  soldier  who  goes  to  the  wars  and 

Or,  DEMOLISHED.  returns  to  find  the  world  he  left  demolished  and  a  new  world  erected  on  its 

ruins  is  a  type.  Rip  Van  Winkle's  surprise  when  he  rubbed  the  sleep  of  twenty  years  out  of  his  eyes  and  surveyed  the 
changed  situation  in  the  Catskills,  was  not  greater  than  the  astonishment  of  this  Polish  soldier  when  he  viewed  the  situa- 
tion and  succumbed  to  the  inevitable  upon  coming  back  to  his  native  land.  As  with  all  of  this  author's  writings,  so  here 
we  find  the  wealth  of  imagination  and  power  of  insight  into  human  nature,  and  a  dramatic  fire  which  makes  his  works 
universally  popular  and  will  undoubtedly  endow  them  with  immortality. 

F.  TENNYSON  NEELY,  PUBLISHER. 

114  96  259 

FIFTH  QUEEN  WABASH 

AVENUE,  STREET,  AVENUE, 

NEW  YORK.  LONDON.          CHICAGO. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


213 


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214 


THE    DIAL 


[Sept.  16, 


SILENCE! 


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EXCURSIONS 

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South  and  Southeast. 

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No.  234  South  Clark  Street,    •     -    CHICAGO. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


215 


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"THE  LIFE  OF  WILLIAM  MAKEPEACE  THACKERAY,"  by  LEWIS  MELVILLE.  With  por- 
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•'  SOME  PLAYERS,"  by  AMY  LESLIE.  4to,  seventy-five  numbered  copies  on  Japan  paper,  $10.00 
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Mia*  Leslie,  the  dramatic  critic  of  the  Chicago  Daily  f?«irt,  ha*  collected  her  reminiscence*  of  the  principal  actor*  of  our  time, 
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Mrs.  Crownlnshleld  is  so  much  at  home. 

••THE  RELIGION  OF  TO-MORROW,"  by  REV.  FRANK  CRANE.     12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

A  series  of  essays  on  religion  from  a  rational  point  of  view.    A  book  for  serious  readers. 

••  LE5SER  DESTINIES,"  by  SAMUEL  GORDON.     12mo.  cloth.  $1.25. 

A  story  of  the  East  End  of  London.  Not  perhaps  as  unpleasant  as  "  Tales  of  Mean  Streets,"  but  with  much  of  the  same  forceful- 
ness  and  knowledge. 

••  SPANISH  PEQQY,"  by  MARY  HARTWELL  CATHERWOOD.  4to,  cloth,  illustrated  by  J.  C.  Leyen- 
decker.  92  00. 

A  story  of  young  Abraham  Lincoln  and  his  life  in  New  Salem,  Illinois.  A  pretty,  romantic  love  story  which  will  serve  as  an  admirable 
book  for  Christmas  and  the  Holidays. 

••THE  GREATEST  AMERICAN  ORATIONS,"  edited  by  ALONZO  BEACH  GOWER.  8vo,  buck- 
ram, 92.00. 

Mr.  Oower  has  collected  in  one  large  volume  of  over  six  hundred  pages  the  greatest  orations  delivered  In  America.  Up  to  now 
there  has  been  no  handy  edition,  and  the  present  volume  will  go  far  to  supply  a  want  which  ha*  been  felt  in  llbrarie*  and  schools. 


1899.]  THE     DIAL  221 

HERBERT  S.  STONE  &  COMPANY. 

"  FABLES  IN  SLANG,"  by  GEORGE  ADE,  author  of  "Artie,"  "Doc'  Home,"  and  "Pink  Marsh." 
18mo,  cloth,  with  twenty-five  full-page  illustrations  by  Clyde  J.  Newman,  $1.00. 

Mr.  Ade  has  not  yet  written  a  book  that  has  failed  to  make  a  splendid  success.  This  new  volume  is  likely  to  outdo  all  of  his  other 
work  in  popularity.  It  is  very  modern,  very  wise  and  full  of  humor. 

"  HENRY  IRVING— ELLEN  TERRY,"  a  book  of  portraits  by  GORDON  CRAIG.  4to,  boards,  $1.00. 
Also  an  edition  of  one  hundred  copies  printed  on  special  paper,  bound  in  cloth,  $3.50. 

Mr.  Gordon  Craig  (Miss  Terry's  son)  has  for  some  time  been  known  in  England  as  a  clever  artist  of  the  Nicholson  school.  His  work 
is  extremely  simple  and  brilliant.  He  has  made  portraits  of  his  mother  and  Sir  Henry  in  their  best  known  parts.  The  pictures  are  all 
reproduced  in  color. 

"LOVE  MADE  MANIFEST,"  by  GUT  BOOTHBT,  author  of  "Dr.  Nikola,"  etc.  12mo,  cloth,  illus- 
trated by  Lucy  Kemp- Welch,  $1.25. 

Mr.  Boothby  is  already  too  well  known  to  need  any  introduction  here.  His  new  story  is  as  thrillingly  interesting  as  anything  he 
has  done. 

"  WAS  IT  RIGHT  TO  FORGIVE  ?  "  by  AMELIA  E.  BARR,  author  of  "A  Bow  of  Orange  Ribbon," 
etc.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.25. 

Mrs.  Barr  considers  this  new  novel  as  quite  the  best  of  her  recent  works.  It  is  characterized  by  the  same  skillful  handling  and 
interesting  love  story  that  have  made  her  other  books  popular. 

"  MY  FATHER  AND  I,"  by  the  COUNTESS  DE  PULIGA.     12mo,  cloth,  with  several  portraits,  $1.25. 

This  is  not  a  translation.  It  is  essentially  a  book  for  daughters,  being  the  story  of  a  girl's  up-bringing  by  her  father  and  their  long 
relationship  of  charming  love  and  trust.  The  Countess  de  Puliga  is  the  daughter  of  the  Count  d'Orsay. 

••  RESOLVED  TO  BE  RICH,"  by  EDWARD  H.  COOPER.     12mo,  cloth,  $1.25. 

Mr.  Cooper  achieved  considerable  reputation  through  his  brilliant  story  entitled  "The  Marchioness  Against  the  County."  Since 
then  he  has  published  a  book  of  short  stories  only.  This  new  novel  is  likely  to  give  him  a  firm  position  before  the  reading  public. 

••  A  MODERN  READER  AND  SPEAKER."  Adapted  to  schools  and  colleges  and  containing  the 
most  representative  collection  of  pieces  suitable  for  public  recital,  by  GEORGE  RIDDLE.  12mo,  buckram, 
$1.50. 

It  is  unlikely  that  any  man  in  this  country  is  better  suited  to  undertake  the  task  of  preparing  a  reader  and  speaker  than  Mr.  George 
Riddle.  His  long  experience  before  the  public  has  enabled  him  to  choose  the  most  popular  pieces,  while  his  own  excellent  taste  and 
judgment  have  given  dignity  to  the  work. 

"  ROSE  ISLAND,"  by  W.  CLARK  RUSSELL.     12mo,  cloth,  $1.25. 

It  is  almost  needless  to  say  that  Mr.  Russell's  new  book  deals  with  love  and  adventure  at  sea.  It  is  perhaps  worth  while  mention- 
ing, however,  that  "  Rose  Island  "  is  fully  worthy  of  the  author  of  "  The  Wreck  of  the  Grosvenor. " 

-THE  WONDERFUL  STORIES  OF  JANE  AND  JOHN,"  by  GERTRUDE  SMITH,  author  of 
"Arabella  and  Ariminta."  4to,  cloth,  with  many  illustrations  in  color  by  Alice  Woods,  $1.50. 

"  SIR  ARTHUR  SULLIVAN."  His  life  story,  with  letters  and  reminiscences,  by  Arthur  Lawrence. 
8vo,  cloth,  with  many  illustrations,  $3  50. 

This  is  the  authorized  biography  of  the  great  composer.  It  has  been  prepared  under  his  personal  supervision  and  revised  by  him 
in  proof.  It  contains  many  of  his  letters  and  much  intimate  personal  matter  of  great  interest. 

"THE  PERILS  OF  JOSEPHINE,"  by  LORD  ERNEST  HAMILTON,  author  of  "  The  Outlaws  of  the 
Marches."  12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

A  novel  which  once  begun  is  not  likely  to  be  dropped  until  finished. 

••  THE  INDIANS  OF  TO-DAY,"  by  GEORGE  BIRD  GRINNELL.  4to,  buckram,  with  fifty  full-page 
portraits  of  the  most  famous  chiefs  and  four  pictures  in  colors,  $5.00.  Also  a  special  limited  edition  of 
one  hundred  copies  on  hand-made  paper,  $10.00  net. 

It  is  generally  acknowledged  that  Mr.  Grinnell  is  the  authority  on  American  Indians.  For  the  first  time  in  many  years  a  serious 
attempt  is  made  to  deal  fairly  with  the  Indian  of  to-day  :  his  past,  his  present  conditions,  and  his  future  chances.  The  book  is  illus- 
trated with  a  remarkable  series  of  photographs,  taken  by  Mr.  F.  A.  Rinehart  during  the  Congress  of  Indians  at  the  Omaha  Exposition. 

"THE  SEEKERS,"  by  STANLEY  WATERLOO,  author  of  "The  Story  of  Ab,"  "The  Wolf's  Long 
Howl,"  etc.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

Mr.  Waterloo  has  written  a  powerful  novel  dealing  with  some  phases  of  the  Christian  Science  movement.  It  is  in  a  way,  perhaps, 
to  be  compared  with  "  The  Damnation  of  Theron  Ware,"  and  is  certain  to  provoke  wide  discussion  and  criticism. 

"TWO  GENTLEMEN  IN  TOURAINE,"  by  RICHARD  SUDBURY.  8vo,  cloth,  with  many  full-page 
illustrations,  reproduced  in  photogravure,  $5.00  net. 

A  delightful  account  of  the  wanderings  of  an  American  gentleman  and  a  member  of  the  French  nobility  through  the  historical 
chateaux  in  Touraine.  It  gives  the  stories  of  the  various  castles,  anecdotes  of  the  famous  people  who  lived  in  them,  and  admirable 
descriptions  of  the  country.  It  is  a  book  suited  for  the  holidays  and  for  general  reading. 

"THE  HUMAN  INTEREST,"  a  study  in  incompatibilities,  by  VIOLET  HUNT.     12mo,  cloth,  $1.25. 

A  light  and  very  amusing  novel,  written  in  a  brilliant  epigrammatic  style.  It  is  in  no  sense  a  problem  story,  and  is  intended  for 
entertainment  alone. 


222 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Company's  New  Books. 


THE  OTHER  FELLOW. 

By  F.  HOPKINSON  SMITH.     With  illustrations.     12mo,  $1.50.     Large  paper  edition,  limited  to  300 
copies,  printed  on  hand-made  paper,  and  bound  in  boards  with  paper  label,  $3.00  net. 
Mr.  Smith's  new  book  contains  eleven  stories  told  with  the  dash,  the  practised  skill,  and  the  dramatic  effect 

of  his  other  volumes  of  stories;  and  the  fortunate  hosts  who  have  read  these,  and  those  who  have  heard  him  read 

his  own  stories,  will  eagerly  welcome  this  attractive  volume. 


THE  MARTYRS'  IDYL,  and  Shorter  Poems. 

By  LOUISE  IMOGEN  GUINEY,  author  of  "  A  Roadside 
Harp,"  "  A  White  Sail,"  "  Songs  at  the  Start,"  etc. 
16mo,  81.00. 

The  leading  poem  tolls  the  story  of  the  imprisonment  and 
death -of  Saint  Didymus  and  Saint  Theodora.  This  and  the 
two  dozen  shorter  poems  are  marked  by  the  originality,  force, 
and  lyric  quality  characteristic  of  Miss  Gainey's  work. 

RELIOIO    PICTORIS. 

By  HELEN  BIQELOW  MERRIMAN,  author  of  "  What 
Shall  Make  Us  Whole  ?  "  12mo,  91.50. 
Mrs.  Merriraan's  previous  book  attracted  marked  atten- 
tion. The  present  book  is  an  attempt  to  show,  from  the 
standpoint  of  the  artist,  the  fundamental  unity  between  things 
material  and  spiritual,  and  that  the  secret  of  life  is  to  be  found 
in  the  relation  and  interaction  of  these.  The  book  deals  with 
the  problems  of  life  and  religion  in  a  profound  and  illuminat- 
ing way  and  with  a  deeply  reverent  spirit,  and  is  well  fitted 
to  inspire  and  lead  those  who  find  little  comfort  in  formal 
creeds. 

BETTY   LEICESTER'S   CHRISTMAS. 

By  SARAH  ORNE  JEWETT.     With  a  decorative  cover 
and  other  illustrations.     Square  1'Jino,  81.00. 
This  is  a  continuation  of  the  charming  story  of  "  Betty 
Leicester,"  which  a  host  of  girls  (and  their  mothers)  have 
read  with  uncommon  satisfaction.     Betty  goes  to  England 
and  has  a  wonderful  Christmas,  which  Miss  Jewett  describes 
most  attractively. 

A  JERSEY  BOY  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 

By  EVERETT  T.  TOMLINSON,  author  of  "  The  Boys  of 
Old  Monmoutb,"  etc.  With  illustrations.  Crown  8  vo, 
$1.50. 

A  capital  story,  founded  on  the  lives  and  heroic  deeds  of 
some  of  the  humbler  heroes  of  the  Revolution  against  invad- 
ing Britons  and  lawless  Americans. 

DOROTHY  AND    HER    FRIENDS. 

By  ELLEN  OLNET  KIRK,  author  of  «  The  Story  of  Mar- 
garet Kent."  With  a  decorative  cover  and  other 
illustrations.  IGmo,  81.25. 

This  is  a  companion  volume  to  Mrs.  Kirk's  delightful 
"  Dorothy  Deane,"  which  was  so  popular  last  year.  It  tells 
what  happened  to  Dorothy  after  she  went  to  live  near  New 
Tork  and  how  Marcia  grew  up.  Dorothy's  old  friends  are  in 
this  story,  and  half  a  dozen  new  ones,  and  Mrs.  Kirk  tells 
what  very  interesting  times  are  had.  The  book  is  charming 
inside  and  outside. 

AN  UNKNOWN  PATRIOT. 
By  FRANK  SAMUEL  CHILD.  Illustrated.  12 mo,  81.50. 
An  engrossing  story  of  the  "  Secret  Service  "  in  Connecti- 
cut during  the  Revolution.  Nathan  Hale  was  known  to  the 
heroes ;  Aaron  Burr  was  their  comrade ;  and  Washington 
thanked  them  for  their  good  help. 


CONTEMPORARIES. 

By  THOMAS  WENTWORTII  HIOOINSON,  author  of 
"  Cheerful  Yesterdays,"  etc.  12mo,  82.00. 
The  subject*  treated  in  this  interesting  volume  are  :  Em- 
erson, Alcott,  Theodore  Parker,  Whittier,  Whitman,  Lanier, 
An  Evening  with  Mrs.  Hawthorne,  Mrs.  Child.  Helen  Jack- 
son ("H.  H."l,  John  Holmes.  Dr.  Thaddeus  W.  Harris,  A 
Visit  to  John  Brown's  Household,  Garrison,  Phillips,  Snmner, 
Dr.  S.  G.  Howe,  General  Grant,  The  Eccentricities  of  Reform- 
ers, and  a  group  of  celebrities  whom  Colonel  Higginson  met 
in  England. 

LIFE  OF  CHARLES  HENRY  DAVIS,  REAR- 
ADMIRAL,   1807-1877. 

By  his  son,  Captain  CHARLES  H.  DAVIS,  U.  S.  N.    With 
a  photogravure  portrait.     8vo,  gilt  top,  83.00. 
Admiral  Davis  was  one  of  the  most  noteworthy  of  the  men 
who  have  held  high  rank  in  the  American  navy.     His  great 
services  in  the  Union  War,  his  successful  career  as  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Naval  Observatory,  are  here  recounted,  and 
much  light  is  thrown  on  the  superb  system  of  training  and 
discipline  which  has  won  for  the  navy  its  proud  history. 

THE  END  OF  AN  ERA. 
By  JOHN  S.  WISE.  12mo,  92.00. 
The  era  here  described  is  that  which  for  the  Southern 
States  came  to  an  end  with  the  surrender  of  General  Johnston 
to  General  Sherman  in  1865.  The  author  is  the  son  of  Gov. 
Henry  A.  Wise  of  Virginia,  and  he  describes  antebellum  life 
in  Virginia,  its  social  charm  and  its  peculiar  characteristics, 
the  excitement  of  the  John  Brown  invasion,  and  his  observa- 
tions and  experience  during  the  Civil  War.  His  book  gives  a 
remarkably  vivid  and  accurate  inside  view  of  the  Confederate 
States,  and  is  at  onoe  very  valuable  and  interesting. 

THE    KING'S   JESTER, 
and  Other  Short  Plays  for  Small   Stages. 

By  CARO  ATHKRTON  DUOAN. 

Capital,  wholesome,  short  plays  for  use  in  private  theat- 
ricals or  schools.  Among  the  plays  are  fresh  and  delightful 
settings  of  old  favorites  such  as  Cinderella,  The  Sleeping 
Beauty,  The  Apple  of  Discord,  and  others  somewhat  leas 
known  or  a  little  more  elaborate,— The  Queen's  Coffer,  a  story 
of  the  Douglas;  Pandora;  The  King's  Jester,  a  story  of 
King  Francis  ;  Nino's  Revenge,  from  a  story  of  Naples  in  the 
Midddle  Ages,  etc.  The  plays  are  thoroughly  good,  and  Miss 
Dugan  furnishes  stage  directions,  costumes,  and  music  for 
such  songs  as  are  given. 

UNDER   THE  CACTUS    FLAG. 

A  Story  of  Life  in  Mexico.     By  NORA  ARCHIBALD 
SMITH,  author,  with  Mrs.  Wiggin,  of  "  The  Story 
Hour,"  ««  The  Republic  of  Childhood."    With  8  illus- 
trations.    IGmo,  81.25. 
This  engaging  story  grew  out  of  Miss  Smith's  experience  in 

Mexico,  and  the  boys  and  girls  of  the  tale  resemble  boys  and 

girls  who  were  pupils  in  her  school. 


Sold  by  all  Booksellers. 

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1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


223 


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THE  "UNITED   STATES." 

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Dean  of  St.  Paul's  :  1573-1631.  By  EDMUND  GOSSE. 
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GREAT  PICTURES. 

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TEXTS  EXPLAINED. 

By  Rev.  Dr.  F.  W.  FARRAR,  Author  of  "  The  Life  of 
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GREY  STONE  AND  PORPHYRY. 

Poems.  By  HARRY  THURSTON  PECK,  Editor  of  "  The 
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THE   UNITED   STATES 

From  the  Adoption  of  the  Constitution  to  the  Close  of 
the  Civil  War.  By  JAMES  SCHOULER.  (Revised 
edition  —  complete.)  Six  Volumes,  8vo,  Cloth, 
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KING   LUDWIG   II. 

Of  Bavaria.  A  Biography.  By  FRANCES  A.  GERARD, 
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SIGNORS  OF  THE  NIGHT. 

The  Story  of  Fra  Giovanni,  the  Soldier  Monk  of  Venice. 
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GILIAN  THE   DREAMER. 

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A  GUIDE  TO  THE  OPERA. 

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A  SON  OF  THE  STATE. 

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HERONFORD. 

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PATIENCE. 

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OUR  LADY  OF   DARKNESS. 

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ELSIE  IN  THE  SOUTH. 

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A  LITTLE  GIRL 

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STALKY  &  CO.    By  Rudyard  Kipling. 

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JUIR.  KIPLING'S  school-boy  trio,—  "Stalky,"  "Beetle,"  and  »  McTurk  "  —  with  their  downright  man  lines., 

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up  "the  White  Man's  Burden"  in  India  —  where  the  qualities  they  have  developed  at  school  have  full  play. 
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NEW  FICTION. 

BLIX.     By  Frank  Norris. 

IT  would  be  difficult  to  imagine  anything  more  different  from  the  author's  last  book  than  this  charming  little 

*  California  love  idyll.      Yet  it  shows  the  same  vivid   reality  which  caused   Mr.  Howells  to  point  out 
"  McTeague  "  as  an  "altogether  remarkable  book,"  abounding  "  in  touches  of  character  at  once  fine  and  free, 
in  little  miracles  of  observation,  in  vivid  insight,  in  simple  and  subtle  expression."     Mr.  Norm's  work  is, 
beyond  a  question,  an  element  of  real  importance  in  current  American  fiction. 

Size,  ox7.\ ;  Pages,  about  250;  Binding,  cloth,  decorated.     Price,  $1.25. 

THE   ROMANCERS  ("Les  Romanesques").     By  Edmond  Rostand. 

"THIS  is  perhaps  the  best  of  the  earlier  plays  by  the  author  of  "Cyrano  de  Bergerac."    It  is  a  very  artistic 
'     little  comedy,  the  keynote  of  which  may  be  found  in  the  stage  direction  that  "  the  scene  may  be  laid  any- 
where, provided  the  costumes  are  pretty."     The  translation  is  by  Miss  Mary  Hendee,  and  is  issued  with 
M.  Rostand's  sanction.     Size,  4x6;  Paget,  175;  Binding,  Jlexible  cloth.     Uniform  with  "Cyrano."    50  cts.  net. 

THE  BARRYS.     By  Shan  F.  Bullock. 

A  NOVEL  of  Irish  country  life  by  a  prominent  member  of  the  younger  "  Celtic  School."  Nan,  the  heroine, 
**  has  a  full  share  of  the  fascinations  traditionally  possessed  by  the  maid  of  Erin. 

Size,  5x7};  Binding,  cloth,  decorated;  Pages,  375.     Price,  $1.25. 

ARMS  AND  THE  WOMAN.     By  Harold  MacGrath. 

A  SPIRITED  romance  by  a  new  writer,  hinging  upon  the  personality  of  a  charming  Princess  in  a  minor 
**  German  state.  The  popularity  it  won  from  half  a  million  newspaper  readers  promises  a  wide  circulation 
for  the  book.  Size,  5x7};  Pages,  about  300;  Binding,  doth,  decorated.  Price,  81. •_'.">. 

DRAMATIC  STORIES  FROM  REAL  LIFE. 

TALES  OF  THE   TELEGRAPH.  STORIES  OF   THE    RAILROAD. 

By  Jasper  Ewing  Brady.  By  John  Alexander  Hill. 

A  picturesque  narrative  of  the  life  and  adventures  of  a  Mr.  Hill,  too,  has  "  worked  hii  way  " — from  the  post  of 

telegrapher  in  railroad,  commercial,  and  military  work.  It  |  locomotive  engineer  on  the  Rio  Grande  Railroad  to  the 

is  largely  made  up  oat  of  the  author's  own  experiences,  —  \  presidency  of  a  great  technical  publishing  house.  Hit 

from  a  student  in  a  "  ham  factory  "  to  a  captain  in  the  U.  S.  |  stories  are  full  of  verve  and  that  reality  that  comes  from 

Signal  Service.  entire  knowledge. 

Size,  5z?H;  Binding,  cloth.    Illustrated.    Price,  $1. 25.  I  Size,  5z?H;  Binding,  cloth.    Illustrated.    Price,  $1.50. 

THREE  CHARMING  BOOKS  FOR  BOYS. 


CATTLE  RANCH  TO 
COLLEGE. 


THE    BOYS'   BOOK  OF 
INVENTIONS. 


By  Russell  Double-day.  By  Ray  S.  Baker. 

A  true  tale  of  a  boy's  life  and  exciting  I      The  author  here  tells  stories  of  such 
adventures  on  the  Dakota  frontier,  fif-  i  marvels  of  modern  science  as  Liquid 


WE  WIN. 
By  Herbert  E.  Hamblen. 

Mr.  Hamblen's  railroad  stories  show 
him  at  his  best,  and  this  record  of 
"The  Life  and  Adventures  of  a  Young 


-^  -  —       m          — •  «         ,  •  •  rw,    «  *-*••  V  nun    •«!!  v  cutui  w  uft   •     A  IPUIII^ 

teen  years  ago.     lold  by  the  "hero,     i  Air,  Submarine   Boats,   telegraphing     D  .,       ,     ,,  .     ..  ,,     .   . 

m.»  t^th.        n.rnf-A       .ithmitWin...  AirShi.  Railroader"  is  thoroughly  interesting 


now  a  college  man,  to  the  gunner  of  "  A 
Gunner  aboard  the  Yankee." 

Size,t>*/4xHy4.   100  illustration*.  $1.60. 


without  Wires,  Air  Ships,  and  the  like 
—  all  being  splendidly  illustrated. 
Size,  6%x8ft.   200  illustrations.  $2.00. 


and  American. 
Size,W4x*y4.    Illustrated.    $1.50. 


DOUBLEDAY  &  McCLURE  CO.,  141-155  East  Twenty-fifth  Street,  NEW  YORK. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL. 


225 


The  Macmillan  Company's  New  Books. 


The  Development  of  the  English 
Novel. 

By  WILBUR  L.  CROSS,  Assistant  Professor  of 
English  in  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School  of 
Yale  University.  Cloth,  16mo,  $1.50. 

Traces  in  outline  the  introduction  and  development 
of  each  new  element  in  the  progress  of  fiction. 


Some  Principles  of  Literary  Criticism. 

By  C.  T.  WINCHESTER,  Professor  of  English 
Literature  in  Wesleyan  University.  Cloth, 
16mo,  $1.50. 

A  compendious  statement  of  the  essentials  of  litera- 
ture and  the  grounds  of  criticism,  with  references, 
illustrations,  etc. 


APPIAN. 

THE  ROMAN  HISTORY  OF  APPIAN 
OF  ALEXANDRIA.  Translated  from 
the  Greek  by  HORACE  WHITE,  M.  A., 
LL.D.  I.  THE  FOREIGN  WARS.  II. 
THE  CIVIL  WARS.  Cloth,  8vo,  $3.00 
net. 

An  indispensable  record  of  Roman  his- 
tory, in  general  a  continuation  of  that 
by  Livy. 

FRO  IS  S  ART. 

STORIES  FROM  FROISSART.  Ed- 
ited by  H.  NEWBOLT,  author  of  "Ad- 
mirals All,"  etc.,  with  many  full-page 
illustrations  after  the  early  MS.  Cloth, 
12mo,  $1.50. 

HEWLETT. 
LITTLE  NOVELS  OF  ITALY.    By 

MAURICE  HEWLETT,  author  of  "  The 
Forest  Lovers,"  "Songs  and  Medita- 
tions," etc.    Cloth,  12mo,  $1.50. 
A  volume  of  short  "novels,"  in  the 
Italian  use  of  the  word. 


IRELAND. 

TROPICAL   COLONIZATION.     An 

Introduction    to    the    Study  of    the 
Question.  By  ALLBYNE  IRELAND,  au- 
thor of  "  Demarariana,"  etc.  With  10 
historical  charts.  Cloth,  12mo,  $1.75. 
"  Probably  few  living  men  have  so 
intimate  knowledge  of  the  labor  problem 
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MASON. 

MIRANDA  OF  THE  BALCONY.  By 

A.  E.  W.  MASON,  author  of  "The 
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Scenes  in  Spain,  Morocco,  etc. 

MOORE. 

THE  DEVELOPMENT  AND  CHAR- 
ACTER  OF  GOTHIC  ARCHITEC- 
TURE. By  CHARLES  H.  MOORE,  Pro- 
fessor of  Art,  and  Director  of  the  Art 
Museum,  Harvard  University.  A  new 
edition,  largely  rewritten,  with  new 
illustrations.  Cloth,  8vo,  $4.50  net. 


SHERWOOD. 
HENRY  WORTHINQTON,  IDEAL- 
IST. By  MARGARET  SHERWOOD,  au- 
thor of  "An  Experiment  in  Altruism," 
"  A  Puritan  Bohemia,"  etc.  Cloth, 
12mo,  $1.50. 

A  vigorous  study  of  social  and  eco- 
nomic problems,  underlying  which  is  a 
simple,  attractive,  love  story. 

SMITH. 

SCIENCE   OF   STATISTICS.     By 
RIOHARD   MAYO   SMITH,    Columbia 
University.    I.  STATISTICS  AND  SO- 
CIOLOGY.   $3.00  net. 
"  Both  a  readable  book  .  .  .  and  a 

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II.   STATISTICS  AND  ECONOMICS. 

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SMITH. 
METHODS  OF  KNOWLEDGE.  AN 

ESSAY  IN  EPISTEMOLOGY.    By  WAL- 
TER SMITH,  of  Lake  Forest  Univer- 
sity.   Cloth,  12mo,  $1.25  net. 
A  definition  of  knowledge  and  study 
of  the  methods  by  which  men  have 
thought  it  possible  to  attain  it. 


SOCIAL  LAWS. 

A  translation  of  GEORGE  TARDE'S  "  Les  Lois  Sociales,"  by 
HOWARD  C.  WARREN,  Asst.  Prof  .Experimental  Psychology, 
Princeton  Univ.  With  Introduction  by  J.  MARK  BALDWIN, 
Prof.  Psychology,  Princeton  Univ.  Cloth,  12mo,  $1.25. 


THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  MUNICIPALITIES. 

THE  GREAT  MUNICIPAL  PROBLEMS  STATED  AND  PRACTICAL 
METHODS  SUGGESTED  IN  AID  OF  THEIR  SOLUTION.  By 
the  Hon.  DORMAN  B.  EATON,  formerly  Commissioner  of 
the  United  States  Civil  Service.  Cloth,  8vo,  $4.00  net. 


First  Edition 

Published 

June  1. 


Also  will  Publish  the  150th  Thousand  of 

Richard  Carvel. 

By  WINSTON  CHURCHILL,  Author  of  "The  Celebrity." 


17th  Edition 

Just  Ready. 
Cloth,  $1.50. 


"  MR.  CHURCHILL  handles  his  subject  with  a  master 
touch,  calmly,  clearly,  and  with  a  simplicity  that  makes  his 
story  a  truly  broad  and  beautiful  one  ...  an  enduring  piece 
of  work."— American  (Philadelphia). 


"  In  RICHARD  CARVEL  we  get  a  book  quite  out  of  the 
ordinary  run  ...  an  exceptionally  interesting  and  vividly 
written  work  .  .  .  very  pleasant  and  very  suggestive  read- 
ing."— Sheffield  Daily  Telegraph  (England). 


"The  'wearing'  quality  of  Mr.  Churchill's  latest  book,  RICHARD  CARVEL,  is  an  assurance  of  many  comforting  things 
in  the  literary  life.  .  .  .  Judging  the  work  as  a  whole,  it  is  a  production  of  which  not  only  the  author,  but  his  countrymen, 
have  every  reason  to  be  proud." — Literature. 


Send  for  a  copy  of  the  new  Fall  Announcement  List  oj 

THE  MACMILLAN   COMPANY,   PUBLISHERS,   NEW  YORK  CITY. 


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[O.t.  1,  1899. 


SOME  OF  THE   NEW  BOOKS. 


Oom   Paul's  People. 


Bj  HOWARD  C.  HILLKOAB.    With  Illustrations.     12mo.  cloth,  81.50. 

"  Oow  Paul's  People  "  U  tt»  title  of  an  exoewUnf ly  timely  and  lnten»ting  book,  prMentinf  clearly  for  the  flrat  time  in  thU  country  the 
Boer*'  aide  of  the  Trauraal  QoMtion.  The  author  U  Howard  C.  HUfegat,  a  New  York  newspaper  man,  who  apent  nearly  two  yean  in  South 
Africa,  enjoying  •pecial  facilitiea  at  the  hands  of  Pnattet  Krager  and  other  Boer  officials,  a*  well  at  from  Sir  Alfred  Mllner  and  other  BritUh 
repna«eH«tlm  at  Cape  Colony.  The  hook  contains  an  important  interriew  with  Oom  Paul,  and  a  special  study  of  Cecil  Rhodes.  The  author 
Jobbers  and  politicians  for  all  the  trouble  between  the  Boers  and  the  English,  and  believes  that  war  U  the  probable  final  outcome. 


Chte  chapter  U  especially  devoted  to  the  American  Interests  in  South  Africa,  showing  that,  while  British  capital  owns  the  vast  gold  mines, 
smerinen  brains  operate  them.  The  book  is  eminently  readable  from  first  to  last,  and  U  evidently  based  upon  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
situation  which  is  now  attracting  the  attention  of  the  whole  world,  on  account  of  the  fact  that  this  little  nation  is  trying  to  hold  its  own 
the  power  of  great  Britain.  ^ 

The  Hero  of  Manila. 

Dewey  on  the  Mississippi  and  the  Pacific.  By 
ROSSITER  JOHNSON.  A  new  book  in  the  ••  Young 
Heroes  of  Our  Navy  "  Series.  Illustrated. 
cloth,  SI. 00. 


Anthony  Hope's  New  Novel. 
The  King's  Mirror. 

A  Novel.  By  ANTHONY  HOPE,  author  of  "  The 
Chronicles  of  Count  Antonio,"  "  The  God  in  the 
Car,"  •'  Rupert  of  Hentzau."  12mo,  cloth,  91 .60. 

By  the  Author  of"  Dodo" 
Mammon  and  Co. 

A  Novel.  By  E.  F.  BENSON,  author  of  "  Dodo," 
"  The  Rubicon,"  etc.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 

The  Races  of  Europe. 

A  Sociological  Study.  By  WILLIAM  Z.  RIPLEY, 
Ph.D.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Sociology,  Mass. 
Institute  Technology,  Lecturer  in  Anthropology 
at  Columbia  University.  Crown  8vo,  cloth,  650 
pages,  with  85  Maps  and  235  Portrait  Types.  With 
a  Supplementary  Bibliography  of  nearly  2000 
Titles,  separately  bound  in  cloth  (178  pages),  86. 

The  Log  of  a  5ea-Waif. 

Being  Recollections  of  the  First  Four  Years  of 
My  Sea  Life.  By  FRANK  T.  BULLEN,  F.R.G.S., 
author  of  "The  Cruise  of  the  Cachalot"  and 
"  Idylls  of  the  Sea."  Illustrated.  Uniform  edi- 
tion. 12mo,  cloth,  01.50.  (Ready  shortly.) 

Uncle  Sam's  Soldiers. 

By  O.  P.  AUSTIN,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Statis- 
tics, Treasury  Department;  author  of  "Uncle 
Sam's  Secrets."  "  Appletons'  Home-Reading 
Books."  Illustrated.  12mo,  cloth,  75  cents  net. 

The  Story  of  the  Living  Machine. 

By  H.  W.  CONN,  author  of  "  Story  of  Germ  Life." 
"Library  of  Useful  Stories."  18mo,  cloth,  40c. 


The  Story  of  Magellan. 

By    HEZEKIAH    BUTTERWORTH. 
12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 


Illustrated. 


Alaska  and  the  Klondike. 

A  Journey  to  the  New  Eldorado.  With  Hints  to 
the  Traveller  and  Observations  on  the  Physical 
History  and  Geology  of  the  Gold  Regions,  the 
Condition  and  Methods  of  Working  the  Klondike 
Placers,  and  the  Laws  Governing  and  Regulating 
Mining  in  the  Northwest  Territory  of  Canada.  By 
ANGELO  HEILPRIN,  Professor  of  Geology  Acad- 
emy of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  Fellow 
Royal  Geographical  Society  of  London,  Past  Pres. 
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illustrated  from  Photographs  and  with  a  new 
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Averages. 

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The  Half-Back. 

A  Story  of  School,  Football,  and  Golf.  By  RALPH 
HENRY  BARBOUR.  II IMS.  12mo,  cloth,  91.50. 

Imperial  Democracy. 

By  DAVID  STARR  JORDAN,  Ph.D.,  Pres't  Lelaml 
Stanford  Junior  University.  12mo,  cloth,  91.50. 


IN    APPLETONS'   TOWN   AND   COUNTRY    LIBRARY. 

Each  12mo,  cloth,  $1.00;  paper,  50  eta. 

A  BITTER  HERITAGE.  By  JOHN  BLOUKDKLLB-BUBTOK,   |   THE  HEIRESS  OF  THE  SEASON.     By  Sir  WILLIAM 
author  of  "  Fortune  '•  my  Foe,"  etc.  MAUN  AY.  Bart.,  author  of  "  The  Pride  of  Life,"  etc. 


LADY   BARBARITY. 

author  of  "  Miatre 
the  Soldier/'  etc. 


A  Romance.     By  J.  C.  SKAITH, 
•  Dorothy  Marrin,"  "  Fieroeheart, 


THE  STRANGE  STORY  OF  HESTER  WYNNE.  Told 
by  Herself.  With  a  Prologue  by  G.  COLMOKE,  author 
of  "  A  Daughter  of  Music,"  etc. 


For  tale  by  all  Bookseller*,  or  sent  by  mail  on  receipt  of  price  by  the  Publishers, 

D.  APPLETON  &  COMPANY,  No.  72  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 


THE  DIAL 

Journal  of  Hiterarg  Criticism,  Discussion,  ant»  Information. 


No.  319. 


OCT.  1,  1899.        Vol.  XXVII. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

.  227 


COMMUNICATIONS 229 

The  Uses  of  the  Book  Review.     W.  E.  K. 

The  Civil  War  and  National  Sovereignty.    James 

O.  Pierce. 
An  Appeal  for  Nursery  Rhymes  and  Jingles. 

Charles  Welsh. 

A  FIGHTER  FOR  THE  CONFEDERACY.  E.G.J.  231 

THEORIES  OF  THE  NATIONAL  CONSTITUTION. 

James  O.  Pierce 233 

BRITAIN  AND  THE  BOERS.     Wallace  Eice  ...  236 

RECENT    BOOKS    OF   POETRY.     William  Morton 

Payne 238 

Money-Coutts'sThe  Alhambra. — Hartley  Coleridge's 
Poems.  —  Brocklebank's  Poems  and  Songs.  —  Sam- 
nels's  Shadows,  and  Other  Poems.  —  Holmes's  The 
Silence  of  Love.  —  Eva  Gore- Booth's  Poems. —  Mrs. 
Snorter's  My  Lady's  Slipper.  —  Miss  Lucas's  Fugi- 
tives. —  Mrs.  Channing's  Sea  Drift.  —  Mrs.  Sewall's 
Ode  to  Girlhood.  —  Miss  Dickinson's  Within  the 
Hedge.  —  Markham's  The  Man  with  the  Hoe.  — 
Rogers's  For  the  King.  —  An  Epic  of  the  Soul. — 
Cawein'sMyth  and  Romance. — Griffith's  The  House 
of  Dreams. —  Sill's  Hermione. —  Timrod's  Poems. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 245 

Is  war  to  be  impossible  ?  —  Dubious  yarns  of  sailor 
life. —  A  new  book  on  an  old  worthy. —  Robespierre, 
"  scapegoat  of  the  Revolution."  —  A  famous  maker 
of  anthologies.  —  The  lives  of  twelve  great  soldiers. 
—  Lugubrious  twentieth  century  prophecies. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 247 

LITERARY  NOTES 248 

THE  SEASON'S  BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG  ...  249 
(A  continuation  of  the  List  of  Fall  Books  in 
THK  DIAL  for  Sept.  16.) 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS 250 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  251 


FRENCH  POETRY  AND  ENGLISH. 

The  subject  of  the  comparative  merits  and 
capabilities  of  the  French  and  English  lan- 
guages as  media  for  poetical  expression  comes 
up  periodically  in  the  literary  journals,  and 
appears  to  be  as  far  from  settlement  as  ever. 
In  its  modern  critical  phase,  the  discussion 
seems  to  have  found  its  starting-point  in  that 
puzzling  final  chapter  of  Taine's  "  English  Lit- 
erature," which  makes  an  elaborate  comparison 
between  Musset  and  Tennyson,  and  returns  a 
verdict  in  favor  of  the  French  poet.  "  I  pre- 
fer Alfred  de  Musset  to  Tennyson,"  were  the 


words  with  which  Taine  closed  the  chapter,  and 
for  many  years  his  English  critics  refused  to 
take  such  a  dictum  seriously,  setting  it  down 
rather  summarily  as  one  of  those  aberrations 
of  judgment  into  which  the  best  of  men  are 
apt  to  be  betrayed  by  the  conditions  of  their 
own  milieu  and  moment.  No  doubt  the  char- 
acterization of  "  In  Memoriam  "  as  "  cold, 
monotonous,  and  often  too  prettily  arranged  " 
lent  color  to  the  assumption  that  the  French 
critic  was  incapable  of  feeling  what  Tennyson 
meant  to  his  English  readers,  and  that  his 
preference  for  Musset  was  nothing  more  than 
an  illustration  of  racial  prejudice.  After  all, 
Taine  was  a  Frenchman,  poor  thing,  and  could 
not  be  expected  to  know  any  better.  These 
words  would  fairly  sum  up  the  undercurrent 
of  feeling  that  ran  beneath  the  various  polite 
phrases  with  which  his  bizarre  opinion  was 
glanced  at  and  dismissed. 

The  subject  being  thus  brought  into  the 
forum  of  discussion,  a  great  many  English 
writers  were  found  to  hold  a  similar  view,  and 
it  got  to  be  a  sort  of  critical  commonplace  to 
say  that,  while  French  prose  was  an  unsurpass- 
able form  of  expression,  French  poetry  was  not 
to  be  compared  with  English,  that  the  French 
language  was  incapable  of-  scaling  the  higher 
peaks  of  poetical  sublimity,  or  of  sounding  the 
deeper  harmonies  of  song.  The  weight  of 
Matthew  Arnold's  authority  was  added  to  this 
concurrence  of  lesser  opinion,  and  the  question 
seemed  to  be  settled.  Moreover,  who  but  an  En- 
glishman could  enter  into  the  spirit  of  English 
poetry,  and  how  presumptuous  it  was  for  French- 
men, one  of  the  most  distinguished  of  whom  had 
called  Shakespeare  "  a  drunken  savage,"  to  pre- 
tend to  understand  it.  As  for  the  ability  of  an 
Englishman  to  see  all  that  there  was  in  French 
poetry,  and  to  expose  the  hollowness  of  its  pre- 
tensions, that  was  quite  another  matter.  Mat- 
thew Arnold,  we  are  told,  was  fond  of  quoting 
French  Alexandrines  followed  by  Shakespear- 
ian verses,  whereupon  he  would  exclaim  "  What 
a  relief  "  !  Now,  with  all  due  respect  for  this 
great  critic,  such  a  method  of  comparison 
proves  nothing  more  than  the  possession  of  a 
fatuous  national  self-sufficiency  on  the  part  of 
the  writer  who  makes  use  of  it,  and  the  fact 
that  a  French  critic  would  reverse  the  process, 
and  feel  equally  relieved  by  the  Alexandrine 
cadence,  is  all  the  answer  that  such  an  argument 


•22s 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


needs.  The  ideal  method  of  dealing  with  the 
dispute  would  probably  be  its  reference  to  a 
court  of  arbitration  composed,  say,  of  Russians 
and  Hungarians  equally  familiar  with  both 
French  and  English,  if  such  might  be  found. 
In  the  matter  of  mutual  comprehension  and 
appreciation,  both  French  and  English  criti- 
cism have  advanced,  of  late  years,  far  beyond 
the  point  at  which  it  was  possible  for  a  French- 
man to  ignore  English  literature  altogether, 
and  for  an  Englishman  to  assume  complacently 
the  entire  superiority  of  his  own  poetry  over 
that  of  his  neighbor  across  the  Channel.  There 
have  been  too  many  careful  studies  of  English 
literature  by  French  critics,  and  too  many  in- 
terpreters of  French  poetry  to  English  readers 
for  either  of  these  provincial  positions  to  be 
maintained,  and  it  is  highly  significant  that  a 
recent  volume  of  essays  by  Professor  W.  P. 
Trent  should  again  take  up  the  question  of 
Tennyson  and  Musset,  this  time  to  refer  to  it 
in  the  following  language :  •'  To  those  of  us 
who  have  been  allowed  to  see  the  error  of  our 
way  through  our  reading  of  Hugo,  Leconte  de 
Lisle,  and  Musset  himself,  who  have  learned 
to  our  surprise  that  much  of  what  our  teachers 
had  told  us  about  the  insufficiency  of  the 
French  language  to  the  expression  of  high  po- 
etic thought  and  sentiment  was  due  to  mere 
ignorance  on  their  part,  a  doubt  has  perhaps 
come  more  than  once  whether  Taine  was  not 
partly  justified  in  his  preference  for  Musset 
over  Tennyson."  This  passage  is  significant 
simply  because  it  abandons  the  old  arrogant 
English  attitude,  and  evinces  a  disposition  to 
reopen  the  question  once  thought  to  be  closed, 
to  reexamine  it  in  an  enlightened  spirit  and 
with  a  candid  mind.  Mr.  Trent  by  no  means 
claims  to  reverse  the  former  decision,  but  he 
does  go  so  far  as  to  say  that  "  it  is  certainly 
permissible  for  those  who  care  for  the  lyrical 
expression  of  intense  passion  to  maintain  that 
they  find  little  or  nothing  in  Tennyson  that  takes 
the  place  for  them  of  Musset's  chief  poems." 

"  C'est  cette  TOIZ  da  ccenr  qoi  Male  an  ooenr  arrive, 
Que  nul  antra,  aprfa  toi,  ne  nous  rendra  jamais." 

The  whole  general  subject  of  French  and 
English  poetry  has  been  under  discussion  by  a 
variety  of  pens  during  the  past  three  months 
in  the  pages  of  "The  Saturday  Review,"  and 
it  is  not  often  that  the  "  silly  season  "  of  En- 
glish journalism  gets  hold  of  so  interesting  a 
theme.  The  discussion  was  started  by  the 
irrepressible  **  Max,"  apropos  of  Mme.  Bern- 
hardt's  "Hamlet,"  and  for  once  this  humming- 
bird critic  plunged  his  beak  into  the  very  heart 


of  the  blossoms  among  which  he  was  disporting. 
Complaining  that  "Paix,  paix,  nine  troublee  !  " 
for  example,  was  entirely  inadequate  to  repro- 
duce the  "  Rest,  rest,  perturbed  spirit ! "  of  the 
original  — which  is  undoubtedly  true  —  he  said : 
"The  fact  is  that  the  French  language,  limpid  and 
exquisite  though  it  is,  affords  no  scope  for  phrases  which, 
like  this  phrase  of  Shakespeare's,  are  charged  with  a 
dim  significance  beyond  their  meaning  and  with  re- 
verberations beyond  their  sound.  The  French  language, 
like  the  French  genius,  can  give  no  hint  of  things 
beyond  those  which  it  definitely  expresses.  For  ex- 
pression, it  is  a  far  finer  instrument  than  our  language  ; 
but  it  is  not,  in  the  sense  that  our  language  is,  suggest- 
ive. It  lacks  mystery.  It  casts  none  of  those  purple 
shadows  which  do  follow  and  move  with  the  moving 
phrases  of  our  great  poets." 

With  these  observations  the  train  was  fired 
that  led  to  a  series  of  veritable  explosions  of 
opinion  on  the  part  of  correspondents  of  the 
paper,  and  the  discussion  which  was  thus  evoked 
is  not  yet  ended,  for  every  week  brings  to  it 
some  further  contribution. 

First  of  all,  another  "M.  B."  rallied  to  the 
defense  of  the  language  thus  attacked,  denied 
the  charges  in  toto,  and  quoted  various  pas- 
sages which  were  certainly  not  lacking,  to  a 
properly  attuned  ear,  in  the  quality  of  mys- 
terious suggestiveness.  "  I  maintain,"  said  the 
writer,  "  that  Racine's  lines  — 

'  Ariane,  ma  soeur,  de  qnel  amour  blentie, 
Votu  mouiutes  aux  borda  ou  voua  lutes  laissle ! ' 

Are  quite  as  suggestive  as  *  Rest,  rest,  per- 
turbed spirit!  "  We,  for  one,  will  not  deny 
the  haunting  quality  of  the  couplet,  which  casts 
shadows  quite  as  purple  as  those  of  the  Shake- 
spearian phrase  brought  into  comparison.  This 
writer  closed  his  letter  with  a  felicitous  revival 
of  the  old  "  Punch  "  story  about  the  little  girl 
and  her  nurse.  "  And  you  must  know,  Parker, 
that  in  France  they  say  Wee  for  Yes."  "La! 
Miss,"  answered  the  nurse,  "how  paltry!" 

The  letter  above  described  at  once  excited 
the  combative  instincts  of  Professor  Tyrrell, 
who  rushed  into  the  fray  with  the  argument 
that  French  is  "  an  essentially  emasculated 
tongue,  in  fact,  pigeon-Latin."  Had  the  Dub- 
lin professor  been  content  to  leave  his  argu- 
ment unsupported  by  examples,  all  might  have 
been  well,  but  in  an  unfortunate  moment  he 
added :  "  When  a  Frenchman  says  a  girl  is 
4  beaucoup  belle'  he  is  using  Latin  as  a  Chinese 
would  be  using  English  if  he  called  her  4  good- 
whack  good.' "  The  week  following  this  several 
further  communications  appeared,  but  the  main 
subject  was  for  the  moment  forgotten  in  the 
opportunity  offered  to  say  cutting  things  about 
Professor  TyrrelTs  "  beaucoup  belle."  As  one 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


229 


writer  remarked,  "  An  Englishman  who  said 
this  would  be  treated  to  the  courtesy  due  to 
strangers,  but  a  Frenchman  would  be  prepar- 
ing for  himself  an  unhappy  manhood  and  a 
friendless  old  age."  After  this  interlude  the 
original  theme  was  again  taken  up,  and  illu- 
minated, during  successive  weeks,  by  an  array 
of  views  and  pertinent  quotations  that  were 
unfailing  in  their  interest. 

It  may  be  said  that  such  a  discussion  leads  to 
nothing,  which  is  in  one  sense  true ;  but  in 
another  sense  we  must  say  that  it  leads  to  a 
greater  catholicity  of  temper  and  openness  of 
mind,  thus  accomplishing  a  highly  useful  pur- 
pose. But  the  old  misconception  of  French 
poetry  as  incapable  of  sounding  the  depths  of 
the  spiritual  life  is  one  that  dies  hard.  We 
have  never  seen,  on  the  whole,  an  abler  plea  for 
this  view  than  was  contained  in  a  leading  ar- 
ticle published  last  year  in  "  Literature." 
"  There  are  two  great  ways,"  we  were  told, 
"  by  which  men  and  nations  may  guide  their 
thought ;  the  way  of  materialism,  and  the  way 
of  mysticism.  Surely  we  may  sum  up  the 
whole  discussion  by  saying  that  the  French 
nation  has  chosen  the  former,  and  that  the 
French  language  reflects  the  limitations  of  the 
materialistic  position."  Surely?  Let  this  con- 
tention be  met  by  Victor  Hugo. 

"  Ne  possede-t-il  pastoute  la  certitude? 
Dieu  ne  remplit-il  pas  ce  monde,  notre  e'tude, 

Du  nadir  an  ze'uith  ? 

Notre  sagesse  aupies  de  la  sienne  est  de'mence. 
Et  n'est-ce  pas  it,  lui  que  la  clarte*  commence, 

Et  que  1'ombre  finit? 

"  D'ailleurs,  pensons.    Nos  jours  sont  des  jours  d'amertume, 
Mais,  quand  nous  £  tendons  les  bras  dans  cette  brume, 

Nous  sentons  une  main  ; 

Quand  nous  mflrchons,  coin-he's,  dans  1'ombre  du  martyre, 
Nons  entendons  quelqu'un  derriere  nous  nous  dire : 

C'est  ici  le  chemin." 

Again,  "French  literature  must  have  no  strange- 
ness in  the  proportion,  no  vague  epithets  that 
hint  of  worlds  unseen  and  unsuspected  secrets." 
But  what  of  M.  de  Heredia's  magical  verses 
upon  the  companions  of  Columbus: 

"  Chaque  soir,  espdrant  des  lendemains  e'piques, 
L'azur  phosphorescent  de  la  mer  des  Tropiques 
Enchantait  leur  sommeil  d'un  mirage  doi6  ; 
Ou,  pench^s  <\  1'avaut  des  blanches  caravelles, 
Us  regardait  monter  en  un  ciel  ignore" 
Du  fond  de  I'Oce'an  des  e'toiles  nouvelles." 

Our  writer  concludes  with  these  eloquent 
words  :  "  Our  debate  is  not  of  what  is  true, 
but  of  what  is  beautiful ;  the  artist  cannot 
hesitate  between  the  sacramental  words  and 
the  chemical  formula,  and  it  must  be  said 
again  and  again  that  from  the  French  ports 
no  ship  sails  into  faery  lands  forlorn.  French 
literature  is  the  most  delightful  garden  in 


the  world ;  but  the  neat  hedges  of  that  gay 
parterre  shut  in  the  view,  and  no  man  stand- 
ing by  the  bosky  arbors  can  behold  the  vision 
of  Monsalvat  or  the  awful  towers  of  Carbonek 
far  in  the  spiritual  city."  The  beauty  of  these 
words  is  obvious,  and  equally  obvious  their 
sincerity;  yet  thought  of  the  work  of  Hugo 
alone  is  sufficient  for  their  refutation.  There 
is  no  note  of  music  that  he  has  not  struck,  no 
chord  of  the  life  of  the  soul  that  has  not  sounded 
from  his  lyre.  The  lyric  rapture  of  "  Le 
Chasseur  Noir  "  and  "  Un  Peu  de  Musique  " 
is  essentially  one  with  the  lyric  rapture  of 
Shelley,  and  above  this  height  the  wings  of 
song  may  not  be  borne.  The  superiority  of 
English  poetry  over  French  is  in  its  quantity 
rather  than  in  its  quality.  It  may  fairly  be 
admitted  that  Shakespeare  and  Milton  and 
Shelley  and  Tennyson  outweigh  Racine  and 
Hugo  and  Musset  and  Leconte  de  Lisle,  but 
only  those  who  are  "  tone-deaf "  to  the  music 
of  French  verse  and  untouched  by  the  sub- 
tleties of  its  emotional  suggest! veness  can 
maintain  that  it  never  soars  to  the  highest 
plane  of  imaginative  beauty  and  spiritual 
insight. 

COMMUNICA  TIONS. 

THE  USES  OF  THE  BOOK  REVIEW. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

In  the  September  "  Atlantic  "  I  find  a  readable  arti- 
cle by  Mr.  J.  S.  Tunison  on  the  Book  Review.  "  What 
is  the  value  of  the  book  review  ?  "  is  the  problem  Mr. 
Tunison  sets  himself  to  solve;  and  he  goes  on  to  solve 
it  in  the  necessarily  rather  discursive  and  Delphic  fash- 
ion imposed  on  a  man  who  has  several  pages  of  space 
to  fill,  and  cannot,  therefore,  content  himself  with  a 
plain  answer  to  a  plain  question.  Let  me  try  to  give  a 
plain  answer  to  Mr.  Tunison's  plain  question.  What  is 
the  value  (or  use)  of  a  book  review  ?  Why,  precisely 
that  which  any  description  or  characterization  of  a  new 
thing  offered  for  sale  to  the  public  has:  it  sets  forth 
what  the  new  thing  specifically  is,  and  helps  the  reader 
to  judge  whether  or  no  the  new  thing  is  one  which  he, 
the  reader,  wants  badly  enough  to  buy.  Ask  us  (or 
yourself)  something  harder,  Mr.  Tunison.  Of  course 
if  the  reviewer  chooses  to  throw  in  his  personal  opinion 
of  the  worth  of  the  new  thing,  and  even  to  expand  him- 
self a  little  on  topics  mooted  by  his  author,  well  and 
good.  We,  the  subscribers,  don't  grudge  him  his  little 
literary  fling;  but  it  is  primarily  his  exposition  that  we 
want,  and  that  we  impliedly  contract  for  when  we  sub- 
scribe for  his  journal.  We  take  his  journal  as  a  guide  to 
the  book-market. 

Among  Mr.  Tunison's  acquaintances,  he  tells  us,  is  a 
publisher  who  declares  that  "  No  review  ever  sold  a 
book."  This  "  acute  "  man,  it  seems,  argues  it  out  as 
follows:  There  are  some  books  (like  "  Ben-Hur")  that 
have  sold  well  though  neglected  by  reviewers;  there 
are  some  other  books  that  have  sold  well  though 
"  roasted  "  by  reviewers;  ergo,  "  No  review  ever  sells  a 


230 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


book."  Logical  man  I  I  suppose  be  would  argue,  also: 
Some  sick  men  have  gotten  well  without  the  aid  of  a 
doctor;  some  other  sick  men  have  gotten  well  though 
given  up  by  the  doctor;  ergo,  No  doctor  ever  helped  a 
sick  man  to  get  well.  No  review  ever  sold  a  book  ! 
Alas,  how  much  richer  (in  coin,  at  least)  would  the 
present  writer  be  were  that  dictum  a  true  one  !  The 
man  given  to  buying  more  books  than  he  can  afford, 
who  subscribes  to  a  Review,  deliberately  courts  danger 
and  woos  his  besetting  sin.  \\  |  •  g 

Pittifield,  Matt.,  Sept.  17, 1899. 


THE  CIVIL  WAR  AND  NATIONAL 

SOVEREIGNTY. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

The  communication  in  THE  DIAL  for  September  16, 
from  Mr.  £.  Parmalee  Prentice,  concerning  the  treatise 
of  himself  and  Mr.  Egan  on  "  The  Commerce  Clause 
of  the  Federal  Constitution,"  discloses  that  the  change 
which  he  thinks  the  Federal  Constitution  has  exper- 
ienced with  respect  to  the  question  of  nationality  is  a 
change  not  in  law  but  in  fact.  In  other  words,  there 
have  been  in  the  past  dissents  upon  the  subject  among 
those  whose  views  and  actions  should  bave  been  gov- 
erned by  the  decisions  of  the  courts.  Those  decisions 
have  themselves  consistently  sustained  the  nationality 
of  the  Federal  Government  The  dissenters  bave  at 
last  yielded  to  the  views  of  the  majority,  and  all  now 
agree  upon  the  theory  of  nationality  ;  and  this  change 
of  opinion  on  the  part  of  the  minority  is  what  the 
authors  think  has  caused  the  United  States  to  be  "com- 
pletely established  as  a  national  government."  Giving 
this  view  full  consideration,  it  seems  to  me  tbat  it  jus- 
tifies the  suggestions  in  my  review.  Those  who  read 
the  review  will  remember  tbat  the  work  was  treated 
by  me  as  a  legal  essay,  intended  primarily  for  lawyers. 
I  do  not  discover  upon  the  face  of  the  treatise  that  the 
authors  have  limited  their  views  upon  this  subject  to 
the  fact  of  dissent  from  the  decisions  of  the  courts. 
The  quotations  from  the  book,  made  in  the  review, 
were  found  under  the  headings,  "  Change  in  Theory  of 
Constitutional  Construction  "  and  "  The  Application  of 
the  Doctrine  of  State's  Rights,"  the  implication  being 
plain  tbat  the  theories  advanced  were  legal  proposi- 
tions. If  the  authors  agree  that  the  changes  they  dis- 
cover were  not  variations  or  vacillations  in  the  course 
of  constitutional  decision,  should  not  this  circumstance 
have  been  made  plain  upon  the  face  of  a  legal  treatise  ? 

But  if  we  distinguish  history  from  jurisprudence, 
and  take  the  views  of  the  authors  as  applicable  to  our 
history,  is  it  just  to  treat  the  dissent  from  the  decisions 
of  the  courts,  which  is  merely  agitated  but  does  not 
prevail,  as  constituting  any  change  in  fact,  even  in  our 
constitutional  history  ?  Mr.  Prentice  says  that "  before 
the  war  the  Southern  theories  of  construction  had  suc- 
ceeded in  depriving  the  Federal  Government  of  many 
national  attributes  ; "  that  whatever  had  been  the  legal 
relations  between  the  States  and  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment, before  the  war,  "  they  were  certainly  not  estab- 
lished in  fact  as  they  were  afterward  ; "  and  that,  until 
the  war  disposed  of  secession,  "  State  sovereignty  was 
more  thought  of  than  National  sovereignty."  Are 
these  suggestions  to  be  written  down  as  a  part  of  our 
constitutional  history  ?  I  know  of  no  warrant,  either 
in  fact  or  in  law,  for  such  statements.  To  argue  that 
these  features  distinguish  our  constitutional  history 
before  the  Civil  War,  and  tbat  therefore  that  war  his- 
torically established  the  nation,  is  in  my  view  to  mis- 


take cause  and  effect.  Those  who  participated  in  the 
struggle  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Constitution  and 
the  Union  will  surely  agree  with  me  in  the  view,  not 
that  nationality  resulted  as  a  fact  because  of  the  issue 
of  the  Civil  War,  but  that  the  people  put  duwn  the 
insurrection  of  1861  in  reliance  upon  and  by  virtue  of 
the  fact  that,  as  the  Supreme  Court  decided  in  1793 
and  always  subsequently  held,  the  United  States  be- 
came a  Nation  under  and  by  virtue  of  the  Constitution. 
"The  relations  between  the  States  and  the  Federal 
Government"  were  so  thoroughly  established  by  law, 
that  the  illegal  attempt  to  sunder  those  relations  proved 
a  failure. 


JAMBS  OSCAR  PIERCE. 


Minneapolii,  Sept.  t5,  1899. 


AN  APPEAL  FOR  NURSERY  RHYMES  AND 

JINGLES. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

A  short  time  ago  you  were  good  enough  to  print  a 
request  from  me  for  American  variants  of  the  "  Mother 
Goose  Rhymes  and  Jingles."  This  request  has  bad  a 
somewhat  unexpected  and  unlooked-for  result.  Instead 
of  finding  any  body  of  evidence  that  the  old  favorites 
have  become  corrupt,  almost  the  contrary  appears  to  be 
the  case,  for  their  purity  seems  to  have  been  generally 
preserved  in  quite  a  remarkable  manner;  this  is  prob- 
ably due  to  the  fact  that  the  "  Mother  Goose  Books  " 
have  been  for  so  many  years  made  so  cheaply  that  there 
can  scarcely  be  found  a  home,  however  lowly,  where 
there  are  children  without  a  copy  of  the  received  text 
of  the  famous  classic. 

The  direct  simplicity,  the  dramatic  imagination,  the 
vivid  fancy,  and  the  free  and  spontaneous  humor  of  the 
"  Mother  Goose  Rhymes  and  Jingles "  will  probably 
never  be  excelled  by  any  body  of  modern  verse,  and  will 
doubtless  while  our  language  lasts  remain  "  the  light 
literature  of  the  infant  scholar." 

But  since  the  collection  was  first  printed  by  Newbery, 
about  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  many  new  verses 
and  rhymes  and  jingles  have  succeeded  in  getting  a 
foothold  in  the  nursery,  from  which  it  would  be  as  hard 
to  dislodge  them  as  to  oust  "Mother  Goose"  herself: 
such  as,  for  example,  some  of  the  inimitable  nonsense 
rhymes  by  Edward  Lear,  Longfellow's  "There  Was  a 
Little  Girl,"  some  of  the  verses  of  Eugene  Field,  Ten- 
nyson, and  Stevenson,  not  to  mention  many  others.  The 
kindergarten  movement,  too,  has  set  many  people  ac- 
tively to  work  in  writing  nursery  rhymes  and  jingles, 
play  games,  etc.,  many  of  them,  of  course,  worthless 
and  doomed  to  perish  as  the  sparks  fly  upward,  but 
some  of  them,  possessing  in  the  main  the  characteris- 
tics of  the  "  Mother  Goose  Rhymes,"  will  doubtless  be 
perpetuated  along  with  them. 

All  this  is  reflected  in  the  letters  which  I  have  re- 
ceived during  the  past  two  or  three  months  from  cor- 
respondents all  over  the  country,  and  it  is  evident  that 
the  approved  literature  of  the  nursery  has  enormously 
increased  during  recent  years.  In  making  a  collection 
of  these  modern  classics  of  the  nursery,  it  is  impossible 
for  one  person  to  find  out  all  of  those  which  have  taken 
a  permanent  place  in  the  life  of  the  little  ones;  and  I 
should  like  to  make  another  appeal  to  your  readers  to 
ask  them  this  time  to  send  me  the  nursery  rhymes  and 
jingles  which  are  familiar  and  popular  in  the  nursery, 
but  are  not  to  be  found  in  the  "  Mother  Goose  "  collec- 
tions. CHARLES  WELSH. 

Winthrop  Uighlandi,  Mau.,  Sept.  tO,  1899. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


231 


A  FIGHTER  FOB  THE  CONFEDERACY.* 

Dr.  John  Allan  Wyeth's  animated  account 
of  the  life  and  campaigns  of  that  masterful 
character  and  untutored  soldier  of  genius, 
General  N.  B.  Forrest,  is  a  desirable  addition 
to  the  literature  of  the  Civil  War.  Forrest's 
reputation  was  long  under  a  cloud  owing  to  his 
alleged  responsibility  for  the  excesses  at  Fort 
Pillow,  and  to  the  conception  of  him  at  the 
North  as  a  superior  sort  of  Quantrell  who 
fought  with  little  regard  for  the  rules  and 
amenities  of  "civilized  warfare"  (to  use  the 
current  contradiction  in  terms)  ;  and  it  is  well, 
now  that  the  passions  engendered  by  the  strug- 
gle have  cooled,  that  Forrest's  side  of  the  case 
should  be  ably  and  fully  presented.  This  office 
Dr.  Wyeth  seems  to  us  to  have  performed ; 
and  while  his  book  is  one  that  will  probably  at 
some  points  excite  controversy,  we  venture  to 
say  that  no  fair-minded  Northern  man,  intelli- 
gent enough  to  form  a  liberal  and  rational 
opinion  somewhat  at  variance  with  his  general 
bias  and  sympathies,  will  read  it  without  reach- 
ing the  conclusion  that  the  old  war-time  view 
of  Forrest  must  now  be  largely  revised,  and 
that  this  fearless  "  fighting  leader  of  fighting 
men  "  was,  all  in  all,  and  despite  what  we  at  the 
North  believe  to  have  been  his  errors  of  politi- 
cal judgment  and  what  his  biographer  admits 
to  have  been  his  grave  defects  of  temper  and 
training,  a  man  of  whose  genius,  courage,  and 
achievements  his  country  at  large  may  now  well 
be  proud.  It  should  be  remembered  that  when 
the  struggle  ended  in  the  defeat  of  the  South, 
Forrest  was  emphatically  one  of  those  who  ac- 
cepted the  issue  unreservedly  and  urged  his 
neighbors  to  do  likewise.  Oblivion  of  the  old 
order,  and  loyalty  to  the  new,  was  the  burden 
of  his  addresses  in  later  years  at  reunions  of 
his  former  comrades  in  arms.  He  honestly 
labored  to  expel  the  enmities  of  strife  and  the 
bitterness  of  defeat  from  his  heart ;  and  when, 
in  his  last  will,  he  bequeathed  his  sword  to  his 
son,  he  enjoined  him  to  use  it,  should  occasion 
offer,  under  the  flag  of  the  Union  with  the  same 
devotion  with  which  it  had  been  wielded  for 
the  Southern  Confederacy.  One  may  pardon- 
ably conjecture  that,  had  General  Forrest  lived, 
the  close  of  the  war  with  Spain  would  have 
found  him,  like  General  Joseph  Wheeler, 

*  LIFE  OF  GENERAL  NATHAN  BEDFORD  FORREST.  By  John 
Allan  Wyeth,  M.D.  Illustrated.  New  York:  Harper  & 
Brothers. 


one  of  the  popular  heroes  of  a  re-united  nation. 
While  Dr.  Wyeth  did  not  serve  immediately 
under  Forrest,  he  was,  during  the  last  two 
years  of  the  war,  a  private  soldier  in  an  Ala- 
bama regiment,  four  companies  of  which  had 
been  transferred  from  his  command.  It  was 
the  enthusiasm  of  these  men  for  their  former 
leader  that  first  awakened  his  interest  in  For- 
rest's career  and  personality,  and  led  to  the 
systematic  researches  of  subsequent  years,  the 
fruits  of  which  are  embodied  in  the  present 
volume.  Dr.  Wyeth  has  evidently  taken  great 
pains  in  collecting  and  sifting  his  material ; 
and  his  book,  apart  from  its  biographical  inter- 
est, must  be  pronounced  a  historical  production 
of  no  mean  importance.  Its  tone,  naturally,  is 
eulogistic  ;  and  the  extremely  interesting  chap- 
ter on  the  storming  of  Fort  Pillow  is  an  able 
plea  in  vindication  of  Forrest's  conduct  on  that 
deplorable  occasion.  Nevertheless,  Dr.  Wyeth's 
tone  is  not  wholly  uncritical.  In  his  account 
of  battles  and  campaigns  he  shows  a  disposition 
to  judge  with  a  measure  of  impartiality  be- 
tween the  often  conflicting  accounts  of  oppos- 
ing commanders,  and  he  frankly  admits  the 
latent  strain  of  savagery  in  Forrest's  nature 
which  led  to  acts  of  violence  that  were  repented 
of  in  cooler  moments,  and  the  memory  of  which 
undoubtedly  shadowed  and  haunted  the  Gen- 
eral's declining  years.  Forrest,  Dr.  Wyeth 
concedes,  "  was  not  an  angel  by  any  means  "; 
and  his  hero-worship  does  not  prevent  him  from 
furnishing  evidence  enough  in  support  of  the 
concession,  and  in  proof  of  the  fact  that  in 
battle  this  guerrilla  of  genius  lived  up  to  his 
maxim  that  "  War  means  fighting,  and  fighting 
means  killing." 

Forrest's  remarkable  military  ability  met 
with  tardy*  recognition  from  the  chiefs  of  the 
Confederacy.  The  educated  soldiers,  graduates 
of  West  Point,  under  whom  or  beside  whom  he 
served,  were  slow  to  perceive,  or  at  all  events 
to  admit,  that  this  fighting  civilian,  who  could 
not  pass  a  cadet's  examination,  who  knew  noth- 
ing of  tactics  and  strategy  save  what  he  had 
picked  up  in  the  field,  was  their  equal  and 
often  their  superior  in  the  actual  practice  of 
war.  Forrest's  very  lack  of  academic  training 
made  him,  in  a  special  way,  a  peculiarly  dan- 
gerous opponent.  There  was  no  predicting,  in 
the  light  of  the  established  principles  of  mili- 
tary science,  what  he  was  going  to  do  next ; 
and  the  Union  generals  were  constantly  baffled 
by  his  erratic  movements  and  hawk-like  swoops, 
as  the  skilled  fencer  who  fights  by  the  book 
may  be  nonplussed  by  the  furious  onset  of  an 


289 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


untaught  yet  a  phenomenally  strong,  swift, 
and  resourceful  antagonist.  Says  General 
Sherman,  in  whose  side  Forrest  was  a  perpetual 
thorn  : 

"  I  think  Forrest  was  the  most  remarkable  man  our 
Civil  War  produced  on  either  Hide.  ...  He  had  never 
read  a  military  book  in  his  life,  knew  nothing  about 
tactics,  could  not  even  drill  a  company,  but  he  had  a 
genius  for  strategy  which  was  original,  and  to  me  incom- 
prehensible. ...  He  always  seemed  to  know  what  I 
was  doing  or  intended  to  do,  while  I  am  free  to  confess 
I  could  never  tell  or  form  any  satisfactory  idea  of  what 
he  was  trying  to  accomplish." 

Jefferson  Davis  is  quoted  by  the  author  as 
saying,  in  reply  to  Governor  Porter  of  Ten- 
nessee, who  had  spoken  of  Forrest  as  "  the  first 
cavalry  leader  of  the  war"  and  as  historically 
rated  as  ••  one  of  the  half-dozen  great  soldiers 
of  the  country  ": 

"  I  agree  with  you.  The  trouble  was  that  the  generals 
commanding  in  the  Southwest  never  appreciated  For- 
rest until  it  was  too  late.  Their  judgment  was  that  he 
was  a  bold  and  enterprising  partisan  raider  and  rider. 
I  was  misled  by  them,  and  1  never  knew  bow  to  measure 
him  until  I  read  his  reports  of  his  campaign  across  the 
Tennessee  River  in  1864.  This  induced  a  study  of  bis 
earlier  reports,  and  after  that  I  was  prepared  to  adopt 
what  you  are  pleased  to  name  the  judgment  of  history." 

General  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  the  masterly 
strategist,  pronounced  Forrest  the  greatest  sol- 
dier of  the  war  ;  while  Lord  Wolseley,  Forrest's 
most  competent  foreign  critic,  says: 

"  Panic  found  no  resting-place  in  that  calm  brain  of 
his,  and  no  danger,  no  risk,  appalled  that  dauntless 
spirit.  Inspired  with  true  military  instincts,  he  was 
verily  nature's  soldier.  It  would  be  difficult  to  find  in 
all  history  a  more  varied  career  than  his,  a  man  who, 
from  the  greatest  poverty,  without  any  learning,  and 
by  sheer  force  of  character  alone,  became  the  great 
fighting  leader  of  fighting  men,  a  man  in  whom  an  ex- 
traordinary military  instinct  and  sound  common-sense 
supplied  to  a  very  large  extent  his  unfortunate  want  of 
military  education.  His  military  career  teaches  us  that 
the  genius  which  makes  men  great  soldiers  is  not  to  be 
measured  by  any  competitive  examination  in  the  science 
of  war.  •  In  war,'  Napoleon  said,  '  men  are  nothing;  a 
man  is  everything.'  It  will  be  difficult  to  find  a  stronger 
corroboration  of  this  maxim  than  is  found  in  the  history 
of  General  Forrest's  operations." 

Forrest  was  a  man  of  reckless  personal  daring. 
He  was  usually  in  the  thickest  of  the  fray,  fight- 
ing like  a  paladin,  and  inspiring  his  men  by 
word  and  deed.  He  never  carried  a  field-glass 
into  battle,  because  his  place  was  at  the  front. 
He  seemed  to  bear  a  charmed  life,  though 
wounded  many  times.  He  had,  in  all,  twenty- 
nine  horses  shot  under  him ;  and  it  is  known 
that  he  placed  thirty  Federal  officers  and  sol- 
diers hnrB  de  combat  in  hand-to-hand  encount- 
ers. Unsparing  of  himself,  he  exacted  equal 
conduct  from  his  men.  ••  Shoot  the  first  man 


that  flickers,"  was  his  standing  order  in  battle  ; 
and  he  was  more  than  once  himself  the  execu- 
tioner. A  believer  in  Christianity,  he  showed 
the  profoundest  respect  for  its  ministers,  and 
gave  the  fullest  possible  opportunities  for  re- 
ligious services  in  camp.  Once  he  greatly 
astonished  a  captured  Federal  chaplain  (who 
expected  short  shrift  at  the  bands  of  "  Forrest 
of  Fort  Pillow  ")  by  not  only  sending  for  him 
to  dine  in  his  tent,  but  by  reverentially  invit- 
ing him  to  ••  ask  the  blessing."  Next  day  a 
further  surprise  awaited  the  good  man.  He 
was  conducted  through  the  lines  and  sent  on 
his  way  rejoicing  by  the  General,  who  humor- 
ously said,  in  parting,  "  Parson,  I  would  keep 
you  here  to  preach  for  me  if  you  were  not  so 
much  more  needed  on  the  other  side."  For- 
rest's respect  for  the  cloth  was  forcibly  mani- 
fested in  the  case  of  Bishop  Payne,  who  had 
been  invited  to  preach  for  the  command  at 
Tupelo.  After  service,  relates  Colonel  Kelley, 
most  of  the  officers  called  on  the  Bishop  at  the 
General's  tent,  and  one  of  them  so  far  forgot 
himself  as  to  give  way  to  his  habit  of  swearing. 

"  Forrest  became  so  deeply  indignant  at  the  outrage- 
ous conduct  of  his  subordinate  that  he  could  scarcely 
contain  himself.  He  took  me  to  one  side,  and  in  an 
earnest  though  low  tone  said:  '  If  you  think  it  ought  to 
be  done,  I  '11  kick  that  hog  out  of  the  tent." 

Forrest  had  the  vein  of  dry  humor  common 
in  the  Southwest.  He  once  effectually  spiked 
the  guns  of  a  loquacious  widow  who  asked  him 
in  company  why  it  was  that  his  beard  was  still 
black  while  his  hair  was  turning  gray,  by  reply- 
ing that  '•  he  did  not  know,  unless  it  was  be- 
cause he  might  have  used  his  brain  a  little  more 
than  he  had  his  jaw." 

Forrest  was  extremely  illiterate ;  and  how 
carefully  we  should  discriminate  between  illit- 
eracy and  ignorance  is  impressively  shown  in 
his  case.  Education  of  a  sort  that  trains  a 
man's  powers  of  action  and  judgment  to  the 
highest  point  of  efficiency,  he  had  in  full  meas- 
ure. But  of  schooling  in  the  usual  sense  of  the 
term  he  had  little  or  none.  He  was  one  of  the 
ablest  and  most  successful  men  that  the  South 
in  his  time  had  produced  ;  but  it  is  doubtful 
if  he  had  ever  enjoyed  even  the  slender  advant- 
ages of  the  backwoods  country  school.  Born 
in  a  cedar-log  cabin  in  a  remote  settlement  of 
middle  Tennessee,  and  the  son  of  a  poor  black- 
smith, Forrest  was  taken  by  his  family  at  thir- 
teen to  a  still  ruder  region  in  Mississippi  —  a 
mere  wilderness  too  sparsely  settled  to  afford 
the  luxury  of  a  schoolhouse.  By  sheer  native 
force  of  character  he  fought  his  way  upward  in 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


233 


civil  as  in  military  life.  He  was  by  turns  far- 
mer, speculator,  merchant,  broker,  and  planter. 
When  the  war  broke  out  he  was  a  rich  and 
influential  man.  While  he  acquired  latterly  a 
certain  sense  of  literary  style,  as  is  shown  in 
his  clear  and  forcible  dispatches  and  in  his 
sometimes  really  eloquent  addresses,  he  never 
quite  rid  himself  of  the  homely  vernacular  of 
his  boyhood.  He  always  said  "  mout "  for 
might,  and  "  fit "  for  fought ;  and  his  "  Tell 
Bell  to  move  up  and  fetch  all  he  's  got,"  is  his- 
torical. He  spelled  as  badly  as  Marlborough 
did.  He  subscribed  himself  "  Lut  Genl "; 
and  when  he  wrote  a  note  of  acknowledgment 
to  his  plucky  girl-guide  at  Black  Creek  he  ex- 
pressed therein  his  "  highest  regardes  to  miss 
Etna  Sanson  for  hir  Gallant  Conduct,"  etc. 
Forrest  was  frankly  conscious  of  his  ortho- 
graphical weakness  and  was  chary  in  the  use 
of  the  pen.  "  I  never  see  one,"  he  said,  "  but 
what  I  think  of  a  snake."  It  is  likely  that 
Forrest  inherited  a  large  share  of  his  tremen- 
dous energy  and  imperious  temper  from  his 
mother  —  an  Amazonian  woman  of  six  feet  in 
height,  who  survived  a  grapple  with  a  panther, 
and  of  whom  it  is  related  that  she  soundly 
thrashed,  with  "  four  peach-tree  switches  "  cut 
for  the  purpose,  an  eighteen-year-old  son  who 
had  just  joined  the  army  and  declined  to  soil 
his  new  '"soldier-clothes"  by  carrying  a  sack 
of  meal  to  the  mill  at  her  bidding.  One  is 
not  surprised  to  learn  that  Mrs.  Forrest  was 
thought  by  her  neighbors  to  be  rather  "  set  in 
her  ways."  Had  she  commanded  a  brigade  at 
the  front  she  would  undoubtedly  have  "  shot 
the  first  man  that  flickered." 

In  his  chapter  on  the  Fort  Pillow  "  massacre" 
Dr.  Wyeth  adduces  a  good  deal  of  respectable 
evidence  tending  to  clear  Forrest  of  the  charges 
brought  against  him  at  the  North.  At  this  dis- 
tance of  time  most  of  us  will  be  free  to  admit 
the  antecedent  probability  that  the  excesses  at 
Fort  Pillow  were  somewhat  exaggerated  by  the 
Northern  authorities  and  newspapers.  We  all 
realize  pretty  clearly  just  now  that  the  spirit  of 
truth  does  not  brood  over  Washington  and  sit 
in  the  soul  of  the  American  press  in  war-time. 
Dr.  Wyeth  thinks  that  the  finding  of  the  Con- 
gressional Committee  upon  the  Fort  Pillow 
affair  was  a  war  measure  designed  to  inflame 
and  stimulate  the  North  and  to  damage  the 
cause  of  the  South  abroad.  This  view  seems 
rather  far-fetched,  though  doubtless  the  publi- 
cation of  the  finding  was  expected  to  have  those 
effects.  The  Committee  probably  gave  what 
they  believed  to  be  an  honest  verdict  on  the 


evidence.  Such  direct  testimony  as  they  were 
then  able  to  secure  all  pointed  one  way,  and 
chimed  with  their  natural  preconceptions.  Our 
own  judgment  is  that  the  secret  or  the  solution 
of  the  terrible  Fort  Pillow  business  is  to  be 
found,  not  in  the  character  of  General  Forrest, 
but  in  the  character  and  composition,  the  pecu- 
liar relation  to  each  other,  of  the  opposing 
forces.  It  seems  only  necessary  to  point  out 
that  the  defenders  of  the  fort  were  composed 
of  Southern  loyalists  (_"  Tennessee  Tories  ") 
and  runaway  negroes,  to  indicate  why  the  con- 
flict was  so  bitter  and  the  victors  were  so  ruth- 
less. There  is  a  grim  line  in  Forrest's  sum- 
mons to  surrender  that  shows  that  he  foresaw 
and  dreaded  the  scenes  that  followed  the  final 
assault :  "  Should  my  demand  be  refused,  I 
cannot  be  responsible  for  the  fate  of  your  com- 
mand." Had  the  conquered  garrison  been 
composed  of  troops  from  the  North  there  would 
have  been  no  "  massacre  of  Fort  Pillow." 

The  volume  is  a  presentable  one  outwardly, 
and  contains  many  portraits  of  Confederate 
officers.  We  regret  that  we  must  here  once 
more  enter  our  old  complaint  of  the  lack  of  an 
index.  E.  G.  J. 


THEORIES  OF  THE  NATION AI, 
CONSTITUTION.* 


The  Commentaries  on  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  prepared  by  the  late  Professor 
John  Randolph  Tucker,  of  Washington  and  Lee 
University,  are  now  published  under  the  editor- 
ship of  his  son  and  successor,  Professor  Henry 
St.  George  Tucker.  They  treat  seriatim  the 
several  provisions  of  that  instrument,  in  a  form 
somewhat  similar  to  the  commentaries  of  Judge 
Story.  Agreeing  in  some  respects  with  that 
eminent  constitutionalist,  Professor  Tucker 
differs  from  him  toto  coelo  in  others,  notably 
in  his  theories  concerning  the  process  by  which 
the  nation  grew,  and  the  office  of  the  Consti- 
tution in  that  process.  One  of  the  objects  of 
this  treatise  is  not  only  to  renew  the  discussion 
upon  that  general  subject,  but  to  furnish  a 
categorical  reply  to  Judge  Story's  criticisms 
upon  the  constitutional  views  advanced  by  the 
elder  St.  George  Tucker  as  the  editor  of  Black- 
stone.  Thus  a  portion  of  this  work  wears  the 
aspect  of  a  family  controversy.  Professor 
Tucker's  style,  while  often  controversial,  is 

*  THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  :  A  Critical 
Discussion  of  its  Genesis.  Development,  and  Interpretation. 
By  John  Randolph  Tucker,  LL.D.  Edited  by  Henry  St. 
George  Tucker.  In  two  volumes.  Chicago :  Callaghan  &  Co. 


234 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


always  so  calm  and  dignified  as  to  appeal 
strongly  to  the  sober  thought  of  his  readers. 
He  bestows  his  most  elaborate  exposition  and 
argumentation  upon  these  questions  as  to  the 
"  Genesis "  of  the  Constitution ;  and  to  this 
branch  of  inquiry,  as  distinguished  from  the 
Development  and  the  Interpretation  of  that 
instrument,  he  appropriates  more  than  one- third 
of  his  entire  space. 

Professor  Pomeroy,  in  his  "  Introduction  to 
American  Constitutional  Law,"  enumerates 
three  schools  of  thought  concerning  the  genesis 
of  the  United  States  Constitution,  namely,  the 
National  school,  the  Secession  school,  and  the 
intermediate  school  which  bases  the  supremacy 
of  the  Federal  government  on  inter-state  com- 
pact. Professor  Tucker  ignores  entirely  the 
Secessionist  theory,  apparently  as  not  entitled 
to  consideration  in  a  legal  treatise,  and  sched- 
ules "  two  leading  schools  of  thought "  on  the 
subject.  The  first  is  the  intermediate  school  of 
Pomeroy's  classification,  which  holds,  as  stated 
by  this  devotee  of  that  school,  that  "the  unit 
of  sovereignty  is  the  State,  which  is  a  Body 
Politic ;  that  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  is  a  compact  between  these  sovereign 
units  and  Bodies-politic,  making  a  Federal 
Union  between  the  States  "  (v.  1,  p.  178). 
The  second  school,  as  he  well  and  tersely  says, 
"  holds  that  the  Union  itself  is  the  unit  of 
sovereignty,  of  which  the  States  are  subordi- 
nate parts,  to  which  certain  powers  belong 
under  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
while  the  main  powers  belong  to  the  National 
Government"  (p.  179). 

Professor  Tucker  has  marshalled  very  clev- 
erly and  forcibly  all  the  arguments  which  can 
be  brought  to  the  support  of  his  theory  that 
"  the  Union  is  a  multiple  of  units."  If  that 
theory  can  be  sustained  by  argument  and  logic, 
it  would  seem  that  he  might  do  it.  His  elabo- 
rate efforts  in  that  behalf,  extending  to  140 
pages,  will  be  interesting  reading  to  all  stu- 
dents of  the  constitution-making  period  in  our 
national  history.  The  fatal  flaw  in  the  logic 
employed  to  support  the  compact  theory  is 
apparent  upon  Professor  Tucker's  pages. 

In  his  introductory  chapters  treating  gen- 
erally of  Sovereignty  and  the  Body-politic,  our 
author  industriously  exposes  the  fallacy  of  the 
Social-Compact  theory  of  the  basis  of  govern- 
ment, and  adopts  the  modern  American  view 
of  the  rightful  sovereignty  of  the  People  as  a 
Body-politic,  distinguished  from  the  govern- 
mental agencies  which  it  employs.  In  this 
Body-politic  is  vested  "  all  rightful  political 


power  over  its  members  for  the  common  good 
of  all "  (p.  2).  It  is  «*  the  source  of  all  au- 
thority ;  the  government  is  the  agent  or  trustee 
it  creates  and  to  which  it  delegates  powers  " 
(p.  351).  This  is  the  constitution-making 
power.  A  constitution  is  "  the  act  by  which 
the  Body-politic  constitutes  the  government 
and  delegates  and  limits  its  powers  "  (p.  60). 
"  The  Body-politic  utters  its  sovereign  will 
through  the  constitution,  which  calls  govern- 
ment into  being,  organizes  its  functions,  defines 
and  limits  its  powers,  and  declares  to  this,  its 
creature,  by  its  creative  fiat,  '  thus  far  shalt 
thou  go  but  no  farther '  "  (p.  68).  And  "  this 
principle,  the  supremacy  of  the  Body-politic  as 
constitution- maker,  and  the  subordination  of 
the  government  as  the  delegated  agent  of 
the  Body-politic,  is  therefore  the  foundation 
of  American  Constitutional  Law  "  (p.  66). 
These  extracts  are  fair  samples  of  the  happy 
manner  in  which  our  commentator  states  propo- 
sitions which  most  of  his  readers  will  recognize 
as  admirably  descriptive  of  that  Body-politic, 
the  People  of  the  United  States,  which,  by  its 
creative  fiat,  established  the  dual  system  of 
Federal  and  State  governments  under  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States.  The  larger  part 
of  his  first  three  chapters  might  be  incorporated 
bodily  into  a  treatise  like  Story's  Commenta- 
ries, in  support  of  the  National  view  of  our 
Constitution  from  which  Professor  Tucker  so 
earnestly  dissents. 

Of  the  supremacy  of  the  government  created 
by  that  Constitution,  our  author  entertains  no 
doubt.  It  is  "  supreme,  within  the  limits  of 
the  delegated  powers,  over  all  the  constitutions 
and  laws  of  the  several  States,  and  binding  and 
operating  upon  the  citizens  of  all  the  States, 
and  by  its  terms,  certain  rights  and  privileges 
of  the  citizens  of  each  are  intercommunicated 
to  those  of  every  other  "  (p.  256).  And  **  this 
supremacy  is  to  be  maintained  through  the 
judicial  department  of  the  States  and  of  the 
United  States,  because  it  is  declared  that  the 
judges  in  every  State  shall  be  bound  thereby, 
that  is,  in  their  judicial  action  they  must  recog- 
nize the  supremacy  of  the  constitution " 
(p.  376). 

From  these  premises,  the  logic  is  not  obvious 
by  which  Professor  Tucker  reaches  his  conclu- 
sion that  the  United  States  is  a  "  multiple  of 
units "  (p.  179)  ;  **  a  confederacy  by  State 
peoples  "  (p.  287)  ;  "  the  multiple  of  Bodies- 
politic  "  (p.  802)  ;  and  "  a  confederation  of 
States,  but  not  a  new  composite,  or  one  new 
civil  Body-politic"  (p.  818);  and  that  the 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


235 


Constitution  is  "  a  federal  compact  between 
Bodies-politic"  (p.  256). 

What  authority  could  erect,  by  means  of 
the  United  States  Constitution,  a  frame  of 
government  which  should  be  supreme  over  all 
the  constitutions  and  laws  of  the  several  States, 
short  of  a  Body-politic,  answering  Professor 
Tucker's  requirements,  and  composed  of  the 
People  of  the  United  States  ?  In  what  smaller 
or  more  limited  Body-politic  would  it  be  pos- 
sible for  us  to  see  vested  "  all  rightful  political 
power  over  its  members  for  the  common  good 
of  all  "  the  people  of  the  entire  United  States  ? 
The  Constitution  speaks  in  the  language  of 
self-conscious  Sovereignty ;  why  shall  we  deny 
that  in  so  speaking,  "  the  Body-politic  utters 
its  sovereign  will  "  ?  By  what  process  could 
the  thirteen  States  create  a  new  State,  or  a  new 
governmental  agency,  greater,  for  any  purposes, 
or  to  any  extent,  than  themselves  ?  By  what 
process  could  they  authorize  the  creation  of  a 
fourteenth  State,  or  any  other  additional  num- 
ber of  States,  conferring  upon  those  creatures 
equal  power,  dignity,  and  sovereignty  with 
themselves?  How  can  we  attribute  to  the 
United  States  of  America  a  sovereignty  supe- 
rior to  that  of  any  or  all  of  the  States,  which 
was  created  by  the  act  of  those  States  ?  This 
is  impossible,  as  a  result  of  inter-state  compact, 
because  it  involves  the  idea  of  a  granting  or 
transferring  of  sovereignty ;  and  Professor 
Tucker  well  says  that  "  Sovereignty,  as  essence, 
is  one,  indivisible,  ungrantable,  undistributa- 
ble,  and  always  reserved"  (p.  60).  Then  no 
one  of  the  thirteen  Bodies-politic  of  1789,  if  it 
had  so  desired,  could  possibly  have  granted  or 
transferred  to  any  new  power  or  State  any 
portion  of  its  inherent  sovereignty.  If,  then, 
there  were  thirteen  distinct  peoples  in  1789, 
which  desired  to  accomplish  "  a  more  perfect 
Union  "  than  a  League,  there  was  no  process 
which  they  could  employ,  save  for  each  several 
people  to  relinquish  all  its  sovereignty,  and  join 
all  the  others  in  forming  a  new  Body-politic, 
the  "  People  of  the  United  States."  This  is 
the  only  logical  theory  deducible  from  Professor 
Tucker's  premises.  It  was  this  Body-politic 
which  "  uttered  its  sovereign  will  through  the 
Constitution,  called  government  into  being, 
organized  its  functions,  defined  and  limited  its 
powers,"  and  declared  to  each  of  its  creatures, 
Federal  and  State,  "  thus  far  shalt  thou  go,  but 
no  farther."  On  the  logic  which  leads  to  this 
conclusion,  the  human  mind  can  rest ;  and  in 
these  principles,  "  the  supremacy  of  the  Body- 
politic  as  constitution-maker,  and  the  subordi- 


nation of  the  created  governments  (Federal 
and  State)  as  the  delegated  agents  of  the  Body- 
politic,"  can  be  seen  "  the  foundations  of 
American  Constitutional  Law."  Doubtless 
these  considerations,  though  not  expressed  by 
him,  were  in  the  mind  of  Chief  Justice  Marshall, 
when  he  said,  in  1823,  in  the  case  of  United 
States  v.  Maurice : 

"  The  United  States  is  a  government,  and  conse- 
quently a  Body-politic  and  corporate,  capable  of  attain- 
ing the  objects  for  which  it  was  created  by  the  means 
which  are  necessary  for  their  attainment.  This  great 
corporation  was  ordained  and  established  by  the  Amer- 
ican people." 

The  basis  upon  which  Professor  Tucker  rests 
his  support  of  his  compact  theory  is  stated  cat- 
egorically by  himself.  "  The  written  constitu- 
tion of  1789  must  be  what  those  who  brought 
it  into  being  and  gave  it  the  sanction  of  their 
ratification  believed  and  knew  it  to  be,  and 
cannot  be  changed  by  what  men  a  century  there- 
after choose  to  think  it  ought  to  have  been  " 
(p.  180).  But,  suppose  the  men  "  who  brought 
it  into  being  and  gave  it  the  sanction  of  their 
ratification  "  did  not  agree  as  to  just  what  the 
Constitution  was  ?  Professor  Tucker  accepts 
the  verbal  explanation  of  a  portion  of  those 
men,  and  rejects  the  view  of  others.  If  there 
were  men  who  then  sincerely  believed  the  Con- 
stitution was  merely  creating  another  league, 
there  were  others,  equally  sincere,  whose  ver- 
bal explanations  of  its  dominant  national  fea- 
tures are  convincing  even  now  to  "  men  a  cen- 
tury thereafter."  Our  commentator  pays  no 
regard  to  the  contemporary  views,  as  to  the 
nationality  embodied  in  the  Constitution,  of 
Wilson  and  Morris  and  Findlay  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  King  and  Gerry  of  Massachusetts, 
nor  to  the  opposition  raised  on  this  ground  by 
Smith  of  New  York  and  Martin  of  Maryland. 
He  does  cite  the  view  of  Patrick  Henry,  that 
the  result  was  "  a  consolidated  National  gov- 
ernment of  the  people  of  all  the  States,"  only 
to  report  the  contrary  ideas  of  several  who,  in 
replying  to  Henry,  seem  to  have  had  an  under- 
standing of  what  our  dual  system  in  fact  is. 
Among  these  is  Madison,  whose  view  our  author 
does  not  seem  to  succeed  in  apprehending,  for 
he  quotes  from  that  statesman  the  argument  in 
the  "  Federalist"  (No.  39),  that  the  new  Consti- 
tution would  be  in  certain  respects  federal  and 
not  national,  without  giving  the  connoted  view 
that  in  other  respects  it  would  be  national  and 
not  federal,  nor  the  conclusion  there  reached 
that  the  new  government  would  combine  both 
these  features  and  be  of  a  mixed  character.  It 
must  be  a  similar  misapprehension  which  seeks 


236 


THE   DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


to  draw  comfort  for  the  State-compact  theory, 
from  the  writings  of  Hamilton,  who  said  in  the 
'•Federalist,"  that  "&  Nation  without  a  National 
Government  is  an  awful  spectacle  "  (No.  85)  ; 
and  that  "  the  streams  of  national  power  ought 
to  flow  immediately  from  that  pure  original 
fountain  of  all  legitimate  authority,"  the  peo- 
ple (No.  22).  This  is  a  fair  expression  of  one 
phase  of  a  Body-politic,  such  as  Professor 
Tucker  describes,  but  composed  of  the  entire 
people  of  the  United  States.  Both  Hamilton 
and  Madison  seemed  to  clearly  understand  that 
a  new  type  of  popular  government  had  been 
created,  a  dual  system,  possessing  both  National 
and  Federal  features.  Jefferson,  too,  as  quoted 
by  our  author,  declared  to  Madison  in  1786  : 
"  With  respect  to  everything  external,  we  be 
one  nation  only,  firmly  hooked  together.  In- 
ternal government  is  what  each  State  should 
keep  to  itself."  In  a  labored  argument,  the 
commentator  seeks  to  show  that  the  phrase, 
"  We,  the  people  of  the  United  States,"  might 
perhaps  have  been  employed  by  the  constitution- 
makers  in  the  sense  of  "  We,  the  people  of  the 
confederated  States  of  New  Hampshire,  etc., 
not  as  one  civil  Body-politic,  but  as  a  league" 
(p.  296).  But  Richard  Henry  Lee,  the  "  Fed- 
eral Farmer,"  gave  the  phrase  its  simple  and 
natural  construction  when  he  said,  in  October, 
1787,  "  It  is  to  be  observed  that  when  the  peo- 
ple shall  adopt  the  proposed  constitution,  it  will 
be  their  last  and  supreme  act;  it  will  be  adopted, 
not  by  the  people  of  New  Hampshire,  Massa- 
chusetts, etc.,  but  by  the  people  of  the  United 
States." 

The  difficulty  with  the  arguments  advanced 
in  support  of  the  State-compact  theory  has 
always  been,  that  they  wrest  terms  from  their 
true  meaning,  and  juggle  with  definitions.  The 
system  of  our  Constitution  under  which  the 
Federal  government  exercises  the  Supremacy, 
within  its  appropriate  sphere,  so  distinctly 
stated  by  Professor  Tucker,  does  not  allow  to 
the  States  the  enjoyment  of  "  sovereignty " 
within  the  usual  meaning  of  that  term.  To 
attempt  to  assign  to  the  States  their  true  posi- 
tion by  any  ordinary  use  of  that  term,  is  nec- 
essarily misleading.  So,  as  we  have  seen  above, 
the  idea  of  a  supreme  Body-politic,  such  as 
our  commentator  describes,  can  be  applied  only 
to  the  nation  ;  and  the  attempt  to  place  the 
States  in  the  like  category  can  result  only  in 
confusion  of  thought.  Professor  Tucker  seems 
to  take  umbrage  at  the  presumption  of  Mr. 
von  Hoist,  a  foreigner  born,  in  writing  upon 
our  constitutional  history  and  criticising  our 


statesmen.  But  his  own  pages  furnish  justifi- 
cation of  Mr.  von  Hoist's  complaint  that  Amer- 
ican statesmen  have  "  bonajide,  used  the  same 
word  in  most  opposite  senses,  and  employed 
words  as  synonymous  which  denoted  ideas  abso- 
lutely irreconcilable." 

Bent  on  subjecting  every  circumstance  to  the 
support  of  his  chosen  thesis,  Professor  Tucker 
finds  in  the  declaration  of  the  convention  of 
Virginia,  on  May  15,  1776,  in  favor  "of  a 
total  separation  from  the  crown  and  government 
of  Great  Britain,"  some  evidence  of  individual 
action  as  a  sovereign  State.  But  Virginia  at 
the  same  time  declared  for  united  action  of  the 
colonies  toward  independence,  reserving  to  each 
colony  the  regulation  of  local  and  internal  con- 
cerns ;  and  thus,  like  Maryland,  Virginia  was 
at  the  outset  of  the  movement  for  independence, 
prefiguring  the  dual  system.  Again,  respecting 
the  deed  of  cession  to  Congress  of  the  North- 
western lands,  made  by  Virginia  in  1784,  Pro- 
fessor Tucker  argues  that  Congress  was,  by  its 
acceptance  of  the  deed,  estopped  to  deny  that 
Virginia,  and  not  Congress,  had  theretofore 
"  exclusive  right  of  soil  and  jurisdiction  to  the 
territory  thus  ceded  ";  not  considering  the  fact 
that,  in  yielding  as  she  did,  after  a  hot  discus- 
sion for  several  years,  to  the  claim  of  the 
smaller  States  that  only  the  whole  nation  had 
a  valid  title  in  law  to  that  "  right  of  soil  and 
jurisdiction,"  and  thereupon  joining  in  the 
national  legislation  for  the  government  of  that 
territory  on  a  national  basis,  Virginia  acqui- 
esced in  the  national  theory  and  became  in 
honor  estopped  to  deny  it  thereafter. 

The  correct  method  of  formulating  a  satis- 
factory theory  of  the  genesis  of  our  Constitu- 
tion will  not  permit  a  reliance  upon  contempo- 
raneous declarations  on  either  side  of  the 
disputed  question.  The  results  accomplished 
in  fact  must  be  allowed  their  proper  weight, 
and  often  these  will  outweigh  contemporary 
theories.  So  it  is  true  that  the  lapse  of  years, 
furnishing  a  historical  perspective,  should  en- 
able "  men  a  century  thereafter "  to  better 
understand  the  constitutional  process  and  its 
results.  Professor  Tucker  demurs  to  this 
method  of  determining  whether  the  Federal 
Constitution  was  an  inter-State  compactor  an 
authoritative  law.  But  he  has  employed  the 
same  process,  with  signal  success,  in  his  dis- 
cussion of  abstract  Sovereignty  and  the  abstract 
Body-politic.  On  these  subjects  he  reasons 
a  priori,  and  in  disregard  of  contemporary 
theory.  The  Bodies-politic  he  discovers  in  the 
original  thirteen  States  took  form  at  the  in- 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


237 


stance  of  men,  many  of  whom  firmly  believed 
in  the  Social-Compact  theory  of  government, 
and  helped  to  embody  that  theory  in  laws  and 
constitutions  and  judicial  decisions.  And  here 
comes  Professor  Tucker,  "  a  century  there- 
after," and  says  of  it :  "  This  theory  is  fiction, 
and  as  an  hypothesis  is  unsound,  and  must  lead 
to  error  "  (p.  3).  So  he  employs  more  modern 
canons  of  study,  and  tests  the  processes  of  the 
formation  of  governments,  in  part  by  principles 
now  considered  as  established,  and  in  part  by 
the  results  attained.  A  like  independence  of 
original  investigation,  employing  the  same  a 
priori  processes  of  reasoning,  leads  us  to  reject 
on  similar  grounds  the  inter-state-compact  the- 
ory of  the  Constitution,  and  to  attribute  its 
creation  to  the  People  of  the  United  States  as 
a  Body-politic. 

Outside  of  the  controversial  portions  of  his 
treatise,  in  respect  to  which  he  seems  to  hold 
a  brief,  Professor  Tucker's  commentaries  on 
the  Constitution  are  judicious  and  well-consid- 
ered. He  seems  to  favor,  with  Chief  Justice 
Marshall,  and  as  lawyers  usually  do,  a  fair  and 
reasonable  construction  of  that  great  instru- 
ment, rather  than  either  extreme  of  a  strict 
construction  which  would  fetter  its  necessary 
operations,  or  a  broad  and  latitudinarian  con- 
struction which  would  render  its  limitations 
meaningless.  JAMES  OgCAR  pIERCE. 


BRITAIN  AND  THE  BOERS.* 

Those  fond  of  historical  parallels  can  trace 
an  interesting  one  in  the  conduct  of  the  United 
States  toward  Spain  in  April,  1898,  and  the 
conduct  of  Great  Britain  toward  the  Transvaal 
Republic  in  September,  1899.  As  America 
was  then,  so  is  England  now,  busy  calling  the 
world's  attention  to  the  enormities  of  the  gov- 
ernment she  intends  to  overwhelm,  to  the 
wrongs  she  and  her  subjects  suffer  by  reason 
of  her  opponent's  misdoings,  to  the  gain  to 
civilization  involved  in  her  success,  and  to  the 
divine  mission  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race,  all 
as  justification  for  an  appeal  to  arms.  That 
the  world  remains  unconvinced  of  the  good 
intentions  of  the  aggressor  in  both  cases,  is 
certain. 

The  Boer,  too,  like  the  Spaniard  aforetime, 

*  SKETCHES  AND  STUDIES  IN  SOUTH  AFBICA.  By  the  Rev. 
W.  J.  Knox  Little,  M.A.  Philadelphia:  J.  B.  Lippincott 
Company. 

THE  SOUTH  AFRICAN  QUESTION.  By  an  English  South 
African  (Olive  Schreiner).  Chicago:  Charles  H.  Sergei 
Company. 


is  making  disregarded  protestations,  vainly 
peeking  to  turn  the  sympathy  of  some  friend  in 
Europe  to  real  intervention,  offering  conces- 
sions which  lead  only  to  an  increase  of  demands, 
urging  an  arbitration  which  is  treated  with 
contemptuous  silence,  and,  finally,  arming  for 
a  hopeless  conflict  —  a  conflict  in  which  over- 
throw is  certain,  spoliation  assured,  and  a  final 
insult  added  to  injury  in  the  statement  that  it 
is  all  for  the  sake  of  "  Humanity  "  —  a  word 
which  the  United  States  has  already  placed 
on  that  bad  eminence  to  which  Mme.  Roland 
raised  "  Liberty." 

The  analogy  will  go  further :  Dr.  Jameson 
was  a  filibuster,  if  ever  there  was  one  in  Africa ; 
Majuba  Hill,  like  the  destruction  of  the 
"Maine,"  gives  the  British  government  the 
lever  of  revenge  which  serves  so  well  in  prying 
up  the  sympathy  of  the  populace  with  aggres- 
sion ;  Gladstone's  high-minded  regard  for 
treaty  obligations,  like  Cleveland's,  becomes 
the  subject  of  popular  abuse ;  there  are  stones 
for  those  who  counsel  moderation,  loud  cheers 
for  those  who  wish  to  fight,  multitudinous  dem- 
onstrations, turgid  and  self-righteous  leaders, 
inflammatory  news  columns,  and,  at  the  end, 
deaths  from  bullets,  deaths  from  disease,  all  the 
wholesale  shedding  of  man's  blood  and  woman's 
tears  we  call  war ;  and  then  the  home-coming 
of  successful  officers  to  such  glory  as  might 
have  befallen  Goliath  had  he  slain  the  child 
David.  So  accurately  is  history  repeating 
itself,  that  it  is  small  wonder  to  find  the  war 
organs  in  America  justifying  Salisbury  and 
Chamberlain,  or  else  roaring  as  gently  as  once 
roared  Snug  the  Joiner.  Most  of  all  is  it  en- 
couraging to  the  Anglo-Saxon  alliance  to  find 
—  as  the  English  found  a  year  ago  —  that  our 
cousins  across  the  sea  are  not  a  bit  better  than 
ourselves. 

All  those  arguments  which  led  us  to  justify 
the  statement  of  Wendell  Phillips,  that  a  Yan- 
kee's idea  of  hell  is  a  place  where  he  has  to 
mind  his  own  business,  are  set  forth  in  detail,  as 
if  in  proof  of  our  kinship,  in  the  work  on  South 
Africa  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Knox  Little,  written 
in  the  good  British  fashion  after  a  brief  sojourn 
in  South  Africa.  Mrs.  Olive  Schreiner,  in  her 
statement  of  the  question,  makes  a  woman's 
appeal  to  sentiment,  and  directs  her  appeal  to 
England  sober,  just  as  the  American  constitu- 
tionalist is  appealing  to  America  before  she 
drank  the  toxic  draught  of  imperialism ;  though 
neither  can  be  said  to  present  arguments  that 
avail  much  when  blood  is  in  the  eye  and  re- 
venge in  the  heart.  It  is  perhaps  too  much 


238 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


to  ask  that  Mrs.  Schreiuer  should  prove  the 
aggrieved  party  in  the  right.  Rather  does  it 
rest  with  the  Rev.  Mr.  Knox  Little  to  convince 
us  that  the  aggressor  is  unselfish,  the  more  so 
that  he  holds  a  brief  for  his  nation. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Knox  Little's  "  Sketches  and 
Studies"  show  us  a  writer  with  the  candor  of 
a  churchman  and  the  special  pleading  of  a 
conservative  politician.  His  admissions  of 
England's  series  of  prodigious  misgovernments 
in  South  Africa  are  followed  by  professions  of 
her  eminent  fitness  to  rule.  His  estimate  of 
Mr.  Rhodes  as  an  administrator — based  ap- 
parently upon  no  fact  more  remote  than  his 
enjoyment  of  that  worthy's  profuse  hospitality 
— is  the  complement  of  his  statement  that 
Gladstone  was  President  Krueger's  dupe. 
The  Boer,  he  tells  us  through  his  book,  is  un- 
cleanly in  his  person,  unkind  to  the  negro, 
indisposed  to  labor,  unwilling  to  pay  taxes, 
averse  to  learning  English,  impatient  of  mi- 
nute control,  calvinistic  in  religion,  prone  to 
set  faith  before  works,  a  driver  of  hard  bar- 
gains, cunning  in  negotiation,  and  a  number 
of  other  things  which  Mr.  Knox  Little  is  not, 
— all  of  them  perhaps  not  desirable,  but  hardly 
affording  a  valid  reason  for  depriving  him  of 
his  hardly  won  liberties.  Some  of  the  author's 
statements  deserve  quotation : 

"  Krueger  is  not,  perhaps,  a  statesman  in  the  ordi- 
nary sense  of  the  word,  much  less  a  very  great  man  in 
any  sense  ;  but  he  is  a  representative  Boer  in  the  sense 
that  he  thoroughly  understands  the  people  over  whom 
he  now  rules.  The  Transvaal  Boer,  speaking  broadly, 
is  extremely  ignorant,  extremely  prejudiced,  profoundly 
fanatical,  hates  government  cordially,  and  consequently 
[.«i'c]  dislikes  the  law-abiding  Englishman.  The  love 
of  money,  the  love  of  being  '  a  law  unto  himself,'  scorn 
of  refinement  or  culture,  are  to  him  second  nature.  All 
this  Mr.  Krueger  seems  clearly  to  understand.  He  has 
himself,  however,  in  an  eminent  degree,  two  powerful 
characteristics — dogged  determination  and  extraordi- 
nary acuteness." 

This  might  be  taken,  for  all  its  naivete,  as 
showing  the  Boer  more  British  than  the  Briton ; 
but  it  is  certainly  a  high  tribute  to  President 
Krueger,  the  higher  for  its  being  so  manifestly 
begrudged.  Here  is  another  argument : 

"There  was  a  ridiculous  fallacy  allowed  .  .  .  and 
pleaded  since  to  do  duty  for  truth.  That  was  the  doc- 
trine that  the  Transvaal  was  '  the*  Boer's  country,'  or, 
as  Mr.  Krueger — a  British  subject  born  in  the  colony — 
described  it  with  astute  effrontery,  his  'fatherland.' 
The  'right'  to  a  new  country  must  rest  (1)  upon  an 
arrangement  with  those  previously  in  possession  ;  or 
( 'J )  on  might,  the  might  of  conquest  and  the  might  to 
hold  it ;  and  (3)  joined  with  one  another  of  these,  the 
right  of  just  and  good  administration.  By  (1)  the 
English  hold  the  Cape  and  some  other  possessions,  by 
(2)  and  (3)  some  other  territories  in  South  Africa. 


The  Boers  held  the  Transvaal  —  in  so  far  as  they  did 
hold  it  —  by  the  right  of  <  might,'  by  defeating  some  of 
its  previous  possessors." 

Elsewhere  in  the  book  it  is  set  forth  in 
detail  that  the  English  acquired  their  title  to 
the  Dutch  in  South  Africa  from  Holland  in 
the  manner  in  which  we  acquired  our  title  to 
the  Filipinos  from  Spain  —  by  the  payment, 
in  their  case,  of  £6,000,000  ;  that  a  large 
party  among  the  Boers  made  earnest  protest 
against  British  occupation  ;  that  the  British 
entered  upon  a  series  of  ill-advised  and  oppres- 
sive measures  which  fully  justified  the  Grand 
Trek,  i.  e.,  the  wholesale  shaking  off  of  the 
British  yoke  by  an  emigration  into  the  savage 
desert  and  the  establishment  there  of  an  inde- 
pendent government  in  spite  of  almost  over- 
whelming difficulties.  It  is  certain  also  that 
Holland  stole  the  land  from  Portugal,  which 
had  stolen  it  from  the  Negro  ;  and  that  no  title 
can  justify  conquest.  It  will  be  noted  that  a 
parity  of  reasoning  would  send  British  armies 
into  Turkey,  into  China,  into  South  America, 
Hayti  and  Central  America,  into  France  to 
regulate  the  Dreyfus  case,  and  so  on,  to  absur- 
dity ;  while  any  nation  would  be  justified  in 
seizing  Ireland,  since  the  British  could  not 
then  urge  "  (2),"  certainly  could  not  plead  a 
better  title  than  "  (1),"  and  would  hardly  ven- 
ture to  put  forth  "  (3)  "  in  any  event.  Noth- 
ing can*  be  more  convincing  of  the  lack  of 
good  faith  of  the  British  than  this  sort  of 
argument. 

For  the  rest,  it  may  be  said  that  statements 
of  maladministration  and  corruption  brought 
by  Mr.  Knox  Little  against  the  Transvaal  gov- 
ernment and  the  individuals  composing  it, 
however  often  repeated,  must  fail  with  his  fail- 
ure to  recite  details  or  any  proofs  whatever, 
since  his  handling  of  the  book  as  a  whole  shows 
that  he  is  sparing  nothing  to  bring  them  into 
contempt.  Let  his  attitude  in  this  respect  be 
contrasted  with  that  of  Mrs.  Schreiner.  He 
says: 

'•  It  may  be  hoped  that  the  nation  whose  proudest 
characteristic  has  hitherto  been  its  love  for  liberty  may 
yet  recover  its  self-respect  by  withstanding  injustice 
and  wrongdoing  with  manly  energy.  Nothing  can  be 
really  done  to  bring  peace  and  prosperity  to  South 
Africa  until  Great  Britain  wakens  to  her  duties  and 
wipes  out  that  corrupt  Oligarchy,  and  transforms  it  into 
a  real  and  free  Republic  or,  still  better,  into  a  self- 
governing  colony.  Where  there  is  freedom,  there  there 
will  be  a  chance  of  fair  dealing  between  man  and 
man." 

Mrs.  Schreiner  says : 

"  We  look  further  yet  with  confidence,  from  the  indi- 
vidual to  the  great  heart  of  England,  the  people.  The 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


239 


great  fierce  freedom-loving  heart  of  England  is  not  dead 
yet.  Under  a  thin  veneer  of  gold  we  still  hear  it  beat. 
Behind  the  shrivelled  and  puny  English  H}  de  who  cries 
only  « gold,'  rises  the  great  English  Jekyll  who  cries 
louder  yet  '  Justice  and  Honor.'  We  appeal  to  him; 
history  shall  not  repeat  itself.  Nearer  home,  we  turn 
to  one  whom  all  South  Africans  are  proud  of,  and 
we  would  say  to  Paul  Krueger,  « Great  old  man,  first 
but  not  last  of  South  Africa's  great  line  of  rulers, 
you  have  shown  us  you  could  fight  for  freedom;  show 
us  you  can  win  peace.  On  the  foot  of  that  great 
statue  which  in  the  future  the  men  and  women  of 
South  Africa  will  raise  to  you  let  this  stand  written: 
"This  man  loved  freedom,  and  fought  for  it;  but  his 
heart  was  large  ;  he  could  forget  injuries  and  deal 
generously." ' 

It  may  be  said,  in  conclusion,  that  stock- 
jobbing interests  have  from  the  beginning 
been  the  controlling  cause  in  the  dispute  be- 
tween Chamberlain  and  Krueger.  The  five- 
year-residence  franchise  which  Englishmen 
notoriously  decline  in  the  United  States,  they 
seek  in  Africa,  for  no  better  reason,  as  Mr. 
Knox  Little  admits,  than  that  mining  interests 
are  taxed  more  heavily  by  the  Boers  than  they 
would  be  with  the  admission  of  the  Uitlanders 
to  citizenship.  But  he  does  not  say  that  the 
cause  which  operates  against  the  acceptance  of 
the  franchise  in  the  American  Republic  —  the 
forswearing  of  allegiance  to  the  Queen  —  is 
not  an  element  in  the  British  contention  with 
the  Transvaal.  The  Boers,  unless  some  one 
intervenes,  are  on  the  horns  of  a  dilemma :  If 
they  grant  their  franchise  to  Englishmen  who 
hold  allegiance  to  the  mother-country,  that 
heritage  of  freedom  they  carved  out  of  arid 
sands  and  savage  hearts  ceases  to  be  theirs  ;  if 
they  fail  in  this,  still  is  that  freedom  sacrificed 
to  advancing  British  bayonets. 

WALLACE  RICE. 


M.  A.  DsWoLFE  HOWE  has  edited  a  series  of  short 
essays,  under  the  general  title  of  the  "  Beacon  Biog- 
raphies "  (Small,  Maynard  &  Co.).  The  aim  of  the 
series  is  to  bring  within  a  short  compass  an  account  of 
the  lives  of  prominent  Americans.  Thus  far  the  fol- 
lowing volumes  have  appeared:  "Daniel  Webster," by 
Mr.  Norman  Hapgood;  "  Phillipps  Brooks,"  by  the  ed- 
itor; "Robert  E.  Lee,"  by  Professor  W.  P.  Trent; 
"David  Farragut,"  by  James  Barnes;  "J.  R.  Lowell," 
by  Professor  E.  E.  Hale,  Jr.  These  little  books  are 
uniformly  well  done,  and  in  the  cases  of  Brooks  and 
Lowell  are  exceptionally  well  done.  In  one  or  two 
instances  the  general  unity  of  impression  is  lost  by  an 
attempt  at  giving  too  many  details,  but  each  volume  is 
very  readable,  and  as  a  whole  the  series  will  prove  val- 
uable to  the  reader,  even  if  at  times  the  author  seems 
to  adopt  the  point  of  view  of  the  apologist  rather  than 
that  of  the  biographer.  This  is  perhaps  most  evident 
in  the  volume  upon  Lee,  and  least  so  in  that  upon 
Webster. 


RECENT  BOOKS  OF  POETRY.* 


There  is  no  decline  from  the  earlier  volumes  of 
verse  by  Mr.  F.  B.  Money-Coutts  in  "  The  Alham- 
bra,  and  Other  Poems,"  just  now  published.  The 
anthor  is  one  to  reckon  with,  for  he  has  technical 
mastery  and  his  own  distinctive  form  of  utterance. 
There  is  poetical  satisfaction  to  be  got  from  every 
page  of  these  firmly-knit  and  harmonious  measures. 
Since  it  is  sometimes  well  for  a  nation  to  see  itself 
as  it  is  viewed  by  others,  we  select  for  our  illus- 
tration the  fine  sonnet  on  President  Cleveland's 
Venezuelan  message. 

"Yes I  it  was  well,  and  passing  well,  that  we  — 
To  do  their  pleasure  —  for  so  small  a  thing, 
Refused  to  set  wild  war  upon  the  wing, 
Or  to  defile  that  unensangnined  sea, 
That  flows  between  our  Countries  of  the  Free, 
With  freight  of  fratricide !     We  let  them  ring 
Alarum;  kept  us  crimeless,  and  shall  bring 
White  record  to  the  days  that  are  to  be  I 

"The  time  will  come  when  they  will  look  with  shame 
On  that  time-serving  message  of  their  Chief ; 

His  use  ignoble  of  their  noble  name 
For  paltry  purpose,  must  be  charged  with  grief 
For  the  harvest  of  their  Age,  when  every  sheaf 

Is  garnered  of  their  folly  and  their  fame." 

There  are  equally  vigorous  lines  dedicated  to  the 
rejection  of  the  Arbitration  Treaty  by  our  Senate, 
and  to  our  declaration  of  war  against  Spain.  It  is 
a  friend,  not  a  foe,  who  says  these  things,  which 
should  make  them  the  more  bitter. 


*THB  ALHAMBRA,  and  Other  Poems.  By  F.  B.  Money- 
Coutts.  New  York :  John  Lane. 

POEMS.  By  Ernest  Hartley  Coleridge.  New  York :  John 
Lane. 

POEMS  AND  SONGS.  By  W.  E.  Brocklebank.  London: 
T.  Fisher  Unwin. 

SHADOWS,  and  Other  Poems.  By  E.  Samuels.  New  York  : 
Longmans,  Green,  &  Co. 

THE  SILENCE  OF  LOVE.  By  Edmond  Holmes.  New  York : 
John  Lane. 

POEMS.  By  Eva  Gore-Booth.  New  York:  Longmans, 
Green,  &  Co. 

MY  LADY'S  SLIPPER,  and  Other  Verses.  By  Dora  Sigerson 
(Mrs.  Clement  Shorter).  New  York :  Dodd,  Mead  &Co, 

FUGITIVES.    By  Winifred  Lucas.    New  York :   John  Lane. 

SEA  DRIFT.  Poems  by  Grace  Ellery  Channing.  Boston : 
Small,  Maynard  &  Co. 

AN  ODE  TO  GIRLHOOD,  and  Other  Poems.  By  Alice 
Archer  Sewell.  New  York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

WITHIN  THE  HEDGE.  By  Martha  Gilbert  Dickinson. 
New  York :  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co. 

THE  MAN  WITH  THE  HOE,  and  Other  Poems.  By  Edwin 
Markham.  New  York  :  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co. 

FOR  THE  KING,  and  Other  Poems.  By  Robert  Cameron 
Rogers.  New  York :  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

AN  EPIC  OF  THE  SOUL.    New  York :   Thomas  Whittaker. 

MYTH  AND  ROMANCE.  Being  a  Book  of  Verses.  By  Madi- 
son Cawein.  New  York :  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

THE  HOUSE  OF  DREAMS,  and  Other  Poems.  By  William 
Griffith.  Kansas  City :  The  Hudson- Kimberly  Publishing  Co^ 

HERMIONE,  and  Other  Poems.  By  Edward  Rowland  Sill. 
Boston :  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

POEMS  OF  HENRY  TIMROD.  With  Memoir  and  Portrait. 
Boston :  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 


•24  0 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


Mr.  Ernest  Hartley  Coleridge,  inscribing  to  his 
father  a  copy  of  verses,  observes : 

"  Mine  ia  a  pale  and  imitative  age. 

No  purple  rube  for  me  — 
Thy  name,  and  this  poor  Terse  my  heritage. 
Which  here  I  dedicate  to  thee." 

The  modesty  of  the  confession  is  becoming,  for  there 
is  nothing  in  this  Mr.  Coleridge's  volume  of  "  Poems" 
to  suggest  the  royal  lineage  of  the  writer.  Pious 
musings  in  reasonably  smooth  rhythm,  and  faint 
echoes  from  the  song  of  departed  masters,  are  all 
that  is  vouchsafed  us. 

"  Art  i  hou  not  wounded  ?  wilt  not  stay  ? 

Let  u-i  lie  down  and  die. 
The  fight  ;8  over  for  to-day. 

Why  toil  in  vain,  friend,  why? 
We  (.hull  not  win  to-day,  nor  yet  to-night; 

Shall  never  win,  bat  we  can  always  fight !" 

This  composite  of  the  thought  of  Miss  Rossetti, 
dough,  and  Mr.  Swinburne,  is  a  characteristic  ex- 
ample of  our  author's  work. 

Mr.  W.  E.  Brocklebank  is  a  poet  of  gloom  and 
melancholy.  He  looks  at  life  only  to  behold  the 
shadow  of  death  cast  upon  it,  and  his  lightest  mus- 
ings have  a  funereal  tinge.  Even  love  dawns  upon 
the  trusting  soul  but  to  its  undoing,  as  we  learn  from 
•"  The  Difference." 

"  Were  you  the  moon  and  I  the  sea, 

Then  love  were  well ;  your  kiss  wonld  fall 
In  night's  sweet  silent  hours  on  me 
And  my  heart's  tides  obey  your  call. 

"  Were  yon  the  player,  I  the  lute, 

Then  love  were  well ;  yonr  hand  wonld  wake 
The  chords  that  all  the  world  leave  mute. 
Ah,  sweet  music  we  should  make  ! 

"  Were  you  the  sea  and  I  the  stream. 

Then  love  were  well ;  to  your  deep  breast 
My  whole  tired  life  would  come  and  dream. 
Made  one  with  you  in  utter  rest. 

"  But  yon  are  woman,  I  am  man. 

And  therefore  love  is  not  all  well ; 
"I'M  like  all  love  since  Life  began  — 
Heaven's  bark  upon  the  sea  of  hell." 

These  numbers  are  at  least  melodious,  and  melody 
is  an  almost  unfailing  attribute  of  Mr.  Brock  le- 
bank's  verse.  He  almost  makes  sorrow  seem  beau- 
tiful, and  the  peace  of  death  a  boon  to  be  desired. 
And  in  such  a  poem  as  the  dramatic  fragment, 
"  Bellerophon  in  Argos,''  his  blank  verse  attains  a 
dignity  of  diction  that  is  well-nigh  Swinburnian  in 
its  movement. 

The  ••  Shadows,  and  Other  Poems,"  of  Mr.  E. 
Samuels  are  but  five  in  number,  and  make  up  one 
of  the  thinnest  of  volumes.  They  reflect  the  moods 
of  a  man  who  has  imagined  happiness  but  never 
realized  it,  and  the  cast  of  deep  melancholy  is  over 
them  all.  Such  lines  as  these  give  a  truthful  ex- 
pression of  the  chastened  pathos  of  renunciation : 

"  What  is  this  little  parting  of  our  lives 
But  the  short  passing  of  a  winter  day  ? 
And  we  should  only  mar  the  perfect  bliss 
Of  coming  summer  time,  if  memory 
With  aught  might  charge  us  we  could  wish  undone. 
Yet  is  my  life  not  wholly  void  of  thee  : 
Across  the  bleakness  of  this  winter  day 


At  even  steals  the  sweetness  of  a  dream, 
And  there  I  see  thy  face  and  hear  thy  voice. 
And  roam  together  with  tlu-c,  until  in  mtul, 
Throughout  the  fair  Elysian  fields  of  uleep, 
Not  knowing  that  but  here,  our  waiting  past, 
We  all  in  all  for  evermore  are  one." 

"  The  Silence  of  Love,"  by  Mr.  Edmond  Holmes, 
is  a  charmingly  printed  volume  of  fifty  sonnets  in 
the  Shakespearian  form.  Their  feeling  is  that  of 
the  man  who  conceives  of  love  as  too  beautiful  a 
thing  to  be  realized,  as  better  to  dream  about  than 
to  enjoy  in  full  fruition.  It  is  the  feeling,  in  .-hurt, 
that  Dr.  Ibsen  has  expressed  so  forcibly  in  "  Love's 
Comedy."  One  of  the  sonnets  may  be  quoted: 

"Sometimes  in  dreams  I  clasp  thy  breast  to  mine. 
And  kiss  thy  lips  and  with  thy  tresses  play, 
And  through  the  floodgates  of  some  outward  sign 
Pour  all  the  passion  of  my  heart  away. 
Sometimes  in  dreams  I  tell  my  secret  so ; 
Then  wake  to  find  that  it  is  still  untold.— 
That  still  the  surging,  storm-fed  waters  flow. 
By  Pate's  relentless  ramparts  still  controlled. 
Oh,  better  thus, —  better  that  passion's  force. 
Which  love's  impatient  raptures  had  set  free. 
Pent  in  the  prison  of  its  channelled  course, 
Should  give  the  river  strength  to  reach  the  sea. 
Better,  for  passion's  sake,  that  passion's  dream 
Should  fade  forgotten  with  the  morn's  first  gleam." 

This  is  the  note  of  the  entire  sonnet  series,  and  we 
must  confess  that  it  grows  a  little  monotonous. 
Mr.  Holmes  is  master  of  a  simple  and  even  diction 
which  is  distinctly  poetical  at  all  times,  yet  which 
never  exceeds  the  bounds  of  the  conventional  sort 
of  expression  that  lies  within  the  reach  of  almost 
any  cultivated  mind. 

The  "  Poems "  of  Miss  Eva  Gore- Booth  are 
mostly  brief  pieces,  inclining  to  be  epigrammatic, 
although  now  and  then  striking  a  sustained  note  of 
high  seriounness.  The  writer  scores  rather  neatly 
off  "A  Critic"  in  the  following  lines: 

"  His  was  the  voice 

That  —  when  the  morning  stars  together  sang 
In  their  first  rapture  of  awakened  life 
And  Qod's  own  angels  held  their  breath  for  joy. 
Whilst  heaven,  by  that  new  harmony  entranced, 
Was  wrapped  in  awful  silence  —  broke  the  charm. 
Serenely  speaking  in  cold  accents  thus  — 
'  I  know  not,  yet  methinka  'twas  Jupiter 
Went  out  of  tune  and  spoilt  the  whole  effect.'  " 

The  Celtic  glamour  is  about  the  verse  of  Mrs.  Cle- 
ment Shorter,  although  it  does  not  have  the  effect 
of  blurring  the  outlines  of  her  thought  as  completely 
as  with  many  other  writers  of  the  cult  to  which  she 
belongs.  Here  is  a  pretty  tribute  to  Ireland : 
"  Here  he  loosed  from  his  hand 

A  brown  tumult  of  wings, 
Till  the  wind  on  the  sea 
Bore  the  strange  melody 
Of  an  island  that  sings." 

And  here  is  a  charming  lyric : 

"  Little  white  rose  that  I  loved,  I  loved, 

Roigin  ban,  Roitin  ban  / 
Fair  my  bud  as  the  morning's  dawn. 
1  kissed  ray  beautiful  flower  to  bloom, 
My  heart  grew  glad  for  its  rich  perfume  — 
Little  white  rose  that  I  loved. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


241 


"  Little  white  rose  that  I  loved  grew  red, 

Roisin  ruad,  Roisin  ruad ! 
Passionate  tears  I  wept  for  you. 
Love  is  more  sweet  than  the  world's  fame, — 
I  dream  you  back  in  ray  heart  the  same, 
Little  white  rose  that  I  loved  ! 

41  Little  white  rose  that  I  loved  grew  black, 

Roisin  dub,  Roisin  dub  ! 
So  I  knew  not  the  heart  of  you. 
Lost  in  the  world's  alluring  fire, 
I  cry  in  the  night  for  my  heart's  desire, 

Little  white  rose  that  I  loved !" 

Mrs.  Shorter  has  the  instinct  of  balladry,  and  her 
most  important  pieces  are  cast  in  the  narrative  form. 
But  these  we  must  be  content  only  to  mention. 

The  "  Fugitives  "  of  Miss  Winifred  Lucas  are 
the  merest  bits  of  verse,  hardly  any  of  them  exceed- 
ing the  compass  of  ten  or  twelve  short  lines.  "  The 
Dream  "  is  here  reproduced. 

"  Am  I  so  bankrupt  of  delight 

I  turn  upon  the  stars  for  pain  ? 
The  happy  stars  that  dream  all  night 
The  dream  I  must  not  dream  again  ! 

"  Oh  not  until  the  stars  to  use 

The  glory  of  my  dream  forbear, 
Its  robe  of  light  need  I  refuse 
As  earthly,  for  myself  to  wear." 

The  subtlety  of  suggestion  here  illustrated  is  char- 
acteristic of  most  of  these  fugitive  expressions  of 
single  thoughts,  and  makes  the  pages  of  the  slender 
book  fit  to  be  pondered  over. 

Pictures  of  travel,  from  Rome  to  California, 
and  impressions  from  those  wider  than  terrestrial 
reaches  that  the  soul  knows  in  its  trackless  sojourns, 
are  what  we  find  in  the  "  Sea  Drift  "  of  Miss  Grace 
Ellery  Channing.  The  author  would  not  be  true  to 
the  name  that  she  bears  were  her  song  not  informed 
with  the  high  ideals  of  thought  and  feeling  for  which 
New  England  has  ever  stood  amid  the  breaking 
waves  of  a  composite  European  influx,  and  she 
would  be  false  to  the  best  traditions  of  our  race 
were  she  not  to  cherish  the  history  of  the  island 
home  whence  our  ancestors  came.  She  sings : 

"  Who  comes  to  England  not  to  learn 
The  love  for  her  his  fathers  bore, 

Breathing  her  air  can  still  return 
No  kindlier  than  he  was  before  ?  — 
In  vain,  for  him,  from  shore  to  shore 

Those  fathers  strewed  an  alien  strand 
With  the  loved  names  that  evermore 

Are  native  to  our  ear  and  land. 

"  Who  sees  the  English  elm  trees  fling 

Long  shadows  where  his  footsteps  pass, 
Or  marks  the  crocuses  that  Spring 

Sets  starlike  in  the  English  grass, 

And  sees  not,  as  within  a  glass, 
New  England's  loved  reflection  rise, 

Mists  darker  and  more  dense,  alas ! 
Than  England's  fogs  are  in  his  eyes  ?  " 

The  more  abstract  and  spiritual  mood  of  Miss 
Channing's  verse  may  be  illustrated  by  this  extract 
from  the  beautiful  poem,  "  Pity,  0  God." 

41  Pity  thy  dumb  ones,  God !  —  thy  speechless  ones, 
Only  whose  tongues  free  aud  unfettered  are ; 
Whose  lips  the  secret  of  the  morning  star 


Hath  ne'er  unlocked ;  — no  winged  word  of  fire, 

No  fancy  and  no  freedom,  no  desire 

Thrilled  from  the  throat  in  song,  —  stolen  from  the  fingers 

In  subtler  speech  which  burns  and  glows  and  lingers. 

Through  thousand  forms  wherein  divinely  wrought 

Into  divinest  life  divinest  thought 

Stands  fashioned ;  whom  the  Pentecostal  flame 

Hath  never  touched ;  in  whom  nor  joy  nor  shame 

Nor  liberty,  nor  truth's  self  clearest  shown 

Hath  utterance  stirred ; 
Nor  the  Beloved's  heart  upon  their  own 

Wooed  forth  one  whispered  word ; 

Speechless,  whose  tongues  speak  only, —  make  them  whole, 
O  God,  unseal  the  dumb  lips  of  their  soul !  " 

This  satisfying  and  exquisite  volume  of  verse  tempts 
us  to  endless  quotation,  but  the  examples  given  above 
must  suffice.  The  note  is  always  a  pure  one,  and 
not  infrequently  is  enforced  by  harmonies  of  the 
rarer  kind.  The  dominant  spirituality  of  Miss 
Channing's  song  has  just  enough  of  sensuousness  to 
keep  it  in  touch  with  life,  but  not  enough  to  dim  the 
fine  ether  which  is  its  natural  element. 

Mrs.  SewalFs  "  Ode  to  Girlhood  "  is  a  somewhat 
stiff  and  labored  poem,  in  which  imaginative  flashes 
and  prosaic  details  are  quite  curiously  blent.  Here 
is  one  section  of  the  composition: 

44  Wherefore  so  much  beyond  all  need  so  fair  ? 
Ye  very  tender  are, 

And  keep  small  animals  to  watch  and  feed, 
And  would  not  jilt  a  beetle  from  his  weed, 
And  step  around  a  resting  butterfly 
With  careful  courtesy ; 
And  from  your  passion-potent  finger-tips, 
And  long- prepared  comfort  of  your  lips, 
And  shoulders  hollowed  for  the  weary  man 
Since  earth  began, 

Ye  nurse  and  heal  whatever  things  ye  meet, 
Then  who  can  say  ye  need  not  be  so  sweet  ?  " 

The  infelicities  of  word  and  phrase  are  many  in  the 
poem  from  which  this  is  taken,  yet  they  are  in  part 
redeemed  by  touches  of  originality  and  a  quite  un- 
conventional treatment  of  the  whole  theme.  An 
even  more  striking  piece  is  called  "Youth,"  and 
thus  begins : 

"  I  am  the  spirit  that  denies. 
Yes,  and  with  full-regarding  eyes 

Comprehending  the  facts  of  earth's  sorrow  and  shame, 
And  denying  the  truth  of  it  just  the  same ; 
That  takes  man's  face  in  two  palms  soft, 
And  looks  deep  into  its  brow  and  oft, 
Aud  finds  the  good  it  has  longed  to  find, 
And  denies  there  is  anything  hidden  behind." 

In  some  of  Mrs.  Sewall's  briefer  lyrics  there  are 
suggestions,  now  of  the  quaintness  of  Emily  Dickin- 
son, now  of  the  intimate  religious  feeling  of  Christina 
Rossetti.  Such  a  poem  as  "  How  Love  Came " 
illustrates  both  of  these  features  at  once. 

The  poems  of  Miss  Martha  Gilbert  Dickinson  are 
of  very  uneven  quality,  at  one  time  giving  unexcep- 
tional embodiment  of  some  happy  conception,  at 
another  repelling  by  their  confusion  of  imagery  and 
forcing  of  the  note.  "  Benedicite,"  for  example, 
would  be  a  true  poem  were  it  not  for  the  occasional 
jar  of  these  intrusive  elements. 


•24-2 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


"  Tht  waves  in  prostrate  worship  lie,  and  cease 
To  count  the  pebble*  on  their  rosary  ; 
Over  the  scourged  rocks  a  smile  of  peace 

Deepens  the  boshed  expectancy. 
Each  small,  lost  flower  lifts  her  fragrant  brow 
Forgotten  flocks  turn  toward  the  rosy  West ; 
Day  drops  her  anchor  off  the  world — and  now 
Awaits  her  shriving  —  all  her  ways  confessed. 
The  patriarchal  mountains  stand  apart. 
Far  hills  are  kneeling ;  birds  arrest  their  flight  — 
Then  the  real  Presence  crowds  all  Nature's  heart, 

And  benediction  falls  with  night." 

We  note  particularly  in  this  example,  first,  the  fine 
figure,  "  Day  drops  her  anchor  off  the  world,"  and 
the  immediate  appearance  of  the  incongruous  no- 
tion of  "  shriving."  The  suggestion  of  the  kneeling 
hills  is  forced,  and  the  word  "  crowds  "  is  infelici- 
tous. Why  not  say,  instead, 

"Then  the  real  Presence  thrills  all  Nature's  heart? " 
The  most  completely  satisfactory  of  Miss  Dickin- 
son's poems  is  the  one  called  "  Summer's  Will." 
Here  there  is  no  confusion,  and  no  straining  for 
effect,  but  instead  a  single  figure  delicately  and  con- 
sistently worked  out. 

"These  are  the  clauses  of  Summer's  will  — 
To  Autumn,  a  languorous  haze  to  fill 
Valley  and  mountain  with  vague  regret 
For  her  whose  beauty  they  cannot  forget. 
To  Mortals,  maples  whose  colors  dare 
Till  scarlet  Flamingoes  seem  nesting  there ; 
Also  a  river  woven  in  gold. 
Where  willows  murmur  their  stories  old ; 
Treasures  of  golden  rod,  troops  of  corn. 
And  sumach  torches  out-heralding  dawn. 
To  Heaven,  lest  day  despair  too  soon. 
The  silvery  horn  of  her  harvest  moon. 
To  Wondering  Cattle,  pastures  green 
Rivalling  May  in  their  transient  sheen  ; 
All  her  black  crows  to  the  lonely  Pines. 
To  Straggling  Fences,  her  madcap  vines  ; 
But  to  the  Ocean  only  her  tears, 
Tempests  of  parting  and  desolate  fears. 
Sealed  in  witch  hazel,  filled  in  frost. 
To  the  witnessing  winds  '  t  was  all  but  tossed 
When  she  smiled  a  gentian  codicil  — 
'  My  love  to  the  roadside  under  the  hill ! ' " 

Aside  from  its  capricious  capitalization,  there  seems 
no  reasonable  fault  to  be  found  with  this  charming 
poem. 

It  is  not  our  intention  to  make  any  contribution 
of  our  own  to  the  discussion  of  that  over-discussed 
poem,  "  The  Man  with  the  Hoe."  We  have  known 
Mr.  Markham  as  a  poet  for  many  years,  and  have 
held  the  sturdy  vigor  of  his  verse  in  high  esteem.  It 
is  merely  an  inexplicable  caprice  of  the  public  that 
has  singled  out  this  particular  poem  for  extravagant 
laudation  or  censure,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  has 
achieved  for  its  writer  a  reputation  that  his  previous 
years  of  work  had  not  won  for  him.  We  wish  only 
to  say  that  in  his  assumption  that  society  has  made 
"  the  man  with  the  hoe  "  what  he  is,  there  is  a  beg- 
ging of  the  whole  question.  We  are  rather  inclined 
to  think  that  men  make  themselves  instead  of  being 
moulded  by  pressure  from  without,  and  that  men 
with  hoes  and  other  useful  implements  play  a  proper 
part  in  the  social  economy.  And  we  are  also  minded 
to  quote  a  few  apposite  sentences  from  one  of 


Stevenson's  essays.  "  When  our  little  poets  have 
to  be  sent  to  the  ploughman  to  learn  wisdom,  we 
must  be  careful  how  we  tamper  with  our  ploughman. 
When  a  man  in  not  the  beat  of  circumstances  pre- 
serves composure  of  mind,  and  relishes  ale  and 
tobacco,  and  his  wife  and  children,  in  the  intervals 
of  dull  and  unremunerative  labor, —  when  a  man  in 
this  predicament  can  afford  a  lesson  by  the  way  to 
what  are  called  his  intellectual  superiors,  there  is 
plainly  something  to  be  lost,  as  well  as  something 
to  be  gained,  by  teaching  him  to  think  differently. 
It  is  better  to  leave  him  as  he  is  than  to  teach  him 
whining."  The  popular  success  of  Mr.  Markham's 
single  poem  has,  however,  had  the  excellent  effect  of 
bringing  out  a  volume  of  verse  which  might  other- 
wise never  have  seen  the  light,  and  which  was  cer- 
tainly worth  printing.  It  is  not  alone  in  the  titular 
poem  that  the  author  has  elected  to  wear  the 
prophet's  mantle,  for  the  same  plea  for  the  oppressed 
and  the  same  vision  of  a  coming  human  brotherhood 
is  the  strain  of  most  of  his  songs.  The  ideal  is  of 
the  noblest,  if  here  somewhat  vaguely  conceived, 
and  we  cannot  have  too  many  poets  for  whom  the 
message  comes  in  such  words  as  these : 

''  Go,  be  a  dauntless  voice,  a  bugle-cry 
In  darkening  battle  when  the  winds  are  high  — 
A  clear  sane  cry  wherein  the  Qod  is  heard 
To  speak  to  men  the  one  redeeming  word." 

In  his  "  Song  to  the  Divine  Mother,"  which  is  per- 
haps the  finest  of  his  poems,  the  passionate  social- 
ism of  the  author  achieves  an  expression  that  would 
not  have  been  unworthy  of  Morris.  But  for  all  the 
deep  human  feeling  with  which  these  songs  of  the 
"  Fraternal  State  "  are  charged,  we  are  bound  to 
say  that  Mr.  Markham  appeals  to  us  more  strongly 
when  he  forgets  man  and  turns  to  the  consolations 
of  nature,  or  when,  giving  free  rein  to  the  imagina- 
tion, he  has  such  a  vision  as  this  of  "  The  Wharf  of 
Dreams." 

"Strange  wares  are  handled  on  the  wharves  of  sleep : 

Shadows  of  shadows  pass,  and  many  a  light 

Flashes  a  signal  fire  across  the  night ; 
Barges  depart  whose  voiceless  steersmen  keep 
Their  way  without  a  star  upon  the  deep ; 

And  from  lost  ships,  homing  with  ghostly  crews. 

Come  cries  of  incommunicable  news, 
While  cargoes  pile  the  piers,  a  moon-white  heap  — 

"  Budgets  of  dream-dust,  merchandise  of  song, 
Wreckage  of  hope  and  packs  of  ancient  wrong, 

Nepenthes  gathered  from  a  secret  strand, 
Fardels  of  heartache,  burdens  of  old  sins, 
Luggage  sent  down  from  dim  ancestral  inns, 
And  bales  of  fantasy  from  No- Man's  Land." 

a  For  the  King,"  by  Mr.  Robert  Cameron  Rogers, 
is  a  spirited  irregular  version  of  the  story  of  the 
three  mighty  men  of  war  who  brought  some  water 
from  the  well  of  Bethlehem  to  King  David.  Spirit, 
rather  than  finish,  is  the  characteristic  of  most  of 
the  poems  contained  in  this  volume,  as  may  be  illus- 
trated by  a  stanza  from  the  so-called  lyric  ode  "  To 
Spain,"  a  piece  having  for  its  ultimate  object  —  it 
might  have  had  a  worthier  one  —  the  justification 
of  our  recent  war. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


243 


"  We  are  not  a  warlike  nation, 

Fashioned  rather  for  keen  trading. 
Some  will  say  the  style  is  English, 

That  from  them  we  get  the  cut  — 
East  and  West  our  ships  went  speeding, 

Decks  awash  from  heavy  lading, 
Bowsprits  poked  in  every  harbor, 
Never  seeking  quarrels, 

But 
When  our  rich  Levant  trade  came  and  Tripoli  claimed  tribute 

from  it, 

Tribute  paid  by  other  navies  trading  down  the  midland  sea, 
We,  the  least  and  last  of  nations,  blew  her  gunboats  to 

Mahomet, 
Blew  the  faithful  to  their  houris,  made  the  Straits  forever 

free." 

The  conclusion  of  the  argument  thus  pursued  is  that 
when  we  could  no  longer  stand  the  conduct  of  our 
Spanish  neighbor  we  proceeded  to  clean  her  out. 
Discrete  silence  is  maintained  concerning  our  sub- 
sequent adoption  of  Spanish  methods  as  an  outcome 
of  this  spasm  of  virtue.  When  he  does  not  attempt 
to  be  stirring,  Mr.  Rogers  appears  as  a  pretty  ver- 
sifier upon  the  familiar  themes  of  the  minor  poet. 
Bat  he  has  done  better  work  than  is  to  be  found  in 
the  present  volume. 

"  An  Epic  of  the  Soul "  is  an  anonymous  cycle 
of  eighty  short  poems,  all  cast  in  a  form  which  illus- 
trates a  distinct  novelty  in  versification.  They  de- 
pict the  struggle  for  faith  in  the  mind  of  the 
doubter,  to  which  the  spirit  of  mysticism  comes  at 
last  to  reconcile  the  conflicting  currents  of  thought. 
We  select  the  following  two  consecutive  numbers, 
because  they  are  fairly  typical  of  the  whole,  and 
also  because  they  show  how  easy  is  the  descent  from 
the  plane  of  poetry  to  that  of  prose. 

"  Does  God  look  down  upon  us  from  a  star 
Careless  of  love  or  hate,  of  good  or  ill  ? 
And  will  He  send  no  shining  avatar 
While  man's  great  spirit  beats  its  prison-bar 
Longing  to  worship,  and  to  know  His  will  ? 

"  If  He  be  but  a  great,  impartial  eye 

Expressionless,  then  let  us  creep  and  die, 
For  we  ourselves  are  more  humane  by  far. 

"  Yet  how  can  we  submit  to  those  inflictions 

At  which  the  powers  of  reason  grow  satirical, 
Or  pin  our  faith  to  any  pleasing  fictions, 
Though  honest  seeming,  full  of  contradictions, 
Supported  by  the  jugglery  of  miracle  ? 

"  The  story  seems  a  beautiful  invention  — 

The  birth,  the  resurrection,  the  ascension  — 
And  can  it  move  the  mind  with  deep  convictions?  " 

The  author  of  these  reflections  is  said  to  be  "known 
in  more  than  one  department  of  literature."  We 
must  say  that  it  would  be  a  slender  reputation  that 
could  be  enhanced  by  confessing  the  authorship  of 
the  present  work. 

If  Mr.  Madison  Cawein  would  refrain  from  writing 
so  much,  or  from  printing  so  much  of  what  he  writes, 
his  niche  in  the  temple  of  our  contemporaneous 
poetry  would  be  more  securely  occupied.  In  such  a 
case,  he  would  suppress  such  hopeless  verse  as  this  : 
"  For,  all  around  me,  upon  field  and  hill, 

Enchantment  lies  as  of  mysterious  flutes ; 
As  if  the  music  of  a  god's  good- will 
Had  taken  on  material  attributes 
In  blooms,  like  chords," 


Or  as  this : 

"  For  he,  of  all  the  country-side  confessed, 
The  most  religious  was  and  happiest ; 
A  Methodist,  and  one  whom  faith  still  led, 
No  books  except  the  Bible  had  he  read." 

Is  the  author  of  these  lines,  sated  with  the  inspira- 
tion of  Keats,  now  groping  after  the  inspiration  of 
Wordsworth  ?  We  trust  not,  for  the  change  would 
not  be  for  the  better.  The  strength  of  Mr.  Cawein 
lies  in  his  sensuous  interpretations  of  nature,  in  the 
attitude  of  passionate  communicant  rather  than  of 
high  priest.  We  need  not  reiterate  our  often- 
expressed  satisfaction  with  the  best  of  his  verse. 
The  new  volume,  "  Myth  and  Romance,"  while  in- 
cluding such  passages  as  have  been  quoted,  includes 
also  many  exquisite  lyrics,  none  of  them,  perhaps, 
exceeding  in  beauty  these  stanzas  inscribed  to 
"Youth." 

"  Morn's  mystic  rose  is  reddening  on  the  hills, 
Dawn's  irised  nautilus  makes  glad  the  sea ; 
There  is  a  lyre  of  flame  that  throbs  and  fills 
Far  heaven  and  earth,  with  hope's  wild  ecstasy,  — 
With  lilied  field  and  grove, 
Haunts  of  the  turtle-dove, 
Here  is  the  land  of  Love. 

"The  chariot  of  the  noon  makes  blind  the  blue 
As  towards  the  goal  his  burning  axle  glares ; 
There  is  a  fiery  trumpet  thrilling  through 
Wide  heaven  and  earth  with  deeds  of  one  who  dares, — 
With  peaks  of  splendid  name, 
Wrapped  round  with  astral  flame. 
Here  is  the  land  of  Fame. 

"  The  purple  priesthood  of  the  evening  waits 
With  golden  pomp  within  the  templed  skies ; 
There  is  a  harp  of  worship  at  the  gates 
Of  heaven  and  earth  that  bids  the  soul  arise, — 
With  columned  cliffs  and  long 
Vales,  music  breathes  among, 
Here  is  the  land  of  Song. 

"  Moon-crowned,  the  epic  of  the  night  unrolls 
Its  starry  utterance  o'er  height  and  deep  ; 
There  is  a  voice  of  beauty  at  the  souls 
Of  heaven  and  earth  that  lulls  the  heart  asleep, — 
With  storied  woods  and  streams, 
Where  marble  glows  and  gleams, 
Here  is  the  land  of  Dreams." 

A  poet  of  far  wider  renown  than  any  Mr.  Cawein 
has  yet  achieved  would  not  need  to  feel  ashamed 
of  these  well-nigh  faultless  verses. 

Mr.  William  Griffith  is  a  bold  man  to  venture 
upon  "  A  Litany  of  Nations,"  remembering  what 
Mr.  Swinburne  has  done  with  that  theme.  Here 
is  one  of  the  twelve  quatrains,  with  the  common 
refrain : 

"  SWITZERLAND. 

"  From  mountains  crowned  with  freedom,  I  repeat 
The  skies'  great  secret,  Time's  eternal  quest 
Above  the  nations  thundering  at  my  feet  — 
And  overlook  the  West. 

"Mother  of  Nations,  as  of  yore 
Remember  us  and,  near  us 
Beseeching  Thfe  forevermore, 
Hear,  O  hear  us  !"         , 

We  like  Mr.  Griffith  better  when  the  lofty  mood  is 
not  upon  him,  and  when  he  sings  of  the  joys  of 
vagabondage  and  the  life  of  the  open  air. 


244 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


"So,  while  the  momenta  slip  and  slide 

Prom  Winter  nnto  Spring, 
With  hedges  flushing  either  side 

The  country  lanes,  I  bring 
AeroM  the  mart  a  foolish  heart 

To  hear  the  finches  sing." 

In  this  poem,  and  many  other*  of  like  strain,  the 
writer  has  caught  the  wilding  note  of  such  singers 
as  Mr.  Bliss  Carman  and  Professor  Roberts. 

To  the  two  small  volumes,  dated  1887  and  1889, 
of  verse  by  the  late  Edward  Rowland  Sill,  the  pub- 
lishers have  now  added  "  a  third  and  final  volume," 
entitled  "  Hermione,  and  Other  Poems."  We  have 
been  in  the  habit  of  regarding  Sill's  talent  as  a 
slender  one,  but  in  view  of  these  three  collections 
taken  together,  and  the  fact  that  even  now  much  of 
his  work  remains  uncollected,  the  opinion  needs  re- 
vision, for  we  are  already  in  possession  of  some 
three  hundred  printed  pages,  and  many  a  shining 
reputation  has  no  more  than  that  to  its  credit.  We 
doubt  if  Sill  will  ever  have  a  shining  reputation, 
for  the  rare  purity  of  his  note  was  such  as  to  fall 
upon  few  ears  fit  to  hear  it,  but  we  have  no  doubt 
that  his  work  will  be  held  as  a  precious  permanent 
possession  by  an  audience  of  whom  any  poet  might 
be  proud.  Even  our  expectation  that  the  present 
selection,  coming  after  the  two  others,  would  prove 
inferior  in  quality,  offering  only  the  lees  of  his 
song,  is  not  fulfilled,  for  we  should  hesitate  to  affirm 
that  it  was  any  less  worthy  of  publication  than 
either  of  its  predecessors.  The  work  that  gives  us 
such  haunting  phrases  as  "yon  dim  ghost  that 
last  night  was  the  moon,"  and  that  brings  to  rightly- 
attuned  ears  the  message  of 

"  All  the  holy  hills  and  sacred  waters ; 
When  the  sea-wind  swings  its  evening  censer, 
Till  the  misty  incense  hides  the  altar 
And  the  long-robed  shadows,  lowly  kneeling," 

is  work  to  be  cherished  in  affectionate  remembrance. 
And  how  ethically  fine  is  the  mood  that  speaks  to 
us  from  the  depths  of  spiritual  experience  in  such 
verses  as  "  Tempted." 

"  Yes,  I  know  what  yon  say : 

Since  it  cannot  be  soul  to  soul, 
Be  it  flesh  to  flesh,  as  it  may  ; 
But  is  Earth  the  whole  ? 

"Shall  a  man  betray  the  Past 

For  all  Earth  (fives? 
'  But  the  Past  i«  dead  ? '     At  last, 

It  is  all  that  live*. 

"  Which  were  the  nobler  goal  — 

To  snatch  at  the  moment's  bliss, 
Or  to  swear  I  will  keep  my  soul 
Clean  for  her  kisa?" 

Here  is  an  antidote  indeed  for  the  sensual  cater- 
waulings  of  a  host  of  bardlings  who  exalt  the  pas- 
sion of  a  moment  to  the  rank  of  a  Lord  of  Life. 
Although  his  biography  is  silent  upon  this  subject, 
we  know  well  from  S  ll's  verse  that  he  felt  the  im- 
perious appeal  of  love,  and  suffered  as  such  sensi- 
tive souls  munt  suffer  when  their  ardors  are  spent 
in  vain.  The  inner  meaning  is  as  clear  in  his  love- 
lyrics  as  in  those  of  the  Swiss  cycle  in  Matthew 


Arnold's  volume.  But  the  most  typical  expression 
of  Sill's  outlook  upon  life,  with  all  its  dominant 
spirituality,  is  found  in  such  a  poem  as  that  called 
"  Fertility." 

"  Clear  water  on  smooth  rock 
Could  give  no  foot-hold  for  a  single  flower, 
Or  slenderest  shaft  of  grain  : 
The  stone  must  crumble  under  storm  and  rain  — 
The  forests  crash  beneath  the  whirlwind's  power  — 
And  broken  boughs  from  many  a  tempest  shock, 
And  fallen  leaves  of  many  a  wintry  hour, 
Must  mingle  in  the  mould, 
Before  the  harvest  whitens  on  the  plain. 
Bearing  an  hundred-fold. 
Patience,  O  weary  heart  t 
Let  all  thy  sparkling  hours  depart. 
And  all  thy  hopes  be  withered  with  the  frost, 
And  every  effort  tempettt-tost — 
So,  when  all  life's  green  leave* 
Are  fallen,  and  mouldered  underneath  the  sod, 
Thou  shall  go  not  too  lightly  to  thy  God, 
But  heavy  with  full  sheaves." 

Fated,  like  Poe  and  Lanier,  to  pass  into  an  inher- 
itance of  unfulfilled  renown  at  an  early  age,  Henry 
Timrod  has  been  less  fortunate  than  his  compeers 
in  posthumous  favor.  This  is  due,  in  part,  to  the 
fact  that  the  1873  collected  edition  of  his  complete 
poems  became  tied  up  through  the  bankruptcy  of 
the  publishers,  and  practically  unobtainable.  To 
present  these  poems  once  more  to  the  public,  and 
at  the  same  time  to  establish  a  suitable  memorial 
of  the  poet,  a  chartered  association  has  been  formed 
in  South  Carolina,  and  the  first-fruits  of  its  activity 
takes  the  form  of  a  "  Memorial  Edition,"  provided 
with  memoir  and  portrait,  and  including  a  few 
pieces  not  heretofore  collected.  We  are  glad  to  have 
this  volume,  for  Timrod  has  been  little  more  than  a 
name  to  the  reading  public  at  large,  and  his  poems 
deserve  the  ••  place  in  every  cultivated  home  in  the 
United  States,"  prophesied  for  them  by  Longfellow 
a  score  of  years  ago. 

WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 

The  huge  and  exhaustive  work  by 

I-  S-  Bloch»  8aid  to  have  g'ven  th» 
Czar  his  notion  of  calling  the  Peace 
Conference  which  met  recently  at  The  Hague,  has 
now  been  translated  in  part  by  Mr.  R.  C.  Long,  and 
appears  before  the  American  public  with  a  long  and 
valuable  "  prefatory  conversation  "  with  the  author, 
reported  by  Mr.  W.  T.  Stead.  The  title  —  though 
the  present  woik  contains  but  one  of  the  books,  the 
sixth,  of  the  original  —  is  long  and  cumbersome, 
but  sufficiently  apt :  "The  Future  of  War  in  Its 
Technical,  Economic,  and  Political  Relations  —  Is 
War  Now  Impossible  ?"  (  Doubleday  &  MrClure 
Co).  M.  Bloch  concludes  that  it  is  impossible  ;  and 
the  reader  will  agree  with  him  in  part  —  and  only 
in  part,  because,  as  he  observes  in  relation  to  other 
things,  he  is  advancing  a  theory,  and  war,  unfortu- 
nately, is  practice.  He  speaks,  for  example,  of  the 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


245 


absolute  impossibility,  under  certain  conditions,  of 
taking  intreuchments ;  yet  the  dismounted  cavalry 
at  Santiago  did  exactly  what  he  sets  forth  as  im- 
possible. The  combination  of  a  dynamite  gun  with 
a  gatling  battery  —  one  to  unearth  the  foe,  the 
other  to  slay  him  as  he  flees  —  was  unheard  of  and 
unthought  of  before  the  Americans  used  them,  and 
overthrows  some  of  the  author's  best  reasoned  con- 
clusions. This  being  true,  it  is  likely  that  future 
wars  will  be  filled  with  similar  surprises,  only  on  a 
greater  scale  if  Europe  be  the  scene.  But  most  of 
the  conclusions  at  which  M.  Bloch  arrives  outside 
of  the  actualities  of  battle,  the  effect  of  war  upon 
the  economic  and  political  side  of  national  life,  have 
in  them  little  of  uncertainty  and  abundantly  dem- 
onstrate the  appeal  to  savagery  to  be  not  merely 
murderous  but  self-murderous  to  all  who  undertake 
it.  How  insane  a  thing  a  war  is,  and  how  its  hor- 
rors react  upon  those  who  habituate  themselves  to 
them,  is  unintentionally  displayed  by  the  quotation 
given  here  from  the  lips  of  General  Dragomiroff : 
"  The  manoeuvres  would  be  infinitely  more  valuable 
if  one  cartiidge  in  a  thousand  contained  a  ball." 
Humanitarians  have  welcomed  all  the  accumulated 
disasters  which  modern  science  makes  possible,  as 
tending  the  sooner  to  do  away  with  the  thought  of 
an  appeal  to  arms.  Great  things  are  argued  in  this 
direction  from  the  new  rifles,  with  their  increased 
velocity  and  decreased  missile ;  but  the  experience 
of  the  Americans  now  waging  war  upon  the  Fili- 
pinos makes  the  old-fashioned  Springfield  with 
smokeless  powder  cartridges  the  more  effective 
weapon  in  comparison  with  the  Krag-Jorgensson. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  large  proportion  of  officers 
slain  in  recent  wars  has  had  the  effect  of  leaving 
Germany  without  a  war  party  among  professional 
soldiers,  since  an  outbreak  of  hostilities  virtually 
signs  the  death-warrant  of  every  man  with  shoulder 
straps.  One  thing  the  author  makes  quite  plain  — 
the  uselessness  of  a  large  navy  unless  it  is  to  be  in 
some  sense  or  another  "  supreme."  The  ethical 
argument  against  war  has  no  part  in  the  scheme 
here,  hot  blood  being  notably  hotter  than  cool  words 
are  refrigerating;  yet  the  economic  argument,  that 
war  in  the  future  will  become  a  question  of  starva- 
tion at  home,  comes  to  the  same  thing.  Civilized 
society  has  learned  individually  that  violence  leads 
to  nothing  but  disorder ;  but  the  lesson  is  yet  to  be 
learned  by  nations.  America,  lately  an  exemplar 
for  lovers  of  peace,  has  become  as  veritable  a 
swashbuckler  as  the  rest ;  but  we  are  not  yet  set  in 
the  broad  path  that  goes  down  to  death.  This  book 
should  aid  us  in  leaving  it. 

Mr.  Herbert  E.  Hamblen's  "  Yarn  of 

Dubinin  yarnt  T>      -i        tr    »    »   /  c<      *u  \    •      • 

of  sailor  Hje.  a  Bucko  Mate  (Scnbner)  is  in- 
ferior to  his  capital  book  u  On  Many 
Seas, "  chiefly  because  the  author  has,  in  his  pres- 
ent venture,  gotten  out  of  his  true  literary  element. 
Mr.  Hamblen's  forte  is  the  literal  narration  of  his 
own  unusually  interesting  and  varied  experiences 
as  sailor  and  as  "  railroad  man."  But  in  the  pres- 


ent volume  he  largely  eschews  fact  and  tries  his 
hand  at  fiction.  The  result  is  distinctly  disappoint- 
ing, the  more  so  because  Mr.  Hamblen's  former 
books  were  so  good.  The  "  Yarn  "  —  the  strictly 
imaginative  part  of  it  at  least  —  is  not  much  better 
than  the  sort  of  thing  served  up  in  the  dime-novel, 
and  a  good  deal  of  it  must  be  pronounced  coarse 
and  deleterious  stuff.  We  do  not  think  the  com- 
mon sailor  is  the  degraded  ruffian,  the  abject  bully 
and  blackguard,  that  the  reader  of  Mr.  Hamblen's 
extravaganza  may  fairly  infer  him  to  be.  In  fact, 
we  know  he  is  not.  There  is  no  handier,  cleanlier, 
braver,  kindlier,  and,  according  to  his  lights,  hon- 
ester  man  than  the  American  sailor ;  and  he  will 
not  thank  Mr.  Hamblen  for  portraying  him  as  phy- 
sically a  hog  and  morally  a  Yahoo.  Mr.  Hamblen's 
opening  chapters,  which  appear  to  be  founded  on 
fact,  are  not  so  bad  ;  but  even  here  there  is  too 
much  ruffianism,  too  much  of  the  low  side  of  mar- 
itime life  and  character.  Even  the  "  Bucko  Mate  " 
who  spins  the  "  Yarn  "  is  a  confessed  brute,  bully, 
and  cut-throat,  whose  supposed  redeeming  trait  is 
the  harboring  of  some  sloppy  sentiment  about 
"  Rose's  boy  and  mine."  The  opening  chapters 
are,  as  we  have  said,  fairly  good,  and  depict  life  as 
it  was  on  the  scandalous  old  Black  Ball  packets 
with  some  degree  of  literal  truth.  After  that  comes 
the  fiction  —  shooting,  stabbing,  gambling,  robbery, 
piracy,  battle,  murder,  and  sudden  death.  A  treas- 
ure buried  on  a  Pacific  it-land  furnishes  the  motif 
of  the  closing  chapters.  Mr.  Hamblen's  book  will 
not  lack  readers ;  but  we  trust  he  will  return  to  his 
last,  and  give  us  something  next  time  worthy  of 
himself. 


A  new  book  on 
an  old  worthy. 


No  one  can  deny  that  Mr.  Augustine 
Jones,  in  his  "  Life  and  Work  of 
Thomas  Dudley,  the  second  Gov- 
ernor of  Massachusetts  "  (Houghton,  MifHm  &Co.), 
shows  careful  reading  of  his  souices,  and  much  zeal 
and  patience  in  selecting  and  bringing  together 
facts  relating  to  that  worthy.  Not  so  much  can  be 
said  for  his  literary  method.  He  has  imbedded  in 
the  connecting  tissue  of  his  narrative  a  great  num- 
ber of  quotations,  generally  good  quotations,  some 
selected  because  they  convey  facts  and  some  because 
they  convey  opinions.  Many  of  these  quotations,  as 
well  as  other  matter,  are  repeated,  occasionally  more 
than  once.  The  total  result  is  a  book  that  contains 
a  large  amount  of  solid  information,  but  in  a  style 
cumbrous,  heavy,  and  not  attractive.  Perhaps  in 
these  particulars  the  book  is  in  some  measure  a 
symbol  of  its  hero.  Mr.  Jones's  secondary  object 
in  preparing  the  book,  unless  indeed  it  is  the  primary 
one,  is  to  clear  the  name  of  Dudley  of  the  old  charge 
of  bigotry  and  intolerance.  "  We  indulge  the  hope," 
he  says,  '•  that  the  thoughtful  reader  will  conclude 
with  us  that  an  injustice  has  been  done  to  the 
memory  of  an  excellent  man,  who  cordially  wel- 
comed truth  from  every  source."  That  will  depend, 
we  imagine,  upon  the  reader's  point  of  view.  The 
author  has  shown  very  conclusively  that  the  Gov- 


246 


TIIK     DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


ernor  bad  a  thorough  understanding  of  the  ideas 
on  which  the  Colony  of  Massachusetts  was  founded, 
that  he  believed  thoroughly  in  those  ideas,  that  he 
committed  his  life  and  fortunes  to  the  attempt  to 
realize  them,  and  that  he  wrought,  suffered,  and 
sacrificed  in  the  effort  to  realize  them.  He  entered 
deeply  into  the  religious  and  political  life  of  the 
colony  from  1630,  the  time  of  the  great  emigration, 
to  1653,  the  time  of  his  death,  holding  perhaps  a 
variant  view  here,  and  urging  a  different  practice 
there,  hut  on  the  whole  in  accord  with  the  main 
stream  of  thought,  feeling,  and  action.  We  see  no 
reason  to  put  him  in  a  category  by  himself.  He 
stands  or  falls  with  the  Puritans  of  Massachusetts 
Bay.  The  author  says  Dudley  "  was  as  liberal  in 
religion  and  politics  as  the  public  sentiment  of  his 
age  allowed,"  and  "  was  not  then  regarded  as  intol- 
erant," which  is,  generally  speaking,  true  as  re- 
spects his  environment ;  but  when  the  author  says 
••  nothing  beyond  this  can  be  required,"  and  that 
"  the  judgment  of  his  neighbors  and  peers  is  the 
only  reasonable  one,"  he  raises  again  the  question 
of  point  of  view.  These  Massachusetts  Puritans, 
upon  the  whole,  were  liberal  and  tolerant  beyond 
their  time;  much  can  be  said  to  show  that  they 
permitted  as  much  liberty  of  thought  and  action  as 
was  safe,  considering  the  condition  of  the  colony ; 
but  this  leaves  unanswered  the  important  and  diffi- 
cult question  of  the  relation  of  the  idealist  to  so- 
ciety, or  of  the  prophet  to  the  practical  statesman. 
We  shall  not  enter  upon  a  discussion  of  this  subject, 
but  merely  throw  out  the  question  whether  Roger 
Williams  and  men  like  him  have  any  real  mission 
in  the  world,  and  if  so,  what  it  is.  It  is  very  evi- 
dent, for  one  thing,  that  they  are  a  different  class 
of  men  from  the  Dudleys,  good  as  the  Dudleys  are 
in  their  place.  The  mechanical  make-up  of  the 
book  is  excellent,  and  the  illustrations  of  early 
scenes  in  Dudley's  life  are  admirable. 

Besides  recapitulating  the  events 
and  glancing  at  the  protagonists  of 
the  remarkable  political  drama  that 
closed  with  the  Tenth  of  Thermidor,  Dr.  Jan  Ten 
Brink's  "  Robespierre  and  the  Red  Terror "  (  Lip- 
pincott)  is  an  intelligent  and  impartial  study  of 
the  character  and  motives  of  the  arch  fanatic  whom 
Napoleon  styled  the  "scapegoat  of  the  Revolu- 
tion." Dr.  Ten  Brink's  estimate  of  Robespierre 
does  not  differ  essentially  from  that  of  Mr.  John 
Morley  —  whose  masterly  essay  ought  to  be  in  the 
hands  of  every  student  of  the  period.  Robespierre 
was  a  zealot  who  shed  blood  like  water  to  bring 
about  his  Utopia.  But  the  old  notion  that  he  shed 
blood  merely  for  the  sake  of  shedding  it  is  a  vulgar 
error.  He  sent  his  victims  to  the  scaffold,  as  Philip 
II.  sent  his  to  the  stake,  with  the  best  intentions 
in  the  world.  The  French  bigot  aimed  to  effect 
the  reign  of  virtue,  justice,  and  felicity  on  earth ; 
the  Spanish  bigot  meant  to  do  God  service  and  to 
save  mankind  from  the  pit.  We  rightly  abhor  the 
errors  of  both ;  but  we  are  not  to  lose  sight  of  the 


Robftpierre, 
"  tcai«yoat  of 
the  Revolution." 


quality  of  their  motives,  and  thereby  mins  the 
lesson  of  their  lives.  Potential  Robespierres,  fanat- 
ics burning  to  try  their  nostrums  on  society,  we 
have  with  us  in  plenty  to-day;  and  if  the  French 
Revolution  teaches  us  anything  of  practical  value, 
it  is  the  peril  of  putting  these  "  saviors  of  society  " 
in  a  position  to  wreak  their  theories  on  us  unre- 
strained. We  are  glad  to  note  that  Dr.  Ten  Brink 
includes  a  chapter  on  Robespierre's  youth  and  early 
manhood,  a  period  of  his  life  that  throws  much  light 
on  his  character,  and  is  too  often  unconsidered  by 
his  critics  and  delineators.  History  affords  no  more 
curious  psychological  study  than  the  evolution  into 
the  inexorable  author  of  the  bloody  Law  of  22nd 
Prairail  of  the  harmless  young  sentimentalist  of 
Arras,  who  sang  madrigals  and  sipped  rose-water 
with  the  "  Rosatis,"  who  wept  for  days  over  the 
death  of  a  pet  pigeon,  and  who  threw  up  a  judicial 
post  in  a  fit  of  remorse  after  sentencing  a  murderer 
to  the  gallows.  Dr.  Ten  Brink's  style  is  easy  and 
discursive,  and  he  makes  no  flourish  of  philosophi- 
cal profundity  or  novelty  of  view.  The  book  is 
well  adapted  to  popular  reading,  and  contains  some 
interesting  portraits  and  reproductions  of  old  prints. 
It  should  be  added  that  the  author  is  a  professor  at 
the  University  of  Leyden,  and  that  his  translator, 
Mr.  J.  Hedeman,  has  done  his  work  well. 


A  famout 
maker  of 

anthologitt. 


The  brilliant  circle  of  English  liter- 
ary men  which  has  made  our  gener- 
ation famous,  and  has  included  such 
men  as  Tennyson,  Browning,  Gladstone,  Matthew 
Arnold,  Hallam,  Newman,  Stanley,  Shairp,  and 
Clough,  has  suffered  sad  depletions  within  the  last 
decade.  Friendly  hands  have  been  prompt  to  gather 
and  publish  the  scattered  memorials  of  these  great 
ones,  and  "  Life  and  Letters  "  have  become  a  very 
popular  though  somewhat  sad  feature  of  recent  lit- 
erature. One  of  the  best  known  and  best  beloved 
within  that  charmed  circle,  although  not  one  of  the 
most  conspicuous  as  seen  from  the  outside,  wtit 
Francis  Turner  Palgrave,  the  story  of  whose  life, 
as  presented  by  his  daughter,  largely  through  the 
medium  of  diaries,  letters,  and  tributes  of  friends, 
makes  a  highly  interesting  addition  to  our  knowl- 
edge both  of  the  man  himself  and  of  his  generation. 
As  private  secretary  first  to  Mr.  Gladstone  and  after- 
wards to  Lord  Granville,  as  art  critic  to  the  ••  Sat- 
urday Review,"  as  Professor  of  Poetry  for  ten  years 
at  Oxford,  and  the  author  of  several  books  in  prose 
and  verse,  Palgrave  is  shown  to  have  been  a  man 
of  singularly  varied  gifts.  But  it  was  in  the  capac- 
ity of  compiler  that  his  greatest  public  service  was 
rendered,  and  the  one  by  which  he  will  be  longest 
remembered.  The  "  Golden  Treasury  of  Songs  and 
Lyrics  "  was  published  first  in  1861,  and  was  rec- 
ognized from  the  beginning  as  the  best  existing 
anthology  of  its  kind.  Without  doubt,  this  little 
book  has  taught  many,  in  all  ranks  of  life,  to  know 
and  love  much  of  our  best  lyrical  poetry  which  other- 
wise might  have  remained  to  them  obscure  and 
neglected.  Shortly  before  his  death,  in  1897,  a 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


247 


"Second  Series"  was  added,  in  order  to  include 
gems  written  in  the  thirty-six  years  since  the  first 
collection  was  made.  A  "  Child's  Golden  Treasury  " 
was  another  of  this  interesting  series  of  anthologies, 
all  displaying  the  most  correct  and  refined  taste, 
and  seeming  to  elevate  the  humble  role  of  compiler 
almost  to  the  dignity  of  original  or  creative  work. 
The  volume  is  published  handsomely  by  Messrs. 
Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.,  and  a  fine  portrait  head 
of  Professor  Palgrave  forms  the  frontispiece. 

The  lives  ^°  tnose  wno  prefer  their  history  in 

of  twelve  the  form  of  biography,  as  well  as  to 

great  soldiers.  military  men,  the  volume  entitled 
"  From  Cromwell  to  Wellington,"  edited  by  Mr. 
Spenser  Wilkinson  (Lippincott),  will  furnish  good 
reading.  The  dozen  careful  studies  embraced  in 
its  five  hundred  pages  are,  with  one  exception,  writ- 
ten by  army  officers,  and  consequently  show  no  lack 
of  technical  knowledge  of  campaigns  and  battles. 
The  influence  of  Captain  Mahan's  writings  is,  we  be- 
lieve, discernible  in  the  emphasis  which  the  book  lays 
upon  sea  power  as  an  all-important  element  in  the 
military  history  of  the  British  Empire.  A  second 
lesson  which  it  teaches,  as  pointed  out  in  the  intro- 
duction, is  the  necessity  of  England's  maintaining 
a  thoroughly  efficient  army  to  take  advantage  of  her 
naval  superiority.  Disarmament  finds  no  word  in 
its  favor  in  these  pages.  The  overlapping  of  some 
of  the  lives  —  as  in  the  case  of  Baird,  Moore,  and 
Wellington  —  makes  this  form  of  history  not  the 
most  economical  of  space,  although  it  serves  admir- 
ably to  emphasize  the  personal  element.  The  lit- 
erary excellence  of  the  book,  as  a  whole,  is  perhaps 
a  shade  less  conspicuous  than  some  of  its  other 
merits  ;  nor  could  it  well  be  otherwise.  It  is  hard 
for  a  writer  to  give  a  short  sketch  of  Wolfe,  for 
example,  which  shall  be  wholly  satisfactory  to  ad- 
mirers of  the  man  as  he  is  seen  in  the  pages  of 
Parkman  and  Thackeray  ;  or  to  trace  an  outline  of 
Cromwell's  career  that  shall  do  him  justice  in  the 
estimation  of  readers  of  Carlyle.  The  portraits 
in  the  book  are  good  process  prints,  and  the  maps 
and  plans  are  numerous,  well  drawn,  and  helpful 
to  the  understanding  of  the  text. 


Lugubrious 
20th  century 


After  a  series  of  most  terrific  wars 
in  which  both  the  Christian  and  Mos- 
lem  ^rids  are  involved,  the  Rev.  H. 
Periera  Mendes,  in  his  "  Looking  Ahead  :  Twen- 
tieth Century  Happenings  "  (Neely),  finally  gets 
the  Jews  safely  installed  in  Palestine.  The  author 
is  the  pastor  of  the  Spanish  and  Portuguese  Con- 
gregation in  New  York  City,  which  will  in  part  ex- 
plain what  may  seem  to  others  to  be  an  anti-climax. 
But  even  a  most  conscientious  attempt  to  put  one's 
self  in  the  Rev.  Mr.  Mendes  's  place  fails  to  elicit 
from  the  situation  in  any  of  its  details  quite  the 
satisfaction  one  is  sure  he  intended  to  have  felt  at 
the  denouement.  The  book  is  a  prophecy  of  the 
occurrences  likely  to  fall  during  the  next  century. 
They  show  a  human  being  in  control  only  a  little 


less  savage  than  our  palaeolithic  ancestors,  and 
vastly  more  destructive.  We  sincerely  hope  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Mendes  is  wrong  about  everything  except 
the  settlement  of  his  co-religionists  in  the  land  they 
took  so  unceremoniously  from  the  Philistines  in 
days  gone  by. 


BRIEFER    MENTION. 


Among  the  hundreds  of  critical  essays  written  by 
English  and  American  scholars  for  the  "  Library  of 
the  World's  Best  Literature,"  there  are  many  of  great 
value,  which  deserve  to  reach  a  wider  public  than  that 
made  up  of  owners  of  the  complete  work.  The  Dou- 
bleday  &  McClure  Co.  have  just  made  a  selection  of 
these  essays,  and  published  it  in  a  four- volume  set  of 
small  books  styled  "  The  Warner  Classics."  We  find 
here  Mr.  Lecky's  Gibbon,  Mr.  Stephens's  Carlyle,  Dr. 
Garnett's  Emerson,  Mr.  Warner's  Byron,  Mr.  Norton's 
Dante,  Mr.  James's  Hawthorne,  Mr.  Trent's  Balzac, 
Mr.  Brownell's  Thackery,  Mr.  Hutton's  Newman,  Mr. 
Shorey's  Plato,  and  perhaps  a  dozen  others.  The  essays 
are  classified,  one  volume  containing  poets,  another 
novelists,  another  historians  and  essayists,  and  another 
philosophers  and  scientists. 

We  have  received  from  Messrs.  Luzac  &  Co.,  Lon- 
don, a  volume  of  "  Oriental  Wit  and  Wisdom,"  being 
the  "  Laughable  Stories "  collected  by  Mar  Gregory 
John  Bar-Hebrseus,  an  ecclesiastical  dignitary  of  the 
thirteenth  century.  The  translation  is  from  the  Syriac 
text,  previously  published  by  the  Messrs.  Luzac,  and  is 
made  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Wallis  Budge,  of  the  British 
Museum.  These  "  laughable  stories  "  are  upwards  of 
seven  hundred  in  number.  The  following  is  a  fair  ex- 
ample :  "  Another  man  had  a  pain  in  his  stomach,  and 
being  asked  the  cause  thereof,  he  said  :  « I  have  eaten 
largely  of  a  little  milk  and  it  hath  done  me  harm.'  " 
The  wit  is  not  exactly  side-splitting.  Occasionally,  an 
anecdote  is  too  frank  for  our  ears,  and  is  turned  into 
discreet  Latin  instead  of  English. 

"State  Trials,  Political  and  Social"  (Macmillan)  is 
the  title  of  a  work  in  two  small  volumes  edited  by  Mr. 
H.  L.  Stephen.  The  text  consists  of  an  account  of  ten 
famous  trials,  and  includes  lengthy  extracts  from  the 
actual  proceedings  of  the  court.  These  extracts  are 
taken  from  the  reports  of  the  Howells,  father  and 
son,  while  the  editor  has  supplied  the  necessary  intro- 
ductions and  connecting  links.  The  most  interesting 
subjects  are  Raleigh,  Charles  I.,  the  Regicides,  the 
Suffolk  Witches,  and  Alice  Lisle.  There  is  a  fascina- 
tion about  these  circumstantial  records  of  which  pro- 
fessional historians  rarely  catch  the  secret,  and  students 
of  English  history  will  do  well  to  make  the  acquaint- 
ance of  this  work. 

"The  Treatment  of  Nature  in  the  Poetry  of  the 
Roman  Republic,"  by  Miss  Katharine  Allen,  is  a  doc- 
tor's dissertation  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  and 
is  published  as  a  bulletin  of  that  institution  in  the 
series  devoted  to  "  Philology  and  Literature."  It  is  a 
painstaking  piece  of  work,  with  illustrative  examples 
carefully  classified,  and,  although  the  subject  has 
frequently  before  been  handled,  the  present  wiiter 
appears  to  have  conducted  an  independent  investigation. 
The  monograph  extends  to  over  one  hundred  pages,  of 
which  Lucretius  comes  in  for  nearly  one-half,  as  it  is 
entirely  proper  that  he  should. 


•248 


HIE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


LITERARY  NOTES. 

From  Messrs.  Macmillan  Co.  we  have  just  re- 
ceived volumes  six  and  seven  in  the  new  "  Eversley  " 
edition  of  Shakespeare,  edited  by  i'rofessor  C.  II. 
Her  ford. 

41  A  Mountain  Europa,"  by  Mr.  John  Fox,  Jr.,  hith- 
erto published  as  one  of  a  volume  of  short  stories,  is 
now  reprinted  by  the  Messrs.  Harper  in  a  volume  by 
itself,  with  an  excellent  portrait  of  the  author. 

Messrs.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons  publish  a  new  and  re- 
vised edition  of  the  work  of  M.  Ernest  Lefe*bure  upon 
"  Embroidery  and  Lace:  Their  Manufacture  and  His- 
tory." The  translation  is  by  Mr.  Alan  S.  Cole. 

Messrs.  Mansfield  &  Weasels  publish  a  small  guide- 
book to  "  Westminster  Abbey,"  by  the  Rev.  F.  W. 
Farrar,  to  which  is  added  a  chapter  on  the  "  poets'  cor- 
ner" by  the  bite  Dean  Stanley.  There  are  several 
illustrations. 

The  Duubleday  &  McClure  Co.  have  just  published 
three  new  volumes  in  their  series  of  "  Little  Master- 
pieces," as  edited  by  Mr.  Bliss  Perry.  Thackeray,  De 
Quincey,  and  Lamb  are  the  respective  subjects  of  these 
neat  booklets. 

A  new  biographical  series,  to  be  known  as  "  The 
Sock  and  Buskin  Biographies,"  is  announced  by  Messrs. 
Richard  G.  Badger  &  Co.  The  first  volume  will  be 
devoted  to  Miss  Julia  Marlowe,  and  will  be  written  by 
Mr.  John  D.  Barry. 

Miss  Kate  M.  Warren's  version  of  "  Piers  Plowman  " 
in  modern  English  is  a  useful  little  book  for  beginners 
in  the  study  of  our  literature,  and  we  are  glad  to  note 
that  it  has  gone  into  a  second  edition  (Macmillan), 
which  has  had  the  benefit  of  many  suggestions  from 
Professor  W.  P.  Ker. 

A  recent  bulletin  of  the  Field  Columbian  Museum 
describes  several  new  species  of  plants,  among  them  a 
genus  which  has  been  named  Higinbothamia,  after  a 
well-known  citizen  of  Chicago.  Since  it  belongs  to  the 
Uioseoreaceje,  the  new  plant  seems  to  be  a  kind  of  yam. 
It  comes  from  Yucatan. 

Messrs.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  have  just  published  an 
attractive  illustrated  edition,  in  two  volumes,  of  George 
Eliot  s  "  Middlemarch,"  distinguished,  like  the  other 
publications  of  that  house,  by  neatness  and  inexpen- 
siveness.  This  edition  comes  in  a  box. 

The  thirteenth  volume  in  Mrs.  Garnett's  excellent 
translation  of  the  novels  of  Tourgue*nieff  (Maomillan) 
includes  "The  Diary  of  a  Superfluous  Man"  and  four 
of  the  other  short  stories.  Two  more  volumes  of  short 
stories  are  yet  to  follow,  and  the  edition  will  then  be 
complete. 

The  Oxford  University  Press  has  begun  to  reissue 
the  "  New  English  Dictionary  "  in  monthly  parts  of 
eighty-eight  pages  each,  at  ninety  cents  a  part.  This 
means  a  cent  a  page,  and  the  entire  work  will  extend 
to  about  12,500  pages.  It  is  expected  that  ten  yean 
more  will  be  required  for  its  completion. 

"Manders,"  that  charming  novel  by  Mr.  Elwyn  Bar- 
ren, the  English  edition  of  which  was  reviewed  by  us  a 
year  or  so  ago,  has  just  been  republished  in  this  country 
by  Messrs.  L.  C.  Page  &  Co.,  and  we  bespeak  for  it  a 
cordial  reception.  It  is  much  the  best  piece  of  literary 
work  that  Mr.  Barron  has  thus  far  done. 

The  University  of  Virginia  will  celebrate  the  fiftieth 
anniversary  of  Poe's  death  on  the  seventh  of  this  month 


by  unveiling  a  bust  of  the  poet  in  the  library  of  the 
University.  The  occasion  will  be  one  of  great  intrrot, 
and  visitors  from  many  parts  of  the  country  will  doubt- 
leu  respond  to  the  invitation  to  be  present.  1'oe  is 
distinctly  a  "live"  subject  at  present,  and  his  place 
among  our  greatest  writers  becomes  every  year  more 
and  more  firmly  assured. 

Messrs.  Curts  &  Jennings  are  the  publishers  of  a 
"Life  of  the  Seventh  Karl  of  Shaftesbury,"  by  Miss 
Jennie  M.  Bingham.  The  book  gives  us  a  simple  and 
interesting  account  of  how  the  famous  philanthropist 
••  abolished  child  slavery  in  the  mining  regions  of  En- 
gland, how  be  shortened  the  hours  of  labor  in  the 
factories, 'and  threw  the  broad  shield  of  British  law 
over  the  heads  of  hundreds  of  thousands  of  working 
people." 

Eleven  new  volumes  are  this  year  added  by  Messrs. 
T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  to  their  popular  "  Faience  "  edi- 
tions of  favorite  books.  No  less  than  seven  of  this  num- 
ber are  American  classics  recently  out  of  copyright, 
works  by  Hawthorne,  Emerson,  Holmes,  Curtis,  and 
Thoreau.  The  others  are  Mr.  Kipling's  "  Barrack-Room 
Ballads,"  M.  Rostand's  "Cyrano,"  Jean  de  la  Brete's 
"  My  Uncle  and  My  Curd,"  and  Souvestre's  "  Attic 
Philosopher." 

Clough  was  never  a  popular  poet,  and  it  is  a  little 
startling  to  receive  at  the  same  time  four  different  new 
editions  of  his  poetical  works.  A  brief  inspection  of 
the  volumes,  however,  clears  away  the  mystery,  for 
they  all  come  from  the  same  publisher  (Crowell)  ,  and 
are  all  paged  alike.  They  are,  in  fact,  the  same  book 
with  certain  variations  in  their  binding  and  other  me- 
chanical details.  There  is  an  excellent  memoir,  and 
the  price  is  low. 

It  is  extremely  doubtful  if  Mr.  Ruskin's  autobiog- 
raphy will  ever  be  completed  ;  but  possessors  of  the 
incomplete  third  volume  will  be  able  to  make  up  that 
volume,  probably.  Mr.  Allen,  the  publisher,  is  pre- 
paring with  this  object  a  new  edition  of  "  Dilecta " 
(which  consists  of  notes  supplementary  to  the  autobi- 
ography). Some  unpublished  material  intended  by 
Mr.  Ruskin  for  this  latter  work  will  be  included,  to- 
gether with  a  comprehensive  and  elaborate  index. 

The  "  Copley  "  series  is  the  title  given  to  a  new  col- 
lection of  works  of  standard  literature  now  in  course 
of  publication  by  Messrs.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  The 
distinctive  feature  of  this  series  is  provided  by  the  col- 
ored illustrations  which  adorn  them.  Eight  volumes 
have  now  been  published,  as  follows :  "  Cranford," 
by  Mrs.  Gaskell  ;  "  Prue  and  I,"  by  George  Will- 
iam Curtis ;  "  The  House  of  the  Seven  Gables,"  by 
Hawthorne  ;  "  The  Abbe  Constantin,"  by  M.  Hale'vy  ; 
"  Lucile,"  by  "  Owen  Meredith  "  ;  "  Barrack  -  Room 
Ballads,"  by  Mr.  Rudyard  Kipling  ;  and  Longfellow's 
"  Evangeline  "  and  "  Hiawatha." 

The  "  What  is  Worth  While  "  series  of  white  cov- 
ered booklets  published  by  Messrs.  T.  Y.  Crowell  & 
Co.  is  prettier  than  ever  this  year  with  its  columbine 
decorations.  Nineteen  new  numbers  of  this  series  have 
just  been  issued,  and  their  contents  are  of  varied  inter- 
cut, ranging  from  M.  Brunetiere's  lecture  on  '-Art  and 
Morality  "  to  "  Cheerfulness  as  a  Life  Power,"  by  Mr. 
O.  S.  Marden.  Two  or  three  of  the  more  serious  titles 
are  "The  Artistic  Ordering  of  Life,"  by  Dr.  Albert  S. 
Cook  ;  "The  Choice  of  a  College  for  a  Boy,1'  by  Dr. 
C.  F.  Tbwing ;  and  "  The  Trend  of  the  Century,"  by 
President  Low. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


249 


THE  SEASON'S  BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG. 

In  continuation  of  our  Announcement  List  of  Fall 
Books,  in  the  last  issue  of  THE  DIAL,  we  give  the  fol- 
lowing List  of  Forthcoming  Books  for  the  Youug. 

The  Golden  Age,  by  Kenneth  Grahame,  new  edition,  illus.  by 
M«xfield  Parrish,  $2.50.  —  Jack  of  All  Trades,  nonsense 
verses,  by  J.  J.  Bell,  illus.  by  Charles  Robinson,  $1.25. — 
Fables  of  La  Fontaine,  illus.  by  P.  J.  Billinghurst.  $1.50. 
— The  Suitors  of  Aprille,  a  fairy  tale,  by  Norman  Garstin, 
illus.  by  Charles  Robinson.  $1.50. —  Pierrette,  fairy  stories, 
by  Henry  De  Vere  Stacpoole.  illus  by  Charles  Robinson, 
$1.50.  —  Gulliver's  Travels,  illus.  by  Herbert  Cole,  $1.50. 
— Walter  Crane's  Toy  Books,  new  Tola.:  Bluebeard,  Sleep- 
ing Beauty,  and  Baby's  Own  Alphabet;  each  25  cts  ,  or 
the  3  in  1  vol.,  $1.25.  —The  Other  Side  of  the  Sun,  fairy 
tales,  by  Evelyn  Sharp,  illus.  by  Nellie  Syrett,  $1.50.  (John 
Lane. ) 

Plantation  Pageants,  by  Joel  Chandler  Harris,  illus.,  $2. — 
The  Book  of  Legends,  gathered  and  rewritten  by  Horace 
E.  Scudder,  with  frontispiece. —  Betty  Leicester's  English 
Christmas,  by  Sarah  Orne  Jewett,  illus.,  $1.  —  The  Boya 
of  Scrooby,  by  Ruth  Hall,  with  frontispiece.  $1.50. — The 
Little  Fig-  Tree  Stories,  by  Mary  Halluck  Foote.  illus.  — 
Nannie's  Happy  Childhood,  by  Caroline  Leslie  Field,  illus., 
$1. —  Dorothy  and  her  Friends,  by  Ellen  Olney  Kirk,  illus., 
$1.25. —  Under  the  Cactus  Flag,  a  story  of  life  in  Mexico, 
by  Nora  Archibald  Smith,  illus.,  $1.25. —  A  Jersey  Boy  in 
the  Revolution,  by  Everett  T.  Tomlinson,  illns.,  $1.50.— 
The  King's  Jester,  and  other  short  plays  for  small  stages, 
by  Caro  Atherton  Dugan.  —  A  Young  Savage,  by  Ljdia 
Farrington  Krause.  (Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.) 

The  Half- Back,  by  Ralph  Henry  Barbour,  illus.— The  Story 
of  Magellan,  by  Hf  zekiah  Butterworth,  illus. — The  Treas- 
ure Ship,  by  Hezekiah  Butterworth,  illus. —  Dewey  on  the 
Mississippi,  by  Rossiter  Johnson,  illus.  —  The  Book  of 
Knight  and  Barbara,  by  David  Starr  Jordan,  illus. — 
"  Home  -  Reading  .Books,"  new  vols.:  The  Story  of  the 
Fishes,  by  J.  N.  Baskett ;  The  Insect  World,  by  Clarence 
M.  Weed  ;  Harold's  Quests,  by  J.  W.  Troeger;  About  the 
Weather,  by  Mark  W.  Harrington  ;  The  Story  of  English 
Kings,  by  J.  J.  Burns ;  Chronicles  from  Froissart,  and 
Stories  from  the  Arabian  Nights,  by  Obdam  Singleton  ; 
The  Family  of  the  Sun.  and  Some  Great  Astronomers,  by 
Edward  S.  Holden  ;  each  illus.  ( D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

Gallant  Little  Patriots,  12  fac-similes  in  colors  of  water-color 
sketches  by  Maud  Humphrey,  $2. — Little  Heroes  and 
Heroines,  and  Little  Soldiers  and  Sailors,  each  containing 
6  drawings  from  "  Gallant  Little  Patriots,"  by  Maud  Hum- 
phrey, per  vol.,  $1.25.  —  The  Golf  Girl,"  4  facsimiles  of 
water-colors  by  Maud  Humphrey,  with  verses  by  Samuel 
Minturn  Peck,  $1.  —  Indian  Child  Life,  stories  of  Indian 
children,  by  E.  W.  Deming,  illus.  in  colors,  etc  ,  by  the 
author,  $2.  —  Little  Red  People,  and  Little  Indian  Folk, 
each  containing  one-half  of  "  Indian  Child  Life,"  by  E  W. 
Deming,  per  vol.,  $1.25.— The  Lively  City  o'Ligg,  modern 
fairy  tales  for  city  children,  by  Gelett  Burgess,  illus.  in 
colors,  etc  ,  by  the  author,  $1.50  — 'Jack  the  Young  Ranch- 
man, or  A  Boy's  Adventures  in  the  Rockies,  by  George 
Bird  Grinnell,  illus.,  $1.25. — Humorous  books  for  children, 
with  movable  pictures  in  colors,  by  Lot  bar  Meggendorfer, 
comprising:  Tricks  of  Naughty  Boys  ($2.50t,  The  Quii-k- 
Change  Artist  ($1.50),  and  Our  Aunts  ($1.50).  —A  No- 
body's Scrap  Book,  18  drawings  in  colors,  with  humorous 
verses,  by  Gordon  Browne,  $1.50. — The  Treasure  Seekers, 
by  E.  Nesbit.  illus.  by  Gordon  Browne,  $1.50. —  Loyal 
Hearts  and  True,  by  RuthOgden,  $1.50. — A  Little  Daugh- 
ter of  the  Revolution,  by  Miss  A.  C.  Sage,  illus.,  $1  50.— 
Trevelyan's  Little  Daughters,  by  Virna  Sheard,  illus.,  $1. 
—  The  i  -ittle  Panjandrum's  Dodo,  written  and  illus.  by 
G.  E.  Farrow,  $1.50.  (F.  A.  Stokes  Co.) 

Patience,  a  Daughter  of  the  Mayflower,  by  Elizabeth  W. 
Champney,  illus.,  $1.50.— Elsie  in  Florida,  by  Martha  Fin- 
ley,  illus.,  $1.25. —  Maigaret  Thorpe's  Trial,  by  Lucy  C. 
Lillie,  illus.,  $1.25.  —  Blue-Jackets  of  189S,  by  Willis  J. 
Abbott,  illus  ,  $1.50. — The  Heir  of  Sherburne.  by  Amanda 
M.  Douglas,  illus.,  $1.50.—  A  Little  Girl  in  Old  Philadel- 
phia, by  Amanda  M.  Douglas,  illus.,  $1.50.  (Dodd,  Mead 
&Co.) 

The  Brownies  Abroad,  by  Palmer  Cox,  illus.,  $1.50.  — The 
Dozen  from  Lakerim,  by  Rupert  Hughes,  illus.,  $1.50.— 
Quicksilver  Sue,  by  Laura  E.  Richards,  $1.— The  Story  of 
Betty,  by  Carolyn  Wells,  illus.,  $1.50.— St.  Nicholas  Christ- 
mas Book,  by  various  writers,  illus.,  $1.50.  (Century  Co.) 


Mother  Goose,  with  250  illustrations  by  F.  Opper,  $1.75.— 
Pike  and  Cutlass,  hero  tales  of  our  navy,  written  and  illus. 
by  George  Gibbs,  $1.50. — Miss  Vanity,  by  Amy  E.  Blanch- 
ard,  illus  ,  $1.25.  — My  Lady  Frivol,  by  Rosa  N.  Carey, 
illus.,  $1.25.  — The  Brahmin's  Treasure,  by  G.  A.  Henty, 
illus.,  $1.50. —  The  Young  Master  of  Hyson  Hall,  by  Frank 
R.  Stockton,  illus.,  $1.50. —  The  Spy  in  the  School,  by 
Andrew  Home,  illus.,  $1.25. —  Pilgrim's  Progress  for  the 
Young  Folks,  illus.,  $1.25.  —  Bimbi  Stories  for  Children, 
by  "Ouida,"  7  vols.,  each  60  cts. —  Lippincott's  Popular 
Books  tor  Boys,  by  well-known  writers,  10  vols.,  each 
illns..  $1.  (J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.) 

The  Red  Book  of  Animal  Stories,  edited  by  Andrew  Lang, 
illus.  by  H.  J.  Ford,  $2.  —  Yule  Tide  Yarns,  edited  by 
G.  A.  Henty,  illus.,  $1.50.— The  Prince's  Story  Book,  edited 
by  George  Lawrence  Gomme,  illus  ,  $2. —  The  Golliwoggin 
War,  illns.  in  colors  by  Florence  K.  Upton,  with  words  by 
Bertha  Upton,  $2.  (Longmans,  Gieen,  &  Co.) 

The  Square  Book  of  Animals,  drawings  in  colors  of  domestic 
animals,  by  William  Nicholson.  $1.50. — Songs  of  the  Shin- 
ing Way,  child  verse,  written  and  illus.  by  Sarah  Noble- 
Ives,  $1.25.  —  In  the  Deep  Woods,  a  continuation  of  the 
"Hoi  low  Tree  "stories,  by  A.  B.  Paine,  $1.25.— Acrobatic 
Animals,  comic  drawings  and  rhymes,  by  Frank  Yerbeck, 
$1.25. —  Animal  Jokes,  comic  drawings,  by  Mary  Bakt-r- 
Baker,  $1.25.— Katooticut,  by  C.  F.  Carter,  illus.  (R.  H. 
Russell.) 

The  Court  of  Boyville,  by  William  Allen  White,  illus.,  $1.25. 

—  We  Win.  life  and  adventures  of  a  young  railroader,  by 
Herbert  E.  Hamblen,  ilhis.,  $1.50. —  The  Boys'  Book  of 
Inventions,  by  Ray  S.  Baker,  illus.,  $2.— Cattle  Ranch  to 
College,  by  Russell  Doubleday,  illns.,  $1.50.    (Doubleday 
&  McClure  Co.) 

Boy  Life  on  the  Prairies,  by  Hamlin  Garland,  illns.  —  Jingle 
Book,  by  Carolyn  Wells,  illus.  by  Oliver  Herford.  —  Mrs. 
Leicester's  School,  by  Charles  and  Mary  Lamb,  illus.  in 
colors  by  Winifred  Green. —  The  Listening  Child,  a  selec- 
tion of  English  verse  for  children,  by  Lucy  W.  Thatcher, 
with  Introduction  by  Thomas  Wentworth  Higginson,  with 
frontispiece. — This  and  That,  a  tale  of  two  times,  by  Mrs. 
Molesworth,  illus  by  Hugh  Thomson.  —  "Stories  from 
Ampricnn  History"  series,  new  vol.:  Soldier  Rigdale,  by 
Beulah  Marie  Dix,  illus.,  $1.50. —  Stories  from  Froissait, 
edited  by  H.  Newbolt,  illus.  —  Ben  Comee,  a  tale  of  Rog- 
ers's  Rangers,  by  M.  J.  Canavan,  illus.  — Tell  Me  a  Story 
and  Other  Tales,  and  Rosy  and  Other  Tales,  by  Mrs. 
Molesworth,  new  editions,  each  illus.  (Macmillan  Co.) 

The  Adventures  of  a  Freshman,  by  Jesse  Lynch  Williams, 
illus.,  $1.25 — The  Fugitive,  by  John  R.  Spears,  illus., 
$1.50.— The  Land  of  the  Long  Night,  by  Paul  B.DnChaillu, 
illus.,  $2. —  Midshipman  Stuart,  or  The  Last  Cruise  of  the 
Essex,  a  tale  of  1812,  by  Kirk  Munroe,  illns.,  $1.25.— 
New  books  by  G.  A.  Henty :  A  Roving  Commission,  Won 
by  the  Sword,  and  No  Surrender;  each  illus.,  $1.50. — 
Songs  of  Childhood,  words  by  Eugene  Field,  music  by 
Reginald  De  Koven ;  and  The  Stevenson  Song  Book, 
music  by  various  composers ;  new  and  cheaper  editions, 
each  $1.  (Charles  Scribner's  Sons.) 

Old  Father  Gander,  rhymes  and  pictures  for  young  people, 
by  Walter  Scott  Howard,  illus.  in  colors,  $2. —  The  Crock 
of  Gold,  a  new  book  of  fairy  tales,  by  S.  Baring  Gould, 
illus  ,  $1  50. —  The  Voyage  of  the  Avenger,  in  the  Hays  of 
the  dashing  Drake,  by  Henry  St.  John,  illus.,  $1  50. — 
A  Child's  History  of  Spain,  by  Leonard  Williams,  with 
frontispiece,  75  cts. — "  Gift  Book  Series  for  Boys  and 
Girls."  new  vols.:  Little  Bermuda,  by  Maria  Louise  Pool ; 
The  Wild  Ruthvens,  a  home  study,  by  Curtis  York  ;  King 
Pippin,  by  Mrs.  Gerard  Ford ;  The  Adventures  of  a 
Siberian  Cub,  trans,  from  the  Russian  of  Slibitski  by 
Leon  Golschmann;  The  Woodranger,  by  G.  Waldo  Browne; 
each  illns.,  $1. — "  Cosy  Corner  Series,"  new  vols.:  Two 
Little  Knights  of  Kentucky,  by  Annie  Fellows-Johnston  ; 
Little  King  Davie.  by  Nellie  Hellis  ;  A  Little  Daughter 
of  Liberty,  by  Edith  Robinson;  each  illus.,  50  cts. 
(L.  C.  Page  &  Co.) 

The  True  Story  of  Lafayette,  the  Friend  of  America,  by 
ElbridgeS.  Brooks,  illus..  $1.50. — Captain  Kodak,  a  camera 
story,  by  Alexander  Black,  illus.,  $2.— In  Blue  and  White, 
a  story  of  the  American  Revolution,  by  Elbridge  S.  Brooks, 
illus.,  $1.50.  (Lothrop  Publishing  Co.) 

Of  Such  is  the  Kingdom,  stories  and  rhymes  for  children,  by 
Clara  Vawter.  illus.  by  Will  Vawter,  $1.25.— Young  Folks' 
History  of  Greece  and  Rome,  and  Young  Folks'  History  of 
the  Middle  Ages,  by  Elizabeth  J.  Cottin,  each  illus.,  75  cts. 

—  Century  Series  of  Readings,  Recitations,  and  Dialogues, 
5  vols.,  each  60  cts.     ( Bowen-Merrill  Co.) 


250 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  1, 


Historic  Americana,  by  Elbridg*  S.  Brooks,  ilia...  $1.50.- 
Helps  for  Ambitious  Boys,  by  William  Drysdale.  illus.. 
Si. 60. —  Robiusoa  Crusoe,  by  Daniel  De  Foe,  new  edition 
from  new  plates,  illus.,  (K)  cU. —  Swiss  Family  Robinson, 
by  J.  D.  and  J.  R.  Wyss,  new  edition  from  new  plates, 
illus.,  60  eta. —  Christmas  at  Deacon  Hackett's.  by  James 
Otis,  50  pts  —Strawberry  Hill,  by  Mrs.  C.  P.  Praaer, 
50  cts. —  Sunbeams  and  Moonbeams,  by  Louise  R.  Baker, 
60  cts.  ( T.  Y.  Cro well  &  Co. ) 

The  Island  Impossible,  by  Harriet  Morgan,  illus.,  $1.50.— 
A  Plower  of  the  Wilderness,  by  A.  G.  Plympton.  illus., 
$1.25. —  With  Fife  and  Drum  at  l/ouisbonrg.  by  J.  Mao- 
Donald  Oxley,  illus.,  $1.50.—  Madam  Mary  of  the  Zoo,  by 
Lily  P.  Wesselhoeft.  illus.,  tl  '25.—  The  boys  of  Marmiton 
Pr-tirie,  by  Gertrude  Smith,  illus..  $1.60.—  The  Young 
Puritans  in  Captivity,  by  Mary  P.  Wells  Smith,  illus., 
$1.25.—  Rob  aud  Kit,  by  the  author  of  "  Miss  Toosey's 
Mission."  illus..  $1. —  The  Boys  and  Girls  of  Brant  ham, 
by  Evelyn  Raymond,  illus..  $1.50.— The  Iron  Star,  by 
John  Preston  True,  illus  ,  $1.50. —  Plish  and  Plum,  and 
Max  and  Maurice,  bv  Wilhelm  Busch.  new  editions,  each 
illus.,  75  cts.—  Old- Fashioned  Fairv  Talcs,  and  Old  French 
Fairy  Tales,  by  Charles  Perrault,  Madame  D'Aulnoy,  and 
others,  2  vols.,  each  illus.,  $1.  (Little,  Brown,  A  Co.) 

Camping  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  or  On  the  Trail  of  the  Early 
Discoverers,  by  Everett  T.  Tomlinson.  illus.,  $1.50  —  An 
Undivided  Union,  by  "Oliver  Optic"  (W.  T.  Adams), 
completed  by  Edward  Stratemeyer,  illus.,  $1.50.  —  Under 
Otis  in  the  Philippines,  or  A  Young  Officer  in  the  Tropics, 
by  Edward  Stratemeyer.  illus.,  $1  25. —To  Alaska  for 
Gold,  or  The  Fortune  Hunters  of  the  Yukon,  by  Edward 
Stratemeyer,  illus..  $1.—  Henry  in  the  War,  or  The  Model 
Volunteer,  by  General  O  O.  Howard.  U  S.  A.,  illus..  $1/25. 
— Donald's  School  Da\ s,  by  General  O  O.  Howard.  U.S.  A., 
new  edition,  revised,  illus.,  $1.25  —  The  House  with  Sixty 
Closets,  by  Frank  Samuel  Child,  illus.,  $1.25.— Beck's 
Fortune,  a  story  of  school  and  seminary  life,  by  Adele  E. 
Thompson,  illus..  $1.50.  -  We  Four  Girls,  by  Mary  G. 
Darling,  illus.,  $1.25.  —  Told  under  the  Cherry  Trees,  by 
Grace  I/e  Baron,  illns.,  $1. —  Grant  Burton  the  Runaway, 
by  W.  Gordon  Parker,  illus.,  $1.25.  —  Wee  Lucy's  Secret, 
by  Sophie  May,  illus.,  75  cts.  (  Lee  &  Shepard.) 

A  Revolutionary  Maid,  by  Amy  E.  Blanchard,  illus.,  $1.50. 

—  Barbara's  Heritage,  or  Young  Americans  among  the  Old 
Italian  Masters,  by  D.  L.  Hoyt.  illus.,  $1  50.— The  Golden 
Talisman,  by  H.  Phelps  Whitniarsh,  illus.,  $1.50.  — The 
Queen's  Rangers,  by  Charles  Led yard  Norton,  illus.,  $1 .50. 

—  With  Perry  on  Lake  Erie,  a  tale  of  1812,  by  James  Oris, 
illus.,  $1.50.  —  Wheat  and  Huckleberries,  by  Mrs.  C.  M. 
Vaile.  illus..  $1.50.— The  Romance  of  Conquest,  by  Will- 
iam E.  Griffis,  illus.,  $1.50.     ( W.  A.  Wilde  &  Co.) 

The  Wonderful  Stories  of  Jane  and  John,  by  Gertrude  Smith, 
illus.  —  Spanish  Peggy,  a  story  of  young  Illinois,  by  Mary 
Hart  well  Catherwood,  illus.  ( H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.) 

Forward  March,  by  Kirk  Munroe,  illus.,  $1.25.  (Harper  & 
Brothers. ) 

Sleepy-Time  Stories,  by  Maud  B.  Booth  (\frs.  Ballingtnn 
Booth),  with  Preface  by  Chauncey  M.  Depew,  illns.  by 
Maud  Humphrey. —  The  Treasure  of  Mushroom  Rock,  by 
Sidford  F  H-mp.  illus.,  $1.50.— Tales  of  the  Heroic 
Ages,  by  Zenaide  A.  Ragozin,  Vol.  U.,  illns.,  $1  50. — 
Tales  of  King  Arthur  and  his  Knights  of  the  Round 
Table,  by  Margaret  Vere  Farrington,  illua.,  $1.50.  (G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons. ) 

Two  Wyoming  Girls,  by  Mrs.  Carrie  L.  Marshall,  illns., 
$1.25.— A  Maid  of  the  First  Century,  by  Lucy  Pouter 
Madison,  illus.,  $1.25. —  My  Lady  Barefoot,  by  Mrs. 
Evelyn  Raymond,  illus.,  $1.25.— The  Ferry  Maid  of  the 
Chattahoovhee,  by  Annie  M.  Barnes,  illim.,  $1.25.— Un- 
crowning a  King,  by  Edward  S  Ellis,  A.M.,  illns.,  $1.25. 

—  On  Woodcove   Island,   by   Elbridge  S.    Brooks,  illus., 
$1.25.— The   Young  Gold  Seekers,  by   Edward  S.  Ellis, 
A  M.,  illns.,   $1.25.— The  Story  of  the   ^Gneid.   by    Dr. 
Edward  Brooks,  A.M.,  illns.,  $1.25.  (Penn  Publishing  Co.) 

Tales  of  an  Old  Chateau,  by  Marguerite  Bouvet.  illns.—  On 
General  Thomas's  Staff,  by  Byron  A.  Dunn,  illus.,  $1.25. 
(A.  C.  McClurg  A  Co.) 

The  Pelican  Chorus,  and  other  verses,  by  Edward  Lear, 
illns.  in  colors,  etc..  by  L.  Leslie  Brooke,  $1.50.—  Stories 
from  Shakespeare,  by  M.  SurtoesTownsend,  illus  ,  $2.50. 
— My  Friend  Anne,  by  Jesse  Armstrong,  illus.,  $1.50  — 
The  Fortunes  of  Claude,  bv  Edgar  Picketing,  illns., 
$1  50.—  A  Chase  Around  the  World,  by  Robert  Overtoil, 
illns.,  $1.50.—  Prince  Cheery  Heart,  by  Norley  Chester, 
75  ota.—  Aunt  Louisa'a  Book  of  Animal  Stories,  by  Mrs. 
L.  Valentine,  50  cts.  (F.  Wane  A  Co.) 


Alice  in  Wonderland,  and  Through  the  Looking  Glass,  by 
Lewis  Carroll,  new  edition.  2  vols.,  illus.,  $3. —  The  True 
Mother  Goose,  the  true  text  without  abridgement  or  ad- 
dition, edited  and  illus.  by  Blanche  Mi-Manns.  $1.25.— 
Concerning  Teddy,  by  Mrs.  Murray  llicluon,  illus.,  $!.-'>. 
(M.  F.  Manhfield  A  A.  Wessels.) 

Remember  the  Maine,  by  Gordon  Stables,  illus.,  $1.25. — 
Stephen,  the  BU<-k.  by  Caroline  H.  Pemberton,  $1. — 
A  Sweet  Little  Maid,  by  Amy  E.  Blanchard,  illus.,  $1. 
(George  W.  Jacob*  A  Co.) 

Peggy,  by  Laura  E.  Richards,  illns.,  $1.25.— Two  Boys  of 
Hawaii,  by  G.  Waldo  Browne,  illus.,  $1.50.—  On  Fighting 
Decks  in  1H12,  by  F.  H.  CosUtlloe,  illus.,  $1.50  —  Little 
Folks'  Illustrated  Annual,  illus.,  *1.25.—  Little  Tong's 
Mission,  by  Miss  E.  B.  Barry,  illus.,  50  cts.— From  Me  to 
You  Painting  Books,  second  aud  third  series,  each  50  cts. 
(Dana  Estes  A  Co. ) 

Rupert's  Ambition,  by  Horatio  Alger.  Jr.,  illus.,  $1.25. — 
The  White  Beaver,  by  Harry  Cast  lemon,  illus..  $1.25. — 
The  Secret  of  Coffin  Island,  by  Edward  S.  Ellis,  illus., 
$1  25. —  Iron  Heart,  War  Chief  of  the  Iroquois,  by  Edward 
S.  Ellis,  illus.,  $1.25.  ( Henry  T.  Coates  A  Co.) 

Bo-Peep,  a  treasury  for  the  little  ones,  printed  and  illus.  in 
colon,  $1. — Little  Folks1  Christmas  Volume,  printed  and 
illns.  in  colors.  $1.25. —  Master  Charlie,  painter,  poet,  nov- 
elist, and  teacher,  with  numerous  examples  of  his  work, 
collected  by  C.  Harrison  and  S.  H.  Hamer,  illus.  in  colors, 
etc.,  $1.  (Cassell&Co.) 

Dorsey,  the  Young  Inventor,  by  Edward  S.  Ellis,  illus.,  $1.25. 
(Fords,  Howard.  A  Hulbert.) 

Adventures  in  Wallypugland,  by  G.  E.  Farrow,  illns.  by 
Alan  Wright,  $1.75.  (New  Amsterdam  Book  Co.) 

Two  Chums,  by  Minerva  Thorpe,  $1.     ( Laird  &  Lee.) 

Kipling  Boy  Stories,  illus.,  $1.     (Rand,  McNally  &  Co.) 

Fairy  Tales  from  Far  Japan,  trans,  by  Miss  Susan  Ballard, 
with  prefactory  note  by  Mrs.  Isabella  L.  Bishop,  illus., 
75  cts.—  The  Bishop's  Shadow,  by  Mrs.  I.  T.  Thnrston, 
illus.,  $1.25.— Little  King  D-tvie,  or  Kings  and  Priests 
unto  God,  by  Nellie  Hellis.  35  cts.— Three  Times  Three, 
by  Mrs.  G.  R.  Alden  ("Pansy"),  illus.,  50  cts.— Nine- 
teen Centuries  of  Missions,  a  handbook  for  young  people, 
by  Mrs.  W.  W.  Scudder.  with  Introduction  by  Rev.  F.  E. 
Clark,  D.  D. ,  50  cts.  ( F.  H.  Revell  Co. ) 

A  Pair  of  Pickles,  by  Evelyn  E.  Green,  illns.,  75  cts.— The 
Bordertown  Story  Tellers,  by  Hezekiah  Butterworth, 
illus  ,  $1.25.— Frank  Harding*,  by  Gordon  Stables,  M.D., 
illns.,  $1.50— Gerald  and  Dolly,  by  D'Esterre.  illns., 
$1.— In  the  Year  of  Waterloo,  by  O.  V.  Caine.  illus., 
$1  50. —  Little  Miss  Conceit,  by  Ellinor  Davenport  Ad-tms, 
illus.,  75  cts.—  The  Triangle,  by  Lena  Tomlinson,  illus., 
$1.  (A.  I.  Bradley  &  Co.) 

The  Captain  of  the  Cadets,  by  Mrs.  I.  T.  Thurston.  illns., 
$1  25.—  Professor  Pin.  bv  Mrs.  Frank  Lee,  illus  ,  $1.25.— 
Sunny  Hour  Series,  by  Mrs.  Anna  F.  B.  Bryant,  6  vols., 
illus.,  $1.50.  (The  Pilgrim  Press  ) 

Passion  and  Patience,  by  Janie  P.  Duggan.—  Hilltop  Farm, 
by  Sophie  B.  Titterington.  (Am.  Baptist  Publication 
Society. ) 

Character  and  Conduct,  talks  to  young  people,  by  George  M. 
Steele,  D.D.,  $1.  (Cnrts  &  Jennings.) 


TOPICS  IN  LiEADING  PERIODICALS. 

October.  1899. 

African  Big  Game  in  (he  16th  Century.    Pall  Noll. 
Alexander's  Death.     B.  I.  Wheeler.     Century. 
American  Language,  The.     William  Archer.     Pall  Mail. 
Army-Supply  Departments  in  the  Philippines.    Rev.  oj  Rev*. 
Cairo.     Frederic  C.  Penfield.     Century. 
Chinese  Daily  Life.    Joseph  K.  Goodrich.    Forum. 
Currency  Reform.  Present  Outlook  for.  C.  G.  Dawes.  Forum. 
Democracy,  our,  The  Flaw  in.    J.  N.  Lamed.     Atlantic. 
Dewey.  Admiral.     Theodore  Roosevelt.     McCiure. 
Dewey  as  National  Hero.    Hear- Admiral  Sampson.    Century. 
Dewey,  Homeward  Bound  with.  J.  L.  Stirkney.   MiCiure. 
Drew,  Mrs.  John,  Autobiographical  Sketch  of.     Scnbner. 
Dreyfus.  Alfred.     W.  T.  Stead.     Review  <j  Review*. 
Dreyfus  Trial.  The.    G.  W.  Steevens.    McCture. 
Education,  Secondary, Recent  Changes  in.  C.  W. Eliot.  Atlantic 
Elections  of  lr>99.    Julius  C.  Burrows.    Forum. 
England,  The  Road  to.    T.  W.  Higginaon.     Atlantic. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


251 


Four- Year  Period,  Passing  of.    George  Hempl.    Forum. 
Franklin  as  Politician  and  Diplomatist.    P.  L.  Ford.    Century. 
Germany,  Civil  Code  of.     Rudolph  Sohm.    Forum. 
Insects  of  Autumn.    Belle  S.  Cragin.    Lippincott. 
Japan,  Commercial.    Oscar  P.  Austin.    Forum. 
Labor  Legislation  in  France.     W.  B.  Scaife.     Forum. 
Language  as  Interpreter  of  Life.    B.  I.  Wheeler.    Atlantic. 
Light,  Letting  in  the.    Jacob  A.  Riis.    Atlantic. 
Liquid  Air.     Stephen  H.  Emmena.     Forum. 
Louisiana  Expansion  in  its  World  Aspect.    Atlantic. 
Mark  Twain.    Samuel  E.  Moffett.    McClure. 
Meredith,  George,  Novels  of.    Paul  E.  More.    Atlantic.   ' 
Morley,  John.     Century. 

National  Export  Exposition,  The.    Review  of  Reviews. 
"  National  Guard  "  Problem,  The.    J.  H.  Parker.  Forum. 
New  York,  Water-Front  of.    Jesse  L.  Williams.     Scribner. 
Nicaragua,  Our  Diplomatic  Relations  with.  Rev.  of  Reviews. 
Oliphant,  Mrs.,  Autobiography  of.   H.  W.  Preston.  Atlantic. 
"  Oregon's  "  Great  Voyage.    E.  W.  Eberle.     Century. 
Pacific  Coast,  Literature  of.    C.  H.  Shinn.    Forum. 
Paris  Congress  of  History  of  Religions.  T.Stanton.  Forum. 
Paris,  Literary  Landmarks  of.    Frederick  Lees.    Pall  Mall. 
Peace  Society,  The,  and  What  it  has  Accomplished. Pall  Mall. 
Peking,  Streets  of.    Eliza  R.  Scidmore.     Century. 
Pioneer  Boyhood,  A.    J.  B.  Pond.     Century. 
Prosperity,  The  New  Era  of .   T.L.James.  Rev.  of  Reviews. 
Rennes,  Am.  Cartoonist  at.    Homer  Davenport.    Rev.ofRevs. 
Roman  Chorus,  A.    M.  R.  Sauford.     Century. 
Russia,  England,  and  the  U.  S.    A.  Maurice  Low.    Forum. 
Scottish  Sport  and  Autumn  House  Parties.    Lippincott. 
Social  Progress  and  Race  Degeneration.  F.  A.  Fetter.  Forum. 
Sunday  Question,  The.    F.  W.  Farrar.    Forum. 
Sydney,  The  City  of.    Charles  Short.    Pall  Mall. 
Telephotography.    Dwight  E.  Elmendorf.     Scribner. 
Transvaal,  Relation  of  England  to.    J.  G.  Whiteley.   Forum. 
Tripoli,  Decatur's  Fight  at.    George  Gibbs.    Lippincott. 
Trusts,  The  Chicago  Conference  on.    Review  of  Reviews. 
United  States  and  Rome.    H.  D.  Sedgwick,  Jr.    Atlantic. 
Vaudeville  Theatre,  The.    E.  M.  Royle.    Scribntr. 
Von  Bunsen's  Recollections.    John  Bigelow.     Century. 
White  of  Selborne,  Home  of.    Mrs.  John  Lane.    Lippincott. 
Yacht,  The  Modern  Racing.    Ray  S.  Baker.    McClure. 
Zionism.    I.  Zangwill.    Lippincott. 


OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  184  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

Passages  from  the  Diaries  of  Mrs.  Philip  Lybbe  Powys, 
of  Hardwick  House,  Oxon,  A.  D.  1756  to  1808.  Edited  by 
Emily  J.  Climenson.  With  photogravure  portrait,  large 
8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  399.  Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.  85. 

The  Romancers  ("Les  Romanesques"):  A  Comedy.  By 
Edmond  Rostand;  authorized  translation  by  Mary  Hendee. 
24mo,  pp.  175.  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.  50  cts.  net. 

The  Authority  of  Criticism,  and  Other  Essays.  By  William 
P.  Trent.  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  291.  Charles  Scrib- 
ner's  Sons.  $1.50. 

Essays  in  Modernity :  Criticisms  and  Dialogues.  By  Francis 
Adams.  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  253.  John  Lane.  $1.50. 

Search-Light  Letters.  By  Robert  Grant.  12mo,  pp.  234. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $1.50. 

The  Art  of  Living.  By  Robert  Grant.  New  edition ;  12mo, 
pp.  318.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $1.50. 

A  Further  Study  of  the  Othello :  Have  We  Misunderstood 
Shakespeare's  Moor  ?  By  Welker  Given.  12mo,  uncut, 
pp.  337.  New  York :  The  Shakespeare  Press. 

Kiplingiana:  Biographical  and  Bibliographical  Notes  anent 
Rudyard  Kipling.  Illus.,  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  192. 
M.  F.  Mansfield  &  A.  Weasels.  $1.25. 

The  Mirror  of  Perfection:  Being  the  Oldest  Life  of  the 
Blessed  Francis  of  Assisi  by  his  Beloved  Disciple  Brother 
Leo.  Trans,  by  Sebastien  Evans  from  the  Latin  original 
recently  discovered  by  Paul  Sabatier.  With  frontispiece, 
18mo,  uncut,  pp.  232.  L.  C.  Page  &  Co.  75  cts. 


Studies  of  Great  Authors.  In  4  vols.,  comprising :  Philoso- 
phers and  Scientists,  Novelists,  Poets.  Historians  and 
Essayists.  By  various  writers.  16mo.  "  Warner  Classics." 
Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.  $2. 

Aucassin  and  Nicolette:  A  MS.  Song-Story  of  the  Twelfth 
Century.  Rendered  into  modern  French  by  Alexander 
Bida;  trans,  into  English  verse  and  prose  by  A.  Rodney 
Macdonough.  Illus.,  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  82.  Fords, 
Howard,  &  Hulbert.  $1. 

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Webster's  Collegiate  Dictionary.  Mainly  abridged  from 
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ford University  Press.  Paper,  90  cts. 

The  American  Jewish  Year  Book,  5660,  Sept.  5, 1899,  to 
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1899.] 


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AN  AMERICAN   CRUISER. 


Travels  and  Studies  in  the  Far  East.    By  Lieut.  JOHN  D.  FORD,  Fleet  Engineer  of  the  Pacific  Station, 
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1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


259 


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260 


THE    DIAL 


[Got.  1,  1899. 


Clarendon   Press  New  Publications. 


A  NOTABLE  WORK.— Just  Published:  Volume  II. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  NEW  WORLD  CALLED  AMERICA. 

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A  New  English  Dictionary  on  Historical  Principles. 

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Already  published :  Vols.  I.  and  II.,  by  Dr.  MURRAY  ;  Vol.  III.,  by  Dr.  MURRAY  and  Mr.  BRADLEY.    In  course  of 
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No.  S20.  OCT.  16,  1899.         Vol.  XXVII. 


CONTENTS. 


THE  NEW  PATRIOTIC  IMPULSE 


PAGE 

,  265 


THE    STUDY    OF    ENGLISH     IN     GERMANY. 

E.  Antrim 268 

MEMOIRS  OF  AN  AMERICAN  CITIZEN.  E.  G.  J.  269 

AN  ORIGINAL  ENGLISH   GRAMMAR.    Edward 

A.  Allen '.    .  272 

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ERATURE.   B.  A.  Hinsdale 275 

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—  Storr's  Life  and  Remains  of  the  Reverend  R.  H. 
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—  Recollections  and  memories  of  Old  Cambridge. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 282 

LITERARY  NOTES 283 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  283 


THE  NEW  PATRIOTIC  IMPULSE. 


A  great  deal  has  been  said,  during  the  past 
year,  about  the  rekindling  of  American  patriot- 
ism that  has  resulted  from  the  war  with  Spain 
and  its  sequelce.  We  are  once  more  a  united 
people,  and  we  stand  together  in  the  defence  of 
the  national  honor,  and  new  glories  have  been 
won  for  the  American  flag,  and  we  have  taken 
our  proper  place  among  the  great  powers,  and 
our  manifest  destiny  has  again  declared  itself 
in  the  impressive  deeds  by  which  the  triumph  of 
our  arms  has  been  accomplished.  The  changes 
have  been  rung  upon  all  the  familiar  phrases 
of  political  oratory,  gold  and  pinchbeck  alike, 
and  flamboyant  boastings  from  every  quarter 
of  the  land  have  convinced  men  only  too  wil- 
ling to  be  persuaded  that  our  feet  were  indeed 
planted  upon  "  glory-crowned  heights."  The 
emotions  to  which  explosive  vent  has  been  given 
are,  no  doubt,  sincere  enough  to  deserve  a  cer- 
tain measure  of  respect,  even  from  those  who 
know  how  hollow  in  reality  the  most  resonant 
phrases  may  be,  and  how  recklessly  the  political 
rhetorician  will  indulge  in  sentiments  to  which 
the  whole  tenor  of  his  career  gives  the  lie.  But 
thinking  men  have  never  been  content,  in 
America  or  elsewhere,  to  accept  at  their  face 
value  the  counters  of  the  politician.  As  was 
recently  said  in  "  The  Nation,"  "  in  the  case  of 
such  men,  the  proposed  sentiments  of  human- 
ity and  morality  really  count  for  nothing  at  all. 
They  regard  them  merely  as  mouth-filling 
phrases,  which  sound  well  and  please  their  con- 
stituents ;  and  never  dream  that  they  will  one 
day  return  to  plague  them,  or  that  anybody 
will  think  of  holding  them  to  their  own  pro- 
fessions." And  whether  such  sentiments  come 
from  some  high  official  like  the  war-lord  of 
Albany,  or  from  the  most  servile  henchman  of 
a  political  party  having  at  bottom  no  nobler 
motive  than  party  advantage  and  no  higher  aim 
than  plunder,  their  ring  is  false,  and  will  de- 
ceive only  those  who  wish  to  be  deceived. 

The  new  patriotic  impulse  to  which  we  here 
wish  to  call  attention  finds  no  illustrations  in 
the  noisy  plaudits  of  those  who  din  daily  into 
our  ears  the  catchwords  of  duty  and  destiny  — 
the  duty  of  advancing  civilization  by  fire  and 
sword,  the  destiny  which  may  only  be  asserted 
by  denying  to  alien  peoples  the  fundamental 


266 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


rights  of  man.  Rather  do  we  hear  through  all 
this  din  the  accents  of  a  still  small  voice  recall- 
ing to  us  that  our  true  duties  lie  close  at  hand, 
and  that  the  national  destinies  wrought  out  for 
us  by  Washington  and  Jefferson  and  Lincoln 
are  absolutely  incompatible  with  our  new- 
fangled dreams  of  empire.  And  because  this 
voice,  which  is  no  other  than  the  voice  of  the 
national  conscience,  has  not  breathed  out  its 
protest  unheeded,  but  has  found  so  many  fear- 
less spokesmen,  filled  with  passion  for  the  ideals 
that  all  true  Americans  have  cherished  hitherto, 
and  thrilling  with  indignation  at  the  present 
desecration  of  those  ideals,  it  has  seemed  to  us 
that  this  new  manifestation  of  the  spirit  of  the 
finer  patriotism  is  a  most  noteworthy  phenom- 
enon, not  to  be  paralleled  more  than  two  or 
three  times  in  the  whole  course  of  our  history. 
In  behalf  of  this  protest  against  the  abandon- 
ment of  the  principles  by  which  our  moral 
stature  as  a  nation  has  hitherto  been  deter- 
mined, there  has  been  enlisted,  in  the  words  of 
ex-Governor  George  S.  Boutwell,  "  an  array  of 
names  such  as  has  not  been  brought  together 
in  support  of  a  common  cause  since  the  signing 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence."  So  many 
are  these  names,  and  so  great  is  their  influence 
as  leaders  of  both  thought  and  action,  that  we 
shall  not  attempt  the  invidious  task  of  singling 
out  a  few  for  special  mention.  A  score  or  more 
of  them  will  occur  at  once  to  the  mind  of  any 
well-informed  reader,  and  every  fair  critic  must 
admit  that  they  represent  an  overwhelmning 
preponderance  of  the  intelligence  and  morality 
of  our  fellow-citizens. 

The  attempt  of  a  time-serving  press  to  attach 
to  these  names  the  stigma  of  treason  is  one  that 
falls  with  the  weight  of  its  own  absurdity.  This 
position  is  exactly  that  of  Chatham  and  Burke 
in  opposing  another  war  of  subjugation  over  a 
hundred  years  ago.  It  is  for  the  courage  of 
their  attitude  in  resisting  a  perverse  and  short- 
sighted colonial  policy  that  those  men  are  held 
in  the  highest  honor  by  Englishmen  and  Amer- 
icans alike.  The  verdict  of  history  metes  out 
even  justice  to  the  men  who  in  any  age  with- 
stand the  outbursts  of  popular  folly ;  and  who 
can  doubt  that,  in  our  own  present  case,  when 
"  the  tumult  and  the  shouting  dies,"  the  lead- 
ers who  now,  at  no  small  cost  of  temporary 
popularity,  stand  for  the  principles  of  the 
Fathers  of  our  Government,  and  speak  for 
•'  the  mighty  hopes  that  make  us  men  "  in  a 
sense  unknown  to  European  history,  will  be 
adjudged  by  no  remote  posterity  to  have  won 
for  themselves  a  crown  of  exceeding  great 


glory.  Whatever  may  be  the  outcome  of  the 
struggle  to  preserve  for  this  nation  the  ideals 
upon  which  its  true  grandeur  has  been  based 
—  whether  our  ship  of  state  reach  its  haven  or 
suffer  shipwreck  —  the  honor  of  these  men  is 
secure.  They  have  fought  the  good  fight,  and 
history  will  set  them  high  among  the  heroes  of 
our  race.  In  a  certain  sense,  the  judgment  of 
history  is  already  pronounced.  What  history 
says  of  any  age  is  determined  largely  by  what 
the  most  forceful  minds  of  that  age  have  said 
of  its  issues.  The  men  who  are  to-day  speak- 
ing to  us  with  the  authority  of  experience  and 
ripened  political  wisdom  are  the  men  to  whom 
the  historian  of  the  future  will  turn  for  light, 
just  as  we  now  turn  for  light  upon  the  history 
of  our  Revolutionary  struggle  to  the  living 
words  of  Burke  and  Chatham,  of  Washington 
and  Jefferson. 

These  considerations  bring  us  to  the  more 
special  subject  of  the  present  discussion.  We 
Americans  have  a  great  wealth  of  political  lit- 
erature, for  our  bent  toward  the  discussion  of 
problems  of  statecraft  is  as  marked  as  was  that 
of  the  Athenians.  Much  of  this  literature  is 
mere  volubility,  and  whatever  heat  it  once  had 
has  long  since  become  dissipated.  But  the  best 
of  this  literature  is  still  a  living  force,  for  it 
deals  with  the  most  vital  features  of  our  polity, 
and  its  interest  remains  perennial.  When  we 
survey  the  cherished  masterpieces  of  our  polit- 
ical writing  —  its  eloquent  oratory  and  its  calm 
intellectual  appeal  —  we  find  that  they  centre 
about  two  great  themes  —  the  struggle  for 
independence  and  a  national  union,  and  the 
struggle  to  preserve  that  union  and  make  it 
stand  for  freedom  in  the  largest  meaning,  for 
the  equality  of  all  men  in  the  sight  of  the  law. 
It  is  this  latter  aspect  of  the  secular  conflict 
which  now  again  confronts  us,  and  the  cause 
at  issue  makes  upon  us  a  demand  no  less  im- 
perious than  the  demand  that  was  made  upon 
an  earlier  generation  by  the  harsh  pretensions 
of  the  English  crown,  and  upon  a  later  one  by 
the  arrogant  pretensions  of  the  slave-owning 
oligarchy.  He  must  be  blind  indeed  who  does 
not  see  that  the  same  essential  principles  are 
now  again  at  stake,  and  that  the  outcome  of  the 
present  deplorable  situation  is  fraught  with  the 
same  enormous  possibilities  for  good  or  for  evil. 

In  this  serious  condition  of  affairs,  our  writers 
have  not  been  found  wanting,  and  it  is  with  the 
deepest  satisfaction  that  we  call  attention  to 
the  way  in  which  they  have  risen  to  the  high 
occasion  offered  them.  There  is  growing  up 
about  the  present  subject  of  contention  a  mass 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


of  literature  which  is  conceived  in  accordance 
with  the  noblest  traditions  of  American  thought. 
Even  in  mere  bulk  it  is  already  almost  com- 
parable with  the  literature  inspired  by  oppo- 
sition to  the  institution  of  slavery,  and  in  quality 
it  is  no  whit  inferior,  either  in  its  impassioned 
earnestness  or  in  its  deep  resolve  to  maintain 
to  the  death  those  standards  of  justice  and 
human  right  that  so  many  seem  now  to  be 
weakly  forsaking.  The  thought  which  infuses 
all  this  writing  is  indeed  that  which 

"  Bade  our  fathers'  souls  to  live, 
And  bids  the  dying  century  bloom  anew." 

It  is  the  thought  of  men  too  sturdy  in  their 
Americanism  to  be  swept  away  from  their 
moorings  by  the  gusts  of  partisan  folly,  and  too 
sure  that  they  are  right  to  be  influenced  by  any 
array  of  hostile  numbers.  It  is  the  thought 
of  men  each  one  of  whom  would  be  content  to 
stand  with  serene  conscience  an  Aihanasius 
contra  mundum,  each  one  of  whom  would  re- 
echo the  "  Ultima  Verba  "  of  Victor  Hugo, 

"Sans  cherchera  savoir  et  sans  considerer 
Si  quelqn'un  a  pli6  qu'on  aurait  era  plus  f erme, 
Et  si  plusieurs  s'en  vont  qui  devraient  demeurer." 

The  defenders  of  our  latter-day  imperialism 
have  not  yet  come  to  understand  the  temper 
of  this  opposition  to  their  reckless  course. 
They  treat  it  as  a  difference  of  opinion,  but  it 
is  nothing  of  the  sort.  Men  may  have  opinions 
about  such  matters  as  the  tariff  and  the  cur- 
rency, but  the  proposition  to  cast  aside  the 
doctrines  of  the  Constitution  and  the  Declara- 
tion, the  counsels  of  Washington  and  Lincoln, 
the  sanctions  of  free  government  that  have  been 
inculcated  upon  Americans  from  their  earliest 
childhood  —  this  proposition  runs  counter  to 
the  most  sacred  convictions  of  all  men  to  whom 
Americanism  is  more  than  an  empty  name. 

Let  us  enumerate  a  few  —  a  very  few  —  of 
the  writings  that  have  responded  to  this  wild 
onslaught  upon  the  principles  that  make  the 
American  name  dear  to  us.  There  are  the 
lectures  and  addresses  contained  in  President 
Jordan's  "Imperial  Democracy,"  a  volume 
which  is  a  complete  arsenal  of  fact  and  argu- 
ment. There  are  such  papers  as  "The  Present 
Crisis,"  by  Edwin  D.  Mead;  "Our  Nation's 
Peril,"  by  Dr.  Lewis  G.Janes;  "Imperialism, 
and  the  Tracks  of  Our  Forefathers,"  by  Mr. 
Charles  Francis  Adams;  "England  in  1776: 
America  in  1899,"  by  Mr.  William  M.  Salter  ; 
and  "  The  Conquest  of  the  United  States  by 
Spain,"  by  Professor  William  G.  Sumner. 
There  are  such  speeches  as  that  of  Senator 
Hoar  in  Congress,  of  Mr.  Carl  Schurz  before 
the  University  of  Chicago,  of  Professor  Charles 


Eliot  Norton  at  the  Ashfield  Dinner.  There 
are  such  fugitive  writings  as  the  "Open  Let- 
ter" from  ex-Senator  Henderson,  and  "The 
Philippine  Piracy,"  by  Professor  William 
James.  There  are  innumerable  other  contri- 
butions to  this  literature  of  protest  and  warn- 
ing, offered  by  such  men  as  President  Eliot, 
Professor  von  Hoist,  Bishop  Henry  C.  Potter, 
Bishop  John  L.  Spaulding,  Professor  Felix 
Adler,  and  the  Rev.  Henry  Van  Dyke.  Now, 
of  all  this  literature  it  is  not  enough  to  say 
that  it  cannot  be  ignored.  Much  of  it  is  so 
admirable  in  form,  besides  being  suffused  with 
the  lasting  qualities  of  fine  intelligence  and 
exalted  emotion,  that  it  is  sure  of  preserva- 
tion among  the  most  noteworthy  examples  of 
American  patriotic  eloquence.  The  future 
student  and  compiler  of  such  literature  will  be 
justified  in  placing  Senator  Hoar's  speech  of 
last  February  beside  Webster's  reply  to  Hayne, 
and  Professor  Sumner's  Phi  Beta  Kappa  ad- 
dress beside  the  finest  efforts  of  his  great  name- 
sake. One  reads  these  masterly  productions 
with  the  same  glow  of  feeling  that  is  inspired 
by  the  traditional  models  of  our  eloquence,  and 
the  youth  of  the  future  will  take  from  them  the 
same  contagion  of  enthusiasm  which  our  gene- 
ration has  caught  from  their  old-time  pro- 
totypes. Their  present  value  is  that  they 
strengthen  our  faith  in  the  potency  of  our 
cherished  ideals,  and  bid  us  take  heart  for  our 
country  however  dark  the  present  outlook. 
What  to  the  faint-hearted  may  seem  one  sweep- 
ing degringolade  of  principles  and  institutions 
cannot,  after  all,  be  a  reality  as  long  as  such 
voices  as  these  are  raised  to  recall  us  to  the  old 
paths  of  national  virtue  and  sobriety.  "  This 
spasm  of  folly  and  delusion  also,  in  my  judg- 
ment, will  surely  pass  by,"  are  among  the 
closing  words  of  Senator  Hoar's  memorable 
speech.  And  what  true  American  should  not 
be  proud  to  echo  the  words  that  follow: 
"  Whether  it  passes  by  or  not,  I  thank  God 
I  have  done  my  duty,  and  that  I  have  adhered 
to  the  great  doctrines  of  righteousness  and 
freedom,  which  I  learned  from  my  fathers, 
and  in  whose  service  my  life  has  been  spent." 
Such  a  literature  as  this  makes  us  almost 
glad  that  the  occasion  for  it  has  arisen.  The 
awakening  from  our  fancied  security  has  been 
rude,  and  the  perils  to  which  we  are  exposed 
have  become  imminent ;  but  we  now  know,  at 
least,  that  the  voices  that  were  raised  in  past 
crises  of  our  national  life  have  found  worthy 
successors,  and  that  the  torch  has  been  handed 
on  still  aflame.  The  poets,  indeed,  we  sadly 


268 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


miss,  for  we  know  with  what  prophetic  fire  our 
Whittier,  were  he  now  alive,  would  arouse  our 
sluggish  conscience,  and  our  Lowell  scourge 
with  the  scorpion  whip  of  his  indignation  the 
traduoers  of  our  national  character.  But  the 
words  of  the  poets  have  this  advantage  over 
all  common  words,  that  they  apply  to  other 
times  and  places  than  those  by  which  they  are 
immediately  occasioned,  and  neither  "  Ichabod" 
nor  the  "  Biglow  Papers  "  could  in  reality  be 
bettered  for  our  present  needs.  What,  in  fact, 
could  a  Lowell  now  say  that  would  be  more 
exactly  to  the  point  than  these  familiar  stanzas, 
and  the  note  by  which  they  are  supplemented  : 

"  We  were  gittin*  on  nicely  up  here  to  oar  village, 

With  good  old  idee*  o1  wut  '•  right  an*  wot  aint, 
We  kind  o'  thought  Christ  went  agin  war  an'  pillage, 
An'  thet  eppyletts  worn't  the  best  mark  of  a  saint ; 
Bat  John  P. 
Robinson  he 
Sex  this  kind  o1  thing  *s  an  exploded  idee. 

"  The  side  of  oar  country  mast  oilers  be  took, 

An1  President  Polk,  yoa  know,  he  is  oar  country. 
An*  the  angel  that  writes  all  oar  sins  in  a  book 
Puts  the  debit  to  him,  and  to  us  the  per  contry ; 
And  John  P. 
Robinson  he 
Sex  this  is  his  view  o'  the  thing  to  a  T." 

"  Our  country  is  bounded  on  the  north  and  the  south, 
on  the  east  and  the  west,  by  Justice,  and  when  she  over- 
steps that  invisible  boundary-line  by  so  much  as  a  hair's- 
breadth,  she  ceases  to  be  our  mother,  and  chooses  to  be 
looked  upon  quasi  noverca.  That  is  a  hard  choice  when 
our  earthly  love  of  country  calls  upon  us  to  tread  one 
path  and  our  duty  points  us  to  another.  We  most  make 
as  noble  and  becoming  an  election  as  did  Penelope  be- 
tween Icarius  and  Ulysses.  Veiling  our  faces,  we  must 
take  silently  the  hand  of  Duty  to  follow  her." 


THE  STUDY  OF  ENGLISH  IN 
GERMANY. 

Germany  has  done  more  to  promote  the  critical 
study  of  English  than  the  whole  Anglo-Saxon  race 
besides.  Hanover,  by  reason  of  her  political  rela- 
tions with  England,  and  of  the  rich  literary  gifts 
that  Goettingen  received  from  London,  made  the 
start.  The  first  German  professor  to  take  an 
interest  in  English  was  Hof  rath  Reuss,  the  Goettin- 
gen University  librarian,  who  in  1770  published  a 
book  on  the  living  writers  of  the  British  Isles  and 
America.  Somewhat  later  Boutewek,  a  Goettingen 
professor  of  philosophy,  wrote  a  work  on  Middle 
and  Modern  English  literature.  But  greater  than 
the  influence  of  these  two  professors  was  that  of 
the  celebrated  scholar  C.  Heyne,  perhaps  the  most 
distinguished  philologist  of  his  day.  His  influence, 
however,  was  not  direct,  bat  indirect  He  pre- 
pared the  way  by  applying  the  methods  which  have 
made  modern  philology  so  important  a  factor  in  uni- 
versity work.  Heyne's  successor  was  Benecke,  who 


became  a  Goettingen  professor  in  1805,  and  shares 
with  Lachmann  the  honor  of  having  made  Germany 
acquainted  with  the  poets  of  the  first  golden  age  of 
German  literature.  Although  professor  of  German, 
his  lectures  on  Spenser  and  Shakespeare  and  his  crit- 
ical work  in  Middle  English  show  him  to  have  been 
well  informed  in  both  English  literature  and  English 
philology.  His  students  were  so  eager  to  learn  En- 
glish that  they  did  not  object  to  meet  their  professor 
as  early  as  six  o'clock  in  the  morning. 

The  next  important  German  scholar  of  English 
was  W.  A.  von  Schlegel,  whose  translation  of 
Shakespeare  is  one  of  the  best  in  any  language. 
Since  his  day,  neither  the  German  Goethe  nor 
Schiller  heads  the  long  list  of  dramatists  whose 
works  constitute  the  repertoire  of  the  royal  theatres 
of  Germany,  but  the  English  Shakespeare.  Schle- 
gel's  epoch-making  lectures  on  dramatic  art,  which 
brought  him  a  call  to  the  newly  founded  university 
of  Bonn,  were  directly  translated  into  English,  and 
were  made  by  Coleridge,  sometime  student  of 
Goettingen,  the  basis  of  a  new  Shakespearian  criti- 
cism. From  the  time  of  Schlegel  to  1872,  which  may 
be  considered  the  beginning  of  the  present  import- 
ant period  of  the  study  of  English  in  Germany, 
most  of  the  professors  who  worked  particularly 
with  literature  gave  their  time  to  Shakespeare. 
The  first  of  this  long  list  of  critics  is  Huber,  well 
known  as  author  of  "  English  Universities."  In 
the  thirties  he  lectured  in  Marburg  on  Shakespeare ; 
and  in  the  forties  he  delivered  in  Berlin,  to  which 
University  he  had  been  called,  the  first  course  of 
German  lectures  ever  delivered  on  Chaucer.  Near 
the  close  of  the  first  half  of  this  century  there 
appeared  Gervinus's  great  work  on  Shakespeare,  a 
work  which  first  applied  the  methods  that  character- 
ize German  critical  contributions  to  English  litera- 
ture. Other  names  worthy  of  mention  here  are 
Hattner,  Herrig,  Keller,  Vischer,  Rapp,  Wolf,  Ulrici, 
and  Flathe,  all  of  whom  gave  more  attention  to 
Shakespeare  than  to  any  other  English  author. 

The  father  of  German  as  well  as  of  English 
philology  was  Jacob  Grimm.  His  grammar,  which 
appeared  in  1819,  may  be  regarded  as  one  of  the 
greatest  contributions  to  modern  philology.  Al- 
though the  first  important  contribution  to  Teutonic 
philology,  its  fourth  volume,  "  Teutonic  Syntax," 
remains  to-day  the  only  comprehensive  work  on 
the  subject,  and  will  hold  its  place  until  the  appear- 
ance of  Roethe's  new  edition  of  the  same  and  the 
completion  of  Wilmann's  German  grammar.  Pro- 
fessor Schmid  of  Jena  studied  Grimm's  grammar 
five  years,  and  then  published,  in  1832,  the  ••  Old 
English  Laws."  The  long  list  of  professors  who 
based  their  investigations  on  the  results  of  Grimm 
worked  with  Old  English  in  general  and  "  Beowulf" 
in  particular.  The  most  important  of  this  list  are 
Leo  and  Ettmueller,  well  known  to  scholars  of  En- 
glish philology.  Somewhat  later,  we  have  Grein, 
Muellenhoff,  Delius,  Maetzner,  Koch,  and  Heyne. 
Of  these  six  celebrated  philologists,  all  of  whose 
works  are  indispensable  to-day,  Dr.  Heyne,  pro- 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


269 


fessor  of  Teutonic  philology  at  Gottingen,  is  the 
only  one  living.  His  valuable  text-books  in  several 
of  the  Teutonic  languages  have  made  him  as  famil- 
iar to  the  American  and  English  student  of  modern 
philology  as  he  is  to  the  German  student. 

Until  1872,  English  literature  and  English  phi- 
lology were  separate.  A  professor  gave  his  time 
either  to  the  one  or  the  other.  It  would  be  difficult 
to  find  a  man  who  made  valuable  contributions  to 
both.  Then,  too,  English  philology  and  literature 
were  combined  either  with  Teutonic  philology  and 
literature  or  with  Romance  philology  and  literature. 
In  1872  Strassburg  was  opened  and  the  first  chair 
of  English  was  endowed.  The  other  larger  uni- 
versities followed,  and  to-day  nearly  all  the  German 
academic  institutions  have  chairs  of  English.  In 
1873  Ten  Brink  was  called  from  Marburg  to 
Strassburg,  where  he  filled  the  chair  of  English 
until  his  death,  five  years  ago.  Ten  Brink  and 
his  great  contemporary  Zupitza  (who  began  as 
classical  philologist  and  "  Germanist,"  and  held 
the  chair  of  English  in  Berlin  from  1876  to  1895, 
the  year  of  his  death)  did  more  to  advance  the 
study  of  English  than  any  other  German  scholars. 
Many  well-known  philologists  in  Germany,  as  well 
as  in  England  and  America,  owe  the  inspiration 
they  received  to  these  two  men.  Ten  Brink  did 
the  Anglo-Saxon  race  a  great  service  by  his  import- 
ant contributions  to  English  criticism,  and  Zupitza 
will  be  remembered  as  one  of  the  great  scholars  in 
Old  and  Middle  English.  Zupitza  was  the  first 
German  to  assist  the  Early  English  Text  Society. 
Important  contemporaries  of  these  two  men  were 
Barnay,  EIze,  Mall,  and  Schipper. 

The  past  decade  marks  a  great  period  in  the 
German  study  of  English.  German  scholars  are 
applying  to  English,  more  assiduously  than  ever, 
the  methods  that  have  made  German  what  it  is. 
The  men  who  are  doing  the  English  work  to-day 
are  Wuelker  and  Sievers  of  Leipsic,  Brandl  of 
Berlin,  Schipper  of  Vienna,  Morsbach  of  Goettin- 
gen,  Koeppel  of  Strassburg,  Trautmann  of  Bonn, 
Koelbing  of  Breslau,  Sarrazin  of  Kiel,  and  Victor 
of  Marburg.  Of  these  scholars,  Sievers  and  Mors- 
bach are  the  greatest  philologists.  The  former's 
Old  English  grammar  and  the  latter's  Middle 
English  grammar,  have  revolutionized  the  study  of 
the  first  two  periods  of  English  philology.  Trautmann 
and  Vietor  are  particularly  known  because  of  their 
work  in  phonetics.  Sarrazin,  Koeppel,  and  Brandl 
have  made  very  important  contributions  to  English 
criticism.  Schipper  is  the  greatest  authority  on 
English  metre.  Wuelker  as  editor  of  "  Anglia  " 
and  Koelbing  as  editor  of  "  Englische  Studien " 
have  worked  in  both  English  philology  and  English 
literature. 

Both  England  and  America  learned  from  Ger- 
many how  to  study  scientifically  their  mother 
tongue,  and  it  is  a  pleasing  fact  that  Germany  is 
making  such  rapid  progress  in  her  investigations 
in  the  greatest  of  modern  languages  and  richest 
of  modern  literatures.  E.  I.  ANTRIM. 


MEMOIRS  OF  AN  AMERICAN  CITIZEN.* 


The  name  of  John  Murray  Forbes  is  not  so 
familiar  to  his  countrymen  at  large  as  it  ought 
to  be,  or  as  it  would  be  had  his  great  public 
services  been  coupled  with  official  position. 
The  part  played  by  Mr.  Forbes  in  public  affairs, 
especially  during  the  period  of  the  Civil  War, 
was  an  important  and  effective  one;  but  he 
never  held,  nor  sought,  political  office.  What 
he  did  for  his  country  he  did  as  a  private  citi- 
zen, and  in  the  most  private  way  possible  ;  his 
maxim  being,  "  Never  mind  who  does  it  or  gets 
the  credit  for  it,  so  long  as  the  thing  is  done." 
Political  ambition  can  hardly,  in  a  republic, 
be  accounted  an  alloy  in  the  motives  that  impel 
a  man  to  serve  his  country ;  but  it  is,  never- 
theless, always  refreshing  to  meet  the  rarer,  or 
at  least  seemingly  rarer,  brand  of  patriotism 
that  neither  voter  nor  tax-payer  is  ever  ex- 
pected to  requite  or  pay  for. 

It  was  as  a  pioneer  and  manager  of  Western 
or  Middle- Western  railroads  that  Mr.  Forbes 
was  best  known  to  the  American  public.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  each  of  those  great 
lines,  the  Michigan  Central  and  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy.  Of  the  latter  company 
he  was  president  from  1878  to  1881,  and  he 
was  one  of  its  directors  from  1857  until  his 
death,  in  October,  1898.  The  earlier  years  of 
Mr.  Forbes's  business  career  were  spent  in 
China.  In  1837  he  returned  finally  to  America, 
and  established  himself  at  Boston  as  a  mer- 
chant in  the  China  trade.  In  view  of  his  sub- 
sequent field  of  commercial  operations,  a  letter 
of  his  (1836)  as  to  railway  investments  is 
amusing. 

"The  principal  object  of  the  present  is  to  request 
that  you  will  by  no  means  invest  any  funds  of  mine  in 
railway  stocks,  and  to  advise  you  to  keep  clear  of  them. 
I  have  good  reasons  to  believe,  from  all  I  can  learn  of 
the  English  railways,  that  ours  will  prove  a  failure  after 
the  first  few  years;  the  wear  and  tear  proves  ruinous. 
At  any  rate,  keep  clear  of  them." 

Ten  years  later  we  find  Mr.  Forbes  embarking 
cautiously  on  his  first  railway  venture  —  the 
purchase,  with  several  copartners,  among  them 
Erastus  Corning,  from  the  State  of  Michigan 
of  its  quarter-built  road  (the  germ  of  the  future 
Michigan  Central)  at  seventy-five  cents  on  the 
dollar.  Writing  in  1884  of  these  early  opera- 
tions, Mr.  Forbes  says : 

*LETTEKS  AND  RECOLLECTIONS  OF  JOHN  MURKAT  FORBES. 
Edited  by  his  daughter,  Sarah  F.  Hughes.  In  two  volumes, 
with  portraits.  Boston :  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 


270 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


"  Like  a  young  bear,  with  all  my  troubles  before  me, 
I  had  plunged  into  the  railroad  vortex,  aud  on  June  11, 
1847,  I  find  by  my  letter-books  that  I  was  at  Milwau- 
kee with  the  other  Michigan  Central  directors,  we 
having  decided  to  take  our  road  round  to  Chicago, 
instead  of  trusting  to  New  Buffalo  and  water  carriage 
on  the  lake  for  our  Western  outlet.  It  was  oo  this  trip 
that  W.  B.  Ogden  drove  us  about  Chicago  and  tried  to 
coax  us  into  rapid  action  by  offering  us  land  in  that  city, 
for  which  he  was  the  selling  agent,  at  low  prices.  The 
land  below  the  harbor  on  the  lake  was  then  a  sand-drift 
and  might  have  been  bought  very  low,  but  the  cheapest 
purchases  would  have  been  the  wet  prairie  lands  within 
a  mile  of  the  hotel  where  we  stopped,  which  were  offered 
ns  at  $1.25  per  acre.  Sheltered  by  our  absurd  preju- 
dices against  laud,  we  were  proof  against  Ogden's 
seductions,  and  I  do  not  think  any  of  us  ever  bought  a 
foot  of  land  in  Chicago  for  ourselves  while  the  road  was 
in  course  of  construction.  My  hotel  bill  of  8125  would 
have  bought  100  acres,  now  worth  98,000,000  to 
$12,000,000." 

In  1852  Mr.  Forbes,  still  busy  with  the 
Michigan  Central,  and  also  with  the  small 
roads  forming  the  embryo  of  the  future  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  and  Quincy,  had  undertaken 
the  "  very  trying  enterprise  of  building  the 
Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph  road,  to  connect  the 
Mississippi  and  Missouri  rivers."  Possibly  too 
intent,  up  to  1856,  on  the  management  of  the 
Michigan  Central  (the  presidency  of  which  he 
resigned  in  1857),  Mr.  Forbes  does  not  seem 
to  have  foreseen  the  impending  financial  crash 
of  1857,  largely  due  to  the  overbuilding  of 
Western  railroads.  About  the  middle  of  Sep- 
tember the  storm  struck  Boston,  as  may  be 
gathered  from  Mr.  Forbes's  letter  to  a  foreign 
correspondent,  September  28,  1857. 

"  We  are  in  such  a  crisis  here  as  only  those  who  went 
through  1837  can  conceive  of.  ...  New  York  Central 
has  run  down  from  87  to  55,  and  Michigan  Central 
from  95  to  45,  while  the  weaker  concerns  are  clear  out 
of  sight  —  Erie  10,  Southern  Michigan  10-15.  Having 
taken  in  sail,  not  expecting  a  storm,  but  out  of  pure 
laziness,  I  am  very  easy  unless  other  people  swamp  me." 

In  the  following  month  Mr.  Forbes  went  to 
London  and  secured  a  loan,  on  onerous  terms, 
of  two  million  dollars  to  fend  off  the  threatened 
bankruptcy  of  the  Michigan  Central.  His  own 
view  of  the  policy  which  had  gotten  the  road 
in  straits  was  as  follows : 

"  Somehow  the  directors  had  taken  the  view  that  the 
high  rates  for  money  in  the  streets  were  only  tempo- 
rary; and  so  for  the  needful  construction  and  other 
outlays  they  had  allowed  the  company  to  incur  a  heavy 
floating  debt  instead  of  selling  stock  and  bonds  to  meet 
their  outlays." 

The  Michigan  Central  shortly  afterward 
passed  into  New  York  hands,  and  Mr.  Forbes 
sold  out  his  interest  therein  at  a  very  moderate 
profit,  his  real  gain  being  that  fund  of  ex- 
perience which  was  to  prove  so  valuable  to  the 


then  rapidly  developing  Chicago,  Burlington 
and  Quincy  road.  As  a  manager  of  great 
business  enterprises,  Mr.  Forbes  was  well  char- 
acterized by  a  former  partner  in  China. 

'•  He  never  seemed  to  me  a  man  of  acquisitiveness, 
but  very  distinctly  one  of  constructiveness.  His  wealth 
was  only  an  incident.  I  have  seen  many  occasions  when 
much  more  money  might  have  been  made  by  him  in 
some  business  transaction  but  for  this  dominant  passion 
for  building  up  things.  The  good,  also,  which  he  an- 
ticipated for  workmen  and  settlers  through  opening  up 
the  country  always  weighed  much  with  him." 

Mr.  Forbes's  absorbing  interest  in  politics 
began  and  grew  with  the  slavery  controversy. 
Prior  to  1850  he  was  a  Whig.  But  in  that 
year  Webster's  Fugitive  Slave  Law  speech 
gave  a  sharp  turn  to  the  current  of  his  political 
thought,  and  he  gave  up  his  old  party,  becom- 
ing a  Republican,  or  "  Free-Soiler,"  with  abo- 
litionist leanings,  which,  with  the  progress  of 
the  war,  took  shape  in  his  ardent  and  effective 
advocacy  of  the  emancipation  measure.  In 
1859  he  entertained  over  night  at  his  Milton 
home  a  notable  visitor  —  none  other  than  John 
Brown  of  Ossawattomie,  already  under  the  ban 
of  the  law  and  of  a  large  and  violent  section  of 
opinion.  Mr.  Forbes's  account  of  his  guest  is 
interesting. 

««  Captain  Brown  was  a  grim,  farmer-like  looking 
man  with  a  long  gray  beard  and  glittering  gray-blue 
eyes  which  seemed  to  me  to  have  a  little  touch  of 
insanity  in  them.  I  did  all  I  could  to  draw  the  old 
mau  out  and  make  him  talk,  first  politics  and  then 
about  bis  adventures  in  Kansas.  He  repelled,  almost 
with  scorn,  my  suggestion  that  firmness  at  the  ballot- 
box  by  the  North  and  West  might  avert  the  storm ;  and 
said  it  had  passed  the  stage  of  ballots,  and  that  nothing 
but  bullets  would  settle  it  now.  .  .  .  Leading  him  back 
into  Kansas  by  asking  him  about  the  battle  of  Ossawat- 
tomie, he  replied,  in  his  jerky  way  of  throwing  out  his 
words,  'That  wasn't  any  battlel  'twas  all  on  one  side'; 
and  then  he  told  me  that  on  that  day  he  had  been  roused 
by  having  his  son  killed  by  the  Missouri  border  ruffians, 
and  another  son  dragged  at  their  horses'  heels  all  day 
in  the  sun,  until  he  was  nearly  frantic ;  he  had  raised  a 
small  force  (I  think  only  thirty)  to  watch  the  invaders, 
and  perhaps  get  a  chance  to  strike  a  blow  at  them. 
Waiting  on  the  edge  of  a  large  swamp,  through  which 
he  could  at  any  time  retreat,  be  saw  the  enemy  coming 
along  careless  and  confident.  '  How  many,  Captain 
Brown?'  'Wai,  they  said  there  was  270  of  them.' 
When  they  were  at  close  range  his  little  band  poured 
in  a  volley,  and  they  completely  lost  their  heads,  while 
be  repeated  the  attack.  At  last  they  realized  how 
small  the  Free-Soil  force  was  and  made  a  serious  at- 
tempt to  attack  it,  and  then  Captain  Brown  just  scuttled 
off  through  the  swamp  without  much  or  any  loss.  '  How 
many  did  you  kill  ? '  we  asked.  '  Wai,  they  said  we 
hurt  seventy  of  'em.'  .  .  .  The  Captain  had  to  go  to 
town  by  the  earliest  train.  .  .  .  When  our  parlor  girl 
got  up  early  to  open  the  bouse,  she  was  startled  by 
finding  the  grim  old  soldier  sitting  bolt  upright  in  the 
front  entry,  fast  asleep;  and  when  her  light  awoke  him 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


271 


he  sprang  up  and  put  his  hand  into  his  breast-pocket, 
where  I  have  no  doubt  his  habit  of  danger  led  him  to 
carry  a  revolver." 

Some  six  months  later  came  John  Brown's 
capture  at  Harper's  Ferry  and  its  tragic  sequel. 

As  a  presidential  Elector  -  at  -  large,  Mr. 
Forbes  signed  the  certificate  of  his  State's 
election  of  Lincoln  in  1861.  What  he  then 
thought  of  the  successful  candidate  appears 
in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Senior. 

"  From  such  of  them  [Lincoln's  speeches]  as  I  have 
read,  I  get  the  idea  that  he  is  an  earnest,  rough,  quick- 
witted man, —  persistent  and  determined,  half  educated, 
but  self-reliant  and  self-taught.  .  .  .  Those  who  know 
him  assure  me  that  he  is  honest  and  straight-forward 
and  owned  by  no  clique  of  hackneyed  politicians." 

How  late  it  was  before  Lincoln's  greatness  was 
really  recognized  even  by  those  who  thought 
and  acted  with  him  politically,  we  know;  and 
let  us  turn  here,  as  to  an  interesting  freak  of 
contemporary  opinion,  to  an  extract  from  a 
letter  (1862)  from  Mr.  W.  P.  Fessenden  to 
Mr.  Forbes,  which  now  reads,  in  the  light  of 
the  easy  wisdom  that  comes  after  the  event, 
almost  like  a  sort  of  blasphemy. 

"You  cannot  change  the  President's  character  or 
conduct,  unfortunately;  he  remained  long  enough  at 
Springfield,  surrounded  by  toadies  and  office-seekers,  to 
persuade  himself  that  he  was  specially  chosen  by  the 
Almighty  for  this  great  crisis,  and  well-chosen.  This 
conceit  has  not  yet  been  beaten  out  of  him,  and  until  it 
is,  no  human  wisdom  can  be  of  much  avail." 

An  interesting  opinion  of  Lincoln  and  his 
policy  is  found  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Forbes  (1883) 
of  the  former  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
G.  V.  Fox. 

"  His  playing  with  '  peace  negotiations  '  in  1864  was 
a  repetition  of  that  profound  and  secretive  policy  which 
marked  his  course  with  regard  to  Fort  Sumter  in  1861. 
Many  of  the  leaders,  even  those  close  to  him,  thought 
him  to  be  a  <  simple-minded  man.'  He  was  the  deepest, 
the  closest,  the  cutest,  and  the  most  ambitious  man 
American  politics  has  produced." 

While  Mr.  Forbes  seems  not  to  have  quite 
appreciated  or  done  justice  to  Mr.  Lincoln's 
character  and  abilities,  he  nevertheless  worked 
hard  for  his  reelection  in  1864  ;  and  apropos 
of  this  fact  a  characteristic  anecdote,  contrib- 
uted by  Mr.  Edward  Atkinson,  may  be  given. 

"  At  Mr.  Forbes's  instance  a  meeting  was  called  for 
the  purpose  of  raising  money  for  the  second  Lincoln 
campaign.  It  was  held  in  a  large  side  office,  of  which 
I  had  the  control.  Some  fifteen  or  twenty  men  came 
in.  After  the  hour  had  been  reached,  Mr.  Forbes  sug- 
gested to  me  to  lock  the  door,  and  we  looked  around 
the  meeting.  He  said,  '  How  much  is  this  meeting  good 
for?'  I  replied,  'About  twenty  thousand  dollars.' 
'  Well,'  said  he,  « don't  unlock  the  door  until  we  have 
got  it.'  The  matter  was  discussed,  and  in  his  usual 
manner  he  led  off  with  a  large  subscription,  and  before 
we  unlocked  the  door  we  had  twenty-three  thousand 


dollars.     He  always  led  on  any  line  that  he  thought 
others  should  follow." 

It  is  impossible  to  specify  fully  here  the 
many  good  works  done  by  Mr.  Forbes  for  the 
cause  he  had  so  deeply  at  heart  during  the  war. 
Head,  hand,  and  purse,  he  was  always  at  the 
service  of  his  country.  He  was  Governor 
Andrew's  unofficial  right-hand  man  and  confi- 
dential adviser,  taking  for  a  time  full  charge 
of  the  work  of  moving,  feeding,  and  clothing 
the  State  troops.  He  was  active  in  organizing 
the  Sanitary  Commission,  and  in  enlisting  the 
colored  troops  —  a  measure  which  he  strongly 
urged  upon  the  Government  as  the  logical  and 
expedient  sequel  of  emancipation.  He  wrote 
and  inspired  leaders  in  the  press,  and  was 
tireless  in  the  work  of  disseminating  right 
views  of  the  cause  and  the  aims  of  the  North, 
both  at  home  and  abroad.  He  was  in  close 
touch  and  constant  correspondence  with  the 
heads  of  the  departments  at  Washington,  who 
sought  his  advice  chiefly  in  matters  of  shipping 
and  finance.  It  is  hardly  too  much  to  say  that 
he  was  for  a  time  virtually  an  unofficial  or  ad- 
visory member  of  Mr.  Lincoln's  cabinet.  His 
philosophy  of  the  war  was,  as  may  be  gathered 
from  a  letter  to  Mr.  Lincoln  in  1863,  that  it 
was  fundamentally  a  struggle,  a  phase  of  the 
historic  and  enduring  struggle,  between  aris- 
tocracy (or,  better,  oligarchy)  and  democracy, 
the  originators  and  natural  supporters  of  seces- 
sion, the  planting  aristocracy  and  its  economic 
parasites,  numbering  in  the  insurgent  States 
about  28,000  persons,  out  of  a  total  of  5,000,000 
persons.  Said  Mr.  Forbes  : 

"  The  next  great  want  is  to  get  the  public  mind  of 
the  North,  and  of  such  part  of  the  South  as  you  can 
reach,  right  upon  the  true  issue  of  the  existing  struggle. 
.  .  .  Our  friends  abroad  see  it.  John  Bright  and  his 
glorious  baud  of  English  republicans  see  that  we  are 
fighting  for  democracy:  or  (to  get  rid  of  the  technical 
name)  for  liberal  institutions.  .  .  .  Our  enemies,  too, 
see  it  in  the  same  light.  The  aristocrats  and  the  despots 
of  the  Old  World  see  that  our  quarrel  is  that  of  the 
people  against  an  aristocracy.  .  .  .  My  suggestion, 
then,  is  that  you  should  seize  an  early  opportunity  to 
teach  your  great  audience  of  plain  people  that  the  war  is 
not  the  North  against  the  South,  but  the  people  against 
the  aristocrats.  .  .  .  Let  the  people  North  and  South 
see  this  line  clearly  defined  between  the  people  and  the 
aristocrats,  and  the  war  will  be  over." 

In  1863  Mr.  Forbes  was  sent  by  the  Federal 
Government  to  England  with  instructions  to 
block  (through  private  negotiations)  the  pro- 
gress or  change  the  destination  of  the  cruisers 
then  notoriously  building  in  English  shipyards 
for  the  use  of  the  Confederacy.  Credits  to  the 
amount  of  £1,000,000  sterling  were  placed  at 
his  disposal,  and  these  he  was  to  use  largely  at 


272 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


his  own  discretion.  Mr.  Forbes  failed,  as  we 
know,  to  purchase  or  to  secure  a  lien  upon  the 
cruisers,  according  to  his  specific  mandate  ;  but 
that  his  representations  to  prominent  English- 
men that  the  sailing  of  the  rams  (as  Mr.  Adams 
put  it)  •  •  meant  war  "  between  the  United  States 
and  England  eventually  went  far  in  accomplish- 
ing the  main  end  aimed  at,  there  is  good  evi- 
dence. While  in  England  Mr.  Forbes,  it  ap- 
pears, wrote  a  private  letter  to  Mr.  Rathbone, 
a  leading  Liverpool  merchant  and  member  of 
Parliament,  explicitly  stating  that  if  the  Laird 
rams  sailed  war  would  ensue.  What  followed 
is  related  by  Mr.  Rathbone  in  a  letter  of  1898. 
••I  went  straight  up  to  London,  saw  Mr.  Thomas 
Baring,  Mr.  Cobden,  Mr.  Forster,  and  others  at  *  break- 
fast for  the  purpose  at  Mr.  Baring's.  They  realized 
at  once  the  danger  of  the  crisis,  and  urged  me  to  see 
Lord  Palmerston.  I  was  perfectly  astonished  at  the 
ignorance  of  our  statesmen  generally,  and  of  Lord 
Palmerston  in  particular,  as  to  the  inevitable  effect  a 
maritime  war  would  have  on  a  commerce  like  ours.  .  .  . 
I  was  able  to  meet  all  Lord  Palmerston's  remarks  and 
suggestions  from  information  that  had  come  to  my 
knowledge  as  a  shipowner  and  a  very  close  student  of 
laws  bearing  upon  the  state  of  our  mercantile  marine. 
.  .  .  He  said  he  quite  realized  the  importance  of  the 
facts  I  had  laid  before  him,  and  listened  with  very 
great  patience;  and  when  I  had  concluded,  asked  me 
whether  there  were  any  other  points  which  I  wished  to 
suggest.  I  said  I  thought  I  bad  laid  before  him  suf- 
ficient to  show  that  the  sailing  of  the  <  rams '  meant  war 
with  America  and  the  destruction  of  our  mercantile 
marine.  Three  days  afterwards  the '  rams '  were  stopped, 
and  purchased  by  the  government.  .  .  .  And  I  have 
always  believed  that  the  Messrs.  Forbes's  letters  and 
Mr.  John  Forbes's  previous  exertions  in  favor  of  peace 
prevented  a  war  between  the  two  countries." 

Acknowledging  Mr.  Forbes's  services,  after 
the  termination  of  his  mission  to  England, 
Secretary  Welles  wrote : 

"Generously  refusing  all  compensation  for  your  per- 
sonal services,  you  in  a  great  emergency  promptly,  and 
with  much  inconvenience  to  yourselves,*  entered  with 
alacrity  upon  the  mission  confided  to  you,  and  the  de- 
partment has  reason  to  be  satisfied  with  the  intelligent 
and  judicious  manner  in  which  its  duties  were  dis- 
charged." 

The  foregoing  quotations  may  perhaps  serve 
to  measurably  justify  the  length  at  which  Mr. 
Forbes's  career  is  set  forth  in  the  two  well- 
made  and  impeccably  printed  volumes  from 
which  they  are  taken.  As  to  the  origin  and 
elements  of  the  volumes,  a  word  must  now  be 
said.  They  consist  largely,  as  the  title  implies, 
of  Mr.  Forbes's  correspondence  with  public 
men  on  public  questions  at  a  very  critical 
period  of  the  nation's  history.  They  thus  pos- 
sess an  interest  apart  from  and  perhaps  superior 

•  Mr.  W.  H.  Atpinwall  WM  Mr.  ForWs  able  and  patriotic 
colleague  in  the  English  mission. 


to  their  biographical  interest.  The  light  they 
occasionally  shed  on  the  characters  of  public 
men  of  the  day,  and  especially  on  the  opinions 
that  public  men  of  the  day  had  of  each  other's 
characters,  is  decidedly  useful.  The  autobio- 
graphical element  of  the  work  has  been  culled 
by  the  editor,  Mr.  Forbes's  daughter  and  the 
custodian  of  his  papers,  from  "a  couple  of  vol- 
umes of  reminiscences  of  his  life  "  composed 
twelve  years  ago.  The  editor,  who  has  done 
her  work  throughout  in  a  workmanlike  and 
tactful  way,  supplies  a  graceful  and  touching 
introductory  chapter  on  her  father's  habits  and 
characteristics.  "  I  publish  these  things,"  she 
adds  at  the  close  of  the  preface,  ••  as  the  record 
of  an  American  citizen  who,  keeping  himself 
in  the  background,  never  stinted  work,  or 
money,  or  service  of  any  sort,  for  the  country 
he  loved  so  well."  The  impression  to  be  gained 
from  these  volumes  of  the  sterling  character  of 
this  genial  and  public-spirited  citizen  forms  a 
valuable  acquisition  for  any  man.  "  He  was," 
as  his  friend  Emerson  said  of  him,  ••  an  Ameri- 
can to  be  proud  of."  £.  6.  J. 


AN  ORIGINAL,  ENGLISH  GRAMMAR.* 

Dr.  Oram  Lyte's  "  Advanced  Grammar  and 
Composition  "ought  to  please  the  class  of  teach- 
ers that  like  to  find  in  an  English  grammar  a 
little  of  everything.  Those  that  get  tired  of 
teaching  one  thing  at  a  time,  and  want  vari- 
ety, will  certainly  not  be  disappointed  in  this 
book.  Here  are  principles  of  grammar,  of  rhet- 
oric, of  composition,  including  "  Letter  Writ- 
ing, Narratives,  Biographical  and  Historical 
Sketches,  Descriptions,  Essays,  Debates,  Busi- 
ness Papers,  etc."  (see  Preface),  Etymology, 
History  of  the  English  Language,  False  Syn- 
tax, Punctuation,  Use  of  Capitals,  Rules  of 
Spelling,  Analysis,  Language  Tables,  Figures 
of  Speech,  Diaries  and  Journals,  Orations,  Pre- 
fixes, Suffixes  and  Roots,  Dialogues  and  Short 
Stories,  Mathematical  Constructions,  Poetical 
Constructions,  Abbreviated  and  Irregular  Con- 
structions, Miscellaneous  Subjects,  Miscellane- 
ous Notes,  and  —  no,  strangely  enough,  there 
is  nothing  on  Prosody. 

There  ought  not  to  be  any  demand  for  such 
a  hodge-podge,  except,  perhaps,  in  the  most 
remote  rural  districts.  Teachers  in  search  of 
"  constructive  work"  may  find  excellent  manuals 

•  ADVANCED  GRAMMAR  AND  COMPOSITION.    By  E.  Oram 
Ljte,  A.M.,  Ph.D.    New  York  :  The  American  Book  Co. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


273 


of  composition  suited  to  the  needs  of  pupils  of  all 
grades,  while  the  numerous  editions  of  English 
classics  which,  thanks  to  modern  pedagogy, 
every  publisher  of  school-books  is  sending  out, 
for  every  age  and  condition,  will  furnish  any 
variety  of  interesting  themes  and  material  for 
composition. 

The  study  of  English  grammar  must,  from 
the  nature  of  the  subject,  be  analytical.  It  is 
a  study  of  relation,  mainly  of  function.  The 
sentence  as  a  whole  is  known  and  understood 
long  before  the  pupil  is  able  to  grasp  the  gram- 
matical relation  of  its  parts ;  he  must,  there- 
fore, proceed  from  the  whole  to  its  parts,  and 
this  is  the  analytic  method.  In  the  study  of 
Latin  grammar  or  the  grammar  of  any  foreign 
tongue,  the  process  is  just  the  reverse ;  the 
pupil  proceeds  from  the  parts  to  the  whole, 
because  it  is  easier  to  comprehend  the  part  than 
the  whole,  and  the  synthetic  is,  of  course,  the 
right  method.  It  is  poor  pedagogy  that  would 
confound  the  two  things.  In  the  study  of  En- 
glish there  is  plenty  of  "  constructive  work  "  to 
be  done  outside  of  the  grammar. 

The  author  is  undoubtedly  right  when  he 
says  :  "  The  time  has  gone  by  when  the  study 
of  English  grammar  is  condemned  by  thought- 
ful teachers.  .  .  .  No  other  study  can  take  its 
place."  Only,  we  would  insist  that  it  be  gram- 
mar, and  not  something  else  in  grammar  cloth- 
ing. 

The  grammatical  part  of  this  book  proceeds 
in  an  orderly  way  as  far  as  page  52,  when  it 
is  interrupted  by  the  insertion  of  two  or  three 
pages  on  Letter  Writing,  and  is  again  resumed 
on  page  55.  If  the  book  were  intended  for  the 
use  of  American  schools  in  the  Philippines,  the 
following  paragraph  would  seem  to  be  more 
pertinent. 

"  How  do  letters  get  to  the  persons  for  whom  they 
are  intended  ?  Why  are  they  put  in  envelopes  ?  Why 
must  they  be  stamped  ?  What  is  the  value  of  the  stamp 
placed  on  an  envelope  ?  Where  is  it  put  ?  " 

But  as  the  author  assures  us  in  the  Preface 
that  the  book  "  is  intended  to  meet  the  require- 
ments of  high  schools,  normal  schools,  and 
academies,"  we  suggest  that  some  such  instruc- 
tion as  this  would  be  more  to  the  point : 

Always  enclose  a  stamp  except  in  love-letters. 
Do  n't  lick  the  corner  of  the  stamp  and  stick 
it  to  the  sheet  of  paper  on  which  you  write. 
The  enlightened  do  n't  do  that.  After  folding 
your  letter  put  the  stamp  in  loose.  No  person 
accustomed  to  receiving  letters  will  let  it  escape 
on  opening  the  letter.  If  you  have  only  two 
stamps  and  are  writing  to  your  teacher  for  your 


grades  or  a  testimonial,  don't  reserve  one  of 
the  stamps  in  order  to  thank  your  teacher.  That 
is  unnecessary.  Drop  the  stamp  in  your  first 
letter,  in  which  you  may  express  your  thanks 
in  advance.  The  government  has  not  yet  ex- 
tended the  franking  privilege  to  teachers,  and 
Boards  do  not  furnish  stamps. 

But  to  return  to  the  grammar.  It  would  be 
quite  impossible  to  point  out  all  the  errors  ; 
that  would  require  another  book.  We  must 
content  ourselves  with  a  few  samples  here  and 
there. 

Under  "  Verbals  used  as  adjectives,"  two 
examples  will  suffice : 

"2.  A  soldier  lay  dying.  3.  The  slate  used  for  roof- 
ing houses  is  a  kind  of  stone." 

Under  "  Verbals  used  as  Adverbs  ": 
"  3.  Hearing  a  noise,  I  looked  around." 

Comment  is  unnecessary. 

"271.  Some  clauses  have  only  two  essential  parts, 
the  subject  and  the  predicate.  They  are  called  abridged 
clauses.  Examples.  I  desire  him  to  go.  Spring  having 
come,  all  nature  is  clothed  in  beauty.  Let  him  go." 

This  seems  to  be  entirely  original. 

"  In  construing  hers  in  '  This  book  is  hers,'  supply 
book.  In  construing  yours  in  'Yours  is  lost,'  'This  is 
yours,'  supply  possession  or  property." 

Old-field  teachers  of  grammar,  if  there  are  any 
left,  will  be  delighted  with  this  reversion  to 
grammar  in  its  rudimentary  stage. 

One  of  the  special  features  of  the  work  to 
which  attention  is  invited  in  the  Preface  is : 

«'  9.  The  treatment  of  the  objective  case." 

Turning  to  the  Objective  Case  (p.  149),  we 
find  this  startling  statement : 

"  Nouns  and  pronouns  that  modify  verbs,  verbals, 
adjectives,  and  adverbs  are  called  the  objects  of  the 
words  that  they  modify." 

As  this  will  be  unintelligible  to  many  readers, 
an  illustration  is  here  given  from  another  part 
of  the  book : 

"Ago.  'She  died  eleven  years  ago ';  adv.  (Years, 
a.  o.  of  ago).  « He  staid  till  a  few  minutes  ago ';  obj. 
of  till.  (Minutes,  a.  o.  of  ago.)  " 

The  reader  may  like  to  know  that  a.  o.  stands 

for  adverbial  object. 

Returning  now  to  p.  157,  we  read : 
"  Rule  7.    A  noun  or  a  pronoun  used  as  the  adverbial 

object  of  a  verb,  a  verbal,  an  adjective,  or  an  adverb, 

is  in  the  objective  case." 

Here  is  another  dash  of  originality,  unintel- 
ligible, to  the  reviewer  at  least : 

"  In  '  The  Cretans  were  believed  to  be  liars,'  the 
form  of  were  believed  is  determined  by  the  subject  of 
the  abridged  clause.  Cretans  may  therefore  be  called 
the  subject  of  were  believed,  though  it  is  not  the  entire 
subject." 


274 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


What  is  lacking?  And  where  is  the  clause? 
Any  pupil  who  has  passed  into  the  high  school 
should  know  it  is  the  predicate,  rather  than  the 
subject,  that  is  made  complete  by  the  infinitive 
phrase. 

Now  let  us  turn  to  the  author's  treatment  of 
Mood,  the  crucial  test  of  the  grammatical  ama- 
teur: 

"  Mood  is  a  variation  in  the  use  and  form  of  a  verb 
to  show  the  manner  in  which  an  act  or  state  is  expressed 
with  reference  to  the  person  or  thing  represented  by 
its  subject." 

This  is  a  little  disappointing  after  the  author's 
positive  assurance  of  "  the  accuracy  and  sim- 
plicity of  the  definitions." 

"There  are  six  moods:  the  indicative,  the  sudjunctive, 
the  potential,  the  infinitive,  and  the  participial." 

The  author  evidently  does  not  intend  to  be  out- 
done by  anybody. 

"  A  verb  in  the  indicative  mood  is  used  in  expressing 
a  fact." 

It  would  have  been  nearer  the  truth  to  say :  A 
verb  in  the  indicative  mood  is  used  in  express- 
ing a  falsehood ;  as  no  sane  man  ever  tells  a 
lie  in  the  subjunctive  mood.  Mood  has  no  more 
to  do  with  fact  than  with  tact,  not  so  much  ; 
and  whoever  confounds  mood  with  fact  has  not 
the  faintest  conception  of  mood. 

"  The  fact  may  sometimes  be  referred  to  as  a  doubt; 
as,  '  If  Saturn  is  large,  Jupiter  is  larger." 

A  logical  conditional,  in  which  there  is  no 
shadow  of  a  doubt,  any  more  than  in  "  If  he 
is  breathing,  he  is  living." 

"  A  verb  in  the  potential  mood  is  used  in  expressing 
power,  permission,  possibility,  compulsion,  duty,  inclin- 
ation, or  a  wish.  Examples.  <  I  can  go,'  etc." 

This  will  rejoice  the  heart  of  the  few  veterans 
who  still  linger  on  to  do  battle  for  their  cher- 
ished "  potential."  Mood  is  confounded  this 
time  with  the  meaning  of  the  verb.  Whatever 
potentiality  there  is  lies  in  the  meaning  of  can, 
with  which  mood  has  nothing  to  do.  In  "  I 
doubt  the  truth  of  the  statement,"  doubt  is  ex- 
pressed, to  be  sure,  but  the  mood  is  indicative. 
But  why  stop  with  the  "  potential  "  ?  If  mood 
has  to  do  with  the  meaning  of  the  verb,  why 
not  make  other  categories,  and  extend  them 
indefinitely  ?  For  instance,  we  might  call  ••  I 
will  go  "  the  volential  mood,  "  I  beg  you  to 
go  "  the  deferential  mood, "  I  am  sorry  I  went " 
the  penitential  mood,  and  so  on.  There  would 
be  no  limit  to  this  sort  of  thing,  and  it  might 
serve  as  a  useful  exercise  in  invention,  just  as 
in  the  case  of  the  author's  participial  mood, 
which,  so  far  as  we  know,  is  entirely  original. 
But  granting  the  potentiality  of  can  go,  what 


is  there  potential  in  would  go,  should  go,  etc.? 
For  illustration,  let  us  take  three  examples  of 
the  use  of  would  : 

(a).  He  would  tell,  if  he  knew  (diceret  .  .  .  tciret). 

(6).  He  would  tell  the  same  joke  every  year  (nar- 
rabat). 

(c).  He  would  not  tell  (nolebat  dicere). 

Now  any  grammatical  instruction  that  con- 
founds these  three  uses  of  would,  to  go  no  fur- 
ther, is  simply  pernicious,  and  utterly  useless 
as  a  discipline. 

"  A  verb  in  the  present  tense  of  the  imperative  mood 
refers  to  future  time;  as,  Charge,  Chester,  charge." 

We  fear  that,  if  Chester  so  understood  the  use 
of  the  imperative  mood,  the  battle  was  lost  to 
Marmion. 

"  Sometimes  the  subject  [of  the  imperative  mood]  is 
in  the  first  or  the  third  person;  as,  Cursed  be  I  that  did 
so. —  Shak.  Come  we,  who  love  the  Lord. —  Watts. 
Thy  kingdom  come." 

It  is  no  secret  that  all  these  verbs  are  in  the 
subjunctive  mood.  This  surely  must  have  got 
under  the  head  of  Imperative  Mood  by  mis- 
take. What  the  good  old  Doctor  Watts  really 
did  say  was  "  Come  ye  that  love  the  lord."  He 
used  the  imperative.  The  other  is  perfectly 
good  English,  corresponding  to  the  Latin  ven- 
iamus  and  the  German  kommen  wir,  but  it  is 
known  to  grammarians  as  the  subjunctive.  The 
imperative  mood  always  has  the  second  person 
for  subject. 

"  A  few  intransitive  verbs  are  sometimes  used  in  the 
passive  form,  though  they  are  not  in  the  passive  voice; 
as,  '  The  melancholy  days  are  come,'  '  He  it  fallen,' 
(666,  note)." 

On  referring  to  the  note,  we  learn  that  this  is 
**  a  French  idiom."  If  it  be  necessary  to  go 
outside  of  English  to  explain  English  grammar, 
why  not  call  it  a  German  idiom  ?  Ours  is  a 
Germanic,  not  a  Romance,  tongue,  and  it  is  the 
regular  construction  in  German.  But  this 
happens  to  be  an  English  idiom,  coming  down 
to  us  from  Anglo-Saxon  by  direct  lineal  de- 
scent. In  another  part  of  his  book  the  author 
informs  us  gravely  that  ••  English  grammar  is 
now  a  grammar  of  modern  English,  and  not 
Latin  or  Greek.  It  is  largely  controlled  by  the 
grammar  of  Anglo-Saxon,"  etc.  This  is  very 
useful  information,  and  it  is  true,  but  there  is 
one  English  grammar  that  is  evidently  not 
"  controlled  "  by  Anglo-Saxon.  If  the  author's 
knowledge  of  English  had  been  under  such 
control,  we  should  not  find,  for  one  thing,  in- 
cluded among  Prefixes  of  Anglo-Saxon  Origin : 
u  En,  em,  in,  im  (to,  into,  to  put  into)  ;  as, 
engrave,  enchant,"  Romance  additions  to  the 
Anglo-Saxon  stock. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


' 


275 


Under  "  Miscellaneous  Notes  "  there  is  dis- 
played throughout  a  good  deal  of  originality. 
Only  a  few  specimens  can  be  given  here : 
"  Little.    '  Little  older ';  adv.    «  A  little  older ';  noun." 
"Both.     'He  is  both  rich  and  lucky';   adv.  (966, 
note  2)." 

This  note  reads : 

"  The  correlatives  both,  either,  and  neither  are  adverbs 
of  emphasis,  modifying  the  two  parts  of  the  sentence 
joined  by  the  conjunctions  that  follow." 

If  the  incredulous  reader  should  demand  more 
positive  proof,  he  may  find  it  on  page  254  : 

"Adverbs  of  emphasis  are  used  to  render  other  words 
more  emphatic.  They  may  modify  nouns,  pronouns, 
verbs,  adjectives,  adverbs,  verbals,  phrases,  clauses,  or 
sentences.  In  « I,  too,  am  sick,'  /  is  emphasized,  and 
hence  modified.  In  « I  am  sick,  too,'  sick  is  made  em- 
phatic. In  '  I  am  too  sick,'  too  is  an  adverb  of  degree. 
In  '  Both  winds  and  waves  swept  it,'  both  modifies  winds 
and  waves.  Neither  modifies  just  and  kind  in  'It  was 
neither  just  nor  kind.'  Both  and  neither  in  such  construc- 
tions are  usually  called  conjunctions  (966,  note  2)." 

Of  course,  the  dissenter  may  say  :  "  What  dif- 
ference does  it  make  ?  The  average  high  school 
student  does  n't  care  a  straw  whether  neither 
is  an  adverb  or  a  conjunction,  and  whichever 
way  he  learns  it  he  will  straightway  forget  it." 
Teachers  of  English,  however,  inclined  to  op- 
timism, will  insist  that,  if  you  are  going  to  bother 
a  pupil  with  such  little  things  as  parts  of 
speech,  it  is  best  to  aim  at  accuracy  of  instruc- 
tion always,  whether  you  hit  the  mark  or  not. 

The  author's  treatment  of  "  irregular  verbs  " 
is,  to  a  man  of  feeling,  simply  horrible.  Dare, 
an  irregular  verb,  Deal,  a  verb  of  the  weak 
conjugation,  Dig,  a  verb  of  the  strong  conjuga- 
tion, are  all  dumped  together  in  the  same  pile. 
To  one  trained  in  modern  methods  a  return  to 
such  a  work  a,s  this  would  be  like  an  attempt,  in 
the  eyes  of  a  scientist,  to  teach  modern  biology 
out  of  Goldsmith's  "  Animated  Nature." 

Here  is  a  pretty  bit  of  romance  that  has  the 
flavor  of  antiquity  to  recommend  it,  and  is  en- 
tirely in  harmony  with  its  environment : 

"Man,  in  Anglo-Saxon,  was  in  the  common  gender; 
woman  was  '  wife-man '  or  «  weft-man,'  that  is,  the  man 
that  weaves." 

It  is  hard  to  kill  a  thing  like  that.  Skeat's 
Etymological  Dictionary  hasn't  been  able  to 
do  it  in  eighteen  years.  It  seems  to  be  en- 
dowed with  the  gift  of  immortality,  and  we  may 
expect  to  hear  from  it  again  in  the  next  crop 
of  high-school  commencement  essays. 

The  study  of  English  has  made  so  rapid  an 
advance  in  the  last  quarter  of  the  century  that 
this  book  was  out  of  date  the  day  it  came  from 
the  press.  It  is  half  a  century  behind,  and  its 
effect  upon  English  scholarship  must  needs  be 


depressing.  If  justification  be  demanded  for 
taking  up  so  much  space  in  reviewing  a  book 
of  this  kind,  the  plea  must  lie  in  the  fact  that 
the  author  is  Principal  of  the  First  Normal 
School  of  the  great  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
late  President  of  the  National  Educational 
Association  which  met  last  summer  at  Los 
Angeles, —  the  highest  position  in  the  gift  of 
the  teachers  of  the  United  States.  It  is  to  be 
feared,  therefore,  that  official  position  may  be 
expected  to  float  this  book,  and  there  will  be 
no  lack  of  laudatory  testimonials  to  fill  its  sails. 
There  is  one  thing  that  may  be  said  in  praise 
of  this  book :  it  has  steered  clear  of  that  fond 
device  of  grammaticasters,  the  diagram.  For 
this  the  author  has  our  sincere  thanks. 

EDWARD  A.  ALLEN. 


LATE  CONTRIBUTIONS   TO  EDUCATIONAL 
LITERATURE.* 

Horace  Mann,  referring  to  the  swelling  stream 
of  interest  in  education  that  marked  the  period  of 
hia  occupancy  of  the  Massachusetts  Secretaryship, 

*  TALKS  TO  TEACHERS  ON  PSYCHOLOGY  :  And  to  Students 
on  Some  of  Life's  Ideals.  By  William  James.  New  York : 
Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

ESSAYS  ON  THE  HIGHER  EDUCATION.  By  George  Trum- 
bull  Ladd,  Professor  of  Philosophy  in  Yale  University.  New 
York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

PRINCIPLES  AND  METHODS  OF  TEACHING.  A  Manual  for 
Normal  Schools,  Reading  Circles,  and  the  Teachers  of  Ele- 
mentary, Intermediate,  and  High  Schools.  By  Charles  C. 
Boyer,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Pedagogy,  Keystone  State  Normal 
School,  Kutztown,  Pennsylvania.  Philadelphia :  J.  B.  Lip- 
pincott  Co. 

THE  ART  OF  TEACHING.  By  David  Salmon,  Principal  of 
Swanseia  Training  College.  New  York :  Longmans,  Green, 
&Co. 

FREDERICK  FROEBEL'S  EDUCATION  BY  DEVELOPMENT. 
The  Second  Part  of  the  Pedagogics  of  the  Kindergarten. 
Translated  by  Josephine  Jarvis.  New  York :  D.  Appleton 
&Co. 

LETTERS  TO  A  MOTHER  ON  THE  PHILOSOPHY  OF  FROEBEL. 
By  Susan  E.  Blow,  author  of  "Symbolic  Education,"  etc. 
New  York :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

SOCIAL  PHASES  OF  EDUCATION  IN  THE  SCHOOL  AND  THE 
HOME.  By  Samnel  T.  Dutton,  Superintendent  of  Schools, 
Brookline,  Mass.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

PSYCHOLOGY  IN  THE  SCHOOL  ROOM.  By  T.  F.  G.  Dexter, 
B.A.,  B.Sc.,  and  A.  H.  Garlick,  B.A.  New  York:  Long- 
mans, Green,  &  Co. 

MONTAIGNB.  THE  EDUCATION  OF  CHILDREN.  Selected, 
translated,  and  annotated  by  L.  E.  Rector,  Ph.D.  New  York : 
D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

COMMON  SENSE  IN  EDUCATION  AND  TEACHING.  An  Intro- 
duction to  Practice.  By  E.  A.  Barnett.  New  York :  Long- 
mans, Green,  &  Co. 

EDUCATIONAL  AIMS  AND  EDUCATIONAL  VALUES.  By  Paul 
H.  Hanus.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

THE  PHYSICAL  NATURE  OF  THE  CHILD,  and  How  to  Study 
It.  By  Stuart  H.  Rowe,  Ph.D.  New  York :  The  Mac- 
millan Co. 

LIFE  AND  REMAINS  OF  THE  REVEREND  R.  H.  QUICK. 
Edited  by  F.  Storr.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 


276 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


said  nothing  could  be  hazarded  in  affirming  that 
far  more  had  been  spoken  and  printed,  heard  and 
read,  on  education  in  the  country  within  the  pre- 
ceding twelve  years  than  ever  before,  were  it  all 
put  together  since  the  beginning  of  the  colonies. 
What  terms  of  comparison  could  Mr.  Mann,  if 
now  living,  find  for  the  similar  manifestations  of 
educational  interest  ?  The  remark  is  prompted  by 
the  continuous  stream  of  educational  literature  that 
flows  from  the  press.  No  doubt  some  of  this 
activity  is  primarily  due  to  the  action  of  a  force 
that  now  furnishes  a  prominent  educational  theme, 
that  is  imitation,  and  so  is  significant  only  indirectly ; 
but  much  of  it  springs  from  a  deep-seated  original 
interest,  and  reveals  to  us  the  strong  current  that 
is  now  in  motion. 

Professor  James's  hook,  "  Talks  to  Teachers  on 
Psychology,"  is  one  of  the  very  best  of  the  new 
works  on  the  subject  The  psychology  that  forms 
the  basis  of  the  "  Talks  "  is  but  a  small  part  of  the 
psychology  found  in  the  author's  great  work  bear- 
ing that  title ;  but  there  is  enough  to  answer  the 
present  purpose,  presented  in  beautifully  clear  and 
simple  English,  and  well  illustrated  by  examples 
drawn  from  the  field  of  common  observation.  One 
can  hardly  help  feeling,  as  he  reads,  that  if  psychol- 
ogy is  not  here  shorn  of  its  terrors  for  teachers,  no 
other  writer  need  hope  to  accomplish  that  task. 
One  of  the  charms  of  the  book  is  its  uniform  good 
sense.  The  writer  has  no  respect  for  the  pedagogical 
fashions  and  fads  of  the  day  because  they  are 
fashions  and  fads ;  nor  is  he  under  any  illusion  as 
to  the  value  of  his  special  science  to  teachers,  but 
has  sound  ideas  as  to  what  its  value  is,  and  how 
much  there  is  of  it.  As  an  example  of  the  way 
in  which  he  deals  with  some  of  the  favorite  ideas 
of  our  popular  educational  guides,  we  quote  from 
his  remarks  on  the  subject  of  emulation  among 
pupils : 

14  To  veto  and  taboo  all  possible  rivalry  of  one  youth 
with  another,  because  such  rivalry  may  degenerate  into 
greedy  and  selfish  excess,  does  seem  to  savor  somewhat 
of  sentimentality,  or  even  of  fanaticism.  The  feeling  of 
rivalry  lies  at  the  very  basis  of  our  being,  all  social 
improvement  being  largely  due  to  it.  There  is  a  noble 
and  generous  kind  of  rivalry,  as  well  as  a  spiteful  and 
greedy  kind;  and  the  noble  and  generous  form  is  par- 
ticularly common  in  childhood.  All  games  owe  the 
zest  which  they  bring  with  them  to  the  fact  that  they 
are  rooted  in  the  emulous  passion,  yet  they  are  the 
chief  means  of  training  in  fairness  and  magnanimity. 
.  .  .  The  wise  teacher  will  use  this  instinct  as  he  uses 
others,  reaping  its  advantages  and  appealing  to  it  in 
such  a  way  as  to  reap  a  maximum  of  benefit  with  a 
minimum  of  harm;  for,  after  all,  we  must  confess  with 
a  French  critic  of  Rousseau's  doctrine  that  the  deepest 
spring  of  action  in  us  is  the  sight  of  action  in  another. 
The  spectacle  of  effort  is  what  awakens  and  sustains 
our  own  efforts.  No  runner  running  all  alone  on  a 
race  track  will  find  in  his  own  will  the  power  of  stimu- 
lation which  his  rivalry  with  other  runners  incites,  when 
he  feels  them  at  bis  heels  about  to  pass.  When  a 
trotting  horse  is  'speeded*  a  running  horse  must  go 
beside  him  to  keep  him  to  the  pace." 


Dr.  Ladd's  "  Essays  on  the  Higher  Education," 
republished,  deal  with  four  important  subjects : 
"  The  Development  of  the  American  University," 
"The  Place  of  the  Fitting  School  in  American 
Education,"  "  Education  New  and  Old,"  and  "  A 
Modern  Liberal  Education."  The  views  on  these 
subjects  of  an  able  scholar,  university  professor,  and 
student  of  education  such  as  Dr.  Ladd  is,  could 
not  fail  to  be  valuable.  He  finds  the  problem 
of  the  development  of  the  University  in  this  country 
to  he  largely  the  problem  of  securing  a  satis- 
factory secondary  education.  This  done,  he  says  it 
will  be  perfectly  feasible  to  prepare  the  average 
American  youth,  at  nineteen  or  twenty  years  of  age, 
for  beginning  a  true  university  education.  He  holds 
that  if  secondary  education  is  properly  reformed 
and  duly  elevated,  the  youth  who  has  well  accom- 
plished it  will  be  better  fitted  to  enter  upon  a 
university  education  than  is  at  present  the  average 
youth  at  twenty-two  who  has  just  graduated  from  a 
first-class  American  college.  This  view  of  the  case, 
which  the  facts  certainly  go  a  long  ways  toward 
sustaining,  enlists  the  reader's  interest  in  the  paper 
on  the  Fitting  School.  The  author's  prescription 
consists  in  part  of  relegating  most  of  the  colleges 
and  so-called  universities  to  the  secondary  sphere. 
"  Only  those  few  institutions  that  have  already 
acquired  large  resources  of  famous  men  and  estab- 
lished courses  and  equipment  for  the  highest 
instruction,  and  that  can  hope  to  draw  from  their 
own  and  from  other  colleges  a  sufficient  constituency 
of  pupils  already  trained  in  a  thorough  secondary 
education,  should  strive  to  develop  themselves  into 
universities."  He  ventures,  therefore,  "  to  assert 
that  not  more  than  half  a  dozen  Universities  should 
be  developed  in  the  entire  country  during  the 
next  generation,  and  that  no  new  institutions  to 
bear  that  name  should,  on  any  grounds  whatever, 
be  founded."  This  may  be  a  sound  view  to  take 
of  the  matter,  but  we  do  not  exactly  see  how  it  will 
be  made  practicable. 

Mr.  Boyer's  outlook  upon  the  "  Principles  and 
Methods  of  Teaching  "  is  indicated  by  two  facts. 
One  is  the  statement  in  the  preface  that  hia  treatise 
is  designed  to  be  a  stepping-stone  to  Rosenkranz's 
"Philosophy  of  Education  "  and  Tompkin's  "  Phi- 
losophy of  Teaching."  The  other  is  his  definition 
of  education,  —  "  The  realization  of  man's  possibili- 
ties, through  systematic  self-activity,  for  complete 
living."  The  book  is  divided  into  three  parts  : 
"Psychology,"  "Principles  of  Teaching,"  and 
"  Methods  of  Teaching."  It  is  as  full  of  matter 
as  it  can  hold,  but  we  cannot  help  thinking  that 
the  author  would  have  done  teachers  a  better  ser- 
vice if  he  had  left  out  many  of  his  topics  and  treated 
some  others  more  fully. 

Professor  Salmon's  "  Art  of  Teaching "  opens 
with  several  general  chapters  on  such  topics  as 
"Some  General  Principles,"  "Order,  Attention,  and 
Discipline,"  "  Oral  Questioning,"  and  "  Object  Les- 
sons," and  then  passes  to  the  branches  of  study 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


277 


taught  in  elementary  schools,  treating  them  in  a 
manner  much  more  technical  than  is  now  the  vogue 
in  the  United  States  in  similar  works.  The  book 
is  marked  by  clearness  of  method  and  ai'rangement, 
perspicuity  of  language,  and  sound  good  sense.  It 
is  one  of  those  useful  volumes  that,  while  they  add 
nothing  new  to  the  knowledge  or  practice  in  teach- 
ing, do  good  service  wherever  they  are  read. 

In  Froebel's  "Education  by  Development,"  trans- 
lated by  Miss  Jarvis,  and  Miss  Blow's  "  Letters  to 
a  Mother  on  the  Philosophy  of  Froebel,"  we  have 
valuable  additions  to  the  growing  volume  of  Froe- 
belian  literature.  The  world  is  slowly  learning  how 
much  larger  this  great  master  was  than  the  kinder- 
garten, with  which  his  name  was  so  long  exclusively 
associated. 

Perhaps  no  school  superintendent  in  the  country 
has  taken  a  deeper  interest  in  the  social  phases  of 
education  than  Mr.  Samuel  T.  Dutton,  formerly  of 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  now  of  Brookline,  Mass.  His 
volume  entitled  "  Social  Phases  of  Education  in  the 
School  and  the  Home "  is  a  selection  from  the 
lectures  and  papers  that  he  has  devoted  to  these 
phases  of  the  general  subject  in  the  course  of  the 
last  few  years.  As  he  says  in  his  preface,  the  point 
of  view  is  in  all  cases  social  rather  than  scholastic, 
and  the  ideas  emphasized  are  as  worthy  of  con- 
sideration by  parents  as  by  teachers.  One  of  the 
most  suggestive  titles  is  the  last,  "  The  Brookline 
Education  Society  and  its  Work."  The  more  such 
societies  as  this  are  organized  and  carried  on  in  the 
country  the  better.  There  are  few  educational 
problems  more  pressing  at  the  present  time  than 
the  proper  correlation  of  the  school  and  the  home. 

Messrs.  Dexter  and  Garlick's  "  Psychology  in 
the  School  Room  "  we  account  one  of  the  best  books 
of  its  kind  that  we  have  seen.  It  is  not  at  all  the 
same  kind  of  book  as  Professor  James's  "Talks," 
although  both  titles  contain  the  same  leading  word. 
It  is  far  more  comprehensive  and  thorough.  First, 
the  authors  give  enough  physiology  to  furnish  a 
basis  for  the  subject  proper ;  next,  they  state  and 
illustrate  the  main  facts  of  psychology  with  remark- 
able correctness  and  clearness  ;  and  then  they  apply 
these  facts  with  great  good  sense  to  the  practical 
work  of  the  teacher.  We  cannot  exactly  promise 
teachers  that  they  will  find  the  book  easy  reading, 
although  we  cannot  really  agree  that  it  is  hard 
reading;  what  is  more,  no  book  that  deals  thoroughly 
with  the  subject  can  be  made  wholly  soft  and  easy. 

In  his  preface  to  Dr.  Rector's  volume  of  selec- 
tions from  Montaigne's  writings  on  the  education 
of  children,  Dr.  Harris,  the  editor  of  the  series  in 
which  the  volume  appears,  says,  "  The  significance 
of  Montaigne  lies  chiefly  in  his  protest  against 
pedantry,"  and  this  he  defines  to  be  the  display  of 
accumulated  knowledge  "  that  is  not  systematized 
itself  nor  applied  to  the  solution  of  practical  prob- 
lems." That  is  one  way  of  putting  the  case,  and 
perhaps  the  best  way.  The  traditional  way  of 
putting  it  is  that  Montaigne  was  in  full  rebellion 


against  the  literary  education  set  up  by  the  Renais- 
sance, and  in  complete  sympathy  with  an  education 
that  consisted  primarily  of  realities.  Mr.  Oscar 
Browning  assigns  Montaigne  to  the  class  of  edu- 
cationalists whom  he  calls  "naturalists," — "not  only 
because  they  profess  to  follow  nature,"  but  "  because 
they  set  before  themselves  as  the  chief  good  the 
development  of  the  entire  nature,  and  not  merely 
the  intellect  or  any  part  of  it."  Professor  Laurie 
accounts  Montaigne  a  realist,  in  the  sense  that  he 
"  desired  to  see  reality,  that  is,  to  see  the  substance 
of  fact  and  thought  dominant  in  the  education  of 
youth."  The  Professor  says  further :  "  Montaigne's 
realism  opposed  itself  merely  to  verbalism,  and  he 
fought  a  good  fight  in  this  "  ;  that  is,  he  was  not  a 
natural-realist,  claiming  to  find  educational  material 
solely  in  nature  and  real  life,  but  a  real-humanist, 
finding  reality  or  substance  in  nature,  in  the  human 
spirit,  or  in  the  records  of  past  thought  and  feeling. 
Perhaps  Dr.  Harris's  statement  does  not  differ 
materially  in  substance  from  Professor  Laurie's, 
but  it  is  certainly  put  more  sharply,  and,  formally 
speaking,  more  strikingly.  It  is  well  calculated  to 
stick  in  the  memory :  Montaigne  the  protestor 
against  pedantry  is  quite  as  striking  as  Montaigne 
the  skeptic  or  Montaigne  the  rationalist.  The 
question  of  classification  aside,  no  one  disputes 
or  doubts  that  Montaigne  holds  a  very  important 
place  in  the  succession  of  educational  reformers. 
The  significance  of  Dr.  Rector's  book  lies  in  the 
fact  that  it  brings  the  things  Montaigne  wrote  about 
education  together,  presents  them  to  the  reader 
in  small  compass  apart  from  the  matter  in  which 
it  is  embedded  in  the  original  works,  and  accom- 
panies them  with  suitable  preface,  introduction, 
notes,  and  indexes.  The  service  that  he  renders 
the  student,  and  still  more  the  mere  reader,  is  an 
important  one ;  for  it  must  be  remembered  that,  in 
great  part,  what  Montaigne  had  to  say  on  this  sub- 
ject he  scattered  here  and  there  through  his  some- 
what voluminous  writings.  Mr.  Rector  has  much 
to  say  of  his  author's  "  modernity,"  and  with  good 
reason.  He  presents  a  full  page,  embracing  twenty- 
one  items,  of  "  modern  educational  ideas  anticipated 
by  Montaigne,"  and  fortifies  his  generalizations  with 
appropriate  references.  He  has  placed  pedagogists, 
teachers,  and  readers  of  educational  books  under 
decided  obligations  to  him. 

Mr.  P.  A.  Barnett's  book  on  "  Common  Sense  in 
Education  and  Teaching  "  is  happily  named  as  well 
as  written.  Educational  practice,  and  educational 
thought  and  writing  in  less  degree,  oscillate  between 
the  two  poles  of  crass  empiricism  and  stark  dogma- 
tism. At  the  one  extreme  stand  those  who  deny 
in  theory,  if  not  in  practice,  that  there  are  such 
things  as  controlling  ideas  or  governing  principles 
in  teaching ;  at  the  other,  those  who  say,  or  think, 
that  teaching  is  nothing  more  than  the  reading  off 
of  a  formula.  It  is  hard  to  say  which  one  is  nearer 
the  truth,  if  the  expression  may  be  allowed,  but  we 
incline  to  the  empiricist  rather  than  the  dogmatician. 
Therefore  every  book  that  points  with  reasonable 


278 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


steadiness  to  the  degree  in  the  arc  marked  "  com- 
mon sense  "  is  heartily  to  be  welcomed  ;  and  much 
more  than  this  can  be  claimed  for  Mr.  Barnett's 
work. 

He  has  no  more  patience  with  fads  and  faddists 
than  has  Professor  James.  He  explodes  in  his  first 
chapter  "  the  complete  sentence  method,"  as  pat  by 
the  dogmatician,  and  even  defends  in  secondary 
schools  marks  and  "taking  place"  under  proper 
conditions.  His  remarks  on  questions  and  question- 
ing are  excellent. 

'•  After  all,  it  should  be  remembered  that  in  tbe  com- 
mon order  of  things  it  is  tbe  person  needing  instruction 
who  usually  asks  questions,  not  the  person  giving  it  Why 
should  tbe  nature  of  things  be  topsy-turvy  in  the  school- 
room ?  It  is  not  so  at  home.  Why  should  the  ques- 
tioner in  school  be  almost  always  tbe  teacher  instead  of 
the  learner?  Our  business  is  to  make  our  scholars  feel 
the  lack  of  information,  desire  to  ask  questions;  to 
encourage  them  to  find  out  what  they  can  for  them- 
selves, and  to  be  keen  to  hear  what  we  have  to  add  to 
their  stock.  They  must,  in  fact,  question  us,  or  at  all 
events  stand  in  the  attitude  of  those  who  want  to  know." 
Seven  of  the  eight  chapters  of  Professor  Hanus'g 
"Educational  Aims  and  Educational  Values  "  were 
written  as  contributions  to  educational  reviews. 
They  are,  however,  well  worthy  of  being  put  in  this 
more  accessible  and  permanent  form.  Like  other 
books  made  up  in  the  same  way,  this  one  cannot 
claim  an  absolute  centre  of  unity,  and  shows  more 
or  less  centrifugal  tendency  ;  but  the  first  five  chap- 
ters conform  to  a  general  plan  that  is  well  expressed 
in  the  title  of  the  book.  Professor  Hanus  is  always 
clear  and  pointed,  leaving  no  one  uncertain  as  to 
his  meaning,  or  causing  him  to  waste  time  in  finding 
it  out.  He  is  never  esoteric,  transcendental,  or  "  pro- 
found "  in  the  sense  that  neither  he  nor  anyone  else 
knows  exactly  what  he  means.  He  writes  clearly 
and  strongly  because  he  thinks  clearly  and  strongly. 
Nobody,  for  example,  can  mistake  the  meaning  of 
such  a  paragraph  as  this : 

*•  It  is  evident  that  any  estimate  of  educational  values 
must  ultimately  depend  on  educational  aims.  The 
studies  chosen  are  the  means  (not  the  sole  means,  of 
course,  but  the  most  important  means)  for  the  realiza- 
tion of  those  aims.  The  conception  of  the  end  to  be 
attained  must  therefore  determine  the  value  of  the 
means  proposed;  and  any  consideration  of  educational 
value  must  accordingly  include  a  consideration  of  edu- 
cational aims." 

The  author  is  thoroughly  modern  in  his  general 
view  of  education,  in  the  good  sense  of  that  term. 
He  holds  with  Mr.  Spencer,  that  the  aim  of  educa- 
tion is  to  prepare  for  complete  living.  Again,  he 
sees  clearly  that  every  national  culture,  and  particu- 
larly every  great  national  culture,  must  be  rooted 
and  grounded  in  the  mother  tongue.  To  quote  three 
or  four  sentences  on  this  point  : 

"  This  is  the  instrument  of  all  the  pupil's  acquisitions 
and  of  common  intercourse  with  bis  fellows.  Moreover, 
it  is  tbe  embodiment  of  rich  stores  of  information  and 
of  the  highest  ideals  of  the  race.  If  instruction  in  the 
mother  tongue  is  not  limited  merely  to  the  study  of  its 
form  and  structure,  but  really  serves,  as  it  should,  as 


tbe  means  of  exploring  and  interpreting  both  the  world 
of  external  nature  and  the  world  of  man,  the  mother 
tongue  will  be  richer  in  incentives  and  possess  higher 
incentives  than  all  otber  forms  of  knowledge,  and  it 
may  therefore  have  a  higher  educational  value  than  all 
other  subjects." 

We  should  say,  rather,  it  must  have  such  higher 
educational  value.  The  last  chapter  deals  dis- 
criminatingly, if  briefly,with  the  permanent  influence 
of  Comenius.  The  one  chapter  that  now  sees 
the  light  for  the  first  time  relates  to  what  Professor 
Hanus  and  his  associates  are  trying  to  do  for  the 
study  of  education  at  Harvard  University. 

Among  the  best  judges,  there  will  be  no  dissent 
from  the  statement  that  the  value  of  child  study  to 
the  parent  or  teacher  is  practical  rather  than  scien- 
tific, and  that  it  is  reflex  in  character ;  or,  to  be 
more  definite,  that  it  consists  in  mental  habit  rather 
than  the  possession  of  any  specific  facts  or  knowl- 
edge. This  mental  habit,  of  course,  is  an  interest 
in  and  sympathy  with  the  child  that  leads  to  intel- 
ligent observation  of  his  mind,  character,  and  life, 
and  thus  to  a  course  of  wise  direction  in  consonance 
therewith.  Mr.  Rowe's  book  on  "The  Physical 
Nature  of  the  Child  "  is  written  in  harmony  with 
this  view ;  that  is,  the  teacher  should  pursue  child 
study  primarily  for  practical  ends,  and  not  for  the 
sake  of  advancing  scientific  knowledge  of  children. 
The  book  is  one  that  may  be  well  recommended  to 
teachers. 

Certainly   those  who   have  read   appreciatively 
that  excellent  book,  "  Educational  Reformers,"  will 
wish  to  know  something  more  about  its  author,  his 
life,  character,  and  work.  This  "  something  more  " 
they  will  find  in  the  "  Life  and  Remains  of  the  Rev. 
R.  H.  Quick."    The  book  consists  of  a  memoir,  125 
pages,  and  extracts  from  Mr.  Quick's  note-books, 
420  pages  more.  In  his  preface  Mr.  Storr,  the  editor, 
says  there  are  forty  of  these  note-books,  which,  if 
printed  in  extento,  would  make  ten  or  eleven  vol- 
umes equal  in  size  to  the  present  one.     They  con- 
stitute a  life-record  extending  over  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century.     The  interest  of  the  memoir 
is  touched  with  a  tender  pathos,  for  Mr.  Quick  was 
of  a  reflective  rather  than  practical  turn  of  mind, 
and  failed,  externally  speaking,  to  achieve  the  suc- 
cess in  life  that  his  mental  abilities  and  personal 
qualities  seemed   to  justify.     Then   there    is    the 
pathetic  story  of  his  death.     What  the  editor  left 
behind  him  unused,  we  do  not  know ;  but  he  has 
not  printed  a  page  that  was  not  worth  printing, 
most  of  them  well  worth  printing.     Open  the  book 
-here  you  will,  you  are  interested  at  once  in  what 
you  see.     It  abounds  in  quotable  passages,  in  fact 
is  mainly  made  up  of  such  passages.     Mr.  Quick 
was  a  clergyman  and  a  deeply  religious  man,  facts 
which  add  importance  to  what  he  says  of  the  re- 
ligious teaching  in  the  National  schools  and  Sunday 
schools  of  England.    The  trouble  here,  as  he  depicts 
it,  is  the  same  as  the  trouble  elsewhere :  want  of 
real  interest  in  the  lesson,  and  consequent  filling  of 
the  mind  with  words.     He  declares  that  "  Sunday 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


279 


school  teaching  seems  for  the  most  part  to  be  a 
wind-bag."  And  again  :  "  The  truth  is  the  religious 
teaching  given  to  our  young  people  is  not  good 
enough  to  interest  them,  so  their  minds  do  not  take 
it  in,  and  they  remember  at  best  words  only."  The 
state  of  things  that  he  describes  is  not  peculiar  to 
England.  As  a  rule,  Sunday  schools  are  the  worst 
taught  of  all  American  schools ;  and  that  is  saying 
a  great  deal.  B>  A<  HINSDALE. 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 

A  disappointing  Professor  Saintsbury's  book  on 
exposition  of  "  Matthew  Arnold  "  (Dodd,  Mead 

Matthew  Arnold.       &    CQ  )    jg)    Qn    the    who]e)   a    disap_ 

pointment.  In  his  preface,  after  quoting  Arnold's 
complaint  that  Macaulay,  in  his  Essay  on  Milton, 
had  given  us  not  the  real  truth  about  Milton  but 
merely  a  panegyric  on  Milton  and  the  Puritans, 
Mr.  Saintsbury  goes  on  to  say  that  he  has  endeav- 
ored to  "  help  the  reader  who  wants  criticism." 
Even  from  this  point  of  view  the  book  is  regretably 
deficient.  We  find  here  no  picture  of  the  man 
Arnold,  poet,  educational  leader,  essayist,  religious 
reformer ;  no  attempt  to  expound  his  message  to 
the  world  or  his  attitude  toward  life ;  no  setting 
forth  of  what  the  world  was  to  him  or  he  to  the 
world,  as  Carlyle  would  have ;  little  beyond  a  few 
facts,  drawn  properly  enough  from  the  "  Letters," 
and  Mr.  George  Saintsbury's  opinions  about  his 
writings ;  and  since  Mr.  Saintsbury  is  merely  "  an 
analyst  of  the  form  of  art  for  its  own  sake,"  these 
will  hardly  do  for  Matthew  Arnold.  In  fact,  Mr. 
Saintsbury's  attitude  toward  his  subject  makes  us 
fear  that  he  does  not  himself  understand  fully  what 
Matthew  Arnold  tried  to  do.  The  decade,  for  ex- 
ample, from  1867  to  1877,  which  produced  "  Cul- 
ture and  Anarchy,"  "  St.  Paul  and  Protestantism," 
"  Literature  and  Dogma,"  "  God  and  the  Bible," 
and  "  Last  Essays,"  is  characterized  by  the  head- 
ing "In  the  Wilderness."  Mr.  Saintsbury  regrets 
this  period  of  Arnold's  life ;  would  have  had  him 
write  more  poems,  and  "infinite  essays."  We  agree 
with  the  biographer  that  this  is  an  idle  wish, —  by 
suppressing  which  some  space  might  have  been 
saved ;  but  we  cannot  agree  with  him  as  to  this 
estimate  of  the  religious  reform  era  of  Arnold's 
life.  Granted  that  Arnold  was  often  misunderstood, 
often  produced  an  effect  quite  unlike  that  intended  ; 
was  his  work  in  those  years  therefore  a  failure? 
History  assures  us  that  scores  of  prophets  have  had 
to  wait  long  before  their  words  began  to  win 
comprehension ;  the  most  notable  instance  of  all, 
probably,  coming  from  Nazareth.  Even  if  some  of 
Arnold's  arguments  in  "  Literature  and  Dogma," 
were  wide  of  the  mark  —  though  we  think  Mr. 
Saintsbury  has  not  quite  succeeded  in  overthrowing 
them, —  still,  our  biographer  admits  that  no  one 
"  smashed  "  the  book,  as  Dean  Mansel  if  alive  or 
Cardinal  Newman  if  then  in  the  fold  "  could  have 


done  ";  and  its  influence  may  be  judged  by  the  fact 
that  a  few  years  ago  it  was  voted  by  the  readers  of 
an  English  democratic  newspaper  to  be  Arnold's 
most  valued  book.  Every  student  of  Arnold's  life 
knows  that  the  really  serious  work  of  his  later 
years  was  not  the  composition  of  pure  literature, 
but  was  rather  an  attempt  to  change  some  sadly 
mistaken  ideals  of  the  English  people ;  as  one  writer 
puts  it,  to  transform,  without  destroying,  their  re- 
ligion. Now,  Mr.  Saintsbury,  with  his  merely 
literary  tastes,  apparently  does  not  understand,  or  if 
he  does  understand  he  gives  a  very  inadequate  ac- 
count of,  the  conditions  which  Arnold  set  himself 
to  improve.  It  is  certain  that  he  has  by  no  means 
said  the  last  word  concerning  this  part  of  Arnold's 
life.  The  criticisms  on  Arnold's  poetry,  however, 
are  sane,  and  if  we  set  aside  some  obscurities  of 
style  and  some  violations  of  elegance,  are  fairly 
well  done. 


The  Dutch 
and  others 
in  Africa. 


Sir  Harry  H.  Johnston's  "  Coloniza- 
tion of  Africa "  (Macmillan)  is  an 
attempt  "  to  summarize  and  review 
in  a  single  book  the  general  history  of  the  attempts 
of  Asia  and  Europe  to  colonize  Africa  during  the 
historical  period."  The  volume  is  true  to  the  au- 
thor's promise,  crammed  with  facts  and  encyclopae- 
dic in  character ;  in  spite  of  which  we  have  an 
altogether  readable  book  bearing  evidence  of  ex- 
treme care  and  careful  research.  Of  special  inter- 
est at  the  present  time  is  the  chapter  on  "  The 
Dutch  in  Africa."  Although  this  chapter  was  writ- 
ten before  it  became  evident  that  Mr.  Chamberlain 
stood  back  of  the  Uitlanders  of  Johannesburg  in 
their  demand  for  greater  concessions  and  a  larger 
degree  of  political  influence  in  the  Transvaal,  the 
general  question  of  England's  relation  to  the  Dutch 
in  South  Africa  is  carefully  examined.  Treated 
historically,  it  serves  to  show  that  the  present  crisis 
is  but  the  culmination  of  two  centuries  of  differ- 
ences between  peoples  of  widely  separated  degrees 
of  civilization.  Mr.  Johnston  argues  that  the  chief 
difficulty  has  always  been  the  failure  of  a  nineteenth- 
century  administrative  to  understand  a  seventeenth- 
century  subject  population,  for  such  he  considers 
the  Dutch  of  South  Africa.  The  British  govern- 
ment is  credited  with  having  failed  from  the  begin- 
ning to  take  proper  measures  for  the  maintenance 
and  spread  of  English  influence.  Reforms  have 
been  too  suddenly  and  too  harshly  executed,  as  in 
the  case  of  the  abolition  of  slavery  in  Cape  Colony ; 
or,  on  the  other  hand,  the  proverbial  stubbornness 
of  the  Boers  has  too  easily  frightened  English  min- 
isters from  projects  of  sound  policy.  Incidentally, 
the  author  makes  the  curious  assertion  that  if  Scotch 
administrators  had  been  sent  to  Cape  Colony  early 
in  the  present  century,  few  of  the  later  troubles 
would  have  followed.  This  opinion  is  based  upon 
the  fact  that  the  Scotch  and  the  Dutch  are  similar 
in  character,  temperament,  and  religion ;  though 
why  the  Scotch  more  than  the  English  should  have 
sympathized  with  the  patriarchal  form  of  slave- 


2SO 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


holding  desired  by  the  Dutch,  is  not  made  clear. 
The  attitude  of  Mr.  Cecil  Rhodes,  in  indirectly 
urging  the  movement  which  resulted  in  the  deplor- 
able Jameson  raid,  is  criticised.  In  reference  to 
this  point,  the  author  maintains  that  an  amicable 
settlement  of  the  grievances  of  the  Johannesburgers 
would  have  been  accomplished  ultimately  through 
pressure  from  the  Cape  Colony  Dutch  upon  those 
of  the  Transvaal.  Britain's  difficulties  now  are 
directly  traceable  to  her  shilly-shally  policy  toward 
the  Dutch  in  the  early  part  of  the  century,  and  to 
the  essentially  different  aspect  in  which  life,  its 
duties  and  its  privileges,  presents  itself  to  the  Dutch 
and  to  the  English  mind.  Other  chapters  treat  of 
each  important  colonizing  nation  in  turn,  and  all 
are  instructive  and  entertaining.  The  book  con- 
tains some  unusually  good  maps,  showing  Africa  by 
religions,  by  areas  of  slave  trade,  by  colonizability, 
and  by  political  divisions  at  different  periods. 

"The  Authority  of  Criticism  and 
Other  Essays  "  (Scribner)  is  the  title 
of  a  new  volume  by  Professor  W.  P. 
Trent.  The  essays  are  nine  in  number,  concerned 
with  literary  themes,  and  happily  combining  discus- 
sions of  theory  with  practical  applications  of  the 
critical  principles  to  which  the  author  adheres.  The 
titular  essay  offers  one  of  the  strongest  pleas  ever 
made  for  criticism  of  the  academic  and  authorita- 
tive sort.  Mr.  Trent's  opinion  of  the  other  sort  of 
criticism  may  be  inferred  from  his  prefatory  refer- 
ence to  the  critics  who  "  continue  their  uncomfort- 
able and  undignified  floundering  in  the  bogs  of  dog- 
matism and  impressionism."  Here  we  are  in  hearty 
agreement  with  the  author;  elsewhere,  as  in  the 
essay  on  Shelley,  we  are  compelled  to  disagree  with 
him,  although  with  respect.  To  defend  Matthew 
Arnold's  perverse  opinion  of  Shelley  is,  to  our 
mind,  as  hopeless  a  task  as  could  well  be  attempted  ; 
yet  this  is  substantially  what  Mr.  Trent  undertakes 
to  do.  Nor  is  his  attempt  to  make  us  accept  Arnold's 
exaggerated  estimate  of  Byron  much  less  hopeless. 
The  palpable  honesty  of  his  dealings  with  these  two 
vexed  themes  enlists  our  sympathies,  but  his  argu- 
ments fail  to  convince.  A  more  doubtful  problem 
is  raised  by  the  essay  on  "  Tennyson  and  Musset 
Once  More."  Here  there  is  no  definite  pronounce- 
ment, but  rather  a  plea  for  fairness.  We  have  re- 
cently discussed  this  subject  editorially,  and  agree 
with  Mr.  Trent  in  thinking  that  English  criticism 
has  taken  the  relative  inferiority  of  French  poetry 
far  too  much  for  granted.  Among  the  remaining 
essays  of  this  collection,  those  entitled  "  Literature 
and  Morals,"  "The  Nature  of  Literature,"  and 
"Teaching  the  Spirit  of  Literature  "  are  the  most 
important,  and  display  what  seems  to  us  unexcep- 
tionable soundness  of  judgment.  We  read  the  last- 
named  of  these  three,  and  pray  that  the  ideas  to 
which  it  gives  expression  may  sometime  find  their 
way  into  the  English  departments  of  our  schools 
and  colleges.  We  hope  that  Mr.  Trent's  volume 
will  reach  many  readers;  for  it  surely  deserves 


time.  Remhardt 
telj-portrayed. 


them.  The  studies  are  so  fine,  both  in  their  liter- 
ary form  and  literary  feeling,  that  no  one  could  fail 
to  profit  by  their  perusal  or  could  help  being  stim- 
ulated by  them,  even  when  dissenting  most  vigor- 
ously from  their  conclusions.  They  were  well  worth 
bringing  together  from  the  periodicals  in  which  they 
first  saw  the  light. 

Paris  itself  is  not  more  Parisian  than 
its  greatest  actress  appears  to  be  in 
M.  Jules  Huret's  "Sarah  Bern- 
hardt"  (Lippincott).  Mine.  Sarah  fell  ill  a  year 
ago,  and  had  to  submit  to  the  surgeon's  knife.  In 
convalescence  she  amused  herself  by  telling  M. 
Huret  the  story  of  her  life  —  with  some  omissions, 
but  still  with  great  candor.  Her  age  will  be  sought 
in  vain  in  this  biography,  and  many  other  things 
which  have  to  do  with  her  private  life.  But  her 
professional  career  is  spread  before  the  reader 
like  a  panorama,  and  it  discloses  in  every  one  of  its 
many  pictures  a  very  great  dramatic  artist,  an  artist 
whose  memory  is  a  lasting  delight  to  all  who  have 
seen  her.  Of  her  endeavors  in  the  sister  arts  of 
painting  and  sculpture,  there  is  too  little  said  here, 
and  that  rather  beside  the  purpose.  It  is  curious 
to  observe,  in  the  later  parts  of  the  book,  Mme. 
Bernhardt's  desire  to  be  taken  as  a  missionary  in 
behalf  of  the  French  tongue,  rather  than  as  an  ex- 
ponent of  an  art  so  universal  as  to  comprise  the 
modern  world  in  its  appeal.  This  last  estimate  be- 
ing true,  it  seems  needless  to  criticize  the  taste  of 
the  work.  M.  Edmond  Rostand,  who  writes  a  brief 
preface  for  his  friend,  M.  Huret,  says  the  account 
made  him  dizzy.  It  is  likely  that  any  attempt  to 
follow  Mme.  Bernhardt's  indefatigable  personality 
will  have  the  same  effect ;  but  M.  Rostand's  insist- 
ence that  it  is  the  workwoman  in  Mine.  Bernhardt 
who  appeals  to  him  rather  than  the  vagarious  creature 
outside,  reveals  the  fact.  The  translation  into  En- 
glish is  by  M.  G.  A.  Raper,  and  is  clear  and  idiomatic. 
The  illustrations,  from  photographs  of  the  actress's 
many  roles,  are  numerous  and  valuable. 

tfarratirtofa  In  h'8  livelv  and  well-written    book, 

private  toidvir  "  The  Queen's  Service  "  (L.  C.  Page 
of  the  Queen.  &  Co^  Mr  Charles  Wyndham  mir- 
rors the  daily  life  of  the  real  Tommy  Atkins, — 
that  is  to  say,  of  the  private  soldier  in  the  British 
Infantry,  in  the  piping  times  of  peace.  The  book 
is  a  transcript,  evidently  a  faithful  one,  of  the  au- 
thor's own  experiences.  Mr.  Wyndham  was  what 
is  known  as  a  "  gentleman  ranker  " — a  man  of  good 
birth,  breeding,  and  education,  who  for  personal 
reasons  courts  the  blandishments  of  the  recruiting- 
officer,  and  takes  the  Queen's  shilling.  It  was  in 
October,  1890,  that  Mr.  Wyndham  decided  to  take 
the  plunge ;  and  he  presently  found  himself  duly 
enrolled  under  the  comprehensive  and  conveniently 
vague  patronymic  of  ••  Robinson,"  and  undergoing 
the  final  test  in  the  ceremonial  of  enlistment,  t.  c., 
the  taking  of  the  Oath  of  Allegiance  on  a  very  dirty 
and  infectious-looking  Bible,  on  which  he  feigned 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


281 


(with  his  gentleman-ranker  squeamishness)  to  im- 
print a  fervent  salute.  "  Some  of  the  men,  how- 
ever, made  up  for  this  little  discrepancy  on  my  part 
by  kissing  their  Bibles  with  gusto,  invoking  at  the 
same  time  strange  deities  in  aid  of  their  due  ob- 
servance of  their  vows.  My  immediate  neighbor, 
for  instance,  audibly  exclaimed  '  S'elp  me  Gawd  ! 
May  I  be  struck  pink  if  I  goes  back  on  it !  " '  Thus 
began  Mr.  Wyndham's  seven  years  of  service,  at 
home,  and  in  Ireland,  Gibraltar,  Malta,  South  Af- 
rica, etc.,  during  which  time  he  rose  to  be  a  ser- 
geant, closing  his  service  by  purchasing  his  discharge. 
Mr.  Wyndham  has  taken  pains  to  describe  tersely 
and  literally  the  common  soldier's  prosaic  routine 
of  life,  which  he  does  with  a  saving  vein  of  humor, 
and  with  a  keen  eye  to  the  peculiarities  of  "  Tommy 
Atkins  " —  whose  besetting  sin  is  clearly  a  fondness 
for  the  Canteen  that  must  inevitably  impair  his 
character  as  a  man  and  his  efficiency  as  a  soldier. 
On  the  whole,  however,  the  author's  account  of 
army  life  is  rather  favorable  —  strikingly  so,  if  we 
compare  his  book  with  M.  Decle's  recent  extremely 
bitter  book  on  the  French  Army,  which  may  be 
profitably  compared  with  the  present  volume.  Of 
these  two  works,  Mr.  Wyndham's  is  decidedly  the 
more  impersonal  and  purely  descriptive,  and  there- 
fore the  more  likely  to  inspire  faith  in  its  trust- 
worthiness. There  are  several  photographic  plates 
representing  types  of  the  British  soldier. 

This  unique  many-colored  Bible 
°We  (D°dd,  Mead  &  Co.)  is  increasing 

in  size.  Its  latest  additions  are 
"  Joshua,"  by  W.  H.  Bennett  of  London,  and  "  Eze- 
kiel,"  by  C.  H.  Toy,  of  Harvard  University.  "  The 
Book  of  Joshua  "  is  the  most  polychrome  specimen 
we  have  seen.  Its  clear  text  is  printed  on  eight 
different  colored  backgrounds,  while  there  are  five 
such  backgrounds  for  its  italics.  These  documents, 
together  with  one  additional  one  indicated  by  sym- 
bols, make  up  a  total  of  fourteen  sources  of  the  book 
of  Joshua.  Mr.  Bennett,  with  a  marvellous  inge- 
nuity, and  we  might  almost  say  audacity,  pictures  to 
his  readers  just  how  these  documents  were  joined 
and  pieced  together.  The  archaeological  and  topog- 
raphical notes  are  valuable  in  that  they  are  fresh 
and  up-to-date.  The  volume  on  Ezekiel  is  not, 
beyond  the  title-page,  in  any  sense  polychrome. 
Professor  Toy's  wisdom  is  expended  on  the  trans- 
lation and  notes.  By  careful  textual  work  he  has 
made  notable  improvements  in  the  rendering  of  this 
difficult  book.  The  notes,  too,  indicate  wide  read- 
ing, and  discrimination  in  the  use  of  matter.  The 
use  of  illustrations  in  these  books  deserves  the  same 
criticism  as  that  given  on  former  volumes.  They  are 
abundant,  some  excellent,  some  good,  some  fair,  some 
poor.  Many  are  appropriate,  some  are  only  remotely 
related  to  the  subject,  and  some  even  represent  what 
is  not  the  case.  There  is  an  overplus  of  illustrations 
from  the  monuments,  whose  bearing  on  the  text  is 
barely  tangential.  The  volume  on  Joshua  is  admir- 
able, one  of  the  best  specimens  of  the  results  of  the 


subjective  literary  analysis  of  the  Old  Testament ; 
while  that  on  Ezekiel  is  an  exhibition  of  first-class 
scholarship  applied  to  one  of  the  difficult  and  most- 
neglected  books  of  the  Old  Testament. 

M<ix  Muller  Professor  Max  Mtiller's  second  vol- 

and  hiii  friends  ume  of  reminiscences  of  "  Auld  Lang 
from  India.  gyne  »  (  Scribner  )  treats  of  his  In- 

dian friends.  The  book,  while  not  so  chatty  and 
amusing  as  its  lively  predecessor,  contains  never- 
theless more  solid  meat  of  information  and  matter 
of  actual  newness.  Gossip  about  contemporary 
English  men  of  letters,  and  of  social  and  political 
celebrities,  such  as  the  earlier  volume  contains,  we 
get  nowadays  in  many  forms  and  from  many  hands ; 
but  it  is  not  by  any  means  every  man  whose  ex- 
periences qualify  him  to  write  as  interestingly  and 
instructively  of  India  and  the  Indians  as  can  the 
learned  editor  of  the  Veda  —  the  "Pundit  of  the 
Far  West,"  as  one  of  his  Hindu  friends  styles  him. 
It  is  needless,  perhaps,  to  say  that  Professor  Muller 
has  never  journeyed,  save  in  imagination,  to  India. 
Such  Indians  as  he  has  known  have  been  travellers 
from  Hindustan  who  have  sought  him  out  in  England, 
or  natives  with  whom  he  has  corresponded.  His 
name  is  naturally  a  familiar  one  to  Indian  scholars. 
The  volume  is  divided  into  five  chapters,  the  best 
one  of  which,  and  the  one  for  which  the  average 
reader  will  be  most  truly  thankful,  being  that  which 
treats  of  the  Veda  —  for,  says  Professor  Muller, 
"  Was  not  the  Veda  the  first  of  my  Indian  friends  ? 
Was  it  not  the  bridge  that  led  me  from  West  to 
East,  from  Greece  and  Italy  to  India,  nay,  from 
Dessau  to  Oxford,  from  Germany  to  England?" 
This  chapter,  besides  describing  and  explaining  the 
general  character  of  this  oldest  of  books,  contains 
eight  translations  of  Vedic  hymns,  rendered  as 
nearly  as  possible  in  the  metre  of  the  original.  The 
book  is  written  in  the  author's  usual  pleasant  style, 
and  its  theme  lies  in  a  special  sense  within  his 

province.  

Letters  from  "The  Etchingham  Letters,"  which 

an  English  have  been  appearing  serially  in  the 

family  circle.  «  Cornell "  magazine,  and  which 
Messrs.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  have  just  published  in 
book  form,  are  the  joint  work  of  Sir  Frederick 
Pollock  and  Mrs.  Fuller  Maitland,  who,  in  the  re- 
spective characters  of  Sir  Richard  Etchingham  and 
his  sister,  carry  on  a  familiar  correspondence  with 
each  other.  These  letters  have  no  story  to  tell,  or 
at  best  the  merest  thread  of  a  story  ;  but  as  we  read 
them  we  find  ourselves  becoming  intimately  ac- 
quainted with  members  of  the  Etchingham  family 
circle,  and  the  letters  come  to  have  an  interest  for 
us  that  is  almost  personal.  The  announcements  of 
this  book  speak  of  its  "  literary  flavor,"  but  the  sug- 
gestion is  misleading.  Although  written  for  publi- 
cation, they  show  hardly  a  trace  of  pose,  and  it  is 
difficult  to  realize  that  they  are  not  the  actual  cor- 
respondence of  the  members  of  a  cultivated  English 
family.  They  are  rarely  even  bookish,  and  are 
more  likely  to  tell  about  the  doings  of  the  domestic 


282 


THE    DIAL 


[Oct.  16, 


Btttiitttftnt  taut 
mtmnritt  */ 

Old  Cambridge 


cat  than  about  the  intellectual  preoccupations  of 
their  writers.  Their  charm  is  indubitable,  although 
not  easy  to  define.  It  lies  in  their  unaffacted  sim- 
plicity, in  the  entire  lack  of  anything  that  is  stilted 
in  their  expression,  and  in  the  glimpses  that  they 
give  us  of  the  intimate  daily  life  of  the  brother  and 
sister  who  keep  in  touch  with  one  another  by  their 
means.  - 

Recollections  and  memoirs  are  often 
as  uncalled  for  as  they  are  interest- 

jng|  and  it  Jg  unQ8Ual    ^    fin<i    tnem 

grouped  in  the  form  of  historical  sketches.  Mr. 
Thomas  Wentworth  Higginson,  "  In  Old  Cam- 
bridge" (Macmillan),  has  added  to  the  rapidly 
increasing  number  of  his  reminiscences,  however, 
a  somewhat  careful  volume  upon  those  of  his  friends 
who  have  done  so  much  to  make  Cambridge  the 
source  of  scholarly  and  literary  influence  through- 
out our  country.  In  a  general  way,  we  have  been 
ready  to  render  the  honor  due  to  this  town  ;  but 
after  one  has  read  this  book,  no  matter  how  strong 
has  been  his  devotion  to  the  literary  Mecca  of  New 
England,  he  will  be  convinced  that  its  importance 
has  been  underestimated.  In  a  certain  way,  it  may 
be  that  the  group  of  remarkable  men  which  Mr. 
Higginson  describes  have  become  as  remote  as  other 
classics  ;  but  for  this  very  reason  we  can  be  grate- 
ful to  the  author  for  recalling  so  distinctly  the  sev- 
eral personalities  in  connection  with  the  town  to 
which  they  were  so  uniformly  loyal.  Perhaps  aa 
interesting  as  anything  in  the  volume  is  the  account 
of  the  early  days  of  "  The  Atlantic,"  and  the  anal- 
ysis of  its  contents  into  material  that  did  or  did  not 
originate  in  Cambridge. 


BRIEFER   MENTION. 

M.  Gas  ton  Boissier  has  added  another  volume  to  bis 
already  somewhat  numerous  books  upon  popular  archae- 
ology,  and  in  "  Roman  Africa  "  (Putnam)  has  described 
the  important  but  little-known  region  of  Northern 
Africa.  The  volume  contains  an  interesting  chapter 
upon  Carthage,  and  another  upon  African  literature, 
the  latter  being  calculated  to  surprise  the  easy-going 
reader  who  has  generously  handed  over  all  Africa, 
ancient  and  modern,  to  the  negroes.  ID  fact,  the  entire 
volume  is  filled  with  information  which  hitherto  has 
been  almost  the  entire  property  of  the  special  student 
in  Roman  history.  The  volume  contains  four  maps, 
and  a  special  study  of  the  city  of  Timejad,  the  name  of 
which  is  probably  as  unknown  to  the  average  student 
of  literature  as  the  city  itself.  M.  Boissier  has  here 
rendered  the  reading  public  a  distinct  service,  and  it  is 
none  the  less  because  he  has  made  the  matter  interesting 
reading. 

"A  History  of  Literary  Criticism  in  the  Renaissance," 
by  Mr.  Joel  Elias  Spingaru,  is  a  doctor's  dissertation 
presented  to  Columbia  University,  and  is  published  in 
a  substantial  volume  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  Both  in 
bulk  and  in  solidity  of  workmanship  it  is  far  beyond 
what  we  usually  expect  such  dissertations  to  be,  and 
covers  its  ground  with  such  thoroughness  that  it  will 
not  soon  be  superseded.  The  criticism  of  Italy,  France, 


and  England,  is  discussed,  with  the  conclusion  that  the 
critical  system  first  elaborated  in  Italy  "  ultimately 
triumphed  "  in  France,  so  that  "  modern  classicism  rep- 
resents the  supremacy  of  the  French  phase,  or  version, 
of  Renaissance  Aristotelianism."  Students  of  literary 
theory  in  its  historical  aspect  will  find  this  work  an 
indispensable  part  of  their  apparatus. 

Dr.  Mary  Augusta  Scott's  classified  bibiography  of 
"  Elizabethan  Translations  from  the  Italian,"  published 
by  the  Modern  Language  Association  of  America,  has 
now  reached  its  fourth  part,  which  we  understand  com- 
pletes the  work,  although  the  author  promises  in  a 
further  paper  "  to  bring  together  the  Elizabethan  dra- 
mas that  are  Italian  in  source,  or  scene,  or  direct  sug- 
gestion." The  present  work,  as  now  completed  in  its 
four  sections,  describes  411  translations,  made  by  219 
Englishmen  from  223  Italian  authors,  and  provides 
substantial  evidence  of  the  author's  thesis  to  the  effect 
that  no  other  "  foreign  vogue,  before  or  since,  ever  took 
such  hold  upon  English  society." 

A  volume  of  «•  Elementary  Studies  in  Chemistry," 
by  Mr.  Joseph  Torrey,  Jr.,  is  published  by  the  Messrs. 
Holt.  It  is  a  text-book  of  inorganic  chemistry  upon  a 
new  plan,  combining  lectures  and  demonstrations  with 
laboratory  work  in  a  manner  that  commends  itself 
strongly  to  our  approval.  We  quote  a  few  timely  sen- 
tences from  the  preface:  "Chemistry  has  suffered 
from  the  irrepressible  wave  of  laboratory  madness 
which  has  swept  over  the  whole  educational  world.  .  .  . 
Nothing  too  severe  can  be  said  against  the  mechanical 
and  demoralizing  system  of  note-books  with  <  opera- 
tion,' '  observation,'  and  '  inference  '  headings.  They 
are  wholesale  breeders  of  dishonest  and  superficial 
work."  It  was  time  for  some  one  to  say  these  things, 
and  we  commend  the  book  most  heartily.  The  essen- 
tial aim  of  the  author  is  to  restore  the  disciplinary 
value  of  the  study,  and  his  method  is  well  worthy  of 
attention. 

The  "Second  Year  Latin"  book  (Ginu)  of  Professors 
Greenough,  D'Ooge,  and  Dauiell,  consists  of  two  parts, 
the  first  containing  nearly  a  hundred  pages  of  easy  prose, 
the  second  something  like  four  books  of  Caesar.  About 
four  hundred  pages  of  notes  and  vocabulary  supplement 
the  text,  making  a  thick  volume  altogether.  The  same 
publishers  send  us  an  edition  of  the  "  Hippolytos  "  of 
Euripides,  edited  by  Mr.  J.  E.  Harry.  "A  First  Greek 
Book"  (Harper)  is  the  work  of  Dr.  L.  L.  Forman. 
The  "  Essentials  of  Latin  "  (Eldredge)  comes  to  us  from 
Dr.  Benjamin  \\  .  Mitchell.  "  Longmans'  Illustrated 
First  Latin  Reading- Book  and  Grammar,"  by  Mr.  H. 
R.  Heatley,  is  a  very  elementary  work  indeed.  From 
the  Oxford  Clarendon  Press  we  have  a  two-page  fac- 
simile (with  reprint)  of  "  Juvenali's  ad  Satiram  Sextam 
in  Codice  Bodl.  Canon.  XLI.  Additi  Versus  XXXVI.," 
transcribed  by  Mr.  E.  O.  Winstedt. 

Miss  Hannah  Lynch's  "  Toledo,  the  Story  of  an  Old 
Spanish  Capital"  (Macmillan)  is  one  of  the  admirable 
series  treating  of  "  Mediaeval  Towns  "  in  their  various 
aspects,  and  its  particular  subject  is  of  more  than  ordin- 
ary interest,  even  where  all  is  interesting.  Toledo  has 
been  a  city  of  kings  from  before  the  days  when  no  less 
a  person  than  Hannibal  did  its  inhabitants  the  honor  of 
defeating  them.  It  possessed  a  spirit  so  indomitable 
that  neither  Roman  nor  Saracen  could  reduce  it  to  de- 
pendence, so  Miss  Lynch  tells  us.  But  to-day  it  is  in 
the  midst  of  restorations  and  other  acts  of  vandalism 
which  bid  fair  to  destroy  the  best  of  the  little  left  of 
its  wonderful  inheritance  from  the  ages. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


283 


LITERARY  NOTES. 


An  "  Advanced  Arithmetic,"  by  Mr.  W.  W.  Speer, 
has  just  been  published  by  Messrs.  Ginn  &  Co. 

The  Macmillan  Co.  send  us  a  new  edition,  two  volumes 
in  one,  of  "  The  Ralstons,"  by  Mr.  F.  Marion  Crawford. 

"  The  Jamesons,"  a  novelette  by  Miss  Mary  E. 
Wilkins,  is  published  in  a  neat  small  volume  by  the 
Doubleday  &  McClure  Co. 

"  The  Revolution  in  Tanner's  Lane,"  by  "  Mark 
Rutherford,"  appears  in  a  new  edition  from  the  press 
of  Messrs.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

"  The  Story  of  the  Living  Machine,"  by  Professor 
H.  W.  Conn,  appears  in  the  "  Library  of  Useful  Stories," 
as  published  by  the  Messrs.  Appleton. 

Mr.  John  G.  Allen's  "  Topical  Studies  in  American 
History,"  revised  and  brought  down  to  date,  has  just 
been  republished  by  the  Macmillan  Co. 

The  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.  publish  a  Kipling 
"  Single  Story  Series,"  in  the  form  of  a  box  of  five 
small  volumes,  each  of  which  contains  one  of  the  most 
popular  of  Mr.  Kipling's  tales. 

We  note  the  appearance  of  a  pretty  new  edition,  now 
bearing  the  imprint  of  Messrs.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  of 
the  "  Ballads  of  Books,"  as  chosen  by  Professor  Brander 
Matthews,  and  first  published  in  the  eighties. 

Messrs.  H.  H.  Nicholson  and  Samuel  Avery  are  the 
joint  authors  of  a  volume  of  "  Laboratory  Exercises  " 
(Holt)  to  be  used  in  the  study  of  chemistry  in  connec- 
tion with  any  elementary  text  of  the  descriptive  sort. 

Three  volumes  of  the  five  that  are  to  be  devoted  to 
the  "  Critical  and  Miscellaneous  Essays  "  in  the  "  Cen- 
tenary" edition  of  Carlyle  have  just  been  sent  us  by 
Messrs.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  the  importers  of  this 
publication. 

We  are  glad  to  note  that  Mr.  Fred  M.  Fling's 
"Studies  in  European  History"  (Lincoln:  Miller)  has 
passed  into  a  second  edition.  It  is  a  very  helpful  ad- 
junct to  the  work  of  teachers,  and  deserves  the  widest 
possible  use. 

We  have  just  received  seven  new  volumes  in  the 
"  Temple  "  edition  of  the  "  Waverley  "  Novels  (Dent- 
Scribner).  They  contain  "  The  Fair  Maid  of  Perth," 
"Anne  of  Geierstein,"  "The  Highland  Widow,"  "Castle 
Dangerous,"  and  "  Count  Robert  of  Paris." 

A  new  "  Household "  edition  of  Tennyson  has  ap- 
peared from  the  press  of  Messrs.  Houghton,  Miffl in  &  Co. 
The  text  is  that  of  the  "  Cambridge  "  edition  of  the  same 
publishers,  and  does  not  include  the  later  poems  having 
American  copyright.  There  are  many  illustrations. 

"  The  Teaching  Botanist  "  ( Macmillan ),  by  Dr. 
William  F.  Ganong,  is  a  pedagogical  manual  of  modern 
type,  which  is  calculated  to  do  good  service  in  the  work 
of  raising  its  subject  to  a  proper  level  among  the 
studies  that  are  pursued  with  disciplinary  intent  in  our 
secondary  schools. 

Under  the  auspices  and  direction  of  the  Archaeological 
Institute  of  America,  a  meeting  for  the  reading  and 
discussion  of  archaeological  papers  will  be  held  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  on  December  27,  28,  and  29,  next.  In 
the  absence  from  the  country  of  the  President  of  the 
Institute,  Professor  Charles  Eliot  Norton,  Honorary 
President  of  the  Institute,  will  deliver  the  opening  ad- 
dress on  Wednesday  evening,  December  27.  The  pres- 
ence and  active  cooperation  of  all  who  are  interested  in 
archaeology  are  desired. 


OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  170  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 


BIOGRAPHY  AND  MEMOIRS. 
The   Autobiography  and  Letters   of  Mrs.  M.  O.  W. 

Oliphant.    Arranged  and  edited  by  Mrs.  Harry  Coerhill. 

With  portraits,  large  8vo,  gilt  top,  pp.  451.    Dodd,  Mead 

&  Co.    $3.50. 

Henry  George  Liddell,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Christ  Church.  Ox- 
ford: A  Memoir.  By  Rev.  Henry  L.  Thompson,  M.A. 

Illus.,  large  8vo,  uncut,  pp.288.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  $5.  net. 
From  Howard  to  Nelson :  Twelve  Sailors.  Edited  by  John 

Knox  Laughton,  M.A.   Illus.,  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  476. 

J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.     $3.50. 
Reminiscences  and  Recollections  of  Captain  Gronow : 

Being  Anecdotes  of  the  Camp,  Court,  Clubs,  and  Society, 

1810-1860.   In  2  vols.,  illus.,  8vo,  gilt  tops,  uncut.   Charles 

Scribner's  Sons.     $4. 
Horace  Bushnell,  Preacher  and  Theologian.    By  Theodore 

T.  Munger.  With  portrait,  8vo,  gilt  top,  pp.  425.  Houghton, 

Mifflin  &  Co.    $2. 
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284 


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EZEKIEL'S  SIN.    A  Cornish  Romance. 

By  H.  H.  PEARCE, 

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ENGLISH,  FRENCH,  LATIN 


Composition 

and  Rhetoric 

for  Schools. 


By  Robert  Herrick,  A.B., 

Assistant  Professor  of 
English,  and  Lindsay 
Todd  Damon,  A.B., 
Instructor  in  English,  the 
University  of  Chicago. 

OUTLINE. 

PART  I.  is  a  study  in  expression  itself;  choice  of 
subject;  selection  of  material;  titles;  development; 
vocabulary  and  the  mechanics  of  the  sentence  and 
paragraph. 

PART  II.  considers  the  various  elements  of  Usage, 
including  chapters  on  Improprieties  and  miscellaneous 
errors. 

PART  III.  is  devoted  to  diction,  and  takes  up  the 
consideration  of  the  allied  subjects  of  Diffusenets, 
Tautology,  Redundancy,  etc.,  illustrated  by  a  variety 
of  helpful  exercises. 

PART  IV.  treats  of  the  rhetorical  laws  of  the  sen- 
tence and  of  the  paragraph. 

PART  V.  treats  of  the  structure  of  the  whole  com- 
position, the  various  kinds  of  composition,  and  of  lit- 
erary laws. 

Cloth,  476  pages,  with  full  Index  and 
Synopsis  for  Review.  Copies  will  be 
mailed  on  receipt  of  the  price,  $1.00. 


Lake 
English 
Classics. 


Under  the  editorial  super- 
vision of  Lindsay  Todd 
Damon,  A.B.,  Instruc- 
tor in  English  in  the 
University  of  Chicago. 

This  Series  of  Books  will  Appeal  to  Teachers 

FIRST:  Because  of  the  neat  cloth  binding,  beautiful 
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dent is  not  lost  in  a  perfect  tangle  of  uotes,  nor  is  he 
ever  left  without  help  where  help  is  needed." — B.  A. 
Heydrick,  Department  of  English,  State  Normal  School, 
MtiUrsville,  Pa. 

Send  for  complete  list  with  prices. 


Elements 

of 
French. 


By  Andre  Beziat  de 
Bordes,  Ph.D.,  Profes- 
sor of  Modern  Language, 
Kalamazoo  College,  Kal- 
amazoo,  Mich. 
It  gives  in  as  simple  a 
manner  as  possible  the  "  elements  "  of  French.  The 
process  of  selection  has  been  carried  on  with  extreme 
care  in  order  to  eliminate  only  those  things  not  essen- 
tial, and  at  the  same  time  to  avoid  complexity  of 
details  and  dryness  of  technicality,  while  giving  all  the 
technicality  necessary  to  understand  the  mechanism  of 
the  language. 

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NOW  READY!  The  Best,  Most  Complete,  and  Most  Authoritative 
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By  Q.  W.  STEEVENS 

(Author  of  "With  Kitchener  to  Khartum ") 


STRONG   AND   DRAMATIC 

Mr.  Steevens  .  .  .  will  not  easily  be 
surpassed  in  the  dramatic  vigor  and  the 
directness  of  the  impressions  which  he 
conveys.  He  puts  the  case  strongly,  and 
the  more  so  because  he  is  manifestly 
anxious  to  take  no  side,  presenting  the 
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GRAPHIC  AS   FICTION 

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events  are  as  graphic  as  the  description 
of  imaginary  events  in  the  works  of 
the  best  writers  of  fiction. — Literature 
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CLEAR,  CONCISE,  AND  TRENCHANT 

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THE  TRAGEDY  OF   DREYFUS 

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As  Told  by  Cennino  Cennini  in  1437.  How  they  ground  and 
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WEATHER    LORE. 

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THE  HOUSE  OF  THE  SORCERER 

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AN   AMERICAN   OPINION. 

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gether an  exceptional  book. 

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1899.]  THE     DIAL,  297 

BRIEF  MEMOIRS   OF  EMINENT  AMERICANS. 

THE 

BEACON   BIOGRAPHIES. 

Edited  by  M.  A.  DeWolfe  Howe. 

The  following  volumes  are  published  this  Fall  : 

John  Brown,  Frederick  Douglass, 

By  Joseph  Edgar  Chamberlain.  By  Charles  W.  Chesnutt. 

Aaron  Burr,  Nathaniel  Hawthorne, 

By  Henry  Childs  Merwin.  By  Mrs.  James  T.  Fields. 

Thomas   Paine,   By  Ellery  Sedgwick. 

The  following  were  issued  in  the  Spring  : 

Phillips  Brooks,  Robert  E.  Lee, 

By  the  Editor.  By  W.  P.  Trent, 

David  G.  Farragut,  James  Russell  Lowell, 

By  James  Barnes.  By  Edward  Everett  Hale,  Jr. 

Daniel  Webster,  By  Norman  Hapgood. 

A  mong  those  in  preparation  are : 

John  James  Audubon,  James  Fenimore  Cooper, 

By  John  Burroughs.  By  W.  B.  Shubrick  Clymer. 

Edwin  Booth,  Benjamin  Franklin. 

By  Charles  Townsend  Copeland.  By  Lindsay  Swift. 

Sam   Houston,   By  Sarah  Barnwell  Elliott. 

THE  BEACON  BIOGRAPHIES  were  issued  to  meet  what  in  the  opinion  of  the  Editor  and  the  Pub- 
lishers, was  a  direct  need  in  American  literature, —  a  series  of  brief,  well-written,  readable,  and 
authoritative  biographies  of  eminent  Americans,  to  include,  in  the  end,  all  whose  lives  were  notably  dis- 
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"The  Reds  of  the  Midi"  and  "The  Terror." 
16mo,  cloth,  81.50. 


For  tale  by  all  booktellert,  or  tent  by  mail,  pott  paid,  on  receipt  of  price,  fry  the  Publisher*, 

D.  APPLETON  &  COMPANY,  No.  72  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York, 


THE  DIAL 

Journal  of  Utterarg  Criticism,  Discussion,  ano  Information. 


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THE  DIAL,  Fine  Arts  Building,  Chicago. 


No.  321. 


NOV.  1,  1899.        Vol.  XXVII. 


CONTENTS. 


IDIOM  AND  IDEAL 


PASS 

.  305 


FOE  COMING  TO  HIS  KINGDOM.    Henry  Austin    307 

COMMUNICATIONS 308 

The  Meaning  of  "  The  Man  with  the  Hoe."     Gran- 

ville  Davisson  Hall. 
Hast  Thou  Seen  Your  Father?     W.  H.  Carruth. 

A  MEMOIR  OF  DEAN  LIDDELL.    E.  G.  J.    .    .  310 

THE   HEART   OF    THE    CIVIL   WAR.     .Francis 

Wayland  Shepardson 312 

IBSEN  AND  BJO'RNSON.     William  Morton  Payne  .  314 

RECENT  BOOKS  OF  TRAVEL.  H.  M.  Stanley  .  316 
Englehardt's  A  Russian  Province  of  the  North. — 
Meldrum's  Holland  and  the  Hollanders. — Vivian's 
Tunisia  and  the  Modern  Barbary  Pirates. — Gibson's 
Sketches  in  Egypt. —  Neufeld's  A  Prisoner  of  the 
Khaleefa. —  Kavageorgevitch's  Enchanted  India. — 
Foss's  From  the  Himalayas  to  the  Equator. —  Shoe- 
maker's Quaint  Corners  of  Ancient  Empires. —  Mrs. 
Little's  Intimate  China.  —  Whitney's  Hawaiian- 
America. —  Kirk's  Twelve  Months  in  Klondike. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 319 

Methods  and  materialsof  literary  criticism. — France's 
solace  from  Solferino. — Essays  on  poetry,  politics, 
and  religion. —  The  earlier  plays  of  M.  Rostand. — 
"Fisherman's  Luck"  and  other  stories.  —  Some 
aspects  of  modern  life. —  Two  volumes  of  Captain 
Gronow. —  A  history  of  Freethought. —  Letters  to  a 
friend,  by  Emerson. —  England's  Abbey  pictured  and 
described. — Stories  of  the  Railroad  and  Telegraph. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 323 

LITERARY  NOTES 324 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS 326 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  325 


IDIOM  AND  IDEAL. 

Elizabeth  Barrett,  in  one  of  her  letters  to 
Robert  Browning,  asked  him  whether  he  con- 
sidered "  the  sailor  -  idiom  to  be  lawful  in 
poetry,"  adding  that,  for  her  part,  she  does 
not.  The  reply  runs  as  follows :  "  The  Sailor 
Language  is  good  in  its  way ;  but  as  wrongly 
used  in  Art  as  real  clay  and  mud  would  be,  if 
one  plastered  them  in  the  foreground  of  a  land- 
scape in  order  to  attain  to  so  much  truth."  To  all 
of  this  Miss  Barrett  assents,  remarking  further 
that  "  art  without  an  ideal  is  neither  nature  nor 
art.  The  question  involves  the  whole  difference 
between  Madame  Tussaud  and  Phidias." 

The  question  of  aesthetics  thus  raised  is  one 
of  peculiar  interest  to  the  present  period,  and 
has  become  far  more  burning  than  it  could 
have  been  when  the  above  correspondence  was 
exchanged.  There  are  few  features  of  the  re- 
cent literary  situation  as  noteworthy  as  the  large 
production  and  wide  vogue  of  writings  which 
exploit  some  special  form  of  idiom  and  rely  for 
their  main  interest  upon  the  appeal  to  curiosity 
thus  made.  The  idiom  of  the  sailor  and  the 
soldier,  the  rustic  and  the  mechanic,  have  el- 
bowed their  way  into  literature,  and  demand 
their  share  of  the  attention  hitherto  accorded 
chiefly  to  educated  speech.  The  normal  type 
of  English  expression  has  to  jostle  for  recog- 
nition with  the  local  and  abnormal  types  of  the 
Scotchman  and  the  Irishman,  the  negro  and  the 
baboo,  and,  in  our  own  country  particularly, 
with  such  uncouth  mixtures  as  those  of  the 
German  -  American  and  Scandinavian  -  Ameri- 
can. Examples  lie  upon  every  hand.  We 
think  at  once  of  the  "  kailyard  "  group  of  story- 
tellers, of  "Mr.  Dooley  "  and  Mr.  Seumas  Mc- 
Manus,  of  Mr.  J.  W.  Eiley  and  "  Charles  Eg- 
bert  Craddock,"  and,  foremost  among  all  these 
phenomena,  of  the  writings  of  Mr.  Kipling. 

An  observer  who  looks  beyond  the  momen- 
tary caprices  of  literary  fashion  is  compelled  ta 
ask,  in  the  contemplation  of  so  great  a  volume 
of  dialect  and  specialized  jargon,  whether  thia 
sort  of  work  can  claim  to  be  literature  in  any 
high  sense  of  the  term.  Does  the  speech  of 
Tommy  Atkins  and  Marse  Chan,  the  dialect 
of  Drumtochty  and  Donegal,  the  locution  of 
the  Hoosier  farmer  and  the  Bowery  tough, 
have  anything  of  the  antiseptic  quality  that 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


preserves  a  story  or  a  poem  and  enables  it  to 
delight  successive  generations  of  readers.  The 
history  of  our  literature  is  fairly  instructive 
upon  this  point.  With  few  exceptions,  the 
writings  of  the  past  that  have  relied  mainly 
upon  their  use  of  an  abnormal  idiom  have 
passed  completely  out  of  the  memory  of  men. 
It  is  true  that  such  a  novel  as  "The  Anti- 
quary" and  such  a  poem  as  "The  Northern 
Farmer  "  have  assured  places  among  the  works 
that  live,  but  how  easy  it  is  to  see  that  their 
idiom  is  merely  an  accident  of  their  production, 
and  not  the  determining  motive.  They  survive 
in  spite  of  their  departure  from  accepted  modes 
of  expression,  and  not  in  consequence  thereof. 
But  nine-tenths  of  our  latter-day  jargon- 
mongers  have  for  their  whole  stock-in-trade 
some  grotesque  form  of  English  speech ;  strip 
them  of  this,  and  the  revelation  of  their  poverty 
would  be  indeed  pitiful.  They  offer  novelty, 
and  they  amuse  for  an  hour  the  novelty-seeking 
section  of  the  public.  A  little  later,  their  books 
collect  dust  upon  the  library  shelves,  and  the 
counter  of  the  dry-goods  store  sees  them  no  more. 

The  case  of  Mr.  Kipling  offers  so  typical  an 
illustration  of  the  proposition  with  which  we 
are  now  concerned  that  it  deserves  close  ex- 
amination. We  should  be  the  last  to  deny  the 
noble  qualities  of  Mr.  Kipling's  art  in  its  finer 
manifestations.  While  it  almost  never  gives 
evidence  of  that  labor  limes  of  which  the  really 
great  masters  are  so  lavish,  its  primesautier 
quality,  its  downright  energy  and  superb  emo- 
tional appeal,  compel  our  admiration,  and 
almost  make  us  wish  that  the  praise  bestowed 
might  be  ungrudging.  If  we  judge  Mr.  Kip- 
ling by  his  good  work  alone,  as  every  poet  has 
a  right  to  be  judged,  he  must  be  given  a  place 
among  the  dozen  or  so  of  living  English  singers 
•who  approach  most  closely  the  height  now  oc- 
cupied in  solitary  eminence  by  Mr.  Swinburne. 
As  a  writer  of  prose  narrative  he  has  taken  a 
lesson  from  Mr.  Bret  Harte,  and  bettered  the 
instruction.  He  is  not  one  of  the  great  novel- 
ists, but  the  best  of  his  stories  have  a  fair 
chance  of  being  read  well  along  in  the  twentieth 
century.  So  much,  and  possibly  more,  must 
be  accorded  him  by  every  sober-minded  critic. 

But  between  this  measured  and  deserved 
praise  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  wild  acclaim 
of  Mr.  Kipling's  present  vogue  on  the  other, 
there  is  a  great  gulf  fixed.  And  when  we 
come  to  inquire  into  the  causes  of  the  vogue, 
we  find  that  it  has  little  to  do  with  his  best 
work.  It  is  the  "  Danny  Deever  "  sort  of  poem, 
and  not  "The  English  Flag"  sort  of  poem, 


which  nine  out  of  ten  of  his  vociferous  ad- 
mirers have  in  mind  when  they  proclaim  him  a 
poet  after  their  own  heart ;  and  it  is  the  Mul- 
vaney  sort  of  story,  rather  than  "  The  Finest 
Story  in  the  World,"  that  they  are  really 
thinking  of  when  they  assert  that  he  is  first 
and  the  rest  nowhere  among  story-tellers.  A 
vogue  that  is  based  upon  such  judgments  as 
these  has  a  precarious  vitality,  and  the  reasons 
for  which  Mr.  Kipling  will  be  held  in  honor- 
able literary  remembrance  are  very  different 
from  those  that  determine  his  present  popu- 
larity. It  may  be  said  that  "The  Recessional  " 
affords  common  ground  upon  which  the  man  of 
taste  and  the  groundling  may  stand  in  voicing 
the  praises  of  its  author.  This  is,  no  doubt,  a 
fine  poem,  although  not  without  obvious  faults, 
and  it  is  greatly  to  the  credit  of  the  uncritical 
public  that  the  poem  found  so  responsive  an 
echo  in  so  many  hearts.  But  when  we  find 
many  of  the  same  voices  raised  in  .'prai.se  of 
"The  White  Man's  Burden,"  apparently  not 
knowing  the  difference  between  the  two,  the 
situation  "  gives  to  think,"  as  the  French  say. 
And  when  we  hear  "  The  Recessional "  recited 
approvingly  by  men  who  deny  that  their  own 
nation  should  ever,  no  matter  how  greatly  it  has 
sinned,  make  the  "  ancient  sacrifice  "  of  "  an  hum- 
ble and  a  contrite  heart,"  -  by  men,  in  short, 
upon  whose  lips  such  words  are  blasphemy,  — 
we  may  see  the  difference  between  lip-service  and 
sympathetic  appreciation  of  a  poem,  and  take 
at  something  like  its  true  value  the  popular  esti- 
mate of  this  particular  poem  and  its  author. 

"  The  sailor  language  is  good  in  its  way," 
as  Browning  said ;  but  it  is  not  the  way  of 
great  literature.  And  the  same  observation 
holds  true  of  the  soldier  language,  and  the 
locomotive  -  driver  language,  and  the  Anglo- 
Indian  language. 

"  For  it's  Tommy  this,  an'  Tommy  that,  an  '  Chuck  him  out, 

the  brute ! ' 

But  it's '  Saviour  of  'is  country '  when  the  Runs  begin  to  shoot ; 
An'  it's  Tommy  this,  an'  Tommy  that,  an'  anything  you 

please; 
An'  Tommy  ain't  a  hloomin1  fool— you  bet  that  Tommy 

sees!" 

This  sort  of  thing  is  amusing,  and  vigorous, 
and  even  ethically  sound  ;  but  it  is  not  litera- 
ture, for  it  does  not  square  with  the  sober  defi- 
nitions. What,  for  example,  has  it  to  do  with 
Mr.  Morley's  "Literature  consists  of  all  the 
books  .  .  .  where  moral  truth  and  human  pas- 
sion are  touched  with  a  certain  largeness,  sanity, 
and  attractiveness  of  form"?  And  what  re- 
motest point  of  contact  does  it  have  with  this 
statement  of  Pater's  abstract  jestheticism :  "All 
art  constantly  aspires  toward  the  condition  of 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


307 


music  —  music,  then,  and  not  poetry,  as  is  so 
often  supposed,  is  the  true  type  or  measure  of 
perfected  art"?  Not  merely  does  the  bulk  of 
Mr.  Kipling's  work  —  and  of  the  work  of  those 
countless  lesser  writers  among  whom  he  occu- 
pies a  typical  position  —  fail  to  become  art  in 
anything  like  this  transcendental  sense,  but  it 
does  not  even  seek  to  be  art  in  the  narrow  sense 
that  takes  literature  to  be  a  self-contained  pro- 
cess, with  its  own  exclusive  ideals.  It  does  not 
aim  to  be  ideal  at  all,  but  tries  to  outdo  the 
rudest  realism  hitherto  known.  Reverting  once 
more  to  Browning's  trenchant  comment,  it 
plasters  its  clay  and  mud  in  the  foreground  of 
the  landscape,  and  wins  a  cheap  popular  ap- 
plause for  its  deftness,  while  the  judicious  stand 
apart  and  grieve  at  so  violent  a  renunciation  of 
idealism.  For  art,  to  be  art  at  all,  must  be 
ideal.  While  it  is  true  that 

"  Beyond  that  art 

Which  you  say  adds  to  nature,  is  an  art 
That  nature  makes," 

it  nevertheless  remains  the  duty  of  the  artist  to 
add  to  nature  in  the  measure  permitted  by  his 
imagination;  failing  in  this  task,  or  deliberately 
eschewing  it,  he  is  recreant  to  his  calling,  and 
his  work  has  no  excuse  for  existence. 


POE   COMING   TO  HIS  KINGDOM. 

To  one  who  tries  to  study  Literature  in  the  large, 
it  seems  as  if  we  were  just  now  passing  through  one 
of  those  irritating  transition  periods  in  which  all 
standards  are  lowered  or  confused,  in  which  Con- 
glomeration reigns,  taste  gets  freaky  or  fantastical, 
and  True  Art  hides  her  head  or  goes  to  sleep.  Of 
course,  all  periods  are  transitional ;  but  some  by 
their  accentuation  acquire  the  especial  name,  when 
literary  or  historic  annals  are  compiled,  and  balances 
just,  or  approximate,  are  struck. 

But,  irritating  as  the  present  period  may  or  must 
be  to  the  subtlest  nerves  of  criticism,  it  is  not  with- 
out its  assuring  signs,  its  cloudless  promises.  The 
most  cheering  of  present  omens  —  more  than  an 
omen  ;  indeed,  almost  a  right  earnest  —  is  the  final 
rendering  of  complete  literary  justice  in  the  land  of 
his  birth  to  that  genuine  man  of  letters  whom  the 
critical  consensus  of  Europe  has  long  acclaimed  as 
our  greatest  literary  genius.  The  recognition  is 
rather  late,  but,  clearly,  it  is  to  be  lasting.  Edgar 
Allan  Poe, — "  the  Yankee  Yahoo,"  a  stupid  English 
reviewer  once  called  him,  "  that  jingle-man  "  Emer- 
son with  unwonted  blindness  or  bitterness  labelled 
him,  while  Lowell,  who  knew  better,  spoke  of  him 
as  "  three-fifths  genius  and  two-fifths  sheer  fudge," 
—  has  come,  at  last,  to  his  kingdom.  When  the 
University  of  Virginia,  the  Alma  Mater  from  which 
he  was  not  expelled  and  where  he  was  never  cen- 
sured even  for  alleged  vices  then  common  among 


the  sons  of  Virginian  gentry,  honored  his  memory, 
but  chiefly  itself,  by  celebrating  on  October  seventh 
the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  his  untimely  death,  and 
by  unveiling,  with  fitting  ceremonies  of  prayer, 
poem,  and  address,  a  fine  bust  by  an  excellent 
sculptor,  this  long-delayed  rendition  of  poetic  justice, 
this  formal  recognition  in  America  of  his  world-wide 
fame  and  genius,  was  made  complete. 

The  choice  of  essayist  for  the  occasion  may  be 
fairly  considered  a  happy  inspiration  on  the  part  of 
the  committee,  Professors  Kent  and  Harrison.  Mr. 
Hamilton  W.  Mabie  rose  to  his  theme  easily,  and 
in  the  agreement  of  all  brother  critics  who  had  the 
pleasure  of  hearing  him  deliver  his  choicely  chosen 
phrases,  he  surpassed  all  his  former  adventures  in 
the  field  of  criticism.  Mr.  Mabie  happily  steered 
between  the  Scylla  of  loose  laudation  and  the 
Charybdis  of  exaggeration  where  so  many  admirers 
of  Poe  have  been  drowned,  and  at  the  same  time 
he  announced  that  Poe  was  entitled  to  the  first  place 
in  American  letters  by  virtue  of  possessing  a  most 
exacting  literary  conscience  and  producing  works 
of  the  clearest  and  finest  art.  His  essay,  which 
will  appear  soon  in  the  "  Atlantic  Monthly,"  and  to 
which  I  eagerly  commend  all  readers  of  THE  DIAL, 
was  as  convincing  in  its  equations  as  it  was  tem- 
perate in  its  eloquence. 

But  more  convincing  still  as  to  Poe's  position  at 
the  present  day  were  the  letters  which  arrived  from 
all  parts  of  the  country,  in  which  many  of  the  most 
justly  distinguished  men  and  women  of  the  literary 
craft  paid  cordial  tribute  to  the  great  man  whom 
his  own  day  and  generation  kept  close  on  the  brink 
of  starvation  and  stimulated  to  seek  solace  in  those 
occasional  excesses  to  which,  most  unfortunately, 
he  appears  to  have  had  a  terrible  pre-natal  bias.  It 
was  clear  from  those  letters,  too,  that  not  only  has 
the  silly  old  sectional  animosity,  at  the  bottom  of  so 
much  general  mischief  and  operant  to  a  consider- 
able degree  against  Poe  in  his  life,  entirely  vanished, 
but  that  an  almost  absolute  unanimity  of  opinion  as 
to  his  literary  merits  has  come  in  the  literary  world. 
Few  names  of  any  importance  or  promise  of  perma- 
nence were  missing  from  the  illustrious  list  of  those 
whose  letters  hailed  Poe  as  America's  most  illustrious 
writer  and  most  luminous  literary  influence.  Thus, 
indeed,  was  verified  by  example  Professor  Minto's 
apt  dictum  years  ago :  "  The  feelings  to  which  Poe 
appeals  are  simple  but  universal,  and  he  appeals  to 
them  with  a  force  that  has  never  been  surpassed." 
Mr.  Minto  should  have  written  "  power  "  instead  of 
"  force."  The  distinction  is  infinite,  though  fine ;  and 
was  never  more  applicable  than  in  the  case  of  Poe's 
writings.  There  is  no  blare  of  trumpets,  no  firing 
of  rockets,  in  the  main  and  mass  of  Poe's  work. 
Nearly  all  are  developed  in  the  calm  of  a  sure  ele- 
mental energy.  Even  his  "  pot-boilers  "  bear  traces 
of  this  power  and  of  that  splendid  conscientiousness 
on  which  Mr.  Mabie  did  not  harp  any  too  much. 

Such  a  vast  amount  of  twaddle  has  been  circu- 
lated about  Poe's  personal  character,  his  bad  habits, 
his  lack  of  moral  perceptions,  his  indifference  to  the 


308 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


esteem  of  his  fellow  men,  that  one  shrinks  from 
dignifying  it  with  much  attention  or  keeping  alive 
the  poor  little  fames  of  Foe's  chief  libellers  by 
citing  their  names  with  their  absurd  accusations. 
Lowell's  little  outfling  of  unworthy  spleen  can  be 
easily  forgiven.     Foe  forgave  it  in  advance  by  de- 
fending Lowell  from  an  English  blackguard  of  the 
pen,  and  proclaiming  Lowell  as  one  of  the  noblest 
poets  America  had  then  produced.     Emerson,  who 
was  a  greater  poet  in  the  rough,  to  my  mind,  than 
Lowell,  must  be  pardoned  for  his  bitterness  —  Foe 
had  ridiculed  his  proneness  to  play  Sir  Oracle ;  or 
possibly  it  was  not  bitterness,  but  a  mere  blindness 
to  Foe's  art  and  a  deafness  to  Foe's  music.    Yet  Foe 
was  recognized  in  a  measure,  when  alive,  by  men 
of  real  intellectual  fibre.     There  is  the  recognition 
of  hostility  as  well  as  that  of  cordial  appreciation 
and  friendship.    Perhaps,  too,  there  is  in  it  more  cer- 
tainty of  permanent  fame  and  influence.   That  Foe 
enjoyed  his  isolation,  to  some  degree,  is  not  unlikely. 
Some  natures,  though  not  unphilanthropic,  are  at- 
tuned for  solitude :  some  talents  ripen  in  the  shade. 
There  has  been,  it  seems  to  me,  considerable  mis- 
chief done  to  Foe  and  the  cause  of  truth  by  the  over- 
zeal  of  some  of  his  champions.    The  medial  sound 
fact  of  this  whole  matter  appears  to  be  that  Foe, 
though  an  almost  perfect  artist,  scarcely  deserved 
that  any  man  should  pray  to  him  every  morning  as 
Baudelaire  used  to  do ;  that  Foe,  though  possessed  of 
many  winning  and  gracious  attributes  when  sane,  did 
some  dreadful  and  dreadfully  strange  things,  when 
not  in  sober  senses ;  that,  as  he  happened  to  be  a  man 
of  genius  and  temperament  combative  at  all  times,  his 
flaws  and  failings,  which  would  have  passed  compar- 
atively unnoticed  in  an  ordinary  person,  got  blazoned 
broadcast  to  the  world.  HENRY  AUSTIN. 


COMMUNICA  TIONS. 

THE  MEANING  OF  "THE  MAN  WITH  THE  HOE." 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

The  comment  of  your  reviewer,  in  THE  DIAL  of  Oct. 
1,  on  Mr.  Markham's  poem  of  "  The  Man  with  the  Hoe" 
is  fairer  than  a  great  many  things  said  on  the  subject, 
but  still  seems  to  me  not  quite  to  the  point. 

"  The  Man  with  the  Hoe "  as  conceived  by  Millet 
and  understood  by  Mr.  Mark  ham,  I  suggest,  is  not  the 
product  of  ordinary  social  conditions  nor  the  represen- 
tative of  the  ordinary  agricultural  class.  It  is  surely 
a  misapprehension  of  Mr.  Markham's  thought  to  sup- 
pose he  meant  to  reflect  on  that  class,  that  he  looked 
on  Millet's  delineation  as  typical  of  them,  or  that  he 
charged  such  a  prod  net  to  Labor. 

It  is  not  labor,  duly  rewarded  and  performed  under 
conditions  benefitting  the  dignity  of  human  nature,  that 
produces  the  man  depicted  by  the  painter.  It  is  op- 
pression—  labor  without  compensation,  the  hardship 
and  wrong  of  toil  and  sacrifice  unrequited,  an  undue 
share  of  the  burden  of  government  —  running  through 
long  periods,  that  ripens  such  deadly  fruit.  Such  were 
the  conditions  that  led,  by  a  long  and  toilsome  road, 
down  to  the  French  revolution.  Mr.  Markham,  with  the 
vision  of  a  seer,  sees  the  menace  of  related  conditions, 


to  result  from  not  unlike  causes,  in  the  darkening  and 
not  remote  future  even  in  this  most  favored  land. 

In  the  first  volume  of  Carlyle's  "  French  Revolution," 

,   where  be  is  digging  down  to  the  causes  that  underlay 

the  mighty  convulsion  which  is  the  subject  of  his  history, 

he    sees  with  reverted  eye  "the  twenty-five  million* 

working  people  "  of  France  "  with  whom  it  is  not  so 

well";  whom  "we  lump  together,"  be  says,  "into  a 

I  dim,  compendious  unity,  monstrous  but  dim,  far  off,  as 

the  canaille  "',  whom  he  follows  "over  broad  France, 

into  their  clay  hovels,  into  their  garrets  and  hutches"; 

!   masses  yet  units,  "  every  unit  of  whom  has  his  own  heart 

and  sorrows;  stands  covered  there  with  his  own  skin," 

and    who   if    you    "prick    him"    will    "bleed"  .   .   . 

"Dreary,  languid  do  these  struggle  in  their  obscure 

remoteness;  their  hearth  cheerless,  their  diet  thin.    For 

them  in  this  world  rises  no  Era  of  Hope.  .  .  .  Untaught, 

uncomforted,  unfed!     A  dumb  generation;  their  voice 

only  an  inarticulate  cry.  ...  At  rare  intervals  (as  now 

in  1775)  they  will  fling  down  their  hoes  and  hammers, 

and  to  the  astonishment  of    thinking  mankind    flock 

{   hither  and  thither,  dangerous,  aimless;  get  the  length 

I  even  of  Versailles  ";  where  in  May,  1775,  in  answer  to 

!   their  Petition  of  Grievances,  "  two  of  them  are  hanged 

I   on  a  'new  gallows  forty  feet  high,'  and  the  rest  driven 

:   back  to  their  dens  —  for  a  time." 

Further  along  in  the  same  chapter,  the  elder  Mira- 
I  beau  describes  the  "  Man  with  the  Hoe  "  as  he  saw  him 
j  from  his  Iodging.s  at  the  Baths  of  Mt.  D'Or: 

"The  savages  descending  in  torrents  from  the  mountains 
I  ...  frightful  men,  or  rather  frightful  wild  animals,  clad  in 
,  jupes  of  coarse  woolen,  with  large  girdles  of  leather  studded 
with  copper  nails;  of  gigantic  stature,  heightened  by  high 
wooden  sabots  .  .  .  their  faces  haggard  and  covered  with 
their  long  greasy  hair ;  the  upper  part  of  the  visage  waxing 
pale,  the  lower  distorting  itself  into  the  attempt  at  a  cruel 
laugh  and  a  sort  of  ferocious  impatience.  And  these  people 
pay  the  taille .'  And  yon  want  further  to  take  their  salt  from 
them !  And  you  know  not  what  it  is  you  are  stripping  barer, 
or,  as  yon  call  it,  governing ;  what,  by  the  spurt  of  your  pen, 
in  its  cold,  dastard  indifference,  you  will  fancy  you  can  starve 
always  with  impunity  ;  always  till  the  catastrophe  come!'1 
Thus  the  old  Marquis.  And  in  the  next  chapter  Carlyle : 
"  Before  those  five  and  twenty  laboring  millions  could  get 
that  haggardness  of  face,  which  old  Mirabean  now  looks  on, 
in  a  nation  calling  itself  Christian  and  calling  man  the  brother 
of  man  —  what  unspeakable,  nigh-infinite  Dishonesty  in  all 
manner  of  Rulers,  and  appointed  Watchers,  spiritual  and 
temporal,  must  there  not  through  long  ages  have  gone  on 
accumulating ! " 

It  was  such  woes  as  these,  cumulating  through  centu- 
ries —  down  to  the  States  General,  to  the  fall  of  the  Bas- 
tille, to  the  later  Terror,  such  woes  as  no  other  civilized 
country  ever  produced  or  endured  —  that  Mr.  Markham 
must  have  seen  in  Millet's  distorted  image  of  outraged 
humanity  when  he  penned  that  last  expressive  stanza: 
"  O,  masters,  lords  and  rulers  in  all  lands, 
How  will  the  future  reckon  with  this  man  ? 
How  answer  his  brute  question  in  that  hour 
When  whirlwinds  of  rebellion  shake  the  world  ? 
How  will  it  be  with  kingdoms  and  with  kings  — 
With  those  who  shaped  him  to  the  thing  he  is  — 
When  this  dumb  terror  shall  reply  to  God 
After  the  silence  of  the  centuries  ?" 
History  has  recorded,  in  characters  never  to  be  ex- 
punged, the  answer  to  this  "  brute  question  "  when  it 
was  asked  in  the  stormy  days  of  Louis  Capet  and  Marie 
Antoinette;    and  we  may  depend  that  whenever  and 
wherever  —  even  if  it  should  be  in  this  "land  of  the 
free" — a  like  question  presents  itaelf,  the  answer  will 
be  of  like  character. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


309 


Mr.  Markham's  poem  is  not  only  interpreted  but 
justified  by  history  and  by  economic  philosophy.  It  is 
an  arraignment  of  forces  that  are  gathering  a  menac- 
ing power  for  evil  in  this  country.  It  is,  in  his  own 
words,  "  A  protest  that  is  also  a  prophecy." 

GRANVILLE  DAVISSON  HALL. 

Glencoe,  111,  Oct.  IS,  1899. 


HAST  THOU  SEEN  YOUR  FATHER? 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

Is  there  anyone  at  all  trained  in  speech  who  would 
to-day  use  such  a  conjunction  of  pronouns  as  the  above, 
or  whose  ear  would  not  be  offended  by  it  if  it  were 
read  or  spoken  by  another  ?  Teachers  of  foreign  lan- 
guages are  brought  into  such  constant  contact  with  the 
offence  through  slovenly  translations  that  they  become 
perhaps  morbidly  sensitive  to  it.  Therefore  I  ask  the 
question  seriously.  Inasmuch  as  neither  '  thou '  nor  '  ye ' 
is  any  longer  used  in  common  speech,  our  feeling  for 
the  nice  use  of  them  is  of  course  less  quick  and  instinct- 
ive than  in  the  case  of,  let  us  say,  verbal  agreement. 

The  general  distinctions  between  the  three  pronouns 
of  the  second  person,  especially  as  observed  in  earlier 
stages  of  the  language,  are  familiar  enough :  '  thou ' 
from  superiors  to  inferiors,  among  equals  when  intimate, 
and  for  the  familiarity  of  endearment  or  contempt ; 
'ye'  from  inferiors  to  superiors,  and  of  course  as  the 
plural  of  'thou';  'you,'  originally  the  encroachment  of 
the  oblique  cases  of  '  ye '  upon  the  nominative,  then  the 
formal  and  polite  plural  and  singular  where  the  feeling 
for  '  thou '  or  '  ye '  was  not  strong,  and  finally  the  sole 
customary  form  both  singular  and  plural.  In  literature 
the  use  of  '  thou '  and  '  ye,'  singular  and  plural  respect- 
ively, secures  the  general  effect  of  elevation ;  while 
there  is  more  or  less  attempt  to  retain  the  old  distinc- 
tion between  '  thou '  and  '  ye '  singular,  the  result  of  the 
latter  usage  being  a  degree  of  archaism.  When  a 
transition  is  made  from  'you'  to  '  thou '  or  '  ye,'  it  is 
common  to  seek  for  a  corresponding  change  in  attitude 
on  the  part  of  the  speaker. 

But  it  will  not  do  to  insist  upon  intention  in  this 
direction,  even  in  the  best  writers.  No  writer  of  our 
time  has  written  more  in  the  loftiest  tone  than  Tennyson. 
In  "  The  Idyls  of  the  King,"  not  only  is  there  the  gen- 
eral elevation  of  style  which  is  expected  in  the  epic  and 
the  heroic  drama,  but  there  is  a  studied  archaism  which 
would  warrant  us  in  anticipating  the  nice  distinctions 
of  the  older  stages  of  the  language.  But  the  master 
has  disappointed  me  so  sorely  that  I  almost  hesitate  to 
criticize  any  longer  even  such  a  sentence  as  that  which 
I  have  used  for  a  title  to  this  note.  '  Thou,'  '  thyself,' 
'you,'  'yourself,'  and  'ye'  are  used  almost  if  not 
altogether  without  discrimination.  The  only  limitation 
that  even  looks  like  a  distinction  is  in  the  language  used 
by  and  to  Arthur.  Of  eighteen  persons  to  whom  he 
speaks,  he  uses  '  thou  '  alone  to  thirteen.  The  exceptions 
are  Guinevere,  to  whom  in  "  Elaine  "  he  uses '  thou,' « ye,' 
and  'you';  Lynette,  to  whom  he  uses  both  'thou'  and 
'  ye ';  Geraint,  to  whom  he  uses  only  '  ye  ';  and  Gawain, 
to  whom  he  uses  all  three  of  the  simple  forms.  Arthur 
uses  '  ye  '  and  '  you  '  in  but  three  idyls  — "  Elaine,"  "  The 
Last  Tournament,"  and  "  Gareth  and  Lynette."  On  the 
other  hand,  of  eighteen  persons  who  speak  to  Arthur, 
only  three  use  any  pronoun  but '  thou.'  These  are  Guine- 
vere, who  uses  all  three,  in  "  Guinevere  "  and  "  The  Last 
Tournament ";  Lancelot,  who  in  "  Guinevere  "  once  uses 
'you';  and  Gareth,  who  uses  'thou'  and  'ye.' 

I  have  examined  the  numerical  balance  in  the  case  of 


Guinevere,  Lancelot,  and  the  others,  but  find  no  evident 
preference  for  one  pronoun  or  another,  and  no  distinction 
in  their  application.  Without  citing  the  many  changes 
from  one  situation  or  speech  to  another,  I  will  give  a 
few  illustrations  of  changes  within  one  and  the  same 
speech.  The  first  is  from  "  Gareth  and  Lynette,"  about 
140  lines  from  the  beginning,  Bellicent  speaking: 
"  Ay,  go  then,  and  ye  must :  only  one  proof, 

Before  thou  ask  the  King  to  make  thee  knight, 

Of  thine  obedience  and  thy  love  to  me, 

Thy  mother,  I  demand." 

Or  again,  about  line  740,  Lancelot  speaking  : 
"Nay,  wherefore  wilt  thou  go  against  the  King, 

For  that  did  never  he  whereon  ye  rail. 

But  ever  meekly  served  the  King  in  thee." 
Again,  some  95  lines  further,  the  stranger  baron  speak- 
ing to  Gareth: 

"  Good  now,  ye  have  saved  a  life 

Worth  somewhat  as  the  cleanser  of  this  wood. 

And  fain  would  I  reward  thee  worehipfully. 

What  guerdon  will  ye  ?  " 

Finally,  to  pass  from  this  idyl,  about  108  lines  from  the 
end,  Lynette  speaking  to  Gareth : 

"  I  curse  the  tongue  that  all  thro'  yesterday 
Reviled  thee,  and  hath  wrought  on  Lancelot  now 
To  lend  thee  horse  and  shield :  wonders  ye  have  done ; 
Miracles  ye  cannot :  here  is  glory  enow 
In  having  flung  the  three :  I  see  thee  maimed. 
Mangled :  I  swear  thou  canst  not  fling  the  fourth." 
It  may  be  noted  here  that    neither   in  « Gareth    and 
Lynette,"  nor  in  "  Geraint  and  Enid,"  nor  in  any  other 
case  in  which  there  is  an  estrangement  or  a  misunder- 
standing followed   by   a   reconciliation,  is  there  any 
change  in  the   pronouns  of  address  corresponding  to 
the  change  in  moods  and  relations. 

Similar  passages  could  be  quoted  from  almost  any  of 
the  Idyls,  but  I  will  content  myself  with  a  few  more 
examples,  from  " The  Last  Tournament."  Thus,  in  the 
third  paragraph,  Arthur  to  Guinevere: 

"Peace  to  thine  eagle-borne 
Dead  nestling,  and  this  honor  after  death, 
Following  thy  will !    But,  O  my  queen,  I  muse 
Why  ye  not  wear  on  arm  or  neck  or  zone 
Those  diamonds  that  I  rescued  from  the  tarn, 
And  Lancelot  won,  methought,  for  thee  to  wear." 
In  her  reply  to  this,  Guinevere,  in  addressing  the  King, 
uses  all  three  pronouns  in  the  course  of  twelve  lines. 
And  further  on,  in  the  dialogue  between  Tristram  and 
Dagonet,  the  latter  says: 

"  Knight,  an  ye  fling  those  rubies  ronnd  my  neck 
In  lien  of  hers,  I'll  hold  thon  hast  some  touch 
Of  music,  since  I  care  not  for  thy  pearls. 

•  •  •  •  •  • 

Swine,  say  ye  ?  swine,  goats,  asses,  rams,  and  geese 
Trooped  round  a  Paynim  harper  once,  who  thrummed 
On  such  a  wire  as  musically  as  thou 
Some  such  fine  song  —  but  never  a  king's  fool." 
The  only  case  which  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  Idyls  is 
that  of  two  different  pronouns  in  one  and  the  same 
clause.     But  the  only  difference  between  an  example 
like  that  in  the  heading  of  this  note  and  those  I  have 
cited  is  that  the  solecism  is  more  obvious  the  closer 
together  the  pronouns  stand. 

I  have  asked  myself  how  it  was  possible  to  read  the 
Idyls,  as  I  did  for  years,  without  being  offended  by  this 
usage,  which  would  certainly  have  annoyed  me  in  a  stu- 
dent or  a  lesser  poet.  My  only  explanation  is  that  the  spell 
of  the  splendid  style  was  so  strong  upon  me  as  to  to  blind 
me  to  such  minor  matters.  |y^  jj  CARRUTH 

The  University  of  Kansas,  Oct.  S5,  1899. 


310 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


gefco 


A  MEMOIR  OF  DEAN  L.IDDELL.* 

Dr.  Thompson  modestly  styles  his  compact 
and  matterful  memoir  of  the  late  Dean  of 
Christ  Church  a  compilation,  inasmuch  as  its 
texture  largely  consists  of  letters  to  and  from 
the  Dean,  together  with  recollections  gathered 
from  former  friends  and  colleagues  who  are 
particularly  well  qualified  to  speak  of  him,  and 
an  autobiographical  fragment  treating  of  his 
earlier  years  and  extending  to  1834.  All  this 
material,  with  just  the  necessary  amplification, 
is  marshalled  with  good  judgment,  largely  in 
logical  rather  than  chronological  order,  and 
with  a  sense  of  the  uses  and  virtues  of  literary 
compression  and  editorial  sifting  that  one  duly 
appreciates  in  a  day  when  overgrown  biog- 
raphies are  by  no  means  exceptional.  As  a  re- 
sult, we  get  a  solid  and  satisfying  volume  of 
280  clearly  printed  pages,  from  which  readers 
even  with  little  or  no  antecedent  knowledge  of 
Dean  Liddell  can  gain  a  just  general  concep- 
tion of  his  eminent  services  to  classical  schol- 
arship, and  an  edifying  impression  of  his  noble 
and  stately,  if  somewhat  frigid  and  awesome, 
personality. 

Henry  George  Liddell  was  born  on  February 
6,  1811,  at  Winchester,  near  Auckland.  His 
father,  then  curate  of  the  adjoining  parish  of 
Southchurch,  was  not  long  afterwards  made 
Rector  of  Boldon,  a  village  midway  between 
Stockton  and  Newcastle,  which  thus  became 
the  home  of  his  boyhood.  He  was  early  set  on 
the  high-road  to  his  future  distinctions.  "  On 
my  sixth  birthday,"  he  says,  "  I  was  promised 
a  great  honor  and  reward.  My  father  took  me 
up  into  his  study  and  inducted  me  into  the 
mysteries  of  the  Eton  Latin  Grammar."  At 
twelve,  Liddell  was  sent  to  Charterhouse  School, 
where  he  remained  till  1829.  His  Charthusian 
days  were  not  pleasant  ones  (he  recalls  a  letter 
to  his  father  forcibly  dated  from  "  Beastly 
Charterhouse"),  nor,  it  would  seem,  very  stren- 
uous ones,  for  a  certain  master,  of  a  prophetic 
turn,  used  to  say  of  him,  coram  publico,  that 
he  was  "  as  lazy  as  he  was  long,  and  should 
bring  his  father's  grey  hairs  in  sorrow  to  the 
grave."  While  in  the  Sixth  Form  at  Charter- 
house his  desk-fellow  was  Thackeray,  who  is 
the  subject  of  some  interesting  passages. 

•HKWHT  QKOSOB  LIDDKLL,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Christ  Church, 
Oxford:  A  Memoir.  87  Her.  Henry  L.  Thompson,  M.A. 
Illustrated.  New  York :  Heory  Holt  A  Co, 


"  He  never  attempted  to  learn  the  lesson,  never  ex- 
erted himself  to  grapple  with  Horace.  We  spent  our 
time  mostly  in  drawing,  with  such  skill  as  we  could 
command.  [In  later  life]  he  often  used  to  join  Mrs. 
Liddell  and  myself  when  riding  in  Rotten  Row.  On 
one  occasion  he  turned  to  her  and  said:  «  Your  husband 
ruined  all  my  prospects  in  life;  he  did  all  my  Latin 
verses  for  me,  and  I  lost  all  opportunities  of  self- 
improvement.  .  .  .'  At  this  time  <  Vanity  Fair '  was 
coming  out.  He  used  to  talk  about  it,  and  what  he 
should  do  with  the  persons.  Mrs.  Liddell  one  day  said, 
<Ob,  Mr.  Thackeray,  you  must  let  Dobbin  marry 
Amelia.'  '  Well,  he  replied,  '  be  shall ;  and  when  he 
has  got  her,  he  will  not  find  her  worth  having.'  " 

Despite  the  dismal  prediction  of  the  master, 
and  the  trifling  with  Thackeray,  Liddell  left 
Charterhouse  well  trained  in  Greek  and  Latin, 
though  within  a  narrow  range  of  authors.  In 
1830  he  went  up  to  Christ  Church,  and  a  long 
course  of  hard  reading,  rewarded  from  time  to 
time  by  academic  triumphs  and  substantial  pre- 
ferments, followed. 

In  1833  Liddell  gained  a  Double  First  Class 
in  the  Final  Examination,  and  in  January, 
1836,  he  became  Tutor,  having  in  the  interim 
worked  hard  at  French  and  German,  and  at 
Divinity,  for  he  had  now  made  up  his  mind  to 
enter  Holy  Orders.  While  Tutor,  he  first  met 
Ruskin,  who  speaks  of  him  in  his  ••  Praeterita," 
it  may  be  remembered,  as  "  one  of  the  rarest 
types  of  nobly-presenced  Englishmen,"  and 
••  the  only  man  in  Oxford  among  the  masters 
of  my  day  who  knew  anything  of  art."  We 
shall  quote,  later  on,  from  an  interesting  letter 
of  Ruskin's  to  the  Dean,  one  of  several  which 
form  a  valuable  portion  of  the  correspondence 
given  by  Dr.  Thompson. 

At  Christmas,  1836,  Liddell  was  ordained. 
At  this  period  the  influence  of  Newman  and 
Pusey  was  already  a  mighty  and  disturbing  one 
at  Oxford ;  and  while  it  is  clear  that  Liddell 
was  by  no  means  swept  away  from  his  orthodox 
Anglican  moorings  by  the  powerful  current  of 
the  Tractarian  movement,  it  would  be  a  mis- 
take to  infer  that  he  was  not  stirred  by  it,  or 
that  he  was  wholly  proof  against  the  spell  of 
the  great  theologian  of  Oriel.  Though  ten 
years  Newman's  junior,  he  enjoyed  some  de- 
gree of  intimacy  with  him,  and  he  made  at  his 
request  one  or  two  of  the  translations  from 
ancient  documents  which  appeared  in  the 
"  Library  of  the  Fathers."  But  Liddell's  tastes 
were  at  no  time  ecclesiastical,  and  he  thor- 
oughly disliked  controversy.  His  interest, 
therefore,  in  the  clerical  debates  which  so  shook 
minds  of  a  certain  type  was  comparatively  lan- 
guid —  that,  we  should  say,  of  a  perfunctorily 
sympathizing  spectator  who  desired  nothing  so 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


311 


much  as  the  cessation  of  a  quarrel  the  scandal 
of  which  to  the  common  cause  of  religion  was 
much  more  patent  to  secular  and  positive  minds 
than  the  importance  or  essentiality  of  its 
grounds.  In  a  sermon  preached  at  Christ 
Church  in  1890  he  recalled  some  memories  of 
Newman,  and  took  occasion  to  add,  in  his 
liberal  and  clear-sighted  way  : 

"  But  one  thing  I  cannot  but  notice,  —  that,  whereas 
most  of  those  who  leave  the  Church  of  their  fathers,  be 
it  the  Church  of  this  realm  or  another,  proved  to  be  the 
bitterest  enemies  of  that  Church,  Cardinal  Newman 
never  followed  that  unworthy  course.  He  had  convinced 
himself  that  there  were  things  in  our  Church  that  he 
could  not  away  with,  and  that  he  should  find  in  the 
Roman  Church  a  satisfaction  and  a  cure.  But  he  did 
not,  therefore,  as  the  manner  of  many  is,  assail  us  with 
acrimonious  criticisms  or  contemptuous  reproach;  and 
if  at  times  he  replied  to  attacks  somewhat  sharply,  he 
seemed  to  do  so  in  obedience  to  the  imperious  and 
inflexible  principles  of  his  new  mistress." 

Contrasting  the  style  of  Cardinal  Newman 
with  that  of  Dr.  Liddon,  Dean  Liddell  con- 
tinued : 

"I  seem  to  see  John  Henry  Newman  standing  (to 
use  a  familiar  phrase)  bolt  upright  in  the  pulpit,  with 
spectacles  on  nose,  with  arms  as  it  were  pinned  to  his 
sides,  never  using  the  slightest  action  except  to  turn 
over  the  leaves  of  his  sermon,  trusting  entirely  for  effect 
to  the  modulation  of  a  voice  most  melodious,  but  rang- 
ing, I  believe,  through  a  very  limited  scale,  yet  rivetting 
the  attention  of  his  hearers  as  if  they  were  spellbound. 
.  .  .  We  marvelled  how  so  little  apparent  effort  was 
followed  by  effects  so  great  and  permanent." 

In  1838  Liddell  was  appointed  Greek  Read- 
er  in  Christ  Church,  and  in  1845  he  was  elected 
White's  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy.  In 
1846  his  appointment  as  domestic  Chaplain  to 
the  Prince  Consort  opened  the  way  to  a  friend- 
ship with  the  members  of  the  royal  family, 
which  was  evidenced  in  1859  by  the  placing, 
at  the  Queen's  request,  of  the  Prince  of  Wales 
under  his  charge  at  Oxford.  Liddell  was  not, 
as  may  be  readily  believed,  what  is  called  a 
popular  preacher  —  not  a  preacher  who  could 
have  drawn  or  swayed  the  crowds  that  flocked 
to  hear  Spurgeon  at  the  Tabernacle.  What 
we  may  venture  to  term  the  cheaper  rhet- 
orical arts  of  pulpit  oratory  were  as  foreign  to 
his  manner  as  to  Newman's.  The  effectiveness 
of  his  sermons  was  not  of  the  evanescent  sort 
that  lies  largely  in  graces  of  manner,  witchery 
of  voice,  or  what  is  known  as  magnetism  of 
presence.  They  read  well.  His  language,  says 
Dr.  Thompson,  "  was  always  severely  simple, 
but  never  lacking  in  stateliness  and  beauty. 
He  was  rarely,  if  ever,  controversial ;  he  de- 
sired to  go  beyond  controversy,  and  exhibit 
Divine  Truth  in  a  more  exalted  relation." 


"  One  of  the  most  remarkable  sermons  I  have 
ever  listened  to,"  Sir  Robert  Peel  was  heard  to 
say,  while  leaving  the  Chapel  Royal,  White- 
hall, where  Liddell  had  been  preaching  on  the 
text,  "Stretch  forth  thy  hand." 

Liddell's  marriage  to  Miss  Lorina  Reeve,  in 
1846,  was  followed  by  his  resignation  of  his 
office,  at  Oxford,  and  his  acceptance  of  the 
Headinastership  of  Westminster  School.  This 
ancient  foundation  had  latterly  sunk  into  a 
declining  and  apparently  moribund  condition, 
and  it  was  thought  that  the  governance  and 
reputation  of  a  man  like  Liddell  would  go  far 
toward  restoring  its  former  prestige  and  num- 
bers. During  his  eleven  years'  incumbency  at 
Westminster,  Liddell  did  much  to  justify  the 
confidence  thus  placed  in  him ;  but  he  became 
convinced  at  last  that  the  proximity  of  the  school 
to  London  was  a  bar  to  its  progress  which  could 
not  be  overcome ;  and  he  was  about  to  accept 
the  Mastership  of  Sherburn  Hospital,  Durham, 
when  the  death  of  Dean  Glaisford,  of  Christ 
Church,  marked  a  sudden  turn  in  his  fortunes, 
which  had  not  perhaps  been  entirely  unforeseen. 
There  was  scarcely  a  doubt  that  Liddell  would 
be  Dean  Glaisford's  successor ;  and  on  June  6, 
1855,  a  letter  from  Lord  Elcho  notified  him  of 
his  appointment  by  Palmerston  to  the  office 
which  he  was  to  fill  with  such  usefulness,,  dig- 
nity, and  distinction  for  a  period  of  thirty-six 
years,  or  up  to  within  six  years  of  his  death 
in  1898. 

One-half  of  the  memoir  before  us  is  devoted 
to  an  account  of  Liddell's  decanal  career  at 
Christ  Church,  his  constitutional  and  archi- 
tectural reforms,  his  methods  and  peculiarities 
of  administration,  his  good  work  as  Curator 
of  University  Galleries,  the  battles  on  behalf 
of  liberty  fought  by  him  and  Stanley  in  the 
Chapter  —  largely  an  ultra-conservative  body 
containing,  said  Stanley,  "  very  explosive  ele- 
ments." The  Jowett  question  is  very  briefly 
touched  upon,  as  is  that  which  arose  over  the 
Boden  Professorship  of  Sanscrit.  In  these  and 
kindred  academical  issues  Liddell  and  Stanley, 
it  is  hardly  necessary  to  say,  fought  successfully 
the  battle  of  reform  and  liberalism  against  what 
may  be  termed  the  conservative  mandarinate 
of  Christ  Church.  "  Fuit  Ilium  I "  one  of  these 
worthy,  if  mistaken  champions  of  old-fogyism 
dolefully  exclaimed,  on  realizing  the  uselessness 
of  further  resistance  to  the  changes  of  1858, 
which  have  since  proved  so  salutary. 

To  revert  to  Liddell's  friendship  with  Rus- 
kin.  This  began  in  Ruskin's  undergraduate 
days,  and  resulted  in  his  acceptance,  at  Lid- 


312 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


dell's  instance,  of  the  Slade  Professorship  at 
Oxford.  ID  a  letter  of  1837  Liddell  thus  de- 
scribed the  author  of  " Modern  Painters"  as 
he  first  knew  him: 

"  He  is  a  very  strange  fellow,  always  dressing  in  a 
greatcoat  with  a  brown  velvet  collar,  and  a  large  neck- 
cloth tied  over  his  mouth,  and  living  quite  in  his  own 
way  among  the  odd  set  of  hunting  and  sporting  men 
that  gentlemen  commoners  usually  are.  ...  I  am  glad 
to  say  they  do  not  bully  him,  as  I  should  have  been 
afraid  they  would." 

In  1844  Ruskin  wrote,  in  reply  to  a  letter 
in  which  Liddell  seems  to  have  made  some 
complaints  of  the  style  of  "  Modern  Painters  " : 

"But  alas!  there  is  nothing  of  all  the  little  that  you 
say  in  stricture  which  I  do  not  feel  and  which  I 
have  not  felt  for  some  time  back.  .  .  .  But  it  seems  to 
me  the  pamphleteer  manner  is  not  confined  to  these 
passages:  it  is  ingrained  throughout  There  is  a  nasty, 
snappish,  impatient,  half-familiar,  half-claptrap  web  of 
young-mannishness  everywhere.  I  am  going  to  try  for 
better  things;  for  a  serious,  quiet,  earnest,  and  simple 
manner,  like  the  execution  I  want  in  art.  .  .  .  Don't 
suppose,  however,  I  am  going  to  lose  Turner.  On  the 
contrary,  I  am  more  tpris  than  ever,  and  that  especially 
with  his  latest  works,  Goldau,  etc.  Monomania,  you 
think.  Possibly.  ..." 

In  a  later  letter,  Ruskin  goes  on  to  say,  as 
to  "  versatility  of  admiration  "  : 

"  The  world  is  so  old,  that  there  is  no  dearth  of  things 
first-rate;  and  life  so  short,  that  there  is  no  excuse  for 
looking  at  things  second-rate.  Let  us  then  go  to  Rubens 
for  blending,  and  to  Titian  for  quality,  of  color;  to  Cag- 
liari  for  daylight,  and  Rembrandt  for  lamplight ;  to 
Buonarroti  for  awf illness,  and  to  Van  Huysum  for  pre- 
cision. .  .  .  Any  man  is  worthy  of  respect,  in  his  own 
rank,  who  has  pursued  any  truth  or  attainment  with  all 
his  heart  and  strength.  But  I  dread  and  despise  the 
artists  who  are  respectable  in  many  things,  and  have 
been  excelled  by  some  one  in  everything.  .  .  .  Murillo 
seems  to  me  a  peculiar  instance  of  this.  .  .  .  He  was 
not  a  bad  painter,  but  he  exercises  a  most  fatal  influence 
on  the  English  school.  I  have  never  entered  the  Dul- 
wich  Gallery  for  fourteen  years  without  seeing  at  least 
three  copyists  before  the  Murillos.  I  never  have  seen 
one  before  the  Paul  Veronese." 

Perhaps  Mr.  Ruskin's  unaccountably  heated 
expression,  "  I  dread  and  despise,"  fairly  ex- 
emplifies the  defect  of  manner  admitted  in  the 
earlier  letter.  "  Do  n't  bear  on  too  hard"  urges 
Mr.  Lowell  somewhere ;  and  we  know  of  few 
maxims  of  the  kind  more  useful  than  this  one. 
A  chapter  is  of  course  devoted  to  the  history 
of  the  Dean's  magnum  opus,  the  Greek-Eng- 
lish Lexicon,  a  monument  of  labors  begun  in 
his  student  days  and  continued  almost  to  the 
close  of  his  life.  Liddell  and  Scott  are  names 
that  will  long  hunt  in  couples  in  the  brain  of 
student  and  scholar.  The  first  edition  of  the 
Lexicon  was  issued  in  1834  ;  but  that  date 
marks  only  the  completion  of  the  first  stage  in 


the  undertaking.  Through  a  period  of  fifty- 
four  years  the  task  of  improving  and  correct- 
ing the  work,  of  keeping  it  abreast  of  the  ad- 
vance of  modern  scholarship,  was  never  inter- 
mitted, the  eighth  edition  being  published  in 
1897,  ten  years  after  Scott's  death,  and  only  a 
few  months  before  his  venerable  colaborer  was 
called  to  his  rest.  Apropos  of  the  Lexicon, 
and  the  inevitable  defects  of  the  first  edition  of 
it,  let  us  subjoin  a  Westminster  story,  which  is 
amusing  enough  in  itself,  and  may  serve  the 
additional  end  of  providing  a  key  to  proper 
pronunciation  of  the,  we  think,  often  mispro- 
nounced name  of  Liddell.  There  was  an 
irreverent  schoolboy  tradition  current  at  West- 
minster in  Liddell's  day  that  when,  during 
class-work,  an  error  would  crop  out  in  the 
Lexicon,  the  Headmaster  would  serenely  ob- 
serve :  "  Ah,  yes ;  Mr.  Scott  wrote  that  para- 
graph." This  gave  rise  to  the  following  epi- 
gram—  which  was  heartily  enjoyed  and  even 
pecuniarily  rewarded  by  its  dignified  but  kindly 
victim. 

"Two  men  wrote  a  Lexicon,  Liddell  and  Scott; 
Some  parts  were  clever,  but  some  parts  were  not. 
Hear,  all  ye  learned,  and  read  me  this  riddle, 
How  the  wrong:  part  wrote  Scott,  and  the  right  part 
wrote  Liddell." 

E.  G.  J. 


THE  HEART  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR.* 

The  third  volume  of  Mr.  James  Ford  Rhodes's 
"History  of  the  United  States  from  the  Com- 
promise of  1850,"  closed  with  the  recounting 
of  the  military  movements  of  the  winter  and 
spring  of  1862.  The  fourth  volume,  just  pub- 
lished, continues  the  story  until  Abraham  Lin- 
coln is  reflected,  General  Grant  is  in  successful 
command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  the 
end  of  the  great  contest  is  in  sight.  It  deals 
with  as  many  perplexing  problems  as  were  ever 
crowded  together  in  any  like  two-year  period 
in  the  annals  of  time. 

The  task  must  have  been  an  appalling  one, 
to  enter  this  field  of  bitter  controversy,  to  sift 
thoroughly  the  great  mass  of  material  in  the 
form  of  -personal  memoirs,"  "own  stories," 
"  recollections,"  newspaper  files,  and  the  nu- 
merous volumes  of  Official  Records  of  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion,  and  still  hope  for  a  resulting 
narration  which  should  commend  itself  to  the 
judgment  of  this  generation  of  students  as  wor- 
thy to  be  passed  on  to  the  future  as  a  fair  and 


•  HISTOKT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  from  the  Compromise 
of  1850.  Volume  IV.  To  the  Clow  of  the  Civil  War.  By 
Jamas  Ford  Rhode*.  New  York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


313 


trustworthy  account  of  the  most  trying  years 
in  American  history. 

No  one  can  read  this  volume  without  being 
impressed  with  the  naturalness  of  the  story. 
Mr.  Rhodes  seems  to  have  caught  that  most 
happy  style  for  the  expression  of  his  thoughts 
which  makes  the  reader  follow  him  willingly 
to  his  conclusions.  One  step  succeeds  another ; 
and  as  public  opinion  at  the  time  was  modified 
under  the  influence  of  changing  conditions,  so 
the  reader  finds  his  own  ideas  re-shaped  as  his 
knowledge  grows  with  the  unfolding  of  the 
story. 

The  Army  of  the  Potomac  was  long  the  cen- 
tre of  the  thoughts  of  the  people  of  the  North. 
Its  inactivity  or  activity  was  everywhere  dis- 
cussed. Each  of  the  several  commanders  who 
attempted  to  satisfy  the  carping  critics  was  the 
target  for  the  fire  of  every  newspaper  writer, 
jealous  brother  officer,  and  store-box  tactician 
of  the  day.  Hence  many  a  reader  of  this  volume 
will  take  the  treatment  accorded  to  General 
McClellan  as  a  test  topic.  For  a  time  there  is 
severe  condemnation,  until  it  seems  that  the 
author  is  too  much  prejudiced.  Then  comes  a 
page  where  the  opinion  is  moderated ;  then 
criticism  is  harsh  again,  until  it  is  apparent 
that  the  account  of  McClellan  is  just  what  is 
most  to  be  desired  —  a  judicious  examination 
of  his  merits  and  demerits,  with  unsparing  blame 
where  he  manifestly  was  at  fault,  with  a  due 
amount  of  recognition  of  those  excellences 
which  made  him  the  idol  of  his  soldiers  and  the 
chosen  leader  of  a  large  minority  of  his  fellow- 
citizens.  The  general  impression  of  the  story 
as  a  whole  is  unfavorable  to  McClellan,  and 
there  is  a  natural  query  in  the  mind  of  the 
reader  as  to  whether  this  result  of  the  first 
serious  attempt  to  write  the  history  of  the  Civil 
War  without  passion,  according  to  modern  his- 
torical methods,  and  in  connection  with  a  survey 
of  a  wider  period  of  the  nation's  life,  is  to  be 
taken  as  the  final  judgment  upon  the  career  of 
this  famous  soldier  and  party  leader. 

The  same  impression  of  judicial  fairness  is 
gained  from  the  account  of  the  work  of  other 
men  —  Burnside,  Pope,  Buell,  Halleck,  Hooker, 
Meade,  and  Lee.  In  considering  men  and 
measures  outside  of  military  lines,  also,  this 
judicial  tact  has  been  displayed.  Stanton  and 
Chase,  Seward  and  Lincoln,  are  seen  in  the 
light  of  the  time,  as  events  developed  and  they 
developed  with  them.  Even  Lincoln  stands 
forth  as  he  was  during  this  critical  period  of 
his  administration,  not  viewed  with  the  halo 
which  late  years  have  placed  about  him,  but 


marked  by  weakness  and  faults,  or  elements  of 
strength,  as  he  displayed  now  one  and  now 
another  quality  in  the  midst  of  the  tremendous 
cares  of  state. 

More  difficult  than  the  task  of  properly 
measuring  the  standard  for  general  and  cabinet 
officers  and  president  was  that  of  giving  a  fair 
account  of  the  acts  and  influence  of  those  par- 
tisan leaders  in  the  North  who  differed  from 
the  ruling  party  in  their  ideas  of  the  proper 
method  of  dealing  with  the  rebelling  states,  men 
like  Seymour  and  Vallandingham  and  others 
who  were  called  "  Copperheads "  by  the  sup- 
porters of  the  government.  While  it  is  per- 
fectly apparent  that  the  author  believes  that 
the  Democratic  party  failed  in  what  might 
have  been  its  legitimate  mission  as  a  correcting 
and  restraining  party  of  opposition,  and  that 
many  things  which  closely  approached  "  giving 
aid  and  comfort  to  the  enemy"  are  justly 
charged  against  it,  there  is  a  clear  recognition 
of  much  that  is  of  worth  in  some  of  the  speeches 
of  its  leaders ;  there  is  due  praise  especially 
for  many  of  Governor  Seymour's  acts ;  and,  on 
the  other  hand,  there  is  unsparing  condemna- 
tion of  the  illegal  arrests  and  suppression  of 
newspapers  which  attended  the  radical  side 
of  the  controversies.  What  is  most  to  be  com- 
mended is  the  clearness  of  narration  which 
enables  the  reader  to  see  just  how  it  came 
to  pass  that  men  could  feel  as  they  did  at  the 
time,  whether  they  were  "Union  Leaguers"  or 
"Copperheads." 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  growing 
tendency  in  present-day  discussions  of  the  Civil 
War  is  to  overlook  the  bitterness  and  harshness 
of  the  time,  to  feel  that  the  triumph  of  the 
Union  was  demanded  by  destiny,  to  accept  the 
downfall  of  human  slavery  as  a  result  pleasing 
to  both  sides,  and  to  exalt  the  heroism  shown 
by  Americans  in  battle,  whether  they  fought 
under  the  stars  or  the  bars.  After  a  stirring 
account  of  Pickett's  charge  at  Gettysburg,  one 
sentence  claims  attention : 

"  Decry  war  as  we  may  and  ought,  '  breathes  there 
the  man  with  soul  so  dead '  who  would  not  thrill  with 
emotion  to  claim  for  his  countrymen  the  men  who  made 
that  charge  and  the  men  who  met  it?" 

The  hopes,  the  fears,  the  strength,  the  weakness 
of  the  Confederacy  find  proper  consideration, 
and  again  the  reader  feels  that  he  is  learning 
of  things  as  they  were  at  the  time,  that  he 
shares  the  concern  of  the  North  or  the  confi- 
dence of  the  South,  as  the  fortunes  of  war  vary 
and  Mars  seems  hostile  to  the  Union,  until 
Gettysburg  and  Vicksburg  bring  rejoicing  and 


314 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


new  zeal  to  the  disheartened  Northland.  Mr. 
Rhodes's  story  of  the  critical  years  of  the  war 
is  certainly  a  strong  one  as  regards  its  treatment 
of  men  in  the  field  and  at  Washington,  its  con- 
sideration of  administration  measures  and  the 
opposition  thereto,  its  fairness  toward  the  armed 
enemies  of  the  government  and  to  those  who 
kept  up  a  "  fire  in  the  rear." 

Still  another  phase  of  the  great  conflict  re- 
quired treatment :  that  was  its  diplomacy, 
notably  with  England.  If  one  desires  to  know 
just  how  the  ruling  classes  and  the  people  of 
that  country  felt  toward  the  contending  sides, 
he  need  look  no  further.  A  good  many  pages 
are  taken  up  with  this  discussion,  from  the  time 
when  English  negligence  allowed  the  "Ala- 
bama" to  get  to  sea,  until  the  leaders  were 
forced  by  the  logic  of  events  to  give  up  any 
plans  which  might  have  been  considered  for 
recognition  of  the  Confederacy,  as  the  Emanci- 
pation Proclamation  found  increasing  favor  and 
the  feeling  of  sympathy  manifested  by  the 
common  people  of  England  for  the  North  grew 
in  strength.  The  story  is  unfolded  naturally, 
and  in  the  proper  sequence.  The  failure  of  the 
English  government  to  respect  our  rights  is 
plainly  apparent,  the  anxiety  of  our  minister  is 
shared,  the  attitude  of  English  leaders  when 
they  did  a  friendly  act  is  indicated,  and  the 
acknowledgment  of  wrong  and  reparation 
made  in  connection  with  the  Geneva  Award 
are  urged  as  reasons  for  forgiving  those  who 
as  leaders  of  English  thought  and  life  took  a 
mistaken  position  in  our  day  of  adversity. 

This  fourth  volume  by  Mr.  Rhodes  is  a  strong 
one.  It  is  convincing  in  style,  and  each  im- 
portant conclusion  is  fortified  by  abundant 
reference  in  the  form  of  foot-notes  and  quota- 
tions. The  wealth  of  this  illustrative  mate- 
rial is  partly  indicated  by  the  statement  that 
only  fifteen  of  the  five  hundred  and  thirty- 
nine  pages  of  the  text  are  without  some  sort 
of  supplementary  reference  or  helpful  quo- 
tation. In  some  cases  the  notes  discuss  mat- 
ters not  taken  up  in  the  text  proper  because 
of  lack  of  space  for  the  more  extended  treat- 
ment. Twelve  maps  supply  the  needed  geo- 
graphical help. 

There  are  some  matters  of  detail  which  might 
be  criticised ;  but  taken  as  a  whole,  as  a  vol- 
ume in  a  series,  and  as  a  sober  presentation  of 
facts  about  a  period  of  great  excitement  and 
passion,  Mr.  Rhodes's  latest  contribution  to 
American  history  is  notable. 

FRANCIS  WAYLAND  SHEPARDSON. 


IBSEX  AND  BJORNSON.* 


At  three  different  dates  (1866,  1882,  and 
1898),  Dr.  Georg  Brandos  has  endeavored  to 
interpret,  for  the  large  public  which  his  writ- 
ings reach,  the  significance  of  the  work  of  Dr. 
Ibsen.  The  first  study  was  written  just  after 
"  Brand  "  and  "  Peer  Gynt "  had  led  the  way 
to  the  wide  European  fame  that  their  author 
was  henceforth  to  enjoy  ;  the  second  appeared 
just  after  "  Ghosts  "  had  fluttered  to  some  pur- 
pose the  dovecotes  of  a  conventional  society  ; 
the  third  was  a  recognition  of  the  commanding 
position  that  the  great  Norwegian  had  won  for 
himself  at  the  time  of  his  seventieth  birthday. 
These  three  studies,  unrevised,  although  at 
some  points  inconsistent  with  each  other  in 
their  judgments,  have  been  published  by  the 
author  in  a  single  volume,  and  translated  into 
English  by  Miss  Jessie  Muir.  At  the  same 
time,  Miss  Mary  Morison  has  made  a  transla- 
tion of  the  essay  of  Dr.  Brandes  upon  Herr 
Bjornson,  which  was  originally  published  with 
the  second  of  the  three  studies  above  mentioned 
in  the  volume  entitled  "  Moderne  Gjennem- 
brudsmaend."  The  four  essays  thus  described 
have  been  brought  together  in  a  volume  to 
which  Mr.  William  Archer  has  given  editorial 
supervision,  and  for  which  he  has  written  an 
introduction.  The  first  and  third  of  the  papers 
devoted  to  Dr.  Ibsen  are  now  for  the  first  time 
put  into  English  ;  the  second,  together  with  the 
paper  upon  Herr  Bjbrnson,  may  be  found  m  the 
volume  called  "  Men  of  the  Modern  Awaken- 
ing," being  a  selection  from  several  collections 
of  critical  essays  by  Dr.  Braudes,  translated  by 
Professor  Rasmus  B.  Anderson,  and  published 
in  this  country  thirteen  years  ago. 

The  three  essays  upon  Dr.  Ibsen  offer  an 
extremely  interesting  study  in  critical  method. 
They  are  "  a  running  commentary  on  Ibsen's 
spiritual  development,"  made  by  the  most  com- 
petent among  living  critics  for  such  a  task.  The 
author,  to  quote  from  Mr.  Archer's  introduction, 
"  Approached  the  study  of  the  poet's  works  with  a 
perfectly  free  mind,  neither  overawed  by  a  great  ready- 
made  reputation,  nor  warped  into  antagonism  by  secta- 
rian mispraise.  His  criticism  throughout  is  absolutely 
candid.  In  the  '  first  impression,'  indeed,  it  is  so  largely 
unfavorable  that  the  fact  of  their  subsequent  intimate 
friendship  speaks  volumes  for  the  character  of  both 
men.  ...  It  is  no  eulogy  of  Ibsen  that  is  here  pre- 
sented to  the  English-speaking  public.  Some  admirers 
of  the  poet  may  think  the  critic,  at  points,  over- severe 
and  perhaps  even  captious.  Let  them  remember  that 
absolute  sincerity  is  of  more  importance  than  absolute 


•HKNRIK   IBSKN.     BJORNST.IKKNK  BJORNSON.     Critical 
Studies.   By  Georg  Brandea.  New  York  :  The  Macmillan  Co. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


315 


correctness,  even  if  « correctness '  could  fitly  be  predi- 
cated of  any  aesthetic  judgment." 

As  for  Dr.  Brandes  himself,  he  writes  of  his 
three  studies  in  the  following  terms  : 

"  It  is  well-known  that  Henrik  Ibsen  completed  his 
seventieth  year  on  the  20th  March,  1898.  I  have,  in 
commemoration  of  this  anniversary,  combined  my  first 
and  second  essays  upon  him  with  a  third,  which  brings 
my  account  of  his  poetic  labours  down  to  our  own 
day.  Those  who,  in  foreign  countries,  have  discussed 
Henrik  Ibsen's  poetic  career,  have,  as  a  rule,  been  able 
to  make  a  general  survey  of  it  before  they  wrote.  .  .  . 
They  have  had  the  whole  fabric  of  his  life-work  before 
them,  and  have  deduced  from  it,  as  it  were,  a  more  or 
less  correct  picture  of  the  master-builder.  It  may  at 
some  future  time  be  interesting  to  see  how  the  building 
was  reflected  in  the  mind  of  a  contemporary  who  saw 
it  come  into  being,  and  who,  at  a  comparatively  early 
time,  was  so  situated  as  to  be  able  from  his  impressions 
of  the  master-builder's  personality,  to  say  a  few  words 
of  guidance  to  students  of  his  work." 

Evidences  of  a  progressive  broadening  of  out- 
look and  enlightenment  of  view  are  frequent  in 
these  studies.  Take,  for  example,  the  familiar 
attribution  of  pessimism  to  Dr.  Ibsen's  think- 
ing. In  the  first  study,  we  read  : 

"  Whatever  the  merits  or  defects  of  his  productions, 
it  is  clear  that  we  have  here  to  deal  with  a  poet  who 
looks  upon  the  life  of  the  present  day  with  the  eye  of  a 
pessimist.  .  .  .  His  gloomy  way  of  looking  at  things 
makes  him,  in  the  first  place,  polemical;  for  when  he 
directs  his  gaze  towards  his  own  time,  it  presents  to  his 
eye  sheer  misery  and  guilt,  and  shows  him  the  discord 
between  what  ought  to  be  and  what  is.  In  the  second 
place,  it  makes  him  bitter;  for  when  he  turns  his  gaze 
on  the  ideal,  he  sees  its  destruction  as  inevitable,  all 
higher  living  and  striving  as  fruitless,  and  discord  be- 
tween what  ought  to  be,  and  what  is,  attainable." 

Now  this  judgment,  be  it  remembered,  was 
rendered  in  the  face  of  "  Brand,"  whose  teach- 
ing gives  it  the  lie  direct.  If  that  great  poem 
means  anything,  it  means  that  the  triumph  of 
the  ideal,  not  its  destruction,  is  inevitable,  and 
that  what  ought  to  be  attainable  may  really 
become  so  if  a  few  leaders  of  men  will  only 
eschew,  like  Brand,  all  dealings  with  the  ac- 
cursed spirit  of  compromise.  "  Brand  "  is,  in 
its  essence,  one  of  the  most  hopeful  poems  ever 
written.  In  the  second  study,  Dr.  Brandes  has 
come  to  this  saner  view. 

"Sceptical  as  he  [Ibsen]  is,  he  does  not  actually 
doubt  the  possibility  of  happiness.  .  .  .  When  he  touches 
a  social  sore,  as  in  '  The  Pillars  of  Society,'  and  else- 
where, it  is  always  one  of  a  moral  nature.  Some  one 
is  to  blame  for  it.  Whole  strata  of  society  are  rotten, 
whole  rows  of  society's  pillars  are  decayed  and  hollow. 
The  close  air  of  the  small  community  is  unhealthy;  in 
wide  spheres  there  is  room  for  great  actions.  A  breath 
from  without,  that  is  to  say  a  breath  of  the  spirit  of 
truth  and  liberty,  has  power  to  purify  the  atmosphere. 
.  .  .  His  pessimism  is  not  of  a  metaphysical,  but  of  a 
moral  nature,  and  is  based  on  a  conviction  of  the  possi- 


bility of  realizing  ideals;  it  is,  in  a  word,  the  pessimism 
of  indignation." 

But  this  is  not  pessimism  at  all ;  and  the  critic, 
rejecting  the  substance,  should  have  rejected 
the  term  itself.  Dr.  Ibsen's  mission  has  been 
that  of  the  physician,  to  touch,  like  Goethe,  the 
weak  spots  of  the  social  organism,  saying,  "  thou 
ailest  here,  and  here,"  and  to  indicate  the  ways 
in  which  health  may  be  restored. 

The  preeminence  of  "  Brand "  among  the 
works  of  Dr.  Ibsen  is  as  marked  as  that  of 
"  Faust "  among  the  works  of  Goethe,  and  the 
interest  of  any  thoroughgoing  discussion  of  the 
author  must  centre  in  his  treatment  of  that 
difficult  masterpiece.  Unfortunately,  the  dis- 
cussion of  "  Brand  "  is  found  chiefly  in  the  first, 
and  consequently  the  least  mature,  of  these 
three  essays,  and  the  result  is  disappointing. 
We  are  told  that  the  author 

"  Is  wholly  and  utterly  carried  away  by  his  hero,  whose 
one-sidedness  it  is,  after  all,  his  purpose  to  condemn. 
Ibsen  has  conjured  up  a  spirit  that  he  himself  is  power- 
less to  control.  .  .  .  The  last  words  of  the  poem  carry 
with  them  no  conviction;  for  Brand  has  beaten  every 
objection  out  of  the  field,  and  has  already  admirably 
refuted  the  charge  which  meets  him  at  the  moment  of 
his  death,  the  charge  of  not  having  understood  that  God 
is  love." 

This  closing  scene  has  indeed  been  a  stumbling- 
block  to  the  commentators,  for  it  seems  at  first 
sight  to  mean  that  Brand  has  been  mistaken 
all  along,  and  that  his  sufferings  and  sacrifices 
have  been  needless.  But  the  evident  sincerity 
and  sympathy  with  which  he  has  been  por- 
trayed up  to  this  point  makes  the  conclusion 
seem  stultifying,  and  leaves  the  reader  sorely 
perplexed.  Now,  the  explanation  of  this  eth- 
ical antinomy  is  to  be  found  in  the  philosophy 
of  Sbren  Kierkegaard,  and  Dr.  Brandes,  who 
has  made  a  special  study  of  this  Danish  theolo- 
gian, and  who  repeatedly  refers  to  his  influence 
over  the  poet,  should  have  discovered  the  ex- 
planation. But  that  discovery  has  been  left 
for  an  Englishman,  Mr.  M.  A.  Stobart,  who, 
in  the  August  "  Fortnightly  Keview,"  clears 
away  the  difficulty  in  the  most  triumphant  man- 
ner. A  more  illuminating  piece  of  criticism 
it  has  not  often  been  our  fortune  to  read.  The 
following  is  the  significant  passage  of  the  dis- 
cussion, arrived  at  after  the  life  of  Brand  has 
been  brought  down  to  its  closing  episode  : 

"  He  has  recognized  and  now  finally  vanquished  the 
Spirit  of  Compromise  —  which  latter  is  the  tocsin 
drummed  by  Kierkegaard's  philosophy  —  and  annihi- 
lated his  human  Will.  The  struggle  has  been  to  the 
death,  but  he  is  victor.  Surely  the  quantum  satis  of  his 
Will  has  merited  the  redemption  he  has  set  himself 
to  win  for  his  race  ?  But  it  is  only  now,  when  his 


316 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


Will  has  finally  trampled  on  the  last  traces  of  human 
weakness,  and  he  has  definitely  chosen  his  '  All  or 
Nothing '  in  preference  to  the  tempter's  suggestions  of 
earthly  happiness  with  wife  and  child,  that  Brand's 
conquest  is  complete.  So,  it  is  only  now,  that,  accord- 
ing to  Kierkegaard,  he  may  expect  to  find  the  love,  the 
mercy  of  his  Creator.  And  it  is  only,  therefore,  at  this, 
the  last  moment  of  his  worldly  existence,  as  he  sinks 
before  the  rushing  avalanche,  that  the  answer  to  the 
desperate  prayer  of  his  whole  life  is  vouchsafed  to  him, 
and,  through  the  roaring  thunder-cloud,  the  message 
there  is  no  mistaking  is  proclaimed:  the  quantum  satis 
of  his  Will  has  merited  Redemption,  and  Brand  knows 
that  now,  at  last  —  for  him  —  God  is  Dem  caritatit  I " 

The  views  of  Dr.  Brandes,  as  he  takes  up 
one  play  after  another,  and  proceeds  to  examine 
it  in  the  dry  light  of  true  philosophical  intelli- 
gence, are  always  interesting,  and  in  many 
instances  informing  as  well.  But  we  cannot 
escape  the  feeling  that  many  vital  things  have 
somehow  eluded  the  critic's  vision,  and  the 
reader  capable  of  understanding  Ibsen  at  all, 
who  should  first  approach  him  through  the 
medium  of  this  work,  would  find  a  great  deal 
more  than  he  had  been  led  to  expect.  Miss 
Elizabeth  Robins,  writing  in  an  English  review 
upon  this  very  book,  expresses  our  meaning 
perfectly  when  she  says : 

"  I  realise  now  that  if  I  had  waited  for  Dr.  Brandes 
to  introduce  the  great  Norwegian  to  me,  I  should  not 
have  pursued  my  new  acquaintance  far.  I  should  have 
heard  too  much  of  Ibsen's  idiosyncracy,  and  not  enough 
of  his  fascination.  I  should  have  been  warned  that  the 
poem  of  "  Brand,"  the  great  spiritual  drama  which  had 
made  my  heart  beat  and  the  tears  come,  was  borrowed 
from  Kierkegaard,  and  hardly  worth  the  borrowing." 

We  think  Miss  Robins  over-harsh  in  the  passage 
that  comes  soon  afterwards,  but  it  represents  a 
point  of  view  that  must  not  be  ignored  in  any 
discussion  of  the  book  before  us.  She  says  : 

MOne  turns  away  from  these  bald  and  doctrinaire 
1  Impressions '  with  a  sense  that  there  may  be  an  ad- 
vantage in  approaching  a  great  poet  without  the  assist- 
ance of  '  a  critical  intelligence  of  the  first  order.'  One 
recalls  with  a  flush  of  gratitude  the  quick  uplifting  that 
came  of  personal  contact  with  the  plays  that  Dr.  Brandes 
sets  himself  to  dissect.  The  critic  gives  no  smallest 
hint,  to  my  sense,  of  the  flashing  vitality,  the  bitter  wit, 
the  tenderness  so  deep  and  innig  that  it  moves  one  first 
to  tears  and  then  to  feel  all  tears  should  be  straightway 
dried  in  a  world  where  such  infinite  gentleness  had 
found  a  voice.  If  it  depended  on  Dr.  Brandes,  few 
would  guess  that  the  plays  were  more  than  philosophic 
discussions  upon  social  life." 

These  words,  in  our  opinion,  show  a  deeper 
insight  into  the  poet's  mind  than  any  that 
Dr.  Brandes  —  accomplished  critic  and  scholar 
though  he  be  —  has  written  upon  the  subject. 
We  are  inclined  to  think  it  was  a  mistake  to 
add  the  Bjb'rnson  essay  to  this  volume.  For 
one  thing,  it  was  already  accessible  in  English, 


and  for  another,  it  is  incomplete  and  inadequate, 
suggesting  an  appendix  instead  of  a  companion 
study.  The  most  fitting  words  that  Dr.  Brandes 
has  written  about  the  relations  of  his  two  sub- 
jects occur  at  the  close  of  the  second  Ibsen 
study. 

•<  It  seems  to  me  that  Bjornson  and  Ibsen  may  be 
compared  to  the  two  old  Norwegian  kings,  Sigurd  and 
Eystein,  who,  in  the  famous  legendary  conversation 
appropriated  by  Bjornson  in  '  Sigurd  Jorsalfar,'  boast  to 
each  other  of  their  merits.  The  one  has  stayed  at  home 
and  civilized  his  country,  the  other  has  left  it,  wandered 
far  and  wide,  and  gained  honour  for  it  on  his  wild  and 
arduous  journeying*.  Each  has  his  admirers,  each  his 
contentious  band  of  followers,  who  exalt  the  one  at  the 
expense  of  the  other.  But  they  are  brothers,  although 
they  have  for  a  time  been  at  variance;  and  the  only 
right  thing  to  happen  —  and  it  does  happen  at  the  end 
of  the  play  —  is  the  peaceable  division  of  the  kingdom 
between  them." 

These  are  fair  and  true  words,  truer  than  their 
author  now  thinks  them,  since  he  is  at  pains  to 
take  them  back  when  he  comes  to  his  third 
estimate  of  Dr.  Ibsen.  It  would  have  been 
better  to  leave  Eystein-Bjbrnson  out  of  this 
book  altogether  than  to  deal  with  him  as  a 
writer  of  secondary  importance.  We  are  by 
no  means  sure  that,  when  the  final  critical  ac- 
count is  made  up  at  some  time  in  the  twentieth 
century,  his  fame  will  not  shine  even  more  re- 
splendent than  that  of  his  great  contemporary. 
WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


RECENT  BOOKS  or  TRAVEL,.* 


Perhaps  the  most  important,  though  not  the  most 
interesting,  work  in  our  collection  of  recent  Travel 
books  is  "  A  Russian  Province  of  the  North,"  by 
Alexander  Engelhardt,  Governor  of  the  Province 
of  Archangel.  This  book  is  the  outcome  of  exten- 

*A  RUSSIAN  PROVINCK  OF  THE  NORTH.  By  Alexander 
Platonovitch  Engelhadt.  Philadelphia :  J.  1 !.  Lippinoott  Co. 

HOLLAND  AND  THE  HOLLANDERS.  By  David  S.  Meldrnm. 
New  York :  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

TUNISIA  AND  THE  MODERN  BARBART  PIRATES.  By  Her- 
bert Vivian.  New  York:  Longmans,  Green  &  Co. 

SKETCHES  IN  EGYPT.  By  Charles  Dana  Gibson.  New 
York :  Donbleday  &  McClure  Co. 

A  PRISONER  OF  THE  KHALEEFA.  By  Charles  Neufeld. 
New  York  :  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

ENCHANTED  INDIA.  By  Prince  Bojidar  Karageorgevitch. 
New  York  :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

FROM  THE  HIMALAYAS  TO  THE  EQUATOR.  By  Cyrus  D. 
Fon.  New  York :  Eaton  &  Mains. 

QUAINT  CORNERS  OF  ANCIENT  EMPIRES.  By  M.  M.  Shoe- 
maker. New  York  :  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

INTIMATE  CHINA.  By  Mrs.  Archibald  Little.  Philadel- 
phia :  J.  B.  Lippinoott  Co. 

HAWAIIAN-AMERICA.  By  Caspar  Whitney.  New  York : 
Harper  A  Brother*. 

TWELVE  MONTHS  IN  KLONDIKE.  By  R.  C.  Kirk.  Phila- 
delphia:  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


317 


sive  travels  by  the  Governor  over  his  vast  province, 
and  is  a  mine  of  recent  information  on  the  country, 
population,  and  industries,  containing  also  histor- 
ical notes  of  value.  The  author  evidently  has  at 
heart  the  well-being  and  development  of  northern 
Russia,  and  works  to  this  end  with  enlightened 
energy.  Further,  there  is  evidence  in  this  volume 
of  a  kindly  consideration  and  a  genial  humor,  qual- 
ities which  are  popularly  supposed  to  be  lacking  in 
a  Russian  governor.  The  following  example  may 
be  quoted  : 

"  Our  solicitude  for  the  Samoyedes  of  Novaia  Zemlia 
extended  even  to  such  details  as  the  following.  The 
settlers  included  a  brother  and  sister,  both  grown  up, 
and,  in  answer  to  the  usual  queries  as  to  what  articles 
they  were  in  need  of,  the  one  requested,  among  other 
things,  a  wife,  and  the  other  a  husband.  As  these  were 
not  forthcoming,  with  the  consent  of  their  parents  we 
brought  out  with  us  a  bridegroom  and  a  bride.  Each 
having  been  duly  introduced  to  his  or  her  partner,  I 
gave  them  an  hour  to  become  better  acquainted  with 
each  other,  after  which  the  weddings  were  immediately 
to  take  place.  The  young  Novaia  Zemlian  Samoyede 
was  pleased  with  the  bride  we  brought  him,  and  she, 
in  her  turn,  with  him.  .  .  .  But  not  so  with  the  other. 
The  Novaia  Zemlian  bride  would  have  nothing  to  do 
with  the  bridegroom  of  our  choosing.  «  Do  you  call  him 
a  Samoyede  ?  '  she  cried.  '  He  's  never  killed  a  white 
bear  !  Why,  my  little  brother,  who  's  only  twelve  years 
old,  has  killed  several,  and  I  myself  even  have  shot 
over  a  score  of  wild  deer.  And  what  has  he  been  do- 
ing ?  Killing  tame  reindeer  !  No,  I  wo  n't  have  him  ! ' 
And  she  was  as  good  as  her  word,  the  more  we  tried  to 
persuade  her,  the  more  she  insisted ;  nothing  we  could 
urge  could  prevail  on  her  to  have  him,  so  our  match- 
making was  not  altogether  a  success.  The  unlucky 
bridegroom  non-elect  could  only  pull  a  long  face  and 
retire  ! " 

This  volume  well  illustrates  in  many  details  the 
paternal  methods  by  which  Russia  has  been  so  suc- 
cessful in  dealing  with  inferior  alien  races.  There 
are  a  number  of  interesting  notes  on  natural  his- 
tory ;  but  we  should  like  better  evidence  than  reports 
as  to  the  wild  ducks  which  become  so  accustomed 
to  having  their  eggs  removed  by  the  natives  that 
if  "  an  odd  duckling  or  two  begin  to  peep  out  of 
their  shells,  the  old  ones  immediately  drag  them 
forth  and  hurl  them  into  the  water,"  and  also  as  to 
the  kind  of  shark  that  "  feeds  chiefly  on  human 
flesh."  The  book  contains  a  number  of  useful 
maps  and  illustrations. 

"  Holland  and  the  Hollanders,"  by  Mr.  David  S. 
Meldrum,  is  an  agreeably  written  description  of  the 
country  and  people.  The  opening  chapters  are 
given  to  impressions  of  the  Holland  of  to-day ;  while 
later  chapters  tell  of  the  government,  of  the  dykes, 
of  education,  and  of  the  state  of  affairs  in  the  sev- 
eral provinces.  One  of  our  author's  impressions  is 
that  "Too  much  is  made  of  the  Dutch  rage  for 
cleanliness.  The  village  of  Broek,  to  which  the 
tourist  is  sent  flying  by  the  guides,  to  see  this  na- 
tional virtue  in  its  most  ridiculous  exhibitions,  is  a 
standing  joke  among  the  Hollanders  themselves. 


The  explanation  of  all  this  scrubbing  and  polishing 
and  painting,  as  of  almost  all  the  characteristics  of 
the  Dutch,  is  the  superabundance  of  water."  This 
explanation,  it  must  be  granted,  he  finds  only  par- 
tial. This  work  is  useful  as  a  popular  book,  and 
contains  a  number  of  interesting  illustrations. 

"  Tunisia,"  by  Mr.  Herbert  Vivian,  contains  the 
impressions  acquired  by  a  conservative  and  some- 
what prejudiced  Englishman  during  a  brief  sojourn 
in  that  Barbary  State.  Mr.  Vivian  has  very  little 
that  is  good  to  say  of  the  French  in  Tunis,  as  is 
rather  vividly  intimated  by  his  secondary  title,  "  and 
the  Modern  Barbary  Pirates."  He  thinks  that 
"  the  administration  of  Tunisia  is  as  rotten  as  that 
of  the  French  Republic."  As  we  are  inclined  to 
suspect  the  fairness  of  the  book  in  some  respects,  so 
also  the  information  is  sometimes  suspicions,  as  when 
he  declares  that  "  the  Arabs  have  a  curious  charac- 
teristic in  common  with  horses  and  many  other  ani- 
mals. They  prefer  stagnant  water,  however  disgust- 
ing in  smell  and  appearance,  to  the  most  limpid 
running  water."  So  also  he  informs  us  that  it  is  a  cus- 
tom in  the  American  army  to  bury  all  mules  who  fall 
in  battle  with  military  honors.  However,  the  author 
gives  many  pleasant  descriptions  of  the  land  and  of 
the  people  —  Moslems,  Jews,  and  "  niggers  " —  as 
in  this  of  the  street  story-teller : 

"  First  he  collected  his  audience  in  a  circle  around 
him  by  much  banging  of  his  tambourine.  Then  he  pro- 
ceeded to  spin  the  most  marvellous  yarns,  only  stopping 
to  collect  pennies  when  he  reached  a  climax  of  excite- 
ment, and  perceived  that  his  hearers  were  burning  to 
know  what  happened  next  to  the  princess,  or  the  Jinn, 
or  the  enchanted  casket.  He  reminded  me  of  the  sen- 
sational magazines,  which  always  take  care  to  close  the 
instalments  of  their  serials  at  the  most  breathless  situ- 
ations. When  he  had  collected  as  much  as  he  fancied 
would  be  volunteered  by  his  hearers,  he  would  count  up 
the  total  and  announce  that  he  must  have  so  many  more 
pence  before  revealing  another  syllable  of  the  story. 
He  was  generally  as  good  as  his  word,  and  it  was  the 
most  inquisitive  part  of  his  audience  which  had  to  pay." 

While  this  work  is  far  from  being  impartial  or  thor- 
oughgoing, it  is  readable  and  fresh,  and  the  many 
photographic  illustrations  add  to  the  interest. 

Mr.  Charles  Dana  Gibson,  in  his  "Sketches  in 
Egypt,"  gives  us  in  breezy  style  by  pen  and  pencil 
his  impressions  of  Cairo  and  the  usual  tourist  trip 
up  the  Nile  to  the  first  cataract.  The  brief  text  is 
written  in  a  light,  airy  vein,  often  approaching  the 
flippant ;  but,  of  course,  the  illustrations  are  the 
chief  excuse  for  the  volume.  We  confess  that  Mr. 
Gibson  does  not  seem  to  us  at  his  happiest  here. 
Occasionally,  as  on  pages  9,  22,  94,  the  drawings 
show  his  best  characteristic  touch ;  but  in  the  main 
they  are  rather  weak  and  flat,  and  often  made 
worse  by  poor  printing. 

Mr.  Charles  Neufeld's  "  A  Prisoner  of  the  Kha- 
leefa  "  is  a  companion  book  to  Slatin's  "  Fire  and 
Sveord  in  the  Soudan,"  being  a  narrative  of  capture, 
imprisonment,  and  slavery  among  the  Mahdists. 
But  it  suffers  in  comparison  with  Mr.  Slatin's  work, 


318 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


for  it  is  quite  lacking  in  picturesquenest  and  breadth 
of  view,  and  in  all  qualities  of  style ;  and,  besides, 
it  is  too  summary,  and  too  much  a  mere  personal 
vindication,  to  be  of  the  highest  interest  and  value. 
Yet  the  rather  bald  and  brief  account  of  each  re- 
markable experiences  among  so  remarkable  a  peo- 
ple cannot  fail  to  be  of  considerable  interest  and 
value.  Certainly,  whenever  the  author  forgets  him- 
self, and  speaks  in  some  objective  way  of  the  native 
and  his  surroundings,  he  can  be  both  entertaining 
and  instructive, —  as,  for  example,  in  his  description 
of  the  arrangement  of  marriages  between  prisoners 
and  jailers.  The  ferocity,  mendacity,  avarice  and 
cruelty  of  the  MahdisU  are  drawn  in  even  blacker 
lines  than  by  Mr.  Slatin.  Mr.  Nenfeld  was  in  irons 
for  practically  the  whole  time  of  his  captivity. 

"  For  ten  years  I  had  been  so  chained  and  weighted 
with  iron  that  it  was  only  with  effort  I  was  able  to 
raise  my  feet  from  the  ground  in  order  to  shuffle  from 
place  to  place;  the  bars  of  iron  connected  with  the 
anklets  had  limited  the  stride  or  shuffle  to  about  ten  or 
twelve  inches.  '  When  freed  from  all  this,  I  ran  and 
jumped  about  the  whole  day  long  like  one  possessed; 
but  the  sudden  call  upon  the  muscles  so  long  unused 
resulted  in  a  swelling  of  the  legs  from  hips  to  ankles, 
and  this  was  accompanied  with  most  excruciating  pains." 

No  doubt  many  of  Neofeld's  extraordinary  hard- 
ships were  due  to  wrong-headedness  and  hot-head- 
edness,  as,  indeed,  he  sometimes  acknowledges. 
The  author  had  much  to  do  with  the  natives  in  a 
medical  way,  and  thus  notes  their  insensibility  to 
pain,  apropos  of  extracting  a  bullet  from  the  arm 
of  a  Soudanese  with  a  penknife : 

"Maybe,  with  a  European,  chloroform  might  have 
been  necessary  for  the  extraction  of  the  bullet  in  the 
arm;  but  with  a  Soudanese  —  have  I  not  already  said 
that  a  dervish  can  continue  leaping  and  stabbing  with 
half  a  dozen  severe  wounds  in  his  body  ?  A  dervish  can 
and  will  kill  at  the  moment  when  the  ventricles  of  his 
heart  make  their  last  contraction.  Bodily  pain,  as  we 
understand  it,  is  unknown  to  them.  Many  a  time  have 
I  applied,  and  seen  applied,  red-hot  charcoal  to  sores, 
with  the  patients  calmly  looking  on." 

Mr.  Neufeld  believes  it  was  a  mistake  to  grant  any 
quarter  to  wounded  dervishes.  The  book  has  a 
number  of  useful  illustrations,  maps,  sketches,  and 
appendices. 

"  Enchanted  India,"  by  Prince  Karageorgevitch, 
is  a  series  of  slight  artistic  sketches,  or  literary 
etchings,  descriptive  of  the  native  life  in  the  great 
centres  of  India.  As  an  example,  we  may  instance 
this  sketch  of  native  soldiery : 

"  Some  native  lancers  were  manoeuvring;  they  charged 
at  top  speed  in  a  swirl  of  golden  dust,  which  transfig- 
ured their  movements,  making  them  look  as  though 
they  did  not  touch  the  earth,  but  were  riding  on  the 
clouds.  They  swept  lightly  past,  almost  diaphanous, 
the  colour  of  their  yellow  khaki  uniforms  mingling  with 
the  ochre  sand ;  and  then,  not  ten  yards  off,  they  stopped 
short,  with  astonishing  precision,  like  an  apparition. 
Their  lances  quivered  for  an  instant,  a  flash  of  steel 
sparks  against  the  sky  —  a  salute  to  the  Maharajah  — 
and  then  they  were  as  motionless  as  statues." 


Another  book  on  India,  of  quite  a  different  type, 
is  "  From  the  Himalayas  to  the  Equator,"  by  Bishop 
Cyrus  Foss.  This  is  an  account  of  the  Bishop's 
recent  missionary  tour  in  India  and  Malaysia,  and 
is  Jn  the  form  of  letters  of  travel.  It  in  illustrated 
from  photographs,  and  will  be  of  special  interest  to 
missionary  circles. 

Mr.  M.  M.  Shoemaker's  "Quaint  Corners  of 
Ancient  Empires  "  is  a  series  of  brief  sketchy  chap- 
ters made  by  the  quick-passing  traveller  in  Southern 
India,  Burma,  and  Manila.  It  hardly  deserves  its 
title,  save,  perhaps,  in  the  case  of  the  chapter  on 
Rameswaram,  "  the  most  venerated,  the  most  mag- 
nificent, and  the  largest  of  Hindoo  temples,  situated 
on  a  lonely  sandy  island  close  under  the  shores  of 
Southern  India."  One  corridor  of  this  temple  he 
describes  as  a  thousand  feet  long.  ••  In  fact,  all 
the  shrines  of  the  world  shrink  into  insignificance 
as  one  stands  gazing  down  the  vast  spaces  of  Rames- 
waram." He  has  much  also  to  say  of  the  temples 
of  Burma.  The  author  was  in  Manila  in  January 
of  this  year,  but  his  observations  of  this  region  are 
of  the  slightest.  While  this  work  is  hasty  and  su- 
perficial, it  is  fairly  readable,  and  the  illustrations 
are  of  some  interest 

"  Intimate  China,"  by  Mrs.  Archibald  Little,  ia 
a  large,  finely  manufactured  and  illustrated  book, 
which  fairly  justifies  its  title,  as  being  a  close  study 
based  on  long  and  varied  experience.  The  author 
is  well  acquainted  with  Pekin,  and  has  made  sev- 
eral tours  in  far  western  China,  even  being  so  ad- 
venturous as  to  penetrate  into  Chinese  Tibet.  Very 
vivid  and  interesting  are  her  sketches  of  crowded 
city  life,  as  in  her  note  on  the 

"  All-pervading  babble,  row  I  had  almost  called  it,  of 
the  boys  in  the  schools,  here,  there,  and  everywhere,  so 
that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  get  out  of  earshot  of 
'them,  all  at  the  top  of  their  boy  voices  shouting  out  the 
classics,  as  they  painstakingly  day  after  day  and  year 
after  year  commit  them  to  memory.  With  the  sickly 
sweet  smell  of  the  opium,  and  to  the  sound  of  the  vast 
ear-drum-splitting  army  of  China's  schoolboys,  all  must 
forever  associate  life  in  a  Chinese  city." 

So,  again,  she  notes  her  plan  for  subduing  the  crowds 
that  annoyed  her : 

"So  I  tried  my  old  plan,  the  only  one  I  have  ever 
found  effectual  with  a  Chinese  crowd,  and,  getting  out 
of  the  chair,  standing  quite  still,  looked  solemnly  and 
sadly  at  first  one,  then  another,  till  he  wished  the  ground 
would  cover  him  and  retired.  I  fancy  glasses  heighten 
the  effect.  Anyway,  they  all  sat  down,  each  hiding 
behind  the  other  as  far  as  he  could." 

Mrs.  Little  writes  throughout  in  a  very  open-minded, 
fair  and  sympathetic  way,  and  the  book  is  to  be 
cordially  recommended  both  for  information  and 
entertainment. 

"  Hawaiian  America,"  by  Mr.  Caspar  Whitney, 
is  a  good  general  account  of  the  Hawaii  of  to-day 
with  some  notice  of  the  Hawaii  of  yesterday.  Mr. 
Whitney  regards  Hawaii  as  the  only  one  of  our 
possessions 
"  Likely  to  become  an  American  community.  Here  i» 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


319 


no  such  problem  such  as  awaits  us  in  the  Philippines,  or 
in  Puerto  Rico,  or  even  in  Cuba.  No  wrenching  of 
local  law  or  upheaval  of  native  custom  attended  the 
annexation  of  Hawaii.  Here  was  a  country  with  an 
established  government  uncorrupted  ;  a  people,  the 
richest  per  capita  in  the  world,  and  with  a  percentage  of 
illiteracy  lower  than  that  of  any  European  nation,  save 
perhaps  Prussia,  and  lower  than  in  many  of  our  own 
States;  a  land  capable  of  producing  the  majority  of  the 
products  of  the  temperate  and  tropical  zones ;  a  country 
largely  Americanized  and  wholly  Christianized." 

The  work  is  fully  illustrated  from  photographs,  and 
is  well  provided  with  maps,  making  a  very  useful 
sketch  of  the  Islands. 

"Twelve  Months  in  Klondike,"  by  Mr.  R.  C. 
Kirk,  is  a  simple  graphic  sketch  by  a  newspaper 
correspondent  who  went  through  to  Dawson  by  way 
of  the  Chilcoot  Pass  in  the  fall  of  1897.  The  photo- 
graphic illustrations  are  exceptionally  clear. 

H.  M.  STANLEY. 


BRIEFS  ox  NEW  BOOKS. 


Methods  and  The  first  volume  of  an  important 

materials  of  work  that  will  be  welcome  to  all  stu- 

literary  criticism.  dent8  Q{  literature  has  just  been  pub- 
lished. The  work  is  a  product  of  the  joint  schol- 
arship of  Professors  Charles  Mills  Gayley  and  Fred 
Newton  Scott,  and  is  entitled  "  An  Introduction  to 
the  Methods  and  Materials  of  Literary  Criticism  " 
(Ginn).  The  sub-title  of  the  present  volume  is 
"  The  Bases  in  ^Esthetics  and  Poetics."  A  second 
volume  dealing  with  "  Literary  Types  "  will  com- 
plete the  work.  Literary  criticism,  say  the  authors, 
has  now  "  outgrown  the  stage  of  unquestioning  ac- 
quiescence in  tradition,  authority,  personal  bias  or 
prejudice.  But  it  is  not  yet  fully  alive  to  its  possi- 
bilities, scope,  or  aim, — not  organized."  An  attempt 
at  such  organization  is  what  this  work  offers  us. 
"  The  objects  more  directly  aimed  at  in  this  volume, 
and  that  which  will  shortly  follow  it,  are,  first,  to 
give  the  reader  his  orientation  by  showing  the  rela- 
tions of  literature  to  art,  criticism,  aesthetics,  and 
the  contributory  sciences,  and  by  displaying  the 
solidarity  and  scope  of  literature ;  second,  to  con- 
sider the  main  types  or  forms  which  literature  has 
assumed  in  the  course  of  its  development ;  third,  to 
trace  the  movement  and  determine  the  law  of  liter- 
ary waves  or  fashions ;  and  last,  to  deduce  from 
these  considerations  the  principles  which  should 
guide  us  in  critically  estimating  given  literary  pro- 
ducts." Of  this  ambitious  programme,  only  the 
"  orientation  "  is  dealt  with  in  the  present  volume. 
Each  of  its  seven  chapters  embraces  (1 )  a  discus- 
sion of  such  problems  as  the  topic  in  hand  presents 
for  consideration,  (2)  a  comprehensive  bibliography, 
with  critical  commentary  on  each  important  refer- 
ence, (3)  suggestions  for  special  investigation.  The 
chapters  have  for  their  several  subjects  the  "  Nature 
and  Function  of  Literary  Criticism,"  the  "  Princi- 
ples of  Literature,"  "  The  Theory  of  Poetry," 


"  The  Historical  Study  of  Poetics,"  and  "  The  Prin- 
ciples of  Versification."  The  authors  add  this  note 
to  the  exposition  of  their  plan :  "  While  the  work 
is  not  intended  to  set  forth  any  special  system  or 
criticism,  being  rather  a  clue  to  the  sources  which 
will  acquaint  the  student  with  any  or  all  systems, 
yet  some  pains  has  been  taken  to  distinguish,  in  the 
commentary,  those  theories  which  are  thought  to 
rest  upon  a  sound  scientific  and  aesthetic  basis." 
The  result  of  all  this  industry  is  not,  indeed,  a  book 
to  be  read,  but  a  book  to  be  used  as  a  guide  through 
the  labyrinth  of  critical  literature ;  and  in  this  re- 
spect the  bibliographical  sections  are  by  far  the  most 
important,  being  prepared  with  great  thoroughness, 
and  embracing  classified  references  to  the  most  im- 
portant work  to  be  found  in  all  the  culture-lan- 
guages. As  has  already  been  observed,  the  aim  of 
the  work  is  mainly  that  of  guidance  and  suggestion 
rather  than  of  elaborating  a  critical  system  ;  but  we 
should  supplement  this  statement  by  saying  that  the 
modern  scientific  or  evolutionary  treatment  of  liter- 
ature is  the  underlying  principle  of  the  whole  dis- 
cussion, a  fact  which  comes  out  clearly  in  the  section 
dealing  with  "  Comparative  Literature."  We  are 
bound  to  compliment  the  authors  of  this  volume 
upon  their  scholarship  and  their  fairness  in  present- 
ing contrasted  opinions,  and  to  thank  them  most 
heartily  for  placing  in  our  hands  a  manual  of  the 
subject  that  goes  far  beyond  anything  hitherto 
attempted  in  English,  and  that  is  simply  invaluable 
for  purposes  of  reference. 

M.  Imbert  de  Saint- Amand's  latest 
volume,  «  France  and  Italy"  (Scrib- 
ner),  deals  with  that  annus  mirabi- 
lis  of  modern  Italian  history,  1859, —  the  year  of 
Louis  Napoleon's  "  Sardinian  adventure  "  (a  games- 
ter's throw,  we  should  say,  rather  than  a  quixotic- 
ally generous  enterprise  in  political  knight-errantry), 
with  its  tragic  episodes  of  Magenta  and  Solferino, 
and  its,  for  Sardinia  and  Cavour,  somewhat  abor- 
tive issue  at  Villafranca.  In  his  curious  and  very 
characteristic  foreword  (characteristically  French, 
we  mean),  M.  Saint-Amand  calls  upon  his  country- 
men to  contemplate  the  triumphs  of  that  "  swift  and 
joyous  "  (!)  war  of  1859,  and  to  seek  in  its  memo- 
ries a  lenitive  for  those  of  1870.  "Our  misfortunes," 
he  philosophically  says,  "  occupy  our  minds  too 
much ;  we  do  not  think  enough  about  our  glories. 
Hypnotized  by  the  memory  of  our  disasters,  we  lose 
sight  of  triumphs,  the  record  of  which  is,  neverthe- 
less, preeminently  adapted  to  fortify  the  military 
sentiment  which  is  the  hope  and  consolation  of 
France."  One  would  think  that  the  obviously  wise 
thing  for  France  to  do  now,  in  view  of  the  evil  and 
humiliation  which  that  same  "  military  sentiment " 
has  brought  upon  her,  would  be  to  weaken  and  sup- 
plant it,  rather  than  to  fortify  it,  and  to  find  "  hope 
and  consolation,"  not  in  the  prospect  of  a  bloody 
revanche  upon  the  power  she  wantonly  provoked 
beyond  endurance  in  1870,  but  in  that  of  a  national 
future  serene  in  the  substantial  blessings  of  wide- 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


spread  prosperity  and  well-being,  and  illustrious  in 
those  higher  arts  of  peace  and  civilization  which  she 
has  already  done  so  much  to  heighten  and  adorn. 
How  much  better  to  contemplate  a  future  like  that 
painted  by  Condorcet,  the  noblest  victim  of  the 
Revolution,  than  one  which  shall  repeat  the  specious 
glories  of  Napoleonic  days !  Is  not  the  Napoleonic 
legend,  for  France,  a  Upas  tree,  rooted  in  a  soil  that 
was  fattened  with  the  blood  of  a  sturdy  and  virile 
generation  of  her  sons  whose  untimely  cutting  off 
is  the  secret  of  her  admitted  physical  degeneracy 
to-day  ?  Further,  if  France's  ideal  and  summmn 
bonum  of  aspiration  must  still  be,  as  M.  Saint- 
Amand  quietly  assumes,  military  glory,  is  there  not 
just  now  clearly  a  more  practical  and  necessary  busi- 
ness for  her  to  look  to  than  the  mere  feeding  of  her 
imagination  on  the  memories  of  Magenta  and  Sol- 
f  erino  ?  What  of  the  present  condition  of  the  instru- 
ment by  which  future  Magentas  and  Solferinos  are 
to  be  won  ?  The  achievements  of  an  army  officered 
largely  by  such  men  as  stood  the  other  day  in  the 
pillory  at  Rennes  will  hardly  be  of  a  nature  to  erase 
the  recollections  and  heal  the  smarts  of  Sedan. 
M.  Saint-Amand  is  a  swift,  brilliant,  and  sympa- 
thetic narrator,  a  capital  painter  of  historical  pic- 
tures, a  shrewd  judge  of  men  and  motives ;  and  the 
present  volume  is  one  of  the  best  of  the  popular 
series  of  historical  studies  which  has  made  his  name 
a  familiar  one  to  American  readers.  M.  Saint- 
Amand  is  particularly  happy  in  his  citations  from 
the  authorities,  and  his  books  are  a  veritable  mine 
in  that  sort.  The  great  diplomatic  and  military 
events  of  1859  are  nowhere  more  brilliantly  and  en- 
tertainingly if  slightly  sketched  than  in  this  volume. 
The  illustrations  comprise  portraits  of  Victor  Em- 
manuel, MacMahon,  Francis  Joseph,  and  Cavour. 

Euayton  ^r<  George  E.  Woodberry  is  one  of 

pot  try,  politic*,       those  reserved  writers  who  are  con- 

and  reliyion.  tent  to  ^   faeard    Qnjy  &t  rare  jnter. 

vals,  and  whose  thought  is  allowed  to  ripen  before 
it  takes  the  garb  of  print.  When  he  does  speak, 
whether  in  verse  or  prose,  we  know  that  he  is  giv- 
ing us  of  his  best,  and  that  best  has  a  quality  too 
rarely  met  with  in  this  age  of  hurried  and  voluble 
speech.  The  four  papers  to  which  "  Heart  of 
Man  "  (Macmillan)  is  given  as  a  collective  title  are 
seemingly  diverse  in  their  themes  —  the  first  a 
descriptive  and  historical  essay  on  "Taormina," 
another,  "  A  New  Defence  of  Poetry,"  another  a 
disquisition  upon  "  Democracy,"  and  the  last,  "  The 
Ride,"  a  collection  of  philosophical  jottings  from  a 
thinker's  note-book.  "  The  intention  of  the  author 
was  to  illustrate  how  poetry,  politics,  and  religion 
are  the  flowering  of  the  same  human  spirit,  and 
have  their  feeding  roots  in  a  common  soil, '  deep  in 
the  general  heart  of  men.'  "  It  is  in  this  sense,  and  in 
the  common  possession  of  that  high  seriousness  which 
is  so  greatly  needed  in  literature,  that  these  essays 
have  claim  to  unity  ;  this  we  feel  more  and  more  as 
the  impression  of  their  fine  idealism  becomes  deep- 
ened page  by  page.  Here  is  a  writer  with  the 


firmest  of  faith  in  the  things  of  the  spirit,  to  whom 
poetry  is  as  the  bread  of  life,  to  whom  democracy 
is  ••  the  earthly  hope  of  men,"  to  whom  religion  is 
no  mere  affair  of  observance  but  the  name  which  we 
give  to  the  most  sacred  aspirations  of  the  soul.  And 
the  writer's  message  upon  these  high  matters  is 
delivered  in  a  style  of  such  exquisite  simplicity,  such 
grateful  cadence,  such  finished  art,  that  we  take 
new  hope  for  the  nation  that  can  still  raise  up  such 
voices  to  express  its  nobler  moods.  The  message, 
to  quote  the  author's  own  words,  is  "  blended  of 
many  voices  of  the  poets  whom  Shelley  called, 
whatever  might  be  their  calamity  on  earth,  the  most 
fortunate  of  men ;  it  rises  from  all  lands,  all  ages, 
all  religions ;  it  is  the  battle-cry  of  that  one  great 
idea  whose  slow  and  hesitating  growth  is  the  un- 
folding of  our  long  civilization,  seeking  to  realize  in 
democracy  the  earthly,  and  in  Christianity  the 
heavenly,  hope  of  men,  —  the  idea  of  the  commu- 
nity of  the  soul,  the  sameness  of  it  in  all  men."  It 
seems  a  pity  to  descend  to  minute  criticism  of  a 
volume  so  deserving  of  praise,  but  we  must  note  two 
minor  slips,  one  made  in  quoting  "  the  rack  of  this 
tough  world,"  which  memory  tricked  the  writer 
into  calling  ••  this  rude  world."  and  one  made  in 
attributing  the  discovery  of  Uranus  to  Leverrier 
instead  of  to  Herschel.  What  is  really  meant  is 
the  discovery  of  Neptune  by  Leverrier  and  Adams. 

By  the  translation  of  two  of  the 
earlier  plays  of  M.  Rostand,  our 
reading  public  has  a  chance  to  esti- 
mate more  fully  than  it  could  hitherto  the  power  of 
the  author  of  "  Cyrano  de  Bergerac."  "  Les  Ro- 
manesques "  is  translated  by  Mips  Mary  Hendee 
under  the  title  "The  Romancers"  (Doubleday); 
"La  Princesse  Lointaine "  is  translated  by  Mr. 
Charles  Renauld  (Stokes).  We  think  that,  con- 
trary to  the  usual  expectation  in  such  cases,  these 
earlier  works  will  add  to  the  reputation  of  their 
author.  Not  that  they  are  as  fine  plays  as  M. 
Rostand's  famous  masterpiece,  but  each  is  in  its 
own  way  so  very  good  that  we  gain  from  them  a 
higher  opinion  of  their  author.  "  Les  Romanesques" 
is,  and  was  intended  to  be,  no  more  than  a  charm- 
ing trifle,  whimsical,  original,  poetic.  It  tones  more 
than  the  other  in  the  translation,  perhaps  necessa- 
rily ;  but  what  is  left  has  a  quality,  a  poetic  charac- 
ter, in  which  we  find  an  echo,  or  really  a  premoni- 
tion, of  the  contagions  exuberance  which  sometimes 
breaks  out  in  the  Gascon  hero  of  the  later  play. 
"  La  Princesse  Lointaine,"  however,  is  more  than 
charming :  it  has  real  beauty.  It  is  by  no  meant 
surprising  that  M.  Coquelin,  when  he  heard  it  read, 
had  the  confidence  in  the  author  which  called  forth 
"Cyrano  de  Bergerac."  It  has  the  same  charac- 
teristic :  it  is  a  real,  a  serious  idea,  etherealized  into 
a  delicate  poetic  form.  The  play  has  not,  we  should 
say,  the  power  of  construction  of  M.  Rostand's 
masterpiece,  but  this  note  of  reality  in  all  the  ex- 
travagance of  romance  it  does  have.  It  may  re- 
mind one  of  "Tristan  nnd  Isolde" — some  of  the 


The  earlier 
play i  of 
M.  Rutland. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


321 


circumstances,  some  of  the  motives  are  the  same  — 
and  if  so,  the  striking  power  of  M.  Rostand  will 
probably  appear.  In  "  Tristan  "  we  have  an  ideali- 
zation of  passion  than  which  it  would  seem  nothing 
could  go  further.  In  the  "Princesse,"  however, 
we  have  an  embodied  apprehension  of  the  real  mo- 
tive power  of  life  (in  the  romancer's  ethic),  which 
appears  to  be  something  better.  The  play  is  not 
dramatically  so  strong  as  "  Tristan,"  for  it  is  not 
so  ably  thought  out  or  put  into  form  :  it  seems  to 
us  to  fall  off  a  little  toward  the  end.  But  in  it  M. 
Rostand  grasped  an  idea,  an  idea  which  enabled 
him  to  see  the  things  he  makes  us  see  in  "  Cyrano 
de  Bergerac."  The  two  translations  are  good,  but 
not  remarkable  ;  that  of  "  La  Princesse  Lointaine" 
seems  the  better,  but  both  can  be  read  with  pleas- 
ure. We  should  now  like  to  see  a  translation  of 
"  La  Samaritaine." 


"  Fisherman's 
Luck  "  and 
other  stories. 


The  right  flavor  of  the  essay,  as  a 
specific  form  of  composition,  pleas- 
antly prevades  most  of  the  dozen 
charming  papers  contained  in  Dr.  Henry  Van  Dyke's 
"Fisherman's  Luck"  (Scribner).  The  initial  pa- 
per gives  title  to  the  volume.  Other  titles  are  "  The 
Thrilling  Moment,"  "  Taxability,"  "A  Wild  Straw- 
berry," "  Fishing  in  Books,"  "A  Lazy,  Idle  Brook," 
"A  Norwegian  Honeymoon,"  "A  Fatal  Success," 
etc.  Dr.  Van  Dyke,  naturally,  has  his  say  on 
Walton ;  and  here,  let  us  add,  it  occurs  to  us  that 
if  any  one  of  our  writers  deserves  to  be  dubbed  "  the 
American  Walton  "  it  is  the  Doctor.  The  pisca- 
torial habit  he  has  in  the  due  degree;  and  there  is 
more  than  a  little  of  the  peculiar  Waltonian  charm 
of  freshness  and  gayety  —  the  unaffected  joy  in 
the  things  of  nature  that  form  the  setting,  the 
sweet  and  wholesome  environment,  of  the  angler's 
pursuit,  in  bis  pages.  Dr.  Van  Dyke  finds  that  only 
two  writers  have  spoken  ill  of  Walton  :  the  envious 
imitator  Franck,  and  Lord  Byron.  But  there  was 
a  third  detractor,  a  very  savage  one,  Leigh  Hunt, 
who  inveighed  against  Izaak's  cruelty  to  the  fish  — 
and,  he  might  have  added,  to  the  creatures  he  used 
as  bait.  And  certainly  some  of  Piscator's  direc- 
tions to  his  "loving  scholar  "  as  to  the  proper  mode 
of  impaling  frogs  and  worms  and  minnows,  so  as  to 
keep  them  writhing  in  torture  on  the  hook  and  hence 
enticing  to  the  fish,  are,  when  broadly  and  unpisca- 
torially  viewed,  rather  shocking.  Once  he  posi- 
tively jests  over  the  process.  Telling  how  to  put 
a  frog  on  the  hook,  he  ironically  adds, — "  and  in  so 
doing,  use  him  as  though  you  loved  him,  that  is, 
harm  him  as  little  as  you  may  possibly,  that  he  may 
live  the  longer"  Whereat  Hunt  is  moved  to  say : 
"Now  fancy  a  Genius  fishing  for  us.  Fancy  him 
baiting  a  great  hook  with  pickled  salmon,  and 
twitching  up  old  Izaak  Walton  from  the  banks  of 
the  river  Lea,  with  the  hook  through  his  ear.  How 
he  would  go  up,  roaring  and  screaming,  and  thinking 
the  devil  had  got  him  ! "  But  these  are  unpleasant 
reflections  for  the  angler,  who,  however  contem- 
plative a  man  he  may  be,  can  hardly  in  the  nature 


of  things  go  over  to  the  fishes'  point  of  view — and  re- 
main an  angler.  Dr.  Van  Dyke's  book  is  written  in 
his  pleasantest  and  most  characteristic  vein,  and  is 
sure  of  its  welcome.  The  publishers  have  given  it  a 
comely  setting,  the  illustrations  forming  a  tempting 
feature  of  the  work. 


Dr.  Norman  Bridge's  little  book  on 
"The  Penalties  of  Taste"  (H.  S. 
Stone  &  Co.)  is  one  that  does  not 
give  a  very  clear  account  of  itself,  so  far,  at  least, 
as  the  title  is  concerned.  It  consists  of  six  essays, 
and  is  named  from  the  first  of  them.  But  this  first 
essay,  although  quite  characteristic  in  tendency  and 
treatment,  is  not  as  obviously  so  in  title.  We 
incline  to  think  that  had  the  book  been  called  "  The 
Nerves  of  the  Modern  Child  "  it  would  have  given 
a  better  idea  of  itself ;  namely,  that  it  is  a  collection 
of  studies  on  some  aspects  of  modern  life  by  one  who 
looks  at  the  question  chiefly  (and  with  good  right) 
from  the  standpoint  of  modern  psychology  and  neu- 
rology. Such,  at  any  rate,  the  book  is  :  six  essays, 
on  the  two  subjects  named,  and  on  Bashfulness, 
Heredity,  Conscience,  and  Education,  —  or,  more 
exactly,  on  some  aspects  of  these  topics.  It  is  a 
very  suggestive  volume ;  we  have  read  it  with 
interest,  and  recommend  it  to  anyone  who  is  study- 
ing current  human  nature.  We  find  one  matter, 
however,  to  note :  namely,  a  certain  lack  of  coor- 
dination between  writer  and  reader.  The  writer, 
for  instance,  has  in  mind  the  commonplaces  of 
modern  physiology,  but  he  does  not  seem  to  remem- 
ber that  most  readers  have  not ;  on  the  other  hand, 
he  has  not  in  mind  a  good  deal  of  reading  which 
readers  nowadays  are  likely  enough  to  have.  Thus, 
Dr.  Bridge  assumes  an  acquaintance  with  the  cell- 
theory  :  the  average  reader  knows  that  there  are 
such  things  as  cells,  but  has  very  little  exact  knowl- 
edge of  them  and  therefore  does  not  realise  allu- 
sions. On  the  other  hand,  Dr.  Bridge  writes  of  the 
"  collective  conscience,"  without  any  reference  to 
previous  speculation  on  the  matter ;  but,  probably, 
everyone  now  has  read,  in  some  more  or  less  popu- 
larized form,  of  the  "  psychology  of  the  crowd." 
For  the  reason,  then,  that  one  has  oneself  to  do 
most  of  the  coordination  with  previous  ideas,  these 
essays  are  a  little  hard  to  read,  unless  one  is  con- 
tent to  get  from  them  the  temporary  stimulus  that 
always  comes  from  the  working  of  an  original  mind 
turned  upon  interesting  subjects. 

The  special  features  of  the  attractive 
newr  edition,  in  two  moderate  sized 
volumes,  of  "  The  Reminiscences  and 
Recollections  of  Captain  Gronow  "  (Scribner's  im- 
portation) are  the  full  indices  to  each  volume,  and 
the  32  illustrations  copied  and  adapted  from  con- 
temporary sources  by  Mr.  Joseph  Grego.  Mr. 
Grego's  pictures  add  decidedly  to  the  piquancy  and 
graphic  quality  of  the  book.  There  is  no  need  now 
to  dwell  at  length  on  Gronow.  His  business  in  life 
was,  as  he  and  his  kind  phrase  it,  to  "  know  every- 


322 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


body  and  to  go  everywhere  " ;  and  his  book  shows 
how  even  the  smallest  of  God's  creatures  has  its 
serious  uses.  Dandy,  quidnunc,  and  fashionable 
idler,  Gronow  had  perhaps  the  largest  circle  of 
fashionable  acquaintance  of  any  man  of  his  time 
in  Europe ;  and  he  Boswellized  his  circle.  As  some 
men  collect  china,  or  prints,  or  first  editions,  so 
Gronow  collected  stories  —  stories  illustrative  of 
the  ways  and  eccentricities  of  people  talked  about 
in  the  beau  monde,  from  great  luminaries  like 
Wellington,  Byron,  Tallyrand,  Latnartine,  or  Peel, 
down  to  social  star-dust  or  mere  eccentrics  like 
Brummel  and  Romeo  Coates.  Many  of  the  stories 
were  Gronow's  own ;  and  he  prided  himself  on  pos- 
sessing the  correct  and  authentic  versions  of  certain 
current  but  warped  or  exaggerated  anecdotes  — 
Brummel's  alleged  request  to  the  Prince  "  to  ring 
the  bell,"  for  instance,  which  Gronow,  with  the  air 
and  authority  of  a  Grote  or  a  Mommsen,  shows  to 
have  been,  like  so  many  accepted  accounts  of  much 
weightier  matters,  a  myth  with  a  tincture  of  fact. 
Gronow  was,  beyond  compare,  the  best  stocked 
raconteur  of  his  time ;  and  in  a  philanthropic  mo- 
ment he  determined  to  write  a  book,  to  bequeath, 
as  it  were,  to  posterity  the  wonderful  store  of  racy 
personalities  and  anecdotal  bric-ii-brar  he  had  spent 
his  life  in  amassing.  This  book,  one  of  the  most 
entertaining  of  its  kind,  and  already  an  instructive 
picture  of  the  manners  and  morals  of  the  world  it 
paints,  will  grow  in  a  certain  historical  value  as  time 
goes  on.  History  could  ill  spare  its  Walpoles  and 
its  Gronows.  Too  much  chaff  is  undoubtedly  min- 
gled with  Gronow's  grain,  but  he  will  continue  to 
be  read  and  cited  and  to  wax  in  authority,  in  his 
small  kind ;  and  the  present  edition  of  him  is 
attractive,  convenient,  and  at  all  points  satisfying. 

"A  Short  History  of  Free  Thought, 
Ancient  and  Modern  "  (Macmillan), 
by  Mr.  John  M.  Robertson,  is  a  work 
that  has  no  close  parallel  among  previous  publica- 
tions, although  Lange's  "  History  of  Materialism  " 
covers  a  considerable  part  of  the  same  ground.  The 
distinction  between  the  two  books  is  that  Lange 
deals  especially  with  general  philosophic  problems, 
while  Mr.  Robertson's  work  has  for  its  subject  the 
"  revision  or  rejection  of  current  religious  doctrines 
by  more  or  less  practical  people."  Freethought  is 
defined  by  our  author  as  "a  conscious  reaction 
against  some  phase  or  phases  of  conventional  or 
traditional  doctrine  in  religion  —  on  the  one  hand, 
a  claim  to  think  freely,  in  the  sense  not  of  disre- 
gard for  logic  but  of  special  loyalty  to  it,  on  prob- 
lems to  which  the  past  course  of  things  has  given  a 
great  intellectual  and  practical  importance ;  on  the 
other  hand,  the  actual  practice  of  such  thinking." 
Armed  with  this  definition,  the  author  proceeds  to 
survey  the  history  of  intellectual  endeavor,  all  the 
way  down  from  primitive  man  to  the  latest  living 
champions  of  rationality  against  superstition.  It  is 
an  inspiring  subject,  this  history  of  the  torch-bearers 
of  the  intellect,  of  the  secular  struggle  of  truth 


against  error ;  but  the  scope  of  the  work  is  so  vast 
that  rhetorical  adornments  have  to  be  suppressed, 
or  at  best  merely  indicated,  and  even  then  this 
••  short  history  "  fills  a  stout  volume  of  nearly  five 
hundred  pages.  It  must  be  confessed  that  the  work 
has  a  strong  bias  toward  naturalism  as  against  su- 
pernaturalism,  and  the  author  sometimes  strains  a 
point  for  the  purpose  of  counting  some  great  thinker 
or  man  of  action  upon  his  side.  He  is  also  conspic- 
uously unsympathetic  in  dealing  with  certain  of  his 
opponents.  But  his  book  is  nevertheless  a  welcome 
contribution  to  the  intellectual  history  of  mankind, 
welcome  to  the  general  reader  for  its  perspicuity  of 
statement  and  to  the  scholar  for  its  industrious  mar- 
shallings  of  facts  and  references. 

Letkrito  So  long  have  we  been  accustomed 

a  friend,  to  think  of  Kiiifixiii  as  henceforth 

among  the  silent,  so  long  have  we 
been  in  possession  of  his  "  Complete  Works,"  that 
it  is  a  delight  indeed  to  greet  a  new  volume  from 
his  pen  —  "  Letters  to  a  Friend  "  (Houghton).  The 
book  is  but  a  small  one,  the  letters  being  few  — 
only  thirty-four  in  all  —  and  many  of  them  very 
short.  But  they  have  the  true  Emersonian  ring ; 
almost  we  would  recognize  the  authorship  even  if 
published  without  signature.  Here  we  find  the 
8ame  gentle  optimism,  the  same  inspiring  note,  as 
in  his  Essays.  For  example  :  "  What  better  sign 
can  the  good  genius  of  our  times  show  that  the  old 
creative  force  is  ready  to  work  again,  than  the  uni- 
versal indisposition  of  the  best  heads  to  touch  the 
books  even  of  name  and  fame  ?  "  Or  again  :  "  Con- 
cord is  a  great  capital  and  contemporaneous  with 
all  the  ages."  The  volume  is  edited  with  an  intro- 
duction by  Professor  Charles  Eliot  Norton.  But 
the  identity  of  the  "  Friend  "  is  not  disclosed,  and 
we  are  told  little  of  him  except  that  he  was  nine 
years  the  junior  of  the  philosopher,  and  that  he  was 
possessed  of  the  practical  qualities  and  the  acquaint- 
ance with  affairs  in  which  Emerson  was  deficient 
but  which  he  held  in  high  esteem.  Evidently,  he 
was  one  who  answered  Emerson's  own  description  : 
"  A  friend  is  one  who  makes  us  do  the  best  we  can." 
For  certainly,  in  these  private  letters,  written  for 
the  eyes  of  one  person  only,  it  is  always  the  serene, 
pure  Emerson  who  speaks,  always  the  spiritual 
meanings  of  things  that  are  looked  for,  always  the 
same  flow  of  genial  polished  epigram  that  we  lis- 
tened for  so  eagerly  in  the  days  of  long  ago. 


Kngla*<Tt  Abbey 
pictured  and 
detertbed. 


No  one  individual  possesses,  or  pos- 
sibly could  possess,  the  consummate 
culture  requisite  to  the  full  and  com- 
plete appreciation  of  Westminster  Abbey.  Only 
the  soul  of  a  medieval  theologian  could  take  in  all 
the  rich  significance  of  its  religious  symbolism  ; 
only  a  Sir  Christopher  Wren  or  a  Ruskin  could 
enter  entirely  into  its  architectural  spirit ;  only  the 
most  poetically  endowed  nature  could  realize  iu 
emotional  sentiment ;  only  a  trained  artist  could 
follow  its  evidences  of  the  rise,  fall,  decadence,  and 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


323 


revival  of  English  sculpture  ;  only  a  thorough  his- 
torian or  antiquarian  could  trace  all  the  story  of 
the  massive  building.  Yet,  though  no  one  person 
combines  in  himself  so  numerous  and  so  varied  en- 
dowments, he  would  be  stolid  indeed  who  could 
walk  through  these  aisles  and  transepts  and  chapels 
without  quickened  pulse  and  uplifted  spirit.  What- 
ever else  the  visitor  in  England  may  forego,  it  will 
surely  not  be  a  journey  through  this  national  Wal- 
halla  or  Temple  of  Fame.  Whoever  anticipates 
this  experience  —  and  what  good  American  does 
not  ?  —  should  prepare  himself  by  reading  the 
charming  little  book  on  Westminster  Abbey  just 
issued  by  Messrs.  M.  F.  Mansfield  &  Co.,  containing 
a  sketch  of  the  Abbey  by  Dean  Farrar  and  a  chap- 
ter on  "  The  Poet's  Corner  "  by  the  late  Dean  Stan- 
ley. The  volume  being  artistically  illustrated  as 
well  as  attractively  written,  it  cannot  fail  to  please 
as  well  as  to  inform  the  reader,  whether  his  interests 
be  of  the  artistic,  the  scientific,  the  historical,  or 
the  antiquarian  order. 

stories  of  Experiences   peculiar  to    a   special 

the  Railroad  calling  or  industry,  narrated  by  an 

and  Telegraph.  actual  employe  or  operative  proficient 
in  its  processes  and  its  argot,  and  seasoned  with  the 
"  romance "  of  the  occupation  treated,  form  the 
basis  of  a  branch  of  "  literature  "  somewhat  in  vogue 
just  now.  Rather  favorable  specimens  of  it  are 
Mr.  John  Alexander  Hill's  "Stories  of  the  Rail- 
road," and  Mr.  Jasper  Ewing  Brady's  "  Tales  of 
the  Telegraph"  (Doubleday  and  McClure  Co.). 
Mr.  Hill,  who  has  been  a  locomotive  engineer  on 
the  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  indulges  a  thought  too 
freely  in  the  sensational  and  the  blood-curdling, 
where  he  might  more  profitably  have  stuck  to  the 
actual  and  credible,  and  always  sufficiently  moving, 
incidents  of  his  former  calling.  Like  the  "  fat  boy  " 
in  Pickwick,  he  "  wants  to  make  your  flesh  creep  " ; 
and  it  is  fair  to  say  that  he  occasionally  succeeds  in 
doing  it.  But  we  advise  him,  nevertheless,  to  eschew 
melodrama  and  cling  more  closely  to  the  actual  in 
future.  Mr.  Brady  is  a  lively  and  occasionally 
"  slangy "  writer,  who  tells  very  amusingly  the 
checkered  story  of  his  rambling  career  as  a  tele- 
graph operator.  His  concluding  chapters  on  his 
experiences  at  Tampa  during  the  recent  war,  as  a 
Government  censor  of  telegraphic  matter,  are  in- 
teresting, and  we  should  like  to  see  something  fur- 
ther from  Mr.  Brady  on  this  theme.  Both  books 
are  acceptably  illustrated. 


BRIEFER    MENTION. 

Three  additions  have  just  been  made  to  the  series  of 
"  Scientific  Memoirs  "  published  by  Messrs.  Harper  & 
Brothers.  "  The  Laws  of  Gases,"  as  set  forth  in  the 
memoirs  by  Robert  Boyle  and  E.  H.  Amagat,  have  been 
edited  (and  the  latter  translated)  by  Professor  Carl 
Barus.  Professor  W.  F.  Magie  is  the  editor  and  trans- 
lator of  the  papers  devoted  to  "  The  Second  Law  of 
Thermodynamics,"  by  Carnot,  Clausius,  and  Lord  Kel- 


vin. "  The  Fundamental  Laws  of  Electrolytic  Conduc- 
tion" have  been  developed  by  Faraday,  Professor 
Hittorf,  and  Professor  Kohlrausch,  and  memoirs  by 
these  men  make  up  the  contents  of  a  volume  edited  by 
Professor  H.  M.  Goodwin.  This  series  is  of  the  utmost 
value  to  scientific  students,  and  we  hope  that  it  will 
come  to  include  many  more  numbers. 

A  package  of  the  recent  publications  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  has  just  been  received.  The  most 
important  of  them  (which  we  shall  notice  later)  is  a 
bulky  monograph  upon  "  The  Philadelphia  Negro,"  by 
Dr.  W.  E.  Burghardt  DuBois,  including  also  "  a  special 
report  on  domestic  service,"  by  Miss  Isabel  Eaton.  In 
the  astronomical  series  there  is  a  quarto  pamphlet  of 
"  Results  of  Observations  with  the  Zenith  Telescope  of 
the  Flower  Astronomical  Observatory  "  for  two  years, 
by  Mr.  Charles  L.  Doolittle.  A  volume  of  "  Contribu- 
tions from  the  Botanical  Laboratory  "  includes  several 
papers  and  a  series  of  plates.  In  the  philosophical 
series  there  is  an  essay  "  On  Spinozistic  Immortality," 
by  Professor  George  Stuart  Fullerton.  Finally,  in  the 
philological  series,  there  is  an  edition,  by  Professor 
Hugo  A.  Rennert,  of  the  comedy  "  Ingratitud  por 
Amor,"  by  Don  Guillen  de  Castro. 

"  Webster's  Collegiate  Dictionary  "  (Merriam)  is  a 
volume  of  more  than  a  thousand  double-columned  pages, 
abridged,  of  course,  from  the  greater  "  International." 
It  has  many  illustrations.  There  is  one  feature  pecu- 
liar to  this  edition  in  the  shape  of  a  glossary  of  Scottish 
words  and  phrases  designed  for  the  guidance  of  "  kail- 
yard "  readers.  As  one  authority  remarks,  this  work 
is  "  first  class  in  quality  and  second  class  in  size,"  which 
epigram  may  be  taken  for  a  sufficient  description. 

There  be  few  who  may  possess  the  "  Golden  Legend  " 
of  Jacobus  de  Voragine  in  any  of  its  fifteenth  or  six- 
teenth century  editions,  or  in  the  sumptuous  reprint  of 
the  Kelmscott  Press.  But  the  pretty  little  volume  of 
"  Leaves  from  the  Golden  Legend  "  (Dutton)  which  has 
just  been  edited  by  Mr.  H.  D.  Madge  is  within  the 
reach  of  the  slenderest  purses,  and  suffices  to  give  a 
fair  idea  of  one  of  the  most  popular  books  of  the  mid- 
dle ages.  It  is  a  very  dainty  booklet,  and  deserves  a 
welcome. 

The  Whitaker  &  Ray  Co.  of  San  Francisco  send  us 
the  following  three  pamphlets :  "  The  Man  Who  Might 
Have  Been,"  by  Mr.  Robert  Whitaker;  "Love  and 
Law,"  by  Dr.  Thomas  P.  Bailey;  and  "California  and 
the  Californians,"  by  President  D.  S.  Jordan.  Such 
hideous  covers  as  enclose  these  publications  we  have 
seldom  seen;  the  contents  surely  deserved  more  con- 
sideration than  this. 

Mr.  Paul  Leicester  Ford's  edition  of  "  The  Writings 
of  Thomas  Jefferson"  (Putnam)  is  now  completed  with 
the  publication  of  the  tenth  volume.  The  letters  and 
other  writings  of  the  closing  decade  (1816-1826)  of 
Jefferson's  life  are  here  printed,  and  the  entire  work  is 
provided  with  an  elaborate  index.  We  congratulate 
Mr.  Ford  upon  this  addition  to  his  many  solid  contri- 
butions to  our  historical  literature. 

"  The  True  Basis  of  Economics  "  is  a  pamphlet  de- 
fence of  the  theories  of  Henry  George,  by  Dr.  J.  H. 
Stallard.  It  takes  the  form  of  a  lengthy  argument  by 
Dr.  Stallard,  with  pointed  comments  by  President  D.  S. 
Jordan.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  Dr.  Jordan 
gets  the  best  of  the  argument,  or  that  his  small  share 
in  the  book  is  far  more  weighty  than  the  inflated  decla- 
mation of  his  opponent. 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  1, 


LITERARY  NOTES. 

A  fifth  revised  edition  of  Mr.  W.  I.  Lincoln  Adams's 
"  Amateur  Photography  "  is  published  by  the  Baker  & 
Taylor  Co. 

Messrs.  Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.  publish  a  new  edi- 
tion of  Dr.  Mandell  Creighton's  popular  history  of 
Queen  Elizabeth. 

Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.  are  the  publishers  of  a 
"Lehrbuch  der  Deutschen  Sprache,"  by  Mr.  Arnold 
Werner-Spanhoofd. 

The  Macmillan  Co.  send  us  a  new  edition,  "  with  ad- 
ditional stories,"  of  the  "  Main  Travelled  Roads  "  of 
Mr.  Hamliu  Garland. 

Mr.  F.  J.  Stimson's  historical  novel,  "  King  Noanett," 
has  just  been  reissued  in  a  popular  edition  by  Messrs. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sous. 

"The  Insect  World," by  Mr.  Clarence  Moores  Weed, 
is  the  newest  of  the  "  Home  Reading  Books  "  published 
by  the  Messrs.  Appleton. 

'« A  Course  in  Expository  Writing,"  by  Miss  Gertrude 
Buck  and  Miss  Elizabeth  Woodbridge,  has  just  been 
published  by  Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

The  "  Discourse  on  Method  "  of  Descartes,  as  trans- 
lated by  the  late  John  Veitch,  is  published  in  the  "  Re- 
ligion of  Science  Library  "  by  the  Open  Court  Publish- 
ing Co. 

"The  Messages  of  the  Later  Prophets"  (Scribner), 
edited  by  Professors  Frank  Knight  Sanders  and  Charles 
Foster  Kent,  is  the  latest  volume  in  the  "  Messages  of 
the  Bible  "  series. 

"Important  Events"  (Crowell),  as  edited  by  Mr. 
George  W.  Powers,  is  a  book  of  dates,  classified  under 
the  countries  which  they  concern.  It  is  a  pocketable 
volume  of  much  usefulness. 

Mr.  John  Sergeant  Wise's  "Diomed:  The  Life, 
Travels,  and  Observations  of  a  Dog,"  has  been  acquired 
from  the  former  publishers  by  the  Macmillan  Co.,  and 
is  now  reissued  in  a  second  edition. 

"The  Siege  of  Troye," edited  from  MS.  Harl.  525  by 
Dr.  C.  H.  A.  Wager,  is  an  expanded  doctoral  thesis 
presented  to  Yale  University  in  1895.  The  volume  is 
now  published  by  the  Macmillan  Co. 

A  pretty  little  book  of  "  Aucassin  and  Nicolette,"  as 
translated  into  English  verse  and  prose  by  Mr.  A.  Rod- 
ney Macdonough,  with  illustrations,  has  just  been  pub- 
lished by  Messrs.  Fords,  Howard  &  Hulbert. 

Mr.  Charles  Herbert  Moore's  elaborate  treatise  npon 
the  "  Development  and  Character  of  Gothic  Architect- 
ure "  has  just  been  republished  by  the  Macmillan  Co. 
in  a  second  edition,  «  rewritten  and  enlarged." 

The  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  publish  a  new  edition  (the 
fourth,  enlarged)  of  that  very  valuable  and  interesting 
book,  "Jerusalem,  the  City  of  Herod  and  Saladin,"  by 
Sir  Walter  Besant  and  the  late  Professor  Palmer. 

The  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.  publish  a  volume  of 
"  Popular  Studies  in  Literature,"  dealing  with  Burns, 
Scott,  and  Byron.  These  studies,  as  edited  by  Mr. 
Seymour  Eaton,  were  originally  published  in  a  Chicago 
newspaper. 

The  following  are  the  latest  French  text-books: 
"  Episodes  from  Le  Vicomte  de  Bragelonne  "  (Long- 
mans), by  Dumas,  edited  by  Mr.  F.  H.  Hewitt; 
"Longmans'  Illustrated  First  Conversational  French 
Reader,"  by  Mr.  T.  H.  Bertenshaw;  "Benjamine" 
(Longmans),  by  M.  Charles  Deslys,  edited  by  M.  F. 


Julien;  and  these  three  volumes  from  the  American 
Book  Co. :  "Introductory  French  Prose  Composition," 
by  Mr.  E.  Francois  ;  Labiche's  "  La  Cigale  Chez  le» 
Fourmis,"  edited  by  Mr.  T.  J.  Farrar;  and  some  "Se- 
lected Letters  of  Madame  de  Se*vigne*,"  edited  by  Mr. 
L.  C.  Syms. 

Longfellow's  "  Evangeline,"  edited  by  Miss  Agnes 
Lathe,  and  Lowell's  "Sir  Launfal,"  edited  by  Miss 
Ellen  A.  Viuton,  are  two  additional  volumes  in  the 
"  Cambridge  Literature  Series  "  of  Messrs.  B.  II.  San- 
born  &  Co. 

Messrs.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons  have  published  a  new 
edition  of  "The  Art  of  Dining,"  by  the  late  Abraham 
Hayward.  This  work  was  first  published  in  1852,  and 
has  had  several  reissues.  In  its  present  form,  it  has 
certain  "annotations  and  additions"  made  by  Mr. 
Charles  Sayle.  There  is  also  an  excellent  portrait  of 
the  author. 

Messrs.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  are  to  be  the  American 
publishers  of  Mr.  Swinburne's  "  Rosamund,  Queen  of 
the  Lombards,"  and  this  interesting  announcement  is 
supplemented  by  the  still  more  interesting  one  that  the 
same  publishers  are  preparing  "a  new  edition  of  Swin- 
burne's complete  poems,  revised  and  rearranged  by  the 
author."  This  news  is  almost  too  good  to  be  true. 

On  the  twenty-fifth  of  October  came  the  not  unex- 
pected news  of  the  death  of  Grant  Allen.  Born  a 
Canadian,  in  1848,  his  education  was  completed  in  Eu- 
rope, and,  after  taking  an  Oxford  degree,  he  turned  to 
teaching.  An  educational  post  in  Jamaica  held  him  for 
some  years,  after  which  he  returned  to  England.  He 
soon  turned  his  attention  to  writing,  his  first  book  being 
the  "  Physiological  -^Esthetics  "  of  1877.  Other  serious 
works  were  "  The  Color  Sense,"  "  Charles  Darwin,"  and 
"  Anglo-Saxon  Britain."  A  series  of  books  made  up  of 
studies  in  popular  science  won  for  him  a  large  circle  of 
readers.  About  twelve  years  ago  he  turned  to  fiction, 
and  produced  a  series  of  novels  which  were  pot-boilers 
unabashed  but  proved  highly  successful  as  producers  of 
an  income.  "  The  Tents  of  Shem  "  and  "  The  Woman 
Who  Did "  are  among  the  best  known  of  these  pro- 
ductions. 

The  retirement  of  Mr.  E.  L.  Godkin  from  the  active 
editorial  control  of  the  New  York  "  Evening  Post "  and 
"  Nation  "  has  just  been  announced,  and  is  a  matter  of 
deep  concern  to  all  intelligent  Americans.  As  the  guid- 
ing spirit,  first  of  the  weekly  paper  and  afterwards  of 
the  daily  as  well,  Mr.  Godkin  has  been  one  of  the 
strongest  forces  in  our  public  life,  and,  what  is  more 
important,  a  force  almost  invariably  exercised  in  beh:ilf 
of  the  highest  ideals  of  intelligence  and  morality.  Not 
long  ago,  one  of  the  English  reviews  spoke  of  his  activ- 
ity and  influence  as  comparable  with  that  so  long  exer- 
cised in  England  by  John  Stuart  Mill;  and  the  coinp;ir- 
ison  is  a  just  one.  Whenever  a  great  cause  has  needed 
a  defender  in  this  country,  from  the  early  days  of  the 
Reconstruction  period  to  these  later  days  which  so  om- 
inously threaten  a  departure  from  the  political  principles 
that  have  made  our  country  great,  such  a  defender  has 
been  found  in  the  person  of  Mr.  (iodkin,  and  his  voice 
has  been  uplifted  with  no  uncertain  sound  in  behalf  of 
truth  and  justice,  no  matter  how  unwelcome  to  the  pop- 
ulace such  utterances  might  be.  Few  men  have  done  our 
country  such  true  and  loyal  service  as  this  adopted  citi- 
zen of  the  Republic,  and  we  trust  that  his  retirement  from 
the  editorial  desk  will  not  mean  the  end  of  his  active 
influence  as  a  moulder  of  enlightened  pnblie  opinion. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


325 


TOPICS  IN  IiEADING  PERIODICALS. 

November,  1899. 

Animals  —  Do  They  Reason  ?    E.  R.  Young.    Pop.  Science. 

Artists,  American  Society  and  the.  Aline  Gorren.   Scribner. 

Bal  des  QuatV  Arts.    W.  C.  Morrow.    Lippincott. 

Balzac  as  he  Was.    W.  E.  Henley.    Pall  Mall. 

Birds  in  London.    W.  L.  Greene.    Pall  Mall. 

Botany,  New  Field.    B.  D.  Halsted.    Popular  Science. 

Boy,  Justice  for  the.    J.  A.  Riis.    Atlantic. 

Cambridge  University.    Herbert  Stotesbury.     Pop.  Science. 

Capital,  Can  New  Openings  Be  Found  for  ?    Atlantic. 

Century,  The  Wonderful.    W.  K.  Brooks.    Pop.  Science. 

Chinese  Development, Will  it  Benefit  Western' World.  Forum. 

Chinese  Railroad  and  Mining  Concessions.  C.  Denby,  Jr.  For. 

Civil  Service  by  Special  Training.    H.Atkinson.    Forum. 

Cromwell,  Oliver.    John  Morley.     Century. 

Democracy,  Real  Problems  of.    Franklin  Smith.    Pop.  Set. 

Diamonds,  Emigrant,  in  America.  W.  H.  Hobbs.   Pop.  Sci. 

Drew,  Mrs.  John,  Autobiographical  Sketch  of.     Scribner. 

Education  Problems  of  20th  Century.  C.  F.  Thwing.  Forum. 

Empire,  Good  Government  of  an.  W.  Cunningham.  Atlantic. 

Expansion,  Territorial.  J.  G.  Schurman.   Review  of  Reviews. 

Finnish  Question,  The.    Rudolph  Eucken.    Forum. 
Food  Poisoning.    Victor  C.  Vaughan.    Popular  Science. 
France,  World's  Debt  to.    Jacob  Schoenhof.     Forum. 
Goethe's  Mission  to  America.    Kuno  Fraucke.    Atlantic. 
Grizzly,  Biography  of  a.    E.  S.  Thompson.     Century. 
Latin  Teaching  in  Germany;  Changes  in.     EducH  Review. 
Llangollen,  The  Ladies  of .  Hon.  Mrs.  Armytage.  Pall  Mall. 
McCarthy's  Reminiscences.    W.  P.  Trent.    Forum. 
Malaria,  Mosquito  Theory  of.    Ronald  Ross.    Pop.  Science. 
Malay  States,  A  Lesson  from.    Hugh  Clifford.    Atlantic. 
Marine,  An  American,  Problem  of.    A.  R.  Smith.    Forum. 
Meteors,  The  November.    C.  A.  Young.    Lippincott. 
Michigan  State  Normal  College.     B.  L.  D'Ooge.     Ed.  Rev. 
Military  Preparedness.     Theodore  Roosevelt.     Century. 
Municipal  Ownership,  A  Successful  Substitute.  Rev.  of  Rev. 
Mural  Decoration,  Making  of.    Royal  Cortissoz.     Century. 
Negro,  Case  of  the.     Booker  T.  Washington.    Atlantic. 
Newspapers,  Famous  Foreign.  George  A.  Wade.  Pall  Mall. 
Ohioans,  The.    Rollin  L.  Hartt.    Atlantic. 
"Old Ironsides,"  Last  Victory  of.    Geo.  Gibbs.    Lippincott. 
Paris  of  Balzac.    B.  E.  and  Charlotte  Martin.    Scribner. 
Peace  Conference  and  Monroe  Doctrine.    Rev.  of  Reviews. 
Pensions,  Old  Age,  from  Socialist's  Standpoint.    Lippincott. 
Philadelphia's  Water.    C.  R.  Woodruff.    Forum. 
Photography,  Pictorial.    Alfred  Stieglitz.     Scribner. 
Plates,  Suppressed  ( Miscellaneous) .  G.  S.  Layard.  Pall  Mail. 
Puerto  Rico,  Government  of.    H.  K.  Carroll.    Forum. 
Railway  Geography.    John  P.  Davis.     Educational  Review. 
Rhodes,  Cecil  J.    W.  T.  Stead.    Review  of  Reviews. 
Science,  Century's  Progress  in.     M.  Foster.     Ed.  Review. 
Sea,  Last  Winter's  Tragedies  of  the.    A.  G.  Frond.    Forum. 
Social  Recapitulation.     Arthur  Allin.    Educational  Review. 
Spain,  Living  or  Dying  ?    J.  S.  M.  Curry.     Forum. 
Spain,  Our  Relations  with,  Unwritten  Chapter  in.  Lippincott. 
Sparrow,  Golden  Crown,  of  Alaska.    J.  Burroughs.  Century. 
Spider  Bites  and  "Kissing  Bug."  L.  O.  Howard.   Pop.  Sci. 
Stage,  The  American.    William  Archer.    Pall  Mall. 
Storm  of  1898,  Great  November.  Sylvester  Baxter.  Scribner. 
Superintendent  and  Board  of  Education.     EducH  Review. 
Theater  Sanitation.    W.  P.  Gerhard.     Popular  Science. 
Thoreau's  Attitude  Toward  Nature.  Bradford  Torrey.    Ail. 
Toledo  Manual  Training  School.  J.  H.  Barrows.  Rev.  of  Rev. 
Tourgenev,  New  Letters  of.    Rosa  Newmarch.    Atlantic. 
Trusts,  Formation  and  Control  of.    A.  T.  Hadley.   Scribner. 
Van  Dyck,  In  Honor  of.    Elizabeth  Pennell.    Atlantic. 
Village,  Suburban,  A  Model.     C.  E.  Bolton.    Rev.  of  Rev. 
Wagner  from  Behind  the  Scenes.    Gustav  Kobb(§.    Century. 
Wireless  Telegraphy.    John  Trowbridge.    Popular  Science. 
Workers  in  Europe  and  America,  Attitude  of.    Forum. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

[The  following  list,  containing  130  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  MEMOIRS. 

The  Memoirs  of  Victor  Hugo.  Trans,  from  the  French 
by  John  W.  Harding ;  with  Preface  by  M.  Paul  Meurice. 
With  photogravure  portrait,  large  8vo,  gilt  top.  G.  W.  Dill- 
ingham  Co.  $2.50. 

Maximilian  in  Mexico:  A  Woman's  Reminiscences  of  the 
French  Intervention,  1862-1867.  By  Sara  Yorke  Steven- 
son, Sc.D.  Illus.,.8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  327.  Century 
Co.  $2.50. 

Life  of  Charles  Henry  Davis,  Rear  Admiral,  1807-1877. 
By  his  son,  Captain  Charles  H.  Davis.  U.S.  N.  With  por- 
trait, 8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  349.  Houghton,  Mifflin  & 
Co.  $3. 

Rupert  Prince  Palatine.  By  Eva  Scott.  Illus.  in  photo- 
gravure, etc.,  large  8vo,  uncut,  pp.  381.  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons.  $3.50. 

Bernardino  Luini.  By  G.  C.  Williamson,  Litt.D.  Illus.  in 
photogravure,  etc.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  144.  "Great  Mas- 
ters in  Painting  and  Sculpture."  Macmillan  Co.  $1.75. 

HISTORY. 

A  Comprehensive  History  of  Texas,  1685  to  1897.  Edited 

by  Dudley  G.  Wooten.   In  2  vols.,  illns.,  large  8vo.  Dallas, 

Texas  :  William  G.  Scarff.    $12.  net . 
The  Roman  History  of  Appian  of  Alexander.    Trans. 

from  the  Greek  by  Horace  White,  M.A.    In  2  vols.,  illus., 

12mo,  gilt  tops,   uncut.     "Bonn's  Classical    Library." 

Macmillan  Co.    $3.  net. 
A  Political  History  of  Europe  since  1814.     By  Charles 

Seignobos ;  translation  edited  by  S.  M.  Macvane.    8vo, 

pp.  881.    Henry  Holt  &  Co.    $3.  net. 
The  End  of  an  Era.   By  John  S.  Wise.  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 

pp.  474.    Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.    $2. 
Roman  Life  under  the  Ceesars.  By  Emile  Thomas.  Illns., 

12mo,  uncut,  pp.  370.    G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.    $1.75. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

William  Shakespeare:  A  Critical  Study.  By  George 
Brandes.  New  edition,  two  volumes  in  one.  Large  8vo, 
gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  708.  Macmillan  Co.  $2.60  net. 

An  Introduction  to  the  Methods  and  Materials  of 
Literary  Criticism.  By  Charles  Mills  Gayley.  A.B.,  and 
Fred  Newton  Scott,  Ph.D.  12mo,  pp.  587.  Ginn  &  Co. 
$1.40. 

The  Literary  Study  of  the  Bible:  An  Account  of  the 
Leading  Forms  of  Literature  Represented  in  the  Sacred 
Writings.  By  Richard  G.  Moulton,  M.A.  Revised  and 
partly  rewritten ;  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  569.  D.  C. 
Heath  &  Co.  $2. 

Salad  for  the  Solitary  and  the  Social.  By  Frederick 
Saunders,  A.M.  New  edition ;  illus.,  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 
pp.  526.  Thomas  Whittaker.  $2. 

Evenings  with  the  Sacred  Poets :  A  Series  of  Quiet  Talks 
about  the  Singers  and  their  Songs.  By  Frederick  Saunders, 
A.M.  New  edition;  illus.,  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  574. 
Thomas  Whittaker.  $2. 

Solomon  and  Solomonic  Literature.  By  Moncure  Daniel 
Conway.  12mo,  pp.  248.  Open  Court  Publishing  Co.  $1.50. 

Carnac  Sahib:  An  Original  Play  in  Four  Acts.  By  Henry 
Arthur  Jones.  16mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  142.  Macmillan  Co. 
75cts. 

Old  South  Leaflets,  Volume  IV.  12mo.  Boston  :  Directors 
of  the  Old  South  Work.  $1.50. 

Home  Study  Circle.  Edited  by  Seymour  Eaton.  First  vol., 
Literature :  Studies  of  Burns.  Scott,  and  Byron.  Illus., 
12mo,  pp.  295.  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.  $1.  net. 

Tales  of  Languedoc.  By  Samuel  Jacques  Brun ;  with  Intro- 
duction by  Harriet  W.  Preston ;  illus.  by  E.  C.  Peixotto. 
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Contents.  —  Michael  Angelo  —  Rembrandt  —  Peter  Paul  Rubens  — 

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330  THE    DIAL  [Nov.  i, 

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TWO  GENTLEMEN  IN  TOURAINE.  With  many  full-page  illustrations  re- 
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THE  LIFE  OF  WILLIAM  MAKEPEACE  THACKERAY.    By  LEWIS  M .  i 
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FAMOUS  LADIES  OF  THE  ENGLISH  COURT.  By  Mrs.  AUBREY  RICH- 
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1899.] 


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FABLES  IN  SLANG 

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He  is  one  of  the  few  humorous  artists  whose  illustra- 

tions may  always  be  relied  upon  to  catch  the  point 

exactly  of  old  Mother  Goose's  ready  wit. 


FICTION. 

THE  LAST  REBEL. 

A  War  Novel.  By  JOSEPH  A.  ALTSHELER. 
With  frontispiece  by  ELENORE  PLAISTED 
ABBOTT.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.25. 

A  QUEEN  OF  ATLANTIS. 

A  Novel.  By  FRANK  AUBREY,  author  of  "The 
Devil-Tree  of  El  Dorado."  Illustrated  by 
D.  MURRAY  SMITH.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.60. 

THE  SPLENDID  PORSENNA. 

The  Latest  Novel.  By  Mrs.  HUGH  FRASER, 
author  of  "A  Diplomatist's  Wife  in  Japan." 
12mo,  cloth,  $1.25. 

THE  STEP-MOTHER. 

A  Novel.  By  Mrs.  ALEXANDER,  author  of 
"  The  Wooing  O'ot,"  "  Cost  of  Her  Pride," 
etc.  12mo,  cloth,  $1.25. 

A  SON  OF  EMPIRE. 

By  M-  .1:1.1.  v  ROBERTS.  Issued  in  Lippin- 
cotCs  Series  of  Select  Novels.  1  2  mo,  paper, 
50  cents  ;  cloth,  $1.00. 


A  MANUAL  OF  COACHING. 

By  FAIRMAN  ROGERS.  Illustrated  with  36 
full-page  plates  and  engravings  in  the  text. 
8vo,  500  pages,  cloth,  $6.00  net. 

Mr.  Kogers's  work  appeals  to  those  who  have 
coaches  and  drive  them  ;  to  those  who  would  like  to 
have  coaches  and  drive  them.  It  also  ia  of  great 
value  to  the  coach  builder  and  harness  maker. 

THE  WONDERS  OF  MODERN 
MECHANISM. 

New  and  Enlarged  Edition.  A  Itesume  of 
recent  Progress  in  Mechanical,  Physical, 
and  Engineering  Science.  By  CHARLES 
HENRY  COCHRANE.  Illustrated.  12mo, 
cloth,  $1.50. 

THE  ADVENTURES  OF  LOUIS 
DE  ROUGEMONT. 

As  TOLD  BY  HIMSELF.  With  46  illustrations. 
Crown  8vo,  cloth,  $2.00.  Heady  Nov.  1. 


FICTION. 

THE   FOX-WOMAN. 

A  Novel.  By  JOHN  LUTHER  LONG,  author 
of  "  Miss  Cherry-Blossom  of  Tokyo."  With 
frontispiece  on  Japanese  paper,  by  VIR- 
GINIA H.  DAVISSON.  12mo,  cloth,  orna- 
mental, $1.25. 

MISS  CARMICHAEL'S 
CONSCIENCE. 

An  Interesting  Novel.  By  BARONESS  VON 
HUTTEN.  With  frontispiece  by  ELIZABETH 
SHIPPEN  GREEN.  12  mo,  cloth,  ornamental, 
$1.00. 

Two  Books  for  Boys  by  Popular  Writers. 

THE  YOUNG  MASTER  OF 
HYSON   HALL. 

By  FRANK  R.  STOCKTON.  Beautifully  illus- 
trated. Large  12mo,  cloth,  f  1.50. 

THE  BRAHMINS'  TREASURE. 

By  GEORGE  A.  HKNTY.  Six  illustrations. 
Large  12mo,  cloth,  $1.50. 


For  $ale  by  all  booksellers,  or  will  be  tent,  postpaid,  on  receipt  of  price,  by 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  CO.,  PUBLISHERS,  PHILADELPHIA 


THl  DIAL  rxnt,  CHICA00. 


THE    DIAL 

c/f  SEMI-MONTHLY  fOURN^L  OF 

S^krarg  Criticism,  ghrussion;,  anfr  Information. 


EDITED  BT  )   Volume  XXVII. 

FRANCIS  F.  BROWNE,  j         -M>.  322. 


CHICAGO,  NOV.  16,  1899. 


10  cts.  a  copy.  |  FINE  ARTS  BUILDING. 
82.  a  year.     \        Rooms  610-630-631. 


The  Most  Important  Work  of  an  Autobiographical  Cbaractet 
Published  in  Many  Years : 

THE   LETTERS  OF 

ROBERT  Louis  STEVENSON 


Edited  by 
SIDNEY  COLVIN. 


Two  Volumes. 
8vo,  $5.00  net. 


/      Illustrated  by 
GUERIN  AND  PEIXOTTO. 


"  These  volumes  will  contain  upwards  of  four  hundred  and  fifty 
letters  —  nearly  double  the  number  of  those  which  have  been  and 
are  appearing  in  SCRIBNER'S  MAGAZINE."  —  THE  ATHEN^UM. 


The  New  York  Evening  Post,  speaking  of  the  serial  publication,  said: 

"  '""THE  final  instalment  of  Stevenson's  letters,  in  Scribner's,  can  but  leave  us  wishing  he  had  lived  to  write 
1     more  of  them.     A  few  more  like  his  best,  and  he  might  have  been  better  remembered  for  his  letters 
than  his  books.     Fine  flashes  of  criticism  light  up  his  correspondence." 

"IT  bids  fair  to  become  one  of  those  works  which  are 
kept  very  close  to  the  arm-chair,  and  kept  there  not 
merely  during  its  first  public  vogue,  but  continuously." — 
The  Academy. 

"  /JMONG  the  correspondents  addressed  are  many  well-known  men  of  letters  and  artists,  both  deceased  and 
living,  as  Mr.  P.  G.  Hamerton,  Mr.  J.  A.  Symonds,  Mr.  F.  Locker-Lampson,  Mr.  William  Morris,  Mr. 
Will  H.  Low,  Mr.  Augustus  St.  Gaudens,  Mr.  Henry  James,  Mr.  Edmund  Gosse,  Mr.  W.  E.  Henley,  Mr.  Cosmo 
Monkhouse,  Mr.  Theodore  Watts- Dunton,  Mr.  J.  M.  Barrie,  Mr.  Crockett,  Dr.  Conan  Doyle,  M.  Marcel  Schwob, 
and  the  editor  himself." —  THE  ATHENAEUM. 


"  C  ACH  new  instalment  of  the  Stevenson  letters  arouses 
**   in  the  reader  a  new  delight  in  and  respect  for  their 
author's  sweet,  whimsical,  and  courageous  nature." — New 
York  Tribune. 


American  Lands  and  Letters. 

NEW  VOLUME.  "  LEATHER-STOCKING  "  TO  "  FOB'S  RAVEN." 

By  Donald  (i.  Mitchell. 
With  150  illustrations.  8vo,  $2.50. 
"  IV\R'  MITCHELL,  as  we  have  said,  is  a  veteran,  per- 
'  *  haps  the  veteran,  of  American  letters.  His  first  book 
was  published  in  1847 ;  his  latest,  not  his  last,  as  we  have 
reason  in  his  preface  to  infer,  now  lies  before  us,  warm  from 
the  press,  quickened  with  alert  and  unflagging  sympathy 
with  men  and  books,  a  little  shaded  with  a  certain  wistful, 
half-diffident  regret  for  the  worthies  and  standards  of  long 
ago,  but  written  in  a  vein  of  intrinsic  grace  and  charm  that 
even  the  most '  contemporaneous  '-minded  of  the  generation 
whose  spokesman  is  Kipling  may  well  relish." — .The  Dial. 


The  Letters  of  Sidney  Lanier. 

Selections  from  his  Correspondence, 
1866-1881. 

With  two  portraits.  12mo,  $2.00. 
"'"THEY  are  what  the  man  was,  strong,  hasty  some- 
1  times,  lively  always,  and  alert  with  human  inter- 
est and  sympathy.  At  times  his  letters  fairly  sparkle 
with  the  joy  of  new  artistic  sensation,  the  exuberance 
of  a  revelation  in  music  and  scholarship.  So,  though 
most  of  these  letters  have  been  printed  before,  they 
have  a  unique  flavor  that  justifies  gathering  them  for 
preservation  and  reference." — The  Churchman. 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  153=157  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 


338  THE     DIAL  [Nov.  16, 

JUST  PUBLISHED: 

THE  MOST  ATTRACTIVE  HOLIDAY  BOOK  OF 

THE  SEASON 

IS 

THE  BECKY  SHARP  EDITION 


OF 


VANITY  FAIR 

^     BY  WILLIAM  MAKEPEACE  THACKERAY. 

Illustrated  with  Forty-eight  Full-page  Pictures  from  the  Play  of 

BECKY  SHARP, 
as  Produced  by  Mrs.  Fiske  and  her  Company  of  Players. 


"The  great  success  of  Mrs.  Fiske  in  'Becky  Sharp,'  Langdon  Mitchell's 
play  founded  on  'Vanity  Fair/  has  made  timely  a  handsome  illustrated 
holiday  edition  of  Thackeray's  masterpiece.  Not  only  the  characters  but 
the  scenes  afford  great  variety  and  picturesqueness  of  treatment,  and  the 
splendid  stage  management  of  Mrs.  Fiske  has  given  a  verisimilitude  and 
reality  to  the  grouping  of  characters  that  enhance  the  artistic  value  of 
the  illustrations."—  The  Bookman. 


BOUND  IN  HEAVY  BUCKRAM  CODERS, 

PRINTED  ON  HEAVY  PAPER,  UNCUT  EDGES  AND  GILT  TOP, 

IN  BOX,  $2.50. 

HARPER  &  BROTHERS,  PUBLISHERS 

NEW  YORK  AND  LONDON. 


1899.]  THE     DIAL  339 


Some  Delightful  Books  for  the  Holidays. 


Howard  Pyle's  New  Book:   THE    PRICE    OF    BLOOD. 

By  HOWARD  PYLE.  Large  8vo,  $1.25. 

An  Extravaganza  of  New  York  Life  in  1807.    Written  in  five  chapters  and  illustrated  by  HOWARD  PYLE. 

This  unique  and  entertaining  Extravaganza  has  to  do  with  a  young  lawyer  of  the  metropolis,  a  handsome 
young  lady,  four  remarkable  clients,  and  a  series  of  the  most  extraordinary  adventures.  The  illustrations  are 
done  in  Mr.  Pyle's  most  attractive  manner,  and  consist  of  a  cover  design,  a  frontispiece  in  seven  printings, 
and  five  full-page  illustrations  in  two  colors. 

Walter  Crane's  New  Book:   THE    SIRENS    THREE. 

By  WALTER  CRANE.     4to,  green  and  gold,  $1.25. 

This  noble  poem,  which  is  cast  after  much  the  same  manner  as  the  Rubaiyat,  is  presented  in  a  worthy 
form,  with  more  than  40  full-page  decorations  by  Mr.  Crane  in  a  new  cover  design  in  green  and  gold.  At  the 
low  price  at  which  it  is  published  ($1.25)  it  should  prove  one  of  the  most  acceptable  of  all  the  holiday  books 

0  t   e  year.  JAMES  JEFFREY  ROCHE'S  NEW  BOOK. 

THE  V-A-S-E  AND  OTHER  BRIC-A-BRAC. 

A  Volume  of  Humorous  Verse  by  the  author  of  "  Her  Majesty  the  King."     12mo,  $1.00. 
"  Her  Majesty  the  King  "  had  the  distinction  of  being  hailed  as  "  the  wittiest  book  of  the  year  "  (it  is  now 
in  ha  fourth  edition  and  selling  better  than  ever)  and  "  The  V-a-s-e  "  is  likely  to  add  still  more  to  Mr.  Roche's 
reputation.     It  is  certainly  the  most  deliciously  humorous  verse  that  has  appeared  in  many,  many  years. 

SOCK  AND   BUSKIN   BIOGRAPHIES.— I.   JULIA  MARLOWE. 

By  JOHN  D.  BARRY.     About  40  illustrations.     12mo,  decorative  boards,  75  cents. 

This  volume,  forming  the  first  of  the  "  Sock  and  Buskin  Biographies,"  is  a  carefully  written  life  and  appre- 
ciation of  this  popular  actress.  Miss  Marlowe  has  placed  at  Mr.  Barry's  disposal  all  necessary  data,  and  has 
helped  him  in  every  possible  way,  thus  making  the  volume  at  once  authoritative  and  definitive.  The  illustra- 
tions, over  thirty  in  number,  show  Miss  Marlowe  in  all  the  characters  in  which  she  has  ever  appeared. 

A  Book  of  New  Fairy  Tales  :  THE    FAIRY   SPINNING   WHEEL. 

From  the  French  of  CATULLE  MENDES.    Illustrated.     4to,  $1.50. 

Catulle  Mendes  introduces  us  to  a  new  realm  of  fairydom,  and  the  charm  of  the  new  heroes  and  fairies  — 
the  kings  of  Mataguin  and  the  Golden  Isle,  the  Emperors  of  Trebizonde  and  Sirinagon,  and  the  Wicked  Melan- 
drine,  among  others  —  will  appeal  to  all.  There  is  no  more  beautiful  collection  of  fairy  stories  extant  than 
those  "  The  Fairy  Spinning  Wheel "  tells,  what  with  their  quaint,  unexpected  turns,  charming  conceits,  and 
happy  rendering.  The  stories  have  never  before  appeared  in  English.  A  more  charming  gift  book  for  chil- 
dren will  be  hard  to  find. 

ILLUSTRATED  DITTIES  OF  THE  OLDEN  TIME. 

4to,  decorative  boards,  75  cents. 

This  fascinating  little  volume  was  originally  issued  in  England  half-a-centnry  ago.  The  "  Ditties  "  them- 
selves are  so  delightfully  quaint  and  the  drawings  so  thoroughly  charming  that  the  publishers  believe  the 
reprint  to  be  fully  justified.  THE  QNLy  COMpLETE  RENDERINQ  IN  VERSE  OF 

THE  SICILIAN  IDYLLS  OF  THEOCRITUS. 

Translated  into  English  Lyric  Measures  by  MARION  MILLS  MILLER,  L.H.D.    With  an  Introduction  by  HAMLIN 

GARLAND.     16mo,  flexible  leather,  $1.25. 

Says  Mr.  Garland  in  h  is  Preface :  "  I  am  very  much  pleased  with  the  attempt  of  Dr.  Miller  to  make  the  dialect  country 
verse  of  Theocritus  vital  and  real  to  us  of  to-day.  He  has  made  me  perceive  the  scenes  of  the  poet's  verse  more  nearly  than 

1  had  hitherto  supposed  could  be  done.    The  men  of  that  day  were  alive.    Their  language  was  not  a  dead  language,  and 
Dr.  Miller  has  gone  far  in  rendering  Greek  forms  in  modern  moods  and  measures." 

FRENCH   PORTRAITS. 

APPRECIATIONS  OP  THE  WRITERS  OF  YOUNG  FRANCE. 

By  VANCE  THOMPSON.  About  80  illustrations.  300  pages.  8vo,  buckram,  paper  label,  $2.50. 
Mr.  Thompson  has  known,  personally,  all  those  men  of  whom  he  writes ;  he  understands  and  sympathizes  with  their 
different  points  of  view,  and  he  writes  with  a  style  which  is  in  itself  so  interesting  that  one  would  read  the  book  for  that 
alone.  The  best  idea  of  the  unusual  scope  of  the  volume  may  be  gained  from  its  table  of  contents  :  1.  Paul  Verlaine. 
2.  Stephane  MaHamae".  3.  The  Belgian  Renascence  :  Camille  Lemonnier,  Maurice  Maeterlinck,  Eniile  Verhaeren,  Georges 
Eekhoud,  Georges  Rodenback,  Max  Elskamp,  and  Fernand  Severin.  4.  The  Last  of  the  Parnassians:  Catulle  Monde's. 
5.  Jean  More"as  and  his  Disciples.  6.  The  New  Poetry :  Free  Verse,  Adolph  Rette",  Henri  de  Rggnier,  Stuart  Merrill  and 
Francis  Ville'-Griffin,  Emmanuel  Signoret,  and  Albert  Samain.  7.  The  Paganism  of  Pierre  Louys.  8.  Jean  Richepinand 
the  Vaerrom  Man.  9.  The  Christ  of  Jehan  Rictus.  19.  Maurice  Barre'a  and  Egoism.  11.  Fables,  Ballads,  Pastorals: 
Jules  Renard,  Paul  Fort,  Francis  Jammes.  12.  The  New  Erasmus  :  Marcel  Schwob.  13.  Naturism  and  St.  Georges  de 
Bouhelier.  14.  Men  of  Letters  and  Anarchy.  15.  The  New  Criticisms :  Ernest  la  Jeunesse.  16.  "  In  the  Gentlemanly 
Interest":  Hugues  Rebell  and  M.  le  Comte  Robert  de  Montesquieu  Fezensac. 


RICHARD  Q.  BADGER  &  CO.,  157  Tremont  Street,  Boston. 


340 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


NEW  HOLIDAY  BOOKS. 


TWENTY  FAMOUS  NAVAL  BATTLES 

(Salamis  in  Santiago).  By  Prof.  E.  K.  RAWSON,  U.  S.  Navy  Department.  Illustrated 
with  plans,  old  prints,  maps,  and  portraits.  2  vols,  8vo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  per  set,  $4.00. 
Will  take  its  place  as  the  Standard  History  of  the  greatest  naval  battles  of  the  world. 


IMPORTANT  EVENTS. 
A  Book  of  Dates.     By  GEORGE  W.  POW- 
ERS.    16mo,  cloth,  50  cents.    History  in 
a  nutshell.     A  model  of  selection    and 
condensation. 


A  PREACHER'S  LIFE. 
An  Autobiography.     By  JOSEPH  PARKER, 
D.D.     12mo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  illustrated, 
$2.00.    One  of  the  most  notable  autobiog- 
raphies of  the  century. 


HISTORIC  AMERICANS. 


By  ELBRIDOE  S.  BROOKS,  author  of  "  Historic  Boys,"  "  The  Century  Book  for  Young  Amer- 
icans," etc.  Illustrated  by  FRANK  T.  MERRILL.  8vo,  cloth,  $1.50.  "The  noblest 
figures  in  the  gallery  of  America's  worthies." 


HELPS  FOR  AMBITIOUS  BOYS. 
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CHRISTMAS  AT  DEACON 

HACKETTS. 

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Not  a  dull  page  in  the  book. 


MIDDLEMARCH. 

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top,  per  set,  $2.50.  Half  calf,  $5.00.  Luxembourg  Edition.  8vo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  81.50. 
The  most  attractive  edition  ever  published. 


SECRET  OF  GLADNESS. 

By  J.  R.  MILLER,  D.D.  Illustrated.  12mo, 
cloth,  gilt  top,  60  cts.  Dainty  vignette  and 
full-page  illustrations.  An  ideal  gift  book. 


STRENGTH  AND  BEAUTY. 
By  J.  R.  MILLER,  D.D.    16mo,  cloth,  75  cts.: 
gilt  top,  $1.00.     Fully  equal  to  any  of 
Dr.  Miller's  popular  books. 


THE  COPLEY  SERIES. 

The  volumes  in  this  new  series  deserve  the  attention  of  all  book  lovers.  The  colored  illus- 
trations, printed  by  a  new  process,  are  a  special  feature,  while  the  deckle-edge  paper,  wide 
margins,  printed  tissues,  silk  bookmarks,  and  artistic  covers  combine  to  make  these  vol- 
umes unique  as  specimens  of  bookmaking.  12mo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  printed  wrappers,  per 
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Gables,  HAWTHORNE  ;  Luctte,  MEREDITH  ;  Prue  and  /,  CURTIS. 


THOMAS  Y.  CROWELL  &  CO.. 

NEW  YORK  AND  BOSTON. 


1899.]  THE     DIAL  341 

T.  S.  LEACH  &  CO;S  NEW  BOOKS 

A  HISTORY  OF  QUAKER  GOVERNMENT 
IN  PENNSYLVANIA. 

By  ISAAC  SHARPLESS,  LL.D.,  PRESIDENT  OF  HAVERFORD  COLLEGE. 
VOLUME  II. —  THE  QUAKERS  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 

The  first  part  of  this  work  under  the  title  of  "  A  Quaker  Experiment  in  Government,"  was  published  in  the 
Spring  of  1898,  and  met  a  warm  reception  from  press  and  public,  and  a  ready  sale.  It  carried  the  narrative 
from  the  founding  of  the  Commonwealth  down  to  the  year  1756,  when  the  conflict  between  the  peace  principles 
of  the  Quakers  and  the  warlike  trend  of  events  first  reached  a  crisis.  The  present  volume  traces  the  same  conflict 
through  the  stormy  events  of  the  Revolution,  and  examines  its  momentous  results. 

Two  volumes,  12mo,  with  numerous  portraits,  and  other  illustrations. 

Cloth  extra,  $3.00  ;  Half  Morocco,  gilt  top,  $5  00.      Volumes  sold  separately. 
Volume  I.  A  Quaker  Experiment  in  Government,  $1.50,  $2.50.    Volume  II.  The  Quakers  in  the  Revolution,  $1.50,  $2.50. 

Fresh  and  original  contribution  to  political  economy —  SYRACUSE  HERALD. 

SYMBOLS  AND  EMBLEMS-ILLUSTRATED. 

BY  H.  J.  SMITH. 

An  indispensable  book  for  all  architects,  designers,  and  draughtsmen,  and  for  workmen  in  the  artistic,  deco- 
rative, and  high-class  building  trades.  The  author,  an  eminent  designer  in  stained  glass,  has  been  impressed  with 
the  fact  that  in  art  education  of  our  day  the  subject  of  Symbolism  seems  to  have  been  overlooked.  "Very  little 
direct  instruction  upon  it  seems  to  be  given  in  the  art  schools,  and  graduates  are  left  to  learn  at  haphazard  or  to 
guess  at  the  meaning  of  the  symbols  that  are  used  so  lavishly  in  our  churches."  The  reason  for  this  general  neglect 
is  to  be  found  in  the  fact  that  the  many  works  on  the  subject  were  written  by  and  for  the  theologian  and  the 
arcbseologist,  and  are  too  abstruse  to  be  used  as  works  of  popular  reference. 

This  is  both  a  popular  and  a  comprehensive  manual  of  the  subject.  It  is  made  as  plain  and  concise  as  possible, 
and  is  thus  enabled  to  illustrate  and  explain  with  all  necessary  fulness  over  three  hundred  and  fifty  symbols, 
including  all  the  most  familiar  forms  —  a  far  greater  number  than  is  contained  in  any  other  work. 

Illustrations  are  arranged  in  one  hundred  magnificent  full-page  quarto  plates,  each  plate  being  accompanied  by 
one  or  more  pages  of  explanatory  letter-press. 

Royal  quarto,  printed  on  extra  heavy  deckle-edged  paper,  bound  in  illuminated  art  vellum,  $5  00. 

\       .  A  HANDBOOK  OF  LABOR  LITERATURE. 

COMPILED  BY  HELEN   MAROT. 

"  Will  take  rank  beside  the  best  biographies  on  German  and  French  literature  in  the  same  field.  Nothing  com- 
parable with  it  has  preceded  it  in  English." — Annals  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science. 

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UNDER  OTIS  IN  THE  PHILIPPINES; 

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AN  UNDIVIDED  UNION. 

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THE    DIAL 


347 


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CONTEXTS. 


A  MEMORY  FOREVER 


PAGB 

.  349 


THE    "PASSING"    OF     MATTHEW    ARNOLD. 

W.  H.  Johnson 361 

COMMUNICATIONS 353 

The  Uneducated  College  Man.     W.  R.  K. 
Greek  with  Tears.     William  Cranston  Lawton. 
The  Music  and  Color  of  Poe.    John  B.  Tabb. 
Mr.  Markham's  Interpretation  of  his  Hoe  Poem. 

Edwin  Markham. 

THE  HUGO  MEMOIRS.    E.  G.  J. 355 

MR.   FISKE'S   "DUTCH   AND    QUAKER    COLO- 
NIES."   B.  A.  Hinsdale 357 

THREE-QUARTERS     OF    THE     NINETEENTH 

CENTURY.    Minna  Angler 359 

A  MAN  OF  THE  THEOLOGICAL  RENAISSANCE 

IN  NEW  ENGLAND.    Shailer  Mathews    ...  362 

THE  WAR  WITH  SPAIN,  AND  AFTER.    Wallace 

Bice 363 

Lodge's  The  War  with  Spain.  —  Roosevelt's  The 
Rough  Riders. — Bigelow's  Reminiscences  of  the  San- 
tiago Campaign.  —  Hall's  The  Fun  and  Fighting  of 
the  Rough  Riders.  —  Davis's  Our  Conquests  in  the 
Pacific. —  Dinwiddie's  Puerto  Rico. — Mathews's  The 
New-Born  Cuba.  —  Griffis's  America  in  the  East.  — 
Draper's  The  Rescue  of  Cuba. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 366 

Mr.  Bullen's  best  book.  —  The  sonnets  of  Shake- 
speare. —  Plagiarist  or  "  precursor  "  ?  —  Essays  on 
the  theatre.  — Reminiscences  of  a  painter  and  musi- 
cian.—  The  case  of  the  Boers  at  first  hand. —  An  ad- 
vanced text-book  in  civil  government.  —  Abraham 
Lincoln  as  a  Man  of  the  People. —  Amateur  and  pro- 
fessional oratory.  —  The  literary  study  of  the  Bible. 
—  Fables  in  slang  and  dialect.  —  With  Maximilian 
in  Mexico. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 370 

LITERARY  NOTES 371 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  372 


A   MEMORY  FOREVER. 


A  recent  contributor  to  our  English  contem- 
porary, "  The  Academy,"  has  been  sharpening 
his  wits  to  a  rather  fine  point  in  protesting 
against  the  introduction  of  school  children,  at 
too  early  an  age,  to  the  masterpieces  of  English 
poetry.  His  special  text  is  found  in  Gray's 
"  Elegy,"  and  his  childish  recollections  of  that 
poem  are  decidedly  diverting. 

"  I  remember  how  I  used  to  grind  through  it  without 
one  word  of  explanation  when  I  was  a  little  fellow  of 
ten  years  of  age  [observe,  ten!]:  each  line  went  by 
itself,  and  one  consequence  was  that  the  thing  in  the 
piece  that  impressed  me  most  was  the  reference  to 

'The  dark,  nnfathomed  caves  of  ocean  bear.' 
I  had  had  my  neck  nearly  wrung  off  in  those  days  for 
once  saying  that  a  noun  '  governed '  something,  and  I 
was  not  the  boy  to  risk  further  twisting  by  asking  if  it 
was  the  polar  bear  that  was  meant;  but  there  was  a 
magnificent  remoteness  in  the  dwelling  of  this  creature 
that  always  pleased  me,  and  it  was  not  till  later  that  I 
discovered  what  the  verse  really  meant." 

Continuing,  in  similar  strain,  he  asks : 

"  What  boy  ever  believed  in  the '  hoary-headed  swain ' 
or  the  '  forefathers  of  the  hamlet '  ?  As  for  the  youth 
who  gave  to  Misery  all  he  had,  a  tear,  and  gained  from 
Heaven,  'twas  all  he  wish'd,  a  friend,  no  schoolboy  ever 
understood  that  transaction.  And  this  poem,  which  boys 
cannot  understand,  and  masters  cannot  hope  to  explain, 
is  our  accepted  introduction  to  poetry." 

A  like  protest  has  been  made,  time  and  time 
again,  against  the  rigid  drill  in  Homer  and 
Virgil  which  schoolmasters  have  deemed  the 
necessary  foundation  of  a  sound  classical  edu- 
cation. These  names  become  in  recollection 
the  symbols  of  a  disagreeable  experience,  and 
whatever  natural  proclivities  a  youth  may  have 
for  the  enjoyment  of  poetry  become  stifled  by 
such  a  premature  attempt  to  force  his  taste. 
The  result  is  that,  from  the  time  of  his  emanci- 
pation from  this  compulsory  application  of  the 
classics,  he  shuns  them  ever  afterwards,  and, 
as  one  humorist  has  put  it,  acquires  as  the 
fruits  of  his  training  in  Greek  and  Latin  little 
more  than  the  firm  conviction  that  two  such 
languages  exist. 

There  is,  no  doubt,  a  certain  force  in  protests 
of  this  sort,  and  injudicious  methods  in  the 
education  of  young  people  have  done  much  to 
justify  the  complaint ;  but  there  is  another  side 
to  the  question,  a  side  which  is,  on  the  whole, 


350 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


the  stronger  of  the  two,  and  which  there  is  a 
growing  tendency  among  educators  to  ignore. 
The  great  variety  of  new  educational  devices 
which  are  nowadays  urged  upon  the  bewildered 
young  teacher  are  too  apt  to  have  this  in  com- 
mon, that  they  involve  a  relaxation  of  discipline 
for  tli«-  student,  and  take  from  him  the  sense  of 
responsibility  for  his  own  performance.  If  a 
problem  seems  too  hard,  there  is  always  some 
one  at  hand  to  relieve  him  of  the  effort  neces- 
sary to  master  it,  and  he  is  encouraged  to  seek 
such  relief  before  he  has  half  exhausted  his  own 
resources.  Already  many  voices  are  raised 
among  wisely  conservative  educators  of  long 
experience,  warning  the  public  of  the  conse- 
quences of  this  drift  of  our  methods  of  instruc- 
tion. By  dint  of  this  smoothing  over  of  all 
difficulties  we  are  not  developing  the  intel- 
lectual stamina  that  was  a  product  of  the 
severer  methods  of  the  past ;  and,  however 
glibly  we  may  talk  about  the  encouragement 
of  self-activity,  we  are  really  playing  with  it, 
instead  of  setting  it  in  the  forefront  of  our 
endeavors. 

Recurring  to  the  special  subject  of  literature, 
there  is  a  good  deal  to  be  said  for  the  old- 
fashioned  plan  of  anticipating  the  tastes  that 
later  years  may  be  expected  to  develope.  This 
does  not  necessarily  mean  that  the  mental  maw 
of  a  child  of  ten  should  be  crammed  with  poems 
like  the  "  Elegy,"  but  it  does  mean,  first,  that 
nothing  but  very  good  literature  should  be  given 
to  school  children,  and,  second,  that  it  may 
safely  be  literature  considerably  in  advance  of 
their  complete  comprehension.  The  notion  that 
it  must  all  be  explained  and  digested  then  and 
there  is  fatal  to  the  growth  of  appreciation. 
Give  a  child  something  that  appeals  to  him  in 
part,  and  the  sense  of  mystery  which  invests 
the  rest  of  the  work  brings  the  best  possible 
stimulus  to  his  growth  in  the  right  direction. 
And  then  there  is  the  faculty  of  memory  to  be 
considered.  The  disrepute  into  which  cultiva- 
tion of  the  memory  has  fallen  is  one  of  the  most 
alarming  features  of  recent  theorizing,  and  no 
educational  word  is  to-day  more  needed  than  a 
strong  reinsertion  of  the  claims  of  this  faculty 
upon  the  attention  of  the  teacher.  The  right  kind 
of  student,  struggling  with  the  construction  and 
the  scansion  of  his  Milton  or  his  Virgil,  and 
receiving  only  a  dim  sort  of  illumination  upon 
his  path,  is  all  the  while  enriching  his  memory 
unawares  with  cadenced  phrases  that  will  reecho 
in  his  consciousness  through  the  years  to  come, 
and  give  him  spiritual  sustenance  in  a  future 
that  would  be  harsh  indeed  without  their  soften- 


ing ministry.  We  say  the  right  kind  of  stu- 
dent—  the  other  kind,  whose  occasional  ex- 
istence must  be  admitted,  had  better  give  up 
the  pursuit  of  literary  culture  when  it  becomes 
certain  that  the  portals  of  that  paradise  are  not 
to  be  opened  for  him,  and  take  to  chemistry, 
or  civil  engineering,  or  political  economy.  But 
because  there  are  in  every  generation  some  such 
men  and  women,  subject  to  limitations  that 
permanently  exclude  them  from  sharing  in  the 
highest  hopes  and  aspirations  of  humanity, 
although  capable  of  a  life  of  honest  activity 
upon  some  lower  intellectual  plane,  let  us  take 
good  heed  not  to  add  to  their  numbers  through 
neglect  of  the  agencies  provided  for  our  hand 
in  the  early  years  of  training.  It  is  better  at 
the  start  to  set  the  highest  aim  for  all,  abandon- 
ing it  only  in  those  cases  whose  development 
clearly  proves  it  unattainable,  than  to  set  a 
lower  aim  merely  because  we  may  hope  for  its 
realization  by  a  larger  number  of  souls. 

"Not  failure,  bat  low  aim,  is  crime." 

In  the  matter  of  education,  no  less  than  of  the 
subjective  ideal,  these  words  of  Lowell  are 
eternally  true. 

A  thing  of  beauty  is  a  joy  forever,  because, 
when  it  has  once  entered  fully  into  the  con- 
sciousness, it  becomes  a  memory  forever.  We 
must  not  expect  this  penetrating  process  to  be 
accomplished  all  at  once.  Of  course,  no  child 
will  half  understand  the  beauty  of  a  great 
poem  or  a  fine  example  of  imaginative  prose. 
Let  it  but  kindle  his  thought  at  a  single  point, 
and  awaken  his  interest  in  partial  degree  only  ; 
the  slow  and  semi-conscious  development  of 
his  intellect  may  be  trusted  to  carry  on  the 
work  of  assimilation  to  its  completion.  How 
many  a  writer  has  borne  testimony  to  this 
fructifying  influence  of  noble  literature  in  the 
mind  of  childhood.  The  following  passage 
from  Mr.  Ruskin's  "Fors"  has  been  quoted 
more  than  once,  but  we  must  quote  it  again, 
because  it  tells  the  whole  story : 

'•  My  mother  forced  me,  by  steady  daily  toil,  to  learn 
long  chapters  of  the  Bible  by  heart;  as  well  as  to  read 
it  every  syllable  through,  aloud,  hard  names  and  all, 
from  Genesis  to  the  Apocalypse,  about  once  a  year;  and 
to  that  discipline  —  patient,  accurate,  and  resolute  —  I 
owe,  not  only  a  knowledge  of  the  book,  which  I  find  oc- 
casionally serviceable,  but  much  of  my  general  power 
of  taking  pains,  and  the  best  part  of  my  taste  in  liter- 
ature." 

Our  modern  education  is  at  fault  if  it  does 
not  find  place  for  some  such  discipline  as  this 
during  those  precious  early  years  —  so  soon  at 
an  end  —  when  the  fresh  receptivity  of  the  mind 
is  not  dulled,  and  the  memory  cheerfully  re- 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


351 


spends  to  the  stimulus  of  serious  reading.  Most 
men  in  middle  life  find  that  they  preserve  a 
more  vivid  recollection  of  their  reading  of 
twenty  or  thirty  years  ago  than  of  the  reading 
done  by  them  at  a  very  recent  date. 

There  is  perhaps  no  other  of  the  great  poets 
of  the  world  quite  equal  to  Virgil  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  quality  whereby  the  phrases 
imperfectly  apprehended  by  childhood  become 
an  ever  richer  possession  as  time  rolls  by.  For 
two  thousand  years  the  mintage  of  his  thought 
has  had  this  magical  power  to  associate  itself 
with  the  tenderest  memories  and  the  inmost 
sympathies  of  men.  We  all  know  Matthew 
Arnold's  exquisite  reference  to  the 

"  Virgilian  cry, 
The  sense  of  tears  in  mortal  things." 

We  all  know,  too,  the  series  of  instances  so 
effectively  marshalled  by  Mr.  Frederic  Myers 
in  that  essay  on  Virgil  which  is  "  classical  "  in 
more  senses  than  one.  Less  familiar,  however, 
are  the  two  passages  adduced  in  support  of  this 
claim  by  a  recent  correspondent  of  "  The  Na- 
tion," passages  which  reveal  the  minds  of  Rob- 
ert Louis  Stevenson  and  John  Henry  Newman, 
so  dissimilar  in  most  respects,  for  once  work- 
ing in  complete  harmony.  This  is  what  we  find 
in  "The  Ebb -Tide": 

"  The  Virgil,  which  he  could  not  exchange  against  a 
meal,  had  often  consoled  him  in  his  hunger.  He  would 
study  it,  ...  seeking  favorite  passages,  and  find- 
ing new  ones  only  less  beautiful  because  they  lacked  the 
consecration  and  remembrance.  Or  he  would  pause  on 
random  country  walks,  sit  on  the  pathside,  gazing  over 
the  sea  on  the  mountains  of  Eimeo,  and  dip  into  the 
'^Eneid,'  seeking  sortes.  And  if  the  oracle  (as  is  the 
way  of  oracles)  replied  with  no  very  certain  or  encour- 
aging voice,  visions  of  England,  at  least,  would  throng 
upon  the  exile's  memory  —  the  busy  school  -  room,  the 
green  playing-fields,  holidays  at  home,  and  the  peren- 
nial roar  of  London,  and  the  fireside,  and  the  white 
head  of  his  father.  For  it  is  the  destiny  of  these  grave, 
restrained,  and  classic  writers,  with  whom  we  make  en- 
forced and  often  painful  acquaintance  at  school,  to  pass 
into  the  blood  and  become  native  in  the  memory;  so 
that  a  phrase  of  Virgil  speaks  not  so  much  of  Mantua 
or  Augustus,  but  of  English  places  and  the  student's 
own  irrevocable  youth." 

The  other  excerpt  is  from  the  "  Grammar  of 
Assent,"  and  links  with  the  name  of  Virgil  the 
suggestion  of  Homer  and  Horace: 

"  Passages  which  to  a  boy  are  but  rhetorical  com- 
monplaces, neither  better  nor  worse  than  a  hundred 
others  which  any  clever  writer  might  supply,  which  he 
gets  by  heart  and  thinks  very  fine,  and  imitates,  as  he 
thinks,  successfully  in  his  own  flowing  versification,  at 
length  come  home  to  him  when  long  years  have  passed 
and  he  has  had  experience  of  life,  and  pierce  him  as  if 
he  had  never  before  known  them,  with  their  said  earn- 
estness and  vivid  exactness.  Then  he  comes  to  under- 
stand how  it  is  that  lines,  the  birth  of  some  chance 


morning  or  evening  at  an  Ionian  festival,  or  among  the 
Sabine  hills,  have  lasted  generation  after  generation  for 
thousands  of  years,  with  a  power  over  the  mind,  and  a 
charm,  which  the  current  literature  of  his  own  day,  with 
all  its  obvious  advantages,  is  utterly  unable  to  rival. 
Perhaps  this  is  the  reason  of  the  mediaeval  opinion 
about  Virgil,  as  if  a  prophet  or  magician  ;  his  single 
words  and  phrases,  his  pathetic  half- lines,  giving  utter- 
ance, as  the  voice  of  Nature  herself,  to  that  pain  and 
weariness,  yet  hope  of  better  things,  which  is  the  ex- 
perience of  her  children  in  every  time." 

The  seeming  drudgery  of  the  old-fashioned 
type  of  education  was  well  worth  the  while  if  it 
resulted  in  such  memory-deposits  as  these,  and 
it  becomes  little  less  than  a  crime  to  waste  the 
opportunity,  which  early  youth  alone  offers,  of 
fertilizing  the  mind  with  the  pollen  that  may, 
if  all  goes  well,  yield  such  a  harvest  in  the 
later  years. 


THE   "PASSING"    OF  MATTHEW 
ARNOLD. 

It  is  no  doubt  an  advantage  of  the  philosophy  of 
evolution,  so  popular  in  its  manifold  application 
to-day,  that  it  tends  to  clear  the  ground  of  a  hamper- 
ing accumulation  of  methods  and  results  from  the 
past,  and  give  a  freer  hand  to  the  workers  of  the 
present.  But  the  true  evolutionist  recognizes  the 
permanent  elements  which  pass  on  from  stage  to 
stage  of  development,  no  less  than  the  vanishing 
characteristics  of  the  single  stage.  The  ambitious 
builder  of  the  present  day,  then,  must  be  careful  in 
preparing  his  site  that  he  does  not  waste  energy  and 
time  in  removing  solid  rock. 

Some  ten  years  ago,  a  band  of  self-appointed 
defenders  of  America  and  its  institutions  undertook 
to  drive  Matthew  Arnold  out  of  court  with  clubs 
and  tomahawks.  He  was  a  snob,  an  aristocrat,  and 
an  ignoramus,  knowing  nothing  of  American  insti- 
tutions and  not  much  of  anything  else,  without  the 
ability  even  to  use  the  English  language  correctly, 
on  the  hypothesis  that  he  had  anything  to  say.  But 
such  attacks  really  did  more  good  than  harm,  since 
they  convinced  the  judicious  that  the  critic's  verdict, 
"Thou  ailest  here,  and  here,"  was  timely  and  well- 
grounded  ;  and  an  increasing  number  of  Americans 
went  on  reading  Mr.  Arnold's  works  with  profit  and 
enjoyment.  When  his  "Letters"  were  given  to 
eagerly  waiting  readers,  a  few  years  ago,  the  editor 
deemed  it  expedient  in  his  prefatory  remarks  po- 
litely to  dismiss  from  consideration  no  small  share 
of  Arnold's  life's  work :  "  His  theology,  once  the 
subject  of  some  just  criticism,  seems  now  a  matter 
of  comparatively  little  moment."  But  Arnold 
minus  his  distinctively  theological  writings  is  still 
an  author  of  considerable  proportions  and  possible 
permanent  importance ;  and  so  many  of  us  have 
gone  on  studying  him  with  pleasure  and  supposed 
benefit,  not  even  denying  ourselves  a  sly  dip  into 


852 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


his  theological  essays  when  the  back  of  his  literary 
executor  was  turned. 

Bat  now  comes  a  critic  who  seems  at  first  view 
to  cut  the  ground  entirely  from  under  our  feet. 
With  the  sweeping  thoroughness  of  the  Roman 
Emperor  who  would  have  had  the  necks  of  his  sub- 
jects all  united  in  one,  that  a  single  blow  of  the 
sword  might  finish  the  business,  the  author  of 
"  Social  Ideals  in  English  Letters  "  ranges  Arnold's 
entire  work  under  the  social  motive  and  calmly  as- 
signs it  to  a  shelf  in  the  Museum  of  Historical 
Sociology :  "  Already  we  look  back  to  Arnold's 
strong  and  vivid  work  as  belonging  rather  to  his- 
tory than  to  the  things  that  are."  There  is  an  air 
of  the  inevitable  about  these  words  that  makes 
one  hesitate  to  challenge  them,  for  fear  he  may 
accomplish  nothing  but  to  demonstrate  his  own 
fitness  for  a  place  in  the  museum ;  but  even  at 
that  risk  we  are  not  willing  to  give  up  Arnold  with- 
out a  struggle. 

Using  the  word  "  social "  in  the  broad  sense  in- 
tended throughout  Miss  Scudder's  book,  one  finds 
no  difficulty  in  agreeing  with  her  that  Arnold's  aim 
"was  everywhere  social."  It  is  only  when  she 
comes  down  to  details  of  interpretation,  that  there 
is  reasonable  ground  for  difference.  And  the  writer, 
for  one,  feels  strongly  that  there  is  such  ground  at 
the  very  point  wherein  seems  to  lie  the  motive  for 
the  verdict  which  has  been  quoted.  Miss  Scudder 
writes  not  as  the  indifferent  historian,  seeking  only 
to  set  before  the  reader  the  dry  facts  as  to  the 
social  ideals  of  English  men  of  letters,  with  no  opin- 
ions of  her  own  to  maintain :  she  is  the  open  cham- 
pion of  the  movement  to  better  the  social  condition 
of  the  masses,  and  naturally  anxious  that  substantial 
results  shall  not  be  too  long  delayed.  Now,  writ- 
ing from  this  point  of  view,  and,  we  believe,  not 
keeping  vividly  in  mind  certain  features  of  Arnold's 
method,  she  has  come  to  the  unnecessary  conclusion 
that  further  social  progress  is  possible  only  when  he 
is  left  behind.  After  summing  up  the  character- 
istics of  the  Greek  temperament  which  he  thought  it 
necessary  to  inculcate  in  order  to  the  development 
of  a  symmetrical  English  character,  she  adds : 
"  And  meanwhile  we  must  wholly  abstain  from  ac- 
tion." Now,  if  Arnold  had  held  theoretically  that 
total  abstention  from  action  was  necessary  until 
the  process  of  tempering  British  Hebraism  with  a 
suitable  admixture  of  Hellenism  should  be  fairly 
accomplished,  the  prospect  for  results  under  such 
a  method  would  indeed  be  discouraging.  Nor 
could  he  be  defended  against  the  charge  of  glaring 
inconsistency,  since  he  did  not  wholly  abstain  from 
action  himself,  nor  did  he  fail  to  find  due  occasion 
for  encouraging  others  to  action,  both  individual 
and  legislative.  But  one  is  not  driven  to  the  neces- 
sity of  interpreting  his  published  words  by  his  indi- 
vidual course  as  a  citizen  and  member  of  society. 
A  careful  reading  of  his  essays  amply  warrants  the 
statement  that  he  did  not  contemplate  absolute  ab- 
stention from  action  even  as  a  temporary  expedient. 


What  he  deprecated  was  ill-advised  action,  based 
on  an  incomplete  and  misleading  conception  of  cir- 
cumstances and  relations.  No  doubt  he  would  have 
included  under  this  head  a  very  large  proportion  of 
the  philanthropic  action,  individual  and  organized,  of 
his  time, —  too  large  a  proportion,  if  you  will.  But 
such  a  mere  mistaking  of  degree,  if  mistake  there 
was,  does  not  bring  him  into  conflict  with  progress, 
and  is  of  little  importance.  It  certainly  bore  a  less 
ratio  to  his  quantum  of  correct  judgment  than  the 
mistakes  of  the  average  British  or  American  social 
reformer  and  philanthropist  to  his  instances  of  wise 
action.  With  penetrating  insight,  he  was  painfully 
aware  that  an  immense  amount  of  earnest  and  well- 
intended  effort  was  at  best  missing  its  aim,  and  in 
many  cases  doing  positive  harm,  because  of  the  lack 
of  ••  a  free  play  of  ideas  "  upon  the  subject  in  ques- 
tion. Such  a  free  play  of  ideas  he  considered  it  his 
mission  to  promote.  And  we  may  say  that  his  aim 
was  everywhere  this,  as  well  as  to  say  that  it  was 
everywhere  social.  But  when  we  approach  it  from 
this  side  it  is  easy  to  see  that  his  work  does  not 
necessarily  pass  from  the  domain  of  living  impor- 
tance with  the  age  that  produced  it.  The  habit  of 
ill-considered  action,  growing  out  of  the  failure  to 
bring  a  free  play  of  ideas  to  bear,  is  as  old  as  human 
history  and  bids  fair  to  remain  among  us  for  many 
generations  yet  to  come.  And  while  it  does  remain, 
there  will  always  be  occasion  for  effort  to  deprecate 
over-hasty  action,  and  to  stimulate  thought,  in  all 
lines  of  social  progress.  Hebraism  in  its  own  home 
produced  a  literature  of  conduct  which  the  world 
has  never  yet  passed  by,  and  never  will  pass  by 
until  some  other  nation  puts  a  better  in  its  place. 
Hellenism  likewise  bore  fruit  for  which  the  world 
is  sure  to  have  use  until  it  is  surpassed  in  its  own 
kind.  Arnold  saw  that  the  highest  type  of  human 
development  must  effect  a  fitting  synthesis  of  the 
two  (not  of  course  excluding  the  possibility  of  the 
development  of  still  other  traits,  which  neither  He- 
brews nor  Hellenes  brought  into  prominence),  and 
he  gave  to  English  letters  an  extended  series  of 
brilliant  essays  in  that  direction.  He  did  not  think 
to  revolutionize  society  at  once, —  though  he  was  no 
pessimist,  as  many  who  have  not  read  him,  and  are 
hardly  prepared  to  understand  him  if  they  should, 
would  have  us  believe.  But  he  would  have  been 
very  much  surprised  to  be  told  by  one  so  sympa- 
thetic as  Miss  Scudder  that  his  work  would  belong 
to  history,  rather  than  to  the  things  that  are,  as  soon 
as  a  portion  of  his  "  remnant "  should  have  assumed 
for  a  few  years  an  attitude  of  deep  thought  and 
scrupulous  inaction.  What  he  wanted  was  to  set  up 
a  process  of  "osmosis  "  of  the  best  traits  of  Hebra- 
ism and  Hellenism  through  the  separating  mem- 
brane of  British  prejudice  and  indifference,  and  by 
this  means  he  trusted  to  accelerate  the  rise  from 
the  culture-level  of  the  majority  to  that  of  the  rem- 
nant No  one  would  have  been  less  pleased  than  he 
to  be  told  that  his  work  was  on  a  level  with  that  of 
the  Greeks  and  Hebrews,  for  he  would  readily  have 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


353 


recognized  such  a  statement  as  clumsy  and  insin- 
cere flattery;  but  he  was  a  good  judge  of  effective 
English  expression,  and  he  doubtless  expected  his 
books  to  live  and  carry  on  his  mission  until  super- 
seded by  another  who  should  say  substantially  the 
same  things  in  a  manner  still  more  attractive  and 
effective.  That  has  not  yet  been  done,  and  perhaps 
one  will  not  give  unpardonable  offense  to  the  literary 
guild  of  the  present  day  by  suggesting  that  there  is 
no  immediate  prospect  of  its  being  done.  And  yet 
no  thoughtful  friend  of  Arnold  need  feel  any  satis- 
faction that  this  is  so,  for  he  himself  was  so  single- 
minded  in  pursuit  of  his  end  that  he  would  have 
hailed  gladly  an  eclipse  of  that  sort. 

As  regards  Mr.  Russell's  apology  for  Arnold's 
theological  writings,  we  can  hardly  see  that  even 
this  was  necessary  or  advisable.  In  this  field  Ar- 
nold was  working,  not  for  positive  results  in  the 
way  of  a  detailed  theological  platform,  but  for  an 
honest  and  discriminating  method.  A  continually 
growing  number  are  willing  to  admit  within  certain 
limits  the  existence  of  the  "unbridled  license  of 
affirmation  "  in  religious  matters  which  he  attacked 
with  such  vigor.  He  has  made  a  great  many  read- 
ers realize  that  vivid  hope  and  faith  are  not  identi- 
cal with  scientific  demonstration,  and  that  harm  is 
sure  to  come  from  failure  to  realize  the  distinction 
either  in  thought  or  in  language.  One  who  reads 
him  with  care  can  see  that  he  has  no  quarrel  with 
those  who  can  base  upon  the  data  at  hand  a  more 
comprehensive  belief  than  his.  He  is  to  be  read, 
then,  not  for  detailed  information  as  to  what  one 
should  believe  and  what  reject  in  religious  matters, 
but  to  place  the  curb  of  intelligent  discrimination 
upon  one's  belief,  and  especially  to  check  the  habit 
of  demanding  of  them  that  are  weak  in  the  faith 
tests  that  are  not  fundamentally  necessary  and  are 
sure  to  repel.  He  held  to  his  ideal  of  the  free  play 
of  thought  in  the  realm  of  religion  as  tenaciously  as 
anywhere  else. 

As  some  of  our  older  bards  have  gradually  fallen 
into  the  position  of  "poets  of  the  poets,"  so  Arnold, 
if  we  mistake  not,  will  become  more  and  more  the 
reformer  of  reformers.  With  the  earnest  desire 
for  the  good  of  his  fellow-men  which  is  char- 
acteristic of  all  sincere  reformers,  he  had  also  the 
mental  poise,  the  control  of  the  emotions,  and  the 
logical  temper,  which  the  reform  spirit  is  too  apt  to 
lack.  And  the  multiplied  cases  of  well-intended 
effort  that  failed  because  of  that  lack  must  gradu- 
ally drive  intelligent  philanthropic  endeavor  toward 
the  path  which  he  has  pointed  out.  One  can  hardly 
conceive  of  his  writings  becoming  popular  in  the 
usual  sense  of  that  term.  The  scores  of  thousands 
of  working-men  who  have  devoured  the  pages  of 
"  Looking  Backward  "  during  the  past  decade,  as  if 
it  were  a  divine  revelation,  will  live  and  die  with  no 
knowledge  of  Arnold  ;  but  here  and  there  there  will 
be  one  of  a  thousand  among  them,  with  keener 
power  of  discernment,  who  will  loosen  with  disgust 
his  hold  upon  the  air-castles  of  Bellamy  and  drop 
to  the  solid  ground  of  the  apostle  of  culture  ; —  not, 


of  course,  the  mawkish  product  which  the  enemies 
of  Arnold  have  persistently  attributed  to  him  under 
that  name,  but  the  culture  of  which  all  classes  may 
partake  at  the  price  of  using  such  opportunities  for 
self-improvement  as  are  open  to  their  efforts.  And 
the  philanthropist  who  can  persuade  men  of  thought 
to  give  Arnold  a  careful  reading  will  do  much  more 
to  put  the  ground  in  condition  for  a  fruitful  harvest 
than  he  who  begins  with  an  attempt  to  get  Arnold 

himself  out  of  the  way. 

J  W.  H.  JOHNSON. 


COMMUNICA  TIONS. 


THE  UNEDUCATED  COLLEGE  MAN. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

The  Inaugural  of  Dr.  George  Harris,  Amherst's 
newly  inducted  President,  was,  as  some  of  your  readers 
doubtless  know,  an  unusually  thoughtful  and  suggestive 
address  on  the  theme,  "  The  Man  of  Letters  in  De- 
mocracy." By  "  man  of  letters  "  Dr.  Harris  meant,  as 
he  explained,  not  the  professional  literary  man,  but 
"  the  man  that  is  liberally  educated,  the  cultivated  man, 
for  practical  purposes  the  college  man  " ;  and  he  then 
went  on  to  add  to  his  definition  the  following  remark- 
able qualification:  "Although  .  .  .  there  are  college 
men  that  are  uneducated." 

Now  this  admission,  coming  from  such  a  source,  and 
partially  justifying  as  it  does  the  common  popular  sneer 
at  the  "  college  graduate,"  seems  to  the  present  writer 
a  much  more  serious  and  significant  one  than  the  rather 
airy  and  casual  way  in  which  it  is  made  might  lead  one 
to  suppose.  Is  it  then  true  that  our  higher  educational 
institutions  are  in  the  habit  of  graduating  a  proportion 
of  "uneducated"  young  men  —  starting  them  out  in 
life,  as  it  were,  on  a  basis  of  intellectual  false  pretences, 
and  equipped  with  a  virtually  fraudulent  certificate  of 
scholarly  attainments  in  the  shape  of  an  unearned 
diploma  ?  And  if  this  be  the  case,  what  is  the  degree 
of  moral  difference  between  such  conduct  on  the  part  of 
a  higher  educational  institution,  and  essentially  similar 
conduct  on  the  part,  say,  of  the  "  bogus  "  medical  col- 
lege which,  in  consideration  of  so  many  dollars,  grants 
its  lying  "  sheepskin  "  to  anyone  who  chooses  to  apply 
for  it  ?  The  question  is  a  nice  one  for  the  casuist. 

It  really  seems  that  there  ought  to  be  at  least  one 
college  or  university  in  this  country  whose  diploma 
could  be  safely  accepted  as  a  positive  guarantee  against 
the  illiteracy  of  its  possessor.  Is  there  such  a  one  ?  — 
and,  if  not,  to  what  radical  defect  of  aim  or  system  is 
the  scandal  due  ?  That  it  is  not  due  to  a  lack  of  funds 
or  equipment,  is  manifest ;  and  it  is  needless  to  say  that 
our  college  professors  in  general  form  a  body  of  which 
we  are  justly  proud,  and  to  which  we  look  with  a  con- 
fidence seldom  misplaced  for  light  and  leading.  Why  is 
it,  then,  that  the  "  uneducated  "  college  man  is  not  only 
not  a  rara  avis  in  America,  but  a  bird  so  common  and 
so  familiar  that  President  Harris  in  a  public  address 
serenely  takes  it  for  granted  that  everybody  knows  him, 
and  that  nobody  would  think  of  questioning  his  exist- 
ence ?  Is  "  commercialism  "  in  any  way  answerable  for 
him?  We  are  accustomed  just  now,  perhaps  reason- 
ably enough,  to  charge  a  good  many  of  our  evils  to  this 
score;  and  if  it  be  true  (as  some  aver)  that  there  is  a 
tendency  to  "  commercialize  "  our  colleges,  to  subordi- 


354 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


nate  their  purelj  scholastic  interests  to  their  "  bosii 
interests,  why,  then,  that  tendency  may  in  a  measure 
explain  the  paradoxical  fact  that «'  there  are  college  men 
that  are  uneducated."  The  zeal  that  procures  great 
numbers  of  students  may  easily  outrun  the  discretion 
that  maintains  high  standards  of  fitness,  ^  ^  £ 

Pitttfdd,  Mats.,  Nov.  10, 1899. 


GREEK  WITH  TEARS. 
( To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.  ) 

On  my  table  lies  the  latest  "  First  Greek  Book,"  a 
good  one  of  its  type,  scholarly,  largely  original,  even 
interesting  in  many  parts.  My  only  cavil  as  to  most  of 
it  would  be,  that  plenty  of  entire  chapters  in  Xenophon's 
immortal  romance  are  easier,  and  still  more  interesting. 
But  the  luckless  schoolboy,  in  his  first  lesson,  is  referred 
to  nineteen  different  chapters  of  another  volume  —  a 
scientific  grammar  which  he  should  not  see  for  many 
months.  From  that  grammar  he  must  first  learn  two 
alphabets,  complicated  laws  for  the  uses  of  three  accents, 
paradigms,  etc.  "  Latciale  ogni  iperanza  "  is  written  a 
hundred  times,  in  no  dim  colors,  over  the  first  gate. 

Kindly  allow  a  long-suffering  schoolmaster  to  say 
that  the  chief  difficulties  of  Greek  are  created  by  our 
textbook-makers,  by  massing  at  the  beginning  most  of 
the  novel  elements,  and  by  omitting  everything  which 
should  make  these  elements  fasciuating  and  instructive. 

It  is  the  first  maxim  of  pedagogy,  and  of  persuasion 
generally,  to  connect  what  is  new  with  what  is  already 
known  and  accepted.  Now,  every  Yankee  schoolboy 
has  used  one  Hellenic  alphabet  ted  years  or  more  before 
he  is  set  to  learn  the  louic.  The  interrelation  of  the 
two  is  easily  told,  and  sheds  a  flood  of  light  on  some 
old  puzzles.  Why  not  start  your  Greek  primer  with 
that  ?  There  is  only  one  serious  mystery  in  the  long 
tale,  and  that  can  be  stated  picturesquely,  viz.,  that  the 
group  of  alphabets  which  included  the  Ionian  used  the 
cross  with  the  value  fc-f-A,  so  that,  to  the  Eastern  world, 
it  became,  and  still  is,  Christ's  initial  as  well  as  his 
emblem;  while  Chalkis,  and  therefore  Cumw,  Rome, 
London,  Seattle,  gave  X  another  value.  A  half-hour 
chalk-talk,  or  even  a  brief  chapter  of  a  primer,  might 
make  the  "  new "  Greek  alphabet  seem  an  alluring 
introduction. 

That  the  "small  letters,"  Greek  or  English,  are 
merely  the  natural  modification  of  the  "  capitals,"  when 
a  pen  takes  the  chisel's  place,  can  be  graphically  shown. 
We  claim  to  teach  Attic  fifth  or  fourth  century  Greek. 
Why  should  not  our  boy  see  his  first  sentence  as  Aloi- 
biades  did  his  ?  For  example, — 


OIIATEP4EPE 
MOIATOAEON 
TAZBXAZLAZ 

Then  when  the  words  —  here  chosen  of  course,  be- 
cause any  decent  Latinist  can  guess  their  meaning  — 
are  transliterated,  our  youth  may  realize  that  accents, 
etc.,  were  indeed  benevolent  inventions  for  the  guidance 
of  foreigners. 

And  why  three  accents  ?  There  was  but  one,  viz.,  the 
rise  in  tone  on  one  syllable  of  a  word.  Why  not  feed 
the  child  in  the  first  days  wholly  on  paroxytone  o-stems, 
and  "  regular  "  verbs,  until  the  habit  of  accenting  at  all 
is  acquired  ?  Then,  the  accent  miscalled  and  ill-written 
as  "  grave  "  is  but  a  reminder  that  a  final  acute  could  not 
reach  its  full  height  if  no  pause  followed.  The  (rela- 
tively rare)  circumflex  merely  shows  that  the  return  to 


the  normal  tone  was  made  within  the  same  syllable. 
These  things  are  true.  They  are  simpler,  more  inter- 
esting, hence  easier  remembered,  than  the  current 
"  laws."  Why  is  the  truth  too  good  for  the  beginner  ? 

Comparative  philology  should  be  invoked  when  she 
really  simplifies  or  illuminates  with  the  light  of  un- 
doubted truth.  xV™'  should  be  declined  beside  hor- 
tut  because  it  will  convince  last  year's  doubting  Thom- 
ases that  even  Latin  o-stems  really  were  stems  in  o,— 
and  it  also  shows  the  greater  perfection  of  the  Greek 
forms. 

It  is  a  good  idea  to  postpone  the  a-stems,  but  not  to 
call  them  difficult.  The  phenomenon  of  "  breaking," 
or  change  of  a  to  ij,  is  chiefly  obscured  by  the  fact  that 
it  occurs  so  largely  in  our  own  vernacular:  so  largely, 
indeed,  that  the  English  name  itself  for  A  has  "  broken  " 
to  that  given  everywhere  else  in  Europe  to  K.  The 
relation  of  Attic  <MA"j  to  Latin  fama  is  best  illustrated 
by  bidding  the  pupil  write,  in  Greek  letters,  the  English 
word/ami  (i.  e.,  </>^M). 

Would  such  material  make  a  primer  of  Greek  begin 
like  a  volume  of  brief  readable  essays  ?  Perhaps  so. 
If  to  write  connectedly,  interestingly,  throwing  fresh 
light  on  familiar  knowledge  and  weaving  in  new  facts 
so  that  they  cannot  be  forgotten,  is  to  be  unscholarly, 
then  our  manuals  are  impeccable. 

WILLIAM  CRANSTON  LAWTON. 

Adtlphi  College,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.<  Nov.  10,  1899. 


THE  MUSIC  AND  COLOR  OP  POE. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THK  DIAL.) 

Now  that  Poe  —  as  Mr.  Henry  Austin  says  in  THE 
DIAL  for  Nov.  1  —  has  ••  come  into  his  kingdom,"  it  is 
curious  to  read,  as  I  did  the  other  day,  that  "  •  Annabel 
Lee '  is  a  jingle,"  and  "  Ulalume  "  a  poem  that  "  no  man 
of  sound  mind  could  enjoy."  This  critic,  strange  to  say, 
is  himself  a  known  poet :  but  where  are  his  ears?  Music 
is  surely  a  joy  to  sound  minds,  and  nowhere,  I  think, 
in  the  language  is  more  of  it  to  be  found  than  in 
"Ulalume."  As  in  the  Chorus  of  Witches  in  "Mac- 
beth," one  feels  what  he  cannot  understand  of  its  drift: 
an  effect  which,  though  frequent  in  musical  composition, 
none  but  rare  artists  can  accomplish  in  verse. 

Of  all  the  American  poets  of  his  day,  Poe  alone  fades 
not.  The  rest  have  lost  color.  They  worked  in  daguer- 
reotype; he  painted  in  oil;  and  fifty  years  hence  —  in 
a  kingdom  or  a  republic  —  will  "  rule  as  his  desmesne  "  a 
"  wider  expanse  "  than  the  one  he  now  dominates. 

JOHN  B.  TABB. 

St.  Charles  College,  Ellicott  City,  Md.,  Nov.  7,  1899. 


MR.  MARKHAM'S  INTERPRETATION  OF 

HIS  HOE  POEM. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THK  DIAL.) 

I  have  just  read  in  your  issue  of  November  1  a  com- 
munication from  Mr.  Granville  Davisson  Hall,  on  ••  The 
Meaning  of  «  The  Man  with  the  Hoe.'  "  Permit  me  to 
thank  your  correspondent  for  his  very  clear  statement, 
and  to  say  that  he  comprehends  my  idea  perfectly. 
Indeed,  in  an  introduction  to  the  Hoe  poem,  recently 
written  at  the  request  of  my  publishers  for  a  forth- 
coming edition  of  my  poems,  I  have  expressed  substan- 
tially the  same  ideas  contained  in  your  correspondent's 
article;  and  have  even  made  the  same  quotations  from 
Carlyle  and  Mirabeau.  EDW|N  MARKHAM. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  9,  1899. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


355 


Cjr* 


0oks. 


THE  HUGO  MEMOIRS.* 


In  so  far  as  there  is  very  little  of  what  may 
in  strictness  be  termed  autobiography  in  the 
Memoirs  of  Victor  Hugo,  the  work  is  likely 
to  prove  disappointing  to  not  a  few  readers. 
These  will  have  naturally  looked  for  something 
in  the  shape  of  a  continuous  narrative  of  a 
picturesque  and  checkered  career  —  a  retro- 
spect and  final  summing  up  of  an  illustrious 
life.  What  they  will  find  is  a  medley  of  cau- 
series,  literary  remnants,  aperqus,  stories  in 
the  style  of  Captain  Gronow,  memories  of  the 
stage,  of  the  Academy,  of  the  Chamber,  of  the 
Court  of  Louis  Philippe,  of  Napoleon  "  the 
Little,"  of  the  events  of  '48,  of  the  Siege  of 
Paris.  In  fine,  the  Memoir  is  fragmentary,  it 
is  miscellaneous,  it  bubbles  with  sentiment  and 
•corruscates  with  Hugoesque  turns  of  thought 
and  diction,  it  is  eminently  readable,  —  but  it 
is  not  autobiography.  As  the  editor,  M.  Paul 
Meurice,  conscientiously  describes  it,  "  it  is  a 
sort  of  haphazard  chronique  ...  a  series  of 
pictures  of  infinite  variety."  In  externals,  this 
rather  stout  volume  of  400  odd  pages  is  fairly 
presentable ;  but  in  point  of  typography  and 
proof-reading  it  is  not,  it  must  in  candor  be 
said,  irreproachable.  There  is  a  tolerable  front- 
ispiece portrait  of  the  author,  but  no  index  — 
an  unpardonable  omission  in  an  important  work 
bristling  with  proper  names  and  altogether 
likely  to  be  marked  by  the  reader  as  one  valu- 
able for  reference  in  the  future. 

This  "  haphazard  chronique "  of  Victor 
Hugo's  begins  with  the  year  1825,  with  some 
memories  of  the  coronation  of  Charles  X.  at 
Kheims — "  Rheims  the  land  of  chimeras,  which 
is  perhaps  the  reason  that  kings  are  crowned 
there." 

"  A  coronation  was  a  godsend  to  Rheims.  A  flood  of 
-opulent  people  inundated  the  city.  It  was  the  Nile  that 
was  passing.  Landlords  rubbed  their  hands  with  glee." 

Everything  was  forgotten,  even  civic  pride  in 
the  monuments  of  a  historic  past,  in  the  desire 
to  flatter  the  worthless  royal  ex.- emigre  then 
Doming  (for  a  brief  period,  happily)  to  his  own 
again.  A  new  iconoclasm  attacked  the  superb 
facade  of  the  cathedral. 

"  A  month  before  the  coronation  a  swarm  of  masons, 
perched  on  ladders  and  clinging  to  knotted  ropes,  spent 
a  week  smashing  with  hammers  every  bit  of  jutting 

*THE  MEMOIRS  OF  VICTOR  HUGO.  With  a  Preface  by 
Panl  Meurice.  Translated  by  John  W.  Harding.  New  York : 
G.  W.  Dillingham  Co. 


sculpture  on  the  facade,  for  fear  a  stone  might  become 
detached  from  one  of  these  reliefs  and  fall  on  the  king's 
head." 

It  was  during  this  visit  to  Kheims  that  Hugo 
first  read  a  play  of  Shakespeare,  "  King  John," 
in  a  little  book  that  fell  in  the  hands  of  his 
companion,  Charles  Nodier.  He  had  already, 
of  course,  known  of  Shakespeare.  "  I  knew 
him,"  he  says,  "  as  everybody  else  did,  not  hav- 
ing read  him,  and  having  treated  him  with 
ridicule."  One  evening  it  was  determined  to 
read  "  King  John  " —  that  is,  Nodier,  who  knew 
English,  was  to  read  it  aloud,  translating  as  he 
read. 

"  Listeners  arrived.  One  passes  the  evening  as  best 
one  can  in  a  provincial  town  on  a  coronation  day  when 
one  does  n't  go  to  the  ball.  We  formed  quite  a  little 
club.  There  was  an  Academician,  M.  Roger;  a  man  of 
letters,  M.  d'Eckstein;  good  old  Marquis  d'Herbouville, 
and  M.  He'monin,  donor  of  the  book  (the  '  King  John ') 
that  cost  six  sous.  '  It  is  n't  worth  the  money ! '  exclaimed 
M.  Roger.  .  .  .  The  company  had  ceased  to  read  in 
order  to  laugh.  Nodier  at  length  became  silent  like 
myself.  We  were  beaten.  The  gathering  broke  up 
with  a  laugh,  and  our  visitors  went  away.  Nodier  and 
I  remained  alone  and  pensive,  thinking  of  the  great 
works  that  are  unappreciated,  and  amazed  that  the 
intellectual  education  of  the  civilized  peoples,  and  even 
our  own,  his  and  mine,  had  advanced  no  further  than 
this." 

Some  interesting  details  of  the  execution  of 
Louis  XVI.  were  gathered  by  Hugo  in  1840 
from  an  eye-witness  of  the  tragedy. 

"  The  executioners  numbered  four;  two  only  per- 
formed the  execution;  the  third  stayed  at  the  foot  of 
the  ladder,  and  the  fourth  was  on  the  waggon  which 
was  to  convey  the  King's  body  to  the  Madeleine  Ceme- 
tery. .  .  .  Two  priests,  commissaries  of  the  Commune, 
sat  in  the  Mayor's  carriage  laughing  and  conversing  in 
loud  tones.  One  of  them,  Jacques  Roux,  derisively 
drew  the  other's  attention  to  Capet's  fat  calves  and  ab- 
domen. .  .  .  The  guillotine  would  appear  to  the  crafts- 
men of  to-day  to  be  very  badly  constructed.  The  knife 
was  simply  suspended  from  a  pulley  fixed  in  the  centre 
of  the  upper  beam.  This  pulley  and  a  rope  the  thick- 
ness of  a  man's  thumb  constituted  the  whole  apparatus. 
The  knife,  which  was  not  very  heavily  weighted,  was  of 
small  dimensions,  and  had  a  curved  edge  which  gave  it 
the  form  of  a  reversed  Phrygian  cap.  ...  At  the  mo- 
ment when  the  head  of  Louis  XVI.  fell,  the  Abbe* 
Edgeworth  was  still  near  the  King.  The  blood  spirted 
upon  him.  He  hastily  donned  a  brown  overcoat,  de- 
scended from  the  scaffold  and  was  lost  in  the  crowd." 

Among  his  many  interesting  conversations 
with  Louis  Philippe,  Victor  Hugo  records  one 
in  which  the  King  spoke  of  meeting  Petion 
and  Robespierre  at  a  dinner  given  by  a  wealthy 
manufacturer  of  Louviers,  a  M.  Decreteau. 

"  Mirabeau  (said  the  King)  aptly  traced  Robespierre's 
portrait  in  a  word  when  he  said  that  his  face  was  sug- 
gestive of  that  of  '  a  cat  drinking  vinegar.'  He  was 
very  gloomy  and  hardly  spoke.  When  he  did  let  drop 
a  word  from  time  to  time,  it  was  uttered  sourly  and 


356 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


with  reluctance.  He  seemed  to  be  vexed  at  having 
come,  and  because  I  was  there.  In  the  middle  of  the 
dinner,  Prftion,  addressing  M.  Decrdteau,  exclaimed: 
'  My  dear  host,  you  must  get  this  buck  married  I '  He 
pointed  to  Robespierre.  '  What  do  you  mean,  Pe*tion  ? ' 
retorted  Robespierre.  'Mean,'  said  Pe*tion,  «  why  that 
you  must  get  married.  I  insist  upon  marrying  yon. 
You  are  full  of  sourness,  hypochondria,  gall,  bad 
humor,  biliousness,  and  atrabiliousness.  I  am  fearful 
of  all  this  on  our  account.  What  you  want  is  a  woman 
to  sweeten  this  sourness  and  transform  you  into  an 
easy-going  old  fogey.'  Robespierre  tossed  his  head  and 
tried  to  smile,  but  only  succeeded  in  making  a  grimace. 
It  was  the  only  time  that  I  met  Robespierre  in  society. 
After  that  I  saw  him  in  the  tribune  of  the  Convention. 
He  was  wearisome  to  a  supreme  degree,  spoke  slowly, 
heavily,  and  at  length,  and  was  more  sour,  more  gloomy, 
more  bitter  than  ever.  It  was  easy  to  see  that  Pe*tion 
had  not  married  him." 

Louis  Philippe's  reflections  on  his  English 
experiences,  as  reported  by  Victor  Hugo,  are 
interesting. 

"  Have  you  seen  the  English  Parliament  ?  You  speak 
from  your  place,  standing,  in  the  midst  of  your  own 
party;  you  are  carried  away;  you  say  more  often  than 
not  what  others  think  instead  of  what  you  think  your- 
self. There  is  a  magnetic  communication.  You  are 
subjected  to  it.  You  rise  (here  the  King  rose  and  imi- 
tated the  gesture  of  an  orator  speaking  in  Parliament). 
The  assembly  ferments  all  round  and  close  to  you;  you 
let  yourself  go.  On  this  side  somebody  says,  '  England 
has  suffered  a  gross  insult';  and  on  that  side,  'with 
gross  indignity.'  It  is  simply  applause  that  is  sought 
on  both  sides.  Nothing  more.  But  this  is  bad.  In 
France  our  tribune  which  isolates  the  orator  has  many 
advantages.  Of  all  the  English  statesmen,  I  have  known 
only  one  who  was  able  to  withstand  this  influence  of 
assemblies.  He  was  M.  Pitt.  M.  Pitt  was  a  clever 
man,  although  he  was  very  tall.  He  had  an  air  of  awk- 
wardness and  spoke  hesitatingly.  His  lower  jaw 
weighed  a  hundredweight.  .  .  .  England  resembles 
France  in  nothing.  Over  there  are  order,  arrangement, 
symmetry,  cleanliness,  well-mown  lawns,  and  profound 
silence  in  the  streets.  The  passers-by  are  as  serious 
and  as  mute  as  spectres.  When,  being  French  and 
alive,  you  speak  in  the  street,  these  spectres  look  back 
at  you  and  murmur  with  an  inexpressible  mixture  of 
gravity  and  disdain,  '  French  people  ! ' " 

A  curious  anecdote  is  told  of  a  visit  of  Louis 
Philippe  to  Dreux,  to  put  in  order  the  bones 
in  the  Orleans  family  sepulchre  which  had  been 
violated  during  the  Revolution. 

"  The  King  had  the  coffin  brought  and  opened  before 
him.  He  was  alone  with  the  chaplain  and  two  aides- 
de-camp.  Another  coffin,  larger  and  stronger,  bad  been 
prepared.  The  King  himself,  with  his  own  hands,  took, 
one  after  another,  the  bones  of  his  ancestors  from  the 
broken  coffin  and  arranged  them  in  the  new  one.  He 
would  not  permit  anyone  else  to  touch  them.  From 
time  to  time  he  counted  the  skulls  and  said:  'This  is 
Monsieur  the  Duke  de  Penthievre.  This  is  Monsieur 
the  Count  de  Beaujolais.'  Then  to  the  best  of  his  abil- 
ity he  completed  each  group  of  bones.  This  ceremony 
lasted  from  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  until  seven 
o'clock  in  the  evening  without  the  King  taking  either 
rest  or  nourishment." 


Let  us  turn  to  M.  Hugo's  memories  of 
Academicians.  Here  is  a  pretty  story  at  the 
expense  of  Salvandy : 

"  Salvandy  recently  dined  with  Villemain.  The  re- 
past over,  they  adjourned  to  the  drawing-room,  and 
conversed.  As  the  clock  struck  eight,  Villemain's  three 
little  daughters  entered  to  kiss  their  father  good  night. 
The  youngest  is  named  Lucette;  she  is  a  sweet  and 
charming  child  of  five  years.  '  Well,  Lucette,  dear 
child,'  said  her  father,  '  won't  you  recite  one  of  Lafon- 
taine's  fables  before  you  go  to  bed  ?'  '  Here,'  observed 
M.  de  Salvandy,  'is  a  little  person  who  to-day  recites 
fables  and  who  one  of  these  days  will  inspire  romances.' 
Lucette  did  not  understand.  She  merely  gazed  with 
big,  wondering  eyes  at  Salvandy,  who  was  lolling  in  his 
chair  with  an  air  of  benevolent  condescension.  '  Well, 
Lucette,'  he  went  on,  '  will  you  not  recite  a  fable  for 
us  ? '  The  child  required  no  urging,  and  began  in  her 
naive  little  voice,  her  fine,  frank  eyes  still  fixed  upon 
Salvandy:  •One  easily  believes  one's  self  to  be  somebody 
in  France:  " 

Under  the  date  April  22,  1847,  we  find  re- 
corded in  M.  Hugo's  notes  the  election  to  the 
Academy  of  M.  Ampere : 

"  This  is  an  improvement  upon  the  last.    A  slow  im- 
provement.    But  Academies,  like  old  people,  go  slowly. 
During  the  session  and  after  the  election,  Latnartitie 
sent  me  by  an  usher  the  following  lines: 
'C"esf  tin  ttat  peu  protpfre 
D'aller  d'Empit  en  Ampere.' 

I  replied  to  him  by  the  same  usher: 
'  Toutffois  ce  strait  pis 
Waller  d1 Ampere  en  Empis.' " 

In  his  series  of  "  Sketches  made  in  the  Na- 
tional Assembly,"  Victor  Hugo  draws  a  not  too 
flattering  portrait  of  Thiers. 

"  M.  Thiers  wants  to  treat  men,  ideas,  and  revolution- 
ary events  with  parliamentary  routine.  He  plays  his 
old  game  of  constitutional  tricks  in  face  of  abysms  and 
the  dreadful  upheavals  of  the  chimerical  and  unex- 
pected. .  .  .  All  his  life  he  has  been  stroking  cats, 
and  coaxing  them  with  all  sorts  of  cajoling  processes 
and  feline  ways.  To-day  he  is  trying  to  play  the  same 
game,  and  does  not  see  that  the  animals  have  grown 
beyond  all  measure  and  that  it  is  wild  beasts  that  he  is 
keeping  about  him.  A  strange  sight  it  is  to  see  this 
little  man  trying  to  stroke  the  roaring  mussle  of  a  revo- 
lution with  his  little  band.  ...  I  have  always  enter- 
tained towards  this  celebrated  statesman,  this  eminent 
orator,  this  mediocre  writer,  this  narrow-minded  man, 
an  indefinable  sentiment  of  admiration,  aversion,  and 
disdain." 

The  sketch  of  Lamartine  conveys  that  poet's 
own  opinion  of  some  of  his  political  colleagues 
(1850). 

11  During  the  session  Lamartine  came  and  sat  beside 
me  in  the  place  usually  occupied  by  M.  Arbey.  While 
talking,  he  interjected  in  an  undertone  sarcastic  remarks 
about  the  orators  in  the  tribune.  Thiers  spoke.  '  Little 
scamp,'  murmured  Lamartine.  Then  Cavaignac  made 
his  appearance.  '  What  do  you  think  about  him? '  said 
Lamartine.  'For  my  part,  these  are  my  sentiments: 
He  is  fortunate,  he  is  brave,  he  is  loyal,  he  is  voluble  — 
and  he  is  stupid.'  ...  A  moment  later  Jules  Favres 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


357 


ascended  the  tribune.  '  I  do  not  know  how  they  can 
see  a  serpent  in  this  man,'  said  Lamartine.  '  He  is  a 
provincial  academician.'  Laughing  the  while,  he  took 
a  sheet  of  paper  from  my  desk,  asked  me  for  a  pen,  asked 
Savatier-Laroche  for  a  pinch  of  snuff,  and  wrote  a  few 
lines.  This  done,  he  mounted  the  tribune  and  addressed 
grave  and  haughty  words  to  M.  Thiers,  who  had  been 
attacking  the  revolution  of  February.  Then  he  returned 
to  qur  bench,  shook  hands  with  me  while  the  Left  ap- 
plauded and  the  Right  waxed  indignant,  and  calmly 
emptied  the  snuff  in  Savatier-Laroche's  snuffbox  into 
his  own." 

The  author's  account  of  the  siege  of  Paris, 
as  he  saw  and  endured  it,  is  decidedly  interest- 
ing, and  is  made  up  of  extracts  from  note- books, 
private  and  personal  notes  jotted  down  from  day 
to  day.  On  the  whole,  the  volume  is  a  rich  and 
entertaining  one  —  not,  in  form  and  tenor,  just 
what  we  expected  and  hoped  to  find  it,  but  never- 
theless one  which  amply  repays  perusal. 

£.  G.  J. 


MR.  FISKE'S  "DUTCH  AND  QUAKER 
COLONIES."* 

The  latest  addition  to  Mr.  John  Fiske's 
popular  historical  series  is  plainly  marked  by 
the  well-known  characteristics  of  its  author  — 
wide  reading,  affluence  of  interesting  facts  and 
ideas,  firm  grasp  of  materials,  great  literary 
skill,  fondness  for  episodes,  keen  enjoyment  of 
the  picturesque,  much  ingenuity  in  hypothesis 
and  explanation,  proneness  to  generalization, 
ardent  Americanism,  and  greater  conformity  to 
truth  in  the  picture  than  in  the  single  stroke. 
Still  further,  no  subject  that  occurs  in  the  series 
is  better  suited  to  his  peculiar  genius  than  the 
Dutch  and  Quaker  Colonies  ;  perhaps  no  other 
is  so  well  suited  to  it.  Until  recently,  and  even 
now  in  diminished  degree,  the  larger  sources 
of  interest  in  our  early  history  have  been  found 
in  Virginia  and  New  England  —  particularly 
in  New  England,  for  the  reason  in  part,  no 
doubt,  that  New  England  writers  have  con- 
tributed more  than  any  other  group  of  writers 
to  our  historical  scholarship  and  literature ;  but 
discerning  men  are  now  coming  to  see  that,  if 
the  two  great  middle  colonies  exerted  less  po- 
litical influence  down  to  the  Revolution  than 
Virginia  and  Massachusetts,  they  nevertheless 
possess  abundant  elements  that  have  an  interest 
of  their  own.  From  the  point  of  view  fur- 
nished by  the  word  "  people,"  Massachusetts 
and  Connecticut,  and  even  Virginia,  are  tame 
and  monotonous  compared  with  Pennsylvania 

*THB  DUTCH  AND  QUAKER  COLONIES  IN  AMERICA.  By 
John  Fiake.  In  two  volumes,  with  maps.  Boston :  Hough- 
ton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 


or  even  with  New  York.  The  population  of 
New  England  and  Virginia,  being  almost  purely 
English,  was  much  more  homogeneous  than 
that  of  the  English  colonies  ;  the  main  stream 
of  political  development  or  progress  ran  far 
straighter  and  deeper ;  they  were  much  better 
fitted  for  political  leadership  when  a  national 
sentiment  began  to  show  itself,  which  leader- 
ship they  naturally  assumed ;  and  for  these  very 
reasons,  or  at  least  for  some  of  them,  they  are 
less  picturesque  and  poetic  than  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania.  Even  elements  in  these  colonies 
that  are  dull  in  themselves  become  interesting 
when  studied  in  combination.  Such  is  Mr. 
Fiske's  opportunity,  and  he  makes  the  most  of 
it.  Whatever  may  have  been  his  previous 
view,  no  intelligent  reader  of  the  work  is  likely 
to  lay  it  down  thinking  that  either  it  or  the 
subject  is  dull  and  uninteresting. 

The  stereotyped  phrase  "  the  author  plunges 
at  once  into  his  subject  "  will  not  apply  in  this 
case.  The  Introduction  proper  is  two  chapters, 
"  The  Mediaeval  Netherlands  "  and  "  Dutch  In- 
fluence upon  England,"  together  comprising  57 
pages.  While  both  chapters  are  interesting 
and  throw  needed  light  upon  the  subject,  the 
introduction  seems  out  of  proportion  to  the 
body  of  the  work,  especially  as  it  has  no  direct 
bearing  upon  the  history  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
author  lingers  too  long  in  the  index.  He  does 
not  bring  Peter  Minuet  to  Manhattan  until 
page  120  is  reached. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  second  chapter,  we 
are  glad  to  find  Mr.  Fiske  setting  right  those 
good  people  who  have  accepted  the  crude  gener- 
alizations propounded  by  Mr.  Douglass  Camp- 
bell in  his  well-known  book,  "The  Puritan  in 
England,  Holland,  and  America."  Consider- 
ing the  undeniable  facts  that,  collectively,  the 
Thirteen  Colonies  were  English  colonies,  and 
that  the  core  of  the  American  people  has  al- 
ways been  English,  the  proposition  that  their 
most  characteristic  institutions  are  nevertheless 
Dutch  is,  on  the  face  of  it,  a  bold  one  ;  but  such 
is  the  love  of  novelty  and  paradox,  of  bold 
generalization  and  confident  assertion,  strength- 
ened in  this  case,  according  to  our  author,  by 
patriotic  bias  on  the  one  hand  and  anglophobia 
on  the  other,  that  it  has  still  obtained  consider- 
able currency.  And  this  notwithstanding  the 
plain  fact  that  there  was  less  of  democracy  and 
more  of  autocracy  in  New  Netherland  than  in 
any  one  of  the  English  colonies.  Mr.  Fiske  very 
properly  tells  us  that,  in  such  matters,  it  is  im- 
portant to  remember  the  difference  between 
vost  hoc  and  propter  hoc;  and  he  illustrates  it 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


by  the  conclusive  refutation  of  one  of  the  main 
arguments  by  which  Mr.  Campbell  supported 
his  thesis. 

"  For  example,  if  in  the  sixteenth  century  we  find 
free  public  schools  in  operation  in  the  Netherlands  but 
not  in  England,  we  must  beware  of  too  hastily  inferring 
that  the  free  schools  of  New  England  in  the  seven- 
teenth century  were  introduced  or  copied  from  Holland. 
A  different  explanation  is  quite  possible.  One  of  the 
cardinal  requirements  of  democratic  Calvinism  has 
always  been  elementary  education  for  everybody.  In 
matters  of  religion  all  souls  are  equally  concerned,  and 
each  individual  is  ultimately  responsible  for  himself. 
The  Scriptures  are  the  rule  of  life,  and  accordingly 
each  individual  ought  to  be  able  to  read  them  for  him- 
self, without  dependence  upon  priests.  Hence  it  is  one 
of  the  prime  duties  of  a  congregation  to  insist  that  all 
its  members  shall  know  how  to  read,  and  if  necessary 
to  provide  them  with  the  requisite  instruction.  In  ac- 
cordance with  this  Calvinistic  idea  some  form  of  uni- 
versal and  compulsory  elementary  education  sprang  up 
during  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries  wherever 
Calvinism  had  become  dominant, —  in  the  Protestant 
parts  of  France  and  Switzerland,  in  Scotland,  in  the 
Netherlands,  and  in  New  England.  Obviously,  then, 
it  might  be  held  that  free  schools  in  New  England  were 
a  natural  development  of  Calvinism,  and  do  not  neces- 
sarily imply  any  especially  close  relation  with  Holland." 

Mr.  Fiske  by  no  means  denies  that  the  Dutch 
exerted  an  influence  upon  America  indirectly 
through  England  and  directly  through  New 
Netherland  ;  on  the  contrary,  he  concedes  so 
much  influence  that,  in  fact,  he  sometimes  en- 
dangers his  own  distinction  between  post  and 
propter.  However,  the  question  is  one  of  a 
very  difficult  class  of  questions  that  can  be 
answered  only  in  general  terms,  and  men  will 
differ  about  them. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  passages  to  the 
student  of  political  history  is  that  in  which  the 
author  points  out  that  while  Englishmen  in 
America  rose  superior  to  their  former  political 
level  in  England,  Dutchmen  fell  below  theirs 
in  Holland,  and  then  states  his  explanation  of 
the  curious  phenomena.  We  can  only  draw 
attention  to  the  passage,  and  pass  on. 

In  Nornmbega,  Mr.  Fiske  finds  one  of  those 
side  topics  that  never  fail  to  fascinate  him.  He 
devotes  to  it  ten  pages.  The  region,  the  river, 
and  the  town  that  bear  the  name  "  Norumbega" 
roll  about  the  sixteenth  century  maps  in  a  way 
to  discourage  attempts  at  locating  them ;  but 
Mr.  Fiske,  with  his  usual  love  of  solutions, 
happily  succeeds  in  placing  them  all.  The  re- 
gion gives  him  little  trouble ;  but  not  so  the 
river  and  the  town.  He  follows  Mr.  Weise  in 
identifying  the  river  with  the  Hudson,  and 
Mercator  in  placing  the  town  on  Manhattan 
Island.  As  respects  the  town,  it  would  seem 
as  though  this  were  sufficiently  definite  for 


what  is  at  most  little  more  than  a  will-o'-the- 
wisp  ;  but  it  does  not  satisfy  our  author. 

•*  We  further  learn  that  the  French  Fort  of  Norom- 
begue  was  situated  on  a  small  island  [or  partly  sub- 
merged isthmus]  in  a  lake  upon  the  island  of  Manhattan. 
In  other  words,  it  was  a  little  north  of  the  present  City 
Hall.  The  lake,  which  the  Dutch  used  to  call  some- 
times the  Collect,  sometimes  the  Fresh  Water,  was  a 
familiar  feature  in  New  York  until  after  the  present 
century  had  come  in.  John  Fitch  used  it  for  experi- 
ments with  a  small  steamboat  in  1796." 

We  are  then  told  that  "  the  subject  is  not  one 
which  admits  of  dogmatic  assurance." 

The  same  chapter  furnishes  a  second  exam- 
ple of  the  author's  love  of  episodes.  As  intro- 
ductory to  his  narrative  of  Henry  Hudson  and 
his  discoveries,  he  gives  a  lengthy  account  of  a 
group  of  men  in  London,  some  of  them  con- 
nected with  the  Muscovite  Company,  whose 
names  are  spelled  Hudson,  Herdson,  and  some 
thirty  other  ways.  The  question  is  whether 
the  great  navigator  belongs  to  this  family,  if 
indeed  they  constitute  a  family. 

"  Into  the  relationships  of  these  worthies  we  can  go 
just  far  enough  to  be  tantalized,  for  in  matters  of  gen- 
ealogy a  miss  is  as  bad  as  a  mile;  but  there  are  fair 
grounds  for  believing  them  all  to  have  been  kinsmen. 
It  has  been  conjectured  that  Henry  Hudson  the  Navi- 
gator was  the  grandson  of  Alderman  Hudson." 

So  a  "  conjecture  "  only  comes  out  of  the  "  tan- 
talizing" inquiry.  Why,  then,  give  so  much 
space  to  it  ?  This  is  the  answer  : 

"  We  learn  from  documents  collected  by  Hakluyt 
that  it  was  a  custom  for  members  of  the  Muscovy 
Company  to  apprentice  their  children  to  the  art  of  navi- 
gation for  the  Company's  service.  It  therefore  seems 
highly  probable  that  Henry  Hudson,  as  member  of  a 
family  which  had  already  for  two  generations  been  de- 
voted to  the  interests  of  British  navigation,  had  grown 
up  in  the  employ  of  the  Company." 

The  custom  of  the  members  of  the  company  is 
an  interesting  one,  and  we  should  be  glad  to 
know  that  Henry  Hudson  was  bred  up  in  such 
a  service  ;  but  even  Mr.  Fiske,  at  the  beginning 
of  his  inquiry,  finds  the  word  "  conjecture  " 
strong  enough  to  express  his  faith,  although  he 
reaches  "  highly  probable  "  in  the  end,  in  what 
is  at  best  but  a  "  tantalizing  inquiry." 

We  regret  to  see  that  Mr.  Fiske  has  not 
looked  into  schools  and  education  in  New  York 
and  Pennsylvania  as  carefully  as  he  had  pre- 
viously done  in  New  England  and  Virginia. 
This  is  the  more  to  be  regretted  because  it  is 
not  so  very  long  ago  that  educational  circles 
were  somewhat  agitated  by  the  question  of  the 
relative  merits  of  Massachusetts  and  New 
York  in  public  school  pioneering.  He  treats 
of  schools  in  the  United  Netherlands,  but  we 
do  not  recall  a  word  in  regard  to  schools  in 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


359 


New  Netherland.  He  deals  with  Van  der  Donck 
and  his  associates,  but  does  not  mention  the 
significant  words  concerning  a  public  school 
that  they  inserted  in  the  "  Reasons  and  Causes," 
etc.,  that  they  caused  to  be  sent  to  Amsterdam. 
He  does  full  justice  to  the  Quaker  indifference 
to  higher  education,  and  assigns  it  to  its  proper 
cause ;  which  is  an  admirable  example  of  the 
practical  efficacy  of  theological  opinions. 

"  In  spite  of  their  liberalism,  the  Quakers  attached 
far  less  importance  to  education  than  the  Puritans  of 
New  England.  The  majority  of  their  preachers  and 
instructors  were  men  of  high  moral  tone  and  spiritual 
insight  with  scant  learning,  like  George  Fox  himself. 
Fox  used  to  say  that  '  God  stood  in  no  need  of  human 
learning,'  and  that  '  Oxford  and  Cambridge  could  not 
make  a  minister.'  Quakers,  in  studying  the  Bible,  de- 
pended upon  their  Inner  Light  rather  than  that  critical 
interpretation  of  texts  to  which  the  orthodox  Puritans 
attached  so  much  importance.  A  knowledge  of  Hebrew, 
therefore,  was  not  highly  valued;  and  as  for  Greek  and 
Latin  literature,  it  was  the  unsanctified  work  of  pagans, 
while  the  poets  of  France  and  Italy  dealt  with  worldly 
and  frivolous  themes.  In  these  respects  we  must  re- 
member that  Penn  was  as  far  from  being  a  typical 
Quaker  as  Milton,  with  his  pervading  artistic  sense,  his 
love  of  music  and  the  theatre,  and  his  long  curling  hair, 
was  from  being  a  typical  Puritan.  George  Fox  and 
John  Cotton  are  respectively  the  typical  men.  The 
latter,  who  spent  twelve  hours  a  day  in  study,  and  said, 
'  I  love  to  sweeten  my  mouth  with  a  piece  of  Calvin 
before  I  go  to  sleep,'  could  write  and  speak  fluently  in 
Greek,  Latin,  and  Hebrew,  besides  carrying  a  ponderous 
burden  of  philological,  metaphysical,  and  theological 
erudition.  Among  the  Puritan  divines  of  New  England, 
real  scholarship  was  commonly  found,  and  it  was  some- 
times of  a  high  order;  and  this  was  because  sound 
scholarship  was  supposed  to  be  conducive  to  soundness 
in  doctrines.  This  explains  the  founding  of  Harvard 
College  in  the  wilderness  in  1636. 

11  To  the  Quaker,  whose  mind  was  directly  illuminated 
by  light  from  above,  this  elaborate  equipment  was  mere 
rubbish.  It  was,  therefore,  not  strange  that  in  colonial 
times  the  higher  education  in  Pennsylvania  owed  little 
to  Quakers." 

Still,  it  must  be  said  that  not  all  the  early 
Quakers  were  obscurantists  as  respects  the 
higher  education  ;  such  men  as  Barclay,  author 
of  the  "  Apology,"  Ellwood,  who  read  the 
classics  to  Milton  in  his  blindness,  and  Penn 
himself  had  a  genuine  love  of  learning.  Mr. 
Fiske  adds  that  the  Quakers  were  nevertheless 
careful,  as  people  of  practical  sense,  to  teach 
their  children  the  three  R's,  and  speaks  of  the 
early  schools  of  Philadelphia ;  but  he  does  not 
tell  us  that,  although  Penn  strove  to  avert  such 
a  result,  the  Quakers  of  Pennsylvania,  with  the 
full  control  of  the  Assembly  in  their  hands 
down  to  the  Revolution,  still  never  set  up  even 
the  semblance  of  a  public  school  system,  which 
was  really  due  to  their  religion,  and  so  confirms 
the  paragraph  quoted  above.  On  the  other 


hand,  the  Dutch  in  New  York,  while  by  no 
means  establishing  a  common-school  system, 
did  enough  educational  work  to  show  that  they 
were  of  the  Calvinistic  lineage. 

Nor  can  we  think  that  Mr.  Fiske  does  full 
justice  to  the  Pennsylvania  Germans.  The 
German  Bible  that  they  published  at  German- 
town  thirty-nine  years  before  an  English  Bible 
had  appeared  in  any  one  of  the  colonies,  is  just 
one  of  those  facts  that  we  should  have  ex- 
pected Mr.  Fiske  to  pick  up  in  his  reading  ;  but 
he  does  not  seem  to  have  done  so,  or  at  least 
does  not  mention  it. 

We  close  as  we  began :  the  book  is  thor- 
oughly characteristic  of  its  author,  and  will  be 
accounted  one  of  the  brilliant  pieces  of  histor- 
ical writing  of  its  period. 

B.  A.  HlNSDALE. 


THREE-QUARTERS  OF  THE  NINETEENTH 
CENTURY.* 

Mr.  John  Sartain's  u  Reminiscences  of  a  Very 
Old  Man"  cover  the  most  magnificent  period 
of  the  world's  history;  for  surely  never  was 
more  done  for  civilization  than  during  a  life 
which  includes  the  years  from  1808  to  1897. 

Mr.  Sartain  was  born  in  London,  and  there 
spent  his  youth.  His  keen  memory  runs  back 
to  his  sixth  year,  when  he  was  carried  by  his 
father  to  the  Peace  Jubilee  of  1814,  to  view 
the  gay  scenes  by  day  and  the  fireworks  at 
night.  And  then  to  school.  Why  children 
were  sent  to  such  cruel  masters  —  one  of  Sar- 
tain's was  Tom  Crib,  ex- champion  pugilist  of 
England  —  stands  as  a  mystery  to  us  to-day. 
By  the  time  the  lad  was  ten  years  old,  flogging 
—  not  for  demerit,  but  on  the  principle  laid 
down  by  Solomon — had  so  embittered  him  with 
school  that  nothing  could  induce  him  to  go  fur- 
ther with  it.  His  life-work  began  two  years 
later.  While  digging  in  a  trench  in  a  neigh- 
bor's garden,  overlooked  by  the  laboratory  of 
the  Italian  pyrotechnist  and  scene-painter 
Mortram,  that  worthy's  attention  was  attracted 
to  the  vigorous  manner  in  which  young  Sartain 
was  handling  his  shovel  —  the  truth  being  that 
the  boy  was  in  a  fit  of  temper  at  the  time. 
Mortrarn  bespoke  the  services  of  so  diligent  an 
assistant,  and  Sartain  went  to  work  for  him. 

Among  other  things,  Mortram  was  in  charge 
of  the  department  of  "  steam,  smoke,  and  fire  " 
at  Charles  Kemble's  play-house,  the  Theatre 

•RECOLLECTIONS  OF  A  VERT  OLD  MAN:  1808-1897.    By 
John  Sartain.    New  York :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 


:ir,o 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


Royal,  Covent  Garden;  and  the  life  with  him 
was  hard  but  not  monotonous.  The  boy  was 
in  daily  contact  with  the  popular  players  of  the 
day,  Farren,  Abbott,  Mrs.  Chatterton,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Fawcett,  and  the  accomplished  songstress 
Miss  Stephens,  who  was  to  become  Countess  of 
Essex.  Occasionally  Kemble's  lovely  daughter 
Fanny  was  to  be  seen  by  the  admiring  lad,  but 
she  was  too  young  for  any  professional  connec- 
tion with  the  theatre.  Always  fond  of  his 
pencil,  it  was  behind  the  scenes  that  Sartain's 
abilities  obtained  their  first  recognition,  Mort- 
rain  sending  him  to  make  a  sketch  of  the 
"  White  Horse  Cellar  "  in  Piccadilly,  a  view  of 
which  was  wanted  for  a  piece  in  rehearsal. 

Though  sufficiently  contented  with  his  work 
under  Mortrara,  after  various  changes  John 
Sartain  was  apprenticed,  at  the  age  of  fourteen, 
to  John  Swaine,  in  order  to  learn  the  art  of 
engraving.  The  work  was  purely  commercial, 
—  cutting  names  on  door-plates,  dog-collars, 
and  the  like.  But  William  Young  Ottley 
chanced  to  see  some  scraps  of  line-work  from 
the  boy's  hand,  and  borrowed  him  from  his 
master  to  aid  him  in  completing  a  work  begun 
thirty  years  before  in  Rome —  a  piece  of  splen- 
did good-luck  for  his  pupil.  This  was  nothing 
less  than  "The  Early  Florentine  School,"  a 
folio  of  engravings  from  the  works  of  the 
masters  of  Florence,  including  examples  of 
their  best  compositions  during  two  centuries 
and  a  half.  Ottley  was  known  not  only  as  a 
most  learned  antiquary  in  art  matters  but  as 
an  accomplished  artist,  and  within  the  year 
Sartain  had  engraved  three  plates  throughout, 
two  after  Bennozo  Gossoli  and  the  third  after 
Giotto.  This  work,  naturally  congenial,  was 
performed  in  Ottley 's  gallery,  amid  surround- 
ings which  were  in  themselves  an  education. 

Mr.  Sartain  presently  returned  to  Swaine 
and  his  task-work,  but  was  permitted  to  take 
orders  outside,  and  finally  succeeded  in  buying 
off  the  rest  of  his  time.  He  then  became  the 
pupil  of  Richter  for  eight  months,  escaping 
from  that  taskmaster  with  considerable  diffi- 
culty to  set  up  for  himself,  engraving  fancy 
subjects  on  order  from  publishers,  but  finding 
his  greatest  profit  in  individual  portraits.  The 
chance  meeting  with  a  young  engraver  in  stip- 
ple, who  urged  going  to  America,  turned  Sar- 
tain's  thoughts  in  that  direction  ;  and,  after 
marrying  the  daughter  of  Swaine,  he  embarked 
for  Philadelphia  July  4,  1830,  taking  with  him 
an  abundance  of  letters  of  introduction. 

After  satisfying  himself  that  a  livelihood  was 
obtainable  in  Philadelphia,  and  being  greatly 


encouraged  thereby,  Sartain  went  to  New  York 
and  delivered  his  letters  there.  Among  many 
others  he  met  Sully,  the  portrait  painter,  who 
was  warm  in  his  commendation  of  Penu's  capi- 
tal, and  urged  him  to  settle  there,  at  the  same 
time  giving  him  his  portrait  of  Bishop  White 
to  engrave.  With  orders  from  Henry  C.  Carey 
and  Thomas  T.  Ash,  both  publishers,  and  from 
John  Neagle  the  artist,  as  well,  success  was 
already  assured  a  man  of  Sartain's  abilities, 
and  he  henceforth  reckoned  Philadelphia  as  his 
home.  There  are  interesting  tales  of  his  fellow- 
artists,  and  of  the  somewhat  deplorable  con- 
dition of  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  in  Chestnut 
street;  and  we  are  reminded  that  Rebecca,  the 
beautiful  daughter  of  Herman  Gratz,  for  many 
years  Sartain's  colleague  on  the  board  of  the 
Academy,  was  the  original  of  the  Rebecca  in 
Sir  Walter  Scott's  "  Ivanhoe,"  Washington 
Irving  having  told  the  great  novelist  of  her 
many  beauties  of  mind  and  body. 

In  January,  1841,  George  R.  Graham  pub- 
lished the  first  number  of  "Graham's  Maga- 
zine. "  One  of  its  features  was  an  original 
engraving  from  Sartain's  hand,  a  new  plate  to 
accompany  each  number.  The  success  of  the 
enterprise  was  a  surprise  to  Graham  himself, 
and  it  brought  him  so  many  offers  to  engage 
in  enticing  schemes  that  he  soon  left  the 
magazine  to  run  itself.  As  a  result,  in  1848 
everything  was  sold  to  satisfy  his  creditors, 
leaving  the  engraver  the  opportunity  to  begin 
the  publication  of  "Sartain's  Union  Magazine." 

For  eighteen  months  Edgar  Allan  Poe  was 
assistant  editor  of  "Graham's  Magazine,"  with 
a  salary  of  eight  hundred  dollars  a  year ;  and 
there  is  nothing  in  the  book  of  more  interest 
than  the  intimacy  which  grew  up  between  Sar- 
tain and  Poe.  This  lasted  through  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  "  Union  Magazine,"  and  many 
of  Poe's  most  notable  works  found  publication 
in  its  pages,  "  The  Bells  "  among  others.  Mr. 
Sartain  tells  us  that  "Annabel  Lee"  was  the 
last  poem  Poe  ever  wrote.  It  was  bought  for 
his  periodical,  but  before  publication  it  was 
found  that  it  had  already  been  sold  to  three 
other  publishers.  A  most  unhappy  glimpse  of 
the  poet's  compounded  misfortunes  is  told  in 
these  words: 

"The  last  time  I  saw  Mr.  Poe  was  late  in  1849,  and 
then  under  such  peculiar  and  almost  fearful  conditions 
that  the  experience  can  never  fade  from  my  memory. 
Early  one  Monday  afternoon  he  suddenly  entered  my 
engraving  room,  looking  pale  and  haggard,  witli  a  wild 
and  frightened  expression  in  his  eyes.  I  did  not  let 
him  see  that  I  noticed  it,  and  shaking  him  cordially  by 
the  hand  invited  him  to  be  seated,  when  he  began, '  Mr. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


361 


Sartain,  I  have  come  to  you  for  a  refuge  and  protec- 
tion; will  you  let  me  stay  with  you?  It  is  necessary 
to  my  safety  that  I  lie  concealed  for  a  time.'  I  assured 
him  that  he  was  welcome,  that  in  my  house  he  would 
be  perfectly  safe,  and  that  he  could  stay  as  long  as  he 
liked,  but  asked  him  what  was  the  matter.  .  .  .  After 
he  had  had  time  to  calm  down  a  little,  he  told  me  that 
he  had  been  on  his  way  to  New  York,  but  he  had  over- 
heard some  men  who  sat  a  few  seats  back  of  him  plotting 
how  they  should  kill  him  and  then  throw  him  from  the 
platform  of  the  car.  He  said  they  spoke  so  low  that 
it  would  have  been  impossible  for  him  to  hear  and  un- 
derstand the  meaning  of  their  words,  had  it  not  been 
that  his  sense  of  hearing  was  so  wonderfully  acute. 
They  could  not  guess  that  he  heard  them,  as  he  sat  so 
quiet  and  apparently  indifferent  to  what  was  going  on, 
but  when  the  train  arrived  at  the  Bordentown  station 
he  gave  them  the  slip  and  remained  concealed  until 
the  cars  moved  on  again.  He  had  returned  to  Phila- 
delphia by  the  first  train  back,  and  hurried  to  me  for 
refuge." 

Mr.  Sartain  tried  to  reassure  his  guest  by  tell- 
ing him  that  he  had  imagined  all  these  things. 
He  did  more :  he  took  Poe  home  with  him,  gave 
him  his  slippers  to  take  the  place  of  shoes  too 
much  worn  for  further  service,  and  after  sup- 
per took  him  out  to  walk.  Poe  was  at  the  point 
of  suicide,  and  in  no  respect  his  own  master. 
While  they  were  together  that  evening,  others 
of  the  poet's  imaginary  experiences  were  con- 
fided to  his  friend,  one  of  them  in  this  language, 
as  nearly  as  Mr.  Sartain  can  recollect  it: 

" '  I  was  confined  to  a  cell  in  Moyamensing  Prison, 
and  through  my  grated  window  was  visible  the  battle- 
mented  granite  tower.  On  the  topmost  stone  of  the 
parapet,  between  the  embrasures,  stood  perched  against 
the  sky  a  young  female  brightly  radiant,  like  silver 
dipped  in  light,  either  in  herself  or  her  environment, 
so  that  the  cross-bar  shadows  thrown  from  my  window 
were  distinct  on  the  opposite  wall.  From  this  position, 
remote  as  it  was,  she  addressed  to  me  a  series  of  ques- 
tions in  words  not  loud  but  distinct,  and  I  dared  not 
fail  to  hear  and  make  response.  Had  I  failed  once 
either  to  hear  or  to  make  pertinent  answer,  the  con- 
sequences to  me  would  have  been  something  fearful; 
but  my  sense  of  hearing  is  wonderfully  acute,  so  that  I 
passed  safely  through  this  ordeal,  which  was  a  snare  to 
catch  me.' " 

These  imaginings  of  Poe  are  told  at  great 
length,  and  are  all  of  the  same  character. 
Sartain  kept  the  perturbed  spirit  with  him  un- 
til rest  and  good  food  had  worked  a  partial 
recovery,  when  Poe  resumed  his  interrupted 
journey  to  New  York.  Sartain  never  saw  him 
again.  Within  a  month  he  lay  dead  in  the 
hospital  at  Baltimore.  Of  the  last  days  of 
Edgar  Allan  Poe  on  earth,  Sartain  has  this  to 
say — a  statement  which  contradicts  much  that 
has  been  written  of  him,  notably  the  memoir 
of  Professor  Woodbury : 

"  In  those  [last]  few  weeks  how  much  had  happened, 
and  how  hopeful  seemed  the  prospects  for  his  future. 


He  [Poe]  had  joined  a  temperance  society,  delivered 
lectures,  resumed  friendly  relations  with  an  early  flame 
of  his,  Mrs.  Sarah  E.  Shelton,  and  become  engaged  to 
her.  Dr.  John  J.  Moran,  who  attended  the  poet  in  his 
last  moments,  says  that  Poe  parted  from  her  at  her 
residence  in  Richmond  at  four  in  the  afternoon  of  Oct- 
ober 4,  1849,  to  go  north.  She  states  that  when  he 
said  '  good-bye '  he  paused  a  moment  as  if  reflecting, 
and  then  said  to  her,  '  I  have  a  singular  feeling  amount- 
ing to  a  presentiment,  that  this  will  be  our  last  meeting 
until  we  meet  to  part  no  more,'  and  then  walked  slowly 
and  sadly  away.  Reaching  the  Susquehanna,  he  refused 
to  venture  across  because  of  the  wildness  of  the  storm- 
driven  water,  and  he  returned  to  Baltimore.  Alighting 
from  the  cars,  he  was  seen  to  turn  down  Pratt  street  on 
the  south  side,  followed  by  two  suspicious  looking  char- 
acters as  far  as  the  south-west  corner  of  Pratt  and 
Light  streets.  A  fair  presumption  is  that  they  got  him 
into  one  of  the  abominable  places  that  lined  the  wharf, 
drugged  him,  and  robbed  him  of  everything.  After 
daybreak,  on  the  morning  of  the  sixth,  a  gentleman 
found  him  stretched  unconscious  upon  a  broad  plank 
across  some  barrels  on  the  sidewalk.  Recognizing  him, 
he  obtained  a  hack  and  gave  the  driver  a  card  with  Mr. 
Moran's  address  on  it  and  on  the  lower  right-hand  cor- 
ner the  name  of  '  Poe.' 

"  At  the  hospital  he  was  disrobed  of  the  wretched 
apparel  which  had  been  exchanged  for  his  good  clothing 
of  the  day  before,  and  he  was  put  comfortably  to  bed. 
After  consciousness  returned  the  doctor  said  to  him, 
'Mr.  Poe,  you  are  extremely  weak;  pulse  very  low;  I 
will  give  yon  a  glass  of  toddy.'  He  answered,  '  Sir,  if 
I  thought  its  potency  would  transport  me  to  the  Elysian 
bowers  of  the  undiscovered  spirit  world,  I  would  not 
take  it.'  « Then  I  will  give  you  an  opiate  to  ensure  you 
sleep  and  rest.'  He  replied,  '  Twin  sister-spectre  to  the 
doomed  and  crazed  mortals  of  earth  and  perdition.' 
The  doctor  records  he  found  no  tremor  of  his  person, 
no  unsteadiness  of  his  nerves,  no  fidgetting  with  his 
hands,  and  not  the  slightest  odour  of  liquor  on  his 
breath  or  person.  Poe  said  after  a  sip  or  two  of  cold 
water,  '  Doctor,  it's  all  over.'  Dr.  Moran  confirmed 
his  belief  that  his  end  was  near,  and  asked  if  he  had  any 
word  or  wish  for  his  friends.  He  answered,  '  Never- 
more,' and  continued,  <  He  who  arched  the  heavens  and 
upholds  the  universe  has  His  decrees  legibly  written 
upon  the  frontlet  of  every  human  being  and  upon  devils 
incarnate.'  These  were  his  last  words,  his  glassy  eyes 
rolled  back,  a  slight  tremor,  and  the  immortal  soul  of 
Edgar  Allan  Poe  passed  into  the  spirit  world,  October 
7,  1849,  aged  thirty-eight.  The  accepted  statement 
that  Poe  died  in  a  drunken  debauch  is  attested  by  Dr. 
Moran  to  be  a  calumny.  He  died  from  a  chill  caused 
by  exposure  during  the  night  under  a  cold  October  sky, 
clad  only  in  the  thin  old  bombazine  coat  and  trousers 
which  had  been  substituted  for  his  own  warm  clothing." 

Mr.  Sartain  has  an  interesting  paragraph 
on  the  honoraria  paid  to  authors  while  he  was 
publishing  his  magazine.  He  says  : 

"  Longfellow  never  received  less  than  fifty  dollars 
each  for  his  numerous  articles.  Horace  Binney  Wal- 
lace was  paid  forty  dollars  for  his  article  on  Washing- 
ton Irving,  and  Poe  received  forty-five  dollars  for  '  The 
Bells.'  In  the  form  he  first  submitted  it,  consisting  of 
eighteen  lines  of  small  merit,  he  received  fifteen  dollars; 
but  after  he  had  rewritten  and  improved  it  to  a  hun- 
dred and  thirteen  lines  he  was  paid  thirty  dollars  more. 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16r 


Poe   received   thirty  dollars  for  his  article  on   'The 
Poetic  Principle.' 

«•  Dr.  Bethune's  four-page  articles  on  '  Aunt  Betsy  ' 
brought  him  fifty  dollars  each.  Nathaniel  P.  Willis 
and  Joseph  R.  Chandler  received  fifty  dollars  each  for 
their  five  or  six  page  articles,  and  Francis  J.  Grand 
sixty-five  dollars  for  his  article  on  Kossuth.  John  Neal 
was  paid  twenty-five  dollars  for  '  What  is  Poetry? '  and 
Professor  Joseph  Alden  averaged  thirty-five  dollars  for 
each  of  his  contributions.  Miss  Brown  and  Edith  and 
Caroline  May  averaged  about  ten  or  twelve  dollars  a 
poem,  and  William  Do  we  was  content  to  receive  four 
dollars  a  page  for  his  prose,  a  page  holding  nearly  nine 
hundred  words.  Many  poems  of  merit  were  printed 
that  cost  only  five  dollars  each,  it  being  well  understood 
that  the  name  is  valued  as  well  as  the  writing." 

Of  a  most  interesting  journey  abroad  in 
1863,  of  the  founding  of  the  art  schools  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Academy,  of  the  part  taken  in 
the  art  collections  of  the  Centennial  Exposi- 
tion, and  of  many  other  matters  which  have 
left  America  greatly  in  John  Sartain's  debt, 
there  is  no  room  to  speak.  The  book  de- 
serves to  be  read  as  a  whole.  It  is  well 
written,  delightfully  illustrated,  and  an  excel- 
lent compendium  of  art  extending  over  many 
years.  Mr.  Sartain  died  in  Philadelphia,  uni- 
versally regretted,  October  25,  1897. 

MINNA  ANOIER. 


A  MAX  OF  THE  THEOLOGICAL,  RENAIS- 
SANCE IN  NEW  ENGLAND.* 

For  a  generation,  the  memory  of  Horace 
Bushnell  has  been  held  in  reverence  and  grat- 
itude, perhaps  all  the  deeper  because  so  many 
of  his  own  contemporaries  saw  in  him  so  much 
of  heresy  and  danger.  Within  a  certain  group 
of  theologians,  it  is  true,  this  prejudice  still 
holds  sway ;  but  its  existence  is  a  tribute  to 
their  own  Philistine  logic  —  or  "  dodge,"  as 
Jowett  called  the  process.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
there  is  probably  not  to-day  an  evangelical 
thinker  who  is  genuinely  modern  —  that  is,  one 
who  is  moved  by  the  scientific  rather  than  the 
metaphysical  impulse  —  who  would  not  find 
himself  thoroughly  in  sympathy  with  Bush- 
nell's  main  positions. 

It  is  hard  to  imagine  the  New  England  out 
of  which  Bushnell  sprang  and  whose  closely- 
wrought  theology  he  abandoned  first  as  an  ag- 
nostic before  the  Agnostics,  and  then  as  the 
representative  of  religious  life  rather  than  of 
dogma.  Dr.  Munger  has  admirably  described 
the  "New  England  theology"  as  it  strove  to 
44  improve  "  Edwards  ;  to  rationalize  a  Hopkins- 

•HOBACB  BUSHMILL.  PBBACHKR  AMD  THEOLOOIAK.      By 

Theodora  L.  Manger.     Boaton :   Houghton,  Mi/Bin  A  Co. 


ism  whose  shibboleth  was  one's  willingness 
to  be  damned  for  the  glory  of  God  ;  and,  above 
all,  to  share  in  the  incipient  liberating  move- 
ment of  Coleridge  without  giving  up  the  su- 
premacy of  a  logic  "  as  faultless  as  unconvinc- 
ing." From  all  the  algebra  of  the  schools,  Dr. 
Bushnell  appealed  to  experience  and  life.  God 
was  something  more  to  him  than  a  dogma  ;  the 
Trinity,  something  more  than  a  puzzle  for 
metaphysicians ;  and  religion  something  more 
than  tradition.  At  his  best,  he  was  not  a  logi- 
cian, and  his  least  satisfactory  thought  is  that 
in  which,  not  yet  able  to  break  quite  away  from 
the  spirit  of  his  time,  he  deemed  it  necessary 
to  use  the  methods  of  the  formal  thinker.  In 
his  own  estimation,  Bushnell's  chief  duty  un- 
doubtedly lay  in  a  re-statement  of  the  current 
evangelicalism,  from  a  different  point  of  view 
and  with  a  greater  reliance  upon  the  data  fur- 
nished by  nature  and  human  experience.  In 
reality,  he  started  men  toward  the  more  help- 
ful and  rational  if  less  systematic  theology  that 
endeavors  to  re-shape  religious  teaching  on  a 
foundation  broader  than  texts  wrenched  from 
any  portion  of  the  Scripture,  and,  whether 
poetry  or  vision  or  history  or  aspiration  or 
oriental  apalogue,  treated  like  definitions  cast 
in  the  mould  of  Aquinas  or  Calvin,  and  ar- 
ranged according  to  the  inevitable  processes  of 
Aristotle.  And  therefore  it  was  that  he  became 
the  sweetening,  broadening  influence  that  he 
was  and  is, —  a  man  of  the  theological  Renais- 
sance in  New  England. 

It  is  a  matter  of  congratulation  that  Dr. 
Munger  has  told  so  fairly  the  story  of  Dr. 
Bushnell's  life,  with  its  struggles  with  zealous 
critics,  and  has  discussed  his  teachings  so  sym- 
pathetically. For  we  are  not  without  the  dog- 
matist to-day,  and  popular  theology  is  still  in 
need  of  the  emancipation  and  sanity  and  re- 
ligious fervor  that  speaks  in  Bushneirs  treat- 
ises, and  above  all  in  his  sermons. 

SHAILER  MATHEWS. 


Miss  KATHARINE  COMAN  and  Miss  Elizabeth  Kimball 
Kendall  are  the  joint  authors  of  "  A  History  of  England 
for  High  Schools  and  Academies"  (Macmillan).  The  vol- 
ume is  well  fitted  for  the  year's  work  in  English  history 
for  which  the  more  progressive  of  our  secondary  schools 
now  provide,  and  meets  the  corresponding  entrance 
requirements  of  a  number  of  our  universities.  It  is 
a  balanced  book  of  the  modern  type,  so  prepared  as 
to  encourage  collateral  reading  and  the  study  of  the 
sources.  The  illustrations  are  numerous  and  chosen  with 
fair  judgment,  although  the  selection  of  portraits  is  now 
and  then  questionable,  as  in  the  case  of  Mr.  Labouchere. 
The  maps,  of  which  more  than  thirty  are  included,  con- 
stitute a  valuable  educational  feature  of  this  wurk. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


363 


THE  WAR  WITH  SPAIN,  AND  AFTER.* 

The  later  books  dealing  with  the  war  with  Spain 
and  its  results  differ  for  the  most  part  from  those 
reviewed  in  THE  DIAL  soon  after  the  cessation  of 
hostilities.  Nearly  all  the  works  having  historical 
pretension  make  an  honest  attempt  to  deal  fairly 
with  the  facts,  omitting  self-praise  and  commenting 
adversely  upon  some  of  the  details  of  our  conduct 
of  the  war,  on  the  one  side ;  while  on  the  other,  a 
glittering  imperialism  leads  to  the  bewilderment  of 
history  in  the  volumes  dealing  with  the  war  at 
second-hand,  and  arguments  strange  to  American 
ears  are  used  to  bolster  up  European  ideas  of  colo- 
nies and  conquests. 

Mr.  Henry  Cabot  Lodge's  account  of  "  The  War 
with  Spain  "  exhibits  him  as  an  ardent  partisan 
and  a  good  hater,  with  but  little  of  the  historian's 
patience  in  research  or  capacity  for  impartiality. 
His  book  is  sometimes  violent,  frequently  unfair, 
and  often  untrue.  He  professes  a  seventh-day 
admiration  for  Great  Britain  which  leaves  us  won- 
dering for  his  sincerity ;  while  in  Spain  he  sees 
neither  the  gallant  adversary  nor  the  defeated  foe, 
but  rather  the  sum  of  all  iniquities  brought  low 
by  the  decrees  of  Jehovah.  His  admiration  for 
Great  Britain  he  shares  with  admiration  for  Rear- 
Admiral  Sampson,  while  his  detestation  of  Spain 
includes  a  detestation  of  Rear-Admiral  Schley. 
Holding  a  brief  for  the  one,  he  does  not  scruple  to 
write  the  other  down,  et  suppressio  veri  et  suggestio 
falsi  being  freely  used  to  that  end.  The  result  is 
unhappy ;  yet  the  book  is  so  generally  inaccurate 
that  these  things  are  merely  incidental.  By  way  of 
example,  Mr.  Lodge  makes  it  appear  (page  20)  that 
President  Cleveland  was  blameworthy  for  respecting 
the  nation's  treaty  obligations  with  Spain  in  respect 
of  filibustering ;  he  suppresses  all  mention  of  the 
representation  of  the  Six  Great  Powers  of  Europe 
to  President  McKinley  on  April  7,  1898,  though 
such  action  is  as  mischievous  in  its  possibilities  as 
it  is  unprecedented  in  our  history ;  he  makes  no 
mention  of  Spain's  offer  to  arbitrate  its  differences 
with  this  country  and  our  absolutely  unexplained 
refusal  of  that  request ;  be  quotes  (page  31)  Cap- 

*  THE  WAR  WITH  SPAIN.  By  Henry  Cabot  Lodge.  New 
York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  ROUGH  RIDERS.  By  Theodore  Roosevelt.  New  York : 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

REMINISCENCES  OF  THE  SANTIAGO  CAMPAIGN.  By  Captain 
John  Bigelow,  U.  S.  A.  New  York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  FUN  AND  FIGHTING  OF  THE  ROUGH  RIDERS.  By  Tom 
Hall.  New  York  :  F.  A.  Stokes  Co. 

OUR  CONQUESTS  IN  THE  PACIFIC.  By  Oscar  King  Davis. 
New  York :  F.  A.  Stokes  Co. 

PUERTO  Rico:  ITS  CONDITIONS  AND  POSSIBILITIES.  By 
William  Dinwiddie.  New  York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  NEW  BORN  CUBA.  By  Franklin  Mathews.  New 
York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

AMERICA  IN  THE  EAST.  By  William  Elliot  Griffis.  New 
York :  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co. 

THE  RESCUE  OF  CUBA.  By  Andrew  S.  Draper,  LL.D. 
New  York :  Silver,  Burdett  &  Co. 


tain  Sigsbee's  mere  surmise  as  positive  proof  that 
Spanish  officials  had  guilty  knowledge  of  the 
Maine's  destruction  ;  he  follows  the  new  fashion  of 
decrying  the  fathers  of  the  country  and  the  Decla- 
ration of  Independence  by  calling  the  Congressional 
resolution  "  That  the  people  of  the  Island  of  Cuba 
are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be,  free  and  independent," 
"  purely  rhetorical "  just  as  it  was  "  when  Richard 
Henry  Lee  first  read  it  to  the  Continental  Con- 
gress "  (page  42)  ;  he  invents  (page  51)  bright 
moonlight  for  the  end  of  Admiral  Dewey's  voyage 
on  the  night  of  April  30, 1898,  and,  having  invented 
it,  is  forced  to  invent  a  stoppage  of  the  American 
squadron  off  Corregidor  until  the  supposititious 
moon  can  set ;  he  blames  (page  77)  Congress,  the 
people,  and  the  press,  for  the  scandals  in  the  various 
bureaus  of  the  War  Department  —  though  he  is 
careful  not  to  mention  what  these  were  nor  the  fatal 
results  which  flowed  from  them  —  when  it  is  certain 
that  it  lay  within  the  powers  of  the  Chief  Executive 
to  do  away  with  the  cause  of  them ;  he  omits  all 
statement  of  the  outrageous  nepotism  which  put  the 
"sons of  somebody"  (a Spanish  phrase)  in  positions 
for  which  they  were  unfitted ;  he  actually  blames 
Schley  (page  89,  note)  because  Sampson  did  not 
furnish  the  Navy  Department  with  a  copy  of  the 
note  in  which  he  orders  Schley  to  remain  off  Cien- 
fuegos ;  he  omits  the  date  of  Hobson's  sinking  the 
Merrimac ;  he  asserts  an  absolute  untruth  in  saying 
that  Sampson  was  within  "  easy  signal  distance  "  of 
the  American  ships  throughout  the  battle  of  July  3 
(page  138),  and  so  on,  with  blunders,  embellishments, 
exaggerations,  and  untruths  of  the  same  sort  on 
nearly  every  page.  But  those  who  recall  the  atti- 
tude of  Mr.  Lodge  toward  Great  Britain,  patent  in 
his  speeches  in  Congress  and  his  previous  books  at 
all  times,  will  wonder  most  at  the  comfort  he  can 
now  extract  from  England's  "  old  red  ensign,"  now 
"  looking  very  friendly  and  very  welcome,"  and  at 
his  open  advocacy  of  an  alliance  with  that  once 
detested  power.  He  is  seemingly  unaware  of  that 
better  English  opinion,  voiced  by  the  poet  upon  our 
declaration  of  war,  thus  : 

"  The  sly  Freebooters  of  the  Earth 

Open  their  ranks,  to  welcome  in 
The  youngest  Race  God  brought  to  birth, 
By  serpent  reasons  lured  to  sin. 

" '  Peace  and  goodwill ' — the  promise  failed 

As  soon  as  made,  erased  with  gore ; 
And  once  again  the  Christ  is  haled 
Behind  the  reeking  wheels  of  war." 

Governor  Roosevelt's  account  of  his  regiment, 
"The  Rough  Riders,"  is  surcharged  with  that  en- 
thusiasm which  has  characterized  his  public  life. 
Other  regiments  have  been  more  famous  in  history, 
but  none  illustrates  so  thoroughly  the  possibilities 
of  modern  newspaper  advertisement  as  his.  That 
it  surpassed  by  even  a  little  many  of  the  other 
commands,  both  regular  and  volunteer,  in  any  re- 
spect save  in  the  publicity  given  its  movements,  no 
one  is  quicker  to  deny  than  its  gallant  colonel  here ; 
that  it  did  anything  more  than  its  duty,  he  is  no  less 


3G4 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


eager  to  contradict ;  yet  this  is  the  second  or  third 
large  volume  devoted  exclusively  to  the  history  of 
this  one  regiment.  Such  chronicling  certainly 
tends  toward  giving  a  disproportionate  sense  of 
even  its  great  deserts,  just  as  the  stress  laid  upon 
its  somewhat  miscellaneous  personnel  is  likely  to 
leave  the  impression  that  American  volunteer  regi- 
ments generally  are  not  taken  from  widely  varied 
classes  —  of  which  we  used  not  to  hear  so  much  — 
in  the  communities  which  send  them  forth.  If  the 
book  does  not  err  on  the  side  of  modesty,  it  is  cer- 
tainly readable,  and  the  men  it  celebrates  deserve 
well  at  the  hands  of  their  countrymen. 

An  admirable  book  in  nearly  all  respects  is  the 
"  Reminiscences  of  the  Santiago  Campaign  "  which 
Captain  John  Bigelow,  U.  S.  A.,  has  felt  impelled  to 
write.  Brother  to  that  Mr.  Poulteney  Bigelow 
whose  patriotic  outspokenness  respecting  the  lack 
of  preparation  for  the  Santiago  campaign  earned 
the  criticism  of  Mr.  R.  H.  Davis  and  others,  Cap- 
tain Bigelow  is  equally  plain  in  his  arraignment  of 
the  authorities  for  permitting  this  and  other  similar 
abuses.  Yet  he  permits  himself  to  be  distracted 
from  the  real  issue  by  holding  the  people  to  blame 
for  the  political  appointments  to  military  positions, 
advancing  proof  of  this  by  showing  that  Congres- 
sional influence  was  generally  at  work.  Similar 
attempts  have  been  made  to  hold  the  former  Secre- 
tary of  War  accountable  for  such  errors.  Unless 
we  are  to  go  to  the  point  of  a  responsible  min- 
istry and  an  impeccable  head  of  the  government  at 
a  breath,  it  requires  nothing  more  than  re-statement 
to  show  that  the  Chief  Executive  is  constitutionally 
responsible  in  these  cases,  and  not  his  subordinates 
and  appointees,  nor  yet  the  Congress.  The  con- 
cluding chapter  in  the  book  is  of  great  value,  and 
Captain  Bigelow  should  be  listened  to  when  he 
avers  the  possibility  of  increasing  the  efficiency  of 
our  regular  army  at  least  three-tenths,  without 
adding  to  its  numbers  —  as  so  many  seem  eager 
to  do  in  the  face  of  all  national  tradition. 

Tom  Hall,  well  known  to  the  readers  of  the 
lighter  magazines  as  a  frequent  contributor  in  both 
prose  and  verse,  was  adjutant  of  the  First  United 
States  Volunteer  Cavalry  during  the  Cuban  war. 
He  supports  Captain  Bigelow  by  the  relation  of  his 
experiences  in  Cuba,  which  he  calls  "  The  Fun  and 
Fighting  of  the  Rough  Riders."  The  "  fun,"  it  is 
curious  to  relate,  was  afforded  largely  by  the  blun- 
ders of  the  regular  soldiers  under  officers  who,  like 
Mr.  Hall,  were  graduates  of  the  Military  Academy 
at  West  Point.  He  bears  witness  to  the  mass  of 
inaccurate  writing  which  has  overwhelmed  the  his- 
tory of  the  Santiago  campaign,  saying: 

"  Accounts  agree  on  almost  everything  that  happened 
in  the  campaign  up  to  the  morning  of  the  24th  of  June, 
1898,  the  day  of  the  battle  of  Guasimas  —  battle,  skir- 
mish, surprise,  ambush,  glorious  victory,  waste  of  en- 
ergy, whichever  the  reader  chooses  to  call  it  from  his 
point  of  view.  From  this  time  on  to  the  true*,  ten  days 
later,  no  two  persons  seem  to  agree.  Heroism,  Ability, 
Incompetence,  Ambition,  Jealousy,  and  their  train  of 


attendants,  suddenly  strode  from  the  wings  to  the  stage, 
and  struggled  for  the  centre  and  the  rays  of  the  lime- 
light. And  no  sooner  did  the  curtain  fall  on  the  scene 
than  the  characters  grabbed  pen  and  ink  and  begaa 
writing  about  it.  The  result  is  a  mass  of  historical  data 
fairly  appalling  in  its  contradictory  evidence.  The  ef- 
fect of  all  this  upon  the  present  scribe  is  such  that  he 
can  look  upon  all  history  with  a  dubious  smile  and  ex- 
claim at  each  volume,  •  I  wonder  why  you  wrote  this,'  and 
'  I  wonder  why  you  wrote  that.'  Men  who  saw  little  or 
nothing  of  the  events  of  the  next  ten  days  have  written 
the  most  surprising  things,  and  men  who  were  near 
enough  to  see  have  written  absolutely  amazing  things 
about  them.  The  campaign  was  a  short  one,  but  the 
history  that  records  it  will  be  a  long  one." 

Mr.  Hall,  at  least,  does  not  fear  to  tell  the  truth. 
His  estimate  of  Guasimas  can  be  told  from  the 
foregoing;  £1  Caney  he  calls  "a  useless  victory, 
won  at  an  awful  cost "  ;  and  the  siege  of  Santiago 
and  the  previous  fighting  are  summarized  in  a  preg- 
nant sentence :  "  A  siege  without  siege  guns  was 
the  logical  climax  of  a  battle  without  tactics  and  a 
campaign  without  strategy."  If  the  nation  were 
not  so  slow  to  see  that  luck  was  the  chief  factor  in 
American  success  in  Cuba,  military  reform  would 
be  possible. 

A  work  of  another  sort,  though  no  less  interest- 
ing than  the  best  of  the  others,  "  Our  Conquests  in 
the  Pacific,"  is  a  reprint  in  book  form  of  the  letters 
sent  to  the  New  York  "  Sun  "  from  May  to  Decem- 
ber, 1898,  by  its  correspondent  in  the  Philippines, 
Mr.  Oscar  King  Davis.  Reflecting  as  a  matter  of 
course  the  pronounced  attitude  toward  the  war 
which  his  paper  identified  itself  with,  Mr.  Davis 
still  gives  estimates  of  the  Filipino  patriots  which 
are  highly  encouraging  to  those  advocating  local 
self-government.  It  is  interesting  to  be  told  that 
Major-General  Wesley  Merritt  is  not  greedy  for  the 
sort  of  fame  which  is  falling  upon  the  shoulders  of 
Major-General  Otis.  The  author,  it  may  be  added, 
was  one  of  the  men  who  protested  recently  against 
the  latter  officer's  suppression  and  distortion  of  news. 

Calm,  dispassionate,  and  statistical,  Mr.  William 
Dinwiddie  still  depends  largely  upon  profuse  illus- 
tration to  make  his  work  on  Porto  Rico  attractive. 
The  fourth  or  fifth  of  recent  works  treating  of  this 
island,  it  is  by  much  the  most  inclusive.  Here, 
too,  the  actions  of  the  American  authorities  is  sub- 
jected to  searching  criticism, —  as  in  the  case  of 
Major-General  Miles's  startling  decree  fixing  the 
value  of  the  native  peso  at  fifty  cents  American. 
Yet  he  permits  the  attitude  of  the  Chief  Executive 
in  leaving  the  ports  of  the  island  to  remain  closed 
against  American  imports,  and  the  ports  of  the 
United  States  to  remain  similarly  closed  against 
Porto  Rican  exports,  to  pass  without  animadversion. 
Nothing  is  said,  except  in  the  most  general  terms, 
of  the  distress  resulting,  which  was  already  acute 
when  the  summer  hurricane  brought  the  suffering 
to  the  point  of  agony. 

"The  New- Born  Cuba"  of  Mr.  Franklin  Ma- 
thews  differs  from  the  preceding  volume  in  being 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


365 


largely  the  work  of  a  newspaper  man  who  is  report- 
ing the  condition  of  the  island  during  the  first  sixty 
days  of  American  occupation  as  seen  through  the 
eyes  of  the  officials  in  charge  of  its  new  destinies. 
The  author  evidently  believes  that  the  Congressional 
resolution  which  pledges  the  United  States  to  take 
possession  of  the  island  for  no  longer  time  than 
will  suffice  "  for  the  pacification  thereof  "  should 
be  interpreted  to  mean  "  for  the  permanent  pacifi- 
cation thereof  "  —  which  will,  of  course,  mean  any- 
thing the  Administration  chooses  to  have  it  mean. 
Deriving  his  impressions  from  the  military  men  in 
•harge  of  Cuba,  his  report  is  exceedingly  favorable 
to  the  work  they  have  done,  which,  indeed,  appears 
to  have  been  excellently  well  done  for  the  most 
part.  He  bears  ample  testimony  to  the  fact  that 
there  is  no  disorder  throughout  the  extent  of  Cuba 
at  this  time,  and  is  frank  enough  to  report  those 
American  generals  correctly  who  believe  in  with- 
drawing now,  and  leaving  its  inhabitants  to  work 
out  their  own  salvation  like  the  rest  of  Latin 
America. 

Doctor  Griffis's  "America  in  the  East"  is  an 
intelligent  but  not  too  accurate  summary  of  what 
the  United  States  has  stood  for  in  China,  Japan, 
and  Hawaii,  overlaid  with  much  special  pleading  for 
the  conquest  of  the  Philippines  in  order  that  the 
archipelago  may  be  joined  to  our  national  domain. 
The  annexation  of  Hawaii  is  gloried  in,  of  course, 
distrustful  as  it  must  make  the  world  of  the  dis- 
interestedness of  the  American  missionary.  All 
our  historical  precedents  are  passed  by,  of  necessity, 
in  order  to  uphold  the  policy  which  is  to  give  us 
"empire."  Holding  that  the  tropics  are  not  to  be 
exploited  by  the  white  man  at  the  brown  man's 
expense,  the  author  still  appeals  to  the  conduct  of 
the  English  and  Dutch  in  eastern  countries  in  justi- 
fication of  our  own  highhandedness.  Mr.  Benja- 
min Kidd's  "  Control  of  the  Tropics "  is  quoted 
approvingly  up  to  the  moment  his  argument  be- 
comes effective,  then  ignored  in  favor  of  intangi- 
bilities. History  is  defied  in  the  surprising  theory 
that  "responsibilities  bring  with  them  the  capacity 
for  meeting  them,"  and  the  case  of  President 
Arthur  is  cited  against  the  awful  object-lessons  of 
American  misconduct  in  Alaska  and  Hawaii,  as  in 
our  national  dealings  with  the  Indian  and  the  Negro, 
which  show  this  to  be  the  most  pitiable  and  con- 
temptible of  fallacies.  It  is  a  pity  that  it  should 
be  obligatory  here,  in  the  face  of  Dr.  Griffis's  other 
works,  to  pronounce  such  a  judgment,  but  this  last 
book  of  his  is  a  specious  appeal  away  from  historical 
facts  and  American  ideals  to  the  least  worthy  preju- 
dices of  evangelical  Christianity. 

Doctor  Draper,  in  his  book  on  "  The  Rescue  of 
Cuba,"  follows  in  the  same  uneasy  path.  He  extols 
the  war  with  Spain  as  a  precedent  in  favor  of  liberty, 
humanity,  and  justice, —  ignoring  completely  and 
conveniently  the  precedents  to  the  contrary  estab- 
lished by  the  war  of  conquest  now  waging  against 
our  truculent  fellow-citizens,  the  Tagalos,  or  by  the 
payment  of  tribute  to  our  new  suzerain,  the  Sultan 


of  Sulu.  This  leads  the  author,  when  he  comes  to 
discuss  imperialism,  to  limit  the  objections  of  those 
who  stand  upon  the  uniform  precedents  of  the 
United  States  up  to  the  moment  of  the  sinking  of 
Montojo's  fleet  to  a  single  brief  paragraph,  while 
he  sets  forth  with  evident  approval  some  pages  of 
arguments  favoring  a  completion  of  the  conquest 
which  Spain  had  found  impossible.  He  urges  that 
"  the  capture  of  a  seat  of  government  ...  is  con- 
sidered to  carry  with  it  the  territory  of  which  it 
is  the  capital  city,"  though  Washington  was  as 
ignorant  of  this  during  the  Revolutionary  war,  so 
far  as  Boston,  New  York,  or  Philadelphia  was  con- 
cerned, as  Madison  was  in  respect  of  the  city  of 
Washington  or  the  Canadians  of  the  city  of  York 
in  the  war  of  1812,  or  the  Confederates  concerning 
Richmond  in  the  Civil  war,  or  the  Spanish  respect- 
ing Havana  or  San  Juan  de  Puerto  Rico  in  the  war 
just  past.  After  such  a  misreading  of  history  as 
that,  one  expects  to  find  German  spoliation  of  French 
territory  advanced  as  a  valid  precedent  for  Ameri- 
cans to  follow.  This  is  the  first  of  a  series  of 
European  examples  which  we  belated  Americans 
are  urged  to  emulate :  the  islands  are  rich  and  un- 
developed, so  it  is  our  duty  to  develop  them,  regard- 
less of  compulsory  native  or  coolie  labor.  The 
islands  must  be  occupied  for  military  purposes  and 
"to  enlarge  our  power  upon  the  seas,"  a  power 
which  will  not  require  enlargement  if  we  leave  them 
to  their  occupants.  The  islands  must  be  ours  so 
that  we  can  spread  the  gospel  among  the  heathen 
—  or  Roman  Catholics,  as  in  Mexico  —  the  good 
doctor  forgetting  that  he  has  shown  just  before,  in 
treating  of  the  Carolines,  that  this  result  was  there 
effected  by  simple  treaty.  The  islands  must  be 
ours  because  civil  turmoil  would  ensue  upon  our 
withdrawal,  our  present  administration  of  them 
apparently  leaving  nothing  to  be  desired  in  this 
respect.  The  islands  must  become  American  be- 
cause "  we  are  bound  to  establish  free  institutions 
where  American  soldiers  have,  against  armed  re- 
sistance, carried  the  American  flag" — as  prepos- 
terous an  argument  as  was  ever  used  to  bolster  a 
bad  cause,  being  absolutely  disproved  by  our  sensi- 
ble refusal  to  attempt  any  such  thing  in  the  Bar- 
bary  States,  in  Canada,  in  Mexico,  and  in  numerous 
minor  instances  of  the  same  sort  extending  over 
our  entire  national  history.  Then  comes  the  curious 
statement  that  our  policy  up  to  the  present  time,  the 
policy  under  which  we  have  acquired  our  one  great- 
ness in  a  national  reputation  for  generosity  and 
peacefulness,  is  finally  outgrown,  and  "the  time  has 
come  when  our  national  interests  require  we  shall 
take  our  place  among  the  nations  and  assume  our 
part  in  managing  the  affairs  of  the  whole  world," 
with  a  great  deal  more  about  "  obeying  the  impulses 
of  our  Saxon,  Dutch,  and  Norman  blood"  (why 
not  our  Quaker  and  other  Christian  blood?)  ;  and 
the  most  extraordinary  statement  of  all,  that  we 
ought  to  hold  the  Philippines  because  continental 
Europe  in  general  and  Great  Britain  in  particular 
wish  us  to !  Shades  of  the  Fathers !  was  Washing- 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


ton,  then,  so  far  wrong  when  he  said  in  the  moat 
solemn  manner,  "  Against  the  insidious  wiles  of 
foreign  influence,  I  conjure  you  to  believe  me, 
fellow  citizens,  the  jealousy  of  a  free  people  ought 
to  be  constantly  awake,  since  history  and  experience 
prove  that  foreign  influence  is  one  of  the  most  bane- 
ful foes  of  Republican  Government  "  ? 

WALLACE  RICK. 


Mr.  Bulltn'i 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 

We  see  no  reason  for  the  excessive 
"  'umbleness  "  manifested  by  Mr. 
Frank  T.  Bullen  in  the  preface  to 
his  new  book,  "  The  Log  of  a  Sea-Waif  "  ( Apple- 
ton).  Mr.  Bullen  starts  out  by  meekly  kotowing 
to  certain  sea-writers,  all  but  one  of  whom  are,  as 
such,  in  almost  every  respect  his  own  inferiors  ;  and 
he  then  indignantly  asks  himself,  "  Who,  then,  are 
you,  that  pretends  to  compete  with  these  master 
magicians?"  Not  content  with  this  immodest  ex- 
hibition of  modesty,  he  goes  on  to  further  abase 
himself  by  describing  himself  as  one  "permitted  to 
cater  for  the  reading  public  in  sterling  periodicals  " 
by  "the  greatest  kindness  and  indulgence  on  the 
part  of  men  "  (editors  and  publishers,  we  suppose) 
•'  holding  high  positions  in  the  literary  world  " ;  and 
he  winds  up  by  styling  bis  book  the  "  autobiography 
of  a  nobody."  "  Please  don't  kick  me,"  says  the 
donkey  in  Sterne,  "  but  if  you  will  you  may."  Now 
is  Mr.  Bullen,  a  mariner  who  has  sailed  the  brine 
for  years  and  lived  on  "salt  horse"  for  ever  so 
many  months  at  a  stretch,  still  "fresh"  enough  to 
fancy  that "  kindness  and  indulgence  "  have  anything 
at  all  to  do  with  the  appearance  of  his  writings  in 
"  sterling  periodicals,"  or  that  any  publisher  in  the 
world  would  print  his  copy  out  of  charitable  motives  ? 
If  he  does  think  so,  we  advise  him  earnestly  to  learn 
the  ropes  of  his  new  calling  with  all  possible  speed, 
and  we  recommend  Sir  Walter  Besant  as  a  man 
from  whom  he  can  obtain  some  useful  points  in 
practical  navigation.  Perhaps,  however,  Mr.  Mul- 
len's prefatory  parade  of  humility  is,  as  A.  Ward 
used  to  say,  "wrote  sarkastikul  ";  and  we  hope  it 
is.  The  book  thus  apologetically  launched  by  Mr. 
Bullen  is,  to  our  thinking,  in  several  important  par- 
ticulars, and  perhaps  we  may  say  on  the  whole,  the 
best  one  he  has  yet  given  us.  The  best  chapters 
—  that  is  to  say,  the  really  descriptive  and  truth- 
telling  chapters  —  in  the  capital  "Cruise  of  the 
Cachalot "  are  better,  mainly  because  newer  and 
more  picturesque,  than  any  of  the  chapters  in  "  The 
Log  of  a  Sea- Waif."  But  the  former  book  con- 
tained an  objectionable  element  of  melodrama  and 
rather  cheap  sensationalism  from  which  the  latter 
is  free.  "  The  Log  of  a  Sea- Waif "  is  strictly  au- 
tobiographical, the  plain  narrative  of  the  experiences 
of  the  first  four  years  of  the  author's  life  as  a  sailor 
in  the  British  merchant  service,  and  therefore  in 
some  sort  a  British  counterpart  of  the  American 


of  Shaketptart. 


Dana's  "Two  Years  Before  the  Mast"— for,  it  is 
perhaps  needless  to  say,  Mr.  Bullen  began  at  the 
bottom  rung  —  or,  rather,  ratline  —  of  the  maritime 
ladder ;  namely,  as  cabin-boy.  His  first  ship  was 
the  "  Arabella,"  bound  for  Demarara,  a  leaky  old 
"  hooker  "  (heavily  insured,  probably,  by  her  thrifty 
owners)  commanded  by  a  skipper  whone  good-will 
toward  Mr.  Bullen  took  the  painful  form  of  beating 
nautical  wisdom  into  his  head  with  belay  ing-pins, 
and  seasoning  his  young  "  hide  "  against  the  stripes 
of  fortune  with  rope's-ends,  on  the  plan  so  splen- 
didly vindicated  in  the  person  of  the  immortal 
Bunsby.  Subsequent  voyages  took  Mr.  Bullen  to 
Havana,  to  Jamaica,  back  to  London  and  Liver- 
pool, to  Bombay,  to  Rangoon,  to  Melbourne,  etc. 
The  regular  routine  of  the  British  merchant  sailor's 
life  is  graphically  and  faithfully  depicted,  in  good, 
plain  English,  and  with  a  sufficient  spice  of  wholly 
believable  yet  sufficiently  stirring  adventure,  afloat 
and  ashore.  In  short,  Mr.  Bullen's  book  is  just 
the  sort  of  one  we  hoped  he  would  write ;  and  we 
trust  that  his  "  So  long ! "  at  its  close  implies  that 
it  will  be  continued.  There  are  eight  illustrations. 

It  will  hardly  be  expected  that  we 
shall  do  complete  justice  to  a  new 
book  on  Shakespeare's  Sonnets  in  a 
single  short  notice.  We  shall  try  to  indicate  one 
point  only  concerning  Mr.  Jesse  Johnson's  "  Testi- 
mony of  the  Shakespearean  Sonnets"  (Putnam) 
which  has  hitherto  prevented  our  accepting  the  the- 
ory presented  in  it.  We  think  it  necessary  for  any 
theory  which  would  replace  an  accepted  idea  that 
it  shall  have  less  difficulty  in  the  way  of  belief  than 
the  view  it  seeks  to  displace.  The  ordinary  view 
of  Shakespeare's  sonnets  presents  some  striking  dif- 
ficulties, and  Mr.  Johnson  calls  our  attention  to 
some  difficulties  with  which  we  have  not  been  fa- 
miliar—  possible  inconsistencies,  internal  and  ex- 
ternal. But  though  such  matters  may  make  it 
harder  to  hold  to  our  former  conviction,  they  seem 
to  us  to  pale  in  difficulty  before  the  state  of  things 
which  Mr.  Johnson  imagines  in  their  stead.  If  Mr. 
Johnson  be  right,  we  must  conceive  a  great  poet 
writing  plays  and  poems  and  giving  them  to  the 
world  under  the  name  of  somebody  else  —  of  Will- 
iam Shakespeare — with  such  perfect  self-abnegation 
that  no  whisper  of  the  real  state  of  things  reached 
the  world.  This  is  something  quite  inconsistent 
with  our  usual  idea  of  a  poet ;  something  that  has 
not  been  known  to  happen  since  the  world  began. 
The  case  of  Homer  (if  he  were  not  the  author  of 
the  Homeric  poems)  is  not  an  analogy,  nor  the  case 
of  Chatterton,  nor  of  Macpherson.  nor  of  Ireland, 
nor  of  the  letters  of  Junius,  nor  of  Pope's  Odyssey, 
nor  of  the  Portuguese  Sonnets,  nor  even  the  theory 
of  the  Baconian  authorship.  The  only  similar  case 
we  think  of,  and  that  in  a  minor  way,  is  that  of 
Sidney  Carton  in  "A  Tale  of  Two  Cities."  The 
idea  has  not  the  confirmation  of  analogy  ;  and  be- 
ing on  its  face  improbable,  it  offers  a  great  difficulty 
to  the  sober-minded.  That  is  no  reason,  however, 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


367 


why  it  should  not  be  held  if  necessary.  But  the 
only  reason  that  it  should  be  necessary  to  try  to  hold 
this  difficult  opinion  is  the  difficulty  of  believing 
certain  other  matters  of  poetic  psychology ;  as,  for 
instance,  that  the  poet  should  call  himself  much 
older  than  his  friend  when  really  only  nine  years 
older  (p.  37)  ;  that  he  should  sometimes  have 
thought  of  himself  as  old,  past  his  prime,  something 
of  a  failure,  when  only  thirty  or  thirty-five  years 
old  (pp.  38-43)  ;  that,  being  of  the  temper  we 
should  infer  from  external  evidence,  he  should  ap- 
pear in  his  lyric  poetry  to  be  anxious,  downcast, 
timid  (p.  60)  ;  that  he  should  have  written  these 
sonnets  to  the  Earl  of  Southampton  without  any 
allusion  to  the  brilliant  circumstances  of  the  latter's 
life  (p.  80).  These  points,  and  others,  do  not  seem 
so  very  difficult  to  us  ;  but  whatever  difficulty  they 
have  in  Mr.  Johnson's  mind  is  of  the  same  kind  as 
the  difficulty  in  our  mind  (and  we  should  say  in 
the  mind  of  anyone  else),  attending  the  conception 
of  a  great  unknown  poet  who  allowed  William 
Shakespeare  to  appropriate  as  his  own  the  most  re- 
markable works  of  literature.  In  other  words,  Mr. 
Johnson  would  do  away  with  the  usual  conception 
by  means  which,  if  applied  to  his  own  idea,  would 
sweep  it  forever  from  the  memory  even  of  mankind. 
Such  and  such  things,  he  believes,  could  not  have 
readily  happened  (although  a  true  knowledge  of 
almost  any  poet's  mind  would  probably  reveal  a 
hundred  parallel  cases),  and  therefore  he  prefers  to 
believe  something  so  unheard  of  that  if  it  had  been 
the  case  it  would  be  the  only  thing  of  its  kind  in 
the  history  of  the  world.  This  explanation  of  a 
difficult  matter  is  far  more  difficult  to  conceive  than 
the  original  difficulty  itself.  Mr.  Johnson  offers 
evidence  which  he  says  "  would  authorize  a  judg- 
ment in  a  court  of  a  law."  He  may  be  right ;  but 
we  hardly  think  it  would  stand  a  severe  examina- 
tion in  a  class  in  logic. 

Mr.  Joel  Benton's  "  In  the  Poe  Cir- 
SySSyi,  <**  "  (Mansfield  and  Wessels)  is  an 
attractively  illustrated  book  made  up 
of  five  essays  which  have  appeared  before  in  the 
magazines.  It  is  a  non-committal  sort  of  book. 
The  name  does  not  commit  the  author  to  any  espe- 
cial content,  nor  does  the  content  commit  him  to 
any  definite  opinion.  This  point  is  rather  note- 
worthy, because  the  book  is  chiefly  a  discussion  of 
the  relation  of  Poe's  poetry  to  that  of  Dr.  T.  H. 
Chivers.  Concerning  Dr.  Chivers,  Mr.  Benton  has 
found  and  put  together  a  good  deal  of  interesting 
information,  but  he  does  not  seem  to  have  formed 
any  definite  opinion  as  to  whether  Poe  or  Chivers 
was  the  original  of  an  element  common  to  the  work 
of  both.  This  we  rather  regret.  We  think  the  fol- 
lowing lines  in  "  The  Vigil  of  Aiden "  very  like 
some  in  "  The  Raven  ": 

"  And  that  modest  mild  sweet  maiden, 

In  the  Rosy  Bowers  of  .Aiden, 

With  her  lily-lips  love-laden, 

Answered,  '  Yes !  f orevermore  ! '  " 
In  fact,  they  are  so  like  that  it  seems  clear  to  us 


that  one  of  the  poets  copied  from  the  other.  "  The 
Raven "  was  published  in  1845 ;  the  volume  by 
Chivers  containing  these  lines  was  published  in 
1851.  Why  present  such  a  case,  why  speak  of 
Chivers  as  a  "  precursor  "  of  Poe,  unless  some  ad- 
ditional matters  can  be  alleged  ?  It  will  hardly  be 
believed  that  Mr.  Benton  has  nothing  more  to  offer 
on  this  point.  He  has  not :  he  merely  quotes  from 
the  volume  of  Chivers,  published  in  1851  after 
Poe's  death,  and  contents  himself  with  suggesting 
vaguely  that  the  poems  may  have  been  published 
previously  in  magazines,  and  that  Poe  may  have 
seen  them  and  so  been  inspired  by  Chivers.  We  note 
one  passage  only,  although  the  case  is  much  the 
same  with  many  more.  But  on  the  facts  presented 
by  Mr.  Benton,  the  inference  is  that  in  this  one 
case  Chivers  copied  Poe,  and  thus  was  a  plagiarist, 
not  a  "  precursor."  And  if  he  copied  here,  it  adds 
to  the  probability  (in  the  absence  of  direct  evidence) 
that  he  did  so  in  more  doubtful  cases.  Mr.  Benton, 
then,  suggests  that  Poe  was  a  plagiarist  on  grounds 
which  show  (unless  something  more  be  adduced)  that 
he  was  plagiarized  from.  This  is  not  a  good  thing 
to  do.  We  might  not  care  to  hold  a  brief  for  Poe, 
but  we  do  believe  that  to  accuse  him  or  anyone  else 
of  plagiarism,  even  by  insinuation,  on  such  absurd 
grounds  as  we  have  here,  is,  to  say  the  least,  unfor- 
tunate. If  the  charge  is  to  be  made,  it  should  be 
definite  and  have  at  least  some  basis  in  fact :  mere 
possibilities  and  vague  suggestions  should  not  be 
hurried  into  the  magazines  and  then  put  between 
covers.  Besides  his  view  of  Poe's  relation  to  Chiv- 
ers, Mr.  Benton  has  an  idea  on  Baudelaire's  rela- 
tion to  Poe,  of  which  some  conception  may  be  gained 
from  his  notion  that  in  "  Les  Fleurs  du  Mai " 
Baudelaire  "  claimed  to  show  that  evil  was  not 
wholly  without  its  better  side,  and  that  good  is  in 
some  mysterious  manner  related  to  the  whole  scheme 
of  things."  Such  was  not  our  idea  of  the  work  in 
question,  and  we  turned  to  it  to  see  how  the  matter 
stood.  But  we  have  not  been  here  won  over  to  Mr. 
Benton's  view,  any  more  than  in  the  case  of  Chivers. 

We  have  dawdled  a  good  deal  over 
Mr.  C.  F.  Nirdlinger's  "Masques 
and  Mummers"  (De  Witt),  which 
came  out  in  the  early  summer,  but  on  the  whole  it 
seems  a  bit  more  appropriate  to  speak  of  a  book 
on  the  theatre  at  a  time  when  one  is  going  to  the 
theatre  than  when  one  is  not.  We  have  already 
spoken  in  favor  of  books  of  collected  theatrical 
criticism  :  we  think  that  in  itself  the  practice  tends 
to  give  a  better  character  to  the  current  reporting 
of  the  doings  on  the  stage.  Now  and  then  the 
criticism  has  rather  lost  its  point  because  we  can- 
not remember  the  things  criticized,  but  this  is  not 
always  so:  in  many  cases  the  views  expressed  are 
in  themselves  as  valuable  as  any  other  collected 
criticism.  As  may  be  surmised  from  his  title,  Mr. 
Nirdlinger  is  not  an  out-and-out  admirer  of  the  ac- 
tor's profession  as  such :  he  likes  the  drama,  but 
the  worship  of  the  actor  is  not  to  his  mind.  His 


Eisayt  on 
the  theatre. 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


views  are  certainly  advanced,  but  we  do  not  know 
that  he  goes  farther  than  an  intimate  knowledge  of 
the  facts  would  naturally  encourage  if  not  warrant. 
We  rather  like  some  of  his  ideas — as  that  actors 
should  be  anonymous,  that  there  is  no  art  of  acting, 
that  praise  is  not  the  whole  and  necessary  duty  of 
the  critic.  Despite  some  natural  exaggeration,  we 
imagine  that  much  truth  will  here  be  found.  When 
it  comes  to  matters  of  the  drama,  we  are  sometimes 
inclined  to  differ  with  our  author:  we  do  not  see 
that  he  shows  a  very  keen  sense  of  discrimination. 
In  a  large  way,  he  is  always  right.  It  is  right  to 
see  beauty  in  the  romance  of  "  Cyrano  "  and  "  The 
Prisoner  of  Zenda,"  and  ugliness  in  the  hypocrisy 
of  •  •  Zaza  "  and  ••  The  Christian."  But  we  do  not 
think  that  Mr.  Nirdlinger  is  right  in  supposing  that 
"truth  though  the  heavens  fall "  is  the  art-shibboleth 
of  Mr.  Henry  Arthur  Jones ;  nor,  though  we  con- 
sider Mr.  Pinero  artistically  honest  (as  far  as  he 
goes),  do  we  consider  him  a  man  of  keen  vision  or 
depth  of  thought  Both  are  clever  men  for  plays 
that  will  catch  the  attention  of  the  educated  theatre- 
goer, and  neither  is  much  more.  We  do  not  our- 
selves think  that  Seilor  Echegaray  goes  very  far 
beyond  them.  And  when  we  speak  of  a  lack  of 
discrimination  in  Mr.  Nirdlinger,  it  is  because  his 
essays  do  not  bring  out  any  greater  qualities  in 
Herr  Hauptmann  or  M.  Rostand  than  he  perceives 
in  the  writers  just  mentioned.  Still,  it  must  be  re- 
membered that  these  essays  were  not  always  written 
with  a  view  to  each  other.  Remarks  which  in  view 
of  any  given  play  seemed  quite  clear,  may  easily 
seem  a  little  out  of  focus  when  compared  with 
something  else.  Mr.  Nirdlinger's  voice  seems  to 
us  rather  strident  at  times,  a  little  affected  at  others; 
but  his  book  has  life  enough  to  carry  off  many  more 
drawbacks  than  those  we  have  lightly  touched  upon, 
and  many  theatre-goers  will  be  glad  to  see  it. 

Those  who  recall  the  pleasant  chatty 
reminiscences  of  Mr.  Felix  Mos- 
an<t  mutida*.  cheles  which  told  an  interested  world 
of  his  youth  with  the  late  George  Du  Maurier,  will 
find  the  same  sort  of  entertainment  in  the  later 
work, "  Fragments  of  an  Autobiography  "  (Harper). 
A  painter  by  profession,  and  more  particularly  a 
painter  of  portraits,  Mr.  Moscheles  has  made  him- 
self known  and  admired  in  England,  Germany,  and 
France,  as  well  as  in  America.  The  son  of  an  em- 
inent composer  and  godson  of  Felix  Mendelssohn, 
the  sketch  of  his  career  is  a  frank  and  charming 
view  of  artistic  life  at  its  best.  With  his  music,  his 
painting,  and  his  earnest  endeavors  to  move  the 
world  along  tbe  paths  of  peace,  Mr.  Moscheles  is 
alike  a  subject  for  approval  and  emulation.  The 
best  view  he  gives  of  himself  in  his  writings  is  not 
in  but  between  the  lines,  where  the  man  of  the 
world,  but  still  the  man  of  enthusiasms  and  simple 
pleasures,  speaks  to  his  friend  the  reader.  To 
Americans,  not  the  least  interesting  of  his  reminis- 
cences will  be  the  conversations  he  had  with  Mr. 
Grover  Cleveland,  just  after  the  first  election  to  the 


Tke  mi'  of 
the  Boer* 
atflnl-hand. 


presidency.  The  painter  takes  no  little  credit  to 
himself  for  suggesting  to  Mr.  Cleveland  his  ideas 
of  arbitration  at  that  time,  and  holds,  with  appar- 
ently good  reason,  that  the  arbitration  treaty  with 
Great  Britain,  the  failure  of  which  —  with  only  too 
many  other  failures  —  lies  at  the  door  of  the  Amer- 
ican Senate,  was  derived  primarily  from  his  sug- 
gestion at  that  time.  To  have  been  everywhere,  to 
have  seen  everything,  and  to  have  known  everyone, 
are  prime  requisites  for  writing  an  interesting  book, 
if  the  writer  be  not  unduly  puffed  up  thereby. 
From  this  fault  Mr.  Moscheles  is  reasonably  free, 
and  we  feel,  after  reading  his  ••  Fragments  "  for  the 
second  time,  that  it  is  rather  the  celebrities  who  are 
under  obligation  to  Mr.  Moscheles  than  Mr.  Mos- 
cheles who  is  under  obligation  to  the  celebrities. 
The  value  of  the  book  is  enhanced  by  portraits  of 
several  of  the  persons  discussed,  Browning  and 
Mazzini  with  others,  reproduced  from  his  own  paint- 
ings ;  but  we  miss  a  picture  of  the  autobiographer. 

Almost  the  first  information  the 
people  of  the  United  States  have 
received  from  the  Transvaal  Re- 
public at  first-hand  comes  in  the  pages  of  "  Oom 
Paul's  People"  (Appleton),  the  result  of  a  journey 
through  South  Africa  made  by  Mr.  Howard  C. 
Hillegas  of  New  York.  For  the  first  and  almost 
tbe  only  time  recently,  the  Boers  are  permitted  to 
speak  for  themselves,  instead  of  having  their  con- 
ceptions, ideals,  ambitions,  and  practices  misinter- 
preted by  their  enemies.  The  difference  is  striking. 
In  habits,  religions,  and  ideal.*,  a  strong  similarity 
can  be  traced  between  the  Boers  and  the  New 
England  colonies.  The  one  book  with  which  every 
citizen  of  the  Transvaal  is  familiar  is  the  Bible. 
His  quotations  from  it,  wrested  into  cant  and 
hypocrisy  in  the  same  manner  that  the  utter- 
ances of  the  Puritans  were,  are  not  only  natural 
but  inevitable,  and  the  use  of  Scripture  is  no  more 
done  for  effect  than  it  was  in  Governor  Sewall's 
Diary.  It  is  the  United  States  which  affords  Krue- 
ger  and  his  advisers  the  ideals  of  government  they 
hope  to  make  their  own,  and  they  are  sufficiently 
skilled  historically  to  find  a  Paul  Revere  and  a 
Boston  Massacre  in  their  own  history.  The  Amer- 
icans resident  in  South  Africa,  with  the  exception 
of  those  wholly  dependent  upon  the  British  mine- 
owners  there,  are  uniformly  with  the  Boers  in  their 
struggle,  Mr.  Hillegas  says ;  and  the  educational 
affairs  of  the  Republic  are  largely  in  American 
hands.  The  Kimberley  diamond  mines,  wrested 
from  the  Orange  Free  State  with  a  forced  payment 
of  $450,000,  have  yielded  $400,000,000  already. 
All  the  trouble  over  the  Witwatersrandt  is  stated  to 
be  the  result  of  Krueger's  attempt  to  obtain  for  his 
own  country  a  larger  share  of  the  mining  profits. 
Significantly,  much  of  the  money  has  gone  for  the 
purchase  of  arms  and  the  erection  of  fortifications. 
The  book  should  be  studied  by  everyone  interested 
in  the  bloody  and  deplorable  drama  now  being  en- 
acted in  South  Africa. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


369 


An  advanced  Manv  admirers  of  Mr.  Bryce's 
text-book  in  "American  Commonwealth"  have 

civil  government.  w}8hed  that  the  work  might  be  used 
as  the  standard  text  for  instruction  in  our  second- 
ary schools.  To  make  such  use  practicable,  the 
American  publishers  (Macmillan)  some  time  ago 
prepared  an  abridged  edition,  and  this  they  have 
now  supplemented  by  publishing  a  volume  called 
"  Outlines  of  Civics,"  to  be  used  in  connection  with 
the  work  of  Mr.  Bryce.  This  new  volume  is  the 
work  of  Mr.  Frederick  H.  Clark,  and  the  only 
drawback  to  its  general  introduction  into  our  schools 
is  found  in  the  fact  that  it  is  written  with  special 
reference  to  the  institutions  of  a  single  State  — 
California.  Other  States  would  need  to  supple- 
ment it  still  further  by  special  local  material.  The 
work  is  extremely  well  done.  It  provides  lists  of 
topics  and  works  of  reference,  suggestive  questions 
for  investigation,  and  all  the  other  apparatus  needed 
for  successful  school  work.  It  has,  moreover,  an 
introduction  by  Dr.  George  E.  Howard,  which  puts 
things  so  admirably  that  we  must  find  room  for  an 
extract.  "In  history,  especially,  the  text -book 
maker  and  the  teacher  have  usually  aimed  quite 
too  low.  In  the  attempt  to  simplify,  they  have 
written  down  or  stooped  to  the  supposed  capacity 
of  the  pupil.  Instead  of  putting  the  youth's  facul- 
ties under  a  healthy  strain,  instead  of  lifting  his 
thought  to  the  highest  possible  level  of  attainment, 
the  subject  has  been  deliberately  rendered  juiceless 
and  devoid  of  living  interest,  even  when  not  made 
utterly  distasteful.  If  this  be  a  grave  mistake  in 
the  historical  field  generally,  it  is  positively  inex- 
cusable in  civics  and  civil  government."  We  wish 
that  these  words  might  have  the  salutary  effect  of 
driving  forever  out  of  our  schools  the  text-books 
still  used  in  three-fourths  of  them.  When  such 
works  as  those  of  Messrs.  Bryce,  Fiske,  and  Hins- 
dale  are  to  be  had,  it  is  positively  criminal  to  use 
books  of  the  discredited  old-fashioned  sort. 


Abraham  Lincoln  Mr-  Cari  Schurz,  in  an  essay  which 
as  a  Man  of  is  a  classic,  pictures  Mr.  Lincoln  as 

the  People.  a  man  u  wno>  preserving  his  homely 

speech  and  rustic  manner  even  in  the  most  con- 
spicuous position  of  that  period,  drew  upon  himself 
the  scoffs  of  polite  society,  and  then  thrilled  the 
soul  of  mankind  with  utterances  of  wonderful  beauty 
and  grandeur."  The  contrasts  in  this  great  life 
have  often  been  noted,  and  people  have  wondered 
how  this  man  of  heroic  mould  could,  for  example, 
have  opened  the  most  serious  discussion  with  the 
recounting  of  some  story  from  the  lower  walks  of 
life.  In  "  Abraham  Lincoln,  the  Man  of  the  Peo- 
ple" (Macmillan),  Mr.  Norman  Hapgood  attempts 
to  show  how  the  common  people  furnished  the  in- 
spiration for  a  remarkable  career.  The  familiar 
details  of  Mr.  Lincoln's  life  are  told  again  with 
many  an  anecdote  here  and  there  as  the  hero  used 
them  to  illustrate  his  meaning.  There  is  no  claim 
to  the  discovery  of  any  new  material,  but  whatever 
of  merit  the  book  has  rests  on  the  underlying  idea 


expressed  in  the  title.  In  these  days  of  iconoclasm, 
the  Cromwellian  theory  of  exact  representation  may 
be  a  desirable  one  ;  but  there  are  two  ways  of  look- 
ing at  a  monument.  The  one  who  seeks  ugly  black 
spots  under  the  shining  surface  may  find  them  ; 
but  such  an  observer  would  never  realize  the  sig- 
nificance of  the  Bunker  Hill  shaft.  In  one  sense 
Mr.  Hapgood's  idea  of  President  Lincoln's  life  is 
attractive.  The  "homely  speech  and  rustic  man- 
ner "  certainly  were  marked  in  the  man  who  rose 
from  the  ranks  of  the  common  people,  but  no  story 
of  his  life  will  be  accepted  by  the  average  American 
as  satisfactory,  which  does  not  emphasize  most 
strongly  the  higher  and  grander  elements  of  char- 
acter which  make  him  belong  to  the  ages.  There 
is  serious  question  whether  this  particular  volume, 
read  by  young  or  old,  will  leave  just  the  right  im- 
pression of  Abraham  Lincoln. 

The  literary  Ifc  is  a  gratifying  evidence  of  healthy 

study  of    "  interest  in  Biblical  study,  that  Pro- 

the  Bible.  fessor  Moulton's  "  Literary  Study  of 

the  Bible  "  (D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.)  should  pass  into  a 
new  edition.  The  "  Modern  Reader's  Bible  "  has 
made  some  of  the  original  treatise  unnecessary,  but 
the  new  edition  still  prints  enough  of  the  author's 
arrangement  of  the  Biblical  literature  to  illustrate 
his  positions.  As  a  means  of  awakening  interest  in 
the  ancient  literature  of  the  Jews,  "  literary  study  " 
has  a  legitimate  rdle  to  play  ;  but  its  chief  value  lies 
in  its  insistence  upon  the  literary  rather  than  the 
dogmatic  point  of  view.  Probably  few  specialists 
in  the  Old  Testament  would  quite  agree  with  all  of 
Professor  Moulton's  arrangements,  and  the  present 
understanding  of  Hebrew  poetry  is  hardly  sufficient 
to  warrant  any  hard-and-fast  decisions  as  to  the 
correctness  of  many  of  his  views  as  to  strophes, 
anti-strophes,  quatrains,  and  other  forms.  But  his 
insistance  that  the  literary  character  of  a  piece  of 
scripture  shall  be  determined  before  one  interprets 
it,  is  certainly  to  be  commended  ;  and  it  is  here  that 
the  exegete  will  get  help.  What  could  be  more 
astonishing  or  maddening  than  the  assurance  with 
which  systematic  theologians  have  made  poetry  do 
the  work  of  philosophy,  and  rhapsody  furnish 
premises  for  metaphysics  !  The  influence  of  Pro- 
fessor Moulton's  book  in  counteracting  such  un- 
scientific methods  is  already  great,  and  in  its  recon- 
structed form  will  doubtless  be  greater. 


Amateur  and 


oratory. 


Books  on  rhetoric  and  English  com- 
position,  on  debating,  or  extempo- 
raneous  speaking,  are  apt  to  be  of 
one  sort  or  another  :  either  too  systematic  and  dry, 
or  interesting  enough  but  indefinite  and  desultory. 
The  latter,  so  far  as  we  have  observed,  is  more 
commonly  the  case  with  books  on  public  speaking  ; 
and  it  is  possible  that  the  objection  may  be  alleged 
against  Dr.  J.  M.  Buckley's  "Extemporaneous 
Oratory  for  Professional  and  Amateur  Speakers  " 
(Eaton  &  Mains).  We  do  not  feel  sure  that  the 
book  will  provide  a  method  definite  enough  to  be 


370 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


in  thing 


easily  pat  in  practice  by  a  private  student  or  by  a 
class.  But  this  ia  a  matter  on  which  we  cannot 
pass  judgment  by  reading  alone.  On  the  other  side, 
the  book  is  excellent;  it  is  not  only  entertaining, 
but  it  also  has  the  good  quality  of  arousing  real 
interest :  in  reading  it,  one  is  constantly  filled  with 
a  desire  to  begin  and  make  speeches  at  once,  just 
to  try.  Dr.  Buckley  has  had  long  experience  of 
extempore  speaking ;  we  are  not  sure  that  he  has 
had  practice  at  individual  teaching,  but  he  has 
heard  an  immense  amount  of  good  speaking,  and 
has  trained  himself  with  great  care.  His  funda- 
mental ideas  are  sensible.  It  is  true  that  they 
appear  also  to  be  rather  hard  to  carry  out,  or,  more 
exactly,  rather  easy  not  to  carry  oat  rightly ;  but 
the  advantageous  thing  about  the  book  is  that  the 
author  is  very  full  and  quite  practical  in  his  sug- 
gestions as  to  .how  his  principles  may  be  put  in 
practice.  Dr.  Buckley's  idea  of  extemporaneous 
•peaking  is  speaking  where  the  idea  takes  verbal 
form  at  the  moment  of  utterance.  His  book  will 
go  far  toward  showing  how  one  can  actually  speak 
in  this  way  so  as  to  express  oneself  and  hold  the 
attention  of  others. 

In  his  latest  book,  "  Fables  in 
Slang "  (H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.),  Mr. 
George  Ade  leaves  the  implications 
of  his  former  character-studies  and  indulges  in 
social  satire,  some  of  it  pathetically  humorous,  some 
of  it  bordering  closely  on  coarseness  and  vulgarity, 
and  all  of  it  coming  near  to  making  the  use  of 
slang  a  fine,  even  a  literary,  art.  With  this  read- 
able volume,  in  which  certain  ill-considered  illus- 
trations heighten  all  the  defects  of  the  text  and 
lessen  all  of  its  virtues,  comes  a  second  volume  of 
the  reflections  of  the  philosopher  of  the  "  Archey 
Road,"  bearing  the  title  of  "  Mr.  Dooley  in  the 
Hearts  of  His  Countrymen "  (Small,  Maynard  & 
Co.).  A  dedication  to  the  English  publishers  re- 
producing the  original  book  without  authorization 
is  in  questionable  taste ;  and  the  closing  chapter  of 
the  book,  dealing  with  the  Dreyfus  trial,  seems  to 
be  written  for  an  English  rather  than  an  American 
audience,  differing  from  the  rest  of  the  papers  not 
merely  in  form  but  in  appealing  to  a  standard  of 
humor  which  is  assuredly  neither  Irish  nor  Amer- 
ican. The  rest  of  the  book  contains  the  same  genial 
satire  as  the  earlier  volume,  and  has  a  hearty  laugh 
on  every  page,  as  well  as  merited  rebuke  of  many 
iniquities  in  the  English-speaking  world.  But  it  is 
scarcely  literature  in  any  of  the  senses  in  which  the 
"  Bigelow  Papers  "  was,  nor  can  it  be  said  to  be  so 
intended. 

A  well-written,  entertaining  book, 
and  a  foot-note  of  no  small  value  to 
the  history  of  the  ill-starred  and  un- 
principled political  enterprise  it  deals  with,  is  Mrs. 
Sara  Yorke  Stevenson's  "  Maximilian  in  Mexico  " 
(Century  Co.).  While  the  volume  goes  to  some 
extent,  and  very  intelligently,  into  the  formal  history 


of  Napoleon  the  Little's  fatuous  Mexican  perform- 
ance—  the  attempt  of  a  commonplace  statesman  to 
work  out  a  political  conception  in  the  grand  style, 
and  foredoomed  to  a  more  or  less  farcical  anti- 
climax —  it  consists  primarily  of  the  reminiscences 
of  an  eye-witness  who  was  in  Mexico  during  the 
period  of  the  French  occupation,  and  who  moved 
familiarly  in  the  exotic  society  that  set  up  its  court 
at  the  ancient  capital.  The  author  makes  us  ac- 
quainted with  the  principal  actors  in  the  drama, 
and  paints  a  picture  of  its  social  side  that  is  at  once 
fresh,  animated,  and  suggestive.  The  book  is  showily 
bound  in  the  Mexican  colors,  and  contains  a  num- 
ber of  portraits,  notably  a  curious  group  of  the 
firing  party  that  shot  Maximilian  and  Miramon. 


BRIEFER    MENTION. 


The  Rev.  Mr.  MacDougall's  "Conversion  of  the 
Maoris"  (Presbyterian  Board  of  Publication)  has  its 
importance  from  what  the  author  has  to  say  about  that 
other  segment  of  our  imperial  domain,  Samoa.  If  any- 
thing can  prove  the  unwisdom  of  entangling  alliances 
with  Europe,  our  experience  here  should  do  so;  while 
the  author  shows  that  all  the  recent  disturbances  in  the 
islands  have  been  due  to  the  white  man's  greed.  And 
the  natives  always  suffer, —  which  is  "  the  white  man's 
burden  "  divested  of  its  poetry. 

An  "  Auswahl  aus  Lutbers  Deutschen  Schriften  " 
(Ginn),  edited  by  Dr.  W.  H.  Carruth,  is  an  acceptable 
addition  to  the  library  of  German  texts  available  for 
college  use.  It  includes  a  lengthy  and  important  intro- 
duction, besides  the  usual  body  of  notes.  Dr.  Albert 
B.  .Faust  is  the  editor  of  a  volume  of  "  Heine's  Prose  " 
(Macmillan),  which  includes  over  two  hundred  pages  of 
carefully-chosen  text.  Dr.  Hermann  Scboenfeld  has 
edited  Schiller's  "  Maria  Stuart"  (Macmillan)  for  school 
use.  Two  other  German  text-books  (Heath)  are  an 
"  Erstes  Deutsches  Lesebuch,"  by  Mr.  Robert  Nix  ;  and 
an  edition,  abridged,  we  regret  to  say,  of  Herr  Suder- 
in. inn's  "  Der  Katzensteg,"  edited  by  Dr.  Benjamin  W. 
Wells. 

A  little  book  by  John  Barrett,  former  minister  of 
the  United  States  to  Siam,  is  called  ••  Admiral  George 
Dewey"  (Harper),  and  devotes  itself  to  a  sketch  of 
that  redoubtable  warrior  during  his  trying  days  of  ser- 
vice in  Manila  Bay.  Mr.  Barrett  was  with  him  during 
a  great  part  of  this  time,  and  his  narrative  is  an  intimate 
one,  though  not  rising  to  any  great  dignity  as  such.  The 
book  will  serve  to  gratify  the  demands  for  knowledge 
of  those  who  do  not  read  the  daily  papers,  from  whose 
columns  its  matter  is  largely  taken. 

An  even  dozen  of  volumes  in  the  charming  "  Temple 
Classics"  series  (Macmillan)  have  recently  reached  us. 
The  titles  include  a  two-volume  edition  of  Herrick's 
«  Hesperides,"  Vols.  7  to  10  of  the  ten-volume  edition 
of  Plutarch,  Thomas  Lodge's  translation  of  Seneca  "  On 
Benefits,"  Cavendish's  Life  of  Wolsey,  Wordsworth's 
Sonnets,  Basil  Montagu's  "Thoughts  of  Divines  and 
Philosophers,"  Sterne's  "Sentimental  Journey,"  and 
Walton's  "Compleat  Angler," — the  latter  with  notes 
by  Mr.  Austin  Dobson. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


371 


LITERARY  NOTES. 


Mr.  Charles  Whiting  Baker's  "  Monopolies  and  the 
People"  (Putnam)  has  just  been  reissued  in  a  third 
edition,  revised  and  enlarged. 

Messrs.  Harper  &  Brothers  have  just  published  a 
new  illustrated  edition  of  "  The  Sowers,"  perhaps  the 
most  popular  fiction  of  Mr.  Henry  Seton  Merriman. 

"  The  Black  Wolf's  Breed,"  a  historical  novel  of  Old 
and  New  France,  by  Mr.  Harris  Dickson,  has  been 
issued  in  its  second  edition  by  the  Bowen-Merrill  Co. 

"  The  American  Jewish  Year  Book "  for  the  year 
5660  (1899-1900),  edited  by  Professor  Cyrus  Adler, 
is  issued  by  the  Jewish  Publication  Society  of  America. 

Miss  Myrtle  Reed's  "Love  Letters  of  a  Musician," 
first  issued  as  a  Roycroft  publication,  now  appears  in 
a  new  edition  from  the  press  of  Messrs.  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons. 

A  new  translation  of  Gaboriau's  "  Dossier  Cent-treize  " 
("  File  No.  113  "),  by  Mr.  George  Burnham  Ives,  is  one 
of  the  latest  publications  of  Messrs.  Little,  Brown, 
&Co. 

"  Pastels  of  Men,"  by  M.  Paul  Bourget,  a  volume  of 
short  stories,  is  published  in  a  new  edition  by  Messrs. 
Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  Miss  K.  P.  Wormeley  is  the 
translator. 

A  handsomely- printed  volume  containing  a  selection 
from  the  poems  of  the  Rev.  George  Crabbe  is  published 
by  Mr.  Edward  Arnold,  of  London.  Mr.  Bernard  Hol- 
land is  the  editor  of  the  work. 

Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  have  published  a  two- 
volume  edition  of  "  The  Nabob,"  by  Alphonse  Daudet, 
translated  by  Mr.  George  Burnham  Ives,  and  intro- 
duced by  Mr.  Brander  Matthews. 

Mr.  Thomas  Whittaker  is  the  publisher  of  handsome 
new  editions  of  two  old-time  favorites,  "  Evenings  with 
the  Sacred  Poets  "  and  "  Salad  for  the  Solitary  and  the 
Social,"  by  Mr.  Frederick  Saunders. 

The  exquisite  lyrics  of  Mr.  F.  W.  Bourdillon  are 
issued  in  a  new  edition  by  Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co. 
"  The  Night  Has  a  Thousand  Eyes,  and  Other  Poems  " 
is  the  title  of  this  attractive  little  book. 

The  Messrs.  Brentano  reprint  the  translation,  made 
some  ten  years  ago  by  Mr.  Lafcadio  Hearn,  of  "One 
of  Cleopatra's  Nights  "  and  other  short  stories — "  fan- 
tastic romances  " — by  Thdophile  Gautier. 

"  About  the  Weather,"  by  Mr.  Mark  W.  Harrington, 
and  "  The  Story  of  the  Fishes,"  by  Mr.  James  N.  Bas- 
kett,  are  the  two  latest  volumes  in  the  "  Home  Reading 
Books  "  published  by  the  Messrs.  Appleton. 

A  "  biographical "  edition  of  Mr.  James  Lane  Allen's 
"  Flute  and  Violin  "  volume  of  Kentucky  stories,  con- 
taining an  explanatory  introduction  by  the  author,  has 
just  been  published  by  Messrs.  Harper  &  Brothers. 

The  '•  Home  Study  Circle "  series  of  manuals 
(Doubleday),  edited  by  Mr.  Seymour  Eaton,  is  now 
made  to  include  a  volume  on  "Mathematics,"  especially 
prepared  for  young  men  engaged  in  practical  affairs. 

"  Christian  Science  and  Other  Superstitions "  is  the 
happy  title  of  a  small  volume  by  Mr.  J.  M.  Buckley, 
just  published  by  the  Century  Co.  The  contents  con- 
sist of  selected  chapters  from  a  larger  work  of  the 
author. 

The  "  Pickwick  Papers  "  complete  in  a  single  volume 
of  pocketable  size!  This  would  hardly  seem  possible, 
but  it  is  made  so  by  the  use  of  India  paper,  and  the 


type  is  even  larger  than  it  need  be.  The  volume  con- 
tains 845  pages  and  is  barely  half  an  inch  thick.  Messrs. 
Thomas  Nelson  &  Sons  are  the  publishers,  and  they 
announce  a  complete  set  of  Dickens  in  this  form. 

"  Madame  Lambelle,"  by  M.  Gustave  Toudouze,  is 
a  "  roman  choisi  "  published  by  Mr.  William  R.  Jenkins, 
who  also  sends  us,  in  similar  style  of  publication,  a  vol- 
ume of  "  Contes  de  la  Vie  Rustique,"  edited  by  Mr. 
George  Castdgnier. 

Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  have  sent  us  a  new 
edition  of  the  "  Two  Pilgrims'  Progress "  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Joseph  Pennell.  This  story  of  a  tricycle  trip 
through  Italy  makes  charming  reading,  and  the  draw- 
ings by  Mr.  Pennell  make  a  notable  addition  to  its 
charm. 

Charles  Kingsley's  "  The  Heroes  "  and  Harriet  Mar- 
tineau's  "  Feats  on  the  Fjord  "  are  the  initial  volumes 
of  a  new  series  of  "  Temple  Classics  for  Young  People," 
published  by  Messrs.  J.  M.  Dent  &  Co.  The  volumes 
are  illustrated,  and  very  prettily  gotten  up  in  every 
respect. 

An  American  edition  of  Mr.  H.  A.  Burberry's  "Ama- 
teur Orchid  Cultivator's  Guide  Book "  has  been  pre- 
pared by  Dr.  J.  M.  W.  Kitchen,  and  is  published  by 
Messrs.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  The  work  has  numer- 
ous illustrations,  including  several  very  attractive  col- 
ored plates. 

"  Browning's  Shorter  Poems,"  edited  by  Mr.  Frank- 
lin T.  Baker  ;  "  The  Merchant  of  Venice,"  edited  by 
Miss  Charlotte  Whipple  Underwood  ;  and  "  The  Last 
of  the  Mohicans,"  edited  by  Mr.  W.  K.  Wickes,  are 
published  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  in  their  "  Pocket  Eng- 
lish Classics"  for  school  use. 

Encouraged  by  the  success  of  Miss  Selma  Lagerlb'f's 
two  novels,  Messrs.  Little,  Brown  &  Co.  have  published 
a  volume  of  short  stories  by  the  same  talented  writer. 
The  title  of  the  volume  is  "  Invisible  Links,"  and  the 
translator  is  Miss  Pauline  Bancroft  Flach,  to  whom  we 
are  indebted  for  the  other  translations  from  Miss  Lag- 
erlof. 

The  new  "  Haworth  "  edition  of  the  "  Life  and  Works 
of  the  Sisters  Bronte,"  to  be  completed  in  seven  volumes, 
is  begun  with  "  Jane  Eyre."  The  special  features  of  this 
edition  are  the  numerous  illustrations,  the  prefaces  by 
Mrs.  Humphry  Ward,  and  the  inclusion  of  Mrs.  Gas- 
kell's  biography  with  supplementary  notes  by  Mr. 
Clement  K.  Shorter.  The  Messrs.  Harper  are  the  pub- 
lishers. 

The  publishers  of  the  "  William  Shakespeare  "  (Mac- 
millan) of  Dr.  Georg  Brandes  have  done  wisely  in  re- 
printing the  work  in  a  single  volume,  at  only  one- third 
the  price  of  the  expensive  first  edition.  It  is  a  book 
that  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  student  of  litera- 
ture, for  it  is  nearly,  if  not  quite,  the  most  readable 
general  treatment  of  the  poet  with  which  we  are 
acquainted. 

A  new  edition  of  Shakespeare,  in  single-play  vol- 
umes, is  called  the  "  Chiswick,"  and  is  published  by 
Messrs.  George  Bell  &  Sons,  London  (Macmillan). 
The  Cambridge  text  is  used,  and  the  notes  are  restricted 
to  a  few  pages  at  the  end.  The  illustrations  are  the 
work  of  Mr.  Byam  Shaw.  "Hamlet,"  "Othello," 
"  Macbeth,"  and  "  As  You  Like  It"  are  the  four  vol- 
umes thus  far  issued. 

The  Directors  of  the  Old  South  Work  have  collected 
into  a  volume  the  historical  "  leaflets  "  (76-100)  of  the 
past  two  years  or  so,  making  the  fourth  volume  of  the 


372 


THE    DIAL 


[Nov.  16, 


sort  thus  far  issued.  Slavery  occupies  the  most  promi- 
nent place  in  this  collection,  being  represented  by  a 
group  of  seven  or  eight  documents.  Early  explorations 
and  colonial  settlements  are  also  well  represented,  and 
the  value  of  the  whole  mass  of  material  presented  is 
very  great. 

The  death  of  John  Codman  Ropes  on  the  27th  of 
October,  the  news  of  which  did  not  reach  us  in  time  for 
our  last  issue,  must  be  at  least  mentioned  now,  because 
he  was  a  valued  contributor  to  THE  DIAL  in  its  earlier 
years,  and  because  of  his  high  rank  among  American 
historical  scholars.  Born  in  1836,  he  lived  to  be  sixty- 
three  yean  of  age.  A  lawyer  by  profession,  he  devoted 
a  large  part  of  bis  later  years  to  the  study  of  military 
history,  and  produced  several  works  of  the  highest 
value,  including  the  "  Life  of  Napoleon,"  ««  The  Battle 
of  Waterloo,"  "  The  Army  under  Pope,"  and  the  "  His- 
tory of  the  Civil  War,"  which  is  now  left  unfinished, 
since  he  was  working  upon  the  third  volume  at  the  time 
of  his  death. 

The  "Annotated  Bibliography  of  American  History," 
to  which  Mr.  J.  N.  Lamed  is  seeking  contributors,  is  a 
work  that  has  been  projected  by  Mr.  George  lies,  of 
New  York,  and  that  will  be  published  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  American  Library  Association.  In  plan, 
the  work  will  be  on  lines  exemplified  in  Mr.  Iles's 
"  Annotated  Bibliography  of  Fine  Arts,"  published  last 
year,  with  notes  supplied  by  Mr.  Russell  Sturgis  and 
Mr.  Henry  £.  Krehbiel,  and  it  will  carry  one  step 
further  into  practice  the  admirable  idea  of  an  "ap- 
praisal of  literature  "  which  Mr.  lies  has  been  urging 
for  several  years.  To  realize  the  idea  he  has  already 
expended  both  money  and  time,  and  is  prepared  to 
expend  more.  He  assumes  the  whole  cost  of  the  un- 
dertaking, with  no  probability  of  a  return  sufficient  to 
reimburse  him.  The  scheme  of  the  work  is  (1)  the 
selection  of  1,500  or  2,000  titles  of  the  books  which 
readers  in  American  history  need  most  to  have  valued 
for  them,  either  in  commendation  or  warning  ;  and  (2) 
the  preparation  of  a  brief  note  to  each  title,  such  as 
will  appraise  the  book  with  full  knowledge,  with  sound 
judgment,  and  with  absolute  sincerity.  As  far  as  pos- 
sible, these  notes  will  be  signed  by  the  writers  ;  but  if, 
in  any  case,  a  more  independent  judgment  can  be 
obtained  by  omitting  the  signature,  this  may  be  done. 
The  single  object  in  view  is  to  procure  for  the  reading 
public  authoritative  estimates  of  books,  frankly  and 
fearlessly  expressed. 


L.IST  OP  NEW  BOOKS. 

[The  following  li$t,  containing  175  titlet,  include*  bookt 
received  6y  THE  DIAL  *ince  it*  last  istue.] 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  MEMOIRS. 
The  Romance  of  Ludwlg  II.  of  Bavaria.    By  France* 

Gerard.    Illus.,  8vo,  gilt  top,  pp.  202.    Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

•MO. 
Abraham  Lincoln:  The  Man  of  the  People.    By  Norman 

Hapgood.    Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  unont,  pp.  433.    Mac- 

millan  Co.    $2. 
The  Log:  of  a  Sea- Waif :  Being  Recollections  of  the  First 

Four  Years  of  My  Sea  Life.  By  Frank  T.  Bullen,  F.R.G.S. 

Dins..  I'.'nio,  pp.  370.     D.  Appleton  A  Co.    $1.60. 
Blue-Beard,  a  Contribution  to  History  and  Folk- Lore :  Being 

the  History  of  Gillesde  Retzof  Brittany,  1404-1440  A.  D. 

By  Thomas  Wilson,  LL.D.    Bias.,  8vo,  gilt  top,   uncut, 

pp.  212.    G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.     $1.75. 
A  Study  of  Elizabeth  Barrett  Browning.     By  Lilian 

Whiting.     With  portrait,  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  191. 

Little,  Brown,  A  Co.    91.25. 


Velasquez.  By  R.  A.  M.  Stevenson.    Illu*.  in  photogravure, 

etc..  rJm.i,  gilt  top,  pp.  It*).     "Great  Masters  in  Painting 

and  Sculpture."     Macmillan  Co.     $1.75. 
Nathaniel  Hawthorne.     By  Annie  Fields.    With  portrait, 

•-Mm. i,  (jilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  136.     "Beacon  Biographies.'' 

Small.  Maynard  Jt  Co.     75  eta. 
Nancy  Hanks:  The  Story  of  Abraham  Lincoln's  Mother. 

By  Caroline  Hanks  Hitchcock.     Bios.,  16mo,  pp.  105. 

Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.    50  cU.  ntt. 

BISTORT. 
The  Moorish  Empire:  A  Historical  Epitome.    By  Bndgett 

Meakin.     Illus.,  8vo,  pp.  576.     Macmillan  Co.     $5. 
History  of  the  United  States  from  the  Compromise  of 

1850.     By   James   Ford   Rhodes.     Vol.   IV.,    1WJ-1H64. 

Large  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  558.     Harper  &  Brothers. 

$2.50. 
History  of  the  People  of  the  Netherlands.    By  Petms 

Johannes  Blok.    Part   II.,  From  the  Beginning  of  the 

Fifteenth   Century   to  1559.    Trans,   by   Ruth    Putnam. 

Large  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  420.    G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

$2.50. 
The  Puritan  as  a  Colonist  and  a  Reformer.    By  Ezra 

Hoyt  Byington.  Illu*.,  8 vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  375.  Little, 

Brown,  &  Co.    $2. 
Liberty  in  the  Nineteenth  Century.    By  Frederic  May 

Holland.    8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  257.    G.  P.  Putnam's 

Sons.    $1.75. 
Modern  English  History  (1600-1890) :  Syllabus  of  a  Course 

of  Eighty-Seven  Lectures.   By  H.  Morse  Stephens.   12mo, 

pp.  319.     Macmillan  Co.     $1 .60  net. 
Great  Britain  and  Hanover:  Some  Aspects  of  the  Personal 

Union.      By  Adolphns  William   Ward,    l.itt.D.      12mo, 

pp.  218.    Oxford  University  Press.     $1.25. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

Letters  of  Sidney  Lanler:  Selections  from  his  Correspond- 
ence, 1866-1881.  With  portraits,  8vo,  pp.  245.  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons.  $2. 

The  Map  of  Life:  Conduct  and  Character.  By  William 
Edward  Hartpole  Lecky.  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  353. 
Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.  $2. 

Fisherman's  Luck,  and  Some  Other  Uncertain  Tilings.  By 
Henry  Van  Dyke.  Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  247.  Charles 
Soribner's  Sons.  $2. 

The  Augoistan  Agree.  By  Oliver  Elton.  12mo,  uncut, 
pp.  427.  "  Periods  of  European  Literature."  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons.  81.50  net. 

Romances  in  Roguery:  An  Episode  in  the  History  of  the 
Novel.  By  Frank  Wadleigh  Chandler.  In  1!  parts; 
Part  I.,  The  Picaresque  Novel  in  Spain.  12mo,  uncut, 
pp.483.  "Columbia  University  Studies  in  Literature." 
Macmillan  Co.  $2. 

Contemporaries.  By  Thomas  Wentworth  Hi?ginson.  12mo, 
gilt  top,  pp.  379.  Houghton,  Miffiin  &  Co.  $2. 

Emerson  as  a  Poet.  By  Joel  Benton.  With  portrait, 
12mo,  gilt  top.  uncut,  pp.  168.  M.  F.  Mana&eld  &  A. 
Weasels.  $1.25. 

Things  As  They  Are.  By  Bolton  Hall ;  with  Introduction 
by  George  D.  Herron.  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  293. 
Small,  Maynard  &  Co.  $1.25. 

Old  World  Series.  New  vols.:  The  Story  of  Ida :  Epitaph 
on  an  Etrurian  Tomb,  by  Franoesca  Alexander;  A  Child's 
Garden  of  Verses,  by  Robert  Louis  Stevenson  •  Monna 
Innominata :  Sonnets  and  Songs,  by  Christina  G.  Kossmi ; 
The  Tale  of  Chloe:  An  Episode  in  the  History  of  Beau 
Beamish,  by  George  Meredith.  Each  Itimo,  uncut.  Port- 
land :  Thomas  B.  Mosher.  Per  vol.,  $1.  net. 

Brocade  Series.    New  vols.:  The  Tale  of  the  Emperor  Con- 


by  Richard  Jefferies :  Will  o'  the  Mill,  by  Robert  I.<min 

Stevenson  ;  Marjorie  Fleming,  by  John  Brown,  M.I).  Each 

18mo,  nncut.     Portland :  Thomas  B.  Mosher.     1'er  vol., 

75  cts.  net. 
The  Kipling:  Birthday  Book.    Compiled  by  Joseph  Finn  ; 

illns.  by  J.  Lockwood  Kipling.   16mo,  pp.  278.    Doubleday 

&  McClure  Co.    $1. 
The  Poetry  of  American  Wit  and  Humor.    Selected  by 

R.  L.  Paget.     With  frontispiece,  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 

pp.  367.    L.  C.  Page  A  Co.    $1.25. 
Plain  Talk  in  Psalm  and  Parable.  By  Ernest  Crosby.  8vo, 

gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  188.    Small,  Maynard  &  Co.     $2. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


373 


A  Kipling  Primer :  Biographical  and  Critical  Chapters,  an 
Index  to  Mr.  Kipling's  Principal  Writings,  and  Biblio- 
graphies. By  Frederic  Lawrence  Knowles.  Illus.,  16mo, 
pp.219.  Boston :  Brown  &  Co.  $1.25. 

The  Ruba'yat  of  Omar  Khayyam.  Trans,  by  Mrs.  H.  M. 
Cadell ;  with  Introduction  by  Richard  Garnett,  C.B.  12mo, 
uncut,  pp.  144.  John  Lane.  $1.25. 

Laos  Folk-Lore  of  Farther  India.  By  Katharine  Neville 
Fleeson.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  153.  F.  H.  Revell  Co.  75  cts. 

NEW  EDITIONS  OF  STANDAED  LITERATURE. 

Life  and  Works  of  the  Sisters  Bronte,  "  Haworth  "  edi- 
tion. With  Prefaces  by  Mrs.  Humphry  Ward.  First  vol.: 
Jane  Eyre.  Illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  8vo,  gilt  top, 
uncut,  pp.  555.  Harper  &  Brothers.  $1.75. 

The  Nabob.  By  Alphonse  Daudet ;  trans,  by  George  Burn- 
ham  Ives ;  with  Introduction  by  Brander  Matthews.  In 
2  vols.,  with  photogravure  frontispieces,  12mo,  gilt  tops. 
Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  #3.00. 

The  Georgics  of  Virgil.  Done  into  English  Prose  by  J.  W. 
Mackail.  In  2  vols.,  18mo,  uncut.  Portland:  Thomas  B. 
Mosher.  $1.50  net. 

One  of  Cleopatra's  Nights,  and  Other  Fantastic  Romances. 
By  Theophile  Gautier ;  trans,  from  the  French  by  Lafcadio 
Hearn.  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  388.  Brentano's.  $1.50. 

Works  of  Edward  Everett  Hale,  Library  edition.  New 
vol.:  The  Brick  Moon,  and  Other  Stories.  With  photo- 
gravure frontispiece,  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  369.  Little,  Brown, 
&  Co.  $1.50. 

Tales  of  Edgar  Allen  Poe,  "  Raven"  edition.  With  his- 
torical and  critical  comments  by  Henry  Austin.  In  3  vols., 
16mo.  R.  F.  Fenno  &  Co.  $1.50. 

Temple  Classics.  Edited  by  Israel  Gollancz,  M.A.  New 
vols.:  Seneca  on  Benefits,  trans,  by  Thomas  Lodge ;  Wal- 
ton's Compleat  Angler.  Each  with  photogravure  frontis- 
piece, 24mo,  gilt  top,  uncut.  Macmillan  Co.  Per  vol.,  50c. 

POETRY. 

The  Poetical  Works  of  Robert  Stephen  Hawker,  M.A. 

Edited,  with  Prefatory  Notice  and  Bibliography,  by  Alfred 

Wallis.      Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,   pp.   283.      John 

Lane.    $2. 
The  Apostle  of  the  Ardennes.    By  Lady  Lindsay.    16mo, 

gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  161.     London :  Kegan  Paul,  Trench, 

Trubner  &  Co.,  Ltd. 

FICTION. 

The  Crown  of  Life.    By  George  Gissing.    12mo,  pp.  360. 

F.  A.  Stokes  Co.    $1.50. 
A  Voyage  at  Anchor.   By  W.  Clark  Russell.   12mo,  pp.344. 

D.  Appleton  &  Co.    $1.;  paper,  50  cts. 
The  Other  Fellow.    By  F.  Hopkinson  Smith.    Illus.,  12mo, 

gilt  top,  pp.  218.     Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.     $1.50. 
The  Ship  of  Stars.    By  A.  T.  Quiller-Couch  ("  Q  ").    With 

frontispiece,   12mo,   gilt    top,   uncut,   pp.   373.      Charles 

Scribner's  Sons.     $1.50. 
Mr.  Jack  Hamlin's  Mediation,  and  Other  Stories.   By  Bret 

Harte.     16mo,  pp.  289.     Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.     $1.25. 
Jennie  Baxter,  Journalist.   By  Robert  Barr.   Illus.,  12mo, 

pp.  337.    F.  A.  Stokes  Co.     $1.25.    ' 
A  Confident  Tomorrow  :  A  Novel  of  New  York.     By 

Brander  Matthews.     Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  300.     Harper  & 

Brothers.     $1.50. 

Love  Made  Manifest.  By  Guy  Boothby.  With  frontis- 
piece, 12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  330.  H.  S.  Stone  &  Co. 

$1.25. 
Saragossa :  A  Story  of  Spanish  Valor.    By  B.  Pe"rez  Gald6"s ; 

authorized  translation  from  the  Spanish  original  by  Minna 

Caroline  Smith.     12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  353.     Little, 

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[Nov.  16, 


The  Memoirs  of  Victor  Hugo. 

This  volume  forms  a  most  welcome  and  valuable  addition  to  the  works  of  Victor  Hugo. 
No  library  will  be  complete  without  it.     Two  editions  sold  in  advance  of  publication. 


"Congratulate  the  public  that  is  to  read  it.  From 
first  to  last  the  volume  is  interesting,  and  has  quite 
retained  the  spirit  of  the  original  in  this  admirable 
translation  by  Mr.  John  W.  Harding."— JEANETTE  L. 
GILDER  in  Chicago  Tribune. 

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incidents  brought  out  in  Hugo's  profuse  vocabulary  — 
little  sketches  and  thoughts  about  people  and  things, 
always  interesting,  never  wearisome." — Literary  Newt. 

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most  serious  attention." — The  Boston  Times. 

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'  apotheosis  of  love  '  thrilled  and  fascinated  us." — Chi- 
cago Tribune. 

"  His  long  and  chequered  life  was  filled  with  experi- 
ences of  the  most  diverse  character,  literature,  and 
polities,  the  court  and  the  street,  parliament  and  the 
theatre,  labor,  struggles,  disappointments,  exile,  and 
triumphs.  All  of  these  are  represented  in  the  memoirs, 
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upon  the  peoples  and  events  of  his  times.  It  covers  the 
period  between  the  coronation  of  Charles  X.,  at  Rheims, 
in  1825,  and  ends  with  the  siege  of  Paris." — The  Chi- 
cago Inter  Ocean. 

11  Whoever  has  read  a  line  of  the  works  of  Victor 
Hugo  must  wish  for  a  thousand  more,  for  the  words  of 
this  the  greatest  of  novelists  are  not  too  many.  His 
wonderful  ability  has  made  his  memoirs  as  interesting 
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"Great  scenes  described  by  the  most  vivid  word- 
artist  of  the  century."— New  York  World. 

"Full  of  the  most  characteristic  bits,  sentences,  or 
whole  paragraphs  that  no  one  but  Hugo  could  have 
written." — New  York  Time*. 

44  The  temptation  is  great  to  keep  on  quoting  from 
this  fascinating  book." — The  Critic. 

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THE  MIND  AND  ART   OF   POE'S   POETRY. 

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EDITED  BY       i  FWwwws  xxvii. 

FRANCIS  F.  BROWNE.  J         No.  323. 


1 

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lolmondeley 

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are  many  .  .  .  yet  she  entwines  the 
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SHORT  STORIES  OF  WORM  AN   LIFE. 

By   MRS.   J.    K.    HUDSON. 

These  are  made  timely  by  the  new  Morman  issue  in  Congress,  but  they  owe  their  deep  interest 
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SALONS  COLONIAL  AND   REPUBLICAN. 

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THE  TRUE  WILLIAM  PENN. 

By  SYDNEY  GEORGE  FISHER.  Uniform  with  "The  True 
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MYTHS  AND  LEGENDS  OF  OUR  NEW 
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BOHEMIAN   PARIS  OF  TO-DAY. 

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A  MANUAL  OF  COACHING. 

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THE  ADVENTURES  OF  LOUIS  DE  ROUGEMONT. 

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MOTHER  GOOSE. 

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MISS  VANITY. 

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THE  BRAHMINS'  TREASURE. 

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THE  YOUNG   MASTER  OF  HYSON   HALL. 
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THE   STEP-MOTHER. 

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BACKLOG  STUDIES. 

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THE  MARBLE  FAUN. 

By  NATHANIEL  HAWTHORNE.  Roman  Edition.  Illus- 
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THE  TENT  ON  THE  BEACH. 

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THE  OTHER  FELLOW. 

By  F.  HOPKINSON  SMITH.  Illustrated.  12mo.  81.50. 

Eleven  short  stories,  told  with  the  dash,  the  dramatic  effect,  and 
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LOVELINESS. 

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THE   WIFE  OF   HIS   YOUTH    AND 
OTHER   STORIES. 

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AN  UNKNOWN  PATRIOT. 

By  FRANK  S.  CHILD.  Illustrated.  Crown  8vo.  81.50. 

An  absorbing  story  of  the  "  Secret  Service  "  in  Connecticut  daring 
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Burr,  and  other  well-known  persons  figure  in  the  tale. 


History  and  Biography. 

THE   DUTCH    AND   QUAKER   COLONIES 
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JAMES    RUSSELL    LOWELL   AND    HIS 
FRIENDS. 

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MEMOIRS  OF  A  REVOLUTIONIST. 

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HORACE  BUSHNELL. 

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LIFE  OF  EDWIN  M.  STANTON. 

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2  vols.  8vo.  86.00. 

LETTERS    FROM    RALPH    WALDO 
EMERSON. 

To  a  friend,  1838-1853.  Edited  by  CHARLES  ELIOT 
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THADDEUS  STEVENS.    By  SAMUEL  W.  McCALL. 
CHARLES  FRANCIS  ADAMS.  By  bis  son,  CHARLES 
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1899.]  THE     DIAL  389 


CHRISTMAS  NUMBER  OF 

THE  CENTURY  MAGAZINE 

|       PRINTED  IN  TINTS       | 

"  Rich  in  the  kind  of  literature  that  makes  THE  CENTURY  the  LEADING  ILLUSTRATED 
MONTHLY  PERIODICAL  OF  THE  WORLD." 

CONTAINS: 

COVER  DESIGN,  "The  Christmas  Angel"  — in  Colors. 
Frontispiece  in  Tint Louis  Loeb. 

Accompanying  a  poem,  "  The  Old  Master." 

A  CHRISTMAS  STORY Jacob  A.  Riis. 

"  The  Kid  Hangs  Up  His  Stocking,"  the  story  of  a  newsboys'  lodging-house. 

CHRISTMAS  IN  SOUTHERN  FRANCE Thomas  A.  Janvier. 

Mistral,  the  Great  Supper,  the  Yule  Log,  etc.     Pictures  by  Louis  Loeb. 

•«  THE  ART  OF  SEEING  THINGS  " John  Burroughs. 

THE    CROMWELL    HISTORY.     By  John  Morley. 

"  A  serial  that  we  venture  to  say  will  rank  among  the  most  memorable  published  by  this  magazine." — 
Mail  and  Express,  N.  Y.  "  Promising  to  be  one  of  the  most  important  historical  studies  of  the  decade." 
—  Salt  Lake  Tribune.  Richly  illustrated,  with  original  pictures  and  reproductions  of  famous  paintings. 

THE  BIOGRAPHY  OF  A  GRIZZLY Ernest  Seton-Thompson. 

With  three  full-page  pictures  and  decorations  by  the  author. 
THE  CHRISTMAS  TREE J.  Alden  Weir. 

A  Christmas  picture,  printed  in  tints. 

THE  AUTOBIOGRAPHY  OF  A  QUACK Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell. 

"  A  story  that  from  the  very  start  promises  to  develop  into  a  splendid  story  of  adventure  in  modern 
life."  —  Mail  and  Express,  N.  Y. 

A  FULL- PAGE  ENGRAVING *     ...  Timothy  Cole. 

Sir  Thomas  Lawrence's  portrait  of  Lady  Derby.  Another  beautiful  full-page  picture  in  the  number 
is  an  engraving  of  French's  new  statue  of  Washington. 

A  STORY  BY  THE  AUTHOR  OF   "QUO  VADIS." 

"  The  Judgment  of  Peter  and  Paul  on  Olympus,"  by  Henryk  Sienkiewicz,  author  of  "  Quo  Vadis," 
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ZIONISM Richard  Gottheil. 

"  Never  forget  that  you  and  I  belong  to  a  race  which  can  do  everything  but  fail." 

FAKES  AND  FAKIRS Gustave  Kobbe. 

An  account  of  the  exhibition  of  burlesque  pictures  held  yearly  by  the  Art  Students'  League  of  New  York. 

SAILING  ALONE  AROUND  THE  WORLD Captain  Joshua  Slocum. 

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LIFE    IN    THE    EAST    END    OF    LONDON.     By  Sir  Walter  Besant. 

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OTHER  STORIES,  by  Virginia  Woodward  Cloud,  Edward  Marshall,  Harry  Stillwell  Edwards,  and 

(ielett  Burgess. 
POEMS,  by  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell,  James  Jeffrey  Roche,  Virginia  Frazer  Doyle,  Edith  Thomas, 

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Th?  Century  Co.'s  New  Books 


11 A  modern  novel  with 
the  qualities  of  a  true 
classic."—  THE  OUT- 
LOOK. 


HUGH  WYNNE. 

By  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell. 

Continental  Edition.     Richly  Illustrated. 


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great  American  classic  in  fiction  that  has  the  era  of 
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romance  since  Cooper's  day." — Brooklyn  Eagle. 

"A  powerful  novel  of  the  American  Revolution. 
One  of  the  best  selling  books  in  the  American  mar- 
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41  This  luxurious  edition  of  Dr.  Weir  Mitchell's  <  Hugh 
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son in  beauty  of  manufacture,  and  will  be  surpassed 
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PRESENT-DAY  EGYPT. 

By  Frederic  Courtland  Penfield.     Richly 
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44  Mr.  Penfield  sets  be- 
fore us  clearly  and  vividly 
his  sensations  and  ideas.im- 
pressions  and  judgments, 
on  Egypt  —  land,  people, 
and  rulers,  as  they  now 
are." — New  York  Evening 
Post. 


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44  Interesting  reading  of 
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HOLLY  AND   "  PIZEN," 

And  Other  Stories. 

By  Ruth  McEnery  Stuart.  A  new  volume  by  the 
author  of  "  Sonny,"  who  is  one  of  the  most  popular 
of  living  American  writers  of  short  stories.  Pathos 
and  humor  abound  in  its  pages.  SI. 25. 

LITTLE  JIM  CROW, 

And  Other  Stories  of  Children. 
By  Clara  Morris.    The  author  of  this  book  has  but 
recently  turned  her  attention  to  literature,  yet  a  col- 
lection of  her  stories,  published  last  summer,  is 
already  in  its  second  edition.     91.25. 

WHERE  ANGELS   FEAR 
TO  TREAD. 

Sea  Stories  by  Morgan  Robertson.    $1.50. 

"The  best  collection  of 
short  stories  of  the  year — 


stirring,  spirited,  full  of 
action,  adventure,  and  in- 
terest."—AT.  Y.  World. 


44  His  stories  tell  them- 
selves    straightforwardly 


and  well.  There  is  humor 
in  them  and  they  move." 
— New  York  Sun. 


TRAMPING   WITH    TRAMPS. 


By  Josiah  Flynt. 

"  A  book  which  at  once 
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—  striking  in  its  vigor 
and  its  sincerity."  —  The 
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Illustrated.    $1.50. 

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HIS  DEFENSE, 

And  Other  Stories. 

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THE   FOUR-MASTED 
CAT -BO  AT, 

And  Other  Truthful  Tales. 
By  Charles  Battell  Loomis.     A  carefully  selected 
collection  of  the  author's  stories  aud  sketches  con- 
tributed to  the  "  Lighter  Vein  "  pages  of  The  Cen- 
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HORNED  ALEXANDER. 

Frank  R.  Stockton's  New  Story.     $1.50. 
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ton's  brand  of  humor  needs 
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counterfeited."  —  Plain- 
dealer  (Cleveland). 


ing  commentary  on  life  as 
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THE  MANY-SIDED   FRANKLIN. 

By  Paul  Leicester  Ford.     Richly  Illustrated.     Price,  $3.00. 

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biography." — Churchman  (New  York). 


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"  Mr.  Ford  has  written  worthily  of  his  theme  and 
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IMPRESSIONS  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA. 

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AURELIUS. 

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TN  1900  THERE  WILL  BE 

1  an  important  historical  serial  of  Colonial  Life  in  America  by  Elbridge  S.  Brooks,  ten 
long  stories  by  Ruth  McEnery  Stuart,  Mary  Mapes  Dodge,  and  other  well-known  writers 
(each  story  complete  in  a  single  number),  serial  stories  by  the  authors  of  "  Master  Skylark  " 
and  u  Denise  and  Ned  Toodles "  and  other  popular  books  for  young  folks,  a  serial  story  for 
little  children,  "Josey  and  the  Chipmunk,"  contributions  from  Theodore  Roosevelt,  Ian 
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Putnam's  Christmas  Books. 


Browning:  Poet  and  Man. 

A  SURVEY. 

By  ELIZABETH  LUTHER  GARY. 
With  25  photogravure  illustrations,  and  some  text  cuts. 

Large  8vo,  $3.75. 

Miss  Gary  has  done  her  work  well,  and  has  contri- 
buted something  to  the  popular  understanding  of  one  of 
the  great  poets  of  the  century. 

By  the  Same  Author. 

TENNYSON : 
His  Homes,  His  Friends,  and  His  Work. 

With  18  photogravure  illustrations.  Large  8vo,  gilt  top,  $3.75. 
"Here  truly  is  a  beautiful  book  —  beautiful  as  to  typo- 
graphy and  binding,  beautiful  as  to  theme,  beautiful  in  the 
reverence  and  affection  with  which  that  theme  has  been 
seized  upon  and  elucidated.  Miss  Cary  has  garnered  from  a 
rich  and  varied  field  the  essential  and  striking  incidents  in 
this  great  career." — New  York  Times. 


Famous  Homes  of  Great  Britain 

And  Their  Stories. 

Edited  by  A.  H.  MALAN. 
With  nearly  200  illustrations.     Royal  8vo,  $7.50;  full 

morocco  extra,  net,  $15.00. 

Among  the  writers  are  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  the 
Duchess  of  Cleveland,  Lady  Dudley,  Lady  Newton, 
Lady  Warwick,  Hugh  Campbell,  and  A.  H.  Malan. 


Alnwick. 

Penshurst. 


HOMES  DESCRIBED: 

Blenheim.  Cbarlecote. 

Hanhvick.  Chatsworth. 

Cawdor  Castle.  Belvoir  Castle. 

Battle  Abbey.  Holland  House.  Warwick  Castle. 

This  work  comprises  interesting:  descriptions  of  some  of  the 
most  beautiful  Homes  of  Old  England.  In  many  instances  these 
descriptions  are  from  the  pens  of  the  members  of  the  house 
described,  adding  greatly  to  the  personal  interest.  The  illustra- 
tions cover  as  well  the  Architecture,  Tapestry,  Sculpture,  Ar- 
mor, Old  Paintings,  Carved  Wood,  Landscape  Gardening,  etc. 


The  Yangtze  Valley  and 
Beyond. 

An  Account  of  Journeys  in  Central  and 
Western  China.  By  ISABELLA  L.  BIRD 
(Mrs.  Bishop),  author  of  "Unbeaten 
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illustrations.    2  vols.,  8vo,  per  set,  $6. 
Miss  Bird  is  one  of  the  most  remark- 
able writers  of  the   day.     Her  famous 
book  on  Japan,  published  in  1876,  is  still 
considered  one  of  the  most  satisfactory 
works  on  the  subject. 

Romance  of  the  Feudal 
Chateaux. 

By  ELIZABETH  W.  CHAMPNEY.  With 
40  photogravure  and  other  illustra- 
tions. 8vo,  &3.50. 

A  Prisoner  of  the  Khaleefa. 

Twelve  Years'  Captivity  at  Omdurman. 
By  CHARLES  NEDFELD.  Illustrated 
with  36  photographs  taken  by  the 
author.  8vo,  $4.00. 

Love  Letters  of  a  Musician. 

By  MYRTLE  REED.    8vo,  $1.75. 

The  story  which  is  told  in  the  love 
letters  is  as  beautiful  as  the  manner  of 
telling,  and  Myrtle  Reed  has  made  a  con- 
tribution to  the  lovers'  literature  of  the 
world  as  precious  as  the  "Sonnets  from 
the  Portuguese,"  and  hardly  less  poetic. 


Little  Journeys. 

5  vols.,  fully  illustrated  with  portraits, 
views,  etc.  16mo,  gilt  top,  each  $1.75 ; 
per  set,  $8.75. 

1.  Good  Men  and  Great. 

2.  Famous  Women. 

3.  American  Authors. 

4.  American  Statesmen. 

5.  Eminent  Painters. 

"  The  charm  of  Mr.  Hubbard's  style,  one- 
third  narrative,  two-thirds  whimsical  phi- 
losophy and  character  study  —  nowhere  blank 
biography  or  guide-book  description  —  is  mani- 
fest. The  '  Little  Journeys '  are  literature, 
and  will  live  and  quicken  the  minds  of  readers 
when  the  biographies  are  dust." — Journal  of 
Education. 

Sketches  of  Lowly  Life  in  a 
Great  City. 

By  M.  A.  WOOLF.  Edited  by  Joseph 
Henius.  Over  150  illustrations.  Ob- 
long 4to,  $2.00. 

By  Washington  Irving. 

Rip  Van  Winkle. 
The  Legend  of  Sleepy  Hollow 

The  two  volumes  contain  15  full-page 
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American  Historic  Towns. 

Historic  Towns  of  New 
England. 

With  introduction  by  George  P.  Morris. 
With  161  illustrations.  8vo,  gilt  top, 
$3.50. 

The  towns  described  are :  Portland, 
Rutland,  Salem,  Boston,  Cambridge, 
Concord,  Plymouth,  Cape  Cod  Towns, 
New  Haven,  Hartford,  Deerfield, 
Newport,  Providence. 


Edited  by  Lyman  P.  Powell. 

Historic  Towns  of  the  Middle 
States. 

With  introduction  by  Dr.  Albert  Shaw. 
With  135  illustrations.  8vo,  gilt  top, 
$350. 

The  towns  described  are  ;  Albany.  Sara- 
togo,  Schenectady,  Newburg,  Tarry- 
town,  Brooklyn,  New  York.  Buffalo, 
Pittsburg,  Philadelphia,  Princeton, 
Wilmington. 


By  MARION  EAR  LAND. 
Some   Colonial    Homesteads 

And  Their  Stories.  With  87  illustra- 
tions. 8vo,  $3.00. 

"  A  notable  book,  dealing  with  early  Ameri- 
can history.  .  .  .  The  name  of  the  author  is  a 
guarantee  not  only  of  the  greatest  possible  ac- 
curacy as  to  facts,  but  of  the  attractive  treat- 
ment of  themes  absorbingly  interesting." — 
Rochester  Democrat. 

More  Colonial  Homesteads 

And  Their  Stories.  With  80  illustra- 
tions. 8vo,  $3.00. 

MORE  COLONIAL  HOMESTEADS 
includes,  among  others,  descriptions  and 
illustrations  of  John  Hall,  Johnstown, 
N.  Y. —  La  Chanmiere  du  Prairie,  Lex- 
ington, Ky.  —  Morven,  the  Stockton 
Homestead,  Princeton,  N.  J. — Scotia, 
the  Glen-Sanders  House,  Scnenect*dy, 
N.  Y.  —  Two  Schnyler  Homesteads, 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

Where  Ghosts  Walk. 

The  Haunts  of  Familiar  Characters  in 
History    and    Literature.     With   33 
illustrations.     8vo,  gilt  top,  $2.50. 
"Graphic  descriptions  of  historical  spots, 
with  enough  of  the  history  of  the  people  to 
make  a  very  attractive  and  instructive  volume. 
The  sketches  are  based  upon  personal  visits, 
and  are  written  with  bright,  captivating  en- 
thusiasm."—  The  Congregationalitt. 

Literary  Hearthstones. 

Studies  of  the  Home  Life  of  Certain 
Writers  and  Thinkers.  Fully  illus- 
trated. Kiiuo,  each,  $1.50;  per  set, 
$3.00. 

1.  Charlotte  Bronte. 

2.  William  Cowper. 

These  biographies  were  prepared  in 
the  very  neighborhoods  in  which  the 
subjects  of  them  lived,  wrought,  and 
died.  The  local  color  is  thus  carefully 
preserved . 


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394  THE     DIAl^  [Dec.  1, 

M.  F.  MANSFIELD  &  A.  WESSELS 

ANNOUNCE   FOR  THE   HOLIDAYS. 

"  A  veritable  edition  de  luxe" 

ALICE  IN  WONDERLAND  and 

THROUGH    THE    LOOKING    GLASS.     By  Lewis  Carroll. 

The  two  volumes  contain,  collectively,  some  twenty-two  illustrations  in  three  colors,  from  an  entirely  new  series 
of  drawings  made  for  this  edition  by  Blanche  McMauus.  Each  vol.,  SI. 50.  The  set  in  a  box  (2  vols.  4 to),  83. 
"  A  truly  sumptuous  edition  of  those  children's  classics  '  Alice  in  Wonderland  '  and  '  Through  the  Looking  Glass '  has 

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By  Dean  Farrar  and  Dean  Stanley. 
WESTMINSTER   ABBEY.     By  Dean  Farrar,  and 

THE    POET'S    CORNER.     By  Arthur  Penrhyn  Stanley. 

Bound  together  in  one  volume.     12mo,  illustrated,  antique  boards,  81.25. 

A  dainty  and  charming  gift  book,  as  well  as  one  which  will  be  recognized  by  all  as  authoritatively  treating 
the  subject.  Dean  Farrar's  intimate  knowledge  of  Westminster  aud  Dean  Stanley's  historical  account  of  the 
"  Monuments  of  the  Poets  "  are  brought  together  within  the  compass  of  a  small  volume. 

THE  TATLER. 

Edited  with  Introduction  and  Notes  by  GEORGE  A.  A ITKKN,  author  of  "  Life  of  Richard  Steele,"  etc.  4  vols., 
s vo,  cloth,  gilt  top,  each  with  photogravure  frontispiece,  the  set,  $10.00.  Uniform  with  Mr.  Aitken's  edition 
of  "  The  Spectator,"  already  issued. 

By  Joel  Benton. 


IN  THE  POE  CIRCLE. 

By  JOEL  BENTON.     With  some  account  of  the  Poe- 
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12ino,  cloth,  gilt  top,  illustrated,  81.25. 
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emanating  from  the  book." —  N.  Y,  Press. 


EMERSON  AS  A  POET. 

By  JOEL  BENTON.    12mo,  cloth,  gilt  top  with  portrait, 

81.25. 

"  An  important  addition  to  the  literature  anent  the  Con- 
cord philosopher." — Brooklyn  Eagle. 


By  Craven  Langstroth  Betts. 

A  GARLAND  OF  SONNETS. 

Sonnets  in  Praise  of  the  Poets.    With  thirty-three  reproductions  of  portraits  done  in  crayon.    Small  quarto,  Japan 
paper  cover  in  slip  case,  or  paper  boards,  81.25  net. 
A  volume  which  cannot  fail  to  please  all  book-lovers. 

PHILIP  FRENEAU. 

An  Account  of  the  Capture  of  the  Ship  Aurora. 

Reprinted  from  Freneau's  Log- Book.  8vo,  two  portraits  and  facsimile  of  Freneau's  log-book,  paper  boards,  SI. 50  net. 
Printed  on  Windsor  deckle  edge,  the  edition  limited  to  500  copies.  A  volume  which  cannot  fail  to  interest 
collectors  of  Americana  and  students  of  American  Revolutionary  history. 

Special  Miniature  Edition. 

RUBAIYAT  OF  OMAR   KHAYYAM. 

A  special  edition  on  Dutch  hand-made  paper.  FitzGerald's  fourth  translation,  with  an  address  given  at  the  Omar 
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a  new  design  by  Blanche  McManus.  32 mo,  gilt  top,  81  00. 

By  Henry  W.  Stratton. 

SPARKS  AND   FLAMES. 

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REPRESENTATIVE  PAINTERS  OF  THE 
NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 

By  Mrs.  ARTHUR  BELL  (N.  D'Anvers). 
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A   HISTORY  OF  THE   PIANOFORTE  AND 
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Translated  and  revised  from  the  German  of  OSCAR  BIE,  by 
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THE  HONEY=MAKERS 

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By  THOMAS  NELSON  PAGE,  author  of  "Red  Rock"  (now  in  its  sixtieth  thousand).    With  8  full-page 

illustrations  in  color  by  W.  Glackens.     12mo,  $1.50. 

Mr.  Page's  Christmas  story  will  appeal  to  the  universal  human  heart,  for  it  tells  how  a  child  transformed 
the  character  of  a  successful  business  man  whose  nature  had  become  hard  and  selfish  in  the  pursuit  of  wealth, 
and  is  told  with  all  the  charm  of  manner  and  tenderness  of  feeling  of  which  the  author  of  "  Marse  Chan  "  is 
the  master. 

A  New  Novel  by  Mrs.  Burnett. 

IN  CONNECTION  WITH  THE  DE  WILLOUQHBY  CLAIM. 

By  FRANCES  HODGSON  BURNETT.     12mo,  $1.50. 

In  this,  the  longest  and  most  important  novel  that  she  has  written  in  many  years,  Mrs.  Burnett  returns 
to  an  American  field  and  to  American  types,  drawn  with  all  the  charm  of  "  Louisiana  "  and  of  some  of  her 
earlier  stories,  but  with  the  added  strength  and  maturity  of  her  later  work.  The  book  is  remarkable  for  its 
original  plot,  and  will  probably  be  held  to  surpass  any  of  Mrs.  Burnett's  novels,  the  different  scenes  of  the 
story  being  laid  in  the  South,  in  New  England,  and  in  Washington.  The  De  Willonghby  Claim  is  a  claim 
that  is  being  fought  out  in  Congress;  and  Mrs.  Burnett's  intimate  knowledge  of  Washington  life  in  its  less 
familiar  phases  is  fully  drawn  upon. 

FISHERMAN'S  LUCK.     BY  HENRY  VAN  DYKE. 

Illustrated  by  Sterner,  Smedley,  Relyea,  and  French,  and  from  photographs.     Crown  8vo,  $2.00. 

"  Dr.  van  Dyke  has  brought  from  the  brooks  and  the  woods  a  fresh  and  genuine  note  into  our  literature  — a  note  in 
which  one  hears  the  fall  of  water,  the  stir  of  leaves,  and  the  sound  of  men  moving  and  speaking.  The  twelve  chapters 
which  make  up  this  book  of  stories  and  sketches  have  a  delightful  breeziness  of  spirit  and  a  sincere  literary  charm." — 
The  Outlook.  

THE  STONES  OF  PARIS  IN  HISTORY  AND  LETTERS. 

By  BENJAMIN  ELLIS  MARTIN  and  CHARLOTTE  M.  MARTIN.     With  60  illustrations.     2  volumes, 

12mo,  $4.00. 

No  attempt  is  made  in  this  book  to  resurrect  or  reconstruct  buried  Paris.  Only  those  remains  of  the  old 
city  which  still  stand,  concealed  and  unknown  often,  are  brought  before  the  reader;  and  as  he  sees  these  he 
learns  memories,  associations,  and  meaning.  So  even  to  those  who  know  the  Paris  of  to-day  there  is  shown 
the  wondrously  rich  old  Paris,  which  is  yet  so  new  to  most  persons  —  the  Paris  of  Molie're  and  La  Fontaine, 
of  Corneille  and  Racine,  of  Balzac  and  Hugo. 

NOVELS  AND  STORIES  BY  RICHARD  HARDING  DAVIS. 

"Never  has  Mr.  Davis' s  OLIVE   LEATHER  EDITION.      In  six  volumes,  "  Most  inviting  to  the  hand 

tZifu^m'Not^gt  fach    with    P^togravure    frontispiece.     Bound  and  eye.    The  pnnt  is  also 

lacking  to  make  thebooks per-  ^n   ^mP  leather,   gilt  top,   small    16mo.      (Sold  both  clear  and  handsome ." '— 

feet.'1—  New  York  Tribune.  only  in  sets.)      Price,  per  set,  $6.00  net.  New  York  Evening  Post. 

THE  LION  AND  THE  UNICORN.     Mr.  Davis's  new  book  (illustrated,  12mo,  $1.25). 
The  Boston  Herald  said  of  it :  "  The  volume  is  delightful  through  and  through.    His  men  and  women  have  hearts." 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  Publishers,  New  York  City 


404  THE     DIAL  [Dec.  1, 

THE  MACM1LLAN  COMPANY'S 

POMPEII:    Its  Life  and  Art. 

By  AUGUST  MAU,  German  Archaeological  Institute  in  Rome.  Translated  into  English  by  FRANCIS 
W.  KELSEY,  University  of  Michigan.  Profusely  illustrated  with  photogravures,  over  200  halftone  cuts 
and  numerous  maps,  plans,  etc.  8vo.  Cloth  extra,  gilt  top,  net,  -  -  $<;.00 

Not  a  translation  from  or  compilation  of  Professor  Mau's  standard  works  on  tbls  subject,  but  an  entirely  new  work  Intended 
to  answer  tbe  many  questions  which  visitors  to  or  readers  of  tbe  ruins  of  tbe  ancient  city  are  continually  asking.  After  a  brief 
account  of  tbe  city,  Its  early  blstory  and  Its  destruction,  follows  a  description  of  tbe  excavations  wblcb  have  been  made,  and 
tbe  various  buildings,  public  and  private,  wblcb  have  been  uncovered.  Tbe  volume  closes  witb  some  account  of  tbe  life  and 
customs  of  tbe  Inhabitants  as  exhibited  IL  tbetr  surroundings. 


THE    DESTRUCTION   OF   ANCIENT   ROME: 

A  Sketch  of  the  History  of  the  Monuments. 

By  RODOLFO  LANCIANI,  D.  C.  L.,  Professor  of  Ancient  Topography  in  the  University  of  Rome. 
Fully  illustrated.  "Handbooks  of  Archaeology  and  Antiquities."  12mo.  Cloth,  -  $2.00 

In  this  volume  Professor  Lanclanl— who  needs  no  Introduction  to  American  readers— has  given  us  a  pleasing  narrative 
embodying  the  results  of  his  Investigations  Into  the  fate  of  the  great  buildings  and  art  masterpieces  of  ancient  Rome  In  the 
Middle  Ages  and  modern  times.  Tbe  twenty-one  chapters  take  us  from  the  transformation  of  tbe  city  by  Augustus  to  tbe 
destruction  of  tbe  Tiburtine  Gate  by  Plus  IX.  to  obtain  stones  for  tbe  foundation  of  the  Column  commemorating  tbe  last 
Ecumenical  Council.  The  narrative  Is  full  of  surprises. 

THE    ROMAN    HISTORY   OF  APPIAN   OF   ALEXANDRIA. 

Translated  from  the  Greek  by  HORACE  WHITE,  M.  A.,  LL.D.  With  maps  and  illustrations.  "Bonn's 
Classical  Library."  In  two  volumes.  12mo.  Cloth,  gilt  tops,  net,  $3.00 

An  Indispensable  record  of  Roman  blstory,  in  general  a  continuation  of  that  by  Llvy,  but  one  of  which  no  other  accessible 
version  In  English  exists.  He  has  given  us  matter  of  absorbing  Interest,  and  has  preserved  for  us  facts  and  documents  of  the 
greatest  value  wbicb,  but  for  him,  would  have  been  wholly  lost. 

Prof.  W.  W.  GOODWIN,  of  Harvard  University,  writes:  "  Your  careful  editing  has  done  much  to  make  the  work  more  valu- 
able, and  I  am  sure  all  scholars  will  be  grateful  to  you  for  the  work  you  have  done  to  bring  Applan  out  into  a  brighter  light." 

AVE    ROMA   IMMORTALIS: 

Studies  from  the  Chronicles  of  Rome. 

By  FRANCIS  MARION  CRAWFORD.  In  two  volumes.  Fully  illustrated  with  photogravures 
and  drawings  in  the  text.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth  extra,  gilt  tops,  net,  -  $0.00 

"So  original  and  so  available  tbat  It  must  surely  take  the  place  of  all  other  books  about  Rome  wblcb  are  needed  to  help  one 
to  understand  Its  story  and  Its  archaeology."— Dr.  Weir  MUehtll. 

Send  for  a  List  of  Illustrated  Books  for  the  Young, 

THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY, 


1899.]  THE     DIAL  405 

NEW   HOLIDAY   BOOKS. 

THE    LIFE   AND    WORKS   OF  ALFRED    LORD    TENNYSON. 

New  edition  in  ten  volumes.  Fully  illustrated  with  portraits,  facsimiles,  etc.  12mo.  Sateen,  gilt 
tops.  Sold  only  in  sets,  $20.00 

This  is  the  only  complete  library  edition  of  Tennyson  published  in  this  country.  The  Memoir  by  the  present  Lord 
Tennyson  is  now  for  the  first  time  issued  in  a  style  uniform  with  the  poetical  works.  Each  volume  contains  a  photogravure 
frontispiece,  and  there  are  numerous  other  illustrations.  Four  volumes  contain  the  Memoir,  one  of  the  most  valuable  ever 
written  and  including  a  large  number  of  poems  published  in  no  other  form. 


WILD    EDEN. 

By  GEORGE  EDWARD  WOODBERRY,  author  of  "Heart  of  Man,"  "The  North  Shore  Watch," 
etc.  16mo.  Cloth,  ":  -M  $1.25 

This  new  volume  will  be  gladly  welcomed  by  all  those  who  care  for  poetry  and  are  familiar  with  Professor  Woodberry's 
verse  in  the  "Century"  or  in  his  earlier  volume  of  poems,  "The  North  Shore  Watch."  Besides  the  rare  distinction  of  this  author's 
style,  whether  in  prose  or  verse,  the  indescribable  quality  alluded  to  below,  the  book  will  interest  many  from  its  following  so 
closely  upon  his  "A  New  Defence  of  Poetry"  in  his  recent  volume  of  essays,  "Heart  of  Man,"  an  expression  of  the  author's 
theories  of  art,  in  a  review  of  which  was  said:  "Books  like  this  of  Mr.  Woodberry's  are  not  common.  It  is  not  alone  that  he  has 
a  polished  style,  a  wide  culture,  originality  of  thought  and  diction;  it  is  a  certain  nobility  of  feeling  and  utterance  which 
distinguish  "Heart  of  Man"  from  the  ruck  of  essays  on  literary  or  philosophical  subjects.  Those  who  are  familiar  with  Mr. 
Woodberry's  poetry  will  know  at  once  what  we  mean.  .  .  .  Those  who  care  for  really  good  reading  will  not  pass  this  book." 
—Providence  Journal. 


NATURE    PICTURES    BY   AMERICAN    POETS. 

Edited,  with  Introduction,  by  ANNIE  RUSSELL  MARBLE.     Crown  8vo.     Cloth,        :  «<  $1.25 

Songs  and  scenes  of  nature  poems  stimulating  and  valuable  to  all  who  would  foster  the  study  of  nature  by  the  modern 
methods.  Nature-poetry  has  a  special  mission  as  accompaniment  to  the  scientific  nature-study  of  the  day. 

By  courtesy  of  authors  and  publishers,  the  editor  has  been  able  to  include  in  the  anthology,  not  alone  selections  from  our 
earlier  poets  of  rank,  but  also  lyrics  and  sonnets  by  such  contemporaneous  poets  as  Aldrich,  Gilder,  Stedman,  Scollard,  Sherman, 
Cheney,  Eiley,  Dunbar,  Hovey,  Father  Tabb,  Lloyd  Mifflin,  Mrs.  Deland,  Miss  Guiney,  and  others. 


THE   LISTENING   CHILD. 

A  selection  from  the  stores  of  English  verse  made  for  the  youngest  readers  and  hearers.  By  LUCY 
W.  S.  THACHER.  With  an  introductory  note  by  THOMAS  WENTWORTH  HIGGINSON.  12mo.  Cloth, 
gilt  top,  -  $1.25 

This  is  a  well-considered  volume  of  verse  for  children,  and,  apart  from  the  charm  of  the  many  poems  selected,  the  book 
can  hardly  fail  to  be  a  valuable  introduction  to  the  better  work  in  verse,  which  can  be  appreciated  by  the  young. 

or  for  the  handsome  Illustrated  Christmas  Catalogue. 

66  FIFTH  AVENUE,   NEW  YORK. 


406  THE    DIAL  ID«-1. 

THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY'S 

LIGHTS  AND  SHADOWS  OF  A  LONG  EPISCOPATE. 

Being  the  Reminiscences  and  Recollections  of  the  Right  Reverend  HENRY  BENJAMIN  WHIPPLE, 
Bishop  of  Minnesota.  With  portrait  of  the  author  and  other  illustrations.  8vo.  Cloth,  gilt  top,  $5.00 

It  Is  a  most  interesting  narrative  that  Bishop  Wblpple  presents  In  this  volume.  As  Bishop  of  Minnesota  for  forty  years,  he 
has  been  brought  In  contact  with  men  of  all  sorts  and  conditions.  His  great  work  at  Faribault  is  well  known  throughout  the 
English-speaking  world,  and  his  interest  in  the  Indians  Is  hardly  greater  than  that  which  he  has  shown  for  the  colored  people  of 
the  South. 

But  this  is  only  one  side  of  bis  active  career.  As  Bishop  of  Minnesota  he  has  ever  held  a  high  position  In  ecclesiastical 
affairs  and  has  become  almost  as  well  known  In  England  as  In  this  country.  The  book  Is  filled  with  illustrations  of  people  and 
places  mentioned  In  the  text,  and  can  fairly  be  said  to  be  one  of  the  most  interesting  volumes  of  reminiscences  Issued  In 
recent  years. 

'•  A  work  of  varied  and  absorbing  Interest,  full  of  the  charm  of  nature  Instinct  with  the  graces  of  loving  sacrifice  and  the 
spirit  of  moral  courage  and  heroism;  full  of  a  sunny,  cheerful  trustfulness,  and  full,  too,  of  that  humor  which  Is  also  one  of  the 
Christian  graces. "—Th*  Churchman. 

"This  is  a  most  interesting  biography.  .  .  It  is  naive,  unconscious,  Informal,  conversational.  It  abounds  in  anecdotes. 
...  It  is  difficult  to  lay  down  our  pen.  There  are  fundamental  principles  Indicated  in  this  book  which  we  wish  to  ex- 
pound; anecdotes  which  we  wish  to  retell,  and  eloquent  paragraphs  which  we  would  fain  quote."—  Tht  Outlook. 

THE  DIARY  OF  SAMUEL  PEPYS. 

Edited  by  HENRY  B.  WHEATLEY,  F.8.A.  In  nine  volumes.  Profusely  illustrated  with  portraits, 
plans,  facsimiles,  etc.  "Bonn's  Historical  Library."  12mo.  Cloth.  $1.50,  net,  each  volume.  The  set 
of  nine  volumes,  .........  -  $13.50 

The  Diary  proper  is  complete  in  the  eight  volumes  previously  published.  The  ninth  volume  contains  the  Index  and  Pepys- 
lana,  which  is  a  vast  olla  podrida  of  jottings  on  the  more  interesting  topics  of  the  Diary,  and  of  other  miscellaneous  matter  illus- 
trative of  the  life  and  writings  of  Pepys.  It  is  all  learned,  and  much  of  it  is  vastly  entertaining. 

Mr.  Wbeatley  has  full  reason  to  be  proud  of  his  achievement,  which  makes  a  third  with  Dr.  Birkbeck  Hill's  "  Boswell,"  and 
Professor  Bury's  "  Gibbon,"  in  tbelist  of  really  great  modern  editions  of  post-Restoration  classics. 

"  As  an  introduction  to  the  literature  of  the  Restoration,  or,  indeed,  of  the  later  17th  and  of  the  18th  century,  as  a  whole,  the 
Diary  is  almost  invaluable."— Tfo  Dial. 

SCOTLAND'S  RUINED  ABBEYS. 

By  HOWARD  CROSBY  BUTLER,  A.M.,  sometime  Lecturer  on  Architecture  in  Princeton  Univer- 
sity, and  Fellow  of  the  American  School  of  Classical  Studies  in  Rome.  Fully  illustrated.  Square  8vo. 
Cloth  extra,  gilt  top,  •  $:i..">0 

A  twofold  purpose  has  produced  this  valuable  work— a  desire  to  supply ,  in  convenient  form,  an  accurate  guide  to  the  ruined 
abbeys  of  Scotland,  and  to  furnish  a  trustworthy  history  of  their  building  and  description  of  architectural  features. 

BOY  LIFE  ON  THE  PRAIRIE. 

By  HAMLIN    GARLAND,    Author  of  "Main-Travelled  Roads,"  "Rose  of  Dutcher's  Coolly," 
"  Prairie  Folks,"  etc.,  etc.    Illustrated  by  E.  W.  DEMIN<;.     12mo.    Cloth  extra,  gilt  top,  $1.50 

Pull  of  the  fresh  forcefulness  with  which  the  story  of  frontier  life  well  told  always  fascinates  wholesome  youth.  It  is  one 
of  those  rare  volumes  which  not  only  delight  the  heart  of  all  true  boys,  but  Instruct  at  the  same  time,  teaching  them  lessons  of 
pluck  and  endurance.  A  large  number  of  Illustrations,  both  full-page  and  In  the  text,  add  to  the  book's  attractiveness. 

Send  for  a  List  of  Illustrated  Books  for  the  Young, 

THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY, 


1899.]  THE     DIAL  407 

NEW  HOLIDAY  BOOKS.  

ABRAHAM    LINCOLN:     The  Man  of  the  People. 

By  NORMAN  HAPGOOD,  author  of  "Literary  Statesmen  and  Others,"  "Daniel  Webster,"  etc. 
Illustrated  in  photogravure  and  halftone  from  portraits,  and  with  numerous  facsimiles.  Crown  8vo. 
Half  leather,  gilt  top,  -  $2.00 

It  describes  his  important  accomplishments  in  politics  and  law  before  the  presidency,  his  principal  deeds  during  the  war 
and  his  attitude  on  leading  public  questions,  etc.,  in  a  personal  way,  keeping  the  man's  strong  and  racy  individuality  in  the 
foreground. 

"A  Life  of  Lincoln  that  has  never  been  surpassed  in  vividness,  compactness  and  lifelike  reality."—  Chicago  Tribune, 

"  Mr.  Hapgood's  is  a  typically  American  story  of  a  typically  American  man."— New  York  Herald. 

JUDGE  M ELLEN  CHAMBERLAIN  says :  "  It  is  a  remarkable  book.  Mr.  Hapgood  has  truly  presented  Lincoln  as  the  man  of  the 
people.  No  one  could  have  done  this  better  and  few  so  well.  I  feel  sure  that  it  will  live  in  literature." 

MB.  HAMILTON  W.  MABIE  says:  "  I  know  of  no  other  Life  which  takes  hold  of  Lincoln  as  a  man,  and  keeps  him  so  steadily 
in  a  clear  light;  and  this  is  done  without  in  any  way  sacrificing  the  man's  greatness  or  native  dignity  of  character." 

SOLDIER    RIGDALE: 

How  He  Sailed  in  the  "Mayflower,"  and  How  He  Served  Miles  Standish. 

By  BEULAH  MARIE  DIX,  author  of  "  Hugh  Gwyeth."  With  illustrations  by  REGINALD  BIRCH. 
12mo.  Cloth,  $1.50 

"  Among  the  historical  novels  of  the  early  settlement  of  America  (and  many  good  ones  have  been  published),  Miss  Beulah 
Marie  Dix's  must  at  once  take  a  place  of  eminence.  .  .  .  Miss  Dix  writes  with  a  dash  and  strength  that  is  amazing."— Boston 
Courier. 

BEN    COMEE:     A  Tale  of  Rogers'  Rangers. 

By  M.  J.  CANAVAN.    With  illustrations  by  GEORGE  GIBBS.    Cloth.    Crown  8vo,         -  $1.50 

A  description  of  a  boy's  life  in  Lexington  in  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  the  coming  on  of  the  Old  French  War,  and  how 
Ben  and  two  companions  enlisted  in  the  winter  of  1758-9  in  Rogers'  Rangers.  In  the  course  of  the  story  we  meet  with  Lord 
Howe,  John  Stark  and  Israel  Putnam,  and  the  adventures  end  with  Rogers'  great  expedition  into  the  heart  of  Canada  to  punish 
the  St.  Francis  Indians.  This  part  of  the  tale  is  particularly  vivid  and  intense.  The  story  is  told  in  a  simple  homespun  style 
and  abounds  in  local  color.  The  adventures  actually  happened,  thus  giving  the  story  the  added  value  of  historical  truth. 

RICHARD    CARVEL.      (!N  ITS  22OTH  THOUSAND  SINCE  JUNE   i.) 

By  WINSTON  CHURCHILL,  author  of  "The  Celebrity."  With  illustrations  by  MALCOLM 
FRASER  and  CARLTON  T.  CHAPMAN.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth,  gilt  top,  "*•"•  $1.50 

"  It  is  a  stirring  tale,  most  admirably  told,  of  life  in  Maryland  just  before  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  of 
contemporary  life  and  manners  in  certain  circles  in  London— a  series  of  thrilling  events  having  taken  the  young  Mary  lander  into 
the  very  heart  of  political  and  fashionable  life  of  the  London  of  Fox  and  Horace  Walpole.  For  most  of  us  such  a  novel  is  doubly 
valuable  if,  besides  being  thoroughly  entertaining  in  its  plot  and  its  romance,  and  of  good  literary  style,  it  is  also  accurate  in 
its  dealing  with  historical  facts,  and  illuminating  in  its  interpretation  of  movements  and  events.  Mr.  Churchill  has  not  merely 
worked  up  something  of  history,  of  manners  and  customs,  and  of  political  and  literary  biography  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the 
color  of  the  times  to  his  story,  but  he  has  evidently  brought  a  strong  and  clear  mind,  with  unflinching  resolution,  to  the  genuine 
understanding  of  the  larger  bearings  of  the  political,  economic  and  social  facts  of  the  times  in  which  his  characters  live  and 
move." — Review  of  Reviews. 

or  for  the  handsome  Illustrated  Christmas  Catalogue. 

66  FIFTH   AVENUE,   NEW   YORK. 


408  THE     DIAL  [Dec.  1, 

THE  MACM1LLAN  COMPANY'S 

THE    UNITED    KINGDOM:     A  Political  History. 

By  GOLDWIN  SMITH,  D.  C.  L.,  author  of  "The  United  States:  A  Political  History,"  "  Questions 
of  the  Day,"  "Guesses  at  the  Riddle  of  Existence,"  etc.  Two  volumes.  Crown  8vo,  -  -  $4.00 

Tbe  purpoM  of  Professor  Gold  win  Smith's  new  work  Is  clearly  suggested  by  its  sub-title.  It  Is  a  political  history  of  the 
United  Kingdom  from  the  earliest  times  to  the  Reform  Bill  of  1832.  It  Is  a  companion  to  his  former  work  on  "Tbe  United 
States:  A  Political  History,"  and.  read  together,  the  two  present  a  very  comprehensive  review  of  the  political  growth  of  the 
English-speaking  race. 

The  earlier  work  was  described  by  "The  Nation"  as:  "A  literary  masterpiece,  as  readable  as  a  novel,  remarkable  for  Its 
compression  without  dryness,  and  its  brilliancy  without  any  rhetorical  effort  or  display." 

THE   STORY   OF    FRANCE. 

From  the  Earliest  Times  to  the  Consulate  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte. 
By  the  HON.  THOMAS  E.  WATSON.    Medium  8vo.    Cloth,  gilt  tops.    In  two  volumes,    -     $5.00 

Vol.  I.    FROM  THE  SETTLEMENT  BY  THE  GAULS  TO  THE  DEATH  OP  Louis  XV. 
Vol.  II.  THE  REVOLUTION,  AND  TO  THE  CONSULATE  OP  NAPOLEON  BONAPARTE. 

In  a  review  of  the  first  volume,  Professor  Henry  M.  Balrd  said:  "  He  has  given  us  a  highly  Interesting  book  upon  one  of 
the  most  fascinating  themes  of  history.  'The  Story  of  France'  Is  the  fruit  of  great  research,  and  is  a  conscientious  and 
thoroughly  readable  presentation  of  a  great  theme." 

"The  American,"  of  Philadelphia:  "  Many  histories  of  France  have  been  written,  many  In  the  English  tongue,  but  none 
that  can  compare  with  thit.  A  more  brief,  direct,  yet  readable  history,  leaving  a  vivid  imprettion  upon  the  mind,  is  scarcely  Imagin- 
able. .  .  .  For  our  part,  we  look  upon  history  as  an  art,  by  the  study  of  which  we  may  learn  to  govern  ourselves  In  a  way  to 
avoid  the  pitfalls  that  have  been  the  undoing  of  great  peoples,  of  firmly  established  governments,  .  .  .  and  it  is  so  that  Mr. 
Watson  regards  history,  so  in  his  own  inimitable  style  that  he  has  written  the  history  of  France." 


FOR  YOUNGER   READERS. 

DRAKE  AND  HIS  YEOMAN. 

A  TRUE  ACCOUNTING  OP  THE  CHARACTER  AND  ADVENTURES  OP  SIR  FRANCIS 
DRAKE,  AS  TOLD  BY  SIR  MATTHEW  MAUNSELL,  HIS  FRIEND  AND  FOLLOWER, 
WHEREIN  IS  SET  FORTH  MUCH  OP  THE  NARRATOR'S  PRIVATE  HISTORY. 

By  JAMES  BARNES,  author  of  "Yankee  Ships  and  Yankee  Sailors,"  "For  King  or  Country," 
"A  Loyal  Traitor,"  etc.  With  illustrations  by  CARLTON  CHAPMAN.  Cloth.  Crown  8vo,  .-,- »(  $2.00 

A  story  of  adventure  which  is  a  matter  of  absolute  record  In  history,  and  Mr.  Barnes  has  gone  to  the  best  authorities  to 
gain  a  knowledge  of  his  subject.  All  the  persons  named  actually  existed  and  were  followers  of  Drake— bis  Yeomen,  as  he  called 
them;  and  the  history  reads  like  the  romance  of  a  Defoe. 

STORIES  FROM  FROISSART. 

By  HENRY  NEWBOLT,  author  of  "Admirals  All,"  "The  Island  Race,"  etc.  Illustrated.  12mo. 
Cloth  extra,  •• $1.60 

Besides  being  delightful  stories  In  themselves,  these  selections  and  their  many  quaint  illustrations  have  much  educational 
value  for  the  young  student. 

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SARACINESCA.     Illustrated  by  ORSON  LOWELL. 

By  FRANCIS  MARION  CRAWFORD,  author  of  "  Sant'  Ilario,"  "Corleone,"  etc.  In  two  vol- 
umes. Fully  illustrated.  Sateen,  giJt,  $5.00 

A  handsome  illustrated  edition  of  the  most  popular  of  Mr.  Crawford's  novels,  by  many  held  to  be  his  best  work.  The 
illustrations,  decorative  chapter  headings,  tailpieces,  etc.,  are  from  the  same  hand  as  those  in  the  beautiful  edition  of 
"The  Choir  Invisible,"  issued  a  year  ago — one  of  the  most  widely  sold  of  the  holiday  editions. 

"The  work  has  two  distinct  merits,  either  of  which  would  serve  to  make  it  great — that  of  telling  a  perfect  story  in  a  perfect 
way,  and  of  giving  a  graphic  picture  of  Roman  society.  .  .  .  The  story  is  exquisitely  told  and  is  the  author's  highest  achieve- 
ment as  yet  in  the  realm  of  fiction."—  The  Boston  Traveller. 

"  It  is  by  far  the  most  stirring  and  dramatic  of  all  the  author's  Italian  stories.  .  .  .  The  plot  is  a  masterly  one,  bringing 
at  almost  every  page  a  fresh  surprise,  keeping  the  reader  in  suspense  to  the  very  end."—  The  New  York  Times. 

"One  of  the  most  engrossing  novels  we  have  ever  read."— Times-Herald,  Chicago. 


VIA  CRUCIS:     A  Romance  of  the  Second  Crusade. 

By  FRANCIS  MARION  CRAWFORD,  author  of  "Saracinesca,"  "Ave  Roma  Immortalis,"  etc., 
etc.  Illustrated  by  Louis  LOEB.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth,  gilt  top, $1.50 

Mr.  Crawford  has  gone  back  to  the  middle  ages  for  the  scene  of  his  new  novel— a  story  of  the  most  intense  interest,  full  of 
the  spirit  of  chivalry  and  Christian  manhood.  The  main  outline  of  this  romance  of  the  Second  Crusade  is  based  upon  a  broad 
study  of  the  history  of  the  period.  Both  St.  Bernard  and  Queen  Eleanor  figure  as  characters,  the  hero's  fortunes  being  inter- 
woven with  those  of  the  gay  young  queen. 

"The  historian  will  approve  its  conscientious  historic  accuracy;  the  lover  of  adventure  will  find  his  blood  stir  and  pulses 
quicken  as  he  reads;  the  romantic  reader  will  find  here  a  tale  of  love  passionate  and  pure;  the  student  of  character  the  subtle 
analysis  and  deft  portrayal  he  loves."—  The  Times  Saturday  Review. 


THE  FAVOR  OF  PRINCES. 

By  MARK  LEE  LUTHER,  author  of  "The  Livery  of  Honour,"  etc.    Cloth.     Crown  8vo,    -    $1.50 

A  story  of  the  time  of  Louis  XV.  as  adventurous  as  any  lover  of  a  thrilling  situation  could  wish.  The  incidents  are  capi- 
tally conceived  and  handled  with  a  spirit  and  dash,  which,  coupled  with  the  scene,  inevitably  suggests  Dumas,  and  is  unsurpassed 
even  by  him. 

YOUNG  APRIL. 

By  EGERTON  CASTLE,  author  of  "The  Pride  of  Jennico,"  etc.,  etc.  With  illustrations  by 
A.  B.  WENZELL.  12mo.  Cloth  extra,  gilt  top, $1.50 

"The  aim  of  the  writer  would  appear  to  have  been  to  make  everything  in  his  book  contribute  to  one  rare  impression  of 
exquisite  romance.  Such  an  impression  he  unquestionably  conveys.  He  has  painted  youth  in  all  its  chivalry  and  ideality,  and 
has  preserved  its  delicate  bloom  to  the  end,  only  deepening  its  magical  effect  by  the  epilogue  in  which  he  touches  on  its  poignant 
place  in  the  recollections  of  maturity."— New  York  Tribune. 

"As  in  'The  Pride  of  Jennico,'  there  is  a  rare  degree  of  beauty  and  distinction  of  literary  style,  combined  with  dash,  color, 
and  a  fine  sweep  of  dramatic  movement." — The  Telegram,  Providence. 

or  for  the  handsome  Illustrated  Christmas  Catalogue. 

66   FIFTH   AVENUE,   NEW  YORK. 


4io  THE   DIAL  [D«>.i. 

THE  flACniLLAN  COflPANY'S 

LETTERS  FROM  JAPAN. 

A   Record  of  Modern  Life  in  the  Island   Empire. 

By  MRS.  HUGH  FRASER,  author  of  "Palladia, "etc.  With  250  Illustrations.  Two  volumes.  Silk 
cloth,  net,  -  -  $7.50 

Delightfully  Illustrated  home  letter*  from  the  wife  of  the  Hrltlsb  Minister  resident  In  Japan during  the  first  yean  of  the  new 
constitution  to  her  family  In  Rome— letters  of  which  "Literature"  says:  "Every  one  Is  a  valuable  contribution  to  our  knowledge 
of  the  Japanese." 

"Exquisite  word  pictures— altogether  delightful."—  The  Tribune,  Chicago.    "Simply  captivating."— Evening  Pott. 

AMONG  ENGLISH  HEDGEROWS. 

Written  and  illustrated  by  CLIFTON  JOBNSON.  With  an  Introduction  by  HAMILTON  W. 
MABIE.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth  extra,  gilt  top,  $2.25 

Clifton  Johnson  Is  probably  the  most  successful  of  those  illustrating  with  the  camera.  His  scenes  are  always  natural  and 
he  has  the  happy  faculty  of  catching  people  in  just  the  right  position  The  Illustrations  for  the  present  volume  cover  a  remark- 
able range  of  subjects,  and  present  a  collection  of  pictures  of  English  rural  life  of  notably  high  quality,  In  perfect  harmony  with 
his  text,  to  which  Mr.  Mable  has  supplied  a  sympathetic  introduction. 

LITTLE  NOVELS  OF  ITALY. 

By  MAURICE  HEWLETT,  author  of  "The  Forest  Lovers,"  "Song»«s*lleditation8,"  etc.  12mo. 
Cloth  extra,  gilt  top,  «  $1.50 

Contains  "  MADONNA  OP  THE  PEACH-TREE,"  "  IPPOLITA  IN  THE  HILLS,"   "THE  DUCHESS  OP 

NONA,"  "MESSERClNO  AND  THE  LIVE  COAL,"  and  "THE  JUDGMENT  OP  BORSO." 

"  Mr.  Hewlett  Is  one  of  those  rare  and  happy  authors  who  make  niches  for  themselves  quite  apart  from  the  ordinary  trend 
of  literature,  where  invidious  comparisons  cannot  reach  them.  The  quaint  mediaeval  quality  of  bis  '  Forest  Lovers '  has  cast  Its 
spell  over  countless  readers  even  while  they  questioned  wherein  that  spell  could  lie.  And  so  it  Is  with  his  latest  volume."— 
Commercial  Advertiter. 

"  The  range  of  his  an  would  alone  proclaim  his  remarkable  quality  as  an  author.  .  .  .  But  what  Impresses  the  reader  In 
Mr.  Hewlett's  scope  Is  not  merely  its  inclusion  of  many  types  and  passions  of  diverse  scenes  and  colors,  but  that  It  Involves  uni- 
formly a  sure  and  easy  seizure  of  the  fundamental  things  lying  unchanged  forever  beneath  the  surface."— JV«r  York  Tribune. 

"  His  plcturesqueness  and  the  other  qualities  of  his  style  are  all  his  own.  and  they  reveal  an  artistic  charm  that  Is  at  times 
fascinating  and  Is  always  attractive."— Chicago  Tribune. 

"The  style  is  forceful  and  picturesque,  and  the  stories  are  so  true  to  their  locality  that  they  read  almost  like  translations." 
—Xew  York  Timei. 

TALES  OF  LANGUEDOC. 

By  SAMUEL  JACQUES  BRUN.  With  an  Introduction  by  HARRIET  W.  PRESTON.  Illustrations 
by  ERNEST  C.  PEIXOTTO.  12mo.  Cloth  extra,  .  $1.50 

Professor  Bran's  stories  are  of  quite  exceptional  popular  Interest.  They  belong,  of  course,  with  folk-stories  and  fairy  tales, 
and  deal  with  those  elements  In  character,  situation  and  Incident  which  form  the  common  material  of  such  stories  the  world 
over;  and,  moreover,  they  are  unusually  direct,  energetic  and  entertaining.  They  are  charmingly  illustrated  by  Ernest  Peixotlo. 

Send  for  a  List  of  Illustrated  Books  for  the  Young, 

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NEW  HOLIDAY  BOOKS.  _ 

CHILD   LIFE  IN  COLONIAL  DAYS. 

Written  by  ALICE  MORSE  EARLE,  author  of  "Home  Life  in  Colonial  Days"  and  other  Domestic 
and  Social  Histories  of  Olden  Times.  With  many  illustrations  from  photographs.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth 
extra,  gilt  top,  $2.50 

It  is  a  book  to  delight  many  different  classes  of  readers,  and  although  not  primarily  intended  for  young  people,  it  cannot 
fail  to  be  of  absorbing  interest  to  the  younger  generation,  containing,  as  it  does,  so  much  of  amusement  and  instruction.  These 
volumes,  whether  read  separately  or  together,  present  a  commentary  on  early  life  in  this  country  quite  unequaled  in  our 
literature. 

HOME  LIFE  IN  COLONIAL  DAYS. 

By  ALICE  MORSE  EARLE.    Illustrated  by  photographs  gathered  by  the  author,  $2.50 

"Comparatively  little  has  been  done  until  now  toward  the  exposition  of  the  everyday  life  of  the  pioneersand  their  descend- 
ants; the  political  history  has  been  written,  but  the  domestic  has  been  neglected.  Alice  Morse  Earle  has  published  a  most  inter- 
esting volume  to  repair  this  deficiency,  in  her  book  on  '  Home  Life  in  Colonial  Days.'  The  volume  is  unique;  nothing  quite  like 
it  has  ever  been  attempted  -before."  —  Mail  and  Express. 

"  The  work  is  mainly  and  essentially  an  antiquarian  account  of  the  tools,  implements  and  utensils,  as  well  as  the  processes 
of  colonial  domestic  industry;  and  it  is  full  enough  to  serve  as  a  moderate  encyclopedia  in  that  kind.  .  .  This  useful  and 
attractive  book,  with  its  profuse  and  interesting  pictures,  its  fair  typography,  and  its  quaint  binding,  imitative  of  an  old-time 
sampler,  should  prove  a  favorite."  —  The  Dial. 

DIOMED:  The  Life,  Travels,  and  Observations  of  a  Dog. 

By  JOHN  SERGEANT  WISE.     Illustrated  by  J.  LINTON  CHAPMAN.    12mo.    Cloth,  gilt  top,  $2.00 
"  It  would  be  hard  to  flnd  a  book  on  field  sports  with  dog  and  gun  to  place  beside  this  as  its  equal,"  —  The  Chap  Book. 


FOR  THE  YOUNG   PEOPLE. 

WABENO  THE  MAGICIAN. 

The  Sequel  to  "  Tom  my- Anne  and  the  Three  Hearts." 

By  MABEL  OSGOOD  WRIGHT,  author  of  "Birdcraft,"  "Four-footed  Americans,"  etc.,  etc. 
Fully  illustrated  by  JOSEPH  M.  GLEASON.  12mo.  Cloth  extra,  $1.50 

Another  of  Mrs.  Wright's  delightful  nature  stories,  full  of  entertainment  and  instruction.  The  book  is  particularly  rich  in 
illustration,  as  there  are  numerous  full-page  halftone  engravings,  and  pen-and-ink  sketches  are  scattered  throughout  the  text. 
The  latter  are  largely  of  unfamiliar  flowers  and  plants,  made  familiar  in  the  author's  delightful  way. 

THE  JINGLE   BOOK.     SECOND  EDITION. 

By  CAROLYN  WELLS.    Illustrated  by  OLIVER  HERFORD.     Small  quarto.     Cloth,       -          $1.00 

No  more  delightful  gift  for  young  people  could  be  imagined  than  this  charming  book.    Author  and  artist  are  so  happily  in 

sympathy  with  each  other  that  the  clever  drawings  seem  essential  to  the  verses,  and  each  strives  to  outdo  the  other  in  whimsical 

comicalities.    Each  page  has  its  happy  surprise  and  it  will  be  a  prosaic  child  who  will  not  find  delight  in  both  pictures  and  jingles. 

or  for  the  handsome  Illustrated  Christmas  Catalogue. 

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[Dec.  1,  1899. 


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A  History  of  American  Privateers. 

By  EDGAR  STANTON  MACLAY,  A.M.,  author  of 
"A  History  of  the  United  States  Navy."  Uniform 
with  "A  History  of  the  United  States  Navy." 
One  volume.  Illustrated.  8vo,  83.50. 

A  History  of  the  People  of  the 

United  States. 

By  Prof.  JOHN  BACH  McM ASTER.  Vol.  V.  8vo. 
Cloth,  with  maps.  92.60.  Nearly  Ready. 

The  Mansfield  Calendar  for  1900. 

With  pictures  of  Richard  Mansfield's  favorite 
characters.  32  pages.  Printed  on  heavy  wood- 
cut papers.  9  z  12  inches.  75  cents. 

The  Seven  Seas. 

A  volume  of  poems  by  RCDTARD  KIPLING,  author 
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Uncle  Remus. 

His  Songs  and  his  Sayings.  By  JOEL  CHANDLER 
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Bird-Life. 

A  Study  of  our  Common  Birds.  By  FRANK  M. 
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1808-1897.  By  JOHN  SARTAIN.  Illustrated. 
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Mr.  Sullen'*  New  Book. 
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THE  DIAL 

Snni*iiBontf)Is  Journal  of  Eiteratg  Criticism,  Biscussion,  ant  £nf0rmati'0n. 


No.  823. 


DEC.  1,  1899.       Vol.  XXVIII. 


CONTENTS. 


OPERA  IN  CHICAGO 


PAOE 

.  413 

.  415 


COMMUNICATION       

Good  Literature  for  the  Young.     F.  M.  R. 

STEVENSON'S  LETTERS.    E.  G.  J 416 

FROM     ACCAWMACKE     TO     APPOMATTOX. 

Francis  Wayland  Shepardson    .......  418 

THE  NEW  BYRON.    Melville  B.  Anderson  ....  420 

THE    VALUE    OF    THE    HISTORY     OF    ART.' 

Edward  E.  Hale,  Jr 421 

HOLIDAY  PUBLICATIONS -1 424 

Michel's  Rubens,  his  Life,  Work,  and  Time. —  Gib- 
son's The  Education  of  Mr.  Pipp. —  Mackennal's 
Homes  and  Haunts  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers. — Malan's 
Famous  Homes  of  Great  Britain. — Parkman's  Mont- 
calm  and  Wolfe,  illustrated  edition.  —  Mitchell's 
Hugh  Wynne,  "Continental"  edition. —  Smedley's 
Life  and  Character.  —  Morrow's  Bohemian  Paris  of 
To- Day. —  Johnson's  Among  English  Hedgerows. — 
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lyle's  French  Revolution,  illustrated  edition.  —  Irv- 
ing's  Rip  Van  Winkle,  and  Legend  of  Sleepy  Hollow, 
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and  Studies  in  Greece,  illustrated  edition. —  George 
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editions.— Mrs.  Rowan's  Wild  Flowers.— Hawthorne's 
Marble  Faun,  "Roman"  edition.— Pyle's The  Price 
of  Blood. — Marion  Harland's  Literary  Hearthstones. 
— New  volumes  in  the  Thumb- Nail  Series. —  Drake's 
Historic  Mansions  and  Highways  around  Boston. 

—  Thompson's  The  Trail  of  the  Sandhill  Stag.— 
Ford's  Cupid  and  the  Footlights.— Streamer's  What 
Makes  a    Friend,   and    In    Friendship's    Name.  — 
Crane's  The  Sirens  Three.  —  Strang's  Famous  Ac- 
tresses in  America. — Hemstreet's  Nooks  and  Corners 
of  Old  New  York. — MacManus's  In  Chimney  Corners. 

—  Marion  Harland's  More  Colonial  Homesteads. — 
Miss  Wilson's  Romance  of  our  Ancient  Churches.  — 
Miss  Hartshorne's  For  Thee  Alone.  — Westley's  For 
Love's  Sweet  Sake.  —  Historic  Towns  of  the  Middle 
States. —  Shakespeare's   Sonnets,    illus.    by    Henry 
Ospovat.— The  Copley  Series  of  Standard  Works. 

BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG  — 1 432 

What  the  season  brings. —  Stories  of  school  and  col- 
lege.—  Student  life  of  girls. —  Tales  of  war  and  ac- 
tion.—  American  history  to  the  Revolution. —  From 
1812  to  the  Civil  War.—  From  Cuba  to  the  Philip- 
pines. —  Invention  and  discovery.  —  Travel  and 
adventure.  —  Various  sorts  of  heroes.  —  For  boys 
chiefly.  —  Books  for  both  boys  and  girls.  —  About 
girls  and  for  them  . —  For  younger  readers. — Stories 
of  animals. — Indians  and  golliwoggs.  —  Fairytales 
and  fables. — Anthologies,  new  editions,  and  annuals. 

LITERARY  NOTES 437 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS 438 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  438 


OPERA  IN  CHICAGO. 

The  annual  season  of  grand  opera  in  Chi- 
cago is  now  practically  at  an  end,  and  the  re- 
sult is  a  very  distinct  announcement  on  the 
part  of  Mr.  Maurice  Grau  that  he  will  not  re- 
turn another  year  unless  a  reasonable  guaranty 
of  financial  support  be  provided.  This  an- 
nouncement is  not  made  in  a  spirit  of  peevish- 
ness, but  rather  in  a  tone  of  genuine  regret 
that  Chicago  should  be  no  longer  willing  to 
give  adequate  support  to  an  opera  company 
whose  efforts  are  based  upon  the  highest  stand- 
ard of  artistic  achievement.  It  is  the  logical 
consequence  of  the  small  attendance  at  the 
recent  performances,  coupled  with  the  similar 
experience  of  the  organization  during  the  last 
three  years.  Clearly  Mr.  Grau  and  his  associ- 
ates cannot  be  expected  to  produce  opera  in 
Chicago  or  any  other  city  at  a  heavy  yearly 
loss,  and  this  is  what  they  have  been  doing 
since  1895.  Up  to  that  date,  the  weekly  re- 
ceipts for  several  years  had  averaged  some- 
thing like  fifty  thousand  dollars;  during  the 
last  four  years  they  have  declined  to  something 
like  thirty  thousand  dollars.  In  New  York 
and  Boston,  Mr.  Grau  informs  us,  the  advance 
subscriptions  alone  for  the  coming  season 
amount  to  more  than  this  sum  per  week;  and 
in  view  of  these  facts,  he  is  compelled  to  say 
that  his  philosophy,  "as  far  as  Chicago  is  con- 
cerned, has  reached  the  limit." 

No  fair-minded  person  can  quarrel  with 
either  this  reasoning  or  its  logical  outcome. 
Such  a  company  of  singers  as  have  been 
brought  together  for  the  present  year  is  un- 
surpassed in  the  history  of  opera,  and  cannot 
be  paralleled  anywhere  in  the  world.  Mr.  Grau 
hardly  exceeds  the  bare  truth  when  he  says : 
"If  all  the  remaining  singers  in  Europe  were 
to  be  combined  in  one  company,  it  would  not 
equal  in  merit  the  company  now  appearing  at 
the  Chicago  Auditorium."  There  have  been 
a  few  unfortunate  substitutions  in  the  casts  of 
the  works  presented,  but  the  performances  as 
a  whole  have  been  of  a  degree  of  artistic  excel- 
lence that  is  rarely  attained  in  any  city  of 
Europe.  This  year,  as  well  as  for  the  five  or 
six  years  preceding,  Mr.  Grau  has  organized  a 
company  which  has  been  capable  of  reaching 


414 


TIIK    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


what  ten  years  ago  was  thought  an  impossible 
ideal,  a  company  whose  resources  have  been 
such  as  to  make  possible  the  production  of  Ger- 
man, French,  and  Italian  works  in  the  lan- 
guages in  which  they  were  written.  We  are  no 
longer  confined,  as  in  years  not  very  long  past, 
to  Italian  opera,  but  have  been  given  German 
opera  and  French  opera  instead  of  inartistic 
Italian  translations  of  the  French  and  German 
masterpieces.  In  Chicago,  we  have  had,  more- 
over, the  services  of  the  local  orchestra  —  that 
is,  of  such  an  orchestra  as  no  other  city  in  Amer- 
ica, and  few  others  in  Europe,  can  command 
for  operatic  purposes.  And  we  have  also  a  hall 
of  unsurpassable  acoustic  qualities,  and  of  such 
dimensions  that  it  becomes  possible  to  offer  per- 
formances of  the  highest  class  at  prices  from 
one-half  to  two-thirds  of  those  that  obtain  in 
nearly  all  other  cities,  large  and  small.  But 
in  spite  of  these  manifest  advantages,  we  have 
so  neglected  our  opportunities  that  they  now 
bid  fair  to  be  withdrawn  altogether. 

The  situation  thus  outlined  is  a  curious  one, 
and  we  do  not  wonder  that  Mr.  Grau  is  dis- 
heartened. The  showing  is  discreditable  for  a 
city  with  metropolitan  aspirations,  a  city  big 
enough  to  display  active  jealousy  of  New  York, 
and  wealthy  enough  to  support  a  three  months' 
rather  than  a  three  weeks'  season  of  opera.  It 
is  a  situation  too  complex  to  be  explained  by 
any  one  formula,  and  sufficiently  interesting 
to  be  worth  some  attempt  at  analysis.  We 
have  followed  the  history  of  opera  in  Chicago 
with  fairly  close  attention  for  the  past  twenty- 
five  years,  and  it  may  be  worth  while  to  set 
forth  a  few  of  the  conclusions  that  have  been 
forced  upon  us  by  this  lengthy  and  varied  ex- 
perience. 

The  first  consideration  to  which  we  would 
call  attention  is  of  a  very  petty  nature,  but  we 
believe  it  to  be  a  serious  factor  in  the  present 
problem.  While  it  is  true  that  Chicago  gets 
opera  at  lower  prices  than  any  other  city,  it  is 
also  true  that  it  possesses  an  opera  house  of 
such  capacity  as  to  make  low  prices  advisable 
even  from  the  strictly  business  point  of  view  of 
the  management.  Now  the  traditional  price  of 
opera  in  Chicago,  maintained  for  many  years 
before  the  Auditorium  became  available,  was 
three  dollars.  In  only  two  or  three  special 
cases  —  such  as  those  of  Madame  Lucca  and 
Madame  Patti  —  was  this  price  ever  exceeded 
until  about  four  years  ago,  when  Mr.  Grau 
took  the  ill-advised  step  of  adding  fifty  cents 
to  this  sum.  The  decline  of  receipts  began  at 
that  time,  and  has  continued  ever  since.  Fifty 


cents  is  a  small  matter,  but  the  very  pettiness 
of  the  advance  caused  it  to  be  resented,  and  we 
believe  that  it  would  have  been  wiser  to  forego 
it  altogether,  or  even  to  make  it  a  still  larger 
amount.  The  problem  is  a  familiar  one  to 
students  of  economics  ;  it  is  that  of  determin- 
ing the  price  at  which  profits  will  reach  their 
maximum  aggregate.  It  is  something  to  be 
found  out  by  experiment  alone ;  and  Mr.  Grau's 
experiment  has  proved  unfortunate.  We  do 
not  doubt  that  he  would  have  had  larger  re- 
ceipts every  year  had  he  adhered  to  the  tradi- 
tional scale  of  prices,  and  we  think  it  quite 
possible  also  that  a  considerably  augmented 
scale  of  prices  would  have  operated  in  the  same 
way,  although  in  this  case  with  the  accompan- 
iment of  smaller  audiences  and  conspicuously 
large  vacant  tracts  in  the  body  of  the  house. 

Another  consideration  is  that  opera  of  a 
sort  —  and  sometimes  of  a  very  good  sort  — 
has  of  late  been  offered  to  the  Chicago  public 
upon  increasingly  frequent  occasions  at  little 
more  than  ordinary  theatre  prices,  and,  dur- 
ing the  past  year,  at  even  less  than  those 
prices.  This  must  have  had  its  effect  upon 
an  indiscriminating  public,  in  which  artistic 
appreciation  is  not  developed  to  the  point  of 
realizing  the  vast  difference  between  fine  and 
ordinary  performances.  To  a  logical  mind, 
the  former  is  richly  worth  two  or  three  times 
as  much  as  the  latter ;  but  the  mind  of  the 
average  opera-goer  is  not  always  logical. 

Then  there  have  been  many  minor  annoy- 
ances. Those  have  been  disappointments  in  the 
case  of  individual  singers  of  whose  appearance 
there  was  a  reasonable  expectation,  and  disap- 
pointments in  the  case  of  substitutions  of 
works  and  changes  of  bills  concerning  which 
the  public  has  been  left  uninformed  until  the 
last  possible  moment.  There  have  been  now 
and  then  such  artistic  blots  as  the  principal 
singers  discoursing  to  one  another  in  different 
languages — an  Italian  Tannhauser  with  a  Ger- 
man Frau  Venus,  for  example  —  and  usually 
a  chorus  singing  Italian  to  the  French  of  a 
Faust  or  the  German  of  a  Lohengrin.  Works 
have  often  been  given  with  essential  parts 
omitted,  and  this  without  any  warning  to  the 
public,  as  in  the  cases  of  "  Les  Huguenots  " 
and  "  Guglielmo  Tell."  There  has  frequently 
been  stage-management  of  the  most  slovenly 
sort ;  the  fire  scene  in  «»  Die  Walkure  "  has 
never  been  decently  done  in  Chicago,  the  clos- 
ing scene  in  "  Tannhauser  "  has  been  robbed 
of  all  its  ethical  effectiveness,  and  the  final  apo- 
theosis of  "  Faust  "  has  been  converted  into  a 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


415 


grotesque  anti-climax.  In  operas  that  include 
a  ballet,  there  has  been  hardly  an  apology  for 
that  feature,  and  in  the  case  of  "  Faust  "  the 
great  Walpurgis  Night  scene  has  been  habitu- 
ally left  out  altogether.  The  stage  sets  have 
grown  shabbier  every  year,  and  no  attempt  has 
been  made  to  provide  new  ones.  Finally,  the 
boys  who  sell  "  books  of  the  opera  "  have  been 
permitted  to  cry  their  wares  throughout  the  per- 
formance of  the  overture,  although  it  might  be 
the  Vorspiel  to  "  Lohengrin"  or  the  introduc- 
tion to  "  Tristan  and  Isolde,"  neither  of  which 
can  be  really  heard  unless  the  most  absolute 
silence  obtains. 

All  these  things  taken  together  constitute  a 
heavy  indictment,  and  Mr.  Grau  will  do  well  to 
ponder  upon  them.  They  have  shown  a  reck- 
less disregard  of  the  minor  details  of  art,  which 
are  to  the  sensitive  mind  almost  as  important 
as  the  leading  features.  They  have  resulted 
from  the  mistaken  theory  that  opera  is  a  thing 
for  fashionable  diversion  and  not  a  means  of 
serious  culture.  They  have  combined  with  other 
influences  to  create  a  thoroughly  unhealthy  con- 
dition of  affairs ;  these  things,  and  the  vicious 
"  star  "  system,  and  the  meagreness  of  the  re- 
pertoire presented  from  year  to  year,  are  ample 
to  account  for  the  f alling-off  which  is  so  greatly 
deplored.  Concerning  the  limited  repertoire  of 
recent  years,  more  than  a  word  of  comment  is 
called  for.  The  frequency  with  which  such 
works  as  "  Martha  "  and  "  II  Trovatore  "  and 
"  Romeo  et  Juliette  "  have  been  brought  for- 
ward is  an  affront  to  the  public  intelligence. 
They  are  third-rate  compositions,  and  it  is  de- 
plorable to  waste  upon  them  the  resources  of  an 
organization  which  is  capable  of  the  highest 
achievements.  It  will  not  do  to  plead,  as  Mr. 
Grau  does,  that  his  recent  experiments  in  new 
works  have  resulted  in  empty  houses.  If  he 
means  such  operas  as  those  of  Massenet,  they 
deserved  no  better  fate.  But  if  he  means  such 
works  as  "  Falstaff  "  and  "  Otello,"  the  public 
may  be  trusted  to  appreciate  them  in  good  time. 
Every  manager  ought  to  plan  for  the  future, 
even  at  some  present  and  temporary  loss  ;  the 
great  works  will  find  hearers  in  the  end,  and  in 
such  numbers  as  to  compensate  for  the  loss  that 
they  may  have  occasioned  in  their  earlier  pres- 
entations. To  give  up,  and  fall  back  upon  the 
old  hackneyed  favorites,  merely  because  an  un- 
familiar but  meritorious  composition  does  not 
at  once  command  popular  applause,  is  to  save 
the  present  situation  only  at  the  cost  of  losing 
all  control  of  the  future.  It  is  not  only  the 
new  works  that  are  neglected,  but  the  acknowl- 


edged classics  as  well.  Why  do  we  so  seldom 
hear  "  Fidelio,"  and  why  do  we  almost  never 
hear  "  Orfeo  "  or  "  Die  Zauberflote  "?  Among 
comparatively  recent  works,  why  does  not 
"  Mefistofele  "  stay  in  the  current  repertoire, 
why  has  "  La  Gisconda  "  been  missing  from  it 
for  many  years,  and  why  has  Mr.  Reyer's  "  Si- 
gurd "  never  found  a  way  into  it  ?  The  simple 
fact  remains  that  the  round  of  works  that  one 
gets  a  chance  to  hear  becomes  narrower  all  the 
time,  and  in  this  condition  of  affairs  there  is  no 
hope  for  permanence  of  interest  in  one  of  the 
noblest  forms  of  art.  Fifteen  and  twenty  years 
ago  in  Chicago,  although  no  such  companies 
and  singers  as  those  which  now  come  to  us  were 
known,  the  seeker  after  operatic  culture  in  this 
city  was  given  the  opportunity  of  hearing  a  far 
greater  variety  of  works,  in  performances  that 
were  at  least  tolerable.  If  opera  is  to  be  saved 
from  the  condition  of  dry  rot  into  which  it  is 
now  rapidly  falling,  it  must  be  done  chiefly  by  a 
decided  enlargement  of  repertoire,  including 
the  revival  of  many  neglected  classics,  and  by  a 
far  more  conscientious  attention  to  artistic  de- 
tails than  has  recently  obtained. 


COMMUNICA  TION. 


GOOD  LITERATURE  FOR  THE  YOUNG. 

(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

As  the  head  of  a  large  family,  in  whose  interest  1 
have  been  studying  educational  methods  for  twenty 
years  past,  may  I  say  a  word  in  commendation  of  your 
leading  article  in  the  current  number  of  THE  DIAL  ? 
Although  you  have  said  it  much  better  than  I  could 
have  done,  you  have  exactly  expressed  my  feeling  as  to 
the  great  importance  of  familiarizing  the  young  mind 
with  the  best  literature,  and  training  the  memory  by 
compelling  its  use  in  the  highest  degree.  Modern  edu- 
cators seemed  to  have  overlooked  the  old  truth  that 
there  is  "  no  royal  road  to  learning."  From  the  kinder- 
garten, through  the  primary  school  certainly,  if  no 
farther,  everything  is  made  as  easy  as  possible  for  the 
child.  He  is  expected  to  observe  many  things,  and  to 
learn  very  few.  In  place  of  the  good  old  method  of 
memorizing  and  analyzing  masterpieces  of  the  poets,  he 
is  coaxed  and  amused  by  pretty  songs  and  games.  There 
is  something  to  be  said,  I  suppose,  for  the  new  ways,  for 
the  children  (naturally)  like  them;  but  I  cannot  think 
that  true  mental  discipline  can  be  acquired  without  hard 
work;  and  it  seems  to  me  that  any  thinking  man  or 
woman  who  was  educated  under  the  system  of  thirty  or 
forty  years  ago  must  be  grateful  for  the  steady  grind 
which  strengthened  mind  and  memory  alike,  and  which 
fostered  a  taste  for  the  highest  in  literature  —  which 
compelled  the  student  to  look  up  for  his  mental  food 
rather  than  to  find  it  on  the  level  of  his  own  untrained 
mind. 


F.  M.  R. 


Chicago,  November  17,  1899. 


416 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


$Uto  goohs. 


STEVJENSON'S  LETTERS.* 

Those  who  enjoyed  —  and  that  is  to  say  all 
who  read — the  series  of  Stevenson  letters  in 
44  Scribner's  Magazine  "  will  be  glad  to  know 
that  the  comely  volumes  now  before  us  are  not 
a  mere  reprint  of  those  pleasant  epistles,  but 
contain  in  addition  to  them  nearly  as  many 
new  ones  of  equal  interest  and  quality.  It  is 
rather  late  in  the  day  now  to  trumpet  in  a 
review  Robert  Louis  Stevenson's  gift  as  a  let- 
ter writer.  His  place  with  the  half-score  or  so 
of  moderns  who  have  excelled  in  this  alleged 
lost  art  is  already  as  secure  as  FitzGerald's, 
and  it  is  no  great  venture  in  opinion  to  say 
that  his  letters —  the  really  Stevensonian  ones, 
we  mean,  the  ones  that  make  us  wonder  the 
more  at  the  miraculous  fact  that  the  writer  of 
such  whimsical,  fantastical,  delightfully  non- 
sensical missives  was  a  Scotchman  —  are  easily 
the  best  in  their  kind  that  have  appeared  in 
print  since  Lamb's.  If  Tusitala  carried  in  his 
mind's  eye  any  epistolary  model  at  all,  which 
is  doubtful,  that  model  was  assuredly  44  Elia." 

Stevenson,  whe  had  a  modest  opinion  of  his 
own  work  in  general  ("  a  great  performer  be- 
fore the  Lord  on  the  penny-whistle,"  he  calls 
himself),  sincerely  believed  himself  to  be  a 
dismal  and  constitutional  failure  as  a  corres- 
pondent. The  content  of  his  letters  he  forcibly 
styled  "  rot "  ;  and  he  thought  his  mind  one 
44  essentially  and  originally  incapable  of  the  art 
epistolary."  It  would  be  difficult,  indeed,  to 
specify,  for  the  satisfaction  of  the  unco-literal 
and  serious-minded,  just  wherein  lies  the  ele- 
ment of  permanent  and  positive  value  in  his 
letters,  very  much  as  it  would  be  difficult  to 
satisfy  "  Mr.  Gradgrind "  as  to  the  abiding 
merits  of  Lamb's  essay  on  roast  pig.  Their 
charm  is  a  subtle  essence,  potent  but  elusive. 
As  to  form,  they  have  none:  It  is  their  spe- 
cialty to  have  none.  As  to  matter,  Stevenson's 
own  epithet  •  •  rot  "  has  a  certain  applicability 
to  not  a  few,  and  even  to  some  of  the  most 
characteristic,  of  them  —  to  the  following  one 
to  James  Payn,  for  instance,  which  44  Elia  " 
himself  might  have  written  to  Manning.  Stev- 
enson writes  from  the  steamer  "  Liibeck,"  and 
in  the  character  of  an  ancient  mariner. 

"  Excuse  a  plain  seaman  if  he  regards  with  scorn  the 
likes  of  you  pore  landlubbers  ashore  now.  (Reference 

•THE  LETTERS  OF  ROBERT  Louis  STEVEWSOX.  Edited 
by  Sidney  Colvin,  with  illustration*  by  Gne>in  and  £.  C. 
Pmzotto.  In  two  rob.  New  York  :  Charles  Scribner's  Sou. 


to  nautical  ditty).  Which  I  may  however  be  allowed 
to  add  that  when  eight  months'  mail  was  laid  by  my 
side  one  evening  in  Apia,  and  my  wife  and  I  sat  up 
most  of  the  night  to  peruse  the  same  —  (precious  indis- 
posed we  were  next  day  in  consequence)  —  no  letter, 
out  of  to  many,  more  appealed  to  our  hearts  than  one 
from  the  pore,  stick-in-the-mud,  land-lubbering,  com- 
mon (or  garden)  Londoner,  James  Payn.  Thank  you 
for  it;  my  wife  says,  'Can't  I  see  him  when  we  get 
back  to  London  ? '  I  have  told  her  the  thing  appeared 
to  me  within  the  spear  of  practical  politix.  .  .  How 
you  skim  along,  you  and  Andrew  Lang  (different  as 
you  are),  and  yet  the  only  two  who  can  keep  a  fellow 
smiling  every  page,  and  ever  and  again  laughing  out 
loud.  I  joke  wi'  deeficulty,  I  believe;  I  am  not  funny; 
and  when  I  am,  Mrs.  Oliphant  says  I'm  vulgar.  .  .  . 
My  dear  sir,  I  grow  more  and  more  idiotic;  I  cannot 
even  feign  sanity.  Sometime  in  the  month  of  June 
a  stalwart,  weather-beaten  man,  evidently  of  seafaring 
antecedents,  shall  be  observed  wending  his  way  between 
the  Athenaeum  Club  and  Waterloo  Place.  Arrived  off 
No.  17,  he  shall  be  observed  to  bring  his  head  sharply 
to  the  wind,  and  tack  into  the  outer  haven.  '  Captain 
Payn  in  the  harbour  ? '  '  Ay,  ay,  sir.  What  ship  ? ' 
1  Barquentine  R.  L.  S.,  nine  hundred  and  odd  days  out 
from  the  port  of  Bournemouth,  homeward  bound,  with 
yarns  and  curiosities.' " 

Stevenson  was  a  man  of  genius,  and  of  a  keen 
eye  and  a  singularly  independent  mind,  and 
the  fact  that  he  was  so  is  flashed  upon  us  often 
enough  and  brilliantly  enough  in  his  letters ; 
but  their  purely  intellectual  quality  is  by  no 
means  their  dominant  and  characteristic  qual- 
ity. We  cannot  dispose  of  the  collection 
by  affixing  to  it  the  serviceable  old  labels, 
44 freighted  with  wisdom"  and  "  charged  with 
sober  reflection."  Of  deliberate  speculation 
or  theorizing  upon  the  graver  problems  of  life, 
there  is  hardly  a  trace.  That  Stevenson,  a 
thoughtful  man,  a  man  of  imagination  and  keen 
sensibility,  to  whom  for  years  death  had  been 
visibly  beckoning,  pondered  much  and  pain- 
fully upon  those  problems,  may  be  taken  for 
granted.  But  whatever  forebodings,  whatever 
spiritual  doubts  and  misgivings  may  have 
haunted  him,  he  kept  them  to  himself  like  a 
man,  and  did  not  transmit  them  through  the 
mails  to  his  friends.*  As  a  correspondent, 
from  this  point  of  view,  no  stronger  contrast 
to  this  sunny  and  gallant  spirit  can  be  sug- 
gested than  his  friend  John  Addington  Sy- 
monds,  who  wrote,  as  it  might  seem,  with  his 
coffin  before  him,  who  groaned  and  fretted  over 
the  hereafter  through  reams  of  sepulchral  cor- 
respondence, and  whose  letters,  however  elo- 
quent, profound,  and  mournfully  edifying  they 
may  be,  are  not  seldom  about  as  cheery  and 
enlivening  as  the  wail  of  a  banshee. 

•  In  one  instance  we  find  him  admitting :  "  I  hate  diffusing 
the  scent  of  the  charnel.  I  am  doing  it,  however,  in  this 
letter." 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


417 


As  mere  chronicles,  Stevenson's  letters  are  of 
no  great  value.  "I  deny,"  he  writes  in  one  of 
them,  "that  letters  should  contain  news  (I  mean 
mine,  other  people's  should)";  and  so,  as  a  rule, 
he  consistently  refrained  from  pelting  his  cor- 
respondents with  facts  ("  sordid  facts,"  he  calls 
them)  about  himself  and  the  world  he  moved 
in.  As  the  excellent  editor,  Mr.  Colvin,  re- 
marks, the  letters  are  not  at  all  of  the  sort  that 
can  be  woven  into  the  texture  of  a  biographical 
narrative.  Were  we  to  attempt  to  divine  the 
secret  of  their  worth  and  charm,  of  the  hold 
they  now  have,  and  will  long  continue  to  have, 
upon  almost  all  classes  of  readers,  we  should 
say  that  it  lies  in  their  complete  spontaneity, 
and  in  the  resulting  fact  that  they  place  us 
closely  en  rapport  with  one  of  the  rarest  and 
most  captivating  personalities  that  ever  graced 
the  profession  of  letters.  They  reflect  as  a 
mirror  the  mood  of  the  moment,  the  passing 
whim,  the  fleeting  humor  of  this  mutable,  kindly 
spirit,  "  most  fantastic  but  most  human."  Mr. 
Colvin  assures  us  that  the  letters  at  their  best 
"  come  nearer  than  anything  else  to  the  full- 
blooded  charm  and  variety  of  Stevenson's  con- 
versation." Of  that  conversation  Mr.  Henley 
has  written :  * 

"I  leave  his  praise  in  this  direction  (the  telling  of 
Scottish  vernacular  stories)  to  others.  It  is  more  to  my 
purpose  to  note  that  he  will  discourse  with  you  of 
morals,  music,  marbles,  men,  manners,  metaphysics, 
medicine,  mangold-wurzel  —  que  scays-je  f  —  with  equal 
insight  into  essentials  and  equal  pregnancy  and  felicity 
of  utterance  ;  and  that  he  will  stop  with  you  to  make 
mud  pies  in  the  first  gutter,  range  in  your  company 
whatever  heights  of  thought  and  feeling  you  have  found 
accessible,  and  end  by  guiding  you  to  altitudes  far  nearer 
the  stars  than  you  have  ever  dreamed  of  footing  it;  and 
that  at  the  last  he  makes  you  wonder  which  to  admire 
the  more  —  his  easy  familiarity  with  the  Eternal  Veraci- 
ties or  the  brilliant  flashes  of  imbecility  with  which  his 
excursions  into  the  infinite  are  sometimes  diversified. 
He  radiates  talk,  as  the  sun  does  light  and  heat;  and 
after  an  evening  —  or  a  week  —  with  him,  you  come 
forth  with  a  sense  of  satisfaction  in  your  own  capacity 
which  somehow  proves  superior  even  to  the  inevitable 
conclusion  that  your  brilliance  was  but  the  reflection  of 
his  own,  and  that  all  the  while  you  were  only  playing 
the  part  of  Rubinstein's  piano  to  Sarasate's  violin." 

Let  us  add  to  this  somewhat  extravagant 
flight  of  Mr.  Henley's  an  observation  of  Mr. 
Colvin's  on  a  certain  eccentric  side  of  Steven- 
son's character  which  peeps  out  occasionally,  in 
a  rather  startling  way,  in  the  letters: 

"  There  was  yet  another  and  very  different  side  to 
Stevenson  which  struck  others  more  than  it  struck  my- 
self, namely,  that  of  the  perfectly  freakish,  not  perfectly 
human,  irresponsible  madcap  or  jester  which  sometimes 
appeared  in  him.  It  is  true  that  his  demoniac  quick- 

*In  an  unpublished  sketch  cited  by  Mr.  Colvin. 


ness  of  wit  and  intelligence  suggested  occasionally  a 
'spirit  of  air  and  fire  '  rather  than  one  of  earth;  that  he 
was  abundantly  given  to  all  kinds  of  quirk  and  laugh- 
ter; and  that  there  was  no  jest  (saving  the  unkind)  he 
would  not  make  and  relish.  In  the  streets  of  Edin- 
burgh he  had  certainly  been  known  for  queer  pranks 
and  mystifications  in  youth ;  and  up  to  middle  life  there 
seemed  to  some  of  his  friends  to  be  much,  if  not  of  the 
Puck,  at  least  of  the  Ariel,  about  him." 

It  is  good  to  know  that  the  closing  years  of 
Stevenson,  the  years  of  exile  and  daily  battle 
with  disease,  were  at  least  free  from  the  stress 
of  pecuniary  strait  and  anxiety.  His  share  in 
the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  his  writings  was  a  just 
and  even  a  handsome  one.  In  this  connection 
it  is  pleasant  to  quote  a  passage  from  a  letter 
to  Mr.  Archer  (October,  1887),  which  makes 
agreeable  reading  in  more  ways  than  one : 

"  I  am  now  a  salaried  party  ;  I  am  a  bourgeois  now ; 
I  am  to  write  a  weekly  paper  for  Scribner's,  at  a  scale 
of  payment  which  makes  my  teeth  ache  for  shame  and 
diffidence.  The  editor  is,  I  believe,  to  apply  to  you  ; 
for  we  were  talking  over  likely  men,  and  when  I  in- 
stanced you,  he  said  he  had  had  his  eye  upon  you  from 
the  first.  It  is  worth  while,  perhaps,  to  get  in  tow  with 
the  Scribners  ;  they  are  such  thorough  gentlefolk  in  all 
ways  that  it  is  always  a  pleasure  to  deal  with  them.  I 
am  like  to  be  a  millionaire  if  this  goes  on,  and  be  pub- 
licly hanged  at  the  social  revolution  :  well,  I  would 
prefer  that  to  dying  in  my  bed  ;  and  it  would  be  a 
godsend  to  my  biographer,  if  ever  I  have  one." 

Mr.  Colvin's  editing  is  all  that  can  be  de- 
sired —  painstaking,  helpful,  and  unobtrusive  ; 
and  his  Introductory  is  a  delightful  piece  of 
work,  from  which  we  shall  allow  ourselves  one 
more  quotation,  a  sketch  of  Stevenson's  outer 
man. 

"  All  this  the  reader  should  imagine  as  helped  by 
the  most  speaking  of  presences:  a  steady,  penetrating 
fire  in  the  wide-set  eyes,  a  compelling  power  and  sweet- 
ness in  the  smile;  courteous,  waving  gestures  of  the 
arms  and  long,  nervous  hands,  a  lit  cigarette  generally 
held  between  the  fingers;  continual  rapid  shif tings  and 
pacings  to  and  fro  as  he  conversed :  rapid,  but  not  flur- 
ried nor  awkward,  for  there  was  a  grace  in  his  attenu- 
ated but  well-carried  figure,  and  his  movements  were 
light,  deft,  and  full  of  spring.  When  I  first  knew  him 
he  was  passing  through  a  period  of  neatness  between 
two  of  Bohemian  carelessness  as  to  dress;  so  that  the 
effect  of  his  charm  was  immediate.  At  other  times  of 
his  youth  there  was  something  for  strangers,  and  even 
for  friends,  to  get  over  in  the  odd  garments  which  it 
was  his  whim  to  wear  —  the  badge,  as  they  always 
seemed  to  me,  partly  of  a  genuine  carelessness,  cer- 
tainly of  a  genuine  lack  of  cash  (the  little  he  had  was 
always  absolutely  at  the  disposal  of  his  friends),  partly 
of  a  deliberate  detachment  from  any  particular  social 
class  or  caste,  partly  of  his  love  of  pickles  and  adven- 
tures, which  he  thought  befell  a  man  thus  attired  more 
readily  than  another.  But  this  slender,  slovenly,  non- 
descript apparition,  long-visaged  and  long-haired,  had 
only  to  speak  in  order  to  be  recognized  in  the  first 
minute  for  a  witty  and  charming  gentleman,  and  within 
the  first  five  for  a  master  spirit  and  man  of  genius." 


418 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


One  interesting,  and  we  think  decidedly  re- 
grettable, fact  that  appears  in  Mr.  Colvin's 
Introduction  must  be  noted  in  closing.  Lack 
of  the  needful  leisure  has  compelled  him  to 
abandon  the  idea  of  preparing  the  separate  vol- 
ume of  biography  which  was  to  complete  his 
literary  memorial  to  his  friend.  The  book  is 
now,  we  learn,  at  the  wish  of  Stevenson's  fam- 
ily, to  be  undertaken  by  his  cousin,  Mr.  Gra- 
ham Balfour.  The  volumes  are  manufactured 
in  a  style  befitting  their  delightful  content. 

E.  o.  J. 


FROM  ACCAWMACKE  TO  APPOMATTOX.* 

The  literature  of  Virginia  has  been  much 
enriched  during  recent  years.  The  delightful 
story  by  Mr.  John  Fiske  of  "  Old  Virginia  and 
her  Neighbors,"  and  the  more  technical  but 
equally  valuable  study  by  Mr.  Philip  Alexander 
Bruce  of  the  "  Economic  History  of  Virginia  in 
the  Seventeenth  Century,"  together  with  the 
charming  romances  from  the  pen  of  Mrs.  Maud 
Wilder  Goodwin,  have  prepared  all  interested 
in  American  history  to  welcome  the  two  vol- 
umes which  have  been  given  to  the  press  under 
the  editorial  supervision  of  Mr.  John  S.  Wise. 
The  one  is  an  autobiographical  sketch,  rich  in 
illustration  of  the  life  and  times  "  before  the 
war  ";  the  other,  a  more  dignified  and  stately 
account  of  the  career  of  a  former  governor  of 
Virginia,  whose  lot  it  was  to  send  the  soul  of 
old  John  Brown  "  marching  on." 

"  The  End  of  an  Era  "  is  a  book  full  of  life, 
the  well-written  story  of  the  development  of  a 
wide-awake  boy,  who  asks  questions,  who  won- 
ders about  many  things,  and  who  has  the  un- 
common fortune  to  come  close  to  great  leaders 
of  thought  and  action  in  a  most  critical  period 
in  the  history  of  his  country.  Seeing  things  as 
a  boy  or  as  a  growing  youth,  the  skill  in  nar- 
ration is  such  that,  even  as  a  man  past  fifty 
years  of  age,  Mr.  Wise  preserves  in  a  remark- 
able way  the  boyish  element  which  is  absolutely 
essential  to  the  correct  recounting  of  the  details 
of  his  life,  from  his  childhood  in  Accomack, 
until,  still  several  years  from  his  majority,  the 
era  ended,  the  former  things  passed  away,  and 
everything  was  made  new  after  Appomattox. 
It  is  this  particular  feature  that  gives  charm  to 
the  book ;  and  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at. 


•THE  END  or  AN  ERA.  By  John  S.  Wue.  Boston: 
Houghton,  Mifflin  A  Co. 

THE  LIFE  or  HKNRT  A.  WISE  or  VIRGINIA.  By  hU  grand- 
ion,  the  late  Barton  II .  Wise.  Introduction  by  John  S.  WUe. 
New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 


therefore,  that  the  interest  lags  somewhat  after 
the  boy  has  become  man  enough  to  join  the 
Confederate  Reserves,  that  aggregation  of  old 
men  and  striplings  which  General  Grant  per- 
haps had  in  mind  when  he  said  that  the  Con- 
federacy was  ••  robbing  the  cradle  and  the 
grave  "  to  fill  up  its  armies. 

The  ancestral  home  of  the  Wise  family  was 
in  John  Smith's  "  Kingdom  of  Accawmacke," 
in  the  eastern  peninsula  of  Virginia,  a  place 
long  without  railroad  or  telegraph  or  any  such 
device  of  modern  industrial  life,  and,  despite 
the  introduction  of  these  conveniences  of 
present-day  civilization,  a  place  where  old  cus- 
toms remain  unchanged,  and  where  to-day 
representatives  remain  of  the  very  families  that 
inhabited  the  region  when  Charles  the  First 
was  king,  and  gave  the  name  of  "  Old  Domin- 
ion "  to  the  colony  which  did  not  like  Crom- 
well but  offered  a  crown  and  a  kingdom  to  the 
unfortunate  Stuarts.  Even  Mr.  Thomas  Nelson 
Page,  in  his  sketches  of  life  in  "  The  Old 
South,"  has  not  surpassed  Mr.  Wise  in  hia 
account  of  days  and  deeds  in  this  quaint  county 
of  Virginia. 

But  fortune  did  not  keep  the  family  of  Henry 
A.  Wise  always  in  Accomack.  After  an  ex- 
citing canvass  of  the  state  in  the  Know-Nothing 
campaign,  the  father  was  elected  governor,  and 
removed  to  Richmond.  Here  new  scenes  aroused 
the  inquisitive  interest  of  the  son  ;  and  when, 
later,  he  was  put  out  of  danger  of  war's  mis- 
haps by  sequestration  in  the  mountains  of  the 
western  part  of  the  state,  and,  still  later,  was 
sent  to  the  Virginia  Military  Institute  for  hi* 
education,  it  was  his  peculiar  experience  while 
yet  in  the  formative  days  of  youth  to  gain  a 
knowledge  of  the  great  variations  in  the  climate, 
soil,  and  products  of  Virginia,  and  to  come  into 
close  contact  with  representatives  of  the  differ- 
ing elements  of  population,  ranging  in  wide 
extremes  from  the  gay  cavaliers  of  the  Eastern 
Shore  to  the  sturdy  Scotch-Irishmen  of  Pres- 
byterian Lexington.  No  contrast  could  be  more 
striking  than  the  description  of  the  reception 
tendered  by  his  neighbors  in  Accomack  to 
Henry  A.  Wise  on  his  return  from  service  as 
minister  to  Brazil,  where  mirth  and  jollity  and 
good  fellowship  abounded,  and,  at  the  other 
extreme,  the  account  of  life  in  Lexington  where 
the  Presbyterian  church  looked  cold  as  a  dog'a 
nose,  and  where  "  an  evening  spent  among  them 
is  like  sitting  upon  uvW^s  cracking  hailstones 
with  one's  teeth." 

The  sidelights  thrown  upon  the  social  and 
political  life  of  the  time  give  value  to  the  vol- 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


419 


ume.  The  method  of  election  is  thus  described  : 
"  In  due  course  came  election  day.  Father  being 
absent,  the  young  cousin  above  referred  to  represented 
him  at  the  polling  place,  and  took  me  with  him.  In 
those  days  voting  was  done  openly,  or  viva  voce  as  it 
was  called,  and  not  by  ballot.  The  election  judges,  who 
were  magistrates,  sat  upon  a  bench  with  their  clerks 
before  them.  Where  practicable,  it  was  customary  for 
the  candidate  to  be  present  in  person  and  to  occupy  a 
seat  at  the  side  of  the  judges.  As  a  voter  appeared  his 
name  was  called  out  in  a  loud  voice.  The  judges 
inquired, '  John  Jones  (or  Bill  Smith)  for  whom  do  you 
vote '  —  for  governor,  or  whatever  was  the  office  to  be 
filled.  He  replied  by  proclaiming  the  name  of  his 
favorite.  Then  the  clerks  enrolled  the  vote,  and  the 
judges  announced  it  as  enrolled.  The  representative  of 
the  candidate  for  whom  he  voted  arose,  bowed,  and 
thanked  him  aloud ;  and  his  partisans  often  applauded." 

The  pen  pictures  of  prominent  men  are 
always  striking,  and  sometimes  are  exception- 
ally good.  An  example  is  the  description  of 
General  Winfield  Scott : 

"And  Old  Fuss  and  Feathers!  Bless  his  colossal  old 
soul !  was  ever  a  name  more  appropriately  bestowed  ? 
What  a  monster  in  size  he  was!  Never  was  uniform 
more  magnificent;  never  were  feathers  in  cocked  hat 
more  profuse;  never  was  sash  so  broad  and  gorgeous. 
He  was  old  and  gouty,  keen  for  food,  quick  for  drink, 
and  thunderous  of  voice,  large  as  a  strawstack  and  red 
as  a  boiled  lobster.  His  talk  was  like  the  roaring  of  a 
lion,  his  walk  like  the  tread  of  an  elephant.  No  turkey 
gobbler  ever  strutted  or  gobbled  with  more  self- 
importance  than  did  the  hero  of  Lundy's  Lane." 

Everywhere  in  the  book  there  are  suggestive 
paragraphs.  The  youth  sees  a  production  of 
"  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin  "  on  a  Philadelphia  stage. 
There  are  elements  in  the  slave  business,  as 
set  forth  in  the  play,  which  are  unknown  to 
him.  He  has  bitter  thoughts ;  he  denies  the 
justness  of  the  representation.  Then  a  desire 
comes  over  him  to  see  a  slave  auction.  One 
visit  is  enough,  and  he  goes  away  in  disgust 
and  with  longings  for  the  removal  of  the  evils 
of  the  system.  The  John  Brown  raid  makes 
a  special  impression  upon  him,  because  of 
his  father's  official  connection  with  the  case. 
The  attitude  of  the  North  is  not  liked  by  Vir- 
ginia, and  the  fact  appears,  from  the  Southern 
point  of  view,  that  there  is  an  "  irrepressible 
conflict "  coming.  When  the  war  breaks  out, 
the  effect  of  the  exposure  of  camp  and  battle  is 
strikingly  indicated,  as  a  crack  regiment  once 
gay  with  splendid  equipments  reappears  after 
a  period  of  service.  The  subdued  home-life  is 
described,  where  men  are  absent,  where  the 
death  of  some  member  of  the  family  brings 
profound  grief  and  makes  the  women  suffer 
untold  agonies,  as  with  fearful  hearts  they 
keep  waiting  for  the  war  to  cease. 

"  Every  arms-bearing  Tayloe,  son,  brother,  husband, 


was  in  the  forefront,  save  one.  He  had  already  fallen; 
his  portrait  hung  in  the  spacious  drawing-room  beside 
the  others.  His  name  was  spoken  and  spoken  again 
with  gentle  tears,  and  with  that  reverence  which  the 
devout  render  to  the  Christian  martyr.  .  .  .  Who  can 
picture  the  desolating  sorrow  which  engulfed  them,  as 
one  by  one  the  strong  arms  on  which  that  household 
depended  fell  helpless,  and  the  news  came  home  that 
the  brave  hearts  for  whose  safety  they  prayed  had  ceased 
to  beat!  for  it  was  so.  The  war  filled  grave  after  grave 
in  the  graveyard  of  the  Tayloe  family,  until,  when  it 
ended,  the  male  line  was  almost  extinct." 

Such  pictures  as  these  show  how  the  Confed- 
eracy exhausted  every  resource  before,  driven 
from  Richmond,  its  army  was  forced  to  sur- 
render at  Appomattox.  The  three  quotations 
on  varied  themes  give  some  idea  of  the  style  of 
the  author  of  a  very  readable  and  very  sugges- 
tive volume. 

The  more  sober  and  dignified  style  employed 
by  the  grandson  of  Henry  A.  Wise  in  writing 
his  biographical  study  makes  his  volume  a  de- 
sirable companion  for  the  one  just  described. 
Naturally  enough,  the  two  narratives  cross 
paths  in  many  places,  and  when  they  are  ex- 
amined in  conjunction  there  is  basis  for  the 
suspicion  that  the  preparation  for  publication 
of  the  "  Life  "  of  his  father  after  the  death  of 
its  author  may  have  suggested  to  Mr.  John  S. 
Wise  the  idea  of  "  The  End  of  an  Era,"  many 
things  in  the  latter  book  admirably  supple- 
menting the  chapters  of  the  former. 

Governor  Wise  had  many  experiences  dur- 
ing his  seventy  years  of  life.  As  Member  of 
Congress,  Minister  to  Brazil,  member  of  sev- 
eral important  conventions,  state  and  national, 
Governor  of  Virginia,  and  officer  in  the  Con- 
federate army,  he  played  a  prominent  part  in 
the  politics  of  his  time.  Each  of  these  features 
of  his  public  career  is  carefully  considered, 
important  speeches  and  letters  being  intro- 
duced in  appropriate  connection  by  way  of 
illustration.  Mr.  Wise's  own  point  of  view 
has  been  indicated  in  his  "  Seven  Decades  of 
the  Union,"  and  in  many  respects  the  grand- 
son adheres  closely  to  the  lines  there  laid  down. 

There  are  special  chapters  devoted  to  the 
Graves-Cilley  duel,  in  connection  with  which 
Mr.  Wise  was  severely  blamed,  to  the  Know- 
Nothing  campaign  of  1855,  which  resulted  in 
his  election  to  the  governorship  of  the  state, 
and  to  the  John  Brown  raid  and  its  conse- 
quences which  brought  upon  his  head  a  torrent 
of  abuse.  Opposing  secession  and  strongly 
advocating  the  policy  of  making  a  fight  within 
the  Union,  he  joined  his  fellow-citizens  when 
Virginia  seceded  and  cast  his  lot  with  the 
South.  A  third  of  the  volume  is  given  to 


420 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


Civil  War  history  as  it  affected  his  career,  and 
in  this  part  the  book  shares  the  criticism  passed 
upon  the  other  one  already  described.  The 
interest  clearly  lags  when  the  individuality  of 
the  roan  is  lost  in  the  cause  for  which  he 
fought. 

The  biography  is  the  work  of  one  who  loved 
his  grandfather  as  a  hero.  Despite  such  a 
friendly  relationship  of  author  and  subject, 
there  is  not  that  constant  praise  which  might 
be  expected.  Faults  are  recognized,  distinct 
failures  are  recorded,  and  on  the  whole  the 
reader  gets  the  impression  that  the  volume  is 
a  fair  presentation  of  the  character  of  one  who 
helped  to  make  the  history  of  Virginia  before 
the  war,  and,  considering  Virginia's  importance 
then,  contributed  not  a  little  to  the  history  of 
his  party  and  his  country. 

FRANCIS  WAYLAND  SHEPARDSON. 


THE  NEW  BYRON.* 

The  third  volume  of  Byron's  Letters  and 
Journalsf  covers  the  period  between  January, 
1814,  and  November,  1816, —  the  period  of 
"The  Corsair"  and  "Lara"  and  the  Third 
Canto  of  "  Childe  Harold,"  as  well  as  of  the 
ill-starred  marriage  and  separation.  The  im- 
portance of  the  volume  may  only  be  partly 
inferred  from  the  fact  that  more  than  half  of 
the  letters  and  other  material  it  contains  is  here 
collected  for  the  first  time.  In  addition  to  233 
letters,  there  is  an  appendix  containing  73  let- 
ters and  other  statements  concerning  the  sepa- 
ration, most  of  them  either  by  Lady  Byron  or 
by  Mrs.  Leigh.  There  are,  moreover,  seven 
other  appendices,  containing,  among  other  in- 
teresting material,  a  number  of  letters  from 
Byron  to  Miss  Millbanke  and  some  extraordi- 
nary letters  from  Jane  Clainnont  to  Byron. 

With  respect  to  the  cause  of  the  separation, 
Mr.  Prothero  wisely  takes  a  very  cautious  atti- 
tude. "No  evidence,"  he  remarks,  "exists  to 
prove  the  precise  nature  of  the  charges  on  which 
Lady  Byron  separated  from  her  husband.  They 
were,  as  Byron  alleged,  unknown  to  himself  and 
his  friends.  In  these  circumstances,  nothing 
can  be  gained  by  adding  another  guess  to  the 
conjectures  which  have  been,  at  various  times, 

•  THK  WORKS  or  LORD  BTROK.  Letttri  and  Journal*, 
Yulum,.  III.  Edited  by  Rowland  E.  Proth«ro,  M.A.  Poetry, 
Volnme  II.  (Childe  Harold's  Pilgrimage).  Edited  by  Ernest 
Hartley  Coleridge.  M.A.  London :  John  Murray,  Albemarle 
Street.  New  York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

t  For  a  review  of  Volumes  I.,  II.  (Letters and  Journals),  and 
Volume  I.  (Poetry),  tee  THC  DIAL,  16th  May,  1899. 


hazarded."  It  were  very  much  to  be  hoped  that 
all  future  biographers  and  critics  would  take 
the  same  conservative  view.  Unfortunately, 
however,  it  is  too  much  to  hope.  This  is  the 
very  sort  of  subject  that  excites  the  unwise  to 
an  incontinence  of  comment.  The  command- 
ment "  Judge  not  "  is  the  one  least  of  all  heeded 
by  the  "  unco  guid,"  who  doubtless  imagine  that 
the  penalty  of  this  particular  law  could  have 
little  peril  for  themselves.  The  usual  assump- 
tion that  there  is  some  profound  mystery  behind 
the  facts  that  have  been  disclosed  is  quite  gratu- 
itous. One  would  think  that  mismated  couples 
were  unheard  of,  and  the  effects  of  "  incom- 
patibility of  temper  "  quite  unknown.  Accus- 
tomed to  placid  manners  and  regulated  feelings, 
Lady  Byron  was  terrified  by  her  lord's  out- 
bursts and  deemed  herself  unsafe  in  his  com- 
pany. Unable  to  understand  the  first  principles 
of  Byron's  character,  she  was  naturally  unequal 
to  the  role  of  governess.  With  all  her  admirable 
qualities,  she  was  of  a  type  most  irritating 
to  a  man  whose  conduct  was,  unfortunately, 
regulated  by  generous  impulses  rather  than  by 
principle, —  which  is  so  often  but  a  fine  name 
for  calculation.  That  she  was  au  innocent  cause 
of  irritation  to  him,  none  knew  better  than 
herself.  Five  days  after  she  left  Byron's  house, 
she  wrote  to  his  sister  Augusta,  with  whom  she 
was  still  on  terms  of  the  most  affectionate  con- 
fidence: 

*'  Disease  or  not  —  all  my  recollections  and  reflections 
tend  to  convince  me  that  the  irritability  is  inseparably 
connected  with  me  in  a  greater  degree  than  with  any 
other  object,  that  my  presence  has  been  uniformly  op- 
pressive to  him  from  the  hour  we  married  —  if  not 
before,  and  in  his  best  moods  he  has  always  wished  to 
be  away  from  me." 

One  cannot  but  feel  that  this  pathetic  confes- 
sion tells  us  more  than  the  most  searching 
analysis  of  all  the  circumstances  could  possibly 
bring  to  light.  Certainly  a  woman,  whatever 
be  her  virtues  and  graces,  whom  a  man  in  his 
best  moods  instinctively  shuns,  is  scarcely  the 
person  marked  out  by  nature  to  be  his  wife. 
If  one  looks  for  causes,  one  can  find  some  hints 
in  the  dispirited  and  unimpassioned  tone  of 
Byron's  letters  to  her  before  marriage,  in  her 
own  letters,  and  in  the  strongly-marked  rather 
than  winning  features  of  her  portrait  prefixed 
to  the  volume  before  us.  Here  is  an  example 
of  her  epistolary  style,  from  a  letter  to  her 
husband  written  less  than  a  month  after  she 
left  him : 

"  I  cannot  attribute  your  '  state  of  mind '  to  any  cause 
so  much  as  the  total  dereliction  of  principle,  which,  since 
our  marriage,  you  have  professed  and  gloried  in.  Your 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


421 


acknowledgements  have  not  been  accompanied  by  any 
intentions  of  amendment." 

Need  it  be  wondered  that  to  such  "  representa- 
tions "  (to  quote  again  the  lady's  words)  Byron 
"  had  replied  by  a  determination  to  be  wicked  "? 
One  cannot  help  speculating  how  matters  would 
have  stood  had  Lady  Byron  been  a  little  less 
uncompromising  in  her  requirements,  and  had 
she  formed  her  epistolary  style  upon  some  less 
august  model. 

The  second  volume  of  Byron's  Poetry  con- 
tains the  whole  of  "  Childe  Harold."  It  is  a 
pleasure  to  be  able  to  say  at  once  and  compre- 
hensively that  Mr.  Coleridge  has  given  us  not 
only  the  best  edition  of  this  classic  hitherto 
produced,  but  an  edition  which  leaves  little  in 
any  sense  to  be  desired.  The  text  is  based  upon 
that  of  the  Library  Edition  of  1855,  which  has 
been  collated  with  all  the  existing  MSS.  All 
the  notes  of  Byron  and  of  Hobhouse  have  been 
retained,  and  verified  or  supplemented  by  the 
editor,  whose  method  and  sympathetic  attitude 
may  be  inferred  from  the  following  words  of 
his  Preface : 

"  It  is  in  the  belief  that  «  Childe  Harold  '  should  be 
read  continuously,  and  that  it  gains  by  the  closest  study, 
reassuming  its  original  freshness  and  splendour,  that 
the  text  as  well  as  Byron's  own  notes  have  been  some- 
what minutely  annotated." 

The  variant  readings  of  the  MSS.  are  recorded 
underneath  the  text,  and  the  notes  of  the  editor 
are  printed  at  the  foot  of  the  page.  The  vari- 
ants give  convincing  proof  of  Byron's  artistic 
taste,  inasmuch  as  the  finally  preferred  reading 
is,  so  far  as  I  have  observed,  invariably  the 
best.  Mr.  Coleridge's  notes  not  only  give  well 
authenticated  information  with  respect  to  mat- 
ters of  fact ;  they  also  provide,  unobtrusively 
and  tastefully,  interpretations  of  obscure  pas- 
sages, and  they  call  the  attention  of  the  reader 
to  the  thread  of  connection,  or,  as  the  case  may 
be,  to  the  underlying  philosophy  which  one  is 
apt  to  overlook  (sometimes,  indeed,  without 
great  loss)  in  one's  delight  in  the  glowing  im- 
ages and  the  vivid  panorama.  To  each  of  the 
cantos  is  prefixed  an  introduction  containing 
the  history  of  the  composition  and  publication 
of  the  work.  Mr.  Coleridge  points  out  that  it 
consists  really  of  three  distinct  poems  bound 
together  by  the  general  scheme  of  the  Pilgrim- 
age. And  he  does  not  conceal  Byron's  indebted- 
ness in  the  second  part  of  the  poem  (Canto 
III.)  to  Shelley,  and  in  the  third  part  (Canto 
IV.)  to  Hobhouse. 

"  As  the  «  delicate  spirit'  of  Shelley  suffused  the  third 
canto  of  '  Childe  Harold,'  so  the  fourth  reveals  the  pres- 
ence and  cooperation  of  Hobhouse.  To  his  brother-poet 


he  owed  a  fresh  conception,  perhaps  a  fresh  apprecia- 
tion, of  nature;  to  his  life-long  friend,  a  fresh  enthusi- 
asm for  art,  and  a  host  of  details, « dry  bones  .  .  .  which 
he  awakened  into  the  fulness  of  life.' " 

Finally,  Mr.  Coleridge  gives  the  reader  a 
timely  reminder  of  the  marked  originality  of 
design  characterizing  this  splendid  poem. 

"  '  Childe  Harold's  Pilgrimage  '  had  no  progenitors, 
and,  with  the  exception  of  some  feeble  and  forgotten 
imitations,  it  has  had  no  descendants.  The  materials 
of  the  poem,  .  .  .  the  sentiments  and  reflections  coeval 
with  reflection  and  sentiment,  wear  a  familiar  hue;  but 
the  poem  itself,  a  pilgrimage  to  scenes  and  cities  of 
renown,  a  song  of  travel,  a  rhythmical  diorama,  was 
Byron's  own  handiwork  —  not  an  inheritance,  but  a 
creation." 

Five  volumes  of  the  twelve  are  now  before 
us.  It  is  already  plain  that  the  wealth  of  new 
material  in  the  shape  of  additional  or  ungarbled 
letters,  and  other  Byroniana,  will  compel  critics 
and  biographers  to  take  a  new  survey  of  Byron. 
It  seems  to  me  probable  that  in  the  future  more 
charitable  judgments  will  prevail  touching  his 
character  and  aims.  Certainly  anything  that 
throws  new  light  upon  a  character  so  strong, 
so  complex,  and  so  puzzling,  should  be  wel- 
comed as  valuable  materials  for  the  future  sci- 
ence of  human  nature.  For  the  two  scholarly 
editors,  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that,  in  build- 
ing this  noble  monument  to  Byron,  they  are 
identifying  themselves  "  with  the  immortality 
of  his  fame."  MELVILLE  B.  ANDERSON. 


THE  VALUE  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  ART.* 


There  have  been  those  who  inquired,  in  a 
depreciatory  way,  as  to  the  value  of  the  study 
of  the  history  of  art.  It  has  been  felt  that  the 
study  of  historical  art  tends  to  take  one  away 
from  the  really  vital  examples  of  art  in  our  own 
time ;  makes  one,  often  enough,  elevate  to  an 
undeserved  position  some  artist  whose  absolute 
value  is  slight,  because  of  his  relative  import- 
ance ;  leads  one  too  often  to  concentrate  the 
attention  upon  absolutely  unimportant  ques- 
tions of  historical  accuracy.  We  have  all  heard 
meaningless  and  absurd  censures,  as  well  as 
those  just  mentioned ;  but  these  points  are  cer- 
tainly fairly  taken  :  they  show  real  dangers  in 
the  historical  study  of  art,  they  point  out  what 


NICHOLAS  POUSSIN  :  His  Life  and  Work.  By  Elizabeth 
Denio,  Ph.D.  New  York :  Imported  by  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons. 

THE  GKEAT  MASTERS  IN  PAINTING  AND  SCULPTURE. 
Edited  by  Q.  C.  Williamson.  LUINI,  by  G.  C.  Williamson. 
VELASQUEZ,  by  R.  A.  M.  Stevenson.  New  York :  The  Mac- 
millan  Co. 


422 


THE    DIAL 


[Deo.  1, 


is  actually  likely  to  take  place  with  anyone  who 
gets  well  fixed  in  the  head  the  idea  of  historical 
value. 

Aside  from  these  points  —  which  are  merely 
dangers,  not  insuperable  inconsistencies — it  is 
felt  by  many  that  the  historical  study  of  art 
brings  to  predominance,  even  if  for  the  time 
only,  a  certain  disposition  which  is  not  only  not 
artistic  but  unfavorable  to  the  artistic  disposi- 
tion. The  passion  nowadays  —  for  it  is  almost 
8Uch  — for  knowing  about  the  development  of 
things,  is  something  antagonistic,  it  is  often 
thought,  to  the  real  enjoyment  of  those  things. 
In  matters  of  art,  it  substitutes  for  an  artistic 
appreciation  an  intellectual  understanding, 
which  is  a  very  different  matter. 

We  may  pass  these  matters  in  review  in  our 
mind,  and  yet,  whatever  the  value  of  historical 
study  to  those  who  merely  love  art  without  any 
idea  of  becoming  artists,  we  cannot  well  deny 
that  the  actual  artist  of  our  time,  the  painter 
of  the  present  century,  has  profited  to  a  con- 
siderable degree  by  the  history  of  art.  For  one 
thing,  there  has  been  more  history  than  there 
used  to  be ;  for  another,  it  has  been  more  easy 
to  get  at  it.  But  whatever  the  reason,  the  fact 
would  probably  not  be  disputed  that  the  influ- 
ence of  the  past  has  been  greater,  for  good  and 
evil  too,  on  the  painters  of  this  century  than  has 
ever  before  been  the  case. 

The  matter  is  curiously  indicated  by  three 
books  which  come  to  hand  at  the  same  moment, 
almost  accidentally:  one,  a  life  of  Nicholas 
Poussin,  one  on  Luini,  and  one  on  Velasquez. 
These  three  names  are  significant  in  the  history 
of  painting  of  our  century.  They  are  not  sig- 
nificant of  everything,  it  must  be  confessed ; 
they  do  not  sum  up  the  artistic  movements  of 
our  time.  But  they  are  probably  quite  as  sig- 
nificant in  the  question  in  hand  as  any  other 
three  names  in  the  history  of  painting.  You 
might  substitute  some  other  name  for  that  of 
Ponssin, —  in  some  ways,  Claude  Lorraine 
would  be  better:  you  might  say  Botticelli  in- 
stead of  Luini.  But  although  one  or  another 
substitution  might  be  made,  it  would  be  hard 
to  find  any  other  three  names  as  significant  as 
these, —  so  that  the  books  are  naturally  of 
interest. 

The  fame  of  Nicholas  Poussin  is  not  what  it 
used  to  be.  In  1841  "every  school-boy,"  we 
are  told,  knew  that  he  was  called  "learned" 
because  of  his  profound  classical  knowledge ;  at 
present  you  could  find  many  older  persons 
ignorant  of  the  fact :  there  may  even  be  lovers 
of  art  with  very  hazy  ideas  on  the  difference 


between  him  and  that  Gaspar  who  took  his 
name.  It  shows  how  times  have  changed  in 
half  a  century. 

There  was  a  time  when  the  dicta  of  Mr. 
Raskin  on  any  painting  or  painter  carried  great 
weight.  The  poem  of  the  man  who  mourned 
because  cruel  Ruskin  would  stick  his  tusk  in  and 
nobody  would  buy,  seems  adequate  illustration 
if  not  absolute  proof.  Even  the  fact  that  his 
comment  on  Mr.  Whistler's  picture  was  thought 
by  twelve  good  men  and  true  to  have  injured 
that  artist's  reputation  to  the  extent  of  one 
farthing  only,  should  not  make  us  feel  that  Mr. 
Ruskin  was  not  at  one  time  a  great  authority 
on  painting.  It  will  be  remembered  that  he 
won  his  eminence  by  a  work  which  was  meant 
to  place  Turner  in  his  rightful  position :  it  may 
not  be  so  often  recalled  that  one  of  the  purposes 
of  "  Modern  Painters  "  was  to  show  the  superi- 
ority of  modern  artists,  and  especially  Turner, 
in  landscape  painting  to  the  old  masters.  And 
the  old  (or  "older")  masters  in  question,  who 
were  they?  It  gives  one  who  has  forgotten  a 
little  start  of  surprise  to  recall  that  Mr.  Ruskin 
was  defending  Turner  against  Claude  Lorraine, 
Gaspar  Poussin,  Salvator  Rosa,  and  many 
others,  some  better  known,  but  none  of  very 
vital  interest  to-day.  It  is  among  those  masters 
that  Nicholas  Poussin  would  naturally  take  his 
place.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  and  most 
famous  of  that  school  that  finally  produced  Sir 
George  Beaumont's  brown  tree. 

It  is  significant  that  Dr.  £lizabeth  Denio's 
monograph  on  Poussin  is  absolutely  historical. 
It  tells  with  a  good  deal  of  learning  and  detail 
what  Poussin  painted  and  what  he  did  from 
birth  to  death.  But  it  does  not  have  a  single 
word  in  it  which  shows  why  the  present  gene- 
ration should  have  for  Poussin  more  than  a 
historical  curiosity.  If  one  does  wish  to  know 
about  the  man,  it  is  well  that  one  should  have 
a  careful  record  of  his  work ;  and  as  such  this 
book  has  value.  But  it  would  have  been  well 
to  give  some  idea  as  to  why  one  nowadays 
should  wish  to  know  anything  about  Nicholas 
Poussin.  Not  to  do  so  is  hardly  quite  just  to 
its  subject.  It  is  true  that  Nicholas  Poussin 
is  not  an  influence  to-day,  as  is  his  contemporary 
Velasquez.  Still,  he  deserves  to  be  separated 
from  the  crowd  of  half-forgotten  landscapists, 
even  as  a  landscapist,  and  quite  aside  from  the 
other  directions  of  his  genius.  Mr.  Ruskin  who 
was  very  severe  on  many  of  his  "  older  masters," 
especially  excepted  Nicholas  Poussin,  found  in 
him  things  worthy  of  recollection  and  preserva- 
tion, and  even  held  him  to  be  at  times  a  lover 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL, 


423 


of  truth.  It  would  have  been  well,  in  a  book 
like  this,  to  have  this  distinction  brought  out; 
as  it  is  not,  the  book  can  hardly  be  considered 
adequate  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  student 
of  art.  It  has  good  points  as  a  biography 
(though  charm  of  style  is  not  one  of  them); 
and,  though  not  profusely  illustrated,  has  sev- 
eral pictures  which  are  well  chosen  for  the  ex- 
hibition of  Poussin's  different  characteristics. 

The  older  masters  —  the  "  Van  somethings 
and  Back  somethings,"  to  use  Mr.  Ruskin's 
phrase  —  passed  away,  so  far  as  immediate  in- 
fluence was  concerned.  Who  took  their  place? 
Not  immediately,  nor  universally  indeed  —  but, 
more  than  any  other  group,  the  Preraphaelites: 
that  is  to  say,  the  historical  ones,  the  Primitives, 
to  use  perhaps  a  better  name. 

We  all  know  how  long  the  Preraphaelites, 
for  the  English  and  ourselves  at  least,  were  on 
the  top  of  the  wave  as  the  masters  par  excel- 
lence. They  are  commonly  included  in  the 
mind  of  one  who  looks  back  upon  the  period  of 
their  ascendency,  under  the  name  of  Botticelli. 
It  is  no  longer  a  name  to  conjure  with.  But 
what  a  name  it  was  once !  The  whole  merit  of 
the  painters  who  preceded  and  accompanied 
Raphael  was  sublimated  in  that  splendid  name. 
It  was  a  name  of  such  power  that  under  its  spell 
many  worthy  people  went  through  great  tor- 
ment to  admire  what  they  did  not  like.  Yet 
Botticelli  was  not  the  first,  the  original  Pre- 
raphaelite.  It  was  not  till  1871  that  Mr.  Rus- 
kin  startled  cultivated  England  by  pronounc- 
ing that  mystic  name  in  a  tone  which  implied 
that  everyone  ought  to  know  all  about  it.  When 
Mr.  Pater  wrote  of  him  so  delightfully,  he  still 
had  the  charm  of  novelty.  The  Preraphaelite 
Brotherhood  had  existed  long  before,  long  be- 
fore Mr.  Ruskin  had  perceived  that  they  were 
but  carrying  out  his  own  principles.  But  al- 
though called  "Preraphaelite  "  they  were  really 
not  actually  so  any  more  than  he  was:  they 
cared  far  more  for  their  own  principles  than 
for  any  set  of  painters  before  or  after  Raphael; 
indeed,  that  was  the  principle  of  most  impor- 
tance with  them.  They  really  turned  attention 
to  the  Primitives,  and  were  not  actually  in- 
spired by  them.  Still,  that  was  the  important 
thing.  When  Mr.  Ruskin  began  to  interest 
himself  in  the  earlier  painters,  his  first  great 
discovery  was  Luini. 

Thus  Luini  is  typical  of  a  great  influence 
in  art.  Yet  he  can  hardly  be  said  to  have 
been  an  influence  himself.  For  one  thing, 
Luini  is  not  exactly  a  Preraphaelite;  for  an- 
other, he  has  often  been  regarded,  if  at  all,  as 


an  imitator  of  Lionardo.  Mr.  Ruskin  found  in 
him  wonderful  things.  It  is  said  by  Mr.  Col- 
lingwood  that  Mr.  Ruskin  never  said  as  much 
about  Luini  as  he  meant  to  say.  This  may 
be :  he  did  go  so  far  as  to  say  that  Luini  was 
ten  times  as  great  as  Lionardo,  and  that  every 
touch  that  he  laid  was  eternal.  Still,  Luini, 
although  always  immensely  interesting,  has 
hardly  been  himself  an  influence. 

Mr.  Williamson's  book  on  Luini  is  the  first 
of  a  series  projected  under  his  editorship,  a 
series  which  will  offer  valuable  books  to  the 
student  at  a  moderate  price.  The  main  fea- 
tures of  the  plan  seem  to  be  very  liberal  illus- 
tration (there  are  about  forty  reproductions  in 
this  volume  and  as  many  in  the  companion 
"  Velasquez  ")  and  a  very  careful  list  and  de- 
scription of  all  the  pictures  known.  Besides, 
there  is  a  bibliography,  and,  of  course,  the 
life.  In  the  case  of  Luini,  the  life  is  not  so 
purely  historical  as  in  the  book  on  Poussin :  it 
is,  however,  not  very  artistic  either ;  it  is  in 
fact  critical,  and  that  in  the  school  of  Morelli 
on  the  whole.  Mr.  Williamson  has  a  very 
considerable  field ;  there  has  been  very  little 
work  done  already  on  the  subject.  A  great 
deal  of  his  work  is,  then,  extremely  valuable 
as  supplying  what  cannot  be  found  anywhere 
else. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  introduce  a  book 
on  Velasquez  by  remarking  that  as  the  keen- 
ness of  interest  in  the  Primitives  gradually 
waned,  it  became  apparent  that  Velasquez  was 
the  man  of  the  future.  He  has  probably  by 
this  time  arrived  at  his  apogee.  The  man 
whose  pictures  remind  one  not  only  of  Whistler 
and  Sargent,  but  of  Carolus  Duran  and  Hen- 
ner,  not  to  mention  a  dozen  more  as  important, 
has  done  all  that  one  can  expect.  Mr.  Steven- 
son's book  is  not  unnaturally  written  in  a  dif- 
ferent manner  from  the  two  others.  A  book 
on  Poussin  is  almost  inevitably  historic  or 
academic  in  character  ;  one  on  Luini  will  very 
naturally  be  critical  even  more  than  apprecia- 
tive ;  a  book  on  Velasquez  must  almost  of 
course  be  enthusiastic  and  polemical.  Neces- 
sary or  not,  that  is  what  Mr.  Stevenson  is ; 
nor  does  the  fact  impair  the  value  of  his  book, 
which  is  much  the  most  interesting  of  the  three 
in  our  present  group,  while  its  illustration  is 
as  adequate  as  that  of  the  Luini  volume,  and 
its  list  of  pictures  as  complete, — although  Mr. 
Williamson,  the  general  editor  who  made  it, 
disclaims  the  intention  of  being  very  critical 
in  his  attributions.  It  is  not  his  especial  field, 
nor,  indeed,  anybody  else's, — perhaps  because 


4l>4 


THE    J3IAL 


[Dec.  1, 


of  the  reasons  urged  by  Mr.  Stevenson.  Mr. 
Stevenson  is  naturally  no  great  admirer  of  the 
school  of  Morelli,  and  dislikes  "  the  counting 
of  curls,  the  measuring  of  thumbs,  the  tracing 
of  poses."  He  has  supplied  a  very  interesting 
book,  however,  written  from  the  standpoint  of 
the  artist  and  dealing  with  the  really. artistic 
questions.  It  is  not  a  matter  of  biography 
with  him,  nor  of  history  :  it  is  a  question  of 
painting. 

If  one  has  been  interested  in  the  painting 
of  this  century,  and  is  still  unaware  of  the 
masters  whose  work  is  dealt  with  in  these 
books,  one  will  be  surprised,  on  turning  to 
them,  to  see  how  strong  has  been  the  influence 
of  the  past  on  our  time.  It  has  not  been  the 
only  influence,  by  any  means,  nor  is  it  fully 
represented  in  the  books  here  noticed ;  but  it 
is  worth  knowing  about. 

What  are  we  to  make  of  such  books  ?  What 
is  their  value  to  one  who  is  not  a  student,  but 
whose  aim  is  to  enjoy  the  art  which  actually 
comes  before  his  eyes?  To  those  who  can 
readily  visit  France,  Italy,  Spain,  it  will  be 
perhaps  a  matter  of  importance  to  know  some- 
thing about  Poussin,  Luini,  Velasquez.  But 
how  about  the  rest,  who  rarely  see  much  of 
anything  beyond  current  reproductions  and 
current  exhibitions?  It  is  surely  a  scholastic 
matter  to  know  that  this  man  was  influenced 
by  such  an  one,  however  famous ;  that  this 
element  in  his  art  came  from  this  man,  and 
that  element  from  that  man.  Does  it  not  with- 
draw our  attention  from  the  general  impression 
of  a  man's  power,  and  cultivate  merely  a  super- 
ficial knowingness  which  is  often  content  to 
dash  away  the  possibility  of  deep  enjoyment 
for  the  chance  of  a  clever  shrug  of  the 
shoulders? 

It  may  certainly  do  so :  in  fact,  it  does  so 
with  many  people.  But  there  are  still  reasons 
why  it  is  well  to  know  a  good  deal  about  the 
history  of  art.  It  is  well  to  know  that  an  art- 
ist is  often  ingenious  and  imitative  rather  than 
self-possessed  and  great.  It  is  well  also  to 
know  that  fashions  in  art  have  often  changed, 
and  that  one  must  have  a  steady  head  in  think- 
ing of  the  art  of  one's  own  time.  But  aside 
from  these  two  pieces  of  abstract  knowledge, 
which  may  or  may  not  be  useful  to  one,  it  is 
further  well  to  get  into  the  habit  of  seeing 
what  is  good  anywhere  and  making  it  one's 
own.  And  this  sort  of  cultivation  of  the  taste 
is  rather  better  attained  by  the  art  of  some 
time  ago  than  by  the  art  of  to-day. 

EDWARD  E.  HALE,  JR. 


HOLIDAY  PUBLICATIONS. 

L 

The  prodigal  genius  of  the  Prince  of  Painters  is 
fitly  symbolized  in  the  luxurious  make-up  and  lavish 
pictorial  equipment  of  the  two  noble  imperial  octavo 
volumes  containing  Miss  Elizabeth  Lee's  Englinh 
version  of  M.  Ktnile  Michel's  "  Rubens,  His  Life, 
His  Work,  and  His  Time"  (Scribner's  Importa- 
tion). This  work,  the  companion  of  M.  Michel's 
monumental  work  on  Rembrandt  issued  some  five 
years  ago,  must  be  pronounced  easily  and  at  all 
points  the  leader  in  our  list  of  Holiday  publications. 
As  the  biographer  of  Rubens,  the  author  has  had 
a  far  richer  and  ampler  field  of  exploitation  than  as 
the  biographer  of  Rembrandt,  whose  obscure,  com- 
mon, and  even  dingy  life  as  a  man  left  behind  it 
but  scanty  and  uninviting  materials  for  its  literary 
reconstruction.  Rubens,  on  the  contrary,  the  (»<•- 
turesque  and  many-sided  genius  ;  the  man  of  travel, 
of  science,  of  literary  tastes  and  culture,  of  courtly 
adventure  and  gallant,  chivalrous  mien ;  the  am- 
bassador at  the  courts  of  Spain  and  England  ;  the 
friend  of  sovereigns  and  statesmen,  left  behind  him 
the  amplest  store  of  picturesque  memorials  of  his 
career.  He  touched  and  adorned  life  at  many 
points;  and  his  interest  for  us  as  man  of  action 
and  of  the  brilliant  world  of  courts  and  cabinets  is 
scarcely  secondary  to  his  interest  for  us  as  the  pro- 
fuse painter  whose  protean  genius  covered  Europe 
with  his  auroral  canvases.  The  very  abundance  of 
biographical  material,  the  fertility  of  production  and 
universality  of  gift,  prove,  in  a  way,  initial  diffi- 
culties with  which  the  critic  and  biographer  of 
Rubens,  who  essays  to  fuse  in  a  single,  comprehen- 
sive, logically-ordered  "  Life  "  the  various  phases 
and  epochs  of  that  multifarious  career,  must  con- 
tend. There  is  hardly  a  term,  however  brief  or 
vaguely  defined,  of  Ruben's  life,  a  phase,  however 
passing,  of  his  tireless  activity,  that  has  not  been 
made  the  subject  of  a  monograph.  Recent  scholars 
and  critic-,  especially  Belgian,  have  vied  in  the 
pursuit  of  fresh  discoveries  touching  the  man  and 
his  works.  Of  these  scattered  and  multitudinous 
writings,  and  of  the  voluminous  correspondence  of 
the  painter,  M.  Michel  has  freely  availed  himself, 
quoting  where  necessary,  digesting  into  his  own 
terms  of  thought  and  language  for  the  most  part. 
All  the  galleries  of  Europe  in  which  the  master's 
works  are  to  be  found  have  been  revisited,  his  foot- 
steps—  in  Italy,  Spain,  Flanders,  and  especially  in 
his  loved  city  of  Antwerp  —  have  been  retraced.  *«  I 
have,"  says  M.  Michel,  "  lived  almost  exclusively 
with  Rubens  for  several  years  ";  but,  let  us  add,  it 
is  Ruben's  art  which  is  mainly  and  essentially  his 
theme.  Still  less,  necessarily,  than  in  his  book  on 
Rembrandt  has  it  been  possible  for  M.  Michel  to 
give  a  complete  catalogue  of  works.  The  briefest 
descriptive  mention  of  the  1,200  paintings  and  400 
drawings  of  this  most  prolific  of  painters  would 
have  alone  filled  the  volume*.  The  author  has 
therefore  restricted  himself  to  the  mention  at  the 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


425 


end  of  the  book  of  the  collections,  public  and  private, 
containing  the  most  numerous  or  most  important 
examples.  The  illustration  of  these  volumes  is  on 
the  most  liberal  scale,  and  we  need  scarcely  say 
that  the  appeal  is  to  the  cultivated  rather  than  the 
popular  taste.  Where  color  is  used  it  is  used  spar- 
ingly—  in  fact  there  is  just  a  hint  or  suggestion  of 
it.  There  are  no  garish,  and  therefore  necessarily 
false,  colored  plates  inserted  as  a  bait  for  the  buyer 
of  the  mere  u  picture-book."  M.  Michel's  book 
may  fairly  be  termed  an  art-work,  in  the  real  and 
specific  sense  of  that  much  abused  term,  which  re- 
cent usage  has  made  far  too  elastic.  The  six-penny 
magazine  reprint,  with  its  half-tone  abominations, 
is  nowadays  styled  an  "art-work,"  and  that  too  in 
quarters  where  a  more  discriminating  choice  of  terms 
might  be  looked  for.  There  are,  in  all,  in  the  two 
volumes,  forty  colored  plates,  forty  photogravures, 
and  272  text  illustrations.  It  has  been  aimed  to 
include,  besides  the  inevitable  and  indispensable 
masterpieces,  examples  which,  through  variety  of 
subject,  may  serve  to  give  an  idea  of  that  universality 
which  is  perhaps  the  most  striking  characteristic  of 
Rubens.  History,  landscape,  portraiture,  animal- 
painting,  genre,  still-life  —  the  brush  of  Rubens 
touched  no  branch  of  his  art  without  adorning  it. 
Photography  has  been  relied  on  for  the  reproduc- 
tions, "  as  the  process  best  calculated  to  secure 
accuracy  ";  and  the  mechanical  work  touches  high- 
water  mark  in  its  kind.  The  translation  is  fluent 
and  easy,  and  appears  to  be  accurate.  This  fine 
work  of  M.  Michel's  deserves  fuller  and  more 
critical  treatment  than  can  be  accorded  it  here,  for 
it  is  really  one  of  scholarship,  in  its  class,  and  the 
fruit  of  a  long  period  of  painstaking  research.  But 
we  must  content  ourselves  now  with  confidently  pro- 
nouncing it  a  book  for  every  student  of  Rubens  to 
"  read,  mark,  learn,  and  inwardly  digest," — and,  if 
possible,  to  possess. 

Mr.  C.  D.  Gibson's  "  Education  of  Mr.  Pipp  " 
(Russell)  is  an  amusing  pictorial  satire,  and  a  very 
clever  thing  in  its  way,  ai-tistically.  It  comprises 
a  series  of  pictures  (not  too  conventionally  Gibson- 
ian)  in  which  is  unfolded  the  tale  of  the  initiation 
of  Mr.  Pipp,  a  rich  but  untravelled  American  pater- 
familias, into  the  doubtful  joys  of  European  travel 
and  the  ways  of  European  society.  The  chief  ini- 
tiators are  Mrs.  Pipp  and  her  two  lovely  daughters 
(Gibson  girls  "down  to  the  ground  ");  and  these 
conspirers  against  Mr.  Pipp's  peace  and  purse  are 
later  ably  abetted  by  Lady  Fitzmaurice  and  son  (En- 
glish tourists),  a  rascally  courier,  a  dingy  "Dago" 
Duke  and  ditto  Prince,  and  the  usual  host  of  mil- 
liners, jewellers,  etc.  Mr.  Pipp  "  does  "  London, 
Paris,  the  Riviera,  Rome,  etc.,  in  the  usual  way ;  is 
"  done  "  by  the  courier,  whom,  however,  he  "  polishes 
off"  handsomely,  d  la  Mr.  Robert  Fitzsimmons,  to 
the  joy  and  pride  of  his  assembled  womankind  and 
Lady  Fitzmaurice ;  picks  a  few  winners  at  the  Der- 
by; has  a  "night  off"  at  Paris,  and  a  consultation 
of  physicians  next  day ;  breaks  the  bank  at  Monte 
Carlo ;  and  winds  up  his  European  tour  in  the  mod- 


ern way  by  acquiring  an  ornamental  English  son- 
in-law  (well-born  but  impecunious),  to  the  gratifi- 
cation of  Mrs.  Pipp  and  the  confusion  of  her  social 
rivals  at  home.  Mr.  Pipp's  "education"  seems  to 
be  tolerably  complete  in  the  closing  picture,  wherein 
we  see  him  dandling  a  pair  of  "kids"  (one  Anglo- 
American,  the  other  unhyphenated)  one  on  each 
knee,  with  grandpaternal  joy.  The  book  seems  to 
us  about  the  best  thing  Mr.  Gibson  has  done  so  far, 
and  it  deserves  a  cordial  welcome  at  the  hands  of 
his  public. 

A  rather  attractive  publication  of  a  semi-religious 
cast  is  the  Rev.  Alexander  Mackennal's  "  Homes 
and  Haunts  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  "  (Lippincott). 
As  the  title  implies,  the  interest  of  the  book  is 
mainly  pictorial,  though  Dr.  Mackennal's  running 
commentary  on  the  themes  supplied  by  the  pictures 
is  in  itself  instructive  and  readable.  The  illustra- 
tions embrace  a  colored  frontispiece  (a  view  of 
Scrooby,  Nottinghamshire)  and  ninety-three  illus- 
trations in  black-and-white  from  drawings  and  pho- 
tographs by  Charles  Whymper.  Text  and  plates 
deal  exclusively  with  the  seats  of  Puritanism  before 
the  exodus  to  America,  the  aim  of  the  book  being 
to  pictorially  set  before  the  reader  buildings,  places, 
objects,  and  portraits  in  England  and  Holland  in- 
dubitably associated  with  the  Pilgrim  Fathers. 
Thus,  the  artist  has  reproduced,  wherever  possible, 
structures  and  objects  of  interest  which  it  is  prac- 
tically certain  that  the  Fathers  must  have  them- 
selves seen,  and  views  of  the  towns  and  villages 
where  they  are  known  to  have  resided,  and  the 
buildings  where  they  undoubtedly  worshipped.  The 
local  views  selected  are  mainly  such  as  have  been 
but  little  affected  by  the  lapse  of  time,  and  are  to- 
day much  what  they  were  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury. Drawings  are  given  from  Scrooby,  Auster- 
field,  Boston,  Gainsborough,  York,  Plymouth,  Stan- 
dish  Hall,  Southampton,  and  Cambridge,  in  Eng- 
land ;  and  places  and  buildings  associated  with  the 
sojourn  in  Holland  have  not  been  slighted  by  the 
illustrator.  The  binding  is  of  light-blue  and  gold, 
text  and  pictures  are  handsomely  printed  on  calen- 
dered paper,  and  altogether  the  work  forms  a  very 
suitable  gift  for  a  friend  who  rejoices  in  the  fact 
that  he  (or  she)  is  "of  Puritan  stock."  Everyone 
has  a  friend  of  this  sort  nowadays. 

The  luxurious  appointments  and  taking  theme  of 
the  Messrs.  Putnams'  fine  royal  octavo  volume  en- 
titled "  Famous  Homes  of  Great  Britain  and  their 
Stories  "  make  it  one  of  the  most  imposing  of  the 
season's  gift-books;  and  the  list  of  contributors  to 
the  work  adds  something  to  this  impression.  In- 
stead of  the  stereotyped  tale  of  the  usual  menial 
cicerone,  whose  manner  and  degree  of  civility  are 
nicely  conformed  to  his  (or  usually  her)  computa- 
tion of  the  probable  size  of  the  visitor's  "tip,"  we 
are  in  this  volume,  as  it  were,  " shown  through"  the 
several  mansions  described,  by  the  titled  master  or 
mistress  thereof,  in  person.  For  instance,  our  guide 
through  the  stately  halls  of  Blenheim  is  the  Duke 
of  Marlborough  himself,  who  recounts  briefly  its 


426 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


history,  and  calls  our  attention  to  the  more  impor- 
tant of  hia  ancestral  treasures,  trophies,  portraits, 
etc.;  the  honors  of  Battle  Abbey  are  done  by  the 
Duchess  of  Cleveland ;  of  Holland  House,  by  the 
Hon.  Caroline  Roche;  of  Cawdor  Castle,  by  Vis- 
count Kmlyn ;  of  Penshurst,  by  Lady  De  L'Isle  and 
Dudley;  of  Warwick  Castle,  by  the  Countess  of 
Warwick ;  of  Ly  me,  by  the  Dowager  Lady  Newton  ; 
and  so  forth.  All  this  is  very  flattering  to  the  pride 
of  the  aspiring  reader;  and  it  must  be  admitted 
that  the  descriptions  are  in  each  case  well  done,  and 
with  a  dignity,  modesty,  and  absence  of  "gush"  or 
twaddle,  that  makes  them  contrast  very  agreeably 
with  the  usual  performances  of  the  mercenary  guide 
and  the  shrine-hunting  writer  of  travels.  The  book 
is  beautifully  illustrated  with  exterior  and  interior 
views  of  the  stately  homes  described,  with  cuts  of 
choice  architectural  details,  family  portraits,  historic 
apartments,  etc.  The  editor  of  the  volume,  Mr.  A. 
H.  Malan,  contributes  three  or  four  of  the  chapters. 

The  pictorial  allurements  and  general  beauty  of 
manufacture  of  Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.'s  two- 
volume  illustrated  Holiday  edition  of  Francis  Park- 
man's  ••  Montcalm  and  Wolfe  "  will  inevitably  tempt 
to  a  re-perusal  of  the  fascinating  pages  of  this  roman- 
tic picture  of  a  most  romantic  phase  of  American 
history.  We  could  hardly  suggest  a  better  or  more 
stimulating  gift  for  an  imaginative  American  boy 
or  youth  with  a  spice  of  adventurous  longing  in  his 
blood  than  these  volumes,  which  tell  so  fascinatingly 
the  tale  of  the  fall  of  French  power  in  Canada,  and 
embody  perhaps  the  most  important  of  Mr.  Park- 
man's  histories.  The  illustrations  comprise  forty- 
one  photogravure  plates,  mostly  portraits  from  the 
original  paintings  or  from  rare  mezzotints,  and 
reproductions  of  contemporary  prints.  There  are 
two  good  portraits  of  the  author,  one  of  them  from 
a  daguerreotype  taken  at  the  period  of  early  man- 
hood. The  bindings  of  sea-blue  and  gold  are  taste- 
ful, and  complete  an  ensemble  as  sound  as  it  is 
attractive. 

Purchasers  of  Holiday  books  this  year  will  be 
strongly  attracted  by  The  Century  Co.'s  elegantly 
sumptuous  edition  of  Dr.  Weir  Mitchell's  fine 
American  historical  novel,  "  Hugh  Wynne,  Free 
Quaker."  The  good  qualities  of  Dr.  Mitchell's 
book  have  already  been  enlarged  upon  in  our  col- 
umns, and  we  need  only  comment  here  upon  its 
present  setting.  The  bindings  of  the  two  shapely  vol- 
umes are  of  buff  and  gold.  The  copious  illustrations 
comprise  views  of  historic  sites  and  buildings  of  old 
Philadelphia,  reproduced  from  rare  prints  loaned 
by  collectors  for  the  purpose ;  portraits  after  old 
originals;  photographic  plates  of  scenes  in  modern 
Philadelphia;  and  imaginative  drawings  by  Mr. 
Howard  Pyle.  Mr.  Pyle  appears  to  much  advan- 
tage in  these  spirited  and  dramatic  drawings,  which, 
we  fancy,  will  elicit  Dr.  Mitchell's  cordial  approval. 
On  the  whole,  it  would  be  difficult,  we  think,  to 
better  this  edition  of  Dr.  Mitchell's  chef-d'oeuvre  — 
for  such  we  conceive  it  to  be  —  especially  on  its 
pictorial  side. 


Mr.  W.  T.  Smedley's  familiar  qualities  as  an 
illustrator  find  wide  exemplification  in  the  hand- 
some quarto  volume  containing  fifty  of  his  draw- 
ings selected  from  various  sources,  and  entitled 
"Life  and  Character"  (Harper).  The  pictures 
have  a  page  apiece  of  explanatory  text  by  Mr.  A. 
V.  S.  Anthony,  and  Mr.  Arthur  Hoeber  furnishes  a 
few  pages  of  introductory  matter,  biographical  and 
eulogistic.  Mr.  Hoeber's  praise  is  well  bestowed. 
Mr.  Smedley  knows  his  types,  is  always  refined  and 
self-contained,  and  has  the  due  degree  of  technical 
skill.  A  book  that  deals  with  every  day  types  of 
actual  life,  and  makes  no  great  tax  on  the  artist's 
fancy,  can  have  no  better  illustrator  than  in  Mr. 
Smedley  —  the  sound,  conscientious  and  lasting  Mr. 
Smedley.  Text  and  plates  are  handsomely  printed 
on  calendered  paper,  and  altogether  the  volume,  with 
its  soberly  elegant  binding  of  green-and-gold,  is  one 
of  the  best  of  the  essentially  pictorial  ones. 

"Bohemian  Paris  of  To- Day "  (Lippincott), 
written  by  Mr.  W.  C.  Morrow  from  notes  by  M. 
Edouard  Cucuel,  and  illustrated  by  the  latter  gen- 
tleman, is  a  remarkably  "lively"  book,  pictorially 
and  otherwise,  and  should  prove  a  joy  to  readers 
with  a  stomach  for  the  life  it  depicts.  In  it  the 
untravelled  and  unsophisticated  person  may  see 
through  the  eyes  of  men  who  have  seen  it  all  pre- 
cisely how  the  volatile  occupants  of  the  monkeys' 
cage  of  Paris,  namely,  its  Quartier  Latin,  comport 
themselves.  The  spectacle  will  amuse  him  or  dis- 
gust him  according  to  his  years  or  temperament. 
"  The  purpose  of  text  and  pictures,"  says  the  author, 
"  is  to  show  Bohemian  life  in  the  city  of  Paris  with- 
out any  concealment,"  "  with  the  frankness  of  a 
student,"  and  (he  assures  us)  "  the  students  are  the 
pets  of  Paris."  Clearly,  then,  Paris  suffers  fools 
gladly,  for  Mr.  Morrow's  students  appear  to  be 
mostly  fools,  with  an  agreeable  da«h  of  the  black- 
guard and  the  cheap  rake  superadded.  Not  a  few 
of  the  scenes  described  in  this  "frank"  book  will 
inspire  the  masculine  reader  with  a  strong  desire  to 
kick  the  actors  therein,  even  at  the  i  i-k  of  defiling 
bis  boots.  Take,  for  example,  the  account  of  the 
breaking  in  of  a  new  girl  model  at  the  art  school  — 
"  a  joy,"  Mr.  Morrow  artlessly  assures  us,  "  that  the 
students  never  permit  themselves  to  miss."  "  The 
new  one  is  accompanied  by  two  or  more  of  her  girl 
friends,  who  give  her  encouragement  at  the  terri- 
ble moment  when  she  disrobes.  As  there  are  no 
dressing-rooms,  there  can  be  no  privacy.  The  stu- 
dents gather  about  and  watch  the  proceedings  with 
great  interest,  and  make  whatever  remarks  tlu-ir 
deviltry  can  suggest.  .  .  .  When,  finally,  after  an 
inconceivable  struggle  with  her  shame,  the  girl 
plunges  ahead  in  reckless  haste  to  finish  the  job, 
the  students  applaud  her  roundly.  .  .  .  But  more 
torture  awaits  her.  It  is  then  "  (when  the  poor 
creature,  at  last  completely  en  cueros,  or  "  all.  face  " 
as  the  Indians  say,  awkwardly  attempts,  at  the  bid- 
ding of  her  chivalrous  employers,  to  pose)  "that  the 
fiend ishness  of  the  students  rises  to  its  greatest 
height.  .  .  .  One  claims  that  her  waist  is  too  long 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


427 


and  her  legs  too  heavy  "  ('  is  '  too  heavy  )  ;  "  another 
hotly  takes  the  opposite  view.  .  .  .  At  last-  she  is 
made  to  don  her  hat  and  stockings ;  and  the  stu- 
dents form  a  ring  about  her  and  dance  and  shout 
until  she  is  ready  to  faint."  All  this  brutal  tom- 
foolery is  clearly  thought  by  Mr.  Morrow  to  be 
"  smart "  and  funny.  On  the  whole,  the  average 
art  student  of  the  Quartier  Latin,  as  depicted  by 
Mr.  Morrow,  is  a  disagreeable  blend  of  the  cad, 
the  clown,  and  the  six-penny  rou6.  A  chapter  is 
devoted  to  the  "  Bal  des  Quat'z'-Arts,"  and  another 
one  to  "  Le  Boul'  Mich'";  and  several  classic  Bo- 
hemian haunts  are  graphically  described.  The  text 
is  readable  enough  and  informing  enough  in  its  small 
way,  but  the  essential  and  redeeming  feature  of  the 
book  is  the  illustrations,  which  are  decidedly  clever 
and  gratifyingly  profuse. 

To  come  at  the  root  of  English  character  and 
study  the  national  qualities  that  are  specifically 
English,  one  must,  as  Irving  wrote,  "go  forth  into 
the  country ;  he  must  sojourn  in  villages  and  ham- 
lets; ...  he  must  wander  through  parks  and  gar- 
dens ;  along  hedges  and  green  lanes ;  he  must  loiter 
about  country  churches;  and  cope  with  people  in 
all  their  conditions,  and  all  their  habits  and  hu- 
mors." As  a  preparation  for  the  pleasant  series  of 
papers  comprised  in  his  "  Among  English  Hedge- 
rows'' (Macmillan),  Mr.  Clifton  Johnson  has  fol- 
lowed literally  and  conscientiously  the  above  good 
counsel.  The  book,  with  its  delightful  pictures, 
the  spoil  of  the  author's  camera,  forms  the  best 
substitute  for  an  actual  foot-tour  in  rural  England 
that  has  fallen  in  our  way  in  a  long  time.  The  con- 
tents of  it  have  already  appeared  serially  in  various 
journals,  and  are  well  worth  reprinting  in  this  taste- 
ful volume.  Mr.  Hamilton  W.  Mabie  supplies  an 
introduction. 

Mr.  Joel  Cook's  "  England  Picturesque  and  De- 
scriptive" (Henry  T.  Coates  &  Co.),  is  a  rather 
unusually  attractive  specimen  of  the  now  familiar 
type  of  photographically  illustrated  literary  guide- 
book. There  are  fifty  full- page  photogravures  from 
original  negatives,  and  these  are  excellent  specimens 
of  their  class  in  every  respect.  The  two  crown 
8vo  volumes  are  beautifully  manufactured  through- 
out, and  should  not  be  overlooked  by  the  discrimi- 
nating seeker  of  a  choice  and  substantial  Holiday 
gift-book.  Mr.  Cook's  itinerary  shows  a  careful 
and  intelligently  conceived  plan.  He  appears  to 
have  visited  most  of  the  points  of  prime  general 
interest  in  England  and  Wales,  and  we  should  say 
that  the  comparatively  untravelled  tourist  who 
wishes  to  lay  out  his  time  and  money  to  the  best 
possible  advantage  could  scarcely  do  better  than 
follow  Mr.  Cook's  path  with  these  beautiful  and 
suggestive  volumes  as  a  guide.  The  work  is  divided 
into  ten  tours,  with  Liverpool  and  London  as  the 
main  starting-points,  each  sub-route  following  the 
most  approved  and  most  profitable  lines.  The 
text  is  pleasantly  interwoven  with  a  slight  running 
thread  of  history,  legend,  and  local  anecdote,  and 
Mr.  Cook's  style  is  pleasing  and  animated,  and  well 


calculated  to  stimulate  the  reader's  interest  in  the 
beautiful  and  storied  regions  described.  A  good 
map  adds  to  the  practical  usefulness  of  the  work, 
and  the  author  has  not  neglected  to  supply  the  in- 
dispensable Index. 

Messrs.  Dana  Estes  &  Co.  issue  an  illustrated 
Holiday  edition,  in  three  royal  octavo  volumes,  of 
Carlyle's  "  French  Revolution."  The  volumes  are 
handsome  enough  to  make  one  wonder  at  the  re- 
markably modest  price,  all  things  considered,  asked 
for  them.  Print  and  paper  are  good,  the  bindings 
are  dainty  and  tasteful,  and  there  are  ten  full-page 
plates  to  the  volume.  The  portraits  given  are 
mostly  well  chosen,  and  several  of  them  are  after 
rare  and  decidedly  interesting  originals  —  those  of 
Rousseau  and  Carnot,  for  example.  The  frontis- 
piece to  the  set  is  a  well-executed  portrait  of  the 
author.  Other  subjects  are:  the  Rolands  (both 
plates  after  Lavachez),  Louis  XVI.,  Mme.  du 
Barry,  Mirabeau,  Bailly,  Lafayette,  Mme.  de  Gen- 
lis,  Marat,  Pitt,  Danton,  St.  Just,  Hoche,  etc. 
There  are  also  reproductions  of  Flameng's  "  Marie 
Antoinette  On  the  Way  to  Execution,"  and  Sar- 
doux's  engraving  of  Versailles.  Altogether  this  is 
an  excellent  popular  pictorial  edition  of  Carlyle's 
masterpiece  —  but  the  unaccountable  lack  of  an 
index  must  be  deplored. 

Mr.  Frederick  Simpson  Coburn  and  Miss  Mar- 
garet Armstrong,  respectively  the  illustrator  and 
the  decorator  of  Irving's  "  Rip  Van  Winkle  "  and 
"  Legend  of  Sleepy  Hollow,"  published  each  in  a 
volume  by  the  Messrs.  Putnam  and  boxed  together, 
have  been  perhaps  a  thought  too  lavish  of  their 
work,  especially  of  the  marginal  decorations,  which 
seem  to  rather  overwhelm  and  drown  out  the  little 
square  of  text  peeping  through  them.  In  them- 
selves, the  decorative  borders,  which  are  printed  in 
light-green  and  in  sepia,  are  pleasing  enough,  as  are 
the  vignettes  on  the  back  of  each  leaf.  Mr.  Co- 
burn's  drawings  in  wash  are  generally  good  —  in 
several  cases  notably  good.  The  volumes  are  richly 
bound  in  dark-red  and  gilt,  and  paper  and  print  are 
unexceptionable. 

A  season  or  so  ago  we  took  occasion  to  praise  a 
pretty  book  by  that  expert  knight  (or,  as  some 
would  say,  "  fiend  ")  of  the  camera,  Mr.  Alexander 
Black,  entitled  "  Miss  America,"  and  enriched  with 
any  number  of  portraits  of  that  bewitching  and 
racially  composite  young  woman.  This  year  Mr. 
Black  is  again  to  the  fore  with  a  similar  and  equally 
attractive  book,  entitled  "  Modern  Daughters " 
(Scribner),  and  containing  a  galaxy  of  photographs 
of  the  American  girl  that  ought  to  make  the  Ameri- 
can young  man  feel  glad  that  he  was  born  in  a  land 
of  such  golden  opportunities.  The  portraits  are 
prettily  vignetted  in  the  text,  which  consists  of  re- 
produced talks  enjoyed  by  Mr.  Black  with  all  sorts 
of  American  girls  —  the  "Left-Over  Girl,"  the 
"Gym  Girl,"  the  "Engaged  Girl,"  the  "  Ddbu- 
tante,"  the  "  Club  Girl,"  "  the  Bride,"  and  so  on. 
"  Conversations  with  Various  American  Girls  and 
One  Man,"  is  the  sub-title.  Mr.  Black  has  caught 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


the  mental  accent  and  turn  of  speech  of  the  fairer 
half  of  America's  " smart  set"  nicely,  and  his  pho- 
tographs are  charming  —  of  course.  The  book  is 
bright  and  witty,  tastily  got  up  throughout,  and 
should  prove  one  of  the  most  popular  of  the  lighter 
Christmas  publications.  The  delightful  readiness 
it  implies  on  the  part  of  our  Modern  Daughters  to 
pose  for  Mr.  Black  and  consequently  for  the  pub- 
lic is  not  the  least  striking  thing  about  it. 

Coaching  literature  receives  an  important  and 
authoritative  addition  in  Mr.  Fair  man  Rogers's  "  A 
Manual  of  Coaching"  (Lippincott).  The  subject, 
we  think,  has  never  been  more  thoroughly  and 
scientifically  treated  than  it  is  in  this  volume,  which 
is  distinctly  a  book  for  the  amateur  coachman  who 
wishes  to  be  absolutely  au  fait  in  all  that  pertains 
to  his  hobby.  Mr.  Rogers  approaches  his  theme  in 
a  serious,  one  might  almost  say  a  reverential,  spirit. 
He  first  sketches,  in  the  real  scientific  temper,  the 
evolution  of  the  coach,  from  its  germ  in  the  rude 
farm-wagon  of  the  ancient  Romans,  down  to  the 
elaborate  and  highly  developed  "  Tally-ho  "  —  a 
term,  by-the-by,  which  he  warns  us  is  not  scientific- 
ally accurate,  and  which,  therefore,  is  to  be  avoided 
by  coaching  men  who  are  scrupulous  in  matters 
appertaining  to  good  form.  It  is  hardly  possible 
here  to  do  justice  to  the  thoroughness  with  which 
Mr.  Rogers  (upon  whom  the  mantle — or  many- 
caped  box-coat  —  of  the  elder  Weller  seems  to  have 
descended)  goes  into  the  details  and  technicalities 
of  coaches,  their  varieties,  accessories,  and  equip- 
ments. The  mysteries  of  the  harness  also  receive 
due  attention,  and  the  theory  and  practice  of  driv- 
ing is  unfolded  and  illustrated  in  several  erudite 
chapters.  A  whole  chapter  is  devoted  to  that  very 
essential  topic,  "  The  Whip  and  Its  Use."  Other 
chapters  treat  exhaustively  of  such  matters  as  coach- 
ing dress,  public  coaching,  road  coaching,  coaching 
trips,  rules  of  the  road,  accidents,  clubs,  music  for 
the  horn,  etc.  A  coaching  bibliography  is  appended. 
The  book  is  practically,  as  well  as  very  attractively, 
illustrated,  and  it  is  got  up  generally  in  a  way  that 
is  suggestive  of  the  gift-book  —  and  indeed  no  more 
suitable  one  could  be  found  for  a  friend  of  coach- 
ing, or,  indeed,  of  generally  "  horsey"  proclivities. 

The  elegant  form  and  sterling  content  of  Messrs. 
Henry  T.  Coates  &  Co.'s  new  illustrated  edition  of 
Prof.  J.  P.  Mahaffy'g  "Rambles  and  Studies  in 
Greece  "  make  it  one  of  the  most  desirable  of  the 
solider  Holiday  publications.  The  reprint  is  from 
the  third  and  heretofore  the  latest  edition,  and  con- 
tains therefore  the  added  chapter  on  medieval 
Greece,  together  with  the  new  notes  and  paragraphs 
added  passim  by  the  author  with  a  view  of  increas- 
ing the  value  of  the  work  as  a  traveller's  hand- 
book and  literary  companion.  There  are  thirty- 
four  beautifully  executed  and  well  chosen  photo- 
graphic plates  showing  scenes  in  modern  Greece 
that  are  hallowed  by  classic  story  and  association, 
architectural  remains,  sculptures,  etc.  A  good  map 
is  a  decidedly  useful  feature.  The  reader  of  this 
beautiful  book,  in  which  a  traveller's  reminiscences 


and  a  scholar's  culture  are  so  charmingly  and  prof- 
itably blended,  will  find  Dr.  Mahaffy's  Byronie 
enthusiasm  for  the  land  of  Pericles  and  Epatninon- 
das  contagious  and  inspiring.  But  Dr.  Mahaffy's 
enthusiasm,  however,  does  not  prevent  him  from 
entertaining  the  view  that  the  pictures  usually  drawn 
of  the  old  Greeks  are  highly  idealized,  the  real 
people  having  been  of  a  quite  different  and  a  much 
lower  type.  His  estimate  of  the  common  people  of 
ancient  Greece  coincides  in  some  degree  with  the 
rather  dampening  opinions  advanced  in  the  Grice 
contemporaine  of  About.  With  the  theory  of  Fal- 
lermeyer  that  the  old  Greek  race  utterly  perished, 
the  modern  inhabitants  being  descendants  of  Slav- 
onic and  Albanian  invaders  and  settlers,  Professor 
Mahaffy  strongly  disagrees;  but  he  is  careful  to 
deny  the  charge  sometimes  made  that  he  has  drawn 
freely  upon  modern  Greek  life  and  character  for 
his  pictures  of  classic  times.  But  we  must  not  be 
drawn  here  into  anything  like  a  discussion  or  expo- 
sition of  the  theoretical  side  of  this  charming  and 
popular  book,  which  is  mainly  descriptive  in  treat- 
ment, and  which  aims  largely  to  bring  home  to  the 
reader  the  living  features  of  Greece,  by  connecting 
them  with  the  facts  of  older  history.  The  volume, 
a  tastefully  bound  crown  8vo,  will  prove  an  enticing 
one  to  the  book-buyer  of  fastidious  tastes. 

Messrs.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  issue,  at  a  moderate 
price,  a  very  presentable  two -volume  edition  of 
George  Eliot's  "  Middle  march."  The  type  is  fair, 
the  binding  is  plain  but  sightly,  and  there  are 
eighteen  illustrations  after  drawings  by  Alice  Bar- 
ber Stephens.  The  frontispiece  to  Volume  II.  is 
an  etched  portrait  of  the  author.  Altogether  it  is 
a  very  good  edition  for  actual  use.  Miss  Stephens's 
drawings  seem  to  us  for  the  most  part  decidedly 
well  done  and  intelligently  conceived. —  So  much 
can  scarcely  be  said  in  praise  of  Mr.  Reginald 
Birch's  pen-drawings  in  Messrs.  Dodd,  Mead  & 
Co.'s  edition  of  George  Eliot's  "  Silas  Marner." 
The  pictures  are  not  bad  themselves,  but  their  illus- 
trative quality  is  not  remarkable.  Otherwise,  the 
volume  is  a  decidedly  pleasing  one,  and  should 
attract  new  readers  to  the  enjoyment  of  this  fine 
novel. 

Very  pretty  and  artistic  in  its  kind  is  the  flat 
large  4to  volume  entitled  "  Wild  Flowers  "  (Stokes), 
containing  twelve  plates  handsomely  printed  in  tints 
after  the  water-color  designs  of  Mrs.  Ellis  Rowan. 
Mrs.  Rowan  has  displayed  much  taste  in  the  selec- 
tion and  arrangement  of  her  subjects,  her  colors 
are  pure  and  accurate,  and  her  treatment  is  just 
broad  enough  —  being  neither  "  splashy,"  on  the 
one  hand,  nor  finical  on  the  other.  In  tine,  all  her 
flowers  seem  to  lack  is  the  perfume.  The  subjects 
are:  Wild  Honeysuckle;  Cardinal  Flower;  Musk 
Mallow ;  Monkshood ;  Wild  Pink  ;  Fringed  Gen- 
tian ;  Oswego  Tea ;  etc.  The  cover  is  of  pale  green 
and  pearl  grey  delicately  stamped  with  title  in  gilt 
and  conventionalized  flower  design. 

Little  variation  from  the  familiar  type  is  shown 
in  Messrs.  Houghton,  Mif&in  &  Co.'s  two-volume 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


429 


"  Roman  "  edition  of  Hawthorne's  "  Marble  Faun." 
The  volumes  are  conveniently  small,  and  are  illus- 
trated with  photographic  plates  of  Roman  and  Flor- 
entine views,  sculptures,  etc.  Gilt  tops,  red  slip- 
covers, and  bindings  of  cream -white  with  bold 
design  in  gilt,  complete  a  fairly  attractive  exterior. 

Mr.  Howard  Pyle  serves  notice  on  his  readers 
through  the  title-page  of  his  "  The  Price  of  Blood  " 
(R.  G.  Badger  &  Co.),  that  the  tale  is  to  be  consid- 
ered an  "  extravaganza."  Certainly  it  is  a  sorry 
piece  of  nonsense,  suggestive  of  nothing  save  a  des- 
perate effort  on  Mr.  Pyle's  part  to  be  as  nonsensi- 
cal as  possible.  And  nonsense  that  is  obviously 
labored  is  seldom  amusing.  As  a  vehicle  for  the 
grotesque  drawings  that  accompany  it  the  story 
does  very  well ;  and  that  we  dare  say  is  what  it  is 
intended  for.  But  it  is  a  pity  to  find  so  capital  an 
illustrator  of  the  whimsical  and  bizarre  as  Mr.  Pyle 
is  wasting  time  spinning  out  poor  extravaganzas  of 
his  own  to  illustrate,  when  there  are  so  many  good 
ones  by  others  ready  to  his  pencil.  We  should  very 
much  like  to  see,  for  example,  what  Mr.  Pyle  would 
make  of  von  Chamisso's  "  Peter  Schlemihl  " —  that 
strange  mingling  of  pathos  and  folly.  The  scene 
of  Mr.  Pyle's  "  extravaganza  "  is  laid  in  New  York, 
temp.  1807.  The  hero  is  Nathaniel  Griscombe,  a 
young  attorney-at-law  with  no  practice,  and  a  turn 
for  conviviality.  Griscombe's  threadbare  and  com- 
monplace fortunes  become  suddenly  entangled  with 
the  lurid  and  tragic  —  or  tragico-comic  —  ones  of 
a  deposed  East  Indian  Rajah  who  holds  his  court 
secretly  on  Broadway,  who  is  pursued  by  the  ven- 
geance of  "  an  Oriental  Potentate,"  and  who  has  a 
brother  (also  "  pursued  ")  named  "  Michael  Des- 
mond "  (!)  living  at  Bordentown,  N.  J.  The  Rajah 
becomes  a  client  of  Griscombe's,  confides  to  him  his 
secret  and  a  hat-box  full  of  jewels  —  and  then  fol- 
lows the  nonsense,  "  clotted  "  and  plenty  of  it,  and 
for  the  most  part  unredeemed  by  the  light  and 
whimsical  fancy  that  make  Mr.  Pyle's  illustrations 
so  delightful.  The  pictures  in  this  very  attractively 
manufactured  volume  are  printed  in  colors,  and  the 
showy  frontispiece  is  in  the  artist's  best  style. 

Marion  Harland's  facile  pen  has  been  well  em- 
ployed in  the  little  biographies  of  Charlotte  Bronte 
and  William  Cowper,  which  form  the  initial  volumes 
of  Messrs.  Putnams'  promising  series  of  studies  of 
the  home-life  of  certain  writers  and  thinkers,  col- 
lectively entitled  "Literary  Hearthstones."  The 
volumes  are  shapely  16mos,  containing,  with  pre- 
face and  index,  some  320  liberally  margined  and 
clearly  printed  pages,  and  a  liberal  sprinkling  of  well- 
chosen  illustrations.  The  bindings  are  pretty  and 
appropriate,  and  while  not  strikingly  ornate,  they 
are  enough  so  to  suggest  the  gift-book.  The  au- 
thor's treatment  of  her  theme  is  popular,  yet  by  no 
means  merely  "  gossippy  "  or  trifling.  Her  aim  is 
to  show  what  the  subjects  of  her  studies  were,  rather 
than  what  they  did  —  to  portray  them  familiarly  as 
men  and  women,  rather  than  as  members  of  the 
guild  of  authors.  It  is,  more  specifically,  the  domes- 
tic side,  the  "  Hearthstone"  side,  of  their  lives  that 


she  chiefly  delineates  —  and  how  touching  and  es- 
sential this  side  was  in  the  gentle,  home-keeping 
Cowper's  case  we  all  know.  In  fine,  these  pretty 
and  unassuming  books  contain  much  pleasant  and 
wholesome  reading,  and  they  form  an  exceptionally 
suitable  Holiday  gift  of  the  modester  sort. 

This  season's  addition  to  the  pretty  and  tiny 
volumes  of  the  "  Thumb-Nail  Series "  (Century 
Co.),  comprises  "Meditations  of  Marcus  Aurelius," 
selected  and  translated  by  Mr.  Benjamin  E.  Smith  ; 
and  "Rip  Van  Winkle  and  the  Legend  of  Sleepy 
Hollow"  (together  in  one  volume),  with  an  Intro- 
duction by  the  public's  good  friend  and  sterling 
entertainer,  Mr.  Joseph  Jefferson.  The  first-named 
volume  is  a  really  delectable  little  casket  of  gems  — 
the  miniature  embodiment  of  a  specially  happy 
thought  for  which  we  are  indebted,  we  presume,  to 
its  judicious  and  scholarly  editor.  Mr.  Smith's 
version  is  unusually  easy  and  fluent  —  accurate  and 
scholarly,  yet  a  suitable  one  for  popular  reading. 
The  tinted  double  frontispiece  shows  both  sides  of 
an  old  coin  bearing  the  head  of  this  noblest  of  all 
wearers  of  the  Imperial  purple  in  profile.  The 
Irving  volume  is  also  a  pretty  one  outwardly,  with 
its  tinted  title-page,  and  frontispiece  showing  the 
pathetic  figure  of  the  returned  sleeper  of  the  Catskills. 

Under  the  new  title,  "Historic  Mansions  and 
Highways  around  Boston,"  Messrs.  Little,  Brown, 
&  Co.  issue  a  revised  edition  of  Mr.  Samuel  Adams 
Drake's  useful  and  exhaustive  local  guide-book  orig- 
inally entitled  "  Old  Landmarks  and  Historic  Fields 
of  Middlesex."  In  its  revised  form  the  book  is,  for 
the  modern  reader,  a  great  improvement  on  its 
original,  the  practical  value  of  which  had  become 
impaired  through  changes  wrought  by  time  and 
municipal  progress,  on  the  face  of  the  storied  dis- 
trict described.  With  a  view  of  making  the  descrip- 
tions in  the  volume  correspond  with  present  condi- 
tions, the  old  places  have  been  revisited,  and,  where 
necessary,  redescribed.  An  added  feature  of  import- 
ance is  the  very  interesting  illustrations,  comprising 
twenty-two  full-page  plates  and  a  liberal  number  of 
text  cuts  on  wood.  The  pictures  add  much  to  the 
usefulness  and  attractiveness  of  the  book,  which 
forms  an  excellent  guide  to  this  region  so  rich  in 
historic  shrines  and  landmarks.  It  is,  as  Longfellow 
wrote  of  it  in  the  seventies,  "  a  perfect  store-house 
of  information." 

A  novel,  thoroughly  artistic,  and  delightfully  man- 
ufactured little  book  is  Mr.  Ernest  Seton-Thompson's 
"  The  Trail  of  the  Sandhill  Stag  "  (Scribner  ) .  The 
story  is  a  capital  one  —  a  hunter's  yarn  with  an 
infusion  of  poetry,  and  a  touching,  finely  conceived 
denouement.  The  hunter,  in  fact,  as  the  tale  ends, 
is  so  struck  by  the  majesty,  the  pathetic  mute  ap- 
peal as  a  fellow-creature,  as  a  dumb  sharer  in  the 
common  life  that  binds  us  to  the  lowest  forms  of  it, 
of  the  noble  beast  that  after  years  of  fruitless  track- 
ing stands  at  last  helpless  before  the  muzzle  of  his 
rifle,  that  he  forbears  to  fire,  and  relinquishes  for- 
ever the  "  Trail  of  the  Sandhill  Stag."  "  Go,  now," 
he  says,  "  without  fear  of  me.  ...  I  have  learned 


430 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


what  Buddha  learned.  I  shall  never  see  you  again." 
The  author's  full-page  drawings  are  charmingly  and 
(from  the  naturalist's  point  of  view)  faithfully  done, 
and  the  tiny  thumb-nail  sketches  —  deer-tracks,  In- 
dian signs,  bits  of  snowy  landscape,  etc. —  scattered, 
not  too  lavishly,  on  the  margins  have  a  good  effect. 
To  Mrs.  Grace  Gallatin  Seton-Thompson;  is  due  the 
no  small  credit  for  the  general  design  of  the  volume. 

Decidedly  clever  and  "  catchy  "  in  its  literary 
and  material  ground  plan,  as  well  as  pictorial  ly 
pleasing,  is  Mr.  James  L.  Ford's  "  Cupid  and  the 
Footlights"  (Stokes),  with  illustrations  and  decora- 
tions by  Mr.  Archie  Gunn.  This  unique  piece  of 
Christmas  bric-a-brac  rather  baffles  description ;  and 
we  advise  the  reader  to  examine  it  for  himself. 
However,  Mr.  Ford's  story  is  told  in  a  series  of 
letters,  telegrams,  and  press-clippings,  given  in  fac- 
simile, what  are  supposed  to  be  the  original  docu- 
ments being  pasted  to  the  leaves,  in  scrap-book 
fashion,  of  the  flat  4 to  volume.  Mr.  G nun's  full- 
page  drawings  are  appropriately  interspersed.  Mr. 
Ford's  dramatis  persona  are  a  lot  of  sprightly  and 
very  "up-to-date"  young  people  whose  love  affairs 
and  notions  of  each  other's  pursuits  and  identities 
get  tangled  up  in  an  amusing  way,  and  are  finally 
unsnarled  much  to  their  own  and  the  reader's  satis- 
faction. We  get  a  glimpse  of  the  gayer  and  slightly 
Bohemian  side  of  New  York  life,  and  the  letters  of 
the  stage-people  are  amusingly  spiced  with  the  argot 
of  the  fairer  half  of  the  "  profession."  Mr.  Ford's 
touch  is  light  and  graceful,  and  he  is  evidently  very 
much  at  home  in  the  world  whereof  he  writes.  It 
is  decidedly  a  publication  that  the  finrde-si&cle  young 
man  and  young  woman  should  not  overlook. 

The  wide  range  and  good  quality  of  the  extracts 
contained  in  the  twin  volumes  "In  Friendship's 
Name"  and  "What  Makes  A  Friend  "  (Brentano's), 
and  the  fine  quality  of  their  paper  and  typography, 
should  commend  them  to  seekers  of  gift-books  who 
care  little  for  gay  bindings  and  showy  pictorial 
attractions.  Mr.  Volney  Streamer  is  the  compiler, 
and  he  has  selected  and  strung  bis  pearls  of  thought 
on  the  prolific  theme  of  friendship  with  unusual 
taste  and  judgment.  The  scope  of  selection  is  wide, 
ranging  from  the  great  masters  of  prose  and  verse, 
down  to  the  lesser  and  more  familiar  lights  of  our 
own  time  who  have  contributed  their  mite  of  strik- 
ing thought  or  phrase  concerning  the  sentiment  that 
Montaigne  styles  "  the  highest  degree  of  perfection 
in  society."  These  chastely  manufactured  volumes 
are  bound  in  pliable  covers  of  vellum,  and  will  be 
found  edifying  to  read  and  useful  to  refer  to. 

The  fine  artistic  fancy  and  skill  of  execution  of 
Mr.  Walter  Crane  are  well  displayed  in  Messrs.  R. 
G.  Badger  &  Co.'s  attractive  Holiday  publication 
entitled  "  The  Sirens  Three."  Script  and  decora- 
tions are  printed  in  uniform  light  sepia  on  rather 
thick  paper  of  medium  smoothness.  Mr.  Crane's 
work  is  quite  elaborate,  and  is  informed,  we  think, 
with  a  somewhat  more  serious  and  symbolical  spirit 
than  usual.  At  any  rate  it  well  repays  close  inspec- 
tion, and  it  makes  the  well-made  volume  containing 


it  the  choicest  and  most  really  artistic  of  the  season's 
more  inexpensive  publications. 

Books  on  stage  folk  are  usually  sure  of  their 
welcome ;  and  Mr.  Lewis  C.  Strang's  "  Famous 
Actresses  of  the  Day  in  America"  (L.  C.  Page  & 
Co.)  is  one  of  those  which  will  deserve  it.  Mr. 
Strang  modestly  disclaims  having  secured  "  any 
great  amount  of  new  matter  "  regarding  the  careers 
of  his  thirty-one  heroines,  and  acknowledges  him- 
self a  compiler  and  editor  in  so  far  as  biographical 
details  are  concerned.  His  facts  have  been  gleaned 
from  newspapers  and  magazines  —  in  some  cases 
from  the  actresses  themselves.  The  sketches  are 
necessarily  brief  (there  are  only  360  pages,  index 
included,  in  the  little  volume),  and  there  is  a  modi- 
cum of  criticism.  Each  sketch,  however,  suffices  to 
inform  the  reader  in  a  general  way  who  its  heroine 
is  and  whence  she  came,  what  are  her  best  parts 
and  what  her  salient  characteristics.  Mr.  Strang 
writes  pleasantly  and  intelligently,  and  with  due 
sympathy  with  his  theme.  There  are  twenty-five 
portraits,  including  those  of  Miss  Maude  Adams, 
Miss  Marlowe,  Annie  Russell,  Maxine  Elliott,  Ada 
Rehan,  Viola  Allen,  Julia  Arthur,  Effie  Shannon, 
Marie  Burroughs,  May  Robson,  etc.  All  are  stage- 
favorites  of  to-day.  The  cover,  in  white  and  gold, 
is  a  notably  dainty  one. 

The  points  of  interest  described  in  Mr.  Charles 
Hemstreet's  "Nooks  and  Corners  of  Old  New 
York  "  (Scribner)  lie  in  that  tangled  maze  of  streets 
and  alleys  that  bewilder  the  provincial  pilgrim  to 
the  lower  and  historic  part  of  the  Island  of  Man- 
hattan. Mr.  Hemstreet  is  clearly  an  oracle  on  the 
ancient  history,  actual,  legendary,  and  topograph- 
ical, of  this  swarming  and  not  always  delectable 
district  of  Gotham,  and  his  method  of  imparting 
information  is  terse  and  practical.  The  little  work 
is  a  good  one  for  the  reader  who  wants  to  make 
the  most,  especially  in  the  shrine-hunting  way,  of  a 
ramble  through  the  region  treated.  Mr.  Peixotto's 
pen-drawings  are  clever  and  instructive,  and  the 
book  is  decoratively  bound. 

Mr.  Seumas  MacManus's  pretty  volume  of  tales 
of  Irish  folk-lore,  entitled  "In  Chimney  Corners" 
(Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.),  has  the  right  Celtic 
smack.  There  is  just  the  least  touch  of  the  brogue 
indicated  in  the  spelling,  and  the  wit  is  genuine 
and  as  different  from  the  article  purveyed  in  the 
comic  papers,  and  popularly  thought  to  be  Irish  wit, 
as  "  Mr.  Dooley's "  turn  of  speech  and  humor  is 
from  that  of  his  bog-trotting  ancestors.  There  are 
sixteen  tales,  all  replete  with  the  arch  fun  and  art- 
less fancies  of  the  quick-witted,  nimble-tongued 
imaginative  peasant  of  Erin.  Miss  Pamela  Colinan 
Smith's  bright-colored  illustrations  are  highly  deco- 
rative and  sympathetic — just  the  sort  that  ••  Paddy  " 
himself  would  approve  in  their  present  setting. 

Marion  Harland's  "Some  Colonial  Homesteads 
and  Their  Stories  "  is  now  followed  by  a  kindred 
and  companion  volume  entitled  "  More  Colonial 
Homesteads  and  Their  Stories"  (Putnam).  The 
present  work  treats  of  such  interesting  and  storied 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


431 


old  mansions  as  Johnson  Hall,  Johnstown,  N.  Y. ; 
La  Chaumiere  Du  Prairie,  near  Lexington,  Ky. ; 
the  two  Schuyler  Homesteads,  Albany,  N.  Y. ;  the 
Carroll  Homestead,  Maryland  ;  Belmont  Hall,  near 
Smyrna,  Del. ;  Langdon  and  Wentworth  Homes, 
Portsmouth,  N.  H. ;  etc.  The  author  has  in  each 
case  visited  the  seat  described,  and  has  spared  no 
pains  in  making  minute  and  pers6nal  research  into 
its  history  and  archives.  The  book  has  a  certain 
value  as  a  chronicle  of  Colonial  times  and  manners, 
and  its  attractive  pictorial  features  and  handsome 
appearance  generally  make  it  a  suitable  gift-book. 
There  are  eighty  illustrations,  comprising  views  of 
the  homes  described,  portraits,  coats-of-arms,  his- 
toric apartments,  pieces  of  Colonial  furniture,  etc. 

"  The  Romance  of  Our  Ancient  Churches  "  (Dut- 
ton)  is  an  account,  sympathetically  written,  of  the 
earlier  structures  of  Great  Britain  erected  for 
ecclesiastical  purposes,  by  Miss  Sarah  Wilson,  with 
an  abundance  of  illustrations  by  Mr.  Alexander 
Ansted.  The  churches  dealt  with  are  rather  the 
smaller  parish  houses  of  worship  than  the  well- 
known  cathedrals ;  but  the  flavor  of  romance  and 
antiquity  is  none  the  less  strong.  It  is  a  matter  of 
surprise  to  find  so  many  Saxon  foundations  still 
surviving  as  meeting-places  for  the  faithful,  and  it 
shows  the  strength  of  the  hold  the  old  church  has 
on  the  English  heart. 

"For  Thee  Alone"  (Dana  Estes  &  Co.)  is  the 
melting,  if  not  very  explicit,  title  of  an  anthology 
of  love-poems  compiled  by  Miss  Grace  Hartshorne. 
Miss  Hartshorne  has  aimed  ''to  present  a  selection  of 
the  best  poems  of  love  and  lovers  in  the  English  lan- 
guage, as  well  as  a  few  notable  translations."  In 
this  aim  she  appears  to  us  to  have  succeeded  very 
well  indeed,  her  list  of  poets  and  titles  displaying  due 
refinement  as  well  as  catholicity  of  taste.  The  older 
masters  of  verse  are  suitably  represented,  and  there 
is  a  liberal  sprinkling  of  the  later  and  the  humbler 
poets  —  Mr.  Whitcomb  Riley,  Miss  Thaxter,  Phoebe 
Gary,  Mr.  Samuel  Minturn  Peck,  Miss  Thomas,  etc. 
The  volume  is  a  small  one,  (283  pp.),  and  seems 
especially  so  when  we  consider  the  wide  field  of 
selection  from  which  its  contents  are  culled.  It  is 
a  notably  pretty  and  dainty  one  outwardly,  well 
printed,  and  delicately  bound  in  pale  blue  with  cover 
ornament  in  lavender  and  sea-green.  A  rather  effec- 
tive and  original  feature  is  the  sixteen  illustrations 
consisting  of  half-tone  reproductions  of  paintings  by 
artists  mostly  modern  —  Alma  Tadema,  Edouard 
Bisson,  Tito  Conti,  W.  Menzler,  N.  Sichel,  F. 
Andreotti,  etc.  The  connection  of  pictures  with 
text  is  of  course  rather  vague  and  fanciful ;  but 
they  serve  the  end  of  beautifying  the  book  and 
making  it  an  attractive  and  a  suitable  one  for  a  gift. 

Another  attractive,  but  in  range  of  authors  some- 
what less  comprehensive,  anthology  of  poems  of 
love  is  entitled  "  For  Love's  Sweet  Sake  "  (Lee  & 
Shepard).  The  editor  is  Mr.  G.  Hembert  Westley, 
and  his  selections  in  the  present  volume  evince  the 
same  good  taste  shown  in  its  predecessor  and  com- 
panion, "  Because  I  Love  You."  Mr.  Westley 


apparently  inclines,  as  a  compiler  at  least,  to  the 
more  modern  and  the  more  easily  appreciated  poets ; 
and  we  should  say  that  as  a  particularly  "  fetching  " 
gift-book  the  young  man  in  search  of  a  Christmas 
token  for  the  object  of  his  affections  will  scarcely 
find  anything  better  or  more  eloquent  of  the  state 
of  his  heart  and  the  seriousness  of  his  "  intentions  " 
than  this  book  of  Mr.  Westley's.  The  essential 
fact  that  "  Barkis  is  willin' "  lurks  in  its  very  title. 
The  text  is  clearly  printed  on  moderately  glazed 
paper,  and  there  is  a  sprinkling  of  illustrations, 
full-page  and  marginal.  The  chaste  binding  of 
white,  light-blue,  and  gold  calls  for  special  praise. 

"  Historic  Towns  of  the  Middle  States,"  which 
forms  Volume  II.  of  the  Messrs.  Putnams'  useful 
"  American  Historic  Towns  "  series,  presents  mono- 
graphs on  Albany,  Saratoga,  Schenectady,  New- 
burgh,  Tarrytown,  Brooklyn,  New  York,  Buffalo, 
Pittsburgh,  Philadelphia,  Princeton,  Wilmington. 
The  general  Introduction  is  by  Dr.  Albert  Shaw, 
who  points  out  some  interesting  special  facts  in  the 
early  history  and  colonization  of  the  Middle  States, 
notably  the  mixed  and  cosmopolitan  character  of 
their  original  population,  which  served  to  differen- 
tiate them  pretty  sharply  from  the  other  two  sec- 
tions, and  to  make  them,  as  it  were,  a  useful  buffer 
between  the  morally  and  socially  rather  antagon- 
istic groups  of  New  England  States  and  Southern 
States.  Dr.  Shaw's  observations  are  interesting, 
and  we  should  like  to  see  them  more  fully  devel- 
oped. The  several  authors  have  made  the  most  of 
the  limited  space  at  their  disposal,  and  the  volume 
is  both  readable  aud  instructive.  It  is  handsomely 
printed  and  contains  over  150  illustrations. 

"  Shakespeare's  Sonnets  "  are  obviously  and  not 
•  unpleasingly  exploited  for  pictorial  and  decorative 
purposes  by  Mr.  Henry  Ospovat,  in  the  square  little 
volume  of  them  published  by  Mr.  John  Lane.  The 
spirit  of  pre-Raphaelitism  has  entered  Mr.  Ospovat 
to  some  extent,  and  his  bold  wood-cuts  are  quite  in 
the  neo-mediaeval,  church-window  style  of  Morris 
and  the  rest.  The  full  page  plates,  of  which  there 
are  a  dozen  or  so,  recall  very  forcibly  the  work  of 
the  brothers  Rhead,  which  was  strongly  in  evidence 
last  season.  The  text  is  handsomely  printed  on 
rather  thick  cream-tinted  paper,  and  the  cover  is  of 
buff  and  gold.  The  book  is  artistic,  and  should 
form  an  unexceptionable  gift. 

For  a  low-priced  yet  sound  and  tasteful  gift-book, 
nothing  better  could  be  selected  than  a  volume 
of  the  "Copley  Series"  (Crowell),  which  com- 
prises "  Abbe*  Constantin,"  Kipling's  "  Barrack- 
Room  Ballads,"  "  Cranford,"  "  Evangeline,"  "  Hia- 
watha," "  The  House  of  the  Seven  Gables,"  Mere- 
dith's "  Lucille,"  and  Curtis's  "  Prue  and  I."  The 
text  is  printed  on  good  deckle-edge  paper  with  lib- 
eral margins,  and  the  bindings  show  a  notably 
tasteful  design  in  dark -green  with  floriated  gold 
borders.  The  colored  illustrations  have  a  pleasing 
effect,  and,  altogether,  the  volumes  must  be  pro- 
nounced of  marvellously  good  quality,  considering 
the  low  price  asked  for  them. 


432 


THE    DIAJL 


[Dec.  1 


BOOKS  FOR  THK  YOUNG. 

L 

First  of  all  the  reflections  we  children  of  a 
larger  growth  are  likely  to  have  on  looking 
over  the  long  lists  of  books  for  the  young 
is  the  great  number  of  the  better  books.  While  there 
are  quite  as  many  of  the  other  sort  as  there  used  to  be, 
the  enormous  increase  in  the  number  of  volumes  in- 
tended for  the  oncoming  generation  is  made  up  from 
tales  and  picture-books  of  a  sort  wholly  unknown  thirty 
years  ago.  With  this  goes  a  consciousness  of  many 
world-movements, —  all  the  noisier  ones,  in  fact, —  the 
echoes  of  which  come  back  from  the  children's  world. 
War  is  dominant  in  their  reading  matter,  almost  to  the 
exclusion  of  the  healthier  excitement  of  travel  and  ad- 
venture. Historical  tales  are  evidently  popular  with 
the  youngsters,  as  with  their  elders ;  and  of  all  the 
various  kinds  of  these,  topics  taken  from  colonial  days 
are  most  in  vogue.  Just  as  the  man  of  complex  civili- 
zation turns  most  lovingly  to  nature,  so  the  American 
who  is  leaving  the  simplicity  of  his  national  life  behind 
him  harks  back  to  the  more  natural  days  when  the  na- 
tion was  still  in  swaddling  clothes.  But  one  difference 
is  to  be  noted:  the  gentler  sex  is  said  to  dominate  the 
fiction  for  the  adult  reading  population,  and  the  novel 
which  makes  no  appeal  to  womankind  is  said  to  be  fore- 
doomed. Among  these  works  for  children  and  youth, 
on  the  contrary,  boys'  books  are  greatly  in  the  majority. 
It  may  be  that  girls  like  boys'  books  better  than  those 
originally  intended  for  themselves,  while  girls'  books 
make  no  corresponding  appeal  to  their  brothers;  still, 
a  more  likely  solution  comes  to  the  same  end,  in  the 
assumption  that  here  too  the  little  woman  is  doing  the 
work  of  the  little  man,  as  in  so  many  other  things  in 
real  life. 

Stories  of  school  and  college  are  numerous 
and  wholesome.  "Stalky  &  Co."  (Double- 
<md  college.  d&y),  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Rudyard  Kip- 
ling, is  the  sincerest  of  these,  since  it  goes  to  the  pains 
of  showing  the  boy  as  he  is  rather  than  the  boy  as  his 
parents  would  have  him.  The  ignoring  of  the  evolu- 
tionary idea  that  the  individual  repeats  in  himself  the 
history  of  the  race  is  one  of  the  troubles  with  most 
children's  reading  matter,  as  anyone  may  prove  who 
will  go  back  to  the  "  Eric,  or  Little  by  Little  "  of  Canon 
Farrar,  which  Stalky  and  his  companions  so  detest. 
English  schools  are  healthy  in  sentiment,  and  give  the 
youthful  savage  scope  for  his  savagery,  as  in  the  present 
instance;  and  the  fact  that  it  contains  an  autobiography 
of  the  author  as  a  lad  heightens  the  value  of  it. — "The 
Adventures  of  a  Freshman "  (Scribner)  is  written  by 
Mr.  Jesse  Lynch  Williams  to  tell  what  may  befall  a 
healthy  young  countryman  during  his  first  year  at 
Princeton,  proving  that  boys  gain  by  temptations,  if  they 
are  the  right  kind  of  boys "The  Half  Back"  (Apple- 
ton),  by  Mr.  Ralph  H.  Harbour,  is  a  tale  of  a  fitting 
school  and  of  the  freshman  year  in  Harvard,  thinly 
disguised  as  "Harwell." — Similarly,  "Ward  Hill  at 
College"  (A.  J.  Rowland),  by  Dr.  Everett  T.  Tomlin- 
son,  deals  with  life  in  Rutgers,  the  name  of  that  re- 
spectable foundation  being  sufficiently  apparent  in  the 
anagram  "Tegrus."  All  these  have  a  lot  of  Rugby 
football  in  them,  while  Mr.  Harbour's  volume  treats  of 

golf  as  well "Cattle  Ranch  to  College"  (Doubleday) 

is  by  Mr.  Russell  Doubleday,  and  portrays  a  boy  too 
busy  earning  an  honest  living  to  go  in  for  athletics, 
though  he  wins  a  bicycle  race  at  just  the  right  time. — 


Tain  of  var 
and  action. 


Mr.  Rupert  Hughes's  "The  Dozen  from  Lakerim" 
(Century)  is  almost  exclusively  athletic,  with  more  of 
track  and  team  events  to  distinguish  it  from  its  fellows. 
There  is  a  thesis  underlying  these  stories 

of  the  ^J*  at  8cbo°l  and.  oo^S".  abl-v  (it" 
f ended  by  all  these  writers  except  Mr. 
Kipling,  to  the  effect  that  athletics  increase  the  capacity 
for  school  work,  and  eminence  in  both  is  attained  quite 
as  readily  as  eminence  in  either.  Yet  the  books  which 
deal  with  girls  in  school  and  college  show  nothing  of 
this  tendency,  for  all  the  woman's  athletics  and  golfing. 
Miss  Frances  Freiot  Gilbert,  in  "The  Annals  of  My 
College  Life"  (Lee),  provides  an  illustrated  blank- 
book  (to  use  a  seeming  paradox)  wherein,  as  she  says, 
girls  may  record  the  "  bright  features  of  student  days." 
She  provides  for  "  My  Arrival,"  "  My  Chums,"  "  My 
Spreads,"  and  the  like,  but  not  for  "  My  Athletic  Suc- 
cesses."—In  "  Beck's  Fortune  "  (Lee),  Miss  Adele  E. 
Thompson  turns  the  interest  attaching  to  her  school- 
girl in  romantic  directions,  the  story  being  both  strong 
and  wholesome. —  And  in  "The  Boys  and  Girls  of 
Brantham  "  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.)  Miss  Evelyn  Ray- 
mond depicts  a  coeducational  military  academy  in 
which  both  sexes  drill  with  fervor,  but  fails  to  make 
athletes  of  either  her  boys  or  girls.  The  book,  for  all 
its  incipient  militarism,  with  all  our  American  girls  po- 
tential Molly  Starks,  is  exciting ;  a  crime  and  the  sus- 
picions it  gives  rise  to  heightening  the  interest. 

How  much  work  is  done  by  men  of  letters 
to-day  in  comparison  with  an  earlier  day, 
illustrating  the  high  pressure  under  which 
we  moderns  have  to  work,  is  best  proved  by  the  new 
publications  of  Mr.  George  Alfred  Henty,  already  suf- 
ficiently well  known  to  have  a  class  of  literature,  the 
"  Henty  books,"  named  from  him.  His  methods  are 
simple  and  natural,  though  he  deals  with  the  more  ex- 
citing events  of  history,  and  therefore  leans  away  from 
the  normal  always.  This  method  consists  in  taking  an 
historical  episode  of  sufficient  consequence^  and  weav- 
ing into  it  the  fortunes  of  a  boy.  Three  of  his  new 
books  are  published  by  Scribner,  and  of  these  "  Won  by 
the  Sword  "  deals  with  the  Thirty  Years'  War,  "  No  Sur- 
render" is  concerned  with  the  rising  in  La  Vende*e,  and 
"  A  Roving  Commission  "  treats  of  the  black  insurrec- 
tion in  Hayti.  Another  of  his  stories,  "The  Brahmin's 
Treasure,  or  Colonel  Thorndike's  Secret "  (Lippincott), 
is  more  of  a  novel  than  the  others,  and  for  boys  some- 
what older;  while  a  fifth  volume  bearing  the  Henty 
name  is  "  Yule  Tide  Yarns  "  (Longmans),  in  which  Mr. 
Henty  furnishes  the  first  story,  its  companions  coming 
from  pens  as  competent  as  those  of  Messrs.  Bloudelle- 
I '.Mi-ton.  David  Ker,  George  Manville  Fenn,  and  others. 
These  novels  are  distinctly  historical,  and  of  value  on 
that  account,  apart  from  the  interesting  manner  in 
which  they  are  set  forth — With  them  goes  Mr.  Henry 
Newbolt's  "Stories  from  Froissart"  (Macmillan). 
Unlike  Sidney  Lanier  in  his  "Boy's  Froissart,"  Mr. 
Newbolt  takes  most  of  his  narrative  directly  from  the 
pages  of  Lord  Berners's  great  translation,  though  it  is 
greatly  abridged,  even  in  comparison  with  the  other. — 
"  The  Story  of  Magellan  "  (Appleton)  of  Mr.  Hezekiah 
Butterworth  is  pleasant  to  read,  as  anything  dealing 
with  a  life  so  full  of  wonders  must  be.  It  has  added 
interest  at  the  present  time  because  of  the  great  navi- 
gator's connection  with  the  Philippines. — Mr.  Henry 
St.  John  uses  Sir  Francis  Drake  in  a  similar  manner  in 
"The  Voyage  of  the  Avenger"  (L.  C.  Page  &  Co.), 
which  has  to  do  with  the  Spanish  Inquisition  and  other 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


433 


matters  of  more  or  less  fascination —  Mrs.  Molly  Elliot 
Seawell  leaves  America  for  a  time  to  follow  a  young 
French-English-Scotchman,  "  Gavin  Hamilton  "  (Har- 
per), through  the  wars  between  Maria  Theresa  and 
Frederick  the  Great.  It  makes  excellent  reading — 
So  does  Mr.  O.  V.  Caine's  "  In  the  Year  of  Waterloo  " 
(A.  I.  Bradley),  a  book  of  good  fighting,  opening  with 
the  somewhat  usual  "sound  of  revelry  by  night." 
American  The  books  which  deal  with  the  past  of 
hittory  to  tht  America,  from  days  very  remote  to  those 
Revolution.  quite  recent,  are  well  nigh  innumerable. 
"The  Treasure  Ship"  (Appleton),  also  by  Mr.  Heze- 
kiah  Butterworth,  has  to  do  with  Sir  William  Phipps 
and  his  lucky  find  (which,  like  a  number  of  other 
things  worth  having,  was  not  so  much  luck  as  good 
sense)  and  the  American  regicides. —  "The  Boys  of 
Scrooby"  (Houghton),  by  Miss  Ruth  Hall,  goes  back 
to  an  earlier  period  still,  having  to  do  with  Captain 

John  Smith  first,  and  then  with  the  Mayflower "  Fife 

and  Drum  at  Louisbourg  "  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.)  is  a 
pleasant  story  of  a  pair  of  Yankee  twins  during  the 
French  War,  by  Mr.  J.  Macdonald  Oxley  ;  and  "  The 
Young  Puritans  in  Captivity  "  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.), 
the  third  of  the  "  Young  Puritan "  series  written  by 
Mrs.  Mary  P.  Wells  Smith,  treats  of  the  fortunes  of 
Prudence  Ellis  and  Submit  Carter,  who  were  carried 
away  from  Hadley  in  King  Philip's  war.  —  Another 
tale  of  King  Philip's  war  is  Mr.  Edward  S.  Ellis's 
"Uncrowning  a  King"  (Penn  Publishing  Co.).  The 
hero  does  wonders,  but  modern  sympathy  goes  out 
to  the  unfortunate  Philip  nevertheless.  —  Coming 
down  to  Revolutionary  times,  Mr.  Elbridge  S.  Brooks 
makes  a  very  good  book  indeed  of  "  In  Blue  and 
"  White  "  (Lothrop),  which  has  to  do  with  a  member 
of  General  Washington's  Life-Guard. — "  A  Jersey  Boy 
in  the  Revolution"  (Houghton),  by  Dr.  Everett  T. 
Tomlinson,  reminds  us  that  New  Jersey  was  a  scene  of 
constant  struggle  during  the  earlier  days  of  our  inde- 
pendence, and  is  correspondingly  engrossing  to  those 
who  like  war's  alarums — Colonel  Charles  Ledyard 
Norton  strikes  the  note  we  used  not  to  hear  at  all,  in 
"  The  Queen's  Rangers  "  (Wilde),  in  which  some  Amer- 
ican boys  take  service  with  Britain  in  New  York,  and 

later  desert  to  the  patriot  cause "  The  Minute  Boys 

of  Bunker  Hill"  (Dana  Estes)  is  by  Mr.  Edward 
Stratemeyer,  a  slight  but  not  uninteresting  tale  ;  and 
"A  Revolutionary  Maid"  (Wilde),  by  Miss  Amy  E. 
Blanchard,  begins  in  New  York,  when  the  old  statue 
on  the  Battery  was  pulled  down  by  the  Liberty  Boys, 
and  goes  through  Valley  Forge.  It  has  a  pleasant  little 
romance  woven  in  it. 

"  On    Fighting  Decks   in    1812  "  (Dana 

iMWar.  Estes)  is  bv  Mr'  F-  H-  Costello,  and  takes 
us  down  to  the  second  war  for  independ- 
ence. The  hero  of  the  book  is  in  sufficiently  good  luck 
to  be  on  the  "  Constitution  "  under  Commodore  Hull 
when  she  meets  the  "  Guerrie're,"  and  on  the  same  gal- 
lant ship  under  Commodore  Bainbridge  when  she  met 
the  "  Java."  It  is  good  reading — "  Midshipman 
Stuart,  or  The  Last  Cruise  of  the  Essex "  (Scribner) 
could  be  made  more  realistic  by  the  use  of  less  end-of- 
the-century  slang,  and  it  is  not  as  well-told  a  narrative 
as  others  of  Mr.  Kirk  Munroe's —  "  Captain  Tom  the 
Privateersman "  (Dana  Estes)  is  by  Mr.  James  Otis, 
aud  sets  forth  the  adventures  of  a  boy  on  the  brig 
"Chasseur,"  which  was  one  of  the  best  fighting  ships 
America  ever  sailed  under  her  flag,  and  abundantly 
deserving  all  the  recognition  possible. —  The  Civil  War 


shows  somewhat  desultorily  in  "  Henry  in  the  War,  or 
The  Model  Volunteer  "  (Lee  &  Shepard),  by  General 
O.  O.  Howard.  It  is  a  sequel  to  his  former  book  for 
boys,  and  contains  an  interesting  glance  at  West  Point 
in  a  day  now  remote —  A  semi-historical  book  relating 
to  the  Rebellion  is  "On  General  Thomas's  Staff" 
(McClurg),  the  second  of  the  sort  from  the  pen  of  Mr. 
Byron  A.  Dunn.  It  is  undoubtedly  readable,  and  con- 
tains some  spirited  pictures  of  events  among  our  fight- 
ing armies  in  the  great  Southwest —  "  An  Undivided 
Union  "  (Lee  &  Shepard)  is  the  last  new  publication 
which  will  ever  bear  the  name  of  "  Oliver  Optic,"  the 
late  William  T.  Adams,  though  it  owes  its  completion 
to  Mr.  Edward  Stratemeyer,  who  has  evidently  made  a 
study  of  his  predecessor's  methods,  since  he  follows 
them  closely  in  his  original  books  as  well  as  in  this.  It 
is  a  tale  of  Kentucky  fighting,  ending  with  Chicka- 
mauga,  and  abounds  in  the  sort  of  incident  which  won 
Mr.  Adams  a  sale  of  two  million  volumes  for  his  vari- 
ous books,  a  sale  which  shows  no  signs  of  abatement. 
From  Cuba  The  war  with  Spain  and  associated  events 
to  the  is  not  the  mainspring  of  as  much  action  in 

PMippintt.  this  sort  of  reading-matter  as  it  was  a  year 
ago.  "Forward  March!"  (Harper)  is  a  well-told  tale 
of  deeds  about  Santiago,  by  Mr.  Kirk  Munroe,  in 
which  the  Rough  Riders  appear  for  the  sixth  or  seventh 
time  in  books —  "  Cleared  for  Action  "  (Dutton),  by 
Mr.  Willis  Boyd  Allen,  has  to  do  with  the  navy,  and  is 
also  worth  reading —  Mr.  James  Otis  adds  two  slender 
volumes  to  his  "  Stories  of  American  History  "  (Dana 
Estes)  with  "  Off  Santiago  with  Sampson  "  and  "  When 
Dewey  Came  to  Manila."  Necessarily,  the  young  men 
in  the  former  book  were  not  on  the  "  New  York,"  for 
they  contrived  to  take  part  in  the  sea-fight  of  July  third, 
and  the  father  of  one  of  them  was  on  the  "  Brooklyn." 
—  Mr.  Rossiter  Johnson  prepares  an  excellent  account 
of  Admiral  Dewey,  both  as  a  young  man  on  the  Missis- 
sippi and  in  his  later  exploits,  with  the  title  of  "  The 
Hero  of  Manila"  (Appleton).  It  is  profusely  illus- 
trated.— "Two  American  Boys  in  Hawaii"  (Dana  Estes) 
leads  up  to  the  actual  scenes  of  annexation  in  Honolulu, 
and  Mr.  G.  Waldo  Browne  tells  the  story  convincingly 
and  well. —  The  same  author  also  goes  back  to  the 
struggle  between  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire 
for  the  debatable  ground  between  them  in  1740  and  the 
succeeding  years,  and  "The  Woodranger"  (Page)  is 
the  pleasing  and  instructive  result. —  The  indefatigable 
Mr.  Stratemeyer  brings  his  "  Old  Glory  "  series  down 
to  date  with  "  Under  Otis  in  the  Philippines,  or  a  Young 
Officer  in  the  Tropics"  (Lee  &  Shepard),  in  which 
Americans  have  the  melancholy  pleasure  of  reading  of 
the  undoubted  bravery  of  their  soldiers  exhibited  in  a 
war  with  men  fighting  for  liberty.  Finally,  a  tolerably 
complete  survey  of  our  greatness  in  men  of  many  kinds 
appears  in  the  brief  and  admirably  designed  series  of 
"  Historic  Americans  "  (Crowell),  by  Mr.  Eldridge  S. 
Brooks. 

.  It  seems  to  be  generally  true  that  women 
Invention  and  do  not  e  •  storieg  of  fighting,  so  that  all 
aucovery.  .  ,  '  •>  .  '' 

the  tales  or  war  just  enumerated  are  not 

intended  for  girls,  unless  these  are  so  much  nearer 
barbarism  that  their  taste  for  bloody  scenes  or  bloody 
deeds  is  not  yet  effaced.  It  is  to  be  noted  generally, 
however,  that  the  real  horrors  of  war,  the  inevitable 
facts  which  make  it,  as  General  Sherman  said,  "  hell," 
are  glossed  over  by  all  the  writers  mentioned,  and  only 
its  splendors,  as  set  apart  from  its  horrors,  are  permitted 
to  appear.  Even  in  the  tales  of  the  Revolution,  when 


434 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


the  American  cause  was  just  and  aided  in  the  causa  of 
human  freedom,  there  is  a  tendency  to  minimize  the 
justice  of  the  cause  in  favor  of  the  glory  of  mere  courage 
on  the  scene  of  battle  afloat  or  ashore.  This  must  ap- 
peal to  the  lower  instincts  of  boys;  and  we  like  to  think 
that  the  girls,  at  least,  have  no  share  in  it.  But  the 
rest  of  the  books  for  boys  are  for  the  most  part  whole- 
some and  hearty,  when  they  are  not  most  interestingly 
instructive.  In  this  last  class,  "The  Boy's  Book  of 
Inventions  "  (Doubleday),  by  Mr.  Ray  Stannard  Baker, 
must  be  given  very  high  rank  indeed,  and  it  is  difficult 
to  imagine  anyone  who  will  not  be  fascinated  by  the 
wonders  it  describes —  Also  dealing  with  mechanics  and 
its  kindred  topics  is  '« Dorsey,  the  Young  Inventor " 
(Fords,  Howard  &  Hulbert),  by  Mr.  Edward  S.  Ellis. 
The  author  makes  use  of  the  boy's  genius  to  pay  off  a 
mortgage,  which  is  not  particularly  original  with  him, 
but  makes  the  book  a  desirable  one  nevertheless. — 
"The  Young  BOM"  (Crowell),  by  Mr.  Edward  William 
Thompson,  also  treats  of  some  engineering  feats,  and  is 
a  pleasant  account  of  difficulties  overcome. 

Among  the  few  books  of  travels  in  the 
usual  sense  of  the  word  is  Mr.  Paul  Du 
Chaillu's  "The  Land  of  the  Long  Night" 
(Scribner).  This  deals  with  experiences,  some  of  them 
downright  hardships,  in  the  Scandinavian  peninsula,  and 
has  the  intimate  knowledge  of  children's  tastes  and 
fancies  which  characterize  this  writer's  earlier  works. 
—  Another  tale  of  life  in  high  latitudes  is  the  "  Winter 
Adventures  of  Three  Boys  in  the  Great  Lone  Land  " 
(Eaton  &  Mains),  by  Mr.  Egerton  R.  Young.  The  land 
in  question  is  Labrador,  and  the  Hudson  Bay  Company's 
men  provide  the  other  persons  of  the  story. —  A  third 
volume  from  the  busy  pen  of  Dr.  Everett  T.  Tomlinson 
is  "  Camping  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  or  On  the  Trail  of 
the  Early  Discoverers  "  (Lee  &  Shepard).  In  the  last 
vacation  before  entering  college,  four  boys  go  into  the 
wilderness  which  the  French  had  passed  through  cen- 
turies before,  and  have  the  sort  of  time  which  men  try 
to  have  when  they  go  off  camping. — "  To  Alaska  for 
Gold "  (Lee  &  Shepard)  deals  with  the  recent  dis- 
coveries of  precious  metals  along  the  Yukon,  and  Mr. 
Stratemeyer,  though  be  gives  his  young  men  consider- 
ably better  fortune  than  most  of  the  prospectors  have 
had  in  the  Klondike,  still  paints  the  difficulties  of  that 
remote  region. —  Hunting,  rather  than  travel,  makes  up 
the  argument  in  "Grant  Burton  the  Runaway"  (Lee 
&  Shepard),  wherein  Mr.  W.  Gordon  Parker  carries  on 
the  adventures  of  the  boys  he  introduced  his  readers  to 
last  year,  with  some  additions.  The  story  has  a  fine 
manly  tone —  Another  book  devoted  to  the  search  for 
gold,  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  this  time,  is  "  The  Treas- 
ure of  Mushroom  Rock"  (Putnam),  by  Mr.  Sid  ford  F. 
Hamp. — And  still  another  is  "  The  Young  Goldseekers" 
(Penn  Publishing  Co.),  by  Mr.  Edward  S.  Ellis,  Alaska 
being  the  scene  of  the  treasure  hunting.  How  easy  it 
is  to  find  the  end  of  the  rainbow  in  books! 

More  stories  than  one  have  been  woven 
of  ton*?*  *round  the  Victoria  Cross,  and  many  more 
will  continue  to  be  told  of  the  deeds  of 
valor  which  it  rewards.  "  Tom  Graham,  V.C."  (Nel- 
son), by  Mr.  William  Johnson,  is  the  latest  of  these, 
and  tells  us  how  Tom  was  able  to  distinguish  himself  in 
the  Afghan  war  to  his  heart's  content — "  Jack  the  Young 
Ranchman"  (Stokes),  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  William 
Bird  Grinnell,  is  a  pleasant  medley  of  Indians,  Rocky 
Mountains,  and  boys  on  a  ranch,  with  adventure  and 
enterprise  apparent  on  every  page. —  A  serious  accident 


to  one  of  "The  Boys  of  Marniton  I'raine"  (Little, 
Brown,  &  Co.),  by  Miss  Gertrude  Smith,  and  the  good 
that  eventually  Hows  from  it,  make  excellent  reading; 
while  "  The  Voyage  of  the  Pulo  Way  "  (  Fenno)  is  as  sen- 
sational as  Mr.  Carlton  Dawe  knows  how  to  make  a 
boy's  book,  with  piracy  and  fighting  around  the  Philip- 
pine islands  among  its  incidents. —  A  curious  mingling  of 
unusual  information  and  mishap  is  "  The  Golden  Talis- 
man "  (Wilde),  by  Mr.  H.  Phelps  Whitntanh.  It  con- 
tains an  account  of  a  young  captive  who  supplies  a 
scentless  kingdom  with  all  manner  of  agreeable  per- 
fumes, to  the  delight  of  all  concerned.  —  "Captain 
Kodak  "  (Lothrop)  is  a  camera  story,  and  the  proficiency 
of  Mr.  Alexander  Black,  its  author,  is  shown  by  the 
illustrations  reproducing  photographs  he  has  taken.  It 
is  what  boys  with  a  tendency  for  picture-making  will  ask 
for. —  Mr.  William  Drysdale  has  done  a  difficult  thing 
very  well  in  his  "  Helps  for  Ambitious  Boys  "  (Crowell). 
He  takes  up  various  handicrafts  successively,  pointing 
out  their  respective  merits,  adds  to  it  accounts  of  the 
learned  professions  so  called,  and  produces  a  book  which 
will  be  a  real  assistance  to  boys  and  their  parents  both: 
a  thing  frequently  attempted  and  seldom  carried  out  to 
anything  like  a  successful  conclusion. 

What  a  pleasant  picture  of  a  lad's  happi- 

68t  d*7*  in  Scotland  Mr>  S-  R-  Crockett 
gives  in  "  Kit  Kennedy,  Country  Boy " 
(Harper),  returning  to  an  earlier  (and  better)  manner  t 
And  the  truths  in  his  pages,  which  give  a  man  that 
curious  start,  as  if  he  had  renewed  his  youth  for  a  mo- 
ment, are  told  in  another  form,  of  American  boys  in  a 
Western  country  town,  by  Mr.  William  Allen  White  in 
"The  Court  of  Boyville"  (Doubleday).  Mr.  White's 
boys  do  not  get  as  old  as  Kit,  and  they  are  correspond- 
ingly free  from  the  finalities;  but  they  are  all  the  more 
real.  Mr.  Orson  Lowell's  illustrations  in  the  American 
book  are  just  what  is  needed  to  finish  the  picture. —  A 
book  which  every  boy  can  read  to  his  profit,  in  more 
senses  than  one,  is  Mr.  William  O.  Stoddard's  "  I'lrio 
the  Jarl "  (Eaton  &  Mains).  Daring,  but  not  improb- 
able, is  the  conception  that  the  penitent  thief  was  a 
viking  from  the  north;  and  the  book  has  real  merit. — 
Of  an  older  fashion  is  Mr.  Harry  Castlemon's  "  The 
White  Beaver"  (Coates),  where  there  are  crimes  and 
retributions  galore.  With  this  goes  another  long  familar 
name,  that  of  Mr.  Horatio  Alger,  Jr.,  with  "Rupert's 
Ambition"  (Coates),  in  which  everything  happens  at 
precisely  the  right  moment,  in  precisely  the  manner  in 
which  everything  fails  to  happen  in  real  life — Another 
boy  who  wins  his  way  up  from  straitened  circum- 
stances is  the  hero  of  "  The  Bishop's  Shadow  "  (Revell), 
the  bishop  being  the  late  Phillips  Brooks,  of  glorious 
and  saintly  memory. —  If  there  is  anything  which  ought 
to  make  a  small  boy  proud,  it  is  the  manner  in  which 
other  small  boys  wage  successful  warfare  with  a  tribe 
of  red  Indians  in  war-paint,  in  the  pages  of  Mr.  Ed- 
ward S.  Ellis's  "  Iron  Heart,  Chief  of  the  Iroquois  " 
(Coates).  It  is  really  worth  while. — "Three  Times 
Three"  (Revell)  is  a  composite  tale  of  a  boy's  tempta- 
tions in  a  large  city,  written  by  many  hands,  including 
those  of  Mrs.  G.  R.  Alden,  Miss  Faye  Huntington,  and 
others.  It  is  moral. 

Mr.  Albert  Bigelow  Paine's  latest  book, 

•***   "The  Beacon    Prize  Medals,   and  Other 

''    Stories"  (Baker  &  Taylor  Co.),  includes 

also  the  thrilling  tale  of  happily  averted  accident,  "  Out 

with  the  Tide."   The  short  stories  of  which  the  volume 

is  composed  are  intended  for  both  boys  and  girls,  and 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


435 


they  make  this  double  appeal  successfully.  It  is  a  curi- 
ous fact  that  boys  in  stories  always  gain  by  being  asso- 
ciated with  other  boys'  sisters,  so  far  as  gentleness  and 
kindliness  are  concerned —  "  The  Fugitive  "  (Scribner) 
of  Mr.  John  R.  Spears  is  an  instance  of  a  contrary  sort, 
showing  all  the  assorted  evils  which  come  to  a  lad 
deprived  of  feminine  influence.  The  book  is  melo- 
dramatic, and  not  up  to  the  author's  own  standard 
after  the  earlier  chapters  are  passed.  It  has  to  do 
with  slaves  and  with  slave  ships. — Even  more  ambi- 
tious, and  a  book  to  be  read  with  profit  by  young  and 
old  alike,  is  Mr.  Thomas  Nelson  Page's  "  Santa  Claus's 
Partner"  (Scribner),  as  pretty  a  bit  of  adventure  in 
domestic  circles  as  can  well  be  written. — "  The  Young 
Master  of  Hyson  Hall "  (Lippincott);  by  Mr.  Frank 
R.  Stockton,  reminds  us  that  Mr.  Stockton's  first  suc- 
cesses were  with  children's  stories.  This  has  less  than 
usual  of  the  somewhat  characteristic  whimsicality  of 
the  author,  and  is  none  the  worse  on  that  account. — 
Informed  with  the  spirit  of  poetry,  Mrs.  Maud  Balling- 
ton  Booth's  "  Sleepy  Time  Stories "  (Putnam)  are 
models  of  writing  for  the  young,  being  wholly  free  from 
mawkishness,  and  much  to  be  treasured. — "  Uncle 
Remus  "  might  have  inspired  Mr.  Joel  Chandler  Har- 
ris's "  Plantation  Pageants "  (Houghton),  and  all  that 
made  his  first  book  world-famous  enters  into  this  last 
work  of  his.  It  is  funny,  and  it  is  considerably  more, 
by  way  of  good  measure.  —  Mr.  Elbridge  S.  Brooks 
weaves  the  poet  Longfellow  into  his  story  of  a  vacation 
summer,  "  On  Wood  Cove  Island "  (Penn  Publishing 
Co.),  making  him  the  centre  of  interest  to  a  number  of 
little  people. — In  a  somewhat  similar  fashion  General 
Grant  is  woven  into  "Under  the  Tamaracks"  (Penn), 
also  by  Mr.  Brooks.  The  story  was  popular  several 
years  ago. 

Of  books  more  distinctly  for  girls,  none 
About  girls  could  be  more  Delightful  reading  than 
andforthem. 

Miss  barah  Orne  Jewett  s  "Betty  Leices- 
ter's Christmas  "  (Houghton).  It  is  an  international 
work,  telling  how  a  simple-hearted  little  American  girl 
made  one  of  the  stately  homes  of  England  the  merrier 
for  her  presence. —  "  My  Lady  Frivol  "  (Lippincott), 
by  Miss  Rosa  Nouchette  Carey,  is  for  girls  almost 
grown  up,  and  is  almost  a  full-fledged  English  novel. — 
"Under  the  Cactus  Flag"  (Houghton),  by  Mrs.  Nora 
Archibald  Smith,  tells  of  a  young  American  girl  who 
went  to  teach  school  in  Mexico,  and  what  delightful 
experiences  she  had  in  the  neighboring  republic. — Mrs. 
A.  D.  T.  Whitney  tells  a  story  which  bids  fair  to  equal 
the  best  of  her  well  and  favorably  known  stories  for 
girls,  in  "  Square  Pegs "  (Houghton).  Estabel,  the 
heroine,  is  charming — Mrs.  Amanda  M.  Douglas  pub- 
lishes two  books  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.),  one  of  them 
telling  of  "  A  Little  Girl  in  Old  Philadelphia,"  as  a  com- 
panion to  her  former  book  about  a  little  girl  in  old 
New  York,  and  the  other  a  sequel  to  a  better-known 
series,  "  The  Heir  of  Sherburne."  Both  can  be  com- 
mended.—  "  Peggy  "  (Dana  Estes)  is  a  school-girl  book 
by  Miss  Laura  E.  Richards,  and  is  filled  with  fun  and 
frolic;  while  "Quicksilver  Sue"  (Century),  by  the 
same  author,  has  a  little  of  the  pathos  in  it  that  made 
her  "  Captain  January  "  so  acceptable. —  Sweet  little 
tales,  short  as  sweet,  make  up  the  "Little  Fig  Tree 
Stories"  (Houghton)  of  Mrs.  Mary  Hallock  Foote. 
They  make  the  bewintered  Easterner  long  for  the 
glories  of  the  California  climate. — "  Roses  "  (Ketcham) 
is  as  English  as  possible,  Miss  Amy  Le  Feuvre  telling 
us  in  it  of  a  little  girl  adopted  by  her  old  godmamma, 


and  the  happiness  that  came  from  this  relation —  That 
thoughtless  selfishness  which  is  at  the  bottom  of  half 
the  world's  ill  is  exposed  in  its  perfect  ugliness  by  Mrs. 
Lucy  C.  Lillie  in  "  Margaret  Thorp's  Trial "  (Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co.).  Margaret  has  a  sister  to  whom  she  is 
devoted  unreasonably  at  first,  but  her  devotion  finally 
brings  about  a  realization  of  the  truth. —  Mrs.  Ellen 
Olney  Kirk  has  a  cheerful  admixture  of  sea  and  shore 
in  "  Dorothy  and  Her  Friends "  (Houghton),  a  book 
for  quite  little  girls. —  "  A  Flower  of  the  Wilderness  " 
(Little,  Brown,  &  Co.)  is  a  nice  little  Puritan  maiden 
whose  portrait  is  painted  with  both  pen  and  pencil  by 

Miss  A.  G.  Plympton "  Elsie  in  the  South  "  (Dodd, 

Mead  &  Co.)  is  the  fortieth  book  from  the  workshop 
of  Mrs.  Martha  Finley,  all  very  well  liked,  and  all 
flavored  with  the  language  of  the  Sunday  school. — 
"The  Island  Impossible"  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.)  of 
Miss  Harriet  Morgan  has  its  whimsies  drawn  into  pic- 
tures by  Mrs.  Katharine  Pyle,  and  the  resulting  volume 
is  out  of  the  common  and  laughable. — "Harum-Scarum 
Joe "  (Dana  Estes)  is  slight  and  Southern,  by  Miss 
Will  Allen  Drumgoole.  It  is  rather  a  story  for  little 
girls  than  boys,  though  written  about  a  boy. — Of  colo- 
nial interest,  showing  something  of  the  history  behind 
"  Evangeline,"  is  Miss  Eliza  F.  Pollard's  "  A  Daughter 
of  France  "  (Nelson),  an  account  of  a  little  Huguenot 
child  in  Acadia — The  rather  unusual  Australian  girl 
makes  "  Trefoil "  (Nelson),  by  Miss  M.  P.  Macdonald, 
more  than  ordinarily  interesting.  There  are  three  of 
her,  and  they  have  a  society  of  their  own,  showing  the 
pervasiveness  of  the  club  movement. —  The  "  Wheat 
and  Huckleberries"  (Wilde)  of  Mrs.  Charlotte  M. 
Yaile  is  another  wholesome  book  from  a  competent 
hand,  telling  of  three  girls  from  the  West  who  spend  a 
summer  in  New  England. — With  a  little  of  the  fash- 
ionable sociological  interest,  and  a  great  deal  more  of 
humanity  in  it,  Miss  Carolyn  Wells  has  turned  her 
manifest  talents  to  excellent  use  in  "The  Story  of 
Betty"  (Century).  It  is  an  account  of  a  little  Irish 
maid-of-all-work  who  adopts  a  most  curious  family  of 
her  own  as  soon  as  she  can  afford  it. — "  We  Four  Girls  " 
(Lee  &  Shepard)  sets  forth  the  adventures  of  some 
girl  friends  who  spend  a  summer  vacation  together  in 
the  country.  The  author,  Miss  Mary  G.  Darling,  shows 
how  their  divergent  characters  act  and  react  to  the 
advantage  of  them  all. — A  judicious  blending  of  Italian 
art  and  American  girlhood  is  the  distinguishing  feature 
of  Miss  Deristhe  L.  Hoyt's  "  Barbara's  Heritage,  or 
•Young  Americans  among  the  Old  Italian  Masters" 
(Wilde) — If  an  ideal  farm  is  lovely,  so  is  Mrs.  C.  F. 
Eraser's  little  book  about  one,  called  "Strawberry 
Hill"  (Crowell).— When  "Wee  Lucy's  Secret"  (Lee 
&  Shepard)  is  said  to  be  the  fourth  volume  of  "  Little 
Prudy's  Children  "  series,  everyone  knows  all  about  it. 
It  is  a  pleasant  thought  that  Sophie  May  (Miss  Clarke) 
can  write  as  spontaneously  for  the  grandchildren  as  she 
did  long  years  ago  for  the  grandmothers — "  Sunbeams 
and  Moonbeams  "  (Crowell)  takes  its  name  from  two 
clubs,  one  of  girls  and  one  of  boys,  which  Mrs.  Louise 
R.  Baker  brings  into  contrast,  with  interesting  and 
sometimes  laughable  results. — A  happy  combination  of 
imagination  and  history  makes  "  The  House  with  Sixty 
Closets"  (Lee  &  Shepard)  of  Mr.  Frank  Samuel  Child 
justify  its  sub-title  of  "A  Christmas  Story  for  Young 
Folks  and  Old  Children."  The  pictures,  unfortunately, 
detract  from  the  illusion  of  the  narrative. — "Little 
Miss  Conceit"  (Bradley)  is  by  Miss  Elinor  D.  Adams. 
It  is  the  useful  account  of  a  spoiled  child's  becoming 


436 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


for  on 


unspoiled. —  Pictures  by  Miss  Bess  Goe  enhance  the 
charm  of  a  rather  mature  book  for  girls,  Miss  Amy  E. 
Blanchard's  "  Miss  Vanity  "  (Lippincott).  The  story 
is  a  sweet  and  wholesome  one. — "  Two  Wyoming  Girls  " 
(Penn  Publishing  Co.),  by  Mrs.  Carrie  L.  Marshall, 
tells  of  life  in  the  far  West  under  discouragements  and 
trials  which  are  made  right  at  last  by  womanly  stead- 
fastness and  courage — "  My  Lady  Barefoot "  (Penn 
Publishing  Co.),  by  Mrs.  Evelyn  Raymond,  recounting 
the  hardships  and  final  success  of  a  little  backwoods 
woman,  is  really  new  in  its  scenery  and  episodes. — Miss 
Annie  M.  Barnes  has  a  Georgia  background  for  her 
"Ferry  Maid  of  the  Chattahoochee "  (Penn  Publishing 
Co.),  in  which  a  little  girl  succeeds  in  supporting  a  fam- 
ily by  dint  of  great  cheerfulness  and  much  hard  work. 
— A  combination  of  history  and  religion  is  "A  Maid  of 
the  First  Century"  (Penn  Publishing  Co.),  by  Mrs. 
Lucy  Foster  Madison,  following  as  it  does  a  little  mai- 
den from  Palestine  to  Rome,  and  her  speedy  conversion 
to  the  new  faith. 

Books,  whether  their  charm  lies  in  their 
text,  their  pictures,  or  both,  seem  to  be- 
come epicene  when  told  for  the  very  young. 
It  is  this  which  gives  most  of  them  a  little-boy-and-girl 
interest,  rather  than  one  peculiar  to  either  sex  taken 
singly.  "  Told  Under  the  Cherry  Trees  "  (Lee  &  Shep- 
ard),  gives  Miss  Grace  Le  Baron  an  opportunity  to 
bring  two  orphans,  Willie  and  Miriam,  together.  Then 
Willie  goes  off  and  grows  up  and  gets  rich  in  the  most 
conventional  manner. — Its  scene  laid  in  the  vicarage  of 
a  small  English  village,  "  Rob  and  Kit "  (Little,  Brown, 
&  Co.),  by  the  author  of  "  Miss  Toosey's  Mission,"  is 
a  placid  little  tale,  ending  in  a  break-up  and  the  coming 
of  Rob  to  America. —  Mr.  James  Otis,  who  is  as  versa- 
tile as  he  is  industrious,  makes  a  very  good  story,  in 
which  old  acquaintances  appear,  of  "  Christmas  at 
Deacon  Hackett's"  (Crowell).  It  is  bright  without 
being  forced —  "  King  Pippin  "  (Page)  is  a  good  little 
boy  who  is  still  not  too  good  for  his  health.  It  is  the 
last  addition,  by  Mrs.  Gerard  Ford,  to  the  "  Gift  Book  " 
series. —  Not  a  little  people's  book,  though  there  are 
little  people  in  it,  is  "  The  Wild  Ruthvens  "  (Page),  by 
Mr.  Curtis  Yorke.  They  become  tamer  in  the  course 
of  the  narrative. —  In  the  "  Cosy  Corner  "  series  (Page), 
there  are  three  volumes,  one,  "  Two  Little  Knights  of 
Kentucky,"  by  Miss  Annie  Fellows  Johnson,  with  a  large 
bear  in  it;  another,  "Little  King  Da  vie,"  is  by  Miss 
Nellie  Hellis,  with  a  boy  in  a  hospital  who  is  almost  too 
self-denying;  while  the  third  is  "  A  Little  Daughter  of. 
Liberty,"  by  Miss  Edith  Robinson,  in  which  the  heroine 
is  a  little  Revolutionary  girl  whose  descendants,  let  us 
hope,  are  as  zealous  for  freedom  in  America  as  she 
was — "  A  Pair  of  Pickles  "  (Bradley)  tells  of  two  Eng- 
lish children,  one  of  them  a  Sir  Lionel,  and  is  written 
by  Mrs.  Evelyn  Everett-Green. 

Stories  of  animals  are  numerous  enough  to 
form  a  category  by  themselves,  and  Mr. 
Andrew  Lang's  "Red  Book  of  Animal 
Stories"  (Longmans)  surely  heads  the  list  with  its  more 
or  less  mystical  references  to  "  The  Wuss,  the  Azorkon, 
and  the  Pod."  It  is  a  collection  of  unusual  creatures, 
and  in  its  inventor's  happiest  manner. — "  Father  Goose, 
His  Book "  (George  M.  Hill  Co.)  has  its  pages  filled 
with  animals  and  children  by  Mr.  William  Wallace 
Denslow,  Mr.  L.  Frank  Baum  furnishing  the  merry 
jingles  which  accompany  them.  The  book  makes  a  field 
for  itself,  being  quite  of  its  own  kind  and  immensely 
entertaining — « A  Child's  Primer  of  Natural  History  " 


Indium  and 
golliwoggi. 


(Soribner)  has  its  comical  drawings  and  equally  comical 
verses  from  the  same  hand,  that  of  Mr.  Oliver  Herford. 
It  is  the  sort  of  book  grown-up  people  buy  to  give  their 
children  so  they  can  read  it  themselves. —  Out  of  the 
ordinary  sort  is  "  The  Adventures  of  a  Siberian  Cub  " 
(Page),  translated  from  the  Russian  by  M.  Le*on  Golsch- 
111:11111,  and  plentifully  supplied  with  pictures  by  Miss 
Winifred  Austin.  It  is  a  pleasant  account  of  a  little 

bear  who   attains    his   maturity    in    captivity Miss 

Etheldred  B.  Barry's  pitiful  story,  «  Little  Tong's  Mis- 
sion" (Dana  Estes),  is  as  pathetic  as  a  little  crippled 
boy  can  make  it.  Tong  is  the  boy,  but  Jeff,  his  dog,  is 
almost  as  important  in  the  story,  and  adds  greatly  to  its 
value. —  The  escape  from  zoological  gardens  of  a  parrot, 
and  the  results,  make  "  Madam  Mary  of  the  Zoo " 
(Little,  Brown,  &  Co.)  one  of  Mrs.  Lily  F.  Wesselhoeft's 
most  successful  books  for  children.  It  is  humorous, 
instructive,  and  interesting — "  Bruno"  (Little,  Brown, 
&  Co.)  is  Mr.  Byrd  Spillman  Dewey's  narrative  of  a 
fine  hunting  dog,  and  a  most  excellent  book  for  boys 
with  pets  or  without  them. 

The  American  Indian  comes  in  for  sym- 
pathetic treatment  in  children's  books, 
if  nowhere  else.  "Indian  Child  Life" 
(Stokes),  with  many  entertaining  and  truthful  pictures 
in  both  color  and  black-and-white  by  Mr.  Edwin  Willard 
Doming,  the  reading  matter  by  Mrs.  Therese  O.  Deming, 
is  an  excellent  example  of  this. —  "  Docas,  the  Indian 
Boy  of  Santa  Clara  "  (Heath),  by  Mrs.  Genevra  Sisson 
Snedden,  is  another,  being  accompanied  by  more  than 
a  score  of  full-page  pictures. —  Of  another  sort,  since 
the  Indians  are  used  in  caricature  as  illustrations  for  a 
parody  of  "  Hiawatha,"  is  "Our  Indians,  a  Midnight 
Visit  to  the  Great  Somewhere-or-Other "  (Dutton), 
sketches  and  hand-lettering  being  done  by  Mr.  L.  D. 
Bradley. — Other  books  filled  with  pictures  for  small 
children  and  their  kinsfolk  are  not  so  numerous  as  in 
former  years.  "  Outside  of  Things,  A  Sky  Book " 
(Dutton)  has  some  astronomical  verses  done  by  Miss 
Alice  Ward  Bailey,  with  more  or  less  appropriate  illus- 
trations by  Miss  Annita  Lyman  Paine. —  "  The  Golli- 
wogg  in  War"  (Longmans)  is  another  of  the  books  by 
the  Misses  Upton,  funny  enough  for  very  small  chil- 
dren, and  indicating  that  the  martial  spirit  has  fairly 
invaded  the  kindergarten. —  Of  the  same  sort  is  "Gal- 
lant Little  Patriots  "  (Stokes),  with  text  by  Miss  Mabel 
Humphrey  and  pictures  by  Miss  Maud  Humphrey.  It 
shows  various  babes  in  soldier  and  sailor  uniform, 
potential  enlargers  of  the  empire  we  older  ones  shall 
leave  them — Two  quaint  translations  from  the  Ger- 
man of  Wilhelm  Busch  have  been  made  by  Mr.  Charles 
T.  Brooks,  "  Plish  and  Plum  "  and  "  Max  and  Maurice  " 
(Little,  Brown,  &  Co.).  The  pictures  are  as  old-fash- 
ioned and  Teutonic  as  possible,  and  the  heroes  of  the 
two  stories  very  mischievous  indeed. 

Of  fairy  tales  there  is  no  lack.  Mr. 
Charles  J.  Bellamy  tells  six  delightful 
ones  in  his  "  Return  of  the  Fairies  "  (Little 
Folks  Publishing  Co.),  and  they  have  the  real  feeling 
of  wonder  and  simplicity. —  "  Nannie's  Happy  Child- 
hood "  (Houghton),  by  Mrs.  Caroline  Leslie  Field,  is 
an  every-day  story,  with  fairies  coming  in  by  way  of 
variety,  to  show  how  natural  it  all  is  after  one  under- 
stands it.  With  these  are  to  be  classed  two  re-publica- 
tions, "  Old-Fashioned  Fairy  Tales  "  and  "  Old  French 
Fairy  Tales"  (Little,  Brown,  &  Co.),  both  being  selec- 
tions from  the  tales  of  Charles  Perrault,  Madame 
D'Anlnoy,  aud  many  more.  They  are  plentifully  illus- 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


437 


trated. —  A  new  "  Mother  Goose  "  (Lippincott)  has  the 
advantage  of  being  interpreted  by  the  pencil  of  Mr. 
F.  Opper,  who  puts  a  new  and  most  oddly  modern 
aspect  on  the  old  rhymes.  The  book  is  as  funny  as  a 
book  can  be,  for  the  pictures  exceed  two  hundred  and 

fifty  in  number A  new  edition  of  the  late  William 

Brighty  Rand's  "  Lilliput  Lyrics  "  (John  Lane)  owes 
its  undoubted  fun  to  the  spirited  and  delicious  sketches 
of  Mr.  Charles  Robinson,  quite  as  much  as  to  the 
classical  verses  they  interpret "  Alice  in  Wonder- 
land "  loses  in  one  direction  and  gains  in  another  with 
the  substitution  of  pictures  by  Blanche  McManus  (Mrs. 
M.  F.  Mansfield)  for  those  of  Sir  John  Tenniel.  But 
Messrs.  Mansfield  &  Wessels  have  given  it  a  presenta- 
tion quite  worthy  of  its  merits  in  every  respect. — 
Equally  munificent  is  a  new  edition  of  Hans  Christian 
Andersen's  "  Fairy  Tales "  (Truslove,  Hanson  & 
Comba),  for  which  Dr.  E.  E.  Hale  has  written  an  intro- 
duction and  Miss  Helen  Stratton  drawn  more  than  four 
hundred  pictures. —  To  these  must  be  added  luxurious 
editions  of  Charles  and  Mary  Lamb's  "  Mrs.  Leisces- 
ter's  School "  (Dent),  with  pictures  in  color  by  Miss 
Winifred  Green,  and  their  "  Tales  from  Shakespeare  " 
(Truslove),  with  an  introduction  by  Mr.  Andrew  Lang 
and  numerous  pictures  by  Mr.  Robert  Bell. —  And 
there  is  a  new  edition  called  "  A  Hundred  Fables  of 
JEsop  "  (John  Lane),  for  which  Mr.  Kenneth  Grahame 
has  prepared  a  charming  prefatory  statement,  the  illus- 
trations being  by  Mr.  Percy  J.  Billinghurst.  This  follows 
the  perfect  English  of  Sir  Roger  L'Estrange. — The 
"  Tales  of  Languedoc  "  (Macmillan),  from  the  French 
of  Samuel  Jacques  Brun,  is  done  by  Mrs.  Harriet  W. 
Preston,  and  is  all  that  can  be  desired  in  its  account, 
fully  illustrated,  of  romance  and  history  in  that  land  of 
song  and  story. — "  The  Prince's  Story  Book  "  (Long- 
mans) is  a  companion  to  the  "  Queen's  Story  Book  "  of 
Isat  year,  and,  like  it,  is  edited  by  Mr.  George  Laurence 
Gomme.  It  deals  with  selections,  taken  from  many 
sources  old  and  new,  all  of  which  carry  on  the  account 
of  English  kings. — "  The  Talking  Thrush  and  Other 
Tales  from  India"  (Dutton)  is  an  excellent  collection 
of  fairy  and  folk  stories  from  Hindustan,  made  by  Mr. 
W.  Crooke,  re-told  by  Mr.  W.  H.  D.  Rouse,  and  beau- 
tifully illustrated  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Robinson.  The  tales 
are  familiar  in  Europeanized  forms. — Of  the  same  sort 
is  "  Fairy  Tales  from  Far  Japan  "  (Revell),  translated 
by  Miss  Susan  Ballard,  with  an  introduction  by  Mrs. 
Isabella  L.  Bishop,  the  illustrations  being  from  the 
hands  of  native  artists.  The  stories  are  fascinating. — 
"Tales  of  an  Old  Chateau"  (McClurg)  is  an  agglom- 
eration of  French  folk-lore  stories,  gathered  by  Miss 
Margaret  Bouvet,  the  different  bits  being  pleasantly 
told. — Following  stories  of  the  Iliad  and  Odyssey  comes 
"The  Story  of  the  ^Eneid  "  (Penn  Publishing  Co.),  by 
Dr.  Edward  Brooks.  Virgil's  charm  is,  of  course,  un- 
translatable, but  the  effect  here  is  seemly,  as  a  whole. 

Anthologies,  Deserving  mention  of  a  particular  kind  is 
new  editions,  "  The  Listening  Child  "  (Macmillan),  an 
and  annuals.  anthology  of  verse,  narrative  and  descrip- 
tive, and  all  the  rest,  done  by  Mrs.  Lucy  W.  Thacher, 
with  a  prefatory  note  by  Colonel  T.  W.  Higginson. 
Nothing  we  know  in  English  is  more  likely  to  give  a 
child  of  impressionable  age  a  downright  love  for  the 
highest  form  of  literary  expression  than  the  contents  of 
this  admirable  volume,  whether  he  listens  to  another's 
reading  or  reads  it  for  himself. — There  remain  to  be 
noted  new  editions  of  "  Robinson  Crusoe  "  and  "  Swiss 
Family  Robinson"  (Crowell);  the  always  welcome 


"Chatterbox"  (Dana  Estes);  the  orthodox  "Sunday 
Reading  for  the  Young"  (E.  &  J.  B.  Young);  and 
the  admirable  "  St.  Nicholas  Christmas  Book  "  (Cent- 
ury), with  its  wealth  of  pictures,  and  contributions  by 
scores  of  the  best  known  writers  for  children. 


jLlTERARY  NOTES. 


Messrs.  Ginn  &  Co.  publish  a  revised  edition  of  G.  A. 
Wentworth's  "  Solid  Geometry." 

A  "  New  Higher  Algebra,"  by  Mr.  Webster  Wells, 
is  published  by  Messrs.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co. 

Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  publish  a  neat  two- vol- 
ume reissue  of  the  "  Poetical  Works  "  of  Dante  Gabriel 
Rossetti. 

"  Csesar  and  Pompey  in  Greece,"  being  selections  from 
Book  III.  of  the  «  Civil  War,"  edited  by  Mr.  E.  H.  Ath- 
erton,  is  published  by  Messrs  Ginn  &  Co. 

The  last  five  books  of  the  "Iliad,"  edited  by  Profes- 
sor Edward  B.  Clapp,  is  published  by  Messrs.  Ginn  & 
Co.  in  their  "  College  Series  of  Greek  Authors." 

"  The  Dawn  of  a  New  Era,  and  Other  Essays,"  by 
Dr.  Paul  Carus,  is  the  latest  issue  in  "  The  Religion  of 
Science  Library,"  issued  by  the  Open  Court  Company. 

Mr.  Samuel  Dill's  "  Roman  Society  in  the  Last  Cen- 
tury of  the  Western  Empire  "  (Macmillan),  reviewed  by 
us  only  a  few  months  ago,  has  already  gone  into  a  sec- 
ond and  revised  edition,  which  is  published  at  a  reduced 
price. 

Mr.  Francis  P.  Harper  is  the  American  publisher  of 
the  sixth  edition  of  "  Old  English  Plate,"  by  Mr.  Wil- 
fred Joseph  Cripps.  This  work  has  for  twenty  years 
been  a  standard  authority  upon  its  subject,  and  in  its 
present  revision  becomes  more  useful  than  ever.  It 
contains  over  2,600  facsimiles  of  plate  marks  and  123 
illustrations  of  ancient  pieces. 

Professor  G.  R.  Carpenter's  "  Elements  of  Rhetoric 
and  English  Composition  "  (Macmillan)  is  the  revision 
and  expansion  of  an  earlier  work  having  substantially 
the  same  title,  and  now  withdrawn  from  circulation. 
It  bears  the  impress  of  the  latest  educational  thought 
relating  to  the  beginnings  of  secondary  school  work,  and 
deserves  warm  commendation. 

Mr.  Charles  Annesley's  "  The  Standard  Operaglass  " 
(Brentano's)  contains  brief  synopses  of  the  plots  of  no 
less  than  one  hundred  and  twenty-three  operas,  which 
is  many  more  than  the  average  opera- goer,  however  as- 
siduous, gets  a  chance  to  hear  in  a  whole  lifetime.  The 
present  is  the  fifteenth  edition  of  this  popular  work,  to 
which  Mr.  James  Huneker  contributes  an  entertaining 
introduction. 

The  1898  volume  of  the  American  Art  Annual  hav- 
ing been  published  late  in  the  season,  it  has  been  found 
advisable  to  issue  only  a  pamphlet  supplement,  which 
will  be  published  at  once  (Macmillan).  This  will  con- 
tain a  diary  with  dates  of  the  principal  exhibitions,  meet- 
ings of  art  societies,  etc.,  for  the  season  of  1899-1900, 
a  list  of  important  sales  of  the  season  of  1898-1899, 
and  other  matter. 

"  A  First  Manual  of  Composition  "  (Macmillan),  by 
Dr.  E.  H.  Lewis,  is  a  text-book  prepared  for  that  edu- 
cational limbo  which  includes  the  upper  grammar  and 
lower  high  school  grades.  This  work  serves  as  an  in- 
troduction to  the  "  First  Book  in  Writing  English  "  of  the 
same  author,  and  also  to  certain  "  manuals  "  upon  which 
he  is  now  engaged.  The  book  is  thoroughly  practical, 


438 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  1, 


and  contrives  to  be  interesting  to  young  students,  which 
is  an  object  not  often  attained  in  texts  of  this  descrip- 
tion. 

The  recent  vicissitudes  in  the  affairs  of  Messrs. 
Harper  &  Brothers  of  New  York,  which  have  caused 
general  concern  among  the  friends  of  that  old  and  hon- 
orable house,  have  culminated  in  the  formal  transfer  of 
the  business  to  a  trustee,  under  the  conditions  of  a 
mortgage  for  a  large  sum  held  by  Messrs.  J.  Pierpont 
Morgan  &  Co.,  bankers.  The  trustee  has  appointed  as 
agent  Mr.  G.  B.  M.  Harvey,  proprietor  of  the  "  North 
American  Review,"  who  has  thus  become  the  legal  and 
actual  manager  of  the  Harper  establishment.  It  is 
stated  that  this  step  was  taken  by  mutual  agreement, 
and  with  the  full  approval  of  the  Messrs.  Harper,  as 
being  the  best  method  of  effecting  a  permanent  readjust- 
ment of  their  affairs.  Although  the  amount  of  their 
indebtedness  is  given  as  over  five  millions  of  dollars, 
the  assets  are  believed  to  materially  exceed  that  sum, 
and  with  the  fresh  assistance,  financial  and  administra- 
tive, which  the  house  will  receive,  there  will  be  no  im- 
pairment of  its  credit  or  efficiency.  The  periodicals  of 
the  house  will  be  continued,  with  the  exception  of  "  The 
Round  Table  "  and  "  Literature,"  which  will,  it  is  said, 
be  discontinued;  and  the  general  book  publishing  busi- 
ness will  go  on  as  before.  The  house  of  Harper  & 
Brothers  was  founded  nearly  a  century  ago,  and  has 
from  the  first  occupied  a  commanding  and  honorable 
position  in  the  American  publishing  trade;  and  it  is 
greatly  to  be  hoped  that  the  present  readjustment  will 
mark  the  beginning  of  a  new  period  of  prosperity  and 
usefulness. 


TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS. 

December,  1899. 

Africa:  Present  and  Future.    O.P.Austin.     Forum. 
Africa,  South,  Briton  and  Boer  in.  Alley ne  Ireland.  Atlantic. 
Agricultural  Education  in  Foreign  Countries.    Pop.  Science. 
Antarctic.  American  Seamen  in  the.    A.  W.  Vorse.    Scribnrr. 
Antarctic  Exploration,  Possibilities  of.   F.  A.  Cook.  Scribner. 
Art,  Value  of  the  Study  of.   G.  Parrot.   Popular  Science. 
Australia,  The  Commonwealth  of.    H.  H.  Lusk.    Forum. 
Chicago,  Artistic  Side  of.    Elia  W.  Peattie.     Atlantic. 
China's  Secret  Mission  to  Japan.  W.N.Brewster.  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Chinon.     Ernest  C.  Peixotto.     Scribner. 
Colorado,  Grand  Cafion  of  the.    Harriet  Monroe.    Atlantic. 
Daudet  and  his  Intimates.    Jean  Reffaelli.    Lippincott. 
Democracy  of  Studies,  Is  There  a  ?    A.  F.  West.    Atlantic. 
Electricity  from  Thales  to  Faraday.     Popular  Science. 
Fiction,  Fundamentals  of.     Richard  Burton.     Forum. 
French  Open-Mindedness.    Alvan  F.  Sanborn.     Atlantic. 
Grand  Opera.  Season's  Promise  of.     Review  of  Review*. 
Greek  in  High  Schools.     W.  F.  Webster.    Forum. 
Henry,  Guy  V.    Review  of  Reviews. 
London,  East,  A  Girl  of.    Walter  Besant.     Century. 
Malay  Folklore.     R.  Clyde  Ford.     Popular  Science. 
Ministry,  Modern  Decline  of  the.     Alfred  Brown.     Atlantic. 
Minnesota  Pine  Forests,  A  National  Park  in.  Rev.  of  Reviews. 
Monetary  Reform  Progress.    C.  S.  Hamlin.     Rev.  of  Rev*. 
Municipal  Government,  Responsibility  in.J.H.Hyslop. Forum. 
Neminist,  Education  of  the.    D.  S.  Jordan.    Pop.  Science. 
Newspaper,  American,  Development.  W.L.Hawley.  1'op.Sci. 
New  Zealand  Newest  England.    H.  D.  Lloyd.    Atlantic. 
Old  Ladies,  In  Praise  of.     Lucy  M.  Donnelly.     Atlantic. 
Oyster  Culture,  Eastern,  in  Oregon.  F.  L.Washburn.  Pop.Sci. 
Penn,  William,  Return  of.     William  Perrine.     Lippincott. 
Philistine  View.  A.    T.  R.  Lounsbnry.     Atlantic. 
Platonic  Friendship.     Norman  Hapgood.     Atlantic. 
Poe's  Place  in  Am.  Literature.   H.  W.  Mabie.    Atlantic. 
Provensal  Christmas  Postscript,  A.  T.  A.  Janvier.   Century. 


Puerto  Kir. i,  Status  of.     H.G.Curtis.    Forum. 

Puerto  Rico  under  Military  Rule.  H.K.Carroll.  Rev.  of  Rev*. 

Reform  by  Humane  Touch.    J.  A.  Riis.     Atlantic. 

School  City,  The.     Albert  Shaw.     Rev.  of  Review*. 

Seeing  Things,  Art  of.    John  Burroughs.     Century. 

Selons,  Frederick  C.    Popular  Science. 

"  Seven  Seas  "  and  the  Rnbaiyat.    P.  E.  More.    Atlanta. 

Sociology,  Exact  Methods  in.     F.  H.  Giddings.     Pop.  Set. 

South,  Recent  Developments  in.     Leonora  Ellis.    Forum. 

Standard  Time,  How  Obtained.    T.  B.  Willson.    Pop.  Sci. 

Star  of  Bethlehem,  The  Real.    Julia  Wright.    Lippincott. 

Transvaal  Question,  British  View  of.  J.  C.  Hopkins.  Forum. 

Trust  Problem,  The.    E.  W.  Bemis.    Forum. 

U.  S.  and  Germany,  Commercial  Relations  of.     Forum. 

Vinland  and  its  Ruins.  Cornelia  Horsford.  Popular  Science. 

Wagner  in  America.    Gustav  Kobbe.     Review  of  Review*. 

Washington's  Death  and  the  Doctors.     Lippincott. 

Wesley,  John.    Augustine  Birrell.     Scrtbnrr. 

Wingless  Birds.     Phillippe  Glangeand.     Popular  Science. 

Zangwill's  New  Play.    A.  Cahan.    Forum. 

Zionism.    Richard  Gottheil.     Century. 


L.IST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

[The  following  lift,  containing  142  title*,  i*  made  up  of 
Holiday  and  Juvenile  publication*  only,  and  include*  all  book* 
in  these  department*  received  by  THE  DIAL  to  the  present  date 
not  previously  acknowledged.] 

HOLIDAY  GIFT  BOOKS. 

Rubens  :  His  Life,  his  Work,  and  his  Time.  By  Emile 
Michel ;  trans,  by  Elizabeth  Lee.  In  2  vols.,  illus.  in  col- 
ors, photogravure,  etc.,  4to,  uncut.  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons.  $15.  net. 

Homes  and  Haunts  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers.  By  Alexan- 
der Mackennal,  D.D.;  illns.  by  Charles  Whymoer.  With 
frontispiece  in  colors,  I  to,  gilt  top,  pp.  200.  J.  B.  Lippin- 
cott Co.  810.  net. 

Famous  Homes  of  Great  Britain  and  Their  Stories.  Ed- 
ited by  A.  H.  Malan.  Illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.  4to, 
gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  450.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $7.50. 

Montcalm  and  Wolfe.  By  Francis  Parkman;  illus.  in  photo- 
gravure by  Howard  Pyleand  from  historical  portraits,  etc. 
In  2  vols.,  8vo,  gilt  tops,  uncut.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  $6. 

The  Education  of  Mr.  Plpp.  By  Charles  Dana  Gibson. 
Oblong  folio.  R.  H.  Russell.  $5. 

Life  and  Character:  A  Collection  of  50  Drawings  by  W.  T. 
Smedley;  with  accompanying  text  by  A.  V.  S.  Anthony. 
Oblong  4to,  pp.  IK!.  Harper  &  Brothers.  $6. 

British  Contemporary  Artists.  By  Cosmo  Monkhouae. 
Illus.,  4to  gilt  top,  uncut.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $6. 

England:  A  Book  of  Drawings.  Oblong  folio.  R.  H. 
Russell.  $5. 

The  Art  Life  of  W.  M.  Hunt.    By  Helen  M.  Knov. 
Illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  12mo,  uncut.    Little,  Brown, 
A  Co.    $3. 

Rambles  and  Studies  In  Greece.  By  J.  P.  Mahaffy.  Illus. 
in  photogravure,  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  535.  Henry  T.  Coates 
&Co.  $3. 

The  Essays  of  Ella.  By  Charles  Lamb  ;  with  Introduction 
by  Augustine  Birrell ;  illus.  by  Charles  E.  Brock.  In 
2  vols.,  16mo,  gilt  edges.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $3. 

The  Unchanging:  East.  By  Robert  Barr.  In  2  vols.,  illua. 
in  photogravure,  etc.,  16mo,  gilt  tops,  uncut.  L.  C.  Page 
&Co.  $3. 

More  Colonial  Homesteads  and  Their  Stories.  By 
Marion  Harland.  Illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  8vo,  gilt 
top,  uncut,  pp.  449.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $3. 

Colorado  In  Color  and  Song:  Color  Reproductions  from 
Photographs.  With  Verses  by  J.  W.  \VriKl>t.  Frank  H. 
Mayer,  J.  D.  Dillenback,  and  others.  Large  oblong  KTO, 
gilt  edges.  Denver :  Frank  S.  Thayer.  $2.50. 

Among  English  Hedgerows,  Written  and  illus.  by  Clifton 
Johnson  ;  with  Introduction  by  Hamilton  W.  Mabie.  8vo, 
gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  347.  Macniillan  Co.  $2.25. 

The  Colloquies  of  Edward  Osborne,  Cit!t«n  and  Cloth- 
worker  of  London.  By  the  author  of  "  Mary  Powell  "  ; 
illus.  by  John  Jelliooe.  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  380. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $2. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


439 


Child  Life  in  Colonial  Days.  By  Alice  Morse  Earle.   Illus., 

8vo.     Macmillan  Co.     $2.50. 
Great  Pictures  Described  by  Great  Writers.    Edited 

and  translated  by  Esther  Singleton.     Illus.,  8vo,  gilt  top, 

pp.  317.    Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.     $2. 
The  Square  Book  of  Animals:    Drawings  in  colors  by 

William  Nicholson.     Rhymes  by  Arthur  Waugh.     Large 

4to.    R.  H.  Russell.    $1.50. 
The  Romance  of  our  Ancient  Churches.      By  Sarah 

Wilson,     illus.,   12mo,   gilt  top,   uncut,  pp.  184.    E.  P. 

Button  &  Co.    $2. 
For  Thee  Alone :  Poems  of  Love.   Selected  by  Grace  Harts- 

horne.    Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  294.   DanaEstes 

&  Co.    $1.50. 
Cupid  and  the  Footlights.    By  James  L.  Ford  ;  illus.  by 

Archie  Gunn.     Large  4to.    F.  A.  Stokes  Co.    $1.50. 
The  Golf  Girl.    Pictures  in   colors  by  Maud  Humphrey  ; 

verses  by  Samuel  Minturn  Peck.   4to,  pp.  15.  F.  A.  Stokes 

Co.    $1.25. 
Kemble's  Sketch  Book:    Drawings  by  E.  W.  Kemble. 

Large  oblong  8vo,  uncut.    R.  H.  Russell.    $1.25. 
Pictures  and  Rhymes.    By  Peter  Newell.    Oblong  8vo. 

Harper  &  Brothers.     $1.25. 
Little  Journeys  to  the  Homes  of  Eminent  Painters. 

By  Elbert  Hubbard.  Illus.,  16mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  497. 

G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.    $1.75. 
Revolutionary  Calendar :  Twelve  Reproductions  in  Colors 

of  Drawings  by  Ernest  C.  Peixotto.    4to.    R.  H.  Russell. 

$1.50. 

Zodiac  Calendar:  Twelve  Reproductions  in  Colors  of  Draw- 
ings by  Chester  Loomis.    4to.    R.  H.  Russell.    $1.25. 
Animal  Jokes :    Drawings  by  M.  Baker-Baker.    Jokes  by 

A.  Crawford.     Oblong  4to.     R.  H.  Russell.     $1.25. 
The  Kings'  Lyrics :     Lyrical  Poems  of  the  Reigns  of  King 

James  I.  and  King  Charles  I.     Selected  and  arranged  by 

FitzRoy  Carrington.  With  portraits,  18mo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 

pp.  128.    R.  H.  Russell.    75  cts. 

BOOKS  FOR   THE    YOUNG. 
BOOKS  FOE  BOYS. 

The  Young  Master  of  Hyson  Hall.  By  Frank  R.  Stock- 
ton. Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  287.  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  $1.50. 

Stories  from  Froissart.  By  Henry  Newbolt.  Illus.,  12mo, 
pp.  368.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50. 

The  Voyage  of  the  "  Avenger "  in  the  Days  of  Dashing 
Drake.  By  Henry  St.  John.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  367.  L.C. 
Page  &  Co.  $1.50. 

The  Court  of  Boy  ville.  By  William  Allen  White.  Illus., 
12mo,  uncut,  pp.  358.  Donbleday  &  McClure  Co.  $1.50. 

Boy  Life  on  the  Prairie.  By  Hamlin  Garland.  Illus., 
12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  423.  Macmllan  Co.  $1.50. 

Helps  for  Ambitious  Boys.  By  William  Drysdale.  With 
portraits,  12mo,  pp.  439.  T.  Y.  Crowell  &  Co.  $1.50. 

Ben  Comee:  A  Tale  of  Rogers's  Rangers,  1758-59.  By  M. 
J.  Canavan.  Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  263.  Macmillan 
Co.  $1.50. 

With  Perry  on  Lake  Erie:  A  Tale  of  1812.  By  James 
Otis.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  307.  W.  A.  Wilde  Co.  $1.50. 

On  Fighting  Decks  in  1812.  By  F.  H.  Costello.  Illus., 
12mo,  pp.  385.  Dana  Estes  &  Co.  $1.50. 

The  Brahmins'  Treasure ;  or,  Colonel  Thorndyke's  Secret. 
By  George  A.  Henty.  Illus.,  I2mo,  pp.  366.  J.  B.  Lip- 
pincott Co.  $1.50. 

The  Lively  Adventures  of  Gavin  Hamilton.  By  Molly 
Elliott  Seawell.  lllns.,  12mo,  pp.  311.  Harper  &  Brothers. 
$1.50. 

In  Blue  and  White :  The  Adventures  and  Misadventures  of 
Humphrey  Vandyne,  Trooper  in  Washington's  Life- 
Guard.  By  Elbridge  S.  Brooks.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  348. 
Lothrop  Publishing  Co.  $1.50. 

The  Adventures  of  a  Freshman.  By  Jesse  Lynch  Will- 
iams. Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  201.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $1.25. 

Fife  and  Drum  at  Louisbourg.  By  J.  Macdonald  Oxley. 
Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  307.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  $1.50. 

Tom  Graham,  V.C.:  A  Tale  of  the  Afghan  War.  By 
William  Johnston.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  360.  Thomas  Nelson 
&  Sons.  $1.25. 

The  Young  Gold  Seekers  of  the  Klondike.  By  Edward 
S.  Ellis,  A.M.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  311.  Penn  Publishing  Co. 
$1.25. 

Shine  Terrlll:  A  Sea  Island  Ranger.  By  Kirk  Munroe. 
Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  317.  Lothrop  Publishing  Co.  $1.25. 


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440 


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Beer's  English  Romanticism  —  XVIII.  Century.  455 pace*.  i2mo.  $2.00. 

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KRAUSSE'S  RUSSIA  IN  ASIA. 

155H-1899.     With  maps,  411  pp.,  8ro,  $4.00. 
ffew  York  Time*  Saturday  Review:  "  One  of  the  most  interesting 
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DANIELS'  ELEMENTS  OF  FINANCE. 

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picturesque.  .  .  .  Not  only  Interesting  but  often  entertaining.  ...  A 
UsUsjet  contribution  to  economic  literature." 

LUCAS'S  VERSES  FOR  CHILDREN. 

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and  well  arranged." 


Fifth  Impreetion  of  a  Remarkable  Book. 

JAMES'S  TALKS  TO  TEACHERS  ON  PSYCHOL- 
OGY  and  to  Students   on   Some  of   Life's 

Ideals.      I'.'ruo,  *l.»l  nrt. 

This  scholarly  book  has  been  read  with  pleasure  by  many  who  read' 
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THE  WORLDLY  WISDOM  OF 
CHESTERFIELD. 

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MUSEUM  OF  ART. 

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KATOOTICUT. 

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appropriate  fanciful  drawings,  by  3.  M.  Conde.    Boards,  71*  x  9>4 

AN  ANIMAL  CALENDAR. 

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ing traatmeat.    Printed  on  heavy  paper.    12x14  Inches    .    $LfiO 

A  "U^~:?%£2£^         R-  H-  RUSSELL,  3  W.  29th  St.,  New  York^ 

1899.] 


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1899.] 


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445 


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By  CHARLES  M.  TAYLOR.  Jr.,  author  of  "  Vacation  Days  in  Hawaii  and  Japan."    With  48  full-page  illustrations,  principally 

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FOR  THE  YOUNG    PEOPLE. 


Remember  the  Maine. 

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design.  Large  12mo,  cloth,  $1.00. 


GEORGE  W.  JACOBS   &   CO.,  PUBLISHERS,  PHILADELPHIA. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


459 


The  Best  Books  for  Secondary  Schools. 

HARKNESS'S  Complete  Latin  Grammar  $1.25 
Short  Latin  Grammar     .       .80 
SMILEY  &  STORKE'S  Beginner's  Latin 
Book                                                          1  00 

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HARPER  &  GALLUP'S  Cicero's  Orations 
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SELECT  NOTES. 

By  Rev.  F.  N.  PELOUBET.     A  Commentary  on  the 

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460 


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1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


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EXPERIMENTAL. 

For  the  purpose  of  showing  what  effect  prices  have  on  sales,  we  are  putting  on  the 

market  an  edition  of 

Von  Hoist's  Constitutional  and  Political  History 

of  the  United  States 

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THE  History  has  been  written  with  a  broad  understand  ing  of  the  influences  that  contributed 
to  form  the  constitution,  and  have  governed  the  political  thought  and  growth  of  the  coun- 
try. Political  movements  are  traced  to  their  origins  with  great  care  and  acuteness,  and  no  fact 
is  relied  upon  until  it  is  fully  established.  An  impartial  and  generous  spirit  pervades  the  work. 
It  is  written  without  prejudice  or  foregone  conclusions.  This  principle  it  is  which  gives  the 
author  freedom,  and  the  fearlessness  that  has  provoked  in  some  quarters  resistance  to  some 
scathing  judgments,  together  with  replies  of  varying  character.  But  these  criticisms  and 
replies  have  but  aided  the  sure  growth  of  the  history  in  favor  with  the  scholar  and  the  public. 
The  day  has  gone  by  when  the  best  American  citizen  demands  limitless,  reasonless  praise  of 
his  institutions,  and  the  time  has  come  when  he  and  they  rely  on  and  invite  candid,  judicial, 
plain  statements,  neither  extenuating  nor  suppressing  the  truth.  The  time  has  come  for  such 
a  history  as  Dr.  von  Hoist's,  and  the  value  of  the  work  is  understood  and  keenly  appreciated 
by  all  who  have  met  it.  A  rare  association  of  qualities  has  enabled  Dr.  von  Hoist  to  investigate 
tirelessly,  judge  dispassionately  and  with  great  soberness  of  mind,  and  relate  the  story  of  our 
constitutional  and  political  career  with  a  clearness  and  vigor  that  separate  his  history  entirely 
from  the  usual  more  or  less  prejudiced  and  perhaps  dry  studies  of  constitutional  topics.  The 
enthusiasm  and  conviction  of  the  historian  at  once  captivate  the  reader,  and  few,  after  beginning 
the  history,  will  leave  it  without  completing  it. 

As  a  gallery  of  American  statesmen,  von  Hoist's  history  probably  has  no  equal.  Hamil- 
ton, Jefferson,  Adams,  Houston,  Troup,  Benton,  Van  Buren,  Harrison,  Brigham  Young,  Cal- 
houn,  Seward,  John  Brown,  Lincoln  —  to  specify  these  is  but  to  suggest  the  long  list  of  names 
that  in  this  history  are  men. 

The  first  volume  of  the  history  was,  in  a  sense,  eyed  askance  by  the  American  public,  who 
had  come  to  look  on  foreign  views  of  America  as  either  bald  praise  or  bald  abuse,  and  were 
unprepared  for  a  work  of  the  most  difficult  sort,  showing  painstaking  research  and  preparation, 
candor,  keenness,  comprehension  of  the  American  spirit  and,  above  all,  a  frankness  and  fair- 
ness of  treatment  that  made  the  history  its  own  standard,  and  set  the  standard  for  future 
studies,  complete  or  fragmentary,  of  United  States  history. 


•'A  masterpiece  as  to  depth,  clearness,  impartiality,  and  scope. 
In  these  passing  years,  when  teachers  and  writers  are  attempting  to 
kindle  new  flames  of  patriotism  in  old  and  young  hearts,  this  pro- 
duction is  timely  indeed." — DAVID  SWING. 

44  A  work  which  every  student  must  needs  possess  in  its  entirety." 

— NEW  YORK  EVENING  POST. 


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Criticism,  gbrussion,  attir  Information. 


EDITED  BY         >  tWiHM  XJTTZZ 

FRANCIS  F.  BROWNE.  J         No.  324. 


ic    -IQOO 

.  1O,  18y». 


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ments he  passes  on  Zola  (whom  he  can  barely  endure)  and  Paul  Bourget  (in  whom,  at  least 
in  as  far  as  the  '  Sensations  d'ltalie '  are  concerned,  he  delights),  all  this  throws  light,  as  the 
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not  the  author,  that  counts  in  these  pages.  The  author  is  insistent  enough  to  make  such 
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"  It  is  a  book  that  no  lover  of  Stevenson,  and  in  fact  no  lover  of  good  literature,  can 
afford  to  be  without." — New  York  Times. 


AMERICAN  LANDS  AND  LETTERS 

NEW  VOLUME.      LEATHER. STOCKING   TO   POE'S   RAVEN. 

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LETTERS  OF  SIDNEY  LANIER 

Selections  from  his  Correspondence,  1866-1881.     With  portraits.     12mo,  $2.00. 
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THE  STONES  OF  PARIS  IN   HISTORY  AND  LETTERS 

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CONTENTS: 

VOLUME  I.  YOUTHS  II. 

I.  TURKIC  TIME-WORK  STAIBCASKS.  VII.  THB  PABIS  or  HONOR&  DB  BALZAC. 

II.  THB  SCHOLARS'  QCARTBR  iv  THB  MIDDLE  AOES.  VIII.  THE  PARIS  or  VICTOR  Hooo. 

III.  THK  PARIS  or  MOLJKRK  AND  HIM  PKIKMDS.  i  v    -r.    .  i  - .  - 

IV.  FROM  VOLTAIRE  TO  BEAUMARCHAIS.  :  F>R19  OF  AL«A^««  »™»- 
V.  THE  PARIS  or  THE  REVOLUTION  X   £"  MAKING  or  THE  MARIAS. 

VI.  THE  SOUTHERN  BANK  nc  THB  19rH  CENTURY.  XI-  THE  WOMEK  or  TH«  MARAIS. 

M  O  attempt  is  made  in  this  book  to  resurrect  or  reconstruct  buried  Paris.  Only  those  remains  of  the  old 
'  city  which  still  stand,  concealed  and  unknown  often,  are  brought  before  the  reader;  and  as  he  sees  these 
he  learns  memories,  associations,  and  meaning.  So,  even  to  those  who  know  the  Paris  of  to-day,  there  is  shown 
the  wondrously  rich  old  Paris  which  is  yet  so  new  to  many  persons  —  the  Paris  of  Moliere  and  La  Fontaine, 
of  Corneille  and  Racine,  of  Balzac  and  Hugo. 

BRITISH   CONTEMPORARY  ARTISTS 

By  COSMO  MONKHOUSB.     With  illustrations.     Royal  8vo,  $5.00. 

IVAR.  COSMO  MONKHOUSE'S  book  consists  of  chapters  of  the  highest  critical  and  descriptive  value  on 
'"*  Burne-Jones,  Watts,  Alma-Tadema,  Millais,  Leighton,  Orchardson,  and  Poynter.  The  author  is  one  of 
the  best  known,  most  highly  esteemed,  and  best  equipped  of  English  art  critics. 

•«*  The  book  it  illustrated  with  a  perfection  and  care  really  unprecedented  in  any  similar  work,  Mr.  Monkhoust  having 
had  the  aid  and  final  approval,  in  the  choice  of  reproduction  of  subject*,  of  the  artist  himself  in  almost  every  case.  The 
illustrations  include  reproductions  of  the  most  celebrated  paintings  of  the  Hritish  artists  of  recent  years,  portraits,  studio 
interiors,  etc. 

PETER  PAUL  RUBENS 

His  Life  and  his  Work.     By  EMILE  MICHEL.     With  29  colored  plates,  40  photogravures,  and  over 

200  text  cuts.     2  vols.,  royal  8vo,  $15.00  net. 

A  N  elaborately  illustrated  biography  of  the  great  Flemish  painter.  Emile  Michel  is  well  known  as  the  author 
**  of  a  "  Life  of  Rembrandt"  which  has  taken  first  place  among  the  biographies  of  Rembrandt,  and  it  is  safe 
to  say  that  his  new  work,  containing,  as  it  does,  much  newly  discovered  material  relative  to  the  life  and  work 
of  Rubens,  will  become  the  authoritative  biography  of  that  artist.  The  illustrative  material  is  unusually  varied 
and  rich. 

THE  QRANDISSIMES 

By  GEORGE  W.  CABLE.    With  12  fall-page  illustrations  and  8  head-and-tail  pieces  by  Albert  Herter, 

reproduced  in  photogravure.     8vo,  $6.00. 

'THIS  charming  volume  of  Mr.  Cable's  is  published  in  uniform  style  with  the  edition  of  "  Old  Creole  Days," 
'    which  was  so  successful  two  years  ago,  and  is  illustrated  by  the  same  artist.     Mr.  Herter's  pictures  have 
rarely  been  equalled  in  their  delicacy  and  charm. 

THE   HIGHEST  ANDES 

By  EDWARD  A.  FITZGERALD,  F.R.G.S.    Including  the  Ascent  of  Mt.  Aconcagua.   With  40  full-page 

illustrations,  10  of  them  in  photogravure.     Large  8vo,  $6.00  net. 

MR.  FITZGERALD  here  tells  of  his  ascent  of  the  loftiest  mountain  ever  climbed,  and  of  other  thrilling 
*  "  *  experiences  in  his  South  American  adventures.  The  book  is  also  extremely  valuable  from  the  scientific  side. 


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1899.]  THE     DIAL  467 


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welcome  in  the  glad  days  T.     .„  ,        .       , 

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FISHERMAN'S  LUCK 

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Contents:  FISHERMAN'S  LXJCK  —  THE  THRILLING  MOMENT  —  TALKABILITY  —  A  WILD  STRAWBERBT  —  LOVERS 
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opened  this  book  with  the  fisherman's  old  fra- 
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'<  "THIS  latest  book  of  Dr.  Henry  van  Dyke  belongs  side 
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to  be  proud  of." — THE  NEWARK  ADVERTISER. 
""THE  present  book  is  perhaps  even  stronger  than  the  other,  and  from  its  dedication  ...  to  the  volume's 
*•    (hie  ending  does  not  contain  a  dull  or  an  uninteresting  page.  .  .  .  The  whole  book  is  an  antidote  to  gloom 
and  hopelessness  of  every  kind." — New  York  Times. 

THE  TRAIL  OF  THE  SANDHILL  STAG 

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what  is  much  more  uncommon  —  is  able  to  communicate  to  his  readers  some  portion  at  least  of  the  charm 
—  the  spell  of  the  woods,  and  the  joy  of  the  hunter." — New  York  Times. 

By  the  Same  Author :  WILD  ANIMALS  I  HAVE  KNOWN.     28th  Thousand.     Square  8vo,  $2  00. 

BOB:   The  Story  of  Our  Mocking  Bird 

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12mo,  $1.50. 

A  CHARMING  vein  of  humor  and  philosophy  runs  through  Mr.  Lanier's  affectionately  intimate  story  of  his 
**  pet  mocking  bird  Bob,  giving  the  book  a  literary  quality  of  an  altogether  unusual  kind  and  setting  it  in  a 
niche  of  its  own.  The  illustrations  have  been  reproduced  in  colors  from  carefully  made  and  painted  photo- 
graphs, and  are  as  artistic  as  they  are  in  perfect  harmony  with  the  author's  delightful  narrative,  passages  of 
which  they  illustrate. 

PRIMITIVE   LOVE  AND   LOVE  =  STORIES 

By  HENRY  T.  FINCK,  author  of  "  Romantic  Love  and  Personal  Beauty,"  "  Wagner  and  his  Works," 

etc.     Crown  8vo,  $3.00. 

Summary  of  Contents :  HISTORY  OF  AN  IDEA  —  How  SENTIMENTS  CHANGE  AND  GROW  —  WHAT  is  ROMANTIC  LOVE  ? 
— SENSUALITY,  SENTIMENTALITY,  AND  SENTIMENT — MISTAKES  REGARDING  CONJUGAL  LOVE — OBSTACLES  TO  ROMANTIC 
LOVE  — SPECIMENS  OF  AFRICAN  LOVE  —  ABORIGINAL  AUSTRALIAN  LOVE— ISLAND  LOVE  ON  THE  PACIFIC  — How 
AMERICAN  INDIANS  LOVE  — INDIA,  WILD  TRIBES  AND  TEMPLE  GIRLS  —  UTILITY  AND  FUTURE  OF  LOVE. 

|\y\R.  FINCK'S  new  work,  the  fruit  of  thirteen  years  of  research  among  original  authorities,  is  destined  to 
*  v  *  create  a  new  epoch  in  the  sociology  of  love  and  marriage  and  to  attract  the  widest  attention  among  students 
of  the  evolution  of  marriage.  The  fulness  and  frankness  of  the  discussion,  which  is  fortified  by  an  extra- 
ordinarily large  and  varied  collection  of  love-stories  of  primitive  races,  make  the  book  also  of  the  greatest 
popular  interest. 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  Publishers,  New  York 


468  THE     DIAL  [Dec.  16, 


SCRIBNER'S   HOLIDAY  BOOKS 


MRS.  JOHN   DREW'S   REMINISCENCES 

With  an  Introduction  by  her  son,  JOHN  DREW  ;  and  with  Biographical  Notes  by  DOUGLAS  TAYLOR, 

President  of  the  Dunlop  Society.     Profusely  illustrated.    12mo,  $1.50. 

AARS.  DREW'S  book  is  rich  in  entertaining  reminiscences  of  the  American  stage.     Anecdotes  of  Macrendv, 
1  the  elder  Booth,  the  elder  Jefferson,  of  Fanny  Kemble,  of  the  Old  Bowery  and  Park  theatres,  and  of  for- 
gotten plays  and  players,  fill  her  pages  and  give  them  a  delightful  flavor. 

NOOKS  AND  CORNERS  OF  OLD  NEW  YORK 

By  CHARLES  HEMSTRBET.    Illustrated  by  Ernest  C.  Peixotto.     Square  12mo,  $2.00. 
••  DEOPLE  of  antiquarian  taste,  and  not  New  Yorkers  alone,  will  find  this  book  one  of  peculiar  interest. 
'    The  particulars  about  old  houses  and  localities,  and  of  the  people  of  a  former  time,  collected  so  industri- 
ously by  Mr.  Hemstreet,  have  a  never-failing  attractiveness." — Philadelphia  Telegraph. 

AMERICA  TO-DAY 

Observations  and  Reflections.    By  WILLIAM  ARCHER.     12 mo,  $1.25. 

A  BOOK  embodying  the  views  of  this  distinguished  English  critic  on  American  traits  and  American  customs 
**  as  he  observed  them  during  his  visit  a  year  ago,  together  with  reflections  upon  some  of  the  larger  political 
and  social  problems  which  are  pressing  for  solution. 

MODERN   DAUGHTERS 

By  ALEXANDER  BLACK.     Profusely  illustrated  from  photographs  by  the  author.     8vo,  $2.50. 

BKINO  CONVERSATIONS  WITH  A  DKBUTANTK  —  A  LBFT-OVKR  QIBL  —  A  GYM  Gnu,  —  A  HBBOIXB  —  A  CLUB  WOMAN  — 
A  CYNIC  —  A  CHAPERON  —  A  NICK  MAN  —  AN  ENGAGED  GIRI,  —  A  HKIDE. 

A  companion  volume  to  Mr.  Black's  extraordinarily  successful  "  Miss  America,"  published  last  season. 

A  CHILD'S   PRIMER  OF   NATURAL   HISTORY 

By  OLIVER  HERFORD.     Small  4to,  $1.25. 

"AS  for  some  of  his  highly  finished  portraits,  notably  those  of  the  Yak  and  the  Hippopotamus,  they  have  an 
**  eloquence  and  veracity  of  which  we  cannot  too  warmly  speak." — New  York  Tribune. 

A  New  Novel  of  American  Life  by  Mrs.  Burnett. 

IN  CONNECTION  WITH   THE   DE  WILLOUGHBY  CLAIM 

By  FRANCES  HODGSON  BURNETT.     12mo,  $1.50. 

"THIS,  the  longest  and  most  important  novel  Mrs.  Burnett  has  written  for  many  years,  is  a  story  in  every 
^    way  distinctively  American.     Its  plot  is  unusually  strong,  its  dramatic  interest  absorbing;   and  in  addi- 
tion it  presents  some  vivid  portraits  of  life  in  North  Carolina,  in  a  New  England  town,  and  in  Washington, 
where  the  "  De  Willonghby  Claim  "  is  being  fought  out  in  Congress. 


NOVELS    AND    STORIES    BY 
RICHARD  HARDING  DAVIS 

Olive  Leather  Edition.   In  six  volumes,  each  with 

photogravure  frontispiece.    In  limp  leather,  gilt 

top,  small  16mo.     Sold  only  in  sets.     Per  set, 

$6.00  net. 

"MEYER  has  Mr.  Davis's  clever  work  appeared  in 
such  beautiful   form.     Nothing  is  lacking  to 
make  the  books  perfect." — New  York  Tribune.  I   their  suggest! veness  of  Cupid's  vroes."-Boston  Herald. 


THE   LION  AND  THE 
UNICORN 

By  RICHARD  HARDING  DAVIS.     Illustrated  by 

H.  C.  Christy.     12mo,  $1.25. 

••  \A7HAT  is  particularly  noticeable  about  the  volume 

is  the  depth  of  feeling,  the  playfulness  tinged 

with  pathos,  and  the  delicate  tenderness  with  which 

the  author  writes  of  affairs  which  are  attractive  even  in 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  Publishers,  New  York 


1899.]  THE     DIAL  469 


SCRIBNER'S   HOLIDAY  BOOKS 


FOR  THE  FREEDOM  OF  THE  SEA 

By  CYRUS  TOWNSEND  BRADY.     A  Romance  of  the  War  of  1812.     With  12  full-page  illustrations 

by  Gibbs.     12mo,  $1.50. 

A    NEW  romance,  by  the  author  of  "  For  Love  of  Country,"  dealing  with  events  supposed  to  have  taken  place 
•!*  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  picturing  some  of  the  most  dramatic  and  thrilling  scenes  in  American  naval  history. 

THE  CHRONICLES  OF  AUNT  MINERVY  ANN 

By  JOEL  CHANDLER  HARRIS.    Illus.  by  A.  B.  Frost.    12nao,  $1.50. 

"  A  UNT  MINERVY  ANN  is  a  fit  companion  to  Uncle  Remus,  and  her  chronicles  are  things  of  joy,  and  of 
**  wisdom,  too." — New  York  Times. 

THE  SHIP  OF  STAIRS 

By  A.  T.  QuiLLER-CouCH  (Q).     With  frontispiece.     12mo,  $1.50. 

"  VOU  must  love  Taffy,  for  charmingly  does  Mr.  Quiller-Couch  describe  the  boyhood  of  this  Cornish  lad. 
*•    '  The  Ship  of  Stars '  is  full  of  dramatic  power,  and  shows  Mr.  Quiller-Couch  at  his  best." — N.  Y.  Times. 

THE  ADVENTURES  OF  A  FRESHMAN 

By  JESSE  LYNCH  WILLIAMS.     Illustrated  by  Fletcher  Ransom.     12mo,  $1.25. 

"  JESSE  LYNCH  WILLIAMS  has  revealed  his  felicitous  talent  for  describing  college  life  again  in  « The 
^   Adventures  of  a  Freshman.' " — Philadelphia  Press. 

FOR    YOUNGER  READERS. 

"  The  best  juvenile  book  of  the  year." 

THE  LAND  OF  THE   LONG  NIGHT 

By  PAUL  B.  DU  CHAILLU.     With  24  full-page  illustrations.     Square  12mo,  $2.00. 

"  VOUNG  people  always  find  Paul  du  Chaillu  a  most 
"Here    is    what    every  agreeable  travelling  companion,  whether  he  takes         „  No    more    interesting 

healthy,  active  boy  wishes  to     th.e,m  *? . the  hom,e  of  the  Sorilla  °r  thf  ¥nd  of, the     book  for  young  people  has 

.       .         midnight  sun.     .Here  are  information,  stories,  and  in-     ,  ,,; ,    , .     , 

know  and  dreams  of  seeing     J^g  of  adyenture  in  Arctic  regions  gtrung  together     been  published  in  the  present 

some  day.  by  a  persOnal  narrative  of  travel  —  all  readable,  un-     ^ason. 

conventional,  entertaining." — The  Outlook. 
"  By  that  prince  of  traveling  story-tellers,  Paul  du  Chaillu.  .  .  .   The  illustrations  are  extraordinarily  vivid." 

THE  FUGITIVE 

A  Tale  of  Adventure  in  the  Days  of  Clipper  Ships  and  Slavers.     By  JOHN  R.  SPEARS. 

Illustrated  by  W.  Russell.     12mo,  $1.25. 

"  T  T  strikes  us  as  an  excellent  tale  of  adventure,  dealing  with  the  old  days  of  the  American  clipper  ships  and 
*   African  slave-trading.     The  story  is  told  with  decided  spirit,  and,  while  surely  stirring  enough,  keeps  on 
the  safe  side  of  sensationalism." — The  Outlook. 

MIDSHIPMAN   STUART; 

Or,  The  Last  Cruise  of  the  Essex.     A  Tale  of  1812.     By  KIRK  MTTNROE. 

Illustrated.     12mo,  $1.25. 

"'""THE  book  is  sure  to  fascinate  boys  of  an  adventurous  turn,  for  the  story  is  well  told  and  is  patriotic  with- 
*•    out  a  touch  of  jingoism." — The  Churchman. 

Three  New  Books  by  G.  A.  HENTY.     Each  with  Illustrations.     12mo,  $1.50. 


A  ROVING  COMMISSION; 

Or,  Through  the  Black  Insurrec- 
tion at  Hayti. 


WON  BY  THE  SWORD 

A  Tale  of  the  Thirty  Years' 
War. 


NO  SURRENDER 

The  Story  of  the  Revolt  in  La 
Vende'e. 


"  Mr.  Henty  is  no  doubt  the  most  successful  writer  for  boys." — REVIEW  OP  REVIEWS. 
***  Copies  of  our  O^ew  Holiday  and  Juvenile  Catalogues  will  be  sent  free  to  any  address  on  request. 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  Publishers,  New  York 


470 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


m'lmer'0  for  1900 


FOR  1900,  THE  CLOSING  YEAR  OF  THE  CENTURY,  HAS  BEEN 
SECURED  THE  MOST  VALUABLE  PROGRAM  THE  MAGAZINE 
EVER  OFFERED.     The  following  is  a  partial  announcement ;  the  full  pros- 
pectus in  small  book  form,  with  illustrations  in  colors  by  noted  artists,  will  be  sent 
upon  application. 


OLIVER  CROMWELL,  by  Theodore  Roosevelt,  will  not  be  the  history  of  a  mere  student,  compiled 
with  much  research  but  with  little  experience  of  affairs.  It  will  show  a  man  of  action  in  history  as  viewed  by 
a  younger  man  of  action  to-day.  The  illustrators  include  F.  C.  Tohn,  E.  C.  Peizotto,  Henry  McCarter,  Seymour 
Lucas,  R.A.,  the  well-known  authority  upon  the  Cromwellian  period,  Frank  Craig,  and  Claude  E.  Shepperson. 


THE  RUSSIA  OF  TO-DAY,  by  Henry  Nor- 
man, author  of  "The  Real  Japan,"  "The  Far  East," 
etc.,  and  the  expert  on  foreign  politics  and  colonial 
policies.  Six  articles,  all  illustrated. 


"Harvard   Fifty   Years 


SENATOR   HOAR: 

Ago,"  and  other  papers. 

WALTER  A.  WYCKOFF,  anthor  of  « The 
Workers,"  will  also  be  a  prominent  contributor  dur- 
ing 1900. 

THE  BOER  WAR  will  be  dealt  with  in  Scrib- 
ner's  (like  the  Spanish  War)  with  vivid,  complete  de- 
scriptions by  eye-witnesses  —  accompanied  with  the 
best  photographs.  The  first  articles  will  be  by  H.  J. 
Whigham,  who  has  already  reached  the  front. 

RICHARD  HARDING  DAVIS  will  continue  to 
be  a  prominent  and  frequent  contributor  both  of  fic- 
tion and  of  special  articles.  More  specific  announce- 
ment will  be  made  from  time  to  time. 

FREDERICK  I R LAND  will  contribute  more  of 
his  articles  on  shooting  and  exploration. 


OMDURMAN  AND  THE  SUDAN,  by  Cap- 
tain W.  Elliot  Cairnes,  the  well-known  English  mili- 
tary critic.  Illustrated. 

THE  CHARM  OF  PARIS,  by  Ida  M.  Tarbell, 
illustrated  by  five  famous  foreign  illustrators. 

THE  BEST  STORIES  IN  THE  WORLD 

will  continue  to  appear  in  Scribner's  —  stories  by  new 
writers  as  well  as  by  Thomas  Nelson  Page,  Richard 
Harding  Davis,  Henry  Van  Dyke,  Henry  James,  Edith 
Wharton,  Ernest  Seton- Thompson  (author  of  "  Wild 
Animals  I  Have  Known  "),  and  many  others. 

ART  FEATURES  include,  besides  the  uncom- 
mon illustrations  for  "  Cromwell  "  and  the  other  pic- 
torial plans  mentioned,  special  articles  on  art  and 
artists,  such  as  "  Puvis  de  Chavannes,"  by  John  La 
Farge,  to  be  illustrated  in  color,  from  the  great 
artist's  work;  special  illustrative  schemes  by  Walter 
Appleton  Clark,  Henry  McCarter,  E.  C.  Peixotto, 
Dwight  L.  Elmendorf,  and  others.  Also  color-printing 
and  colored  covers. 


J.  M.   BARRIE'S    NEW    STORY 
TOMMY  AND  ORIZEL 

Has  finally  been  completed,  and  will  appear  serially  in  Scribner's  Magazine. 

"  T  M.  BARRIE'S  great  novel,  upon  which  he  has  been  at  work  for  four  years,  begins  in  the  January 
*"*  *  Scribner's.  It  is  safe  to  assert  that  this  is  not  only  Barrie's  masterpiece,  but  the  greatest  work  of  fiction 
of  recent  yean.  It  begins  with  the  arrival  of  Tommy  in  London  with  his  sister  Elspeth,  and  launches  him  as 
a  writer  who  suddenly  acquires  celebrity.  It  is  a  story  that  adapts  itself  to  serial  reading,  and  the  career  of 
Tommy  will  be  followed  throughout  the  year  with  absorbing  interest  Each  instalment  will  contain  a  full-page 
illustration  by  Bernard  Partridge. 

BE  SURE  TO  BEGIN  SUBSCRIPTION  WITH  THE  JANUARY  NUMBER, 
and  so  secure  the  whole  of  Mr.  Barrie's  story. 

$3.00  a  Tear,  25  cents  a  Number. 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  Publishers,  New  York 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


471 


THOMAS  NELSON  &  SONS' 

NEW   HOLIDAY   BOOKS 


A  DAUGHTER  OF  FRANCE  ;    OR,  A  STORY  OF  ACADIA.     By  ELIZA  F.  POLLARD. 
8vo,  cloth,  illustrated.     $1.50. 

A  delightful  story  of  a  Huguenot  girl,  full  of  romantic  adventures  and  of  historical  interest.  This 
story  shows  the  relations  of  the  Puritans  of  Boston  to  the  Acadian  settlers. 

TOM  GRAHAM,   V.C.      A  Story  of  the  Afghan  War.     BY  WILLIAM  JOHNSTON.     8vo, 

cloth,  illustrated.     $1.25. 

A  book  brimming  over  with  thrilling  adventures,  on  land  and  sea.  It  contains  a  most  interesting  story 
of  a  battle  in  which  "Tom  Graham  "  won  his  V.C.,  so  realistically  told  as  to  make  the  reader  feel  as  if  he 
actually  witnessed  the  conflict.  This  cannot  fail  to  entertain  boys. 

MOBSLEY'S    MOHICANS.     By  HAROLD  AVERT.     8vo,  cloth,  illustrated.     $1.25. 

Those  who  have  read  "Frank's  First  Term,"  "Triple  Alliance,"  etc.,  by  this  author,  will  welcome  this 
announcement,  as  his  books  of  school  life  never  fail  to  attract  the  attention  of  boys. 

PHIL  AND   I.     By  PAUL  BLAKE.     8 vo,  cloth,  illustrated.     $1.00. 

"  Phil  and  I "  portrays  the  friendship  between  an  English  boy  and  the  son  of  an  exiled  French  noble- 
man and  relates  various  adventures  connected  with  the  war  between  England  and  France  in  the  time  of 
Napoleon.  It  is  well  written. 

TREFOIL.     The  Story  of  a  Girls'  Society.     By  M.  P.  MACDONALD.     8vo,  cloth,  illus- 
trated.    $1.25. 

A  prettily  written  story  of  the  love  and  self-sacrifice  in  the  lives  of  three  Australian  girls  ;  the  book  is 
without  an  uninteresting  page. 


THE  COURTEOUS  KNIGHT,  and  other  Tales 
from  Spenser  and  Malory.  By  E.  EDWARDSON. 
Edition  de  luxe,  on  antique  paper.  Illustrated 
by  Robert  Hope.  SI. 25. 

A  CAPTAIN  OF  IRREGULARS.  By  HERBERT 
HAYENS,  author  of  "An  Emperor's  Doom,"  "A 
Fighter  in  Green,"  etc.  Illustrated  by  Sidney 
Paget.  $1.50. 

A  STORY  OF  SEVEN.    By  BRIDGET  PENN.    75  cts. 

TERRY'S    TRIALS    AND    TRIUMPHS.       By   J. 

MACDONALD    OXLEY,   author   of   "My  Strange 
Rescue,"  etc.     75  cts. 

THE  FELLOW  WHO  WON.  A  Tale  of  School 
Life.  By  ANDREW  HOME.  Illustrated  by  Emily 
Cook.  $1.25. 


HAVELOK  THE  DANE.  A  Legend  of  Old  Grimsby 
and  Lincoln.  By  C.  W.  WHISTLER,  author  of 
"King  Alfred's  Viking,"  etc.  Illustrated  by  W. 
H.  Margetson.  $1.25. 

THE  TWIN  CASTAWAYS.  By  E.  HARCOURT 
BURRAGE,  author  of  "  The  Vanished  Yacht." 
Illustrated.  $1.00. 

THE  ABBEY  ON  THE  MOOR.  By  LUCIE  E. 
JACKSON,  author  of  "  Daisy  Ralston,"  etc.  Illus- 
trated. 80  cts. 

A  GOODLY  HERITAGE.  By  K.  M.  EADY,  author 
of  "  The  Lifting  of  the  Shadow."  Illustrated  by 
Percy  Tarrant.  $1.00. 

A  VANISHED  NATION.  By  HERBERT  HAYENS. 
Illustrated  by  W.  B.  Wollen,  R.I.  $1.50. 


Two  New  Books  by  E.  EVERETT-GREEN,  author  of  "In  the  Days  of  Chivalry," 
"  The  Lost  Treasure  of  Trevlyn"  etc.,  etc. 


THE  HEIR  OF  HASCOMBE  HALL.  A  Historical 
Tale  of  the  Days  of  the  Early  Tudors.  Illus- 
trated by  Ernest  Prater.  $1.50. 


PRISCILLA.  A  Story  for  Girls.  By  E.  EVERETT- 
GREEN  and  H.  LOUISE  BEDFORD.  Illustrated  by 
J.  H.  Bacon.  $1.25. 


BRIGHT  STORIES  FOR   LITTLE  PEOPLE. 


BOBBY'S    SURPRISES. 

Illustrated.     80  cts. 

THREE   BABIES   AND   WHAT  THEY   DID. 

R.  B.  WAINWRIGHT.     75  cts. 

OUR  PETS.     16  colored  pages.     Paper,  25  cts. 


By  E.  L.  HAVERFIELD. 
By 


THE  MERRY-GO-ROUND.  Parti.  Cloth,  $1.00. 
THE  MERRY-GO-ROUND.  Part  II.  Cloth,  $1.00. 
THE  BIBLE  ALPHABET.  Entirely  new  designs. 

16  colored  pages.     Paper,  25  cts. 
OUR   DARLINGS.     16  colored  pages.    Paper,  25  cts. 


Sold  by  all  Booksellers.     Sent,  postpaid,  on  receipt  of  price,  by 

THOMAS  NELSON  &  SONS,  Publishers,  37  East  18th  St.,  New  York 


472 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


1900       THE  JUBILEE  YEAR  OF 

"The   Leading 


$3.00  A  YEAR. 

THE  December  number  opens  the  One  Hundredth  volume  of  HARPER'S 
MAGAZINE.    This  number  is  in  itself  &  guarantee  of  the  progressive  move- 
ment of  the  MAGAZINE  and  of  its  outlook  for  the  future.     During  the  coming 
year,  enhanced  in  every  essential  quality,  yet  at  a  lowered  price,  HARPER'S 
MAGAZINE  will  enter  upon  a  new  era  of  expansion  and  development. 

Following  in  the  Royal  procession  of  great  novelists  whose 
more  notable  works  have  appeared  in  the  serial  fiction 
of  the  MAGAZINE  the  publishers  announce  for  1900: 

Two  Great  Serials  by  Two  Great  Writers. 


THE  MANTLE  OF  ELIJAH. 

A  Novel.  By  I.  ZANGWILL,  author  of  "  Chil- 
dren of  the  Ghetto,"  etc. 
An  important  feature  of  this  dramatic  serial  is  the 
domestic  side  of  the  hero's  character.  The  author  deals 
in  his  masterly  way  with  some  of  the  vital  questions  of 
our  time.  The  dramatic  strength  of  the  novel  is  indi- 
cated by  the  fact  that  it  is  to  form  the  basis  of  a  play 
for  immediate  production  on  the  stage  after  its  con- 
clusion in  the  MAGAZINE.  It  will  be  profusely 
illustrated  by  Louis  Loeb. 


ELEANOR. 

A  Novel.  By  Mrs.  HUMPHRY  WARD,  au- 
thor of  "  Robert  Elsmere,"  "  Marcella," 
etc. 

The  theme  of  this  story  is  based  on  the  deep  cur- 
rents swaying  the  religious  and  political  thought  of 
Christendom  in  this  generation.  The  romance  is  one 
of  passion  and  of  human  faith,  and,  in  both,  is  a  mas- 
terful portrayal  of  the  never-ending  conflict  between 
the  old  and  the  new.  The  pictures  are  from  studies 
made  in  Italy  by  Albert  Sterner. 


DEVIL  TALES. 


HUMOROUS  STORIES.  By  W.  W.  JACOBS,  author  of  »  Many  Cargoes  ";  SEUMAS 
M  \ «  M  A  M  s.  author  of  "  Through  the  Turf  Smoke  ";  MARK  TWAIN,  and  others. 

No  writer  surpasses  Mrs.  VIRGINIA  FRAZER  BOYLE  in  her  artistic 
and  sympathetic  adaptations  of  the  actual  negro  superstitions.  Each 
tale  will  be  profusely  illustrated  by  A.  B.  Frost. 

INDIAN  TALES.  Written  and  illustrated  by  Miss  ANGEL  DE  CORA.  These  naive 
tales  of  the  North  American  Indian  assume  inherent  value  and  importance  from  the  fact  that 
the  author  is  herself  a  native  Indian  girl. 

Under  this  title  Mr.  FRANK  R.  STOCKTON  has  written  a  lively        A  BICYCLE 
romance  in  his  best  vein,  full  of  amusing  incidents  and  surprises.        QF  CATHAY. 

Rudyard  Kipling  in  A  WINTER'S  NOTE- BOOK 

Has  gathered  together  some  of  his  observations  of  winter  in  Vermont,  which,  with  many 
accompanying  illustrations  of  peculiar  but  general  interest  and  original  value,  will  form  one 
of  the  most  attractive  articles  in  an  early  number  of  the  magazine. 

Another  important  feature  will  be  a  two-part  novelette  by  GILBERT  PARKER,  the  scene  of 
which  is  laid  in  the  channel  islands. 

Among  other  writers  of  short  stories  whose  work  will  appear  in  early  issues  are : 
CAPTAIN  CAIRNES,  OWEN  WISTER,  STEPHEN  CRANE, 

DR.  C.  W.  DOYLE,  FREDERIC  REMINGTON,  MARIE  VAN  VORST. 

*„*  Send  for  full  prospectus,  mailed  to  any  addre»»,  pott  free,  on  application. 

HARPER  &   BROTHERS,  Publishers, 


1900       THE  JUBILEE  YEAR  OF 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


473 


HARPER'S  MAGAZINE 


1900 


Family  Magazine/ 


25  CTS.  A  COPY. 


THE  year  1900  marks  the  Jubilee  of  HARPER'S  MAGAZINE.  The  past, 
at  least,  is  secure ;  and  for  the  future  the  outlook  promises  that  in  all  points 
of  excellence  the  standard  will  be  advanced,  and  its  appeal  to  its  readers  enlarged 
and  deepened  in  every  matter  of  contemporaneous  human  interest.  In  Beauty, 
Attractiveness,  and  Importance,  HARPER'S  MAGAZINE  for  1900  will  be 
unsurpassed  as  a  family  periodical. 

Among  the  descriptive  articles  of  an  important  educational  significance  in  lit- 
erature, art,  science,  and  politics,  there  will  appear  during  the  coming  year : 

Two  Great  Writers  on  Two  Great  Questions. 


THE  TROUBLE  IN  THE  TRANSVAAL. 

GEORGE  W.  STEEVENS  is  now  in  the  Trans- 
vaal studying  South  African  affairs,  and 
is  gathering  material  for  a  special  series  of 
papers  on  this  momentous  question. 


OUR  RELATIONS  WITH 
GERMANY. 

By  Captain  A.  T.  MAHAN.  A  study  of  the 
policy  that  should  determine  the  attitude  of 
the  United  States  toward  Germany. 


IN  TOUCH  WITH  THE  UNSEEN.  A  Series  of  Articles  on  a  subject  of  peren- 
nial and  universal  interest,  dealing  with  the  great  mystery  of  the  human  personality,  its 
spiritual  existence  here  and  in  the  hereafter.  These  articles  will  be  contributed  by  the  most 
eminent  psychologists  and  scientists  of  the  time,  and  are  certain  to  awaken  the  profoundest 
interest  in  the  treatment  of  the  great  human  problem  of  the  ages. 


A  series  of  papers  by  Dr.  HENRY  SMITH  WILLIAMS, 
telling  the  people  just  what  the  European  scientists  have 
accomplished  during  recent  years. 


PROGRESS  OF 
SCIENCE  IN  EUROPE. 


THE  STAGING  OF  SHAKESPEARE,  AND  DRAMATIC  ART  AND  THE  SUBSCRIP- 
TION THEATRE.  By  WILLIAM  ARCHER,  the  foremost  English  writer  on  dramatic  subjects, 
illustrated  by  Joseph  Pennell.  In  view  of  Mr.  Archer's  recent  visit  to  this  country  for  the 
purpose  of  making  a  study  of  the  American  stage,  these  articles  are  of  unusual  and  timely 
interest. 

WHITE  MAN'S  ASIA,  by  Poultney  Bigelow. 

Among  other  important  features  which  can  only  be  mentioned  in  so  brief  an  announcement 
are :  "  The  Right  Arm  of  the  Continent,"  by  C.  F.  LUMMIS  ;  "  Walks  and  Talks  with  Tolstoi'," 
by  the  Hon.  ANDREW  D.  WHITE,  our  Ambassador  to  Germany ;  to  be  followed  by  a 
paper  on  "Bismarck";  "Russian  and  Chinese  Borderlands,"  by  ARCHIBALD  K.  COLQUHOUN; 
"  Studies  in  India,"  by  JULIAN  RALPH  ;  "  Sport  and  Adventure  Among  the  Andes,"  by 
Sir  MARTIN  CONWAY,  invading  a  region  rich  in  material  for  description  and  illustration. 

Articles  will  also  be  contributed  by : 

CHARLES  M.  ROBINSON,  W.  E.  GRIFFIS,  FREDERIC  BANCROFT, 

LAURENCE  HUTTON,  A.  B.  DOGGET,  A.  A.  HAYES,  JR. 

* #*  Send  for  full  prospectus,  mailed  to  any  address,  post  free,  on  application. 

NEW  YORK  AND   LONDON. 


HARPER'S  MAGAZINE 


1900 


474 


[Dee.  16, 


George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.'s  Holiday  Books. 

A  NEW  PURPOSE  NOVEL. 

STEPHEN,  THE   BLACK. 

By  CABOUXB  H.  PKMBBRTON.  author  of  "  Your  Little  Brother  James."     16mo.    Cloth.     Price.  81.00. 


A  1*017  of  the  black  South,  in  which  the  writer,  who  ha*  made  a  careful  rtudy  of  the  subject,  palnU  in  vivid  colon  the  American  black 
unt  u  he  exists  oa  an  Alabama  plantation. 
In  an  extended  rertew  in  flU  Button  Bv«*i*g  Trmtcrift,  of  November  18,  1890,  Mr.  NATHAN  HASKELL  DOLE,  the  eminent  critic, 


•my*  of  this  work  :  "  The  whole  book  is  tremendously  intense,  aad  the  denoument  equals  anything  in  '  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin.'  One  forget*  it  is 
•  novel  'burdened  with  a  moral  purpose  ';  the  plot  is  real,  U  tragic,  is  dramatic,  and  appeals  to  the  highest  Instincts  of  the  reader.  The  story 
U  not  long,  bat  it  ha*  in  it  the  IneTitablene**  of  greet  art ;  there  U  not  a  false  note  in  It  from  beginning  to  end." 

DEAN   STANLEY'S   HISTORICAL  MEMORIALS. 

Historical  Memorials  of  Westminster 
Abbey. 

67  ABTHCB  PKNRHYN  STANLKT,  D.D..  author  of  "Histori- 
cal Memorials  of  Canterbury."  Entirely  new  edition 
with  special  cover  design  in  gold.  16  full-page  photo-  I 
gravure  illustrations,  besides  numerous  half-tone  plate* 
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cloth  jackets,  $6.;  half  calf  or  half  crushed  levant,  $12.  | 


Historical   Memorials  of  Canterbury. 

By  ABTHUB  PKNBBTN  STANLEY,  D.D.,  author  of  "  Histori- 
cal Memorials  of  Westminster  Abbey."  Entirely  new 
edition  with  special  cover  design  in  gold.  1'2  full-page 
photogravure  illustrations,  besides  numerous  half-tone 
plates  and  text  illustrations.  Complete  in  one  volume. 
Handsomely  bound  in  cloth,  cloth  jacket,  $.'1.00 ;  half 
calf  or  half  crushed  levant,  $6.00. 


THE   BRITISH   ISLES  THROUGH  AN  OPERA  GLASS. 

By  CHAKUM  M.  TAYLOR,  Jr.,  author  of  "  Vacation  Days  in  Hawaii  and  Japan."  With  48  fall-page  illustrations,  principally 

from  photographs.    Crown  8vo.     About  350  p«ges.     Price.  $2.00. 

Mr.  Taylor  ha*  an  alert  mind,  an  observant  eye  and  an  exhaasUre  fund  of  anecdotal  and  historic  lore  at  command,  and  adding  to  theee  the 
advantage  of  a  clever  literary  style  and  a  rare  knowledge  of  photographic  art,  he  is  able  to  clothe  his  writings  with  that  charm  which  belong* 
to  finished  literary  work. 

FOR   THE    YOUNG  PEOPLE 


Remember  the  Maine. 

A  Story  of  the  Spanish-American  War.  By  GORDON  STA- 
BLKS,  author  of  "  Westward  with  Columbus."  etc.  With 
five  full-page  illustrations  and  appropriate  cover  design. 
12mo,  8  !.-'">. 


A  Sweet  Little  Maid. 

By  AMY  K.  1  1  1.  \  M  n  A  iu>.  Uniform  with  "  A  Dear  Little 
Girl,"  and  "A  Little  Turning  Aside."  With  five  full- 
page  illustrations  by  Ida  Wangh,  and  attractive  cover 
design.  Large  12mo,  cloth,  $1.00. 


GEORGE  W.  JACOBS  &  CO.,  PUBLISHERS,  PHILADELPHIA. 

Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.'s  New  Books 


SALMON  P.  CHASE. 

By  ALBERT  BUSHNELL  HART,  Professor  of  History 
in  Harvard  University.  In  the  series  of  Amer- 
ican Statesmen.  IGmo,  with  very  full  index, 
$1.25;  half  morocco,  82.50. 

This  is  a  valuable  addition  to  the  Statesmen  series. 
Mr.  Hart  describes  adequately  the  great  career  of 
Mr.  Chase  as  an  anti-slavery  leader,  as  United  States 
Senator,  Governor  of  Ohio,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
in  the  Civil  War,  and  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States. 

THE  BOOK  OF  LEGENDS. 

Gathered  and  rewritten  by  HORACE  E.  SCUDDER.    With 

illustrations.     IGmo,  50  cents. 

Mr.  Scndder  has  chosen  some  twenty  of  the  most 
famous  legends — The  Flying  Dutchman,  William  Tell, 
The  Wandering  Jew,  the  Legend  of  St.  Christopher, 
The  DogGellert,  The  Proud  King,  The  Bell  of  Justice, 
etc.,  and  has  rewritten  them  in  a  simple  but  attractive 
style.  They  make  a  little  book  for  which  it  is  safe  to 
promise  a  delightful  success. 


RECOLLECTIONS  OF  MY 
MOTHER 

[MRS.  ANNE  JEAN  LYMAN].  Being  a  Picture  of  Do- 
mestic and  Social  Life  in  New  England  in  the 
first  half  of  the  Nineteenth  Century.  By  SUSAN 
I.  LESLEY.  With  Portraits  and  other  illustrations. 
Large  crown  8vo,  82.50. 

An  uncommonly  interesting  picture  of  New  England 
family  and  village  life  in  Northampton,  Mass.,  fifty 
yean  ago  or  more, — a  life  marked  by  high  intelligence, 
fineness  and  strength  of  character,  helpfulness,  and  a 
noble  simplicity.  The  pages  are  thickly  studded  with 
names  all  Americans  honor, — Emerson,  Sedgwick,  Ban- 
croft, Whittier,  Huntington,  Bryant,  and  scores  besides. 

THE   TWO  LEGACIES. 

By  GEORGINA  LOWELL  PUTNAM.     IGmo,  81.00. 

Mr.  James  Russell  Lowell  read  this  story  in  manu- 
script and  said  of  it:  "It  is  done  with  a  simple  grace 
and  knowledge  of  nature  that  delighted  me.  There 
is  a  refinement  in  the  tracing  of  character  which  is  only 
the  gift  of  God  and  a  skill  in  stopping  short  of  the 
ominous  too  much  that  commonly  is  the  last  and  best 
earning  of  painful  experience." 


For  taU  by  all  Booktellen,  or  tent,  postpaid,  on  receipt  of  price,  by 

HOUGHTON,  MIFFLIN   &   CO.,  PUBLISHERS,  BOSTON 


1899.] 


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Bob,   Son  Of   Battle  By  Alfred  OHivant 

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FOR  AND  ABOUT  BOYS 

The  Court  Of   Boyville  By  William  Allen  White 

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Stalky  &   Co.  By  Rudyard  Kipling 

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We  Win 

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By  Pamela  Colman  Smith.  Price,  $2.50  net.  Also 
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L.  C.  PAGE  AND  COMPANY,  BOSTON 


ART    LOVERS'    SERIES 


in    3tt«     By  CLARA  ERSKINE  CLEMENT,  author  of  "  Angels  in  Art,"  etc. 

Cf)U0t   in   Slit.     By  JOSEPH  LEWIS  FRENCH. 
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etc.    Each  volume  is  illustrated  with  thirty-three  full-page  reproductions  from  paintings  by  the  great  masters. 

This  neries  of  six  volumes  is  boxed  as  a  aet  if  desired,  or  as  three  two-volume  s*ts  in  flat  boxes,  as  follows :  "  The 

Madonna  in  Art"  and  "Child  Ufa  in  Art,"  "  Angol*  in  Art  "and  "  Saints  in  Art,"  "  Christ  in  Art  "  and  "  Love  in  Art." 

MUSIC    LOVERS'    SERIES 


THE  NATIONAL  MUSIC  OF  AMERICA 

AND  ITS  SOURCES.    By  Louis  C.  ELSON, 
Author    of   "  Great    Composers    and    Their   Work." 
With  illustrations  in  photogravure  and  reproduc- 
tions of  numerous  rare  scores. 

1  vol.,  crown  16mo,  cloth  ornamental  .  .  .  $1.50 
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This  volume  describes  the  quaint  music  of  the  Pil- 
grims and  Puritans  and  the  beginnings  of  music 
study  in  America.  It  gives  the  origin  of  all  our  most 
important  national  songs,  and  the  historical  events 
intertwined  with  their  use. 


FAMOUS  VIOLINISTS   OF   TO-DAY 
AND  YESTERDAY.    By  HENRY  C.  LAHKK, 
Author  of  "  Famous  Singers  of  To-day  and  Yester- 
day."     Illustrated   with  ten   full-page    photogra- 
vures. 

1  vol.,  crown  16mo,  cloth  ornamental  .  .  .  $1.50 
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A  sketch  of  the  celebrated  violin  virtuoso,  from 
early  times  to  the  present  day,  together  with  an  ac- 
count of  the  development  of  the  various  schools  of 
instrumentation. 


These  are  the  two  new  volumes  in  our  successful  "  Music  Lovers'  Series,"  begun  last  year  with  "  Great  Composers  and 
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STAGE    LOVERS'    SERIES 


FAMOUS  ACTRESSES   OF   THE    DAY 

IN  AMERICA.     By  LEWIS  C.  STRANO. 
Illustrated  with  twenty-five  full-page  plates  in  photo- 
gravure and  half-tone. 

1  vol.,  crown  16mo,  cloth  decorative  .  .  .  $1.50 
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"  Famous  Actresses  of  the  Day  in  America  "  con- 
tains accounts  of  Maude  Adams,  Ada  Rehan,  Julia 
Mario  we,  Viola  Allen,  Mrs.  Leslie  Carter,  Julia  Arthur, 
Olga  Nethersole,  Annie  Russell,  Maxine  Elliott,  and 
all  the  more  prominent  women  on  the  American  stage. 


FAMOUS  ACTORS   OF   THE   DAY 
IN  AMERICA.    By  LEWIS  C.  STRANG. 

Illustrated  with  twenty-five  full-page  plates  in  photo- 
gravure and  half-tone. 

Each  1  vol.,  crown  IGuio,  cloth  decorative    .     $1.50 

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"  Famous  Actors  of  the  Day  in  America  "  describes 

the  careers  and  art  of  the  prominent  American  actors, 

including  James  A.  Herne,  Richard  Mansfield,  Nat. 

C.  Goodwin,  James  H.  Hackett,  William  H.  Crane, 

Robert  Mantell,  and  E.  H.  Sotbern. 


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their  repertoires.  Boxed  as  a  set  if  desired. 

TRAVEL    LOVERS'    SERIES 


THE   UNCHANGING    EAST; 
Or,  Travels  and  Troubles  in  the  Orient. 

By  ROBERT  BARR, 

Author  of  "  Princess  Tekla,"  etc. 

Illustrated   with    eighty-two  full-page   plates,   from 

photographs  specially  selected  by  the  author. 
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OLD  WORLD   MEMORIES. 

By  EDWARD  LOWE  TEMPLE. 
With  eighty  photogravure  and  half-tone  illustrations, 

deckle  edge,  gilt  top,  flat  backs. 
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Three-quarters  levant  morocco 87.00 

An  interesting  collection  of  essays  and  travel 
sketches  through  both  familiar  haunts  and  out-of-the- 
way  places  of  the  Old  World. 


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SEND  FOR  OUR  ILLUSTRATED  HOLIDAY  CATALOGUE,  AS  THE  ABOVE  BOOKS  ARE  ONLY 

A  SELECTION  OF  OUR  NEW  HOLIDAY  PUBLICATIONS. 


1899.] 


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D.  Appleton  &  Co.'s  Recent  Standard  Books 


A  History  of  American  Privateers. 

By  EDGAR  STANTON  MACLAY,  A.M.,  author  of 
"A  History  of  the  United  States  Navy."  Uniform 
with  "A  History  of  the  United  States  Navy." 
One  volume.  Illustrated.  8vo.  $3.50. 

Reminiscences  of  a  Very  Old  Man. 

1808-1897.     By   JOHN   SARTAIN.     Illustrated. 

12mo.    Cloth,  $2.50. 

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The  Races  of  Europe. 

A  Sociological  Study.  By  WILLIAM  Z.  RIPLEY, 
Ph.D.,  Assistant  Professor. of  Sociology,  Massa- 
chusetts Institute  of  Technology.  Crown  8vo. 
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the  Boston  Public  Library,  the  publishers,  with  the  coop- 
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years  in  physical  anthropology."  —  From  the  American 
Anthropologist,  October,  1899,  Professor  OTIS  T.  MASON, 
Smithsonian  Institution. 

The  Book  of  Knight  and  Barbara. 

By  DAVID  STARR  JORDAN.  Illustrated.  12mo. 
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A  History  of  the  American  Nation. 

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A  History  of  Bohemian  Literature. 

By  FRANCIS,  COUNT  LUTZOW,  author  of  "Bohemia: 
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The  Seven  Seas. 

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half  calf,  $3.00;  morocco,  $5.00. 

Uncle  Remus. 

His  Songs  and  Sayings.  By  JOEL  CHANDLER 
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Mr.  Bullen's  New  Book. 

The  Log  of  a  Sea-Waif. 

Being  Recollections  of  the  First  Four  Years  of  my 
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DEC.  16,  1899.       Vol.  XXVII. 


CONTENTS. 


A  QUESTION  OF  ETHICS 479 

COMMUNICATIONS 481 

Arnold  as  an  Abiding  Force.     Vida  D.  Scudder. 
Mr.  Sartain  and  Poe.    A.  G.  Newcomer. 

MILLAIS  AND  THE  PRE-RAPHAELITES.  E.  G.  J.  483 
MAKING  THE  MOST  OF  LIFE.  D.  L.  Maulsby  .  486 
THE  EGYPT  OF  TO-DAY.  Shailer  Mathews  ...  488 
VARIOUS  ASPECTS  OF  HAWAII.  C.  A.  Kofoid  .  489 

RECENT  FICTION.  William  Morton  Payne  ....  491 
Ford's  Janice  Meredith.  —  Crane's  Active  Service. — 
Matthew's  A  Confident  To-Morrow.  —  Vachell's  A 
Drama  in  Sunshine.  —  Miss  Sherwood's  Henry  Wor- 
thington,  Idealist.  —  Mrs.  Howard's  Dionysius  the 
Weaver's  Heart's  Dearest.  —  Miss  Cholraondeley's 
Red  Pottage.  —  Miss  Hunt's  The  Human  Interest. 

—  Anthony  Hope's  The  King's  Mirror.  —  Castle's 
Young  April.  —  Mason's  Miranda  of  the  Balcony.  — 
Mason  and  Lang's  Parson  Kelly. 

HOLIDAY  PUBLICATIONS  — II 494 

Crawford's  Saracinesca,  illustrated  by  Orson  Lowell. 

—  Ford's    Janice    Meredith,    illustrated    edition.  — 
Reade's  Peg  Woffington,  illustrated  by  Hugh  Thom- 
son.—  Thackeray's  Vanity  Fair,  "Becky  Sharp" 
edition. — Monkhouse's  British  Contemporary  Artists. 
—Colorado  in  Color  and  Song. — Cable's  The  Grandis- 
siraes.  illus.  by  Herter. —  Taylor's  England.  —  How- 
ells's  Their  Silver  Wedding  Journey,  holiday  edition. 

—  Mrs.  Gary's  Browning,  Poet  and  Man.  —  Martin's 
The  Stones  of  Paris.—  Mabie's  My  Study  Fire,  illus- 
trated by  the  Misses  Cowles. — Lamb's  Essays  of  Elia, 
illustrated  by  C.  E.  Brock. — Barr's  The  Unchanging 
East.  —  Mrs.  Earle's  Child  Life  in  Colonial  Days.  — 
Jacobs's  Tales  from  Boccaccio.  —  Miss  Singleton's 
Great  Pictures  Described  by  Great  Writers. —  The 
Sonnets  of  Shakespeare,   Roycrof t  edition.  —  Her- 
ford's  Alphabet  of  Celebrities.  —  Taylor's  Vacation 
Days  in  Hawaii  and  Japan. —  Haggard's  A  Farmer's 
Year. —  Phillips's  Plantation  Sketches. —  Miss  Wee- 
den's  Bandanna  Ballads. —  Kemble's  Sketch  Book. 

—  Thomas  B.  Mosher's  Publications  for  1899.  — La- 
hee's  Famous  Violinists. — Woolf  's  Sketches  of  Lowly 
Life. —  Lanier's  Bob,  the  Story  of  our  Mocking-Bird. 
— Moore's  Lalla  Rookh,  illustrated  edition. — Carring- 
ton's  The  Kings'  Lyrics. —  Richard  Harding  Davis's 
Works,  "  Olive  Leather"  edition. — Miss  Humphrey's 
The  Golf  Girl. —  Strang's  Famous  Actors  of  the  Day 
in  America. — Strauss's  Cupid  and  Coronet. — The  Col- 
loquies of  Edward  Osborne. —  Mrs.  Neish's  A  World 
in  a  Garden. —  Poems  by  Keats  and  Shelley. —  Hub- 
bard's  Little  Journeys  to  the  Homes  of  Celebrated 
Painters.  —  Mrs.  Barr's  Trinity  Bells. —  Miss  Guer- 
ber's  Legends  of  Switzerald. —  Kipling's  The  Brush- 
wood Boy,  illustrated  by  Orson  Lowell.  —  Allbut's 
Rambles  in  Dickens-Land.  —  Glenn's  Some  Colonial 
Mansions,  second  series.  —  Keeler's  A  Season's  Sow- 
ing.—  Miss  Hurll's  Raphael.  —  Loomis's  Zodiac  Cal- 
endar. —  Peizotto's  Revolutionary  Calendar. 

BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG -II 500 

LITERARY  NOTES 503 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  504 


A  QUESTION  OF  ETHICS. 

A  passage  in  Mr.  Lecky's  recent  work, 
"The  Map  of  Life,"  has  caused  some  little  stir 
in  ecclesiastical  circles.  The  great  historian 
of  morals  takes  occasion  to  speak  of  a  biog- 
raphy of  the  late  John  Boyle  O'Reilly,  and  of 
a  eulogistic  preface  written  for  the  book  by  no 
less  distinguished  a  personage  than  Cardinal 
Gibbons.  This  action  of  the  eminent  church- 
man is  somewhat  harshly  characterized  as  be- 
ing a  condonation  of  the  crime  committed  in 
early  manhood,  which  led  to  O'Reilly's  convic- 
tion and  transportation  to  a  penal  colony.  In 
reply  to  this  criticism,  the  Cardinal  contributes 
to  the  London  "  Tablet "  the  following  state- 
ment: 

"Assuming  I  was  acquainted  with  the  facts,  Mr. 
Lecky  complained  that  I  have  not  uttered  a  single  word 
in  condemnation  of  O'Reilly's  violation  of  his  oath.  I 
feel  it  due  to  myself  and  in  the  interests  of  truth  to 
declare  that  till  I  read  Mr.  Lecky's  criticism  I  did  not 
know  O'Reilly  had  ever  been  a  Fenian  or  a  British 
soldier,  or  had  tried  to  seduce  other  soldiers  from  their 
allegiance.  In  fact,  up  to  this  moment  I  have  never 
read  a  line  of  the  biography  for  which  I  wrote  an  intro- 
duction, and  I  hope  that  the  author  of  the  life,  if  he 
comes  across  this  letter,  will  not  regard  me  as  discour- 
teous to  him  for  making  this  avowal." 

This  statement  is  so  remarkable  that  it  de- 
serves more  than  passing  attention,  for  it  in- 
volves a  question  of  the  utmost  importance  to 
the  ethics  of  literature. 

In  the  first  place,  and  by  way  of  preface,  we 
wish  to  say  that  few  men  in  the  public  life  of 
America  are  deserving  of  the  respect  and  ad- 
miration which  are  the  just  due  of  Cardinal 
Gibbons.  Not  only  as  a  leader  of  his  own 
church,  but  also  as  a  leader  in  that  wider 
sphere  which  embraces  all  the  activities  that 
go  to  the  making  of  good  citizenship  and  the 
promotion  of  social  health,  the  distinguished 
prelate  of  Baltimore  has  deserved  well  of  his 
fellow-countrymen.  Nor  would  we  willingly 
speak  harshly  of  O'Reilly,  who,  as  an  adopted 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  lived  a  blameless 
life,  and  won  an  enthusiastic  following  among 
the  better  elements  of  our  society.  But,  hav- 
ing made  all  these  reservations,  the  bare  facts 
remain  that  (1)  O'Reilly  was  once  guilty  of 
an  act  for  which  no  defense  is  possible,  (2) 
that  his  friendly  biographers  have  glossed  over 
this  act  if  they  have  not  suppressed  mention 


480 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


of  it  altogether,  and  (3)  that  his  ecclesiastical 
eulogist  wrote  the  preface  in  question,  upon 
his  own  admission,  without  knowledge  of  so 
essential  an  episode,  and  even  without  reading 
"  a  line  of  the  biography  "  for  which  he  thus 
became  a  sponsor. 

It  is  evident  that  the  plea  made  by  Cardinal 
Gibbons  in  reply  to  Mr.  Lecky's  criticism  of- 
fers no  real  defense  of  the  act  concerned,  and 
leaves  him,  if  anything,  in  worse  case  than  be- 
fore. The  matter  is  very  simple.  A  man 
whose  calling  is  such  that  he  is  bound  by  it  to 
lay  special  stress  upon  ethical  considerations 
writes  in  eulogistic  strain  of  a  character  upon 
which  a  dark  blot  has  been  fixed,  and  does  not 
take  reasonable  pains  to  find  out  whether  that 
character  is  deserving  of  unqualified  praise. 
Added  to  this  first  count  there  is  the  second, 
that  a  man  whose  position  gives  unusual  au- 
thority to  his  utterances  is  found  willing  to 
recommend  to  the  public,  by  implication  at 
least,  a  book  which  he  confesses  that  he  has 
never  read.  The  first  of  these  counts  calls  for 
no  particular  comment.  The  evidence  is  plain, 
and  there  can  be  but  one  judgment  upon  the 
duty  involved  and  the  admitted  fact  of  its 
neglect.  Upon  the  second  count  there  may 
be  some  variety  of  opinion,  for  it  opens  a 
question  which  has  many  ramifications,  and 
which  comes  peculiarly  within  the  province 
of  a  journal  devoted  to  the  interests  of  liter- 
ature. 

The  practice  of  "introducing"  books  and 
their  authors  to  the  public  begins  before  the 
act  of  publication.  Some  obscure  writer  pre- 
pares a  manuscript  for  the  press,  and  casts 
about  for  a  publisher.  He  is  apt  to  entertain 
the  delusion  that  his  chances  of  a  favorable 
hearing  will  be  enhanced  if  he  goes  upon  his 
quest  armed  with  testimonials  of  some  sort. 
With  this  idea  in  mind,  he  seeks  out  some  re- 
putable person  whose  name  is  widely  known  — 
more  frequently  a  clergyman  than  anyone  else 
—  plays  at  once  upon  the  vanity  and  the  good 
nature  of  his  victim,  and  secures  one  of  those 
vague  and  kindly  letters  with  which  editors 
and  publishers  are  so  familiar,  and  the  sight 
of  which  makes  them  so  weary.  Having  ob- 
tained these  credentials,  he  submits  his  manu- 
script and  awaits  results.  These  depend,  of 
course,  almost  solely  upon  the  merits  of  what 
he  has  to  offer,  and  not,  as  he  fondly  supposes, 
upon  the  good-will  of  the  sponsor  whom  he 
has  chosen  for  his  work.  Already  we  have  in 
this  practice  the  first  appearance  of  the  insin- 
cere professional  "  introducer,"  for  with  some 


men  the  function  is  made  almost  a  profession 
by  frequency  of  performance. 

Up  to  this  point,  no  particular  harm  is  done, 
for  editors  and  publishers  are  wary  people,  who 
have  a  cold-blooded  way  of  remaining  uninflu- 
enced by  the  warmest  of  "  introductions."  It 
is  only  in  the  case  of  actual  entry  into  print 
that  the  public  becomes  concerned  with  the 
plot,  and  the  function  of  the  "  introducer  " 
takes  on  a  questionable  ethical  aspect.  Here 
the  publisher,  no  less  than  the  writer,  is  im- 
plicated in  a  sort  of  confidence  game,  and  the 
victim  is  now  the  unsophisticated  general  reader, 
who  is  not  upon  his  guard  as  the  publisher  is 
in  the  initial  stages,  and  with  whom  the  aegis 
of  a  respected  name  really  serves  as  a  protec- 
tion and  a  commendation  for  some  work  that  is 
as  likely  as  not  to  be  intrinsically  worthless. 
Sometimes  the  imposition  takes  the  shape  of  a 
prefatory  chapter  of  commendation  or  eulogy, 
sometimes  it  assumes  the  more  insidious 
form  of  a  dedication,  "  by  personal  permis- 
sion and  with  the  greatest  respect,"  to  the 
eminent  person  selected,  sometimes  it  is  prac- 
ticed by  the  naive  insertion  of  extracts  from 
solicited  testimonials, —  but  in  all  cases  there 
is  the  same  attempt  to  create  a  favorable  pre- 
possession by  an  adventitious  appeal  to  some 
achieved  reputation. 

The  harm  in  all  these  devices  is  that  the  ap- 
proval given  or  implied  is  frequently  lacking 
in  sincerity.  So  flagrant  an  example  of  the 
abuse  as  that  which  furnishes  the  text  for  our 
present  discussion  is  not  common  enough  to  be 
typical,  but  it  shows  to  what  an  extreme  the 
abuse  may  possibly  be  carried.  We  are  will- 
ing to  credit  the  "introducer,"  as  a  rule,  with 
some  knowledge  of  the  subject  and  some  ex- 
amination of  the  book  to  which  he  lends  his 
name,  but  even  iu  the  majority  of  cases  the 
task  seems  to  be  performed  in  a  rather  per- 
functory manner.  And  how  the  name  of  the 
victim  is  exploited!  He  may  have  contributed 
no  more  than  a  page  or  two  of  platitudinous 
generalization,  but  his  name  looms  large  upon 
the  title-pages,  and  is  boldly  flaunted  in  the 
advertisements.  And  there  are,  unfortunately, 
too  many  men  of  reputable  rank  who  are  found 
willing,  whether  out  of  mere  kindliness  or  in 
return  for  a  payment  of  money,  to  allow  their 
names  to  be  so  used  as  to  product-  a  mislead- 
ing impression  concerning  the  publications  with 
which  they  are  connected.  The  instance  of 
William  Cullen  Bryant  is  a  conspicuous  one 
that  will  occur  to  the  memory  of  older  readers. 
In  the  case  of  large  collective  enterprises,  such 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


481 


as  a  dictionary,  an  encyclopaedia,  or  a  "  library 
of  literature,"  the  practice  is  growing  more  and 
more  common  to  place  some  familiar  name  or 
collection  of  names  in  the  forefront  of  the  work 
in  question,  although  these  names  represent 
little  or  none  of  the  actual  responsibility  for 
its  character.  It  is  refreshing  to  read  Mr. 
Andrew  Lang's  recent  protest  against  this  use 
of  his  name  in  connection  with  a  recent  Ameri- 
can enterprise.  He  says,  substantially,  that 
he  was  engaged  to  make  a  few  extracts  from 
Scott  for  a  "library"  of  selections  from  stand- 
ard literature,  and  that,  to  his  surprise,  his 
name  is  being  widely  and  flamboyantly  adver- 
tised as  one  of  the  editors  of  the  work. 

Even  the  grosser  supercheries  litteraires, 
which  Dumas  practiced  with  so  magnificent  an 
audacity,  are  not  unknown  in  our  own  time,  and 
represent  but  one  step  beyond  the  practices  to 
which  we  have  hitherto  referred.  It  is  an  open 
secret  among  those  having  practical  acquaint- 
ance with  literary  affairs  that  men  who  cannot 
write  at  all  sometimes  achieve  reputations  as 
brilliant  essayists.  The  desire  to  assemble 
notorieties  in  a  table  of  contents  has  led  more 
than  one  magazine  editor  to  connive  at  the  de- 
ception whereby  some  public  man  signs  his 
name  to  a  paper  prepared  for  him  by  his  lit- 
erary mercenary  or  his  private  secretary.  The 
ambitions  of  politicians  and  actors  and  mem- 
bers of  the  professions  to  shine  also  in  the 
sphere  of  literature  has  led  to  many  an  act  of 
this  sort,  and  will  continue  so  to  lead  as  long 
as  the  hirer  and  the  hired  are  willing  to  make 
terms  with  each  other,  and  the  editor  is  willing 
to  abet  the  deception.  It  is  evident  that  the 
practices  to  which  our  remarks  have  been  de- 
voted range  all  the  way  down  the  graduated 
scale  that  begins  with  what  is  barely  question- 
able and  ends  with  downright  dishonesty.  It 
is  clearly  unsafe  to  enter  upon  this  path  at  all, 
lest  one  be  tempted  to  step  lower  than  was  at 
first  anticipated.  The  literary  conscience 
should  be  at  least  as  exacting  as  the  commer- 
cial conscience,  and  those  who  derogate  from 
the  highest  possible  standard  in 'these  matters 
are  sinning  against  a  greater  light  than  is  set 
for  the  feet  of  men  whose  life  is  essentially  one 
of  action  rather  than  of  thought. 


"THE  Complete  Poetical  Works  and  Letters  of  John 
Keats,"  with  a  prefatory  memoir  by  Mr.  Horace  E. 
Scudder,  form  a  welcome  addition  to  the  "  Cambridge  " 
poets  of  Messrs.  Houghton,  Mifflm  &  Co.  We  are 
particularly  glad  to  have  the  letters  as  here  given  in 
chronological  arrangement  and  the  edition  as  a  whole 
is  of  the  most  satisfactory  sort. 


COMMUNICA  TIONS, 


ARNOLD  AS  AN  ABIDING  FORCE. 
( To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAI,.  ) 

May  I  say  through  your  columns  with  what  pleasure 
and  sympathy  I  read  Mr.  Johnson's  thoughtful  plea  for 
the  permanent  value  of  Arnold's  writings,  in  your  issue 
of  November  16?  Mr.  Johnson  quotes  for  condemna- 
tion* and  dissent  from  my  "Social  Ideals  in  English 
Letters "  the  phrase,  "  Already  we  look  back  to  Ar- 
nold's strong  and  vivid  work  as  belonging  rather  to  his- 
tory than  to  the  things  that  are."  Taken  alone,  the 
phrase  is,  to  be  sure,  sweeping  enough,  a  clumsy  and 
inadequate  expression  of  what  was  in  my  mind;  but  the 
whole  trend  of  my  treatment  of  Arnold  was  to  bring 
into  evidence,  what  it  seems  to  me  has  been  too  much 
ignored,  the  remarkable  breadth  and  solidity  of  his 
social  criticism,  its  clearness  of  insight,  and  the  curious 
prophetic  quality  it  possesses.  The  "  succes  de  scan- 
dale  "  of  Arnold's  theological  work  threw  his  social 
writings  for  a  time  into  the  shade;  but  they  have  as- 
suredly an  abiding  interest  and  suggestiveness,  and  they 
are  as  fresh  to  many  of  us  to-day  as  when  they  were 
written. 

At  the  same  time, —  quite  apart  from  anyone's  desire 
to  "  better  social  conditions,"  a  desire  which  assuredly 
should  not  affect  literary  judgments, — is  it  not  true  as 
a  matter  of  fact  that  the  mood  of  men  has  changed 
since  Arnold's  day?  Our  estimate  of  the  relative  value 
of  various  truths  is  simply  a  question  of  emphasis. 
Surely,  I  did  not  in  my  book  depreciate  the  permanent 
worth  or  the  genius  of  Arnold's  predecessors,  Carlyle 
and  Ruskin.  I  do  not  know  whether  they  are  among 
the  immortals;  I  don't  know  whether  Arnold  is.  No- 
body knows  yet,  or  will  know  for  at  least  several  gen- 
erations. But  while  criticism  refrains  from  judgment, 
heart  and  imagination,  I  am  not  ashamed  to  say,  still 
owe  allegiance  to  Carlyle  and  Ruskin,  still  owe  allegi- 
ance to  Arnold.  And  yet,  no  one  can  say  that  our  em- 
phasis to-day  falls  just  where  Carlyle  placed  it.  I 
refrain  from  characterizing  Carlyle's  attitude,  lest  some 
wounded  disciple  rise  against  me  in  anger  and  sorrow; 
but  it  is  obvious  that  we  can  no  longer  look  at  life  from 
precisely  his  point  of  view.  Just  so  with  Arnold.  Aside 
from  all  personal  sympathies,  is  it  not  evident  that  after 
1880  there  arose  a  generation  of  men  of  letters,  quite 
remote  from  the  often  hysterical,  usually  Utopian,  im- 
pulses of  the  men  of  '48,  yet  on  the  other  hand  inclined 
to  emphasize  the  value  of  audacity  rather  than  caution 
in  social  experiment  ?  Profiting  in  a  measure  by  the 
soberer  ideas  of  social  methods  fostered  in  the  long  re- 
action, they  yet  felt  that  irresolution  is  as  grave  an  in- 
tellectual danger  as  rash  and  precipitate  action,  and 
that  exclusive  harping  on  the  dangers  of  rash  action  is 
likely  to  produce  a  kind  of  academic  cowardice.  They 
did  not  deny  the  force  or  importance  of  Arnold's  teach- 
ing: they  simply  shifted  the  emphasis.  Perhaps  he 
might  have  been  with  them  had  he  been  a  man  of  their 
day.  These  men  were  and  are  our  own  contemporaries; 
the  Fabians  were  of  them;  and  I  have  been  surprised, 
in  reading  Mackail's  Life  of  William  Morris,  to  find 
much  more  serious  thought  and  significant  conviction 
than  I  had  supposed,  existing  behind  his  aesthetic  and 
emotional  revolt. 

It  is  not  easy  to  trace  these  subtle  changes  of  em- 
phasis and  of  mood  from  generation  to  generation;  per- 
haps it  is  not  worth  while.  They  may  prove  quite  un- 


482 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


important  in  the  great  drama  of  the  race.  On  the  other 
baud,  they  may  prove  to  have  more  significance  than 
we  know,  and  the  society  of  the  future  may  be  glad  that 
some  obscure  people  tried,  however  stupidly,  to  follow 
them.  We  should  be  grateful  to-day  for  sixteenth  cen- 
tury interpretations  of  the  phases  of  experience  that 
preceded  the  Reformation;  we  treasure  all  records  of 
the  shifting  convictions  which  led  up  to  the  French 
Revolution.  As  to  Arnold,  Mr.  Johnson  leans  perhaps 
a  little  to  the  "  personal "  estimate  of  his  work,  1  to  the 
"historic";  what  the  "real"  estimate  will  be  cannot 
yet  be  said.  Opinions  may  differ  as  to  whether  his  em- 
phasis is  that  most  distinctively  and  imperatively  needed 
by  the  world  just  now;  but  that  the  method  and  atti- 
tude be  inculcates  bold  permanent  and  vital  value,  I 
should  be  the  last  to  deny.  All  authors,  even  the  small- 
est, live  their  life  with  their  contemporaries,  affecting 
them  for  good  or  ill;  the  time  comes  when  they  may 
be  said  to  die  as  authors  as  they  have  died  as  men.  But 
those  who  have  in  them  something  of  the  immortal  rise 
again;  that  which  is  permanent  in  their  achievement  is 
now  set  free,  to  act  no  longer  with  the  peculiar  mag- 
netism possessed  probably  by  the  contemporary  alone, 
but  with  the  higher  efficiency  of  a  spiritual  force,  se- 
renely interacting  with  the  other  forces  which  proceed 
from  the  spirits  of  the  ever-wise  from  the  birth  of  time. 
The  contemporary  power  of  Arnold  is  rapidly  passing 
away;  but  already,  for  some  of  us,  he  is  uplifted  among 
the  illuminating  stars. 

VlDA    D.    SCUDDER. 
Botton,  MOM.,  Dec.  5, 1899. 


MR.    SARTAIN    AND    FOE. 

(To  the  Editor  of  Tax  DIAL.  ) 

I  have  no  desire  to  take  part  in  the  controversy  over 
Poe,  but  I  feel  that  a  word  of  comment  upon  your  re- 
view (Nov.  16)  of  Mr.  Sartain's  "  Recollections  of  a 
Very  Old  Man  "  is  needed.  The  reviewer  seems  to  be 
under  the  impression  that  the  book  contains  new  testi- 
mony in  regard  to  the  last  hours  of  Poe  which  contra- 
dicts statements  made  by  Professor  Woodberry.  There 
is  nothing  new  in  the  matter  quoted  at  length  by  your 
reviewer.  Mr.  Sartain  has  only  reproduced,  for  the 
most  part  word  for  word  (though  he  refrains  from  the 
use  of  quotation  marks),  what  Dr.  Moran  published  in 
his  Defense  of  Poe  in  1885.  The  statements  in  this 
Defense  are  at  variance  with  Professor  Woodberry 's 
statements,  but  they  are  also  at  variance  with  a  letter 
written  by  Dr.  Moran  himself  in  1849.  Professor 
Woodberry  was  aware  of  Dr.  Moran's  later  version,  but 
naturally  regarded  the  evidence  of  the  letter  of  1849, 
which  he  reprints,  as  the  more  trustworthy.  See  Wood- 
berry's  "  Life  of  Poe,"  American  Men  of  Letters,  p.  343; 
Dr.  J.  J.  Moran's  "Defense  of  Edgar  Allan  Poe," 

Washington,  1886.  _   XT 

A.  6.  NEWCOMER. 

Stanford  Univeriity,  Col.,  Dec.  6,  1899. 


[Sorely  the  repeated  use  of  Dr.  Moran's  name  by 
Mr.  SarUin  shows  the  fact  to  be  as  Professor  New- 
coiner  states  it.  Mr.  Sartain's  use  of  Dr.  Moran's 
material  was  cited,  not  as  new  matter,  but  as  matter 
which  seemed  quite  true  to  so  intimate  a  friend  of 
Foe's  as  Mr.  Sartain  shows  himself  to  have  been. 
Certainly  Mr.  Sartain's  acceptance  of  it  lends  it  an 
authority  it  lacked  before — EDB.  THE  DIAL.  | 


|lcto  Joohs. 


MILLAIS  AND  THE  PRE-RAPHAELITES.* 

Mr.  John  Guille  Millais'  life  of  his  father 
is  an  exceptionally  rich  and  delightful  book  — 
a  book  likely,  we  should  think,  to  provoke  de- 
nial and  perhaps  rather  heated  protest  from 
certain  quarters  in  so  far  as  it  strays  into  the 
region  of  art  politics,  but  one  whose  narrative 
charm  and  importance  as  a  contribution  to  the 
literature  of  modern  art  cannot  be  denied. 
With  the  salutary  movement  which,  about  the 
middle  of  the  century,  began  to  affect  the  Brit- 
ish school  of  painting  and  ended  by  placing  it 
anew  in  the  path  of  progress,  the  name  of  Mil- 
lais must  ever  be  intimately  and  honorably 
associated  ;  although  his  critics  have,  not  with- 
out a  certain  show  or  color  of  truth,  charged 
him  with  a  measure  of  apostasy  from  the  stand- 
ard under  which  he  battled  in  his  militant  and 
reforming  days.  A  word  about  this  movement 
and  Millais'  share  in  it  may  be  in  order  here. 

When  the  century  began,  the  influence  of  a 
great  group  of  masters  headed  by  Reynolds 
and  Gainsborough  was  still  potent  for  good 
in  British  painting,  and  men  like  Laurence, 
Hoppner,  and  Morland  were  carrying  on  the 
teaching  and  exemplifying  the  methods  of  these 
earlier  chiefs  of  the  national  school.  During 
the  first  decade,  Constable,  Crome,  Cox,  Wil- 
kie,  and  Ktty  appeared  to  prove  by  their 
achievements  the  vitality  of  British  art  and  the 
success  that  might  attend  the  efforts  of  those 
workers  who  rightly  grasped  the  aims  and  fol- 
lowed the  methods  of  their  great  predecessors 
—  who,  be  it  understood,  while  seeking  in  the 
schools  all  that  the  schools  could  give  them, 
while  reverencing  the  precepts  and  diligently 
studying  the  works  of  the  masters,  still  never 
forgot  to  turn,  as  those  masters  themselves  had 
turned,  to  Nature  as  the  source  and  wellspring 
of  all  high  and  vital  artistic  achievement.  But 
by  the  middle  of  the  century  a  blighting  change 
came  over  the  spirit  of  British  painting.  Ped- 
antry and  convention  reigned  ;  and  a  style,  a 
bastard  and  so-called  Grand  Style,  founded 
not  upon  the  study  of  Nature,  but  upon  ab- 
stractions, and  therefore  declared  to  be  essen- 
tially and  nobly  intellectual  and  imaginative 
and  free  from  the  taint  of  gross  and  trivial 


AND  LETTERS  OF  SIR  JOHN  EVBRBTT  MILLAIS, 
President  of  the  Royal  Academy.     By  his  son,  John  O.  Mil- 
lab.  Two  volume*.  Illustrated.   New  York:  P.  A.  Stokes  Co. 
SIR  JOHN  KVKKKTT  MII.LAIH:  Hin  Art  and  Influence.     By 
A.  L.  Baldry.    Illustrated.     New  York  :  The  Macmillan  Co. 


1899.] 


THE   DIAL 


483 


material  things,  swayed  the  schools  and  the 
critics.  A  strange  degeneracy  in  the  works  of 
the  English  artists  followed.  Forbidden  to  look 
upon  the  face  of  Nature  as  an  unclean  thing, 
they  sunk  into  the  slough  of  convention. 

To  save  the  national  art  from  extinction, 
drastic  measures  were  necessary,  and  the  stand- 
ard of  revolt  must  be  raised  against  the  sacro- 
sanct doctrines  about  intellectual  art,  and  the 
current  blind  worship  of  a  pompous  style,  and 
vague  and  bombastic  abstractions.  With  the 
crying  necessity  of  the  time,  and  when  matters 
were  at  their  worst,  a  group  of  young  painters 
suddenly  and  dramatically  rebelled  against  the 
solemn  pedantries  of  their  elders,  and  asserted 
with  the  courage  of  youth  their  disbelief  in  the 
creed  of  the  day,  and  their  determination  to 
revert  to  a  type  of  art  based  upon  the  closest 
study  and  imitation  of  nature,  and  hence  con- 
taining the  germs  of  great  achievement.  They 
decided  that  the  principles  which  guided  the 
earlier  masters,  and  the  observations  which  lay 
at  the  root  of  all  great  work,  were  being  delib- 
erately decried  by  modern  men,  whose  borrowed 
methods  were  bred  of  conventions  set  up  by  a 
long  line  of  degenerate  successors  of  Raphael. 
Thus  came  into  existence  that  revolutionary 
little  band  of  associates,  the  Pre-Raphaelite 
Brotherhood,  who  so  profoundly  influenced  the 
history  of  the  British  School.  Of  the  origin 
of  the  famous  "  P.  R.  B.,"  Mr.  Holman  Hunt 
favored  Mr.  Millais  with  the  following  account: 
0  It  was  in  the  beginning  of  the  year  1848  that  your 
father  and  I  determined  to  adopt  a  style  of  absolute 
independence  as  to  art-dogma  and  convention.  This 
we  called  'Pre-Raphaelitism.'  D.  G.  llossetti  was  al- 
ready my  pupil,  and  it  seemed  certain  that  he  also,  in 
time,  would  work  on  the  same  principles.  He  had  de- 
clared his  intention  of  doing  so,  and  there  was  begin- 
ning to  be  some  talk  of  other  artists  joining  us,  although 
in  fact  some  were  only  in  the  most  primitive  stages  of 
art,  such  as  William  Rossetti,  who  was  not  even  a  stu- 
dent. Meanwhile,  D.  G.  Rossetti,  himself  a  beginner, 
had  not  got  over  the  habit  (acquired  from  Madox 
Brown)  of  calling  our  art  'Early  Christian';  so  one 
day,  in  my  studio,  some  time  after  our  first  meeting,  I 
protested,  saying  that  the  term  would  confuse  us  with 
the  German  Quattro  Centists.  I  went  on  to  convince 
him  that  our  real  name  was  « Pre-Raphaelites,'  a  name 
which  we  had  already  so  far  revealed  in  frequent  argu- 
ment that  we  had  been  taunted  as  holding  opinions 
abominable  enough  to  deserve  burning  at  the  stake. 
He  thereupon,  with  a  pet  scheme  of  an  extended  cooper- 
ation still  in  mind,  amended  my  previous  suggestion 
by  adding  to  our  title  of  ' Pre-Raphaelite '  the  word 
'  Brotherhood.' " 

Rossetti  has  always  been  popularly  regarded 
as  the  leading  light  of  Pre-Raphaelitism  and 
the  chief  exponent  of  its  creed  and  methods. 
This  view  involves  a  misconception  of  the  move- 


ment, as  may  be  gathered  from  Millais'  reply 
to  his  son's  question  as  to  the  extent  of  Ros- 
setti's  influence  upon  the  style  and  character  of 
his  work.  That  he  resented  the  supposition 
that  such  influence  had  been  exerted,  is  plain. 
"  I  doubt  very  much  whether  any  man  ever  gets  the 
credit  of  being  quite  square  and  above  board  about  his 
life  and  work.  The  public  are  like  sheep.  They  fol- 
low each  other  in  admiring  what  they  don't  understand 
(Omne  ignotum  pro  magnifico),  and  rarely  take  a  man  at 
what  he  is  worth.  If  you  affect  a  mysterious  air,  and 
are  clever  enough  to  conceal  your  ignorance,  you  stand 
a  fair  chance  of  being  taken  for  a  wiser  man  than  you 
are;  but  if  you  talk  frankly  and  freely  of  yourself  and 
your  work,  as  you  know  I  do,  the  odds  are  that  any 
silly  rumor  you  may  fail  to  contradict  will  be  accepted 
as  true.  That  is  just  what  has  happened  to  me.  The 
papers  are  good  enough  to  speak  of  me  as  a  typical 
English  artist;  but  because  in  my  early  days  I  saw  a 
good  deal  of  Rossetti  —  the  mysterious  and  un-English 
Rossetti  —  they  assume  that  my  Pre-Raphaelite  im- 
pulses in  pursuit  of  light  and  truth  were  due  to  him. 
All  nonsense!  My  pictures  would  have  been  exactly 
the  same  if  I  had  never  seen  or  heard  of  Rossetti.  I 
liked  him  very  much  when  we  first  met,  believing  him 
to  be  (as  perhaps  he  was)  sincere  in  his  desire  to  further 
our  aims  —  Hunt's  and  mine  —  but  I  always  liked  his 
brother  William  much  better.  D.  G.  Rossetti,  you  must 
understand,  was  a  queer  fellow,  and  impossible  as  a 
boon  companion  —  so  dogmatic  and  so  irritable  when 
opposed.  His  aims  and  ideals  in  art  were  also  widely 
different  from  ours,  and  it  was  not  long  before  he 
drifted  away  from  us  to  follow  his  own  peculiar  fancies. 
What  they  were  may  be  seen  from  his  subsequent  works. 
They  were  highly  imaginative  and  original  and  not 
without  elements  of  beauty,  but  they  were  not  nature. 
At  last,  when  he  presented  for  our  admiration  the 
young  women  which  have  since  become  the  type  of  Ilos- 
settianism,  the  public  opened  their  eyes  in  amazement. 
'And  this,'  they  said,  'is  Pre-Raphaelitism!'  It  was 
nothing  of  the  sort.  The  Pre-Raphaelites  had  but  one 
idea  —  to  present  on  canvas  what  they  saw  in  nature  ; 
and  such  productions  were  absolutely  foreign  to  the 
spirit  of  their  work." 

At  first,  the  significance  of  the  Pre-Raphael- 
ite movement  was  lost  upon  the  general  public? 
and  Millais'  painting  of  "  Lorenzo  and  Isa- 
bella," exhibited  at  the  Academy  in  1849? 
failed  to  provoke  the  onslaught  of  the  critics? 
although  it  asserted  plainly  enough  his  adher- 
ence to  the  new  art  heresy.  In  the  following 
year  the  short-lived  "  Germ  "  was  issued  ;  and 
when,  in  the  spring  of  1850,  the  next  batch  of 
Pre-Raphaelite  productions  was  exhibited  the 
storm  burst.  Its  fury  was  chiefly  directed 
against  Millais  as  the  ablest  and  therefore  the 
most  dangerous  of  the  group  of  innovators. 
His  chief  pictures,  "Ferdinand  Lured  by 
Ariel "  and  "  Christ  in  the  House  of  His 
Parents,"  were  attacked  with  a  bitterness  and 
an  unscrupulous  disregard  of  their  obvious  tech- 
nical merits  that  plainly  indicated  the  alarm  of 
the  supporters  and  beneficiaries  of  the  old  sys- 


484 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


tern.  But  the  attack  of  1850  was  mild  com- 
pared with  the  frenzy  of  the  following  year, 
when  it  was  found  that  the  Brotherhood,  so 
far  from  bending  to  the  storm  of  abuse,  were 
quite  ready  to  go  to  even  greater  lengths  than 
before  in  the  pictorial  avowal  of  their  revolt 
against  the  established  order.  Millais  was 
defiantly  to  the  fore  with  his  "  Return  of  the 
Dove  to  the  Ark "  and  "  Mariana  in  the 
Moated  Grange "  ;  and  it  was  he,  again,  as 
the  heresiarch  and  preraphaelite  enrage,  who 
bore  the  brunt  of  the  assault.  The  chief  wea- 
pon used  against  him  was  misrepresentation. 
According  to  one  type  of  the  arguments  em- 
ployed, "  Pre-Raffleism  "  was  "  a  dodge,"  a 
bid  for  notoriety,  and  Millais  had  thrown  him- 
self into  the  movement  merely  to  get  himself 
advertised  and  to  win  the  sort  of  distinction 
that  attaches  to  eccentricity.  Other  writers 
gravely  hinted  that  his  art  was  sinister  and 
reactionary  in  aim,  and  savored  of  black  Jesu- 
itry and  the  wiles  of  Rome.  "  Christ  in  the 
House  of  His  Parents,"  in  fine,  was  "  an 
avowal  of  medieval  superstition,  a  piece  of 
Romanist  propagandism  designed  to  pervert 
the  morals  and  upset  the  religious  convictions 
of  the  community."  This  time,  however,  the 
cry  of  "  No  Popery "  was  so  obviously  and 
ludicrously  a  false  alarm  that  the  British  pub- 
lic turned  a  deaf  ear  to  it.  Undoubtedly  the 
unsparing  and  perhaps  deliberately  over- 
strained realism  of  the  "  Christ  in  the  House 
of  His  Parents  "  did  shock  a  great  many  peo- 
ple, and  was  regarded  by  them  as  a  species  of 
pictorial  blasphemy.  This  view  was  fairly  ex- 
pressed by  the  writer  in  the  "  Literary  Gazette," 
who  flatly  denounced  the  picture  as  "  a  name- 
less atrocity  supposed  to  represent  a  verae  of 
Zecharia."  He  went  on  to  say : 

"  A  miserable  carpenter's  shop  with  two  children  em- 
bracing in  front  of  the  bench,  and  a  naked  distorted 
boy  on  the  right  side,  are  presented  to  us  as  high  art, 
in  which  there  is  neither  taste,  drawing,  expression,  or 
genius.  And  yet  this  style  pertains  to  an  imitative 
school,  which,  the  sooner  it  is  sent  back  to  the  dry  ness 
and  wretched  matter-of-fact  of  old  times  will  be  the 
better.  Such  things  are  simply  disagreeable,  if  not 
worse,  and  neither  can  be  called  the  true  end  of  the 
fine  arts." 

Another  critic  of  this  positivistic  and  matter- 
of-fact  conception  of  the  Holy  Family  kindly 
wound  up  his  tirade  of  contumely  by  observing 
"  We  have  great  difficulty  in  believing  a  report 
that  this  unpleasing  and  atrociously  affected 
picture  has  found  a  purchaser  at  a  high  price"; 
and  he  then  went  on  to  pay  his  respects  to  the 
*'  Ferdinand  Lured  by  Ariel,"  as  follows : 


'•  Another  specimen  from  the  same  brush  inspires 
laughter  rather  than  disgust.  A  Ferdinand  of  most 
ignoble  physiognomy*  is  being  lured  by  a  pea-green 
monster,  intended  for  Ariel,  whilst  a  row  of  sprites, such 
as  it  takes  a  Millais  to  devise,  watch  the  operation  with 
turquoise  eyes.  It  would  occupy  more  room  than  the 
thing  is  worth  to  expose  all  the  absurdity  and  imperti- 
nence of  this  work." 

These  sufficiently  venomous  assailants  of  the 
little  band  of  revolutionaries  seem  to  have  taken 
their  cue  from  the  "  Times,"  which  hounded 
them  on,  and  demanded  that  "  no  quarter  "  be 
given  to  Millais  and  his  friends.  Referring  to 
Millais'  ••  Mariana,"  it  proceeded  to  say  : 

41  These  young  artists  have  unfortunately  become  no- 
torious by  addicting  themselves  to  an  antiquated  style 
and  an  affected  simplicity  in  painting.  .  .  .  We  can 
extend  no  toleration  to  a  mere  senile  imitation  of  the 
cramped  style,  false  perspective,  and  crude  color  of 
remote  antiquity.  We  do  not  want  to  see  what  Fuseli 
termed  drapery  'snapped  instead  of  folded,'  faces 
bloated  into  apoplexy,  or  attenuated  skeletons;  color 
borrowed  from  the  jars  in  a  druggist's  shop,  and  ex- 
pression forced  into  caricature." 

It  was  the  above  criticism  in  the  Times  that 
drew  into  the  arena  the  doughty  champion  of 
the  Brotherhood,  whose  powerful  onset,  skill 
of  fence,  and  mastery  of  his  theme,  presently 
turned  the  tide  of  battle,  gave  pause  to  the 
flood  of  mere  unthinking  abuse,  and  gradually 
awoke  the  general  public  to  the  fact  that  in  the 
decried  and  derided  Pre-Raphaelitism  lay  the 
germ  of  great  achievement  and  of  the  revival 
of  the  national  art  —  Mr.  Ruskin.  The  battle 
was  not  won  at  once ;  but  the  tone  of  even  ad- 
verse criticism  gradually  changed,  new  adher- 
ents gathered  to  the  support  of  the  once  de- 
spised cause,  and  the  truth  that  underlay  the 
doctrines  and  shone  through  the  sometimes 
eccentric  and  affected  performances  of  the 
young  painters  prevailed  in  the  end.  As  the 
smoke  of  strenuous  battle  slowly  cleared  away, 
and  it  became  clear  that  the  despotic  rule  of 
academic  pedantry  and  convention  was  broken, 
a  change  came  over  the  style  and  methods  of 
Millais.  For  ten  years,  about  the  period  of 
militant  Pre-Raphaelitism,  he  adhered  in  his 
work  to  the  letter  of  the  creed.  But  as  the 
necessity  for  the  defiant  and  literal  assertion 
in  his  canvasses  of  the  principles  of  the  sect 
passed  away,  and  with  it  the  combative  mood 
of  the  zealous  and  persecuted  propagandist,  he 
began  to  abandon  the  rigid  and  elaborate  nat- 
uralism, or  literalism,  of  his  earlier  efforts, 
and  to  drift  toward  the  breadth,  the  sug- 
gestiveness,  the  riotous  freedom  of  touch  and 


•  Thin  WM  donbtleM  pleasant  for  Mr.  F.  O.  Stephens,  who 
sat  for  Ferdinand.  mod  whose  "  physiognomy  "  wu  portrayed 
with  Pre-Raphaelite  accuracy. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


485 


treatment  that  mark  and  ennoble  his  later  and 
more  characteristic  works.  There  was  no 
swerving  in  his  devotion  to  truth  and  nature, 
but  the  transition  in  the  mode  of  expression, 
though  gradual,  is  pronounced.  It  is  a  far 
cry  indeed  from,  say,  "  Sir  Isumbras  at  the 
Ford,"  that  quaint  and  elaborate  piece  of  as- 
sertive Pre-Raphaelitism,  to  such  canvasses  as 
the  "  Souvenir  of  Valasquez."  Millais  was  a 
practical  man,  a  thoroughly  modern  man  in 
his  pursuits  and  way  of  thinking.  He  craved 
success,  substantial  and  tangible  success,  and 
he  sought  it  by  the  path  which  alone  leads  to 
it.  There  is  no  doubt  that  he  popularized,  so 
to  speak,  his  art ;  but  he  did  not  vulgarize  it. 
His  pictures  are  refinement  itself,  wonderfully 
executed  withal,  but  a  child  can  enjoy  them. 
At  the  exhibitions,  a  painting  by  Millais  had 
always  its  crowd  of  admirers  before  it;  and 
their  admiration  was  spontaneous  and  sincere. 
He  painted  for  the  public,  and  he  painted  the 
sort  of  pictures  the  public  could  understand 
and  like  —  and  which  would  sell.  His  works 
are  eminently  English ;  they  commonly  tell  a 
little  story,  convey  a  bit  of  sentiment  or  illus- 
trate a  well-known  incident  in  literature.  Their 
technical  merit  is  great;  but  their  appeal  is 
always  a  dual  one — the  appeal  to  the  few  who 
can  appreciate  the  skill  of  the  artist  and  his 
mastery  of  tools  and  material  and  technical 
process,  and  to  the  many  who  see  nothing  in  a 
picture  save  its  theme.  Millais  was  far  and 
away  the  most  popular  of  latter-day  English 
painters  —  a  capable,  sound,  naturally  gifted, 
and  rarely  versatile  painter,  but  hardly,  we 
imagine,  destined  in  the  future  to  be  accounted 
a  painter  of  high  and  original  genius. 

In  writing  the  life  of  his  father,  Mr.  Guille 
Millais  has  had  the  advantage  of  an  unusually 
attractive  and  fruitful  subject.  Millais  was  a 
thoroughly  wholesome,  genial,  and  manly  char- 
acter, preeminently  a  man  with  the  social  gift 
and  the  faculty  of  winning  friends.  Into  the 
story  of  his  career  is  unavoidably  woven  the 
richly  anecdotal  record  of  his  professional  and 
personal  association  with  the  celebrities  of  his 
time.  It  was  the  fashion  to  be  painted  by 
Millais,  just  as  it  had  been  the  fashion  to  be 
painted  by  Reynolds.  The  chiefs  of  the  world 
of  politics,  of  literature,  of  fashion,  sat  to  him 
as  a  matter  of  course;  and  wherever  Millais 
found  a  sitter  he  made  a  friend.  Of  these  con- 
nections of  his  father's  Mr.  Millais  has  freely 
availed  himself,  and  his  pages  are  brightened 
with  many  a  capital  story  of  men  and  women 
of  whom  the  world  likes  to  read.  The  real 


importance  of  the  book  lies,  of  course,  in  the 
fact  that  the  name  of  Millais  is  the  greatest 
and  most  significant  one  in  the  history  of  mod- 
ern English  painting.  That  history  cannot  be 
told  without  reference  to  the  influence  and 
achievements  of  Sir  John  Everett  Millais. 

In  a  thoughtful  and  discriminative  little 
book  that  may  be  read  to  advantage  in  con- 
nection with  the  lively  and  reminiscential  nar- 
rative of  Mr.  Guille  Millais,  Mr.  A.  L.  Baldry, 
a  competent  art  writer  of  a  rather  philosoph- 
ical turn,  discusses  the  work  of  Millais  and  its 
bearing  upon  the  artistic  trend  and  production 
of  his  time.  Disclaiming  the  intention  of  go- 
ing in  detail  into  the  personal  history  of  Mil- 
lais, though  he  sets  forth  in  a  special  chapter 
the  essential  biographical  facts,  Mr.  Baldry 
proceeds  to  weigh  and  analyze  the  result  of  his 
intervention,  as  an  artist,  in  the  aesthetic  move- 
ments embraced  within  the  period  of  his  career. 
The  story  of  Pre-Raphaelitism  is  outlined,  and 
its  import,  aim,  and  ultimate  effect  are  satis- 
factorily brought  out,  although,  of  course, 
there  is  not  much  said  of  the  movement  except 
in  so  far  as  it  was  embodied  in  the  career  of 
Millais.  A  general  introductory  chapter  on 
the  history  of  the  British  School  of  painting 
paves  the  way  for  a  due  appreciation  of  that 
famous  episode  —  which  was,  be  it  said,  not 
altogether  without  its  ridiculous  side,  and  of 
which  its  heroes  seemed  in  their  riper  years  to 
be  just  a  little  ashamed.  Rossetti,  especially, 
the  least  amiable  of  the  mystic  original  trio, 
came  finally  to  seriously  resent  any  mention  of 
the  P.  R.  B.  In  1880,  as  his  brother  records, 
he  said  testily  to  Mr.  Caine : 

"  As  for  all  the  prattle  about  Pre-Raphaelitism,  I  am 
weary  of  it,  and  long  have  been.  Why  should  we  go 
on  talking  about  the  visionary  vanities  of  half-a-dozen 
boys  ?  What  you  call  the  movement  was  serious  enough, 
but  the  banding  together  under  that  title  was  all  a 
joke." 

To  a  lady  who,  about  1870,  innocently  asked 
him  if  he  was  "  the  Pre-Raphaelite  Rossetti," 
he  testily  replied,  "  Madam,  I  am  not  an  *  ite' 
of  any  kind;  I  am  only  a  painter."  But,  adds 
his  brother,  "  it  is  not  the  less  true  that  in 
1848  and  for  some  years  afterwards  he  meant 
a  good  deal  by  calling  himself  Pre-Raphaelite, 
and  meant  it  very  heartily." 

Mr.  Baldry's  book  presents  a  very  good  re- 
view of  Millais'  purely  professional  career, 
and  it  is  copiously  and  attractively  illustrated. 
There  is  a  chronological  list  of  paintings  re- 
printed from  Mr.  M.  H.  Spielmann's  "  Millais 
and  his  Friends." 

£i.    vr.    J . ' 


4H6 


THE    DIAL, 


[Dec.  16, 


MAKIN*.    MIR  MOST  OF  LIFE.* 

The  author  of  the  "  History  of  European 
Morals,"  the  "  History  of  Rationalism,"  and 
"  Democracy  and  Liberty,"  has  now  issued  an- 
other work,  which  will  add  to  his  already  con- 
siderable reputation.  The  subject  of  this  latest 
book,  although  nowhere  explicitly  stated,  is, 
in  effect,  "  How  to  make  the  most  of  life."  The 
point  of  view  is  somewhat  Baconian  in  assum- 
ing throughout  the  interest  of  the  individual  as 
paramount  in  the  discussion. 

After  consideration  of  the  value  of  reason- 
ing upon  happiness,  and  the  different  means  of 
attaining  it,  the  author  accepts,  with  some  qual- 
ification, the  English  method  of  seeking  happi- 
ness through  improved  circumstances.  A  few 
general  rules  follow,  including  Carlyle's  gospel 
of  work,  and  Ovid's  •*  [In]  medio  tutissimus 
ibis."  But  the  Utilitarian  philosophy  is  found 
insufficient :  virtue  is  not  to  be  identified  with 
happiness,  notwithstanding  their  intimate  rela- 
tion. Unselfish  interests  are  commended,  de- 
spite the  harm  that  has  been  done  in  the  world 
by  disproportioned  compassion.  Different  ages 
have  had  different  moral  standards,  the  moral 
influences  of  the  present  being  much  more 
various  and  complex  than  in  the  past.  Our 
civilization  is  primarily  an  industrial  civiliza- 
tion, and  our  current  virtues  (as  prudence,  and 
the  like)  are  the  result  rather  of  Industrialism 
than  of  Christianity.  Science,  too,  has  affected 
our  judgments  of  right  and  wrong.  While  the 
world  will  never  greatly  differ  about  the  essen- 
tial elements  of  right  and  wrong,  there  is  likely 
to  be  a  steadily  increasing  tendency  to  judge 
courses  of  conduct  mainly  by  the  degree  in  which 
they  promote  or  diminish  human  happiness. 
Our  moral  judgments  are  extremely  fallible 
when  we  attempt  to  measure  degrees  of  guilt, 
and  therefore  our  criminal  code  should  be  con- 
fined as  much  as  possible  to  acts  which  more 
directly  injure  others.  Human  nature  is  neither 
essentially  depraved  uor  essentially  perfect : 
the  origin  of  evil  lies  mainly  in  the  weakness 
of  the  distinctively  human  quality,  and  the 
chief  need  is  a  restraining  conscience,  in  the 
absence  of  which  law  and  society  are  called 
upon  to  impose  the  needed  restraint.  Political 
and  commercial  dishonesty  are  publicly  con- 
doned in  a  degree  which  raises  a  doubt  whether 
social  morality  in  England  and  America  has 
not  seriously  retrograded  in  these  respects. 

•  THB  HAP  o»  Lori :  Conduct  and  Character.  By  William 
Edward  HartpoU  Ucky.  N«w  York:  Longman.,  GrMn, 
A  Co. 


Yet  moral  compromise  is  one  of  the  great 
lessons  of  life.  In  the  fictitious  conventions  of 
society,  in  the  suspensions  of  the  moral  law 
exemplified  in  war,  in  the  swerving  from  strict 
right  on  the  part  of  the  advocate  and  the  judge, 
in  the  adherence  of  statesmen  to  a  political 
party  while  voting  for  the  details  of  law-making, 
in  the  adjustment  of  conflicting  religious  beliefs 
and  forms  of  worship  in  the  church  itself, —  in 
all  these  fields  of  human  activity  there  exists, 
and  there  must  exist,  a  compromise  between  the 
moral  ideal  and  the  existing  circumstances. 

A  chapter  follows  upon  the  management  of 
character,  commending  a  happy  childhood,  ap- 
plauding athletics  in  moderation,  and  approv- 
ing that  kind  of  education  which  acts  upon  the 
desires  and  the  will.  "  Money,"  "  Marriage," 
"  Success,"  "  Time,"  and  "  The  End,"  are  the 
captions  that  follow.  Money  is  a  genuine  ele- 
ment of  happiness,  but  its  value  in  this  regard 
decreases  rapidly  in  proportion  to  its  amount. 
"  Whatever  else  marriage  may  do  or  fail  to  do, 
it  never  leaves  a  man  unchanged,"  and  so 
should  be  approached  with  consideration  which 
shall  take  account  of  all  the  facts.  Success 
depends  upon  character  more  than  upon  for- 
tune, and  upon  tact  as  much  as  upon  either. 
If  time  be  spent  proportionately  in  work  and 
pleasure  and  sleep,  life  will  prove  long  enough  ; 
and  death  is  not  to  be  dreaded,  nor  to  be  un- 
duly thought  of :  as  long  as  a  man  is  living 
right,  he  may  leave  the  end  to  take  care  of  itself. 

It  is  impossible,  in  thus  briefly  stating,  fre- 
quently in  the  author's  own  words,  some  of  the 
main  ideas  in  a  book  like  this,  to  do  justice  to 
his  details  and  his  perspective.  In  particular, 
the  judicial  quality  of  mind  that  marks  all  Mr. 
Lecky's  thinking,  and  the  multitude  of  his 
historical  references,  past  and  contemporary, 
elude  such  a  summary. 

Among  the  subsidiary  ideas  that  strike  the 
reader  is  the  statement  that  the  diminution  of 
disease  and  the  prolongation  of  average  human 
life  that  have  been  achieved  by  medical  science 
are  not  necessarily  accompanied  by  a  corre- 
sponding improvement  in  the  general  health  of 
the  people ;  one  cause  of  this  state  of  things 
being  the  saving  of  the  lives  of  children  consti- 
tutionally weak,  who  thus  grow  up  and  propa- 
gate feeble  offspring.  Again,  vivisection  is 
defended,  and  also  field  sports  that  involve  the 
destruction  of  animals.  In  the  Irish  land  legis- 
lation of  Gladstone  and  his  followers,  the  sym- 
pathy of  the  writer  is  strongly  on  the  side  of 
the  landlords,  who  have  been  deprived  of  their 
rights  of  contract  by  parliamentary  proceedings 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


487 


which  are  characterized  as  fraudulent.  The 
author's  farthest  departure  from  a  judicial  atti- 
tude is  exemplified  in  frequent  derogatory  ref- 
erence to  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  though 
even  here  it  is  but  just  to  say  that  facts  are 
commonly  cited  to  confirm  the  position  taken. 
Those  phases  of  Anglican  ritual  that  approach 
the  Roman  ceremonial  are  deplored,  while  full 
recognition  is  given  to  the  conspicuous  place 
the  Anglican  clergy  has  taken  in  English  liter- 
ature, poetry  and  prose.  The  military  unrest 
that  pervades  Europe  is  summarized  in  a  single 
pithy  sentence :  "  After  eighteen  hundred 
years'  profession  of  the  creed  of  peace,  Christ- 
endom is  an  armed  camp." 

The  American  reader  will  note  that  the  num- 
ber of  young  men  of  ability  preparing  for  the 
service  of  the  English  Church  is  said  to  be 
diminishing,  and  will  compare  this  testimony 
with  the  evidence  on  this  side  the  Atlantic  that 
the  hold  of  the  Church  upon  the  people  is  re- 
laxed, whatever  be  the  cause.  He  will  contrast 
the  "  aggravated  treachery  and  perjury  "  as- 
cribed herein  to  John  Boyle  O'Reilly  with  the 
action  of  Boston  in  1896  in  accepting  an  artistic 
monument  to  this  Irish  poet-patriot,  to  remain 
in  her  public  ways  so  long  as  the  stone  shall 
endure.  And  he  will  note  with  pleasure,  in  a 
discussion  of  the  ethics  of  war,  the  following 
tribute  to  American  humanity  : 

"  The  great  civil  war  in  America  probably  contrib- 
uted not  a  little  to  raise  the  standard  of  humanity  in 
war;  for  while  few  long  wars  have  been  fought  with 
such  determination  or  at  the  cost  of  so  many  lives,  very 
few  have  been  conducted  with  such  a  scrupulous  ab- 
stinence from  acts  of  wanton  barbarity." 

It  is  fitting  that  the  quality  of  this  note- 
worthy book  should  be  judged  by  one  or  two 
further  extracts,  chosen  with  intention  to  give 
specimens  of  the  author's  method  of  handling  a 
subject,  and  his  rhetorical  style.  First,  we  will 
take  a  passage  representing  reflection  upon  a 
general  topic,  which,  however,  will  suggest 
actual  American  conditions : 

"  There  is  one  belief,  half  unconscious,  half  avowed, 
which  in  our  generation  is  passing  widely  over  the 
world  and  is  practically  accepted  in  a  very  large  meas- 
ure by  the  English-speaking  nations.  It  is  that  to 
reclaim  savage  tribes  to  civilization,  and  to  place  the 
outlying  dominions  of  civilized  countries  which  are  an- 
archical or  grossly  misgoverned  in  the  hands  of  rulers 
who  govern  wisely  and  uprightly,  are  sufficient  justifi- 
cation for  aggression  and  conquest.  Many  who,  as  a 
general  rule,  would  severely  censure  an  unjust  and  un- 
provoked war,  carried  on  for  the  purpose  of  annexation 
by  a  strong  Power  against  a  weak  one,  will  excuse  or 
scarcely  condemn  such  a  war  if  it  is  directed  against  a 
country  which  has  shown  itself  incapable  of  good  gov- 
ernment. To  place  the  world  in  the  hands  of  those  who 


can  best  govern  it  is  looked  upon  as  a  supreme  end. 
Wars  are  not  really  undertaken  for  this  end.  The 
philanthropy  of  nations  when  it  takes  the  form  of  war 
and  conquest  is  seldom  or  never  immixed  with  selfish- 
ness, though  strong  gusts  of  humanitarian  enthusiasm 
often  give  an  impulse,  a  pretext,  or  a  support  to  the  cal- 
culated actions  of  statesmen.  But  when  wars,  however 
selfish  and  unprovoked,  contribute  to  enlarge  the  bound- 
aries of  civilization,  to  stimulate  real  progress,  to  put 
an  end  to  savage  customs,  to  oppression,  or  to  anarchy, 
they  are  now  very  indulgently  judged  even  in  the  many 
cases  in  which  the  inhabitants  of  the  conquered  Power 
do  not  desire  the  change  and  resist  it  strenuously  in  the 
field." 

Again,  as  a  bit  of  description  of  a  concrete 
fact,  somewhat  surprising  to  those  unacquainted 
with  the  English  method  of  taking  a  "division  " 
of  a  vote  in  Parliament,  this  may  be  quoted : 
"  Every  member  of  Parliament  is  familiar  with  the 
scene,  when,  after  a  debate,  carried  on  before  nearly 
empty  benches,  the  division  bell  rings,  and  the  mem- 
bers stream  in  to  decide  the  issue.  There  is  a  moment 
of  uncertainty.  The  questions  '  Which  side  are  we  ? ' 
1  What  is  it  about  ? '  may  be  heard  again  and  again. 
Then  the  Speaker  rises,  and  with  one  magical  sentence 
clears  the  situation.  It  is  the  sentence  in  which  he  an- 
nounces that  the  tellers  for  the  Ayes  or  Noes,  as  the 
case  may  be,  are  the  Government  whips.  It  is  not  argu- 
ment, it  is  not  eloquence,  it  is  this  single  sentence  which 
in  countless  cases  determines  the  result  and  moulds  the 
legislation  of  the  country." 

Mr.  Lecky's  book  shows  the  result  of  wide 
reading.  Among  the  writers  with  whom  the 
author  shows  familiarity  are  Tocqueville,  Hugo, 
Rousseau,  Mme.  de  Stael,  among  the  French ; 
Goethe,  of  the  Germans ;  Shakespeare,  Tenny- 
son, Lamb,  Swift,  Gibbon,  Darwin,  Hamerton, 
Mrs.  Browning,  and  Cardinal  Newman,  of 
British  writers ;  and  of  Americans,  Emerson, 
Franklin,  Cable,  and  Hawthorne.  Of  the 
thinkers  of  an  earlier  day,  reference  is  made 
to  Plato,  Tacitus,  Seneca,  Propertius,  Marcus 
Aurelius,  and  Thomas  Aquinas.  Carlyle  has 
been  read  with  peculiar  appreciation,  which  is 
proved  not  only  by  the  frequent  mention  of 
this  author  by  name,  but  also  by  the  assimila- 
tion of  Carlylean  thoughts  and  phrases.  The 
book  is  plainly  the  mature  product  of  a  mind 
accustomed  to  view  and  reflect  upon  life  in  the 
many  phases  of  its  present  and  past  activity. 
It  is  seldom  that  one  gets  a  sweep  of  vision 
that  includes,  on  the  one  hand,  the  Reforma- 
tion and  its  concomitants,  and  on  the  other  so 
recent  events  as  the  Jameson  raid  and  the 
Dreyfus  case.  Seldom  is  philosophical  reflec- 
tion so  combined  with  a  mastery  of  concrete 
details,  in  a  result  which,  whatever  the  reader's 
opinions,  will  awaken  his  thought  and  increase 
his  knowledge. 

D.  L.  MAULSBY. 


488 


HIE    DIAL, 


[Dec.  16, 


TIIK  EGYPT  OF  TO-DAY.* 


•  •  He  who  has  once  tasted  the  water  of  the 
Nile,  longs  for  it  inexpressibly  forevermore  " — 
so  runs  the  Arab  proverb ;  and  to  read  Mr.  Pen- 
field's  book  on  «*  Present-Day  Egypt,"  so  ad- 
mirably published  by  the  Century  Co.,  is  to 
feel  the  proverb's  meaning.  We  have  plenty 
of  guide- books  and  histories  dealing  with  Egypt, 
but  this  volume  is  neither  a  guide-book  nor  a 
history.  It  is,  rather,  a  collection  of  impres- 
sions, appreciations,  facts,  opinions,  and  de- 
scriptions, arranged  in  a  somewhat  desultory 
fashion,  and  often  showing  less  literary  than 
other  merits.  Perhaps  it  gives  a  truer  unity 
of  impression  for  its  very  miscellaneity.  For 
where  else  in  the  world  can  we  find  the  equal 
of  Egypt  for  thriving  under  that  which  is  in- 
consistent and  unsystematic?  The  volume 
boasts  no  great  descriptive  charm,  yet  it  is  vivid 
and  certainly  enables  one  to  get  something  of 
life  in  Cairo  and  Alexandria.  Of  course  there 
is  the  Egypt  of  the  scholar,  and  its  glories,  like 
the  light  upon  the  Mokattam  Hills,  are  always 
upon  the  Egypt  of  the  tourist.  Of  the  two 
Egypts,  Mr.  Penfield  gives  us  the  latter.  He  is 
not  an  archaeologist  by  trade,  and  he  handles 
history  a  trifle  generously  —  as  when  he  allows 
Plutarch  to  become  a  contemporary  of  Cleo- 
patra. His  interests  are  those  of  the  man  of 
affairs  ;  and  while  he  does  admirably  share  with 
his  readers  something  of  the  opera  bouffe  that 
is  one  element  of  Egyptian  life  to-day,  at  bottom 
he  is  more  concerned  with  the  complicated  prob- 
lem of  Egyptian  administration.  It  is  his  com- 
ment upon  this  subject  which,  in  the  light  of 
his  peculiarly  advantageous  position  as  Diplo- 
matic Agent  of  the  United  States,  gives  the 
book  value  to  the  student  of  modern  history. 

The  administration  of  Egypt  to-day  is  prob- 
ably the  most  remarkable  of  any  country  of  its 
size  and  importance.  Because  of  bankruptcy 
resulting  from  the  conscienceless  "  promotion  " 
of  the  Suez  Canal  by  De  Lesseps,  and  the  fab- 
ulous prodigality  of  Ismail  Pasha,  Egypt  is 
really  governed  by  several  European  countries, 
though  the  Khedive  has  a  nominal  independ- 
ence, limited  only  by  his  loose  relations  with 
Turkey.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  country  has 
really  gone  into  the  hands  of  a  receiver  —  En- 
gland —  who,  in  the  person  of  Lord  Cromer,  is 
managing  all  of  its  affairs.  Thanks  to  this 

•  PKKUXT-DAT  EOTTT.  By  Frederick  Courtland  Penfield, 
U.  S.  Diplomatic  Agent  and  ConsuI-General  to  Egypt,  1893- 
97.  Illustrated  by  Paul  Philip  Poleanx  and  K.  Talbot  Kelly, 
and  from  photographs  New  York :  The  Century  Co. 


receivership,  Egypt  is  growing  rich.  Its  fella- 
heen are  getting  to  be  landed  proprietors  in  a 
small  way ;  the  Delta  is  covered  with  cotton, 
the  Nile  is  lined  with  sugar  factories,  and  its 
waters  are  even  now  being  dammed  into  new 
serviceability  to  agriculture  and  electricity  ; 
the  railroad,  which  will  soon  run  from  Cairo  to 
Khartum  —  if  not  to  Cape  Town  —  already 
clears  fifty-seven  per  cent  of  its  gross  income  ; 
while  the  exports  have  risen  from  fifty-five 
millions  in  1880  to  sixty-six  millions  in  1896. 
These  results  of  English  occupation  make  one 
look  with  interest  for  Mr.  Penfield's  judgment 
upon  the  matter.  It  is  candid,  and,  to  say  the 
least,  certainly  does  not  rest  upon  Anglomania. 
Mr.  Penfield  is  a  friend  of  Khedive  Abbas, 
and  one  feels  throughout  the  book  an  effort  to 
keep  from  expressing  certain  sentiments  con- 
cerning England's  general  attitude.  Nor  are 
criticisms  upon  England's  administration  want- 
ing. But  notwithstanding  all  this,  Mr.  Pen- 
field  says : 

"  Is  Egypt  capable  of  self-government  ?  The  can- 
dor prompting  one,  after  long  and  disinterested  study 
of  Egyptian  matters  in  the  country  itself,  to  say  that 
England  has  performed  her  self-appointed  task  better 
than  any  other  nation  could  have  performed  it,  likewise 
compels  one  to  state  frankly  that  Egypt  is  not  capable 
of  complete  self-government  at  the  present  time,  for  she 
has  no  class  of  officials  trained  in  the  higher  ranges  of 
administrative  work.  No  other  nation  should  ever  be 
permitted  to  supplant  England  as  administrator  or 
'  occupier '  certainly  "  (p.  333). 

It  is  such  judgments  as  this  —  and  one  meets 
them  frequently —  that  give  the  volume  a  value 
quite  above  its  descriptions  and  anecdotes.  In 
Mr.  Penfield's  opinion,  English  "  occupancy  " 
has  proved  beneficial  to  Egypt  in  almost  every 
particular,  and  would  (so  it  is  fair  to  interpret 
some  of  his  statements)  be  even  more  beneficial 
if  the  anomalous  international  courts  and  offi- 
cials were  abolished.  As  to  the  future,  he  is 
cautious  but  equally  candid.  With  the  com- 
pletion of  the  great  dam  at  Assuan,  the  tillable 
area  of  Egypt  will  be  greatly  increased,  and 
England  will  be  all  the  less  likely  to  give  up 
what  she  has  so  sturdily  won. 

"  A  dozen  years  hence,  all  that  portion  of  the  Nile 
valley  from  the  Mediterranean  to  Khartum  and  farther 
south  will  be  represented  in  school-books  as  a  pendant 
from  Britain's  red  girdle  of  the  globe.  How  it  is  to  be 
accomplished,  legally  and  morally,  is  a  matter  regard- 
ing which  I  do  not  conjecture.  In  time,  something  may 
'  turn  up '  helpful  to  the  legal  aspect  of  England's  posi- 
tion in  Egypt." 

And  may  we  not  venture  to  hope  that  the  moral 
aspect  as  well  will  be  recognized  ?  Is  there  not 
certain  to  be,  sooner  or  later  in  international 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


489 


law,  a  sort  of  "  right  of  eminent  domain  "  that 
will  not  allow  an  unprogressive,  selfish,  or  mis- 
governed little  nation  to  stand  in  the  way  of 
universal  progress  ?  The  idea  may  be  visionary, 
but  any  careful  reader  of  Mr.  Penfield's  book 
will  certainly  feel  that  the  interference  of  En- 
gland in  Egypt,  so  violent  and  questionable  at 
the  start,  and  to-day  so  much  at  variance  with 
the  proclamations  of  Wolseley  and  Seymour 
during  the  Arabi  rebellion,  is  a  strong  argu- 
ment in  its  favor.  At  all  events,  the  volume 
itself  is  timely  and  worthy  of  being  widely  read. 
SHAILER  MATHEWS. 


VARIOUS  ASPECTS  OF  HAWAII.* 

The  many  lines  of  interest  which  converge 
in  the  cosmopolitan  life  of  the  Hawaiian  Is- 
lands make  it  possible  to  present  their  story 
from  different  points  of  view.  This  is  well  ex- 
emplified in  the  many  recent  books  upon  the 
subject. 

Lieutenant  Lucien  Young,  of  the  United 
States  Navy,  was  on  the  "  Boston,"  stationed 
at  Honolulu  for  seven  months  prior  to,  and  also 
following,  the  overthrow  of  the  Hawaiian  mon- 
archy. Believing  that  the  Blount  report  un- 
fairly represented  the  diplomatic  and  naval 
officers  of  the  United  States,  he  requested  per- 
mission to  print  his  account  of  the  incident,  but 
was  denied  the  privilege.  This  has  since  been 
granted  by  Secretary  Long,  and  his  report  was 
published  as  "  The  '  Boston '  at  Hawaii,"  a  re- 
vised and  enlarged  edition  of  which  is  now  at 
hand  under  the  title  "  The  Real  Hawaii."  The 
book  is  crammed  full  of  descriptive  matter  of 
an  unusually  wide  range  from  the  point  of  view 
of  a  very  observant  naval  officer.  While  much 
of  this  is  not  new,  it  is  unusually  complete  and 
is  tersely  told ;  and  an  appendix  of  statistical 
data  adds  further  to  its  usefulness.  Of  espe- 
cial interest  are  the  chapters  upon  the  natural 
resources  of  the  country  and  upon  land  tenure. 
The  main  feature  of  the  book,  however,  is  the 
narrative  of  the  Revolution,  which  gives  not  a 
little  inside  history  of  the  events  which  cul- 
minated in  the  overthrow  of  the  monarchy. 

*THE  REAL  HAWAII.  By  Lucien  Young,  U.S.  N.  New 
York  :  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co. 

HAWAII  NEI.  By  Mabel  Craft.  San  Francisco :  William 
Doxey. 

THE  TRANSFORMATION  OF  HAWAII.  By  Belle  M.  Brain. 
Chicago :  Fleming  H.  Revell  Co. 

THE  MAKING  OF  HAWAII.  A  Study  in  Social  Evolution. 
By  William  Fremont  Blackman.  New  York :  The  Mac- 
millan  Co. 


This  is  minutely  related  with  especial  reference 
to  the  charges  subsequently  made  against  Min- 
ister Stevens  and  Captain  Wiltse.  The  blunt 
sincerity  of  the  tale  will  at  least  go  far  toward 
confirming  the  opinions  of  the  author's  fellow 
partisans.  He  is  confessedly  an  advocate,  and 
spares  no  pains  to  advance  his  case  and  to  be- 
little his  opponents.  Barring  this  excess  of 
zeal  and  some  uneliminated  repetitions,  the 
book  is  a  welcome  addition  to  the  literature  of 
the  subject. 

Miss  Mabel  Craft  represented  some  of  the 
leading  American  newspapers  in  the  Islands 
during  the  last  days  of  the  Republic,  and  in 
her  "  Hawaii  Nei  "  she  writes  of  recent  events 
and  of  the  more  picturesque  phases  of  Hawai- 
ian life.  Her  book  is  interesting  —  indeed, 
there  is  not  a  dull  page  in  it ;  and  her  well- 
chosen  themes  are  not  hackneyed.  A  keen  eye 
for  the  picturesque,  a  facile  pen,  and  a  piquant 
style  assist  her  sympathetic  portrayal  of  the 
wronged  native,  the  oppressed  laborer  from  the 
Orient,  and  the  persecuted  witch-doctor,  and 
add  spice  to  her  righteous  indignation  at  the 
millionaire  missionaries  with  their  chill  New 
England  ways  who  have  invaded  this  Eden. 
Miss  Craft  has  evidently  taken  her  cue  from 
the  stratum  of  Honolulu  society  which  was  in 
favor  at  the  court  of  the  recent  queen  —  a  point 
of  vantage  for  access  to  certain  phases  of  Ha- 
waiian life  which  she  alone  of  recent  writers 
has  fully  portrayed.  But  there  are  other  circles, 
alike  of  native  and  of  Anglo-Saxon  constitu- 
ency, whose  acts  and  motives  she  neither  ade- 
quately understands  nor  justly  portrays,  and  too 
often  indiscriminately  condemns.  Discerning 
readers  will  enjoy  her  book,  though  they  may 
smile  at  her  zeal  for  her  friends,  and  may  be 
compelled  at  times  to  adjust  her  rhetoric  to  the 
facts  of  history.  The  illustrations  are  new, 
appropriate,  and  well  executed. 

In  her  "  Transformation  of  Hawaii,"  Miss 
Belle  M.  Brain  has  prepared  for  young  readers 
a  brief  account  of  the  work  of  evangelical  mis- 
sions among  the  Hawaiian  people.  The  book 
contains  well-selected  descriptive  matter,  and 
more  than  the  usual  reference  to  the  native 
tongue.  The  story  of  the  great  religious  awak- 
ening of  1837  to  1843  comes  from  a  sympa- 
thetic pen.  The  relation  of  Hawaiian  missions 
to  similar  work  among  other  Polynesian  and 
among  Micronesian  peoples  is  explained,  and 
the  interesting  history  of  the  children's  mis- 
sionary ship,  "  The  Morning  Star,"  is  told  at 
length.  The  entrance  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
mission  is  described,  but  those  who  seek  a  full 


490 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


account  of  the  present  religious  status  in  the 
islands  must  look  elsewhere  —  for  example,  to 
Professor  Blackman's  book  —  for  statistics 
showing  the  spread  of  Catholicism  and  Mor- 
monism,  and  for  an  account  of  the  revival  of 
paganism  and  the  defection  from  and  present 
decline  of  the  native  evangelical  churches  due 
to  social  and  political  causes.  The  author  has 
failed  to  portray  the  survival  of  the  missionary 
spirit  and  the  varied  religious  and  philan- 
thropic agencies  still  at  work  in  the  transfor- 
mation of  these  islands. 

From  these  books  of  passing  interest,  one 
turns  with  pleasure  to  the  substantial  and  schol- 
arly work  of  Professor  Blackman  upon  "  The 
Making  of  Hawaii."  It  is  a  serious  study  of 
the  social  and  economic  conditions  of  the  prim- 
itive Hawaiian  race,  and  of  the  introduction 
and  rapid  growth  of  the  institutions  of  Western 
civilization  in  the  midst  of  a  population  of  ever 
increasing  complexity.  We  quote  from  his 
preface : 

"  The  Hawaiian  Islands  afford  better  facilities,  per- 
haps, than  any  other  field  for  a  study  of  some  important 
social  problems.  This  fact  is  due  to  the  blending  there 
of  the  temperate  and  tropical  climates;  the  admixture 
of  divers  and  widely  different  races;  the  contact  of 
civilized  and  native  peoples  under  unique  conditions, 
and  with  results  in  some  respects  unexampled,  and  in 
all  respects  instructive;  the  collision  of  the  Christian, 
the  secular,  and  the  pagan,  each  in  very  vital  forms; 
the  rapid  evolution  from  a  primitive  to  a  highly  devel- 
oped condition  of  the  four  fundamental  and  perduring 
social  institutions,  the  family,  the  Church,  the  State, 
and  property;  the  control  of  industries  by  corporations, 
to  an  unusual  degree;  the  close  juxtaposition  in  recent 
years  of  the  wealthy  few  and  a  poor  multitude, —  and 
all  this  within  narrow  and  manageable  limits  of  time,  of 
area,  and  of  population." 

The  author  divides  his  subject  into  the  earlier, 
middle,  and  later  periods,  the  last  constituting 
the  greater  part  of  his  work  and  treating  of 
present-day  problems  of  general  interest.  A 
spirit  of  unusual  candor  pervades  his  treatment 
of  the  missionary  movement,  and  its  successes 
and  failures  in  the  moral,  religious,  and  ethical 
regeneration  of  a  people  of  low  ideals  debased 
by  contact  with  the  vices  of  Anglo-Saxon  civil- 
ization. The  growth  of  constitutional  law  and 
the  legal  code  is  traced  from  the  chaotic  con- 
ditions of  the  early  feudal  life  to  the  annexa- 
tion of  the  republic.  Land  tenures  and  the 
distribution  of  land  holdings  are  treated  very 
fully,  while  the  commercial  and  industrial 
development  is  discussed  more  fully  than  in  any 
recent  work.  The  causes  of  the  decline  of  the 
native  race  are  inquired  into,  and  the  Asiatic 
invasion  is  condemned.  In  the  matter  of  con- 


tract labor,  the  pros  and  cons  of  which  are 
impartially  given,  the  author  is  inclined  to 
think  that  white  labor  has  not  yet  had  a  fair 
trial,  and  that  better  wages  and  a  better  class 
of  labor  are  not  impossible  under  present  eco- 
nomic conditions.  The  author  is  also  sanguine 
as  to  the  success  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  in  tropical 
colonization,  at  least  in  these  islands.  The 
work  is  to  be  commended  for  the  spirit  of  can- 
dor in  which  all  vexed  and  debatable  questions 
are  discussed,  for  the  breadth  of  view  with 
which  topics  of  wide  import  are  treated,  for  the 
perspective  manifest  in  the  choice  of  material 
presented,  and  for  the  thoroughness  with  which 
the  task  has  been  completed.  It  is  a  standard 
work  for  all  who  wish  a  judicial  estimate  of 
the  social,  economic,  and  political  factors  at 
work  in  the  making  of  American  civilization  in 
the  Hawaii  of  to-day. 

CHARLES  A.  KOFOID. 


RECENT  FICTION.* 


A  new  era  seems  to  have  dawned  in  our  Amer- 
ican historical  fiction.  During  the  last  year  or  two, 
the  subject  of  the  American  Revolution  has  been 
dealt  with  by  three  writers  upon  a  largeness  of  scale 
and  with  a  wealth  of  equipment  that  quite  outdis- 
tance the  sketchy  and  episodical  narratives  to  which 
we  have  hitherto  been  accustomed,  and  which  takes 
us  back,  in  one  direction,  to  "  The  Spy,1'  and  in 
another  to  "  The  Virginians."  Of  Dr.  Mitchell's 
"Hugh  Wynne"  and  Mr.  Churchill's  "Richard 
Carvel "  we  have  already  spoken  at  some  length ; 
our  third  novel  is  Mr.  Paul  Leicester  Ford's  "  Jan- 
ice Meredith."  The  whole  subject  of  the  Revolu- 

•  JANICK  MBKKDITH.  A  Story  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion. By  Paul  Leicester  Ford.  New  York:  Dodd,  Mead  A  Co. 

ACTIVE  SBBVICB.  A  Novel.  By  Stephen  Crane.  New 
York:  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co. 

A  CONFIDENT  TO-MOBBOW.  A  Novel  of  New  York.  By 
Brander  Matthews.  New  York  :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

A  DRAMA  IN  SUNSHINE.  A  Novel.  By  Horace  Annesley 
Vachell.  New  York  :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

HKNBT  WOBTHINOTON,  IDEALIST.  By  Margaret  Sher- 
wood. New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

DlONTBIUS     THE      WsAVEB'S      HKART'8      DEABEST.       By 

Blanche  Willis  Howard.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner'a 
Sons. 

RED  POTTAGE.  By  Mary  Cholmondeley.  New  York: 
Harper  &  Brothers. 

THE  HITMAN  INTEREST.  A  Study  in  Incompatibilities. 
By  Violet  Hunt.  Chicago :  Herbert  S.  Stone  &  Co. 

THE  KINO'S  MIBBOB.  A  Novel.  By  Anthony  Hope. 
New  York :  D.  Apple  ton  A  Co. 

YOUNO  APRIL.  By  Egerton  Castle.  New  York:  The 
Macmillan  Co. 

MIRANDA  OF  THE  BALCONY.  A  Story.  By  A.  E.  W. 
Mason.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

PARSON  KELLY.  By  A.  E.  W.  Mason  and  Andrew  Lang. 
New  York :  Longmans,  Green,  A  Co. 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


491 


tion  is  too  complex  to  be  brought  readily  within  the 
scope  of  a  single  work  of  fiction,  if  anything  like 
unity  of  plot  is  to  be  preserved,  and  Mr.  Ford  has 
done  wisely  in  not  attempting  so  much  as  that.  But 
his  work  does  cover,  and  with  reasonable  thorough- 
ness, these  phases  of  the  struggle  that  were  centred 
about  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  together  with 
the  closing  years  of  the  campaign  in  the  South. 
And  we  feel  an  unusual  confidence  in  our  guide 
through  this  tangle  of  battle,  of  military  plot  and 
counterplot,  from  the  fact  of  his  thorough  scholar- 
ship, so  well  approved  by  his  numerous  books  of  a 
more  formal  historical  character.  Mr.  Ford  em- 
bodies the  rare  combination  of  a  wide  and  accurate 
knowledge  of  the  facts  of  history  with  the  peculiar 
talents  of  the  novelist.  His  characters  are  drawn 
to  the  life,  although  it  must  be  admitted  that  he  is 
a  shade  less  successful  with  the  figures  he  takes 
from  history  than  with  those  whom  his  imagination 
creates.  His  Janice  is  one  of  the  most  winsome 
of  creatures,  feminine  to  the  finger-tips,  and  spark- 
ling with  animation.  The  hero  is  hardly  less  attrac- 
tive in  his  sterner  way,  and  the  whole  group  of 
private  characters  about  whom  the  story  centres 
are  made  very  real  to  us  by  the  creative  skill  of  the 
writer,  deftly  reinforced  as  it  is  at  so  many  points 
by  bits  of  antiquarian  fact  and  flashes  of  light  upon 
colonial  ways  of  thinking  and  living.  The  closest 
parallelism  which  the  work  suggests  is  with  that 
fine  novel  of  an  earlier  period,  Miss  Mary  Johnston's 
"  Prisoners  of  Hope."  In  both  cases  the  hero  is  a 
"  redemptioner  "  loved  by  the  daughter  of  a  master 
who  has  all  the  crusted  prejudices  of  a  gentleman 
of  the  old  school.  The  likeness  of  the  two  books 
in  this  respect  is  too  striking  to  be  overlooked.  But 
Mr.  Ford  need  not  be  offended  by  this  comparison, 
for  he  would  be  the  first  to  recognize  the  excellences 
of  the  book  which  he  calls  to  mind.  Beyond  this, 
his  treatment  is  his  own,  and  we  have  to  thank  him 
most  cordially  for  his  picture  of  a  stirring  time  and 
a  great  action.  Few  novels  of  the  year  will  be 
likely  to  equal  "  Janice  Meredith  "  either  in  interest 
or  in  wholesome  instructiveness. 

Recollections  of  that  study  in  chromatic  emotion, 
«  The  Red  Badge  of  Courage,"  and  of  the  ineffec- 
tual pieces  of  realism  by  which  it  was  followed,  have 
not  led  us  to  expect  work  of  any  sort  of  real  inter- 
est and  value  from  Mr.  Stephen  Crane.  His  repu- 
tation seems  to  have  risen  like  a  rocket  amid  the 
glare  of  colored  fires,  and  come  down  to  earth  like 
.the  proverbial  stick.  It  is,  then,  with  considerable 
surprise  that  we  find  in  "  Active  Service  "  a  novel 
which,  while  not  exactly  meritorious  according  to  a 
serious  standard,  is  at  least  readable  and  entertain- 
ing>  by  virtue  of  having  a  real  story  to  tell,  and  of 
telling  it  with  much  effectiveness.  The  story  is  of 
an  American  journalist  in  love  with  the  daughter 
of  a  college  professor.  The  professor  takes  his 
family  to  Greece,  together  with  a  class  of  archaeo- 
logical students,  and  gets  into  a  position  of  much 
difficulty  by  reason  of  the  war  with  Turkey.  The 
journalist  constitutes  himself  a  relief  expedition,  for 


personal  reasons  no  less  than  for  the  glory  of  his 
"  yellow  "  newspaper,  extricates  the  party  from  the 
clutches  of  the  Turk,  and  marries  the  young  woman. 
The  story  is  not  without  grave  faults.  The  profes- 
sor is  a  caricature,  and  his  students  are  of  the  slangy 
sort  that  would  never  by  any  possibility  be  found 
members  of  such  a  party  as  is  described.  The  jour- 
nalist is  an  example  of  the  "  smart "  and  unscrup- 
ulous type  developed  by  the  most  objectionable  sort 
of  newspaper  enterprise,  and  the  young  woman  for- 
feits our  sympathies  by  caring  at  all  for  such  a 
fellow.  But  the  story  has  consecutive  development 
and  abundance  of  excitement,  for  which  qualities  it 
may  be  exempted  from  complete  condemnation. 

"  A  Confident  Tomorrow,"  the  latest  novel  by 
Mr.  Brander  Matthews,  is  everywhere  charming, 
although  in  no  respect  to  be  characterized  as  pow- 
erful. It  is  a  story  of  New  York  society,  and  of 
the  career  of  a  young  man  from  the  West  who  seeks 
his  fortune  in  the  field  of  letters.  The  crudity  of 
his  culture,  when  he  makes  his  early  appearances 
upon  the  scene,  appears  to  us  a  little  overdone,  and 
it  is  something  of  a  strain  to  believe  that  even  a 
young  man  from  Topeka  would,  under  all  the  cir- 
cumstances, accept  social  invitations  upon  postal 
cards,  or  think  ready-made  clothing  the  proper  ap- 
parel for  evening  entertainments.  The  somewhat 
colorless  young  woman  with  whom  he  promptly  falls 
in  love  is  not  depicted  with  an  attractiveness  so 
convincing  as  to  account  for  his  passion,  and  when 
the  affair  is  settled  between  them  at  the  end,  it 
rather  takes  us  by  surprise.  But  of  the  lighter 
graces  of  fiction-writing  Mr.  Matthews  has  enough 
and  to  spare.  The  bit  of  decorative  incident,  the 
humorous  or  pathetic  episode,  the  easy  small  talk 
of  office  and  drawing-room,  all  these  things  are  done 
to  the  life,  done  almost  as  well  as  Mr.  Howells 
could  do  them,  and  this  finished  sort  of  detail  is 
what  constitutes  the  real  charm  of  the  novel.  The 
literary  "shop"  talk,  which  is  necessarily  intro- 
duced over  and  over  again,  is  absolutely  convincing 
in  its  naturalness,  and  provides  the  novel  with  one 
of  its  most  satisfactory  features. 

Mr.  Horace  Annesley  Vachell  has  promptly  fol- 
lowed up  his  recent  success  with  "  The  Procession 
of  Life  "  by  a  new  novel  of  California  entitled  "  A 
Drama  in  Sunshine."  The  new  book  is  a  story  of 
land-speculation  and  the  unscrupulous  methods  by 
which  the  foundations  of  more  than  one  Calif ornian 
fortune  have  been  laid  during  the  last  fifty  years. 
The  character  of  the  heroine  is  the  principal  achieve- 
ment of  the  novel,  and  her  purity  and  strength  go 
far  to  soften  its  otherwise  sordid  and  repellant 
theme.  The  man  upon  whom  she  bestows  her  love 
is  a  weak  creature,  ethically  considered,  although 
he  stands  in  the  eyes  of  the  world  as  the  type  of 
aggressive  will  and  outward  success.  At  the  end, 
some  sort  of  moral  regeneration  seems  to  be  begin- 
ning in  him,  as  he  is  brought  face  to  face  with  the 
danger  of  losing  the  woman  whom  he  has  at  last 
learned  to  value  at  her  true  worth.  There  is  much 
vivid  description  in  the  work,  and  an  excellent  sense 


492 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


of  dramatic  effect  We  are  brought  into  close  con- 
tact with  the  realities  —  some  of  which  are  grim 
indeed  —  of  the  fresh  and  feverish  life  of  the  far 
West,  and  we  feel  that  this  life,  at  least  in  certain 
of  its  more  obvious  phases,  has  found  in  the  author 
a  stronger  and  more  clear-sighted  exponent  than  it 
has  hitherto  had  save  in  the  person  of  Mr.  Bret 
Harte.  Mr.  Vachell's  style  is  thus  far  too  nervous 
and  direct  to  allow  of  the  higher  finish,  but  even 
in  this  respect  he  has  been  gaining  rapidly  since  his 
first  publications,  and  there  seem  to  be  in  him  the 
makings  of  a  novelist  of  the  better  sort. 

Sermons  in  the  guise  of  fiction  have  been  over- 
much our  lot  in  recent  years,  but  we  do  not  often 
have  to  reckon  with  a  tract  so  unabashed  as  "  Henry 
Worthington,  Idealist"  It  might  have  for  its  sub- 
title "  an  argument  in  defence  of  the  Consumers' 
League  and  a  protest  against  educational  endow- 
ments of  questionable  origin."  Indeed,  some  such 
prefatory  heralding  of  its  purpose  seems  almost 
morally  obligatory  in  this  case,  for  Miss  Margaret 
Sherwood,  the  author  of  the  book,  has  an  excep- 
tional command  of  the  literary  graces,  and  the 
power  to  make  a  dull  theme  attractive  by  virtue  of 
keeping  fast  hold  of  the  fundamental  human  inter- 
ests concerned.  Her  book  is  an  intensely  feminine 
production,  feminine  in  its  many  minute  details  and 
in  the  exaggeration  of  sentiment  wherewith  it  is 
infused.  It  turns  upon  a  university  endowment 
provided  by  a  merchant  whose  gains  are  derived 
from  a  system  of  department  stores  in  several  large 
cities.  The  social  and  economic  evils  attendant 
upon  this  form  of  gainful  occupation  are  pictured 
with  passionate  indignation  rather  than  with  calm 
acceptance  of  all  the  facts  involved,  and  when  the 
merchant  sets  aside  a  portion  of  his  wealth  for  ed- 
ucational uses,  he  encounters  the  earnest  opposition 
of  a  young  teacher  in  the  favored  institution,  who 
investigates  the  origins  of  this  wealth  and  denounces 
its  acceptance  by  the  university  as  the  condonation 
of  a  crime.  As  a  matter  of  course,  this  youthful 
idealist  is  promptly  dismissed  by  the  trustees ;  but 
compensation  comes  to  him  with  the  love  of  the 
merchant's  daughter,  who  views  her  father's  wealth 
with  a  like  abhorrence.  We  say  as  a  matter  of 
course,  meaning  simply  that  the  demands  of  the 
writer's  scheme  make  this  outcome  imperative,  and 
not  that  such  a  dismissal,  made  in  such  a  way, 
has  much  inherent  probability.  There  has  been 
much  talk  of  this  sort  of  persecution  during  re- 
cent years,  but  we  are  inclined  to  doubt  that  such 
things  really  occur,  and  we  are  quite  sure  that  they 
never  occur  as  here  described  —  in  other  words, 
that  college  professors  in  good  standing  are  dis- 
missed from  their  posts  in  secret  session,  and  with- 
out even  knowing  that  they  are  being  arraigned, 
because  their  teaching  differs  from  the  opinions 
held  by  the  authorities.  The  thing  is  so  overdone  by 
the  present  novelist  that  her  book  loses  all  real 
force.  Written  with  the  best  of  intentions,  and 
inspired  by  the  finest  of  idealism,  it  is  not  dispas- 
sionate enough  to  carry  weight,  and  the  evils  whirh 


it  assails  require  a  more  careful  analysis  than  they 
are  here  given.  We  wish  in  closing  to  pay  a  re- 
newed tribute  to  the  noble  spirit  of  the  work  whirh 
Miss  Sherwood  has  sought  to  do,  and  to  the  skill 
in  characterization  which  makes  her  book  so  read- 
able, despite  its  lack  of  intellectual  balance  and  its 
excess  of  emotionalism.  [~  ~~| 

The  posthumous  novel  of  Mr*.  Blanche  Willis 
Howard  von  Tenfel  deserved  a  better  title  than  the 
awkward  "  Dionysius  the  Weaver's  Heart's  Dear- 
est," which  is  as  Teutonic  in  its  ungainliness  as 
much  of  the  dialogue  which  it  contains.  The  dia- 
logue has  this  character  of  necessity,  because  it  be- 
longs to  a  group  of  Swiss  peasants,  whose  rude, 
direct  form  of  speech  is  reproduced  with  admirable 
fidelity.  It  is  a  simple  story,  almost  wholly  con- 
cerned with  one  person,  the  beloved  daughter  of 
the  weaver,  and  the  heroine  of  whatever  plot  the 
story  may  be  admitted  to  possess.  It  is  the  life- 
story  of  this  girl,  of  her  successful  career,  her  one 
error,  and  her  atonement.  She  has  her  own  notions 
of  right  and  wrong,  and  refuses  to  allow  her  life  to 
be  utterly  wrecked  by  a  single  act  of  wrongdoing. 
Her  independence  and  directness  of  character,  her 
native  scorn  of  the  shams  encouraged  by  conven- 
tional society,  and  her  determination  to  live  her  own 
life  in  accordance  with  her  own  standards  of  con- 
duct, are  presented  to  the  reader  with  singularly 
appealing  force,  and  admiration  for  her  virtues  is 
mingled  with  pity  for  her  fault.  The  book  is  not 
of  the  writer's  best,  and  has  numerous  pages  that 
might  easily  be  spared,  but  the  story  which  it  has 
to  tell  commends  itself  to  all  honest  sympathies. 

It  is  some  time  before  the  reader  comes  to  under- 
stand why  Miss  Cholmondeley's  "  Red  Pottage  " 
should  be  (as  it  seemingly  is)  the  English  novel  of 
the  year.  The  caprices  of  public  taste  in  such  mat- 
ters are  so  inexplicable  that  one  is  inclined,  by  the 
time  he  gets  half  through  with  the  book,  to  ascribe 
its  vogue  to  some  such  popular  vagary  as  that  which 
not  so  long  ago  singled  out  "  Trilby,"  and  more 
recently  "  David  Harum,"  for  such  ephemeral  dis- 
tinction. The  situations  outlined  seem  strained, 
and  the  style  is  far  from  impeccable.  Moreover, 
the  interest,  which  at  first  is  sharply  focuseed  upon 
a  certain  character,  becomes  diverted  into  numerous 
secondary  channels,  and  the  reader  grows  singu- 
larly impatient.  But  as  the  story  is  pursued  to  the 
end,  and  the  threads  so  long  left  loose  are  gathered 
up  into  a  single  tragic  knot,  and  the  writer's  powers 
of  characterization  become  more  and  more  firmly 
established,  and  a  relentless  destiny  finally  asserts 
its  controlling  and  implacable  claims  upon  all  the 
lives  concerned,  a  revision  of  the  earlier  opinion  is 
forced  upon  us ;  we  are  compelled  to  recognize  the 
strength  of  the  work,  and  its  success  is  made  ration- 
ally intelligible.  The  point  of  honor  upon  which 
the  plot  all  hangs  is  an  artificial  one,  and  it  may  be 
held  that  fate  deals  too  harshly  with  the  hero  for 
his  sin,  but  according  to  the  conventional  code  of 
the  society  in  which  he  lives,  there  is  no  other  pos- 
sible outcome.  Yet  if  poetic  justice  is  thus  inex- 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


493 


orably  worked  out  in  the  one  case,  we  can  but  feel 
that  its  hand  is  unduly  stayed  in  the  case  of  the  other 
criminal  (of  so  different  a  sort !)  who  is  simply  a 
fool,  and  who  escapes  chastisement  because  he  is  one. 
The  contrast  between  these  two  offenders  is  one  that 
extends  to  other  characters  of  the  novel,  and  which 
divides  them  sharply  into  two  classes  —  those  whose 
lives  are  made  up  of  thought  and  feeling,  and  those 
who  live  vegetable  existences,  never  knowing  what 
it  is  to  think  clearly  or  to  feel  sincerely.  There  is 
something  impressive  in  the  tragic  irony  that  invests 
the  life  of  the  clergyman  who  figures  so  largely  in 
this  story,  and  makes  him  the  instrument  of  a  trag- 
edy which  he  can  never  even  remotely  comprehend. 
The  chapter  which  deals  with  this  episode  is  fitly 
headed  with  the  motto, "  Les  sots  sont  plus  a  craindre 
que  les  me'chants."  We  would  not  convey  the  idea 
that  the  novel  is  all  gloom.  So  far  from  having 
this  exclusive  attribute,  it  is  enlivened  to  a  notable 
degree  with  flashes  of  quiet  humor,  and  gentle 
touches  of  social  satire.  And  it  is  a  book  which 
engages  the  closest  attention,  whether  for  its  minor 
incidents  or  for  the  larger  lines  upon  which  it  is 
constructed. 

To  write  comedy  which  shall  skirt  the  borders  of 
tragedy  without  once  overstepping  the  boundary 
line  is  no  easy  task,  but  this  is  what  Miss  Violet 
Hunt  has  done,  and  done  with  charming  success,  in 
"The  Human  Interest."  We  get  very  close  to  the 
danger-point  in  one  scene,  but  even  then  the  situa- 
tion is  saved  by  the  opportune  death  of  a  husband 
who  is  distinctly  in  the  way,  both  of  his  wife  and 
of  the  novelist's  plans.  This  device  is  a  trifle  banal, 
but  banality  is  the  last  attribute  to  be  credited  to 
Miss  Hunt's  work  as  a  whole,  for  that  work  offers 
audacious  groupings,  epigrammatic  dialogue,  and 
general  sprightliness  of  manner,  all  of  which  quali- 
ties combine  to  make  a  book  in  which  hardly  one 
dull  page  is  to  be  found. 

Kings  have  always  figured  largely  among  the 
heroes  of  romantic  fiction.  Their  exalted  station, 
and  the  artificial  splendors  that  hedge  them  about, 
have  proved  irresistible  magnets  to  the  imagina- 
tions of  novel-writers  and  to  the  interests  of  novel- 
readers.  Given  an  attractive  kingly  personality  for 
the  central  figure,  and  the  success  of  a  romance  was 
already  half-assured.  But  the  king  as  a  psycho- 
logical type,  as  a  special  character-study  to  be 
viewed  from  within,  is  a  comparatively  new  devel- 
opment in  fiction.  The  interest  with  which  such  a 
character  may  become  invested  in  the  hands  of  a 
master-craftsman  of  letters  is  evident  enough  to 
those  who  are  familiar  with  Herr  BjOrnson's  "  Kon- 
gen  "  and  Heer  Couperus's  "  Majesteit."  It  also 
becomes  evident  in  the  latest  novel  of  Mr.  "  Anthony 
Hope,"  entitled  "  The  King's  Mirror."  The  naive 
question  put  in  "  Huckleberry  Finn,"  "  How  much 
does  a  king  get?"  is  typical  of  the  new  curiosity 
about  kings  which  such  books  as  these  serve  to 
gratify.  "  The  King's  Mirror  "  takes  the  form  of 
an  autobiographical  narrative  in  which  the  life  of 
royalty,  from  childhood  to  maturity,  the  conditions 


and  prescriptions  which  set  a  king  apart  from  other 
men,  are  set  forth  with  much  insight  and  human 
sympathy.  This  is  the  life-story  of  a  real  king,  not 
of  a  puppet  like  the  ruler  of  Buritania,  and  it  is  told 
with  convincing  truthfulness.  It  is  much  the  finest 
piece  of  work  that  the  author  has  thus  far  done, 
although  we  must  warn  its  readers  that  it  provides 
less  of  mere  entertainment  than  his  earlier  ro- 
mances. But  it  certainly  marks  an  advance  in  his 
art,  and  in  the  power  of  his  appeal  to  the  serious 
intelligence. 

Mr.  Egerton  Castle's  "  Young  April "  is  also,  in 
part,  a  book  about  a  king,  but  here  the  interest  is 
purely  romantic,  and  nothing  in  the  nature  of 
psychological  insight  is  for  a  moment  displayed. 
The  escapade  of  a  young  English  nobleman,  just 
emancipated  from  tutorial  thraldom,  and  plunged 
into  the  intrigues  of  a  petty  German  principality, 
forms  the  theme  of  this  captivating  tale.  A  group 
of  deeply  interesting  characters,  both  men  and 
women,  set  in  a  variety  of  passionate  interrelations, 
hold  the  attention  absorbed,  until  a  brief  month  is 
past,  and  the  scene  dissolves.  It  is  a  romance  of 
the  springtime  of  life  —  when  a  few  weeks  may 
hold  in  quintessence  all  the  reality  vouchsafed  to  a 
whole  lifetime,  and,  having  taken  flight,  leave  noth- 
ing behind  but  the  embers  of  passion,  and  "  a  world 
of  memories  and  sighs."  The  diction  of  this  book 
is  strange  and  beautiful,  riotous  in  its  expression  of 
surging  emotion,  and  marred  only  now  and  then  by 
some  infelicitous  word,  some  Gallic  construction, 
some  sense  of  incongruity  arising  from  an  occasional 
realistic  brush-stroke  upon  the  imaginative  canvas. 
But  it  is  not  pleasant  to  be  over-critical  in  the  pres- 
ence of  such  full-blooded  romance,  and  the  book  has 
so  many  exquisite  pages  that  the  few  lapses  from 
its  inherent  idealism  may  well  be  permitted  to  pass 
unmentioned.  It  is  a  book  to  enjoy  and  not  to 
dissect. 

In  writing  "  The  Courtship  of  Morice  Buckler," 
Mr.  A.  E.  W.  Mason  proved  himself  one  of  the  best 
of  our  contemporary  romantic  novelists,  and  his 
name  upon  a  title-page  is  an  unquestionable  pass- 
port to  popular  favor.  The  name  now  reappears 
upon  two  title-pages,  that  of  "  Miranda  of  the  Bal- 
cony," where  it  stands  alone,  and  that  of  "  Parson 
Kelly,"  where  it  is  associated  with  the  name  of  Mr. 
Andrew  Lang.  A  close  comparative  study  of  these 
two  books  would  yield  some  interesting  results.  Mr. 
Mason's  own  unaided  work  is  a  tale  of  Englishmen 
and  Moors  with  a  Spanish  setting.  It  offers  a  great 
variety  of  incident,  skilfully  handled,  although  re- 
lying too  much  for  the  loosening  of  its  knots  upon 
those  coincidences  and  contretemps  that  rarely  hap- 
pen in  real  life,  and  that  strain  the  credulity  of 
readers  well  nigh  to  the  breaking  point.  The  loose 
threads  of  the  plot  are  in  the  end  most  ingeniously 
interwoven,  and  the  product  is  undeniably  enter- 
taining. The  romance  has,  moreover,  an  impres- 
sive degree  of  virile  strength,  and  is  constructed 
with  such  economy  of  material  that  it  must  be  read 
carefully  in  order  to  avoid  missing  some  essential 


494 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


link  in  the  narrative.  In  the  joint  work  of  Mr. 
Mason  and  Mr.  Lang,  on  the  other  hand,  there  is 
a  tendency  to  indulge  in  episodical  matter  that  is 
not  so  essential  to  the  development  of  the  story, 
and  the  setting  of  the  whole,  while  still  romantic, 
is  also  historical,  and  more  conscientiously  histor- 
ical than  is  usually  the  case  with  books  of  this  sort. 
In  a  word,  "  Parson  Kelly  "  is  a  romance  of  the 
Jacobite  plottings  of  the  quarter-century  that  led  np 
to  the  Forty- Five,  and  the  minute  historical  detail 
must  be  credited  to  Mr.  Lang,  whose  intimate  ac- 
quaintance with  the  subject  is  equalled  by  few  pro- 
fessional historians.  To  him,  also,  must  be  credited 
many  a  quip,  conceit,  and  scholarly  allusion,  all  of 
which  bear  the  unmistakable  stamp  of  his  peculiar 
talent  These  matters  supply  the  very  salt  of  the 
work,  and,  although  Mr.  Mason's  name  takes  the 
first  place  upon  the  title-page,  we  find  much  more 
of  Mr.  Lang's  handiwork  in  the  contents.  The 
story  itself  is  one  of  the  most  readable  that  have 
come  to  our  notice  of  late  years,  and  deserves  warm 
commendation,  both  as  a  study  of  the  historical 
period  concerned,  and  as  a  specimen  of  the  novel 
of  plot,  counterplot,  and  intrigue. 

WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


HOLIDAY  PUBLICATIONS. 

m, 

Mr.  Francis  Marion  Crawford  adds  himself  to 
the  number  of  novelists  who  have  explained  that 
their  portraits  in  literature  are  not  mere  photo- 
graphs, in  the  little  preface  he  has  written  for  the 
new  holiday  edition  of  "  Saracinesca  "  (Macmillan). 
It  speaks  ill  for  the  discernment  of  his  readers,  and 
those  of  the  other  novelists  who  have  made  similar 
explanations  recently :  or  is  it  that  the  realist  is 
really  in  the  saddle  to  an  extent  which  assumes  all 
romance  to  be  history  written  small?  Much  more 
to  the  point  is  the  inference  of  the  author  here  that 
it  is  the  humanity  of  the  book  which  has  given  it 
twelve  years  of  unfading  popularity  and  now  calls 
forth  this  admirable  two-volume  edition  with  all 
Mr.  Orson  Lowell's  delightful  photogravures  and 
pen  drawings.  The  book  is  human  —  as  human  as 
"  Patient  Grisel "  —  and  its  persistence  in  the  face 
of  an  overwhelming  majority  of  feminine  readers 
indicates  less  emancipation  than  many  have  hoped. 
The  Italian  character  has  never  been  more  skilfully 
interpreted  to  an  alien  audience  than  in  the  three 
novels  of  which  this  is  the  first  and  best ;  and  this, 
though  not  given  by  Mr.  Crawford  among  his  rea- 
sons for  survival,  is  assuredly  not  the  least  of  them. 
Just  at  this  time,  when  Latin  civilization  is  in  apo- 
gee, it  is  worth  while  recalling  from  the  pages  of 
"Saracinesca"  the  half- forgotten  fact  that  all  peo- 
ples are  from  the  same  root,  and  all  European  peo- 
ples and  their  descendants  sufficiently  close  to  make 
the  interest  of  one  a  concern  for  all. 


The  elaborately  illustrated  edition  of  u, Janice 
Meredith"  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.)  attests  both  the 
liking  of  the  public  for  its  author,  Mr.  Paul  Leices- 
ter Ford,  and  for  the  Revolutionary  times  which 
are  commemorated  in  it.  A  curious  bit  of  history 
lies  in  the  fact  that  we  are  getting  nearer  our  great- 
great-grandfathers'  days  in  books  in  inverse  pro- 
portion to  our  regard  for  their  precepts  in  actual 
life.  Janice  has  a  double  set  of  friends,  and  the 
colored  medallion  portrait  which  Mrs.  Lillie  V. 
O'Ryan  has  made  of  the  gently  gallant  heroine  jus- 
tifies them  all.  Another  miniature,  of  the  General 
George  Washington  whose  farewell  address  has 
come  into  disrepute  among  American  statesmen  of 
late,  is  from  the  Sharpless  original,  and  serves  as 
frontispiece  to  the  second  volume.  The  black-and- 
white  illustrations  are  by  Mr.  Howard  Pyleand  his 
pupils,  exhibiting  all  the  painstaking  attention  to 
the  costume  and  architecture  of  that  time  which 
have  always  marked  this  artist's  work.  The  story 
itself  is  of  sufficient  worth  to  bear  these  extraneous 
aids  without  loss  of  dignity,  the  effect  being  un- 
usually harmonious. 

More  than  holiday  interest  is  lent  Charles  Reade's 
"  Peg  Woffington  "  (Doubleday  &  McClure)  by  Mr. 
Austin  Dobson's  "Introduction,"  replete  as  it  is 
with  that  essayist's  charming  erudition  respecting 
eighteenth  century  people  and  places.  If  Mr.  Reade 
idealized  an  actress  who  has  always  had  a  peculiar 
charm  for  the  folk  on  both  sides  of  the  footlights, 
Mr.  Dobson  gives  us  the  real  woman  quite  without 
the  adventitious  glamour  of  natural  beauty  or  stage 
artificiality  —  and  both  are  lovely,  with  a  touch  of 
pathos  which  makes  them  lovelier.  The  task  for 
both  writers  is  the  easier  because  of  the  lack  of 
precise  knowledge  respecting  pretty  Peggy,  enabling 
the  artist  to  fill  out  the  slight  sketch  which  authentic 
history  furnishes  with  radiant  colors  from  his  own 
palette.  If  her  life,  as  Mr.  Dobson  says,  was  hardly 
to  be  ranked  as  "  either  worshipped  or  blameless," 
it  was  more — and  less  —  exciting  both  love  and 
pity.  We  can  hardly,  now  that  this  Introduction 
has  been  furnished  the  novel,  conceive  of  the  novel 
without  it.  And  the  pictures  of  Mr.  Hugh  Thom- 
son are  scarcely  less  essential,  now  they  have  been 
introduced  to  us. 

The  playwright  was  careful  to  keep  "  Becky 
Sharp"  distinct  from  Thackeray's  "Vanity  Fair," 
but  the  substantial  unity  of  the  two  is  manifest  in 
what  is  called  the  "  Becky  Sharp  "  edition  of  the 
great  "  novel  without  a  hero  "  now  published  by  the 
Harpers.  Forty-eight  photographs  of  Mr«.  Minnie 
Maddern  Fiske  and  her  fellow-players  have  been 
reproduced  in  half-tone  for  the  illustration  of  the 
work, —  the  stage  costumes  and  accessories,  strictly 
achronistic,  adding  to  their  effectiveness.  The  test 
is,  of  course,  a  severe  one;  for  not  only  must  the 
actors  conform  themselves  to  the  requirements  of 
the  stage,  but  they  must  also  look  the  parts  in  re- 
pose, and  in  the  face  of  those  readers  whose  pre- 
possessions are,  for  example,  in  favor  of  Thackeray's 
own  drawings.  These  latter,  lacking  as  they  were 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


495 


in  some  respects,  are  filled  with  spirit  and  are  neces- 
sary for  the  comprehension  of  the  book ;  yet  we  can 
imagine  the  delight  with  which  the  author  would 
welcome  the  sympathy  here  given  by  a  sister  art 
and  its  fellow-artists. 

That  sterling  critic  of  art,  Mr.  Cosmo  Monk- 
house,  has  performed  a  most  valuable  and  unusual 
task  in  his  fine  quarto,  "  British  Contemporary 
Artists"  (Scribner).  The  word  "contemporary," 
describing  as  it  did  the  series  of  essays  when  they 
were  conceived  less  than  six  years  ago,  has  ceased 
to  be  applicable  to  Leighton,  Millais,  and  Burne- 
Jones,  whose  work  nevertheless  will  not  be  taken 
as  work  of  the  past.  Mr.  Monkhouse  regrets  that 
the  principle  of  seniority  gives  Mr.  George  Fred- 
erick Watts  the  first  place :  we  fail  to  see  the  ap- 
plication when  the  final  pas  has  been  given  by  the 
King  of  Terrors  to  these  others — even  while  we 
agree  with  his  reasons  for  objection.  A  mystical 
seven  are  named  in  the  book,  the  others  being  Mr. 
William  Quiller  Orchardson,  Sir  Lawrence  Alnia- 
Tadema,  and  Sir  Edward  J.  Poynter.  All  were, 
of  course,  members  of  the  Royal  Academy.  The 
book  is  illustrated  with  considerable  profusion,  full- 
page  engravings  from  the  works  and  smaller  repro- 
ductions from  sketches  and  studies  lending  point 
to  the  questions  raised  in  the  text.  Incidentally, 
though  this  was  doubtless  part  of  the  critic's  orig- 
inal intention,  there  is  a  tolerably  complete  survey 
of  the  present  status  of  painting  in  England,  which 
makes  the  work  of  more  than  ordinary  interest.  It 
is  one  of  the  chefs  d'oeuvre  of  the  season  in  all  re- 
spects. 

One  of  the  prettiest  and  freshest  of  the  season's 
lighter  and  more  essentially  ornamental  and  pic- 
torial publications  comes  to  us  from  Colorado  — 
from  away  out  in  Colorado,  so  far  from  Attic 
Boston.  But  if  Boston  itself  has  produced  this  sea- 
son anything  so  pretty  and  tasteful  in  its  modest 
kind  as  the  flat  octavo  volume  entitled  "Colorado 
in  Color  and  Song,"  published  by  Mr.  Frank  S. 
Thayer  of  Denver,  we  have  thus  far  failed  to  see 
it.  Mr.  Thayer,  if  we  mistake  not,  is  the  enter- 
prising gentleman  who  several  years  ago  published 
a  book  containing,  as  alleged,  photographic  views 
of  live  wild  animals  of  the  region  in  their  native 
haunts,  after  negatives  secured  on  the  spot  by  a 
noted  hunter  who,  in  the  interests  of  education  and 
the  book  trade,  kindly  consented  for  a  season  or  so 
to  substitute  a  camera  for  his  Winchester.  It  after- 
wards leaked  out  that  the  animals  photographed 
were  stuffed  and  mounted  specimens  of  indigenous 
fauna,  which  had  been  wheeled  out  into  the  rural 
environs  of  Denver  and  there  appropriately  posed 
before  the  camera  of  the  "noted  hunter,"  who,  be- 
ing a  man  of  some  humor,  entered  with  spirit  into 
Mr.  Thayer's  little  joke.  The  reviewers  of  the  book 
generally  were  "taken in  "  by  it  —  ourselves  among 
the  number.  But  we  bear  Mr.  Thayer  no  malice, 
and,  on  the  contrary,  hasten  to  say  that  his  present 
venture  is  a  very  attractive  one  in  which  there  lurks 
not  the  slightest  possibility  of  a  hoax.  The  native 


poets  represented  in  it  appear  to  be,  with  hardly 
an  exception,  alive  and  not  stuffed ;  and  its  speci- 
mens of  Colorado  scenery  are  as  indubitable  as 
grand.  There  are  twenty-four  full-page  plates,  in 
colors,  showing  Hanging  Rock,  the  Palisades,  Gate- 
way to  the  Garden  of  the  Gods,  Seven  Falls,  Ute 
Pass,  Royal  Gorge,  Manitou,  Ouray,  Twin  Lakes, 
Platte  Cafion,  Cathedral  Rocks,  etc.  Each  plate  is 
printed  on  heavy  paper,  and  the  verses  facing  and 
accompanying  it  are  on  tissue  bond.  The  side-stamp 
on  the  cover  is  a  bit  of  mountain  landscape  in  nat- 
ural colors  set  in  a  gilt  frame  of  Florentine  pattern. 
The  work  is  at  once  a  decidedly  interesting  Colo- 
rado souvenir  and  a  charming  Holiday  book. 

Another  fine  volume  of  the  steadily-growing  lux- 
ury edition  of  Mr.  George  W.  Cable's  works  of 
fiction  (Scribner),  "  Les  Grandissimes,"  illustrated 
by  Mr.  Albert  Herter,  is  in  all  respects  a  worthy 
example  of  American  book-making  at  its  best.  A 
eover  design  of  pond-lilies  distinguishes  the  book 
externally.  Within,  the  essential  quality  of  French 
life  in  Louisiana  has  been  caught  by  the  artist 
and  reproduced  in  not  less  than  a  score  of  photo- 
gravures, carefully  conceived,  excellently  wrought, 
and  fully  interpretative  of  the  novel.  In  size,  the 
volume  is  a  large  octavo,  its  proportionate  thickness 
being  achieved  by  the  use  of  heavy  paper,  making 
the  turning  of  the  leaves  a  pleasure  in  itself.  When 
the  series  is  completed,  Mr.  Cable  will  have  a  literary 
and  bibliophilic  monument  granted  to  few  writers. 

England,  seen  by  the  appreciative  American  eyes 
of  Mr.  C.  J.  Taylor,  whose  sketches  are  published 
by  Mr.  R.  H.  Russell,  is  as  foreign  and  as  home- 
like as  it  must  always  be  to  us.  There  are  no 
fewer  than  eighty  large  drawings  in  Mr.  Taylor's 
collection,  nearly  all  in  tone,  interpreting  the  sim- 
ples and  gentles,  the  city  and  country,  the  haunts 
of  Shakespeare  and  Carlyle,  and  the  resorts  of 
'Arriet  and  her  'Enery.  The  humor  of  the  work  is 
broad  upon  occasion,  and  the  social  side  of  English 
life  is  brought  out  very  clearly  —  and  in  marked 
contrast  to  the  more  sorrowful  pleasures  of  the 
United  States.  The  art  of  interpreting  these  dif- 
ferences in  terms  common  to  both  peoples  is  pecu- 
liarly the  province  of  this  interesting  and  amusing 
book,  for  which  we  are  greatly  indebted  to  the 
artist.  Why  can 't  an  Englishman  —  Mr.  Phil  May, 
for  example  —  do  as  much  for  us? 

Perhaps  when  Mr.  William  Dean  Howells's  vari- 
ous and  admirable  qualifications  as  a  novelist  and 
prose-artist  are  considered  separately,  none  of  his 
qualities  may  take  higher  place  than  what  may  be 
called  his  "  happiness."  This  shows  with  more  than 
usual  plainness  in  "  Their  Silver  Wedding  Journey  " 
(Harper),  a  luxurious  holiday  edition  of  which,  in 
two  volumes,  now  makes  its  timely  appearance.  To 
take  our  old  friend  March  —  that  average  Ameri- 
can who  is  the  transatlantic  Pendennis  with  all  his 
differences  —  and  our  good  friend  Mrs.  March,  who 
stands  for  the  most  creditable  work  of  modern  civ- 
ilization, the  American  woman,  vingt  ans  aprbs 
plus  five  more,  and  send  them  abroad,  is  a  device  as 


496 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


ingenious  as  it  is  interestingly  instructive  in  its  re- 
sults. The  illustrations  for  this  edition,  some  in 
half-tone  reproductions  from  photographs,  others 
from  drawings  by  artists  of  repute,  add  to  the  reality 
of  the  work  and  increase  its  many  charms. 

Mrs.  Elisabeth  Luther  Gary  writes  a  valuable 
summary  of  the  work  of  one  of  the  great  English 
poets,  entitling  it,  "  Browning,  Poet  and  Man :  A 
Survey  "  (Putnam),  choosing  the  word  "  survey,"  as 
she  says,  because  she  has  relied  rather  upon  the 
work  of  others  than  on  any  investigations  of  her 
own.  Tet  the  work  is  vigorous  at  times  if  not  orig- 
inal ;  and  gives  a  tolerably  fair  collective  view  of 
the  poet's  virtues  and  literary  faults.  It  is  filled 
with  good  pictures,  most  of  them  portraits  of  Brown- 
ing and  his  more  famous  contemporaries  and  friends, 
the  rest  being  scenes  from  his  works.  The  book  is 
a  worthy  commemoration  of  a  life  of  great  accom- 
plishments and  many  charms. 

That  commingling  of  art  and  history  which  is 
oftener  attempted  than  realized  makes  pleasant  and 
profitable  reading  of  "The  Stones  of  Paris  in  His- 
tory and  Letters"  (Scribner).  It  is  written  by  Mr. 
Benjamin  Ellis  Martin  and  Mrs.  Charlotte  M.  Mar- 
tin,quite  in  the  spirit  of  Mr.  W.C.  BrownellV- French 
Traits,"  and  justifying  the  dedication  to  that  essay- 
ist. The  idea  of  the  book  is  to  follow  the  fragments 
remaining  of  the  walls  of  Philip  Augustus,  bringing 
to  light  half-recalled,  half-forgotten  relics  of  the  past, 
ancient,  mediaeval,  and  modern.  There  are  eleven 
several  essays  in  the  two  volumes,  bearing  such 
typical  titles  as  "The  Scholars'  Quarter  of  the  Mid- 
dle Ages,"  "  Moliere  and  his  Friends,"  "  The  South- 
ern Bank  in  the  Nineteenth  Century,"  and  "The 
Paris  of  Victor  Hugo."  Many  illustrations  add  to 
the  interest  of  the  pleasant,  chatty  volumes,  which 
preserve  the  literary  feeling  and  charm  throughout. 

A  reissue  of  Mr.  Hamilton  Wright  Mabie's  "  My 
Study  Fire"  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.)  is  welcome  at 
this  time  —  or  any  other.  The  present  addition  has 
to  commend  it  further  the  numerous  illustrations 
from  the  pencils  of  those  gifted  young  women,  the 
Misses  Maude  Alice  and  Genevieve  Cowles.  These 
pictures  take  the  form  —  common  enough  to-day, 
but  none  the  less  charming  —  of  little  symbolic 
sketches  and  suggestions  scattered  through  the 
pages,  besides  the  well-drawn  men  and  women  of 
the  narrative  whose  imaginative  portraits  for  once 
do  not  disturb  the  reader's  ideals.  To  the  lover  of 
literature  or  of  life,  the  volume  makes  equal  appeal. 

If  one  could  have  personal  acquaintances  like  the 
characters  in  the  "  Essays  of  Elia" !  Charles  Lamb 
left  the  feeling  of  placid  intimacy  in  his  work,  and 
we  have  gone  on  making  editions  of  it,  year  by 
year,  showing  the  one  appreciation  of  the  work  we 
are  able  to  show  —  by  reading  and  re-reading  it. 
Just  now,  Mr.  Augustine  Birrell  has  written  an  in- 
troduction and  Mr.  Charles  E.  Brock  has  made  pic- 
tures for  a  sumptuous  two-volume  edition  imported 
by  the  Scribners,  differentiated  as  "  Essays  "  and 
"Last  Essays."  In  Mr.  Bin-ell's  selection  there  is 
a  certain  appropriateness,  since  he  represents,  if  any- 


one, the  playfulness  and  fancifulness  of  Elia  himself 
—  if  one  could  conceive  of  an  Elia  in  the  end  of  the 
century  ! 

Mr.  Robert  Barr  has  gone  travelling,  and  "The 
Unchanging  East,  or,  Travels  and  Troubles  in  the 
Orient"  (Page)  is  the  two- volume  product  of  his 
wanderings.  Mr.  Barr  is  a  good  hand  at  finding 
amusement  and  even  comparative  comfort  out  of 
situations  otherwise  hardly  endurable.  He  shows 
the  American's  understanding  of  foreigners  rather 
than  a  Briton's  aloofness,  and  he  thus  exhibits  to 
his  readers  the  sympathy  they  do  not  always  find 
in  accounts  of  Eastern  life.  The  Mediterranean, 
Antioch,  Damascus,  Jerusalem,  —  these  form  the 
text  for  pleasant  and  profitable  discourse.  The 
book  is  fully  illustrated,  in  photogravure,  etc.,  and 
has  a  cover  design  which  is  particularly  successful. 

Mrs.  Alice  Morse  Earle's  "Child  Life  in  Colonial 
Days"  (Macmillan)  is  both  a  holiday  book  and  a 
book  for  children  —  the  two  being  so  closely  com- 
bined as  to  make  it  equally  within  either  category. 
What  it  is,  the  title  and  Mrs.  Earle's  other  work  of 
the  same  genre  abundantly  indicate.  A  wide  read- 
ing of  earlier  American  history,  biography,  and  cor- 
respondence, a  good  sense  of  fitness  and  proportion, 
a  sure  knowledge  of  the  eternally  interesting  child- 
ishness which  age  cannot  wither,  a  keen  eye  for  the 
picturesque,  the  bizarre,  and  the  interesting  —  all 
these  things  are  combined  with  illustrations  attest- 
ing similar  qualities  to  produce  a  living  whole.  We 
have  long  known  our  ancestors  as  heroes ;  we  are 
now  learning  them  over  again  as  husbands,  wives, 
fathers,  mothers,  youths,  hobbledehoys,  giggling 
••  females,"  and  babies.  Will  the  Filipino  of  the 
Twenty-first  Century  —  like  Macaulay's  New  Zea- 
lander  —  find  in  such  books  an  indication  of  national 
decay  ? 

We  should  like  Mr.  Joseph  Jacobs *s  "Tales  from 
Boccaccio"  (Truslove,  Hanson  &  Cotnba)  better  if 
there  were  more  of  them.  True,  among  the  four 
chosen  for  this  handsome  volume,  appear  "Griselda," 
uSaladin  and  Torello,"  and  ••  Isabella,"  two  of  which 
gave  rise  to  great  English  poems.  But  when  the 
translator  himself  tells  us,  in  a  pleasant  introduc- 
tion, that  seventy-two  of  the  hundred  tales  in  the 
••  Decamerone  "  are  not  ••  more  broad  than  they  are 
long,"  and  the  connecting  links  or  machinery  of  the 
book  are  quite  as  free  from  trespass  upon  modern 
convention,  why  should  he  so  limit  himself?  Were 
the  turning  from  Italian  to  English  less  successful, 
the  feeling  of  deprivation  would  be  less  strong. 
One  compensation  is  found  in  Mr.  Byam  Shaw's 
delicate  and  artistic  interpretations  of  the  text, 
which  are  both  beautiful  and  profuse. 

Garlands  of  prose,  quite  as  much  as  garlands  of 
poetry,  are  characteristic  of  the  day.  The  latter 
come,  it  may  be,  from  the  distaste  felt  for  verses  by 
most  Americans;  the  former,  in  all  probability. 
from  the  desire  to  place  varied  information  at  the 
disposal  of  the  reader.  All  such  books,  like  others 
affording  a  more  or  less  royal  road  to  learning,  are 
probably  enervating  in  their  effect;  but  it  is  still 


1899.] 


497 


difficult  to  believe  this  of  such  a  book  as  "  Great 
Pictures  Described  by  Great  Writers "  (Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co.).  The  book  is  compiled  by  Miss 
Esther  Singleton,  whose  "Turrets,  Towers,  and 
Temples"  of  last  year  will  be  recalled.  She  has 
drawn  freely  on  the  great  writers  of  England  and 
France  and  Germany  for  her  descriptions,  trans- 
lating from  the  two  foreign  tongues  herself  the  ex- 
cerpts needed  for  her  purpose.  The  result  is  a 
well-rounded  whole,  the  greatest  works  of  the  great- 
est painters  being  turned  into  literature  by  the 
greatest  writers  in  Europe  —  nearly  all  of  the  critics 
being  modern,  and  many  of  them  living.  The 
painters  range  from  Bordone  and  Botticelli  to 
Goenze  and  Turner,  with  illustrious  examples  from 
Spain,  Germany,  and  Holland  in  profusion  ;  while 
Pater  and  Ruskin,  the  De  Goncourts  and  Ste. 
Beuve,  Goethe,  and  Thausing,  with  many  more, 
supply  the  text.  There  will  even  be  found  Mr. 
Swinburne's  comment  on  Rossetti's  "  Lilith  "  — 
why  not  also  his  sonnet  from  the  "Heptalogia"  ? 
The  final  touch  of  interest  is  given  by  a  profusion 
of  illustrations  —  of  the  pictures  discussed,  of 
course  —  which  contrive  to  give  one  an  almost 
adequate  idea  of  their  excellence  in  spite  of  the 
process  work  which  has  made  them  possible. 

Good  editions  of  the  Sonnets  of  Shakespeare  are 
nnmerous  and  varied,  but  we  can  recall  none  more 
attractive  to  the  eye  than  that  lately  issued  by  the 
Roy  croft  Printing  Shop  of  East  Aurora,  N.  Y.  The 
volume  is  unillustrated,  and  contains  no  Introduc- 
tion or  critical  matter  of  any  kind.  The  text  is 
printed  in  bold-faced  type  on  a  fine  quality  of  hand- 
made paper,  and  the  binding  is  of  plain  dark  paper 
boards  with  back  and  corners  of  a  rough  cinnamon- 
colored  leather.  The  initial  letters  throughout  the 
book,  drawn  by  Mr.  W.  W.  Denslow,  are  colored  by 
hand  in  the  same  deft  and  artistic  way  that  has 
made  this  feature  of  the  Roycroft  publications  such 
a  distinctive  one.  In  many  respects  this  is  the  most 
satisfactory  volume  that  the  Roycrofters  have  pro- 
duced as  yet,  and  a  choicer  Christmas  gift  for  a 
book  lover  could  hardly  be  found. 

As  artistically  beautiful  as  it  is  wittily  droll,  Mr. 
Oliver  Herford's  "Alphabet  of  Celebrities"  (Small, 
Maynard  &  Co.)  has  the  pictures  and  letter-press 
as  they  appeared  in  "  Life."  But  to  these  have 
been  added  a  border  and  initial  letters  by  Mr. 
Bertram  Grosvenor  Goodhue,  with  a  cover  design 
and  end  papers  by  Miss  E.  B.  Bird,  the  whole  be- 
ing profusely  rubricated.  That  unexpected  and 
almost  irreverent  turn  of  the  fancy  which  is  char- 
acteristic of  Mr.  Herford's  rhymes  appears  at  its 
best  here.  What  could  be  more  ludicrously  incon- 
gruous than  this? 

"  A's  Albert  Edward,  well  meaning  but  flighty, 
Who  invited  King  Arthur,  the  blameless  and  mighty, 
To  meet  Alcibiades  and  Aphrodite." 

Unless  it  be  the  accompanying  picture,  which  shows 
the  British  King  lowering  and  the  Greek  leader 
leering  at  the  goddess,  while  the  heir  apparent 
stares  from  eyes  absurdly  Guelph. 


The  author  of  "  Vacation  Days  in  Hawaii  and 
Japan,"  Mr.  Charles  M.  Taylor,  Jr.,  has  been  tak- 
ing another  vacation  —  in  Great  Britain,  this  time 
—  and  "  The  British  Isles  through  an  Opera  Glass  " 
(Jacobs)  is  the  pleasant  result.  The  title  might  be 
held  as  an  indication  of  a  journey  with  the  objects 
to  be  viewed  held  at  rather  more  than  arm's  length, 
but  it  may  be  taken  to  indicate  that  the  author's 
camera  enables  the  reader  to  see  what  he  saw  as 
through  an  opera-glass.  The  tour  began  in  France 
and  extended  through  England,  Scotland,  and  Ire- 
land. While  there  is  little  new  for  the  traveller  in 
the  book,  it  is  freshly  told,  and  not  without  a  cer- 
tain crispness  of  impression,  such  as  characterized 
the  former  book  from  the  same  hand. 

Readers  of  the  illustrated  literary  magazines  have 
seen  from  time  to  time  pictures  of  Mr.  H.  Rider 
Haggard  in  the  guise  of  a  practical  student  of  agri- 
culture. They  may  now  read  a  book  in  which  this 
attitude  is  maintained  throughout  —  "A  Farmer's 
Year,  Being  his  Commonplace  Book  for  1898 " 
(Longmans).  There  is  no  airy  pretense  about  the 
work,  nor  writing  de  haut  en  bas.  Mr.  Haggard 
has  evidently  been  at  it  long  enough  to  have  gained 
profound  respect  for  tillers  of  the  soil,  and  his  views 
are  practical,  set  forth  month  by  month  in  the  ap- 
proved manner  of  this  most  ancient  art.  With  all 
the  rest,  there  is  a  reposeful  and  pleasantly  literary 
manner,  such  as  we  have  looked  for  in  vain  in  this 
author's  successive  novels.  A  combination  of  the 
two  methods  would  result,  we  are  convinced,  in 
something  better  than  he  has  yet  done,  though  this 
last  book  is  a  desirable  acquisition  in  itself. 

Mr.  J.  Campbell  Phillips  has  eyes  to  see  for  him- 
self and  a  pencil  to  draw  "  Plantation  Sketches  " 
(Russell).  The  old  South  and  the  new  are  drawn 
with  comprehension  and  kindliness,  interpreted  in- 
dividually through  the  negro  boys  and  girls  who 
are  to  constitute  a  problem  for  the  next  generation 
to  solve  —  or  leave  alone.  There  is  true  humor  in 
the  sketches  —  humor  with  the  thought  of  tears  at 
no  great  distance, —  and  they  should  serve  to  give 
the  North  a  better  understanding  of  what  these 
brave  and  tender-hearted  fellow-citizens  of  ours 
really  are. 

Miss  Howard  Weeden  not  only  draws  the  Negro, 
but  she  sings  him  as  well,  in  "  Bandanna  Ballads  " 
(Doubleday  &  McClure).  Mr.  Joel  Chandler  Harris 
writes  a  brief  introduction,  in  which  he  extols  the 
fidelity  of  the  work  and  its  timeliness  in  catching 
the  old  house-servant  who  was  much  more  "  gentle- 
folks "  than  either  his  successors  in  service  or  in 
masterhood.  "  A  new  generation  has  arisen,"  says 
Mr.  Harris,  "  and  it  has  become  incredulous  and 
skeptical  in  regard  to  the  traditions  and  legends  of  the 
old  plantation  in  general,  and  of  the  old-time  quality 
negro  in  particular."  This  is  true  in  the  North  as 
well  as  the  South,  and  the  "  Bandanna  Ballads " 
will  be  a  treasure  to  all  those  families  which  have 
enjoyed  the  perfect  devotion  of  the  older  kind  of 
servant  depicted  in  them.  In  addition  to  these  bal- 
lads, which  have  no  such  merit  in  the  literary  sense 


498 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


M  belongs  to  the  delightful  picture*,  the  author's 
"  Shadows  on  the  Wall,"  which  had  so  marked  a 
success  when  privately  printed,  are  subjoined. 

"Kemble's  Sketch  Book"  (Russell)  contains  a 
score  or  so  of  that  humorous  illustrator's  "coons," 
together  with  a  sprinkling  of  other  odd  types  —  a 
Florida  'gfttor  hunter,  an  "  Old  Sport,"  an  over- 
seer, a  Kentucky  mountaineer,  a  Cape  Cod  ancient 
mariner  or  two,  and  so  forth.  The  drawings  are 
rough  but  expressive,  and  the  publication  is  as 
modest  in  price  as  in  make-up. 

The  publications  of  Mr.  T.  B.  Mosher  for  the 
present  season  include  twelve  volumes,  six  of  which 
are  in  the  "  Brocade  "  form  and  four  in  the  "  Old 
World"  series,  while  the  other  two  give  us  Mr. 
J.  W.  Mackail's  translation  of  the  "  Georgics  "  of 
Virgil  as  companions  to  the  single  volume  of  the 
"  Eclogues  "  published  a  year  ago.  The  new  "  Bro- 
cade" booklets  give  us  two  more  of  the  old  French 
romances  translated  by  William  Morris,  add  a  new 
number  to  the  Pater  set  of  "  Imaginary  Portraits," 
and  give  us  also  "  Hours  of  Spring  and  Wild  Flow- 
ers," by  Richard  Jeffries,  "  Will  o*  the  Mill,"  by 
Robert  Louis  Stevenson,  and  Dr.  John  Brown's 
ever-delightful  "  Marjorie  Fleming."  The  new 
44 Old  World"  books  are  divided  equally  among 
prose  and  verse.  The  two  prose  volumes  are  Miss 
Alexander's  "  The  Story  of  Ida,"  as  introduced  by 
Mr.  Ruskin,  and  Mr.  George  Meredith's  little- 
known  "  Tale  of  Chloe."  The  two  volumes  of  verse 
are  Christina  Rossetti's  "  Monna  Innominata  "  and 
Stevenson's  "  A  Child's  Garden  of  Verses."  Of  the 
mechanical  charm  of  all  these  publications,  and  of 
their  peculiar  fitness  for  gift  purposes,  we  have 
spoken  so  frequently  in  the  past  that  there  is  noth- 
ing new  left  to  say. 

A  pretty  and  inexpensive  gift  for  a  friend  of 
musical  tastes  would  be  a  copy  of  Mr.  Henry  C. 
Lahee's  <'  Famous  Violinists  of  To-Day  and  Yester- 
day" (L.  C.  Page  &  Co.).  The  volume  is  daintily 
bound  in  white  with  elaborate  peacock  and  floriated 
design  in  gold,  and  contains  ten  portraits  of  famous 
mextros,  Ole  Bull,  Corelli,  Paganini,  Joachim,  San- 
ret,  Ysaye,  etc.  The  writer  has  endeavored  to  give 
a  "  bird's-eye  view  "  of  the  most  celebrated  violin- 
ists from  the  earliest  times  to  the  present  day,  rather 
than  a  detailed  account  of  the  very  few ;  and  those 
who  have  won  fame  as  public  performers  have  been 
selected  in  preference  to  those  who  were  best  known 
as  teachers.  There  is  a  general  Introduction,  a 
chapter  on  Famous  Quartettes,  and  a  Chronological 
Table.  The  little  book  is  pleasantly  and  intelli- 
gently written,  biography,  anecdote,  and  criticism 
being  blended  in  due  proportion. 

We  own  that  we  have  always  been  rather  imper- 
vious to  the  pictorial  fan  of  the  late  M.  A.  Woolf. 
It  always  appeared  to  as  a  little  flat,  and  of  the 
sort  usually  made  in  England  for  home  consump- 
tion. Mr.  Woolf  s  specialty  as  a  humorist  was  the 
drawing  of  very  diminutive  and  supernaturally  rag- 
ged and  "slummy  "  children,  and  making  them  talk 
(by  means  of  a  line  or  so  of  text  underneath)  like 


grown-up  people  in  flourishing  circumstances.  But 
that  Mr.  Woolf  had  his  admirers  is  undeniable;  and 
to  all  such  the  flat  oblong  quarto  entitled  ••  Sketches 
of  Lowly  Life  in  a  Great  City  "  (Putnam),  and  con- 
taining over  150  of  his  drawings,  will  appeal.  Most 
of  the  pictures  are  selected  from  the  artist's  contri- 
butions to  "Life  "  and  "Judge,"  but  some  of  them 
have  never  before  been  published.  The  Biograph- 
ical Note  informs  us  that  Mr.  Woolf  was  born  in 
England.  We  suspected  it. 

Sidney  Lanier's  study  of  a  mocking-bird,  in  the 
best  manner  of  Mr.  Burroughs  or  Mrs.  Miller,  is 
brought  out  in  a  most  elaborate  form  by  the  Scrib- 
ners.  This  accurately  picturesque  story  of  a  bird, 
from  near  the  egg  until,  like  most  wild  things,  it 
died  by  violence,  has  its  virtues  enhanced  by  the 
combined  art  and  industry  of  Mr.  A.  R.  Dugmore, 
who  made  repeated  photographic  studies  of  mock- 
ing birds  at  various  ages,  finally  coloring  the  best 
of  these  and  using  them  as  illustrations  here.  A 
brief  comment  on  the  lamented  Lanier's  habit  in 
regard  to  living  nature  is  prefixed  by  his  son,  Mr. 
Charles  Day  Lanier ;  while  the  book  closes  with  the 
little-known  sonnets  "To  Our  Mocking- Bird,  Died 
of  a  Cat,  May,  1878,"  by  way  of  lending  a  final 
charm. 

That  there  should  be  demand  enough  for  Moore's 
"  Lalla  Rookh  "  to  warrant  putting  forth  a  super- 
illustrated  edition  of  that  masterpiece  of  senti- 
mentality at  this  time,  will  be  a  surprise  to  many. 
The  beauty  of  the  edition  (Dana  Estes)  is  marked 
enough  to  justify  its  existence,  if  only  for  the  pic- 
tures. The  artists  contributing  to  this  result  in- 
clude Messrs.  Kenyon  Cox,  W.  H.  Low,  F.  S. 
Church,  Frank  Myrick,  W.  L.  Taylor,  and  many 
more.  The  book  is  substantially  a  re-issue  of  the 
edition  of  fifteen  years  ago. 

An  artistic,  quaintly  fancied  little  publication, 
with  a  distinctive  savor  of  the  book-stall  or  other 
haunt  of  the  Nimrod  of  the  old  and  curious  in  book- 
making,  is  "The  Kings'  Lyrics"  (R.  H.  Russell), 
being  a  selection  of  lyrical  poems  of  the  reigns  of 
Kings  James  I.  and  Charles  I.,  together  with  Dray- 
ton's  Ballad  of  Agin  court.  Mr.  Fitzroy  Carring- 
ton  is  the  editor.  The  selections  are  made  with 
taste ;  but  why  has  Mr.  Carrington,  especially  in  a 
Caroline  anthology  in  which  so  much  space  is  given 
to  poems  of  a  religious  cast,  entirely  omitted 
Vaughan  —  who,  to  our  thinking,  is,  at  his  inspired 
best,  almost  better  than  any  of  his  fellows  at  their 
best.  There  are  nine  selections  from  Herbert,  and 
four  from  Crashaw.  Campion,  Carew,  Drummond, 
Herrick,  Lovelace,  Quarles,  Shirley,  Suckling,  and 
Wither  are  liberally  represented.  There  are  por- 
traits of  the  two  kings,  and  of  most  of  the  poets ; 
and  the  pleasant  suggestion  of  archaism  is  carried 
into  the  typography. 

Mr.  Richard  Harding  Davis's  publishers  have 
dealt  nnally  with  his  fiction.  Anything  more  en- 
ticing than  the  six  pocketable  little  volumes,  in  their 
flexible  bindings  of  olive-green  leather  stamped 
in  gold  with  title  and  design,  it  would  be  difficult 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


499 


to  imagine.  The  print  is  handsome  and  the  paper 
of  good  quality,  and  each  volume  contains  an  etched 
frontispiece.  The  titles  comprise  :  "  Gallegher," 
"  Soldiers  of  Fortune,"  "  The  King's  Jackal,"  "  The 
Lion  and  the  Unicorn,"  and  "  Cinderella." 

Mr.  Samuel  Minturn  Peck,  the  American  golfers' 
laureate,  has  supplied  the  seven  sprightly  poems  of 
the  links  that  form  the  text  of  the  showy  flat  quarto 
entitled  "  The  Golf  Girl "  (Stokes),  and  Miss  Maud 
Humphrey  is  responsible  for  the  accompanying 
colored  plates.  Miss  Humphrey's  pictures  are 
bright  and  pleasing,  and  we  rather  think  they  are 
portraits.  If  such  be  the  case,  we  beg  leave  to 
compliment  her  on  her  taste  in  selecting  her  models. 
The  young  man  who  "  golfs  "  should  look  up  this 
pretty  publication  in  the  course  of  his  Christmas 
shopping. 

"  Famous  Actors  of  the  Day  in  America  "  (Page), 
like  its  predecessor  dealing  with  the  actresses,  is 
from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Lewis  C.  Strang.'  In  brief 
space  it  sets  forth  the  virtues  of  twenty-five  men, 
representing  all  the  living  generations,  from  Mr. 
Joseph  Jefferson  to  Mr.  Otis  Skinner,  in  the  history 
of  the  American  stage.  Counterfeit  presentments 
of  these  brilliant  players,  generally  in  some  one  of 
their  favorite  roles,  eke  out  the  characterizations  of 
the  text,  which  are  sound  rather  than  brilliant.  Mr. 
Strang  would  have  us  think  he  had  left  behind  him 
the  blandishments  of  the  theatrical  advance  agent ; 
nevertheless  he  has  preserved  a  portion  of  that 
scintillating  functionary's  vocabulary  —  to  his  own 
misdoing  in  sentences  here  and  there. 

"  Cupid  and  Coronet"  (Russell)  is  a  little  story 
told  in  pictures  —  with  a  thread  of  little  needed 
text  —  by  Mr.  Malcolm  A.  Strauss.  It  is  a  port- 
folio book  after  the  manner  of  Mr.  Charles  Dana 
Gibson.  It  would  hardly  be  fair  to  assume  that  it 
would  not  have  been  done  at  all  if  it  were  not  for 
Mr.  Gibson  ;  but  it  cannot  well  be  imagined  other- 
wise. 

The  author  of  the  book  whose  extended  title  has 
been  shortened  by  use  into  plain  "  Mary  Powell " 
may  well  rejoice  in  the  beautiful  printing  of  "  The 
Colloquies  of  Edward  Oaborne "  (imported  by 
Scribner),  with  its  ten  drawings  by  Mr.  John  Jel- 
licoe.  The  book  has  added  to  its  own  merit  these 
skilfully  executed  illustrations,  fine  paper,  beautiful 
type  and  printing,  rubricated  title-page,  and  all  the 
careful  detail  which  make  a  finished  work  of  the 
printer's  art. 

The  more  men  find  themselves  in  the  unnatural 
world  of  city  streets  and  city  clangor,  the  more 
they  turn  with  longing  to  the  mild  pleasures  of  the 
field  and  garden.  It  was  so  in  imperial  Rome,  it  is 
true  of  unimperial  New  York  and  Chicago.  So  "A 
World  in  a  Garden"  (Macmillan),  by  Mrs.  R.  Neish, 
is  a  welcome  addition  to  a  library  none  too  rich  in 
georgics.  The  book  is  something  more  than  mere 
horticulture.  It  has  the  life  of  man,  with  its  pleasures 
and  pains,  uncertainties  and  compensations,  bound 
up  in  the  conduct  of  the  friendly  flowers.  The  photo- 
gravure illustrations  are  exceptionally  charming. 


Messrs.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  publish  in  a  single 
small  volume,  delicately  bound  in  white  and  gold, 
"  Poems  by  Keats  and  Shelley."  The  selections 
from  Keats  are :  "  La  Belle  Dame  Sans  Merci," 
"  Isabella,"  "  The  Eve  of  St.  Agnes,"  and  "  Lamia  "; 
those  from  Shelley  are :  "  The  Cloud,"  "  To  a  Sky- 
lark," "  Ode  to  the  West  Wind,"  "  The  Sensitive 
Plant,"  "The  Witch  of  Atlas."  The  text  is  clearly 
printed  on  light-glazed  paper.  There  are  a  number 
of  drawings,  full-page  and  wash,  by  Mr.  Edmund 
H.  Garrett,  whose  work  is  pretty  and  graceful  as 
usual.  But  the  frontispiece  of  "  Isabella,"  it  must 
be  admitted,  is  in  our  poor  judgment  a  sad  thing, 
and  a  quite  libellous  conception  of  that  lugubrious 
damsel.  The  Lycius  (p.  92)  is  much  better,  and 
the  "  water-lilies,"  on  page  42,  is  as  charming  as 
unpretentious. 

Mr.  Elbert  Hubbard's  "Little  Journeys  to  the 
Homes  of  Celebrated  Painters"  (Putnam)  is  a 
bright  and  chatty  little  book,  packed  with  anecdotes 
and  racy  ana,  and  not  devoid  of  solid  information, 
which  is  conveyed  in  a  colloquial  and  popular  style, 
sometimes  a  thought  too  free-and-easy  to  fit  the 
subject.  Ten  painters  are  treated :  M.  Angelo, 
Rembrandt,  Rubens,  Meissonier,  Titian,  Van  Dyck, 
Fortuny,  Ary  Scheffer,  Millet,  Reynolds,  Landseer, 
and  Dor£.  Mr.  Hubbard's  book  is  very  liberally 
and  very  pleasingly  illustrated  with  portraits  of  the 
painters  and  choice  examples  of  their  work. 

The  early  life  of  old  New  York  has  yielded  ma- 
terial for  a  number  of  pleasant  volumes,  and  Mrs. 
Amelia  E.  Barr  has  produced  such  a  one  in  "  Trin- 
ity Bells  "  (J.  F.  Taylor  &  Co.).  The  work  has  a 
charming  little  Dutch  maiden  for  a  heroine,  and 
some  stirring  episodes  are  added  from  our  wars 
with  the  Algerian  corsairs  in  the  Mediterranean. 
There  are  sixteen  full-page  illustrations,  and  the 
volume  has  a  pretty  cover  design  showing  the 
Trinity  bells  whose  silvery  music  rings  through  the 
story. 

"Legends  of  Switzerland"  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.) 
is  the  unpretentious  title  of  a  fourth  volume  of  Miss 
H.  A.  Guerber's  series  dealing  with  the  myths  which 
have  gathered  about  the  sturdy  little  republic  and 
its  various  cantons.  History  and  myth  are  here 
mixed  in  unequal  measures,  the  realms  of  art  and 
nature  being  drawn  on  for  the  accompanying  pic- 
tures in  half-tone.  So  pure  a  republican  democracy 
as  this  deserves  American  study  and  sympathy,  and 
both  can  be  given  it  by  means  of  this  pleasant  work. 

That  tour  de  force  of  Mr.  Rudyard  Kipling, 
"  The  Brushwood  Boy,"  is  issued  in  a  small  volume 
by  Messrs.  Doubleday  &  McClnre,  illustrated  by 
Mr.  Orson  Lowell  with  his  usual  artistic  discrimina- 
tion. The  plates,  which  have  genuine  worth,  suffer 
somewhat  in  the  printing,  those  interspersed  through 
the  text  not  showing  with  the  clearness  which  was 
evidently  intended.  The  story  is  an  evident  one,  of 
course,  and  requires  no  exegesis,  pictorial  or  verbal ; 
but  it  is  the  gainer  by  such  work  as  this. 

The  rapidity  with  which  the  modern  world 
changes  is  shown  by  nothing  more  clearly  than  the 


500 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


publication  of  book*  like  ••  Rambles  in  Dickens- 
Land  "  ( Truslove,  Hanson  &  Cuniba).  Mr.  Gerald 
Hit-nan  introduces  and  Miss  Helen  M.  James  illus- 
trate* Mr.  Robert  Allbut'a  attempt  to  save  out  of  the 
swiftly  vanishing  pant  the  actualities  about  which 
Charles  Dickens  built  his  great  novels.  The  work 
leaves  some  things  to  be  desired,  largely  through 
the  hero-worship  which  Mr.  Allbut  permits  him*.  It. 
Dickens's  place  in  literature  is  sure,  and  enthusiasm 
is  permissible.  Here,  however,  the  insistent  use  of 
••  The  Master  "  and  similar  terms  carries  it  to  the 
point  of  sentimentality. 

The  second  series  of  "  Some  Colonial  Mansions  " 
(Coates)  is  bound  uniformly  with  the  first,  and  re- 
sembles it  closely  in  plan  and  scope.  Mr.  Thomas 
Allen  Glenn  still  acts  as  editor,  which  seems  to  be 
too  slight  a  title  to  indicate  all  his  multifarious  ac- 
tivities. Not  only  does  he  write  historical  sketches 
of  leading  families  in  America  before  the  Revolu- 
tion, preparing  in  several  instances  genealogies  and 
lists  of  living  descendants  of  them,  but  he  describes 
the  houses  they  lived  in,  including  the  Washingtons 
at  Mount  Vernon,  the  Jeffersons  at  Munticello.  the 
Rawles  at  Laurel  Hill,  the  Philipses  at  Philips- 
borough,  the  Waynes  at  Wayneaborough,  and  the 
Prestons,  Schnylers,  and  Macphersons.  The  book 
is  accurate  and  painstaking,  and  the  work  as  a 
whole  promises  to  attain  a  high  place  among  recent 
historical  researches. 

Mr.  Charles  Keeler  writes  and  Miss  Louise  Kee- 
ler  decorates  "A  Season's  Sowing  "  (A.  M.  Robert- 
son), a  book  of  quatrains  and  couplets,  nearly  all 
with  didactic  purpose.  The  book  is  unusually  well 
executed;  the  press  work  (done  in  San  Francisco) 
commending  it  to  all  those  who  like  white  paper 
and  black  ink  properly  applied  thereto.  The  deco- 
rations, too,  deserve  much  praise ;  but  the  illustra- 
tion—  by  which  is  meant  the  figure-drawing  more 
particularly  —  is  not  so  happy  nor  of  equal  merit 
As  a  work  of  western  art,  taken  in  all  its  bearings, 
it  deserves  many  encomiums,  and  the  metropolis  of 
the  Pacific  States  is  to  be  congratulated  for  mak- 
ing it  possible. 

A  pretty,  well-planned  introduction  to  Raphael 
—  a  Raphael  primer,  one  may  call  it  —  is  the 
modest  little  volume  of  the  "  Riverside  Art  Series," 
compiled  by  Miss  Entelle  M.  Hurll,  containing  a 
frontispiece  portrait  of  the  painter,  together  with 
half-tone  reproductions  of  fifteen  of  his  pictures, 
with  general  introduction  and  running  interpreta- 
tion and  commentary  (Houghton).  The  subjects 
selected  for  illustration  are  largely  such  as  have  a 
certain  narrative  or  literary  interest, —  the  portraits 
being  ignored  and  the  Madonnas  but  slightly  repre- 
sented,—  while  the  text  has  only  the  modest  aim  of 
making  the  pictures  intelligible.  Hi.-toncal  data 
are  relegated  to  the  tables,  and  the  Introduction  is 
intended  for  teachers,  with  whom  the  volume  should 
find  favor. 

A  brace  of  rather  taking  and  fairly  practical  pic- 
torial calendars  come  to  us  from  Mr.  R.  H.  Ii,i--rll: 
the  -'Zodiac  Calendar,"  with  pictuies  by  Mr.  Ches- 


ter Loomis,  and  "A  Revolutionary  Calendar,"  with 
pictures  by  Mr.  Ernest  C.  Peixotto.  Mr.  Loomis's 
work  is  in  comic  vein;  and  his  up-to-date  handling 
of  our  old  zodiacal  friends.  Aquarius,  Pisces,  Tau- 
rus, Cancer,  and  Co.,  is  sufficiently  amusing.  Pat- 
riotism is  Mr.  Peixotto's  refuge  (we  don't  mean  to 
be  personal),  and  he  has  adorned  each  of  the  twelve 
sizable  cards  of  his  calendar  with  pictures  supposed 
to  illustrate  such  events  as  Paul  Revere's  Ride,  the 
Lexington  and  Bunker  Hill  fights,  the  Retreat  from 
Long  Island,  the  Surrender  of  Cornwallis,  etc.  As 
patriotism  of  the  "  strenuous  "  order  is  in  the  air 
just  now, Mr.  Peixotto's  stirring  almanac  will  doubt- 
less find  many  admirers. 


and  Action. 


BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG. 

IL 

From  the  books  for  the  yonng  received 
8'nce  tne  'n8ta'ment  treated  in  THE  DIAL 
for  December  1,  it  is  still  possible  to 
make  a  selection  which  will  be  all  that  the  childish  heart 
desires,  no  matter  what  the  age  of  the  person  fortunate 
enough  to  possess  it.  Indeed,  these  books  remaining, 
though  fewer  in  numbers,  are  of  an  even  higher  stand- 
ard of  excellence,  indicating  either  more  care  in  their 
preparation,  speaking  broadly,  or  that  the  best  have 
been  saved  for  the  last.  When  we  "oldsters"  look 
upon  these  marvels  of  book-making,  it  is  with  a  double 
sigh:  of  regret  that  we  were  not  so  favored  in  our 
own  days  of  complete  appreciation  and  unjaded  tastes, 
and  of  wonder  as  to  what  manner  of  book  will  be  turned 
out  for  our  children's  children  a  long  generation  hence. 
Among  really  notable  literary  achieve- 
ments,  addressed  to  youne  people  and  their 

J 

elders  rather  than  to  children,  "  bpanish 
Peggy"  (Stone),  by  Mrs.  Mary  Hartwell  Catherwood, 
is  to  be  given  very  high  place.  It  is  an  account  of  the 
boyhood  of  Abraham  Lincoln  at  New  Salem,  and  such 
an  account  as  quite  puts  the  formal  biographies  of  the 
last  few  years  to  shame,  being  idealized  into  beauty 
while  retaining  all  the  rugged  fact  that  makes  the  great 
emancipator  the  hero  of  the  common  people.  —  Beside 
this  is  Mr.  Hamlin  Garland's  "  Boy  Life  on  the  Prairie  " 
(  Mac-mi  I  Inn),  a  book  in  which  the  author  is  much  more 
at  home  than  he  was  in  telling  what  little  girls  did 
under  somewhat  similar  circumstances.  The  story  of 
the  circus  is  what  any  boy  (and  most  men  as  well) 
would  call  "  bully."  —  Of  a  similar  sort,  treating  of  hunt- 
ing, fishing,  and  all  manner  of  out-of-door  life,  is  the 
book  "  .1  list  About  a  Boy  "  (Stone),  written  by  the  Mr. 
W.  S.  Phillips  who  is  best  known  under  his  pen-name 
of  "  £1  Comancho."  It  is  health  and  f  reshness  com- 
bined. —  Certain  to  recall  Uncle  Remus  are  the  tales 
gathered  by  a  Jamaica  girl,  Miss  Pamela  Column 
Smith,  from  the  negroes  of  the  West  Indies,  and  now 
published  with  her  own  illiiHtrations  under  the  name  of 
the  "  Annaiicy  Stories"  (Russell).  They  show  folk-lore 
at  its  best.  —  Mr.  Gelett  Burgess  prefixes  a  touching 
essay  on  "The  Cidivation  of  Inanimate  Things  for 
Sceptic  Parents"  to  "The  Lively  City  o'  Ligg" 
(Stokes),  which  he  has  written  and  illustrated.  An  ap- 
peal to  the  tastes  of  all  sorts  and  ages  of  men  is  thus 
made,  as  in  the  ease  of  "The  Lark.*'  —  That  President 
David  Starr  Jordan  should  have  told  stories  of  his  two 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


501 


children,  Knight  and  Barbara,  and  that  these,  with  pic- 
tures made  by  those  children,  should  now  be  published 
as  "  The  Book  of  Knight  and  Barbara"  (Appleton),  are 
bits  of  good-fortune  wholly  unexpected.  There  will  be 
found  in  the  numerous  tales  of  which  the  book  is  made 
up  some  old  friends  with  new  faces  aud  some  new 
friends  as  well. —  "  Pierrette  "  (Lane)  is  a  lovely  little 
story  of  a  prince  who  was  lost  and  found,  told  by  Mr. 
Henry  de  Vere  Stacpoole,  with  illustrations  by  Mr. 
Charles  Robinson. —  Loveliness  is  also  the  characteristic 
of  Miss  Gertrude  Smith's  pretty  book,  "  The  Wonder- 
ful Stories  of  Jane  and  John  "  (Stone),  for  which  Miss 
Alice  Woods  has  provided  color  sketches  of  more  than 

ordinary  merit After  the  manner  of  Lewis  Carroll, 

Mrs.  Sheila  E.  Braine  describes  the  doings  of  "  The 
Princess  of  Hearts  "  (imported  by  Scribuer),  the  draw- 
ings being  by  Miss  Alice  B.  Woodward.  The  resem- 
blance is  more  than  adventitious. —  Quite  of  its  own 
kind,  and  a  fitting  sequel  to  her  former  book,  "  Wabeno 
the  Magician"  (Macmillan)  is  an  interestingly  fanciful 
rendering  of  natural  scenes  and  objects  by  Mrs.  Mabel 
Osgood  Wright,  with  admirable  pictures  by  Mr.  Joseph 
M.  Gleeson. 

Rhymes,  Books  with  rhymes  and  pictures,  which  ap- 

and  pictures  peal  to  the  adult  through  one  and  the  child 
with,  them.  through  the  other,  are  not  uncommon,  and 
certainly  serve  a  useful  purpose.  Probably  the  first 
place  should  be  awarded  for  originality  to  Miss  Carolyn 
Wells's  "Jingle  Book"  (Macmillan),  for  which  Mr. 
Oliver  Herford  has  made  the  drawings.  It  more  than 
justifies  its  name,  for  what  is  thought  to  be  the  best 
alliterative  jingle  in  the  language  here  has  place,  run- 
ning as  follows:  "  Betty  Botta  bought  some  butter; 
'but,'  said  she,  'this  butter's  bitter!  If  I  put  it  in  my 
batter  it  will  make  my  batter  bitter,  but  a  better  bit  o' 
butter  will  but  make  my  batter  better.'  Then  she 
bought  a  bit  o'  butter  better  than  the  bitter  butter, 
made  her  bitter  batter  better.  So  't  was  better  Betty 
Botta  bought  a  bit  o'  better  butter!"  This  out-pipers 
Peter  Piper! — "  A  Moral  Alphabet  in  Words  of  From 
One  to  Seven  Syllables  "  (Edward  Arnold),  is  a  repeti- 
tion of  the  success  of  the  "  Bad  Child's  Book  of  Beasts  " 
and  "  More  Beasts  for  Worse  Children "  of  two  and 
three  years  ago.  The  words  are  by  "  H.  B."  (Mr. 
Hilaire  Belloc)  and  the  out-of-drawings  by  "  B.  T.  B." 

—  Not  in  the  least  for  children,  though  hardly  for  any- 
body else,  are  the  "  Ruthless  Rhymes  for   Heartless 
Homes"  (Edward  Arnold),  by  Colonel  D.  Streamer, 
with  pictures  by  "G.  H."     It  seems  to  be  American 
humor  strained  through  British  intelligences,  much  to 
its  worsening —  Any  of  Mr.  William  Nicholson's  pic- 
tures are  certain  to  be  welcomed,  and  "  The  Square 
Book  of  Animals  "  (Russell)  is  no  exception  to  the  rest, 
though  the  designs  for  it  were  done  in  1896.    But  why 
should  Mr.  Nicholson's  excellent  ideas  serve  as  a  vehicle 
to  carry,  first,  the  worst  rhymes  Mr.  Kipling  ever  wrote, 
secondly,  the  worst  rhymes  Mr.  Henley  ever  wrote,  and, 
thirdly  and  finally  here,  the  worst  rhymes  Mr.  Arthur 
Waugh  ever  wrote?     Why  not  try  the  artist  so/us?  — 
Both  rhymes  and  illustrations  are  by  Mrs.  Sarah  Noble- 
Ives  in  "Songs  of  the  Shining  Way"  (Russell),  a  thin 
but  pleasing  book   which  would  have   been   improved 
mechanically  by  the  use  of  a  paper  more  nearly  opaque. 

—  A  single  person  also  serves  both  for  draughtsman 
and  rhymester  in"  Peter  Newell's  Pictures  and  Rhymes" 
(Harper),  and  the  combination  of  Mr.  Newell's  talents 
is  most  successful. — "  In  Case  of  Need  (  These  May 
Come  Handy),5'  published  by  Small,  Maynard  &  Co., 


Pictures 

chiefly. 


with  the  pictures,  rhymes,  and  lettering  by  Mr.  Ralph 
Bergengren,  is  a  sort  of  "Slovenly  Peter"  for  adults, 
its  modernity  attested  by  the  use  of  rubaiyat  for  the 
verses.  Both  elaborate  and  witty,  the  book  is  eminently 
suitable  for  a  bachelor's  Christmas  gift,  always  a  diffi- 
cult thing  to  acquire,  while  it  will  serve  a  useful  pur- 
pose with  the  married  as  well.  There  are  moral  head- 
ings in  the  "  New  England  Primer "  style,  and  such 
sage  advice  as  this,  eutitled  "  Those  Who  Postpone 
Will  Later  Groan":  "Remember,  Friend,  the  task 
that  it  is  right  to  meet  at  its  own  moment,  do  not  slight: 
He  who  neglects  his  morn-appointed  shave  oft  finds 
scant  time  to  shave  himself  at  night."  —  In  every  way 
commending  itself,  "Child  Verse:  Poems  Grave  and 
Gay  "  (Small,  Maynard  &  Co.)  is  a  delightful  book  of 
real  poetry  from  the  pen  of  the  Reverend  John  Ban- 
ister Tabb.  Almost  unconscious  piety  is  an  unusual 
note  here  sounded  most  worthily. 

Without  verses,  but  filled  with  pictures, 
books  of  the  sort  represented  by  Mr.  Frank 
Verbeck's  "The  Three  Bears"  (Russell) 
are  as  funny  as  caricatures  of  animals  funny  in  them- 
selves can  possibly  be. —  Mr.  Albert  Bigelow  Paine,  in- 
ventor of  the  "Dumpies"  and  some  other  laughable 
things,  has  told  the  story  of  the  'possum,  the  coon,  the 
rabbit,  and  the  crow  "  In  the  Deep  Woods  "  (Russell), 
to  the  pictures  by  Mr.  J.  M.  Conde". —  Mr.  Conde",  too, 
provides  the  humorous  drawings  for  Mr.  C.  F.  Carter's 
book,  "  Katooticut,  or  The  Rooster  Who  Wanted  to  Be 
Rich"  (Russell),  in  which  a  dragon,  a  genie,  and  a 
nightmare  flourish  with  the  more  usual  types  of  crea- 
tion.—  "  Animal  Jokes  "  (Russell),  the  jokes  by  Mr.  A. 
Crawford  and  the  reproductions  of  the  animals  by  Mrs. 
M.  Baker- Baker,  is  a  very  funny  book  indeed. —  What 
might  be  styled  reversed  silhouettes  make  up  the  pic- 
tures in  "  The  Sculptor  Caught  Napping  :  A  Book  for 
the  Children's  Hour "  (Dutton).  These  are  done  by 
Mrs.  Jane  E.  Cook,  who  cuts  her  pictures  from  card- 
board, traces  the  necessary  detail  on  them  with  a  stil- 
etto, and  presents  them  here  against  a  deep  purple 
background.  The  effect  is  that  of  low  relief,  and  very 
pleasant  as  well  as  very  novel.  The  subjects  treated 
are  those  of  the  nursery,  generally  speaking. 
Another  Of  tne  various  books  treating  of  the  naval 

group  of  aspect  of  the  war  with  Spain,  Mr.  Willis 

war  book*.  j  Abbot's  "Blue  Jackets  of  1898" 
(Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.)  is  by  far  the  most  accurate  and 
the  most  interestingly  written.  Both  bo^s  and  men 
will  be  the  gainers  by  its  perusal. —  Mr.  William  O. 
Stoddard,  who  wrote  one  of  the  first  of  the  books  of  the 
late  war,  now  has  published  a  volume  containing  three 
stories,  of  which  the  third  is  a  wrecker's  tale,  rather 
than  a  warrior's.  It  is  named  from  the  first  of  these, 
"Running  the  Cuban  Blockade"  (Stone),  and  is  thril- 
ling and  well  told  throughout. —  Ruth  Ogden  (Mrs. 
Charles  W.  Ide)  tells  how  patriotic  small  boys  and  girls 
could  be  during  the  recent  war,  in  "  Loyal  Hearts  and 
True"  (Stokes).  Doubtless  the  little  Spanish  children 
were  quite  as  loyal  on  their  side. —  The  rediscovery  of 
our  ancestors  continues  in  Mrs.  Agnes  Carr  Sage's  "A 
Little  Daughter  of  the  Revolution "  (Stokes),  illus- 
trated by  Miss  Mabel  L.  Humphrey,  wherein  quite 
small  children  meet  the  heroes  of  that  day — Revolu- 
tionary sea-fighters  begin,  and  the  sailors  of  the  Span- 
ish war  end,  Mr.  George  Gibbs's  "Pike  and  Cutlass" 
(Lippincott),  thus  presenting  a  connected  picture  of  the 
national  navy.  Two  things  about  the  book  are  not  quite 
comprehensible:  Why  does  the  author  take  pains  to 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


mention  every  sailor  who  did  anything  during  the  last 
war  with  the  solitary  exception  of  Admiral  Schley? 
And  why  does  he,  in  the  pictures  be  drew  for  the  book, 
depict  "Fighting  Bob"  Evans  in  the  uniform  of  the 
war  of  1812  ?  Were  there  conning  towers  in  those 
days? — Mr.  Gibbs  makes  the  pictures  for  Mr.  M.  J. 
Canavan's  •«  Ben  Comee,  a  Tale  of  Rogers's  Rangers, 
1758-60  "  (Macmillan),  which  goes  back  of  the  Revo- 
lution quite  a  distance,  but  revolves  around  Lexington 
as  a  centre. —  One  long  step  farther  back  is  Mrs.  Beulah 
Marie  Dix's  "  Soldier  Rigdale,  How  be  Sailed  in  the 
Mayflower,  and  How  he  Served  Miles  Stand  ish  "  (Mac- 
millan). The  pictures  are  by  Mr.  Reginald  B.  Birch, 
and  the  book  is  of  historical  interest —  •'  With  Perry 
on  Lake  Erie  "  (Wilde)  is  a  good  story  of  the  second 
war  of  independence,  told  by  Mr.  James  Otis.  It  has 
the  merit  of  introducing  the  reader  to  the  facts  prelim- 
inary to  the  great  battle. —  Concerned  with  the  Revo- 
lution again  is  "An  Unknown  Patriot"  (Houghton), 
by  Mr.  Frank  Samuel  Child.  It  is  instructive  to  see 
the  former  hatred  of  Great  Britain  slipping  away  in  all 
these  books;  we  are  apparently  as  anxious  to  please  the 
mother  country  now  as  we  used  to  be  anxious  when  she 
gave  us  dispraise  in  days  gone  by. —  Dr.  Gordon  Stables 
is  belated  in  point  of  time  with  his  "  Remember  the 
Maine  "  (Jacobs),  and,  we  trust,  in  point  of  sentiment 
as  well.  The  book  is  chiefly  interesting  as  showing  a 
British  point  of  view. —  Never  failing  in  its  appeal  to 
all  English-speaking  boys  and  men,  the  life  of  Sir 
Francis  Drake  carries  a  tradition  for  seamanship  and 
daring  down  the  ages.  Mr.  James  Barnes  has  rather 
followed  the  beaten  path  of  the  bold  captain's  biog- 
raphers than  marked  one  out  for  himself,  as  he  has  so 
often;  but  "Drake  and  his  Yeomen"  (Macmillan)  is 
a  good  book  nevertheless.  Why  can't  Mr.  Barnes 
write  another  and  tell  of  Drake's  singeing  the  King  of 
Spain's  beard  ? 

If  Mr.  George  Riddle  had  given  a  little 
more  American  verse  in  his  "Modern 
Reader  and  Speaker"  (Stone),  it  would 
have  left  nothing  to  be  desired.  There  is  surely  no  rea- 
son why  boys  should  not  have  a  chance  at  the  good 
things  of  to-day  as  well  as  at  those  of  day  before  yes- 
terday.—  That  it  is  vastly  more  amusing  to  keep  ani- 
mals and  watch  them  than  to  shoot  them  for  specimens, 
is  the  humane  lesson  of  Mr.  Wardlaw  Kennedy's 
"  Beasts,  Thumb-Nail  Studies  in  Pets  "  (Macmillan). 
Most  of  the  beasts  are  reptiles,  and  a  more  interesting 
book  could  hardly  be  found. —  Miss  Charlotte  M.  Yonge 
(familiar  name)  writes  "  The  Herd  Boy  and  his  Her- 
mit" (Whittaker),  a  characteristic  story  of  mediaeval 
piety,  for  which  Mr.  W.  S.  Staoey  provides  some  inter- 
esting pictures. —  "  Phil  and  I  "  (Nelson)  is  a  story  of 
an  English  boy  and  the  heir  of  an  exiled  French  noble- 
man during  the  Napoleonic  wars.  The  times  and  the 
story  are  well  set  forth —  Real  mischief -making  boys 
and  girls  have  their  lives  portrayed  by  E.  Nesbit  (Mrs. 
Hubert  Bland)  in  "The  Story  of  the  Treasure  Seek- 
ers "  (Stokes).  The  children  were  not  looking  for  mere 
gold.  Messrs.  Gordon  Browne  and  Lewis  Baumer  make 

the  pictures  for  the  book  in  all  sympathy Boys  at 

school  and  their  capacity  for  dramatization  afford  the 
fun  in  MMobsley's  Mohicans  "  (Nelson),  by  Mr.  Harold 

Avery.     The  book  is  praiseworthy Another  of  the 

unwearied  Mr.  James  Otis's  books,  and  the  third  of  his 
"  Telegraph  "  series,  is  "  Telegraph  Tom's  Ventures  " 
(Werner).  Crime  and  melodrama  are  its  portion. — 
Rather  teaching  the  cruelty  of  slaughtering  birds  for 


A  HUU  of 

€V€fy  thing, 


For  little 
chitdrtn. 


decorative  purposes  than  indicating  any  great  knowl- 
edge of  ornithology,  "  Dickey  Downey:  The  Autobiog- 
raphy of  a  Bird"  (A.  J.  Rowland),  by  Mrs.  Virginia 
Sharpe  Patterson,  is  still  a  necessary  book.  Intended 
primarily  for  children,  it  deserves  circulation  among 
their  elders,  so  long  as  dead  birds  are  used  in  millin- 
ery.—  A  fourth  edition  of  Miss  Maud  Menefee's  "Child 
Stories  from  the  Masters  "  (privately  printed)  will  be 
welcomed  by  the  intelligent  everywhere.  It  is  more 
beautiful  than  its  predecessors  by  a  cover  design  from 
Mr.  Leyendecker's  clever  pencil;  but  its  charmingly 
simple  account  of  the  great  masterpieces  makes  it 
almost  indispensable  in  teaching  children  the  nobility 
of  art —  "  A  Life  of  St  Paul  for  the  Young  "  (Jacobs), 
by  Mr.  George  Ludiugton  Weed,  is  a  direct  and  Chris- 
tianly  sympathetic  account  of  the  great  missionary  and 

dogmatist,  not  above  the  grasp  of  the  childish  mind 

"  Ways  of  Wood  Folk  "  (Ginu)  is  an  instructive  and 
pleasantly  written  account  of  forest  animals  and  animal 
life,  by  Mr.  William  J.  Long. 

The  really  interesting  books  for  smaller 
children  may  be  beaded  by  that  excellent 
publication,  "The  Little  Folks' Illustrated 
Annual  "  (Dana  Estes).  Both  in  prose  and  verse,  the 
selections  are  of  the  sort  which  cannot  fail  to  entertain 
the  youngsters. —  "The  Little  Browns"  (imported  by 
Scribner)  are  a  wholesome  and  happy  set  of  small  chil- 
dren for  whose  acquaintance  we  are  indebted  to  Miss 
Mabel  E.  Wotton.  A  real  burglar  comes  upon  the  scene 
in  the  guise  of  an  uncle,  and  the  children  play  detective 
in  the  most  approved  manner —  Another  housebreaker 
is  the  hero  of  "The  Burglar's  Daughter"  (Jordan, 
Marsh  &  Co.),  written  by  Miss  Margaret  Pen  rose  and 
illustrated  by  Mr.  Frank  T.  Merrill.  This  hero  is  saved 
by  his  little  girl,  whose  room  he  enters  under  a  misap- 
prehension, discovering  his  inadvertence  when  he  is 
about  to  take  a  present  he  had  made  her. —  Mrs.  Moles- 
worth  is  the  author  of  "  This  and  That,  a  Tale  for  Two 
Tinies"  (Macmillan),  the  pictures  being  by  Mr.  Hugh 
Thomson  in  an  earlier  manner.  The  book  has  the  merit 
of  all  Mrs.  Molesworth's  work,  and  shows  how  real  and 
how  trivial  the  grief  and  trouble  of  the  child  always  is. 
— Four  of  the  "  Nister  "  books  are  published  by  Duttou 
on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic:  "  The  Voyage  of  the  Mary 
Adair,"  by  Miss  Frances  E.  Crompton,  with  pictures  by 
Miss  Evelyn  Lanse;  "Tattine,"  by  Mrs.  Ide  ("Ruth 
Ogden ") ;  "  Honor  Bright,  a  Story  of  the  Days  of 
King  Charles,"  by  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Roswell,  illustrated 
by  Miss  E.  Stuart  Hardy;  and  "The  Kingfisher's  Egg, 
and  Other  Stories,"  of  which  the  first  is  by  Mrs.  L.  T. 
Meade,  and  the  others  by  Miss  Ellis  Walton,  Miss  Ger- 
aldine  R.  Glasgow,  and  several  more.  All  have  attrac- 
tive cover  designs  in  bright  colors,  and  are  filled  with 
pictures. — "Mother  Duck's  Children"  (Russell)  is  by 
"  Gugu,"  and  has  decided  merit. —  "  Master  Martin  " 
(Jacobs)  is  all  that  the  title  of  dignity  implies,  and 
there  is  also  a  child  Sir  Theodore  in  the  book  to  give  it 
an  air.  It  is  written  by  Mrs.  Emma  Marshall. —  Miss 
Amy  E.  Blanchard,  purveyor  of  pleasant  and  innocuous 
tales  for  the  young,  finds  a  congenial  theme  in  "A 
Sweet  Little  Maid  "  (Jacobs),  who  is  as  sweet  as  any 
small  child  may  lawfully  be:  almost  sweeter. —  "Old 
Father  Gander;  or,  The  Better  Half  of  Mother  Goose  " 
(Page)  is  a  book  of  jingling  and  rather  elderly  rhymes 
accompanied  by  any  quantity  of  pictures  in  color  and 
in  black  and  white.  Mr.  Walter  Scott  Howard  is  the 
person  responsible  for  it  all. —  Of  more  importance  and 
rather  different  in  its  appeal,  "  Little  Leather  Breeches, 


1899.] 


THE    DIAL 


503 


and  Other  Southern  Rhymes"  (J.  F.  Taylor  &  Co.)  is  a 
collection  of  original  verses,  folk  lore  tales  in  rhyme, 
negro  songs,  street  cries,  and  other  matter  from  the  other 
side  of  Mason  and  Dixon's  line.  The  numerous  colored 
pictures  are  from  the  hand  of  the  collector  and  rhyme- 
ster, Mr.  Francis  P.  Wightman. 

No  book  for  the  holidays,  whether  for 
Ola  favorites  young  or  old,  has  more  attractiveness  than 

«  The  Golden  Age,"  Mr.  Maxfield  Parrish 
providing  most  admirable  pictures  for  Mr.  Kenneth 
Grahame's  delicious  text,  and  Mr.  John  Lane  giving  it 
a  sumptuous  dress  worthy  of  its  literary  and  pictorial 
content.  It  is  a  book  to  be  treasured  by  bibliophiles. — As 
a  worthy  companion  to  "  A  Hundred  Fables  of  ^Esop," 
Mr.  Percy  J.  Billinghurst  illustrates  "  A  Hundred 
Fables  of  La  Fontaine  "  (Lane),  making  a  most  desir- 
able pair  of  minor  classics. — Another  reprint,  appropri- 
ate for  very  good  children  indeed,  is  Swift's  "  Gulliver's 
Travels  "  (Lane),  with  pictures  by  Mr.  Herbert  Cole 
and  the  text  duly  bowdlerized. 


LITERARY  NOTES. 


"  Caesar  for  Beginners,"  a  first  Latin  book  by  Mr. 
William  T.  St.  Clair,  is  published  by  Messrs.  Longmans, 
Green,  &  Co. 

Mr.  G.  Bernard  Shaw's  novel,  "  Cashel  Byron's  Pro- 
fession," has  been  published  by  the  Messrs.  Brentano 
in  a  new  edition. 

"  The  Surgeon's  Daughter "  is  imported  by  the 
Messrs.  Scribner  as  the  latest  volume  of  the  "  Temple  " 
edition  of  Scott's  novels. 

A  work  on  "Embroidery,"  by  Mr.  W.  G.  Paulson 
Townsend  and  others,  has  recently  been  published  by 
Messrs.  Truslove,  Hanson,  &  Comba. 

That  diverting  little  book,  Mrs.  Hugh  Bell's  "  Conver- 
sational Openings  and  Endings,"  has  just  been  brought 
out  in  a  revised  edition  by  Mr.  Edward  Arnold. 

"  Villette,"  in  two  volumes,  has  just  been  published 
in  the  handsome  library  edition  of  the  Bronte  novels, 
which  the  Scribners  import  for  the  American  market. 

Volume  IV.  of  the  "  Critical  and  Miscellaneous  Es- 
says "  of  Carlyle,  in  the  new  "  Centenary  "  edition,  has 
just  been  imported  by  Messrs.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

"Mythology,"  "  Law,"  "  Palmistry,"  and  "  Dancing," 
are  the  respective  titles  of  four  small  manuals  for  pop- 
ular instruction  just  issued  by  the  Penn  Publishing  Co. 

Dr.  Guy  Carleton  Lee  is  the  author  of  a  work  on  the 
"  Principles  of  Public  Speaking,"  which  is  published  by 
the  Messrs.  Putnam.  It  includes  a  list  of  subjects  for 
debate  and  a  section  on  parliamentary  law. 

Seneca's  "  Medea  "  and  "  The  Daughters  of  Troy," 
put  into  English  blank  verse  by  Miss  Ella  Isabel  Harris, 
and  provided  with  an  introductory  essay,  are  published 
in  a  small  volume  by  Messrs.  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 

"  England  in  the  Nineteenth  Century  "  (Longmans), 
by  Mr.  C.  W.  Oman,  is  a  condensed  historical  manual 
that  might  fitly  be  used  as  a  school-book,  but  may  also 
claim  the  attention  of  the  general  reader  as  a  succinct 
summing-up  of  its  subject  and  period. 

A  valuable  map  of  the  seat  of  war  in  Africa,  thirty- 
two  by  forty-six  inches  in  size,  accompanies  the  "  Na- 
tional Geographic  Magazine"  (Washington,  D.  C.)  for 
December.  The  map  shows  in  detail  the  mountain 


roads,  railroads,  telegraph  lines,  stations,  and  all  phys- 
ical features  necessary  to  a  clear  understanding  of  the 
country  in  which  the  British  and  Boers  are  at  present 
fighting,  and  as  the  map  was  prepared  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  War  Department,  its  official  nature  guar- 
antees the  correctness  of  the  details. 

"  The  Mirror  of  Perfection,"  the  oldest  life  of  St. 
Francis  of  Assissi,  discovered  by  M.  Paul  Sabatier  and 
by  him  edited  in  the  original  Latin,  has  now  been  put 
into  English  by  Mr.  Sebastian  Evans,  and  published  by 
Messrs.  L.  C.  Page  &  Co.  It  makes  a  very  pretty  book. 

The  "  Syllabus  of  a  Course  of  Eighty-seven  Lectures 
on  Modern  European  History"  (Macmillan),  prepared 
primarily  for  the  use  of  his  students  by  Professor  H. 
Morse  Stephens,  is  a  volume  of  much  usefulness  to 
teachers  of  history,  and  embodies  the  experience  gained 
by  five  years  of  work  in  Cornell  University. 

The  latest  publications,  in  fiction,  issued  by  Mr. 
Drexel  Biddle,  Philadelphia,  include  "  Giles  Ingilby  " 
by  W.  E.  Norris,  "  La  Strega  "  by  Ouida,  "  An  Atlantic 
Tragedy"  by  Clark  Russell,  "  Zuleka "  by  Clinton 
Ross,  "  Strong  as  Death  "  by  Guy  de  Maupassant,  "  The 
Laurel  Walk  "  by  Mrs.  Molesworth,  and  "  The  Money 
Market "  by  E.  F.  Benson. 

Volume  II.  of  Professor  Alfred  Gudeman's  "  Latin 
Literature  of  the  Empire  "  (Harper)  includes  selections 
from  the  poets,  a  dozen  or  more,  Juvenal,  Lucan,  Sen- 
eca, Statius,  Claudianus,  and  Silius  Italicus  being  rep- 
resented by  something  like  forty  pages  each.  It  is  a 
useful  anthology,  for  students  do  hot  often  get  hold  of 
some  of  the  poets  represented. 

President  Hadley  of  Yale  will  deliver  an  address  on 
"  Economic  Theory  and  Political  Morality "  at  the 
opening  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Eco- 
nomic Association,  at  Cornell  University,  December  27. 
The  programme  of  papers  and  discussions  is  one  of  un- 
usual interest,  the  problems  of  Trusts  and  Combinations 
occupying  especial  prominence. 

A  "  Catalogue  of  the  Best  Books  "  in  all  departments 
of  literature  is  issued  by  The  Burrows  Brothers  Com- 
pany of  Cleveland.  The  titles  are  properly  classified  in 
departments,  and  the  triple  index  entries  —  by  author, 
subject,  and  title — make  everything  instantly  accessible. 
The  volume  has  four  hundred  pages,  well  printed,  and 
is  a  very  creditable  bibliographical  production. 

Professor  William  Macdonald's  "Select  Charters  and 
other  Documents  Illustrative  of  American  History " 
(Macmillan)  covers  the  pre-Revolutionary  period,  and 
places  within  the  hands  of  the  student  a  great  mass  of 
material  not  easily  accessible  otherwise.  It  affords 
another  indication  of  the  praiseworthy  tendency,  so  con- 
spicuous of  late  in  our  educational  literature,  to  bring; 
original  documents  to  the  hands  of  our  teachers. 

Mr.  Henry  S.  Pancoast's  "Standard  English  Poems" 
(Holt)  is  a  compilation  intended  for  school  use  in  connec- 
tion with  any  text-book  of  the  history  of  ourliterature^ 
although,  of  course,  prepared  with  special  reference  to 
the  author's  own  excellent  manual  of  the  subject.  The 
selections  range  from  "  Chevy  Chase  "  to  Mr.  Kipling's 
"  Recessional,"  which  latter  is  the  only  example  given 
from  any  poet  now  living.  The  book  has  seven  hun- 
dred and  fifty  pages,  of  which  about  two  hundred  are 
notes  and  other  editorial  matter. 

The  Bibliographical  Society  of  Chicago  was  organized 
on  the  evening  of  Dec.  8,  at  a  meeting  held  in  the 
Public  Library  rooms.  Its  membership  comprises  rep- 
resentatives of  the  libraries  of  the  city,  of  the  Univer- 


504 


TIIK     DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


sity  and  other  educational  institutions,  of  the  publishing 
interests,  and  of  the  general  book-loving  element  . 
public.  It  is  a  national  rather  than  a  local  association 
in  scope,  baring  the  field  to  itself  as  far  as  the  United 
States  is  concerned.  The  aims  of  the  Society  are  stated 
as  follows:  1,  to  encourage  and  promote  bibliographical 
study  and  research;  2,  to  compile  and  publish  special 
bibliographies;  and,  3,  to  arouse  interest  in  the  history 
of  books  and  libraries. 

Mr.  William  S.  Lord  some  months  ago  asked  two 
hundred  «« representative  literary  people  "  to  send  him 
lists  of  twenty-five  of  the  best  short  poems  in  nine- 
teenth century  English  literature.  The  poems  receiving 
the  highest  numbers  of  votes  are  now  printed  in  a  neat 
booklet  entitled  "The  Best  Short  Poems  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Century"  (Revell).  They  are  beaded  by  "The 
Chambered  Nautilus,"  and  footed  by  Wordsworth's 
"  Daffodils."  It  goes  without  saying  that  they  are  all 
good  poems,  and  also  that  they  are  not  the  best.  That 
is,  they  are  the  favorites  of  intelligent  readers,  not  the 
masterpieces  recognized  by  authoritative  critics.  Ten- 
nyson has  four  of  the  number,  Wordsworth  three,  and 
fifteen  other  poets  one  or  two  each. 

The  publishing  and  bookselling  fraternity,  and  the 
book  world  generally,  will  learn  with  regret  of  the  de- 
struction by  fire  of  the  large  establishment  of  the  J.  B. 
Lippincott  Company  of  Philadelphia,  one  of  the  oldest 
and  best  equipped  houses  in  the  country.  Although  the 
loss  of  stock  was  complete,  most  of  the  plates  of  the 
standard  works  published  by  the  house  were  found  to 
be  uninjured,  and  the  presses  and  binderies  of  the  city 
were  at  once  set  at  work  in  producing  new  editions,  so 
that  orders  can  shortly  be  filled  as  before.  With  praise- 
worthy enterprise  the  firm  at  once  secured  new  quarters 
and  began  the  construction  of  a  new  building,  which, 
with  new  and  complete  machinery  and  equipment,  may 
be  expected  to  place  the  house  in  a  more  advantageous 
position  than  it  before  enjoyed. 

"  The  International  Monthly,"  further  described  as 
41  a  magazine  of  contemporary  thought,"  is  to  be  launched 
by  the  Messrs.  Macmillan  on  the  first  of  next  month. 
It  is  to  be  edited  by  Mr.  Frederick  A.  Richardson,  with 
the  assistance  of  an  advisory  board  made  up  of  twelve 
distinct  committees,  having  in  their  special  charge  the 
twelve  departments  of  history,  philosophy,  psychology, 
sociology,  comparative  religion,  literature,  fine  art,  biol- 
ogy, medicine,  geology,  physics,  and  industrial  art. 
Each  committee  is  supposed  to  include  an  American,  an 
Englishman,  a  Frenchman,  and  a  German.  Thus  the 
department  of  literature  is  under  the  direction  of  Pro- 
fessor W.  P.  Trent,  Dr.  Richard  Garnett,  M.  Gustave 
Lanson,  and  Professor  Alois  Brandl.  These  names  cer- 
tainly inspire  confidence,  and  are  fairly  typical  of  the 
sort  of  scholarship  enlisted  for  the  entire  enterprise. 
Not  less  than  five  essays  will  be  included  in  each  num- 
ber of  the  journal,  and  these  essays  will  be  given  suf- 
ficient space  to  permit  their  respective  subjects  to  be 
treated  seriously,  if  not  exhaustively.  In  fact,  it  looks 
as  if  we  were  now  to  have  for  the  first  time  in  this 
country  a  review  in  which  writers  may  express  them- 
selves at  such  length  as  to  make  it  really  worth  their 
while.  We  understand  that  it  is  the  plan  of  the  man- 
agement to  select  such  subjects  as  may  be  dealt  with 
instructively  from  the  standpoints  of  the  four  nations, 
and  to  assign  each  subject  of  this  sort  to  an  American, 
an  English,  a  French,  and  a  German  writer  for  treat- 
ment. The  plan  is  a  praiseworthy  one,  and  should  re- 
sult in  some  valuable  comparative  studies. 


l.i-r  OK   N  i  v\    I;.,.,K«.. 

[The  following  litt,  containing  SS7  title*,  includei  book* 
received  by  THE  DIAL  iince  itt  latt  IMIM.J 

HOLIDAY  GIFT  BOOK*. 

The  Grandissimes.  By  George  W.  Cable ;  illus.  in  photo- 
gravure by  Albert  Herter.  Large  Kvo,  gilt  top.  uncut, 
pp.  491.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $6. 

Saraclnesca.  By  F.  Marion  Crawford  ;  illus.  in  photogra- 
vure by  Oraon  Lowell.  In  2  voU.,  8vo,  gilt  tope,  uncut. 
Macmillan  Co.  $5. 

Janice  Meredith :  A  Story  of  the  American  Revolution.  1  Jy 
Paul  Leicester  Ford.  Holiday  edition  :  with  frontispieces 
in  colon,  and  illustrations  by  Howard  Pyle  and  his  pupil*. 
In  2  vols.,  8vo,  gilt  tops,  uncut.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $5. 

Some  Colonial  Mansions  and  Those  Who  Laved  in  Them. 
With  genealogies  of  the  various  families  mentioned.  I  ;\- 
Thomas  Allen  Qlenn.  Second  aeries.  Illus.  in  photograv- 
ure, etc.,  large  8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  503.  Henry  T. 
Coates  A  Co.  $5. 

Browning.  Poet  and  Man  :  A  Survey.  By  Elisabeth  Luther 
Gary.  Illus.  in  photogravure,  large  «vo,  gilt  top,  uncut, 
pp.  282.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $3.75. 

Plantation  Sketches :  Drawings  of  Negro  Life.  By  J.  Camp- 
bell Phillips.  Oblong  4to.  R.  H.  Russell.  $3. 

Tales  from  Boccaccio.  Done  into  English  by  Joseph  Jacobs ; 
illns.  by  Byam  Shaw.  Hvo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  118.  Trns- 
love,  Hanson  &  Coraba,  Ltd.  82.50. 

My  Study  Fire.  By  Hamilton  Wright  Mabie ;  illus.  in  pho- 
togravure, etc.,  by  Maude,  Alice,  and  Genevieve  Cow  lea. 
8vo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  288.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $2.50. 

Lalla  Rookb:  An  Oriental  Romance.  By  Thomas  Moore. 
Illus.,  12mo,  gilt  top,  pp.  296.  Dana  Kates  A  Co. 

Vanity  Fair.  By  William  Makepeace  Thackeray.  "  Becky 
Sharp"  edition.  Illus.  with  48  scenes  from  the  comedy  as 
presented  by  Mrs.  Fiske  and  her  company.  8vo,  gilt  top, 
uncut,  pp.  676.  Harper  &  Brothers.  $2.50. 

Peg  Wofflngton.  By  Charles  Reade ;  with  Introduction  by 
Austin  Dobson  ;  illus.  by  Hngh  Thomson.  I'-'mo,  gilt  top, 
pp.  298.  Doubleday  &  McClure  Co.  $2. 

Sketches  of  Lowly  Life  in  a  Great  City:  A  Book  of  Draw- 
ings by  Michael  Angelo  Woolf .  Edited  by  Joseph  Henius. 
Oblong  4to,  pp.  185.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  82. 

Cupid  and  Coronet:  Drawings  by  Malcolm  A.  Strauss. 
Oblong  4to.  R.  H.  Russell.  $2. 

The  British  Isles  through  an  Opera  Glass.  By  Charles 
M.  Taylor,  Jr.  Illus.  from  photographs,  1 -mo,  gilt  top, 
uncut,  pp.  320.  George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.  $2. 

Famous  Actors  of  the  Day  in  America.  By  Lewis  C.  Strang. 
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Barr.     Ulna.,  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  278.     New  York:   J.  F. 
Taylor  &  Co.    $1.50. 

Was  It  Right  to  Forgive?    A  Domestic  Romance.     By 
Amelia  E.  Barr.     12mo,  gilt  top,  uncut,  pp.  294.     H.  S. 
Stone  &  Co.    $1.25. 
Dracula.  By  Bram  Stoker.  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  378.  Doubleday 

A  McClnre  Co.    $1.50. 
The  Favor  of  Princes.     By  Mark  Lee  Luther.    12rao,  gilt 

top,  uncut,  pp.  259.     Macmillan  Co.     $1.50. 
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Soldier  Rigdale:  How  he  Sailed  in  the  "Mayflower"  and 

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Rose  Island:  The  Strange  Story  of  a  Love  Adventure  at 

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359.    H.  S.  Stone  &  Co.     $1.25. 

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An  Unknown  Patriot:  A  Story  of  the  Secret  Service.    By 
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•H. .'.'.. 


1899.J 


THE    DIAL 


507 


A  Queen  of  Atlantis :  A  Romance  of  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

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Co.    $1.50. 

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The  Wreck  of  the  Conemaugh :  A  Record  of  Some  Events 

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A  New  Divinity,  and  Other  Stories.     By  "  Chola."     1'Jrno, 

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TRAVEL  AND  DESCRIPTION. 

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The  Stones  of  Paris  in  History  and  Letters.    By  Benjamin 

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THEOLOGY  AND  RELIGION. 

Encyclopaedia  Biblica:  A  Critical  Dictionary  of  the  Bible. 
Edited  by  Rev.  T.  K.  Cheyne,  M.A.,  and  J.  Sutherland 
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Texts  Explained ;  or,  Helps  to  Understand  the  New  Testa- 
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The  Old  Book  and  the  Old  Faith  Reviewed  in  a  Series  of 
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Daily  Thoughts  for  Priests.  By  Very  Rev.  J.  B.  Hogan. 
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Romanism  in  its  Home.  By  John  H.  Eager,  D.D.;  with 
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SOCIAL,  POLITICAL,  AND  ECONOMIC 
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Primitive  Love  and  Love-Stories.  By  Henry  T.  Finck. 
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lems and  Obligations.  Edited  by  Rev.  J.  E.  Hand ;  with 
Preface  by  Rev.  Charles  Gore,  M.A.  12mo,  uncut,  pp.  474. 
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The  Future  of  the  American  Negro.  By  Booker  T. 
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A  Dividend  to  Labor:  A  Study  of  Employers'  Welfare 
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Our  Foes  at  Home.  By  Hugh  H.  Lusk.  12mo,  pp.  297. 
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Open  Court  Publishing  Co.    $2. 


508 


THE    DIAL 


[Dec.  16, 


Evolution  by  Atrophy  in  Biology  and  Sociology.  By  Jean 
Demoor,  Jean  Masaart.  and  Entile  Vandervelde  ;  trans,  by 
Mn.  Coalmen  Mitchell.  Illus.,  l-'mo,  ,,,,.  :i-.-_'.  ••Inter- 
national ScientiBo  Seriea."  D.  Appletou  &  Co.  ?l..v>. 

A  History  of  Wireless  Telegraphy,  ISSH-lvn.  Including 
some  bare- wire  proposals  for  subaqueous  telegraphs.  By 
J.  J.  Fahie.  Illus.,  12mo,  pp.  325.  Dodd,  Mead  A  Co.  $2. 

Science  and  Faith;  or,  Man  as  an  Animal,  and  Man  M  a 
Member  of  Society.  By  Dr.  Paul  Topinard  ;  trans,  from 
the  author's  MS.  by  Thomas  J.  McCormuck.  I'-'iuo,  gilt 
top,  pp.  374.  Open  Court  Publishing  Co.  $1.50. 

NATURE. 

A  Farmer's  Year:  Being  his  Commonplace  Book  for  1898. 
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mans, Green,  A  Co.  $2.50. 

A  Cotswold  Village;  or.  Country  Life  and  Pursuits  in 
Gloucestershire.  By  J.  Arthur  Qibbs.  Illus.,  8ro,  gilt 
top,  uncut,  pp.  431.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $3.75. 

A  World  in  a  Garden.  By  R.  Nelsh.  Illus.  in  photogra- 
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The  Honey-Makers,  By  Margaret  Warner  Morley.  Illus., 
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Beasts:  Thumb- Nail  Studies  in  Pets.  By  Wardlaw  Ken- 
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ART  AND  ARCHAEOLOGY. 

Old  English  Plate,  Ecclesiastical,  Decorative,  and  Domes- 
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The  Art  of  the  Old  Masters,  as  Told  by  Cennino  Cennini 
in  i  t.!7.  Newly  translated,  with  Note*,  etc..  by  Christiana 
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A  Handbook  of  Greek  and  Roman  Coins.  By  O.  F. 
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millan Co.  $2.25  net. 

The  Treasures  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  of 
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MISCELLANEOUS. 

Popular  Handbooks.  Comprising :  Dancing,  by  Marguerite 
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Penn  Pu 


ifflfift? 


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A  Satisfactory  Christmas  Gift. 


THE  O-H/-O." 


*A  Story  of  Quaker  Life. 

By  CHARLES  HUMPHREY  ROBERTS. 

The  scene  is  laid  in  the  Quaker  communities  along  the  Ohio  Hirer, 
and  the  story  has  a  strong  local  flavor  and  contain*  many  vivid  word 
picture§  and  description*.  The  period  U  that  Immediately  preceding 
the  Civil  War,  and  the  famou*  "  Underground  Railroad,"  (or  helping 
fleeing  slaves  to  freedom,  U  brought  dramatically  into  the  story. 
In  tasteful  cloth  binding,  sent  postpaid  to  any  address  sa  a  Chr 
for  50  cents  by 

C.  H.  KELLER,  Manager, 
Room  614.  No.  145  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago,  III. 


AN   INDEX  OF  ADVERTISERS 

Appearing  in  THE  DIAL'S  Holiday  Issues,  December  1  and  16,  1899. 


NEW  YORK  CITY.  rut* 

Macmillan  Company  .    .    .      404  to  411,  478 
Charle*  Srribner's  Bon*   402-3,  405  to  470,  616 

Century  Co 389  to  392 

Harper  &  Brothers     ....     385,  472,  473 

D.  Appleton  &  Co 412,  477 

O.  P.  Putnam'*  Son* SO 

Henry  Holt  &  Co 442 

Thomas  Nelson  &  Sons  .    .    .     396,  397,  471 
Donbleday  &  McClure  Company  .    .    450,  476 

Longmans,  Oreen,  A  Co 446 

John  Lane 444 

Dodd,  Mead  A  Co 467 

M.  F.  Mansfield  A  A.  Weasels      ....  394 

J.  F.  Taylor  A  Co 458,  613 

Fords,  Howard  A  Hulbert 510 

Baker  &  Taylor  Company  .  454,  462.  COS,  611 
R.  H.  Russell 442 

E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 395 

K.  A  J.  B.  Young  &  Co 462 

Jsme*  Pott  A  Co 453 

American  Book  Company 460 

Century  Magazine       389 

Bcribner'.  Magasine 470 

Harper'.  Magasine 472,  473 

St.  Nicholas  Magasine 392 

Book  Buyer 616 

Review  of  Reviews 466 

Brentano'i .    441,  611 

William  R.  .lenkin* 462,  608 

F.  E.  Grant 462,  60S 

Wyckoff,  Seaman*  A  Benedict     ....  463 

Joseph  Olllott  A  Sons 462,  614 

Booruin  A  Pease  Company ....    462,  614 
New  York  Bureau  of  Revision      ..    462,  608 

Walter  Romeyn  Benjamin 462 

Alez'r  Denham  &  Co 441 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

J.  B.  LJpplncott  Company  ....    386,  387 
Penn  Publishing  Company       .    .    .    461,  609 

Dreisl  Biddle 449 

George  W.  Jacob.  A  Co 458,  474 

T  8.  Leach  &  Co 612 

University  of  Pennsylvania     .     .     .    402,  611 

L.  C.  Boaame 462,  608 

E.Roth 462,001 


BOSTON,  MASS.  PAOI 

Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.      .    .      388,  441,  474 

Little,  Brown,  A  Co 443 

Dana  Bates  A  Co.        398,880 

L.  C.  Psge  &  Co. 476 

D.  C.  Heath  &  Co. 397,  611 

Oinn  A  Co 399 

Benj.  H.  Sanborn  A  Co 441,511 

Pilgrim  Press 462 

W.  A.  Wilde  Company 459 

Forbes  A  Co. 461,  610 

Charle*  E.  Lauriat  Company  .    .    .    462,  511 

Old  South  Leaflets 451 

L'  Echo  de  la  Bessalue 462,  608 

Author*'  Agency 462 

Frank  W.  Bird 461,  508 

CAM  BRIDGEPORT,  MASS. 

Cambridgeport  Diary  Company  ....  461 

SPRINGFIELD.  MASS. 
O.  A  C.  Merriam  Company 4iJl 

HARTFORD,  CONN. 
Travelers  Insurance  Company     ....  466 

ALBANY,  N.  Y. 

Joseph  McDonough 461,  514 

BETHLEHEM,  PA. 

Busacuac  Weaving  Company  .    .    .    463,  514 

DENVER.  COLO. 

Burton  Society 451,  609 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 
Doxey  Book  Company 509 

FORKIGtf. 

LONDON,  ENGLAND. 

William  Dawson  A  Boot,  Ltd.      .    .    462,  608 

Walter  T.  Spencer 462 

Alex'r  Denham  A  Co 441 

BIRMINGHAM,  ENGLAND. 
Baker'*  Book  Shop 462,  808 

MUNICH.  GERMANY. 
Jacques  Rosenthal 462,  606 


CHICAGO,  ILL.  rxos 

Laird  A  Lee 446,  447 

Fleming  H.  Revel)  Company 400 

Callaghan  A  Co 464 

A.  C.  McClurg  A  Co 401 

Rand,  McNally  A  Co 448 

Amrrican  Book  Company 460 

D.  C.  Heath  A  Co 397,  511 

Oinn  A  Co 300 

Pilgrim  Press 462,  460 

Advance  Publishing  Company     ....  468 
David  C.  Cook  Publishing  Company    .    .  453 

W.  A.  Wilde  Company 459 

Forbes  A  Co 461,  510 

Brentano'. 460,  462,  513,  514 

Bchltsinger  A  Mayer 460 

Western  MethodUt  Book  Concern    ...  461 

F.  M.  Morris 462,  614 

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516 


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[Dec.  16,  1899. 


FOR  BOOK  LOVERS 


Mrs.  Burnett's  New  Novel 
•  •  In  Connection 
with  the 
DeWilloughby  Claim  " 


TOC1ETHHR    WITH 


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TRINITY  BELLS.    By  AMELIA  E.  BARR. 

Sixteen  full-page  illustration*  by  C.  &L  RBLYEA.     Green 

cloth,  with  silver  bells.    8vo,  $1 .50." 

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wholesome  story,  that 


r  I'rfi>. 


THE  NOVELTY  OF  THE  8BA8ON. 


LITTLE  LEATHER  BREECHES. 

By  FRANCIS  P.  WIGHTMAN. 

Forty-eight  full-page  colored  illustrations  and  coyer  by 
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other  similar  bodies,  and  their  valve  inersaiis  with  each  wioceedmg 


Books  of  this  kind  are  still  very  rare  In  this  country,  notwith- 
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an  exceptionally  attractive 
stock  of  books  in  all  depart- 
ments of  Literature,  in  addi- 
tion to  a  choice  collection  of 
French  and  German  books, 
and  works  in  other  languages, 
suitable  to  the  holidays. 

Important  reductions  from 
publishers'  prices  prevail. 

Safe  delivery  of  books  by 
mail  guaranteed  throughout 
the  world. 

Brentano's 


218  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago 

TMB   DIAL   FUSS,  CMICAOO. 


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