Skip to main content

Full text of "The Dial"

See other formats 


From  the  collection  of  the 


z    n 
_  z_    m 

o  Prelinger 


Ti 

i 

JLJ 


a 


JLJibrary 


San  Francisco,  California 
2006 


1845  1847  1853 


LIBRARY 

•  ESTABLISHED   1872 

L       EN 


THE    DIAL 


A  Fortnightly  Journal  of 


Literary  Criticism,  Discussion,  and  Information 


(  Pub'ic  Library 
x^» 


VOLUME  LVIII. 

JANUARY  1  TO  JUNE  10,  1915 


CHICAGO 
THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  CO. 

1915 


INDEX  TO  VOLUME  LVIII. 

PAGE 

AMERICAN  DISSENTERS,  SOME Frederic  Austin  Ogg 114 

AMERICAN  LITERATURE,  AN 37 

AMERICAN  PRESIDENT,  A  HALF-FORGOTTEN W.  II.  Johnson 262 

ARCHITECTURAL   CRITICISM,  AN  ICONOCLAST  IN    ....    Sidney  Fiske  Kimball 18 

ARCTIC  LANDS   FORLORN,  IN Lawrence  J.  Burpee 117 

ART,  STUDIES  IN  THE  HISTORY  OF Sidney  Fiske  Kimball 80 

ART  AND  HISTORY H.  M.  Kallen Ill 

AVEBURY,  LORD,  THE  VARIOUSLY  ACCOMPLISHED    ....    Percy  F.  Bicknell 74 

BELGIUM,   THE   POETS   OF Arthur  L.  Salmon 69 

BROWNING'S  WOMEN Clark   S.   Northup 258 

CANADIAN   STATESMEN,   Two Lawrence  J.  Burpee 380 

CHARACTER-READING  THROUGH  THE  FEATURES M.  V.  O'Shea 149 

€HINA,  RECENT  VIEWS  ON Olin  Dantzler  Wannamaker    ...  19 

€OSMIC  SOUL,  THE Henry  M.  Sheffer 421 

CRITIC'S  CREDO,  A Herbert  Ellsworth  Cory    ....  375 

DARKENED  FOREGROUND,  THE Charles  Leonard  Moore 191 

DOSTOIEFFSKY George  Bernard  Donlin 5 

DRAMA  MOVEMENT,  THE Grant  Showerman 76 

DRAMATIC  PRESENTATION,  THE  NEW  MOVEMENT  IN    ...    Edward  E.  Hale 199 

EDUCATIONAL  CHINA-SHOP,  A  BULL  IN  THE 445 

ELIZABETHAN  TRAGIC  TECHNIQUE Garland  Greever 335 

ENGLAND  AND  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION Laurence  M.  Larson 14 

ENGLISH  DRAMA,  A  SKETCH  OF  THE Raymond  M.  Alden 151 

ENGLISH  LITERATURE,  A  COMPENDIOUS  HISTORY  OF    ...    Lane  Cooper 15 

ENGLISH  LITERATURE  IN  THE  ROMANTIC  PERIOD    ....    Lane  Cooper 205 

EYE-WITNESSES  AT  THE  SHAMBLES Wallace  Rice 208 

PICTION,   RECENT Lucian  Gary 52,  118 

FICTION,   RECENT William  Morton  Payne 

211,  263,  304,  344,  383,  424,  462 

FRANCE,  THE  NEW James  W.  Garner 78 

FRENCH  EXPLORATION  IN  AMERICA,  THE  EPIC  OF    ....    Archibald  Henderson 417 

GENIUS,  THE  QUALITY  OF T.  D.  A.  Cockerell 203 

GERMAN  IMPERIALISM,  THE   ARCH-PRIEST  OF James  W.  Garner 256 

GERMANY,  THE  CASE  AGAINST W.  K.  Stewart 302 

HURRICANE  LAND,  Two  YEARS  IN Percy  F.  Bicknell 201 

INDIAN,  JUSTICE  FOR  THE Frederick  Starr 458 

LITERARY  LIFE,  CROWDING  MEMORIES  OF  A Percy  F.  Bicknell 456 

MAGIC,  OLD,  IN  A  NEW  CENTURY Thomas  Percival  Beyer 301 

METRICAL  FREEDOM  AND  THE  CONTEMPORARY  POET    .    .     .    Arthur  Davison  Ficke 11 

MITFORD,  Miss,  AS  A  LETTER-WRITER Percy  F.  Bicknell 415 

Music,  INTERPRETERS  OF Louis  James  Block 82 

NAMES,  GOOD,  A  COMMODITY  OF Charles  Leonard  Moore      ....  325 

NAPOLEON:    How  HE  ORGANIZED  VICTORY H.  E.  Bourne 259 

NATURALIST,  FRIENDLY  LETTERS  OF  A  WANDERING    ....    Percy  F.  Bicknell 294 

OCCULT,  THE  NEW  LITERATURE  OF  THE Charles  Leonard  Moore 405 

ONE  WHOM  THE  GODS  LOVED Percy  F.  Bicknell 143 

PAINTER,  OUR,  OF  THE  SEA  AND  THE  SHORE Edward  E.  Hale 333 

PLAY  OR  PAMPHLET? Charles  Leonard  Moore 287 

PLAY-MAKING,  CLASSICS  ON  THE  ART  OF H.  C.  Chatfield-Taylor 145 

PLAYS  OF  TO-DAY  AND  YESTERDAY Homer  E.  Woodbridge 47 

PRESENT  GENERATION,  THE Edward  E.  Hale 365 

PSYCHOLOGY,  SOME  VARIED  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO Joseph  Jastrow     .    .    .    .    .    .    .  340 

REED,  "  CZAR,"  SOME  LESS  AUTOCRATIC  ASPECTS  OF    ...    Percy  F.  Bicknell 42 


INDEX 


PAGE 

SHAKESPEAREAN  ACTORS,  A  VETERAN  DRAMATIC  CRITIC  ON 

FAMOUS Percy  F.  Bicknell 373 

SHAKESPEAREAN   CRUXES,  FANTASTIC   SOLUTIONS  OF   SOME    Samuel  A.  Tannenbaum 297 

SOCIALISM,  A  DEFENCE  OF Alex.  Mackendrick 377 

SOLDIER-SURGEON'S  REMINISCENCES,  A Percy  F.  Bicknell 109 

SOUTH  AMERICA,  THREE  BOOKS  ON P.  A.  Martin 381 

SOUTHERN  HISTORICAL  WRITING,  THE  NEW  SPIRIT  IN     .     .    Benj.  B.  Kendrick 422 

TAGORE  :    POET  AND   MYSTIC Louis  I.  Bredvold 459 

THEATRE,  DEMOCRACY  AND  THE 3 

THREE-PLY  THREAD  OF  LIFE,  THE Charles  Leonard  Moore 101 

TRAVEL,  AMERICAN,  FROM  CANOE  TO  AEROPLANE  IN    ...    Percy  F.  Bicknell 254 

TRAVEL,  EUROPEAN,  IN  THE  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY    .     .     .     Clark  S.  Northup 147 

VERBOTEN Z.  M.  Kalonymos 448 

WAR,  AMERICA  AND  THE  GREAT Frederic  Austin  Ogg 337 

WAR,  IN  PRAISE  OF T.  D.  A.  Cockerell 295 

WAR,  NEW  BOOKS  ABOUT  THE Frederic  Austin  Ogg 44 

WAR  AND  POETRY William  Morton  Payne 133' 

WELLS,  MR.  H.  G.,  AND  RECONSTRUCTION Edward  E.  Hale 247 

WEST,  A  SCIENTIFIC  BAEDEKER  OF  THE Charles  Atwood  Kofoid     ....  461 

WEST,  FAR,  AMERICAN  EXPANSION  IN  THE William  E.  Dodd 336 

WILLIAM  II.  OF  GERMANY W.  K.  Stewart 418 

WORRY  AND  MODERN  LIFE M.  V.  O'Shea 5© 

"YELLOW  BOOK,  THE" 67 

YOUNG  OF  THE  "  NIGHT  THOUGHTS  " Homer  E.  Woodbridge 81 

ANNOUNCEMENTS  OF  SPRING  BOOKS  — 1915 219 

CASUAL  COMMENT    .    . .    .     7,39,71,103,135,193,250,289,327,368,408,  450 

NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS 85,264,305,346,385,425,  466 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 20,53,86,120,152,213,266,306,347,386,426,  467 

BRIEFER  MENTION 25,59,89,216,269,390,430,  471 

NOTES 25,59,90,122,156,217,270,311,350,391,431,  472 

TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS 26,90,158,272,351,  473 

LISTS  OF  NEW  BOOKS .       26,60,91,123,159,233,272,312,352,393,432,  474 


CASUAL  COMMENT 


PAGE 

Advertising  Page,  Humors  of  the 105 

Anecdotes,  The  Periodicity  of 195 

Artist,  An,  for  Art's  Sake 8 

Arts  and  Letters,  A  Generous  Benefaction  to 104 

Authorship,  The  Boundlessness  of  the  Field  of 253 

Authorship,   The  Pride  of 453 

Authorship,   The  Road   to 135 

Battles  and  Books 104 

Belgian  Relief,  Mark  Twain's  Contribution  to 411 

Bibliography,   Common  Sense  in 138 

Bibliopathology    40 

Biography,  A  Pleasing  Prospect  in 253 

Book-borrower,  A  Delinquent 9 

Book-dealers,  Encouraging  to 196 

Book-lovers,   A  Promising  Profession  for 290 

Book-reviewer's  Chief  Function,  The 453 

Books,  New,  for  Old 252 

Books,   Second-hand  Knowledge  of 370 

Books  as  Food  for  the  Flames 138 

Books  for  Specialists 194 

Books    "Never   In" 139 

By   Way   of   Parenthesis 250 

Canada's  Contribution  to  Polite  Literature 292 

Carlyle  Manuscript,  A  Forgotten 196 

Centenaries,    Neglected    412 

Classic  Author,  A,  in  His   Own  Lifetime 454 

Classics,  The  Lost,  of  Ancient  Greece 368 


PAGE. 

Colonel  Carter  of  Cartersville,  The  Creator  of 291 

Copyright  Differences,  An  Adjustment  of 369 

Criticism,   Textual,  The  Passion  for 136  • 

Criticism,  The  Place  of 137 

Culture,  A  Get-Rich-Quick 261 

Culture,    Aids    to 105 

Culture,  The  Increasing  Cost  of 106 

Culture,   The   Popularization   of 73 

Drama,  The,  as  an  Instrument  of  Reform 73 

Edition  de  Luxe,  The  Lure  of  the 140 

Editor,  A  Self-congratulatory 72 

Editor  with  an  Ideal,  An 252 

Editorial    Retrospect,    An 106 

Educational  Problem,  An 71 

English,    Underdone    194 

Engrossing  Theme,  The 71 

Essay  Competition,   A  Notable 409 

Fiction,  The  Catholicity  of  Popular  Taste  in 72' 

Fiction,  The  Improbabilities  and  Impossibilities  of 329 

Fictive  Tears,   The  Fount  of 328 

"  Fortnightly,"  Fifty  Years  of  the 450 

French  Appreciation  of  English  Literature 289 

French  Literature,  A  New  Light  in 71 

French  Poetry  and  German  Poetry 137 

French  Press,  A  Renovated  and  Ennobled 410  • 

Gown  to  Khaki,  From 331 

Hispanic  Society,  The  Late  Librarian  of  the 193- 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Illinois  Public  Libraries 292 

Indexers'   Jdiosyncracies    290 

Information,  Seekers  after  Curious  and  Rare  Bits  of....  135 

Ireland,   Reading   in 290 

John  Carter  Brown  Library,  The  New  Head  of  the 369 

Journalist's  Art,  A  New  Variety  of  the 253 

Juvenile   Disrespect   for   Literary    Property 136 

Lawsuits  of  Fiction,  One  of  the  Famous 138 

Library  as  Pacificator,  The 139 

Library  Building  for  Children,  The  First 409 

Library    Laws,    Obstructive 453 

Library  Support,  A  Plea  for 103 

Literary  Diplomats   139 

Literature,  Great,  A  Definition  of 370 

Literature,  Laxative  451 

Lumber-camp  Libraries  for  Wisconsin 106 

Man  of  Infinite  Variety,  A 195 

Mark  Twain  of  the  Ghetto,  A 40 

Mind's  Gambol,   The 39 

Moribund  Art,  A  Plea  for  the  Revival  of  a 452 

Nature-study  Transmuted  into  Literature 39 

Nonagenarian,   A   Versatile 8 

Novel-writing,  After  Forty  Years  of 292 

Obligation,   An   Embarrassing 136 

Periodical,   A   Broad-gauge 104 

Playfulness,  The  Perils  of 452 

Poem,  A  Potent 370 

Poet,  One  Who  Lived  the  Life  of  a ^27 

Poetry    and   Efficiency 103 

Poetry  in  Wartime 73 

Political  Pamphlet,  A  Famous 252 

Printer,  A,   with  the  Spirit  of  an  Artist 329 

Public  Library,  One  Year's  Work  of  Our  Largest 329 


PAGE 

Reader's  Appetite,  Whetting  the 330 

Readers,  Greedy    330 

Readers  behind  the  Bars 137 

Reading,  Heavy   291 

Reading  in   the  Trenches 196 

Reference  Room,  One  Day's  Activities  in  a  Busy 369 

Rejection,   Sugar-coating   the  Pill   of 195 

Reprints,  Cheap,  The  Publisher's  Risk  in 410' 

Retrospects  of  a  Quarterly  Reviewer 411 

Review,   An  Exiled 291 

Russell,  Clark,  A  Follower  in  the  Footsteps  of 251 

Russian  Genius,  A  New 411 

Russian  Language  and  Literature,  Revived  Interest  in . .       9 

School  Children,  The  Reading  of 32& 

Scottish   Logician,   A 8 

Shakespeare,    Germany's   Appreciation   of 328 

Shakespeare,  The  Children's  Need  of 412 

"  Shakespeare   Every   Day  " 2501 

Short-story  Harvest  of  1914,  The 368 

Simplified  Spelling,   A  Set-back  to 139 

Speech-acquiring  Years,   The 408 

State  Archives,  A  New  Department  of 453- 

Style,  The  Quality  of  Naturalness  in 7 

Travesty  in  the  Form  of  Fiction 451 

University  Printing  House,   A 140- 

Vermonters,   Literary  Likings  of  the  Serious 105- 

War,  A  Voltairean  View  of 7 

War,  An  Addition  to  the  Ephemeral  Literature  of  the..   412 

War-historians,  Data  for  Future 9 

Washington   Irving  Anecdote,   A 330 

Williams,   Ephraim,   In   Memory  of 410 

Williams  College  Library,  A  Notable  Gift  to 412 

Yiddish  Literature,   A   Renaissance  in 2921 


AUTHORS  AND  TITLES  OF  BOOKS  REVIEWED 


Abercrombie,  Lascelles.  The  Epic 306 

Adams,  H.  P.  The  French  Revolution 214 

Allen,  J.  W.  Germany  and  Europe 303 

Aljen,  James  Lane.  The  Sword  of  Youth 211 

"American  Colleges  and  Universities  Series" 214 

Andrews,  Mary  R.  S.,  and  Murray,  Roy  I.  August  First  306 

Andreyev,  Leonid.  Savva  and  The  Life  of  Man 49 

"Art  and  Craft  of  Letters,  The  " 306 

Artzibashef,  Michael.  Sanine 118 

Atkinson,  Eleanor.  Johnny  Appleseed 306 

Bailey,  H.  C.  The  Gentleman  Adventurer 304 

Bailey,  Temple.  Contrary  Mary 386 

Bainbridge,  W.  S.  The  Cancer  Problem 155 

Baker,  Arthur  E.  Concordance  to  the  Poetical  and 

Dramatic  Works  of  Alfred,  Lord  Tennyson 59 

Baldwin,  Elbert  F.  The  World  War 340 

Bancroft,  Hubert  H.  History  of  Mexico,  revised  edition.  154 

Bancroft,  Hubert  H.  Retrospection,  revised  edition 430 

Bancroft,  Hubert  H.  The  New  Pacific,  revised  edition . .  430 

Barnard,  Charles  I.  Paris  War  Days 209 

Barr,  Amelia  E.  The  Winning  of  Lucia 425 

Barrie,  J.  M.  Half  Hours 49 

Bartlett's  Familiar  Quotations,  tenth  edition,  revised  and 

enlarged  by  Nathan  Haskell  Dole 25 

Beck,  James  M.  The  Evidence  in  the  Case 339 

Bedier,  Joseph.  Romance  of  Tristan  and  Iseult 216 

Begbie,  Harold.  Kitchener,  Organizer  of  Victory 388 

Benson,  Arthur  C.  Hugh:  Memoirs  of  a  Brother 426 

Benson,  E.  F.  Arundel 265 

Benson,  Hugh.  Loneliness 346 

Beresford,  Admiral  Lord  Charles,  The  Memoirs  of 87 

Bindloss,  Harold.  The  Secret  of  the  Reef 264 

Birkhead,  Alice.  Destiny's  Daughter 264 

Bordeaux,  Henry.  The  Awakening 346 

Bordeaux,  Henry.  The  Will  to  Live 425 

Boulenger,  E.  G.  Reptiles  and  Batrachians 429 

Bourdon,  Georges.  The  German  Enigma 45 

Bradley,  Mary  H.  The  Splendid  Chance 465 

Brady,  Cyrus  T.  The  Eagle  of  the  Empire 386 

Bridges,  Horace  J.  Criticisms  of  Life 308 

Brown,  Alice.  Children  of  Earth 269 

Brown,  Helen  D.  Talks  to  Freshman  Girls 59 

Brownell,  Atherton.  The  Unseen  Empire 47 


Brownell,  W.  C.  Criticism 375 

Browning,  Robert  and  Elizabeth  B.,  New  Poems  of 268 

Bruce,  H.  Addington.  Psychology  and  Parenthood 39Q 

Brunetiere,  Ferdinand.  The  Law  of  the  Drama 145 

Bryant,  Edward  A.  The  Best  English  and  Scottish 

Ballads  390 

Buckrose,  J.  E.  Spray  on  the  Windows 466 

Burr,  Amelia  Josephine.  A  Dealer  in  Empire 347 

Burr,  Anna  R.  Religious  Confessions  and  Confessants.  343 

Burroughs,  John.  The  Breath  of*  Life 468 

Burton,  Richard.  How  to  See  a  Play 76 

Calhoun,  Mary  E.,  and  MacAlarney,  Emma  L.  Readings 

from  American  Literature 471 

Calthrop,  Dion  Clayton.  Clay  and  Rainbows 86 

Campbell,  Oscar  J.,  and  Schenck,  Frederic.  Comedies 

of  Holberg  20 

"Can  Germany  Win?" 340 

Canfield,  Dorothy.  Hillsboro  People 385 

Cannan,  Gilbert.  Satire 306 

Cannan,  Gilbert.  Young  Earnest 119 

Cannon,  W.  B.  Bodily  Changes  in  Pain,  Hunger,  Fear, 

and  Rage 468 

Carey,  Arthur  E.  New  Nerves  for  Old 50 

Carter,  Huntly.  The  Theatre  of  Max  Reinhardt 199 

Castle,  Agnes  and  Egerton.  The  Haunted  Heart 264 

Chamberlain,  George  A.  Through  Stained  Glass 263 

Chambers,  'Robert  W.  Who  Goes  There  1 345 

"  Channels  of  English  Literature  " 151 

Chapman,  John  J.  Deutschland  iiber  Alles 303 

Chapman,  John  J.  Memories  and  Milestones 266 

Chase,  J.  Smeaton,  and  Saunders,  Charles  F.  The  Cali- 
fornia Padres  and  Their  Missions 471 

Chatterton,  E.  Keble.  The  Old  East  Indiamen 429 

Cheney,  Sheldon.  New  Movement  in  the  Theatre 76 

Chesterton,  G.  K.  The  Appetite  of  Tyranny 267 

Chittenden,  Hiram  M.  The  Yellowstone  National  Park, 

revised  edition  430 

Christie,  Dugald.  Thirty  Years  in  the  Manchu  Capital.  20 

Chubb,  Edwin  W.  Masters  of  English  Literature 154 

Chubb,  Edwin  W.  Sketches  of  Great  Painters 470 

Cobb,  Irvin  S.  Paths  of  Glory 208 

"  Columbia  University,  Publications  of  the  Dramatic 

Museum  of  " 145 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Comfort,   Will   Levington.      Red  Fleece 304 

Comstock,  Harriet  T.     The  Place  beyond  the  Winds 85 

Conrad,    Joseph.      Victory 383 

Cooper,  Clayton  S.     The  Modernizing  of  the  Orient 268 

Corbin,  John.     The  Edge 466 

Corson,  Geoffrey.     Blue  Blood  and   Red 384 

Coulevain,   Pierre  de.     The  Wonderful  Romance 470 

Cox,  J.  Charles.     The  English  Parish  Church 216 

Cox,  Kenyon.     Winslow  Homer 333 

Coxon,   Stanley.     And  That   Reminds  Me 349 

Cramb,  J.  A.     Origins  and  Destiny  of  Imperial  Britain.   295 
Cressy,    Edward.       Discoveries    and    Inventions    of    the 

Twentieth    Century     391 

Croly,   Herbert.      Progressive   Democracy 114 

Crocker,   Joseph   H.      Shall   I   Drink? 310 

Cross,  E.  A.     The  Short   Story 89 

Curtiss,    Philip.     The   Ladder 384 

Davis,    H.    W.    C.      Political    Thought    of    Heinrich    von 

Treitschke    256 

Davis,  Richard  Harding.     With  the  Allies 209 

Dawson,  William  H.     What  Is  Wrong  with  Germany?..   303 

Deeping,    Warwick.      Marriage    by    Conquest 424 

"  Dehan,   Richard."     The  Man  of  Iron 212 

Dell,  Ethel  M.     The  Keeper  of  the  Door 424 

Devine,  Edward  T.     The  Normal  Life 469 

Dickinson,   Asa  Don.      The    Kaiser 419 

Dickinson,   G.  Lowes.     An  Essay  on  the  Civilizations  of 

India,    China,    and   Japan 429 

Dickinson,  Thomas  H.     Chief  Contemporary  Dramatists.    430 

Dimnet,    Ernest.      France    Herself    Again 78 

Doncaster,   L.     Determination  of  Sex » . . . .   428 

Douglas,  George  M.     Lands  Forlorn 117 

Doyle,  Arthur  C.     The  Valley  of  Fear 425 

Dugmore,  A.  Radclyffe.     Romance  of  the  Beaver 311 

Dunbar,  Seymour.     A  History  of  Travel  in  America....   254 
Durand,    Ralph.      Handbook    to   the    Poetry    of    Rudyard 

Kipling      216 

Dyer,  Walter  A.     Pierrot,   Dog  of  Belgium 467 

Eaton,  A.  W.  H.     The  Famous  Mather  Byles 56 

Eaton,  Walter  P.     The  Idyl  of  Twin  Fires 306 

Elliott,  Francis  P.     Pals  First 466 

Elwood,   Walter.     Guimo 265 

Embury  II.,  Aymar.     Early  American  Churches 53 

Erskine,  Payne.     A  Girl  of  the  Blue  Ridge 385 

Ervine,  St.  John  G.     Eight  O'clock,  and  Other  Studies..  428 

Ervine,  St.  John  G.     Mrs.  Martin's  Man 265 

Fabre,  J.  H.     The  Mason-bees 22 

Fansler,  Harriet  E.     Evolution  of  Technic  in  Elizabethan 

Tragedy    335 

Farquhar,  J.  N.     Modern  Religious  Movements  in  India.   388 

Finley,  John.     The  French  in  the  Heart  of  America 417 

Fitch,   Albert  P.     The  College  Course  and  the  Prepara- 
tion  for   Life 122 

Fleischmann,  Hector.     An  Unknown  Son  of  Napoleon..   261 

Foerster,    Norman.      Outlines    and    Summaries 471 

Foord,  Edward.     Napoleon's  Russian  Campaign  of  1812.   260 

Forbush,  William  Byron.     Manual  of  Play 390 

Fosbrooke,  Gerald  E.     Character  Reading  through  Anal- 
ysis  of   the   Features 149 

Foster,    George.      Canadian    Addresses 381 

Fowler,   Edith    Henrietta.      Patricia 346 

Francis,   J .    O.      Change 47 

Freeman,  R.  Austin.     A  Silent  Witness 467 

Freud,   Sigmund.     Psychopathology  of  Everyday  Life. . .   341 
Frobenius,  H.     The  German  Empire's  Hour  of  Destiny. .     45 

Frost,  Robert.     A   Boy's  Will,   American  edition 430 

Frost,   Robert.     North  of  Boston,  American  edition 430 

Galsworthy,  John.     The  Little  Man,  and  Other  Satires . .   427 

Gardiner,   John   Hays.      Harvard 214 

Gaunt,  Mary.     A  Woman   in  China 20 

Gauss,    Christian.     The   German    Emperor   as    Shown    in 

His    Public    Utterances 418 

Gehrts,  M.     A  Camera  Actress  in  the  Wilds  of  Togoland  122 

George,  W.  L.     The  Second  Blooming 52 

"  Germany's    War   Mania  " 303 

Gerould,  Katherine   F.     The  Great  Tradition,  and  Other 

Stories     466 

Gerstenberg,  Alice.     The  Conscience  of  Sarah  Platt 386 

"  Getting    a  Wrong   Start  " 390 

Gibbons.  Herbert  Adams.     The  New  Map  of  Europe. ...     46 
Gibson,    Rowland   G.      Forces   Mining   and   Undermining 

China     19 

Gilman,   Lawrence.     Nature  in   Music .     84 


PAGE 

Goddard,    Henry    H.      Feeble-mindedness 342 

Goddard,  Henry  H.     School  Training  of  Defective  Chil- 
dren       342 

Gowans,    Adam    L.      Selections    from    Treitschke's    Lec- 
tures  on  Politics 44 

Gowans,   Adam   L.     The   Twelve   Best   Tales   by   English 

Writers    390 

Gray,  W.  Forbes.     Some  Old  Scots  Judges 153 

Greene,    Francis   V.      Present    Military    Situation   in   the 

United  States    338 

Gretton,    R.    H.      History 306 

Grey,   Zane.     The  Lone  Star  Ranger 264 

Griffiths,   Arthur.     Life  of  Napoleon 261 

Haggard,  H.  Rider.     Allan  and  the  Holy  Flower 386 

Hale,  E.  E.,  and  Dawson,  F.  T.     Elements  of  the  Short 

Story    269 

Hall,    Holworthy.      Pepper 426 

"  Handy   Volume    Classics  " 390 

Harrison,    Henry    Sydnor.     Angela's   Business 344 

Hart,   Albert   Bushnell.     The  War  in  Europe 46 

Hausrath,    Adolf.      Treitschke 44 

Henderson,   Archibald.     The   Changing   Drama 76 

Herzog,   Rudolf.     Sons   of  the   Rhine 85 

Heyking,  Baroness  von.     Lovers  in  Exile 425 

Hollander,   Jacob   H.     Abolition   of   Poverty 23 

Holt,  Henry.     On  the  Cosmic  Relations 421 

Hooker,    Brian.      Fairyland 348 

Hopkins,   Florence  M.     Allusions,    Words,   and   Phrases..  391 

Hornaday,  William  T.     Wild   Life  Conservation 309 

Hosking,  W.  H.     The  South  African  Year  Book,  1914...  89 
Hovgaard,    William.      The    Voyages   of   the   Norsemen    to 

America    21 

Howard,  Bronson.     The  Autobiography  of  a  Play 145 

Howe,  Frederic  C.     The  Modern  City 266 

Howe,  Winifred  E.     History  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum 

of    Art    215 

Hull,  W.  I.     The  Monroe  Doctrine 469 

Hunt,    Gaillard.      Life   in   America    One   Hundred   Years 

Ago    349 

Hunt,    Gaillard.     The   Department   of   State 86 

Hutchinson,  Horace  G.     Life  of  Sir  John  Lubbock,  Lord 

Avebury    74 

Hutchinson,  W.  E.     By-ways  around  San  Francisco  Bay.  350 

Hutchinson,  Woods.     Civilization   and  Health 121 

Jane,   L.   Cecil.     The  Nations  at  War 121 

Jepson,  Edgar.     Happy  Pollyooly 347 

Jones,  Henry  Arthur.     The  Theatre  of  Ideas 389 

Jones,   John  P.     India,   new  edition 471 

"  Kaiser,    The    Real  " 44 

Kauffman,  Reginald  W.     In  a  Moment  of  Time 349 

Kilpatrick,  James  A.     Tommy  Atkins   at  War 210 

King,   Charles.     The  True  Ulysses  S.  Grant 391 

Kittredge,  George  L.     Chaucer  and  His  Times 467 

Koldewey,   Robert.     The   Excavations   at  Babylon 347 

Lange,    Algot.      The   Lower   Amazon 382 

Lawrence,  D.  H.     The  Widowing  of  Mrs.  Holroyd 48 

Leacock,    Stephen.      Arcadian   Adventures   with   the   Idle 

Rich     86 

Learned,  W.   S.     The  Oberlehrer 58 

Lee,  Elizabeth.     Mary  Russell  Mitford 415 

Lehmann,   Lilli.     My  Path  through  Life 87 

Le  Queux,   William.     At  the  Sign  of  the  Sword 464 

Lieder,  Paul  Robert.     Tegner's  Poems 21 

Lippmann,   Walter.     Drift   and  Mastery 116 

"  Loeb    Classical    Library  " 89 

Loti,   Pierre.     On   Life's  By-ways 155 

Lowell,  Amy.     Sword  Blades  and  Poppy  Seeds 12 

Lund,    Kathleen   A.     Oliver  in   Willowmere 467 

Macaulay,  Fannie  C.     The  House  of  the  Misty  Star 385 

McCabe,  Joseph.     Treitschke  and  the  Great  War 256 

McCall,   Samuel  W.     Life  of  Thomas  B  rackett  Reed 42 

McElroy,  Robert  McNutt.    The  Winning  of  the  Far  West  336 

Mach,   Edmund  von.     What  Germany  Wants 46 

McKeever,  William  A.     Industrial  Training  of  the  Girl.  58 

Mackenzie,    Compton.      Sinister  Street 53 

MacManus,  Seumas.     Yourself  and  the  Neighbours 85 

MacMechan,  Archibald.     The  Life  of  a  Little  College...  24 

Maeterlinck,    Maurice.      The    Unknown    Guest 120 

Mair,   G.   H.     Modern  English  Literature 15 

Markham,  Edwin.     California  the  Wonderful 386 

Markham,   Edwin.     The  Shoes  of  Happiness 310 

Marsh,   Richard.     The  Woman   in  the   Car 466 

Martin,   Helen   R.     Martha  of  the  Mennonite   Country...  385 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Matthews,  Nathan.  Municipal  Charters 387 

IHawson,  Douglas.  The  Home  of  the  Blizzard 201 

Mayne,  Ethel  C.  Letters  of  Dostoevsky 88 

Mayne,  Ethel  Colburn.  Browning's  Heroines 258 

Mead,  William  E.  The  Grand  Tour  in  the  Eighteenth 

Century  147 

.Melvin,  Floyd  J.  Socialism  as  the  Sociological  Ideal....  377 

Merwin,  Samuel.  The  Honey  Bee 463 

Miller,  Elizabeth.  Daybreak 425 

Millicent  Duchess  of  Sutherland.  Six  Weeks  at  the  War  210 

JUills,  Enos  A.  The  Rocky  Mountain  Wonderland 469 

Moderwell,  Hiram  K.  The  Theatre  of  To-day 199 

-Monroe,  Harriet.  You  and  1 12 

Montagu,  Violette  M.  Napoleon  and  His  Adopted  Son..  261 

Mony penny,  W.  F.  Life  of  Disraeli,  Vol.  Ill 308 

Moorehead,  Warren  K.  The  American  Indian  in  the 

United  States  458 

Morgan,  Morris  H.  Vitruvius 156 

Moses,  Irene  E.  P.  Rhythmic  Action 471 

Moth,  Axel.  Glossary  of  Library  Terms 216 

Munsterberg,  Hugo.  Psychology 344 

Miinsterberg,  Hugo.  The  Peace  and  America 340 

Muir,  John.  Letters  to  a  Friend 294 

Muirhead,  W.  A.  Practical  Tropical  Sanitation 470 

JMunn,  Charles  C.  The  Heart  of  Uncle  Terry 386 

Mursell,  Walter  A.  Byways  in  Bookland 23 

"  My  Ideas  and  Ideals  " 418 

JSTansen,  Fridtjof.  Through  Siberia 387 

"Nature  and  Science  on  the  Pacific  Coast" 461 

Newman,  Ernest.  Wagner  as  Man  and  Artist 21 

Newmarch,  Rosa.  Russian  Opera 56 

-Nexo,  Martin  A.  Pelle  the  Conqueror:  Apprenticeship.  53 

Nivedita,  Sister.  Footfalls  of  Indian  History 348 

"  Northern  Patagonia  " 381 

Norton,  Richard.  Bernini 80 

Ogden,  R.  M.  Introduction  to  General  Psychology 344 

Onions,  Oliver.  Mushroom  Town 306 

Oppenheim,  E.  Phillips.  The  Double  Traitor 463 

Oppenheim,  James.  The  Beloved 466 

""Oxford  Editions  of  Standard  Literature" 89 

Palmer,  John.  Comedy 306 

Pankhurst,  Emmeline.  My  Own  Story 57 

Park,  Roswell.  Selected  Papers,  Surgical  and  Scientific  214 

Parker,  G.  H.  Biology  and  Social  Problems 88 

Parker,  William  B.  Edward  Rowland  Sill 143 

Parrott,  Thomas  M.  George  Chapman's  Plays,  Vol.  II., 

new  edition  25 

Pemberton,  Henry,  Jr.  Shakespere  and  Sir  Walter 

Raleigh  89 

Pepperman,  W.  Leon.  Who  Built  the  Panama  Canal?..  310 

Peterson,  William.  Canadian  Essays  and  Addresses 390 

Phelps,  William  Lyon.  Essays  on  Books 24 

Phillipps,  Lisle  March.  Art  and  Environment,  revised 

edition  Ill 

Phillpotts,  Eden.  Brunei's  Tower 385 

Pinero,  Arthur  Wing.  Robert  Louis  Stevenson  as  a 

Dramatist  145 

Poe,  Works  of,  Stedman-Woodberry  edition,  revised 216 

Pollak,  Gustav.  International  Perspective  in  Criticism.  426 

Poole,  Ernest.  The  Harbor 211 

Powell,  E.  Alexander.  Fighting  in  Flanders 209 

Powell,  E.  Alexander.  The  End  of  the  Trail 88 

Powys,  John  C.  The  War  and  Culture 25 

Prentice,  E.  Parmalee.  Pericla  Navarchi  Magonis 348 

Priest,  George  M.  Germany  since  1740 429 

Reilly,  Joseph  J.  James  Russell  Lowell  as  a  Critic....  388 

Rhys,  Ernest.  Rabindranath  Tagore 459 

Richardson,  Ernest  C.  Biblical  Libraries 57 

Ridge,  W.  Pett.  The  Happy  Recruit 264 

Rinehart,  Mary  R.  The  Street  of  Seven  Stars 85 

Robertson,  J.  M.  Elizabethan  Literature 24 

Robinson,  Edwin  A.  Van  Zorn 48 

Rohmer,  Sax.  The  Romance  of  Sorcery 301 

Rohrbach,  Paul.  German  World  Policies,  trans,  by 

Edmund  von  Mach 303 

Rolland,  Romain.  Musicians  of  To-day 82 

Roosevelt,  Theodore.  America  and  the  World  War 337 

Roy,  Basanta  K.  Rabindranath  Tagore 459 

Royce,  Josiah.  War  and  Insurance 215 

Russell,  Bertrand.  Scientific  Method  in  Philosophy 65 

Sadler,  William  S.  Worry  and  Nervousness 60 

Sarolea,  Charles.  How  Belgium  Saved  Europe 389 

Saunders,  George.  Builder  and  Blunderer 45 


PAGE 

"  Scandinavian  Monographs  " 20 

Schelling,  Felix  E.  English  Drama 151 

Schreiner,  Olive.  Woman  and  War,  pocket  edition 269 

Scott,  Geoffrey.  The  Architecture  of  Humanism 18 

Seawell,  Molly  E.  The  Diary  of  a  Beauty 306 

Selborne,  John.  The  Thousand  Secrets 426 

Seltzer,  Charles  A.  The  Boss  of  the  Lazy  Y 467 

Shand,  Alexander  F.  The  Foundations  of  Character....  340 

Shaw,  Stanley.  The  Kaiser,  new  edition 419 

Sheehan,  P.  A.  The  Graves  at  Kilmorna 347 

Shelley,  Henry  C.  Life  and  Letters  of  Edward  Young..  81 

Shortt,  Vere.  Lost  Sheep 385 

Sibree,  James.  A  Naturalist  in  Madagascar 155 

Sihler,  E.  G.  Cicero  of  Arpinum 22 

Singmaster,  Elsie.  Katy  Gaumer 265 

Sladen,  Douglas.  The  Confessions  of  Frederick  the 

Great  and  Treitschke's  Life  of  Frederick  the  Great.  309 

Sladen,  Douglas.  Twenty  Years  of  My  Life 456 

Snaith,  J.  C.  Anne  Feversham 86 

Spencer,  M.  L.  Practical  English  Punctuation 23 

Sterling,  George.  Beyond  the  Breakers 13 

Stevenson,  Burton  E.  Little  Comrade 346 

Stewart,  Charles  D.  Some  Textual  Difficulties  in 

Shakespeare  297 

Stockton,  Richard,  Jr.  Peace  Insurance 307 

Stoothoff 's,  Ellenor.  The  Nightingale 346 

Stringer,  Arthur.  Open  Water 11 

Stringer,  Arthur.  The  Hand  of  Peril 424 

Strunsky,  Rose.  Abraham  Lincoln 152 

Strunsky,  Simeon.  Belshazzar  Court 22 

"  Studies  in  Southern  History  and  Politics  " 422 

Sukloff,  Marie.  The  Life  Story  of  a  Russian  Exile 54 

Tagore,  Rabindranath.  Songs  of  Kabir 459 

Tagore,  Rabindranath.  The  King  of  the  Dark  Chamber  48 

Tarkington,  Booth.  The  Turmoil 265 

Thomson,  J.  Arthur.  The  Wonder  of  Life 213 

Thorndyke,  Russell.  Dr.  Syn :  A  Smuggler  Tale  of 

Romney  Marsh  425 

Thorne,  Guy.  The  Secret  Service  Submarine 464 

"  Three  Modern  Plays  from  the  French  " 48 

Thurstan,  Frederick.  Romances  of  Amosis  Ra 347 

Tipper,  Harry,  and  Others.  Advertising 430 

Todd,  Millicent.  Peru:  A  Land  of  Contrasts 383 

Topham,  Anne.  Memories  of  the  Kaiser's  Court 419 

Treitschke,  Heinrich  von.  Germany,  France,  Russia, 

and  Islam  256 

Trevelyan,  George  O.  George  the  Third  and  Charles 

James  Fox,  Vol.  II 14 

Trevena,  John.  Sleeping  Waters 265 

Tiirck,  Hermann.  The  Man  of  Genius 203 

Tupper,  Charles.  Recollections  of  Sixty  Years 380 

Tupper,  Frederick  and  James  W.  Representative  En- 
glish Dramas  from  Dryden  to  Sheridan , .  269 

Tuttle,  Florence  G.  The  Awakening  of  Woman ....  471 

Tyler.  Therese.  The  Dusty  Road 264 

Upton,  George  P.  The  Song 427 

Usher,  Roland  G.  Pan-Americanism 338 

Vachee,  Colonel.  Napoleon  at  Work 259 

Van  Vorst,  Marie.  Mary  Moreland 462 

Veer,  Willem  de.  An  Emperor  in  the  Dock 305 

Vega,  Lope  de.  The  New  Art  of  Writing  Plays 145 

Vickers,  Kenneth  H.  England  in  the  Later  Middle  Ages  215 

Villard,  Oswald  G.  Germany  Embattled 302 

Vizetelly,  Ernest  A.  My  Adventures  in  the  Commune. .  58 

Wallace,  William.  The  Musical  Faculty 153 

Wallas,  Graham.  The  Great  Society ' 343 

Wallin,  J.  E.  W.  The  Mental  Health  of  the  School  Child ..  342 
Walling,  William  English.  Progressivism  —  and  After. .  117 
Ward,  A.  W.,  and  Waller,  A.  R.  Cambridge  History  of 

English  Literature,  Vol.  XI 205 

Warren,  Maude  Radford.  Barbara's  Marriages 305 

Watson,  John  B.  Behavior 341 

Wead,  Katharine  H.  List  of  Series  and  Sequels  for 

Juvenile  Readers 216 

Weatherley,  Cecil.  Routledge's  New  English  Dictionary, 

second  edition  430 

Wells,  Carolyn.  The  White  Alley 467 

Wells,  H.  G.  Bealby 304 

Wheeler,  Howard  D.  Are  We  Ready  ? 338 

Whelpley,  James  D.  American  Public  Opinion 121 

Whipple,  Wayne.  Story-life  of  Napoleon 261 

Whitridge,  Frederick  W.  One  American's  Opinion  of  the 

European  War    340 


INDEX 


PAGE 

"Who's   Who"    (in   England),   1915 269 

Wiley,  Harvey  W.     The  Lure  of  the  Land 120 

Williams,  Charles  R.     Life  of  Rutherford  Birchard  Hayes  262 
Williams,  Jesse  L.     "  And  So  They  Were  Married  " . . . .     48 

Williams,    Sidney.     A   Reluctant  Adam 305 

Willsie,    Honore.      Still    Jim 466 

Wilson,  Harry  Leon.     Ruggles  of  Red  Gap 345 


PAGE 
Winter,  William.  Shakespeare  on  the  Stage,  second 

series  373 

Wolseley,  Viscount.  Decline  and  Fall  of  Napoleon,  third 

edition  261 

Wright,  Willard  H.  What  Nietzsche  Taught 267 

Wyeth,  John  Allan.  With  Sabre  and  Scalpel 109 

Young,  F.  E.  M.  Valley  of  a  Thousand  Hills...  ..  305 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Adams,  Charles  Francis,  Death  of 271 

Anti-German   Misconceptions   Corrected,   Some.     Edmund 

von  Mack    198 

Appleton,  Inc.,  Robert,  New  Publishing  House  of 157 

Author's  Protest,  An.     Kate  Stephens 9 

Cawein,  Madison,  Death  of 25 

Christian  Women's  Peace  Movement,  Prize  Contest  of  the.  392 

Coman,  Katharine,  Death  of 90 

Cook,  Edward,  Death  of 431 

Correction,  A,  and  Some  Other  Matters.    Louis  C.  Marolf.  331 

Crane,  Walter,  Death  of 271 

Drama,  "  Literary  "  versus  "  Commercial."   Helen  McAfee  108 

Dunlap  Society,  New  Publications  of  the 123 

Explanation,  A  Word  of.    Arthur  E.  Bostwick 253 

Flecker,  James  EIroy,  Death  of 90 

French  Feminist  of  To-day,  A.    Benj.  M.  Woodbridge. . . .   140 

Genius  Unawares,  Entertaining.     Robert  J.  Shores 41 

"  German  "  and  "  American."     Wallace  Rice 106 

Henderson,  Charles  R.,  Death  of 270 

Index  Office,  One  Year  of  the '. .   432 

Japanese  Poetry,  Imperial.    Ernest  W.  Clement 142 

Jefferson's  Architectural  Work.     Fiske  Kimball 332 

John  Crerar  Library,  Twentieth  Annual  Report  of  the. . .   473 

Journalistic  Jest,  An  Ancient.     Walter  Taylor  Field 372 

La  Salle,  A  Spurious  Derivation  Attributed  to.     J.  Sey- 
mour Currey 370 

Latin  Americas,  Literary  Reciprocity  with  the.     C.  L.  M.  332 

"  Le  Museon  " 432 

London,  A  Blast  from.    Ezra  Pound 40 

Lounsbury,  Thomas  R.,  Death  of 312 


Meyer,  B.  M.,  Death  of 25 

Milton,  A  Textual  Difficulty  in.    Louis  C.  Marolf 197 

Milton  —  Did  He  Nod  ?    W.  F.  Warren 142 

Mommsen  and  the  War.     F.  H.  Hodder 10 

"  Mommsen  and  the  War."     O.  E.  Leasing 73 

Muir,  John,  Death  of 26 

New  Rochelle,  Library  of 270 

New  York  Public  Library  Lists  of  Noteworthy  Books....   218 

Novel  —  When  It  Is  Not  a  Novel.     W.  M.  P 142 

"  Peace   Insurance,"    The   Fallacies    of.      Richard   Stock- 
ton, Jr 371 

Pickard,  Samuel  T.,  Death  of 157 

Present  Generation,  Some  Thoughts  on  the.    A.  0 414 

Ritson,  Joseph.    Henry  A.  Burd 1ft 

Ruskin  and  War.     Ralph  Branson 141 

Shakespearean  Commentator,  An  Aggrieved.     Charles  D. 

Stewart    454 

Slavonic  Publishing  Co.,  Publications  of  the 351 

Sophocles,  A  Quotation  from,  in  Meredith's  Letters.    Wm. 

Chislett,  Jr 332 

"  Special  Libraries  "    472 

"  State  Documents  for  Libraries  " 472 

"  Stickeen,"  John  Muir's 158 

"  Studies   in   Philology  " 271 

Thomases,  In  Praise  of.     Thomas  Percival  Beyer 413 

"  Tristram  Shandy,"  "  The  Doctor  "  and.   Russell  Osborne 

Stidston    293 

War  and  Poetry.    Ralph  Bronson 197 

War  Poetry  in  Germany.    Arthur  Howard  Noll. . .  . .  414 


THE   DIAL 

i/7  SEMI-MONTHLY  JOURNAL  OF 

€ntuism,  ffimnasian,  anfr  Jftrfcrrmaftcrn 


FOUNDED  BY 
FRANCIS   P.  BROWNE 


Volume  LVI1I. 
No.  685. 


CHICAGO,  JANUARY  1,  1915. 


•>  ctt.  a  copy .  I      PUBLISHED  AT 
$2.  a  year.     '    632  SHERMAN  ST. 


THE  LIFE  OF 

THOMAS  B.  REED 

By 
Samuel  W.  McCall 

From  a  three-column  review  in  the  Boston  Transcript 

"  The  best  thing  to  say  about  McCalFs  '  Life  of  Thomas  B.  Reed '  is  that  everyone 
should  read  it.  It  is  quite  impossible  to  dissect  and  analyze  the  work.  As  a  whole,  it 
gives  a  complete  picture  of  the  man  and  compels  the  reader  to  feel  a  sense  of  personal 
acquaintance  and  friendship  with  him.  Very  likely  a  biography  of  Thomas  B.  Reed 
more  detailed  and  exhaustive  will  at  some  time  be  written  and  very  likely  his  speeches 
will  be  put  before  the  public  with  some  measure  of  completeness,  but  it  is  not  too  much 
to  say  that  '  Tom '  Reed  will  be  known  by  McCall's  book  rather  than  by  any  other  work, 
however  complete.  Mr.  McCall  had  many  advantages  for  the  undertaking  of  this  work 
and  his  selection  to  prepare  it  for  the  Statesmen's  Series  was  not  only  a  happy  but 
almost  an  inevitable  one.  He  knew  Mr.  Reed  well  and  intimately  —  very  likely  called 
him  '  Tom  '  —  certainly  he  himself  was  called  '  Samuel,'  for  Mr.  Reed  eschewed  the 
abbreviated  form  by  which  his  biographer  is  best  known.  He  served  in  Congress  with 
him  for  eight  years,  delivered  the  oration  at  the  unveiling  of  his  statue  at  Portland,  and, 
being  selected  by  the  family  for  the  writing  of  the  book,  has  had  free  access  to  the 
family  papers.  The  great  temptation  for  a  man  of  Mr.  McCall's  scholarship  and  knowl- 
edge of  the  history  for  the  last  four  decades  must  have  been  to  overweight  the  book 
with  the  story  of  public  affairs  and  to  lose  sight  of  the  work  as  a  biography.  This 
temptation  has  been  resisted.  The  running  story  of  parties  and  politics  and  measures 
during  Mr.  Reed's  public  life  is  admirably  but  succinctly  told,  but  the  main  purpose  of 
the  book  is  everywhere  in  evidence  and  current  affairs  are  used  only  as  a  setting  of  the 
picture.  Moreover,  the  author  has  allowed  the  subject  to  tell  his  own  story  and  to  create 
his  own  impression.  It  would  have  been  an  easy  matter  to  cull  from  letters  and 
speeches  of  Mr.  Reed  and  from  the  numberless  anecdotes  told  about  him  or  attributed 
to  him  a  book  of  quadruple  the  size  of  the  present  volume,  and  it  would  have  been  of 
distinct  interest.  The  value  of  this  work,  however,  is  in  the  admirable  selections  which 
have  been  made  and  the  way  in  which  they  illustrate  the  life  story  which  is  being  told. 
Nothing  is  dragged  in  merely  because  it  is  eloquent  or  witty,  but  everything  is  placed 
in  its  true  position  and  perspective  in  the  narrative.  .  .  .  The  intimacy  between  Mr. 
Reed  and  Mr.  Long  during  the  long  years  of  their  acquaintance  is  deliciously  brought 
out,  and  the  picture  of  the  table  at  The  Hamilton,  at  which  they  both  sat,  is  one  to  stir 
the  imagination  of  every  lover  of  fun.  ...  It  would  be  possible  to  extend  this 
review  almost  indefinitely,  but  it  cannot  be  done  without  injustice  to  the  work  itself. 
It  should  close  as  it  began,  with  advice  to  read  the  work  itself.  To  those  whose  knowl- 
edge of  public  affairs  embraces  the  eighties  and  nineties,  the  book  will  be  of  delightfully 
reminiscent  value.  In  reading  it  they  will  live  over  two  decades  in  the  crucial  life  of  the 
nation.  To  those  who  come  later,  there  is  history  which  should  not  be  forgotten  and  the 
life-size  portrait  of  a  great  and  many-sided  actor  in  it." 


BOSTON 


Fully  illustrated.     $3.00  net.     Postage  extra. 

HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  COMPANY 


NEW  YORK 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan.  1,  1915 


THE  WORKS  OF  RABINDRANATH  TAGORE 


"Rabindranath  Tagore,  the  mystic  poet  of  India,  who  in  1913  was  awarded  the  Nobel  Prize  for  Literature,  more  than 
any  of  the  preachers,  teachers  or  writers  of  Europe  or  America,  has  given  expression  to  deep  philosophical  and  religious 
insight,  which  is  quickened  with  intellectual  honesty  and  scientific  clearness.  Son  of  Abanindranath  Tagore,  a  teacher 
and  artist,  and  brother  of  Dwijendranath  Tagore,  a  philosopher,  he  belongs  to  a  family  which  for  generations  has  pro- 
duced great  men.  In  his  youth  he  was  surrounded  by  the  influences  of  literature^  and  music,  and  in  his  maturity  he  has 
written  prose  and  verse  of  amazing  strength  and  lyrical  beauty.  He  does  not  in  his  poetry  set  the  themes  of  life  to  great 
music;  he  speaks  them  in  a  soft  voice  to  the  heart  with  all  the  simplicity  and  directness  of  power.  He  takes  the  little  in- 
timate things  which  comprise  life,  and  fashions  them  into  pearls  which  reflect  the  color  of  the  sky,  the  mightiness  of  love 
and  life.  He  has  vision;  he  has  intelligence  in  love,  the  last  test  of  a  man  '*  nature.  ' ' — The  Observer. 

— Rabindranath  Tagore 's  Two  New  Books 


"One  of  the  most  important  of  Tagore' s  Works." 

THE  SONGS  OF  KABIR 

Translated  from  the  Original  Bengaliby  RabindranathTagore. 

In  this  volume,  Rabindranath  Tagore  renders  in  his 
peerless  English,  and  with  deeply  sympathic  interpretation, 
a  selection  of  the  songs  of  Kabir,  the  Hindu  religious  reformer 
and  conciliator  whose  teachings  exercised  an  important 
influence  in  upper  India  in  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth 
centuries.  This  book  is  one  of  the  most  important  of 
Tagore's  works.  Ready  shortly.  $1.25 


"The  most  perfect  expression  of  Tagore's  geniits." 

THE  KING  OF  THE  DARK 
CHAMBER 

Translated  by  the  author  from  the  Original  Bengali. 

"The  most  careless  reader  can  hardly  proceed  far  into 
these  inspired  pages  without  realizing  that  he  is  in  the 
presence  of  holy  things —  of  an  allegory  of  the  soul  such  as 
has  not  before  been  told  in  the  English  tongue.  .  .  .  Happy 
will  be  those  readers  whom  the  King  of  these  pages  does 
not  elude." — Chicago  Evening  Post.  $1.25 


Rabindranath  Tagore's  Other  Works 

" My  eyes  strayed  far  and  wide  before  I  shut  them  and  said  .  .  .  Here  art  Thou!  .  .  .  Life  of  my  life,  I  shall  ever  try  to 
keep  all  untruths  out  from  my  thoughts,  knowing  that  thou  art  that  truth  which  has  kindled  the  light  of  reason  in  my  mind. 
I  shall  ever  try  to  drive  all  evils  away  from  my  heart  and  keep  my  love  in  flower,  knowing  that  thou  hast  thy  seat  in  the 
inmost  shrine  of  my  heart.  " — Gitanjali. 


"A  book  of  supreme  beauty;  rare  and  wondrous." — The  Express. 


GITANJALI 


(Song  Offerings) 

Translated  by  the  author  from  the  Original  Bengali  with 
an  Introduction  by  W.  B.  Yeats  and  a  portrait  by  W.  Rothen- 
stein. 

"Of  trance-like  beauty.  .  .  .  The  expanding  senti- 
ment of  some  of  the  poems  wins,  even  through  the  alien 
medium  of  our  English  prose,  a  rhythm  which  in  its  strength 
and  melody  might  recall  familiar  passages  in  the  Psalms  or 
Solomon's  Song." — The  Athenaeum.  $1.25 


'One  of  the  great  messages  of  modern  times." — Pall  Mall  Gazette. 


SADHANA 


The  Realization  of  Life. 


Essays. 


"  Contains  with  a  commendable  freedom  from  decoration 
the  essence  of  Mr.  Tagore's  message  to  the  Western  world. 
.  .  .  Nothing  could  be  clearer,  more  sensible,  or  more 
generally  illuminative." — The  Daily  Telegraph.  "The 
beauty  of  the  language  in  which  Tagore's  philosophy  is 
enshrined  defies  analysis. " — Pall  Mall  Gazette.  $1.25 


"An  unparalleled  vision  of  childhood." — The  Nation. 

THE  CRESCENT  MOON 

Child  Poems. 

Translated  by  the  author  from  the  Original    Bengali. 
With  8  illustrations  in  color. 

_"A_  revelation  more  profound  and  more  subtle  than 
'Gitanjali.'  He  opens  to  us  the  child-mind.  .  .  .  His 
revelation  of  the  child-mind  is  richer,  more  complete,  more 
convincing,  than  any  of  which  we  have  had  previous  knowl- 
edge. "—The  Globe.  $1.25 


"Flowers  of  poetry  as  fresh  as  sunrise." — The  Daily  Mail. 

THE  GARDENER 

Lyrics  of  Love  and  Life  written  in  his  youth. 
Translated  by  the  author  from  the  Original   Bengali, 
with  portrait. 

"One  cannot  tell  what  these  lyrics  may  have  lost  in  the 

translation,  but  as  they  stand  they  are  of  extreme  beauty. 

.     .     They  are  simple,  exalted,  fragrant — episodes  and 

incidents  of  everyday  transposed  to  faery. — "The  Daily  Mail. 

$1.25 


"An  allegory  of  love's  meaning  clear  as  a  sunlit  pool." 

— The  Observer. 

CHITRA 

Translated  by  the  author  from  the  Original  Bengali. 

"In  'Chitra'  there  is  the  exquisite  grace  of  the  best  of 
Mr.  Tagore's  other  work,  linked  to  the  fragrance  of  an  old 
tale." — Country  Life.  $1.00 


"A  play  from  the  heart." — Boston  Advertiser. 

THE  POST  OFFICE 

Translated  by  the  author  from  the  Original  Bengali. 

"A  story  of  pathetic  beauty  ...  a  touching  vision 
of  childhood,  its  simple  appeal  is  like  that  of  a  minor  song." 
— Boston  Advertiser.  $1.00 


No  one  who  cares  for  the  best  in  modern  literature  should  fail  to  become  acquainted  with  the  works  of 
Rabindranath  Tagore,  the  new  Eastern  poet.  Get  your  Bookseller  or  the  Librarian  to  show  you  all  of  Mr. 
Tagore's  books  and  select  for  reading  the  one  you  think  most  likely  to  interest  you.  No  one  should  be 
ignorant  of  his  work. 


PUBLISHED  AT 
64-66  5th  Ave.,  N.Y. 


The  Macmillan  Company 


ON  SALE  AT 
ALL   BOOKSTORES 


THE  DIAL 

Semt'iiHonthljj  Journal  of  Hiteratg  Criticism,  Discussion,  anb  Information. 


THE  DIAL  (founded  in  1880)  is  published  on  the  1st  and 
1 6th  of  each  month.  TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIPTION,  $2.  a  year  in 
advance,  postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  and  Mexico; 
Foreign  and  Canadian  postage  50  cents  per  year  extra.  RE- 
MITTANCES should  be  by  check,  or  by  express  or  postal  order, 
payable  to  THE  DIAL.  Unless  otherwise  ordered,  subscrip- 
tions will  begin  with  the  current  number.  When  no  direct 
request  to  discontinue  at  expiration  of  subscription  is  re- 
ceived, it  is  assumed  that  a  continuance  of  the  subscription  is 
desired.  ADVERTISING  RATES  furnished  on  application. 
Published  by  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY, 
682  So.  Sherman  St.,  Chicago. 


Entered  as  Second-Class  Matter  October  8,  1892,  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  under  Act  of  March  3,  1879. 


Vol.  LVIII.      JANUARY  1,  1915.          No.  685. 


CONTENTS. 


DEMOCRACY  AND  THE  THEATRE     ....     3 
DOSTOIEFFSKY.     George  Bernard  Donlin    .     .    5 

CASUAL  COMMENT 7 

A  Voltairean  view  of  war. —  The  quality  of 
naturalness  in  style. — A  versatile  nonogena- 
rian. — -An  artist  for  art's  sake. — A  Scottish 
logician. —  Data  for  future  war-historians. — 
Revived  interest  in  Russian  language  and  lit- 
erature.— A  delinquent  book-borrower. 

COMMUNICATIONS 9 

An  Author's  Protest.    Kate  Stephens. 
Mommsen  and  the  War.    F.  H.  Hodder. 
Joseph  Ritson.    Henry  A.  Surd. 

METRICAL  FREEDOM  AND   THE   CONTEM- 
PORARY POET.    Arthur  Davison  Ficke    .  11 
Stringer's  Open  Water. —  Miss  Lowell's  Sword 
Blades  and  Poppy  Seed. —  Miss  Monroe's  You 
and  I. —  Sterling's  Beyond  the  Breakers. 

ENGLAND  AND   THE  AMERICAN  REVOLU- 
TION.   Laurence  M.  Larson       .     .     .     .     .14 

A    COMPENDIOUS    HISTORY    OF    ENGLISH 

LITERATURE.    Lane  Cooper   .....  15 

AN  ICONOCLAST  IN  ARCHITECTURAL  CRIT- 
ICISM.   Sidney  FisTce  Kimball 18 

RECENT   VIEWS    OF    CHINA.      Olin   Dantsler 

Wannamaker .    .19 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS    ........  20 

Scandinavian  literature  in  English. — A  new 
portrait  of  Wagner. —  Insect  biographies,  new 
and  old. — An  ambitious  book  on  Cicero. — 
Observations  of  a  flat-dweller. — A  useful  book 
on  punctuation. —  The  adventures  of  a  book- 
lover. — A  thoughtful  discussion  of  poverty. — 
A  brief  survey  of  the  Elizabethans. —  Essays 
academic  and  literary. —  Literary  talks  by 
Professor  Phelps. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 25 

NOTES 25 

TOPICS  IN  JANUARY  PERIODICALS     ...  26 
LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  26 


DEMOCRACY  AND  THE  THEATRE. 


We  all  wish  art  to  be  appreciated  by  every- 
body. The  chief  difference  of  opinion  is  over 
the  question  whether  art  should  be  brought 
down  to  the  many  or  the  many  brought  up  to 
art.  Most  artists  are  earnest  propagandists 
of  beauty,  especially  of  the  beauty  they  are 
best  able  to  see  and  record,  but  they  rarely 
believe  that  it  is  given  to  more  than  a  few  to 
see  beauty  in  any  form.  They  are  only  less 
cynical  than  those  popular  purveyors  of 
"amusement"  who  despise  the  public  in  order 
that  they  may  not  despise  themselves.  But 
occasionally  there  comes  an  artist,  or,  if  not 
an  artist,  a  playwright,  or  a  critic  of  the 
drama,  who  believes  not  merely  that  art  and 
democracy  can  meet  and  understand  each 
other  but  that  they  have  already  done  so. 
Mr.  "William  C.  de  Mille,  the  author  of  a  num- 
ber of  popular  melodramas,  is  such  a  one.  In 
the  current  issue  of  "The  Yale  Review"  he 
maintains  the  thesis  that  the  drama  is  a  demo- 
cratic art,  "whose  first  essential  is  the  power 
of  reaching  the  mass,"  and,  hence,  that  the 
receipts  of  the  box-office  are  a  measure  of  the 
playwright 's  skill  and  power : 

"  Other  arts  are  for  the  select  few,  each  appeal- 
ing to  its  own  comparatively  small  circle  of  fol- 
lowers. But  the  drama  is  for  the  many ;  it  is  born 
not  in  the  academy  but  in  the  heart  of  the  great 
social  centre;  it  is  shaped  not  by  the  critic  but  by 
the  demands  of  the  audience;  it  is  supported  not 
by  endowment  and  private  subscription  but  by 
the  people  acting  collectively;  it  is  housed  not  in 
the  museum  but  in  buildings  maintained  by  the 
public  for  this  one  purpose.  It  is  the  only  art 
which  the  people  themselves  control,  and,  through 
that  control,  direct;  it  is  essentially  of  the  people,, 
by  the  people,  and  for  the  people;  and  we  should! 
take  this  function  into  consideration  in  any  dis- 
cussion of  the  art;  for  if  the  drama  is  to  fulfill 
this  basic  condition  it  must  be  expressed  in  a  form 
that  the  mass  will  accept  and  support. 

"...  Because  the  drama  is  the  art  of  the 
whole  people,  it  is  the  art  of  all  arts  which  can1 
act  most  strongly  upon  the  people  for  their  devel- 
opment; the  one  art  which  can  really  be  a  great 
force  in  the  social  and  intellectual  progress  of  the- 
race.  Indeed,  the  efficiency  of  drama  to  accom^ 
plish  results  is  absolutely  conditional  upon  its 
being  directed  and  governed  by  the  mass;  and  it 
follows  necessarily  that  any  influence  which  tends 
to  take  the  government  of  drama  away  from  the- 


THE    DIAL, 


(Jan. I 


whole  people  is  an  unhealthy  influence  in  that  it  is 
undemocratic." 

It  seems  perfectly  clear  that  Mr.  de  Mille 
believes  that  the  drama  is  not  only  relatively 
democratic,  as  compared  with  such  other  arts 
as  prose  fiction  or  music,  but  absolutely 
democratic.  The  only  danger  to  the  theatre 
that  concerns  him  is  the  presence  in  the  com- 
munity of  a  class  which,  "were  it  powerful 
enough,  would  menace  the  democracy  of  dra- 
matic art  as  any  hierarchy  of  brains  tends  to 
limit  progressive  thought : 

"  The  '  highbrow '  would  take  from  the  people 
its  right  of  democratic  suffrage  to  compel  the  pub- 
lic to  vote  for  plays  nominated  by  the  '  machine ' ; 
and  this  method  of  selection  would  undoubtedly 
corrupt  drama  as  it  does  politics." 

We  are  surprised  that  Mr.  de  Mille 's  politi- 
cal metaphor  does  not  in  the  least  remind  him 
of  the  actual  conditions  which  prevail  in  what 
he  ironically  calls  the  "commercial"  theatre. 
A  play  is  seldom  presented  on  the  commercial 
stage  in  this  country  unless  one  of  the  two- 
score  producing  managers  in  New  York  is 
persuaded  that  it  will  pay  him  to  spend 
$10,000  on  it.  Mr.  de  Mille  may  believe  that 
these  gentlemen,  whose  decision  is  so  gener- 
ally absolute  that  exceptions  to  it  may  be  ig- 
nored as  irrelevant,  are  peculiarly  repre- 
sentative of  the  American  democracy.  But 
they  suffer  no  such  illusion ;  they  are  frank  to 
admit  in  their  reflective  moments  that  they 
cannot  foretell  the  fate  of  a  play  one  time  out 
of  three ;  in  a  word,  that  when  their  sole  con- 
cern is  to  choose  the  plays  that  the  public 
wants  they  fail  far  more  often  than  they 
succeed. 

We  might  go  on  to  ask  Mr.  de  Mille  how  he 
knows  that  the  box-office  receipts  of  a  play 
are  an  index  of  the  public's  favor;  how  he 
can  be  certain  that  the  money  in  the  house  is 
a  tribute  to  the  skill  of  the  playwright  and 
not  to  a  matinee  idol,  or  the  leading  lady's 
gowns,  or  a  whim  of  public  opinion.  But 
there  is  a  less  doubtful  point  to  consider. 
When  a  play  has  been  accepted  by  a  manager 
for  production  it  is  almost  invariably  pre- 
pared in  New  York  and  presented  to  a  New 
York  audience  —  those  familiar  visits  to  New 
Haven  or  Atlantic  City  being  in  the  nature 
of  a  dress  rehearsal  rather  than  of  a  pre- 
miere. The  first-night  audience  is  notoriously 
a  special  one;  and  the  audiences  immediately 
succeeding,  which  determine  whether  a  play 
is  to  continue  in  the  theatre  or  leave  it  for- 
ever, are  only  less  special ;  those  who  are  not 


the  guests  of  the  management  are  chiefly  citi- 
zens of  New  York  who  are  willing  and  able  to 
pay  $2  to  see  a  play  about  which  very  little  is 
known.  No  one  imagines  that  these  persons 
are  representative  of  America,  of  a  democ- 
racy in  which  the  average  head  of  a  family 
enjoys  an  income  of  perhaps  $600  or  $700  a 
year. 

Can  anyone  contemplate  the  process  by 
which  a  play  finally  reaches  a  considerable 
number  of  the  more  prosperous  of  those 
Americans  who  live  in  or  near  the  cities,  and 
seriously  argue  that  it  is  a  democratic  process 
by  which  is  determined  what  sort  of  drama 
the  American  people  most  want? 

The  case  for  the  democracy  of  prose  fiction, 
or  of  music,  is  a  good  deal  stronger.  A  novel 
is  so  much  more  readily  accepted  for  publica- 
tion than  a  play  for  production  that  many 
young  men  who  would  rather  be  writing  plays 
turn  to  fiction  on  that  account  alone.  For 
one  thing,  a  novel  requires  only  one-tenth  the 
investment  on  the  part  of  the  entrepreneur. 
A  novel  has  a  year,  or  even  more,  in  which  to 
find  its  audience  as  against  the  play's  two 
weeks,  or  three.  A  novel,  when  the  fact  that 
a  copy  can  be  read  by  several  persons  is 
taken  into  account,  costs  the  consumer  far 
less  than  seats  in  the  theatre.  For  that  mat- 
ter, the  magazines  have  made  entertainment 
in  the  form  of  prose  fiction  quite  as  cheap  as 
entertainment  in  the  form  of  moving  pic- 
tures. The  case  of  music  is  equally  striking. 
Music  in  the  form  of  grand  opera  visits  only 
the  half-dozen  largest  cities,  and  even  there  is 
offered  only  to  those  who  have  comfortable 
incomes ;  but  music  travels  wherever  a  piano, 
or  a  gramophone,  or  a  flute  may  go.  It  might 
well  be  argued  that  music  is  the  most  demo- 
cratic of  all  the  arts,  and  the  one  in  which 
the  masters  are  most  generally  appreciated. 
But  no  true  art  is  in  our  day  truly  democratic. 

Some  day  a  great  art  and  the  great  multi- 
tude may  come  together  in  the  theatre,  which 
has  now  so  little  of  either.  In  the  meantime 
it  ought  to  be  understood  that  no  art  which 
requires  the  expenditure  of  any  but  the  small- 
est sums  on  the  part  of  those  who  enjoy  it,  can 
be  truly  democratic  in  its  appeal.  The  art  of 
the  theatre  among  us  is  not  of  this  descrip- 
tion and  for  that  reason  alone  it  does  not 
exist  for  the  majority  of  Americans.  It  is 
now,  as  it  has  always  been  except  under  the 
most  extraordinary  conditions  in  the  past,  the 
privilege  of  the  few  to  go  to  the  theatre. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL. 


DOST01EFFSKY. 

Those  of  us  who  feel  that  the  best  modern 
fiction  has  been  written  in  Russia  are  pro- 
foundly grateful  to  Mrs.  Garnett.  She  has 
given  us  Tourguenieff  and  Tolstoi ;  she  is  now 
at  work  on  Dostoieffsky,  offering  us  the  first 
version  in  easy,  idiomatic  English  that  we 
have  seen.  Four  volumes  have  appeared; 
others  are  promised,  and  we  hope  that  she  will 
not  weary  of  her  task  until  she  has  enabled  us 
to  enjoy  a  complete  view  of  this  disturbing 
and  impressive  figure,  the  most  deeply  Rus- 
sian of  the  Russians.  Tourguenieff  and  Tol- 
stoi we  accepted  at  once,  finding  little  to  quar- 
rel about  in  our  critical  estimates;  but  with 
Dostoieffsky  the  case  has  been  different.  The 
interval  between  those  who  praise  and  those 
who  depreciate  is  greater  than  with  other 
writers ;  nor  is  this  the  most  puzzling  aspect 
of  the  affair.  We  cannot  foresee  the  reaction 
of  a  given  temperament.  Thus,  we  hear 
Nietzsche  (obviously  a  little  bewildered)  con- 
fessing that  the  chief  exemplar,  -in  our  time, 
of  his  "slave  morality"  is  the  only  man  who 
can  teach  him  psychology.  Yet  Mr.  Henry 
James,  who  is  a  psychologist  or  nothing,  finds 
"Crime  and  Punishment"  so  little  to  his  mind 
that  he  cannot  finish  it.  If  we  turn  to  Amer- 
ica, we  hear  Professor  Phelps  asserting  that 
"of  all  masters  of  fiction,  both  in  Russia  and 
elsewhere,  he  is  the  most  truly  spiritual. ' '  On 
the  other  hand,  Mr.  Paul  Elmer  More  plunges 
us  at  once  into  the  abyss  by  simply  recording 
the  impression  he  carried  away  from  "Crime 
and  Punishment. ' ' 

"  Filth,  disease,  morbid  dreams,  bestiality,  in- 
sanity, sodden  crime,  these  are  the  natural  pathway 
to  the  emancipation  of  the  spirit;  these  in  some 
mysterious  way  are  spirituality.  And  the  same  les- 
son runs  through  Tolstoi  and  Strindberg  and  a 
dozen  other  moralists  who  are,  as  it  were,  the 
Prophets  of  our  young." 

Mr.  More  not  only  brackets  Tolstoi  with 
Strindberg  but  throws  in  Mr.  Shaw  and  Mr. 
Galsworthy  also,  by  way  of  good  measure. 
His  looseness  gives  us  a  clue.  This,  we  see,  is 
no  mere  aesthetic  protest;  it  is  a  moral  judg- 
ment, delivered  with  all  the  heat  our  Amer- 
ican critics  so  often  reserve  for  purely  moral 
judgments.  It  may  occur  to  us  that  this  is 
only  the  story  of  Ibsen  over  again.  Not  in  the 
least,  since  Dostoieffsky  is  orthodoxy  itself,  so 
thoroughly  in  the  tradition  that  Nietzsche 
places  him  beside  Pascal,  "the  only  logical 
Christian. ' '  And  if  we  turn  to  a  Continental 
critic  like  Herr  Otto  Julius  Bierbaum,  we  find 
him  in  an  entirely  different  quandary.  How 
is  it  possible,  he  asks,  for  us  modern  men  to 
read  this  "primitive  Christian"  with  sympa- 
thy? What  ideal  does  he  offer  us?  Passion- 


ate humility;  utter  renunciation  of  the  self; 
the  Christian  virtues,  in  short!  But  we  west- 
ern peoples  have  travelled  by  a  very  different 
road.  We  have  achieved  our  destiny  by  an 
active,  not  to  say  ruthless,  assertion  of  the 
will ;  and  this  seems  to  us  necessary  and  even 
right.  We  must  admit  that  Dostoieffsky 's 
philosophy  is  deeply  antipathetic.  Only  an 
art  comparable  to  that  of  the  Greeks  and  of 
Shakespeare  can  induce  us  to  read  him. 

The  paradox  involved  in  this  vehement  con- 
flict of  opinion  is  not,  after  all,  very  difficult 
to  resolve.  We  do  not  need  to  chatter  of  art 
for  art's  sake.  As  it  happens,  the  group  to 
which  Dostoieffsky  belonged  never  claimed 
the  least  license  on  the  ground  that  they  were 
artists.  They  only  approached  the  moral  prob- 
lem in  the  peculiar  Russian  way,  which  is 
vastly  different  from  ours.  It  often  occurs  to 
us  as  we  read  the  Russians  that  they  would 
make  uncommonly  awkward  dinner  guests. 
They  have  not  learned  our  caution,  our  conven- 
tional reserves.  Their  conversational  taboo 
covers  an  amazingly  small  area.  They  are 
infinitely  curious,  and  there  is  no  question 
they  will  not  put  to  themselves  and  to  others. 
Nor  do  they  see  the  least  reason  why  the  truth, 
once  discovered,  should  be  smuggled  out  of 
sight  like  a  shameful  thing. 

This  stubborn  integrity  of  the  Russian  soul 
strikes  us  at  once  in  Tolstoi  and  in  Dostoi- 
effsky. Tolstoi,  in  his  old  age,  turns  preacher. 
Very  well,  but  Tolstoi  the  novelist  remains  to 
the  end  a  vigorous  truth-teller.  He  envisages 
every  form  of  meanness,  lust,  cupidity,  in- 
trigue, hypocrisy.  His  vision  for  these  things 
is  not  less  sure  than  De  Maupassant's.  His 
testimony,  in  other  words,  is  not  in  the  least 
invalidated  by  his  peculiar  notions  of  what 
constitutes  a  "good  man."  In  Dostoieffsky, 
too,  we  find  this  supreme  disinterestedness  of 
the  artist,  co-existing  with  a  genuinely  fanati- 
cal view  of  things.  His  sense  of  evil  is  pro- 
found ;  it  obsesses  and  tortures  him ;  he  cannot 
rest  until  he  has  sketched  every  detail  of  it 
into  his  macabre  design.  Yet  it  requires  no 
power  of  divination  to  see  how  he  loathes  it. 
He  is  appalled  and  sickened,  but  he  persists. 
Even  a  careless  reader  can  see  that  he  is  not 
content  to  remain,  like  Balzac,  the  literary 
secretary  of  society — Balzac  into  whose  com- 
plex nature  there  was  kneaded,  along  with 
transcendent  genius,  so  much  of  the  common 
Paris  mud.  We  feel,  as  we  read,  how  power- 
fully Balzac  was  seduced  by  wealth,  luxury, 
worldly  success,  the  glittering  and  empty  show 
of  things.  Dostoieffsky  is  not  under  the 
dominion  of  such  thoughts;  but  his  intuitive 
understanding  of  how  they  work  upon  and 
alter  the  minds  of  others  is  profound  and  even 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan.  1 


unique.  Perhaps  this  is  not  wholly  intuition, 
either.  Knowledge  may  have  come  to  him  by 
more  personal  and  direct  ways,  but  with  that 
we  are  not  concerned.  It  is  not  easy  to  convey 
the  peculiar  quality  of  Dostoieff sky 's  work, 
though  it  is  easy  enough  to  feel  it.  After  read- 
ing a  single  novel,  you  say  at  once :  Here  is  a 
writer  who  gives  us  something  thrill  ingly 
strange  and  new,  a  new  kind  of  excitement  of 
the  nerves  even  —  for  the  effect  of  his  work  is 
not  wholly  psychic.  He  communicates  to  us 
the  fever  that  so  often  tortures  his  characters, 
and  something,  too,  of  their  uncanny  sense  of 
being  on  the  verge  of  fresh  and  alarming  spir- 
itual discoveries.  An  ambiguous  look,  a  sig- 
nificant silence,  a  chance  word  —  these  carry 
us  at  once  out  of  our  sunlit  world  into  the 
crepuscular  depths  of  his  strange  creations. 
Below  the  smooth  surface,  so  familiar  to  our 
eyes,  there  lurk  unguessed  and  awe-inspiring 
possibilities,  as  monsters  lurk  in  the  depths  of 
the  sea. 

For  Dostoieffsky  there  are  no  commonplace 
souls ;  nor  for  us  either, —  while  we  read.  His 
people  are  rarely  sophisticated  in  our  western 
sense;  they  are  often  incoherent,  wild,  the 
victims  of  a  fixed  idea,  unable  in  spite  of  their 
incredible  volubility  to  explain  themselves 
rationally.  They  live  in  their  emotions  with 
an  intensity  that  seems  strange  to  our  intellec- 
tualized  habit.  If  we  learn  from  them,  it  is 
rather  new  ways  of  feeling  than  of  thinking ; 
and  that,  at  least,  we  do  learn.  The  vulgar 
and  brutal  murderers  Dostoieffsky  meets  in 
Siberia  teach  him.  secrets,  so  that  penologists 
listen  to  him  with  respect.  Each  convict  is  an 
individual  in  more  than  the  statistical  sense. 
Neither  cunning  nor  swagger  deceives  him. 
The  real  man,  he  knows,  lurks  uneasily  below 
and  is  something  quite  different  from  the 
morose  mask  he  wears.  Well,  it  is  for  this  real 
man  that  he  lies  in  wait.  The  composite  pic- 
ture of  the  criminal  appears,  in  some  sort,  in 
' '  Crime  and  Punishment. ' ' 

In  its  machinery,  this  is  but  a  sensational 
police  novel.  Many  persons,  we  are  told,  can 
see  in  it  nothing  more.  Raskolnikov,  the 
youthful  murderer  of  two  old  women,  carries 
on  his  endless  duel  of  wits  with  the  police. 
For  some,  possibly,  the  interest  lies  solely  in 
the  external  problem.  Will  Raskolnikov  suc- 
ceed in  extricating  himself?  Will  he  ulti- 
mately be  caught  in  the  cunning  web  that  the 
police  magistrate  (surely  a  great  figure  of  his 
kind)  has  spun  ?  One  ventures  to  say  that,  for 
those  who  know  how  to  read,  the  drama  of 
"Crime  and  Punishment"  is  an  inner  drama 
wholly,  a  drama  of  almost  unendurable  in- 
tensity. Easkolnikov  exhibits  to  the  full  the 
singular  insensibility  which  Dostoieffsky  ob- 


served in  the  murderers  of  Siberia.  He  is  as 
unlike  Bill  Sikes  as  possible;  he  knows  no 
remorse.  But  always  there  is  the  consuming 
fear  of  detection,  the  terror  of  the  law.  And 
above  and  beyond  that,  there  is  the  fear  of  his 
own  inadequacy  to  meet  the  test  of  character 
he  has  imposed ;  for  his  crime  is,  in  a  way,  an 
experiment  he  is  conducting  on  himself.  He 
can  continue  to  believe  in  himself  only  so  long 
as  he  finds  the  courage  and  the  skill  to  defy 
society.  His  pride  fails;  his  life  crumbles 
about  him,  and  he  is  obliged  to  reconstruct  it 
on  another  plane.  Siberia  is  thus  but  an  epi- 
sode in  the  tale  of  his  regeneration. 

If  we  turn  from  "Crime  and  Punishment" 
to  ' '  The  Brothers  Karamazov, ' '  we  find  a  book 
at  once  more  formidable  and  more  truly  typi- 
cal. Dostoieffsky  here  makes  no  concessions 
to  our  laziness.  It  exhibits  all  his  character- 
istic faults,  of  which  we  hear  so  much,  on  a 
gigantic  scale.  It  is  appallingly  prolix,  and 
contains  material  (some  of  it  superb)  that  is 
wholly  extraneous.  It  exposes  to  our  view 
such  an  inferno  of  vice,  squalor,  bestiality,  and 
disease  as  Dante  never  imagined.  The  Kara- 
mazovs  are  a  group  of  a  father  and  three  sons. 
The  father  and  the  eldest  son  are  deeply 
marked  with  the  characteristic  Karamazov 
taint :  sensuality  has  reached  in  them  almost 
the  pitch  of  insanity.  The  book  opens  on  the 
struggle  of  these  two  to  possess  a  prostitute; 
murder  is  clearly  in  the  air  and  is  presently 
realized.  The  second  son  is  at  once  subtler  and 
more  sophisticated  than  most  of  Dostoieffsky 's 
people,  but  he,  too,  is  evil.  Only  the  youngest 
has  escaped  the  Karamazov  taint,  and  he,  with 
the  "Idiot"  of  another  novel,  serves  to  give 
us  his  creator's  idea  of  a  "good  man. " 

The  method  is  that  of  drama;  there  is  no 
description  of  motive,  no  explanation.  Dostoi- 
effsky simply  unrolls  before  us  in  a  succession 
of  superb  scenes  the  epic  conflict  in  this  tragic 
family.  After  a  few  chapters,  we  fancy  we 
know  his  people;  but  this  is  an  illusion  fos- 
tered by  the  shallow  judgments  we  allow  our- 
selves. Dostoieffsky  has  a  profounder  sense 
of  spiritual  values.  Little  by  little,  these 
wretches  reveal  themselves,  turning  out  under 
our  eyes  the  last  secret  folds  in  their  depraved 
souls.  They  are  appalling,  and  yet  they  are 
not  that  alone.  They  must  know  the  truth 
about  themselves,  for  they  are  tortured  both 
by  what  they  already  know  and  by  what  they 
only  suspect.  The  candor  with  which  they 
confess  the  worst,  has  about  it,  after  all,  some- 
thing not  ignoble.  The  eldest  brother  calls 
himself  an  "insect,"  one  of  the  noxious  crea- 
tures cursed  by  God  with  the  very  delirium  of 
desire.  He  rails  at  himself  endlessly ;  his  self- 
contempt  is  boundless ;  he  exists  in  a  perpetual 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


hell.  Is  it  possible  that  he  is  at  bottom  a 
hypocrite,  shielding  himself  from  the  bitter- 
ness of  ultimate  self-knowledge?  And  the 
fierceness  with  which  the  second  son  lays  hold 
of  his  conscience  is  a  revelation  in  subtlety,  for 
Dostoieffsky  brings  to  bear  on  the  problem  of 
moral  casuistry  an  intellectual  energy  that 
tries  the  brain  like  dialectics. 

It  has  been  urged  that  in  all  this  we  hear 
not  the  talk  of  average  men,  but  the  inexorable 
whisperings  of  the  accusing  conscience.  And 
there  are  those  wrho  complain  that  this  is  not 
realism.  But  if  realism  is  to  concern  itself 
with  surfaces  only,  how  can  it  minister  in  any 
satisfying  way  to  our  curiosity?  Surely  the 
easiest  way  for  it  to  become  false  and  mislead- 
ing, is  to  restrict  its  play  too  narrowly.  At  all 
events,  Dostoieffsky  has  justified,  for  some  of 
us,  both  his  method  and  his  material.  The 
world  he  reveals  to  us  may  be  peopled  with 
creatures  mean,  diseased,  abnormal,  drunken, 
the  prey  of  every  evil  passion  and  perversity 
—  it  does  not  matter.  We  feel,  as  we  read, 
that  they  are  proper  subjects  for  tragedy,  and 
even  for  the  greatest  tragedy. 

One  comes  from  this  great  Russian  writer 
with  an  uneasy  realization  of  the  superficiality 
of  our  average  judgments,  the  thinness  of  our 
spiritual  experiences.  He  increases  our  sense 
of  wonder  and  our  capacity  for  awe.  And  he 
adds  immeasurably  to  our  understanding  of 
the  pathetic  dignity  of  the  downtrodden  and 
oppressed.  He  has  found  for  their  dumbness 
a  voice,  poignant  in  its  brooding  sorrow  and 
lovely  in  its  rich  compassion.  He  touches  both 
the  heights  and  the  depths,  remaining  indif- 
ferent only  to  that  middle  ground  on  which 
most  of  us  choose,  for  our  comfort,  to  live  out 


lives. 


GEORGE  BERNARD  DONLIN. 


CASUAL  COMMENT. 


A  VOLTAIREAN  VIEW  OF  WAR  may  be  of  in- 
terest at  this  time.  Some  one  has  called  atten- 
tion to  the  illuminating  discourse  between 
Micromegas,  gigantic  dweller  on  one  of  the 
planets  revolving  about  Sirius,  and  a  company 
of  our  philosophers,  as  reported  in  the  seventh 
chapter  of  the  amusing  fantasy  bearing  the 
name  of  the  above-mentioned  Sirian  visitor. 
A  free  translation  of  a  part  of  this  conversa- 
tion is  here  offered.  After  congratulating  his 
terrestrial  hearers  on  being  so  small  and  add- 
ing that,  with  so  manifest  a  subordination  of 
matter  to  mind,  they  must  pass  their  lives  in 
the  pleasures  of  intellectual  pursuits  and 
mutual  love  —  a  veritable  spiritual  existence 
—  the  stranger  is  thus  answered  by  one  of  the 
philosophers:  "We  have  more  matter  than 
we  need  for  the  accomplishment  of  much  evil, 


if  evil  comes  from  matter,  and  more  mind  than 
we  need  if  evil  comes  from  mind.  Do  you 
know  that  at  the  present  moment  there  are  a 
hundred  thousand  fools  of  our  species,  wear- 
ing caps,  who  are  killing  a  hundred  thousand 
other  animals  wearing  turbans,  or  who  are 
themselves  being  massacred  by  the  latter,  and 
that  almost  everywhere  on  earth  this  is  the 
immemorial  usage?"  The  Sirian,  properly 
shocked,  demands  the  reason  of  these  horrible 
encounters  between  creatures  so  puny.  "It 
is  all  about  a  pile  of  dirt  no  bigger  than  your 
heel,"  is  the  reply.  "Not  that  any  one  of 
these  millions  of  men  marching  to  slaughter 
has  the  slightest  claim  to  this  pile  of  dirt ;  the 
only  question  is  whether  it  shall  belong  to  a 
certain  man  known  as  Sultan  or  to  another 
having  the  title  of  Czar.  Neither  of  the  two 
has  ever  seen  or  ever  will  see  the  patch  of 
ground  in  dispute,  and  hardly  a  single  one  of 
these  animals  engaged  in  killing  one  another 
has  ever  seen  the  animal  for  whom  they  are 
thus  employed."  Again  the  stranger  ex- 
presses his  horror,  and  declares  he  has  half  a 
mind  to  annihilate  with  a  kick  or  two  the 
whole  batch  of  ridiculous  assassins.  "Don't 
give  yourself  the  trouble,"  is  the  rejoinder; 
"they  will  accomplish  their  own  destruction 
fast  enough.  Know  that  ten  years  hence  not  a 
hundredth  part  of  these  miserable  wretches 
will  be  left  alive ;  and  know,  too,  that  even  if 
they  were  not  to  draw  the  sword,  hunger, 
exhaustion,  or  intemperance  would  make  an 
end  of  most  of  them.  Besides,  they  are  not  the 
ones  to  punish,  but  rather  those  sedentary 
barbarians  who,  from  the  ease  and  security  of 
their  private  apartments,  and  while  their  din- 
ner is  digesting,  order  the  massacre  of  a  mil- 
lion men,  and  then  solemnly  return  thanks  to 
God  for  the  achievement."  The  visitor  from 
Sirius  is  moved  with  pity  for  a  race  of  beings 
presenting  such  astonishing  contrasts. 
•  •  • 

THE   QUALITY   OF   NATURALNESS   IN   STYLE  is 

something  that  defies  analysis.  Let  one  writer 
express  himself  with  a  certain  degree  of  what 
may  be  called  elegance,  and  the  artificiality 
of  it  is  at  once  apparent,  whereas  the  same 
measure  of  rhetorical  finish  and  ornament  in 
another  writer  will  seem  entirely  natural. 
The  first  writer  calls  up  the  image  of  a  per- 
son dressed  in  his  seldom-used  and  carefully 
brushed  best  clothes;  the  second  represents 
the  man  who  is  habitually  well-dressed  and 
always  at  ease  in  his  perfectly  fitting  raiment. 
Just  what  it  is  that  constitutes  the  ' '  Sunday- 
go-to-meeting "  character  of  the  one  suit  of 
clothes,  and  the  every-day-in-the-week  look  of 
the  other,  even  though  both  be  equally  correct 
and  stylish,  it  is  impossible  to  say.  Probably 


THE    DIAL 


[  Jan.  1 


there  is  something  in  the  manner  of  wearing 
the  clothes  that  makes  the  difference.  Dr. 
Garnett  makes  use  of  this  sartorial  simile  in 
closing  his  interesting  "Remarks  on  American 
and  English  Fiction"  in  the  December  "At- 
lantic Monthly. ' '  He  says :  ' '  Another  simile 
that  obtrudes  itself  in  reading  many  Ameri- 
can novels  is  that  of  a  visit  from  kindly  folk 
who  have  come  to  a  gathering  in  Sunday 
clothes  and  with  Sunday  manners.  The  peo- 
ple's week-day  spontaneity  is  replaced  by  a 
cautious  preoccupation  with  their  deport- 
ment, as  to  how  they  are  expected  to  behave, 
and  everything  that  they  say  is  a  little  forced. 
Even  in  the  admirable  novels  of  Mrs.  Wharton 
and  Anne  Douglas  Sedgwick  the  conflict  so 
often  depicted  between  the  idealism  of  the 
characters  and  their  ordinary  earthly  motives 
gives  one  an  odd  feeling  that  both  their  morals 
and  their  manners  are  like  tightly  cut  clothes 
in  which  people  cannot  be  quite  at  ease." 
Whether  or  not  this  is  harsh  criticism,  it  is 
enforced  by  an  almost  ludicrously  apt  quota- 
tion from  one  of  our  leading  novelists. 
•  •  • 

A  VERSATILE  NONOGENARiAN,  remarkable  for 
the  range  and  variety  of  his  scholarly  tastes 
and  literary  accomplishments,  died  recently  at 
Pittsfield,  Massachusetts.  The  Rev.  Dr.  Addi- 
son  Ballard,  who  was  born  at  Framingham 
ninety-two  years  ago  last  October,  held  from 
first  to  last  so  many  professorships  in  so  many 
colleges  and  universities,  east  and  west,  that 
a  list  of  them  would  only  be  a  bewilderment 
to  the  reader.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  at  Wil- 
liams College,  where  he  took  his  bachelor's 
degree  at  the  age  of  twenty,  he  taught  rhetoric 
in  his  early  life,  and  at  the  New  York  Uni- 
versity he  held  the  chair  of  logic  in  the  last 
years  of  his  teaching,  from  1893  to  1904,  with 
professorships  of  mathematics,  astronomy, 
Latin  and  Greek,  moral  philosophy,  and  other 
branches  scattered  in  between.  His  long 
course  of  teaching  furnished  him  with  mate- 
rial for  a  book  entitled  "Arrows,  or  Teaching 
a  Fine  Art."  and  his  experience  as  pastor  of 
churches  in  his  native  state  and  Michigan 
qualified  him  to  write  "From  Talk  to  Text" 
and  "From  Text  to  Talk,"  also  "Through  the 
Sieve,"  and  other  contributions  to  serious  lit- 
erature of  a  reflective  or  moral  tone.  A  val- 
iant pedestrian,  he  accomplished  the  feat  of 
climbing  Monument  Mountain  (which  in- 
spired Bryant's  poem  of  that  name)  in  his 
eighty-ninth  year,  and  up  to  the  very  end  he 
set  a  pace  in  the  streets  of  Pittsfield  that  many 
a  younger  man  might  have  found  it  difficult  to 
equal.  One  likes  to  hear  of  his  daily  walks 
and  his  daily  practice  of  memorizing  some 
classical  phrase  or  some  bit  of  verse.  Daily, 


too,  he  made  it  a  point  to  write  something,  not 
necessarily  for  publication,  we  infer,  but 
rather  to  keep  his  pen  from  rusting.  For  the 
last  eight  years  he  had  lived  with  his  son,  Mr. 
Harlan  H.  Ballard,  librarian  of  the  Berkshire 
Athenaeum,  which  is  Pittsfield 's  public  library. 
•  •  • 

AN  ARTIST  FOR  ART'S  SAKE  is  revealed,  unex- 
pectedly to  some,  in  the  banker,  philanthro- 
pist, and  veteran  of  our  Civil  War,  Major 
Henry  Lee  Higginson,  as  briefly  portrayed  in 
Mr.  M.  A.  DeWolfe  Howe's  history  of  "The 
Boston  Symphony  Orchestra."  In  his  early 
twenties  this  octogenarian  lover  of  music  and 
generous  provider  of  the  best  in  that  art  for 
his  city  wrote  to  his  father  from  Vienna,  after 
referring  to  the  possibility  of  adopting  music- 
teaching  as  a  calling:  "But  the  pleasure, 
pure  and  free  from  all  disagreeable  conse- 
quences or  afterthoughts,  of  playing  and  still 
more  of  singing  myself,  is  indescribable.  In 
Rome  I  took  about  eight  lessons  of  a  capital 
master,  and  I  used  to  enjoy  intensely  the 
singing  to  his  accompaniment  my  exercises 
and  some  little  Neapolitan  songs.  My  rea- 
sons for  studying  harmony  are  manifest.  I 
cannot  properly  understand  music  without 
doing  so;  moreover,  it  is  an  excellent  exercise 
for  the  mind.  As  to  writing  music,  I  have 
nothing  to  say ;  but  it  is  not  my  expectation. 
It  is  like  writing  poetry;  if  one  is  prompted 
to  do  so,  and  has  anything  to  say,  he  does  it. 
But  I  entirely  disavow  any  such  intention  or 
aim  in  my  present  endeavor, —  and  this  I  wish 
to  be  most  clearly  expressed  and  understood, 
should  any  one  ask  about  me.  /  am  studying 
for  my  own  good  and  pleasure.  ...  It  is  only 
carrying  out  your  own  darling  idea  of  making 
an  imperishable  capital  in  education.  My 
money  may  fly  away;  my  knowledge  cannot. 
One  belongs  to  the  world,  the  other  to  me." 
The  accident,  a  bodily  injury  grievous  for  the- 
young  man  to  bear,  which  later  led  to  Mr. 
Higginson 's  devoting  himself  to  business 
rather  than  to  music,  adds  a  pathetic  interest 
to  the  too-brief  biography  forming  the  open- 
ing chapter  of  Mr.  Howe's  book. 


A  SCOTTISH  LOGICIAN  of  more  than  Scottish 
fame,  successor  to  Sir  William  Hamilton  as 
professor  of  logic  and  metaphysics  in  Edin- 
burgh University,  and  author  of  many  books 
relating  to  his  department  of  study,  died  a 
few  weeks  ago,  rich  in  honors  and  full  of 
years.  Alexander  Campbell  Fraser  was  born 
September  3,  1819,  and  finished  his  education 
at  the  university  where  he  was  to  help  educate 
others  for  almost  half  a  century.  He  was  pro- 
fessor of  logic  at  New  College,  Edinburgh,, 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


from  1846  to  1856 ;  editor  of  the ' '  North  British 
Review"  from  1850  to  1857 ;  professor  of  logic 
and  metaphysics,  in  succession  to  Hamilton, 
who  had  just  died,  from  1856  to  1891 ;  profes- 
sor emeritus  after  closing  his  active  labors  in 
the  university;  and  throughout  his  years  of 
maturity  he  wrote  philosophical  essays,  biogra- 
phies of  noted  philosophers,  and  other  books 
of  some  note.  His  ' '  Life  and  Letters  of  Berke- 
ley," published  in  1871,  was  his  first  consid- 
erable work,  and  he  also  wrote  the  life  of 
Thomas  Reid,  contributed  the  volumes  on 
Locke  and  Berkeley  to  the  series  of  "Philo- 
sophical Classics,"  put  forth  a  two-volume 
"Philosophy  of  Theism,"  and  at  eighty-five 
gave  to  the  wrorld  his  "Biographia  Philo- 
sophica,  a  Personal  Retrospect."  His  recrea- 
tions, says  "Who's  Who,"  were  "country  life 
and  visits  to  scenes  of  biographical  or  histori- 
cal interest. ' '  A  fine  example  he  certainly  was 
of  the  scholarship  of  the  northern  Athens. 

•        •        • 

DATA  FOR  FUTURE  WAR-HISTORIANS  are  being 
•systematically  collected  and  preserved  by  the 
Harvard  University  Library,  which  appeals  to 
alumni  and  others  to  aid  in  the  work.  Books, 
of  which  already  there  are  more  than  a  few, 
war  maps,  files  of  newspapers  from  the  war 
zone  and  from  neutral  countries,  official  de- 
spatches, and  other  like  material  are  included 
in  the  collection,  which  already  is  at  the 
service  of  students.  Among  newspapers,  the 
library  is  receiving  the  London  "Times," 
Westminster  "Gazette,"  the  Paris  "Temps" 
and  "Figaro,"  the  Milan  "Corriere  della 
Sera,"  the  Vienna  "Neue  Freie  Presse,"  the 
Berlin  "Allgemeine  Zeitung, "  and  the  Mu- 
nich "Neueste  Nachrichten. "  The  American 
•colony  at  Munich,  or  some  of  its  members, 
made  notes  of  the  earlier  events  of  the  war, 
and  these  notes  have  been  given  to  the  library, 
together  with  daily  papers  from  Lucerne, 
Zurich,  and  Geneva.  These  and  other  for- 
eign journals  are  regarded  as  especially  im- 
portant sources  of  information.  But  what  a 
mass  of  mutually  contradictory  and  often 
unblushingly  false  information  the  future 
historian  will  have  to  sift  as  he  wades  through 
all  this  accumulation  of  reading  matter ! 

•         *         • 

REVIVED  INTEREST  IN  RUSSIAN  LANGUAGE  AND 
•LITERATURE  seems  to  be  indicated  by  recent 
action  at  the  University  of  Chicago,  where, 
under  the  terms  of  a  gift  from  Mr.  Charles 
R.  Crane,  instruction  in  these  branches  is 
about  to  begin.  In  other  words,  Mr.  Samuel 
Northrup  Harper,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Presi- 
dent Harper,  and  graduate  of  the  University 
in  the  class  of  1902,  has  been  called  from  his 
post  as  lecturer  in  the  School  of  Russian  Stud- 


ies at  Liverpool  University,  and  has  been  made 
an  assistant  professor  at  his  home  university, 
with  the  Russian  language  and  institutions  as 
his  special  department.  The  new  courses  will, 
it  is  expected,  begin  with  the  winter  quarter, 
and  in  the  spring  there  will  probably  be 
offered  courses  in  Russian  literature  and  his- 
tory. Books  and  periodicals  relating  to  all 
these  courses  will  be  added  to  the  library,  and 
additional  lecturers  from  Russia  will  be  en- 
gaged. Mr.  Harper  has  devoted  himself  since 
graduation  to  Russian  studies,  much  of  the 
time  in  Russia  itself,  and  has  edited  a  Russian 
reader,  a  substantial  volume  of  about  four 
hundred  pages  issued  by  the  University  of 

Chicago  Press. 

•    •    • 

A  DELINQUENT  BOOK-BORROWER  is  the  heavi- 
ness  of  the  too-trusting  lender.  From  West- 
boro,  Massachusetts,  comes  the  report  of  a 
library  book  taken  out  more  than  a  century 
ago  —  in  1811,  to  be  exact  —  and  only  the 
other  day  returned,  whether  by  the  great- 
grandchild or  great-great-grandchild  (or  still 
more  remote  descendant)  of  the  borrower,  we 
cannot  say.  But  there  is  cheer  to  despairing 
librarians  in  this  remarkable  recovery  of  what 
must  have  been  long  ago  entered  on  the  rec- 
ords as  a  hopelessly  lost  volume.  Paraphras- 
ing the  good  old  hymn,  the  worried  head  of 
the  circulation  department  can  henceforth 
comfort  himself  (or,  more  often,  herself) 
with  the  assurance  that  while  the  lamp  holds 
out  to  burn,  the  long-lost  volume  may  return. 


COMMUNICATIONS. 


AN  AUTHOR'S  PROTEST. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

In  a  recent  issue  of  THE  DIAL,  in  a  paragraph 
speaking  of  my  book,  "  The  Greek  Spirit,"  are 
many  misrepresentations  in  point  of  fact.  Four 
of  the  misrepresentations  prompt  me  to  send  you 
the  following: 

First :  Your  reviewer  writes,  "  We  find  an 
American  thumb-print  in  the  use  of  humans  in  the 
sense  of  men  and  women."  Humans,  "  in  the  sense 
of  men  and  women,"  is  an  old  English  word.  I 
have  met  it,  I  think,  in  a  black-letter  Holinshed 
printed  in  London  in  1584-5;  certainly  in  other 
old  English  books.  The  reason  of  the  use  of  the 
word  in  old  times  and  now  is  clear  —  it  has  the 
advantage  of  connoting  what  no  other  word  in  our 
noble  English  speech  explicitly  connotes.  If  your 
reviewer  will  turn  to  the  word  in  "A  New  English 
Dictionary,"  edited  by  Sir  James  Murray,  he  will 
find  a  quotation  from  Lowell  to  the  effect  that 
George  Chapman,  contemporary  of  Shakespeare 
and  Ben  Jonson,  habitually  used  "  humanes,"  in 
its  common  meaning,  in  his  translation  of  Homer. 
Your  reviewer  will  also  find  humans,  "  in  the  sense 
of  men  and  women,"  in  writings  of  the  Scottish 


10 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan.  1 


Robert  Louis  Stevenson  and  of  Englishmen  of  our 
day. 

Second :  Your  reviewer  also  finds  "  an  unhy- 
phened,  half-German  locution  in  the  ugly  words 
their  art  gift."  Most  excellent  publications  in 
England  as  well  as  in  this  country  have  used  such 
words  as  art,  race,  without  hyphen,  adjectively, 
these  past  fifty  years;  centuries  longer,  if  the 
phrase  art  magique  is  included.  Art,  has  even 
come  into  such  popular  uses  as  "  art  union,"  "  art 
squares." 

Third :  "  Subjects  and  predicates  do  not  gener- 
ally play  hide-and-seek  with  the  reader  as  in  this: 
'  Cereals  grew  in  sunlit  tillage,  the  grape  sacred 
through  its  use  in  the  religions  of  many  peoples, 
the  gray-green  olive,  other  esculent  fruits,  and 
horned  cattle  grazed  in  meadows  dotted  by  bene- 
factive  forest  trees.' "  Subject  and  predicate  play 
no  hide-and-seek  in  this  quoted  sentence.  It  is 
plain,  legitimate,  parsable  by  a  schoolboy. 

Fourth:  Your  reviewer  speaks  of  competition 
with  others.  My  book  strives  with  none.  Its  plan 
and  its  philosophy,  its  content  determining  dis- 
tinctive features  of  a  race  spirit  and  tracing  the 
evolution  of  that  race  spirit  from  earliest  begin- 
nings to  the  end,  show  that  the  book  is  different 
from  what  he  terms  my,  or  its,  "  dangerous  rivals." 
As  to  Professor  Basil  Gildersleeve's  beautiful 
"  Hellas  and  Hesperia,"  your  reviewer  should  re- 
call that,  upon  its  publication,  a  paragraphing 
fellow  of  his  pronounced  upon  it  with  all  the 
fatuous  impertinence  of  incompetents  of  his  craft. 

KATE  STEPHENS. 

New  York  City,  Dec.  15,  1914. 

MOMMSEN  AND  THE  WAR. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

Much  has  been  written  of  the  influence  of 
Nietzsche,  as  adapted  and  popularized  by  Treit- 
schke,  in  creating  the  conditions  out  of  which 
sprang  the  present  war.  While  that  influence 
undoubtedly  has  been  great,  it  by  no  means  marks 
the  beginning  of  German  aspirations  to  world 
hegemony.  When  the  development  of  this  motive 
shall  have  been  traced,  I  venture  to  predict  that 
Mommsen's  glorification  of  Roman  imperialism 
will  be  found  to  have  been  an  important  factor. 
From  many  passages  in  his  "History  of  Rome," 
which  might  be  quoted  in  illustration  of  this  point, 
I  select  three,  which  may  be  found  on  pp.  3,  6, 
and  440,  respectively,  in  Vol.  V.  of  the  American 
edition  of  1900 : 

"  By  virtue  of  the  law,  that  a  people  which  has 
grown  into  a  state  absorbs  its  neighbors  who  are  in 
political  nonage,  and  a  civilized  people  absorbs  its 
neighbors  who  are  in  intellectual  nonage  —  by  virtue 
of  this  law,  which  is  as  universally  valid  and  as  much 
a  law  of  nature  as  the  law  of  gravity  —  the  Italian 
nation  (the  only  one  in  antiquity  which  was  able  to 
combine  a  superior  political  development  and  a  supe- 
rior civilization  .  .  .)  was  entitled  to  reduce  to  sub- 
jection the  Greek  states  of  the  East  which  were  ripe 
for  destruction,  and  to  dispossess  the  peoples  of 
lower  grades  of  culture  in  the  West.  .  .  ." 

"There  was  a  direct  political  necessity  for  Rome 
to  meet  the  perpetually  threatened  invasion  of  the 
Germans  .  .  .  beyond  the  Alps,  and  to  construct  a 
rampart  there  which  should  secure  the  peace  of  the 


Roman  world.  But  even  this  important  object  was 
not  the  highest  and  ultimate  reason  for  which  Gaul 
was  conquered  by  Caesar.  When  the  old  home  had 
become  too  narrow  for  the  Roman  burgesses  and  they 
were  in  danger  of  decay,  the  senate's  policy  of  Italian 
conquest  saved  them  from  ruin.  Now  the  Italian 
home  had  become  in  its  turn  too  narrow;  once  more 
the  state  languished  under  the  same  social  evils  re- 
peating themselves  in  similar  fashion  upon  a  grander 
scale.  It  was  a  brilliant  idea,  a  grand  hope,  which 
led  Caesar  over  the  Alps  —  the  idea  and  the  confident 
expectation  that  he  should  gain  there  for  his  fellow- 
burgesses  a  new  boundless  home,  and  regenerate  the 
state  a  second  time  by  placing  it  upon  a  broader 
basis." 

"  For  Rome  alone  history  not  merely  performed 
miracles,  but  also  repeated  its  miracles,  and  twice 
cured  the  internal  crisis,  which  in  the  state  itself  was 
incurable,  by  regenerating  the  state.  There  was 
doubtless  much  corruption  in  this  regeneration;  as 
the  union  of  Italy  was  accomplished  over  the  ruins  of 
the  Samnite  and  Etruscan  nations,  so  the  Mediterra- 
nean monarchy  built  itself  upon  the  ruins  of  count- 
less states  and  tribes  once  living  and  vigorous;  but 
it  was  a  corruption  out  of  which  sprang  a  new 
growth.  .  .  .  What  was  pulled  down  for  the  sake  of 
the  new  building,  was  merely  the  secondary  nationali- 
ties which  had  long  since  been  marked  out  for  de- 
struction by  the  levelling  hand  of  civilization." 

Much  could  be  said  in  comment  upon  these  ex- 
tracts but  their  application  is  sufficiently  obvious. 
Repeatedly  does  Mommsen  assert  the  right  of  con- 
quest that  belongs  to  the  union  of  superior  organi- 
zation in  the  state  and  superior  "  kultur "  in  the 
people.  The  relation  of  the  war  to  the  subjective 
desire  to  check  the  growth  of  social  democracy  I 
leave  to  the  reader.  Mommsen's  "  History  "  was 
completed  in  1857.  In  his  later  life  he  deprecated 
the  growth  of  militarism,  but  the  harvest  was  the 
legitimate  fruit  of  the  seed  that  he  had  himself 
sown.  At  -the  annual  meeting  of  the  American 
Society  of  International  Law  last  April,  Mr. 
Charles  Francis  Adams  quoted  the  first  of  the 
passages  given  above  and  christened  its  content 
"  Mommsen's  law."  He  remarked  that  it  mas- 
queraded under  various  aliases,  such  as  "  manifest 
destiny"  and  "benevolent  assimilation,"  and  he 
might  have  added  "  peaceful  penetration "  and 
"  international  right  of  eminent  domain."  As 
Viscount  Bryce  has  recently  said :  "  The  war  is  a 
struggle  between  ideals  —  the  ideal  of  a  military 
state  resolved  to  dominate  all  the  neighboring 
countries  and  the  ideal  of  peaceful  communities 
dwelling  in  tranquillity  under  the  protection  of 
treaties."  The  fact  that  British  interests  are  bound 
up  in  the  triumph  of  the  latter  ideal  does  not  alter 
the  case.  So  are  the  interests  of  civilization. 

.   F.  H.  HODDER. 

Lawrence,  Kan.,  Dec.  19,  1914. 

JOSEPH  RITSON. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
I  am  preparing  what  I  hope  to  make  an  exhaus- 
tive treatment  of  Joseph  Ritson's  life  and  work. 
If  any  of  your  readers  have  knowledge  of  unpub- 
lished letters  to  or  from  Ritson,  or  of  any  Ritson 
manuscript  whatever,  I  should  esteem  it  a  great 
favor  if  they  would  communicate  with  me. 

HENRY  A.  BURD. 
University  of  Illinois,  TJrbana,  Dec.  18,  1914. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


11 


METRICAL,  FREEDOM  AND  THE 
CONTEMPORARY  POET.* 


Poets  have  grown  either  less  bold  or  more 
courteous  than  they  were  in  the  days  when 
the  authors  of  ''The  Dunciad"  or  of  "English 
Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers"  blackened 
many  a  fellow- writer's  face  with  adroit  mud. 
One  need  hardly  bemoan  the  fact,  since  the 
admirable  wit  of  those  productions  barely 
compensated  for  their  execrable  taste.  But 
enthusiasm  for  even  impersonal  literary  con- 
troversy seems  lacking  to-day;  and  differ- 
ences of  opinion  so  sharp  that  they  might  once 
have  divided  the  poets  into  two  hostile  camps 
now  scarcely  serve  to  embroil  them  with  their 
next-door  neighbors. 

Only  thus  can  one  explain  the  fact  that  open 
warfare  has  not  broken  out  between  the  pro- 
ponents of  the  lately  resurrected  theory  of 
vers  libre  and  the  adherents  of  the  orthodox 
type  of  regularly  rhythmical  metres.  A  genu- 
ine difference  of  opinion  and  of  temperament 
is  involved.  On  the  one  side  stand  the  writers 
who  demand  complete  freedom  of  rhythm  as  a 
requisite  for  expressing  the  free  and  irregular 
contours  of  emotion;  and  on  the  other  side 
stand  those  who  regard  metrical  regularity  as 
the  sole  instrument  by  which  high  emotion  can 
be  given  successful  expression. 

Mr.  Arthur  Stringer,  in  the  Foreword  of  his 
new  volume,  "Open  Water,"  states  the  first 
of  these  positions  with  some  elaboration.  The 
traditional  technique  of  rhythm  and  rhyme  is, 
he  believes,  as  hampering  and  anachronistic  as 
the  chain-armour  of  the  Middle  Ages  would 
be  to  a  modern  soldier ;  the  poet  of  to-day  is 
unable  to  achieve  natural  expression  under 
such  a  handicap.  Mr.  Stringer  points  out 
very  truly  that  the  almost  boundless  liberty 
afforded  by  blank  verse  is  not  available  to  the 
poet  except  for  large,  almost  epical,  themes; 
therefore,  in  actual  practice,  rhymed  verse 
alone  remains  to  him  for  "the  utterance  of 
those  more  intimate  moods  and  those  subjec- 
tive experiences  which  may  be  described  as 
characteristically  modern."  But  rhymed 
verse  forces  him  to  "sacrifice  content  for 
form,"  and  has  "left  him  incapable  of  what 
may  be  called  abandonment. ' '  Even  regular- 
ity of  rhythm,  where  no  rhyme  is  present, 
"crowds  his  soul  into  a  geometrically  designed 
mould." 

*  OPEN  WATER.  By  Arthur  Stringer.  New  York :  John 
Lane  Co. 

SWORD  BLADES  AND  POPPY  SEED.  By  Amy  Lowell.  New 
York  :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

You  AND  I.  By  Harriet  Monroe.  New  York :  The  Macmillan 
Co. 

BEYOND  THE  BREAKERS.  By  George  Sterling.  San  Fran- 
cisco: A.  M.  Robertson. 


The  objection  to  Mr.  Stringer's  plausible 
theory  lies  in  his  own  admission  that  formal 
rhythm  and  rhyme  supply  "definiteness  of 
outline"  and  "give  design  to  the  lyric." 
Without  the  agency  of  a  fixed  rhythm,  it  is 
almost  impossible  to  achieve  those  recurrences, 
pulses,  waves,  and  echoes  whose  function  in 
poetry  is  no  adventitious  or  superfluous  one. 
A  fixed  cadence  alone  can  serve  as  a  base  for 
all  the  musical  variations  that  the  poet  may 
wish  to  employ ;  and  his  success  here  is  vital. 
Deprive  "Lycidas"  of  its  antiphonal  organ- 
roll  of  sound,  its  great  succession  of  mounded 
harmonies, —  and  it  would  be  nothing.  The 
design  is  the  poem.  The  metrical  form  is  the 
very  condition,  the  true  means,  of  the  poet's 
success.  That  spontaneous  expression  of  emo- 
tion for  which  Mr.  Stringer  pleads  is  not 
likely  to  result  in  poetry  at  all;  what  turns 
raw  feeling  into  poetry  is  precisely  the  com- 
pression of  the  material  into  an  artful  pat- 
tern, an  expressive  structure,  an  intelligible 
design.  Not  sobs,  but  music  whose  tone  has 
sobs  buried  in  it, —  not  laughter,  but  the  song 
that  dances  with  winged  feet, —  come  within 
the  categories  of  art.  In  the  process  of  turn- 
ing emotion  into  art,  some  loss  has  to  be  suf- 
fered ;  but  the  loss  is  not  so  large  as  Mr. 
Stringer  would  have  us  believe.  To  sacrifice 
content  for  form,  as  he  tells  us  we  now  do, 
would  indeed  be  lamentable ;  but  on  the  other 
hand,  to  sacrifice  form  for  content  means  sim- 
ply to  break  the  bottle  that  might  have  held 
at  least  a  part  of  the  wine.  The  competent 
craftsman  does  not,  however,  have  to  choose 
between  these  evils.  Form  is  his  opportunity, 
not  his  prison, —  as  some  of  Mr.  Stringer's 
own  earlier  lyrics  prove.  Most  writers  would 
agree  that  the  exigencies  of  rhyme  suggest 
felicitous  excursions  of  thought  far  more  fre- 
quently than  they  inhibit  the  exact  statement 
of  an  idea  in  all  its  original  integrity.  The 
practiced  poet  learns  not  to  formulate  his  idea 
too  rigidly  in  advance,  but  to  let  it  develop 
and  grow  like  an  unfolding  vine  over  and 
through  the  lattice  of  his  metrical  trellis. 

After  all,  the  sole  criterion  by  which  any 
artistic  theory  can  be  judged  is  its  success  in 
practice.    Mr.  Stringer's  practice  of  vers  libre 
is  not  a  convincing  exemplification  of  the  vir- 
tue of  his  theory.    One  of  the  best,  and  also 
one  of  the  most  regular,  of  his  poems  is  the 
following,  entitled  "The  Wild  Swans  Pass": 
"  In  the  dead  of  night 
You  turned  in  your  troubled  sleep 
As  you  heard  the  wild  swans  pass ; 
And  then  you  slept  again. 

"  You  slept  — 

While  a  new  world  swam  beneath 
That  army  of  eager  wings, 


12 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan.  1 


While  plainland  and  slough  and  lake 
Lay  wide  to  those  outstretched  throats, 
While  the  lone  far  Lights  allured 
That  phalanx  of  passionate  breasts. 

"  And  I  who  had  loved  you  more 
Than  a  homing  bird  loves  flight, — 
1  watched  with  an  ache  for  freedom, 
I  rose  with  a  need  for  life, 
Knowing  that  love  had  passed 
Into  its  unknown  North !  " 

It  is  hard  not  to  feel  that  even  this  finely  con- 
ceived picture  needs  the  melody  of  a  more  defi- 
nitely patterned  form, —  that  we  shall  forget 
this  nebulous  strain  to-morrow,  but  that  if  it 
had  been  woven  through  the  rhythm  of  a  true 
music,  however  hesitant  its  beat,  we  could 
never  forget  it. 

Miss  Amy  Lowell,  also,  has  provided  her 
volume,  "Sword  Blades  and  Poppy  Seed," 
with  a  Preface  in  which  she  raises  the  question 
of  metrics.  "Unrhymed  cadence,"  as  she 
prefers  to  call  vers  libre,  differs  from  the 
rhythms  of  ordinary  prose  "by  being  more 
curved,  and  containing  more  stress."  This 
statement  justly  suggests  that  it  is  to  prose 
and  not  to  regularly  rhythmical  verse  that  we 
must  look  for  the  prototype  of  vers  libre.  Miss 
Lowell  has  used  "unrhymed  cadence"  for 
many,  but  not  all,  of  her  poems ;  and  she  ex- 
pressly disclaims  being  an  exclusive  partisan 
of  either  form.  Technique  of  versification  is 
only  one  of  many  techniques  that  interest  her. 
Her  most  notable  quality  appears  in  the  open- 
ing passage  of  the  volume. 
"  A  drifting,  April,  twilight  sky, 

A  wind  that  blew  the  puddles  dry, 

And  slapped  the  river  into  waves 

That  ran  and  hid  among  the  staves 

Of  an  old  wharf.    A  watery  light 

Touched  bleak  the  granite  bridge,  and  white 

Without  the  slightest  tinge  of  gold, 

The  city  shivered  in  the  cold. 

All  day  my  thoughts  had  lain  as  dead, 

Unborn  and  bursting  in  my  head. 

From  time  to  time  I  wrote  a  word 

With  lines  and  circles  overscored. 

My  table  seemed  a  graveyard,  full 

Of  coffins  waiting  burial  .  .  ." 

The  sharply  etched  tones  and  contours  of  this 
picture  are  characteristic  of  the  author's  work. 
Sometimes,  however,  an  extreme  carelessness, 
very  different  from  that  painstaking  care 
which  she  praises  in  the  "clear-eyed  French- 
men," mars  her  verse.  "Were"  does  not  re- 
spectably rhyme  with  "where,"  nor  "vault" 
with  "tumult,"  nor  "Max"  with  "climax," 
nor  "time"  with  "thyme";  yet  this  entire 
group  of  deformities  occurs  within  the  space 
of  nineteen  consecutive  lines.  This  is  no  mere 
breaking  of  technical  rules ;  it  is  the  destruc- 
tion of  beauty.  If  the  requirements  of  rhyme 


so  irk  a  writer,  it  would  be  better  to  follow 
Mr.  Stringer's  example  and  use  vers  libre 
only.  In  ' '  unrhymed  cadence, ' '  Miss  Lowell 's 
cadences  are  sometimes  extremely  delicate,  as 
in  "The  Captured  Goddess": 
"  Over  the  housetops, 

Above  the  rotating  chimney-pots, 

I  have  seen  a  shiver  of  amethyst, 

And  blue  and  cinnamon  have  flickered 

A  moment 

At  the  far  end  of  a  dusty  street. 

"  Through  sheeted  rain 
Has  come  a  lustre  of  crimson, 
And  I  have  watched  moonbeams 
Hushed  by  a  film  of  palest  green. 

"  It  was  her  wings, 

Goddess ! 

Who  stepped  over  the  clouds, 

And  laid  her  rainbow  feathers 

Aslant  on  the  currents  of  the  air.  .  .  ." 
But  to  some  readers,  this  passage  will  be 
merely  an  added  proof  of  the  fact  that  good 
vers  libre  is  absolutely  not  so  expressive  as 
good  rhythmical  verse.  Several  passages  on  a 
similar  theme  in  Shelley's  "Prometheus  Un- 
bound" confirm  such  an  opinion;  nor  is  the 
comparison  an  unfair  one,  since  every  writer 
must  endure  the  rivalry  of  the  whole  body  of 
his  predecessors.  "Unrhymed  cadence"  at  its 
best  can  hardly  convey  that  intensity  of  effect 
which  is  poetry's  peculiar  function;  certain 
clear  emotional  heights  are  as  impossible  of 
attainment  by  it  as  by  prose. 

Not  so  pliant,  not  so  accurate,  not  even  so 
free  a  medium  for  expression  as  the  old 
rhythms !  To  say  a  thing  directly, —  to  cry  it 
out, —  is  not  necessarily  to  express  it.  The 
complexities  of  rhythm  and  rhyme  are  not 
always  a  hindrance  to  the  expression  of  com- 
plex thoughts.  The  poet's  need  is  sometimes 
best  served  by  that  great  world  of  musical 
signals  and  emotional  calls  which  is  at  the 
disposal  of  him  who  accepts  the  convention 
that  governs  rhythmical  verse,  and  employs 
this  very  convention  as  the  instrument  for 
evoking  emotions  that  could  never  be  evoked 
by  naturalistic  means.  The  supreme  element 
of  poetry  comes  into  being  only  with  that 
peculiar  lift  and  flight  which  the  disembodied 
imagination  can  take  on  the  wings  of  formal 
geometrical  beauty. 

Miss  Harriet  Monroe,  in  her  newly  collected 
volume,  "You  and  I,"  experiments  with  vers 
libre;  but  the  pieces  written  in  this  style  are 
few  in  number.  Modernity  in  other  than 
metrical  matters  chiefly  marks  her  ambitions. 
In  many  of  her  poems  she  attempts  with 
seriousness  and  devotion  to  consecrate  poetry 
to  the  task  of  expressing  modern  industrial 
life.  "The  Hotel,"  "Night  in  State  Street," 


1915] 


13 


' '  The  Turbine ' '  are  the  titles  of  the  first  three 
poems  in  the  book;  and  their  names  indicate 
something  of  the  author's  aim.  It  is  not 
wholly  demonstrable  that  so  specifically  pur- 
posed an  interest  in  the  concrete  and  not 
always  significant  aspects  of  modernity  is  the 
best  way  of  attaining  this  end.  There  is  in 
such  an  effort  too  much  of  the  conscious  intel- 
ligence and  too  little  of  those  blind  tides  of 
passionate  understanding  which  alone  pour 
greatness  into  poetry.  Yet  these  are  rather 
well-known  poems,  which  have  given  pleasure 
to  many  "people  of  high  degree";  and  it  is 
perhaps  a  work  of  supererogation, —  or  worse, 
of  arrogance, —  to  criticize  unfavorably  cer- 
tain conceptions  that  find  place  in  them.  The 
critic  must,  however,  unsociably  go  his  own 
chosen  way,  lighted  by  his  own  lantern.  In 
some  instances  he  may  find  himself  unable  to 
follow  Miss  Monroe.  To  view  the  turbine, — 
its  purring  revolutions,  its  hidden  lightnings, 
its  moods  and  rebellions, —  as  a  proud  tempes- 
tuous woman,  seems  an  example  of  that  kind  of 
poetic  imagination  which  does  not  interpret 
but  rather  encumbers  the  true  essence  of  its 
theme.  In  the  poem  "Our  Canal,"  also,  the 
lines 

"  0  Panama,  0  ribbon  twist 

That  ties  the  continents  together." 
are  surely  a  bad,  a  false,  a  really  unimagina- 
tive way  of  seeing  the  world  of  things  as  they 
are. 

Miss  Monroe's  best  work  is  not  in  this  vein. 
Here  she  seems  like  a  Christina  Rossetti  led  by 
an  infelicitous  chance  into  an  alien  and  un- 
mastered  world  of  modern  mechanics,  where 
her  very  genuine  powers  are  largely  useless. 
Her  best  accomplishment  is  in  the  vein  of  less 
ambassadorial  utterance, —  in  personal  poems 
where  she  subdues  a  smaller  world  more  per- 
fectly to  the  service  of  poetry.  Take  the  fol- 
lowing sonnet: 

"  Look  on  the  dead.    Stately  and  pure  he  lies 

Under  the  white  sheet's  marble  folds.    For  him 

The  solemn  bier,  the  scented  chamber  dim, 

The  sacred  hush,  the  bowed  heads  of  the  wise, 

The  slow  pomp,  the  majestical  disguise 

Of  haughty  death,  the  conjurer  —  even  for  him, 

Poor  trivial  one,  pale  shadow  on  the  rim, 

Whom  life  marked  not,  but  death  may  not  despise. 

Now  is  he  level  with  the  great;  no  king 

Enthroned  and  crowned  more  royal  is,  more  sure 

Of  the  world's  reverence.    Yesterday  this  thing 

Was  but  a  man,  mortal  and  insecure ; 

Now  chance  and  change  their  homage  to  him  bring 

And  he  is  one  with  all  things  that  endure." 

This  dignified  passage,  written  probably  some 

time  ago,  may  serve  to  remind  the  reader  once 

more  of  the  value  of  the  very  old  and,  as  Miss 

Monroe   herself   now   believes,    "exhausted" 

sonnet  form.     In  "The  Wonder  of  It"  also, 


Miss  Monroe  has  no  difficulty  in  aptly  turning 
conventional  rhyme  and  rhythm  to  her  own 
fantastic  and  original  uses : 

"  How  wild,  how  witch-like  weird  that  life  should 

be! 

That  the  insensate  rock  dared  dream  of  me, 
And  take  to  bursting  out  and  burgeoning  • — 

Oh,  long  ago  —  yo  ho !  — 
And  wearing  green !    How  stark  and  strange  a  thing 

That  life  should  be ! 

"  Oh,  mystic  mad,  a  rigadoon  of  glee, 

That  dust  should  rise,  and  leap  alive,  and  flee 

Afoot,  awing,  and  shake  the  deep  with  cries  — • 

Oh,  far  away  —  yo  hay ! 
What  moony  masque,  what  arrogant  disguise 

That  life  should  be!" 

Mr.  George  Sterling,  an  experienced  metrist, 
trained  in  the  great  lyric  tradition  of  the  past, 
is  wholly  faithful  to  rhythmical  verse  in  his 
new  volume  "Beyond  the  Breakers."  All  the 
freedom  that  he  needs  he  takes  for  hims_elf 
within  the  compass  of  regular  rhythms.  How 
little  cramped  he  is,  a  passage  from  his 
"Browning  Centenary  Ode"  may  attest: 

"  0  vision  wide  and  keen ! 
Which  knew,  untaught,  that  pains  to  joyance  are 

As  night  unto  the  star 
That  on  the  effacing  dawn  must  burn  unseen. 

And  thou  didst  know  what  meat 

Was  torn  to  give  us  milk, 
What  countless  worms  made  possible  the  silk 

That  robes  the  mind,  what  plan 
Drew  as  a  bubble  from  old  infamies 

And  fen-pools  of  the  past 
The  shy  and  many-colored  soul  of  man. 

Yea !  thou  hast  seen  the  lees 
In  that  rich  cup  we  lift  against  the  day, 
Seen  the  man-child  at  his  disastrous  play  — 

His  shafts  without  a  mark, 
His  fountains  flowing  downward  to  the  dark, 

His  maiming  and  his  bars, 

Then  turned  to  see 

His  vatic  shadow  cast  athwart  the  stars, 
And  his  strange  challenge  to  infinity.  .  .  ." 

It  is  interesting  to  speculate  as  to  how  the 
devotee  of  vers  libre  would  have  gone  about' 
attaining  this  lift  and  soar  of  flight.  It  may 
be  doubted  if  he  could  possibly  do  so  except  by 
falling  back  upon  that  fairly  regular  variety 
of  free  metre  which  Matthew  Arnold  and 
Milton  sometimes  employed.  To  achieve  that 
peculiar  thing  which  we  call  poetry,  a  sus- 
taining, emotion-heightening  recurrence  of 
rhythm  is  as  indispensable  as  music  is  to  opera. 
The  sole  debatable  question  is,  how  regular 
must  the  recurrence  be  to  produce  the  desired 
trance-like  effect?  Vers  libre  often  comes 
perilously  near  to  the  less  insistent  rhythms  of 
prose,  and  loses  the  characteristic  power  of 
poetry  thereby. 

ARTHUR  DAVISON  FICKE. 


14 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan. 1 


ENGL.AXD  AXD  THE  AMERICAX 
REVOLUTION.* 


In  1834  George  Bancroft  published  the  first 
volume  of  his  ' '  History  of  the  Colonization  of 
the  United  States,"  which  was  followed  eigh- 
teen years  later  by  a  "  History  of  the  Revolu- 
tion in  North  America. ' '  For  a  long  time  the 
spirit  of  George  Bancroft  animated  the  writing 
of  American  history,  and  even  after  two  gener- 
ations the  influence  of  his  early  pioneer  work 
is  still  to  be  reckoned  with.  Bancroft  came 
well  prepared  to  his  work  and  while  in  the 
diplomatic  service  had  unusual  opportunities 
to  collect  materials  for  the  continuation  of  his 
great  undertaking ;  but  in  the  first  half  of  the 
nineteenth  century,  when  the  memories  of  two 
wars  with  England  were  still  fresh  in  the 
popular  mind,  it  was  scarcely  possible  to  view 
the  events  of  the  later  colonial  period  in  their 
true  light.  In  recent  years  the  researches  of 
Professor  Osgood,  Mr.  G.  L.  Beer,  and  others 
have  in  a  large  measure  discredited  the  con- 
clusions that  Bancroft  stated  with  such  patri- 
otic fervor :  it  has  come  to  be  seen  that  there 
were  deeper  causes  than  the  quarrel  over  taxa- 
tion for  the  separation  from  England,  and 
that  it  was  probably  the  complexities  of  the 
imperial  problem  rather  than  mean-spirited 
politics  that  led  the  English  government  to 
take  the  unfortunate  course  of  action  that  it 
followed  in  1765  and  the  succeeding  years. 

It  is  therefore  strange  to  find  Bancroft's 
discredited  viewpoint  taken  by  a  most  re- 
spectable historian  from  across  the  seas. 
About  a  dozen  years  ago  Sir  George  Otto 
Trevelyan  began  to  write  a  history  of  the 
American  Revolution,  of  which  the  sixth  and 
last  volume  has  just  been  published.  For  no 
very  good  reason,  it  seems,  the  last  two  vol- 
umes have  been  called  ''George  III.  and 
Charles  James  Fox."  George  III.  is  no  more 
prominent  in  these  than  in  the  earlier  ones 
and  the  same  may  be  said  of  Charles  Fox.  It 
'  is  true,  however,  that  Sir  George  regards  the 
English  phase  of  the  conflict  as  a  struggle  be- 
tween the  opposing  political  systems  that 
these  two  stood  for;  and  in  tracing  this  con- 
flict the  author  does  not  attempt  to  conceal  the 
fact  that  his  sympathies  are  wholly  on  the  side 
of  Fox  and  the  Whigs.  Whatever  the  merits 
'of  the  American  Revolutionary  movement,  and 
Sir  George  believes  in  the  essential  justice  of 
the  American  cause,  the  Revolution,  and  espe- 
cially its  outcome,  had  great  importance  for 
the  history  of  constitutional  government  by 
rendering  impossible  the  plans  of  George  III. 


*  GEORGE  THE  THIRD  AND  CHARLES  JAMES  Fox.  Being  the 
Concluding  Part  of  "  The  American  Revolution."  By  the 
Right  Hon.  Sir  George  Otto  Trevelyan,  Bart.  In  two  vol- 
umes. Volume  II.  New  York :  Longmans,  Green  &  Co. 


The  cause  of  English  liberty  was  victorious  — 
on  American  battle-fields. 

A  work  of  this  type  would  naturally  meet 
with  much  criticism  from  both  English  and 
American  reviewers.  American  reviewers 
have  insisted  that  the  work  is  really  a  history 
of  England  during  the  period  of  the  American 
war ;  and  that  on  the  American  side  it  shows 
little  originality,  being  chiefly  a  compilation 
from  older  American  sources.  These  critics 
feel  that  the  author  has  not  attempted  to 
fathom  the  deeper  problems  of  our  history 
during  and  immediately  before  the  Revolu- 
tion. English  reviewers,  on  the  other  hand, 
have  insisted  that,  while  the  American  patriots 
may  have  had  the  right  on  their  side,  they 
were  not  so  virtuous  (nor  the  English  states- 
men so  villainous)  as  Sir  George  would  have 
us  believe.  It  has  also  been  charged  that  his 
statements  are  not  always  accurate  and  that 
his  emphasis  is  often  misplaced.  There  is 
some  truth  in  the  charge  that  the  author  does 
not  always  distinguish  nicely  between  impor- 
tant and  unimportant  matters:  in  his  last 
volume,  for  instance,  he  describes  in  great 
detail  two  duels,  one  between  Fox  and  Adam 
and  the  other  between  Shelburne  and  Fullar- 
ton, — "affairs "which  may  have  furnished  in- 
teresting gossip  at  the  time  but  seem  to  have 
had  no  appreciable  influence  on  the  course  of 
English  history. 

It  seems  quite  evident  that  the  author  feels 
that  in  these  fearful  days  of  1914  there  will 
be  those  who  will  feel  that  his  work  and  par- 
ticularly the  last  volume,  containing,  as  it 
does,  much  bitter  criticism  of  the  administra- 
tion of  the  Lord  North  regime,  is  wanting  in 
patriotic  spirit.  In  an  inserted  "address  to 
the  reader"  (clearly  an  after- thought)  Sir 
George  informs  us  that  the  volume  "was 
already  in  print  some  weeks  before  the  out- 
break of  the  German  war"  and  that  there  is 
' '  no  allusion  whatever  to  passing  events. ' '  He 
also  assures  us  that  "there  is  nothing  in  the 
book  which  the  author  desires  to  correct  or 
alter;  and  the  subject-matter  is  not  inappro- 
priate to  the  soul-stirring  period  in  which  we 
are  living."  Continuing  he  says, 
"  The  story  of  the  manly  and  chivalrous  spirit  in 
which,  four  generations  ago,  the  two  great  English- 
speaking  nations  fought  out,  and  ended,  their 
famous  quarrel  is  a  story  that  an  Englishman  need 
have  no  scruple  about  telling  even  at  a  moment 
when  his  country,  with  a  steadfast  and  grounded 
belief  in  the  justice  of  her  cause,  is  in  the  throes  of 
war." 

In  this  connection  one  is  tempted  to  quote 
from  his  characterization  of  Frederick  II.  of 
Prussia,  some  of  the  sentences  of  which  might 
also  be  used  in  giving  expression  to  the  aver- 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


15 


age  Englishman 's  view  of  the  present  German 
Kaiser.  The  author  believes  that  Americans 
generally  have  an  unwarranted  opinion  of  the 
services  that  the  great  Frederick  rendered  to 
the  Revolutionary  cause. 

"  The  gratitude  of  Americans  toward  Frederick  the 
Great  was  cheaply  earned,  and  has  lasted  to  this 
very  hour.  He  ran  no  risks,  and  made  no  sacrifices, 
for  their  cause,  and  he  was  apt  to  forget  their  very 
existence  as  soon  as  they  had  ceased  to  serve  his 
purpose;  and  yet  room  has  been  found  for  his 
statue  at  Washington,  while  tlie  unfortunate  King 
of  France,  who  went  to  war  for  America  with  con- 
sequences which  ultimately  were  fatal  to  his  own 
life,  and  his  own  dynasty,  has  no  monument  erected 
to  his  memory  in  any  American  town  or  city." 

In  his  estimates  of  American  generals  and 
statesmen  Sir  George  is  as  a  rule  very  favor- 
able, sometimes  using  stronger  terms  than  an 
American  writer  would  care  to  use.  In  a 
casual  reference  to  General  Philip  Sheridan 
he  speaks  of  him  as  "the  greatest  captain  of 
mounted  infantry  that  the  world  has  seen." 
He  is  much  impressed  with  the  strength  and 
abilities  of  the  Adams  family : 
"  For  there  is  perhaps  no  other  instance  on  record 
of  a  family  which,  over  the  space  of  a  century  and 
a  half,  has  produced,  in  direct  descent  from  father 
to  son,  four  generations  of  men  of  such  strong  and 
sterling  character,  such  remarkable  and  recognized 
talents,  and  such  vigorous  longevity." 

We  are  reminded  of  recent  events  when  the 
author  tells  us  that  John  Adams 
"scrupulously  returned  the  visits  made  to  Passy 
by  American  gentlemen  resident  in  Paris,  who  had 
already  begun  to  complain,  as  American  gentlemen 
have  complained  ever  since,  that  they  did  not  re- 
ceive due  attention  from  the  diplomatic  representa- 
tives of  their  country  in  a  foreign  capital." 
His  estimate  of  the  military  abilities  of  Gen- 
eral Greene  is  probably  somewhat  lower  than 
that  of  some  American  historians:  "Nathan- 
iel Greene  was  not  a  general  of  the  first  order 
but  he  had  mastered  the  practice  and  had 
sedulously  and  clearly  thought  out  the  princi- 
ples of  war. ' ' 

The  volume  covers  in  a  general  way  the  last 
two  years  of  the  war,  beginning  with  a  dis- 
cussion of  the  state  of  English  opinion  after 
it  was  understood  that  the  European  powers 
were  preparing  to  fight  England  and  closing 
with  the  downfall  of  the  Lord  North  ministry 
a  few  months  after  the  surrender  of  Corn- 
wallis  at  Yorktown.  On  the  American  side 
the  work  gives  fairly  satisfactory  accounts  of 
the  activities  of  the  American  diplomats 
abroad,  of  the  war  in  the  Carolinas,  and  of  the 
siege  of  Yorktown.  The  bulk  of  the  volume, 
however,  is  devoted  to  English  affairs:  the 
Irish  volunteer  movement,  the  menace  of  the 
League  of  Neutrals,  the  parliamentary  situa- 


tion, the  county  associations,  the  Gordon  riots, 
and  the  movement  for  economical  reform  are 
some  of  the  larger  topics  that  the  author  has 
discussed.  While  Sir  George  can  scarcely  find 
terms  strong  enough  to  express  his  condemna- 
tion of  the  ministry,  especially  Lord  North, 
Lord  Sandwich,  and  Lord  George  Germaine, 
the  last  two  having  charge  of  the  admiralty 
and  the  war  office  respectively,  he  is  very  chari- 
table in  his  treatment  of  the  British  generals. 
Howe,  Clinton,  Cornwallis,  Carleton,  Rawdon, 
were  all  excellent  soldiers;  their  failure  to 
conquer  the  Continentals  the  author  attributes 
chiefly  to  the  blunders  of  the  English  war 
office,  from  which  they  received  iron-clad  and 
impossible  instructions.  Howe  and  Clinton 
also  lost  ground  through  their  failure  to  ap- 
preciate the  value  of  civil  government  in  the 
conquered  or  loyal  sections ;  the  military  gov- 
ernment that  they  did  provide  Sir  George 
finds  to  have  been  unspeakably  corrupt.  Of 
General  Burgoyne  he  has  this  to  say : 
"  Seldom,  except  indeed  in  the  legend  of  Belisarius, 
was  a  general  worse  used  by  his  official  superiors 
than  John  Burgoyne.  Acting  under  iron-bound  in- 
structions, with  a  far  less  than  sufficient  force  of 
troops,  he  had  displayed  on  several  occasions  the 
professional  skill  of  a  veteran  commander,  and  on 
every  occasion  the  heroic  courage  of  a  perfect 
soldier." 

Aside  from  his  estimate  of  men  and  meas- 
ures Sir  George  has  contributed  little  that  is 
new  or  original.  Whether  his  opinions  will 
find  a  very  wide  acceptance  is  a  matter  of 
great  doubt.  All  historians  are  willing  to 
grant  that  the  government  of  England  during 
the  first  two  decades  of  the  reign  of  George  III. 
was  most  of  the  time  as  corrupt  and  inefficient 
as  Sir  George  asserts  it  to  have  been ;  but  the 
causes  of  the  American  Revolution  probably 
lay  in  America  rather  than  in  Westminster: 
the  forces  that  work  for  nationality  were  at 
work  in  the  western  world,  and  America  could 
not  be  expected  to  continue  much  longer  as 
the  willing  subject  of  a  distant  government. 
But  whether  the  author's  conclusions  be  ac- 
cepted or  rejected,  all  will  admit  that  he  has 
produced  a  work  of  singular  charm;  our 
only  regret  is  that  his  style  and  his  art  have 
enshrined  a  mistaken  view  of  American  his- 

LAURENCE  M.  LARSON. 


A  COMPENDIOUS  HISTORY  OF  ENGLISH 

LITERATURE.  * 


Teachers  and  publishers  are  ready  to  wel- 
come the  effort  of  that  scholar  who  shall  pro- 
duce an  ideal  history,  in  one  volume,  or  at 
most  two,  of  English  literature  from  Beowulf 


*  MODERN  ENGLISH  LITERATURE,  from  Chaucer  to  the  Present 
Day.    By  G.  H.  Mair.    New  York :  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 


16 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan. 1 


down  to  the  present  time.  Nor  are  signs  alto- 
gether wanting  that  the  appearance  of  the 
desired  book  is  near  at  hand.  Good  models  are 
to  be  had  in  works  of  the  right  proportion  on 
other  literatures  both  ancient  and  modern. 
One  thinks  of  the  "Abridged  History  of  Greek 
Literature"  by  Alfred  and  Maurice  Croiset, 
with  its  relation  to  their  larger  French  work 
in  five  volumes,  this  latter  being  perhaps  the 
best  history  of  any  literature  in  any  language. 
Or  one  thinks  of  Mr.  J.  Wright  Duff's  most 
admirable  "Literary  History  of  Rome,"  mar- 
vellous for  its  fulness,  accuracy,  and  conden- 
sation, and  for  a  grace  and  interest  that  never 
fail ;  or  of  Lanson  's  ' '  History  of  French  Lit- 
erature," which  merits  a  similar  description. 
Indeed,  we  may  recall  the  noble  work  of  Ten 
Brink  on  English  literature  itself,  regretting 
that  no  one  has  seen  fit  to  revise  the  transla- 
tion, and  to  complete  the  whole,  in  English,  in 
the  light  of  our  present  knowledge  —  in  which 
case  the  demand  for  an  ideal  book  would  be 
satisfied.  Wiilker's  volume  ("Geschichte  der 
Englischen  Litteratur  von  den  Aeltesten 
Zeiten  bis  zur  Gegenwart"),  so  far  as  I  am 
aware,  is  the  only  work  on  the  subject,  by  a 
recognized  scholar  with  a  technical  training, 
that  is  intended  to  be  popular,  and  at  the  same 
time  follows  the  entire  course  of  English 
literature  from  the  beginnings  down  to  Tenny- 
son and  Browning.  Wiilker  was  not  an  in- 
spired literary  critic,  as  Ten  Brink  was;  his 
illustrations,  and  his  estimable  motives, 
hardly  make  up  for  the  lack  of  attractiveness 
in  his  pages;  nevertheless  in  scope  his  book 
supplies  a  model. 

In  addition  to  models,  the  trained  linguist 
and  literary  student,  who  alone  could  produce 
the  desired  work,  would  have  a  few  literary- 
histories  of  particular  epochs  to  rest  upon, 
among  them  the  exceptionally  good  account  of 
Middle  English  literature  by  Professor  Brandl 
in  Paul's  ' ' Grundriss " ;  and  he  would  have 
at  his  command  the  "Cambridge  History  of 
English  Literature"  (with  its  bibliographies), 
though  the  several  parts  of  this  must  not  be 
employed  without  discrimination.  Nor  should 
one  forget  Professor  Northup's  forthcoming 
bibliography  of  bibliographies  for  the  study 
of  English,  which  will  be  indispensable  to 
every  scholar  in  this  and  related  subjects. 
But  the  ideal  historian  of  English  literature 
will  not  possess  every  advantage  enjoyed  by 
Lanson,  Duff,  and  the  brothers  Croiset:  he 
will  not  find  the  wheat  for  his  cake  so  thor- 
oughly ground  and  bolted  as  are  the  materials 
for  a  literary  history  of  France  or  Rome  or 
Greece.  Much  scholarly  attention,  it  is  true, 
has  of  late  been  devoted  to  the  period,  or 
periods,  subsequent  to  the  accession  of  Eliza- 


beth, which  Ten  Brink  some  twenty  years  ago 
felt  unprepared  to  treat  with  precision,  and  so 
omitted  from  his  plan.  Yet  from  the  Eliza- 
bethans on,  the  historian  will  find  many  serious 
gaps  in  our  knowledge,  and  more  than  one 
well-nigh  incredible  defect  in  the  necessary 
apparatus.  The  prose  of  Milton,  for  example, 
has  never  been  properly  edited ;  and  there  is 
no  satisfactory  edition  of  Burke.  Under  these 
conditions,  the  historian  must  divine  the  hid- 
den course  of  events  through  the  force  of  a 
trained  sympathetic  insight;  an  insight  into 
the  nature  and  genius  of  the  English  language 
and  literature  as  a  whole;  an  insight  nour- 
ished in  the  best  traditions  of  English  scholar- 
ship, and  rigorously  disciplined  in  those  parts 
of  the  subject — for  example,  in  Old  English — 
where  the  need  of  precision  is  most  obvious,  if 
not  also  most  attainable.  To  those  who  know, 
it  is  obvious  that  the  first  requisite  in  the  way 
of  external  acquirement  for  the  historian  of 
English  literature  is  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
Old  and  Middle  English. 

Mr.  Mair's  book,  in  spite  of  more  than  one 
excellence,  is  not  of  the  sort  we  have  in  mind. 
It  is  the  outgrowth  of  his  handy  little  volume, 
' '  English  Literature :  Modern, ' '  in  the ' '  Home 
University  Library,"  which  followed  a  supe- 
rior work  in  the  same  series,  "English  Lit- 
erature: Mediaeval,"  by  Professor  Ker.  Mr. 
Mair  's  present  work  begins  with  Chaucer,  and 
the  author  undertakes  to  defend  what  is  not 
defensible,  the  old  notion  that  English  litera- 
ture begins  with  "The  Canterbury  Tales." 
He  is  at  some  pains  not  to  be  caught  saying 
just  that,  but  it  is  the  idea  he  would  like  to 
convey.  "For  the  scholars,"  he  remarks, 
"our  literature  may  begin  earlier;  for  the 
poets  it  began  with  him  [Chaucer]."  Is  Mr. 
Mair  also  among  the  poets?  And  does  he 
think  that  students  of  Old  English  have  no 
feeling  for  literary  and  historical  values? 
Does  he  forget,  too,  that,  among  the  poets,  Ben 
Jonson,  Milton,  Wordsworth,  and  Tennyson 
showed  some  interest  in  the  earliest  stages 
of  the  language  and  literature,  and  were 
variously  indebted  to  the  study  of  it?  His 
general  mistake,  perhaps,  lies  in  uncritically 
following  Professor  Legouis,  and  in  coming  by 
'himself  to  project  Chaucer  on  a  French  and 
Italian  background ;  —  on  this  rather  than  on 
the  entire  background  of  mediaeval  ideas,  En- 
glish as  well  as  Continental,  and  in  Latin  as 
well  as  in  the  vernacular  literatures.  But 
in  particular  one  cannot  agree  with  him  when 
he  says  that,  if  we  go  no  farther  back  in 
England  than  Chaucer,  "we  shall  certainly 
lose  nothing  which  affects  what  is  to  come 
afterwards."  We  should  miss  the  Old  En- 
glish "Battle  of  Brunanburh, "  which  seems  to 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


17 


have  affected  Tennyson,  since  he  modernized 
it.  And  when  Mr.  Mair  says  that  Old  English 
is  as  distinct  from  Modern  as  Modern  English 
is  from  German,  he  must  mean  superficially  — 
as  it  were,  to  a  schoolboy's  vision.  Neither 
a  scholar  nor  a  poet  who  really  knew  and  loved 
Old  English  would  say  so.  We  suspect  Mr. 
Mair's  attainments  in  this  part  of  the  field 
from  the  time  he  alludes  in  his  Preface  to  ' '  the 
philologist"  (meaning  student  of  linguistics) 
and  "the  professor  of  dead  dialects";  and  we 
therefore  suspect  his  ability  to  judge  after  the 
fashion  of  Ten  Brink  whether  the  study  of 
Chaucer  is  much  or  little  dependent  upon  the 
study  of  Old  and  Middle  English. 

Before  proceeding  to  the  praise  which  on 
some  accounts  we  wish  to  accord  to  Mr.  Mair's 
volume,  let  us  attend  to  a  few  other  strictures. 
His  plan,  he  says, 

"  aims  at  maintaining  an  individual  point  of  view, 
at  laying  stress  on  ideas  and  tendencies  rather  than 
at  recording  facts  and  events,  and  it  does  not  hesi- 
tate to  draw  generously  on  standard  works  of  criti- 
cism and  biography  with  which  students  are 
familiar." 

If   in   several  cases   the   author   derives   his 
opinions  from  excellent  studies,  such  as  the 
work  on  Chaucer  by  Professor  Legouis,  never- 
theless he  cannot  be  termed  discriminating  in 
the  matter  of  authorities.    Thue  he  is  capable 
of  naming  as  the  "two  best  critics"  of  Milton 
one  who  is  good,  but  not  best,  Mark  Pattison, 
and    "Professor"    Walter    Raleigh,    who    is 
negligible.    Where  in  his  hierarchy  would  Mr. 
Mair  put  Addison  and  Dr.  Robert  Bridges? 
And  where  would  Osgood,  Masson,  and  Verity 
come  in?     This  lack  of  discrimination  as  to 
books  is  on  a  par  with  several  other  uncritical 
utterances.    For  example,  Milton  "never  vio- 
lates the  harmony  of  sound  or  sense."    Is  that 
an  echo  of  Matthew  Arnold's  description,  "In 
the  sure  and  flawless  perfection  of  his  rhythm 
and  diction  ......  ."1     It  was  Huxley,  was  it 

not,  who  imagined  that  Herbert  Spencer's 
definition  of  tragedy  would  be,  "a  generaliza- 
tion killed  by  a  fact"?  Enter  Mr.  Mair's  un- 
guarded "never"  followed  by  this  irrecon- 
cilable fact  from  the  Ninth  Book  of  "Paradise 
Lost"  (11.41.  ff.): 

"  Mee  of  these 

Nor  skilld  nor  studious,  higher  Argument 
Remaines,  sufficient  of  it  self  to  raise 
That  name,  unless  an  age  too  late,  or  cold 
Climat,  or  Years  damp  my  intended  wing 
Deprest,  and  much  they  may,  if  all  be  mine." 
Yes,  the  good  Milton  sometimes  nods,  as  his 
best     critic,     Wordsworth,     frankly    admits, 
stating  the  matter  thus : 

"  I  could  point  out  to  you  five  hundred  passages  in 
Milton  upon  which  labor  has  been  bestowed,  and 
twice  five  hundred  more  to  which  additional  labor 


would  have  been  serviceable;  not  that  I  regret  the 
absence  of  such  labor,  because  no  poem  contains 
more  proof  of  skill  acquired  by  practice." 
Nor  would  better  critics,  I  believe,  go  so  far  as 
to  say  with  Mr.  Mair  that  Milton  ' '  devised  his 
own  subjects,  and  wrote  his  own  style,"  or 
that  "he  stands  alone,  and  must  be  judged 
alone";  Mark  Pattison,  indeed,  says  some- 
thing different.  Granting  that  Milton's  soul 
was  like  a  star,  and  dwelt  apart,  we  cannot 
judge  the  poet  by  himself,  since  there  is  no 
astronomy,  or  other  science,  of  the  individual. 
His  subjects  were  the  common  property  of 
England,  Holland,  and  Italy,  and  his  treat- 
ment of  them  was  profoundly  influenced  by 
the  Italian  interpretation  of  ancient  poetical 
theory. 

To  tell  the  truth,  Mr.  Mair,  as  his  over- 
praise evinces,  is  not  in  sympathy  with  Milton, 
but  with  traditional  notions  about  the  poet, 
unrectified  by  scholarly  observation  and  com- 
parison of  the  facts.  As  a  result,  coming  to 
the  point  in  Milton 's  biography  where  sympa- 
thy is  most  needed,  he  rashly  declares  that 
"Milton  always  argued  from  himself  to  man- 
kind at  large,"  and  falls  into  the  vulgar  error 
of  associating  the  Miltonic  writings  on  divorce 
too  closely  with  Milton's  private  life.  Are 
they  not,  rather,  singularly  objective,  and  is 
there  anything  better  on  the  subject  in  En- 
glish? The  spirit  of  them  is  altogether  in 
keeping  writh  the  ideal  of  good  manners  rep- 
resented in  the  speeches  of  Adam  and  Eve, 
almost  constantly,  in  "Paradise  Lost,"  and 
constantly  in  the  words  and  actions  of  the 
Hero  in  "Paradise  Regained."  "Manners," 
we  recall,  are  one  of  the  gifts  which  Words- 
worth, good  poet  and  scholar,  thinks  to  be  in 
Milton 's  keeping  for  England. 

Turning  to  Shakespeare,  we  again  find  Mr. 
Mair  using  that  dangerous  word  "never": 
"A  study  of  the  plots  of  either  the  comedies  or  the 
tragedies  will  convince  the  reader  that  the  orderly 
faculty  of  marshalling  events  has  never  been  so 
completely  shown  in  the  work  of  any  other  writer." 

What  about  Sophocles?  But  perhaps  we  are 
to  understand:  any  other  English  writer. 
Well,  what  about  Thackeray  in  "The  Rose  and 
the  Ring,"  or  Fielding  in  "Tom  Jones"? 
"What  a  master  of  composition  Fielding 
was!"  says  Coleridge.  "Upon  my  word,  I 
think  the  'Oedipus  Tyrannus,'  'The  Alchem- 
ist,' and  'Tom  Jones'  the  three  most  perfect 
plots  ever  planned."  No  Shakespearean 
scholar  would  have  expressed  himself  as  does 
Mr.  Mair;  in  the  first  place,  none  would  put 
most  of  the  comedies,  in  the  matter  of  con- 
struction, on  as  high  a  level  as  most  of  the 
tragedies.  And  to  sum  up  in  the  words  of 
Mr.  A.  C.  Bradley  on  Shakespeare : 


18 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan.  1 


"  Nine-tenths  of  his  defects  are  not  .  .  .  the  errors 
of  an  inspired  genius,  ignorant  of  art,  but  the  sins 
of  a  great  but  negligent  artist." 

Turning  to  the  pages  on  Wordsworth,  we 
discover  the  same  bent  for  overstatement, 
and  for  essentially  the  same  sort  of  thread- 
bare comment  as  is  passed  along  in  certain 
handbooks  of  criticism  and  biography  with 
which  students  are  familiar.  Thus:  Words- 
worth is  "a  complete  innovator";  "he  found 
his  subjects  in  new  places";  in  his  earlier 
years  he  had  a  vision  of  "nature,"  which 
eventually  faded,  so  that  only  "a  few  fine 
things  fitfully  illumine  the  enormous  and 
dreary  bulk  of  his  later  work  " ;  "  if  we  lost  all 
but  the  'Lyrical  Ballads,'  the  poems  of  1804 
[misprint  for  1807],  and  the  'Prelude,'  and 
the  'Excursion,'  Wordsworth's  position  as  a 
poet  would  be  no  lower  than  it  is  now. ' '  Does 
Mr.  Mair  realize  that  he  has  included  three- 
quarters  of  the  poet 's  work  ?  The  bulk  of  what 
is  left  is  not  enormous.  The  other  assertions 
also  need  reconsideration.  Wordsworth  is  not 
a  complete  innovator :  in  part  he  harks  back  to 
his  favorite  "elder  poets"  —  more  especially 
to  Spenser  and  Milton.  Substituting  England 
for  Sicily  and  the  Mediterranean,  one  may  say 
that  Wordsworth  finds  his  subjects  where  The- 
ocritus found  them;  and  that  is  just  what  he 
tells  us  in  the  Eighth  Book  of  the  "Prelude." 
In  his  earlier  period  his  imagination  was 
tinged  with  a  neo-Platonism  which,  while  not 
very  good  of  its  kind,  still  counts  as  "poetry" 
with  the  average  reader  of  the  present.  That 
is,  when  Wordsworth  talks  about  a  motion  and 
a  spirit  "rolling"  through  various  things,  peo- 
ple think  him  inspired,  though  they  may  not 
care  for  his  translation  of  Michael  Angelo's 
address  "To  the  Supreme  Being,"  which 
contains  a  very  different  form  of  teaching. 
Wordsworth  gradually  outgrew  his  crude 
naive  philosophy,  and,  drawing  his  inspira- 
tion less  and  less  from  neo-Platonism,  and 
more  and  more  from  Christianity,  produced  a 
body  of  verse  that  in  workmanship  is  superior 
to  his  earlier  attempts.  Much  of  it  is  likely  to 
attract  well-educated  readers  of  subsequent 
generations,  when  the  doctrine  of  divine  imma- 
nence gives  way,  as  it  gave  way  in  Words- 
worth, to  a  more  artistic  conception  of  the 
universe.  There  are  not  "a  few,"  but  many 
"fine  things"  in  the  "Ecclesiastical  Sonnets," 
that  most  important  of  his  later  writings ;  it 
is  a  body  of  work  that  naturally  falls  into  its 
place  with  the  writings  of  Herbert  and  Keble ; 
and  a  critic  who  aims  at  maintaining  an  indi- 
vidual point  of  view  (which  means  observing 
and  comparing  for  himself)  cannot  afford  to 
treat  it  as  it  is  treated  in  ordinary  books  of 
criticism  and  biography. 


Though  he  now  and  then  lapses  into  an 
overfamiliar  style,  and  though,  as  we  have 
seen,  his  judgments  lack  finality,  Mr.  Mair  on 
the  whole  is  naturally  alert,  and  expresses 
things  for  himself,  often  with  vigor,  and 
sometimes  with  felicity.  He  duly  insists  upon 
looking  at  the  history  of  literature  in  the  light 
of  fundamental  principles,  and  on  occasion 
enunciates  such  doctrine  as  the  following 
(pp.  47-48)  : 

"  The  unit  of  all  ordinary  kinds  of  writing  is  the 
word,  and  one  is  not  commonly  quarrelled  with  for 
using  words  that  have  belonged  to  other  people. 
But  the  unit  of  the  lyric,  like  the  unit  of  spoken 
conversation,  is  not  the  word  but  the  phrase.  Now 
in  daily  human  intercourse  the  use,  which  is  uni- 
versal and  habitual,  of  set  forms  and  phrases  of 
talk  is  not  commonly  supposed  to  detract  from  or 
destroy  sincerity.  In  the  crises,  indeed,  of  emotion 
it  must  be  most  people's  experience  that  the  natural 
speech  that  rises  unbidden  and  easiest  to  the  lips  is 
something  quite  familiar  and  commonplace,  some 
form  which  the  accumulated  experience  of  many 
generations  of  separate  people  has  found  best  for 
such  circumstances  or  such  an  occasion.  The  lyric 
is  in  the  position  of  conversation  at  such  a  height- 
ened and  emotional  moment  .  .  .  This  is  not  to  say 
that  there  is  no  such  thing  as  originality ;  a  poet  is 
a  poet  first  and  most  of  all  because  he  discovers 
truths  that  have  been  known  for  ages,  as  things  that 
are  fresh  and  new  and  vital  for  himself." 

• 

A  word  of  praise  must  be  given  to  the  six- 
teen portraits  scattered  through  the  volume. 
The  one  of  Wordsworth  (p.  220),  reproducing 
the  sketch  by  Pickersgill  in  the  Library  of  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge,  though  not  well 
known,  is  a  fortunate  choice. 

LANE  COOPER. 


AN  ICONOCLAST  IN  ARCHITECTURAL, 
CRITICISM.* 


Mr.  Geoffrey  Scott's  "The  Architecture  of 
Humanism:  A  Study  in  the  History  of 
Taste"  breaks  sharply  with  the  traditions 
of  English  criticism  by  attacking  the  formulas 
on  which  the  apotheoses  of  Greek  and  of 
Gothic  art  have  been  based  and  boldly  cham- 
pioning the  architecture  of  the  Renaissance. 
In  the  mind  of  the  author  the  book  is  an  at- 
tempt to  formulate  the  chief  aesthetic  princi- 
ples of  classical  design  in  architecture,  and  to 
trace  the  history  of  our  critical  canons;  in 
reality  it  is  a  violent  polemic  against  earlier 
opinions  and  a  dogmatic  apologia  for  a  style 
deified  in  advance. 

In  so  far  as  the  author  makes  clear  the 
development  and  points  out  the  inadequacies 
of  nineteenth  century  critical  theory  he  does 

*  THE  ARCHITECTURE  OF  HUMANISM.    A  Study  in  the  History 
of  Taste.     By  Geoffrey  Scott.     Boston :  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


a  needful  service.  The  working  belief  of  the 
contemporary  artist  and  critic  of  art  is  too 
often  a  jumble  of  incongruous  fragments  from 
earlier  systems,  patched  together  without  ap- 
preciation of  their  inconsistency  or  true  his- 
torical relations.  The  text  in  hand  brings 
order  into  this  confusion,  distinguishing,  very 
justly,  successive  phases  in  the  development 
of  critical  dogmas.  On  the  academic  method 
of  imitation  of  the  antique  and  search  for  per- 
fect mathematical  proportions,  followed  the 
romantic  idealization  first  of  Greece  and  then 
of  the  Middle  Ages,  passing  over  into  the  cult 
of  the  natural  and  the  picturesque.  Then  fol- 
lowed the  ethical  evaluation  of  styles  by 
Ruskin  and  his  followers,  the  mechanical  or 
structural  evaluation  of  Violet-le-Duc,  and 
finally  the  biological,  evolutionary  explana- 
tion of  compulsion  from  environment  which 
still  dominates  criticism.  Obviously  any  of 
these  interpretations  singly,  or  all  of  them 
together,  cannot  exhaust  the  aesthetic  values 
of  architecture.  There  will  still  remain  purely 
spacial  relationships,  eluding  even  the  aca- 
demic formula?.  To  call  all  previous  views 
"fallacies"  out  of  hand,  however,  as  does  Mr. 
Scott,  betrays  a  failure  to  realize  their  par- 
tial validity,  as  well  as  a  lack  of  historic 
modesty. 

The  substitute  which  he  has  to  offer,  the 
"humanist"  evaluation,  is  not,  we  find,  the 
theory  of  the  humanists  themselves,  but  a 
modern  psychological  doctrine,  humanist  only 
in  a  curious  sense  —  Professor  Lipps's  theory 
of  Einfuhlung.  This  familiar  hypothesis, 
which  Mr.  Bernhard  Berenson  has  already  ap- 
plied to  Renaissance  painting,  explains  our 
aesthetic  sensations  as  unconscious  projections 
into  the  external  world  of  our  own  bodily 
movements  and  tensions.  To  illustrate,  arches 
seem  to  "spring,"  domes  to  "swell,"  and 
spires  to ' '  soar, ' '  because  we  identify  ourselves 
with  their  apparent  states.  If  one  were  dis- 
posed to  jest,  one  might  say  that  Mr.  Scott's 
own  fallacy  had  been  added  in  advance,  by  his 
own  arch-villain,  Ruskin,  to  the  romantic,  the 
ethical,  the  mechanical,  and  the  biologic  falla- 
cies which  he  himself  has  condemned.  It  is 
the  pathetic  fallacy,  a  poetic  animism,  digni- 
fied by  a  modern  and  philosophic  garb.  "With- 
out entering  seriously  upon  its  merits,  we  may 
suggest  that  its  truth  or  falsity  is  really  irrele- 
vant to  Mr.  Scott's  more  concrete  propositions 
that  mass,  space,  line,  and  coherence  are  the 
true  language  of  architecture,  and  that  Renais- 
sance architecture,  which  speaks  this  language 
with  least  restraint,  is  the  style  in  which  archi- 
tectural principles  can  most  fruitfully  be 
studied. 

The  importance  of  abstract  qualities  like 


mass,  line,  and  space  is  recognized  by  aesthetic 
philosophers  whose  systems  are  most  diverse 
or  antagonistic.  Even  one  who  has  given  such 
a  wide  extension  to  the  aesthetic  field  as  Signor 
Benedetto  Croce  sees  in  them  the  channels  for 
those  expressions  peculiar  to  architecture,  in- 
capable of  translation  into  other  media.  The 
idea  that  they  exhaust  its  values,  however,  is 
an  intolerable  limitation,  and  one  which,  un- 
just to  other  styles,  does  Renaissance  archi- 
tecture itself  less  than  justice.  We  must  turn 
against  the  author's  dogmatic  assertions,  his 
own  protest  against  earlier  apologies :  ' '  Con- 
ducted without  impartiality,  arguments  such 
as  these  are  but  the  romance  of  criticism; 
they  can  intensify  and  decorate  our  preju- 
dices, but  cannot  render  them  convincing." 
It  is  true  that  a  sympathetic  estimate  of 
Renaissance  architecture  must  depend  on  an 
appreciation  of  abstract,  spacial  qualities,  but 
it  is  equally  true  that  an  extension  of  the 
abstract  criterion  to  other  styles  as  the  one 
principle  of  judgment  would  be  as  illegiti- 
mate as  similar  extensions  of  mechanical  or 
biological  criteria. 

Perhaps  Mr.  Scott's  brilliant  and  forceful 
rhetoric,  in  spite  of  the  over- emphasis  which 
arouses  protest  at  almost  every  page,  is  the 
only  weapon  by  which  popular  prejudices, 
themselves  partly  rhetorical  in  origin,  can  be 
beaten  down.  It  is  a  pity,  though,  if  the 
rhetorical  bias  of  English  criticism  is  so  strong 
as  to  deprive  us  permanently  of  discussion 
which  is  measured  and  temperate. 

SIDNEY  FISKE  KIMBALL. 


RECENT  VIEWS  or  CHINA.* 


The  conflagration  now  consuming  the  visi- 
ble fabric  of  civilization  in  Europe,  from 
which  brands  have  already  been  carried  by 
Japan  to  the  northeast  corner  of  China,  gives 
increased  importance  to  all  questions  concern- 
ing the  future  of  the  Chinese  people.  Consti- 
tuting so  large  a  fraction  of  the  population  of 
the  globe,  and  inhabiting  territory  immensely 
wealthy  in  undeveloped  resources,  this  people 
seems  to  be  destined  to  play  either  a  great  or 
a  very  pitiable  role  in  the  history  of  the  pres- 
ent century.  The  decision  of  Fate  between 
these  two  possibilities  rests  upon  external  and 
internal  forces  still  difficult  to  gauge.  If  the 
present  stupendous  conflict  in  Europe  deter- 
mines whether  the  leading  nationalities  of  the 
world  are  to  be  military  and  conquering  in 

*  FORCES  MINING  AND  UNDERMINING  CHINA.  By  Rowland  G. 
Gibson.  New  York :  The  Century  Co. 

THIRTY  YEARS  IN  THE  MANCHU  CAPITAL.  By  Dugald  Chris- 
tie. New  York  :  McBride,  Nast  &  Co. 

A  WOMAN  IN  CHINA.  By  Mary  Gaunt.  Philadelphia :  J.  B. 
Lippincott  Co. 


20 


THE    DIAL, 


[Jan.  1 


temper,  or  commercial  and  increasingly  fra- 
ternal, it  will  turn  the  scales  one  way  or  the 
other  for  China.  But  the  internal  forces  to 
be  estimated  are  complex,  subtle,  and  in 
transition,  so  that  they  are  now  scarcely  capa- 
ble of  certain  analysis  and  are  treacherous 
material  for  prophecy.  With  all  that  has  been 
written  about  China  and  the  Chinese,  the 
Occident  is  by  no  means  of  one  mind  concern- 
ing the  traits  of  the  race  and  its  capabilities. 
There  is  need  just  now  for  much  thorough- 
going study  of  the  Chinese. 

Three  recent  books  add  each  something  of 
worth  to  the  material  upon  which  we  must 
base  our  forecast  of  China 's  future  world  rela- 
tionships. The  three  authors,  fortunately,  see 
their  subject  from  three  distinct  points  of 
view.  Mr.  Gibson  is  a  "military  interpreter 
in  the  Chinese  language";  Dr.  Christie  is  a 
medical  missionary  who  has  spent  thirty  years 
in  Mukden,  Manchuria ;  Mrs.  Gaunt  is  a  pro- 
fessional writer  of  fiction  and  stories  of  travel. 

"Forces  Mining  and  Undermining  China" 
is,  we  regret  to  say,  lacking  in  that  orderly 
analysis  and  mastery  of  material  which  wins 
the  confidence  of  the  reader  in  the  judgment 
of  the  writer.  The  book  contains  valuable 
information  concerning  mining,  railways, 
labor,  finances,  and  concessions  in  China,  and 
is  well  worth  a  rapid  survey;  but  it  lacks 
maturity  of  judgment  and  dignity  of  expres- 
sion. 

"Thirty  Years  in  the  Manchu  Capital"  is, 
on  the  other  hand,  a  work  of  unusual  merit. 
A  simple,  unpretentious  account  of  events  that 
have  come  under  the  author's  personal  ob- 
servation and  experiences  through  which  he 
has  passed,  the  book  throws  much  light  upon 
two  wars  fought  on  Chinese  territory  —  the 
Chino-Japanese  and  Russo-Japanese  conflicts 
—  and  gives  the  reader  definite  impressions  of 
Chinese  character  through  sketches  of  various 
individual  Chinese  known  to  the  author.  The 
method  and  style  of  the  book  are  natural  and 
entertaining.  The  author  wins  without  effort 
the  confidence  and  respect  of  the  reader,  and 
his  kindly  and  favorable  estimate  of  the  Chi- 
nese carries  a  high  degree  of  conviction.  There 
is,  however,  very  little  effort  at  generalizing, 
so  that  the  book  furnishes  evidence  rather 
than  argument  in  connection  with  the  problem 
of  China. 

Among  recent  publications  dealing  with 
this  problem  no  book  we  have  seen  possesses 
the  literary  merit  of  Mrs.  Gaunt 's  "A  Woman 
in  China. ' '  Entering  the  country  by  the  Sibe- 
rian Railway  in  mid-winter  shortly  after  the 
Revolution,  the  author  spent  some  weeks  in 
Peking  observing  and  studying,  and  then  trav- 
elled without  companion  by  cart  to  Jehol, 


Inner  Mongolia,  the  ancient  hunting  palace 
and  grounds  of  the  Manchu  emperors.  Her 
opportunity  for  forming  an  independent  im- 
pression of  the  Chinese  was,  thus,  very  differ- 
ent from  that  of  the  ordinary  tourist,  and  her 
training  as  a  writer  has  enabled  her  to  pro- 
duce one  of  the  most  entertaining  and  pleas- 
ing of  books  on  the  subject.  Artistic  by  tem- 
perament, Mrs.  Gaunt  has  filled  her  pages 
with  sketches  from  life,  vivid  and  delightful. 
Her  appreciation  of  Chinese  architecture  and 
landscape  gardening  is  more  earnest  and  out- 
spoken than  that  of  any  writer  we  recall.  In- 
deed, "A  Woman  in  China"  is  a  rather 
unusual  blend  of  keen  observation,  humor, 
sympathy,  and  artistic  sense. 

An  artist,  however,  is  a  delineator  and  in- 
terpreter of  the  static  present,  not  a  guide  or 
a  prophet.  Possessed  completely  by  the  sem- 
blance before  the  eyes  and  concerned  in  its 
reproduction  through  the  medium  of  art,  the 
artist  lacks  a  sense  for  the  future,  as  yet  invisi- 
ble and  wholly  unpicturesque.  In  spite  of  her 
evident  good  judgment,  Mrs.  Gaunt  is,  first  of 
all,  an  artist.  The  China  which  seemed  to  her 
antique  and  static,  ancient  Babylon  still  sur- 
viving in  the  midst  of  a  novel  and  alien  world, 
does  not  thus  appear  to  Dr.  Christie,  who  has 
witnessed  the  changes  of  only  three  decades. 
Even  the  most  gifted  observer  may  be  so 
engrossed  by  the  quaint  and  outre  in  features, 
costume,  manners,  and  age-long  habits  that  he 
requires  years,  rather  than  weeks,  to  penetrate 
behind  these  veils  which  conceal  the  essential 
human  spirit.  Diversity  in  outward  mani- 
festations does  not  disprove  the  unity  of  the 
human  soul  in  all  the  races  of  men.  The  civ- 
ilization of  any  race  may  be  slowly  trans- 
formed by  the  working  of  new  forces  brought 
to  bear  upon  it,  and  such  forces  are  now  at 
work  in  China. 

OLIN  DANTZLER  WANNAMAKER. 


BRIEFS  ox  NEW  BOOKS. 


c      ,.      . 

Scandinavian 

literature  in 


One  of  the  main  purposes  of  the 

.  .^ 

American-Scandinavian  b  oun- 
dation,  established  in  1911  by 
the  generous  bequest  of  Niels  Poulsen,  is  to 
publish  English  translations  of  important 
Scandinavian  literary  works.  That  purpose 
has  now  become  achievement  to  the  extent  of 
three  interesting  volumes  that  offer  us  the 
first  fruits  of  this  aspect  of  the  Foundation's 
enterprise.  Two  of  the  volumes,  devoted  to 
Holberg  and  Tegner,  are  entitled  "Scandina- 
vian Classics";  the  third,  "The  Voyages  of 
the  Norsemen  to  America,"  is  the  first  issue 
of  a  series  of  "  Scandivanian  Monographs." 
The  Holberg  volume  is  singularly  welcome 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


21 


and  opportune.  It  offers  three  of  the  come- 
dies, in  a  translation  made  by  Dr.  Oscar 
James  Campbell  and  Mr.  Frederic  Schenck. 
Dr.  Campbell,  it  will  be  remembered,  gave  us 
last  spring  a  study  of  Holberg  which  was  the 
first  work  in  the  English  language  upon  the 
greatest  of  all  Scandinavian  authors.  We 
now  have  three  comedies  representing  the 
playwright  who  completes  the  great  trinity  of 
modern  writers  of  comedy  —  Moliere,  Goldoni, 
and  Holberg.  The  selection  is  the  best  pos- 
sible—  "Jeppe  paa  Bjerget,"  "Den  Poli- 
kiske  Kandstober,"  and  ''Erasmus  Mon- 
tanus, ' '  a  selection  in  striking  contrast  to  that 
made  a  year  or  two  ago  by  a  retired  English 
army  officer,  who  gave  us  three  of  the  least 
•significant  and  characteristic  of  the  comedies 
in  a  singularly  wrooden  translation.  Dr. 
Campbell's  three  represent  Holberg  at  his 
best,  and  his  version  is  nervous,  colloquial, 
and  faithful. —  The  Tegner  volume,  edited  by 
Mr.  Paul  Robert  Lieder,  offers  a  reprint  of 
old  matter  —  Longfellow's  "The  Children  of 
the  Lord's  Supper"  and  W.  L.  Blackley's 
^'Frithiof's  Saga"  —  the  latter  first  printed 
in  1857.  This  is  a  fair  translation  —  no  bet- 
ter than  several  others  of  the  score  or  more 
that  exist,  but  it  has  the  distinction  of  having 
been  the  first  to  be  printed  in  this  country. — 
Commander  William  Hovgaard's  treatise  on 
"The  Voyages  of  the  Norsemen  to  America" 
is  planned  on  a  large  scale,  and  makes  a  vol- 
ume of  three  hundred  pages,  abundantly  illus- 
trated. So  much  work  has  been  done  in  this 
field  of  recent  years  that  a  comprehensive 
statement  of  the  theories  and  conclusions  of 
modern  scholars  is  a  very  desirable  thing  to 
have,  and  the  author  is  well  equipped  for  the 
performance.  He  treats  of  his  subject  as  an 
historical  critic,  a  naturalist,  an  archaeologist 
and  ethnologist,  and  especially  as  an  expert 
in  nautical  matters  and  geography.  The 
treatment  of  all  these  matters  is  minute  and 
exhaustive.  With  regard  to  controverted 
points,  it  may  be  said  that  he  regards  the 
saga  narratives  as  essentially  historical,  in 
opposition  to  Nansen's  belief  in  their  legen- 
dary character;  that  he  believes  the  Skrael- 
ings  in  some  instances  to  have  been  Indians 
and  not  Eskimos;  that  he  holds  the  vinber 
to  have  been  grapes  rather  than  currants  or 
cranberries,  and  Vinland  (with  the  long 
vowel)  to  have  really  meant  Wineland;  and 
he  offers  evidence  that  the  site  of  Leif 's  set- 
tlement may  well  have  been  as  far  south  as 
the  coast  of  Massachusetts.  Perhaps  the  most 
valuable  part  of  the  work  is  its  detailed  de- 
scription of  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Baffin 
Land  to  the  Hudson,  and  its  attempts  to 
identify  the  shores  described  in  the  sagas 


with  actual  parts  of  the  American  continent. 
The  whole  question  is  bewildering  and  baf- 
fling, and  Commander  Hovgaard  has  probably 
done  all  that  is  scientifically  possible  to  shed 
light  upon  it.  He  has  no  hobbies,  and  this  is 
perhaps  the  most  important  prerequisite  for 
the  handling  of  the  whole  complex  problem. 

Mr.  Ernest  Newman  in  his  book 
it  tl Wagner  as  Man  and  Artist" 
(Dutton)  gives  us  a  full  length 
painting  of  the  remarkable  musician  and 
dramatist.  He  says  in  his  Preface:  "In 
spite  of  the  size  of  this  volume,  many  readers 
will  no  doubt  feel  that  it  either  discusses 
inadequately  several  aspects  of  Wagner's 
work  and  personality  or  it  passes  them  over 
altogether.  I  plead  guilty;  but  to  have  fol- 
lowed Wagner  up  in  every  one  of  his  many- 
sided  activities  —  in  all  his  political,  ethical, 
economic,  ethnical,  sociological  speculations  — 
would  have  necessitated  not  one  book  but 
four."  And  yet  he  says  farther  on :  "While 
there  is  at  present  no  adequate  life  of  Wag- 
ner, there  is  probably  more  biographical  mate- 
rial available  in  connection  with  him  than 
with  any  other  artist  who  has  lived;  and  on 
the  basis  of  this  material  it  seems  justifiable 
now  to  attempt — what  was  impossible  until 
the  publication  of  Mein  Leben  in  1911  —  a 
complete  and  psychological  estimate  of  him." 
We  do  not  feel  that  the  two  statements  can 
be  made  to  agree,  and  we  find,  indeed,  that  in 
the  long  discussion  of  "Wagner  as  a  Man/' 
there  are  principally  presented  the  relations 
of  Wagner  with  his  wife,  Minna,  and  the 
other  women  who  contrived  to  make  his  life 
disappointing  and  miserable  until  Cosima 
Wagner  made  her  appearance.  A  treatment 
of  Wagner's  relations  to  politics,  government, 
economics,  might  have  been  undertaken  with- 
out detriment  to  a  subject  like  friendships 
with  the  other  sex,  which  ought  in  every  case 
to  be  kept  within  the  limits  which  belong  to 
it.  Mr.  Newman  could  have  compressed  the 
love  episodes,  and  enlarged  the  consideration 
of  other  sides  of  Wagner's  character  without 
becoming  prolix  or  lessening  the  value  of  his 
picture.  He  could  have  led  up  to  his  superb 
summary  by  a  completer  exposition  of  the 
varied  interests  of  this  restless  and  cosmopoli- 
tan artist.  We  also  question  the  advisability 
of  considering  the  form,  to  the  exclusion  of 
the  content,  of  Wagner's  works.  We  see  this 
course  taken  and  advocated  in  the  second 
part  of  the  book,  "The  Artist  in  Theory." 
It  would  seem  that  a  discussion  of  Wag- 
ner's power  of  character  representation,  his 
mastery  of  material,  his  immense  advances 
in  technique,  would  be  enhanced  by  adequate 


22 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan.  1 


statements  of  his  intent  and  purpose.  Such 
was  undoubtedly  the  opinion  of  the  com- 
poser, and  the  reproduction  of  his  idea  in 
completely  congruous  music  was  his  great 
effort  and  purpose.  It  is  unquestionably  in 
the  third  part  of  his  volume,  "The  Artist  in 
Practice,"  that  Mr.  Newman  finds  himself 
most  at  home,  and  it  is  here  that  the  reader 
will  find  him  most  convincing  and  authorita- 
tive. Whatever  our  views  may  be  of  Wagner 
and  his  work,  we  must  take  into  account  this 
book  of  Mr.  Newman's.  All  the  great  ques- 
tions in  regard  to  Wagner's  achievement  are 
here  considered  with  insight.  We  may  not 
agree  with  Mr.  Newman's  conclusions,  but  we 
must  concede  his  knowledge,  his  depth  of 
appreciation,  his  eloquence  of  expression.  No 
book  on  the  subject  will  appeal  to  a  larger 
circle  of  readers,  nor  give  a  more  vivid  con- 
ception of  the  whole  movement. 


Insect  biog- 

raphies,  new 


The  charm  of  M.  J.  H.  Fabre's 

.  ,  .  , 

Souvenicr  Entomologiques, 
published  in  1882  and  now 
translated  by  Mr.  Alexander  Teixeira  De 
Mattos,  has  its  origin  in  the  author's  enthusi- 
asm for  his  researches,  in  his  skill  in  building 
up  the  reader's  interest  in  his  observations 
and  experiments,  and  in  a  certain  naive  un- 
sophisticated simplicity.  The  translator  has 
preserved  the  latter  admirably  in  "The 
Mason-bees"  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.)  the  latest 
volume  in  the  series  of  translations  of  M. 
Fabre  's  work.  This  deals  with  the  habits  and 
instincts  of  certain  solitary  mud-working 
bees  of  southern  Europe  and  touches  upon  the 
operation  and  origin  of  such  fundamental  bio- 
logical phenomena  as  the  homing  instinct  in 
bees,  ants,  and  cats,  and  the  origin  of  the  semi- 
parasitic  habits  of  those  bees  which,  like  the 
cuckoos  among  birds,  lay  their  eggs  in  nests 
not  their  own.  The  author  is  a  keen  observer, 
with  an  experimental  turn  of  mind,  and  puts 
to  test  his  theories  of  sight  and  memory  as 
guiding  factors  in  the  homeward  movements 
of  insects.  The  translation  is  excellently  done 
save  for  a  few  lapses  into  archaic  terms.  — 
While  M.  Fabre  depends  wholly  upon  word 
pictures  to  charm  his  reader,  Ward's  "Insect 
Biographies  with  Pen  and  Camera"  (Stokes) 
supplements  these  by  plates  in  color  and 
heliotype  and  excellent  half-tones.  The  book 
aims  to  present  the  life  histories  of  certain  of 
the  representative  insects,  such  as  the  lace- 
wing  fly,  various  moths  and  butterflies,  the 
"death  watch"  beetles,  the  hover-fly,  and  the 
flea,  and  adds  to  these  some  account  of  mites 
and  spiders.  The  photographs  are  nearly  all 
from  life,  and  the  attitudes  of  the  subjects  por- 
trayed are  therefore  normal.  Both  the  pho- 


tographer and  the  engraver  have  succeeded 
exceptionally  well  in  their  work.  Intensive 
study  directed  to  a  few  carefully  selected 
types  and  carried  to  a  high  degree  of  com- 
pleteness characterizes  this  work  and  lifts  it 
above  the  level  of  the  ordinary  "nature 
study"  treatment  of  entomological  topics. 


It  is  always  an  unwelcome  task 
An  ambitious  ^o  question  the  value  of  an  ex- 

OOOK  on  Ctcero.  5    _  . 

tended  work  written  by  a  con- 
scientious scholar  of  mature  years;  but  a 
dutiful  reviewer  is  bound  to  ask  what  useful 
end  can  be  served  by  Professor  E.  G.  Sihler's 
large  volume  on  "Cicero  of  Arpinum"  (Yale 
University  Press).  The  gifted  Tully,  so 
unanimously  lauded  as  an  orator,  so  bitterly 
debated  as  a  statesman,  has  been  the  subject 
of  many  pens,  and  a  new  treatise  on  a  large 
scale  can  be  justified  only  by  unique  historical 
acumen  or  some  singular  felicity  of  presenta- 
tion. To  the  latter  qualification  our  volume 
can  make  no  claim  whatever ;  in  fact,  a  rigor- 
ous effort  is  necessary  to  hold  oneself  to  the 
task  of  reading  it,  so  dispiriting  is  the  style 
even  to  the  most  loyal  student,  so  painful  to 
any  reader  with  the  least  literary  feeling.  If 
the  editors  of  a  great  university  press,  like 
that  of  Yale,  cannot  ensure  a  passably  good 
general  presentation,  they  might  at  least  pre- 
clude annoying  violations  of  elementary  gram- 
mar and  punctuation.  Naturally,  however, 
almost  any  failure  in  English  would  be  gladly 
forgiven  if  the  work  were  distinguished  by  an 
unusually  keen  sense  for  human  character 
and  motives,  by  some  fine  gift  of  perspective, 
some  compelling  profundity  of  judgment, 
some  comprehensive  faculty  of  grouping  the 
particular  and  universal  together,  in  short, 
by  some  exceptional  power  of  dealing  with 
history  in  biography.  But,  unfortunately, 
one  misses  these  high  essentials,  and  finds  in- 
stead average  ability,  unsparing  toil,  and 
meticulous  scholarship.  However,  we  are  glad 
to  accord  most  unstinted  praise  to  one  noble 
quality, —  an  absolute  honesty  of  purpose 
that  shines  from  every  page.  There  is  a  care- 
fully arranged  bibliography,  followed  by  an 
index.  

That  quality  of  lyric  poetry 
observations  of  which  lies  in  the  unquestioning 

a  flat-dweller.  .          ,•*..•,  j        • 

assumption  that  the  reader  is  as 
much  interested  in  the  poet's  private  affairs 
as  the  poet  himself,  reveals  itself  quite  en- 
gagingly on  every  page  of  Mr.  Simeon 
Strunsky's  "Belshazzar  Court"  (Holt),  the 
supposed  account  of  the  family  affairs  and 
certain  other  intimate  concerns  of  a  young 
married  couple  and  their  two  children  in  their 


1915] 


23 


life  on  the  third  floor  of  a  mammoth  apart- 
ment house  in  the  far  up-town  regions  of 
New  York.  As  in  Mr.  Edward  S.  Martin's 
"Reflections  of  a  Beginning  Husband,"  which 
the  book  strongly  resembles  in  some  of  its 
features,  it  is  the  young  head  of  the  family 
who  acts  as  scribe,  and  who  realistically  pic- 
tures the  pleasures  and  a  few  of  the  vexations 
of  domestic  life  in  a  household  just  a  little  less 
prosperous,  pecuniarily,  than  its  tastes,  its 
refinement,  its  ideals,  might  have  rendered 
desirable.  The  entrance  hall  of  Belshazzar 
Court  has  handsome  electroliers  in  imitation 
cut  glass,  a  magnificent  marble  fireplace  in 
which  the  effect  of  a  wood  fire  is  simulated  by 
electric  bulbs  under  a  sheet  of  red  isinglass, 
while  the  heat  is  furnished  by  a  steam  radiator 
close  by,  and  the  floor  has  two  large  Oriental 
rugs  of  American  manufacture.  What  the 
humorously  communicative  young  father  has 
to  say  about  his  irrepressible  son  Harold  and 
the  latter 's  baby  sister,  about  his  wife  Emme- 
line,  and,  not  least  of  all,  about  himself,  his 
interests  and  diversions,  his  views  of  things 
metropolitan  and  cosmopolitan  and  miscella- 
neous, will  be  found  entertainingly  set  forth 
in  the  eight  discursive  chapters  of  the  book, 
which,  it  will  be  discovered  by  magazine  read- 
ers, is  not  an  entirely  new  production,  though 
none  the  worse  for  that  fact.  Mr.  Strunsky  has 
in  the  last  few  years  made  a  name  for  him- 
self as  a  humorist  of  decidedly  original  qual- 
ity, and  "Belshazzar  Court"  sustains  this 
reputation.  

Mr.  M.  L.  Spencer's  "Practical 
English  Punctuation"  contains 
much  more  matter  than  its  title 
implies;  it  is  really  a  compendium  of  direc- 
tions for  the  preparation  of  almost  any  kind 
of  manuscript.  It  has  no  discussion  of  the 
principles  of  punctuation,  and  presents  noth- 
ing new  in  organization  or  arrangement;  for 
the  sake  of  brevity  the  directions  are  usually 
given  as  dogmatic  rules.  The  basis  of  these 
rules  is  the  practice  of  the  more  conservative 
magazines  and  the  more  careful  writers  of  the 
present  day,  and  wherever  usage  varies,  what 
appears  to  be  the  preferred  practice  is  indi- 
cated. Of  course  the  first  edition  of  such  a 
compendium  provokes  some  adverse  criticism. 
The  specimen  sheet  of  corrected  proof  with 
the  accompanying  explanation  is  not  so  ser- 
viceable as  it  should  have  been  made,  some  of 
the  statements  are  very  awkwardly  phrased 
or  are  capable  of  misinterpretation,  and  occa- 
sionally the  rules  are  too  broadly  stated.  But 
such  defects  are  not  numerous.  The  rules  are 
generally  sound  and  clearly  illustrated,  the 
material  is  made  readily  accessible  through  a 


fine  index,  the  presswork  is  very  satisfactory, 
and  typographical  errors  are  notably  absent. 
The  volume  should  largely  realize  the  hope 
expressed  in  the  Preface  that  it  "may  be 
found  to  be  a  compact,  convenient,  and  rea- 
sonably full  compendium  of  rules  for  the 
guidance  of  all  persons  who  have  need  to 
write. ' '  ( Menasha,  Wisconsin :  The  Collegiate 
Press. )  

Mr.  Walter  A.  Mursell  knew 
TZSSBSE  himself  at  the  age  of  ten  to  be 

a  book-lover,  and  at  twelve  be- 
gan to  be  a  book-buyer,  taking  delight  in 
browsing  about  old  bookshops.  To  him  "they 
are  what  form  and  outline  and  color  are  to  the 
artist,  what  beauty  is  to  the  poet,  what 
springtime  is  to  the  lover,  what  summer 
meadows  are  to  the  child. ' '  That  such  a  person 
should  write  well  about  books  is  no  cause  for 
surprise.  "Byways  in  Bookland"  (Hough- 
ton)  consists  of  a  series  of  "confessions  and 
digressions,"  informal  and  intimate  and  alto- 
gether delightful.  In  a  chatty,  autobiograph- 
ical fashion  Mr.  Mursell  tells  us  of  the  birth 
of  a  book-lover,  his  first  footsteps  in  bookland, 
the  comradeship  of  books,  the  green  pastures 
and  still  waters  of  bookland,  its  valley  of  twi- 
light, the  spurs  of  Parnassus,  a  brown  study, 
a  recent  byway,  and,  finally,  emerging  from 
byways,  he  pays  tribute  to  two  great  writers 
who  hold  first  place  in  his  heart, —  Dickens 
and  Stevenson.  After  a  page  of  almost  ex- 
travagant eulogy  of  Mr.  Ambrose  Bierce,  and 
more  especially  of  his  book,  "In  the  Midst  of 
Life,"  he  shows  his  imperfect  acquaintance 
with  that  author  by  saying,  ' '  I  believe  this  is 
his  solitary  book :  at  any  rate,  on  this  side  the 
Atlantic."  One  might  object  to  his  spelling 
in  the  chapter  where  he  glows  with  enthusi- 
asm for  "The  Arabian  Nights"  and  writes  of 
"Sinbad"  and  "  Scheherezade. "  Mr.  Mur- 
sell's  "confessions  and  digressions"  are  all 
excellent,  largely  because  they  are  sincere  and 
unpretentious,  and  are  written,  not  to  make 
a  book,  but  because  the  mere  writing  is  a 
pleasure.  


A  thoughtful 
discussion  of 
poverty. 


"Now,  in  our  own  day,  the 
conquest  of  poverty  looms  up  as 
an  economic  possibility,  defi- 
nitely within  reach  —  if  only  society  desire  it 
sufficiently  and  will  pay  enough  to  achieve 
it."  Such  are  the  heartening  words  that 
close  the  tiny  volume,  ' '  The  Abolition  of  Pov- 
erty" (Hough ton),  wherein  Professor  Hollan- 
der of  Johns  Hopkins  University  treats  the 
problem  that  he  regards  as  the  heart  and 
centre  of  social  disturbance.  He  believes  that 
poverty  is  needless,  and  this  hopeful  tenet 


24 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan. 1 


brightens  a  sane  and  succinct  discussion  of 
such  topics  as  ' '  The  Distribution  of  Income, ' ' 
"The  Rate  of  Wages,"  "The  Underpaid," 
and  "The  Unemployable."  On  the  whole 
our  economist  is  "unwilling  save  as  a  last 
resort  to  venture  upon  the  uncharted  sea  of 
socialism,"  and  seeks  a  solution  of  the  prob- 
lem in  constructive  social  regulation.  Here- 
with he  proposes  to  "retain  the  competitive 
system  of  industry,  both  as  to  production  and 
distribution,  but  to  impose  thereon,  by  re- 
straint of  law  and  by  pressure  of  public  opin- 
ion, such  limitation  and  control  as  experience 
demonstrates  to  be  necessary  for  the  largest 
social  interest."  However,  the  academic 
socialist,  at  least,  need  worry  but  little  over 
this  formal  repudiation;  for  our  author 
really  believes  in  drastic  measures,  and  with 
reasoned  warmth  expresses  approval  of  not  a 
few  specific  remedies  that  would  have  been 
decried  as  the  rankest  of  socialism  only  a 
decade  or  two  ago.  If  you  get  old-age  pen- 
sions, a  minimum  wage,  insurance  against 
unemployment,  and  half  a  score  other  amen- 
datory measures,  and  if  these  operate  success- 
fully along  with  state  postal  systems,  state 
telegraphs  and  telephones,  state  canals,  state 
education,  and  what  not,  it  will  rapidly  become 
less  difficult  to  look  upon  the  ever  chang- 
ing proposals  of  socialistic  thinkers  with  fear- 
less eyes.  In  any  event,  such  books  as  the 
modest  study  before  us  deserve  the  warmest 
welcome.  In  fact,  we  are  even  prepared  to 
hope  that  some  day  "The  Abolition  of  Pov- 
erty" will  be  available  at  about  a  third  of  the 
present  price,  although  this  is  by  no  means 
unreasonable. 


A  brief  survey      "Elizabethan     Literature"     by 
of  the  Mr.   J.   M.   Robertson   has  just 

been  added  to  the  "Home  Uni- 
versity Library, ' '  published  by  Messrs.  Henry 
Holt  &  Co.  It  presents  logically  and  as  com- 
prehensively as  the  two  hundred  and  fifty 
pages  will  permit  the  multiform  activities  of 
the  age.  Mr.  Robertson  has  a  first-hand  ac- 
quaintance with  Elizabethan  writers.  Apart 
from  Middleton,  whom  he  barely  mentions 
among  the  later  dramatists,  he  slights  none  of 
them;  and  he  gives  much  space,  too  much 
perhaps,  to  the  smaller  fry.  In  a  work  of 
this  kind,  do  Phaer,  Twine,  Fleming,  and 
Stanyhurst,  those  wretched  translators  of 
Virgil,  deserve  attention?  Will  not  Surrey 
suffice  for  the  man  whose  university  is  at 
home?  In  matters  of  opinion  Mr.  Robertson 
is  nearly  always  safe  and  usually  forceful. 
He  argues  vigorously,  for  example,  that  "the 
vital  divergence"  between  English  and 
French  drama  is  not  "an  expression  of  the 


divergent  minds  or  temperaments  of  the  two 
nations";  but  that  "the  very  freedom  of 
action  in  the  French  popular  drama,  trans- 
gressing all  bounds  of  decency,  .  .  .  made 
possible  the  reaction  to  strict  classicism." 
Sometimes  Mr.  Robertson  is  incautious  in 
statement,  however,  as  when  he  says  that 
Marlowe  ' '  was  more  than  audacious  in  his 
free  thinking,"  and  that  Lyly  "showed  the 
way"  in  delicate  lyrics.  And  when  in  his 
bibliographical  note  he  refers  to  the  "careful 
texts"  of  the  Globe  and  Craig  editions,  but 
ignores  the  Neilson  edition,  we  wonder 
whether  he  is  really  unaware  of  so  notable  an 
achievement  of  American  scholarship. 


Under  the  title  "The  Life  of  a 
?ndaiit£ardemic  Little  College"  (Houghton), 

Professor  Archibald  MacMechan 
has  collected  a  number  of  papers  dealing 
with  such  themes  as,  "Little  College  Girls," 
"The  Vanity  of  Travel,"  "Tennyson  as 
Artist,"  "Child  of  the  Ballads,"  "Every- 
body's Alice,"  and  "Virgil."  All  of  the 
essays  are  pleasing  for  their  reflection  of  a 
well  stocked  mind  and  amiable  personality, 
as  well  as  for  their  well  ordered  English, 
which  a  college  instructor  would  characterize 
as  having  an  agreeable  literary  flavor  with  no 
disturbing  smack  of  pedantry.  Probably  the 
most  valuable  chapter  bears  the  caption 
"Evangeline  and  the  Real  Acadians";  al- 
though old  Toronto  men  will  enjoy  the  pic- 
ture of  the  unique  bedel,  McKim,  and  the 
full-hearted  eulogy  of  Professor  Young  in 
"This  is  Our  Master."  To  one  who  remem- 
bers the  less  mature  views  of  Professor 
MacMechan  on  the  worthlessness  of  classical 
studies,  it  is  joyous  to  read  his  graceful 
palinode  in  the  closing  pages.  Most  of  the 
papers  have  appeared  before,  and  we  have 
enjoyed  many  of  them  as  they  are  now  pre- 
sented ;  but  it  would  be  too  much  to  say  that 
there  is  enough  matter  of  exceptional  value  or 
profundity  in  the  individual  essays  to  com- 
pensate for  their  lack  of  unity  and  make  them 
widely  acceptable  to  the  reading  public  in 
their  collected  form. 


A  new  collection  of  essays  by 
Literary  talk*  by  professor  William  Lyon  Phelps 

rrojessor  1  neips.    .         ,  rn^        . 

is  always  welcome.  The  latest 
one,  "Essays  on  Books"  (Macmillan),  though 
perhaps  less  solid  than  some  of  its  predeces- 
sors, makes  quite  as  pleasant  reading.  The 
opening  chapter,  "Realism  and  Reality  in 
Fiction,"  enforces  with  apt  concrete  illustra- 
tion a  distinction  that  ought  to  be,  but  is  not, 
a  literary  platitude ;  realism  represents  a  frac- 
tion of  life,  reality  represents  life  as  a  whole. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


25 


All  of  the  dozen  essays  that  follow  have  to  do 
with  single  writers,  six  English  writers,  two 
American,  four  German.  The  most  preten- 
tious are  those  on  Richardson  and  Jane  Aus- 
ten; the  slightest  are  those  on  Whittier  and 
Paul  Heyse.  Almost  all  of  the  essays  may  be 
termed  insubstantial  but  highly  agreeable. 
One  of  the  most  agreeable  is  that  entitled 
"Conversations  with  Paul  Heyse,"  in  which 
Heyse  is  recorded  as  saying  that  he  "read 
with  the  most  conscientious  attention  every 
word  of  '  Huckleberry  Finn. '  I  never  laughed 
once.  I  found  absolutely  not  a  funny  thing 
in  the  book." 


BRIEFER  MENTION. 


The  second  volume  of  the  new  edition  of  George 
Chapman's  plays  and  poems,  published  by  Messrs. 
Button  in  the  "Library  of  Scholarship  and  Let- 
ters" series,  contains  eleven  comedies,  of  which 
three  are  not  included  in  the  edition  of  1873  and 
one,  "  Sir  Gyles  Goosecap,"  originally  published 
anonymously,  has  never  before  appeared  under 
Chapman's  name.  The  editor,  Dr.  Thomas  Marc 
Parrott,  has  edited  the  text  with  great  care,  and 
furnishes  elaborate  notes  and  cross-references,  the 
latter  being  particularly  valuable  in  determining 
disputed  or  anonymous  authorship  of  the  comedies 
in  question. 

Mr.  John  Cowper  Powys  has  written  "  The  War 
and  Culture :  A  Reply  to  Professor  Miinsterberg," 
(Valhalla,  N.  Y. :  G.  Arnold  Shaw)  for  the  purpose 
of  pointing  out  the  essential  differences  in  the  ideas 
behind  the  great  war,  rightly  considering  these 
fundamental  in  any  consideration  of  the  struggle. 
Germany  embodies  itself  in  the  conception  of  a 
state  machine,  the  Allies  in  that  of  human  liberty 
and  the  freedom  of  little  states.  Behind  the 
English-speaking  nations  stands  also  the  idea  of 
law,  not  to  be  lightly  cast  aside  lest  all  civilization 
be  imperilled.  One  extended  chapter,  which  deals 
with  "  German  vs.  Russian  Culture,"  is  especially 
enlightening. 

Unrevised  for  twenty-three  years  and  passing 
through  nine  editions,  Bartlett's  "  Familiar  Quo- 
tations: A  Collection  of  Passages,  Phrases,  and 
Proverbs  Traced  to  Their  Sources  in  Ancient  and 
Modern  Literature "  has  become  accepted  as  the 
standard  reference  book  of  its  kind.  Now,  nine 
years  after  the  compiler's  death,  a  tenth  edition, 
revised  and  enlarged  by  Mr.  Nathan  Haskell  Dole, 
has  been  issued  from  the  press  of  Messrs.  Little, 
Brown  &  Co.  About  three  hundred  additional 
pages  are  included;  selections  from  Matthew 
Arnold,  Keats,  and  many  others  are  judiciously 
amplified  by  twice  the  original  space;  names  like 
Ibsen,  Tolstoi,  Nietzsche,  Maeterlinck,  Rostand,  or 
George  Meredith  (names  that,  naturally  enough, 
are  unfamiliar  in  the  original  edition)  here  appear. 
A  revision,  bringing  the  work  to  date,  was  essen- 
tial, and  Mr.  Dole's  faithful  effort  to  preserve  the 
spirit  of  the  original  will  ensure  for  his  compila- 
tion a  warm  welcome  from  those  who  are  familiar 
with  the  work  of  Bartlett. 


XOTES. 


Mr.  Enos  A.  Mills  is  the  author  of  "  The  Rocky 
Mountain  Wonderland,"  which  Messrs.  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co.  announce. 

Sir  James  Barrie's  new  play  "  Der  Tag,"  which 
was  produced  in  London  December  21,  1914,  is 
announced  as  immediately  forthcoming  by  Messrs. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

"  The  Second  Blooming,"  by  Mr.  W.  L.  George, 
"The  Turbulent  Duchess,"  by  Mr.  Percy  J.  Breb- 
ner,  and  "Mr.  Grex  of  Monte  Carlo,"  by  Mr.  E. 
Phillips  Oppenheim,  are  three  novels  which  Messrs. 
Little,  Brown  &  Co.  announce  for  publication  next 
week. 

Dr.  Harvey  M.  Wiley's  new  book,  "  The  Lure  of 
the  Land,"  will  be  published  early  in  the  year  by 
the  Century  Co.  This  company  also  announces  a 
book  on  "  Child  Training,"  by  Mr.  V.  M.  Hillyer, 
head  master  of  the  Calvert  School,  Baltimore,  and 
Mr.  Harvey  J.  O'Higgins's  "  Detective  Barney." 

A  series  entitled  "  The  American  Books," 
which  will  deal  with  contemporary  American  prob- 
lems, is  announced  by  Messrs.  Doubleday,  Page  & 
Co.  Among  the  titles  soon  to  be  issued  are  "  The 
University  Movement,"  by  Dr.  Ira  Remsen ;  "  The 
American  Indian,"  by  Mr.  Charles  A.  Eastman; 
"A  History  of  American  Literature,"  by  Profes- 
sor Leon  Kellner;  "  The  Cost  of  Living,"  by  Mr. 
Fabian  Franklin ;  "  Socialism  in  America,"  by 
Mr.  John  Macy ;  "  The  Drama  in  America,"  by 
Mr.  Clayton  Hamilton ;  "  The  American  College," 
by  Mr.  Isaac  Sharpless;  "The  American  School," 
by  Mr.  Walter  S.  Hinchman,  and  "  The  American 
Navy,"  by  Rear  Admiral  French  E.  Chadwick. 


Madison  Cawein,  who  died  December  14,  1914r 
at  the  age  of  forty-nine,  was  a  poet  richly  endowed 
with  the  gift  of  interpreting  nature  in  verse.  The 
aspects  of  nature  presented  in  his  verse  were 
those  of  his  native  State  of  Kentucky,  where  he 
lived  all  his  life.  Exuberantly  productive  from 
his  early  manhood  to  the  time  of  his  premature 
death,  Cawein  published  more  than  a  score  of 
books  of  verses.  Eight  years  ago  a  complete  edi- 
tion of  his  poems,  which  was  published  with  an 
Introduction  by  Mr.  Edmund  Gosse,  required  five 
substantial  volumes.  Since  then  the  additions  to 
his  poetic  produce  have  been  considerable.  A  se- 
lection of  his  poems  with  a  sympathetic  Preface 
by  Mr.  William  Dean  Howells  was  recently  pub- 
lished. 

In  the  recent  death  of  Professor  B.  M.  Meyer 
of  the  University  of  Berlin,  literary  scholarship 
lost  one  of  its  most  brilliant  exponents.  He  began 
his  career  in  1886  by  a  study  in  comparative  lit- 
erature :  "  Swift  und  Lichtenberg."  In  the  same 
year  appeared  his  "  Grundlagen  des  Mittelhoch- 
deutschen  Strophenbaus,"  and  three  years  later 
"Altgermanische  Poesie."  From  the  study  of  the 
older  period  he  now  turned  to  modern  times,  pub- 
lishing in  1896  his  famous  Goethe  biography  which 
established  him  in  the  front  rank  of  historians  of 
modern  German  letters.  A  collection  of  essays, 
"  Deutsche  Charaktere,"  proved  merely  a  prelude 


26 


THE    DIAL, 


[Jan. 1 


to  what  was  perhaps  the  most  important  of 
Meyer's  works :  "  Die  deutsche  Literatur  des 
neunzehnten  Jahrhunderts." 

John  Muir,  who  died  December  24  at  Los  Ange- 
les, was  a  geologist,  naturalist,  and  explorer  whose 
personality  endeared  him  to  a  large  circle  of 
friends,  as  well  as  to  the  many  who  knew  him  only 
through  his  books.  He  was  born  at  Dunbar,  Scot- 
land, April  21,  1838,  and  came  to  America  with 
his  parents  in  1850,  to  settle  in  the  Wisconsin 
wilderness  near  the  Fox  River.  Muir's  first 
botanical  and  geological  excursions  were  made  in 
the  Great  Lakes  region,  in  Wisconsin,  Indiana, 
Michigan,  and  Canada.  His  first  trip  to  Califor- 
nia, where  he  arrived  in  April,  1868,  was  made  by 
way  of  Cuba  and  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  There- 
after he  devoted  himself  chiefly  to  a  study  of  the 
Sierras,  though  he  made  more  than  one  journey 
into  arctic  regions,  and  discovered  in  Alaska  the 
great  glacier  which  bears  his  name.  Muir  worked 
hard  for  forest  preservation  and  it  was  largely  as 
a  result  of  his  writings  that  the  present  national 
parks  and  reserves  were  established.  Among  his 
books  are  "  The  Mountains  of  California,"  "  Our 
National  Parks,"  "  The  Yosemite,"  and,  of  especial 
interest,  his  autobiographical  chapters  published 
under  the  title  of  "  The  Story  of  My  Boyhood  and 
Youth."  ^====_====__ 

TOPICS  ra  LEADING  PERIODICALS. 

January,  1915. 

Action,  Training  for.  H.  W.  Farwell Pop.  Sc. 

Albert,  King,  of  Belgium.  Granville  Fortescue  Metropolitan 
America  —  On  Guard  !  Theodore  Roosevelt  .  .  Everybody's 
America's  Achievement  —  Europe's  Failure.  J.  A. 

Macdonald Rev.  of  Rev. 

America's  Future  Position.  Joseph  H.  Choate  Rev.  of  Rev. 
Antwerp,  The  Fall  of.  E.  E.  Hunt  ....  Metropolitan 
Antwerp,  The  Taking  of.  E.  A.  Powell  ....  Scribner 
Balkans,  The,  and  Peace.  A.  W.  Spencer  Am.  Pol.  Sc.  Rev. 
Belgian  vs.  German  Efficiency.  Emil  Vander- 

velde Metropolitan 

Belgians,  Helping  the.  J.  M.  Oskison  .  .  .  World's  Work 

Belgians,  Literature  of  the.  C.  C.  Clarke Yale 

Belgium,  Impressions  of.  N.  M.  Hopkins  .  World's  Work 
Belgium,  Last  Ditch  in.  Arno  Dosch  .  .  .  World's  Work 
Botanical  Station,  The  Cinchona.  D.  S.  Johnson  .  Pop.  Sc. 
Brumbaugh,  Governor,  of  Pennsylvania.  E.  P. 

Oberholtzer Rev.  of  Rev. 

Capitalization  versus  Productivity.  F.  A. 

Fetter Am.  Econ.  Rev. 

Censorship,  Our  Prudish.  Theodore  Schroeder  .  .  Forum 
China,  The  Parliament  of.  F.  J.  Goodnow  Am.  Pol.  Sc.  Rev. 
City  Manager  Plan,  The.  H.  G.  James  .  Am.  Pol.  Sc.  Rev. 

College  and  Society Unpopular 

Dancing  Mania,  The Unpopular 

Darwinism,  Ethnic Unpopular 

Defence,  National.  Harrington  Emerson  .  .  Rev.  of  Rev. 
Delcasse,  Theophile.  W.  M.  Fullerton  .  .  .  World's  Work 

Delusions.  S.  I.  Franz Pop.  Sc. 

Democracy,  Academic  Superstition  and.  Florence  V. 

Keys Yale 

Democratic  Party,  Decline  of  the.  E.  E. 

Robinson Am.  Jour.  Soc. 

Diplomatic  Service,  Our.  David  J.  Hill  ....  Harper 
Disarmament,  International.  Arturo  Labriola  .  .  Forum 

Divorce  Laws,  Our  Chaotic Unpopular 

Dollar,  A  Compensated.  Irving  Fisher  .  .  Am.  Econ.  Rev. 
Drama,  Our  "  Commercial."  William  C.  de  Mille  .  .  Yale 

Dramatic  Art.  Thomas  H.  Dickinson Forum 

Dramatic  Mob,  Parables  of  the Unpopular 

Ductless  Glands.  Fielding  H.  Garrison  ....  Pop.  Sc. 

Educated  Man,  The  Passing  of  the Unpopular 

Education,  The  Nation's  Adventures  in  ...  Unpopular 
England,  France,  Russia,  Germany  —  What  You 

and  I  Owe  to  Them.  William  Hard  .  .  .  Everybody's 

Escapes.  Arthur  C.  Benson Century 

Europe's  Dynastic  Slaughter  House.  W.  J.  Roe  .  Pop.  Sc. 

Expansionist  Fallacy,  The Unpopular 

Experimentation,  Animal  —  What  It  Has  Done  for 

Children.      H.    D.    Chapin Pop.  Sc. 


Feminism  and  Socialism     .........     Unpopular 

French,  Soul  of  the.     Samuel  P.  Orth     .....     Century 

Front,  My  Day  at  the.     Henry  Beach  Needham     Everybody's 
Geological  Methods  in  Earlier  Days.     J.  J.  Stevenson     Pop.  Sc. 
German   Economics   and  the  War.     H.   C.   Emery     .     .     Yale 
German  Point  of  View,  The.     J.  H.  Robinson     .     .     Century 
Germany,  In.    Frederick  Palmer     ......     Everybody's 

Germany  and  Islam.    Ameen  Rihani     ....     World's  Work 

Good  Feeling,  A  New   Era  of.     L.  Ames  Brown     .     Atlantic 
Harbor  Voyages  around  New  York.   W.  M.  Thompson    Harper 
Hawthorne,   Fifty  Years  of.     Henry  A.   Beers     .     .     .     Yale 
Hoof  and  Mouth  Plague,  The.   R.  W.  Child    .     .     Metropolitan 
Hunt,  W.  M.,  Works  of.     Philip  L.  Hale     ....     Scribner 

Irish  Literary  Movement,  The.  Padraic  Colum  .  .  Forum 
Japan,  Our  Relations  with.  J.  H.  Latane  Am.  Pol.  Sc.  Rev. 
Lithuanians  in  Chicago.  Elizabeth  Hughes  Am.  Jour.  Soc. 
"  Movies,"  Class-Consciousness  and  the.  W.  P. 

Eaton       ...............     Atlantic 

Municipal  Affairs,  Current.     Alice  M. 

Holden    ............     Am.  Pol.  Sc.  Rev. 

Nature,  From  the  Book  of.    W.  K.  Stone  and 

C.  L.  Bull     ..............     Century 

Naval  Conflicts,   The.     J.  M.   Oskison     .     .     .     World's  Work 
Nietzsche  in  Action     ...........     Unpopular 

Nikolas,   Grand   Duke.      Basil   Miles     ....     World's  Work 

Panama,   South  of  —  III.     Edward  A.   Ross     . 

Papua:    Cannibal    Country.      Norman    Duncan 

Paris  in  Wartime.     Estelle  Loomis 

Paris  in  War  Times.     Mary  K.  Waddington     . 

Pasha,  Enver,  of  Turkey.     A.  R.  Bey     .     .     . 

Peace,   Democracy   and.     Elihu   Root     ... 

Profession,  The  Choice  of  a.     Robert  L.  Stevenson     Scribner 

Progress  —  What  It  Is     ..........     Unpopular 

Psychical   Research  —  II  ..........     Unpopular 

Public  Service  Commissions.  C.  S.  Duncan  .  .  .  Forum 
Reform,  America  and.  Walter  Lippmann  .  .  Metropolitan 

Syo.     New  York:    Graphic  Text  Book  Co.     Paper. 
Religion  and  the  Schools.     Washington  Gladden 
Rheims  during  the  Bombardment.     R.  H.  Davis 
Russia  and  the  Open  Sea.     E.  D.  Schoonmaker     . 
Russia's  Armies,  Leaders  of.     Charles  Johnston    Rev.  of  Rev. 
Russian  History,  Geography  in.     William  E. 

Lingelbach    ..............     Pop.  Sc. 

Russian    Problem,    The.      P.    Vinogradoff     .....     Yale 

Sanitation,  World,  and  the  Panama  Canal.     R.  P. 

Strong  .................     Yale 

Shakespeare,  Worst  Edition  of.     C.  S.   Brooks     .     .     .     Yale 
Shaw,  Anna  Howard,  Autobiography  of  —  III.     Metropolitan 
Slavonic  Ideals.     C.  G.  Shaw     .........     Forum 

Socialism  and  War  —  II.  Morris  Hillquit  .  .  Metropolitan 
Sociology,  Scientific  Method  in.  F.  S.  Chapin  Am.  Jour.  Soc. 
Southey  as  Poet  and  Historian.  T.  R.  Lounsbury  .  .  Yale 
State,  An  Endowment  for  the.  Alvin  S.  Johnson  .  Atlantic 
Trade  Commission  Act,  The.  W.  H.  S. 

Stevens      ............     Am.  Econ.  Rev. 

Transportation  Companies.  H.  G.  Brown  .  Am.  Econ.  Rev. 
Treitschke,  Political  Teachings  of.  A.  T.  Hadley  .  .  Yale 
Tsingtau,  The  Sequel  to  Port  Arthur.  Gustavus 

Ohlinger  ...............     Atlantic 

Turkey  and  the  War.     Roland  G.  Usher     .     .     World's  Work 
Turkish  Army,   The.     George  Marvin     .     .     .     World's  Work 
Unemployed,    Problem    of    the     .......     Unpopular 

Variability  of  Sexes  at  Birth,  Comparative.     Helen 

Montague  and  Leta  S.  Hollingworth  .  .  Am.  Jour.  Soc. 
Wages,  Trend  of  Real.  I.  M.  Rubinow  .  .  Am.  Econ.  Rev. 
War,  After  the.  G.  Lowes  Dickinson  .....  Atlantic 
War,  America  and  the.  "  Norman  Angell  "...-.  Yale 
War  and  the  Artist.  R.  F.  Zogbaum  .....  Scribner 
War,  British  Policy  and  the.  H.  W.  Massingham  Atlantic 
War,  Christianity  and.  Agnes  Repplier  ....  Atlantic 
War,  Course  of,  in  December.  Frank  H.  Simonds  Rev.  of  Rev. 
War  of  1914,  The  Peace  of  Ghent  and.  D'Estournelles 

de  Constant    ............     Rev.  of  Rev. 

War,    Philosophy   of   the     .........     Unpopular 

War,  Physical  Geography  of  the.    C.  F.  Talman     Rev.  of  Rev. 
War,  Scientific.    H.  G.  Wells     .......     Metropolitan 

War,  The  Press  as  Affected  by.  O.  G.  Villard  Rev.  of  Rev. 
War  —  "  Thou  Shalt  not  Kill."  W.  M.  Collier  .  .  Forum 
Weather,  Work  and.  Ellsworth  Huntington  .  .  .  Harper 
Working-man,  The.  Hayes  Robbins  .  .  .  Am.  Jour.  Soc. 


Century 
.     .     Harper 
Century 
.     .     Scribner 
World's  Work 
Rev.  of  Rev. 


Atlantic 
Scribner 
Century 


LIST  OF 


BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  114  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY    AND    REMINISCENCES. 

fimile  Verhaeren.  By  Stefan  Zweig.  With  photo- 
gravure portrait,  Svo,  274  pages.  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co.  $2.  net. 

Life  of  Sir  John  Lubbock,  Lord  Avebury.  By  Hor- 
ace G.  Hutchinson.  In  2  volumes;  illustrated 
in  photogravure,  Svo.  Macmillan  Co.  $9.  net. 

The  Life  of  Thomas  B.  Reed.  By  Samuel  W.  Mc- 
Call.  Illustrated  in  photogravure,  etc.,  Svo,  303 
pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $3.  net. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


27 


GENERAL  LITERATURE. 
Letters  of  Fyodor  Mlchailovitch  Dostoevsky  to  His 

Family  and  Friends.  Translated  by  Ethel  Col- 
burn  Mayne.  With  portrait,  8vo,  344  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  $2.  net. 

The  New  Movement  in  the  Theatre.  By  Sheldon 
Cheney.  Illustrated,  large  Svo,  303  pages.  Mit- 
chell Kennerley.  $2.  net. 

The  Relations  of  Shirley's  Plays  to  the  Elizabethan 
Drama.  By  Robert  Stanley  Forsythe,  Ph.D.  8vo, 
483  pages.  Columbia  University  Press.  $2.  net. 

The  Oxford  Book  of  American  Essays.  Chosen  by 
Brander  Matthews.  12mo,  508  pages.  Oxford 
University  Press.  $1.25  net. 

The  Phases  of  Criticism:  Historical  and  Aesthetic. 
By  George  Edward  Woodberry.  Svo,  70  pages. 
Published  for  the  Woodberry  Society. 

The  Triple  Ply  of  Life,  and  Other  Essays.  By 
Minnie  B.  Theobald.  12mo,  207  pages.  Mac- 
millan Co.  $1.25  net. 

DRAMA  AND   VERSE. 
Four  Plays  of  the  Free  Theater.     Translated,  with 

Introduction,    by    Barrett    H.    Clark.      12mo,    257 

pages.     Stewart  &  Kidd  Co.     $1.50  net. 
Children    of    Love.      By    Harold    Monro.      12mo,    31 

pages.     London:     The  Poetry  Bookshop.     Paper. 
Singsong's  of  the  War.     By  Maurice  Hewlett.     16mo, 

23     pages.       London:        The     Poetry     Bookshop. 

Paper. 
Remember  Loiivain!     A  Little  Book  of  Liberty  and 

War.     Selected  by  E.  V.  Lucas.     16mo,  86  pages. 

Macmillan  Co.     Paper,  40  cts.  net. 
Oxford  Garlands.     Selected  by  R.  M.  Leonard.     New 

volumes:      Poems     on     Life;      Echoes     from     the 

Classics;    each  16mo.     Oxford  University  Press. 
The  Wayside  Shrine,  and  Other  Poems.     By  Martha 

Elvira  Pettus.     With   portrait,   12mo,  154  pages. 

Sherman,  French  &  Co.     $1.  net. 
Phantasies.      By    Nanna    Matthews    Bryant.      18mo, 

93   pages.     Richard  G.  Badger. 
Americans:     One  Hundred  Poems  of  Progress.     By 

John  Curtis  Underwood.     12mo,  153  pages.     New 

York:     Published  by  the  author.     $1.  net. 

FICTION. 

Sinister  Street.  By  Compton  Mackenzie.  12mo,  658 
pages.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

The  Second  Blooming:.  By  W.  L.  George.  12mo, 
438  pages.  Little,  Brown  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

First  Cousin  to  a  Dream.  By  Cyril  Harcourt.  12mo, 
312  pages.  John  Lane  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Comrade  of  Navarre:  A  Tale  of  the  Hugue- 
nots. By  Harriet  Malone  Hobson.  With  frontis- 
piece, 12mo,  280  pages.  Griffith  &  Rowland 
Press.  $1.25  net. 

Life  in  a  Garrison  Town:  The  Military  Novel.  Sup- 
pressed by  the  German  Government.  By  Lieu- 
tenant Bilse.  12mo,  301  pages.  John  Lane  Co. 
$1.  net. 

The  Days  of  the  Swamp  Angel.  By  Mary  Hall 
Leonard.  12mo,  326  pages.  Neale  Publishing 
Co.  $1.20  net. 

My  Husband  Still:  A  Working  Woman's  Story.  By 
Helen  Hamilton;  with  Foreword  by  John  Gals- 
worthy. 12mo,  303  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

TRAVEL   AND   DESCRIPTION. 
The    Grand    Tour    in    the    Eighteenth    Century.      By 

William  Edward  Mead.  Illustrated,  Svo,  479 
pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $4.  net. 

A  Wanderer  In  Venice.  By  E.  V.  Lucas.  Illustrated 
in  color,  etc.,  12mo,  322  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$1.75  net. 

Northern  Patagonia:  Character  and  Resources. 
Prepared  under  the  direction  of  the  Ministry  of 
Public  Works.  Illustrated  in  photogravure,  etc., 
with  maps  in  separate  volume;  large  8vo. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $8.  net. 

The  East  I  Know.  By  Paul  Claudel.  Translated  by 
Teresa  Frances  and  William  Rose  Ben6t.  12mo, 
197  pages.  Yale  University  Press.  $1.25  net. 

Yosemite  and  Its  High  Sierra.  By  John  H.  Wil- 
liams. Illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  large  Svo,  147 
pages.  "Library  edition."  Tacoma:  Published 
by  the  author.  $1.50  net. 

SOCIOLOGY  AND   ECONOMICS. 

The  Political  and  Economic  Doctrines  of  John  Mar- 
shall. By  John  Edward  Oster,  LL.B.  With  por- 
trait, large  Svo,  369  pages.  Neale  Publishing 
Co.  $3.  net. 

Care  and  Education  of  Crippled  Children  in  the 
United  States.  By  Edith  Reeves;  with  Intro- 
duction by  Hastings  H.  Hart,  LL.D.  Illustrated, 
Svo,  252  pages.  Survey  Associates,  Inc.  $2.  net. 

The  Police  Control  of  the  Slave  in  South  Carolina. 
By  H.  M.  Henry,  M.A.  Svo,  216  pages.  Pub- 
lished by  the  author.  Paper. 


Working  Girls  in  Evening  Schools:  A  Statistical 
Study.  By  Mary  Van  Kleeck.  Illustrated,  12mo, 
252  pages.  New  York:  Survey  Associates,  Inc. 
$1.50  net. 

Woman  and  "War:  Reprinted  from  "Woman  and 
Labor."  By  Olive  Schreiner.  12mo,  59  pages. 
F.  A.  Stokes  Co.  50  cts.  net. 

The  Economic  Organization  of  England:  An  Out- 
line History.  By  William  James  Ashley.  12mo, 
213  pages.  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.  90  cts.  net. 

BOOKS  ABOUT  THE  WAR. 

With  the  Allies.  By  Richard  Harding  Davis.  Illus- 
trated, Svo,  240  pages.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 
$1.  net. 

The  Evidence  in  the  Case.  By  James  M.  Beck, 
LL.D.  12mo,  200  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 
$1.  net. 

Fighting  in  Flanders.  By  E.  Alexander  Powell, 
F.R.G.S.  Illustrated,  12mo,.231  pages.  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons.  $1.  net. 

Deutschland  tiber  Alles;  or,  Germany  Speaks.  Com- 
piled and  analyzed  by  John  Jay  Chapman.  12mo, 
102  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  75  cts.  net. 

Handbook  of  the  European  War.  Edited  by  Stanley 
S.  Sheip,  with  bibliography  by  Corinne  Bacon. 
With  maps,  12mo,  334  pages.  H.  W.  Wilson 
Co.  $1.  net. 

Oxford  Pamphlets.  Comprising:  The  Navy  and 
the  War,  by  J.  R.  Thursfleld;  Might  Is  Right, 
by  Walter  Raleigh;  To  the  Christian  Scholars 
of  Europe  and  America,  a  reply  from  Oxford 
to  the  German  address  to  Evangelical  Chris- 
tians; The  Value  of  Small  States,  by  H.  A.  L. 
Fisher,  F.B.A.;  Germany  and  "The  Fear  of 
Russia,"  by  Sir  Valentine  Chirol;  How  Can 
War  Ever  Be  Right,  by  Gilbert  Murray;  War 
against  War,  by  A.  D.  Lindsay;  French  Policy 
since  1871,  by  F.  Morgan  and  H.  W.  C.  Davis; 
Serbia  and  the  Serbs,  by  Sir  Valentine  Chirol; 
Nietzsche  and  Treitschke,  by  Ernest  Barker, 
M.A.  Each  16mo.  Oxford  University  Press. 
Paper. 

My  Ideas  and  Ideals:  Words  of  Kaiser  Wilhelm  II. 
12mo,  95  pages.  John  W.  Luce  &  Co.  50  cts.  net. 

The  Cause  of  the  War.  By  Charles  Edward  Jeffer- 
son. 16mo,  64  pages.  Thomas  Y.  Crowell  Co. 
50  cts.  net. 

A  Primer  of  the  "War  for  Americans.  Written  and 
compiled  by  J.  William  White.  Svo,  126  pages. 
John  C.  Winston  Co.  25  cts.  net. 

The  War  Lord:  A  Character  Study  of  Kaiser 
William  II.  Compiled  by  J.  M.  Kennedy.  12mo, 
95  pages.  Duffleld  &  Co.  50  cts.  net. 

SCIENCE  AND   NATURE. 
The  Practical  Book  of  Outdoor  Rose  Growing  for 

the  Home  Garden.  By  George  C.  Thomas,  Jr. 
Illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  large  Svo.  J.  B.  Lippin- 
cott  Co.  $4.  net. 

\Vil«l  Life  Conservation  in  Theory  and  Practice. 
By  William  T.  Hornaday,  Sc.D.;  with  a  chapter 
on  "  Private  Game  Preserves "  by  Frederic  C. 
Walcott.  Illustrated,  Svo,  240  pages.  Yale  Uni- 
versity Press.  $1.50  net. 

The  Fundamentals  of  Plant  Breeding.  By  John  M. 
Coulter,  Ph.D.  Illustrated,  12mo,  347  pages.  D. 
Appleton  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

The  Poet  and  Nature  and  The  Morning  Road.  By 
Madison  Cawein.  12mo,  241  pages.  John  P. 
Morton  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Fraternity  of  the  Fields.  By  Elmer  Willis 
Serl.  12mo,  133  pages.  Neale  Publishing  Co. 
$1.  net. 

RELIGION  AND  THEOLOGY. 

Spiritual  Healing.  By  W.  F.  Cobb,  D.D.  12mo,  312 
pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.60  net. 

The  Truth  of  Christianity.  Compiled  by  W.  H. 
Turton.  Eighth  edition,  revised;  12mo,  636 
pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.25  net. 

Paul's  Doctrine  of  Redemption.  By  Henry  Beach 
Carre,  Ph.D.  12mo,  175  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

The  Harps  of  God  and  the  Chords  -They  Play.  By 
George  Mac  Adam.  Illustrated,  12mo,  82  pages. 
The  Abingdon  Press.  50  cts.  net. 

Josephns.  By  Norman  Bentwich.  Illustrated, 
12mo,  266  pages.  Philadelphia:  Jewish  Publica- 
tion Society  of  America. 

The  Soundless  Sound.  Transcribed  by  Harriet 
Augusta  Curtiss  and  F.  Homer  Curtiss.  16mo, 
34  pages.  Curtiss  Book  Co. 

A  Century's  Change  in  Religion.  By  George  Harris. 
12mo,  267  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Movement  towards  Catholic  Reform  in  the 
Early  Sixteenth  Century.  By  George  V.  Jour- 
dan.  Svo,  336  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $2.50  net. 


28 


THE    DIAL, 


[Jan.  1 


The  Infallibility  of  the  Church.     By  George  Salmon, 

D.D.    8vo,  497  pages.    E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.    $1.25  net. 
The   Bible   and   Modern    Life.      By   Joseph    S.    Auer- 

bach;     with    Foreword    by    the    Right    Rev.    W. 

Boyd    Carpenter.      12mo,    140    pages.      Harper    & 

Brothers.      75  cts.   net. 
Keystones  of  Thought.     By  Austin  O'Malley,  LL.D. 

12mo,  192  pages.     Devin-Adair  Co.     $1.  net. 

BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG. 
Through   the   Nursery  Door.     By   Isabel   McKenzie. 

Illustrated,  8vo,  95  pages.     Neale  Publishing  Co. 

$1.  net. 
A  Treasury  of  Verse  for  Little  Children.     Selected 

by  M.  G.  Edgar,  M.A.     With  frontispiece,   12mo, 

128  pages.     Thomas  Y.  Crowell  Co.     50  cts.  net. 
The    Happy    Nursery    Rhyme    Book.      Compiled    by 

Christopher  Wood.     Illustrated,  12mo,  128  pages. 

Thomas  Y.  Crowell  Co.     50  cts.  net. 
The    Girl    from    Glrton,    and    Other    Stories    about 

Schools.     By  C.   W.   Bardeen.     12mo,   235   pages. 

C.  W.  Bardeen. 

EDUCATION. 

The  Dramatic  Instinct  In  Education.  By  Elnora 
Whitman  Curtis,  Ph.D.;  with  Foreword  by  G. 
Stanley  Hall,  Ph.D.  12mo,  246  pages.  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co.  $1.  net. 

Vocational  and  Moral  Guidance.  By  Jesse  Buttrick 
Davis,  A.M.  12mo,  303  pages.  Ginn  &  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

School  Discipline.  By  William  Chandler  Bagley. 
12mo,  259  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.75  net. 

The  High  School:  Its  Function,  Organization,  and 
Administration.  By  John  Elbert  Stout;  with 
Introduction  by  Lotus  D.  Coffman,  Ph.D.  12mo, 
322  pages.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Child  Training  as  an  Exact  Science.  By  George 
W.  Jacoby,  M.D.  Illustrated,  12mo,  384  pages. 
Funk  &  Wagnalls  Co.  $1.50  net. 

College  Readings  in  English  Prose.  Selected  and 
edited  by  Franklin  William  Scott  and  Jacob 
Zeitlin.  12mo,  653  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$1.  net. 

How  to  Teach  American  History:  A  Handbook  for 
Teachers  and  Students.  By  John  W.  Wayland, 
Ph.D.  12mo,  349  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$1.10  net. 

I>ettres  Persnnes.  By  Montesquieu;  edtied  by 
Robert  Loyalty  Cru.  With  frontispiece,  12mo, 
312  pages.  Oxford  University  Press.  60  cts.  net. 

I. a  Recherche  de  L'Absoln.  By  H.  de  Balzac;  edited 
by  Charles  E.  Young,  Ph.D.  12mo,  304  pages. 
Oxford  University  Press.  60  cts.  net. 

The  German  Language:  Outlines  of  Its  Develop- 
ment. By  Tobias  Diekhoff,  Ph.D.  12mo,  524 
pages.  Oxford  University  Press.  $1.25  net. 

Lectnras  Modernas.  Selected  and  edited  by  Charles 
Alfred  Downer,  Ph.D.,  and  Alfredo  Elias.  With 
frontispiece,  16mo,  193  pages.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co. 
60  cts.  net. 

Le  Philosophe  sans  le  Savior.  By  Michel-Jean 
Sedaine;  edited  by  Thomas  Edward  Oliver,  Ph.D. 
With  portrait,  12mo,  159  pages.  Oxford  Univer- 
sity Press.  60  cts.  net. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  Practical  Book  of  Period  Furniture.  By  Harold 
Donaldson  Eberlein  and  Abbot  McClure.  Illus- 
trated in  color,  etc.,  large  8vo,  371  pages.  J.  B. 
Lippincott  Co.  $5.  net. 

Fear  and  Conventionality.  By  Elsie  Clews  Parsons, 
Ph.D.  8vo,  239  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 
$1.50  net. 

Fundamental  Sources  of  Efficiency.  By  Fletcher 
Durell,  Ph.D.  Large  8vo,  368  pages.  J.  B. 
Lippincott  Co.  $2.50  net. 

Discoveries  and  Inventions  of  the  Twentieth  Cen- 
tury. By  Edward  Cressy.  Illustrated  in  color, 
etc.,  Svo,  398  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 
$2.50  net. 

The  Musical  Faculty:  Its  Origins  and  Processes. 
By  William  Wallace.  Svo,  228  pages.  Macmillan 
Co.  $1.75  net. 

Louis  Clark  Vanuxem  Foundation:  Lectures.  By 
£mile  Boutroux  and  others.  12mo,  144  pages. 
Princeton  University  Press.  $1.  net. 

The  Romance  of  Sorcery.  By  Sax  Rohmer.  Illus- 
trated, large  Svo,  315  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 
$3.50  net. 

The  Modern  Army  in  Action:  An  Exposition  of  the 
Conduct  of  War.  By  John  F.  O'Ryan  and 
W.  D.  A.  Anderson.  Illustrated,  12mo,  338  pages. 
McBride,  Nast  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Negro  Culture  In  West  Africa.  By  George  W. 
Ellis.  Illustrated,  Svo,  290  pages.  Neale  Pub- 
lishing Co.  $2.  net. 


One  Hundred  Songs  of  England.  Edited  by  Gran- 
ville  Bantock.  4to,  204  pages.  "Musicians 
Library."  Oliver  Ditson  Co.  Paper. 

Bouvler's  Law  Dictionary  and  Concise  Encyclo- 
paedia. By  John  Bouvier.  Eighth  edition  (third 
revision);  in  3  volumes,  large  Svo.  Kansas 
City:  Vernon  Law  Book  Co.  $19.50  net. 

The  Educational  Value  of  Museums.  By  Louise 
Connolly;  edited,  with  Introduction,  by  J.  C. 
Dana.  Svo,  73  pages.  Newark  Museum  Asso- 
ciation. Paper. 

Limitation  of  Armament  on  the  Great  Lakes.  Large 
Svo,  57  pages.  Washington:  Carnegie  Endow- 
ment. Paper. 

Two  Hundred  Recipes  for  Cooking  In  Casseroles. 
By  Olive  M.  Hulse.  Large  Svo,  97  pages.  Chi- 
cago: The  Hopewell  Press.  $1.  net. 

Quick  Training  for  War:  A  Few  Practical  Sug- 
gestions. By  Sir  Robert  Baden-Powell,  K.C.B. 
Illustrated.  ISmo,  102  pages.  Duffleld  &  Co. 
50  cts.  net. 

Wealth  from  the  Soil.  By  C.  C.  Bowsfleld.  12mo, 
319  pages.  Forbes  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace:  Year 
Book  for  1913-14.  Large  Svo,  203  pages.  Wash- 
ington: Carnegie  Endowment. 

\\hillikiiis:  A  Study  in  Social  Hysteria.  By  Elmer 
Willis  Serl.  12mo,  131  pages.  Neale  Publishing 
Co.  $1.  net. 

The  College,  the  Market,  and  the  Court;  or,  Wo- 
man's Relation  to  Education,  Labor,  and  Law. 
By  Caroline  H.  Dall,  LL.D.  With  portrait,  Svo, 
511  pages.  "Memorial  Edition."  Boston:  Pub- 
lished by  the  author. 

Short  Stories  in  the  Making.  By  Robert  Wilson 
Neal,  A.M.  12mo,  269  pages.  Oxford  University 
Press.  60  cts.  net. 

The  Philosophy  of  War.  By  Harriette  Augusta 
Curtiss  and  F.  Homer  Curtiss.  16mo,  52  pages. 
Curtiss  Book  Co.  Paper,  75  cts.  net.  . 

Swollen-headed  William:  Painful  Stories  and 
Funny  Pictures  after  the  German!  Text  adapted 
by  E.  V.  Lucas,  with  drawings  adapted  by 
George  Morrow.  Large  Svo,  20  pages.  E.  P. 
Dutton  &  Co.  50  cts.  net. 


THE    MISCELLANY 

"An  occasional  publication  devoted  to  bibliology," 
particularly  "The  Book  Beautiful." 

Subscription:     $1.00  per  volume  of  four  numbers. 

THE  MISCELLANY 

17  Board  of  Trade  KANSAS  CITY.  MO. 


MICHEL  ANGELO 

By  WILHELM  R.  VALENTINER 

Octavo.     Illustrated    with   collotype  plates.     300  copies  on   Dutch 
handmade  paper  at  $6.00  net. 

"  No  one  has  made  the  mysterious  giant  of  the  renais- 
sance live  for  us  in  the  same  degree.  By  letting  the  higher 
faculty  of  imagination  connect  Michel  Angelo  with  the 
human  race  and  its  common  characteristics,  the  author  has 
brought  him  as  close  to  us  as  may  be  in  the  case  of  a  per- 
sonality so  aloof." 

— New  York  fines. 

FREDERIC  FAIRCHILD  SHERMAN 

1790  BROADWAY  NEW  YORK  CITY 


THE  confidence  of  its  readers  in  both 
the  editorial  and  advertising  sections  of 
THE  DIAL  is  assured  by  careful  supervision 
and  discrimination  of  its  managers  over  what- 
ever appears  in  its  columns. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


29 


MRS.  RACHEL  WEST  CLEMENT 

Experienced  Authors'  Agent,  Reader  and  Critic,  Specializing  in  Short 

Stories.     Reading  fee,  $1.00  for  5,000  words  or  under,  includes  short 

criticism.  Circular!  on  requeit. 

6646  Germantown  Ave.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


The  BESTOOL  SYSTEM 

Subject-Index  for  Private  Library 

Will  control  material  in  Homiletics  and  Social  Reform. 
Simple,  inexpensive,  adaptable,  efficient.    Address 

THE  BESTOOL  SYSTEM 
A.  B.  Long,  Westerleigh,  S.  I.,  New  York  City 


Short -Story  Writing 

A  Course  of  forty  lessons  in  the  history, 
form,   structure,  and  writing  of  the 
Short-Story   taught   by   Dr.  J.   Berg 
Esenwein,  Editor  of  Lippincott's  Magazine. 
One  student  writes:    "I  know  that  you  will 
be  pleased  when  I  tell  you  that  I  have  jast 
received  a  check  for  $125  from  'Everybody 's ' 
for  a  humorous  story.     They  ask  for  more. 
I  am  feeling  very  happy,  and  very  grateful  to 
Dr.  Esenwein. 

Also  courses  in  Photoplay  Writing,  Versi- 
fication and  Poetics,  Journalism.     In  all, 
over  One  Hundred  Courses,  under  profes- 
Dr.  Eunweia       sors  in  Harvard,  Brown,  Cornell,  and  other 
leading  colleges. 

250-Page  Catalog  Free.     Pleate  Address 
The  Home  Correspondence  School 

Dept.  571  Springfield,  Mass. 


UIGH  GRADE  BOOKS 
il  require  high  grade 
publicity.THE  DIAL  reaches 
the  most  select  bookbuying 
public  in  America. 

Out  of  Print  Books 

Autograph  Letters 

First  Editions 

MR.  ERNEST  DRESSEL  NORTH  desires 
to  inform  his  friends,  customers,  and 
the  book-buying  public  that  he  has  a 
large  stock  of  rare  second-hand  books 
and  autograph  letters  constantly  on 
hand.  He  is  always  ready  to  buy  or 
sell  such,  and  to  correspond  with 
librarians,  collectors,  and  booksellers 
regarding  these  specialties. 


ERNEST  DRESSEL  NORTH 

4  East  Thirty-ninth  Street  NEW  YORK  CITY 


F    M      HOLI  Y   AUTHORS'  AND  PUBLISHERS' 
i     A ,  REPRESENTATIVE 

156  Fifth  Avenue.  New  York  (  Kstnblished  1906S 

RATES  AND  FULL  INFORMATION  WILL  BE  SENT  ON  REQUEST 

A  I  IT"  I-I O  U  Q  f     We  can  sel1  vour  Dories,  poems,  etc. 
*»Vx  M.  XlvyiXO*     Terms,  15%.    Also  expert  criticism, 
revision  and  typing  of  MSS.  Write  for 
W.  LABBERTON  CO.,  1308  Hoe  Ave.,  New  York  City, 


circular. 


THE  NEW  YORK  BUREAU  OF  REVISION 

Thirty-fifth  Year.  LETTERS  OF  CRIIICISM,  EXPERT 
REVISION  OF  MSS.  Advice  as  to  publication.  Address 
DR.  TITUS  M.  CO  AN,  424  W.  1 1 9th  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


MANUSCRIPTS 
CRITICISED       REVISED        PLACED 

N.  SHEPPARD 

149  WEST  14TH  STREET  NEW  YORK  CITY 

If  you  want  results  send  stamp  for  circular 


MSS.  SUCCESSFULLY  PLACED 

Criticised,  Revised,  Typed 

Send  for  Leaflet  D 

References : 
Edwin  Markham  and  others.    Established  1890. 

UNITED  LITERARY  PRESS,  123  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 


MANUSCRIPTS 

edited  and  revised.    Letters  of  criticism.    Advice  as 
to  publication. 

Address.  ROBERT  J.  SHORES,  Hotel  Marie  Antoinette 
New  York  City 


INDEX  OFFICE,  Inc.  110  N '3£t£5  AVE 

Undertakes  searches  in  libraries,  museums,  files  and  records  of 
Chicago  and  elsewhere,  indexes,  compiles,  and  abstracts  literary 
and  statistical  material  for  the  use  of 

MANUFACTURERS,  SCIENTISTS  and  INVESTIGA- 
TORS. CARD  INDEXES  to  CURRENT  SCIENTIFIC 
and  TECHNICAL  MATERIAL  a  SPECIALTY. 

AKSEL  G.  S.  JOSEPHSON,  Secretary. 

PHOTO  PLAYWRIGHTS 

Send  your  rejected  photoplays  to  us  for  correction,  revision 
and  criticism.  Mss.  typed,  meritorious  scripts  placed. 
Authors  of  novels,  short  stories  and  books  wishing  their 
material  dramatized  and  placed  in  regular  photoplay  form, 
address  us  as  to  your  wants.  Circular  on  request. 

REX  LITERARY  BUREAU 


57  STOCKTON  ST. 


BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 


ART  vs.  PROFIT 

Do  you  wish  to  succeed  at  writing?  Then  forget  that  you  want 
to  make  money  out  of  it,  and  devote  yourself  to  doing  your  work 
well;  thus  will  you  achieve  artistic  excellence,  and  profit  will 
follow.  Let  us  send  \ou  free  our  beautiful  correspondence-study 
catalogue.  The  sight  of  it  is  an  aesthetic  tonic ;  its  contents  will 
be  a  revelation  to  you.  We  offer  over  100  courses  for  the  writer. 

School  of  Literary  Craftsmanship  and  Aesthetics 

WASHINGTON.  D.  C. 


30 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan.  1 


OARE  books  and  first  editions  collected 
•"•^  and  arranged  for  people  who  are  too 
busy  to  attend  to  the  forming  of  libraries. 

Address  E.  V.,  Boston  Transcript 
BOSTON,  MASS. 


Bi.1  BIOGRAPHY 

(2,500  Items)         *•*  *  V-T  V*  *X  £~*  A      J.  *    J, 

Selected  from  our  Large  Stock  of  over  100,000  Books  on  all 
subjects,  including  Americana,  Archaeology,  Art,  Biography, 
Drama,  Essays,  Foreign  Languages,  History,  Literature, 
Music,  Philosophy,  Psychology,  Sciences,  Sociology, Theology, 
Travel,  etc.  Free  Upon  Request. 

SCHULTE'S  BOOK  STORE, 
132  East  23rd  St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Our  Bargain  Book  Catalog  Will  Be 
Sent  on  Request 

"l  am  always  interested  in  your  catalogs.    They  are  the  best  printed, 

and  as  a  whole,  the  prices  the  most  reasonable  of  any  I  receive." 

An  unsolicited  comment  from  a  prominent  college  professor. 

THE  H.  R.  HUNTTING  CO.,  Booksellers  and  Publishers 
Springfield,  Massachusetts 


Catalogue  of  Books  from  the  Library  of 
ANDREW  LANG 

A  Second  Catalogue  of  AMERICANA 

Uncommon  Books  Relating  to  the  Revolution,  Civil  War, 

Indians,  Lincoln,  Canada,  etc. 

Sent  on  Request 

C.  Gerhardt  &  Co..  120  East  59th  St..  New  York 

&OOK  READERS 

are  necessarily  Book  Buyers. 
Every  reader  of  THE  DIAL  is  a 
reader  &.  buyer  of  good  books. 


BOOKS  (Secondhand  t  Catalogues,  including  Americana,  poet  free 
R.  ATKINSON,  97  Suuderland  Road,  Forest  Hill,  LONDON,  ENG. 

ROOK^  ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  BOOKS  SUPPLIED. 
DWIYO*  no  matter  on  what  subject.  Write  us.  We  can  get 
you  any  book  ever  published.  Please  state  wants.  Catalogue  free. 
BAKER'S  GREAT  BOOK  SHOP.  14-16  Bright  St.,  BIRMINGHAM,  ENO. 

BOOKS  AND  AUTOGRAPHS.  Catalogues  post  free.  First 
editions,  Natural  History,  Genealogy,  etc.  WILLIAM  BROWN, 
5  Castle  Street,  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  Established  1877. 


Over  1,000,000  volumes  seoond  hand  at  half  price.  New, 
25%  discount.     State  wants.     Catalogue  free.     Books 
FOYLE,  121  Charing  Cross  Road,  London,  England. 


bought. 


SECOND-HAND  BOOKS.    General  Literature,   ist  Editions. 

Enquiries  esteemed.     Frequent  catalogues  post  free. 

GORFIN.  82A,  CHARING  CROSS  ROAD,  LONDON,  W.  C. 

W.  HEFFER  &  SONS,  LTD. 

BOOKSELLERS 

CAMBRIDGE,  ENGLAND 

Classified  Catalogues  issued  regularly,  English  Literature,  Science 
and  Mathematics,  Oriental  and  Travel,  Classical,  Historical,  The- 

ology, Philosophy  and  Economics,  etc. 

Let  us   register  your  name    for  catalogues,  and    send  us  your 
List  of  Wants.     We  carry  an  immense  stock. 


ROO  1C  S      Prints-  Maps  and  Magazines  Relating  to  Ireland. 

"V^vyi-VkJ,  We  hold  the  largest  stock  in  the  north  of  Ireland 
and  can  supply  at  short  notice  any  scarce  Irish  book.  Catalogues 
issued.  W.  H.  TAGGART  &  CO.,  Irish  Booksellers  and  Gen- 
ealogists, 57  Antrim  Road,  Belfast,  Ireland. 


The  Advertising  Representative  of  THE  DIAL 
in  England  is 

MR.  DAVID  H.  BOND 

407,  Bank  Chambers,  Chancery  Lane,  London,  W.  C., 

who  can  furnish  full  information  regarding  rates,  etc., 
and  through  whom  advertising  orders  may  be  sent. 


OF  CELEBRITIES   BOUGHT  AND  SOLD 

Send  for  price  lists 
"Walter  R.  Benjamin,  225  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 

Established  1887.    Pub.  The  Collector,  $1.  a  year 


BOUND  VOLUMES  OF  THE  DIAL 

Volumes  LVI.  (January  1  to  June  16,  1914)  and  LVII.  (July  1  to 
December  16,  1914)  of  THE  DIAL  are  now  ready,  bound  in  dark  brown 
cloth,  back  and  side  stamps  in  gold,  and  will  be  sent  prepaid  to  any  address 
at  $1.50  each. 

Subscribers  may  exchange  their  copies  for  new,  clean  copies,  bound 
as  above,  at  $1.00  per  volume. 

We  have  on  hand  a  limited  supply  of  volumes  for  previous  years, 
uniformly  bound,  which  we  can  furnish  at  moderate  prices.  Subscribers 
wishing  to  complete  their  sets,  or  to  exchange  their  copies  for  bound 
volumes,  are  invited  to  correspond  with  us. 


THE  DIAL, 


632  Sherman  Street, 


CHICAGO 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


31 


LOOSE-LEAF  DEVICES 
for  LIBRARY  RECORDS 

Make  your  work  easier,  quicker,  better.     Use 

Loose  -  Leaf    Accession    Records 
and  Borrowers'  Registers 

They   are  made  to  be  used  in  a  typewriter.     For 

your  library  this  means 
Economy     Speed     Accuracy     Neatness 

Order  from 
LIBRARY  SUPPLIES  DEPARTMENT 

DEMOCRAT  PRINTING  COMPANY 

MADISON,  WIS. 


GOOD  SERVICE 

We  have  many  satisfied  customers  in  all  parts 
of  the  United  States.  In  addition  to  our  large 
stock  of  the  books  of  all  publishers,  we  have 
unexcelled  facilities  for  securing  promptly 
books  not  in  stock  and  making  shipments 
complete.  Give  us  a  trial  when  the  next 
order  is  ready.  In  the  mean  time  do  not  hesi- 
tate to  call  upon  us  for  any  information  you 
may  wish.  We  are  always  at  your  service. 

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  COMPANY 

Wholesale  Dealers  in  the  Books  of  all  Publishers 

33  Ea«t  17th  Street 
Union  Square  North 


Bender's 

War  Revenue 

Law  Annotated 

A  complete  and  Annotated  Edition  of  the 
Emergency  Revenue  Act  of  1914.  It  has 
not  been  written  with  an  idea  of  meeting 
the  demand  for  a  so-called  "cheap  popular 
edition,"  but  rather  for  a  careful  and,  as  far 
as  time  has  permitted,  an  exhaustive  edition. 
209  pages  Buckram  $2.00 

MATTHEW  BENDER  &  Co. 

109  STATE  STREET.  ALBANY,  N.  Y. 


Dublin  University  Press  Series 

THE  ARGONAUTICA  of 
APOLLONIUS  RHODIUS 

Edited,  with  Introduction  and  Commentary,  by 
GEORGE  W.  MOONEY,  M.A.,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of 
Trinity  College,  Dublin.    8vo.    $4.50  net. 
"Mr.  Mooney  has  interpreted  the  difficult  passages,  trans- 
cribed the  parallels  from  Homer,  Hesiod,  Pindar,  Virgil 
and  Valerius  Flaccus,  and  in  general  furnished  all  the  aids 
that  the  ordinary  classical  student  will  need  for  the  intelli- 
gent enjoyment  of  the  poem.    .    .    ." — Nation. 

LONGMANS,  GREEN  &  COMPANY 

FOURTH  AVENUE  AND  30TH  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


JUST  PUBLISHED 

Studies  in  Southern  History  and  Politics 

Edited  by  JAMES  W.  GARNER 

Professor  of  Political  Science  in  the  University  of  Illinois 

8vo,  cloth,  pp.  viii  +  394.    Price  $2.50  net. 
A  collection  of  fifteen  articles  on  topics  relating  to  the 
South  by  professors  in  various  colleges  and  universities  of 
the  country. 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 


LEMCKE  AND  BUECHNER,  Agents 


30-32  West  27th  Street 


NEW  YORK 


"AT  McCLURG'S" 

It  is  of  interest  and  importance 
to  Librarians  to  know  that  the 
books  reviewed  and  advertised 
in  this  magazine  can  be  pur- 
chased from  us  at  advantageous 
prices  by 

Public  Libraries,  Schools, 
Colleges  and  Universities 

In  addition  to  these  books  we 
have  an  exceptionally  large 
stock  of  the  books  of  all  pub- 
lishers—a more  complete  as- 
sortment than  can  be  found  on 
the  shelves  of  any  other  book- 
store in  the  entire  country.  We 
solicit  correspondence  from 
librarians  unacquainted  with 
our  facilities. 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 

A.C.  McCIurg  &  Co.,  Chicago 


Hinds  and  Noble.  31-33-35  West  15th  St,  N.  Y.  City.    Write  for  Catalogue. 


32 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan.  1,  1915 


IMPORTANT  BOOKS  OF  1914 


TOUCHING  THE  WAR 

GERMANY  AND  ENGLAND 

By  J.  A.  CRAMB,  Introduc- 
tion by  the  Hon.  Joseph  H. 
Choate.  net  $1.00 

ONE  AMERICAN'S  OPINION 
OF  THE  EUROPEAN  WAR 
An     answer     to     Germany's 
appeals  by  FREDERICK  W. 
WHITRIDGE.  net  50  cts. 

THE  WAR  WEEK  BY  WEEK 
By  EDWARD  S.  MARTIN. 

net  $1.00 

BUILDER  AND  BLUNDERER 

By   GEORGE   SAUNDERS. 

net  $1.00 
THE  NATIONS  AT  WAR 

By  L.  CECIL  JANE.       net  $1.00 
THE  GERMAN  ENIGMA 

By    GEORGES    BOURDON, 
sub-editor  of  "  Figaro. "     net  $1.2 5 

ART  AND  MUSIC 

GREEK  AND  ROMAN  SCULPTURE 

By  A.  FURTWANGLER  and 
H.  L.  URLICHS.  60  plates, 
73  text  illus.  net  $2.50 

A  SHORT  HISTORY  OP 

ITALIAN  PAINTING 

By  ALICE  V.  V.  BROWN 
and  WM.  RANKIN.  net  $2.25 

WAGNER:  As  Man  and  Artist 
By   ERNEST    NEWMAN. 

net  $3.50 

THE  RUSSIAN  OPERA 

By  ROSA  NEWMARCH. 

net  $1.75 

GENERAL 
LITERATURE 

LETTERS  OF  EDWARD  DOWDEN 

net  $2.50 
FRAGMENTS  OF  OLD  LETTERS 

EDWARD  DOWDEN  to 
MISS  E.  D.  WEST,  1869- 
1892.  Two  Series.  Each 

net  $2.00 

POETICAL  WORKS  OF  EDWARD 

DOWDEN 

2  vols.  net  $4.00 

SHAKESPEARE  PERSONALLY 
By  DAVID  MASSON.     net  $2.00 

PLAYS  AND  POEMS  OF  GEORGE 

CHAPMAN 

The  Comedies.  Edited,  with 
Introduction  and  Notes  by 
THOMAS  M.  PARROTT, 
Princeton  Univ.  net  $2.00 

THE  VILLAIN  AS  HERO  IN 

ELIZABETHAN  TRAGEDY 

By  C.  V.  BOYER.  net  $2.00 

TALES  OF  THE  TRAIL 

Western  sketches  in  verse  by 
JAMES  W.  FOLEY.  net  $1.35 


ECONOMICS,  EDUCA- 
TION, SOCIOLOGY,  Etc. 

AMERICAN  PUBLIC  OPINION 

By  JAMES  DAVENPORT 
WHELPLEY.  net  $2.50 

POVERTY  AND  WASTE 

By   HARTLEY  WITHERS. 

net  $1.25 

IN  DEFENCE  of  WHAT  MIGHT  BE 
By  EDMOND  G.  A.  HOLMES. 

net  $1.50 

RELIGION, 
PHILOSOPHY 

THE  GODS  OF  INDIA 

A  Brief  Description  of  Their 
History,  Character  and  Wor- 
ship, net  $1.50 
THE  GREEK  PHILOSOPHERS 
By    ALFRED    W.     BENN, 
Second    edition,    in   part    re- 
written, net  $6.00 
THE   BIBLE    AND   THE   ANGLO- 
SAXON  PEOPLE 

By   WILLIAM    CANTON. 

net  $2.00 

HISTORY,  TRAVEL,  Etc. 

AN  ECONOMIC  HISTORY  OF 
RUSSIA 

By  Dr.  JAMES  MAVOR, 
Toronto  University.  2  vols. 

net  $10 

GOTHIC  ARCHITECTURE  IN 

SPAIN 

By  C.  E.  STREET.    Ed.  by 

G.  G.  KING.    2  vols.        net  $2.00 

THE  GOLDEN  AGE  OF  PRINCE 

HENRY  THE  NAVIGATOR 
By  J.  P.  OLIVEIRA  MAR- 
TINS, net  $3.50 

CESARE  BORGIA 

By    W.    H.    WOODWARD. 

9  plates.     3  maps.  net  $3.30 

THE  HUSSITE  WARS 

By  the  COUNT  LUTZOW. 
Frontispiece  and  Map.  net  $4.50 

GERMAN  FREE  CITIES 

Chronicles  of  Hamburg,  Bre- 
men, Lubeck.  By  WILSON 
KING.  net  $4.00 

A  SHORT  HISTORY  OF  THE 

EGYPTIAN  PEOPLE 

By  E.  A.  WALLIS  BUDGE. 

net  $1.00 

THE  LITERATURE  OF  THE 

ANCIENT  EGYPTIANS 

By  E.  A.  W.  BUDGE,     net  $1.00 

ENGLAND  OF  MY  HEART 
By     EDWARD     HUTTON. 
Illus.    By  GORDON  HOME. 

net  $2.25 


MISCELLANEOUS 

ENGLISH  DOMESTIC  CLOCKS 

By  HERBERT  CESCINSKY 

and  MALCOLM  R.  WEB- 
STER. Fully  illustrated. 

Royal    8vo  net  $10 

A  HISTORY  OF  BOTANY  IN  THE 
UNITED  KINGDOM 

By  J.  REYNOLDS  GREEN. 

net  $3-75 
THE  ROMANCE  OF  FRAUD 

By      TIGHE      HOPKINS. 

Twelve  illustrations.          net  $2.30 
THE  ROMANCE  OF  SORCERY 

By  SAX  ROHMER.         net  $3.50 
MODERNITIES 

By  HORACE  B.  SAMUEL. 

net  $2.50 
THE  EGO  BOOK 

A    Book    of    Selfish    Ideals. 

By  VANCE  THOMPSON. 

net  $1.00 
POT-POURRI  MIXED  BY  TWO 

By   C.   W.   EARLE   and   E. 

CASE.  net  $2.50 

FICTION 

THE  RED  AND  THE  BLACK 

By  STENDHAL.  net  $1.75 

THE  WORLD  SET  FREE 

By  H.  G.  WELLS.  net  $1.35 

CHILDREN  OF  THE  DEAD  END 

By  PATRICK  MacGILL. 

net  $1.35 
THE  AWAKENING 

By  HENRY  BORDEAUX. 

net  $1.35 
CHRISTOPHER  QUARLES 

College  Professor  and  Master 
Detective.  By  PERCY  J. 
BREBNER.  net  $1.35 

FOR  BOYS  AND  GIRLS 

THE  RAILWAYS  OF  THE  WORLD 

By  ERNEST  PROTHEROE. 

16  plates  in  colors,  419  text 

illustrations.  net  $2.50 

THE  LITTLE  SCHOOLMATE 
SERIES. 

New  vols.     Each  illus.     net  $1.25 

The  Laird  of  Glentyre. 

Elspeth.     German  Life. 

Genevieve.     French  Life. 
DISCOVERIES  AND  INVENTIONS 
OF  THE  20TH  CENTURY 

By  EDWARD   CRESSY. 

net  $2.50 

SPORT 

TROUT  FLY-FISHING  IN 
AMERICA 

By  CHARLES  Z.  SOUTH- 
ARD. Superbly  illustrated 
in  color.  net  $7.50 


EVERYMAN 

ENCYCLOPEDIA 

Complete  in  12  vols. 

frf.  In  Cloth  £1  rvln  Red 
«PO  Binding  «p  1 U  Leather 
AQ  In  Cloth  A.,  n Quarter 
$O  Reinf  orcsd«P  1  £  Pigskin 


including       35  New  Volumes  in 

Dr.  Blackwell's 

™  EVERYMAN'S 


Including 
Paltock's  Peter 


for  "omen, 


Cloth, 
35c. 


LIBRARY 


Leather, 
70c. 


Lisa, 
etc.,  etc. 


ANTARCTIC 
ADVENTURE 

By  Raymond  E.  Priestley 

750  illustrations,  net  $5.00 

The  thrilling  experience  of 

Scott's  Northern  Party. 


FROM  THE 
LIST  OF 


E.  P.  DUTTON  &  COMPANY 


PRESS  OF  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY 


I    \ ' 


THE   DIAL 


c/7  SEMI-MONTHLY  JOURNAL  OF 

Criticism,  gbnisstoti,  anfr  ftiformaiicm 


FRANCTF™RBOWNE 


CHICAGO,  JANUARY  16,  1915. 


t  ott.  a  copy,  f     PUBLISHED  AT 
$2.  a  year.     I 


632  SHERMAN  ST. 


IMPORTANT  SCRIBNER  BOOKS 


Fighting  in 
Flanders 

By  E.  Alexander  Powell 

Mr.  P9well  was  the  only  correspond- 
ent officially  attached  to  the  Belgian 
army.  In  this  book  he  describes  his 
experiences  in  the  firing  line  throughout 
the  campaign  in  Flanders  and  in  every 
phase  of  the  great  drama  culminating 
in  the  fall  of  Antwerp. 
Profusely  illustrated.  $1.00  net;  post' 
age  extra. 

The  Diplomatic 
History  of  the 

Edited  by  M.  P.  Price,  M.  A. 

This  volume  is  the  first  complete 
record  of  the  events  preceding  the  war. 
It  includes  a  Diary  of  Negotiations  and 
Events  in  the  different  Capitals,  the 
Texts  of  the  Official  Documents  of  the 
Various  Governments,  full  reports  of 
the  public  speeches  in  all  the  European 
Parliaments  by  the  leaders  of  the 
different  parties  concerning  the  war, 
an  account  of  the  military  preparations 
of  the  countries  concerned,  and  much 
original  matter. 

$2.25  net. 

Fables 

By  Robert  Louis  Stevenson 

"I  am  very  much  struck  with  Mr. 
Hermann's  drawings  to  the  Stevenson 
'Fables.'     They  seem  to  me  to  show 
remarkable  power,  both  of  invention 
and  hand. " — Sidney  Colvin. 
Illustrated    with    20  full-page    illustra- 
tions,  20  initials  and  20  tail-pieces 
by  E.  R.  HERMANN. 

$3.00  net. 

Path-Flower 

and  Other  Verses 

By  Olive  T.  Dargan 

"Her  vocabulary  is  varied,  glowing, 
expressive.  Indubitably  a  poet  of 
great  charm  and  power  has  appeared 
in  the  person  of  Olive  Tilford  Dargan. " 
— James  Huneker,  in  the  North  Ameri- 
can Review.  $1.25  net;  postage  extra. 


America 

and 

The  World  War 

By  Theodore  Roosevelt 

"The  most  important  lesson  for  the 
United  States  to  learn  from  the  present 
war  is  the  vital  need  that  it  shall  at  once 
take  steps  to  prepare." 

Here,  in  this  one  vigorous  sentence 
of  the  Foreword,  is  stated  the  thesis 
of  the  book.  Following  this  definite 
plan,  he  works  out  with  careful  argu- 
ment his  reasons  for  believing  that 
"all  the  actions  of  the  ultra-pacifists 
for  a  generation  past,  all  their  peace 
congresses  and  peace  conventions  have 
amounted  to  precisely  and  exactly 
nothing  in  advancing  the  cause  of 
peace." 

75  cents  net;  postage  extra. 

The  Political 

Thought 

of  Heinrich  von 

Treitschke 

By  H.  W.  Carless  Davis 

Fellow  of  Balliol  College,  Oxford. 

In  addition  to  giving  an  account  of 
the  early  life  of  Treitschke  and  his  rela- 
tions with  Bismarck,  the  book  contains 
an  exposition  of  the  political  philosophy 
now  in  vogue  in  Germany,  showing  how 
the  thought  of  Treitschke  was  influ- 
enced by  the  events  of  his  own  life- 
time, and  how  his  famous  lectures  on 
Polilik  grew  out  of  polemical  essays 
which  he  wrote  on  current  questions  of 
German  politics.  The  reader  here 
gets  a  symmetrical  and  coordinated 
restatement  of  the  positions  now  held 
by  the  dominant  element  of  the  German 
people. 

$2.00  net. 


With  the  Allies 

By  Richard  Harding 
Davis 

A  first-hand  account  of  the  war  in 
Belgium,  including  the  entrance  of  the 
Germans  into  Brussels,  the  burning  of 
Louvain,  the  Battle  of  Soissons,  the 
bombardment  of  the  Rheims  Cathedral, 
and  thrilling  experiences  when  he  was 
captured  as  a  spy. 

Profusely  illustrated;  $1.00  net;  postage 
extra. 


By  William  Morton 
Fullerton 

New  Enlarged  Edition. 

Entirely  revised  in  the  light  of  the 
present  situation  in  Europe  and  brought 
out  in  a  new  edition.  At  the  time  of 
its  first  appearance,  more  than  a  year 
ago,  it  was  recognized  as  one  of  the 
most  authoritative  books  on  inter- 
national politics.  At  the  outbreak  of 
the  war  it  was  included  among  the 
best  of  the  war  books  by  the  authorities 
on  war  literature.  In  its  revised  form 
it  will  be  more  than  ever  valuable  in 
this  connection. 

$2.25  net. 


Bruges: 
A  Record  and 
An  Impression 

By  Mary  Stratton 

A  description  of  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  mediaeval  cities  in  the  world, 
whose  fascination  has  been  felt  by 
travellers  of  all  nationalities.  Mr. 
Wade,  who  illustrated  the  book,  is  a 
distinguished  artist,  whose  work  is  at 
his  best  when  depicting  the  work  and 
art  of  the  Middle  Ages,  and  the  striking 
results  of  his  impressions  and  his 
expressive  technique  are  shown  in  the 
illustrations. 

Illustrated  by  CHARLES  WADE. 
$2.00  net. 


34 


THE    DIAI, 


[Jan. 16 


A  New  Edition  of  a  Famous  Anthology 

Now  issued  in  a  beautiful  new  form  printed  on 
special  India  paper.  A  delightful  volume  in  every 
way,  the  thin  paper  making  a  compact  handy  size 
for  the  pocket  or  traveling  bag. 


GOLD 


EN POEMS 


GOLDEN 
POEMS 

Compiled  by 
FRANCIS  F.  BROWNE 

Editor  "Poems  of  the  Civil  War," 

"  Laurel  Crowned  Verse,"  etc.; 

author  "Everyday  Life  of 

Lincoln,"  etc. 


GOLDEN  POEMS  contains  more  of 
everyone's  favorites  than  any  other  collection 
at  a  popular  price,  and  has  besides  the  very 
best  of  the  many  fine  poems  that  have  been 
written  in  the  last  few  years. 

GOLDEN  POEMS  (by  British  and 
American  Authors)  has  550  selections  from 
300  writers,  covering  the  whole  range  of 
English  literature. 

GOLDEN  POEMS  is  a  fireside  volume 
for  the  thousands  of  families  who  love  poetry. 
It  is  meant  for  those  who  cannot  afford  all 
the  collected  works  of  their  favorite  poets  — 
it  offers  the  poems  they  like  best,  all  in  one 
volume. 

The  selections  in  GOLDEN  POEMSare 
classified  according  to  their  subjects:  BY  THE 
FIRESIDE;  NATURE'S  VOICES;  DREAMS 
AND  FANCIES;  FRIENDSHIP  AND  SYM- 
PATHY; LOVE;  LIBERTY  AND  PATRIOT- 
ISM; BATTLE  ECHOES;  HUMOR;  PATHOS 
AND  SORROW;  THE  BETTER  LIFE;  SCAT- 
TERED LEAVES. 

GOLDEN  POEMS,  with  its  wide  appeal, 
attractively  printed  and  beautifully  bound, 
makes  an  especially  appropriate  gift. 


Flexible  blue  cloth  binding,  red  under  gold  edges. 

$2.75  net 
Full  brown  Morocco,   under  gold  edges,   $4.00  net 


A.  C.  McCLURG  &  CO. 


CHICAGO 


"Will  Save  the  Public  Many 
a  Dollar."— PHILA.  RECORD. 

THE  CAREFUL 
INVESTOR 

By  EDWARD  SHERWOOD  MEAD,  Ph.D. 

Professor  of  Finance,  University  of  Pennsylvania 

290  pages,  $1.50  net,  postage  extra 


Portland  Oregonian: 

"A  valuable  book  for  the  general  public." 

Commercial  and  Financial  World,  N.  Y.  C.: 

"Another  exceptionally  timely  book.  .  .  What 
Dr.  Mead  has  to  say  will  come  as  a  revelation  to 
numbers  of  readers  who  have  speculated,  or  who 
may  be  tempted  to  speculate,  in  Wall  Street,  or  to 
take  an  interest  in  this,  that  or  the  other  'scheme.' 
It  is  well  written  and  of  absorbing  interest.1' 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS  PHILADELPHIA 


"AT  McCLURG'S" 

It  is  of  interest  and  importance 
to  Librarians  to  know  that  the 
books  reviewed  and  advertised 
in  this  magazine  can  be  pur- 
chased from  us  at  advantageous 
prices  by 

Public  Libraries,  Schools, 
Colleges  and  Universities 

In  addition  to  these  books  we 
have  an  exceptionally  large 
stock  of  the  books  of  all  pub- 
lishers—a more  complete  as- 
sortment than  can  be  found  on 
the  shelves  of  any  other  book- 
store in  the  entire  country.  We 
solicit  correspondence  from 
librarians  unacquainted  with 
our  facilities. 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 

A.C.  McClurg  &  Co.,  Chicago 


THE    DIAL,  35 


BOOKS  OF  OUTSTANDING  WORTH 


Ralph  Connor 


THE  PATROL  OF  THE  SUN  DANCE  TRAIL 


Like  THE  SKY  PILOT,  Connor's  latest  novel  lives  on,  not  merely  in  the  book-shops  but  in  the  hearts  of  its 

readers,  because  of  its  drama,  its  tenderness  of  young  love.     Its  hero  is  the  ideal  of  virility  —  Corporal  Cameron 

of  the  North  West  Mounted  Police,  who  through  blinding  blizzard  and  the  perilous  mountain  night  followed 

tirelessly  on  the  trail  of  an  Indian  traitor. 

"The  spirit  of  the  open  spaces;  the  beauty  of  the  frontier  that  holds  men  surely  under  its  subtle  spell,  in  a  story 

of  crowding  incident."  —  Boston  Transcript. 

Decorative  jacket  and  end-papers.  Net,  $1.25 

Marie  Corelli    INNOCENT:  Her  Fancy  and  His  Fact 

Because  for  years  Miss  Corelli  has  made  this  her  labor  of  love,  it  promises  to  keep  on  appealing  to  her  readers 
as  has  THELMA,  the  Irish  lassie  who  laughed  and  dreamed,  rode  through  the  golden  leagues  of  the  wheatlands, 
fought  gamely  for  love,  and  smiled  her  way  into  the  sympathies  of  thousands  of  readers. 
"With  consummate  skill,  the  whole  heart  of  a  woman  is  shown  to  us.     Innocent  is  one  of  the  heroines  that  will 
never  be  forgotten."  —  W.  Robertson  NicolL  Net,  $1.35 

Gilbert  Parker      YOU  NEVER  KNOW  YOUR  LUCK 

The  months  merely  increase  the  popularity  of  this  new  tale  of  the  Northwest,  in  which  Parker  has  added  to  the 

strength  of  THE  RIGHT  OF  WAY  a  new  sweetness  in  the  picture  of  Kitty  Tynan. 

Illustrations,  end-papers  and  jacket  in  color.  Net,  $1.25 

Hugh  Walpole  THE  DUCHESS  OF  WREXE 

That  the  permanent  popularity  of  FORTITUDE  does  not  indicate  that  Walpole  is  a  "one-book  man"  is  proven 
by  the  growing  vogue  of  his  latest  novel,  THE  DUCHESS  OF  WREXE,  the  story  of  democracy's  triumph  over 
age-rotten  aristocracy.  Net,  $1.4O 

Horace  Annesley  Vachell  QUINNEYS' 

The  best  salesmen  for  QUINNEYS'  are  the  thousands  of  people  who  are  reading  it,  talking  it,  pushing  it  with 
that  irresistible  force  which  can  come  only  from  their  loving  it.  Net,  $1.25 

Baroness  Orczy  THE  LAUGHING  CAVALIER 

The  story  of  the  ancestor  of  THE  SCARLET  PIMPERNEL,  a  slashing,  rollicking,  courtly  blade  of  1600,  with 
the  author's  remarkable  power  of  making  a  past  age  real.  Net,  $1.35 

J.  D  Beresford  THE  HOUSE  IN  DEMETRIUS  ROAD 

There  are  about  50,000  people  in  the  United  States  who  definitely  appreciate  a  profound  realistic  novel.  This 
story  of  a  man's  fight  against  losing  his  grip  on  himself  is  such  realism.  Are  you  one  of  the  50,000?  If  not,  you 
are  so  unfortunate  as  to  lose  the  delight  of  seeing  the  spectacle  of  life  itself.  Net,  $1.3O 

Irvin  5.  Cobb  EUROPE  REVISED 

The  merriest  travel  chronicle,  and  a  shrewd  picture  of  what  Europe  really  is. 

Illustrations  by  JOHN  T.  McCUTCHEON.  Net,  $1.50 

Mrs.  Parnell  CHARLES  STEWART  PARNELL 

This  is  the  famous  story  of  the  great  romance  of  Ireland's  uncrowned  king,  by  his  widow,  which  has  daily  been 
arousing  greater  admiration  and  more  bitter  protests.  Two  vols.,  illustrated.  Net,  $5.00. 

G.  A.  Birmingham      FROM  DUBLIN  TO  CHICAGO 

Pleasant  pictures  of  America  by  the  famous  Irish  humorist,  author  of  GENERAL  JOHN  REGAN.  Net,  $1.5O 
—  ^  ——————  ^—  ^—  ^^—  At  All 


GEORGE  H.  DORAN  COMPANY,  Publishers 

Thirty-eight    West    T  h  i  r  t  y  -  s  e  c  o  n  d     Street,    New    York 


36 


THE    DIAL, 


[Jan.  16,  1915 


New  and  Forthcoming  Macmillan  Books 

Fiction,  Poetry,  Drama 

A  FAR  COUNTRY 

NEW  POEMS 

By  WINSTON  CHURCHILL.    Mr.  Churchill's  new  novel. 

By  ROBERT  and  ELIZABETH  B.  BROWNING.    Edited 

which  will  arouse  as  great  interest  as  its  immediate  prede- 

by  Sir   F.    G.    Kenyon.     Twenty-nine   poems   by   Robert 

cessor,  "The  Inside  of  the  Cup,"  one  of  the  most  successful 

Browning  and  six  poems  by  Mrs.  Browning  not  hitherto 

of  modern  novels.                                      $1.50.    Ready  in  May 

published.     Two  portraits.                            Ready  January  20 

BEALBY 

SONGS  OF  KABIR 

By  H.  G.  WELLS.     Mr.  Wells'  new  novel,  filled  with  the 
delightful  humor  which  distinguishes  the  fiction  of  the  autho 
of  <TThe  Wife  of  Sir  Isaac  Harman,"  etc. 
Ready  in  March,  $1.35 

By  RABINDRANATH  TAGORE.     Sympathetic  versions 
of  the  spiritual  songs  of  the  great  Hindu  reformer.     One  of 
Mr.  Tagore's  most  important  books.                                 $1.25 

MRS.  MARTIN'S  MAN 

PHILIP  THE  KING  and  Other  Poems 

By  ST.  JOHN  G.  ERVINE.    A  new  novel  of  Irish  home 

By  JOHN   MASEFIELD.     A  new  impressive  drama  and 

life  and  interesting  characters  written  with  power,  tolerance, 

powerful  verse,  including   Mr.   Masefield's  great  poem  on 

love  and  wisdom.                                                                  $1.35. 

the  European  War.                                                                $1.25 

CRACK  0'  DAWN 

THE  PRESENT  HOUR 

By  FANNIE  STEARNS  DAVIS  (Mrs.  A.  McK.  Gifford). 

By  PERCY  MACKAYE.     Vital  poems  dealing  with  the 

A  new  book  of  poems  by  the  author  of  "Myself  and  I." 

World   War   and   filled   with   the   expression   of   America's 

Ready  January  27 

attitude.                                                                              $1.25 

Government,  Politics,  Economics,  Agriculture,  Etc. 

THE  LIFE  of  BENJAMIN  DISRAELI 

THE  PHILIPPINES  :  Past  and  Present 

Earl  of  Beaconsfield 

By  DEAN  C.  WORCESTER.     New  and  enlarged  edition 

By  W.  F.  MONYPENNY  and  G.  E.  BUCKLE.    Volume 

of  "a  timely  book  on  a  subject  of  the  greatest  national 

III.     Just  published.     The  brilliant  biography  of  the  most 

interest."                                Richly  illustrated.     2  vols.     $6.00 

picturesque  and  astute  statesman  that  England  ever  pro- 
duced.    .     .     .     "Volume  III   contains  the  stirring  story 

AN  INTRODUCTION  TO 

of  the  career  which  Disraeli  marked  out  and  followed  with 
impregnable  patience  and  dauntless  courage."  —  New  York 
Tribune.                          Three  volumes  now  ready.     Each  $3.00 

THE  STUDY  OF  GOVERNMENT 

By  LIEUT.-COL.  L.  H.  HOLT.     The  principles  of  political 
science  with  illustrations  from  our  own  and  foreign  govern- 

THE PANAMA  CANAL  AND 

ments.                                                                Ready  January  13 

INTERNATIONAL  TRADE  COMPETITION 

INTERNATIONAL  TRADE  and  EXCHANGE 

By  LINCOLN  HUTCHINSON.     A  broad  survey  of  the 

By    HARRY    GUNNISON    BROWN.    Ph.D.    A    ready 

economic  and  commercial  geography  of  the  two  great  con- 

reference work  on  the  mechanism  and  advantages  of  inter- 

nected trade  areas.                                                   Ready  shortly 

national  commerce.                                                                $1.50 

ARTIFICIAL  WATERWAYS 

PROPERTY  AND  CONTRACT 

OF  THE  WORLD 

By  RICHARD  T.  ELY,  Ph.D..  LL.D.    An  important  book 

By  A.  BARTON  HEPBURN.     The  best  authoritative  work 
on  the  canalized  highways  of  trade  of  the  world. 
Illustrated.     $1.25 

on  the  modern  relations  of  property  and  contract  to  the 
distribution  of  wealth.                                            2  vols.     $4.00 

JUDGING  LIVE  STOCK 

ECONOMICS  OF  EFFICIENCY 

By  NORRIS  A.  BRISCO.     Efficiency  essentials  analyzed 
and  their  application  clearly  pointed  out.                       $1.50 

By  CARL  WARREN  GAY,  D.V.M.,  B.S.A.    A  valuable 
manual   clearly   explaining   the  principles  and  practice   of 
judging  animals.                                               Illustrated.     $1.50 

PLANT  BREEDING 

PRINCIPLES  of  FRUIT  GROWING 

By  L.  H.  BAILEY.     Revised  by  A.  W.  Gilbert.     A  revised 

By  L.  H.  BAILEY.     Twentieth  Edition.     The  text  of  this 

to  date  edition  including  the  most  recent  application  of  the 

standard  work  revised  throughout.                       Ready  shortly 

breeding  of  plants.                                                   Ready  shortly 

Philosophy,  Ethics,  Religion,  Education 

READINGS  IN  POLITICAL 

INTRODUCTION  TO  THE 

PHILOSOPHY 

STUDY  OF  ETHICS 

By    FRANCIS    W.    COKER.     Presents    in    handy    form 

By  THEODORE  DELAGUNA.     A  new  elementary  treat- 

important extracts  from  the  great  philosophical  discussions 

ment  of  the  principles  of  ethics,  revealing  the  great  develop- 

of political  questions  from  the  earliest  times.                 $2.25 

ment  the  science  has  undergone  in  recent  years.              $1-75 

MODERN  RELIGIOUS 

THE  RECONSTRUCTION 

MOVEMENTS  IN  INDIA 

OF  THE  CHURCH 

By  J.  N.  FARQUHAR.  A  comprehensive  survey  of  present- 
day  religious  tendencies  in  India.  Illustrated.  Ready  February  3 

With  Regard  to  Its  Message  and  Program 

By  PAUL  MOORE  STRAYER.     Dr.  Strayer's  lucid  plan 

THE  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 

for  the   efficient   modernization  of   the   Church's   spiritual 

ITS  FAITH  AND  ORDER 

By  GEORGE  HODGES.   Dean  Hodges's  valuable  manual 
of  information  of  Episcopalian  doctrine  and  discipline. 

THE  LESSON    IN  APPRECIATION 

By  F.  H.  HAYWARD.     An  interesting  presentation  of  ideas 

Ready  in  January 

in  teaching  literature  and  music.                   Ready  in  January 

EDUCATION  THROUGH  PLAY 

OUTLINES  OF  CHILD  STUDY 

By  H.  S.  CURTIS.     An  expert  consideration  of  the  educa- 

By   WILLIAM    A.    McKEEVER.     Invaluable    for    child 

tional  value  of  play  by  the  former  Secretary  of  the  Playground 

instruction,  giving  methods  of  organization  and  list  of  books 

Association  of  America.                                                         $1.50 

for  child  study  groups.                                    Ready  in  January 

64.66^^1:;.  v.  THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY    °Ls£™s™ 

THE  DIAL 

Setni'ilHontblg  Journal  of  ILiterarg  Criticism,  Bfecusston,  anfc  Information. 


THE  DIAL  (founded  in  1S80)  is  published  on  the  1st  and 
16th  of  each  month.  TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIPTION,  $2.  a  year  in 
advance,  postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  and  Mexico; 
Foreign  and  Canadian  postage  50  cents  per  year  extra.  RE- 
MITTANCES should  be  by  check,  or  by  express  or  postal  order, 
payable  to  THE  DIAL.  Unless  otherwise  ordered,  subscrip- 
tions will  begin  with  the  current  number.  When  no  direct 
request  to  discontinue  at  expiration  of  subscription  is  re- 
ceived, it  is  assumed  that  a  continuance  of  the  subscription  is 
desired.  ADVERTISING  RATES  furnished  on  application. 
Published  by  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY, 
6SS  So.  Sherman  St.,  Chicago. 

Entered  as  Second-Class  Matter  October  8,  1892,  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  under  Act  of  March  3,  1879. 

Vol.  LVIII.      JANUARY  16,  1915        No.  686 


CONTEXTS. 


PAGE 

.  37 


AN  AMERICAN  LITERATUEE     .     .     . 

CASUAL  COMMENT 39 

Nature-study  transmuted  into  literature. — 
The  mind's  gambol. — A  Mark  Twain  of  the 
Ghetto. —  Bibliopathology. 

COMMUNICATIONS     .     . 40 

A  Blast  from  London.    Ezra  Pound. 
Entertaining    Genius    Unawares.      Robert    J. 
Shores. 

SOME     LESS     AUTOCRATIC     ASPECTS     OF 

"CZAR"  REED.     Percy  F.  Biclcnell    .     .  42 

NEW   BOOKS   ABOUT    THE    WAR.     Frederic 

Austin  Ogg       44 

Gowans's  Selections  from  Treitschke's  Lec- 
tures on  Politics. —  Hausrath's  Treitschke. — 
The  Real  Kaiser. —  Saunders's  Builder  and 
Blunderer. — Frobenius's  The  German  Empire's 
Hour  of  Destiny. —  Bourdon's  The  German 
Enigma. —  Von  Mach's  What  Germany  Wants. 
— •  Hart's  The  War  in  Europe. —  Gibbons's  The 
New  Map  of  Europe. 

PLAYS  OF  TO-DAY  AND  YESTERDAY.    Homer 

E.  Woodbridge 47 

Brownell's  The  Unseen  Empire. —  Francis's 
Change. —  Lawrence's  The  Widowing  of  Mrs. 
Holroyd. —  Williams's  "And  So  They  Were 
Married."  —  Robinson's  Van  Zorn. —  Tagore's 
The  King  of  the  Dark  Chamber. —  Clark's 
Three  Modern  Plays  from  the  French. — 
Andreyev's  Plays. —  Barrie's  Half  Hours. 

WORRY  AND  MODERN  LIFE.    M.  V.  O'Shea    .  50 

RECENT  FICTION.    Lucian  Gary 52 

George's  The  Second  Blooming. —  Mackenzie's 
Sinister  Street. —  Nexo's  Pelle  the  Conqueror. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 53 

A  richly  illustrated  history  of  Colonial 
churches. — Autobiography  of  a  woman  terror- 
ist.—  The  promise  of  Mr.  Bertrand  Russell's 
philosophy. — An  American  Tory  and  wit. — The 
music  of  Russia. —  Mrs.  Panknurst's  apologia 
pro  vita  sua. —  Book-collections  in  earliest 
times. —  Paris  in  time  of  anarchy. —  The 
teacher  of  the  German  secondary  school. — • 
The  education  of  girls. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 59 

NOTES 59 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS     ,  .  60 


AN  AMERICAN  LITERATURE. 


Professor  Brander  Matthews  is  of  the  opin- 
ion that  American  literature  has  no  existence 
apart  from  English  literature.  His  opinion, 
since  he  is  nothing  if  not  orthodox  in  his  view 
of  literature,  is  probably  that  of  the  majority 
of  those  who  have  considered  the  point.  We 
are  inclined  to  agree  with  him  as  to  the  fact. 
But  Professor  Matthews  offers  an  explanation 
which  is  something  more  than  an  interpreta- 
tion of  history.  It  is  a  bold  prophecy  of  the 
future.  And  who  agrees  with  a  prophet? 

Professor  Matthews  says,  in  his  Introduc- 
tion to  "The  Oxford  Book  of  American 
Essays,"  that: 

"  Of  course,  when  we  consider  it  carefully  we 
cannot  fail  to  see  that  the  literature  of  a  language 
is  one  and  indivisible  and  that  the  nativity  or  the 
domicile  of  those  who  make  it  matters  nothing. 
Just  as  Alexandrian  literature  is  Greek,  so  Amer- 
ican literature  is  English;  and  as  Theocritus  de- 
mands inclusion  in  any  account  of  Greek  literature, 
so  Thoreau  cannot  be  omitted  from  any  history  of 
English  literature  as  a  whole.  The  works  of 
Anthony  Hamilton  and  Rousseau,  Mme.  de  Stael 
and  M.  Maeterlinck  are  not  more  indisputably  a 
part  of  the  literature  of  the  French  language  than 
the  works  of  Franklin  and  Emerson,  of  Hawthorne 
and  Poe  are  part  of  the  literature  of  the  English 
language." 

In  other  words,  American  literature  is  a  part 
of  English  literature  and  must  always  and 
inevitably  continue  to  be  so  —  unless  we  on 
this  side  of  the  Atlantic  should  develop  a  new 
language. 

It  is  only  fair  to  add  that  after  having  thus 
denied  the  possibility  of  nationality  in  litera- 
ture (within  the  same  language),  Professor 
Matthews  goes  on  to  admit  that  owing  to  a 
slight  difference  in  the  social  atmosphere  and 
the  social  organization  of  the  United  States 
there  is  "an  indefinable  and  intangible  flavor 
which  distinguishes"  Franklin,  Emerson, 
Walt  Whitman,  and  Mark  Twain  from  Steele, 
Carlyle,  Browning,  and  Lamb ;  that  the  writ- 
ers of  this  country  "cannot  help  having  the 
note  of  their  own  nationality."  But  it  is  evi- 
dent that  he  considers  the  difference  subtle 
rather  than  important. 

Whether  the  difference  is  important  or  not 
depends  on  whether  it  is  now  as  great  as  it 
will  ever  be.  It  has  not  in  the  least  occurred 


38 


THE    DIAI, 


[Jan.  16 


to  Professor  Matthews  that  the  time  may  come 
when  life  in  the  United  States  will  be  as  differ- 
ent from  life  in  the  British  Isles  as  life  in 
Russia  now  is.  But  that  is  among  the  possi- 
bilities of  the  future. 

An  identity  of  language  may  be  the  strong- 
est connection  between  two  nations.  Language 
is  the  mother  of  ideas;  indeed,  words  are 
ideas.  To  own  the  same  language  has  always 
meant  to  own  the  same  feeling  about  funda- 
mental things.  However  greatly  the  next  cen- 
tury may  change  either  the  Americans  or  the 
English,  they  will  tend  strongly  to  remain 
together  in  their  conception  of  life,  not 
merely  because  many  of  the  same  forces  will 
act  upon  both  but  because  each  will  so  easily 
communicate  and  exchange  with  the  other. 

Nevertheless,  there  are  political,  geograph- 
ical, and  racial  factors  which  may  profoundly 
modify  our  present  likeness  to  England.  The 
case  of  politics,  particularly  of  international 
relations,  has  been  discussed  so  much  that  we 
need  only  mention  it.  The  great  war  in  Eu- 
rope may  not  affect  us  in  any  direct  or  impor- 
tant way ;  it  may  not  greatly  affect  the  future 
of  the  British  Isles.  But  the  possibilities  are 
obvious  enough.  The  effects  of  geographical 
conditions  on  national  character  have  only 
begun  to  be  studied,  and  are  little  understood ; 
but  the  idea  that  the  climate  of  the  United 
States  is  producing  an  American  type,  distinct 
from  the  British,  may  be  something  more  than 
an  academic  theory;  and  climate  is  only  one 
of  several  aspects  of  geography.  The  part 
which  race  plays  in  making  national  character 
is,  of  course,  the  most  important ;  and  nothing 
is  clearer  than  that  the  blood  of  the  American 
people  is  no  longer  the  blood  of  the  British 
Isles. 

It  is  true  that  the  English,  Scotch,  and  Irish 
founded  the  republic ;  and  their  ideas — politi- 
cal, social,  and  moral  —  still  dominate  it.  The 
twenty  or  thirty  American  essayists  whom 
Professor  Matthews  has  included  in  his  an- 
thology are  those  of  men  whose  ancestors  came 
from  the  British  Isles.  And  if  twTo  of  the  most 
inexcusable  defects  of  his  choice  wrere  cor- 
rected, the  omission  of  Mark  Twain  and  the 
inclusion  of  Mr.  Nicholas  Murray  Butler,  this 
fact  would  not  be  altered.  Indeed,  it  is  a  typi- 
cal fact.  American  writers  have  so  far  been 
quite  as  English  in  blood  as  they  have  been  in 
language.  The  same  could  be  said  of  nineteen 
out  of  twenty  Americans  distinguished  by 
other  than  literary  achievement  from  1776  to 


now.  It  could  almost  be  said  of  the  educated 
classes.  The  proportion  of  English  names  in 
a  list  of  the  undergraduates  at  Dartmouth  or 
Princeton  or  Harvard  is  still  large,  though  not 
as  large  as  it  was.  It  is  only  when  one  exam- 
ines the  roll  of  Columbia,  where  Jewish  names 
are  very  numerous;  or  of  Wisconsin,  where  it 
is  German  names ;  or  of  Minnesota,  where  it  is 
Norse  names,  that  the  coming  change  is  appar- 
ent. The  immigrants  from  the  south  of 
Europe,  even  the  Russians,  will  be  slower  to 
send  their  sons  and  daughters  to  the  universi- 
ties than  the  immigrants  of  Teutonic  stock 
have  been.  But  whether  they  send  them  or 
not,  they  will  need  only  to  remain  here  to 
modify  us. 

The  battle  of  ideas  is  never  still.  We  think 
of  the  German  citizens  of  this  country  as 
differing  with  the  older  American  stock  only 
in  respect  to  the  institution  of  beer,  of  the 
Norse  peoples  as  distinguished  by  no  differ- 
ence of  custom  or  ideas,  of  the  Jews  as  a  race 
peculiarly  adaptable ;  and  as  for  the  Italians, 
the  Greeks,  the  Slavs  —  we  think  they  do 
not  count  at  all.  We  should  know  better. 
We  should  realize  that  when  "Who's  Who" 
no  longer  presents  a  preponderance  of  Brit- 
ish names,  American  institutions  will  have 
changed. 

But  in  addition  to  the  battle  of  ideas  there 
is  the  struggle  of  blood,  which  is  only  occasion- 
ally fought  out  with  rifles  as  it  is  now  being 
fought  out  in  Europe.  All  the  wrhite  races 
represented  in  America  are  beginning  to  in- 
termarry. But  biology  does  not  promise  that 
the  result  will  be  a  composite  type  in  which 
the  characters  we  call  Anglo-Saxon  will 
predominate.  We  in  America  may  remain 
descendants  of  British  ancestors  in  those  char- 
acters which  we  care  most  about,  we  may 
continue  our  present  institutions  —  though  it 
is  to  be  hoped  that  we  shall  be  able  to  ex- 
change some  of  them  for  better  ones  —  but  we 
have  no  guarantee  that  this  is  in  the  nature  of 
things.  Indeed,  we  know  that  there  is  no 
assimilation  of  races  without  modification. 
We  cannot  be  certain  that  so  much  as  the 
language  will  remain  to  us.  Our  vernacular 
may  be  so  modified  that  there  will  be  more 
difference  between  the  speech  of  an  American 
and  an  Englishman  than  there  is  now  between 
the  speech  of  an  Italian  and  a  Spaniard. 

But  long  before  that  happens  we  shall  have 
begun  to  produce  an  American  literature  dis- 
tinct from  English  literature. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


39 


CASUAL  COMMENT. 

NATURE-STUDY  TRANSMUTED  INTO  LITERA- 
TURE is  what  the  reader  finds,  to  his  delight, 
in  the  books  of  such  gifted  naturalists  as 
White  of  Selborne,  Richard  Jefferies,  Tho- 
reau,  Professor  Fabre,  Mr.  John  Burroughs, 
and  that  other  John  so  commonly  associated 
with  "John  of  the  birds,"  namely,  John 
Muir,  or  "John  of  the  mountains."  Wide- 
spread is  the  regret  caused  by  the  death,  on 
the  day  before  Christmas,  of  the  famous  dis- 
coverer of  glaciers,  explorer  of  the  wilds  of 
many  lands,  geologist,  naturalist,  and  writer 
(of  too  few  books).  Mr.  Muir  was  born  at 
Dunbar,  Scotland,  April  21,  1838;  received 
a  Spartan  upbringing  at  the  hands  of  a 
father  who  belonged  decidedly  to  the  old 
school;  migrated  with  that  parent  and  a 
brother  and  sister  to  this  country  in  1849, 
rural  Wisconsin  being  the  goal  of  their  pil- 
grimage ;  won  for  himself  a  university  educa- 
tion, or  such  branches  thereof  as  appealed  to 
him,  at  Madison;  and  thereafter  became  a 
wandering  student  of  the  wonders  of  the  uni- 
verse as  displayed  in  more  or  less  accessible 
quarters  of  this  planet.  Honorary  degrees 
and  society  memberships  and  other  distinc- 
tions came  to  him  unsought,  in  sufficient 
abundance,  and  his  name  as  author  is  at- 
tached to  "The  Mountains  of  California," 
"Our  National  Parks,"  "Stickeen,  the  Story 
of  a  Dog,"  "My  First  Summer  in  the 
Sierra,"  "The  Yosemite,"  and  the  extremely 
interesting  account  of  his  boyhood  and  youth 
which  was  the  last  book  to  come  from  his 
hand,  though  his  fertility  in  magazine  and 
other  periodical  articles  continued  to  a  later 
•date.  But  he  wras  too  restless,  too  eager  to  be 
doing  and  seeing,  to  submit  willingly  to  the 
drudgery,  as  he  regarded  it,  of  authorship. 
Perhaps  he  acquired  an  early  distaste  for  the 
printed  page,  as  contrasted  with  the  mar- 
vellous book  of  nature,  under  the  harsh 
discipline  of  his  Dunbar  schoolmaster,  who 
compelled  him  to  learn  Latin  and  French  and 
English  grammars  by  heart,  and  of  his  father, 
who  piled  on  top  of  that  an  immense  amount 
of  Bible-reading,  making  the  boy  commit  to 
memory  so  many  verses  every  day  that,  as 
the  victim  himself  says,  in  terms  that  are 
hardly  credible,  by  the  time  he  was  eleven 
years  old  he  "had  about  three-fourths  of  the 
Old  Testament  and  all  of  the  New  by  heart 
and  by  sore  flesh.  I  could,"  he  continues, 
"  recite  the  New  Testament  from  the  begin- 
ning of  Matthew  to  the  end  of  Revelation 
without  a  single  stop" — which,  if  true,  would 
put  even  Macaulay's  feats  of  memory  in  the 
shade.  But  all  this  was  a  weariness  and  a  vexa- 
tion to  the  outdoor  enthusiast  who,  when  his 


father  told  him  and  his  brother  Davy  that 
they  need  not  learn  their  lessons  for  the  next 
day,  for  they  were  "gan  to  America  thel 
morn,"  looked  forward  with  ecstasy  to  the 
land  where  there  was  ' '  no  more  grammar,  but 
boundless  woods  full  of  mysterious  good 
things,  trees  full  of  sugar,  growing  in  ground 
full  of  gold;  hawks,  eagles,  pigeons,  filling 
the  sky;  millions  of  birds'  nests,  and  no 
gamekeepers  to  stop  us  in  all  the  wild,  happy 
land."  .  ..  . 

THE  MIND  's  GAMBOL  is  not  the  least  of  intel- 
lectual recreations.  It  is  a  pastime  in  which 
many  a  nimble-witted  writer  has  found  keen 
delight,  to  the  no  small  enjoyment  of  his 
readers.  Walter  Bagehot  confessed  his  love 
for  playing  with  his  mind,  as  he  phrased  it. 
Emily  Dickinson's  wit  was  what  her  sister,  in 
writing  of  her  soon  after  her  death,  called 
"a  Damascus  blade  gleaming  and  glancing  in 
the  sun."  Colonel  Higginson,  her  correspon- 
dent and  trusted  friend  for  a  quarter  of  a 
century,  wrote  of  her  fondness  for  "phrases 
so  emphasized  as  to  seem  very  wantonness 
of  over-statement,  as  if  she  pleased  herself 
with  putting  into  words  what  the  most  ex- 
travagant might  possibly  think  without  say- 
ing."  Her  niece,  in  selecting  and  editing 
some  passages  of  intimate  correspondence  for 
the  current  "Atlantic,"  says  that  "the  joy  of 
mere  words  was  to  Aunt  Emily  like  red  and 
yellow  balls  to  the  juggler,"  and  speaks  felici- 
tously of  ' '  the  gambol  of  her  mind  on  paper, ' ' 
and  of  her  pen  "scarcely  hitting  the  paper 
long  enough  to  make  her  communication  intel- 
ligible." One  might  liken  her  style  to  the 
humming-bird,  come  and  gone  with  a  flash 
and  a  whir  —  "a  resonance  of  emerald,  a  rush 
of  cochineal,"  as  she  herself  expresses  it  in 
some  exquisite  lines  on  that  coruscating  epi- 
tome of  life  and  fire.  Characteristic  was  her 
shy  way  of  communicating  by  little  scraps  of 
letters  with  her  brother's  family  next  door, 
"a  hedge  away,"  as  she  put  it,  and  separated 
by  a  lawn  ' '  crossed  by  a  ribbon  path  just  wide 
enough  for  two  who  love."  From  the  above- 
mentioned  epistolary  fragments  a  few  spark- 
ling bits  may  here  be  not  out  of  place.  Their 
epigram  sometimes  verges  on  obscurity;  but 
to  be  obscure,  argues  Coleridge,  is  sometimes 
complimentary  to  the  reader.  Here  is  a  cryp- 
tic passage:  "To  do  a  magnanimous  thing 
and  take  one's  self  by  surprise,  if  one  is  not 
in  the  habit  of  him,  is  precisely  the  finest 
of  joys.  Not  to  do  a  magnanimous  thing, 
notwithstanding  it  never  be  known,  notwith- 
standing it  cost  us  existence,  is  rapture  her- 
self spurn."  And  again:  "To  the  faithful, 
absence  is  condensed  presence.  To  the  others 
—  but  there  are  no  others."  To  an  absent 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan.  16 


friend  she  writes:     "So  busy  missing  you  I 
have  not  tasted    Spring.     Should   there   be 
other  Aprils  we  will  perhaps  dine."     Her 
oddly  apposite  choice  of  adjectives  is  almost 
startling.    A  little  nephew  is  told  by  her  that 
"Vinnie  and  Grandma  and  Maggie  all  give 
their  love,  Pussy  her  striped  respects."    Often 
her  little  message  takes  the  form  of  verse. 
Here  is  a  picture  of  ineluctable  fate : 
"  It  stole  along  so  stealthy, 
Suspicion  it  was  done 
Was  dim  as  to  the  wealthy 
Beginning  not  to  own." 
•    •    • 

A  MARK  TWAIN  OF  THE  GHETTO  —  Solo- 
mon Rabinowitz  is  his  name,  Sholom  Alei- 
chem  his  pseudonym  —  is  writing  for  the 
Yiddish  press  of  New  York  stories  that  are 
said  to  be  the  delight  of  their  readers;  but 
Yiddish  is  so  little  familiar  to  the  majority  of 
New  Yorkers,  and  of  Americans  in  general, 
that  it  grieves  one  to  think  of  the  number  of 
laughs  and  chuckles  that  will  die  unborn  for 
the  lack  of  a  wiser  choice,  on  Mr.  Rabinowitz 's 
part,  in  selecting  his  literary  vehicle.  From 
his  home  city  comes  the  report  that  he  found 
himself  interned  (to  all  practical  purposes) 
in  Germany  last  summer  by  the  outbreak  of 
the  war,  and  it  was  only  when  his  admirers 
on  Manhattan  Island,  learning  of  his  plight 
and  bewailing  the  enforced  suspension  of  his 
contribution  to  their  merriment,  clubbed  to- 
gether and  effected  his  deliverance,  that  he 
was  able  to  return  to  these  shores  and  resume 
his  literary  activities.  In  a  passage,  ostensi- 
bly autobiographic,  translated  for  the  Boston 
"Transcript,"  he  says:  "I  am  a  Droschnar, 
which  means  I  came  from  Droschna,  a  small 
town  of  the  Poliver  district  —  a  very  small 
town.  To-day  Droschna  is  already  a  city, 
with  trains  and  a  railroad  station.  When  it 
became  a  railroad  station  the  whole  world 
envied  us.  Just  think !  a  railroad !  Every- 
body thought  it  was  a  godsend,  a  chance  of 
making  a  living.  We  would  all  grow  rich,  all 
begin  shovelling  gold.  Jews  from  the  sur- 
rounding villages  began  pouring  into  the  city. 
The  inhabitants  began  rebuilding  their  houses 
and  enlarging  their  stores;  the  tax  on  meat 
was  raised.  We  began  to  think  of  getting  a 
new  butcher,  of  building  a  new  synagogue, 
and  of  putting  aside  another  field  for  a  ceme- 
tery. All  in  all,  it  was  a  great  time."  A 
touch  of  Mark  Twain  makes  itself  felt  in  the 
cemetery  enterprise,  but  probably  this  author 
would  like  better  to  be  commended  for  his 
own  merits  than  for  any  borrowed  (even  un- 
consciously borrowed)  excellence.  His  fun 
seems  to  be  all  his  own,  at  times  not  over- 
refined,  but  what  great  humorist  has  escaped 
that  criticism? 


BIBLIOPATHOLOGY,  if  the  word  is  allowable, 
was  the  subject  of  some  characteristic  re- 
marks from  Dr.  Samuel  McChord  Crothers  in 
a  recent  talk  before  the  Springfield  (Mass.) 
Women's  Club.  Playfully  posing  as  the 
mouthpiece  of  his  friend  Bagster,  founder  of 
the  Bibliopathic  Institute  for  the  Book  Treat- 
ment, the  speaker  discoursed  entertainingly 
and  wittily  on  "The  Therapeutic  Value  of 
Literature."  A  new  definition  of  literature 
was,  in  passing,  struck  out  somewhat  as  fol- 
lows :  ' '  Literature  is  a  vast  stock  of  thoughts 
in  a  variety  of  forms  that  have  been  thought 
over  by  interesting  people  and  have  become 
so  organized  that  they  are  not  only  food  but 
medicine  for  others."  Considering  a  book  as 
a  literary  prescription  put  up  by  a  competent 
person,  the  lecturer  goes  on  to  say  that  "a 
proper  prescription  contains  four  constitu- 
ents,—  a  basis,  or  chief  ingredient,  an  adju- 
tant to  assist  the  action,  a  corrective  to  lessen 
any  evil  effects,  and  a  vehicle  to  make  it  suit- 
able for  administration  and  pleasant  to  the 
patient.  These  constituents  may  be  used  to 
test  the  literary  style  of  books.  For  instance, 
Henry  James,  one  of  whose  sentences  may  be 
read  at  one  sitting,  has  a  sound  basis,  with 
parenthetical  clauses  to  provide  the  vehicle,  a 
corrective  to  lessen  any  evil  effects,  but  lacks 
the  adjutant  to  quicken  the  action."  In 
similar  pleasant  vein  the  speaker  observes  that 
"the  young  people  of  each  generation  are  the 
poison  squad  for  the  new  books.  If  they  sur- 
vive, then  the  older  people,  whose  maxim  is 
'safety  first,'  begin  to  take  up  the  same  books. 
Then  there  are  the  counter-irritants,  often 
confused  with  true  stimulants.  A  counter- 
irritant  makes  the  patient  forget  irritation  in 
one  part  of  the  body  by  creating  disturbance 
in  another  part.  In  medicine,  mustard  and 
turpentine  are  counter-irritants;  in  literary 
values  George  Bernard  Shaw  is  the  best 
counter-irritant.  This  is  the  type  of  book  that 
makes  you  feel  bad  in  a  new  spot.  They 
make  you  see  yourself  as  those  see  you  who 
don't  like  you." 


COMMUNICATIONS. 

A  BLAST  FROM  LONDON. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
It  is  interesting,  as  it  is  perhaps  flattering,  to  see 
myself  bracketed  with  the  late  Lord  Tennyson  (in 
your  leader  of  November  1  on  "  The  Younger  Gen- 
eration "  as  a  sort  of  alternate  cock-shy  for  warring 
poets,  but  I  cannot  admit  that  you  have  accurately 
denned  the  issue.  This  issue  as  I  see  it  is  not 
whether  young  poets  "  believe  "  in  me  or  in  Tenny- 
son, but  whether  or  no  they  believe  that  poetry  had 
traditions,  even  traditional  freedoms  before,  say, 
1876 ;  whether  poetry  is  good  or  bad  according  to 


1915] 


THE    DIAJL 


41 


some  standard  derivable  from  the  full  mass  of 
poetry  of  Greece  and  China  and  France  and  the 
world  generally,  or  whether  poetry  is  good  or  bad 
according  to  the  taste  of  American  magazine  editors 
of  1876. 

I  still  preserve  the  illusion  that  there  once  were 
American  magazine  editors  who  cared  for  litera- 
ture, as  they  conceived  it.  It  may  be  that  I  am 
wrong,  and  that  they  have  uniformly  held  the  com- 
mercial viewpoint,  Avhich  some  of  them  now  openly 
hold.  It  may  be  sheer  idiotic  idealism  to  contend 
that  the  editors  of  papers  like  "Harper's  Magazine" 
and  "  The  Century  Magazine  "  are  in  positions  of 
some  power,  and  that  their  position  entails  some 
responsibility  both  to  the  public  and  to  creative 
genius.  In  actual  working  I  find  that  there  can  be, 
apparently,  no  truce  between  any  of  the  honest 
men  of  my  generation  and  these  magazines.  One 
finds  editorial  ignorance,  and  callousness  to  any 
standards  save  the  fashion  of  1876.  One  finds  a 
rooted  prejudice,  a  sheer  cliff  of  refusal,  against 
"matter  too  unfamiliar  to  our  readers."  That 
phrase  is  used  over  and  over  again.  A  public  that 
took  as  much  interest  in  good  literature  as  it  takes 
in  the  tariff  on  wool,  would  drive  out  any  editor 
who  thus  should  set  himself  against  all  invention, 
all  innovation,  and  all  discovery. 

There  is  no  culture  that  is  not  at  least  bilingual. 
We  find  an  American  editor  (whom  it  would,  of 
course,  be  a  breach  of  confidence  to  name)  who 
in  1912  or  1913  writes  of  Henri  de  Regnier  and 
M.  Remy  de  Gourmont  as  "these  young  men." 
The  rest  of  his  sentence  is  to  say  that  their  work  is 
unknown  to  him.  Note  that  this  lacuna  in  his 
mental  decorations  does  not  in  the  least  chagrin 
him.  He  has  no  desire  to  add  to  his  presumably 
superabundant  knowledge.  To  say  that  the  letters 
of  a  certain  editor  now  admitted  incompetent 
(even  in  America)  and  after  long  years  dismissed, 
used  to  be  handed  about  London  as  examples  of  the 
incredibly  ridiculous,  is  putting  it  mildly. 

No,  cher  m.onsieur,  you  put  it  wrongly  when  you 
say  the  young  poets  seem  to  care  whether  one 
believe  in  me  or  in  Tennyson.  You  should  write, 
they  care  whether  or  no  one  has  considered  the 
standards  of  excellence  to  be  found  in  Villon  and 
the  Greek  anthology ;  they  care  whether  the  editors 
who  criticize  them  have  ever  heard  of  Stendhal; 
whether  one  believe  that  verse  should  be  as  well 
written  as  prose ;  whether  an  author  should  be  him- 
self or  a  mimicry. 

Anent  which,  take  two  sentences  from  the  edito- 
rials of  "  The  Century  Magazine."  Note  that  the 
<!new  editor"  of  this  magazine  has  been  recom- 
mended to  me  as  a  "progressive."  Here  are  his 
words : 

"  We  wish  to  make  the  fiction  in  this  magazine  come 
as  near  to  truth  as  circumstances  permit  .  .  ." 

Shades  of  Flaubert,  and  Stendhal,  and  of  every 
honest  creator  in  letters  ]  I 
Second  example: 

"  The  contributors  make  the  magazine  and  the 
magazine  makes  the  contributors." 

There's  another  nice  chance  for  literature  to  come 
through  the  magazines.  Has  any  first-class  work 
of  any  sort  ever  been  done  to  the  specifications  of  a 


machine?  And  a  machine  for  pleasing  the  popu- 
lace at  that  I 

No,  cher  monsieur,  leave  my  name  and  my  per- 
sonal reputation  out  of  it.  Ask  whether  the 
younger  generation  wants  America  to  produce  real 
literature  or  whether  they  want  America  to  con- 
tinue, as  she  is  at  the  present  moment,  n  joke,  a 
byword  for  the  ridiculous  in  literature,  and  the 
younger  generation  will  answer  you. 

Investigate  the  standards  and  the  vitality  of  the 
standards  of  the  "best  editorial  offices,"  and  see 
what  spirit  you  find  there.  See  whether  they 
believe  that  art  is,  in  any  measure,  discovery.  See 
whether  there  is  any  care  for  good  letters,  even  if 
they  care  enough  for  good  letters  to  be  in  any  way 
concerned  in  trying  to  find  out  what  makes,  and 
what  makes  for,  good  letters. 

Bej'ond  this  it  seems  to  me  that  you  make  a  mis- 
take in  dubbing  Mr.  Henry  James,  for  instance,  an 
European.  A  deal  of  his  work  is  about  American 
subjects.  Is  a  man  less  a  citizen  because  he  cares 
enough  for  letters  to  leave  a  country  where  the 
practice  of  them  is,  or  at  least  seems,  well-nigh 
impossible,  in  order  that  he  may  bequeath  a  heri- 
tage of  good  letters,  even  to  the  nation  which  has 
borne  him? 

It  is  not  that  the  younger  generation  has  not 
tried  to  exist  "  at  home."  It  is  that  after  years  of 
struggle,  one  by  one,  they  come  abroad,  or  send 
their  manuscripts  abroad  for  recognition;  that 
they  find  themselves  in  the  pages  even  of  the 
"  stolid  and  pre- Victorian  '  Quarterly '  "  before 
"hustling  and  modern  America"  has  arrived  at 
tolerance  for  their  modernity.  EzRA  PouND 

London,  December  26,  1914. 


ENTERTAINING  GENIUS  UNAWARES. 

(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
An  employer,  in  search  of  clerks,  looked  through 
the  "  situations  wanted "  column  of  a  New  York 
newspaper  the  other  day  and  remarked,  "  When  I 
see  the  number  of  men  who  advertise  for  a  position 
'  at  anything '  and  urge  as  a  reason  for  their 
employment,  the  fact  that  they  speak  three  or  more 
languages,  I  feel  less  ashamed  of  the  fact  that  I  am 
a  man  of  one  tongue."  This  is  American  reasoning 
right  enough.  If  an  accomplishment  can  not  be 
converted  into  dollars  and  cents,  it  seems  to  us  a 
useless  possession.  We  prefer  to  read  our  foreign 
books  in  translation,  and  there  is  no  doubt  but  that 
the  professional  translator  usually  gets  more  out  of 
a  foreign  author  than  we  ourselves  could  extract 
with  the  aid  of  a  phrase-book  and  a  bi-lingual  dic- 
tionary. There  are  times,  however,  when  our  igno- 
rance of  foreign  literature  becomes  so  obvious  as  to 
be  embarrassing.  When  Senor  Ruben  Dario  ar- 
rived in  New  York  not  long  ago,  we  went  about 
asking  one  another,  "  Who  is  this  Dario,  and  what 
has  he  done?"  And  this  same  Dario  is  the  fore- 
most poet  in  the  Spanish  tongue  to-day,  author  of 
some  twenty-odd  books  of  poetry  and  prose,  and 
acknowledged  a  classic  writer  by  all  Spanish- 
speaking  peoples.  ROBERT  j  gH()REg> 

New  York  City,  January  2, 1915. 


42 


THE    DIAL, 


[Jan. 16 


SOME  LESS  AUTOCRATIC  ASPECTS  OF 
"CzAR"  REED.* 


It  is  twelve  years  since  Thomas  B.  Reed's 
sudden  and  too-early  death,  and  a  few  years 
more  since  he  ceased,  by  his  own  choice,  to  be 
a  conspicuous  figure  in  our  national  govern- 
ment; but  popular  interest  in  his  decidedly 
original  yet  typically  American  personality 
is  still  strong  enough  to  ensure  a  welcome  to 
Mr.  Samuel  W.  McCall's  biography  of  the 
man,  which  has  just  appeared  under  the 
sanction  and  with  the  cooperation  of  sur- 
viving members  of  the  Reed  family.  Mr. 
McCall's  twenty  years  in  Congress  and  the 
Maine  statesman 's  term  of  service  in  the  same 
legislative  body  overlapped  by  six  years; 
the  two  represented  the  same  political  party 
and  had  much  in  common  in  their  political 
views  and  their  high  ideals  of  national  policy ; 
and  therefore  the  younger  is  by  no  means 
unqualified  to  give  a  genuinely  appreciative 
account  of  the  other's  achievements  in  public 
life.  It  is  this  public  rather  than  the  more 
personal  and  private  side  of  Mr.  Reed  that 
receives  especial  attention  in  the  book,  and 
such  a  survey  naturally  involves  some  discus- 
sion of  the  more  important  political  questions 
with  which  he  was  concerned,  though  the 
biographer  has  shown  commendable  restraint 
in  subordinating  his  own  opinions  to  the 
presentation  of  those  held  by  the  subject  of 
his  biography. 

Reed's  large  and  richly  endowed  nature 
had  qualities  that  remind  us  now  of  one  and 
now  of  another  illustrious  character  of  his 
own  or  of  an  earlier  time.  In  Yankee  shrewd- 
ness, the  apt  use  of  homely  illustration,  readi- 
ness with  a  timely  Biblical  phrase  or  allusion, 
and,  with  it  all,  a  sturdy  advocacy  of  fair 
play,  he  was  not  unlike  Lincoln,  whom  he  was 
fond  of  quoting,  on  occasion,  as  when,  in  argu- 
ing against  our  Philippine  policy,  he  cited 
Lincoln's  "government  of  the  people,  by  the 
people,  for  the  people."  Like  Lincoln,  he 
first  made  his  mark  as  a  country  lawyer,  and 
he  sat  in  his  state  legislature  before  passing 
to  a  more  honored  seat  in  Congress.  Like 
Lincoln,  too,  he  served  his  country  in  time  of 
war — though  it  was  in  the  navy,  as  acting 
assistant  paymaster  on  board  a  gunboat,  not 
in  a  land  campaign  against  the  Indians  — 
and  he  likewise  indulged  in  subsequent 
humorous  reference  to  his  martial  exploits. 
In  certain  other  aspects,  not  those  of  the 
statesman,  he  irresistibly  suggests  Mark 

*  THE  LIFE  OF  THOMAS  BRACKETT  REED.  By  Samuel  W. 
McCall.  Illustrated.  Boston:  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 


Twain,  with  whom  he  enjoyed  a  close  friend- 
ship in  his  last  years.  He  had  Mr.  Clemens 's 
habit  of  making  his  wife  his  confidant  and 
adviser  in  the  larger  affairs  of  his  calling. 
"She  became  his  best  critic,  whose  judgment 
he  sought  and  followed, ' '  says  his  biographer. 
"It  was  his  habit  to  rehearse  to  her  what- 
ever he  wrote  or  proposed  to  speak  upon 
important  occasions.  Among  his  unpublished 
manuscripts  is  one,  brilliant  but  rather  de- 
nunciatory in  tone,  which  bears  upon  it  the 
note  in  his  handwriting,  'Not  published,  by 
order  of  madam.'  '  How  many  a  Mark 
Twain  manuscript  met  with  a  similar  fate  at 
the  hands  of  the  judicious  Mrs.  Clemens! 
Curiously  alike,  also,  the  two  men  seem  to 
have  been  in  some  of  those  minor  preferences 
that  betray  character.  Mark  Twain's  fond- 
ness for  his  pet  cats  and  kittens  is  notorious. 
Reed's  relish  for  certain  characteristic  quali- 
ties in  Tabby  and  Tom  was  evident.  A  paper 
prepared  by  him  on  "Our  Cat"  (Anthony, 
originally  called  Cleopatra,  until  it  was  dis- 
covered that  this  name  was  inappropriate) 
has  passages  that  might  have  been  written  by 
his  illustrious  contemporary.  Like  the  au- 
thor of  "The  Innocents  Abroad,"  Reed  was 
"an  indefatigable  sightseer,"  with  a  lively 
interest  in  foreign  lands  and  a  zest  for  for- 
eign travel.  On  one  occasion  at  least  the  two 
men  enjoyed  an  extended  cruise  in  each 
other's  company  in  domestic  waters,  at  the 
invitation  of  their  common  friend,  H.  H. 
Rogers,  owner  of  the  yacht ' '  Kanawha. ' '  For 
details  see  Mr.  Paine 's  biography  of  Mark 
Twain,  and  chapter  twenty-two  of  the  book 
under  review. 

The  record  of  Reed's  college  course  at  Bow- 
doin  shows  him  to  have  been  a  good  scholar 
without  strenuous  effort,  and  a  participant  in 
all  wholesome  student  activities,  a  member  of 
his  class  crew,  one  of  the  editors  of  the  college 
paper,  active  in  a  local  chess  club,  and  mighty 
in  debate,  being  one  of  the  leading  spirits  in 
the  Bowdoin  Debating  Club  as  well  as  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Peucinian  Society, 
where  this  form  of  intellectual  athletics  was 
cultivated.  Thrown  partly  upon  his  own 
resources  for  the  payment  of  his  college  bills, 
he  used  to  teach  district  school  in  the  winter 
vacation,  as  was  then  the  approved  custom  of 
impecunious  and  ambitious  collegians.  But 
even  with  the  best  of  will  to  make  his  way 
through  and  win  his  diploma,  he  found  him- 
self so  nearly  stranded  toward  the  end  of  his 
senior  year  that  he  had  accepted  the  necessity 
of  leaving  college  without  a  degree  when 
assistance  was  offered  by  "William  Pitt  Fes- 
senden,  father  of  Reed's  room-mate,  and 
gratefully  accepted.  This  timely  provision  of 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


43 


funds  was,  of  course,  not  forgotten  by  the 
beneficiary,  who  early  repaid  the  loan  with 
interest.  School-teaching,  law-study,  and 
naval  service  filled  the  first  few  years  after 
his  graduation,  but  in  1865  he  established 
himself  in  his  native  city  of  Portland  as  a 
practising  lawyer,  and  less  than  three  years 
later  entered  upon  that  course  of  political 
activity  which  was  destined  to  extend  nearly 
to  the  end  of  his  life.  Successively  repre- 
sentative in  the  Maine  legislature,  senator  in 
the  same  body,  and  attorney-general,  he  re- 
ceived the  nomination  and  election  to  Con- 
gress from  his  district  in  1876,  and  continued 
to  represent  that  district  until  1899.  when  the 
action  of  the  administration  in  taking  on  the 
"last  colonial  curse  of  Spain"  found  him  so 
little  in  sympathy  with  so  un-American  a 
course  that  he  resigned  his  seat  and  retired  to 
private  life.  Referring  to  the  proposed  plan 
of  subjugating  the  Filipinos,  he  said  to  his 
trusted  friend  and  secretary,  Mr.  Asher  C. 
Hinds:  "I  have  tried,  perhaps  not  always 
unsuccessfully,  to  make  the  acts  of  my  public 
life  accord  with  my  conscience,  and  I  can  not 
now  do  this  thing."  This,  too,  when  he  had 
just  been  re-elected  by  the  customary  over- 
whelming majority  to  the  succeeding  Con- 
gress, and  was  sure  of  a  renewal  of  the  speak- 
ership,  an  office  of  which  he  had  once  declared 
that  it  had  but  one  superior  and  no  peer. 
That  one  superior,  of  course,  was  the  presi- 
dency, to  which  he  came  near  being  nominated 
by  the  convention  that  finally  gave  its  vote  to 
McKinley  in  1896. 

Without  following  more  in  detail  the  rise 
of  Reed  from  a  position  of  local  to  one  of 
national  if  not  worldwide  fame,  let  us  add  a 
few  characteristic  utterances  of  his,  as  re- 
corded by  his  faithful  biographer,  and  thus 
fix  in  mind  more  clearly  what  manner  of  man 
he  was  in  his  thought  and  word  and  action. 
From  an  address  delivered  at  Portland  in  his 
earlier  life,  we  select,  partly  for  the  benefit 
of  young  college  graduates,  the  following: 

"  Perhaps  the  most  useless  piece  of  furniture  on 
the  footstool  for  the  first  two  or  three  years  is  the 
college  graduate,  whose  scholarship  was  a  comfort 
to  the  professors  and  an  annoyance  to  his  com- 
petitors. These  years  are  a  worry  to  the  scholar 
himself.  He  has  to  take  all  that  time  to  get  right 
with  the  world,  to  find  the  other  standards  by 
which  he  must  measure  his  efforts,  and  to  realize 
the  nothingness  of  the  honors  he  has  won." 

To  about  the  same  period,  or  to  one  a  little 
earlier,  belongs  a  vigorous  assertion  of  his 
religious  beliefs  and  disbeliefs,  addressed  to 
the  pastor  of  his  church  in  Portland.  There 
is  something  rather  refreshing  in  such  pas- 
sages as  this,  for  example : 


"  I  do  not  believe  in  an  Atonement,  because  I 
cannot  see  its  necessity.  The  whole  idea  strikes 
me  as  artificial.  If  all  our  sins  and  their  effects 
are  to  be  washed  away  by  vicarious  suffering  and 
we  are  to  find  ourselves  pure  and  perfect  when  we 
touch  the  other  shore,  the  problem  of  'Recognition 
in  Heaven'  is  going  to  be  terribly  complicated.  It 
is  needless  perhaps  to  say  that  I  am  not  persuaded 
of  the  'fall  of  man'  j  and  as  for  that  apotheosis  of 
lounging,  the  life  in  the  Garden  of  Eden,  I  believe 
in  it  as  little  as  I  do  in  the  Saturnia  Regna.  If 
that  Paradise  had  ever  existed  and  man  had  grown 
up  in  it,  it  would  have  been  merely  a  Paradise  of 
fools.  It  is  only  by  fighting  the  devil  that  we  ever 
get  to  be  anything." 

In  an  address  on  the  tariff  question,  given 
at  Philadelphia  in  1884,  occurs  a  passage  in 
somewhat  the  same  tone  as  the  foregoing, 
which  is  separated  from  it  by  twenty-one 
years  in  time. 

"  The  forces  of  evil  are  as  continuous  and  deter- 
mined as  the  forces  of  right,  and  I  am  sorry  to  say 
that  right  is  only  right  by  a  very  small  majority 
that  has  got  to  be  kept  up  every  day.  This  world 
is  one  where  we  cannot  always  have  our  own  way. 
There  have  been  times  when  I  have  not  been  able 
to  have  mine.  Therefore  a  good  many  men  that  I 
would  have  liked  to  punish  are  still  flourishing 
upon  the  earth.  Life  is  a  perpetual  source  of  dis- 
appointment. You  can  never  do  what  you  would 
like  to  do.  You  have  always  to  do  the  best  thing 
you  can  do." 

Among  Reed's  papers  after  his  death  was 
found  one  on  the  subject  of  Imperialism,  ap- 
parently written,  says  Mr.  McCall,  during  the 
negotiation  of  the  Treaty  of  Paris  and  while 
McKinley  was  touring  the  West  and  deliver- 
ing orations  on  "Destiny."  Here  is  a  frag- 
ment of  that  paper : 

"  Human  selfishness  pervades  all  human  life.  It 
is  the  mainspring  of  human  action.  Any  man's 
selfishness  would  wreck  all  his  surroundings  were 
it  not  for  the  antidote,  which  is  the  selfishness  of 
all  the  rest.  Therefore  if  men  are  to  be  justly 
governed  they  must  participate  in  government. 
Do  I  mean  to  say  that  all  men  are  of  equal  power? 
No,  they  cannot  be.  But  give  every  man  equal 
rights,  and  intellect  and  wisdom  will  justify  them- 
selves by  persuading  where  they  have  no  power  to 
command." 

A  good,  what  may  even  be  called  a  breath- 
ing, likeness  of  one  eminent  statesman  by 
another  is  offered  to  the  fortunate  reader  of 
this  book.  A  more  "intimate"  biography 
will  perhaps  some  day  be  prepared  by  another 
hand ;  but  meanwhile  we  are  grateful  for  this 
excellent  presentation  of  the  eminent  Speaker. 
PERCY  F.  BICKNELL. 


The  fifth  volume  of  "  The  Dramatic  Works  of 
Gerhart  Hauptmann  "  will  be  published  this  month 
by  Mr.  B.  W.  Huebsch. 


44 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan.  16 


BOOKS  ABOUT  THE  WAR.* 


It  is  not  too  much  to  expect  that  the  present 
war  in  Europe  will  afford  inspiration  and  fur- 
nish subject-matter  for  a  large  number  of  very 
good  books  and  for  a  few  really  great  ones. 
None,  however,  of  the  second  category,  and 
very  few  of  the  first,  have  as  yet  made  their 
appearance.  In  recent  weeks  there  have  come 
into  the  hands  of  the  reviewer  more  than  a 
dozen  books  whose  publication  is  to  be 
ascribed,  with  but  an  exception  or  two,  en- 
tirely to  the  war.  There  is  not  in  the  lot  one 
volume  which  does  not  bear  evidence  of  haste 
in  preparation,  or  in  publication,  or  in  both. 
Some  are  written  in  English  of  which  a  good 
journalist  would  be  ashamed.  Some  are  in- 
complete and  utterly  superficial  treatises  upon 
their  respective  subjects.  Not  one  of  them 
contains  that  useful  and  in  these  days  not 
uncommon  device  known  as  an  index. 

The  country  which  to  date  has  attracted  the 
attention  of  writers  and  publishers  chiefly  is 
Germany.  Whether  or  not  the  Germans  are 
responsible  for  the  war,  their  purposes,  meth- 
ods, and  exploits  comprise  the  most  dynamic 
and  interesting  factors  in  the  situation.  Fur- 
thermore, the  war  literature  which  is  printed 
in  America  or  despatched  across  the  Atlantic 
for  American  consumption  emanates  mainly 
from  English  or  other  quarters  where  the  de- 
sire is  to  describe  the  ambitions,  real  or 
assumed,  of  Germany  in  all  their  iniquity  and 
to  portray  the  German  menace  in  all  its  sup- 
posed seriousness.  Of  authoritative  and  read- 
able English  and  American  books  on  Germany 
there  were  already,  when  the  war  began, 
many.  There  were  studies  of  German  policy, 
surveys  of  German  history,  monographs  on  the 
Kaiser,  printed  collections  of  the  Kaiser's 
speeches,  and  works  on  German  sea-power, 
militarism,  socialism,  government,  and  a  host 
of  other  concerns.  The  general  reader  who 
would  know  Germany  accurately  —  in  so  far 
at  least  as  a  country  can  be  known  accurately 
through  the  reading  of  books  about  it  —  can- 

*  SELECTIONS  FROM  TREITSCHKE'S  LECTURES  ON  POLITICS. 
Translated  from  the  German  by  Adam  L.  Gowans.  New 
York  :  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co. 

TREITSCHKE:  His  Doctrine  of  German  Destiny  and  of  Inter- 
national Relations.  By  Adolf  Hausrath.  New  York:  G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons. 

THE  REAL  KAISER.  An  Illuminating  Study.  Anonymous. 
New  York  :  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

BUILDER  AND  BLUNDERER.  A  Study  of  Emperor  William's 
Character  and  Foreign  Policy.  By  George  Saunders.  New 
York  :  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 

THE  GERMAN  EMPIRE'S  HOUR  OF  DESTINY.  By  Colonel  H. 
Frobenius.  With  Preface  by  Sir  Valentine  Chirol.  New 
York  :  McBride,  Nast  &  Co. 

THE  GERMAN  ENIGMA.  By  Georges  Bourdon.  New  York: 
E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 

WHAT  GERMANY  WANTS.  By  Edmund  von  Mach.  Bostdn  : 
Little,  Brown  &  Co. 

THE  WAR  IN  EUROPE:  Its  Causes  and  Results.  By  Albert 
Bushnell  Hart.  New  York  :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

THE  NEW  MAP  OF  EUROPE  (1911-1914).  By  Herbert  Adams 
Gibbons.  New  York  :  The  Century  Co. 


not  be  admonished  too  strongly  to  use  the 
books  of  the  past  ten  years  liberally  and  those 
of  the  past  three  months  sparingly. 

There  is  an  opportunity  for  some  one  to 
write  a  substantial  book  in  which  shall  be 
traced  the  origins  and  development  of  the 
spirit  of  militarism  in  modern  Germany. 
Until  this  task  shall  have  been  performed,  per- 
sons interested  in  this  subject  will  be  obliged 
to  search  out  the  information  they  desire  in 
masses  of  documents,  and  especially  in  the  vol- 
uminous writings  of  great  German  militarists 
of  the  type  of  Nietzsche  and  Treitschke.  Al- 
ready the  stimulation  of  interest  in  the  subject 
has  been  considerable;  and  to  meet  the  de- 
mand for  information  which  has  arisen,  enter- 
prising publishers  have  put  on  the  market  a 
number  of  books  consisting  of  translated  pas- 
sages from  the  writings  of  Treitschke.  Of  two 
at  present  on  the  reviewer's  desk,  the  lesser  in 
size  and  importance  is  "Selections  from 
Treitschke 's  Lectures  on  Politics,"  translated 
by  Mr.  Adam  L.  Gowans.  The  selections  here 
given  have  the  merit  of  following  the  original 
very  closely,  and  they  cover  a  range  of  topics 
sufficiently  representative  to  enable  the  hur- 
ried reader  to  obtain  from  them  a  very  fair 
idea  of  the  trend  of  Treitschke 's  thought. 
More  important,  however,  because  fuller  and 
accompanied  by  an  extended  study  of  Treit- 
schke's  life  and  work,  is  Hausrath 's  "Treit- 
schke :  His  Doctrine  of  Imperial  Destiny  and 
of  International  Relations."  The  extracts 
here  given  relate  exclusively  to  military  and 
international  affairs,  and,  being  fairly  copious, 
they  serve  very  well  to  exhibit  the  great 
apostle  of  Pan-Germanism  at  his  best.  Haus- 
rath was  an  intimate  friend  of  Treitschke,  and 
his  biographical  sketch  has  the  advantages  and 
disadvantages  which  may  be  expected  to  arise 
from  such  authorship.  He  depicts  with 
marked  success  the  colorful  personality  of  his 
hero  and  incidentally  gives  a  very  good  ac- 
count of  the  life  of  German  university  pro- 
fessors a  generation  ago.  But  his  enthusiasm 
for  his  subject  leads  to  an  estimate  of  Treit- 
schke's  scholarship  which  is  hardly  borne  out 
at  every  point  by  the  facts. 

Of  the  making  of  books  about  the  Kaiser 
there  is  no  end.  One  of  the  many  issued  in 
recent  weeks  bears  the  title  ' '  The  Real  Kaiser : 
An  Illuminating  Study"  and  has  been  pub- 
lished anonymously,  first  in  England  and  sub- 
sequently in  the  United  States.  We  are  told 
that  the  author  has  had  exceptional  oppor- 
tunities to  study  his  subject  at  close  quarters. 
This  may  be  true;  and  it  cannot  be  denied 
that  here  and  there  he  has  a  shrewd  inter- 
pretation and  employs  telling  phrases.  He 
relates  a  number  of  episodes  that  have  not 


THE    DIAL 


45 


hitherto  reached  English  readers.  But  inaccu- 
racies are  numerous,  notably  in  the  chapter  in 
which  an  attempt  is  made  to  describe  the 
structure  and  operation  of  the  imperial  gov- 
ernmental system;  and  the  book  is  further 
marred  by  an  occasional  unnecessary  expres- 
sion of  anti-German  sentiment. 

A  better  piece  of  work  is  Mr.  George  Saun- 
ders  's  ' '  Builder  and  Blunderer. ' '  The  author 
of  this  book  was  for  many  years  Berlin  corre- 
spondent of  the  London  "Morning  Post"  and 
of  the  London  "Times,"  and  his  opportunity 
to  go  behind  the  scenes  was  without  doubt 
exceptional.  The  book  opens  with  a  reason- 
ably accurate  description  of  the  German  posi- 
tion at  the  Kaiser 's  accession,  and  of  the  events 
attending  the  accession ;  but  the  major  portion 
of  it  is  devoted  to  an  analysis  of  the  Kaiser's 
foreign  policy  and  of  his  "German  world- 
policy."  It  is  maintained  that,  despite  con- 
trary appearances  which  deceived  many,  the 
Kaiser  has  been  at  all  times  since  his  accession 
the  principal  menace  to  the  peace  of  the  world, 
and  in  substantiation  of  the  view  a  long  chain 
of  incidents  in  the  diplomatic  and  political 
history  of  the  past  quarter-century  is  re- 
counted. The  world,  it  is  affirmed,  has  been 
supremely  disappointed  in  the  development  of 
a  character  which  originally  seemed  uncom- 
monly promising. 

Only  a  few  days  before  the  outbreak  of  the 
present  war  there  was  published  in  Germany 
a  book  written  by  Colonel  Frobenius  and  bear- 
ing a  title  which  may  be  translated  as  "The 
German  Empire's  Hour  of  Destiny."  The 
book  won  the  unreserved  praise  of  the  German 
Crown  Prince,  and  of  the  Prussian  militarists 
generally.  The  author  took  as  the  basis  of  his 
work  a  book  written  a  few  years  ago  by  an 
American  student  of  politics,  namely  Mr. 
Homer  Lea's  "The  Day  of  the  Saxon."  In 
this  volume  Mr.  Lea  pictured  the  dangers 
which  threatened  the  British  Empire,  arising 
from  its  decline  in  fitness  for  war,-  coupled 
with  the  growing  ascendancy  and  lordliness 
of  Germany  and  Japan.  Germany  was  con- 
ceived to  be  the  most  dangerous  opponent,  and 
the  somewhat  fantastic  idea  was  exploited  that 
England's  original  mistake  lay  in  her  permit- 
ting the  unification  of  Germany  to  take  place. 
Mr.  Lea's  practical  proposition  was  that  Great 
Britain  should  create  an  adequate  army  and 
proceed  to  the  annihilation  of  her  chief  con- 
tinental rival.  Colonel  Frobenius  similarly 
maintained  that  a  titanic  conflict  between 
Great  Britain  and  Germany  was  inevitable, 
and  he  placed  at  the  head  of  his  first  chapter 
the  statement  that  "the  British  world  empire 
can  be  saved  only  by  Germany's  overthrow," 
the  inference  being  that  Britain 's  natural  pol- 


icy would  be  the  subversion  of  Germany.  It 
was  his  opinion,  however,  that  the  British 
would  see  the  expediency  of  sparing  the  Ger- 
man army,  to  the  end  that  Russia  might  be 
held  in  bounds,  and  that  the  conflict  between 
Britain  and  Germany  would  be  exclusively,  or 
at  least  primarily,  naval.  British  troops 
might  be  expected  to  operate  on  land  only  for 
the  purpose  of  driving  the  German  warships 
from  protected  ports  to  the  open  sea  where 
they  could  be  engaged  by  British  vessels. 
That  war  with  both  England  and  France  was 
coming  was  expressly  predicted.  Indeed,  one 
chapter  was  written  to  demonstrate  that  as  a 
military  measure  France  must  declare  war 
against  Germany  in  1915  or  1916,  and  another 
to  show  that  the  hour  of  the  German  Empire 
and  its  allies  might  come  as  early  as  the  spring 
of  1915.  That  the  conflict  had  not  broken 
much  earlier,  that  "so  favorable  an  oppor- 
tunity as  the  war  in  the  Balkans  did  not  fire 
the  powder,"  and  that  it  was  only  England 
who  held  back  her  threatening  allies,  was 
attributed  principally  to  the  "cold-blooded 
British  commercial  spirit. ' '  There  is  nowhere 
in  print — not  even  in  General  von  Bern- 
hardi's  writings  —  a  more  frank  and  forceful 
statement  of  the  point  of  view  taken  by  the 
German  authorities  in  the  present  conflict. 

In  the  autumn  of  1913  one  of  the  editors  of 
the  Paris  ' '  Figaro, ' '  M.  Georges  Bourdon,  paid 
a  visit  to  Germany  with  the  express  purpose 
of  ascertaining  the  actual  sentiment  of  repre- 
sentative Germans  toward  the  French  govern- 
ment and  people.  Interviews  were  held  with 
high  officials,  party  leaders,  university  profes- 
sors, literary  men,  and  representatives  of  mili- 
tary and  patriotic  organizations,  and  the  re- 
sults were  published  in  a  series  of  articles  in 
"Figaro."  In  English  translation,  these  arti- 
cles, with  additions,  have  lately  been  brought 
out  in  London  in  book  form  under  the  title 
' '  The  German  Enigma. ' '  M.  Bourdon  tells  us 
that  on  his  departure  for  Germany  he  made  a 
determined  effort  to  shake  off  all  his  precon- 
ceived opinions,  and  he  confesses  freely  that 
his  experiences  showed  him  the  error  of  some 
of  the  opinions  which,  in  common  with  other 
Frenchmen,  he  had  cherished.  "We  know 
nothing  of  Germany,"  he  exclaims,  "neither 
does  she  know  anything  of  us."  Few  books 
are  written  with  loftier  purpose,  and  it  must 
be  said  that  the  spirit  of  fairness  and  of  altru- 
ism with  which  the  author  begins  is  sustained 
to  the  end.  The  result  is  an  objective,  impar- 
tial, and  impersonal  study.  In  only  the  last 
chapter  does  the  author  obtrude  his  private 
views  and  seek  to  draw  conclusions.  His  great 
objective  is  an  eloquent,  although  restrained, 
plea  for  a  Franco-German  rapprochement  on 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan. 16 


the  basis  of  continued  German  possession  of 
Alsace-Lorraine  and  the  engagement  of  the 
Berlin  authorities  to  govern  the  Alsatians  as  a 
free,  rather  than  a  subjugated,  people.  Such 
a  solution,  it  was  maintained,  would  involve 
no  sacrifice  of  pride  or  of  dignity  by  either 
nation,  yet  it  would  heal  a  festering  wound 
and  would  deliver  the  whole  of  Europe  from 
the  crushing  burden  of  military  expenditure. 
The  picture  drawn  was  roseate,  but  events 
have  proved  it  only  a  fleeting  vision.  The 
book  is  of  interest  because  it  was  written  from 
a  viewpoint  seldom  assumed  in  recent  years 
by  European  publicists. 

In  ''What  Germany  Wants"  Dr.  Edmund 
von  Mach  has  undertaken  to  supply  a  con- 
servative answer  to  a  query  which  in  these 
days  is  on  every  one's  lips.  Dr.  von  Mach  is 
an  American  and  a  graduate  of  Harvard,  al- 
though of  Prussian  birth  and,  in  the  main,  of 
Prussian  training.  He  knows  his  America 
rather  better  than  do  certain  other  German 
apologists  in  this  country,  and  the  temperate- 
ness  of  his  arguments  ought  to  ensure  his  book 
a  wide  and  thoughtful  reading.  The  essential 
desire  of  Germany  he  defines  as  follows : 

"  Germany  wants  to  keep  the  confines  of  her 
home-land  inviolate,  but  is  not  desirous  of  joining 
to  them  new  lands  of  unwilling  people.  She  wants 
to  develop  her  colonies  and  invest  her  money  in  the 
building  of  extra-territorial  railways  which  will 
ultimately  bring  her  into  relation  with  new  mar- 
kets. She  wants  to  develop  her  home  commerce 
and  industry,  and  increase  the  usefulness  of  her 
agriculture  that  she  may  give  employment  to  a 
population  growing  at  the  rate  of  about  a  million 
a  year.  .  .  .  Over  and  above  these  desires  she  has 
the  very  natural  and  proper  ambition  to  be  worthy 
of  her  great  past  and  to  make  her  own  contribu- 
tions to  the  civilization  of  the  world.  She  wants 
social  justice,  and  she  wishes  to  remove  from  her 
laboring  classes  the  ills  of  poverty.  Germany  wants 
peace,  for  in  peace  only  can  she  do  what  she  has  set 
out  to  do.  She  wants  an  honorable  and  a  stable 
peace,  and  in  so  far  as  the  defects  of  her  character 
have  been  contributory  causes  to  misunderstand- 
ings she  wishes  to  eradicate  these  defects.  She 
desires  the  good  will  of  the  world." 

A  convenient  handbook  for  Americans  who 
wish  to  follow  the  course  of  the  war  intelli- 
gently is  Professor  Albert  Bushnell  Hart's 
"The  War  in  Europe."  This  book  falls  into 
two  parts.  The  first  is  devoted  to  a  crisp 
description  of  the  general  international  situa- 
tion in  Europe  on  the  eve  of  the  war.  The 
second  contains  an  account  of  the  outbreak  of 
the  war,  with  chapters  on  the  psychology  of 
the  war,  the  question  of  neutrality,  modern 
methods  of  warfare,  the  effect  of  the  war  on 
the  United  States,  and  the  possible  terms  of 
peace.  Evidence  which  has  come  to  light  since 
the  date  of  publication  would  probably  cause 


the  author  to  give  some  of  his  statements  to- 
day a  different  turn,  but  of  course  this  was 
inevitable,  and  on  the  whole  the  book  remains 
a  very  fair  and  substantially  accurate  piece  of 
work.  Eminently  sensible  are  the  suggestions 
which  are  offered  concerning  the  necessary 
basis  of  a  true  and  final  peace.  Stated  briefly, 
they  are:  (1)  Europe  must  recognize  the 
blood  kinship  of  people  of  the  same  race,  and 
must  cease  trying  to  destroy  the  language  and 
traditions  of  race  groups;  (2)  She  must  give 
up  the  idea  of  compelling  large  racial  units  to 
accept  a  government  which  is  hateful  to  them ; 
(3)  A  larger  portion  of  the  people  must  be 
admitted  to  a  share  in  decisions  as  to  their  own 
destiny;  (4)  No  peace  can  be  durable  that 
does  not  provide  in  some  way  against  the 
causes  which  have  brought  about  the  present 
war,  chief  among  them  being  the  feeling,  fos- 
tered by  great  armaments,  that  war  is  a  proper 
and  manly  way  of  settling  national  differ- 
ences; and  (5)  War  can  be  prevented  only  by 
some  sort  of  world  federation  in  which  every 
nation  shall  have  an  armed  force  upon  a  fixed 
proportion,  to  be  used  as  part  of  a  contingent 
of  a  world  police. 

It  is  just  conceivable  that  the  war  may  go 
on  undecisively  until  the  nations,  from  sheer 
exhaustion,  shall  become  willing  to  terminate 
hostilities  and  to  restore,  as  nearly  as  possible, 
the  conditions  of  July,  1914.  But  it  is  much 
more  likely  that  one  side  or  the  other  will  be 
definitely  victorious,  and  in  this  event  the  map 
of  Europe  will  undoubtedly  have  to  be  re- 
made. Dr.  Herbert  A.  Gibbons 's  "The  New 
Map  of  Europe"  was  written  in  part  before 
the  outbreak  of  the  war.  But  chapters  were 
appended  after  the  war  began,  and  nowhere 
in  English  will  one  find  as  yet  a  fuller  or  better 
discussion  of  the  political  and  geographical 
changes  which  the  war  is  capable  of  pro- 
ducing. Dr.  Gibbons  has  been  for  some  years 
a  member  of  the  faculty  of  Roberts  College, 
Constantinople,  and  he  has  had  varied  oppor- 
tunity to  acquaint  himself  with  the  political 
and  military  affairs  of  Europe,  especially  of 
Europe  east  of  the  Adriatic.  His  present 
chapters  cover  a  wide  range  —  from  the  pass- 
ing of  Persia  and  the  problem  of  the  Bagdad 
railway  in  the  east  to  Alsace-Lorraine  and 
Luxemburg  in  the  west.  The  best  are  the 
half-dozen  or  more  recounting  the  military 
and  political  happenings  of  southeastern 
Europe  since  the  Turkish  revolution  of  1908. 
for  the  author  has  been  an  observer  of,  and 
even  a  participant  in,  many  of  the  events  of 
which  he  here  writes.  In  his  discussion  of  the 
present  conflict  Dr.  Gibbons  takes  the  ground 
that  Germany  forced  war  on  Russia  and 
France,  that  German  ambition  has  long  been 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


47 


a  menace  to  all  Europe,  that  Great  Britain 
was  fully  justified  in  entering  the  contest,  and 
that  the  violation  of  the  neutrality  of  Bel- 
gium was  not  the  cause,  but  only  the  occasion, 
of  British  participation.  The  only  way  in 
which  war  could  have  been  avoided  last  Au- 
gust, we  are  told,  would  have  been  "to  allow 
Germany  to  make,  according  to  her  own  de- 
sires and  ambitions,  the  new  map  of  Europe." 
FREDERIC  AUSTIN  OGG. 


PLAYS  OF  TO-DAY  AXD  YESTERDAY.* 


If  we  compare  the  publishers'  lists  of  to- 
day with  those  of  fifteen  or  even  ten  years 
ago,  it  is  surprising  to  see  how  many  more 
plays  are  now  getting  into  print.  And  these 
are  not  only  plays  which  have  been  or  might 
be  successfully  acted;  many  of  them  are  in- 
tended merely  to  be  read,  and  could  not  be 
staged  with  any  hope  of  interesting  an  audi- 
ence. Not  only  does  the  printed  play  serve 
as  a  platform,  or  at  least  a  soapbox,  for  peo- 
ple who  have  a  social  or  political  message  to 
deliver  to  the  world;  it  has  been  seized  upon 
even  by  the  lyric  poets  as  a  medium  for  the 
expression  of  personal  emotion.  Thus  we  find 
in  our  list  not  only  Mr.  Brownell  preaching 
pacificism,  Mr.  Francis  preaching  syndical- 
ism, and  M.  Andreyev  preaching  nihilism,  but 
Mr.  Eobinson  and  Mr.  Tagore  translating 
their  favorite  types  of  lyric,  the  puzzle  lyric 
and  the  mystical  lyric,  into  what  purports  to 
be  dramatic  form. 

It  is  perhaps  our  misfortune  that  we  live 
in  an  age  when  nothing  can  be  taken  for 
granted.  Of  course  our  field  of  speculation  is 
considerably  widened ;  but  this  is  a  poor  com- 
pensation for  the  artistic  formlessness  and 
poverty  which  the  dissolution  of  tradition 
involves.  We  may  smile  at  the  simple-mind- 
edness of  Aristotle,  who  thought  a  play  was 
an  imitation  of  action,  or  of  Shakespeare, 
who  thought  a  playwright  ought  to  hold  a 

*  THE  UNSEEN  EMPIRE.  By  Atherton  Brownell.  New  York : 
Harper  &  Brothers. 

CHANGE.  By  J.  O.  Francis.  "  The  Drama  League  Series  of 
Plays."  New  York :  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co. 

THE  WIDOWING  OF  MRS.  HOLROYD.  By  D.  H.  Lawrence. 
"  Modern  Drama  Series."  New  York :  Mitchell  Kennerley. 

"  AND  So  THEY  WERE  MARRIED."  A  Comedy  of  the  New 
Woman.  By  Jesse  Lynch  Williams.  New  York:  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons. 

VAN  ZORN.  A  Comedy  in  Three  Acts.  By  Edwin  Arlington 
Robinson.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

THE  KING  OF  THE  DARK  CHAMBER.  By  Rabindranath 
Tagore.  Translated  into  English  by  the  Author.  New  York : 
The  Macmillan  Co. 

THREE  MODERN  PLAYS  FROM  THE  FRENCH  :  Lavedan's  The 
Prince  D'Aurec,  Lemaitre's  The  Pardon,  Donnay's  The  Other 
Danger.  Translated  into  English  by  Barrett  H.  Clark  and 
Charlotte  Tenney  David,  with  Preface  by  Clayton  Hamilton. 
New  York :  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

SAVVA  and  THE  LIFE  OF  MAN.  Two  Plays.  By  Leonid 
Andreyev.  Translated  from  the  Russian,  with  Introduction, 
by  Thomas  Seltzer.  "  Modern  Drama  Series."  New  York : 
Mitchell  Kennerley. 

HALF  HOURS  :  Pantaloon,  The  Twelve-pound  Look,  Rosalind, 
The  Will.  By  J.  M.  Barrie.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons. 


mirror  up  to  nature.  But  the  out-of-date 
dramatists  who  were  expected  to  give  pleasure 
by  imitating  human  life  in  a  manner  presenta- 
ble on  the  stage  had  an  immense  advantage  in 
knowing  what  was  expected  of  them,  and  in 
general  how  they  were  expected  to  do  it. 
Whether  the  modern  dramatists,  unguided  by 
a  tradition  in  these  respects,  will  succeed  in 
working  out  a  satisfactory  artistic  form,  is  a 
hard  question.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the 
drama,  which  had  been  slumbering  in  a  sort 
of  coma  of  conventionality,  has  been  vitalized 
through  the  widening  of  its  scope;  and 
though  many  of  the  playwrights  seem  to 
struggle  vainly  with  their  material,  though 
their  utterance  is  stammering  and  eccentric, 
most  of  them  have  something  to  say  and  are 
striving  toward  a  comprehensible  form. 

Events  have  made  a  cruelly  sardonic  com- 
ment on  the  rather  saccharine  optimism  of 
'  The  Unseen  Empire."  The  youthful  hero- 
ine, Friderika  Stahl,  has  been  left  sole  owner 
of  the  Stahl  Gun  Works,  the  great  manufac- 
turing centre  of  war  material  in  Germany. 
Absorbed  in  philanthropic  projects  among 
her  workmen,  she  has  never  realized  the  mean- 
ing of  the  vast  establishment  built  up  by  her 
father.  Her  eyes  are  opened  through  the 
attempts  of  the  Emperor  to  gain  more  direct 
control  of  the  works,  first  by  marrying  her  to 
a  prince,  then,  when  this  fails  and  war  is 
imminent,  by  forcibly  seizing  the  plant.  She 
defeats  the  second  plan  by  the  help  of  her 
chief  electrician,  who  is  also  her  lover.  The 
result  is  that  the  Emperor,  who,  it  appears, 
has  always  objected  to  war,  heads  a  movement 
for  a  federation  of  Europe,  and  bestows  the 
Order  of  the  Red  Eagle  on  the  young  man 
who  thwarted  the  war  plans.  The  lightning 
change  of  Emperor  and  Chancellor  from  lion 
to  lamb  would  be  merely  comic  if  history  had 
not  made  it  into  a  bitter  caricature  of  pacifi- 
cist dreams. 

Mr.  Francis's  "Change"  has  for  its  theme 
the  tragic  clash  of  the  new  and  the  old  in  a 
Welsh  mining  village.  In  1911  it  won  a  prize 
offered  for  the  best  play  by  a  Welsh  author 
dealing  with  life  in  Wales.  As  is  often  the 
case  with  prize  plays  and  stories,  it  is  sincere, 
respectable,  and  rather  dull.  The  action 
moves  very  slowly;  there  are  three  or  four 
moderately  interesting  characters,  but  none  of 
compelling  interest;  the  play  lacks  focus. 
The  writer  seems  to  have  been  more  inter- 
ested in  a  social  condition  than  in  any  of  his 
characters;  and  this  is  to  say  that  as  a  dra- 
matist he  has  failed.  It  is  not  hard  to  see 
why  the  play,  to  quote  the  Introduction,  "met 
with  a  most  deplorable  and  undeserved  re- 
ception ' '  in  New  York  and  Chicago. 


48 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan.  16 


With  a  somewhat  similar  setting — the 
mining  region  of  Derbyshire  —  Mr.  D.  H. 
Lawrence  has  written  a  vastly  better  play. 
In  "The  Widowing  of  Mrs.  Holroyd"  he  has 
no  social  theories  to  expound,  but  he  is  pro- 
foundly interested  in  Mrs.  Holroyd,  her  chil- 
dren, her  drunken  husband,  and  her  sober 
and  hard-working  lover,  Blackmore.  A  de- 
cent woman  with  ideals  of  her  own,  she  at 
first  gives  Blackmore  no  encouragement;  but 
things  come  to  such  a  pass  that  she  finally 
consents  to  run  away  with  him,  taking  her 
two  children.  Then  comes  an  accident  in  the 
mine,  in  which  her  husband  is  killed.  A 
revulsion  of  feeling  sweeps  over  her;  her 
early  love  for  him  returns,  and  with  his  old 
mother  she  weeps  passionately  over  his  body. 
The  final  scene,  grimly  realistic  and  of  extraor- 
dinary power,  shows  the  two  women  wash- 
ing the  body  for  burial.  The  best  evidence  of 
the  author's  tact  and  skill  is  that  the  effect 
neither  of  this  scene  nor  of  the  play  as  a 
whole  is  sordid  or  depressing ;  it  is  rather,  in 
the  true  sense  of  the  word,  tragic.  The  fault 
of  the  play  is  its  inconclusiveness,  which  would 
handicap  it  on  the  stage ;  but,  from  the  read- 
er's point  of  view,  this  is  more  than  redeemed 
by  keen  insight  into  character  and  firm  grasp 
of  situation.  Mr.  Lawrence  is  still  a  very 
young  man;  he  will  be  well  worth  watching. 

From  a  first-hand  study  of  life  we  turn  to 
a  literary  echo.  Mr.  Jesse  Lynch  Williams 's 
"And  So  They  Were  Married"  may  be  best 
described  as  an  American  imitation  of  Mr. 
Shaw 's  plays.  Surely  a  man  of  genius  should 
pray  thrice  daily  to  be  delivered  from  his 
imitators.  They  are  sure  to  "show  him  up," 
magnifying  his  faults  and  weaknesses  till  the 
public  turns  from  him  in  disgust.  No  hostile 
criticism  can  be  half  so  damaging  as  the 
imitation  of  the  faithful  disciple.  The  reac- 
tion against  Mr.  Shaw  was  bound  to  come; 
and  the  appearance  of  a  follower  like  Mr. 
Williams  suggests  that  it  is  upon  us.  His 
heroine  well  knows  that  by  the  law  of  her 
nature  she  must  compel  the  man  with  whom 
she  is  in  love  to  propose  to  her ;  she  struggles 
bravely  against  it,  and  when  in  spite  of  her- 
self she  has  most  obviously  forced  him  into  a 
declaration,  she  says,  "in  an  awed  whisper, 
stepping  back  slowly,  '  I  've  done  it !  I  've  done 
it !  I  knetv  I'd  do  it ! ' '  But  of  course  she 
will  not  let  a  poor  scientific  man  ruin  his 
prospects  by  marrying  her.  They  will 
"belong  to  each  other"  without  marriage,  and 
this  she  announces  to  her  assembled  and 
astounded  relatives.  To  do  her  lover  justice, 
it  must  be  said  that  at  first  he  objects  to  this 
programme ;  but  the ' '  Life  Force ' '  has  got  hold 
of  him  too;  and  besides,  in  defending  Helen 


from  her  incensed  family,  he  has  to  defend 
her  plan.  A  clever  old  uncle  who  is  a  judge, 
taking  unfair  advantage  of  their  excitement 
and  of  the  easy-going  law  of  the  state,  mar- 
ries them  on  the  spot  in  spite  of  their  teeth ; 
but  at  the  same  time  he  warns  Society -that 
a  general  overhauling  is  inevitable.  Various 
minor  characters  and  incidents  make  it  too 
plain  that  Mr.  Williams  is  not  intentionally 
writing  burlesque. 

As  the  reader  begins  to  turn  the  pages  of 
Mr.  Edwin  Arlington  Robinson's  "Van 
Zorn,"  various  questions  rise  in  his  mind. 
Who  is  Van  Zorn?  Who  is  Villa  Vannevar, 
the  heroine?  What  have  been  their  past  rela- 
tions with  each  other?  with  George  Lucas? 
with  Farnham?  There  is  no  exposition  to 
gratify  his  curiosity;  but  he  consoles  himself 
with  the  thought  that  as  he  goes  on  these 
matters  will  become  clear.  On  the  contrary, 
he  becomes  more  and  more  bewildered. 
There  is  a  good  deal  of  more  or  less  clever 
dialogue ;  there  develops  a  kind  of  emotional 
tension,  involving  the  transference  of  the 
heroine's  affections;  but  Mr.  Robinson  keeps 
his  secrets,  or  reveals  them  only  in  riddles. 
The  reader's  curiosity  is  teased  very  much  as 
it  is  in  some  of  Mr.  Robinson's  poems.  He 
feels  that  if  he  could  learn  something  about 
these  people  they  might  prove  to  be  interest- 
ing. But  perhaps  after  all  they  are  not  peo- 
ple; perhaps  they  are  symbols.  The  play 
will  be  a  good  subject  for  some  future  doc- 
tor's thesis;  until  that  appears  it  will  be  safe 
to  reserve  our  judgment. 

Mr.  Tagore's  "King  of  the  Dark  Chamber" 
is  frankly  symbolical;  the  characters  could 
by  no  possibility  be  mistaken  for  real  per- 
sons. Lecturers  who  expound  the  beauties  of 
Tagore  before  women's  clubs  will  probably 
have  no  difficulty  in  explaining  that  the  play 
is  an  allegory  of  the  conquest  of  the  soul  (the 
Queen)  by  Love  (the  King),  with  the  help  of 
Humility  (Surangama),  and  the  discomfiture 
of  the  King's  chief  rival,  Practical  Sagacity 
or  Efficiency  (Kanchi).  The  symbolism  is 
rather  clearer  than  is  usual  in  Maeterlinck; 
the  style  is  noticeably  reminiscent  of  his. 
There  is  a  good  deal  of  the  material  of  poetry 
floating  around  in  a  rather  nebulous  state, 
and  there  are  some  pretty  lyrics,  one,  for  in- 
stance, beginning: 
"  Open  your  door.  I  am  waiting. 

The  ferry  of  the  light  from  the  dawn  to  the 
dark  is  done  for  the  day. 

The  evening  star  is  up." 

It  is  in  a  way  refreshing  to  turn  to  the 
"Three  Modern  Plays  from  the  French." 
Here  is  no  recondite  or  symbolical  meaning, 
no  prophet  or  lyricist  disguised  as  a  play- 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


49 


wright.  "We  go  back  with  a  certain  sense  of 
relief  to  the  good  old  triangle.  It  encloses 
nothing  of  extraordinary  interest,  but  at  least 
we  know  what  to  expect.  It  is  odd  to  see  how 
these  plays,  produced  in  1892,  1896,  and 
1902,  already  sound  like  voices  from  a  past 
generation.  Heavens!  they  seem  written 
merely  to  entertain!  In  M.  Lavedan's 
"Prince  D'Aurec"  the  chief  interest  is  in  the 
husband,  a  fine  type  of  the  useless  and  orna- 
mental French  nobleman.  Jules  Lemaitre's 
"The  Pardon"  is  remarkable  as  a  tour  de 
force.  The  triangle,  if  I  may  mix  the  mathe- 
matical metaphors,  is  reduced  to  its  lowest 
terms;  there  are  in  this  three-act  comedy 
only  three  characters.  As  a  piece  of  techni- 
cal sleight  of  hand  it  would  be  hard  to  equal. 
In  M.  Donnay's  "The  Other  Danger"  inter- 
est centres  in  the  woman  who  has  a  lover  with 
whom  her  innocent  daughter  falls  desperately 
in  love.  If  we  take  the  situation  seriously,  as 
M.  Donnay  wishes  us  to,  we  can  hardly  be 
satisfied  with  his  solution.  Mme.  Jadain 
heroically  resigns  her  lover,  commanding  him 
to  marry  Madeleine,  and  he,  though  he  pro- 
tests a  good  deal,  seems  not  indisposed  to 
consent. 

It  must  be  a  grim  humorist  indeed  who 
could  find  anything  amusing  in  the  two  plays 
of  M.  Leonid  Andreyev  published  in  the 
' '  Modern  Drama  Series. "  In  "  Savva ' '  we  find 
ourselves  in  the  company  of  a  group  of  luna- 
tics and  idiots.  Considerable  ingenuity  is 
shown  in  distinguishing  various  types  of  men- 
tal alienation;  thus  we  have  the  drunken 
idiot,  the  playful  idiot,  the  maniac  who  has 
committed  the  unpardonable  sin,  and  the  mild 
melancholiac.  There  is  only  one  really  sane 
person  in  the  play.  The  hero  is  a  young 
nihilist  who  wishes  to  destroy  every  mark  and 
sign  of  civilization  and  the  past, —  literature, 
art,  cities,  even  clothes, —  so  that  the  human 
race  may  begin  over  again  au  naturel.  If 
they  then  show  any  signs  of  relapsing  into 
anything  resembling  our  present  civilization, 
he  plans  to  massacre  them  all.  Very  appro- 
priately he  is  torn  to  pieces  by  a  mob ;  but  it 
is  evident  that  M.  Andreyev  regards  him  as  a 
martyr.  "The  Life  of  Man,"  published  in 
the  same  year  as  ' '  Sawa, "  is  a  far  more  note- 
worthy performance.  It  is  a  sort  of  morality 
play,  in  a  prologue  and  five  scenes.  If  the 
philosophy  of  Mr.  Thomas  Hardy's  novels 
were  to  be  summed  up  in  a  short  dramatic 
allegory,  the  result  would  be  something  like 
"The  Life  of  Man."  The  characters  are 
Man,  his  Wife,  Father,  Relatives,  Neighbors, 
Friends,  Enemies,  etc.  Interspersed  with  the 
dialogue  are  long  choral  passages  uttered  by 
groups  of  people  speaking  individually  but 


indistinguishably,  and  headed  merely  "The 
Drunkards'  Conversation,"  or  "The  Old 
Women's  Conversation."  In  the  form  of 
familiar  talk,  these  passages  often  furnish  the 
most  poignant  comment  on  the  action  where 
they  seem  most  irrelevant  or  frivolous. 
Speaking  the  prologue,  and  dominating  the 
whole  piece,  is  the  dread  figure,  "Someone  in 
Gray  called  He."  He  is  present  in  the  back- 
ground of  every  scene,  holding  in  his  hand 
the  candle  which  burns  gradually  lower.  He 
listens  with  equal  apathy  to  the  rejoicing  of 
Man  and  his  Wife  over  their  first  success,  to 
their  agonizing  prayers  for  the  life  of  their 
child,  and  to  Man's  curses  when  the  child 
dies.  He  is  a  God  of  stone. 

It  is  interesting  to  compare  this  twentieth- 
century  morality  with  a  morality  of  the  fif- 
teenth century.  The  message  of  "Every- 
man" is  that  the  soul  of  man  is  a  thing  of 
infinite  value,  and  that  man's  life  on  earth 
has  infinite  significance.  The  message  of 
' '  The  Life  of  Man ' '  is  that  the  soul  of  man  is 
a  trivial  toy,  and  that  man's  life  is  infinitely 
meaningless.  The  fifteenth-century  play  is 
filled  with  a  sense  of  the  reality  of  the  past, 
of  the  reality  of  the  future,  and  of  the  cru- 
ciality  of  the  present  that  divides  them.  In 
the  twentieth-century  play  all  are  alike  empty 
and  unreal. 

To  turn  from  these  powerful  and  melan- 
choly productions  is  like  coming  out  from  an 
asylum  or  an  operating-room.  Under  such 
circumstances,  what  can  be  more  wholesome 
than  to  go  to  a  Punch  and  Judy  show  ?  Some- 
thing of  the  sort,  touched  with  graceful  fancy, 
Sir  James  M.  Barrie  (we  have  not  yet  become 
accustomed  to  that  "Sir,"  and  it  sounds  al- 
most as  queer  as  "Sir  Mark  Twain"  would) 
has  provided  for  us  in  "  Pantaloon. ' '  The  sec- 
ond of  the ' '  Half  Hours, "  "  The  Twelve-pound 
Look,"  is  a  portrait  of  an  egoist  considerably 
less  refined  than  Meredith's  hero.  In  intro- 
ducing him,  the  author  politely  but  unkindly 
says,  "If  quite  convenient  (as  they  say  about 
cheques)  you  are  to  conceive  that  the  scene  is 
laid  in  your  own  house,  and  that  Harry 
Sims  is  you. ' '  No  doubt  Harry  would  be  glad 
to  be  you  or  anyone  else  before  his  interview 
with  Kate  is  over.  Kate  is  his  former  wife, 
now  a  "new  woman,"  but  not  of  the  type 
familiar  in  the  new  drama.  Perhaps  it  would 
not  be  a  bad  guess  that  Sir  James  and  Dr. 
Crothers,  who  are  not  afraid  of  the  new 
woman  and  do  not  seem  to  think  she  will 
prove  as  destructive  as  some  suppose,  are 
nearer  right  than  the  alarmists.  "Rosalind" 
is  a  delightful  little  sketch  of  the  contrast 
between  an  actress  incognita,  on  a  vacation, 
and  frankly  middle-aged,  and  the  same  lady 


50 


THE    DIAL 


Jan.  16 


in  her  professional  character  and  appear- 
ance. The  change  is  accurately  and  charm- 
ingly registered  in  the  countenance  and 
words  of  young  Charles  Roche,  just  out  of 
college  and  much  in  love  with  the  beautiful 
actress.  The  last  of  the  "Half  Hours," 
"The  Will,"  is  a  bit  of  the  tragedy  of  life  as 
it  appears  in  a  lawyer's  office.  It  simply 
presents  three  visits,  years  apart,  made  by 
the  hero  to  his  lawyer;  but  one  can  recon- 
struct the  man's  whole  life  from  those  three 
visits.  Philip  Ross's  experience  is  not  so 
very  different  from  that  of  M.  Andreyev's 
"Man";  yet  in  total  effect  the  two  plays  are 
as  wide  asunder  as  the  poles.  In  the  back- 
ground of  the  "Life  of  Man"  there  are  only 
spectres  gibbering  and  flitting  through 
vacancy,  and  the  blank  and  stony  stare  of  the 
insane  God.  In  the  background  of  "The 
Will"  is  the  whole  huge  and  various  earth, 
with  its  forces  of  good  and  evil,  and  its  rich- 
ness of  real  human  sorrow  and  joy.  It  is 
interesting  to  speculate  as  to  what  would  be 
the  effect  upon  M.  Andreyev  if  he  could  look 
out  upon  everyday  life  for  an  instant  through 
Sir  James  Barrie's  eyes.  If  he  survived  the 
shock,  he  would  probably  suppose,  depending 
on  his  early  training,  that  he  had  been  trans- 
ported either  to  fairyland  or  to  heaven.  Later 
he  would  reason  that  he  must  have  been  sub- 
ject to  a  hallucination.  Yet  the  result  of  such 
a  glimpse,  even  on  a  logical  and  unhumorous 
mind,  would  surely  be  enlightening.  Per- 
haps it  would  even  teach  M.  Andreyev 
humility.  HOMER  E.  WOODBRIDGE. 


WORRY  AXD  MODERN  I/TFE.* 


The  belief  is  widespread  that  there  are 
more  "nervous"  people  in  America  than  in 
all  the  other  countries  of  the  world  taken 
together.  But  the  term,  as  popularly  used, 
does  not  imply  serious  disease  and  usually  no 
organic  difficulty;  it  refers  rather  to  mental 
strain  and  tension,  and  to  that  vast  brood  of 
troubles  commonly  described  by  the  term 
worry.  There  is  general  agreement  among 
laymen  as  well  as  physicians  that  American 
life  is  becoming  continually  more  complex, 
Avith  the  result  that  as  a  people  we  are  "hit- 
ting up  the  pace ' '  faster  and  faster  as  the 
years  go  by.  Take  a  man  of  affairs  in  almost 
any  community  in  this  country;  he  is  re- 
quired to  adapt  himself  to  a  greater  number 
of  situations  and  respond  to  more  varied 
stimulations  this  year  than  he  did  last.  He 

*  WOBBY  AND  NEBVOUSNESS  ;  or,  The  Science  of  Self- 
Mastery.  By  William  S.  Sadler,  M.D.  Chicago :  A.  C.  McClurg 
&  Co. 

NEW  NEBVES  FOR  OLD.  By  Arthur  A.  Carey.  Boston:  Lit- 
tle, Brown  &  Co. 


has  more  problems  to  solve,  and  more  pres- 
sures to  equilibrate  or  perhaps  to  resist.  If 
things  go  on  as  they  have  been  going,  he  will 
have  more  adjustments  to  make  next  year  than 
he  has  this  year.  Even  in  the  school,  which 
was  originally  a  place  of  quiet  for  the  purpose 
of  encouraging  reflective  attitudes,  there  is 
constantly  increasing  tension  because  there 
are  more  subjects  to  study  and  tasks  to  per- 
form each  succeeding  year.  The  demands 
upon  the  schools  have  already  become  so 
numerous  and  burdensome  that  the  chief 
problem  discussed  to-day  in  educational  meet- 
ings is  the  pruning  of  the  curriculum  so  that 
pupils  will  not  be  crowded  so  hard. 

Think  of  the  number  of  things  which  a  fam- 
ily even  in  modest  circumstances  must  buy 
to-day  in  order  to  keep  pace  with  their  neigh- 
bors !  Think  of  the  ' '  amusements ' '  they  must 
patronize,  the  books  and  periodicals  they  must 
read,  the ' '  functions ' '  they  must  attend !  And 
then  consider  especially  the  burdens  imposed 
upon  those  who  are  on  the  firing-line,  and 
must  furnish  the  funds  for  all  this  unrest  and 
striving  and  struggle ! 

The  above  reflections  are  incited  by  reading 
the  books  under  review.  In  purpose  and  gen- 
eral point  of  view  they  resemble  other  books 
that  have  appeared  in  America  during  the  past 
decade.  It  is  probable,  however,  that  Dr. 
Sadler's  "Worry  and  Nervousness"  is  the 
most  important  and  attractive  contribution 
that  has  yet  been  made  to  the  discussion  of 
this  subject.  It  is  the  work  of  a  scientist,  to 
begin  with;  and  its  thoroughgoing  presenta- 
tion of  all  aspects  of  nervous  disturbances 
that  give  rise  to  worry  and  that  are  the  out- 
growth thereof  is  based  upon  an  accurate 
knowledge  of  the  physical  and  mental  laws 
involved.  A  number  of  recent  writers  upon 
this  subject  have  approached  it  from  the 
standpoint  of  religion  —  Mr.  Carey's  "New 
Nerves  for  Old"  is  written  from  this  point  of 
view  —  or  hypnotism  or  morbid  psychology; 
but  Dr.  Sadler  writes  as  a  physician,  and  con- 
sequently one  feels  that  his  analysis  and  sug- 
gestions for  the  treatment  of  worry  are  a  little 
more  securely  grounded  than  are  most  of  the 
expressions  on  these  topics  which  one  hears  or 
reads  to-day. 

"Worry  and  Nervousness"  discusses  every 
phase  of  nervousness  and  its  hygiene  and! 
treatment;  and  the  discussion  throughout  is 
presented  in  a  clear,  graceful  style.  The 
varied  forms  of  nervousness  are  classified 
under  seven  heads:  (1)  chronic  fear,  or 
worry,  (2)  neurasthenoidia,  or  near-neuras- 
thenia, (3)  neurasthenia,  or  nervous  exhaus- 
tion, (4)  psychasthenia,  or  true  brain  fag, 
(5)  hysteria,  the  master  imitator,  (6)  hypo- 


1915] 


THE    DIAL. 


51 


chondria,  or  chronic  blues,  (7)  simple  melan- 
cholia. Each  of  these  types  of  nervousness  is 
analyzed,  and  their  relations  toward  one 
another  pointed  out.  The  largest  general  con- 
clusion to  be  derived  from  these  analyses  is 
that  under  the  stress  and  strain  of  modern 
life,  alike  in  the  case  of  the  worker  and  the 
social  "climber,"  the  vitality  of  the  nervous 
system  is  lowered,  and  there  follows  a  host  of 
troubles,  all  springing  out  of  or  giving  rise  to 
fear  or  wrorry.  Dr.  Sadler  cites  a  large  num- 
ber of  concrete  examples  of  the  various  fears 
he  describes, —  and  they  are  very  numerous. 
Modern  students  of  this  subject  have  had  to 
develop  an  extensive  vocabulary  to  describe 
the  fears  which  have  been  differentiated  out 
of  the  common  attitude  of  worry  or  dread. 
There  is  "aerophobia,"  the  dread  of  fresh 
air,  especially  night  air;  "aichmophobia," 
the  dread  of  pointed  tools;  "kenophobia," 
the  fear  of  emptiness;  " brontophobia, "  the 
fear  of  thunder;  "acrophobia,"  the  fear  of 
high  places ;  ' '  agoraphobia, ' '  the  fear  of  open 
spaces;  "misophobia,"  the  fear  of  dirt; 
"pathophobia,"  the  fear  of  disease;  "zoopho- 
bia, ' '  the  fear  of  animals,  and  so  on  ad  libitum. 
Then  there  are  nervous  states  which  are  not 
quite  of  the  nature  of  dread  or  fear,  but  which 
nevertheless  give  rise  to  the  worrying  attitude, 
such  as  the  magnification  of  trifles,  worrying 
about  the  weather,  the  chronic  "kicking" 
habit,  and  so  on  through  a  long  list. 

And  what  is  the  cause  of  all  these  abnormali- 
ties? In  some  cases,  lowered  vitality;  in 
other  cases,  strain  and  stress  in  maintaining 
existence ;  but  in  most  cases  in  American  life 
it  is  the  struggle  for  more  and  more  things 
and  experiences.  The  results  are  social  mal- 
adjustments which  produce  sooner  or  later 
nervous  irregularities  and  mental  strains  and 
crises.  Through  twenty  interesting  chapters, 
the  author  analyzes  and  describes  typical 
everyday  types  of  worry  and  fear  and 
nervousness,  and  he  gives  concrete  examples 
of  every  type.  He  also  presents  diagrams 
giving  the  results  of  modern  research  on  the 
relations  between  bodily  states  and  nervous 
and  mental  reactions.  He  drives  home  some 
of  his  principles  by  presenting  photographic 
and  pictorial  illustrations  of  fear,  worry,  and 
especially  of  "going  the  pace"  in  American 
life. 

But  what  can  be  done  about  it  all  ?  Part  II. 
of  "Worry  and  Nervousness"  is  devoted  to  a 
discussion  of  how  these  troubles  may  be  alle- 
viated. The  sum  of  the  whole  thing  is:  let 
the  neurasthenic  reduce  his  wants.  Let  him 
give  up  thinking  about  himself,  and  become 
interested  in  some  other  person,  or  some  cause 
of  an  impersonal  character.  But  fundamen- 


tally he  must  live  a  simple,  hygienic  life.  He 
must  cut  out  every  form  of  stimulant  and 
narcotic.  Alcohol,  tobacco,  tea,  coffee,  and 
the  whole  list  of  narcotic  drinks  are  deadly 
in  their  effect  upon  the  nervous  system.  Dr. 
Sadler  says  that  any  physician  who  is  thrown 
in  contact  with  a  large  number  of  nervous 
cases  has  it  borne  in  upon  him  every  day  that 
the  chief  enemies  of  the  health  and  stability 
of  the  nervous  system  and  the  mind  are  the 
popularly  used  poisons, —  alcohol,  tobacco,  tea, 
and  coffee.  Tobacco  stands  foremost  among 
the  causes  of  increased  blood  pressure,  which 
drags  a  whole  train  of  evils  in  its  course. 
Alcohol  is  next,  and  then  come  tea  and  coffee. 
The  author  quotes  Richardson  of  England  to 
the  effect  that  excessive  tea  drinking  among 
the  women  of  that  country  has  produced  a  sort 
of  semi-hysterical  condition.  They  try  to 
relieve  this  condition  by  resorting  to  alcoholic 
stimulants,  so  that  one  evil  intensifies  thei 
other.  He  also  quotes  Dr.  Bock  of  Leipzig, 
who  has  observed  the  same  effects  among 
women  who  are  addicted  to  the  use  of  coffee. 
Even  the  use  of  condiments,  as  pepper,  mus- 
tard, vinegar,  and  the  like,  is  a  source  of 
nervous  irritation  and  instability. 

Next  to  hygiene  in  order  of  therapeutic 
value  in  the  treatment  of  nervousness  and 
worry  is  faith  —  simple,  trusting  faith.  Here 
is  the  physician,  looking  at  the  whole  matter 
from  the  physician's  point  of  view,  who  con- 
cludes that  nervous  health  without  faith,  is 
impossible.  Dr.  Sadler  and  Mr.  Carey  are  in 
agreement  in  respect  to  the  value  of  faith  in 
preserving  healthy  nerves.  Most  of  "New 
Nerves  for  Old"  is  devoted  to  impressing  this 
view.  It  would  not  do  to  pass  over  this  point 
without  quoting  a  paragraph  from  "Worry 
and  Nervousness"  (p.  50)  : 

"All  faith  tendencies  are  toward  mental  happi- 
ness and  psychical  health.  All  people,  good  or 
bad,  get  the  physical  rewards  of  faith,  regardless 
whether  the  objects  of  their  faith  and  belief  are 
true  or  false.  Faith  reacts  favorably  upon  the 
body  independent  of  the  trueness  of  the  object  or 
the  correctness  of  the  thing  believed.  Faith  is  the 
natural,  normal,  and  healthy  state  of  mind  for 
man.  Faith  is  the  state  of  mind  that  ever  tends  to 
make  a  man  better,  stronger,  happier,  and 
healthier." 

Dr.  Sadler  discusses  the  modern  use  of 
psychotherapy  and  therapeutic  suggestion, 
and  indorses  these  means  in  many  cases.  He 
also  considers  educational  therapeutics,  the 
strengthening  of  the  will,  the  value  of  recrea- 
tion, study,  play,  work,  and  social  service.  In 
particular  cases  these  are  all  of  great  value, 
because  they  relax  the  tense  nerves  of  the 
neurasthenic  and  substitute  wholesome  and 
upbuilding  ideas  for  narrow,  self-centred, 


52 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan.  16 


and  hypochondriacal  ones.  Mr.  Carey  ad- 
vances substantially  the  same  views,  though 
he  does  not  base  his  principles  upon  physical 
and  mental  laws  as  Dr.  Sadler  does.  As  a 
summary  of  all  his  suggestions,  Dr.  Sadler 
makes  self-mastery  the  supreme  aim,  which  is 
in  effect  the  conclusion  reached  by  Mr.  Carey 
and  most  of  the  others  who  have  written  upon 
this  complicated  subject  in  recent  times.  The 
real  secret  of  nervous  and  mental  health  is 
after  all  to  get  hold  and  keep  hold  of  one's 
self  in  the  midst  of  all  the  strains  and  stresses 
of  an  increasingly  complex  life. 

The  reviewer  may  perhaps  add  an  opinion 
of  his  own  which  seems  reasonable  in  view  of 
the  principles  developed  by  Dr.  Sadler  and 
others.  Nervousness  in  all  its  morbid  phases 
seems  to  show  nature's  attempt  to  destroy  the 
individual  who  is  not  living  in  accord  with  her 
laws  —  physical,  intellectual,  social,  and  re- 
ligious. And  in  order  to  escape  from  this 
trouble,  all  remedies  must  come  back  in  the 
end  to  simple,  rational  living  —  first  physical, 
then  social  —  to  live  in  harmony  and  good 
will  with  one's  fellows  —  and  religious  —  to 
have  faith  that  back  of  the  universe  and  sup- 
porting it  is  an  all-wise  and  all- just  power  and 
personality.  Most  people  who  study  human 
nature  come  to  this  conclusion  sooner  or 

later-  M.  V.   O'SHEA. 


RECENT  FICTIOX.* 


The  argument  is  sometimes  made  that  the 
novelists  of  our  day  have,  and  can  have,  noth- 
ing really  new  to  tell  us.  Men  and  women  are 
pretty  much  the  same  everywhere,  it  is  said, 
and  their  passions  have  been  recorded  in  all 
their  variety  by  the  long  procession  of  poets 
and  dramatists  and  story-tellers.  In  particu- 
lar we  are  assured  that  we  should  be  better  off 
reading  the  great  Victorians  than  the  novel  of 
the  season,  simply  because  they  did  all  that 
any  of  our  contemporaries  can  do  and  did  it 
better.  Many  of  us  who  are  interested  in 
novels  give  this  advice  lip-service  by  passing 
it  on  and  —  do  not  follow  it.  One  reason  is  to 
be  found  in  fashion.  To  the  mind  which  re- 
joices in  the  "Saturday  Evening  Post's" 
serials,  Thackeray  and  Dickens  are  as  hope- 
lessly old-fashioned  as  the  clothes  of  their 
day ;  the  same  is  only  less  true  of  a  more  criti- 
cal mind.  But  there  is  another  reason.  It  is 
that  in  certain  living  writers  one  may  satisfy 
(or  only  whet?)  a  curiosity  of  which  Thack- 

*  THE  SECOND  BLOOMING.  By  W.  L.  George.  Boston : 
Little,  Brown  &  Co. 

SINISTER  STREET.  By  Compton  Mackenzie.  New  York: 
D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

PELLE  THE  CONQUEROR:  Apprenticeship.  By  Martin  Ander- 
sen Nexo.  Translated  from  the  Danish  by  Bernard  Miall. 
New  York :  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 


eray  and  Dickens  knew  very  little  and  of 
which  they  did  not  always  tell  what  they 
knew.  There  is  one  obvious  retort  to  Mr. 
Frank  Harris's  sneer  at  Thackeray  because  he 
did  not  dare  to  give  Becky  Sharp  a  soul ;  it  is 
that  Becky  Sharp  exists.  There  is  an  equally 
obvious  retort  to  the  charge  that  Dickens  saw 
nothing  in  the  lower  classes  except  what  was 
funny.  It  is  that  the  lower  classes  are  funny. 
The  fact  remains  that  women  quite  as  wicked 
as  Becky  Sharp  have  souls  and  that  the  poor 
are  a  great  deal  more  than  amusing. 

It  is  the  fashion  just  now  to  belittle  science, 
especially  the  less  exact  sciences.  But  science 
does  count,  even  toward  the  novel.  Darwin 
and  Karl  Marx  did  not  live  in  vain.  Science 
can  tell  us  more  about  the  two  great  motives 
of  human  conduct,  the  erotic  and  the  economic, 
than  it  once  could ;  and  one  of  the  results  of 
the  scientific  method  is  a  tremendously  in- 
creased curiosity  about  the  things  it  has  only 
partially  revealed  to  us.  The  merest  hint  of 
new  knowledge  is  enough  to  create  an  active 
dissatisfaction  with  the  old.  It  may  be  a  long 
time  before  any  novelist  compels  us  to  under- 
stand what  the  socialists  like  to  call  "the 
working-class  mind, ' '  but  we  can  no  more  rest 
with  Dickens 's  sense  of  it  than  we  can  rest 
with  Thackeray's  ideas  about  women. 

"The  Second  Blooming"  is  an  example  of  a 
novel  that  could  hardly  have  been  written  a 
generation  ago.  David  Graham  Phillips  —  a 
writer  whose  merits  seem  to  have  been  hidden 
by  his  crudity  from  all  but  a  few  critics,  like 
Mr.  Arnold  Bennett  —  dealt  often  with  the 
same  general  theme:  the  futility  of  the  lives 
of  leisure-class  women.  But  he  never  worked 
it  out  as  subtly  as  Mr.  George  has.  The  story 
is  of  three  sisters,  all  of  whom  are  frustrated 
by  the  lives  they  lead  as  the  wives  of  well-to- 
do  men.  Grace  found  her  only  real  happiness 
during  the  three  years  she  conducted  a  liaison; 
Mary  found  a  certain  contentment  in  many 
children  •  Clara  expended  most  of  her  surplus 
energy  in  helping  her  husband's  political 
career.  It  looks  as  if  Mr.  George  had  set  out 
to  demonstrate  in  fiction  the  feminist  theory 
which  he  has  previously  expounded  in  argu- 
ment. But  there  is  more  to  it  than  that.  Most 
of  his  interest  is  in  Grace,  and  her  love  for 
Enoch  Fenor.  He  tells  what  went  on  in  her 
mind  frankly,  honestly,  and  without  preaching 
about  it ;  so  that  while  one  may  disapprove  of 
Grace,  or  pity  her,  or  respect  her,  one  can 
neither  hail  Mr.  George  as  one  who  perceives 
that  love  justifies  irregularity  of  conduct  nor 
damn  him  as  one  who  confuses  moral  values. 
There  are  some  weak  places  in  the  story. 
Mr.  George  has  avoided  telling  just  why  it  was 
that  Grace  found  herself  out  of  love  with  her 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


53 


husband;  it  wasn't,  as  he  would  have  us  be- 
lieve, just  because  she  had  nothing  interesting 
to  do  and  he  bored  her  with  his  interest  in 
what  he  had  to  do,  which  was  to  follow  the  law. 
Some  of  the  unhappiness  of  these  three  sis- 
ters, more  than  Mr.  George  admits,  was  due  to 
that  eternal  disparity  between  the  dream  and 
the  accomplishment  which  afflicts  every  hu- 
man being.  But  we  must  not  quarrel  with 
Mr.  George.  He  has  written  an  excellent 
novel,  and  one  much  more  readable  than  the 
clever  one  he  published  last  year,  "The 
Making  of  an  Englishman."  He  has  done 
more.  He  has  exhibited  a  kind  of  imagination 
which  is  too  rare  in  English  fiction,  an  imagi- 
nation that  has  enabled  him  to  see  (and  to  tell 
us)  how  it  was  with  Grace.  Because  his  inter- 
est is  always  in  understanding  her  rather  in 
moralizing  about  her  he  succeeds  in  arousing 
our  sympathy  for  a  woman  who  was  unable  to 
find  any  better  use  for  her  courage  or  any  more 
complete  expression  for  her  adventurous  spirit 
than  a  brief  and  secret  love-affair.  To  do  that 
is  as  much  finer  as  it  is  more  difficult  than 
merely  to  play  upon  our  sense  of  our  own  vir- 
tue by  presenting  us  with  a  properly  chastised 
sinner. 

Mr.  Compton  Mackenzie  has  rounded  off 
what  we  had  expected  was  to  be  a  trilogy 
with  his  second  volume.  "Sinister  Street" 
apparently  tells  all  that  we  are  to  know  of 
Michael  Fane,  whose  acquaintance  we  made  in 
"Youth's  Encounter."  Mr.  Mackenzie  asks, 
in  an  epilogue,  that  we  regard  his  volumes  as 
the  story  of  "the  youth  of  a  man  who  pre- 
sumably will  be  a  priest"  rather  than  "as  an 
idealized  or  debased  presentation  of  his  own 
existence  up  to  the  age  of  twenty- three. ' '  But 
we  cannot  freely  grant  his  request,  even 
though  we  do  not  know  how  much  of  an 
aesthete  Mr.  Mackenzie  was  when  he  was  at 
Oxford.  At  any  rate  these  two  novels  give  a 
more  complete  account  of  the  mind  of  a  young 
man  of  our  day  than  has  been  written  pre- 
viously in  English,  an  account  which  presents 
some  of  the  things  that  Thackeray  meant  when 
he  complained  that  his  public  would  not  per- 
mit him  to  tell  all  he  wished  about  Pendennis, 
and  a  good  many  more  besides.  For  Michael 
is  of  a  kind  of  sensitiveness  that  would  not 
have  interested  as  full-blooded  a  man  as  the 
creator  of  Colonel  Newcome,  and  Michael's 
experience  with  the  Miss  Fotheringay  sort  of 
person  is  very  different  from  anything  that 
was  omitted  by  tacit  request  from  Pendennis 's 
history.  We  mean  to  suggest  that  if  ' '  Sinister 
Street"  is  worth  reading,  and  we  think  it  is, 
the  fact  is  not  wholly  owing  to  its  free  use  of 
material  which,  as  Mr.  Henry  James  has  put 
it,  the  Victorian  novelist  "dodged." 


Perhaps  there  is  no  living  writer  who  is 
more  at  home  in  the  description  of  peasant  and 
working-class  life  than  Mr.  Martin  Andersen 
Nexo,  or  one  of  a  finer  spirit.  There  can 
hardly  be  one  who  is  dead,  because  his  point 
of  view  is  too  new.  But  we  hesitate  to  men- 
tion socialism  in  connection  with  "Pelle  the 
Conqueror,"  although  it  is  mentioned  once  or 
twice  in  "Apprenticeship,"  because  the  word 
is  so  likely  to  call  up  memories  of  propagan- 
dist novels  which  had  no  merit  except  their 
intention  to  improve  the  world.  Perhaps  Mr. 
Nexo  is  not  an  orthodox  socialist.  One  of  the 
most  illuminating  and  fascinating  chapters  in 
this  second  of  the  four  volumes  of  Pelle 's  his- 
tory tells  of  a  vagabond  workman,  the  most 
skilful  of  cobblers,  who  came  back  to  the  little 
shop  where  he  was  a  legend  and  gave  the  others 
a  glimpse  of  his  romantic  journey  through 
the  world,  and  of  that  vision  which  makes 
labor  artistry.  Would  an  orthodox  socialist 
have  put  that  passage  in  his  novel?  Doubt- 
less anybody  would  have  put  it  there  who 
could,  and  the  point  is  that  Mr.  Nexo  could. 
It  may  be  that  the  half  of  the  story  which 
we  have  still  to  read,  and  which  we  know  deals 
with  Pelle 's  experience  as  a  labor-leader,  will 
reveal  the  characteristic  weakness  of  the  propa- 
gandist, but  we  shall  be  surprised  if  it  does. 
For  so  far  Mr.  Nexo  seems  always  the  artist, 
the  man  of  feeling  who  is  bound  to  give  us 
what  he  has  lived,  and  only  what  he  has  lived. 

LUCIAN  GARY. 


BRIEFS  ox  NEW  BOOKS. 


A  richly  aius.       In  ' ' Earlv  American  Churches ' ' 
trated  history  of    (Doubleday)    Mr.   Aymar   Em- 

Colonicd  churches,  -i  TT  j'   A.'  •  -L     i 

bury  II.,  a  distinguished  prac- 
tising architect,  attempts  the  history  and 
description  of  the  most  important  group  of  our 
early  monuments.  Undertaken  primarily  for 
brother-architects,  it  places  at  their  disposal 
the  richest  collection  of  photographs  of  Colo- 
nial churches  yet  assembled.  In  the  one  hun- 
dred full  page  half-tones  are  illustrated  the 
exteriors  and  interiors  of  all  the  existing 
buildings  of  first  importance,  and  a  repre- 
sentative selection  of  others,  from  the  coloni- 
zation down  to  the  abandonment  of  Georgian 
traditions,  about  1830.  The  text, — with  archi- 
tect, antiquarian,  and  general  reader  all  in 
view, —  lacks  fixity  of  purpose  and  uniformity 
of  method.  In  general  the  effort  is  to  recover 
the  history  and  the  successive  forms  of  the 
buildings  discussed,  but  the  limits  of  rele- 
vancy in  ecclesiastical  episode  and  historical 
anecdote  are  frequently  passed.  The  lack  of 
an  alphabetical  index  is  a  serious  hindrance; 
frequent  misprints  and  slips  in  the  spelling  of 


54 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan. 16 


proper  names  force  the  reader  to  be  on  his 
guard.  The  author  shows  a  commendable  in- 
terest in  contemporary  documents,  and  adds 
to  the  published  stock  a  number  which  he  has 
encountered  in  several  years  of  correspon- 
dence and  travel,  notably  for  the  churches  at 
New  Haven.  Other  documents  are  repub- 
lished  from  parish  histories  and  previous  par- 
tial treatments,  and  much  oral  tradition  is 
gathered  up,  relating  both  to  the  original  struc- 
tures and  to  their  transformations.  The  case 
of  the  church  at  Sag  Harbor,  built  in  1843,  of 
which  the  original  builder  was  still  alive  in 
1912,  shows  the  occasional  possibilities  in  this 
direction.  Too  often,  however,  documentary 
evidence  is  not  sought  insistently  enough  or 
not  even  demanded;  vague  comparisons  of 
unsupported  assertions  with  estimates  of 
probabilities  take  the  place  of  methodical 
criticism.  The  section  covering  Trinity 
Church  at  Newport,  "reported  to  have  been 
built  in  1726,"  is  particularly  flagrant  in  this 
regard.  "Peter  Harrison  is  reported  to  have 
been  the  architect  of  this  building,  but  as 
Peter  Harrison  has  also  been  given  as  the 
architect  of  King's  Chapel,  Boston,  and  other 
churches  built  toward  the  latter  end  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  it  seems  improbable  that 
he  was  designing  at  this  early  date,  nor  does 
the  building  itself  bear  any  internal  evidence 
of  being  his  design."  The  importance  of  in- 
ternal evidence,  of  course,  is  very  great,  but 
such  evidence  should  be  verified,  wherever 
possible,  and  relied  on  exclusively  only  when 
other  testimony  is  found  to  be  lacking.  In 
the  case  in  hand  we  know  very  well  that  Peter 
Harrison,  whom  Mr.  Embury  elsewhere  de- 
scribes as  an  amateur,  was  our  first  trained 
architect,  who  came  over  with  Dean  Berkeley 
in  1729  and  designed  the  Eedwood  Library  in 
Newport  in  1748,  a  building  which,  like  his 
other  authenticated  works,  exhibits  a  schol- 
arly correctness  of  detail  quite  removed  from 
the  naivete  of  the  church  in  question.  In 
his  concluding  summary  of  development,  as  in 
some  of  the  interpretations  of  single  build- 
ings, the  author  is  led  astray  by  current 
misconceptions  of  architectural  history  and 
apparent  lack  of  knowledge  of  earlier  discus- 
sion. The  renaissance  of  classic  architecture 
in  England  had  scarcely  begun  when  the  first 
Virginia  colonists  left  the  mother  country,  and 
it  was  the  seventeenth  century  rather  than  the 
sixteenth  in  which  English  Gothic  dragged  out 
its  moribund  rural  exile.  The  first  London 
church  with  a  colonnaded  portico  was  St. 
Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  built  by  Inigo  Jones 
in  1631,  so  that  it  is  small  wonder  that  St. 
Luke's,  Smithfield,  Virginia,  1632,  does  not 
show  more  academic  feeling.  The  statement 


that  in  New  England  the  earliest  church 
buildings  resembled  no  English  buildings  at 
all,  ignores  their  exact  prototypes  in  the  chap- 
els of  English  dissenters  which  Mr.  Ronald  P. 
Jones  has  recently  described  in  his  little  book 
"Non-conformist  Church  Architecture."  Mr. 
Embury's  treatment  of  the  Classical  Revival,, 
especially,  reflects  the  habitual  lack  of  sympa- 
thy with  this  pervasive  movement.  The  ques- 
tion is  larger  than  personal  predilection;  it 
involves  recognition  of  the  historical  bases  of 
the  neo-classic  tendency  and  willingness  to 
criticize  its  representatives  by  the  canons  of 
their  own  age.  Only  by  such  historical  de- 
tachment can  the  superstition  of  a  death  of 
traditional  art  be  replaced  by  a  belief  in  its. 
unending  vitality. 


Within  the  brief  space  of  two- 

Autobiography  n£,  TI/T- 

of  a  woman  hundred  and  fiity  pages,  Miss 
Marie  Sukloff,  a  Russian  Jew- 
ess of  twenty-nine  years,  has  conveyed  to  En- 
glish and  American  readers  in  "The  Life 
Story  of  a  Russian  Exile"  (Century)  an 
astonishing  wealth  of  vivid  information  con- 
cerning Russian  despotism  and  the  efforts 
that  are  being  made  toward  its  overthrow. 
Miss  Sukloif  was  born  in  a  two-roomed  hut  — 
one  room  devoted  to  the  domestic  animals  — 
in  a  village  of  thirty  such  huts.  Inured  from 
infancy  to  hardship,  grinding  poverty,  and 
tyrannical  oppression,  she  was  apprenticed  at 
the  age  of  eleven,  first  to  a  woman  grocer  and 
then  to  a  tailor.  Even  at  that  age  the  sor- 
rows of  the  peasants  had  entered  into  her 
soul.  She  had  seen  the  fate  of  her  aunt,  out- 
raged and  then  beaten  brutally  and  buried 
while  still  alive  by  the  son  of  the  neighboring 
country  gentleman,  and  she  had  witnessed  the 
continual  desperate  struggle  of  her  own 
parents.  Imbued  with  the  new  aspirations  of 
the  period,  she  joined  in  a  strike  and  lost  both 
her  position  as  a  tailor's  apprentice  and 
nearly  a  year's  earnings,  whereupon  she  im- 
mediately began  devoting  herself  with  youth- 
ful ardor  to  the  propaganda  of  the  Social 
Democrats.  She  was  sent  by  her  parents  to 
Odessa  to  a  poor  uncle  to  secure  employment, 
but  became  increasingly  active  as  a  revolu- 
tionist, and  was  selected  to  set  up  a  secret 
printing  press  in  Kiev,  where  she  was  arrested 
and  thrown  in  prison.  After  more  than  two 
years  in  close  confinement,  she  was  exiled  for 
life  to  eastern  Siberia.  From  this  remote  re- 
gion, she  escaped  and  brought  back  to  Russia 
the  baby  of  an  exiled  couple,  thus  avoiding 
recognition  herself,  and  rendering  the  escape 
of  the  parents  a  future  possibility.  Embit- 
tered by  her  own  sufferings  and  filled  with 
pity  for  the  oppressed  people  of  her  country, 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


55 


she  joined  the  headquarters  of  the  Social 
Revolutionists  at  Geneva,  and  was  appointed 
to  assassinate  several  prominent  and  cruel 
officials,  finally  succeeding  in  killing  with  a 
bomb  the  terrible  Governor  Khvostoff.  She 
was  condemned  to  death,  but  was  exiled  in- 
stead to  a  distant  region  of  Siberia.  After 
suffering  for  some  years  physical  and  mental 
hardships  which  threatened  to  unsettle  her 
reason,  she  finally  escaped  through  a  daring 
and  brilliant  strategem  and  with  the  faithful 
assistance  of  devoted  fellow  revolutionists 
outside  the  prison.  This  escape  took  place 
from  the  prison  at  Irkutsh,  where  Miss  Suk- 
loff  had  been  taken  for  an  operation,  the  long 
deferment  of  which  by  the  heartless  neglect 
of  the  officials  had  almost  caused  her  death. 
It  was  almost  by  miracle  that  she  escaped  the 
permanent  ruin  of  her  health  by  the  terrible 
experiences  through  which  she  had  to  pass 
after  getting  outside  the  prison  walls.  She 
was  never  safe  from  reimprisonment  until  she 
sailed  from  Shanghai.  The  vivid  descriptions 
of  prison  interiors  and  prison  life  in  the  many 
prisons  occupied  by  the  writer,  the  thrilling 
narrative  of  experiences  and  emotions,  the 
portrayal  of  numerous  officials  and  revolu- 
tionists from  intimate  knowledge  render  the 
book  a  human  document  of  the  highest  value. 
It  illuminates  dark  and  dreary  Siberia  with 
a  lurid  brilliance.  Scarcely  conceivable  are 
the  cruelties  and  abominations  so  realistically 
reported  that  the  reader  cannot  doubt  their 
actuality.  The  book  may  well  make  one  hold 
one's  breath  in  suspense,  as  the  primitive  and 
cruel  government  it  exposes  hurls  its  myriads 
across  the  frontiers  of  Germany.  But  there 
is  also  another  and  very  moving  revelation  in 
the  little  book.  So  spontaneous  seem  the 
many  instances  related  of  kindness,  gener- 
osity, self-abnegation,  and  lofty  heroism  that 
one's  admiration  of  the  Russian  people  rises 
in  proportion  to  the  indignation  aroused 
against  the  tyranny  of  the  Russian  govern- 
ment. The  world  has  surely  much  to  antici- 
pate from  the  long  deferred  liberation  of  the 
Russians,  and  among  these  people  none  will 
give  a  finer  account  of  themselves  than  the 
Jews,  if  we  may  judge  from  the  gifts  and  the 
spirit  of  such  Jewish  women  writers  as  Marie 
Sukloff  and  Mary  Antin. 


The  promise  of  Mr.  Bertrand  Russell  has  pub- 
RusKpht  lished  Iris  Lowell  Lectures  of 
losophy.  1914  in  book  form  under  the 

title  of  "Scientific  Method  in  Philosophy" 
( Open  Court  Publishing  Co. ) .  He  begins  with 
the  statement  that  little  progress  has  been 
hitherto  discernible  in  philosophic  specula- 
tion. Philosophy  has  made  larger  claims  and 


achieved  fewer  results  than  any  other  branch 
of  learning.  The  great  systems  of  the  past  are 
of  no  vital  concern  to  us.  They  are  interesting 
only  as  hypotheses,  as  aids  to  the  imagination. 
Mr.  Russell  then  surveys  the  field  of  present- 
day  thought  and  discusses  three  chief  tenden- 
cies. There  is  first  of  all  the  classical  tradition 
which  descends  in  the  main  from  Kant  and 
Hegel.  Though  still  well  entrenched  academ- 
ically, this  represents  on  the  whole  a  decaying 
force.  It  is  based  on  the  omnipotence  of  rea- 
soning. Its  world  is  constructed  by  logic  with 
little  appeal  to  concrete  experience.  Then 
there  is,  in  the  second  place,  evolutionism,  still 
associated  with  the  name  of  Herbert  Spencer, 
who  in  turn  derives  from  the  earlier  English 
empiricists.  Its  modern  representatives  are 
Nietzsche,  William  James,  and  M.  Bergson. 
This  philosophy,  which  is  based  on  biology, 
has  a  predominant  interest  in  the  question  of 
the  destiny  of  life.  But  philosophy,  if  it  is  to 
be  a  genuine  study,  must  have  a  province  of 
its  own  and  aim  at  results  which  the  other 
sciences  can  neither  prove  nor  disprove.  In- 
tuition, insight,  mysticism  may  carry  convic- 
tion to  the  favored  recipient,  but,  untested  and 
unsupported,  they  cannot  constitute  a  suffi- 
cient guarantee  of  truth.  The  third  tendency 
is  the  one  which  the  author  himself  favors  and 
to  which  he  has  given  the  somewhat  unpre- 
possessing name  of  "logical  atomism."  This 
has  gradually  crept  into  philosophy  through 
the  critical  scrutiny  of  mathematics.  It  is 
akin  to  the  "new  realism"  which  has  recently 
been  developed  at  Harvard  and  other  Amer- 
ican universities.  It  represents  the  substitu- 
tion of  piecemeal,  detailed,  and  verifiable  re- 
sults for  large  untested  generalities.  The  true 
function  of  the  mathematical  logic  which  it 
employs  is  analytic  rather  than  constructive. 
It  shows  the  possibility  of  hitherto  unsus- 
pected alternatives.  It  liberates  the  imagina- 
tion as  to  what  the  world  may  be  while  refus- 
ing to  dogmatize  on  what  it  is.  Mr.  Russell's 
chapter  on  the  positive  theory  of  infinity 
shows  the  indebtedness  of  his  method  to  the 
mathematical  investigations  of  two  of  the  Ger- 
mans, Frege  and  Cantor,  and  of  the  English 
scholar,  Dr.  Whitehead.  Such  apparent  para- 
doxes as  that  an  infinite  number  cannot  be 
increased  by  adding  to  it  are  made  plausible 
to  the  layman  by  a  non-technical  demonstra- 
tion. The  last  chapter  is  on  the  notion  of 
cause,  with  application  to  the  question  of  free- 
will. The  author  finds  that  freedom,  in  any 
valuable  sense,  demands  only  that  our  voli- 
tions shall  be  the  result  of  our  own  desires  and 
not  of  an  outside  force.  Thus  philosophy,  in 
the  author's  opinion,  is  becoming  scientific 
through  the  simultaneous  acquisition  of  new 


56 


THE    DIAL 


I  Jan.  16 


mercan 

Joryandwit. 


facts  and  logical  methods.  It  has  suffered 
much  in  the  past  from  lack  of  modesty  in 
wanting  to  attack  the  larger  problems  at  once. 
But  now  it  is  ready  to  abandon  all  claims  to 
gratify  mundane  desires.  It  does  not  even 
presume  to  prophesy  about  the  future  of  the 
universe.  This  unpretentiousness  is  achieving 
its  reward.  The  new  method  has  already  been 
successful  in  such  time-honored  problems  as 
number,  infinity,  continuity,  space,  and  time. 
It  may  be  counted  upon  to  proceed  slowly  from 
success  to  success.  Mr.  Russell  is  one  of  the 
many  English  academic  writers  who  possess 
an-  enviable  gift  of  expression.  The  lucidity, 
precision,  and  elegance  of  his  style  are  so 
compelling  that  even  the  unphilosophically 
minded  will  find  no  stumbling  blocks  in  his 
exposition.  __ 

Dr.  Arthur  "Wentworth  Hamil- 
ton  Eaton's  interest  in  the  na- 

n      .-,  » 

tive  Tories  of  the  American 
Revolution  has  rendered  him  well  fitted  for 
the  preparation  of  "The  Famous  Mather 
Byles"  (Boston:  W.  A.  Butterfield).  Dr. 
Byles's  relationships  with  the  Mathers,  his 
alliance  by  marriage  with  several  of  the  patri- 
cian families  of  New  England,  his  long  pas- 
torate of  a  fashionable  Boston  church,  his 
far-famed  wit,  and  his  persistent  Toryism,  with 
the  resulting  loneliness  and  privation  of  his 
old  age,  all  help  to  make  him  a  picturesque 
character.  His  tradition  is  of  the  sort  that  is 
likely  to  grow  by  accretion,  and  particularly 
is  this  true  of  the  stories  of  his  wit.  It  is 
hard  to  believe  that  the  man  who  was  capable 
of  some  of  the  best  things  that  have  been 
ascribed  to  him  could  be  guilty  of  some  of  the 
worst.  Dr.  Eaton  repeats  .all  the  usual  anec- 
dotes, generally  without  citing  authorities, 
and,  one  is  tempted  to  feel,  without  careful 
winnowing.  In  other  biographical  matters  he 
has  been  thorough  and  apparently  exact.  He 
outlines  the  early  history  of  the  Byles  family 
in  America;  he  cites  the  will  in  which  In- 
crease Mather  bequeathed  to  his  grandson, 
Mather  Byles,  his  wearing  apparel,  excepting 
his  chamber  cloak,  and,  on  condition  that  the 
legatee  entered  the  ministry,  one-fourth  of 
his  library;  and  he  has  unearthed  the  record 
of  an  interesting  squabble  between  young 
Byles  and  James  Franklin  of  the  New  En- 
gland "Courant."  He  traces  in  some  detail 
Dr.  Byles's  long  career  as  pastor  of  the  Hollis 
Street  Church  —  one  of  the  many  careers  that 
remind  us  how  much  social  position  and  fam- 
ily connections  signified  in  the  early  life  of 
supposedly  democratic  Boston.  After  the 
Doctor  openly  espoused  the  loyalist  cause  the 
voices  that  speak  of  him  are  mostly  hostile, 


and  although  the  biographer  has  given  to 
these  only  their  due  weight  the  record  of  the 
later  years  is  necessarily  a  trifle  unsatisfac- 
tory. It  is  notable  that  Dr.  Eaton  remarks, 
without  mentioning  his  authorities,  that 
Joseph  Green,  the  Boston  humorist  and  dis- 
tiller who  parodied  some  of  Dr.  Byles's 
poems,  "had  none  too  amiable  a  feeling" 
toward  the  Doctor.  It  has  usually  been  sup- 
posed that  the  two  men,  who  were  fellow- 
students  at  Harvard,  fellow-contributors  to  a 
collection  of  poems,  and  later  fellow-loyalists, 
were  perfectly  friendly  in  their  combats  of 
wit.  The  author  has  a  fondness  for  odd  col- 
locations of  words,  such  as  "It  is  not  to  any 
one  difficult  in  these  days  to  see  why,"  but 
aside  from  frequent  sentences  of  this  sort  the 
book  reads  pleasantly.  It  contains  a  number 
of  interesting  portraits,  a  bibliography  of  Dr. 
Byles's  principal  works,  and  copious  notes, 
though  these  last  are  sometimes  silent  just 
where  a  citation  of  authority  is  most  to  be 
desired. 


The  music 
of  Russia. 


No  one  who  wishes  to  under- 
stand Russian  music  will  fail  to 
familiarize  himself  with  the 
writings  of  Mrs.  Rosa  Newmarch.  Her  book 
on  Borodin  and  Liszt,  her  monograph  on 
Tschaikowsky,  and  the  volume  here  reviewed 
on  the  Russian  opera  all  demand  attention  be- 
cause ,of  her  intimate  acquaintance  with  the 
land,  the  people,  and  the  literature  of  Russia, 
as  well  as  because  of  her  critical  knowledge  of 
the  music  of  Russian  composers.  Her  book 
on  "Poetry  and  Progress  in  Russia"  should 
be  mentioned  in  this  connection  because  in 
Russia  the  musician  has  worked  side  by  side 
with  the  poet,  and  the  advancement  of  the 
fatherland  has  been  an  interest  dear  to  both. 
In  "Russian  Opera"  (Dutton)  Mrs.  New- 
march  covers  the  whole  field  of  operatic  his- 
tory in  that  singular  and  somewhat  myste- 
rious country.  A  great  part  of  this  account, 
especially  that  of  the  earlier  periods,  has 
merely  an  historical  interest.  The  Russian 
opera  became  important  only  in  the  nine- 
teenth century.  It  was  then  that  the  great 
composers  appeared,  that  the  great  operas 
were  written,  that  the  peculiarly  national 
character  of  Russian  music  was  made  mani- 
fest, and  that  the  strength  and  weakness  of 
Russian  music  became  known  to  the  musical 
world  in  the  work  of  such  cosmopolitan 
musicians  as  Rubenstein  and  Tschaikowsky, 
and  of  such  nationalistic  composers  as  the 
"Invincible  Band,"  or  "The  Mighty  Five" 
(Balakirev,  Moussorgsky,  Rimsky-Rorsakov, 
Borodin,  and  Cesar  Cui).  We  find  the  two 
great  critics,  Serov  and  Stassov,  obscuring  as 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


57 


well  as  illuminating  musical  controversies.  We 
are  introduced  to  the  somewhat  antagonistic 
musical  circles  of  Balakirev  and  Balaiev.  We 
learn  of  the  production  of  the  operas  that 
make  Russian  music  perhaps  the  most  con- 
spicuous body  of  purely  national  music  in 
existence.  Mrs.  Newmarch  has  lived  in  Rus- 
sia, has  met  the  principal  protagonists  in  this 
drama,  has  sympathized  with  their  efforts  and 
intentions,  has  throughout  been  on  the  patri- 
otic side  of  controversies,  and  yet  has  main- 
tained a  judicial  attitude  toward  everything. 
Her  book  is  therefore  authoritative  and  con- 
vincing in  its  utterances.  Perhaps  she  makes 
too  much  of  the  national  aspects  of  this  music 
and  does  not  emphasize  sufficiently  the  lim- 
itations of  all  merely  national  music,  but  the 
value  of  her  criticisms  and  interpretations  is 
not  thereby  seriously  impaired  and  her  view 
of  the  movement  as  a  whole  does  not  disregard 
the  region  where  the  national  shows  its  rela- 
tions to  the  substantially  human  and  univer- 
sal. The  book  is  provided  with  portraits,  as 
well  as  a  number  of  other  illustrations,  and 
the  index  is  satisfactory.  Treating,  as  it  does, 
of  a  subject  which  has  by  no  means  had  the 
consideration  that  belongs  to  it,  the  book  be- 
longs in  every  musical  library. 


Mrs.p«nkhurst',  This  breathing  spell  in  the 
apologia  pro  woman  suffrage  agitation  in 
England  is  a  good  time  to  re- 
view what  that  agitation  has  effected  and  to 
consider  briefly  its  hopes  for  the  future. 
Mrs.  Emmeline  Pankhurst's  book,  "My  Own 
Story"  (Hearst's),  gives  an  excellent  even 
though  warmly  partisan  account  of  the  move- 
ment, especially  of  that  part  in  which  she  has 
been  concerned,  and  closes  with  hopeful 
prophecies  of  the  future.  Addressing  herself 
to  American  readers  and  appealing  for  their 
sympathies,  she  writes  with  a  very  telling 
directness  of  speech  about  the  attitude  and 
methods  of  the  English  government  in  seek- 
ing to  withhold  from  women  the  rights  to 
which  it  will  be  difficult  for  any  candid 
reader  of  her  book  to  maintain  that  they  have 
no  just  claim.  Even  of  the  violent  means  for 
obtaining  them  which  she  so  notably  advo- 
cates, she  makes  not  a  bad  defence — if 
violence  is  ever  defensible.  Certainly  as  mate- 
rial for  a  book,  her  stormy  experiences  of  the 
last  few  years  are  rich  in  incidents  of  an 
unusual  and  not  seldom  a  startling  nature. 
And  all  this  vehemence  and  hardihood,  so  lit- 
tle in  harmony  with  accepted  traditions  of 
what  is  most  excellent  in  woman  and  most 
truly  characteristic  of  her,  we  find  to  be  mani- 
fested not  by  one  disappointed  in  early  hopes 
of  domestic  happiness,  soured  by  the  repulse 


of  her  affection,  denied  the  privilege  of  moth- 
erhood, but  by  a  woman  gently  nurtured  in  a 
happy  home,  wedded  in  young  womanhood  to 
the  man  of  her  choice,  with  whom  she  enjoyed 
nineteen  years  of  sympathetic  and  loving  com- 
panionship, and  to  whom,  as  she  relates,  she 
bore  five  children.  A  most  interesting  and 
gifted  personality  is  this  that  is  presented  so 
frankly  in  "My  Own  Story,"  and  at  the  same 
time  the  book  is  a  clear  and  readable  account 
of  an  important  movement  in  English  public 
life  by  the  person  most  ardently  devoted  to 
the  success  of  that  movement.  In  closing  her 
last  chapter  she  feels  encouraged  to  hope  that 
further  militancy  on  the  part  of  women  will 
be  unnecessary,  that  past  governmental  mis- 
takes in  the  treatment  of  woman  suffragists 
will  not  be  repeated,  and  that  it  will  be  recog- 
nized how  impossible  is  the  task  of  "crushing 
or  even  delaying  the  march  of  women  towards 
their  rightful  heritage  of  political  liberty  and 
social  and  industrial  freedom."  The  book  is 
well  illustrated,  even  to  the  point  of  including 
certain  views  of  its  writer  in  situations  not 
exactly  enhancing  her  dignity. 


' '  Biblical  Libraries, ' '  as  used  by 
Book-collections  j)r  Ernest  Gushing  Richardson 

in  earliest  times.     .       i  •      ••       ••      ,1  L*ii.t    j»      .a 

in  his  book  thus  entitled,  does 
not  mean  collections  of  bibles,  or  libraries 
mentioned  in  the  Bible,  but  book-collections 
worthy  of  the  name  of  library  "in  Biblical 
places  in  Biblical  times";  and,  quite  unlike 
the  snakes  of  Ireland,  they  were,  he  believes, 
very  numerous  —  "thousands  or  even  tens  of 
thousands,  containing  millions  of  written 
books  or  documents."  As  in  his  immediately 
preceding  book,  "The  Beginnings  of  Libra- 
ries," the  author  gives  to  the  name  "library," 
perhaps  wisely,  a  more  inclusive  meaning 
than,  for  example,  the  Assyriologists  might 
be  inclined  to  allow.  "Archives"  might  well 
enough  be  the  term  used  by  them  instead  of 
"libraries,"  he  admits,  if  they  were  writing 
only  for  one  another;  "but  their  case  is  a 
little  different  in  this  matter  from  the  case  of 
metaphysicians  or  crytographers  [cryptog- 
raphers?], for  the  books  of  these  men,  unlike 
those  of  metaphysicians  and  mathematicians, 
are  keenly  desired  to  be  read  by  ordinary  mor- 
tals, the  field  is  one  of  general  interest  and  the 
works  of  these  men  the  very  best  work  done  in 
the  field."  This  keen  desire  on  the  part  of 
ordinary  mortals  to  read  the  writings  of 
Assyriologists  has  not  before  been  generally 
noted;  its  existence  is  a  hopeful  sign  in  the 
world  of  letters.  Mr.  Richardson's  diligence 
has  gathered  material  from  the  works  of 
archaeologists,  epigraphists,  Egyptologists,  and 
others,  to  fill  a  book  of  more  than  two  hundred 


58 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan. 16 


pages,  and  a  score  and  a  half  of  helpful  illus- 
trations are  interspersed.  The  work  is  well 
done,  and  one  is  the  more  willing  to  commend 
it  because  of  the  author's  modest  preliminary 
remark  concerning  his  necessarily  somewhat 
desultory  chapters,  that  "such  value  as  they 
have  lies  chiefly  in  the  fact  that  those  who 
could  do  the  work  better  do  not  do  it  at  all. ' ' 
As  is  already  known  to  many,  Dr.  Richard- 
son is  librarian  of  Princeton  University ;  and 
so  it  naturally  follows  that  the  Princeton 
University  Press  issues  his  book. 


Paris  in  time 
of  anarchy. 


Such  scenes  of  tumult  as  may 
possibly  be  repeated  before  long 
in  one  or  more  of  the  capitals  of 
Europe  are  stirringly  presented  by  Mr. 
Ernest  Alfred  Vizetelly  in  "My  Adventures 
in  the  Commune"  (Duffield).  At  the  close  of 
the  siege  of  Paris,  he  returned  with  his  father 
and  brother  to  the  harassed  and  disorganized 
city,  and  the  three  were  present  during  the 
weeks  of  turbulence  that  followed.  Both 
things  actually  seen  and  things  learned  on 
good  authority  are  recounted  by  this  expe- 
rienced chronicler  of  rather  exciting  personal 
adventure.  Among  other  excesses  of  the 
Communists  he  witnessed,,  for  example,  the 
burning  of  the  guillotine  in  what  is  now  the 
Place  Voltaire,  and  the  conflagrations,  as  he 
calls  them,  of  the  Prefecture  of  Police  and 
the  Palais  de  Justice.  Indeed,  he  gave  some 
hours  to  pumping  and  to  the  passing  of  buck- 
ets at  the  latter  fire.  He  also  remembers 
listening  to  a  public  speech  from  Louise 
Michel,  the  so-called  Red  Virgin  of  the  Com- 
mune. These  and  numerous  other  personal 
touches  give  life  to  his  detailed  account  of 
Parisian  events  in  these  memorable  months. 
Narrow  escapes,  too,  from  personal  injury  or 
even  death  are  not  wanting,  as  where  he  de- 
scribes his  casual  conversation  with  a  plumber 
near  the  Gare  Saint-Lazare,  and  its  abrupt 
termination  by  the  entrance  of  a  bullet  into 
the  workman's  temple  and  the  whistling  of 
others  in  the  immediate  vicinity.  The  duties 
of  a  journalist  seem  to  have  made  necessary 
the  author's  exposure  of  himself  to  the  perils 
of  the  time  and  place,  and  to  this  necessity 
the  book  is  indebted  for  much  of  its  stirring 
quality.  In  one  sense  a  sequel  to  the  same 
writer's  earlier  volume,  "My  Days  of  Adven- 
ture," which  tells  the  story  of  the  famous 
siege,  the  work  is  nevertheless  well  able  to 
stand  on  its  own  merits  and  can  be  read  with 
entire  satisfaction  independently  of  that  pre- 
vious narrative.  Many  illustrations  from'* 
contemporary  prints  and  photographs  enliven 
its  pages. 


The  teacher  of  ^n  Oberlehrer  is  a  teacher  in  a 
the  German  German  secondary  school,  that 

secondary  school.    ^    ^  &   claflsical   "gymnasium," 

or  its  modern  scientific  equivalent.  The  evo- 
lution of  this  class  of  German  school-master 
is  traced  in  concise,  clear  outlines  by  Dr.  W. 
S.  Learned  of  the  Carnegie  Foundation  for 
the  Advancement  of  Teaching  (Harvard 
University  Press).  The  book  is  based  to  a 
great  extent  on  the  late  Professor  Paulsen's 
"Geschichte  des  gelehrten  Unterrichts. " 
The  author  shows  how  the  Oberlehrer  was  but 
a  functionary  of  the  church  until  the  latter 
part  of  the  eighteenth  century,  and  how  since 
his  emancipation  from  ecclesiastical  control  he 
has  gradually  developed  collective  conscious- 
ness until  his  profession  now  ranks  in  dig- 
nity and  importance,  if  not  in  emoluments, 
with  the  higher  branches  of  law  and  medi- 
cine. The  changes  in  educational  outlook  are 
also  fully  discussed,  more  especially  the 
broadening  curriculum  of  the  last  several 
decades  since  the  monopoly  of  the  classics 
was  broken.  Dr.  Learned  has  a  vision  of  the 
time  when  American  teachers  shall  be  even 
more  rigorously  selected,  more  amply  and 
purposefully  trained  than  are  our  lawyers 
and  doctors.  He  finds  in  German  educational 
conditions  many  features  which  we  may 
profitably  imitate.  America,  he  believes,  is 
greatly  inferior  in  basal  education  and  speci- 
fic training.  Our  teachers  are  more  loosely 
organized  and  are  too  prone  to  regard  their 
occupation  as  a  stepping-stone  to  other 
things.  But  with  German  solidarity  goes 
much  deadening  routine.  The  freedom, 
initiative,  and  responsibility  which  the  Amer- 
ican teachers  possess  constitute  a .  priceless 
asset.  The  author  believes  further  that  the 
segregation  of  the  sexes  in  the  German  schools 
has  been  carried  too  far,  though  he  admits 
that  the  elementary  schools  in  America  have 
been  excessively  feminized. 


The  education 
of  girls. 


A  more  accurate  title  for  Pro- 
fessor William  A.  McKeever's 
"The  Industrial  Training  of 
the  Girl"  (Macmillan)  would  be  "Training 
the  Girl  for  the  Home."  The  author  ignores 
all  other  types  of  industry  in  which  the  girl 
might  engage,  and  devotes  his  attention  al- 
most wholly  to  the  training  of  the  girl  for 
domestic  occupations.  The  most  remarkable 
characteristic  of  the  book  is  the  author's 
unqualified  faith  in  the  happy  results  which 
he  believes  will  follow  the  adoption  of  his 
rather  general  programme  for  the  instruction 
of  the  girl.  Take,  for  instance,  the  optimistic 
statement:  "Plain  cooking,  plain  sewing, 
plain  serving,  and  plain  every-day  living  — 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


59 


once  the  ordinary  girl  has  had  her  life  well- 
defined  and  grounded  in  the  principles  of 
these  common  things,  she  has  certainly  made 
all  the  necessary  beginnings  of  a  beautiful 
and  happy  career."  Again,  in  another  chap- 
ter, he  suggests  a  plan  whereby  the  teacher 
would  grade  the  girl  in  her  monthly  report  on 
all  the  ordinary  subjects  taught  in  the  school, 
and  the  parent  in  the  same  report  would 
grade  her  on  washing  dishes,  sweeping  and 
•dusting,  preparing  meals,  darning  and  mend- 
ing, plain  sewing,  tending  the  baby,  etc. 
Leaving  aside  the  question  of  the  practica- 
bility of  such  a  plan,  it  is  doubtful  whether 
the  results  would  justify  the  author's  enthu- 
siastic statement  that  "Thus  the  personality 
of  the  ordinary  young  woman  of  the  future 
will  have  been  made  rich  and  deep  in  sym- 
pathy and  service,  full  and  strong  in  force 
and  magnanimity,  serene  and  poised  through 
the  inclusion  of  the  higher  things  of  the 
spirit." 

BRIEFER  MENTION. 

Uniform  in  size  with  Mr.  Sonnenschein's  "  The 
Best  Books "  and  Dr.  Ernest  A.  Baker's  "  Guide 
to  the  Best  Fiction  in  English  "  is  the  stout  volume, 
"A  Concordance  to  the  Poetical  and  Dramatic 
Works  of  Alfred,  Lord  Tennyson"  (Macmillan), 
•compiled  by  Mr.  Arthur  E.  Baker,  F.R.Hist.8. 
About  150,000  quotations  and  references  are  given, 
alphabetized  on  the  keyword  and  classified  accord- 
ing to  its  context  or  grammatical  function.  That 
the  list  of  omitted  words  (words  for  which  no 
quotation  is  furnished)  includes  less  than  two  hun- 
dred fifty  entries,  in  itself  bespeaks  the  compre- 
hensiveness of  the  compiler's  plan.  Over  eight 
years  ago  Mr.  Baker,  then  in  touch  with  public 
library  activities  in  the  north  of  England,  felt  the 
need  of  a  reference  work  like  this,  and  started  the 
task  of  compilation  which,  completed  after  years 
of  fruitful  industry,  will  be  of  great  value  to  the 
librarian,  the  student  of  English  literature,  and  the 
public  speaker. 

Most  of  Miss  Helen  Dawes  Brown's  little  book, 
"Talks  to  Freshman  Girls"  (Houghton),  is  com- 
posed of  advice  and  suggestions  about  the  very 
things  that  are  emphasized  especially  in  the  talks 
of  deans  and  instructors  to  girls  in  their  first  year 
in  college  —  the  art  of  reading,  the  use  of  the  pen, 
and  studies  "  for  delight,  for  ornament,  and  for 
ability."  Such  advice,  when  as  well  expressed  as  it 
is  in  these ..  brief  essays,  serves  for  momentary 
inspiration  to  the  college  girl,  but  it  does  not  really 
get  at  the  heart  of  the  most  pressing  problems  of 
her  freshman  year.  At  the  end  of  the  book,  how- 
ever, in  her  last  and  shortest  chapter,  which  she 
entitles  "  Everyday  Living,"  the  author  touches 
briefly  upon  some  topics  that  really  come  home  to 
the  girl  in  a  vital  way.  An  entire  volume  in  which 
each  one  of  these  questions  could  be  elaborated 
and  thoroughly  discussed  would  probably  prove  of 
much  more  practical  and  lasting  value  to  the  col- 
lege girl  than  the  present  book. 


A  translation  of  M.  Arzibashef's  notorious  novel, 
"  Sanine,"  is  announced  by  Mr.  B.  W.  Huebsch. 

The  good  news  comes  from  London  that  Profes- 
sor Gilbert  Murray  will  soon  be  ready  to  publish 
his  translation  of  Euripides's  "Alcestis." 

"  Memories  of  Forty  Years "  by  the  Princess 
Catherine  Radziwill  is  announced  for  immediate 
publication  by  the  Funk  &  Wagnalls  Co. 

A  translation  of  the  historical  works  of  Treit- 
schke,  edited  by  Mr.  William  Archer,  will  be  pub- 
lished by  Messrs.  McBride,  Nast  &  Co.  The  work 
is  expected  to  be  complete  in  six  volumes. 

A  new  edition  of  Mrs.  Gertrude  Atherton's 
"  Resanov "  and  "  The  Doomswoman "  is  to  be 
published  this  month  by  Messrs.  Frederick  A. 
Stokes  Co.  under  the  title  of  "  Before  the  Gringo 
Came." 

Twenty-nine  poems  by  Robert  Browning  and  six 
poems  by  Mrs.  Browning  not  hitherto  published 
will  be  included  in  a  volume  to  be  published  next 
week  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  under  the  title  of 
"  New  Poems." 

Mr.  H.  G.  Wells's  novel,  "Bealby,"  which  ran 
serially  in  "  Collier's  Weekly."  is  announced  for 
early  publication  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  Among 
other  novels  which  this  house  will  bring  out  shortly 
are  Mr.  Winston  Churchill's  "A  Far  Country  "  and 
Mr.  St.  John  G.  Ervine's  "  Mrs.  Martin's  Man." 

"Possession,"  a  fourth  volume  of  Mr.  George 
Middleton's  plays,  is  announced  for  publication  in 
February  by  Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  This  house 
will  also  bring  out  Miss  Constance  D'Arcy  Mack- 
ay's  book  "  How  to  Produce  Plays  for  Children  " 
and  Miss  Maud  Frank's  "  Short  Plays  about 
Famous  Authors." 

The  first  volume  of  the  "  Graphic  Art  Series  " 
edited  by  Mr.  Joseph  Pennell,  which  Mr.  Fisher 
Unwin  has  announced  in  London,  is  to  be  "  Lithog- 
raphy and  Lithographers:  Some  Chapters  on  the 
History  of  the  Art,"  by  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Robins  Pen- 
nell. The  second  volume,  "  Etching,"  will  be  writ- 
ten by  Mr.  Pennell. 

Mr.  Gilbert  K.  Chesterton's  novel,  "  The  Wisdom 
of  Father  Brown,"  will  be  published  this  month  by 
Messrs.  John  Lane  Co.  simultaneously  with  Mr. 
Horace  W.  C.  Newte's  "A  Pillar  of  Salt"  and 
Miss  Alice  Birkhead's  "Gabrielle."  Later  this  com- 
pany will  publish  Miss  Anne  Warwick's  story 
"  The  Chalk  Line  "  and  a  new  novel  by  Mr.  Ford 
Madox  Hueffer. 

A  volume  entitled  "  Essays  on  Chaucer,"  by 
Professor  George  Lyman  Kittredge,  is  one  of  sev- 
eral books  announced  for  early  publication  by  the 
Harvard  University  Press.  These  include  "  The 
History  of  Allegory  in  Spain,"  by  Mr.  Chandler 
Post ;  "  The  Poems  of  Giacomo  da  Lentino," 
edited  by  Mr.  E.  F.  Langley ;  "  The  Super- 
natural in  Tragedy,"  by  Mr.  Charles  Edward 
Whitmore ;  "  Some  Aspects  of  the  Tariff  Prob- 
lem," by  Professor  Frank  Taussig;  "The  Trust 
Problem,"  by  Mr.  E.  Dana  Durand;  and  "An 
Approach  to  Business  Problems,"  by  Mr.  Arch 
Wilkinson  Shaw. 


60 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan. 16 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  89  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY    AND    REMINISCENCES. 

Life  of  Benjamin  Disraeli  (Earl  of  Beaconsfield). 
By  William  Flavelle  Monypenny  and  Georgo 
Earle  Buckle.  Volume  III.,  1540-1855^  Illustrated 
in  photogravure,  large  8vo,  591  pages.  Macmillan 
Co.  $3.  net. 

A  Walloon  Family  in  America:  Lockwood  de  Forest 
and  His  Forbears,  1500-1848.  By  Mrs.  Robert  W. 
de  Forest.  In  2  volumes;  illustrated  in  photo- 
gravure, etc.,  large  8vo.  Houghton  Miffiin  Co. 
$5.  net. 

Sir  George  Etienne  Cartier,  Bart:  His  Life  and 
Times.  By  John  Boyd.  Illustrated  in  photo- 
gravure, etc.,  large  8vo,  439  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 

Personal  Memoirs  of  John  H.  Brinton.  With  photo- 
gravure portrait,  8vo,  361  pages.  Neale  Pub- 
lishing Co.  $2.  net. 

Life  of  Turner  Ashby.  By  Thomas  A.  Ashby,  M.D. 
With  portrait,  8vo,  275  pages.  Neale  Publishing 
Co.  $1.50  net. 

Diary  of  Nelson  Kingsley:  A  California  Argonaut 
of  1849.  Edited  by  Frederick  J.  Teggart.  8vo. 
179  pages.  Berkeley:  University  of  California. 
Paper. 

The  Story  of  Wendell  Phillips:  Soldier  of  the  Com- 
mon Good.  By  Charles  Edward  Russell.  16mo, 
185  pages.  Charles  H.  Kerr  &  Co.  50  cts.  net. 

HISTORY. 

The  Revolutionary  Period  in  Europe  (1763-1815). 
By  Henry  Eldridge  Bourne.  8vo,  494  pages. 
Century  Co.  $2.50  net. 

A  History  of  the  Peninsular  War.  By  Charles 
Oman.  Volume  V.;  illustrated,  large  8vo,  634 
pages.  Oxford  University  Press.  $4.75  net. 

A  History  of  Old  Kinderhook.  By  Edward  A.  Col- 
lier, D.D.  Illustrated,  large  8vo,  572  pages. 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $5.  net. 

A  History  of  the  Civil  War  in  the  United  States. 
By  Vernon  Blythe,  M.D.  With  map,  8vo,  411 
pages.  Neale  Publishing  Co.  $2.  net. 

The  Balkan  "Wars,  1912-1913.  By  Jacob  Gould 
Schurman.  Second  edition;  12mo,  140  pages. 
Princeton  University  Press.  $1.  net. 

From  Bull  Run  to  Appomattox:  A  Boy's  View.  By 
Luther  W.  Hopkins.  Illustrated,  12mo,  311 
pages.  Baltimore:  Fleet-McGinley  Co. 

Croscup's  Historical  Chart  of  the  European  Na- 
tions: Their  Origin  and  Development.  Large 
8vo.  New  York:  Graphic  Text  Book  Co.  Paper. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

Publications  of  the  Dramatic  Museum  of  Columbia 
University.  First  volumes:  The  New  Art  of 
Writing  Plays,  by  Lope  de  Vega,  translated  by 
William  T.  Brewster,  with  Introduction  by 
Brander  Matthews;  The  Autobiography  of  a 
Play,  by  Bronson  Howard,  with  Introduction  by 
Augustus  Thomas;  The  Law  of  the  Drama,  by 
Ferdinand  Brunetiere,  with  Introduction  by 
Henry  Arthur  Jones;  Robert  Louis  Stevenson  a? 
a  Dramatist,  by  Arthur  Wing  Pinero,  with  In- 
troduction by  Clayton  Hamilton.  Each  largo 
8vo.  New  York:  Dramatic  Museum  of  Columbia 
University. 

Letters  from  and  to  Joseph  Joachim.  Selected  and 
translated  by  Nora  Bickley;  with  Preface  by 
J.  A.  Fuller-Maitland.  Illustrated  in  photo- 
gravure, etc.,  large  8vo,  470  pages.  Macmillan 
Co.  $3.75  net. 

Masters  of  English  Literature.  By  Edwin  Watts 
Chubb,  Litt.D.  12mo,  446  pages.  A.  C.  McClurg 
&  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Mr.  Chamberlain's  Speeches.  Edited  by  Charles  W. 
Boyd;  with  Introduction  by  the  Right  Hon. 
Austen  Chamberlain.  M.P.  In  2  volumes,  large 
8vo.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $5.  net. 

The  Press  and  Poetry  of  Modern  Persia.  By  Edward 
G.  Browne,  M.A.  Illustrated,  8vo,  357  pages. 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $3.  net. 

Depreciations.  By  B.  Russell  Herts.  12mo,  170 
pages.  Albert  &  Charles  Boni.  $1.25  net. 

Dreamthorp:  With  Selections  from  "Last  Leaves." 
By  Alexander  Smith;  with  Introduction  by  Hugh 
Walker,  LL.D.  16mo,  319  pages.  "World's 
Classics."  Oxford  University  Press. 

DRAMA  AND  VERSE. 

Satires  of  Circumstance:  Lyrics  and  Reveries,  with 
Miscellaneous  Pieces.  By  Thomas  Hardy.  12mo, 
230  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Beside  the  Blackwater.  By  Norreys  Jephson 
O'Conor.  16mo,  72  pages.  John  Lane  Co.  $1.  net. 


Sonnets  of  a  Portrait-painter.  By  Arthur  Davison 
Ficke.  12mo,  65  pages.  Mitchell  Kennerley. 
$1.  net. 

Erdgeist  (Earth-spirit):  A  Tragedy  in  Four  Acts. 
By  Frank  Wedekind;  translated  from  the  Ger- 
man by  Samuel  A.  Eliot,  Jr.  12mo,  93  pages. 
Albert  &  Charles  Boni.  $1.  net. 

"  Der  Tag ";  or,  The  Tragic  Man.  By  J.  M.  Barrie. 
Svo,  20  pages.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  25  cts.  net. 

Thoughts  in  Verse  for  My  Friends.  By  John  Bonus, 
Ph.D.  With  portrait,  12mo,  84  pages.  Long- 
mans, Green  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Oxford  Garlands.  Selected  by  R.  M.  Leonard.  New 
volumes:  Poems  on  Travel;  Poems  on  Children; 
Poems  on  the  Arts.  Each  16mo.  Oxford  Uni- 
versity Press. 

War  Songs.  Selected  by  Christopher  Stone;  with 
Introduction  by  General  Sir  Ian  Hamilton.  16mo, 
188  pages.  Oxford  University  Press.  35  cts.  net. 

Sea  Songs  and  Ballads.  Selected  by  Christopher 
Stone;  with  Introduction  by  Admiral  Sir  Cyprian 
Bridge,  G.C.B.  12mo,  213  pages.  Oxford  Uni- 
versity Press.  35  cts.  net. 

Lyra  Nlgeriee.  By  Adamu  (E.  C.  Adams).  12mo, 
110  pages.  T.  Fisher  Unwin. 

A  Bar  of  Song.  By  Henry  E.  Harman.  Illustrated, 
large  Svo,  124  pages.  Columbia,  S.  C.:  The  Stats 
Co.  $1.50  net. 

Loaves  for  Hyacinths.  By  George  M.  P.  Baird. 
Svo,  56  pages.  Pittsburgh:  The  Aldine  Press. 

From  the  Outposts.  By  Cullen  Gouldsbury.  12mo, 
122  pages.  London:  T.  Fisher  Unwin. 

Poems.  By  George  W.  Cronyn.  12mo,  72  pages. 
Albert  &  Charles  Boni. 

The  Lutanist.  By  Alice  Wilson.  12mo,  96  pages. 
Richard  G.  Badger. 

The  Sweet  Miracle.  By  Ega  de  Queiroz;  done  into 
English  by  Edgar  Prestage.  16mo,  35  pages. 
Oxford:  B.  H.  Blackwell. 

Something  Beyond,  and  Other  Poems:  Recreations 
of  a  Busy  Life.  By  John  Gaylord  Davenport. 
With  portrait,  12mo,'  120  pages.  Richard  G. 
Badger. 

Jael:  A  Poetic  Drama  in  One  Act.  By  Florence 
Kiper  Frank.  16mo,  30  pages.  The  Chicago 
Little  Theatre.  Paper. 

Little  Old  Belgium.  By  Reginald  Wright  Kauff- 
man.  18mo,  79  pages.  Philadelphia:  Henry 
Altemus  Co.  50  cts.  net. 

FICTION. 

Sleeping  Waters.  By  John  Trevena.  12mo,  456 
pages.  Mitchell  Kennerley.  $1.35  net. 

The  Awakening.  By  Henry  Bordeaux;  translated 
from  the  French  by  Ruth  Helen  Davis.  12mo, 
438  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

The  Lone  Star  Ranger:  A  Romance  of  the  Barder. 
By  Zane  Grey.  With  frontispiece,  12mo,  373 
pages.  Harper  &  Brothers.  $1.35  net. 

Shepherdless  Sheep.  By  Essex  Smith.  12mo,  320 
pages.  London:  T.  Fisher  Unwin. 

Paying  the  Price!  By  Hope  Daring.  With  frontis- 
piece, 12mo,  236  pages.  American  Tract  Society. 

Moon-stories.  By  Mary  Ellis  Robins.  16mo,  119 
pages.  Woodstock,  N.  Y.:  The  Maverick  Press. 
Paper. 

PUBLIC    AFFAIRS. —  SOCIOLOGY    AND 
ECONOMICS. 

The  Individual  Delinquent:  A  Text-book  of  Diag- 
nosis and  Prognosis  for  All  Concerned  in  Under- 
standing Offenders.  By  William  Healy,  M.D. 
Large  Svo,  830  pages.  Little,  Brown  &  Co. 
$5.  net. 

Intervention  and  Colonization  in  Africa.  By  Norman 
Dwight  Harris;  with  Introduction  by  James  T. 
Shotwell.  Illustrated,  Svo,  384  pages.  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co.  $2.  net. 

Money  and  Banking.  By  John  Thorn  Holdsworth, 
Ph.D.  12mo,  439  pages.  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 
$2.  net. 

A  History  of  French  Public  Law.  By  Jean  Brissaud; 
translated  by  James  W.  Garner,  with  Introduc- 
tions by  Harold  D.  Hazeltine  and  Westel  W. 
Willoughby.  Large  Svo,  581  pages.  "  Conti- 
nental Legal  History  Series."  Little,  Brown  & 
Co.  $4.50  net. 

What  "Women  "Want:  An  Interpretation  of  the  Fem- 
inist Movement.  By  Beatrice  Forbes-Robertson 
Hale.  12mo,  307  pages.  F.  A.  Stokes  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Economic  Cycles:  Their  Law  and  Cause.  By  Henry 
Ludwell  Moore.  Svo,  149  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$2.  net. 

Problems  of  Power.  By  W.  Morton  Fullerton.  Re- 
vised edition;  Svo,  390  pages.  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons.  $2.25  net. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


61 


BOOKS    ABOUT    THE    WAR. 

The  Diplomatic  HLstory  of  the  War.  Edited  by 
M.  P.  Price,  M.A.  Large  8vo,  344  pages.  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons.  $2.25  net. 

Treitochke  and  the  Great  War.  By  Joseph  McCabe. 
12mo,  287  pages.  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Political  Thought  of  Helnrtch  von  Treltschke. 
By  H.  W.  C.  Davis,  M.A.  Large  8vo,  295  pages*. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $1.75  net. 

Britain  as  Germany's  Vassal.  By  Priedrich  von 
Bernhardi;  translated  from  the  German  by  J. 
Ellis  Barker.  12mo,  255  pages.  George  H.  Doran 
Co.  $1.  net. 

Prance  and  the  Next  War:  A  French  View  of  Mod- 
ern War.  By  Commandant  J.  Colin;  translated 
by  Major  L.  H.  R.  Pope-Hennesey.  12mo,  308 
pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  World  War:  How  It  Looks  to  the  Nations  In- 
volved and  What  It  Means  to  Us.  By  Elbert 
Francis  Baldwin.  12mo,  267  pages.  Macmillan 
Co.  $1.25  net. 

Britain's  Case  against  Germany:  An  Examination 
of  the  Historical  Background  of  the  German 
Action  in  1914.  By  Ramsay  Muir.  12mo,  196 
pages.  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

Fatherland.  By  Will  Levington  Comfort.  12mo,  58 
pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co.  25  cts.  net. 

ART    AND    ARCHITECTURE. 

Winslow  Homer.  By  Kenyon  Cox.  Illustrated  in 
color  and  photogravure,  large  8vo,  66  pages. 
"  Limited  Edition."  Frederick  Fairchild  Sher- 
man. $12.50. 

Vaudeville.  By  Caroline  Coffin;  with  pictures  in 
color,  etc.,  by  Marius  de  Zayas.  8vo,  231  pages. 
Mitchell  Kennerley.  $3.  net. 

The  English  Parish  Church:  An  Account  of  the 
Chief  Building  Types  and  of  Their  Materials 
during  Nine  Centuries.  By  J.  Charles  Fox, 
LL.D.  Illustrated,  8vo,  338  pages.  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons. 

EDUCATION. 

Confessions  of  a  Schoolmaster,  and  Other  Essays. 
By  Lewis  R.  Harley,  Ph.D.  12mo,  156  pages. 
J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Industrial  Training  of  the  Girl.  By  William 
A.  McKeever.  Illustrated,  12mo,  82  pages.  Mac- 
millan Co.  50  cts.  net. 

Beowulf:  A  Metrical  Translation  into  Modern 
English.  By  John  R.  Clark  Hall.  12mo,  114 
pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 


New  Practice-book  in  English  Composition.  By 
Alfred  M.  Hitchcock.  12mo.  447  pages.  Henry 
Holt  &  Co. 

The  Journal  of  the  Joint  Committee  of  Fifteen  on 
Reconstruction.  By  Benjamin  B.  Kendrlck, 
Ph.D.  Large  8vo,  415  pages.  Columbia  Uni- 
versity Press.  Paper. 

Materials  for  the  Study  of  I'.unlisli  Literature  and 
Composition.  Edited  by  Frank  Aydelotte.  12mo, 
446  pages.  Oxford  University  Press.  75cts.net. 

The  Organization  and  Administration  of  a  State's 
Institutions  of  Higher  Education.  By  Arthur 
Lefevre.  Large  8vo,  524  pages.  Austin,  Texas: 
Von  Boeck-Mann-Jones  Co.  Paper. 

Shorter  German  Poems.  Selected  and  edited  by 
James  Taft  Hatfleld.  16mo,  110  pages.  D.  C. 
Heath  &  Co.  35  cts.  net. 

Essentials  of  German.  By  B.  J.  Vos.  Fourth  edi- 
tion, revised.  12mo,  349  pages.  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

Gulliver's  Travels:  A  Voyage  to  Lilliput  and  a 
Voyage  to  Brobdingnag.  By  Jonathan  Swift, 
D.D.;  edited  by  Edward  K.  Robinson.  Illus- 
trated, 16mo,  256  pages.  Ginn  &  Co.  40  cts.  net. 

Le  Ble  qul  Leve.  Par  Ren6  Bazin;  edited  by  Theo- 
dore Lee  Neff.  Illustrated,  16mo,  300  pages. 
Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

Gmndziige  der  deutschen  Grammatlk.  Von  B.  J. 
Vos.  12mo,  46  pages.  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

On  the  Cosmic  Relations.  By  Henry  Holt.  In  2 
volumes,  large  8vo.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $5.  net. 

The  Oil  Conquest  of  the  World.  By  Frederick  A. 
Talbot.  Illustrated,  8vo,  310  pages.  "Conquests 
of  Science  Series."  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Brittany  with  Bergere.  By  •William  M.  E.  White- 
lock;  with  pictures  by  Decima.  12mo,  152  pages. 
Richard  G.  Badger.  $1.50  net. 

Self-training  for  Mothers.  By  Mrs.  Burton  Chance. 
12mo,  278  pages.  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Operations  upon  the  Sea:  A  Study.  By  Freiherr 
von  Edelsheim.  12mo,  107  pages.  New  York: 
Outdoor  Press.  75  cts.  net. 

Report  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  and  Report  of 
the  Superintendent  of  the  Library  Building  and 
Grounds,  1914.  With  frontispiece,  large  8vo,  216 
pages.  Washington:  Government  Printing  Office. 

Negro  Year  Book:  An  Annual  Encyclopedia  of  the 
Negro,  1914-1915.  Edited  by  Monroe  N.  Work. 
8vo,  448  pages.  Tuskegee  Institute:  Negro  Year 
Book  Publishing  Co.  Paper,  25  cts.  net. 

The  Water-power  Problem  In  the  United  States. 
By  Rome  G.  Brown.  8vo,  33  pages.  Yale  Law 
Journal.  Paper. 


WILLIAM  DOXEY 

AUTHORS*  AND  PUBLISHERS'  LITERARY  AGENT 
535  S.WABASH  AVENUE.  CHICAGO 

MANUSCRIPTS  READ  AND  REPORTED... .  MANUSCRIPTS  PREPARED  FOR  THE 

PRESS  BY  SPECIALISTS. ...EXPERT  ADVICEON  PUBLISHING....  BOOK  COVERS 

ILLUSTRATIONS. ...MERITORIOUS    MANUSCRIPTS  PLACED 

CORRESPONDENCE  INVITED 

LIBRARY  ORDERS 

OUR  facilities  for  completely  and 
promptly  filling  orders  from 
public  libraries  are  unexcelled.  Our 
location  in  the  publishing  center  of 
the  country  enables  us  to  secure  im- 
mediately any  book  not  in  our  very 
large  stock. 

Our  service  is  the  best,  for  all  parts  of  the  country.  Give  us  a  trial. 

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  COMPANY 

Union  Square  North     NEW  YORK  CITY     33-37  East  17th  St. 


Out  of  Print  Books 

Autograph  Letters 

First  Editions 

MR.  ERNEST  DRESSEL  NORTH  desires 
to  inform  his  friends,  customers,  and 
the  book-buying  public  that  he  has  a 
large  stock  of  rare  second-hand  books 
and  autograph  letters  constantly  on 
hand.  He  is  always  ready  to  buy  or 
sell  such,  and  to  correspond  with 
librarians,  collectors,  and  booksellers 
regarding  these  specialties. 


ERNEST  DRESSEL  NORTH 

4  East  Thirty-ninth  Street  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Hinds  and  Noble.  31-33-35  West  15th  SU  N.  Y.  City.    Write  for  Catalogue. 


62 


THE    DIAL, 


[Jan.  16 


MRS.  RACHEL  WEST  CLEMENT 

Experienced  Authors'  Agent,  Reader  and  Critic,  Specializing  in  Short 

Stories.     Reading  fee,  $1.00  for  5,000  words  or  under,  includes  short 

criticism.  Circulars  on  request. 

6646  Germantown  Ave.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


The  BESTOOL  SYSTEM 

Subject-Index  for  Private  Library 

Will  control  material  in  Homiletics  and  Social  Reform. 
Simple,  inexpensive,  adaptable,  efficient.    Address 

THE  BESTOOL  SYSTEM 
A.  B.  Long,  Westerleigh,  S.  I.,  New  York  City 


"DARE  books  and  first  editions  collected 
•*-^-  and  arranged  for  people  who  are  too 
busy  to  attend  to  the  forming  of  libraries. 

Address  E.  V.,  Boston  Transcript 
BOSTON,  MASS. 


FACTS,  STATISTICS 

and  other  material  for  addresses,  reports,  essays.  Literary 
advice  and  criticism.  Revision  and  correction  of  MSS.  Gen- 
ealogical research.  Bureau  of  Research,  New  Albany,  Ind. 


Short -Story  Writing 

A  Course  of  forty  lessons  in  the  history, 
form,   structure,  and  writing  of  the 
Short-Story   taught  by   Dr.  J.  Berg 
Esenwein,  Editor  of  Lippincott's  Magazine. 
One  student  writes:    "I  know  that  you  will 
be  pleased  when  I  tell  you  that  I  have  just 
received  a  check  for  $125  from  'Everybody 's ' 
for  a  humorous  story.     They  ask  for  more. 
I  am  feeling  very  happy,  and  very  grateful  to 
Dr.  Esenwein." 

Also  courses  in  Photoplay  Writing,  Versi- 
fication and  Poetics,  Journalism.  In  all, 
over  One  Hundred  Courses,  under  profes- 
sors in  Harvard,  Brown,  Cornell,  and  other 
leading  colleges. 


Dr.  Esenweln 


250-Page  Catalog  Free.     Please  Address 

The  Home  Correspondence  School 

Dept.  571  Springfield,  Mas*. 


The  Study- Guide  Series 

FOR  USE  IN  HIGH  SCHOOLS:    The  Study  of  Ivanhoe,  The  Study  oi  Four 

Idylls.    Send  for  special  price-list. 
FOR  STUDY  CLUBS:    Study-Guides  arranged  for  use  with  traveling 

libraries,  town  libraries,  etc.    Subjects:  Historical  Novels  and 

Plays  of  Shakespeare,  Idylls  of  the  hind,  etc. 

FOR  THE  TEACHERS  OF  PRIMARY  GRADES :    Motor  Work  and  Formal  Studies. 
H.  A.  DAVIDSON,  The  Study-Guide  Series.  Cambridge,  Mass. 


JUST  PUBLISHED 

Studies  in  Southern  History  and  Politics 

Edited  by  JAMES  W.  GARNER 

Professor  of  Political  Science  in  the  University  of  Illinois 

8vo,  cloth,  pp.  viii  +  394.    Price  $2.50  net. 
A  collection  of  fifteen  articles  on  topics  relating  to  the 
South  by  professors  in  various  colleges  and  universities  of 
the  country. 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

LEMCKE  AND  BUECHNER,  Agents 
30-32  West  27th  Street  NEW  YORK 


FM      HOI    I  Y   AUTHORS'  AND  PUBLISHERS' 
.  1VI  .    n\Sl*l*I  REPRESENTATIVE 

156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York          (Established  1905J 
BATES  AND  FULL  INFORMATION  WILL  BE  SENT  ON  REQUEST 


AUTHORS! 


We  can  sell  your  stories,  poems,  etc. 
Terms,  15%.    Also  expert  criticism, 
revision  and  typing  of  MSS.Write  for 
circular.    W.  LABBERTON  CO.,  1308  Hoe  Ave.,  New  York  City. 


THE  NEW  YORK  BUREAU  OF  REVISION 

Thirty-fifth  Year.  LETTERS  OF  CRITICISM,  EXPERT 
REVISION  OF  MSS.  Advice  as  to  publication.  Address 
DR.  TITUS  M.  CO  AN,  424  W.  1 19th  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


MANUSCRIPTS 
CRITICISED       REVISED        PLACED 

N.  SHEPPARD 

149  WEST  UTH  STREET  NEW  YORK  CITY 

If  you  want  results  send  stamp  for  circular 

MSS.  SUCCESSFULLY  PLACED 

Criticised,  Revised,  Typed 

Send  for  Leaflet  D 

References : 
Edwin  Markham  and  others.    Established  1890. 

UNITED  LITERARY  PRESS,  123  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 


MANUSCRIPTS 

edited  and  revised.    Letters  of  criticism.    Advice  as 
to  publication. 

Address,  ROBERT  J.  SHORES,  Hotel  Marie  Antoinette 
New  York  City 


110  N.  WABASH  AVE. 
CHICAGO 


INDEX  OFFICE,  Inc. 

Undertakes  searches  in  libraries,  museums,  files  and  records  of 
Chicago  and  elsewhere,  indexes,  compiles,  and  abstracts  literary 
and  statistical  material  for  the  use  of 

MANUFACTURERS,  SCIENTISTS  and  INVESTIGA- 
TORS. CARD  INDEXES  to  CURRENT  SCIENTIFIC 
and  TECHNICAL  MATERIAL  a  SPECIALTY. 

AKSEL  G.  S.  JOSEPHSON,  Secretary. 


PHOTO  PLAYWRIGHTS 

Send  your  rejected  photoplays  to  us  for  correction,  revision 
and  criticism.  Mss.  typed,  meritorious  scripts  placed. 
Authors  of  novels,  short  stories  and  books  wishing  their 
material  dramatized  and  placed  in  regular  photoplay  form, 
address  us  as  to  your  wants.  Circular  on  request. 

REX  LITERARY  BUREAU 


57  STOCKTON  ST. 


BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 


ART  vs.  PROFIT 

Do  you  wish  to  succeed  at  writing  ?  Then  forget  that  you  want 
to  make  money  out  of  it,  and  devote  yourself  to  doing  your  work 
well;  thus  will  you  achieve  artistic  excellence,  and  profit  will 
follow.  Let  us  send  you  free  our  beautiful  correspondence-study 
catalogue.  The  sight  of  it  is  an  sesthetic  tonic  ;  its  contents  will 
be  a  revelation  to  you.  We  offer  over  100  courses  for  the  writer. 

School  of  Literary  Craftsmanship  and  Aesthetics 

WASHINGTON.  D.  C. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


63 


BOOKS  (Secondhand^  Catalogues,  including  Americana,  post  free 
R.  ATKINSON,  97  Sunderland  Road,  Forest  Hill,  LONDON,  ENG- 


ALL   OUT-OF-PRINT    BOOKS    SUPPLIED. 

no  matter  on  what  subject.  Write  us.  We  can  get 
you  any  book  ever  published.  Please  state  wauls.  Catalogue  free. 
BAKER'S  GREAT  BOOK  SHOP.  14-16  Bright  St.,  BIRMINGHAM.  ENO. 

Over  1,000,000  volumes  second  hand  at  half  price.  New, 
25%)  discount.     State  wants.     Catalogue  free.     Books 
bought.     FOYLE,  121  Charing  Cross  Road,  London,  England. 


SECOND-HAND  BOOKS.    General  Literature,   ist  Editions. 

Enquiries  esteemed.    Frequent  catalogues  post  free. 

GORFIN,  82A.  CHARING  CROSS  ROAD,  LONDON.  W.  C. 

W.  HEFFER  &  SONS,  LTD. 

BOOKSELLERS 

CAMBRIDGE,  ENGLAND 

Classified  Catalogues  issued  regularly,  English  Literature,  Science 
and  Mathematics,  Oriental  and  Travel,  Classical,  Historical,  The- 
ology, Philosophy  and  Economics,  etc. 

Let  us    register  your  name   for  catalogues,  and    send  us  your 
List  of  Wants.     We  carry  an  immense  stock. 


The  Advertising  Representative  of  THE  DIAL 
in  England  is 

MR.  DAVID  H.  BOND 

407,  Bank  Chambers,  Chancery  Lane,  London,  W.  C., 

who  can  furnish  full  information  regarding  rates,  etc., 
and  through  whom  advertising  orders  may  be  sent. 


CATALOGUE  of  UNCOMMON  BOOKS 

Relating  to  the  American  Revolution,  Civil  War, 
Indians,  Lincoln,  Canada,  Etc. 

CATALOGUE  OF 

FIRST  EDITIONS  of  ENGLISH  and 
AMERICAN  AUTHORS 

Sent  on  request 

C.  GERHARDT  &  CO.,  120  East  59th  St.,  New  York 


Our  Bargain  Book  Catalog  Will  Be 
Sent  on  Request 

"l  am  always  interested  in  your  catalogs.    They  are  the  best  printed, 
and  as  a  whole,  the  prices  the  most  reasonable  of  any  I  receive." 

An  unsolicited  comment  from  a  prominent  college  professor. 

THE  H.  R.  HUNTTING  CO..  Booksellers  and  Publisher* 

Springfield,  Massachusetts 


ART  IN  AMERICA 

AN  ILLUSTRATED  BI-MONTHLY  MAGAZINE 
$5.00  a  Year       $1.00  a  Copy 

"A  magazine  of  such  dignified  purpose  with  a  staff  of 
authoritative  writers  should  succeed  from  the  start." 

— New  York  Times. 

Art  in  America  numbers  among  its  contributors  the 
greatest  living  authorities  upon  art. 

"It  ought  to  have  a  long  life." — London  Times. 

"The  typographical  dress  commands  attention  like  all 
that  comes  from  this  source  of  publication." 

— New  York  Sun. 

FREDERIC  FAIRCHILD  SHERMAN 

1790  BROADWAY  NEW  YORK  CITY 


LOOSE-LEAF  DEVICES 
for  LIBRARY  RECORDS 

Make  your  work  easier,  quicker,  better.     Use 

Loose  -  Leaf    Accession    Records 
and  Borrowers'  Registers 

They   are  made  to  be  used  in  a  typewriter.     For 

your  library  this  means 
Economy     Speed     Accuracy     Neatness 

Order  from 
LIBRARY  SUPPLIES  DEPARTMENT 

DEMOCRAT  PRINTING  COMPANY 

MADISON,  WIS. 


BOUND  VOLUMES  OF  THE  DIAL 

Volumes  LVI.  (January  1  to  June  16,  1914)  and  LVII.  (July  1  to 
December  16,  1914)  of  THE  DIAL  are  now  ready,  bound  in  dark  brown 
cloth,  back  and  side  stamps  in  gold,  and  will  be  sent  prepaid  to  any  address 
at  $1.50  each. 

Subscribers  may  exchange  their  copies  for  new,  clean  copies,  bound 
as  above,  at  $1.00  per  volume. 

We  have  on  hand  a  limited  supply  of  volumes  for  previous  years, 
uniformly  bound,  which  we  can  furnish  at  moderate  prices.  Subscribers 
wishing  to  complete  their  sets,  or  to  exchange  their  copies  for  bound 
volumes,  are  invited  to  correspond  with  us. 


THE  DIAL 


632  Sherman  Street 


CHICAGO 


64 


THE    DIAL 


[Jan.  16,  1915 


COMPLETE  REVIEWS  OF 
THREE  NEW  BOOKS 


WORTHY  OF  SPECIAL 
ATTENTION 


THE  ROSIE  WORLD 

By  Parker  Fillmore 

Illustrated,  $1.30  net 

(from  The  New  York  Evening  Post) 

Many  of  the  chapters  9f  this  book  have  appeared  as 
short  stories  in  various  periodicals,  but  one  who  has  read  them 
piecemeal  and  enjoyed  their  rich  humor  and  keen  insight  into 
human  nature  will  be  glad  to  read  them  all  again,  linked  up  as 
they  are  in  the  book.  The  amazing  thing  is  how  a  mere_  man 
can  so  understand  the  vagaries  of  several  kinds  of  femininity, 
from  forty-or-so-year-old  Maggie  O'Brien  down  to  little 
Geraldine,  in  the  throes  of  teething  during  the  mid-summer 
heat  of  New  York.  At  least,  if  he  does  not  really  understand, 
in  his  own  mind,  he  gives  such  a  good  imitation  of  it  that 
most  women  who  read  will  have  a  little  prick  of  self-con- 
sciousness behind  their  smiles.  Rosie  herself  is  one  of  the 
sweetest  creations  in  present-day  fiction.  She  has  no  more  sense 
of  humor  then  John  Shand  himself,  but  when  one  has  not  a 
tear  in  the  eye  over  her  bigheartedness,  her  earnestness  in 
doing  what  she  believes  to  be  her  duty,  he  has  tears  in  both 
eyes  over  the  Irish  humor  of  the  situations  that  her  earnest- 
ness and  lack  of  humor  so  often  call  out.  To  one  who  enjoys 
genuine  humor,  without  a  hint  of  coarseness,  who  prefers  little 
pictures  from  life  that  leave  a  good  taste  in  the  mouth,  and  who 
appreciates  the  setting  forth  of  such  pictures  in  good  English, 
this  collection  will  be  distinctly  welcome. 


BELSHAZZAR  COURT 

Or  Village  Life  in  New  York  City 

By  Simeon  Strunsky 

$1.25  net 

(From  The  Nation) 

With  a  typically  incongruous  turn,  Simeon  Strunsky 
entitles  his  latest  volume  "Belshazzar  Court,  or  Village  Life 
in  New  York  City"  (Holt;  $1.25  net).  Readers  of  the  Atlantic 
Monthly  will  recognize  most  of  these  "field  notes"  on  the 
New  Yorker  in  his  apartment  house  or  on  the  street,  in  the 
theatre  or  at  the  baseball  park.'  To  the  cosmopolitan  these 
covertly  serious  essays  will  present  a  humorous  picture  of 
life  as  it  is  endured  in  Manhattan.  To  the  Gothamite  they 
will  seem  a  brilliant  review  of  familiar  but  unregarded  phases 
of  his  own  existence.  For  they  are  indeed  packed  with  shrewd, 
often  penetrating,  observation  of  public  manners  and  homely 
customs.  Most  readers  may  be  more  taken  with  the  writer's 
fresh,  quaint,  witty,  or  hyperbolical  way  of  putting  things, 
since  he  has  made  his  chief  bid  for  popularity  as  a  humorist. 
He  has,  to  be  sure,  a  sharp  eye  for  the  inconsistencies  and 
insincerities  of  both  our  conduct  and  our  ideals,  and  it  must 
be  conceded  that  there  is  seldom  a  dull  page  in  all  his  wander- 
ing remarks.  But  his  pleasantry  is  not  the  jolly  English 
humor_of  eccentricity,  with  laughter  holding  both  his  sides, 
nor  is  it  the  hearty  American  humor  of  exaggeration,  artfully 
leading  up  to  some  surprising  or  grotesque  conclusion.  It 
is  an  intellectual  humor  that  plays  around  ideas,  finding  an 
unexpected  truth  in  apparent  absurdity.  In  all  likelihood, 
therefore,  the  discriminating  conner  of  Mr.  Strunsky's  para- 
graphs will  set  greatest  store  by  the  restless  light  of  reason 
that  flashes  upon  or  lingers  about  every  topic  considered. 
By  Matthew  Arnold  his  lucubrations  would  surely  be  pro- 
nounced literature,  for  the  criticism  of  life  is  always  just 
beneath  the  rippling,  eddying  surface  of  the  style.  His  is 
far  from  being  the  easy  paradoxical  scintillation  of  the  social 
revolutionist.  On  the  contrary,  the  author  plays  the  doubting 
Thomas  with  regard  to  most  of  the  educational,  theatrical, 
and  other  fads  with  which  our  progressive  age  is  rife.  He  even 
complacently  pokes  fun  at  Bernard  Shaw  —  with  roguish  incon- 
sistency, seeing  that  in  his  own  volume  the  pages  have  to  be 
cut  at  the  bottom.  In  fine,  the  rare  quality  of  the  book  is 
not  so  much  the  humor  as  the  suggestive  quality  of  the  thought. 


PELLE  THE  CONQUEROR 

Boyhood,  Apprenticeship 

By  Martin  Andersen  Nexo 

$1.40  net,  each  volume 
(From  The  New  Republic) 

A  Danish  Epic 

From  the  moment  when  the  Swedish  boat  lands  little 
Pelle  and  his  old  father  Lasse  on  the  shores  of  _ the  island 
of  Bornholm,  our  imaginations  are  caught  in  this  northern 
world  which,  strange  as  it  is  in  its  primitive  simplicity,  is 
yet  made  glowingly  real  by  the  sympathy  of  genius.  Few 
foreign  stories  place  you  more  seductively  in  the  very  heart 
of  the  life  they  depict  than  this  epic  of  a  workingman's  life 
in  modern  Denmark.  Only  a  rare  spiritual  fidelity  to  per- 
sonal experience  could  produce  the  color  and  movement  and 
wisdom  and  good  will  of  this  story.  We  are  told  that  the 
author  was  himself  a  shoemaker's  apprentice  in  the  Baltic 
island,  and  then,  like  Pelle,  was  sucked  away  into  the  many- 
towered  capital.  Here  he  worked  as  a  bricklayer  until 
he  was  rescued  by  one  of  the  "people's  high  schools,"  those 
wonderful  Danish  popular  universities  scattered  about  the 
land,  where  farmers  and  bricklayers,  kitchen-maids  and 
clerks,  come  to  spend  a  few  arduous  and  fascinated  months 
of  their  lives  in  the  study — oh,  these  sober  northern  people! — 
of  history  and  literature.  This  education  permitted  him  to 
become  a  teacher,  then  the  author  of  short  stories  and  a  book 
of  reminiscences  of  a  bright  Spanish  trip,  and  now  there 
comes  from  him  this  four-volume  story  of  his  own  life  or 
the  lives  of  such  as  he,  the  first  volume  of  which,  appearing 
in  1906,  has  already  become  almost  a  Danish  classic. 

The  two  volumes  which  have  been  translated  into  En- 
glish take  Pelle  to  the  time  when  he  leaves  his  island  to  seek 
nis  fortune  in  Copenhagen.  The  life  of  the  boy  and  his  simple, 
patient  old  father  as  farm  laborers  at  Stone  Farm,  with  its 
background  of  wind-swept  heath  and  the  distant  sea;  the  rough, 
jovial  society  of  milkmaids  and  stablemen,  with  the  fierce 
irascibilty  of  these  little-tamed  Norsemen;  the  holidays  and 
the  drunkenness  and  the  lovemaking;  the  mystery  of  the  old 
farmhouse  with  its  kind,  sensual  master  and  the  woe  of  the 
jealous  mistress;  the  grim  old  Protestant  superstitions  of  _the 
community;  the  life  of  the  small  farmers  lived  so  hardily  against 
a  cold  and  niggardly  nature;  the  reiterated  themes  of  peasant 
life,  the  wresting  of  a  homestead  from  the  moor,  the  seductions, 
the  fatalistic  waiting  of  the  old  people  for  death;  all  this, 
seen  through  the  aimless  play  and  riotous  imagination  of 
childhood,  makes  "Boyhood"  a  book  of  such  charm  that  one 
scarcely  knows  whether  to  admire  it  most  for  its  poetry  or  its 
realism,  its  imaginative  power  or  its  loyalty  to  life. 


Just  Ready 

OUR  KNOWLEDGE  OF 
CHRIST 

An  Historical  Approach 
By  Lucius  Hopkins  Miller 

Professor  Biblical  Instruction,  Princeton 

$1.00  net 

Discusses  from  a  modern  point  of  view 
the  sources  of  our  information  regarding 
Christ,  also  His  life,  teaching,  and 
divinity.  The  chapters  of  this  volume 
provoked  much  discussion  on  their 
appearance  in  The  Biblical  World. 


HENRY  HOLT  &  COMPANY,  34  West  33d  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


PRESS  OF  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY 


THE   DIAL 


c//  SEMI-MONTHLY  JOURNAL  OF 

Criiinsm,  gistussum,  anb 


FOUNDED  BT 
FRANCIS   F.  BROWNE 


1  Volun 
I       No. 


me  LVIH. 
887. 


CHICAGO,  FEBRUARY  I,  1915. 


10  eta.  a  i'ii i »i . 
$2.  a  year. 


PUBLISHED  AT 
632  SHERMAN  ST. 


HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  COMPANY'S 
February  Books 

THE  LIFE  OF  EDWARD  ROWLAND  SILL 

By  WILLIAM  BELMONT  PARKER 

Although  one  of  the  most  popular  of  American  poets,  this  is  the  first  biography  of  Sill  to  appear, 
and  it  will  be  eagerly  welcomed  by  his  large  circle  of  admirers.     Illustrated.     $1.75  net. 

JOSEPH  CHAMBERLAIN'S  SPEECHES 

Edited  by  CHARLES  W.  BOYD 

These  speeches  make  both  interesting  and  instructive  reading  and  constitute  an  important  historical 
document  for  the  study  of  recent  English  history. 

THE  HIGHER  INDIVIDUALISM 

By  EDWARD  SCRIBNER  AMES 

A  hopeful  and  helpful  contribution  to  modern  religious  ideals  by  the  author  of  "The  Psychology  of 
Religious  Experience,"  one  of  the  most  important  of  recent  books  on  religion.    $1.10  net. 

INTERVENTION  and  COLONIZATION  IN  AFRICA 

By  NORMAN  DWIGHT  HARRIS 

A  timely  and  unusually  important  book,  tracing  the  political  and  economic  activities 
of  the  European  Powers  in  Africa  since  1870;  showing  their  intricate  and  often  bitter 
rivalries;  and  explaining  and  comparing  their  methods  of  colonial  administration. 
$2.00  net. 

THE  LAW  AND  USAGE  OF  WAR 

By  SIR  THOMAS  BARCLAY 

A  practical  handbook  dealing  in  alphabetical  order  with  all  the  important  law  topics 
which  the  present  war  suggests.  $1.50  net. 

PRACTICAL  BANKING 

By  RALPH  SCOTT  HARRIS 

The  author  presents  with  accuracy  of  detail  and  in  untechnical  language  a  plan  of 
the  structure  of  the  modern  bank  in  America.  £1.75  net. 

ACCOUNTS:  THEIR  CONSTRUCTION  AND 
INTERPRETATION  (Revised  Edition) 

By  WILLIAM  MORSE  COLE 

This  book  sets  forth  in  simple  form  the  main  principles  which  must  govern  any 
attempt  at  accounting.  The  NEW  EDITION  has  an  expanded  treatment  of  book- 
keeping devices,  and  contains  other  important  new  features.  $2.25  net. 

A  HANDBOOK  OF  UNIVERSAL  HISTORY 

(Ploetz's  Epitome) 

From  the  Dawn  of  Civilization  to  the  Outbreak  of  the  Great  War.  With  a  Supple- 
ment covering  the  first  five  months  of  the  fighting. 

By  CARL  PLOETZ 

All  history  condensed  into  a  single  handy  volume.  A  unique  arrangement  and 
elaborate  index  makes  it  equally  serviceable  for  study  or  reference.  $3.00  net. 


KITCHENER,  Organizer  of  Victory 

By  HAROLD  BEGBIE 

This  is  the  first  satisfactory  account  of  the  life  of  Kitchener,  the  silent  strong 
man  who  is  organizing  the  British  hosts  for  the  final  clash  of  arms  in  the  great 
Continental  war.  Fully  illustrated.  $1.25  net. 


Two  New  Volumes  in 

the  Hart,  Schaffner 

&  Marx  Series  of  Prize 

Essays  in  Economics 

CONCILIATION  AND 
ARBITRATION  IN 

THE  COAL 
INDUSTRY  OF 

AMERICA 

By  ARTHUR  E.  SUFFERN 
A  presentation  of  the  develop- 
ment of  industrial  relationship 
between  employers  and  em- 
ployees in  the  coal  industry 
from  the  time  when  the  produc- 
tion of  coal  was  insignificant  up 
to  the  present,  when  coal  stands 
as  a  basis  of  industrial  prosper- 
ity. $2.00  net. 

WELFARE  AS  AN 
ECONOMIC 
QUANTITY 

By  G.  P.  WATKINS 
A  serious  contribution  to 
scientific  economics,  critical 
of  and  supplementary  to  the 
doctrines  of  the  so  -  called  Aus- 
trian School,  with  important 
applications  to  the  high  cost  of 
living  and  the  concentration  of 
wealth  and  income.  $1.50  net. 


BOSTON       HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  COMPANY       NEW  YORK 


66 


THE    DIAL, 


[Feb.  1,  1915 


NEW  MACMILLAN  BOOKS  ON  DRAMA  AND  POETRY 


HOW  TO  SEE  A  PLAY 

By  RICHARD  BURTON,  Author  of  "The  New 
American  Drama,"  etc.  "Theatregoers  will 
find  the  book  illuminating  to  gauge  the  artistic 
and  intellectual  in  the  plays  they  see.  The 
appeal  is  a  broad  one.  Sound  plays  are  the 
theme.  A  valuable  manual  for  the  playwright 
as  well."— The  Bookseller,  N.  Y.  $1.25. 


NEW  POEMS 

By  ROBERT  and  ELIZABETH  BROWNING.  Ed- 
ited by  Sir  F.  G.  Kenyon.  "An  announcement 
of  considerable  interest  to  all  Browning  students 
is  this  volume  of  hitherto  unpublished  poems 
by  Robert  Browning  and  Elizabeth  Barrett 
Browning.  The  collection  includes  29  poems 
by  Robert  Browning  and  six  bv  Mrs.  Browning." 
— N.  Y.  Times.  With  Portraits.  $1.25. 


PHILIP  THE  KING 

And  Other  Poems 

By  JOHN  MASEFIELD,  Author  of  "The  Everlast- 
ing Mercy,"  etc.  "  'August,  1914'  is  the  finest 
poem  inspired  in  England  by  the  war ...  it  sug- 
gests the  quality  of  Gray's  'Elegy' .  .while  'Philip 
the  King '  ranks  with  the  drama  of  the  greatest 
Victorian  poets." — Phila.  Public  Ledger.  $1.25. 


CHILDREN  OF  EARTH 

By  ALICE  BROWN,  Author  of  "My  Love  and  I," 
etc.  "  The  $10,000  American  Play  selected  from 
the  thousands  of  manuscripts  submitted  to  Mr. 
Ames,  of  the  Little  Theatre,  as  the  most  notable 
in  theme  and  characterization  . . .  An  unusual 
story  of  New  England  life,  charming,  poetic, 
idealistic." — Boston  Herald.  $1.25. 


SONGS  FROM  THE  CLAY 

By  JAMES  STEPHENS,  Author  of  "Insurrections," 
"The  Crock  of  Gold,"  etc.  Discriminating 
readers  of  verse  recognize  in  this  author  a  sense 
of  the  humorous,  a  keen  appreciation  of  rhyme 
and  rhythm  and  above  all  a  most  engaging  origi- 
nality, in  a  rare  combination.  His  new  volume 
in  variety  of  theme  and  treatment  will  increase 
his  popularity.  $1.25. 


PLASTER  SAINTS 

By  ISRAEL  ZANGWILL,  Author  of  "The  Melting 
Pot,"  etc.  "A  play  of  modern  life  in  a  provin- 
cial English  town  concerned  with  social  and  per- 
sonal problems  of  the  present  time.  Mr.  Zangwill 
attacks  these  problems  with  characteristic  force, 
developing  the  philosophy  of  the  various  incidents 
with  great  originality."  Ready  in  March. 


ASPECTS  OF  MODERN  DRAMA 

By  FRANK  WADLEIGH  CHANDLER,  Professor  of 
Constructive  Literature,  University  of  Cincin- 
nati. "An  interesting,  critical  study  of  nearly 
300  representative  plays  by  leading  dramatists 
of  the  last  quarter  century  .  .  .  national  and 
racial  elements  vividly  contrasted  .  . .  lend  vi- 
tality and  novelty  to  the  learned  author's  expo- 
sitions."-— Phila.  North-American.  $2.00. 


SONGS  OF  KABIR 

By  RABINDRANATH  TAGORE,  Author  of  "The 
King  of  the  Dark  Chamber,"  etc.  A  deeply 
sympathetic  interpretation  and  rendering  in 
peerless  English  of  the  Songs  of  Kabir,  the  re- 
ligious reformer  and  conciliator  of  upper  India 
in  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries.  One 
of  the  most  important  of  Mr.  Tagore's  works. 

$1.25. 


THE  PRESENT  HOUR 

By  PERCY  MACKAYE,  Author  of  "The  Sistine 
Eve,"  "Jeanne  d'Arc,"  etc.  "Several  of  these 
poems  deserve  a  place  with  the  small  body  of 
great  American  poetry  .  . .  One  of  the  most  sig- 
nificant books  on  the  great  European  conflict  . . . 
vital  expressions  of  America's  attitude." — New 
Haven  Chronicle.  $1.25. 


CRACK  O*  DAWN 

By  FANNIE  STEARNS  DAVIS  (Mrs.  A.  McK.  Gif- 
ford).  The  many  readers  of  "Myself  and  I" 
have  found  in  Mrs.  Gifford  a  poet  of  considerable 
charm  who  writes  of  simple  things  with  a  melody 
and  beauty  of  expression  that  have  placed  her  in 
the  front  rank  of  American  poets.  This  new  col- 
lection will  add  greatly  to  her  reputation.  $1.25. 


THE  GARDEN  OF  PARADISE 

By  EDWARD  SHELDON,  Author  of  "Romance," 
"The  Nigger,"  etc.  In  this  charming  dramati- 
zation of  Hans  Christian  Andersen's  fairy  tale, 
"The  Little  Mermaid,"  Mr.  Sheldon  holds  the 
dialogue  strictly  in  accord  with  the  original  spirit 
of  the  story  describing  with  sweetness  and  tender- 
ness the  tale  of  the  sea  maiden's  love  for  a  human 
king.  $1.25. 


PARSIVAL 

By  GERHARDT  HAUPTMANN.  Translated  by 
Oakley  Williams.  The  great  Parsival  story 
retold  by  the  eminent  German  dramatist  Haupt- 
mann  as  an  allegory  of  life  with  applications 
to  modern  conditions.  The  tale  beautifully  ren- 
dered and  well  translated  reflects  truly  the  genius 
of  the  original  writer.  Ready  in  April. 


The  Macmillan  Company 


ON  SALE  WHEREVER 
BOOKS  ARE  SOLD 


THE  DIAL 


Journal  of  SUterarg  Criticism,  JBigcussion,  ano  JEnformaticn. 


THE  DIAL  (founded  in  1880)  is  published  on  the  1st  and 
16th  of  each  month.  TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIPTION,  $2.  a  year  in 
advance,  postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  and  Mexico; 
Foreign  and  Canadian,  postage  50  cents  per  year  extra.  RE- 
MITTANCES should  be  by  check,  or  by  express  or  postal  order, 
payable  to  THE  DIAL.  Unless  otherwise  ordered,  subscrip- 
tions will  begin  with  the  current  number.  When  no  direct 
request  to  discontinue  at  expiration  of  subscription  is  re- 
ceived, it  is  assumed  that  a  continuance  of  the  subscription  is 
desired.  ADVERTISING  RATES  furnished  on  application. 
Published  by  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY, 
6SS  So.  Sherman  St.,  Chicago. 

Entered  as  Second-Class  Matter  October  8,  1892,  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  under  Act  of  March  3,  1879. 

Vol.  LVIII.     FEBRUARY  1,  1915         No.  687 


CONTENTS. 


PAGR 

.  67 


"THE    YELLOW   BOOK" 

THE  POETS  OF  BELGIUM.     Arthur  L.  Salmon  69 

CASUAL  COMMENT 71 

The  engrossing  theme. —  An  educational  prob- 
lem.—  A  new  light  in  French  literature. —  A 
self-congratulatory  editor. —  The  catholicity 
of  popular  taste  in  fiction. —  Poetry  in  war- 
time.—  The  drama  as  an  instrument  of  re- 
form.—  The  popularization  of  culture. 

COMMUNICATION '.    .     .     .     .  73 

"  Mommsen  and  the  War."    O.  E.  Lessing. 

THE     VARIOUSLY     ACCOMPLISHED     LORD 

AVEBURY.     Percy  F.  Bicknell     ....  74 

THE  DRAMA  MOVEMENT.     Grant  Showerman  76 
THE  NEW  FRANCE.    James  W.  Garner    ...  78 

STUDIES  IN  THE  HISTORY  OF  ART.     Sidney 

Fiske   Kimoall 80 

YOUNG     OF     THE     "NIGHT     THOUGHTS." 

Homer  E.  Woodoridge 81 

INTERPRETERS     OF    MUSIC.       Louis    James 

Block 82 

NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS 85 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS    ........  86 

The  Department  of  State. —  A  British  ad- 
miral's retrospect. —  The  life  of  a  great  singer. 
—  The  mind  of  Dostoieffsky. —  Wonders  and 
riches  of  the  Pacific  coast. —  The  biological 
basis  of  human  action. —  Sir  Walter  Raleigh 
and  Shakespeare. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 89 

NOTES 90 

TOPICS  IN  FEBRUARY  PERIODICALS  ...  90 
LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS     ,  .  91 


THE  YELLOW  BOOK." 


The  notion  that  the  years  from  1891  to  1898 
were  a  period  of  decadence  in  English  letters 
is  already  a  legend.  The  London  c '  Times ' '  hit 
it  off  very  well  when  it  called  them  "the  yel- 
low nineties. "  It  is  a  new  word,  in  its  present 
sense,  is  it  not  ?  Perhaps  it  goes  back  farther 
than  1891,  but  we  doubt  it.  Whistler  made 
the  color  fashionable  about  that  time,  and  pos- 
sibly it  came  to  have  a  vague  connection  in  the 
mind  of  the  day  with  his  personality,  so  vivid, 
so  contemptuous,  and  so  little  understood.  It 
is  the  fate  of  all  such  spirits,  careless  of  the 
morality  of  security  and  ruthless  in  the  prac- 
tice of  that  virtue  of  which  mediocrity  is  inno- 
cent, to  be  regarded  by  their  contemporaries  as 
strange,  then  morbid,  and,  finally,  wicked. 
But  Whistler's  fondness  for  yellow  probably 
did  little  more  than  to  suggest  by  indirection 
the  title  of  "The  Yellow  Book."  Nothing 
more  was  required  to  give  a  name  to  the  lit- 
erary and  artistic  character  of  the  decade. 
The  adjective  has  come  to  describe  irresponsi- 
ble sensationalism  in  the  newspapers.  But  it 
calls  up  very  readily  sensationalism  in  art; 
and  "The  Yellow  Book"  seems  likely  to  be 
remembered  as  an  epitome  of  the  exotic,  the 
bizarre,  the  wicked,  of  "art  for  art's  sake," 
and  the  fin  de  siecle. 

A  certain  humor,  bitter  enough  to  those  who 
care  passionately  about  the  art  of  literature 
but  not  unpleasant  to  the  ironic  spirit,  attaches 
to  the  legend  of  ' '  The  Yellow  Book. ' '  For  the 
thirteen  volumes  of  that  quarterly  still  exist 
and  may  be  compared  with  the  fable  that  has 
grown  up  about  them. 

The  first  number,  that  of  April,  1894,  led  off 
with  a  design  by  Sir  Frederick  Leighton,  than 
whom  there  was  no  more  respectable  artist  liv- 
ing. This  page  was  immediately  followed  by 
a  story,  "The  Death  of  the  Lion,"  by  Mr. 
Henry  James,  who  had  not  then  written 
' '  What  Maisie  Knew. ' '  One  of  the  poems  was 
by  Mr.  A.  C.  Benson  and  one  of  the  essays  by 
Mr.  Edmund  Gosse.  An  article  by  Arthur 
Waugh  on  "Reticence  in  Literature"  de- 
fended, though  rather  on  behalf  of  art  than 
on  behalf  of  morality,  the  Victorian  tradition 


68 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  1 


as  to  the  representation  of  passion  in  fiction 
and  poetry.  Was  it  then  so  very  devilish  ? 

Philip  Gilbert  Hamerton,  who  will  be  re- 
membered by  some  readers  as  the  author  of 
"The  Intellectual  Life"  and  by  others  along 
with  Harry  Quilter  as  the  victim  of  Whistler 
but  by  no  one  as  anything  but  representative 
of  Victorian  appreciation  in  art  and  litera- 
ture, did  not  think  so.  He  was  invited  by 
Henry  Harland,  who  must  have  been  almost 
as  astute  as  some  contemporary  magazine  edi- 
tors, to  write  for  the  second  volume  of  "The 
Yellow  Book"  a  review  of  the  first.  He  found 
two  contributors  whom  we  have  not  so  far 
mentioned,  Aubrey  Beardsley  and  Mr.  Arthur 
Symons,  to  complain  of.  He  recognized 
Beardsley 's  quality,  while  objecting  to  his 
morbidity.  He  resented  Mr.  Symons 's  poem, 
"Stella  Maris,"  observing  that  it  was  of  the 
fashion  set  by  Eossetti's  "Jenny."  And  he 
thought  badly  of  an  editor  who  permitted  a 
defence  of  reticence  to  contain,  even  as  an 
example  of  what  should  be  avoided,  three 
stanzas  of  Swinburne's  "Dolores."  But  Mr. 
Hamerton  concluded  his  criticism  with  this 
sentence : 

"  On  the  whole,  the  literature  in  the  first  number 
of  '  The  Yellow  Book '  is  adequately  representa- 
tive of  the  modern  English  literary  mind,  both  in 
the  observation  of  reality  and  in  style." 

Of  the  illustrations  he  wrote : 

"  On  the  whole,  these  illustrations  decidedly  pre- 
suppose real  artistic  culture  in  the  public.  They 
do  not  condescend  in  any  way  to  what  might  be 
guessed  at  as  the  popular  taste." 

In  the  three  years  that  followed,  "The 
Yellow  Book"  was  never  more  shocking  than 
in  that  first  number.  A  contemporary  reader 
is  struck,  in  looking  through  "The  Yellow 
Book,"  with  the  number  of  serious  and  re- 
spectable names  in  the  tables  of  contents. 
Mr.  Enoch  Arnold  Bennett  and  Mr.  H.  G. 
Wells  are  there,  as  well  as  Mr.  James.  Mr. 
Harland  was  himself  a  frequent  contributor. 
So  was  Ella  D'Arcy.  There  is  even  an  essay 
on  Stendhal  —  of  all  subjects  —  by  our  own 
Mr.  Norman  Hapgood. 

Is  not  the  legend  of  the  yellow  "Yellow 
Book"  a  little  absurd? 

Perhaps  there  is  more  reason  in  it  than 
appears.  The  Victorian  spirit  may  have  been 
as  commonplace  as  the  artistic  spirit  imagines 
it  to  have  been;  but  it  was  not  blind  to  its 
•enemies.  It  saw  Beardsley  in  "The  Yellow 
Book"  and  sensed,  if  it  did  not  know,  that  Sir 


Frederick  Leighton  was  no  match  for  him.  It 
saw  very  little  of  Mr.  Symons 's  verse.  But  it 
may  very  well  have  felt  the  man  behind  that 
little,  the  man  who  was  so  fundamentally 
opposed  in  his  view  of  art  and  letters  to  all 
that,  in  the  cliche  of  our  own  day,  was  "sane." 
What  it  sensed  or  felt  we  have  recorded  for  us 
in  the  meaning  which  attaches  to  "yellow." 
It  did  not  matter  that  Symons  and  Beardsley 
left  "The  Yellow  Book"  in  order  to  create,  in 
"The  Savoy,"  a  more  genuine  magazine. 
Their  names  and  their  view  were  first  asso- 
ciated with  the  earlier  publication ;  or,  rather, 
the  earlier  publication  was  first  associated  with 
their  names  and  their  view.  It  did  not  matter 
that  Oscar  Wilde  never  contributed  to  either 
magazine.  The  smash-up  of  his  career  as  a 
personality  was  widely  regarded  as  proof  that 
the  influence  of  "The  Yellow  Book"  on  litera- 
ture was  evil. 

The  irony,  of  course,  is  not  so  much  that 
everybody  who  cared  for  beauty  and  truth  in 
art  should  have  suffered  for  the  scandal  which 
swallowed  Oscar  Wilde.  Anything  else  would 
be  too  much  to  expect.  The  irony  is  to  be 
found  rather  in  the  predicament  of  criticism. 
Whistler  thought  criticism  was  merely  stupid. 
It  has  sometimes  been  worse ;  it  has  sometimes 
been  cowardly.  Criticism  was  intelligent 
enough  to  know  that  the  men  of  the  nineties 
had  done  work  that  was  fine  and  strong.  It 
knew  that,  after  all,  the  immortal  music  of 
"Non  sum  qualis  eram  bonae  sub  regno 
Cynarae ' '  was  infinitely  more  important  in  the 
consideration  of  Ernest  Dowson  than  the 
morality  of  his  way  of  life.  It  knew  that 
Beardsley 's  mastery  of  design  was  the  signifi- 
cant thing  and  the  pre-occupation  which  was 
revealed  in  his  romance  ' '  Under  the  Hill ' '  the 
insignificant  thing.  It  knew  how  much  more 
important  it  is  to  literature  that  Oscar  Wilde 
wrote  "The  Ballad  of  Reading  Gaol"  than 
that  he  should  have  been  put  in  prison.  But 
criticism  had  not  the  courage  of  its  knowledge. 
Compelled,  on  the  whole,  to  sympathize  with 
the  art  of  these  men  and  those  whose  names 
are  associated  with  theirs,  it  has  paid  its  re- 
spects to  public  opinion  by  emphasizing  always 
their  physical  and  moral  weakness  and  never 
their  artistic  strength. 

If  we  were  all  so  moral  that  we  were  always 
ready  to  recognize  that  which  is  moral  and  to 
flee  from  that  which  is  of  ill-repute,  we  should 
have  created  a  very  different  legend  about 
"The  Yellow  Book."  It  is  all  very  well  to 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


69 


draw  away  from  men  who  seem  to  have  little 
responsibility  in  their  personal  relations.  But 
it  is  not  good  to  be  blind  to  a  supreme  virtue. 
And  there  is  no  denying  that  men  like  Beards- 
ley  and  Dowson  had  a  supreme  virtue. 

If  they  were  not  true  to  everything  to  which 
we  demand  allegiance  they  were  true  to  the 
best  thing  in  them.  It  is  no  piece  of  rhetoric 
that  furnishes  the  refrain  to  Dowson 's  poem: 

"  I  have  been  faithful  to  thee,  Cynara,  in  my 
fashion." 

It  is  the  precise  truth.  He  was  faithful  to  an 
ideal  of  art.  And  so  was  Beardsley.  They 
literally  died  for  it. 


TEE  POETS  OF  BELGIUM. 

Belgium,  though  lately  she  has  lain  crushed 
and  bleeding  under  the  heel  of  a  ruthless 
invader,  has  nevertheless  won  for  herself  a 
proud  position  among  the  peoples  of  Europe. 
She  has  justified  her  intense  nationalism ;  she 
has  vindicated  her  claim  to  live  her  own  life ; 
she  has  carried  into  the  battle-field  the  ardor 
and  intelligent  energy  that  had  already 
brought  her  to  the  forefront  of  literary  na- 
tions. It  is  no  new  thing  to  find  a  great 
literary  renaissance  coincident  with  other 
more  material  manifestations  of  national 
spirit;  and  the  Belgium  that  delayed  the 
progress  of  the  most  powerful  army  in  the 
world  is  the  Belgium  that  had  already  given 
us  Maeterlinck,  Verhaeren,  Rodenbach,  Fon- 
tainas,  Elskamp,  and  Mockel. 

Since  the  death  of  Ibsen  and  Tolstoi  there 
can  be  little  question  that  the  foremost  lit- 
erary reputation  of  to-day  is  that  of  M.  Mau- 
rice Maeterlinck;  his  work  has  made  a 
profound  impression  on  the  reading  public  of 
Europe  and  America.  But  though  M.  Maeter- 
linck has  achieved  the  wider  popularity,  his 
fame  must  not  blind  us  to  others  of  the  small 
nation  that  gave  him  birth.  This  little  coun- 
try has  been  like  a  nest  of  singing-birds.  The 
song  of  many  may  not  have  been  strong 
enough  to  pierce  to  the  outside  world;  but 
we  have  to  remember  that  it  takes  much  to 
break  through  the  barriers  of  a  foreign 
tongue,  and  that  poetry  in  special  suffers 
from  difficulties  of  translation.  Belgian  poets 
also  have  often  been  taken  to  be  Frenchmen 
by  casual  readers,  because  for  the  most  part 
French  in  their  literary  language:  so  that 
against  the  advantage  of  gaining  an  im- 
mensely widened  audience  has  to  be  set  the 
disadvantage  of  some  veiling  of  their  nation- 
ality. It  is  true  that  some  of  them  could  have 
written  equally  well  in  Flemish  —  M.  Maeter- 
linck for  instance,  who  is  a  pure  Fleming; 


and  a  limited  number  have  done  so.  But 
Flemish  is  simply  a  variant  of  Low-German 
or  Dutch,  and  it  offers  no  compensating  bene- 
fits to  counterbalance  its  narrowing  of  the 
audience.  In  spite  of  their  writing  in  French, 
which  is  at  least  as  much  their  native  tongue 
as  English  is  the  native  tongue  of  an  Irish- 
man, M.  Maeterlinck  and  M.  Verhaeren  may 
be  claimed  as  entirely  for  Belgium  as  Shakes- 
peare for  England,  Goethe  for  Germany,  or 
Dostoieffsky  for  Russia. 

M.  Verhaeren  has  used  the  phrase  les 
forces  tumultueuses,  and  these  are  the  best 
words  to  describe  the  vitality  of  modern  Bel- 
gium. The  country  has  been  seething  with 
tumultuous  forces,  intellectual  unrest,  vigor- 
ous animal  spirits,  pulsing  life.  Borrowing 
something  of  impulse  and  inspiration  from  its 
two  great  neighbors,  France  and  Germany, 
something  also  from  its  own  Flemish  tradi- 
tions and  from  Holland,  Belgian  life  has  had 
the  abundant  virility  so  often  found  in  things 
largely  hybrid.  "In  no  other  part  of  Eu- 
rope," says  Herr  Zweig,  "is  life  lived  with 
such  intensity,  such  gaiety.  In  no  other  coun- 
try as  in  Flanders  is  excess  in  sensuality  and 
pleasure  a  function  of  strength."  But  the 
sensuality,  if  we  must  use  that  word,  has  not 
been  neurotic  or  morbid;  clearly  it  has  not 
sapped  the  vigor  of  the  people  —  late  events 
have  shown  them  robust,  heroic,  strong.  It  is 
about  thirty  years  since  the  literary  new- 
birth  of  the  people  began,  its  centre  of  origin 
being  the  now  devastated  University  of  Lou- 
vain.  It  began  in  a  spirit  of  licence  and  re- 
volt, of  rebellion  against  authority  in  most 
things,  not  easily  to  be  crushed  by  the  forces 
of  inertia  and  convention.  Journals  were 
started,  such  as  "La  Semaine"  and  "Le 
Type,"  only  to  be  suppressed;  and  little  vol- 
umes of  verse  began  to  appear,  suggesting  the 
influences  of  Verlaine  and  Baudelaire,  and 
suggesting  also  that  there  were  new  voices 
quite  able  to  speak  for  themselves.  . 

The  finest  of  these  voices,  undoubtedly,  was 
that  of  M.  Emile  Verhaeren,  who  has  lately, 
in  French  and  British  periodicals,  been  pour- 
ing forth  the  fierce  anguish  of  his  outraged 
patriotism.  He  was  born  almost  sixty  years 
since  at  St.  Amand,  a  village  in  the  centre  of 
the  recent  war-district.  Like  M.  Maeterlinck 
and  Rodenbach,  he  was  educated  at  the  Jesuit 
college  of  Sainte-Barbe  in  Ghent.  "We  have 
the  local  scenery  of  his  boyhood,  its  broad 
levels  and  fine  atmospheric  effects,  its  peasan- 
try, everywhere  pervading  his  poetry.  Later 
he  studied  law  at  Louvain,  and  had  a  share 
in  publishing  the  aggressive  little  weekly  ' '  La 
Semaine."  A  brief  attempt  at  legal  practice 
convinced  him  that  literature,  not  law,  was 


70 


THE    DIAL 


[  Feb.  1 


his  true  mistress;  and  he  threw  himself  into 
his  vocation  with  passionate  and  brave  ardor. 
Both  plastic  art  and  music  had  a  powerful 
share  in  forming  him.  It  is  a  narrow  soul 
that  can  only  be  reached  through  one  avenue, 
and  M.  Verhaeren's  is  so  sensitive  that  at 
times  there  has  almost  seemed  a  lack  of  bal- 
ance. His  first  book,  "Les  Flamandes,"  was 
an  outburst  of  crude  realism ;  it  was  a  positive 
orgy  of  realistic  detail,  full  of  the  grosser 
qualities  of  the  old  Flemish  painters  but  pos- 
sessing also  their  exuberant  vitality.  This 
was  followed  in  1886  by  "Les  Moines, "  deal- 
ing with  the  romantic  and  picturesque  fea- 
tures of  monasticism  rather  than  with  its 
spiritual  depths.  He  did  not  go  further,  like 
Huysmans  (who  also  was  of  Lowland  de- 
scent) ,  to  a  full  reconciliation  with  the  Church. 
Humanity  was  his  subject-matter;  the  monk 
was  but  one  among  the  many  living  men  and 
women  that  attracted  him.  From  this  time  he 
passed  into  a  spiritual  "storm  and  stress" 
period,  fighting  his  way  through  a  conflict 
with  material  realities  to  a  more  assured 
clearness  and  repose  of  soul.  It  is  impossible 
even  to  name  all  his  volumes.  In  1891  we 
find  him  exclaiming,  "I  have  been  a  coward, 
and  I  have  fled  from  the  world  into  a  great 
futile  egotism";  but, 

"  L'aube  ouvre  un  beau  conseil  de  confiance, 
Et  qui  Fecoute  est  le  sauve  — 
De  son  marais,  ou  nul  peche  ne  fut  jamais  lave." 

This  is  the  true  Verhaeren ;  he  has  come  to 
himself  ' '  out  of  the  marsh  in  which  no  sin  was 
ever  yet  cleansed";  he  has  made  his  way 
toward  mysticism,  and  toward  a  nobler  han- 
dling of  his  material.  He  is  still  realistic,  and 
never  shirks  ugly  detail;  but  he  has  truly 
emerged  from  haunts  of  the  noisome.  He  has 
breathed  a  purer  and  more  serene  atmos- 
phere ;  the  far  horizons  of  his  native  land  have 
shown  him  something  better  than  mere  curl- 
ing fog  or  driving  rain.  He  has  found  that 
there  is  a  possible  loveliness,  a  spiritual  sig- 
nificance, in  the  stress  and  toil  and  soil  of 
human  life;  he  has  seen  the  magic  of  the 
sunset  and  the  undying  hope  in  the  heart  of 
man. 

Georges  Rodenbach,  M.  Verhaeren's  school- 
fellow, born  in  the  same  year,  though  he 
early  left  Belgium  for  Paris,  in  spirit  never 
really  left  his  beloved  Bruges.  He  had  nothing 
of  his  companion's  bounding  vitality,  and  his 
poetry,  though  graceful,  is  always  subdued. 
We  chiefly  remember  him  for  his  prose 
"Bruges  la  Morte,"  whose  title  reminds  us 
how  the  living  and  the  dead  have  jostled 
together  in  modern  Flanders  —  a  land  not 
only  of  vast  activities  but  of  dreamy,  deserted 
old  towns,  sweeping  rain  and  solitary  sunsets, 


lingering  faiths  and  haunted  ruins.  Such 
was  Belgium  a  year  since;  of  its  future  we 
know  nothing  except  that  much  of  its  charm 
has  been  robbed  for  ever,  and  that  at  present 
its  glory  is  the  thorny  crown  of  martyrdom. 
There  is  great  diversity  in  the  spirit  and  tone 
of  the  poets  who  have  sung  for  her;  some 
have  had  the  daring  that  questions  every- 
thing, others  are  conservative  and  Catholic. 
Such  is  M.  Braun,  born  in  1876,  who  has  drawn 
a  beautiful  symbolism  from  the  rites  of  his 
Church,  and  has  written  of  the  benediction  of 
the  wine,  the  benediction  of  the  cheeses  —  a 
quite  typical  blending  of  the  mystical  and  the 
realistic.  Greater  than  M.  Braun  is  the  lyrist 
van  Lerberghe,  whose  verses  are  pure  music. 
With  daring  imagery  he  tells  us  how 

"  the  sun  Avitli  golden  hair 
Dries  the  bare 
Feet  of  the  rain." 

M.  Andre  Fontainas,  though  a  romantic 
symbolist,  has  dreamed  that  the  joys  of  mad 
battle  and  carnage  are  better  than  dream- 
ing ;  he  has  thought  it  would  be  fine  to  tread 
the  grass  of  roads  down-trodden  and  red- 
dened by  the  feet  of  fugitives.  Perhaps  now 
he  could  tell  us  what  he  really  thinks;  for 
elsewhere  he  says  that  life  is  cloudless,  calm, 
and  passionless.  His  poems  have  a  beauty 
of  the  inner  life.  Peace  also  is  the  key-note  of 
M.  Max  Elskamp,  with  his  idealizations  of 
religious  phrase  and  symbol.  It  is  a  very  real 
aspect  of  Flemish  life  that  he  depicts.  In 
contrast,  writers  such  as  M.  Gilkin  and  M. 
Giraud  are  frank  Satanists.  in  the  manner  of 
Baudelaire,  dealing  with  wild  excesses  of  the 
flesh,  the  visible,  the  real.  It  would  be  pleas- 
ant to  linger  over  the  thoughtful  poems  of 
M.  Fernand  Severin,  or  those  of  M.  Paul 
Gerardy  (who  writes  in  German  as  well  as  in 
French)  with  their  touch  of  Heine;  there 
might  also  be  much  to  say  of  M.  Georges  Mar- 
low,  of  M.  Isi-Collin,  of  Mme.  Jean  Domin- 
ique. It  is  not  to  be  denied  that  in  some  of 
these  poets,  such  as  M.  Mockel  and  M.  Ver- 
haeren, there  are  aspects  to  be  regretted,  too 
free  a  prodigality  of  sensuous  coloring,  too 
free  indulgence  in  profitless  realism :  but  we 
have  to  take  these  things  as  features  of  the 
national  life  from  which  they  have  sprung, 
and  we  should  not  truly  understand  Belgium 
without  them.  We  have  also  to  remember 
that  the  writings  we  have  been  considering  are 
chiefly  the  work  of  young  men.  Youth  often 
says  too  much;  discretion,  restraint,  come 
later.  The  notable  fact  is  that  Belgium's 
amazing  virility  on  the  field  of  battle  had 
already  manifested  its  intensity  in  the  domain 
of  literature.  •  ARTHUR  L.  SALMON. 


1915) 


THE    DIAL 


71 


CASUAL  COMMENT. 


THE  ENGROSSING  THEME  which  at  present 
renders  it  difficult  for  either  writers  or  read- 
ers to  give  undivided  attention  to  what  we  are 
wont  to  call  pure  literature,  is  of  course  the 
war.  In  some  quarters  a  commendable  effort 
is  made  to  ignore  so  harsh  a  fact.  One  notes 
with  approval  the  calm  disregard  of  present 
disturbances  shown  by  the  staid  and  venerable 
"Harper's  Magazine,"  while  to  an  old-time 
reader  of  "The  Atlantic  Monthly"  the  readi- 
ness of  that  esteemed  publication  to  subordi- 
nate literature  to  discussion  of  the  topic  of  the 
day  might  seem  more  than  a  little  surprising 
and  regrettable.  One  distinguished  member 
of  the  "Harper's"  staff,  however,  no  other 
in  fact  than  the  genial  occupant  of  the 
"Easy  Chair,"  has  favored  the  public  —  not 
ex  cathedra.,  it  is  true,  not  from  the  chair  he 
has  so  long  adorned,  but  in  a  newspaper  inter- 
view—  with  some  well-considered  observa- 
tions on  the  relations  of  war  to  literature. 
' '  War  stops  literature, ' '  he  affirms.  "  It  is  an 
upheaval  of  civilization,  a  return  to  barbar- 
ism ;  it  means  death  to  all  the  arts.  Even  the 
preparation  for  war  stops  literature.  It 
stopped  it  in  Germany  years  ago.  A  little 
anecdote  is  significant.  I  was  in  Florence 
about  1883,  long  after  the  Franco-Prussian 
War,  and  there  I  met  the  editor  of  a  great 
German  literary  weekly  —  I  will  not  tell  you 
its  name  or  his.  He  was  a  man-  of  refinement 
and  education,  and  I  have  not  forgotten  his 
great  kindness  to  my  own  fiction.  One  day  I 
asked  him  about  the  German  novelists  of  the 
day.  He  said:  'There  are  no  longer  any 
German  novelists  worthy  of  the  name.  Our 
new  ideal  has  stopped  all  that.  Militarism  is 
our  new  ideal  —  the  ideal  of  Duty  —  and  it 
has  killed  our  imagination.  So  the  German 
novel  is  dead.'  '  Russia  Mr.  Howells  does 
not  regard  as  militaristic  in  the  sense  that 
Germany  and  the  German  people  are  milita- 
ristic. "Whatever  the  designs  of  the  ruling 
classes  may  be,  the  people  of  Russia  keep  their 
simplicity,  their  large  intellectuality  and  spir- 
ituality. And  therefore  their  imagination 
and  other  great  intellectual  and  spiritual 
gifts  find  expression  in  great  novels  and 
plays. ' '  This  from  the  one  who  introduced  to 
us  the  author  of  "Spring  Floods"  is  signifi- 
cant. One  more  observation  of  his  must  here 
be  noted:  "Of  all  the  writings  which  the 
Civil  War  directly  inspired  I  can  think  of 
only  one  that  has  endured  to  be  called  litera- 
ture. That  is  Lowell's  'Commemoration 
Ode.'  '  This  would  exclude  the  immortal 
"Battle  Hymn,"  as  well  as  the  romances  of 
Weir  Mitchell  and  Mr  Thomas  Nelson  Page. 


AN  EDUCATIONAL  PROBLEM  of  a  novel  char- 
acter is  puzzling  some  of  our  foremost  educa- 
tors. Is  it  for  the  best  interests  of  culture 
that  the  war  be  taught  in  our  schools,  or 
should  it  be  ignored?  "In  all  the  history  of 
education,"  declares  President  G.  Stanley 
Hall  in  a  current  article  on  "Teaching  the 
War, "  "  I  cannot  find  that  pedagogy  was  ever 
subjected  to  such  a  test."  Never  since  the 
general  extension  of  popular  education  has 
there  been  anything  resembling  the  present 
world  war,  and  to  shut  one's  eyes  and  the  eyes 
of  one's  pupils  to  its  significance  would  seem 
to  be  extremely  foolish,  if  indeed  it  were 
humanly  possible.  The  pupil  who  is  taught  to 
bury  his  nose  in  his  Latin  grammar  and  see 
nothing  of  what  is  going  on  about  him  is  being 
instructed  in  the  ways  of  the  ostrich.  But, 
it  is  urged,  war  is  wicked  and  hateful,  and 
even  mental  contact  with  the  things  of  mili- 
tarism is  corrupting.  Seen  too  oft,  familiar 
with  Avar's  face,  we  first  endure,  then  pity, 
then  embrace.  Such  teaching  bears  obvious 
resemblance  to  the  anxious  mother's  coun- 
sel to  her  daughter  to  carry  on  her  exer- 
cises in  natation  without  approaching  the 
water.  Adopting  Tolstoi's  wise  advice,  the 
instructor  might  well  enliven  his  pupils'  study 
of  history  by  teaching  it  backward,  tracing 
present  world-shaking  events  to  their  more  or 
less  remote  beginnings  and  causes.  Professor 
Cramb  of  London,  some  time  before  his  death, 
and  many  months  before  the  explosion  of  last 
August,  called  attention  to  the  manner  in 
which  the  old  German  Empire  rose  on  the 
ruins  of  the  ancient  Roman  Empire,  and 
pointed  out  certain  present  conditions  that 
portended,  to  him  at  least,  the  rise  of  a  great 
modern  German  Empire  on  the  decaying 
structure  of  the  British  Empire.  Thus  the 
linking  of  current  events  with  past  history 
gives  unity  and  a  very  living  significance  to 
the  study  of  the  world's  progress.  Inciden- 
tally, too,  object  lessons  in  geography  and 
ethnology,  in  manners  and  customs,  in  pecul- 
iarities of  speech  and  costume,  and  in  sundry 
other  interesting  things,  are  being  impressed 
on  alert  young  minds  in  a  manner  that  has 
never  before  been  possible.  Small  wonder 
that  Dr.  Hall  is  in  favor  of  getting  as  much 
out  of  the  war  as  is  educationally  possible. 
•  •  • 

A  NEW  LIGHT  IN  FRENCH  LITERATURE  rises 

to  cheer  the  world  in  these  sad  days.  An 
inevitable  excess  of  enthusiasm,  such  as 
greeted,  for  example,  those  rather  earlier 
luminaries  on  the  horizon,  Mr.  Rabindranath 
Tagore,  M.  Romain  Rolland,  Mr.  John  Mase- 
field,  and  Mr.  Stephen  Phillips,  is  here  to  be 
noted,  by  no  means  disapprovingly,  for  we 


72 


THE    DIAL, 


[Feb.  1 


have  it  on  Wordsworth's  authority  that  we 
live  by  our  enthusiasms.  M.  Paul  Claudel, 
hailed  by  some  of  his  admirers  as  ranking  with 
JEschylus,  Goethe,  Dante,  yes,  even  with 
Shakespeare,  comes  to  English-speaking  read- 
ers in  a  small  collection  of  sketches  entitled 
"The  East  I  Know,"  translated  with  evident 
taste  and  skill,  and  introduced  by  a  sympa- 
thetic fellow-countryman,  M.  Pierre  Chavan- 
nes.  "A  strange  phenomenon,  the  Christian 
poet,"  he  says  of  the  devout  author  of  the 
volume,  "passionately,  uncompromisingly, 
almost  fanatically  Catholic,  in  the  country 
where  Anatole  France,  the  bantering  and  dis- 
illusioned master,  holds  sway,  where  Renan 
and  Voltaire  reigned,  and  with  them  hard  rea- 
son distrustful  of  the  supernatural."  As 
illustrative  of  M.  Claudel's  style,  here  is  a 
passage  from  a  sketch  called  "Tombs  and 
Rumors. ' '  The  author,  who  has  strolled  out  to 
a  suburban  cemetery,  is  listening  to  the  dis- 
tant sounds  of  a  great  city.  "Chinese  cities 
have  neither  factories  nor  vehicles.  The  only 
noise  that  can  be  heard,  when  evening  comes 
and  the  fracas  of  trade  ceases,  is  the  human 
voice.  I  come  to  listen  for  that;  for,  when 
one  loses  interest  in  the  sense  of  the  words  that 
are  offered  him,  he  can  still  lend  them  a  more 
subtle  ear.  Nearly  a  million  inhabitants  live 
here.  I  listen  to  the  speech  of  this  multitude 
far  under  a  lake  of  air.  It  is  a  clamor  at  once 
torrential  and  crackling,  shot  through  with 
abrupt  rips  like  the  tearing  of  paper.  .  .  . 
Has  the  city  a  different  murmur  at  different 
times  in  the  day  ?  I  propose  to  test  it.  At  this 
moment  it  is  evening.  They  are  volubly  pub- 
lishing the  day's  news.  Each  one  believes 
that  he  alone  is  speaking.  He  recounts  quar- 
rels, meals,  household  happenings,  family 
affairs,  his  work,  his  commerce,  his  politics. 
But  his  words  do  not  perish.  .  .  .  Guest  of 
the  dead,  I  listen  long  to  the  murmur,  the 
noise  that  the  living  make  afar."  Probably 
the  laurels  of  Goethe,  Dante,  Shakespeare,  are 
safe  enough;  nevertheless,  this  modern 
Frenchman,  who  has  seen  something  of  the 
world  in  the  consular  service  of  his  country, 
knows  how  to  describe  what  he  has  seen. 
•  •  • 

A   SELF-CONGRATULATORY   EDITOR,   indulging 

in  a  pleasing  retrospect  upon  something 
attempted,  something  done,  invites  his  read- 
ers to  celebrate  with  him  the  first  anniversary 
of  the  birth  of  "The  Unpopular  Review." 
Infant  mortality  among  magazines  and  other 
periodicals  is  far  greater,  proportionally,  than 
among  human  beings;  hence  the  pardonable 
exultation  with  which  this  fond  parent  of  a 
vigorous  and  promising  one-year-old  an- 
nounces to  the  world:  "We  have  survived 


the  most  dangerous  period  of  infancy,  and 
though  of  course  we  can't  see  into  our  own 
mouth"  —  the  parent  here  identifies  himself 
with  his  offspring  —  "and  are  too  young 
effectively  to  handle  a  looking-glass,  we  infer 
from  some  remarks  we've  heard,  that  we've 
cut  some  teeth ;  we  have  had  some  pains  that 
felt  like  it. ' '  Contrary  to  the  usual  rule,  one 
is  glad  to  learn,  this  lusty  young  quarterly 
has  elicited  from  subscribers  and  others  far 
more  testimonials  of  hearty  appreciation  than 
letters  of  complaint  and  fault-finding.  In  the 
most  distant  and  unlikely  quarters  it  has 
raised  up  to  itself  friends  and  admirers.  May 
it  not  be  that  the  fate-defying  title  of  the 
magazine,  piquing  curiosity  as  it  does,  has 
had  more  than  a  little  to  do  with  this  initial 
success?  But  however  that  may  be,  it  is  a 
success  not  to  be  grudged  to  the  able  and 
alert  men  and  women  of  letters  who  are 
making  "The  Unpopular"  so  readable  if  not 
exactly  "popular"  in  the  "best-selling" 
sense  of  that  term.  To  the  pardonably  com- 
placent editor  we  say,  in  the  words  of  the 
poet  already  quoted  in  this  paragraph,  happy, 
thrice  happy,  every  one  who  sees  his  labor 
well  begun,  and  not  perplexed  and  multiplied 
by  idly  waiting  for  time  and  tide. 
•  •  • 

THE  CATHOLICITY  OF  POPULAR  TASTE  IN  FIC- 
TION shows  itself  in  the  range  and  variety  of 
imaginative  literature  that  has  been  success- 
fully adapted  to  the  uses  of  the  cinemato- 
graph. In  the  "Branch  Library  News" 
published  monthly  by  the  New  York  Public 
Library  is  printed  a  list  of  the  works  of  fiction 
that  have  been  thus  translated  from  the  liter- 
ary into  the  pictorial  form.  Thirty-nine  such 
works  are  enumerated,  from  Mrs.  Barclay's 
novel,  "The  Rosary,"  at  the  head  of  the  list, 
to  Mr.  Owen  Wister's  presentation  of  a  quite 
different  set  of  characters  and  incidents  in 
"The  Virginian."  Strong  indeed  is  the  con- 
trast in  literary  excellence  between  the  first 
book  named  and  two  half-way  down  the  list. — 
"The  House  of  Seven  Gables"  and  "The 
Scarlet  Letter. "  "  The  Vicar  of  Wakefield, ' ' 
too,  must  not  be  overlooked  in  naming  the 
masterpieces  now  offered  to  the  millions  fre- 
quenting the  "movies,"  nor  Dickens 's  works 
(to  the  number  of  eight  novels  or  stories), 
Stevenson's  "Treasure  Island,"  Mrs.  Jack- 
son's "Ramona,"  Hugo's  "Les  Miserables," 
Mr.  Sienkiewicz's  "Quo  Vadis,"  Mrs.  Shel- 
ley's "Frankenstein,"  and,  of  course,  Mrs. 
Stowe's  "Uncle  Tom's  Cabin."  Though  the 
list  does  not  profess  to  be  complete,  it  ought 
to  have  included  "The  Pilgrim's  Progress," 
which  has  found  favor  as  exhibited  on  the 
screen,  appealing  as  it  does  to  somewhat  the 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


73 


same  taste  as  the  Biblical  story  of  Joseph, 
which  has  a  place  on  the  list.    New  titles  are 
of  course  being  added  to  these  thirty-nine, 
with  accelerating  rapidity. 
•    •    • 

POETRY  IN  WARTIME  is  holding  its  own  cred- 
itably in  this  country  at  least,  as  Mr.  William 
Stanley  Braithwaite  makes  evident  by  the 
second  annual  issue  of  his  "Anthology  of 
Magazine  Verse  and  Yearbook  of  American 
Poetry,"  a  work  compiled  and  published  by 
him  with  admirable  industry,  taste,  and,  not 
least  of  all,  courage.  Ten  years  ago,  when 
interest  in  American  poetry  was  nearly  at  its 
lowest,  and  consequently  much  of  that  poetry 
was  but  little  worthy  of  serious  attention,  Mr. 
Braithwaite  took  it  upon  himself  to  examine 
critically,  but  not  in  a  destructive  spirit,  the 
magazine  verse  of  the  calendar  year,  and  to 
report  upon  it  in  an  enlightening  and  on  the 
whole  encouraging  summary  which  appeared 
in  the  Boston  "Transcript."  This  labor  of 
love  he  continued  year  after  year  until  his 
annual  report  became  an  influential  contribu- 
tion to  the  cause  of  better  poetry  in  this  coun- 
try and  even  beyond  its  borders ;  and  now  for 
two  years  he  has  expanded  this  report  and 
compilation  to  the  dimensions  of  a  modest  vol- 
ume. This  year,  more  than  ever  before,  we 
have  reason  to  feel  gratified  with  the  results  of 
his  studies,  for  they  show  that  war's  alarms 
and  excitements  have  not  diverted  our  poets 
from  their  high  calling,  nor  even  concentrated 
their  attention  upon  martial  themes.  Mr. 
Braithwaite  maintains  that  the  general  excel- 
lence of  the  last  twelve  months'  products  of 
American  magazine  verse  is  higher  than  ever 
—  a  most  encouraging  pronouncement. 
•  •  • 

THE  DRAMA  AS  AN  INSTRUMENT  OF  REFORM, 

not  as  a  form  of  art  or  a  means  of  recrea- 
tion, was  discussed  in  characteristic  fashion 
by  M.  Eugene  Brieux  in  his  recent  lecture  and 
reading  at  Smith  College.  His  visit  to  Amer- 
ica has  been  called  an  "informal,  amicable 
ambassadorship,"  and  his  public  addresses 
have  shown  him  to  be  quite  as  much  a  humani- 
tarian and  reformer  as  he  is  a  playwright. 
The  lover  of  art  for  art's  sake,  pure  and 
simple,  must  find  little  use  for  such  ideas  as 
this  distinguished  Frenchman  is  ventilating 
among  us.  He  talked  at  Northampton  on  the 
subject  of  the  problem  play,  called  by  many 
the  boring  play,  and  insisted  that  most  of  the 
notable  comedies,  including  even  the  lighter 
ones  of  Moliere,  are  really  problem  plays. 
He  read  from  his  own  play,  "Le  Berceau," 
the  lesson  of  which  seems  to  be  that  married 
persons  having  children  should  not  be  allowed 
to  be  divorced;  and  from  "Les  Rempla- 


cantes,"  which  is  directed  against  the  custom 
of  importing  wet-nurses  from  the  country  to 
minister  to  the  needs  of  Paris  infants,  often 
at  the  expense  of  these  peasant  women's  own 
children.  That  the  stage  should  be  devoted  to 
higher  uses  than  mere  amusement  was  the  doc- 
trine preached  from  first  to  last  by  M.  Brieux, 
who  perhaps  is  too  much  inclined  to  lose  sight 
of  the  fact  that  the  highest  of  all  possible 
uses  may  at  times  be  served  by  an  inspired 
work  of  pure  art. 

•    •    • 

THE  POPULARIZATION  OF  CULTURE  progresses 
apace.  In  Massachusetts,  already  not  the 
least  cultured  of  our  States,  the  establish- 
ment of  a  state  university,  in  addition  to  the 
excellent  agricultural  college  at  Amherst,  is 
under  consideration.  A  bill  for  the  creation 
of  such  an  institution  was  presented  in  the 
last  legislature,  and  was  referred  to  the  board 
of  education  for  careful  consideration.  In 
connection  with  it  an  alternative  plan  is  un- 
der advisement  for  paying  the  tuition  fees  of 
all  Massachusetts  students  attending  existing 
colleges,  universities,  and  scientific  schools  of 
a  certain  standard.  This  would  be  a  rather 
startling  as  well  as  questionable  application 
of  the  patriarchal  idea  in  government.  But 
the  tax-payers,  through  their  delegated 
spokesmen,  will  have  a  word  to  say  about 
free  Latin  and  Greek  to  the  youth  of  the 
commonwealth. 


COMMUNICATION. 


"  MOMMSEN  AND  THE  WAK." 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
In  your  issue  of  January  1  you  publish  a  com- 
munication from  Mr.  Hodder,  "  Mommsen  and  the 
War."  It  seems  indeed  strange  that  the  discovery 
of  Mommsen  as  one  of  the  fathers  of  German 
Imperialism  has  come  so  late.  I  sincerely  hope 
that  this  is  only  the  beginning  of  a  long  series  of 
similarly  startling  discoveries.  In  the  meantime  I 
beg  to  ask  a  few  questions  of  you  and  Mr.  Hodder 
for  my  enlightenment  (I  am  only  a  plain  American 
citizen  of  German  descent  and  therefore  naturally 
slow  in  understanding  Anglo-Saxon  logic) : 

(1)  What  does  the  "Declaration  of  Indepen- 
dence" mean?     Independence  of  English  rule  or 
German  rule? 

(2)  Who  has  wronged  Ireland  in  the  past,  En- 
gland or  Germany? 

(3)  Who  has  conquered  India,  Egypt,  and  the 
Boer  Republics  in   South   Africa?     England   or 
Germany  ? 

(4)  Who  controls  the  sea? 

(5)  Who  is  older,  Nietzsche  or  Treitschke?    My 
teachers  in  school  said  Treitschke  was  ten  years 
older   than   Nietzsche;    have  you   more   accurate 


information? 

Urbana,  III.,  January  17, 1915. 


0.  E.  LBSSING. 


74 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  1 


gooks. 


THE  VARIOUSLY  ACCOMPLISHED 

liOUD  AVEBURY.* 


To  his  thousands  of  readers  and  admirers 
the  late  Lord  Avebury  will  always  remain  Sir 
John  Lubbock,  of  "St.  Lubbock 's  Day"  fame, 
author  of  many  delightful  Lubbock  books,  and 
especially  associated  with  certain  entrancing 
chapters  on  ants,  bees,  and  wasps,  with  sun- 
dry inspiring  volumes  on  the  pleasures  and 
the  uses  of  life,  and,  more  recently,  with  a 
widely  accepted  list  of  the  hundred  best  books 
in  all  literature.  A  playful  rhymester  in 
"Punch"  years  ago  put  into  four  lines  the 
popular  conception  of  the  man's  chief  claims 
to  renown,  and  even  now,  after  a  third  of  a 
century,  they  have  not  lost  their  epigram- 
matic appropriateness.  They  were  appended 
to  a  "  Fancy  Portrait ' '  of  Sir  John  under  the 
semblance  of  a  huge  bumble-bee,  and  ran  as 
follows : 

"  How  doth  the  Banking  Busy  Bee 

Improve  the  shining  hours, 
By  studying  on  Bank  Holidays 
Strange  insects  and  wild  flowers." 

Like  many  another  versatile  genius  before 
and  since,  Lubbock  suffered  in  his  reputation 
with  specialists  from  the  great  variety  of 
channels  through  which  he  allowed  his  super- 
abundant energies  to  flow.  Among  bankers, 
as  it  was  rather  cruelly  and  not  quite  accu- 
rately said  of  him,  he  was  known  as  a  famous 
scientist,  and  among  scientists  as  an  eminent 
banker.  His  introduction  of  the  highly  suc- 
cessful Bank  Holiday  into  English  business 
life  does  indeed  link  his  name  lastingly  with 
London  banking,  as  his  popular  treatises  on 
insects  associate  him  with  the  entomologists; 
but  his  device  of  a  system  of  cooperative  clear- 
ing for  checks  and  notes  received  by  London 
banks  from  the  country,  instead  of  the  labo- 
rious and  time-consuming  individual  treat- 
ment of  such  commercial  items  that  gave  place 
to  it,  showed  him  to  be  both  expert  and  origi- 
nal in  the  sphere  of  banking,  just  as,  for 
example,  his  early  researches  in  the  vitelli- 
genous  glands  of  insects  proved  him  to  be  not 
lacking  in  capacity  for  independent  observa- 
tion and  discovery  in  natural  science. 

Born  in  1834,  his  adolescent  years  fell  at  a 
rather  fortunate  time  and  amid  rather  favor- 
able surroundings  for  the  development  of  his 
peculiar  tastes  and  aptitudes.  Darwin  lived 
at  Down,  about  a  mile  from  the  Lubbock 
home  at  High  Elms,  and  to  the  influence  and 

*  LIFE  OF  SIR  JOHN  LUBBOCK,  LORD  AVEBURY.  By  Horace  G. 
Hutchinson.  Tn  two  volumes.  Illustrated.  New  York :  The 
Macmillan  Co. 


encouragement  of  the  great  naturalist  he  owed 
much.  Acquaintance  too  was  made  with  such 
contemporary  men  of  science  as  Lyell,  Huxley, 
Tyndall,  and  Spencer.  Though  his  formal 
education  did  not  extend  beyond  Eton,  be- 
cause both  he  and  his  father,  a  banker  with  a 
bent  for  mathematics,  had  a  poor  opinion  of 
the  almost  exclusively  classical  curriculum  of 
that  day,  and  though  he  was  called  from  his 
books  at  fifteen  to  take  a  place  of  responsibility 
in  the  paternal  banking  house,  yet  his  extraor- 
dinary industry  and  mental  activity  made  it 
possible  for  him  to  achieve  the  sort  of  intel- 
lectual training  that  really  counted  in  his  case 
and  that  was  probably  the  best  possible  one 
for  the  work  that  lay  before  him. 

The  story  of  that  work,  branching  out  in 
many  directions  and  rich  in  the  astonishing 
variety  of  things  attempted  and  carried 
through,  is  what  the  reader  finds  presented 
in  attractive  detail  in  Mr.  Horace  G.  Hutchin- 
son 's  "Life  of  Sir  John  Lubbock,"  a  biog- 
raphy filling  two  considerable  volumes  and 
undertaken  with  the  sanction  and  assistance 
of  Lady  Avebury  and  other  members  of  the 
family.  Letters,  diaries,  and  other  private 
papers  have  been  placed  at  the  author's  dis- 
posal, and  they  have  been  of  great  service  in 
making  possible  a  full  and  accurate  chronologi- 
cal account  of  Lubbock's  achievements  in 
science  and  in  public  life,  in  authorship  and  in 
banking,  as  a  legislator  and  reformer  and 
zealous  promoter  of  multitudinous  good 
causes;  but,  unfortunately  for  the  best  inter- 
ests of  biography  as  a  fascinating  form  of 
literature,  these  papers  have  not,  as  the  biog- 
rapher admits,  proved  to  be  of  much  help  in 
conveying  any  intimate  sense  of  what  man- 
ner of  human  being  Lord  Avebury  really  was. 
Huxley's  letters  are  far  more  characteristic 
of  the  writer,  far  more  enjoyable  and  sug- 
gestive in  the  reading,  than  any  but  a  few  of 
the  earlier  ones  from  the  pen  of  his  more  ver- 
satile younger  contemporary.  However,  it  is 
perhaps  impossible  for  a  man  to  put  the  best 
of  himself  into  a  series  of  books  too  numerous 
even  to  count  without  weariness,  besides  leav- 
ing his  impress  on  the  laws  of  his  nation  and 
on  the  public  life  of  his  day  and  generation, 
and  at  the  same  time  draw  his  own  likeness 
with  speaking  fidelity  in  his  daily  correspon- 
dence. Certainly  Lubbock  has  not  done  so, 
and  therefore  to  the  number  of  those  biogra- 
phies whose  chief  excellence  lies  in  their  being 
little  short  of  autobiographies  Mr.  Hutchin- 
son's  work,  however  admirable  in  other  re- 
spects, cannot  belong. 

On  the  title-page  of  the  book  one  notes  the 
rather  conspicuous  insertion,  to  the  length  of 
fifteen  lines  in  small  print,  of  Lord  Avebury 's 


1915 


THE    DIAL 


75 


many  society  memberships  and  honorary  de- 
grees, just  as  in  the  later  published  works 
from  his  own  pen  these  innumerable  adjuncts 
to  his  name  have  not  failed  to  make  their 
appearance,  somewhat  to  the  surprise  of  those 
who  like  to  imagine  the  author  of  ' '  The  Pleas- 
ures of  Life"  a  person  of  simple  tastes  and 
unaffected  deportment.  The  reason  of  this 
parade  of  personal  distinctions  we  are  now 
glad  to  find  set  forth  with  some  care  by  the 
biographer.  It  is  worth  quoting. 

"  He  was  honorary  member  and  fellow  of  an 
extraordinarily  large  number  of  learned  societies, 
both  home  and  foreign,  and  bearer  of  distinctions 
as  various  as  his  talents.  Some  surprise  has  been 
expressed  at  the  conscientiousness  with  which  he 
gave  at  full  length,  after  his  name  on  the  title- 
pages  of  his  books,  the  initial  letters  indicating 
these  degrees,  etc.  Certainly  Lord  Avebury's  very 
simple  character,  without  a  touch  of  cynicism  in  its 
composition,  made  him  highly  appreciative  of  the 
recognition  of  his  fellows,  but  one  of  his  publishers 
has  explained  to  me  what  he  believes  to  have  been 
his  real  motive  in  inscribing  at  full  the  initials  sig- 
nifying his  dignities.  Lord  Avebury,  in  his  opin- 
ion, was  influenced  by  the  feeling  that  if  any  let- 
ters of  the  kind  were  affixed  to  a  name,  a  certain 
slight  was  cast  on  the  institution  which  had  hon- 
oured him  if  the  distinguishing  initials  of  that 
institution  were  omitted.  His  idea  was  that  all  or 
none  should  be  given,  more  especially  as  many  of 
the  distinctions  were  of  foreign  origin,  and  it  was 
particularly  imperative,  by  all  laws  of  courtesy, 
not  to  hurt  foreign  feelings.  It  is  a  motive  per- 
fectly in  accord  with  Lord  Avebury's  peculiar 
kindliness  and  sensitive  consideration  of  other 
people." 

In  this  connection  there  is  an  amusing  bit  of 
correspondence  given  by  Mr.  Hutchinson 
which  perhaps  may  help  to  explain  this  punc- 
tiliousness in  the  use  of  titles.  An  East  Indian 
scholar  once  exchanged  some  letters  with  the 
author  of  "The  Pleasures  of  Life"  on  the  sub- 
ject of  a  proposed  translation  of  that  book 
into  one  of  the  dialects  of  India;  and  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  correspondence  occurs  this 
reproachful  passage  from  the  pen  of  the  Orien- 
tal: "Formerly  your  Lordship  used  to  ad- 
dress '  Mr. '  or  '  Esquire, '  but  I  don 't  know  why 
your  Lordship  have  omitted  in  the  last  two 
letters.  Although  I  did  not  gain  or  lose  any- 
thing by  it,  but  still  I  wonder. ' ' 

Lubbock's  power  of  getting  things  done, 
both  in  his  own  person  and  through  others, 
argues  unusual  energy  and  the  strictest 
economy  of  time.  Indeed,  among  his  early 
papers  there  are  various  schemes  or  schedules 
assigning  its  particular  task  to  each  hour  or 
half-hour  of  the  day  with  a  painful  particu- 
larity hardly  surpassed  by  "Queed"  himself 
in  the  prime  of  his  priggishness.  An  anecdote 
very  much  to  the  point  is  as  follows : 


"  One  of  his  sons  told  me  that  on  the  day  that 
his  father  first  took  him  into  the  City,  to  introduce 
him  to  the  partners  of  their  business  house,  Lord 
Avebury  drew  a  book  out  of  his  pocket  as  soon  as 
they  were  seated  in  the  '  tube,'  and  said,  '  I  think 
you  will  find  it  a  good  plan  always  to  have  a  book 
with  you,  in  your  pocket,  to  read  at  odd  times,'  and 
therewith  he  became  at  once  so  absorbed  in  his 
reading  as  to  be  quite  unconscious  of  his  fellow- 
travellers  and  their  conversation." 

A  pleasant  personal  touch  and  also  an  inci- 
dental testimony  to  the  popularity  of  Lub- 
bock's books  are  to  be  found  in  another 
passage  that  offers  itself  for  citation.  The 
eldest  boy  by  his  second  marriage  had  just 
been  sent  away  to  school  at  Rottingdean. 

"  Sir  John  affectionately  notes  the  sorrow  of 
himself  and  of  Lady  Lubbock  in  parting  with  him, 
but  from  the  very  first  the  school  seems  to  have 
been  a  success.  The  boy  was  happy  there,  his 
reports  were  good  and,  for  his  age,  he  took  a  high 
place.  His  father  and  mother  went  down  to  see 
him.  Sir  John  writes  that  Harold  conducted  him 
to  the  school  library  and  pointed  out  with  pride  to 
the  father  that  all  the  latter's  books  were  '  out '  — 
boys  were  reading  them.  He  said  they  were  always 
out  and  were  among  the  most  popular.  In  this 
year  both  the  Pleasures  and  the  Use  of  Life  were 
translated  into  Greek,  Arabic,  and  Japanese." 

It  is  the  first  of  the  above-named  books  that, 
of  all  his  works,  has  won  for  its  author  the 
largest  number  of  readers,  being  now  in  its  two 
hundred  and  seventy-second  thousand  (in 
Part  I.)  and  in  its  two  hundred  and  thirty- 
second  thousand  (in  Part  II.).  Of  the  some- 
what less  popular  kindred  work,  ' '  The  Use  of 
Life,"  the  author  noted  seventeen  years  ago 
that,  beside  editions  in  English,  the  book  had 
appeared  in  French  (seven  editions),  German, 
Dutch,  Polish,  Bohemian,  Spanish,  Italian, 
Greek,  Arabic  (five  editions),  Marathi,  Gujer- 
athi,  Japanese  (six  editions),  Danish,  Rus- 
sian, Armenian,  and  Esthonian. 

As  a  zealously  active  member  of  Parliament 
and,  after  1900,  an  energetic  participant  in 
the  less  momentous  proceedings  of  the  House 
of  Lords,  Lubbock  advocated  successfully 
many  needed  reforms  and  improvements.  In 
a  single  parliamentary  session  we  find  him 
introducing  three  important  bills, —  one  for 
the  earlier  closing  of  shops,  one  for  amending 
the  public-library  law,  and  one  to  facilitate 
the  forming  of  open  spaces  in  large  cities. 
The  first  was  blocked,  says  his  biographer ;  the 
other  two  were  passed.  He  held,  first  and 
last,  a  great  number  of  chairmanships,  includ- 
ing that  of  the  London  County  Council,  and 
he  served  the  causes  of  science  and  humanity 
and  education  in  various  capacities,  official 
and  unofficial.  In  fact,  the  list  of  his  activities 
is  much  too  long  to  be  given  here.  Mr.  Hutch- 
inson makes  an  impressive  showing  of  these 


76 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  1 


varied  interests  and  occupations,  and  has  pro- 
duced a  useful  and  not  uninspiring  biography. 
It  is  a  record  such  as  the  late  Dr.  Samuel 
Smiles  would  have  taken  delight  in  pointing 
to  as  a  most  helpful  one  for  eager  and  ambi- 
tious youth.  Its  lessons  in  the  value  of  econ- 
omy of  time,  making  the  most  of  one's 
resources,  controlling  one's  temper  under 
provocation,  and  so  on,  are  many  and  obvious. 
Lord  Avebury's  qualities  seem  to  have  been 
admirable  without  exception,  and  these  quali- 
ties are  well  depicted  by  his  biographer.  Two 
portraits  of  the  man  and  views  of  two  country 
houses  belonging  to  him  adorn  the  volumes. 
PERCY  F.  BICKNELL. 


THE  DRAMA  MOVEMENT.* 


The  new  drama  is  still  young,  still  youth- 
fully and  vigorously  uncertain,  still  the  sub- 
ject of  prophecy;  but  it  seems  nevertheless  to 
have  reached  age  and  reliability  enough  to 
warrant  the  attempt  to  define  it  and  to  esti- 
mate the  significance  of  its  achievement  and 
its  tendencies.  Among  the  most  recent  books, 
Mr.  Sheldon  Cheney's  "  The  New  Movement 
in  the  Theatre  "  is  a  broad  survey  of  strictly 
contemporaneous  dramatic  activity,  especially 
in  England  and  the  United  States,  and  "  The 
Changing  Drama, ' '  by  Mr.  Archibald  Hender- 
son, an  already  well-known  writer  on  the 
European  dramatists,  is  a  critical  account  of 
the  contributions  and  tendencies  of  the  past 
sixty  years.  If  the  lover  of  the  stage  will  add 
to  these  two  Mr.  Richard  Burton's  "How  to 
See  a  Play,"  he  will  possess  the  means  of 
greatly  increasing  his  capacity  for  enjoyment 
of  the  contemporary  drama,  whether  as  reader 
or  witness. 

While  Mr.  Burton's  volume  shares  the  char- 
acter of  the  other  two  in  containing  a  measure 
of  historical  and  critical  matter,  it  is  first  of  all 
a  practical  work,  whose  concern  is  the  need  of 
the  play-reader  or  theatre-goer.  It  discourses 
vigorously  and  sensibly  on  the  structure  of 
the  play  and  the  method  of  its  composition, 
upon  the  qualities  which  make  it  real  drama, 
upon  its  value  as  a  cultural  opportunity,  and 
upon  its  possibilities  as  a  factor  in  social  im- 
provement. It  recites  the  principal  facts  in 
the  history  of  the  drama,  leads  up  to  and  char- 
acterizes the  modern  school,  and  helps  the 
reader  to  the  means  of  making  its  literary  as 
well  as  its  stage  acquaintance.  Mr.  Burton's 
immediate  purpose  is  the  enlightenment  of  the 


*  How  TO  SEE  A  PLAY. 
The  Macmillan  Co. 

THE  NEW  MOVEMENT  IN  THE  THEATRE. 
New  York :  Mitchell  Kennerley. 

THE  CHANGING  DRAMA:  Contributions  and  Tendencies. 
Archibald  Henderson.     New  York:  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 


By  Richard  Burton.     New  York : 
By  Sheldon  Cheney. 
By 


play-lover  for  his  own  sake;  but  he  has  the 
ulterior  purpose,  as  befits  the  President  of  the 
Drama  League  of  America,  of  encouraging 
good  drama  by  helping  to  provide  the  ideal 
audience. 

Mr.  Cheney  divides  his  time  about  evenly 
between  characterization  of  the  play- writer's 
work  and  characterization  of  the  new  stage- 
craft. He  has  a  great  deal  to  say  in  praise  of 
the  new  drama,  especially  in  England,  as  "the 
drama  of  sincerity."  In  America  he  sees  the 
movement  as  "hardly  more  than  a  promise," 
in  England  and  on  the  Continent  as  "both  a 
promise  and  a  vital,  lasting  achievement." 
He  is  especially  enthusiastic  for  Mr.  Gordon 
Craig  and  the  "a?sthetic  theatre  movement," 
and  hostile  to  naturalistic  stagecraft,  which 
he  assails  under  the  name  of  "Belascoism"  as 
the  "theatre  producer's  perfect  realization  of 
a  false  ideal."  Recognizing  the  tyranny  of 
play-house  commercialism  in  the  United 
States,  for  real  progress  he  looks  to  such 
smaller  centres  of  drama  interest  as  the  uni- 
versities and  colleges,  and  the  "art"  theatres 
in  the  larger  cities.  The  authority  of  Mr. 
Cheney's  otherwise  excellent  book  is  impaired 
by  repetition  and  careless  expression.  The 
last  chapter,  especially,  on  "Gordon  Craig's 
Service,"  contains  a  great  deal  that  is  already 
said  in  earlier  chapters.  There  is  too  much 
of  "gripping"  and  "sincere"  and  "vital,"  to 
say  nothing  of  lapses  like  ' '  chief  protagonist, ' ' 
"such  protagonists  as  Gordon  Craig,  etc.," 
' '  touches  were  infused, ' '  and  ' '  refreshing  reti- 
cence of  touch."  This,  however,  is  perhaps  to 
be  charged  to  the  New  Education  rather  than 
to  the  author.  There  are  not  a  few  who  suspect 
that  the  "new  and  broader  universities  that 
are  so  splendidly  maintaining  their  place  at 
the  forefront  of  American  progress,"  to  use 
Mr.  Cheney's  words,  are  doing  rather  less  to 
preserve  the  ideal  of  the  English  language 
than  the  "  old  hidebound  institutions,  with 
their  set  academic  standards,"  that  come  un- 
der his  condemnation. 

Mr.  Henderson's  book  is  primarily  critical, 
and  is  exceedingly  stimulating.  Such  chapter 
headings  as  ' '  The  New  Criticism  and  the  New 
Ethics,"  "Realism  and  the  Pulpit  Stage," 
"The  Battle  with  Illusions,"  "The  New 
Technic,"  "The  New  Content,"  and  "The 
Newer  Tendencies,"  indicate  at  once  its  com- 
prehensiveness, its  philosophic  character,  and 
its  pugnacious  tone.  Ibsen  and  Shaw  are  its 
main  figures,  and  the  social  significance  of  the 
drama  is  the  theme  that  runs  through  the 
whole  discussion.  Many  indeed  will  think  the 
theme  too  prominent.  "The  great  discovery 
of  modern  life  ...  is  ...  that  society  has 
become  the  tyrant  of  the  universe";  "the 


1915] 


77 


deterministic  pressure  of  social  institutions, 
the  tyranny  of  capital";  "the  curved  backs 
of  oppressed  humanity";  "the  tocsin  of  re- 
volt"; "an  age  that  fought  with  dragons  and 
an  age  that  fights  with  microbes";  "the  dra- 
matic artists  of  to-day,  of  all  races  and  all 
climes,  have  a  sense  of  common  purpose,  a  cer- 
tain unity  of  aim,"  that  "may  best  be  de- 
scribed as  the  intention  of  advancing  the  cause 
of  civilization"  —  there  is  an  abundance  of 
these  familiar  expressions,  and  theatre-goer 
and  play-writer  begin  to  wonder  as  they  read 
whether  one  more  tyrant  has  not  been  set  over 
dramatic  art  in  the  shape  of  sociology.  There 
are  drama-lovers  who,  while  recognizing  the 
fact  of  human  suffering  and  sympathizing 
with  it,  cannot  agree  that  social  tyranny  has 
spread  to  the  stars,  or  that  the  fault  is  never  in 
ourselves  that  we  are  underlings,  but  always 
in  society,  or  that  a  social  drama  will  prove 
the  means  of  regeneration.  These  people 
would  like  the  privilege  of  sometimes  wit- 
nessing, reading,  or  writing  plays  for  pure 
pleasure  —  plays  which  they  dare  to  think 
may  be  made  by  the  real  artist  as  efficacious 
as  the  drama  of  "social  conscientiousness" 
and  ' '  moral  propagandism. ' '  In  spite  of  over- 
emphasis of  the  social  theme,  however,  and  in 
spite  of  needless  protests  against  the  poor  old 
unities  and  ' '  art  for  art 's  sake, ' '  which  no  one 
has  insisted  on  for  a  long  time  now,  and 
against  a  really  no  longer  tyrannous  "person 
called  Aristotle,"  in  Mr.  Granville  Barker's 
phrase,  Mr.  Henderson's  volume  is  full  of 
thoughtful  and  illuminating  criticism  on  the 
drama  as  art,  and  deserves  high  praise. 

The  reading  of  Mr.  Cheney  and  Mr.  Hen- 
derson—  for  Dr.  Burton's  book  is  different  in 
purpose  and  character  —  begets  a  number  of 
impressions  in  regard  to  the  new  drama.  In 
the  first  place,  it  is  clear  that  there  is  really 
something  being  achieved,  and  that  the  some- 
thing has  to  do  with  art  as  well  as  propa- 
gandism. In  the  second  place,  there  exist  a 
striking  number  and  variety  of  stage  repre- 
sentations claiming  recognition  as  dramatic 
art,  and  there  is  a  great  deal  of  fruitful  ex- 
perimentation in  process.  Mr.  Cheney,  after 
removing  farce,  melodrama,  musical  comedy, 
and  vaudeville,  carefully  divides  what  is  left 
into  aesthetic  drama,  represented  by  Mr. 
Gordon  Craig's  marionette-drama,  Herr  Rein- 
hardt's  mimo-drama,  and  the  Russian  dance- 
drama;  the  drama  of  emotion,  where  "the 
appeal  to  the  eye  and  the  ear  is  merely  a  very 
small  aid  to  the  effectiveness  of  the  whole"; 
and  the  drama  of  thought,  where  more  empha- 
sis is  placed  on  the  theme.  Mr.  Henderson 
defines  a  play  as  ' '  any  presentation  of  human 
life  by  human  interpreters  on  a  stage  in  a 


theatre  before  a  representative  audience, ' '  and 
a  drama  as  "  a  particular  kind  of  a  play. ' ' 

Mr.  Henderson's  definition  seems  at  first 
sight  handsomely  liberal,  though  it  doesn't 
provide  for  the  dance  and  marionettes;  but 
the  next  sentence,  which  begins  three  pages  of 
interpretation  by  saying  that  "the  play  in- 
trinsically, and  its  representation  by  the 
interpreters,  must  be  so  effective,  interesting, 
and  moving  as  to  induce  the  normal  individual 
in  appreciable  numbers  to  make  a  sacrifice  of 
money  and  time,  either  one  or  both,  for  the 
privilege  of  witnessing  its  performance," 
would  go  a  long  way  toward  keeping  the 
classics  outside  the  definition.  Who  is  the 
normal  individual  ?  At  least  the  normal  indi- 
vidual of  American  theatrical  commerce  does 
not  go  to  classic  plays  in  appreciable  numbers. 

But  one  receives  the  impression,  too,  that 
the  classics,  both  ancient  and  less  remote^ 
count  comparatively  little  with  either  Mr. 
Henderson  or  Mr.  Cheney.  Like  other  valiant 
champions  of  the  New,  their  first  impulse  is  to 
dispose  of  the  past,  and  the  past  in  these  pro- 
gressive days  is  more  or  less  defenceless. 
They  don't  have  to  prove  the  ignorance  and 
tyranny  of  the  past ;  they  simply  admit  these 
and  all  its  other  vices  and  incapabilities,  and 
go  on.  Mr.  Cheney  "has  very  little  respect 
for  what  is  commonly  taken  (like  medicine)  as 
authoritative  criticism."  Mr.  Henderson 
laments  that  "our  critics  of  the  drama 
are  unfortunately  classic  in  predilection." 
Shakespeare  didn't  love  the  common  manr 
Moliere  sympathized  with  society  rather 
than  the  individual,  and  the  Greeks  missed 
the  social  point  utterly.  "The  false  assump- 
tion, which  has  persisted  from  the  time  of  the 
Greeks  to  the  present  day, "  is  a  phrase  which 
can  be  applied  with  ease  and  comparative 
safety  to  anything  the  modernist  wishes  to 
remove  from  the  path  of  his  argument.  Along 
with  other  things  New  there  seems  to  be  a 
New  Logic,  which  is  almost  capable  of  saying 
what  it  really  means :  ' '  The  world  up  to  our 
day  has  thought  thus-and-so;  we  think  other- 
wise ;  therefore,  the  world  up  to  our  day  has 
thought  wrong. ' '  The  statements  of  Aristotle, 
we  are  told,  are  incomplete  and  ridiculous, 
and  he  is  guilty  of  gross  and  exaggerated  dis- 
tortions of  the  truth.  To  prove  Aristotle's 
comparative  mediocrity  as  a  critic  of  the 
drama  by  assuming  that  he  knew  nothing 
beyond  what  he  says,  is  of  course  no  worse 
than  to  prove  his  infallibility  by  assuming  that 
what  he  says  implies  everything  he  doesn't 
say.  It  is  the  principle  that  is  objectionable 
—  the  use  of  an  ancient  and  helpless  person 
to  prove  anything  or  everything,  as  if  he  were 
mere  statistics,  or,  let  us  say,  the  "facts" 


78 


THE    DIAL 


[  Feb.  1 


connected  with  the  immediate  beginning  of  a, 
great  war. 

Yet  in  spite  of  this  independence  and  self- 
sufficiency  in  the  partisans  of  the  New  Drama, 
it  can  hardly  fail  to  strike  the  attention  of  the 
reader  familiar  with  the  classics  that  many  of 
the  virtues  claimed  for  the  drama  of  to-day 
are  precisely  the  classical  virtues,  and  the 
ancient  classical  virtues  at  that.  Compact- 
ness, simplicity  of  plot  and  omission  of  sub- 
plot, breadth  of  character-drawing,  the  re- 
turn to  the  purely  human,  the  use  of  scant 
and  simple  scenery,  the  open-air  performance, 
the  relief-theatre,  the  reconciliation  of  litera- 
ture and  the  stage,  the  tendency  toward  relig- 
ious drama  —  enumerate  these  things  to  one 
acquainted  with  the  whole  course  of  the 
drama,  and  it  will  be  Sophocles  that  he  thinks 
of,  not  Ibsen  or  Shaw.  Even  the  much- 
abused  unities  are  being  made  welcome,  in  the 
one-act  drama  now  so  frequent.  Gather  all 
these  virtues  together,  add  nobility  of  lan- 
guage, without  which  drama  can  only  by 
exception  be  other  than  local  and  ephemeral, 
and  ' '  the  sense  of  the  nobility  of  life, ' '  which 
Mr.  Cheney  says  the  dramatists  of  the  new 
movement  lack,  insist  less  on  ' '  the  mystery  and 
immensity  of  little  things"  and  "the  apotheo- 
sis of  the  insignificant,"  and  more  on  univer- 
sals,  and  we  shall  possess  again  the  ideal  of 
twenty-five  hundred  years  ago,  the  departure 
from  which,  as  Martin  Schanz  has  said,  never 
fails  to  bring  its  own  revenge.  Then  get  a 
national  theatre  and  cultivated  audiences,  and 
the  acting  and  writing  of  great  drama  will 
depend  upon  the  presence  of  genius  among  us. 

But  we  do  not  possess  all  these  virtues, 
either  in  America  or  abroad.  The  new  drama, 
like  all  youth,  is  too  confident,  and  claims  too 
much.  A  little  more  modesty  and  a  little  less 
combativeness  would  be  as  well  for  the  cause 
we  all  have  at  heart.  The  classics  are  not  so 
dead,  nor  the  new  drama  so  "vital  and  last- 
ing," as  the  new  critics  think.  Ibsen,  who 
receives  so  much  attention  from  Mr.  Hender- 
son, is  already  recognized  by  the  new  English 
artists,  according  to  Mr.  Cheney,  as  "not  of 
their  country,  or  their  time  (for  the  world  has 
taken  mighty  strides  forward  since  he  ceased 
to  write)."  The  social  themes  of  to-day  may 
easily  prove  to  have  been  neither  for  all  time 
nor  for  all  places,  and  the  ' '  symbolic  romance, 
extensive,  vast,"  which  in  Mr.  Henderson's 
thinking  ' '  bids  fair  to  express  best  the  artistic 
sense  of  the  coming  century,"  may  have  its 
own  ' '  new  content. ' '  As  to  national  theatres, 
in  America  we  have  none,  and  are  not  likely 
to  have  them  under  popular  government  until 
the  popular  idea  of  the  usefulness  of  literature 
and  the  fine  arts  has  undergone  a  change. 


The  opportunity  to  hear  good  drama  comes 
rarely  to  all  but  a  very  few  places,  and  when  it 
does  come  costs  the  price  of  a  half  barrel  of 
flour  for  the  Belgians.  Art  drama  at  cost, 
produced  by  our  dramatic  societies,  is  con- 
demned beforehand  as  "highbrow,"  and  is 
poorly  patronized.  In  all  but  a  few  journals, 
criticism  of  the  drama  is  either  identical  with 
advertising  or  the  best  is  like  the  worst.  Even 
the  Drama  League  of  America  puts  the  pro- 
hibitive price  of  seventy-five  cents  on  its  pub- 
lished single  plays  by  contemporary  authors. 
It  was  possible  at  one  time  in  the  long  ago  to 
get  a  play  of  Shakespeare  for  six  cents,  and 
the  difference  is  not  explainable  wholly  on  the 
ground  of  Shakespeare's  inferiority. 

GRANT  SHOWERMAN. 


THE 


FKAXCE.* 


For  many  years  it  has  been  the  fashion 
among  superficial  observers  to  regard  France 
as  a  decadent  nation.  It  is  true  that  for  some 
time  her  population  has  been  stationary  and, 
indeed,  the  last  census  (1911)  disclosed  an 
excess  of  deaths  over  births;  but  the  phe- 
nomenon of  a  declining  birth  rate  is  by  no 
means  peculiar  to  France  —  it  exists  in  most 
countries  and  is  symptomatic  of  our  so-called 
higher  civilization.  The  situation  in  France 
differs  from  that  in  England,  Germany,  and 
the  United  States  only  in  degree,  and  it  seems 
only  a  question  of  time  when  the  populations 
of  these  countries  will  cease  to  increase. 
There  has  also  been  a  popular  belief  that  the 
mental  and  physical  vigor  of  the  French,  their 
national  spirit,  their  patriotism,  and  their 
capacity  to  govern  themselves  have  all  been 
on  the  decline.  To  whatever  degree  this  belief 
may  have  been  well  founded  in  the  past,  no 
well-informed  person  regards  it  as  true  to-day. 

In  a  book  entitled  ' '  France  Herself  Again ' ' 
M.  Ernest  Dimnet,  a  professor  in  the  College 
of  St.  Stanislaus,  Paris,  and  a  distinguished 
scholar  who  writes  in  perfect  English,  dwells 
upon  the  far-reaching  transformation  which 
the  national  spirit  of  France  has  undergone  in 
recent  years.  That  a  remarkable  change  has 
come  over  France  since  the  beginning  of  the 
twentieth  century,  he  says,  cannot  be  denied 
or  doubted,  for  everybody  has  felt  it  or  heard 
of  it.  To  present  a  picture  of  this  change  in 
its  true  perspective  M.  Dimnet  starts  out  with 
a  review  of  the  intellectual  and  moral  deterio- 
ration of  France  which  set  in  during  the 
Second  Empire  and  continued  steadily  until 
the  Tangier  incident  of  1905,  an  event  which 
seemed  to  awaken  the  French  to  a  realization 

*  FRANCE  HERSELF  AGAIN.     By  Ernest  Dimnet.    New  York : 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


79 


of  their  national  consciousness  and  kindle  in 
the  nation  an  esprit  nouveau.  After  fifty 
years  of  fruitless  and  often  foolish  experi- 
mentation, distracted  and  gradually  corrupted 
by  false  ideals  and  low  morals,  during  which 
her  precious  hours  and  resources  were  wasted, 
France  now  desires  to  be  a  nation  once  more : 

"  She  is  like  a  man  whom  philosophy  or  science 
—  mere  intellectual  pursuits  —  have  absorbed  until 
some  great  sorrow  makes  him  feel  that  he  has  a 
heart  as  well  as  a  brain  and  has  to  live  as  well  as  to 
think  in  a  way  that  will  fit  him  for  life." 

At  the  beginning  of  the  Second  Empire, 
France  had  only  one  rival  in  Europe  —  that 
was  England.  The  feeling  of  national  su- 
premacy was  expressed  in  a  speech  of  the 
Emperor  shortly  after  his  accession  in  1852 
when  he  said,  ' '  France  is  happy,  Europe  may 
now  live  in  peace."  This  was  no  mere  boast 
but  an  absolutely  true  statement  of  French 
supremacy  on  the  Continent.  To-day  all  is 
changed.  France  no  longer  has  it  within  her 
power  to  impose  her  will  upon  Europe.  The 
German  Empire,  Italy,  and  Austria  have  risen 
oy  her  side  to  dispute  her  old  time  suprem- 
acy. The  deterioration  began,  as  has  been 
said,  in  the  midst  of  the  outward  splendors 
of  the  Second  Empire,  when  the  seeds  of 
materialism,  the  decadence  of  morals,  the  un- 
wholesomeness  of  literature,  the  hatred  of 
Christianity  (under  the  guise  of  anti-clerical- 
ism) were  planted;  and  these  seeds  produced 
their  full  fruition  during  the  Third  Republic. 
During  this  period  the  French  lived  on  illu- 
sions as  on  pleasure.  Everyone  seemed  bent 
on  deceiving  himself.  Everywhere  the  spirit 
•of  ideology  and  self-satisfaction  was  dominant. 
France  was  weakened  by  ideas  which  obscured 
Tier  reason  and  enervated  her  moral  powers. 
She  could  have  quickly  recovered  from  the 
losses  of  1870  had  it  not  been  for  the  intellec- 
tual deterioration  which  a  harmful  philosophy 
and  a  lawless  literature  produced.  "Within 
twenty  years,  we  are  told,  after  Napoleon's 
boast  that  France  was  the  arbiter  of  Europe, 
she  had  "fallen  in  power,  influence,  popula- 
tion and  moral  energy  behind  a  rival  whose 
greatness  her  own  monarch  had  helped  and 
practically  made."  The  chief  cause  of  the 
moral  and  political  decadence  of  France  under 
the  Third  Republic  and  the  "state  of  dis- 
order" in  which  the  country  found  itself  after 
the  retirement  of  Thiers,  according  to  M. 
Dimnet,  is  to  be  found  in  the  character  of  the 
constitution.  It  is,  he  says,  a  mere  makeshift 
and  is  ' '  not  only  democratic  but  demagogic  in 
its  principles."  The  President  of  the  Repub- 
lic is  a  mere  dummy  without  real  authority. 
He  presides  without  governing,  he  attends 
inaugurations,  opens  expositions,  distributes 


the  grand  prix,  and  hunts  rabbits.  He  cannot 
exercise  a  single  one  of  the  numerous  and 
important  powers  which  the  letter  of  the  writ- 
ten constitution  gives  him.  The  Radicals  have 
for  a  long  time  advocated  the  abolition  of  the 
Presidency,  but  the  great  majority  of  the  peo- 
ple desire  a  President  who  shall  be  a  leader 
and  a  real  executive  like  the  President  of  the 
United  States.  When  M.  Poincare  was  elected 
the  people  believed  and  hoped  that  he  would 
be  something  more  than  a  figurehead,  but  he 
too,  like  his  predecessors,  has  adopted  a  policy 
of  self-effacement.  Under  the  operation  of  the 
constitution,  as  it  has  developed,  he  could  not 
do  otherwise.  The  whole  trouble  lies  in  the 
attitude  of  the  parliament,  which  insists  on 
subordinating  every  other  power  in  the  state 
to  itself.  It  is  not  content  with  legislating 
and  controlling  the  ministers  in  respect  to 
their  general  policies,  but  it  insists  on  govern- 
ing and  administering  as  well.  The  result  is 
short-lived  ministries  (there  have  been  about 
fifty-five  since  the  establishment  of  the  Third 
Republic)  and  a  President  who  plays  only  a 
ceremonial  role.  In  its  colonial  and  foreign 
policy,  the  Republic,  we  are  told,  has  failed; 
in  education  the  results  have  been  unsatisfac- 
tory and  the  education  of  the  schools  is  mak- 
ing the  country  a  nation  of  atheists.  The 
bourgeois  democracy  is  a  fraud  and  the  coun- 
try has  been  cursed  with  petty,  low-born,  God- 
hating  politicians  who,  not  content  with  secu- 
larizing the  schools,  have  broken  up  the 
religious  orders,  confiscated  their  property, 
dispersed  poor  monks  and  nuns  'who  had 
grown  gray  in  the  service  of  philanthropy, 
education,  and  charity,  persecuted  the  church, 
and  abrogated  a  solemn  compact  with  the 
papacy  that  had  endured  more  than  a  hundred 
years.  Not  stopping  with  this,  the  Radicals 
have  tried  to  drive  Catholics  from  the  army 
and  the  civil  service.  M.  Dimnet 's  indictment 
of  the  Radicals  for  their  anti-clerical  policy  is 
severe,  but  there  is  another  side  to  the  ques- 
tion which  naturally,  because  of  his  clerical 
affiliations,  he  entirely  ignores.  He  makes  no 
reference  to  the  opposition  of  the  church  to 
the  Republic,  and  its  well-known  activities  in 
favor  of  the  monarchy ;  nothing  is  said  of  the 
persecution  of  the  greatest  of  French  scholars 
and  statesmen  who  were  too  liberal  for  the 
church,  of  its  fight  against  Dreyfus,  of  its 
championship  of  MacMahon  in  the  great  crisis 
of  1877,  of  its  sympathy  for  Boulanger,  and 
of  its  opposition  to  science  and  liberal  educa- 
tion. The  Republicans  of  France  believed, 
and  the  evidence  is  not  lacking,  that  the 
schools,  which  until  recently  were  under  the 
control  of  the  church,  were  teaching  the  chil- 
dren to  hate  the  Republic.  For  these  and 


80 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  1 


other  reasons  which  cannot  be  discussed  here, 
the  Republicans  of  France  were  compelled  to 
do  what  they  did,  and  although  there  may 
have  been  unnecessary  harshness  and  severity 
in  their  methods,  the  general  principle  of  their 
legislation  is  what  Americans  have  always 
stood  for. 

France,  according  to  M.  Dimnet,  had 
reached  a  state  bordering  on  degradation  when 
the  Tangier  affair  of  1905  came  like  a  flash  of 
lightning  after  which  the  clouds  lifted.  It 
was  one  of  those  events,  we  are  told,  which 
rapidly  destroys  a  whole  system  of  thought. 
Since  that  time  France  has  entered  upon  an 
era  of  regeneration,  she  has  awakened  from 
her  apathy,  and  is  beginning  to  return  to  her 
own.  A  great  change  has  occurred  in  the 
national  spirit,  in  the  mode  of  thinking,  in  the 
character  of  the  national  literature,  and  even 
in  the  attitude  of  the  Radical  party,  which 
seems  disposed  to  adopt  a  policy  of  greater 
conciliation  toward  the  church. 

In  a  concluding  chapter  written  after  the 
outbreak  of  the  present  war,  the  author  re- 
marks that  while  France  has  been  the  victim 
of  politicians  and  while  the  history  of  the 
Third  Republic  has  been  a  history  of  radical 
blunders,  recent  events  have  shown  that  the 
nation  has  remained  sound  at  the  core.  Ani- 
mated by  a  new  spirit,  conscious  of  her  power, 
France  is  ready  to  meet  her  duty.  What  she 
now  needs  most  is  not  a  conversion  of  mind  or 
soul  but  a  transformation  of  her  institutions. 
With  better  institutions  and  the  kind  of  lead- 
ers she  desires,  the  beginning  of  the  century 
will  soon  appear  as  one  of  the  greatest  turning 
points  in  her  history. 

With  much  of  what  M.  Dimnet  has  to  say  in 
criticism  of  the  French  constitution  and  of  the 
class  of  politicians  that  have  governed  the 
country  since  the  advent  of  the  Third  Re- 
public, well-informed  Americans  will  agree, 
although  there  will  be  a  difference  of  opinion 
concerning  his  reproach  of  the  Republicans 
for  their  anti-clerical  policy.  Most  of  us  will 
feel  that  his  rather  gloomy  picture  of  French 
democracy  and  his  indictment  of  the  Republic 
have  been  overdrawn,  but  we  all  will  share 
with  him  the  pride  which  he  feels  in  the  birth 
of  a  new  France,  and  his  optimism  for  the 
future.  JAMES  W.  GARNER. 


STUDIES  IN  THE  HISTORY  or  ART.* 


Of  the  essays  in  Mr.  Richard  Norton's  luxu- 
rious volume,  "Bernini,  and  Other  Studies  in 
the  History  of  Art,"  some  continue  the  lit- 
erary tradition  of  English  criticism,  others 

*  BERNINI,  AND  OTHER  STUDIES  IN  THE  HISTORY  OF  ART.  By 
Richard  Norton.  With  sixty-nine  plates.  New  York:  The 
Macmillan  Co. 


the  scientific  tradition  of  exact  scholarship. 
To  the  first  group  belong  the  estimate  of 
Bernini,  the  "Art  of  Portraiture,"  the 
"Phidias  and  Michael  Angelo,"  and,  essen- 
tially, the  "Head  of  Athena  from  Gyrene." 
Not  claiming  to  add  to  our  stock  of  knowledge, 
they  seek  to  clarify  it  or  to  modify  our  critical 
judgments. 

The  most  powerful  of  these,  and  the  most 
necessary,  is  the  essay  on  Bernini.  Since 
Ruskin,  and  in  the  English-speaking  world, 
Bernini,  like  all  the  artists  of  the  Baroque,  has 
lain  under  the  condemnation  of  a  prejudice 
at  once  irrelevant  and  unjustified.  An  ethical 
criterion,  itself  not  germane,  has  been  invoked 
against  them,  without  appreciation  of  their 
own  moral  sincerity.  More  serious,  because 
more  philosophically  supported,  is  the  notion 
that  they  represent  a  time  of  purely  artistic 
decay,  inevitably  following  periods  of  growth 
and  maturity.  The  analogy  with  organic  life 
which  this  view  presupposes,  however,  like- 
wise has  failed  of  demonstration,  and  the  his- 
tory of  art,  if  subjected  to  any  metaphor, 
seems  rather  a  succession  of  beats  of  a  pendu- 
lum, or  an  alternating  crescendo  and  diminu- 
endo, at  any  point  of  which  greatness  may 
appear.  Mr.  Norton  finds  Bernini's  greatness 
in  merits  characteristic  of  his  own  time  and 
individuality  —  spiritual  intensity,  artistic 
crescendo,  dramatic  power  —  as  well  as  in  per- 
sonal and  moral  qualities  common  to  the 
titanic  spirits  of  all  ages.  It  is  primarily  with 
Bernini's  work  in  sculpture  that  the  author 
has  concerned  himself,  passing  lightly  over 
equally  distinguished  work  in  architecture, 
yet  in  the  field  of  sculpture  alone  he  makes 
good  his  claim  that  Bernini  is  to  be  ranked  as 
one  of  the  world 's  greatest  masters. 

The  other  essays  of  this  group,  dealing  with 
less  controversial  material,  lead  to  less  striking 
conclusions.  Portraiture,  Mr.  Norton  sug- 
gests, has  two  possible  modes,  and  but  two :  the 
embodiment  of  thought,  as  exemplified  by  the 
Greeks  and  Venetians,  and  the  embodiment  of 
action.  Michael  Angelo,  though  like  Phidias 
in  so  many  respects,  and  like  him  a  supreme 
master,  was  less  fortunate  in  his  background, 
and  his  works  are  in  the  main  monuments  of 
thwarted  purpose.  The  head  of  Athena  from 
Gyrene,  the  work  of  a  local  sculptor,  illus- 
trates how  pervading  were  the  fundamental 
characteristics  of  the  Greek  genius  —  human- 
ism and  directness. 

More  promising  are  those  portions  of  the 
book  which  are  descriptive  or  scientific  in  their 
aim,  the  richly  illustrated  catalogues  of  Ber- 
nini's clay  models  and  his  designs  for  the 
Piazza  of  St.  Peter's,  and  the  two  essays  deal- 
ing with  Giorgione.  The  sketch  book  for  the 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


81 


Piazza,  to  be  sure,  has  been  already  twice  pub- 
lished by  foreign  scholars,  yet  it  might  have 
been  made  to  give  up  further  secrets  relative 
to  the  gradual  development  of  the  project  in 
Bernini's  mind.  The  author's  idea,  however, 
seems  rather  to  have  been  merely  to  adduce 
the  drawings  as  illustrations  of  Bernini's  mys- 
ticism in  conception,  grandiose  power,  and 
care  in  study.  For  a  similar  purpose,  appar- 
ently, the  superb  collection  of  sculptor 's  mod- 
els owned  by  Mrs.  Brandegee  is  illustrated  and 
described  without  any  study  of  their  relations 
to  the  completed  figures  to  which  they  corre- 
spond. 

It  is  the  essays  on  Giorgione  which  most 
repay  the  scholar.  They  summarize  the  at- 
tributions made  by  previous  writers,  and 
attempt  a  new  and  corrected  list  of  his  works, 
based  not  only  on  a  "combination  of  the  best 
points  of  the  work  of  these  very  differently 
endowed  critics,"  but  on  personal  acquaint- 
ance with  the  originals  as  intimate  as  theirs. 
Agreement  or  disagreement  with  his  conclu- 
sions will  depend  mainly  on  one's  principles 
of  historical  criticism.  Mr.  Norton  reacts 
against  what  he  considers  an  excessive  atten- 
tion to  externality  and  detail  in  Morelli's 
methods,  at  the  same  time  protesting  against 
Mr.  Berenson's  occasional  affirmations  of  mys- 
tical faith.  From  a  similar  impressionism,  in- 
deed, Mr.  Norton  is  by  no  means  free.  In- 
stances could  be  multiplied  from  the  book  in 
hand  of  ascriptions  made  or  denied  without 
any  assignment  of  logical  grounds.  Without 
pressing  the  argumentum  ad  hominem,  how- 
ever, we  may  raise  the  question  whether 
another  method  which  Mr.  Norton  'employs  by 
preference  is  superior  to  those  of  his  prede- 
cessors. It  is  based  on  the  assumption  that  an 
artist  postulated  as  great  can  never  repeat 
himself,  or  fall  below  the  standard  established 
for  him.  Such  a  doctrine  of  infallibility,  read- 
ily maintained  in  a  case  like  that  of  Giorgione 
by  casting  doubt  on  the  authenticity  of  every- 
thing inferior,  falls  to  the  ground  in  any  case 
where  a  great  number  of  works  are  authenti- 
cated, as  in  the  case  of  Bernini.  Mr.  Norton 
has  to  deprecate  among  the  known  works  of 
Bernini  failures  exactly  similar  to  those  which 
he  cites  as  impossible  in  Botticelli  and  Gior- 
gione, yet  to  him  Bernini  is  a  master  of  coor- 
dinate rank  and  equal  inspiration.  Although 
his  purgations  of  this  sort  are  of  doubtful 
value,  Mr.  Norton's  suggestions  on  the  posi- 
tive side  must  be  very  seriously  considered. 
He  adds  to  the  list  of  Giorgione 's  works  the 
"Gypsy  Madonna"  in  Vienna,  ascribed  to 
Titian,  the  "Pieta"  of  the  Correr  Museum 
(perhaps  a  copy),  ascribed  to  Bellini,  the 
"David  and  Solomon"  in  the  National  Gal- 


lery, ascribed  to  the  school  of  Giorgione,  and, 
under  reserves,  a  portrait  of  a  youth  in 
Vienna  (copy).  For  the  "Madonna,"  espe- 
cially, he  gives  solid  grounds  for  his  belief,  in 
an  analysis  which  is  a  model  for  such  discus- 
sions. 

The  book  is  written  with  a  positiveness  of 
expression  which  may  alienate  those  to  whom 
its  conclusions  are  unpalatable,  but  it  is  a  posi- 
tiveness to  be  respected  as  the  result  of  in- 
dependent study  and  personal  conviction. 
Dwarfing  the  loose  compilations  on  artistic 
subjects  with  which  we  have  usually  to  con- 
tent ourselves  in  America,  the  book  comes  as  a 
reassuring  testimony  of  faith  that  painstaking 
scholarship  and  concentrated  thought  may 
still  receive  a  hearing. 

SIDNEY  FISKE  KIMBALL. 


YOUNG  OF  THE  "  NIGHT  THOUGHTS."  * 


It  is  strange  that  a  poet  so  popular  and 
influential  in  his  day  as  the  author  of  ' '  Night 
Thoughts"  should  have  had  to  wait  a  hundred 
and  fifty  years  for  an  adequate  biography  in 
his  own  language.  This  has  been  the  fate  of 
Young;  and  therefore  Mr.  Shelley's  substan- 
tial "Life  and  Letters  of  Edward  Young" 
fills  a  real  need.  For  the  first  time  we  have  in 
English  a  full-length  portrait  of  that  "polite 
hermit  and  witty  saint,"  as  Mrs.  Montagu 
called  him.  But  there  already  existed  in 
French  an  accurate  and  exhaustive  study  of 
Young's  life  and  works,  by  W.  Thomas,  pub- 
lished at  Paris  in  1901.  Incredible  as  it  may 
seem,  Mr.  Shelley  appears  never  to  have  heard 
of  this  admirable  biography.  If  he  had  been 
able  to  consult  it,  he  would  have  avoided  a 
number  of  minor  errors  and  some  really 
serious  ones,  and  could  have  filled  certain  gaps 
in  his  narrative.  Thus  he  tells  us  (p.  2)  that 
"one  other  child  was  born  of  the  marriage" 
of  Young's  parents;  Thomas  shows  from  the 
parish  records  of  Upham  that  Young  had 
three  sisters,  two  of  whom,  to  be  sure,  died  in 
childhood.  Mr.  Shelley,  repeating  earlier 
writers,  says  that  Lady  Young  died  in  Janu- 
ary, 1741;  Thomas  cites  an  entry  from  the 
Welwyn  parish  register  showing  that  she  died 
January  29,  1739  or  1740.  The  mistake  is 
serious,  because  upon  the  date  of  Lady 
Young's  death  depends  the  interpretation  of 
a  famous  passage  in  the  "Night  Thoughts," 
involving  the  identification  of  the  central 
characters,  and,  to  some  extent,  the  whole 
question  of  the  sincerity  of  the  poem.  The 
matter  is  too  complex  to  be  discussed  here; 
but  it  may  be  said  that  Mr.  Shelley's  wrong 

*  LIFE  AND  LETTERS  OF  EDWARD  YOUNG.  By  Henry  C.  Shel- 
ley. Boston:  Little,  Brown  &  Co. 


82 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  1 


date  leads  him  to  suppose  that  Young  left  his 
wife  in  her  last  illness  to  pay  a  visit  to  the 
Duchess  of  Portland,  and  that  he  listened  to 
the  Duchess's  suggestion  of  a  second  mar- 
riage at  a  date  indecently  near  that  of  his 
wife's  death.  Mr.  Shelley's  friendliness  to 
the  poet  causes  him  to  gloss  over  these  sup- 
posed delinquencies;  but  an  examination  of 
the  Welwyn  records  would  have  shown  him 
that  Young  needed  no  excuses. 

The  great  value  of  Mr.  Shelley's  biography 
of  Young  is  in  the  abundance  of  new  mate- 
rial which  it  presents,  consisting  chiefly  of 
a  series  of  letters  from  the  poet  to  Margaret, 
Duchess  of  Portland.  This  correspondence 
covers  the  last  twenty-five  years  of  Young's 
life;  it  began  in  1740,  when  the  poet  was 
fifty-seven  and  the  Duchess  twenty-five,  and 
ended  only  a  few  weeks  before  his  death  in 
1765.  The  letters  show  Young  at  his  best,  as 
a  man  of  the  world,  courtly,  witty,  and  sensi- 
ble; deeply  religious,  and  grave  on  occasion, 
but  more  often  gay.  Incidentally  they  give 
us  a  high  opinion  of  the  charm  and  goodness 
of  the  lady  who  inspired  them.  Her  letters 
to  Young  are  unfortunately  lost;  by  the 
direction  of  his  will,  all  his  papers  were 
destroyed.  It  is  thus  partly  his  own  fault 
that  he  has  waited  so  long  for  a  biographer, 
and  has  been  generally  thought  of  as  the  mel- 
ancholy type  of  a  "grave-yard  poet."  Mr. 
Shelley  has  very  properly  emphasized  the 
other  side  of  Young's  temperament.  We  see 
the  poet  entertaining  friends  at  his  home, 
amusing  the  Duchess  with  lively  stories,  or 
rallying  her  on  her  failure  to  appreciate  his 
friend  Richardson's  "Clarissa";  "your  great- 
grandchildren," he  tells  her,  "will  read,  and 
not  without  tears,  the  sheets  that  are  now  in 
the  press."  We  see  him  at  the  age  of  sixty- 
two  making  friends  with  that  aged  butterfly, 
Colley  Gibber,  and  delighting  in  his  company. 
Reproached  for  this  intimacy,  he  defends 
himself:  "As  for  poor  Colley,  his  impu- 
dence diverts  me,  and  his  morals  shall  not 
hurt  me,  though,  by  the  way,  he  is  more  fool 
than  knave,  and  like  other  fools  is  a  wit." 
In  another  letter  he  complains  humorously  of 
the  insincerity  of  one  of  his  fair  admirers: 
"Lady  Andover  does  me  honor  in  remember- 
ing that  I  exist.  Yet  'tis  all  compliment; 
there  is  no  sincerity,  or  she  had  not  disap- 
pointed my  assignation  with  her.  Why  go  to 
town!  Dishonorable  creature!  She  is  gone 
only  with  her  husband!"  Another  letter  of 
half- jocose  moralizing  ends  as  follows :  ' '  Your 
Grace  will  wonder  what  all  this  means,  and 
what  gives  occasion  to  such  random  stuff. 
Why,  Madam,  I  am  now  in  a  coffee-house 
waiting  for  a  rascally  attorney,  who,  having 


robbed  me  already  of  all  my  money,  would 
now  rob  me  of  my  time;  and  rather  than  do 
nothing,  which  is  very  tedious,  I  was  deter- 
mined to  write  nothing  to  your  Grace."    This 
is  the  Young  of  the  satires,  who  could  hit  off 
so  aptly  the  hypocritical  church-goers : 
"  And  when  their  sins  they  set  sincerely  down, 
They'll  find  that  their  religion  has  been  one," 

or  the  ignorant  librarians : 

"  Unlearned  men  of  books  assume  the  care, 
As  eunuchs  are  the  guardians  of  the  fair." 

But  Mr.  Shelley  does  justice  also  to  the 
serious  Young,  the  Young  of  the  '''Night 
Thoughts,"  who  placed  in  his  garden  a 
"painted  bench,  a  mere  optical  deceit."  and 
inscribed  on  it  the  motto,  "Invisibilia  non 
decipiunt, ' ' 

As  a  portrait  of  the  man  Mr.  Shelley's  book 
is  in  many  respects  excellent.  Apart  from  his 
inaccuracies  as  to  fact  his  chief  weakness  is  on 
the  critical  side.  His  estimate  of  Young's 
work  is  not  always  discriminating;  for  in- 
stance, he  rates  the  turgid  tragedies  much  too 
high.  Little  or  nothing  is  said  of  literary 
influences  on  Young,  and  almost  nothing  of 
Young's  own  great  influence.  His  popularity 
on  the  Continent,  for  example,  signalized  by 
translations  into  a  dozen  languages,  is  an  ex- 
tremely interesting  matter  to  which  Mr. 
Shelley  scarcely  alludes.  These  are  grave 
omissions;  and  here  again  the  French  study 
would  have  furnished  invaluable  aid.  When 
all  deductions  are  made,  however,  we  must 
remain  grateful  to  Mr.  Shelley  for  his  sym- 
pathetic and  attractive  portrait  of  a  poet 
nowadays  neglected,  and  above  all  for  the 
delightful  series  of  letters  which  he  has  made 
available.  HOMER  E.  WOODBRIDGE. 


INTERPRETERS  OF  Mrsi< -.* 


That  inspiring  novel,  "Jean  Christophe," 
has  given  M.  Romain  Rolland  an  international, 
and,  from  present  appearances,  an  enduring 
fame.  He  holds  the  chair  of  musical  criticism 
in  the  Sorbonne  and  shares  with  his  colleague, 
M.  Combarieu,  the  foremost  position  in  the 
ranks  of  writers  on  music  in  France.  The 
present  volume,  which  is  admirably  trans- 
lated by  Miss  Mary  Blaiklock,  is  the  initial 
publication  of  a  series  to  be  called  "The  Musi- 
cian's Bookshelf."  M.  Claude  Landi,  who 
furnishes  an  Introduction,  gives  some  inter- 
esting biographical  details  of  M.  Rolland,  who 
won,  at  the  age  of  twenty-nine,  the  grand 
prix  of  the  French  Academy  for  a  work  on 
"The  History  of  Opera  in  Europe  before  Lulli 

*  MUSICIANS  OF  TO-DAY.  By  Romain  Rolland.  Translated 
by  Mary  Blaiklock.  New  York  :  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

NATURE  IN  Music.  By  Lawrence  Oilman.  New  York : 
John  Lane  Co. 


1915 


83 


and  Scarlatti,"  and  who  has  since  gone  on 
accumulating  laurels  until  his  place  among  the 
leading  men  in  musical  interpretation  and 
literature  is  almost  equivalent  to  a  final  and 
positive  verdict  of  posterity. 

We  have  here  a  number  of  essays,  some  of 
which  have  seen  the  light  before,  dealing  with 
the  deeper  aspects  of  music  in  Germany  and 
France.  One  paper,  however,  is  devoted  to  the 
Italian  composer  of  oratorios,  Don  Lorenzo 
Perosi.  The  author  attempts  to  some  extent  a 
comparison  of  recent  German  and  French 
composers,  and  makes  no  very  profound  secret 
of  his  predilection  for  the  men  of  his  own  land 
and  time.  This  statement  is  not  meant  to  be 
disparaging,  but  to  indicate  the  point  of  view 
from  which  the  work  is  written.  Our  author 
also  seems  to  be  an  eloquent  advocate  of  music 
with  a  programme  as  the  highest  form  of 
music,  a  position  which  makes  him  something 
of  a  reactionary.  This  view  may  be  a  recoil 
from  the  extreme  views  of  Wagner  and 
Strauss,  and  is  perhaps  shared  by  many  musi- 
cians of  to-day;  but  it  is  always  difficult  to 
take  the  step  backward,  and  history,  after  all, 
never  repeats  itself. 

The  French  composers  of  whom  M.  Holland 
speaks  are  Berlioz,  Saint-Saens,  d'Indy,  and 
Debussy ;  the  German  composers  are  Wagner, 
Strauss,  and  Hugo  Wolf.  He  has  a  separate 
essay  in  which  he  compares  German  and 
French  music;  and  there  is  an  elaborate 
account  of  the  musical  movement  in  Paris 
since  1870,  which  he  calls  ' '  The  Awakening, ' ' 
a  title  which  leads  to  some  consideration  on 
the  reader's  part.  The  date  1870  has  its  con- 
notations, and  one  may  ask  oneself  what  may 
become  of  French  and  German  music  after  the 
sinister  years  of  1914  and  1915. 

The  essay  on  Berlioz  is  especially  note- 
worthy. M.  Holland  is  frank  in  revealing 
Berlioz's  weakness  of  character,  and  in  our 
opinion  gives  altogether  too  much  attention  to 
that  side  of  the  case.  The  close  connection 
between  character  and  achievement  is  indis- 
putable, but  art  has  mostly  to  do  with  the  lat- 
ter, and  in  the  lapse  of  the  years  the  misdoings 
of  exceptional  intelligences  are  lost  in  the 
record  of  service  to  the  advancing  destinies  of 
the  race.  His  view  of  Berlioz,  and  indeed  his 
view  of  music  as  a  whole,  may  be  gathered 
from  the  following  paragraphs : 

"  Before  Berlioz's  time  there  was  really  only  one 
master  of  the  first  rank  who  made  a  great  effort  to 
liberate  French  music;  it  was  Rameau;  and  de- 
spite his  genius,  he  was  conquered  by  Italian  art. 
By  force  of  circumstances,  therefore,  French  music 
found  itself  moulded  in  foreign  musical  forms  — 
as  most  men  speak  more  than  they  think,  even 
thought  itself  became  Germanized,  and  it  was  diffi- 


cult to  discover,  through  this  traditional  insin- 
cerity, the  true  and  spontaneous  form  of  French 
musical  thought.  But  Berlioz  found  it  by  instinct. 
From  the  first  he  strove  to  free  French  music  from 
the  oppression  of  the  foreign  tradition  that  was 
smothering  it." 

"  Berlioz  is  thus  the  true  inheritor  of  Beetho- 
ven's thought.  The  difference  between  a  work 
like  the  'Romeo  and  Juliette '  symphony  of  Berlioz 
and  one  of  Beethoven's  symphonies  is  that  the 
former,  it  would  seem,  endeavors  to  express  objec- 
tive emotions  and  themes  in  music.  I  do  not  see 
why  music  should  not  follow  poetry  in  getting 
away  from  introspection  and  try  to  paint  the 
drama  of  the  universe.  Shakespeare  is  as  good  as 
Dante.  Besides,  one  may  add,  it  is  always  Berlioz 
that  may  be  discovered  in  his  music ;  it  is  his  soul, 
starving  for  love  and  mocked  at  by  shadows,  which 
is  revealed  through  all  the  scenes  of  Romeo." 

The  above  quotations  indicate  the  trend  of 
M.  Holland's  thought,  and  the  method  of  his 
procedure.  When  he  comes  to  treat  of  Ger- 
man music,  it  must  be  said  at  once  that  he  is 
eminently  just,  and  generous  in  his  admira- 
tion. We  may  point  to  the  essay  on  Hugo 
Wolf,  in  which  genuine  appreciation  of  the 
musician  vies  with  sympathy  for  the  un- 
toward fate  which  overwhelmed  the  great  tal- 
ent at  so  many  places  and  times  in  its  career. 
In  the  comparison  between  French  and  Ger- 
man music,  it  must  be  conceded  that  his  bias 
in  favor  of  the  music  of  his  own  country  shows 
itself  fully  and  clearly.  Art,  however,  de- 
mands allegiance  for  its  own  sake,  and  it  is 
certainly  time  that  we  should  outgrow  na- 
tional prejudices  in  matters  of  universal 
concern.  Nobody  talks  about  French  mathe- 
matics ;  why  make  so  much  of  French  hiusic, 
or  German  music,  or  Italian  music?  The 
realm  of  art  is  above  national  limitations,  it  is 
its  own  creator,  its  own  arbiter,  its  own 
appreciator.  In  it  we  become  conscious  of 
universal  humanity,  and  nations  are  like  shad- 
ows of  the  night  disappearing  in  the  splendor 
of  the  daytime.  In  the  essays  on  Strauss  and 
Wagner  we  see  reflected  M.  Holland's  pre- 
disposition for  the  symphony  with  the  pro- 
gramme; he  finds  it  somewhat  objectionable  in 
Strauss  when  in  the  "Sinfonia  Domestica"  he 
omits  the  programme  altogether,  and  he  evi- 
dently prefers  Wagner  in  the  concert  room  to 
Wagner  in  the  theatre.  He  says : 

"  There  are  dilettanti  who  pretend  that  at  a  con- 
cert the  best  way  to  enjoy  Beethoven's  last  works — 
where  the  sonority  is  defective  —  is  to  stop  the 
ears  and  read  the  score.  One  might  say  with  less 
of  a  paradox  that  the  best  way  to  follow  a  per- 
formance of  Wagner's  operas  is  to  listen  with  the 
eyes  shut,  so  perfect  is  the  music,  so  powerful  is  its 
hold  on  the  imagination  that  it  leaves  nothing  to  be 
desired ;  what  it  suggests  to  the  mind  is  infinitely 
finer  than  what  the  eyes  may  see.  I  have  never 


84 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  1 


shared  the  opinion  that  Wagner's  works  may  be 
best  appreciated  in  the  Theatre.  His  works  are 
epic  symphonies.  As  a  frame  for  them  I  should 
like  temples;  as  scenery,  the  illimitable  land  of 
thought;  as  actors,  our  dreams." 

We  have  no  space  to  tell  of  the  appreciation 
of  d  'Indy,  which  is  intense,  or  of  the  idealiza- 
tion of  Debussy,  who  represents  to  M.  Holland 
in  their  highest  form  some  of  the  salient  char- 
acteristics of  the  French,  or  of  the  sincere 
rhapsody  on  the  theme  of  Saint-Saens.  There 
is  not  a  page  of  the  book  without  arresting 
thought  or  insight;  there  is  the  enthusiasm  of 
the  genuine  lover  of  his  art;  there  is  no  un- 
reasoning admiration,  but  the  analytical  ten- 
dency of  the  modern  critic.  Coming  from 
such  a  source,  the  book  is,  of  course,  authorita- 
tive, and  to  those  who  love  music  it  will  prove 
an  opportunity  to  gain  not  only  pleasure  but 
an  outlook  fine  and  high. 

Mr.  Lawrence  Oilman's  book,  "Nature  in 
Music,"  follows  in  the  main  the  same  direc- 
tion as  M.  Holland's.  The  first  essay  gives  the 
title  to  the  volume.  It  is  a  history  of  the 
growth  of  nature  expression  in  music.  Mr. 
Gilman  says : 

"  The  strongest  appeal  of  natural  beauty  has 
always,  then,  been  chiefly  to  people  of  emotional 
habit,  and  especially  to  those  of  untrammeled 
imagination  and  non-conformist  tendencies;  in 
other  words,  to  poetically  minded  radicals,  in  all 
times  and  regions.  It  is  probable  that  the  curious 
and  enlightened  enquirer,  bearing  in  mind  these 
facts,  would  not  be  surprised  to  find,  in  studying 
the  various  expressions  of  this  attraction,  as  they 
are  recorded  in  the  arts,  that  the  uniquely  sensi- 
tive and  eloquent  art  of  music  has  long  been  the 
handmaid  of  the  Nature  lover;  and  he  would  be 
prepared  to  find  the  Nature  lover  himself  appear- 
ing often  in  the  guise  of  that  inherently  emotional 
and  often  heterodox  being,  the  music  maker." 

The  transcriptions  of  nature  in  music  date 
back  to  very  early  periods.  The  earlier  at- 
tempts at  nature  description,  however,  were 
merely  imitative  or  sentimental ;  that  is,  they 
were  subjective ;  the  painting  of  nature  objec- 
tively belongs  to  recent  times;  the  further 
advance  to  the  use  of  nature  expression  as  a 
symbol  of  spirit  or  intelligence,  belongs  to  the 
latest  composers,  Debussy,  MacDowell,  Loeffler. 
An  example  of  the  earlier  nature  music  is 
Mendelssohn's  "Hebrides"  overture,  which 
gives  us  the  emotions  of  the  composer  in  view- 
ing natural  scenery.  An  example  of  the  later 
nature  music  is  Debussy's  "La  Mer." 

The  essay,  while  here  and  there  amenable 
to  the  charge  of  being  overburdened  with  lan- 
guage, gives,  nevertheless,  a  really  satisfac- 
tory view  of  the  contention  of  music  in  the 
matter  of  nature  transcription,  and  contains 
a  strong  defence  of  programme  music,  which  is 


repeated  in  more  than  one  other  place  in  the 
book,  showing  how  near  the  subject  is  to  the 
author's  heart,  and  how  important  he  con- 
siders it. 

Mr.  Gilman  is  evidently  a  mystic  of  the 
highest  type.  He  has  been  a  student  of  the 
oriental  literatures,  and  he  bathes  his  subject 
everywhere  in  the  light  which  never  was  on 
land  or  sea.  This  gives  a  unique  quality  to 
his  writing,  and  leads  him  everywhere  to  posi- 
tive conclusions.  In  an  age  of  prevalent 
negation  and  materialistic  nihilism,  this  is  a 
fine  faith  and  assurance.  So  in  his  essay  on 
"Death  and  the  Musicians"  he  makes;  his 
climax  with  Schubert's  "Death  and  the 
Maiden,"  Wagner's  "Isoldens  Liebestod" 
and  Strauss 's  "Tod  und  Verklarung,"  in  all 
of  which  there  is  imaged  a  region  wonderful, 
over  which  destroying  time  has  no  control. 

With  the  defence  of  Herr  Hugo  von  Hoff- 
mannsthal  as  given  in  the  essay  on  "Strauss 
and  the  Greeks,"  apropos  of  the  modernized 
' '  Electra, ' '  we  are  less  inclined  to  be  satisfied. 
There  is  certainly  no  objection  to  poet  or 
musician  making  such  use  of  the  myth  as  he 
sees  fit,  filling  it  with  a  modern  significance 
and  giving  it  splendors  which  it  never  had 
before.  The  utterance,  musical  or  otherwise, 
belongs  to  him  who  does  it  best.  But  for  the 
introduction  of  unnecessary  disagreeable  de- 
tails, and  the  lowering  of  tone  in  a  drama 
there  seems  no  adequate  excuse.  The  music 
of  Strauss,  however,  to  the  "Electra,"  is  in 
the  heaven  of  all  its  desires,  "it  is  full  of  his 
typical  qualities  —  he  never  halts  or  fumbles ; 
he  has  a  superb  assurance.  His  mastery  of 
his  imaginative  material  and  of  his  technic  is 
absolute. ' ' 

Mr.  Gilman  has  a  reasonable  word  to  say  in 
regard  to  opera  in  English.  He  comes  in  gen- 
eral to  the  conclusion  that  an  opera  should  be 
sung  in  the  language  which  its  composer  gave 
to  it.  He  considers  this  country  lucky  over 
European  nations  in  that  it  can  always  hear 
an  operatic  work  in  the  language  in  which  it 
was  produced.  He  instances  the  unhappy 
translations  with  which  we  are  all  familiar, 
in  which  the  music  does  not  fit  the  words ;  he 
thinks  that  it  is  hopeless  to  expect  that  a  talent 
spanning  both  music  and  words  so  completely 
as  to  be  able  to  make  a  suitable  translation 
could  be  induced  to  devote  itself  to  so  thank- 
less a  task  as  the  pouring  of  the  liquor  of 
thought  from  one  vessel  to  another.  It  would 
be  irresistibly  led  to  creation,  either  in  the 
drama  or  the  opera.  Therefore  it  behooves 
the  English-speaking  public  to  encourage  the 
bringing  forth  of  English  operas  which  will 
have  the  importance  of  Wagner  and  Strauss 
and  Debussy  in  their  respective  mediums. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


85 


We  cannot  close  this  notice  without  refer- 
ence to  the  essay  called  a  "Musical  Cosmopo- 
lite," which  deals  with  the  German- American 
composer,  Mr.  Charles  Martin  Loeffler,  who, 
although  born  in  Alsace,  has  done  all  his  work 
in  our  own  country,  and  takes  place  as  an 
American  composer,  for  which  let  us  be  duly 
thankful,  as  we  have  need  of  many  recruits  in 
the  department  of  music.  Mr.  Loeffler  has  now 
found  his  place  on  programmes  everywhere, 
and  in  the  opinion  of  our  author,  is  one  of  the 
greatest  masters  living  to-day,  with  a  message, 
sombre,  perhaps,  but  high  and  noble,  and  with 
great  control  of  musical  resources. 

The  book  has  some  of  the  qualities  of  the 
music  of  which  it  treats;  it  has  its  enthusi- 
asms and  its  repugnances ;  it  is  full  of  knowl- 
edge, both  of  music  and  literature ;  it  gives  to 
music  its  place  among  the  great  and  serious 
arts ;  it  recognizes  that  music,  like  every  art, 
is  expressive  of  the  World  Ideal ;  and  it  must 
add  to  the  genuine  understanding  of  music 
wherever  it  is  thoughtfully  read. 

Louis  JAMES  BLOCK. 


NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS. 


Until  the  outbreak  of  war  the  nearer  capitals  of 
continental  Europe  held  important  colonies  of 
American  students,  many  of  them  youthfully  eager 
and  impecunious.  Remoteness  and  growing  differ- 
ences in  standards  between  these  temporary  exiles 
and  their  fiction-reading  compatriots  at  home  sug- 
gest possible  reasons  why  American  writers  have 
not  utilized  material  so  seemingly  fitted  for  their 
purposes  to  any  notable  extent.  It  is,  perhaps,  as 
well,  since  it  has  remained  for  Mrs.  Mary  Roberts 
Rinehart  to  open  the  way  with  a  book  of  unusual 
interest,  "  The  Street  of  Seven  Stars "  (Hough- 
ton).  The  leading  characters  are  an  American 
girl,  studying  the  art  of  the  violin  in  Vienna,  and  a 
physician,  her  fellow-countryman,  seeking  wider 
knowledge.  They  are  given  the  attributes  we  like 
to  think  of  as  American,  satisfying  admirably  our 
idealists,  though  all  suspicion  of  exaggeration  is 
removed  by  the  use  of  an  eminently  undesirable 
person  or  two  and  the  sympathetic  treatment  of  the 
Viennese  introduced.  A  wide  range  of  emotions  is 
successfully  depicted  and  the  love  story  is  tender 
-and  true,  and  hopelessly  impractical,  as  ideal  love 
stories  may  well  be. 

A  refreshing  novel,  "  Sons  of  the  Rhine  "  (Des- 
mond FitzGerald),  has  been  translated  by  Miss 
Louise  T.  Lazell  from  the  German  of  Herr  Rudolf 
Herzog's  "  Die  Wiskottens."  The  scene  is  laid  in 
the  province  of  the  Rhine  where  the  valley  of  the 
river  Wupper  is  given  over  to  manufacturing,  and 
the  title  of  the  work  in  the  original  is  the  family 
name  of  the  manufacturers,  a  father,  mother,  and 
six  sons,  with  whose  fortunes  the  pages  are  con- 
cerned. The  elder  sons  inherit  the  business  abilities 
-of  their  parents,  the  founders  of  a  growing  ribbon 
factory,  while  the  two  younger  are  of  poetic  and 


artistic  bent,  and  one  intermediate  is  a  scientist. 
The  most  aggressive  of  the  number  is  wedded  to  a 
wife  of  tendencies  which  Americans  will  recognize 
as  Puritan  in  the  less  worthy  sense  of  the  word, 
and  her  coldness  leads  to  an  estrangement  which 
ends  with  her  complete  surrender  to  the  facts  of 
life  as  her  husband  lives  it.  The  youngest  boy 
makes  an  earlier  failure  as  a  painter  after  running 
away  from  home  to  study,  but  his  designs  for  new 
ribbons  go  far  toward  saving  the  business  from 
the  effect  of  a  relentless  competition.  It  is  one  of 
those  artificially  artless  stories  in  which  everything 
that  has  been  wrong  turns  right  at  the  best  possible 
moment,  and  is  likely  to  appeal  to  a  large  follow- 
ing. The  character  studies  are  well  done  and  the 
translation  excellent,  except  for  the  numerous 
scriptural  quotations,  where  Miss  Lazell  might 
have  used  the  English  authorized  version  to  advan- 
tage. The  book  is  free  from  militarism;  indeed, 
from  Germanism,  with  the  exception  of  an  extraor- 
dinary line  from  Von  Moltke,  "  In  its  own  strength, 
in  that  alone,  lies  the  strength  of  a  nation."  The 
italics  are  the  author's,  and  the  sentiment  fairly 
astounding. 

"  Yourself  and  the  Neighbours  "  (Devin-Adair) 
is  made  up  of  a  series  of  brief  descriptions  of  life 
in  Ireland  among  the  peasantry,  chiefly  among 
their  small  sons  and  daughters,  written  by  Mr. 
Seumas  MacManus  and  illustrated  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Fogarty.  As  in  others  of  Mr.  MaeManus's  books, 
the  knowledge  displayed  has  been  gained  at  first 
hand,  and  is  treated  with  complete  comprehension 
and  sympathy.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the  pic- 
tures, which  lack  nothing  of  the  wit  of  the  text. 
It  is  such  stories  as  these  that  interpret  racial  spirit 
and  bring  to  foreigners  the  assurance  of  a  common 
humanity  which  is  the  truest  internationalism. 

Excellent  melodrama  makes  up  Mr.  J.  C. 
Snaith's  "Anne  Feversham"  (Appleton),  a  story 
of  Elizabeth's  time  in  which  the  author  has  had  the 
daring  to  introduce  Shakespeare  and  his  theatrical 
associates  as  subordinate  though  important  char- 
acters. A  beautiful  youth  is  condemned  to  death 
most  unjustly.  A  lovely  girl  has  just  been  soundly 
whipped  by  her  irate  father  for  disobedience  and 
cast  into  a  dungeon  where  she  is  neighbor  to  the 
beautiful  youth.  They  effect  their  escape  and  have 
the  most  astonishing  adventures,  eventually  falling 
in  with  the  Lord  Chamberlain's  Players  at  Oxford, 
she  disguised  as  a  boy  and  both  as  gypsies.  The 
part  of  Rosalind,  which  she  had  originally  inspired, 
is  created  by  her  before  the  Queen,  and  a  happy 
ending,  virtue  rewarded  and  vice  rebuked,  crowns 
the  story. 

"The  Place  beyond  the  Winds"  (Doubleday) 
is  Mrs.  Harriet  T.  Comstock's  newest  adventure  in 
fiction.  Its  scene  is  laid  near  the  Canadian  border 
and  its  characters  are  tough  pioneers  and  woods- 
men and  their  gentler  teachers  and  offspring.  The 
girl  leaves  a  most  unhappy  home  with  her  name 
under  a  cloud,  and  becomes  a  trained  nurse  in  New 
York.  Once  there,  the  interest  becomes  largely 
medical  and  the  most  difficult  of  all  problems  con- 
fronting the  practising  physician  she  solves  by  cut- 
ting the  knot.  This  divided  interest  does  not  add 
to  the  artistic  value  of  the  work,  but  it  will  surely 
serve  the  cause  in  which  M.  Brieux  conceived  and 


86 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  1 


wrote  more  than  one  of  his  plays.  The  characters 
of  the  book  are  strongly  differentiated,  and  the 
narrative  diversified  enough  to  appeal  to  many 
tastes.  Practically  impossible  as  it  is  for  the  author 
to  be  more  explicit  in  stating  the  terms  of  her 
problem,  it  strikingly  lacks  definition. 

Irony  and  hyperbole  combine  with  a  very  pretty 
wit  to  make  Mr.  Stephen  Leacock's  "Arcadian 
Adventures  of  the  Idle  Rich"  (Lane)  that  rare 
bird  in  contemporary  English  literature,  a  success- 
ful satire.  The  treatment  of  our  plutocrats  is 
episodic,  though  many  of  the  characters  appear  in 
several  of  the  tales.  Nearly  all  of  these  are  of  pre- 
posterous wealth,  which  the  men  are  striving  to 
increase,  only  such  persons  of  average  possessions 
being  admitted  to  the  pages  as  tend  to  enhance  the 
evidences  of  conspicuous  waste.  The  reader  will 
probably  find  the  note  rather  shrill  for  continuous 
reading,  much  as  the  work  deserves  to  be  read. 
The  merger  of  two  fashionable  churches,  one  Angli- 
can and  the  other  Presbyterian,  along  the  lines  of 
the  most  approved  methods  of  high  finance  is  one 
of  the  best  bits  of  witty  sarcasm  in  recent  print. 

The  heroine  of  Mr.  Dion  Clayton  Calthrop's 
"Clay  and  Rainbows"  (Stokes)  is  about  as  disa- 
greeable a  piece  of  feminine  flesh  as  has  appeared 
in  recent  fiction,  quite  degenerate,  even  to  the  point 
of  suggesting  that  she  would  certainly  be  held  a 
moron  in  any  morals  court.  Incapable  of  con- 
stancy, she  contrives  to  keep  one  fairly  good  man 
and  several  others  who  are  not  so  good  in  a  state  of 
more  or  less  complete  unhappiness  from  one  cover 
of  the  book  to  the  other.  Before  the  tale  is  com- 
pleted, not  one  of  the  characters  has  retained  the 
reader's  sympathy,  being  thoroughly  committed  as 
lacking  in  elementary  morality,  good  taste,  or  com- 


mon sense. 


BRIEFS  oisr  NEW  BOOKS. 


It  is  a  curious  and  regrettable 

o!ls^te.artment  fact  that  the  great  executive  de- 
partments of  our  Federal  Gov- 
ernment have  not  received  from  students  and 
writers  a  measure  of  attention  commensurate 
with  their  interest  and  importance,  or  in  fair 
proportion  to  the  amount  of  study  which  has 
been  devoted  to  the  presidency,  the  houses  of 
Congress,  or  even  the  courts.  Until  very 
recently  there  was  not  one  book  in  which  the 
organization  and  working  of  any  one  of  the 
departments  was  described  adequately,  for 
either  the  expert  or  the  general  reader.  There 
is,  of  course,  Ingersoll's  "History  of  the  War 
Department,"  Gushing 's  "Story  of  Our  Post 
Office,"  Swank's  "Department  of  Agricul- 
ture," and  Easby-Smith's  "Department  of 
Justice."  not  to  enumerate  a  considerable  list 
of  histories  of  the  navy.  But  all  of  these 
works  (except  that  of  Mr.  Easby-Smith,  pub- 
lished in  1904)  are  antiquated,  or  are  mere 
popular  sketches,  or  are  histories  rather  than 
descriptive  treatises.  And  the  several  excel- 


lent monographs  which  have  been  written 
upon  various  individual  bureaus  or  adminis- 
trative services  make  no  pretense  of  covering 
the  field.  To  the  student  of  political  science, 
therefore  (and  doubtless  to  many  people  who 
lay  no  claim  to  such  designation) ,  Mr.  Gaillard 
Hunt's  "The  Department  of  State"  (Yale 
University  Press)  is  highly  gratifying,  first  be- 
cause in  its  plan  and  execution  it  so  closely  ap- 
proximates the  ideal  piece  of  work  of  its  kind, 
and  secondly  because  the  preparation  of  it  has 
fallen  to  a  writer  of  such  exceptional  qualifi- 
cations. For  many  years-  Mr.  Hunt  occupied 
the  post  of  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Citizenship 
in  the  State  Department,  and  his  knowledge 
of  the  Department  is  the  product  not  only  of 
prolonged  and  painstaking  historical  investi- 
gation but  of  personal  observation  and  of  act- 
ive participation  in  the  Department's  activi- 
ties. His  book  is  technical  rather  than  popular 
in  character,  and  it  is  at  the  same  time  histori- 
cal and  descriptive.  It  is  not  a  history  of 
diplomacy,  or  a  series  of  biographical  sketches 
of  the  secretaries  of  state.  It  abounds,  fur- 
thermore, in  lengthy  citations  from  laws,  cir- 
culars, and  regulations.  But,  as  the  author 
rightly  says,  these  documentary  passages  tell 
the  story  more  accurately  than  a  paraphrase 
could  do,  and  unquestionably  their  use  will 
contribute  to  a  realization  of  the  expressed 
desire  to  make  the  book,  so  far  as  it  goes,  defini- 
tive. The  first  three  chapters  recount  suc- 
cinctly the  history  of  the  varying  arrange- 
ments made  for  the  conduct  of  foreign  affairs 
by  the  Continental  Congress  and  by  the  Con- 
gress of  the  Confederation,  supplementing  ad- 
mirably the  chapters  of  Mr.  Learned  in  his 
"President's  Cabinet"  dealing  with  the  gen- 
eral administrative  aspects  of  the  period,  and 
leaving  apparently  little  or  nothing  further 
to  be  said.  Two  chapters  are  devoted  to  the 
creation  and  organization  of  the  State  Depart- 
ment in  1789,  two  others  to  the  functions  once 
exercised  by  the  Department  but  now  with- 
drawn, together  with  those  which  are  still 
exercised  only  on  occasion,  and  two  more  to 
the  Department's  past  and  present  internal 
organization.  Seven  chapters  serve  for  an 
analytical  discussion  of  the  Department's 
present  functions.  And  the  volume  closes 
with  an  interesting  account  of  the  buildings 
and  rooms  utilized  for  the  work  of  the  Depart- 
ment throughout  the  past  century  and  a  quar- 
ter. With  respect  to  the  allotment  of  space 
one  criticism  only  may  be  suggested.  The 
diplomatic  and  consular  services  are  covered 
together  in  a  single  chapter  of  but  twenty 
pages.  More  space  might  well  have  been  given 
them,  even  at  the  sacrifice  of  some  details  pre- 
sented upon  other  and  less  important  subjects. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


87 


A  British 
admiral's 
retrospect. 


Caustic  comment  from  Admiral 
Lord  Charles  Beresford  on  naval 
and  other  matters  of  current 
interest  has  obtained  some  publicity  of  late, 
and  shows  him  to  be  as  incisive  in  speech  as 
he  has  proved  himself  unhesitating  and  vigor- 
ous in  action  during  his  long  and  distinguished 
service  afloat  and  ashore,  in  the  navy  and  in 
parliament,  and  in  whatever  rank  or  capacity 
it  has  been  his  lot  to  serve  his  country.  In ' '  The 
Memoirs  of  Admiral  Lord  Charles  Beresford" 
(Little,  Brown  &  Co.)  he  does  not  fail  to 
reveal  a  mastery  of  his  native  tongue  such  as 
few  sailors  can  claim.  Very  early  in  his  sea- 
faring life,  which  began  when  he  was  but  thir- 
teen years  old,  he  demonstrated  the  sufficiency 
of  his  vocabulary  in  an  amusing  manner.  He 
was  asked  to  be  coxswain  of  a  racing  crew 
belonging  to  the  "Marlborough,"  the  first  ship 
of  war  to  which  he  was  assigned  as  naval 
cadet,  and  the  invitation  was  extended  in 
these  words  by  the  spokesman  of  the  deputa- 
tion entrusted  with  the  business :  ' '  Well,  sir, 
it's  like  this  here,  sir,  if  you'll  pardon  me. 
Yew  be  young-like,  and  what  we  was  thinking 
was  whether  you  have  the  power  of  language 
that  du  be  required. "  "I  said  I  would  do  my 
best,"  relates  the  one  thus  honored.  "I  did. 
I  astonished  myself."  In  his  enthusiasm  for 
his  calling,  he  rises  almost  to  the  realm  of 
poetry  in  an  early  chapter,  which  opens  thus : 
"I  wish  I  could  convey  to  my  readers  some- 
thing of  the  pride  and  delight  which  a  sailor 
feels  in  his  ship.  But  who  that  has  never  had 
the  luck  to  be  a  deep-water  sailor,  can  under- 
stand his  joy  in  the  noble  vessel,  or  the  uplift- 
ing sense  of  his  control  over  her  matchless  and 
splendid  power,  born  of  a  knowledge  of  her 
every  rope  and  sail  and  timber,  and  of  an 
understanding  of  her  behavior  and  ability. 
For  every  ship  has  her  own  spirit,  her  own 
personality."  Admiral  Beresford  comes  of 
illustrious  and  gallant  Irish  stock,  one  mem- 
ber of  which,  Admiral  Sir  John  Poo  Beres- 
ford, achieved  both  unusual  glory  and  uncom- 
mon length  of  years,  dying  in  1884  at  the  ex- 
treme age  of  one  hundred  and  sixteen.  Lord 
Charles  himself,  as  we  learn,  but  not  from  his 
own  narrative,  has  in  the  course  of  his  strenu- 
ous life  broken  his  breast-bone  and  parted 
with  a  piece  of  it,  broken  his  right  leg,  right 
hand,  right  foot,  five  ribs,  one  collar-bone 
three  times,  the  other  once,  his  nose  three 
times,  and  one  of  the  bones  of  the  pelvis ;  but 
though  he  was  in  youth  marked  for  an  early 
grave  by  the  wiseacres,  his  energy  of  will  has 
carried  him  through  to  a  well-preserved  ma- 
turity, for  not  yet  can  he  be  called  old,  being 
still  on  the  sunny  side  of  seventy.  His  two- 
volume  autobiography  is  packed  with  events 


of  interest,  sometimes  of  thrilling  interest,  and 
often  of  great  historic  importance.  His  life 
is,  in  very  truth,  a  part  of  his  country's  his- 
tory. Mr.  L.  Cope  Cornford  provides  the  book 
with  useful  Introduction  and  notes,  and  many 
illustrations  are  interspersed. 


The  life  of 

a  great  singer. 


There  is  an  undeniable  fascina- 
tion about  the  men  and  women 
who  have  won  a  prominent  place 
in  the  theatre,  where  we  go  to  see  life  moving 
before  us  in  a  sort  of  dream.  The  applause 
which  they  receive,  the  splendor  in  which  they 
appear,  the  idealization  which  we  give  to  their 
character  and  attainments,  set  them  apart 
from  the  ordinary  human  being,  and  give 
interest  to  them  in  every  aspect  in  which  they 
manifest  themselves.  We  like  especially  to 
know  about  them  as  simple  human  beings,  and 
an  opportunity  to  gaze  into  their  daily  life 
away  from  the  glamour  of  the  stage  is  gladly 
seized  upon.  Madame  Lilli  Lehmann  Kalisch 
in  her  book,  "My  Path  through  Life"  (Put- 
nam), presents  us  with  an  autobiography 
singularly  minute  and  agreeable.  She  begins 
with  her  girlhood  days  and  passes  on  to  the 
period  of  her  extraordinary  triumphs,  when 
she  was  almost  without  question  the  greatest 
singer  of  her  time.  Her  book  shows  her  to  be 
a  woman  of  remarkable  insight  and  intelli- 
gence; her  aims  are,  and  have  been,  as  high 
as  those  of  the  art  which  she  made  grander 
and  nobler  by  her  efforts ;  wre  doubt  whether 
any  singer  ever  lived  who  brought  to  her  art 
sincerer  devotion.  Lilli  Lehmann  came  of  a 
musical  family.  Her  mother,  Marie  Loew, 
was  a  distinguished  singer  in  opera,  and  her 
father,  Carl  August  Lehmann,  was  one  of  the 
famous  tenors  of  his  day.  The  father  proved 
a  wayward  person  and  his  death  released  the 
family  from  considerable  embarrassment. 
The  mother,  who  had  left  the  stage,  became 
harpist  in  the  orchestra  of  the  theatre  in 
Prague,  and  maintained  herself  and  two 
daughters  thus,  and  by  giving  lessons  in  sing- 
ing. Both  girls  followed  their  mother  in  their 
careers,  and  Lilli  Lehmann  seems  to  think  that 
her  sister  Marie  was  a  greater  artist  than  her- 
self. The  account  of  these  youthful  days  is 
very  entertaining,  and  the  young  girls  soon 
had  many  chances  of  appearing  in  public, 
securing  thus  an  education  which  subse- 
quently proved  invaluable  to  them.  Richard 
Wagner  comes  into  their  life  very  early.  He 
was  a  friend  of  the  mother,  and  at  one  time 
made  a  serio-comic  proposition  for  the  adop- 
tion of  Lilli.  After  some  effort  a  professional 
engagement  for  the  elder  daughter  Lilli  was 
obtained  at  the  Prague  National  Theatre,  and 
the  life-work  began  in  earnest.  The  book  will 


88 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  1 


be  found  enjoyable  by  musicians  and  laymen 
alike ;  for  it  is  the  story  of  a  grand  woman  and 
a  great  artist  at  her  best.  The  translation  by 
Mrs.  Alice  Benedict  Seligman  is  in  the  main 
well  done  and  the  portraits  and  other  illustra- 
tions add  to  the  value  of  the  book. 


The  mind 

of  Dostoievsky. 


Miss  Ethel  Colburn  Mayne's 
translation  of  the  "Letters  of 
Dostoevsky"  (Macmillan)  is  a 
book  that  will  interest  all  admirers  of  the  Rus- 
sian novelist.  The  letters  contain  much  that 
our  reading  of  the  novels  had  prepared  us  for 
and  a  little  that  was  less  to  be  expected.  The 
extraordinary  preoccupation  of  the  young 
Dostoieffsky  with  European  literature,  for 
example,  will  be  somewhat  surprising  to  many 
of  his  American  readers.  •  On  the  other  hand, 
his  characteristic  enthusiasms  are  set  down 
here  at  the  greatest  length,  with  a  fullness, 
indeed,  that  is  a  little  trying  to  the  patience. 
He  was  the  most  fanatical  of  Slavophils,  find- 
ing little  to  admire  and  much  to  condemn  in 
the  civilizations  of  the  West.  He  was  a  mystic 
in  politics  as  in  religion,  and  the  efficiency  of 
modern  Germany  desolated  his  soul,  while 
France  seemed  to  him  decadent  and  immoral. 
The  hope  of  European  civilization  appeared  to 
him  to  lie  in  ' '  holy  Russia, ' '  though  he  found 
it  difficult  to  convey  this  hope  in  intelligible 
terms.  His  unfortunate  quarrel  with  Tour- 
guenieff  was  intensified  by  the  latter 's  con- 
tempt for  Russian  pretensions.  Throughout 
the  letters,  as  in  the  novels,  one  is  struck  by 
the  singular  confusion  that  characterized; 
Dostoieffsky  as  thinker.  His  grasp  of  abstract 
ideas  was  always  uncertain,  and  he  was  never 
able  to  discipline  himself  by  a  rational  con- 
sideration of  any  subject  that  had  deeply 
engaged  his  sympathy.  The  letters,  although 
illuminating  to  those  already  familiar  with  the 
novels,  should  not  be  read  as  an  introduction 
to  Dostoieffsky 's  works;  they  should  be  read 
only  by  those  who  have  already  gained  some 
knowledge  of  the  strength  and  the  weakness  of 
the  man  who  wrote  them. 


w    .  . 

Wonders  and 

riches  of  the 


Enamoured  of  our  youthful  and 

.  ^          .      ,-,  i     i  • 

vigorous  Far  West,  though  him- 
self a  resident  of  the  effete  East, 
Mr.  E.  Alexander  Powell,  F.R.G.S.,  writes 
with  both  enthusiasm  and  knowledge  concern- 
ing the  manifold  attractions  and  possibilities 
of  the  vast  domain  stretching  from  the  Mexi- 
can border  to  Puget  Sound,  and  even  beyond, 
to  the  Alaskan  boundary  line.  This  region  he 
has  traversed  in  a  motor-car,  being,  he  be- 
lieves, the  first  to  make  the  journey  in  that 
manner.  '  '  The  End  of  the  Trail  '  '  (  Scribner  )  , 
describes  in  vivid  style  and  with  a  wealth  of 


pictorial  accompaniment  the  incidents  of  the 
undertaking,  with  such  items  of  geographical 
and  agricultural  and  miscellaneous  informa- 
tion as  naturally  include  themselves  in  a  nar- 
rative of  this  kind.  Especially  impressive  is 
the  change  recently  wrought  in  the  desert 
regions  of  the  Southwest  by  the  introduction 
of  artificial  irrigation,  whereby  the  sandy 
wastes  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  are  made 
to  develop  unsuspected  fertility  and  the  face 
of  nature  is  marvellously  transformed.  Mr. 
Powell's  chapter-headings  indicate  the  tone  of 
his  book;  he  chooses  such  picturesquely  de- 
scriptive captions  as  "Conquerors  of  Sun 
and  Sand,"  "Chopping  a  Path  to  To-mor- 
row," "The  Land  of  Dreams-Come-True," 
"Where  Gold  Grows  on  Trees,"  "The  Coast 
of  Fairyland,"  and  "The  Valley  of  Heart's 
Delight."  Allowing  himself  a  sufficiency  of 
rhetorical  exuberance  to  preserve  his  style 
from  dullness,  he  perhaps  carries  to  excess  the 
familiar  devices  of  exaggeration  and  allitera- 
tion, as  where  he  describes1  the  road  from 
Phoenix  to  the  Roosevelt  Dam,  which  he  calls 
' '  the  trail  of  a  thousand  thrills, ' '  and  says 
' '  its  right-angle  corners  and  hairpin  turns  are 
calculated  to  make  the  hair  of  the  motorist 
permanently  pompadour."  This  last  expres- 
sion is  a  favorite  of  his  in  emphasizing  the 
startling  character  of  far-western  scenery.  As 
in  his  preceding  volume,  "The  Last  Fron- 
tier," the  author  gives  evidence  of  much  expe- 
rience as  a  "gentleman  rover"  (to  use  a  term 
of  his  own)  and  an  alert  observer.  There  is  a 
wealth  of  entertainment  and  information  in 
his  pages. 

„,....    .  ,       The    William    Brewster    Clark 

The  biological  .      *       i  .     n    n 

basis  of  human  Foundation  at  Amherst  College 
aims  to  throw  light  in  a  genu- 
inely scientific  spirit  upon  the  relations  which 
research  and  scientific  discovery  of  to-day 
bear  to  individual  attitude  and  social  policy. 
The  second  series  of  lectures,  "Biology  and 
Social  Problems,"  was  given  by  Professor 
G.  H.  Parker  of  Harvard  and  they  admirably 
carry  out  both  in  letter  and  spirit  the  purpose 
of  the  enterprise.  The  first  lecture  deals  with 
the  fundamental  conceptions  and  discoveries 
of  modern  biology  regarding  the  structure  and 
action  of  the  nervous  system,  in  its  relation  to 
reflexes,  freedom,  and  memory.  The  second 
concerns  itself  with  the  secretions  of  the  duct- 
less glands  and  those  mysterious  chemical  sub- 
stances known  as  hormones,  which  profoundly 
affect  and  control  the  activities  of  organs,  de- 
velopmental processes,  and  secondary  sexual 
characters.  The  third  lecture  discusses  the 
wonderful  revelations  of  the  secrets  of  repro- 
duction and  heredity  and  their  practical  ap- 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


89 


plication  in  genetics.  The  closing  lecture  is  a 
conservative  estimate  of  the  present  status  of 
our  knowledge  of  the  factors  of  organic  evolu- 
tion, consisting  of  a  frank  recognition  of  the 
profound  inadequacy  of  our  present  proved 
ground,  a  relegation  of  Darwin 's  natural  selec- 
tion to  a  place  of  secondary  importance,  and  a 
confident  belief  that  experiment  and  analysis 
will  ultimately  place  in  man's  hands  a  fuller 
knowledge  of  the  factors  which  have  brought 
about  his  existence.  Lucidity,  definite  prog- 
ress to  conclusions,  frankness,  and  breadth  of 
view  characterize  this  book  and  make  it  one  of 
the  best  brief  statements  of  current  biological 
thought  so  far  published  for  the  general 
reader.  (Houghton  Mifflin  Co.) 


Sir  Walter 
Raleigh  and 
Shakespeare. 


A  person  who  believes  that  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh  wrote  Shake- 
speare's plays  is  not  quite  so 
crazy  as  a  Baconian.  Raleigh  had  far  more 
than  Bacon  of  the  Elizabethan  versatility ;  he 
had  also  more  imagination,  and  a  very  pretty 
talent  for  poetry.  Still  no  one  with  any  sensi- 
tiveness to  style  could  suppose  that  the  author 
of  "Give  me  my  scallop-shell  of  quiet"  could 
have  written  the  tragedy  of  Lear  or  "The 
Tempest."  Nothing  so  imponderable  as  lit- 
erary quality,  however,  is  noticed  by  Mr. 
Henry  Pemberton,  Jr.,  in  his  "Shakespere 
and  Sir  Walter  Raleigh"  (Lippincott).  He 
applies,  as  he  tells  us  in  his  Preface,  methods 
to  which  he  has ' '  been  accustomed  in  the  study 
of  physical  sciences. ' '  Perhaps  it  is  this  scien- 
tific training  which  leads  him  to  find  profound 
significance  in  the  fact  that  on  the  title-pages 
of  some  early  editions  the  name  of  the  author 
is  spelled  with  a  hyphen,  "Shake-speare." 
Surely  it  is  not  the  scientific  method  which 
leads  Mr.  Pemberton  to  repeat  from  Charles 
Kingsley  an  outrageous  calumny  on  Richard 
Burbage,  based  on  a  passage  from  one  of 
Jonson  's  masques ;  for  if  Mr.  Pemberton  had 
looked  up  the  reference,  even  he  must  have 
seen  that  Kingsley  entirely  misunderstood  the 
passage.  In  justice  to  Mr.  Pemberton,  how- 
ever, it  should  be  said  that  he  discovers  no 
acrostics  or  cryptograms,  but  relies  for  his 
evidence  upon  a  number  of  "topical  allu- 
sions" in  the  plays  and  sonnets,  which  can  be 
explained  as  referring  to  various  circum- 
stances in  Raleigh's  life.  Some  of  these  ex- 
planations are  neat  and  by  themselves  plausi- 
ble. But  the  book  exhibits  beautifully  the 
three  fundamental  weaknesses  characteristic 
of  its  class.  Practically  all  such  books  are 
based  in  great  part  upon  (1)  a  literary  stu- 
pidity which  cannot  distinguish  between 
sharply  contrasted  styles,  (2)  a  form  of  snob- 
bishness which,  in  defiance  of  literary  history, 


assumes  that  no  work  of  the  highest  merit  can 
be  done  by  an  author  of  obscure  social  stand- 
ing and  irregular  education,  and  (3)  an 
encyclopaedic  ignoring  of  all  the  facts  which 
do  not  fit  into  the  writer 's  theory. 


BRIEFER  MENTION. 


"The  Short  Story"  (McClurg),  by  Professor 
E.  A.  Cross  of  the  State  Teachers'  College  of 
Colorado,  is  a  well  selected  collection  of  eighteen  or 
twenty  prose  narratives  with  an  Introduction  and 
brief  notes.  Unlike  many  recent  books  on  the 
same  subject  it  gives  no  directions  to  the  pros- 
pective writer  of  short  stories,  but  aims  to  help  the 
thoughtful  reader  to  a  better  understanding  of 
this  literary  form. 

Five  new  volumes  in  the  Greek  section  of  the 
"  Loeb  Classical  Library  "  have  come  to  hand,  as 
follows :  the  second  and  final  volume  of  Mr.  Walter 
Miller's  translation  of  Xenophon's  "  Cyropaedia," 
two  volumes  of  a  ten-volume  translation  of 
"  Plutarch's  Lives  "  by  Mr.  Bernadotte  Perrin,  the 
first  volume  of  Mr.  H.  B.  Dewing's  translation  of 
Procopius,  and  the  third  volume  of  Mr.  E.  Gary's 
translation  of  Dio's  Roman  history. 

"  The  South  African  Year  Book,  1914,"  edited 
by  Mr.  W.  H.  Hosking  and  published  by  Messrs. 
E.  P.  Button  &  Co.,  is  the  first  issue  of  an  annual 
publication  of  collated  information  regarding  the 
Union  of  South  Africa.  The  data  have  been 
secured  from  official  sources,  chiefly  from  the 
Union,  Provincial,  German,  and  Portuguese  gov- 
ernments, and  a  wide  variety  of  matters  regarding 
the  country  is  considered,  such  as,  its  orography, 
hydrography,  climate  and  meteorology,  races  and 
language,  minerals,  public  health,  agriculture,  tar- 
iffs, harbours,  or  finance. 

As  excellent  as  their  predecessors  in  every  re- 
spect of  printing  and  editing  and  serviceable  bind- 
ing are  the  additions  to  the  "  Oxford  Editions," 
which  include  the  following  titles :  Newman's 
"  The  Dream  of  Gerontius,  and  Other  Poems " ; 
"The  Poetical  Works  of  George  Crabbe,"  edited 
by  Messrs.  A.  J.  Carlyle  and  R.  M.  Carlyle  with 
the  poet's  notes  and  the  text  of  his  own  edition; 
Keble's  "The  Christian  Year,"  including  "Lyra 
Innocentium,"  and  other  poems,  together  with  his 
sermon  on  "National  Apostasy";  the  poems  of 
William  Cullen  Bryant;  and  the  poems  of  Charles 
Kingsley,  including  "  The  Saint's  Tragedy," 
"Andromeda,"  and  other  verse.  In  the  pocket 
series  of  "  World's  Classics  "  recent  additions  com- 
prise :  "  Dreamthorp,  with  Selections  from  Last 
Leaves,"  by  Alexander  Smith,  with  an  Introduction 
by  Mr.  Hugh  Walker,  LL.D. ;  "  Lorna  Doone,"  by 
R.  D.  Blackmore,  with  an  Introduction  by  Mr.  T. 
Herbert  Warren ;  "  Goblin  Market,  The  Prince's 
Progress,  and  Other  Poems,"  by  Christina  Rossetti ; 
"  The  Mutiny  and  Piratical  Seizure  of  H.  M.  S. 
Bounty,"  by  Sir  John  Barrow,  with  an  Introduc- 
tion by  Admiral  Sir  Cyprian  Bridge ;  "  The  De- 
fence of  Guenevere,  Life  and  Death  of  Jason,  and 
Other  Poems,"  by  William  Morris ;  and  "  Selected 
English  Short  Stories  (Nineteenth  Century)," 
with  an  Introduction  by  Mr.  Hugh  Walker,  LL.D. 


90 


THE    DIAL 


[  Feb.  1 


A  book  by  M.  Emile  Verlmeren,  "  The  Belgian 
Spirit,"  is  announced  by  Messrs.  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co. 

Mr.  W.  B.  Maxwell's  new  novel,  "  The  Ragged 
Messenger,"  will  be  published  immediately  by 
Messrs.  Bobbs-Merrill  Co. 

A  play  by  Mr.  Edward  Sheldon,  "  The  Garden  of 
Paradise,"  and  one  by  Mr.  Israel  Zangwill, 
"  Plaster  Saints,"  will  be  published  immediately  by 
the  Macmillan  Co. 

"  James,"  a  novel  by  "  W.  Dane  Bank  "  which 
was  announced  in  the  autumn  but  which  was  de- 
layed, will  be  published  immediately  by  Messrs. 
George  H.  Doran  Co. 

Mr.  Cecil  Chesterton,  brother  of  Mr.  G.  K.  Ches- 
terton, has  written  "  The  Prussian  Has  Said  in  His 
Heart,'.'  which  Mr.  Laurence  J.  Gomme  announces 
for  publication  on  this  side. 

A  novel  by  Mr.  Booth  Tarkington,  "  The 
Turmoil,"  which  has  been  running  serially  in 
"  Harper's  Magazine,"  is  announced  for  publica- 
tion on  February  11  by  Messrs.  Harper  &  Brothers. 

Mr.  Henry  Sydnor  Harrison's  new  story, 
"Angela's  Business,"  which  is  being  published 
serially  in  the  "  Metropolitan  Magazine  "  will  be 
issued  in  book  form  shortly  by  Messrs.  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co. 

Four  new  volumes  of  the  "  Home  University 
Library  "  will  be  published  by  Messrs.  Henry  Holt 
&  Co.  next  week.  They  are :  "  The  Navy  and  the 
Sea  Power,"  by  Mr.  David  Hannay ;  "  The  Ancient 
East,"  by  Mr.  D.  G.  Hogarth;  "The  Negro,"  by 
Mr.  W.  E.  DuBois;  and  "Russian  Literature,"  by 
Mr.  Maurice  Baring. 

Mr.  Samuel  Parsons  is  the  author  of  "  The  Prin- 
ciples and  Practice  of  Landscape  Gardening," 
which  Messrs.  Putnam  announce  for  immediate 
publication.  The  book  is  understood  to  be  an 
attempt  to  state  a  theory  of  landscape  gardening 
and  contains  a  considerable  body  of  matter  from 
foreign  writers  on  the  subject  whose  work  has  not 
hitherto  been  translated  into  English. 

Professor  Leo  Wiener  of  Harvard  is  the  author  of 
"An  Interpretation  of  the  Russian  People  "  which 
will  be  published  shortly  by  Messrs.  McBride,  Nast 
&  Co.  Professor  Wiener  was  born  in  Russia  and 
spent  his  youth  there.  Since  he  came  to  America  he 
has  taught  in  a  number  of  schools  and  colleges.  He 
is  the  translator  and  editor  of  an  edition  of  Tol- 
stoi's complete  works.  Altogether  his  experience 
should  have  qualified  him  in  a  peculiar  degree  to 
explain  Russia  to  America. 

Katharine  Coman,  professor  emeritus  of  eco- 
nomics and  sociology  at  Wellesley  College,  died  on 
January  11.  Miss  Coman  was  called  to  the  chair 
of  history  at  Wellesley  in  1883,  shortly  after  her 
graduation  from  the  University  of  Michigan.  In 
1900  she  became  professor  of  economics.  Ill  health 
compelled  her  to  retire  from  active  teaching  in 
1913.  Miss  Coman  was  the  author  of  "  The  Growth 
of  the  English  Nation,"  an  "  Industrial  History  of 
the  United  States,"  and  "  The  Economic  Begin- 
nings of  the  Far  West." 


A  circular  to  members  of  the  Fifth  International 
Congress  of  Philosophy  which  was  to  have  been 
held  in  London  next  September  announces  that  the 
war  has  made  it  impossible  to  carry  through  the 
arrangements  for  the  meeting.  The  members  of  the 
organizing  committee  express  "  the  earnest  hope 
that  the  confederacy  of  the  entire  philosophical 
world,  which  has  subsisted  since  the  inauguration  of 
the  series  of  congresses  in  1900,  will  not  be  set 
aside  for  a  longer  time  than  untoward  circum- 
stances render  absolutely  imperative." 

A  "  College  of  Arts  "  especially  for  American 
students  is  announced  in  London.  Among  those 
who  have  promised  to  conduct  classes  are  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Arnold  Dolmetsch,  Mr.  Gaudier-Brzeska,  Mr. 
Wyndham  Lewis,  Mr.  Reginald  Wilenski,  Mr. 
Alvin  Langdon  Coburn,  Mr.  Edmond  Dulac,  Mr. 
Charles  T.  Jacobi,  and  Mr.  Ezra  Pound.  Besides 
sculpture,  painting,  music,  dancing,  and  literature, 
it  is  proposed  to  teach  crafts,  including  printing, 
bookbinding,  furniture-making,  and  work  in  silver, 
enamel,  and  pottery.  The  secretary  is  Mr.  Vaughn 
Baron,  5  Holland  Place  Chambers,  Kensington, 
London,  W. 

James  Elroy  Flecker,  who  died  recently  at  Davos 
Platz  after  a  long  illness,  was  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished of  the  younger  English  poets.  The 
author  of  several  volumes  of  verse,  he  was  best 
known  by  the  collections  entitled  "  Forty-two 
Poems  "  and  "  The  Golden  Journey  to  Samarkand." 
A  novel,  "  The  King  of  Alsander,"  was  published 
in  this  country  only  last  autumn.  A  wanderer,  a 
student  of  Oriental  languages,  a  resident  for  a 
considerable  period  of  Stamboul,  Flecker  was  not 
intimately  associated  with  any  of  the  three  or  four 
groups  of  poets  in  London.  Poems  of  his  were, 
however,  included  in  "  Georgian  Poetry,"  the  brief 
anthology  which  introduced  his  name  and  that  of 
Mr.  Rupert  Brooke  in  connection  with  those  of 
Mr.  T.  Sturge  Moore  and  other  men  of  more  estab- 
lished reputation. 


TOPICS  ix  LEADING  PERIODICALS. 

February,  1915. 


American  History  and  American  Democracy.     A.  C. 

McLaughlin         Am.  Hist.  Rev. 

American  Literature.    H.  St.  G.  Tucker So.  Atl. 

American  Poetry.    Dorothea  L.  Mann Forum 

Borneo,  Botanizing  in.    D.  H.  Campbell Pop.  Sc. 

Brann,  William  Cowper.     H.  E.  Rollins So.  Atl. 

Browning,  Qualities  of.    Harry  T.  Baker    ....     Mid-West 

California.    James  D.  Phelan Rev.  of  Revs. 

Canal,  Meaning  of  the.     B.  I.  Wheeler     .     .     .     Rev.  of  Revs. 

Chile  and  Argentina.     E.  A.  Ross Century 

Church,  Apparent  Collapse  of  the.     E.  D.  Schoon- 

maker Century 

Church,  Social  Mission  of  the.  J.  H.  Melsh  .  .  .  Atlantic 
Churches,  Social  Service  and  the.  B.  I.  Bell  .  .  .  Atlantic 
Civil  War,  Plantation  Memories  of  the.  P.  A.  Bruce  So.  Atl. 
Civil  War  Reminiscences  —  VI.  A.  R.  H.  Ransom  Sewanee 

Civilization  and  Courage.     H.  M.  Aubrey Forum 

Climate  and  Civilization.  Ellsworth  Huntington  .  Harper 
Coast  Defence,  Our.  M.  H.  Thompson  ....  No.  Atner. 
Colorado,  Conditions  in.  George  Creel  .  .  .  Everybody's 
Contraband,  Question  of.  Arthur  Willert  ....  Atlantic 
Cosmic  Evolution,  Theories  of.  G.  D.  Swezey  .  .  Mid-West 
Country,  In  the  Deep.  Arthur  C.  Benson  . 
Criticism,  The  Acid  of  Higher.  Hugh  Black 


No.  Amer. 
Everybody's 


Culture.     R.   D.   O'Leary Sewanee 

Diplomatic  Service,  Needs  of  Our.     David  J.  Hill     .     Harper 


Dramatist,   The  Uncommercial.      E.   A.   Boyd 
Economic   Opportunity,   New.     Witt  Bowden 


Forum 
Forum 


Economics  of  the  Sixteenth  Century.     L.  M.   Sears     Sewanee 


England,  Chant  of  Love  for.    Helen  G.  Cone 


Atlantic 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


91 


England :  Imperial  Opportunist.  S.  P.  Orth  .  .  .  Century 
England  and  Contraband  Cargoes.  R.  G.  Usher  .  Century 
England's  Naval  Supremacy.  W.  Morgan  Shuster  .  Century 
Eugenics,  Misconceptions  of.  S.  J.  Holmes  .  .  .  Atlantic 
Facts,  Evanescence  of.  Jonathan  Wright  ....  Pop.  Sc. 
Family,  The,  and  the  Individual.  Henry  Bordeaux  Atlantic 
Feminism.  The  New,  in  Literature.  H.  H.  Peckham  So.  Atl. 
Fit,  The  Arrival  of  the.  John  Burroughs  .  .  .  No.  Amer. 
France,  A  Love  Letter  to.  John  Galsworthy  .  .  .  Atlantic 
France:  La  Grande  Nation.  J.  O.  P.  Bland  .  .  .  Atlantic 
French  Revolution,  The  —  IV.  Hilaire  Belloc  .  .  Century 
German  Spy  System,  The.  Sydney  Brooks  .  .  .  Atlantic 

Germany's  Answer.  Hans  Delbruck Atlantic 

Glands,  Ductless.  Fielding  H.  Garrison  ....  Pop.  Sc. 
Goethals,  George  W.  Joseph  B.  Bishop  ....  Scribner 
Government  Ownership.  Samuel  O.  Dunn  .  .  .  Atlantic 
Granville,  Lord,  and  Carolina.  A.  J.  Morrison  .  .  So.  Atl. 
Hay,  John,  From  the  Diaries  of.  W.  R.  Thayer  .  .  Harper 
Hindu  Student,  American  Impressions  of  a.  Sudhindra 

Bose Forum 

Holland,  Two  Revolutions  in.  H.  M.  Allen  .  .  .  Sewanee 
Initiative  and  Referendum,  Reforming  the.  E.  S. 

Potter Rev.  of  Revs. 

Johnson,  Lionel.  T.  K.  Whipple Mid-West 

Julian  the  Apostate.  Sidney  J.  Cohen  ....  Sewanee 
"  Karluk  "  Survivors,  Rescue  of  the.  B.  M.  McConnell  Harper 
Kiao-chau  Situation.  The.  Adachi  Kinnosuke  .  .  Century 
Laborer,  The,  and  His  Hire.  Ida  M.  Tarbell  .  .  American 
Liberal  Education,  Defence  of.  R.  B.  Perry  .  .  .  Forum 
Lions,  Hunting.  Stewart  Edward  White  .  .  .  American 
Literature  and  Cosmopolitanism.  H.  D.  Sedgwick  Atlantic 
Literature  and  the  New  Anti-Intellectualism.  P.  M. 

Buck,  Jr Mid-West 

Meade,  George  Gordon.  Gamaliel  Bradford  Am.  Hist.  Rev. 
Merchant-Marine  Problem,  The.  W.  C.  Redfield  .  Atlantic 
Militarism  and  Democracy  in  Germany.  O.  G. 

Villard Scribner 

Military  Training  in  Colleges.  J.  G.  Schurman  Everybody's 
Millet,  Jean  Francois.  George  M.  Gould  .  .  .  Mid-West 

Morals,  Control  of.  Durant  Drake Forum 

Motor  in  Warfare,  The.  Charles  L.  Freeston  .  .  Scribner 

Motoring,  Women  and.  H.  L.  Towle Scribner 

Motorirg  in  the  High  Sierras.  C.  J.  Belden  .  .  Scribner 

Musical  Primitive,  A.  James  Huneker Forum 

National  Defence.  Arthur  Bullard Century 

National  Societies,  Foreign  Associates  of.  E.  C. 

Pickering Pop.  Sc. 

Naval  Expenditures  and  Waste.  G.  V.  L.  Meyer  No.  Amer. 
Neutral  Rights  and  Duties.  C.  T.  Revere  .  .  .  No.  Amer. 
Neutrality:  Legal  vs.  Moral.  Paul  Fuller  .  .  .  Atlantic 
Normandy  under  Henry  II.  C.  H.  Haskins  .  Am.  Hist.  Rev. 
North  Carolina's  Taxation  Problem.  C.  L.  Raper  .  So.  Atl. 
Novel,  Social  Relations  in  the.  Louise  M.  Field  .  .  Forum 

Novels  and  Vitality.  J.  B.  Cabell Sewanee 

Panama  Canal,  Opening  the.  Agnes  C.  Laut  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Panama-Pacific  Fair,  Architecture  at  the.  Ernest 

Knaufft Rev.  of  Revs. 

Paris  in  Etching.  F.  Weitenkampf Scribner 

Pater  the  Humanist.  Augustus  Ralli  ....  No.  Amer. 
Peace  —  What  It  Will  Be  Like.  Yves  Guyot  .  .  No.  Amer. 
Peace  and  Disarmament.  W.  Morgan  Shuster  .  .  Century 
Peirce  at  Johns  Hopkins.  E.  W.  Davis  ....  Mid-West 
Physical  Valuation,  Ethical  Principle  in.  E.  W. 

James Pop.  Sc. 

Plato's  Political  Ideas.  P.  H.  Frye Mid-West 

Poland,  Russian  Fighting  in.  Stanley  Washburn  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Progressivism  —  True  and  False.  R.  T.  Ely  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Public  Opinion,  Organization  of.  A.  T.  Hadley  .  No.  Amer. 
Referendum  and  Recall  among  Romans.  Frank  F. 

Abbott Sewanee 

Republican  Confidence,  Bases  of.  George  Harvey  No.  Amer. 

Retrospect,  In.  Thomas  Hardy No.  Amer. 

Rural  School,  Problem  for  the.  J.  B.  Sears  .  .  .  Pop.  Sc. 
Saloon,  War  against  the.  F.  C.  Iglehart  .  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Scandinavian  Situation,  The.  Edwin  Bjorkman  Rev.  of  Revs. 

Science,  Thought  in.  B.  C.  Gruenberg Pop.  Sc. 

Servia's  Struggle.  Michael  I.  Pupin.  .  .  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Sevigne,  Madame  de.  Gamaliel  Bradford  .  .  .  Sewanee 
Snow,  Treasures  of  the.  Richard  Le  Gallienne  .  .  Harper 
Spy,  Adventures  as  a.  Robert  Baden-Powell  .  Everybody's 
Stafford,  Sir  Edward.  Conyers  Read  .  .  .  Am.  Hist.  Rev. 

Tahiti,  A  History  of.  Alfred  G.  Mayer Pop.  Sc. 

Tapestries,  Story  and  Texture  Interest  of.  G.  L. 

Hunter Century 

"  Thanatopsis  "  in  the  Review.  W.  L.  Phelps  .  No.  Amer. 
Tsing-Tao,  Japanese  Capture  of.  G.  L.  Harding  Everybody's 

Turks,  Egypt  and  the.  S.  Nahas Rev.  of  Revs. 

Undergraduate  Background,  The.  H.  S.  Canby  .  .  Harper 
War,  United  States  and  the.  Sydney  Brooks  .  No.  Amer. 
War  Revenue  Act  of  1914.  H.  E.  Smith  ....  So.  Atl. 
Weather,  Misconceptions  about  the.  A.  H.  Palmer  Pop.  Sc. 
Whitman  in  Whitman's  Land.  Herman  Scheffauer  No.  Amer. 
Woman  Suffrage.  Matilda  H.  Gardner  ....  Atlantic 

Womankind.  May  Tomlinson Forum 

Wordsworth's  Poetry,  Growth  of  the  Classical  in. 

James  W.  Tupper Sewanee 

World  War,  A  Half  Year  of.  F.  H.  Simonds  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  70  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

DRAMA   AND    VERSE. 

Songs  of  Kabir.  Translated  by  Rabindranath  Ta- 
gore,  with  the  assistance  of  Evelyn  Underbill. 
12mo,  145  pag-es.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Anthology  of  Magazine  Verse  for  1014,  and  Year 
Book  of  American  Poetry.  By  William  Stanley 
Braithwaite.  8vo,  205  pages.  Cambridge,  Mass.: 
Privately  Printed. 

The  Great  Galeoto.  By  Jos6  Echegaray;  translated 
from  the  Spanish  by  Jacob  S.  Fassett,  Jr.  12mo, 
202  pages.  "Contemporary  Dramatists  Series." 
Richard  G.  Badger.  75  cts.  net. 

Stage  Guild  Plays.  New  volumes:  Ephraim  and 
the  Winged  Bear;  Back  of  the  Yards;  each  by 
Kenneth  Sawyer  Goodman.  16mo.  New  York: 
Donald  C.  Vaughan.  Paper,  each  35  cts.  net. 

GENERAL,    LITERATURE. 

Shakespeare's  Environment.  By  Mrs.  C.  C.  Stopes. 
Svo,  369  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 

Locb  Classical  Library.  New  volumes:  Plutarch's 
Lives,  translated  by  Bernadotte  Perrin,  Vols.  I. 
and  II.;  Dio's  Roman  History,  translated  by- 
Earnest  Gary,  Ph.D.,  Vol.  III.;  Caesar's  The  Civil 
Wars,  translated  by  A.  G.  Peskett;  Xenophon's 
Cyropsedia,  translated  by  Walter  Miller;  Proco- 
pius,  translated  by  H.  B.  Dewing,  Vol.  I.  Each 
16mo.  Macmillan  Co.  Per  volume,  $1.50  net. 

Handy  Volume  Classics.  New  volumes:  The  Best 
English  and  Scottish  Ballads,  selected  by  Edwara 
A.  Bryant;  The  Twelve  Best  Tales,  by  English 
Writers,  selected  by  Adam  L.  Gowans,  M.A.  Each 
with  frontispiece,  16mo.  Thomas  Y.  Crowell  Co. 

Shakespeare  Study  Programs:  The  Tragedies  and 
The  Comedies.  By  Charlotte  Porter  and  Helen 
A.  Clarke.  Each  12mo.  Richard  G.  Badger. 
Per  volume,  $1.  net. 

FICTION. 

The  Wisdom  of  Father  Brown.  By  Gilbert  K.  Ches- 
terton. 12mo,  324  pages.  John  Lane  Co.  $1.30  net. 

A  Set  of  Six.  By  Joseph  Conrad.  12mo,  356  pages. 
Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

Sanlne.  By  Michael  Artzibashef;  translated  from 
the  Russian  by  Percy  Pinkerton,  with  Preface  by 
Gilbert  Cannan.  12mo,  315  pages.  B.  W.  Huebsch. 
$1.35  net. 

God's  Country  —  and  the  Woman.  By  James  Oliver 
Curwood.  Illustrated,  12mo,  347  pages.  Double- 
day,  Page  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Adventures  of  Detective  Barney.  By  Harvey 
J.  O'Higgins.  Illustrated,  12mo,  305  pages.  Cen- 
tury Co.  $1.30  net. 

A  Pillar  of  Salt:  A  Story  of  Married  Life.  By 
Horace  W.  C.  Newte.  12mo,  320  pages.  John 
Lane  Co.  $1.35  net. 

Broke  of  Covenden.  By  J.  C.  Snaith.  Revised  edi- 
tion; 12mo,  467  pages.  Small,  Maynard  &  Co. 
$1.35  net. 

PUBLIC    AFFAIRS POLITICS,    SOCIOLOGY, 

AND   ECONOMICS. 

The  Modern  City  and  Its  Problems.  By  Frederic  C. 
Howe,  Ph.D.  Svo,  390  pages.  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons.  $1.50  net. 

Police  Practice  and  Procedure.  By  Cornelius  F. 
Cahalane;  with  Introduction  by  Arthur  Woods. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  241  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 
$1.50  net. 

Studies  in  Southern  History  and  Politics.  Inscribed 
to  William  Archibald  Dunning,  LL.D.,  by  his 
former  pupils.  Large  Svo,  394  pages.  Columbia 
University  Press. 

Eros:  The  Development  of  the  Sex  Relation  through 
the  Ages.  By  Emil  Lucka;  translated  from  the 
German,  with  Introduction,  by  Ellie  Schleussner. 
Svo,  379  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.75  net. 

Readings  in  Political  Philosophy.  By  Francis  Wil- 
liam Coker,  Ph.D.  Svo,  573  pages.  Macmlllan 
Co.  $2.25  net. 

Peace  Insurance.  By  Richard  Stockton,  Jr.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  214  pages.  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co. 
$1.  net. 

The  Anthracite  Coal  Combination  in  the  United 
States:  With  Some  Account  of  the  Early  De- 
velopment of  the  Anthracite  Industry.  By  Eliot 
Jones,  Ph.D.  Svo,  261  pages.  Harvard  Uni- 
versity Press. 

A  Short  History  of  Women's  Rights:  From  the 
Days  of  Augustus  to  the  Present  Time.  By 
Eugene  A.  Hecker.  Revised  edition;  Svo,  313 
pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.50  net. 


92 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  1 


BOOKS  ABOUT  THE  WAR. 

America  and  the  World  War.  By  Theodore  Roose- 
velt. 12mo,  277  pages.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 
75  cts.  net. 

Germany's  War  Mania:  The  Teutonic  Point  of  View 
as  Officially  Stated  by  Her  Leaders.  12mo,  272 
pages.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Round  Table:  A  Quarterly  Review  of  the  Poli- 
tics of  the  British  Empire.  With  maps,  8vo,  302 
pages.  Macmillan  Co. 

An  Open  Letter  to  the  Nation  with  Regard  to  a 
Peace  Plan.  By  James  Howard  Kehler.  12mo, 
25  pages.  Mitchell  Kennerley. 

A  Plain  Tale  from  Mallnes:  Being  the  Authentic 
Story  of  Florimond  Cleirens.  Translated  by 
R.  W.  B.  Pugh.  Illustrated,  8vo,  47  pages. 
Oxford:  B.  H.  Black  well.  Paper. 

Oxford  Pamphlets.  New  titles:  Poland,  Prussia, 
and  Culture,  by  Ludwik  Ehrlich;  Greek  Policy 
since  1882,  by  Arnold  J.  Toynbee;  The  Double 
Alliance  versus  the  Triple  Alliance,  by  James  M. 
Beck.  Each  12mo.  Oxford  University  Press. 
Paper. 

Pamphlets  on  the  War.  New  titles:  Britain  ami 
Turkey,  the  Causes  of  the  Rupture,  by  Sir 
Edward  Cook;  An  Englishman's  Call  to  Arms, 
reprinted  from  "The  Daily  Mail";  England,  Ger- 
many, and  Europe,  by  James  Wycliffe  Headlam, 
M.A.  Each  12mo.  Macmillan  Co.  Paper. 

TRAVEL,   AND   DESCRIPTION. 

On  Life's  By-ways.  By  Pierre  Loti;  translated  from 
the  French  by  Fred  Rothwell.  12mo,  230  pages. 
Macmillan  Co. 

With  Kitchener  to  Khartum.  By  G.  W.  Steevens. 
New  edition;  illustrated,  12mo,  326  pages.  Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

A  Sunday  School  Tour  of  the  Orient.  By  Frank  L. 
Brown.  Illustrated,  12mo,  374  pages.  Double- 
day,  Page  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

A  White  Woman  in  a  Black  Man's  Country:  Three 
Thousand  Miles  up  the  Nile  to  Rejaf.  By  Nettie 
Fowler  Dietz.  Illustrated,  8vo,  327  pages. 
Omaha,  Neb.:  Privately  Printed. 

RELIGION    AND   THEOLOGY. 
Our  Knowledge  of  Christ:    An  Historical  Approach. 

By    Lucius    Hopkins    Miller.      12mo,    166    pages. 

Henry  Holt  &  Co.     $1.  net. 
Christianity  as  Mystical  Pact,  and  The  Mysteries  of 

Antiquity.      By    Rudolf    Steiner.      Third    edition, 

revised    and    enlarged,    edited    by    H.    Collison. 

12mo,  241  pages.    G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.     $1.25  net. 
The  Lord's  Prayer:    A  Vision  of  To-day.     By  Henry 

Harrison   Brown.      16mo,   223    pages.      Sa'n   Fran- 
cisco:   "Now"  Company.     $1.  net. 
Transplanted  Truths;  or,  Expositions  of  Great  Texts 

in    Ephesians.       By    Alvah    Sabin    Hobart,    D.D. 

12mo,    183    pages.      Griffith    &    Rowland    Press. 

75  cts.  net. 
The     Most     Beautiful     Thing     in     the     "World.       By 

Fletcher    Harper    Swift.      Illustrated,    12mo,    46 

pages.     American  Tract  Society. 
The  People's  Prayers  Voiced  by  a  Layman.    Written 

by  George  W.  Coleman.     16mo,  93  pages.     Griffith 

&  Rowland  Press.     50  cts.  net. 
"  We  "Would   See  Jesus."     By   David  James  Burrell. 

With    frontispiece,    12mo,    94    pages.      American 

Tract  Society. 
Thoughts    on    Christian   History.      By   Albert    S.    G. 

Canning.      8vo,    356    pages.      London:     T.    Fisher 

Unwin. 

The  Naked  Truth  of  Jcsusism  from  Oriental  Manu- 
scripts. By  Lyman  F.  George.  With  portrait, 

16mo,     162     pages.    •  Charles     H.     Kerr     &     Co. 

50  cts.  net. 

PHILOSOPHY  AND   ETHICS. 
The  Asiatic  Dionysos.     By  Gladys  M.  N.  Davis,  M.A. 

8vo,  276  pages.    Macmillan  Co. 
Introduction  to  the  Science  of  Ethics.     By  Theodore 

de    Laguna.      12mo,    414    pages.      Macmillan    Co. 

$1.75  net. 
The   "Great   Divide    and   the    Tripod":     Time,    Life 

and  Mind,  Mathematical.     By  W.  Bonnar.     With 

portrait,  8vo,  125  pages.     Chicago:    Published  by 

the  author.     $2.  net. 

EDUCATION. 

Child  Training.  By  V.  M.  Hillyer.  Illustrated, 
8vo,  299  pages.  Century  Co.  $1.60  net. 

Education  through  Play.  By  Henry  S.  Curtis.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  359  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50  net. 

An  Introduction  to  American  History:  European 
Beginnings.  By  Alice  M.  Atkinson.  Illustrated 
in  color,  etc.,  12mo,  303  pages.  Ginn  &  Co. 
75  cts.  net. 


A   Book   of   Short   Stories.      Selected    and   edited   by 

Stuart    P.    Sherman.      With    portrait,    16mo,    353- 

pages.     Henry  Holt  &  Co. 
Ein  praktischer  An  fang.     By  M.  E.  Manfred.     12mo, 

326  pages.     D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.     $1.10  net. 
Shakespeare's   Macbeth.     Edited,  with   Introduction 

and    Notes,    by    H.    J.    C.    Grierson.       16mo,    172 

pages.     Oxford  University  Press. 
Tales  and  Poems.     By  Edgar  Allan  Poe;    edited  by 

Frederick     Houk     Law,     Ph.D.       With     portrait, 

16mo,  323  pages.   Charles  E.  Merrill  Co.   40  cts.  net. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Bernini,  and  Other  Studies  in  the  History  of  Art. 
By  Richard  Norton.  Illustrated,  8vo.  Macmillan 
Co.  $5.  net. 

The  Lure  of  the  Land:  Farming  after  Fifty.  By 
Harvey  W.  Wiley,  M.D.  Illustrated,  12mo,  36& 
pages.  Century  Co.  $1.40  net. 

Modern  Book  Illustrators  and  Their  \Vork.  Edited 
by  C.  Geoffrey  Holme  and  Ernest  G.  Halton,  with 
text  by  M.  C.  Salaman.  Illustrated  in  color,  etc., 
4to,  192  pages.  "International  Studio."  John- 
Lane  Co.  Paper,  $2.50  net. 

The  Excavations  at  Babylon.  By  Robert  Koldewey; 
translated  by  Agnes  S.  Johns.  Illustrated,  large 
8vo,  335  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 


STUDIES  IN  SOUTHERN 
HISTORY  AND  POLITICS 

Edited  by  JAMES  W.  GARNER 

Professor  of  Political  Science  in  the  University  of  Illinois 

8vo,  cloth,  pp.  viii  +  394.     Price  $2.50  net. 
A  collection  of  fifteen  articles  on  topics  relating  to  the 
South  by  professors  in  various  colleges  and  universities  of 
the  country. 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

LEMCKE  AND  BUECHNER,  Agents 
30-32  West  27th  Street  NEW  YORK 


Entrance  examinations,  June  4. 
One  year  course  for  certificate. 
Two  year  course  for  diploma. 

Send  to  M.  W.  PLUMMER,  Principal, 
476  Fifth  Avenue,  for  descriptive  circular 


LOOSE-LEAF  DEVICES 
for  LIBRARY  RECORDS 

Make  your  work  easier,  quicker,  better.     Use 

Loose  -  Leaf    Accession    Records 
and  Borrowers'  Registers 

They   are  made  to  be  used  in  a  typewriter.     For 

your  library  this  means 
Economy     Speed     Accuracy     Neatness 

Order  from 
LIBRARY  SUPPLIES  DEPARTMENT 

DEMOCRAT  PRINTING  COMPANY 

MADISON,  WIS. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


93 


AUTHORS! 


Fiur     HOI  I  Y  AUTHORS'  AND  PUBLISHERS' 
.  1V1 .    n  U  Li  Li  I  REPRESENTATIVE 

156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York          (  K»t,abl.i»hed  1905J 
BATES  AND  FULL  INFORMATION  WILL  BE  SENT  ON  REQUEST 

We  can  sell  your  stories,  poems,  etc. 
Terms,  15%.    Also  expert  criticism, 
revision  and  typing  of  MSS. Write  for 
circular.    W.  LABBERTON  CO.,  1308  Hoe  Ave.,  New  York  City. 

THE  NEW  YORK  BUREAU  OF  REVISION 

Thirty-fifth  Year.  LETTERS  OF  CRITICISM,  EXPERT 
REVISION  OF  MSS.  Advice  as  to  publication.  Address 
DR.  TITUS  M.  CO  AN,  424  W.  1 19th  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

FACTS,  STATISTICS 

and  other  material  for  addresses,  reports,  essays.  Literary 
advice  and  criticism.  Revision  and  correction  of  MSS.  Gen- 
ealogical research.  Bureau  of  Research,  New  Albany,  Ind. 

MANUSCRIPTS 
CRITICISED       REVISED        PLACED 

N.  SHEPPARD 

149  WEST  UTH  STREET  NEW  YORK  CITY 

If  you  want  results  send  stamp  for  circular 

"SHORTTYPING" 

is  a  new  and  unique  system  of  abbreviated  writing  which  can  be 
written  either  with  a  pen  or  on  a  typewriter.  By  its  assistance  an 
hour's  typewriting  can  be  done  in  thirty  minutes.  Invaluable  for 
those  who  feel  the  need  of  saving  time  in  writing,  but  who  lack 
the  time  needed  to  master  stenography. 

Price,  cloth  bound,  $1.25,  postpaid. 

Descriptive  circular  free  upon  request. 
BLUE  STAR  PUBLISHING  CO..  261  Broadway,  New  York 

MSS.  SUCCESSFULLY  PLACED 

Criticised,  Revised,  Typed 

Send  for  Leaflet  D 

References : 
Edwin  Markham  and  others.    Established  1890. 

UNITED  LITERARY  PRESS,  123  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 

WILLIAM  DOXEY 

AUTHORS*  AND  PUBLISHERS*  LITERARY  AGENT 
535  S.  WABASH  AVENUE,  CHICAGO 

MANUSCRIPTS   READ  AND  REPORTED MANUSCRIPTS  PREPARED   FOR  THE 

PRESS  BY  SPECIALISTS EXPERT  ADVICE  ON  PUBLISHING.. ..BOOK  COVERS 

ILLUSTRATIONS.... MERITORIOUS    MANUSCRIPTS   PLACED 

CORRESPONDENCE  INVITED 


MANUSCRIPTS 

edited  and  revised.    Letters  of  criticism.    Advice  as 
to  publication. 

Address,  ROBERT  J.  SHORES,  Hotel  Marie  Antoinette 
New  York  City 


PHOTO  PLAYWRIGHTS 

Send  your  rejected  photoplays  to  us  for  correction,  revision 
and  criticism.  Mss.  typed,  meritorious  scripts  placed. 
Authors  of  novels,  short  stories  and  books  wishing  their 
material  dramatized  and  placed  in  regular  photoplay  form, 
address  us  as  to  your  wants.  Circular  on  request. 

REX  LITERARY  BUREAU 

57  STOCKTON  ST.  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 


MRS.  RACHEL  WEST  CLEMENT 

Experienced  Authors'  Agent,  Reader  and  Critic,  Specializing  in  Short 
Stories.  Reading  fee,  $1.00  for  5,000  words  or  under,  includes  short 
criticism.  Circulars  on  request. 

6646  Germantown  Ave..  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


ART  vs.  PROFIT 

Do  you  wish  to  succeed  at  writing  ?  Then  forget  that  you  want 
to  make  money  out  of  it,  and  devote  yourself  to  doing  your  work 
well;  thus  will  you  achieve  artistic  excellence,  and  profit  will 
follow.  Let  us  send  you  free  our  beautiful  correspondence-study 
catalogue.  The  sight  of  it  is  an  aesthetic  tonic  ;  its  contents  will 
be  a  revelation  to  you.  We  offer  over  100  courses  for  the  writer. 

School  of  Literary  Craftsmanship  and  Aesthetics 

WASHINGTON.  D.  C. 


Short -Story  Writing 

A  Course  of  forty  lessons  in  the  history, 
form,  structure,  and  writing  of  the 
Short-Story   taught   by   Dr.   J.   Berg 
Esenwein,  Editor  of  Lippineott's  Magazine. 
One  sludvnt  writes:    "I  know  that  you  will 
be  pleased  when  I  tell  you  that  I  have  just 
received  a  check  for $125  from  'Everybody's' 
for  a  humorous  story.     They  ask  for  more. 
I  am  feeling  very  happy,  and  very  gratefal  to 
Dr.  Esenwein. ' 

Also  courses  in  Photoplay  Writing,  Versi- 
fication and  Poetics,  Journalism.  In  all, 
over  One  Hundred  Courses,  under  profes- 
sors in  Harvard,  Brown,  Cornell,  and  other 
leading  colleges. 

250-Page  Catalog  Free.     Please  Address 
The  Home  Correspondence  School 

Dept.  571  Springfield,  Mass. 


Can  You  Imagine 

a  friend,  interested  as  you  are  in  all  kinds  of 
literary  work,  who  would  come  to  you  fort- 
nightly to  discuss  your  writing  in  frank, 
common-sense  fashion? 

This  friend  would  not  talk  too  much  at  each  visit.  He 
would  not  keep  you  top  long  from  your  new  story  or  essay 
or  poem.  His  friendships  among  other  writers — successful 
and  aspiring  to  be  successful — and  among  editors  would 
be  such  that  he  would  refine  for  you,  in  preparation  for 
each  visit,  practical,  helpful  advice  from  these  folk  that 
would  send  you  to  your  desk  with  a  new  outlook  on  your 
work  and  new  inspiration  to  make  it  more  successful. 
This  friend  would  look  carefully  over  about  i  ,000  magazines 
each  month  to  discover  for  you  news  that  would  enable  you 
to  keep  abreast  of  the  manuscript  requirements  of  editors. 
He  would  find  correspondents  who  would  glean  2,000  more 
magazines  and  papers  for  you  so  that  you  would  always 
know  in  advance  of  prize  contests,  changes  in  editorial 
policies,  suspensions,  changes  of  address,  requirements  of 
new  publications,  film  manufacturers,  etc.  Your  imagina- 
tion goes  no  further.  A  friend  of  this  admirable  type  would 
have  to  be  superhuman. 

There  is  such  a  friend — it's  a  very  human,  kindly 
little  magazine— THE  EDITOR,  which  makes 
profitable  and  pleasant  fortnightly  visits  to  the  elect 
of  the  writing  fraternity.  Be  one  of  the  elect  —  one 
of  those  who  elect  to  leave  nothing  undone  that  will 
contribute  to  success.  The  fee  is  $2.00- — it  pays 
for  26  fortnightly  numbers  of  THE  EDITOR  for 
one  year.  (Single  copy  ten  cents.) 

THE  EDITOR 

BOX  509  RIDGEWOOD,  NEW  JERSEY 


94 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  1 


Our  Catalog  of  Americana 

(196  pages,  2520  items)  has  just  been  published.    Easily  the 
finest  list  we  have  ever  issued.    Free  for  the  asking. 

THE  TORCH  PRESS  BOOK  SHOP,  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa 


The  Study- Guide  Series 

FOR  USE  IN  HIGH  SCHOOLS:    The  Study  of  Ivanhoe,  The  Study  oi  Four 

Idylls.    Send  for  special  price-list. 
FOR  STUDY  CLUBS:    Study- Guides  arranged  for  use  with  traveling 

libraries,  town  libraries,  etc.     Subjects:  Historical  Novels  and 

Plays  of  Shakespeare,  Idylls  of  the  Kind,  etc. 

FOR  THE  TEACHERS  OF  PRIMARY  GRADES  :    Motor  Work  and  Formal  Studies. 
H.  A.  DAVIDSON,  The  Study-Guide  Series,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

BOOK-PLATES 


A  13OO  Jv-r  LA  1  rii,  even  when  purely  deco- 
rative, often  suggests  the  profession  of  the  owner. 

CORA  JUNE  CADY,  Book-plates 
536*/2  MICH.  TRUST  BLDG.  GRAND  RAPIDS.  MICHIGAN 

Out  of  Print  Books 

Autograph  Letters 

First  Editions 

MR.  ERNEST  DRESSEL  NORTH  desires 
to  inform  his  friends,  customers,  and 
the  book-buying  public  that  he  has  a 
large  stock  of  rare  second-hand  books 
and  autograph  letters  constantly  on 
hand.  He  is  always  ready  to  buy  or 
sell  such,  and  to  correspond  with 
librarians,  collectors,  and  booksellers 
regarding  these  specialties. 


ERNEST  DRESSEL  NORTH 

4  East  Thirty-ninth  Street  NEW  YORK  CITY 


BOOKS  (Secondhand)  Catalogues,  including  Americana,  post  free 
R.  ATKINSON,  97  Sunderland  Road,  Forest  Hill,  LONDON,  ENG. 

Rnnif  Q       ALL   OUT-OP-PRINT    BOOKS    SUPPLIED. 
L*VJ  \J  IV  O  •     no  matter  on  what  subject.    Write  us.    We  can  get 

you  any  book  ever  published.    Please  state  wants.    Catalogue  free. 
BAKER'S  GREAT  BOOK  SHOP,  14-16  Bright  St.,  BIRMINGHAM,  ENS. 


Over  1,000,000  volumes  secondhand  at  half  price.  New, 
25%  discount.     State  wants.     Catalogue  free.     Books 
FOYLE,  121  Charing  Cross  Road,  London,  England. 


bought. 


SECOND-HANDBOOKS.    General  Literature,   ist  Editions. 

Enquiries  esteemed.    Frequent  catalogues  post  free. 

GORFIN,  82A,  CHARING  CROSS  ROAD,  LONDON,  W.  C. 

W.  HEFFER  &  SONS,  LTD. 

BOOKSELLERS 

CAMBRIDGE,  ENGLAND 

Classified  Catalogues  issued  regularly,  English  Literature,  Science 
and  Mathematics,  Oriental  and  Travel,  Classical,  Historical,  The- 

ology, Philosophy  and  Economics,  etc. 

Let  us    register  your  name    for  catalogues,  and    send  us  your 
List  of  Wants.     We  carry  an  immense  stock. 


The  Advertising  Representative  of  THE  DIAL 
in  England  is 

MR.  DAVID  H.  BOND 

407,  Bank  Chambers,  Chancery  Lane,  London,  W.  C., 

who  can  furnish  full  information  regarding  rates,  etc., 
and  through  whom  advertising  orders  may  be  sent. 


CATALOGUE  of  UNCOMMON  BOOKS 

Relating  to  the  American  Revolution,  Civil  War, 
Indians,  Lincoln,  Canada,  Etc. 

CATALOGUE  OF 

FIRST  EDITIONS  of  ENGLISH  and 
AMERICAN  AUTHORS 

Sent  on  request 

C.  GERH  ARDT  &  CO.,  1 20  East  59th  St.,  New  York 


"DARE  books  and  first  editions  collected 
•*-^-  and  arranged  for  people  who  are  too 
busy  to  attend  to  the  forming  of  libraries. 

Address  E.  V.,  Boston  Transcript 
BOSTON,  MASS. 


We  Issue  Catalogs  of 

Interesting  and  Valuable  Books 

ART  WORKS,  Beautifully  Illustrated  Books,  Standard  Authors  in  fine 

Editions,  Biography,  History  and  Books  of  general  interest. 

We  send  Books  to  all  parts  of  the  country.     We  have  satisfied  customers 

in  every  state  and  nearly  every  city.     You  have  nothing  to  lose 

and  may  gain  much  by  sending  for  our  catalogs. 

THE  H.  R.  HUNTTING  COMPANY,  Springfield,  Massachusetts 


Autograph 
Letters 


OF  CELEBRITIES   BOUGHT  AND  SOLD 

Send  for  price  lists 

Walter  R.  Benjamin,  225  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 
Established  1887.    Pub.  The  Collector,  $1.  a  year 


Hinds  and  Noble.  31-33-35  West  15th  St..  N.  Y.  City.    Write  for  Catalogue. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


95 


FOR  FUN  TRY 

PLANTATION  POEMS 

Written  and  Illustrated  by  ELOISE  LEE  SHERMAN 

Square  I2tno.    $1.25  net.    Postpaid  $1.33 
"A  beautiful  little  volume  of  Southern  plantation  poems 
that  have  the  true  ring  and  rhythm  and  spirit  in  them." 

— Savannah  News. 

PICKANINNY  NAMESAKES 

Pictures  and  Verses  by  ELOISE  LEE  SHERMAN 

Square  I2mo.    75  cents  net.    Postpaid  83  cents 
"An  alphabetical  array  of  irresistibly  quaint  little  negro- 
children,  all  in  characteristic  moods  and  poses. 

— Chicago  Daily  News. 

FREDERIC  FAIRCHILD  SHERMAN 

1790  BROADWAY  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Dublin  University  Press  Series 

THE  ARGONAUTICA  of 
APOLLONIUS  RHODIUS 

Edited,  with  Introduction  and  Commentary,  by 
GEORGE  W.  MOONEY,  M.  A.,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of 
Trinity  College,  Dublin.  8vo. 


"Mr.  Mooney  has  interpreted  the  difficult  passages,  trans- 
cribed the  parallels  from  Homer,  Hesiod,  Pindar,  Virgil 
and  Valerius  Flaccus,  and  in  general  furnished  all  the  aids 
that  the  ordinary  classical  student  will  need  for  the  intelli- 
gent enjoyment  of  the  poem.  .  .  ."  —  Nation. 

LONGMANS,  GREEN,  &  CO. 

FOURTH  AVENUE  AND  30TH  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


A  Graded  Guide  to 

Supplementary  Reading 

An  illustrated  descriptive  list  of  the  best  approved 
supplementary  reading  books  for  children's  libraries. 
In  all  respects  the  best  guide  to  children's  library 
books  published. 

Sent  to  District  Superintendents,  Teachers  and 
others  interested  free  on  request. 

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  GO. 

WHOLESALE    DEALERS   IN   THE    BOOKS   OF   ALL   PUBLISHERS 
33-37  E.  17th  Street  XT  V       1      f^' ± 

Union  Square  North  IN  CW    lOrK    L«lty 


The 
Guide 
to  the 
New 
Books 


The  A.  L.  A.  Booklist, 

the  annotated  monthly 
magazine  published  by 
the  American  Library 
Association  with  the 
co-operation  of  special- 
ists the  country  over. 

One  Dollar  the  Year 

78  EastWashington 
Street  Chicago 


An  Invaluable  Reference  Book  just 

issued  in  Lippincott's  Reader's 

Reference  Library 

Heroes  and  Heroines 
of  Fiction 

MODERN  PROSE  AND  POETRY 

Crown  8vo.      Half  Morocco,  gilt  top.  $3.00  net.       Postage  extra. 

By  WILLIAM  S.  WALSH 

In  this  invaluable  reference  book  Mr.  Walsh  has 
compiled  the  famous  characters  and  famous  names  in 
novels,  romances,  poems  and  dramas.  These  are 
classified,  analyzed  and  criticised  and  supplemented 
with  citations  from  the  best  authorities.  Much  infor- 
mation of  a  curious  and  unusual  kind  is  also  given. 
The  volume  makes  a  notable  addition  to  Mr.  Walsh's 
other  books,  ' '  Handy  Book  of  Curious  Information, ' ' 
"Curiosities  of  Popular  Customs,"  and  "Handy  Book 
of  Literary  Curiosities, ' '  and  the  Lippincott's  Reader's 
Reference  Library  of  which  they  form  a  part. 

Descriptive  Circular  Sent  on  Request 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS  PHILADELPHIA 


"AT  McCLURG'S" 

It  is  of  interest  and  importance 
to  Librarians  to  know  that  the 
books  reviewed  and  advertised 
in  this  magazine  can  be  pur- 
chased from  us  at  advantageous 
prices  by 

Public  Libraries,  Schools, 
Colleges  and  Universities 

In  addition  to  these  books  we 
have  an  exceptionally  large 
stock  of  the  books  of  all  pub- 
lishers—a more  complete  as- 
sortment than  can  be  found  on 
the  shelves  of  any  other  book- 
store in  the  entire  country.  We 
solicit  correspondence  from 
librarians  unacquainted  with 
our  facilities. 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 

A.C.McClurg  &  Co.,  Chicago 


96 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  1,  1915 


A  New  Edition  of  a  Famous  Anthology 

Now  issued  in  a  beautiful  new  form  printed  on 
special  India  paper.  A  delightful  volume  in  every 
way,  the  thin  paper  making  a  compact  handy  size 
for  the  pocket  or  traveling  bag. 


GOLDEN 
POEMS 

Compiled  by 
FRANCIS  F.  BROWNE 

Editor  "Poems  t>f  the  Civil  War," 

"Laurel  Crowned  Verse,"  etc.; 

author  "Everyday  Life  of 

Lincoln,"  etc. 


GOLDEN  POEMS  contains  more  of 
everyone's  favorites  than  any  other  collection 
at  a  popular  price,  and  has  besides  the  very 
best  of  the  many  fine  poems  that  have  been 
written  in  the  last  few  years. 

GOLDEN  POEMS  (by  British  and 
American  Authors)  has  550  selections  from 
300  writers,  covering  the  whole  range  of 
English  literature. 

GOLDEN  POEMS  is  a  fireside  volume 
for  the  thousands  of  families  who  love  poetry. 
It  is  meant  for  those  who  cannot  afford  all 
the  collected  works  of  their  favorite  poets  — 
it  offers  the  poems  they  like  best,  all  in  one 
volume. 

The  selections  in  GOLDEN  POEMSare 
classified  according  to  their  subjects:  BY  THE 
FIRESIDE;  NATURE'S  VOICES;  DREAMS 
AND  FANCIES;  FRIENDSHIP  AND  SYM- 
PATHY; LOVE;  LIBERTY  AND  PATRIOT- 
ISM; BATTLE  ECHOES;  HUMOR;  PATHOS 
AND  SORROW;  THE  BETTER  LIFE;  SCAT- 
TERED LEAVES. 

GOLDEN  POEMS,  with  its  wide  appeal, 
attractively  printed  and  beautifully  bound, 
makes  an  especially  appropriate  gift. 


Flexible  blue  doth  binding,  red  under  gold  edges. 

$2.75  net 

Full  brown  Morocco,   under  gold  edges,   $4.00  net 


A.  C.  McCLURG  &  CO. 


CHICAGO 


1  he  House  of  ohepard 


The  home  of 

The  Dial 

Books  of  the  Month 

The  Inland  Printer 

Business  Equipment  Journal 

Extension  Magazine 


WE  ARE  EXCEPTIONALLY  WELL-EQUIPPED 
FOR  THE  SPEEDY  PRODUCTION  OF  EVERY 
PHASE  OF  HIGH-GRADE  PRINTING 


Creative  Service 

Campaign  Planning          Copy-writing  Editing          Compiling 

Research  and  investigation  for  advertising  purposes 


Designing 


Engraving 


Photo  Process  on  Zinc  and  Copper  in  Line  and  Half-tone 

Wood  Engraving  Wax  Engraving 

Steel  and  Copper  Plate  Engraving  and  Printing 

Typesetting 
Monotype,  Linotype  and  Hand  Composition 

Presswork 

Flat- Bed  and  Automatic 
Magazines,  Catalogs,  Books  and  Color- Printing 

Hot  and  Cold  Embossing 

Stippling 
Exceptional  Facilities  for  Highest-Grade  Work 

Binding 

De  Luxe  Editions  Pamphlets  and  Blank  Books 

Hand  and  Machine  Sewed  Books  Stamping  Perforating 

Punching  Ruling  Casemaking  and  Finishing 

Addressing  and  Mailing 

CORRESPONDENCE  IS  INVITED 

THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY 
632  SHERMAN  STREET  CHICAGO 


PRESS  OF  THE  HENRY  0.  SHEPARD  COMPANY 


THE   DIAL 


<A  SEMI-MONTHLY  JOURNAL  OF 

Criticism,  gtsotsswrt,  anfr 


FRANCIS^'BROWNE  f  °  NO.  ess.           CHICAGO,  FEBRUARY  16, 

IQ-IK                loots,  a  copy,  f      PUBLISHED  AT 
1»1O.                    $n.ayear.     \   682  SHERMAN  ST. 

NEW  SCRIBNER  BOOKS 

The  German  Emperor  as  Sh 
Public  Utterance: 

By  CHRISTIAN  GAUSS,  of  Princeton  I 

Without  question  the  fairest,  as  it  is  one 
minating,  presentations  of  this  much  disputec 
may  be  traced  with  no  little  clearness  the  gi 
peror's  opinions,  the  extent  to  which  his  ideas 
on  the  subject  of  German  dominations,  the  co 
with  regard  to  war  and  peace,  and  his  views 
and  mission. 
£1.25  net;  postage  extra 

The  Democracy  of  the 
Constitution 

By  HENRY  CABOT  LODGE 

Most  of  these  addresses  and  essays 
are  immediate  in  their  value,  as  they  deal 
with  such  topics  as  the  initiative,  referen- 
dum, recall  of  judges,  and  constitutional 
amendments.     The    author    has    boldly 
presented  facts  and  advanced  arguments 
balanced    by   logic    and   understanding. 
The  volume  includes:  "As  to  Antholo- 
gies," "The  Origin  of  Certain  American- 
isms,"   and    "Diversions    of    a    Conva- 
lescent. " 

$1.50  net;  postage  extra 

Footings  for  Fait! 

By  WILLIAM  PIERSON  MERRILL,  Past 
Presbyterian  Church 
The  writing  of  this  volume  was  prompte 
influences,  mostly  produced  by  modern  scie 
brought  such  confusion  and  such  doubt  into 
cially  of  the  younger  people  of  to-day.   It  is  w 
ciation  of  the  bases  of  these  doubts  and  wit 
the  doubters. 
$1.00  net;  postage  extra 

Narratives  of  the  Insurr 
1675-1691 

Edited  by  PROFESSOR  C.  M.  ANDREW 
versity 
This  new  volume  in  the  Original  Narrative 
can  History  Series  is  in  some  respects  not  on 
esting  so  far  published,  but  the  most  histo 
to  an  American. 
$3.00  net;  postage  extra 

own  in  His 
i 

Fniversity 

of  the  most  illu- 
.  character.  In  it 
owth  of  the  Em- 
have  really  gone 
urse  he  has  taken 
of  his  own  office 

G< 

AN  A 
By  OSWALD  G 

This  timely  ar 
it  states  Germanj 
out  why  it  is  tha 
it  impossible  for 
Some  of  the  sugg 
Bay,"    "The    T\ 
Democracy,"  "T 

2r  many  Embattled  : 

\MERICAN  INTERPRETATION 

ARRISON  VlLLARD 

id  interesting  book  is  of  special  value,  because 
r's  case  with  extreme  fairness  before  pointing 
t  American  traditions  and  institutions  make 
most  Americans  to  take  her  side  in  the  war. 
estive  chapter  headings  are:     "Germany  at 
m    Germanys,  "    "German    Militarism    and 
he  Propaganda  in  America,"  etc. 
$1.00  net;  postage  extra 

Plays  by  Leonid 
Andreyeff 

"THE  LIFE  OF  MAN,"  "THE  SA- 
BINE  WOMEN,"   "THE  BLACK 

MASKERS" 
Translated  from  the  Russian,  with 
an     introduction     by     F.     N. 
SCOTT  and  C.  L.  MEADER 

This  is  the  authorized  translation  for 
the  first  time  into  English  of  three  plays 
by  the  greatest  of  living  Russian  dram- 
atists.    These  plays,  which  have  made 
Andreyeff's  fame  not  only  in  Russia  but 
throughout  Europe,  are  among  the  most 
important    and    profoundly    interesting 
productions  of  modern  times,  and  their 
publication   in   our   own  language   is   a 
literary  and  dramatic  event  of  the  first 
interest.                   $1.50  net;  postage  extra 

AMERICA 

AND  THE 

WORLD 
WAR 

By 

Theodore  Roosevelt 

"Among  all  the  books  on  the 
world  war  which  have  been 
issuing  from  the  presses  in  an 
unending  stream  since  it  began, 
this  is    the   one  that  concerns 
us  Americans  most  vitally."  — 
New  York  Tribune. 
75  cents  net;  postage  extra 

\ 
or  of  the  Brick 

d  by  the  various 
,nce,  which  have 
the  minds,  espe- 
•itten  with  appre- 
i  sympathy  with 

ections. 

s,  of  Yale  Uni- 

s  of  Early  Ameri- 
y  the  most  inter- 
rically  important 

The  Modern  City 

AND  ITS  PROBLEMS 
By  FREDERIC  C.  HOWE 

A  fresh  and  stimulating  study  of  the  modern  city  in  all  its 
phases  beginning  with  the  study  of  the  city  as  the  centre^  of 
civilization,  the  ancient  city  and  the  mediaeval  town,  and  taking 
up  the  relations  of  the  city  to  the  state,  the  questions  of 
municipal  home  rule,  the  city-  charter,  municipal  administra- 
tion in  Germany  and  Great  Britain,  etc. 
$1.50  net;  postage  extra 

The  Present  Military  Situation  in  the 
United  States 

By    FRANCIS    VINTON    GREENE,     Major-General 
U.  S.  V. 

A  statement  without  pessimism  or  any  alarmist  tendency 
of  the  extent  of  our  unpreparedness  and  of  the  perfectly  sane 
and  practicable  methods  of  meeting  it. 
75  cents  net;  postage  extra 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 

98 


THE    DIAL, 


Feb.  16 


Deep 

Sea 


Edition 

11  Volumes 


JOSEPH  CONRAD 

Bound  in  Sea  Blue  Limp 
Leather 

JUST  OUT 

A  SET  OF  SIX 

Contains:  Caspar  Ruiz,  The 
Informer,  The  Brute,  An  Anarchist, 
The  Duel,  II  Conde,  Of  The  Brute. 

New  York  "Times"  says: 

He  is  at  his  best  in  his  tale  of  the  sea  "The  Brute,"  a 
sailing-ship  that  tried  to  kill  her  man  on  every  voyage. 
He  must  be  a  benighted  landlubber  who  is  not  caught  by 
this  picture  of  a  strange  world  and  its  strange  ways. 

Other  Volume*  of  the  "Deep  Sea"  Edition 

ALMAYER'S  FOLLY,  AND  AN  OUTCAST 
OF  THE  ISLANDS 

Mr.  Conrad's  first  and  second  novels. 
"The  figures  in  these  books  live  for  us,  and  above  and 
beyond  them  are  the  power  of  presentment,  the  marvelous 
faculty  for  the  absolute  creation  of  atmosphere,  the  genius 
for  description."-  SIR  HUGH  CLIFFORD.  K.  C.  M.  G., 
in  the  North  American  Review. 

FALK.  Contains  "Falk,"  "Amy  Foster,"  and  "To-morrow." 
"  'Falk'  leaves  one  inclined  to  declare  that  the  writing 
of  that  one  story  would  be  sufficient  to  place  him  among 
the  immortals." — New  York  Times. 

TYPHOON 

"To  read  a  story  like  'Typhoon'  is  to  undergo  an  almost 
physical  experience.  It  is  unforgettable."— HILDEGARDE 
HAWTHORNE. 

ROMANCE  (With  FORD  MADOX  HUEFFER) 

"  'Romance'  is  indeed  a  work  of  blazing  imagination. 
It  is  a  sheer  novel  of  adventure,  and  the  glory  of  it  lies  in 
its  color  and  shifting  lights."—  RICHARD  CURLE,  in 
"Joseph  Conrad." 

CHANCE  Fifth  Large  Printing 
"  'Chance'  is  a  book  that  could  have  been  written  by 
no  one  but  a  master  —  a  book  which  it  is  well  nigh  a  duty 
for  every  lover  of  good  writing  to  read."  — BASIL  KING, 
author  of  "The  Inner  Shrine,"  etc. 

YOUTH  Contains  "Youth,"  "Heart  of  Darkness,"  and 
"The  End  of  the  Tether." 

"To  read  it  is  in  some  sense  to  live  again,  and  that,  I 
think,  is  the  highest  praise  that  can  be  laid  upon  a  work  of 
the  imagination."— HENRY  L.  MENCKEN. 

LORD  JIM 

"  'Lord  Jim'  is  the  greatest  psychological  study  of 
cowardice  that  I  have  ever  read."—  DAVID  BELASCO. 

THE  NIGGER  OF  THE  NARCISSUS 

A  Tale  of  the  Forecastle. 
Joseph  Conrad  says: 

"  This  is  the  book,  by_  which,  not  as  a  novelist  per- 
haps, but  as  an  artist  striving  for  the  utmost  sincerity  of 
expression,  I  am  willing  to  stand  or  fall." 

'TWIXT  LAND  AND  SEA 

Contains  "A  Smile  of  Fortune,"  "The  Secret  Sharer," 
"Freya  of  the  Seven  Isles." 

"Mr.  Conrad  has  never  painted  more  vivid  scenes  of 
nature  or  looked  more  deeply  into  the  hearts  of  his  charac- 
ters than  in  this  moving  book." — The  Outlook. 
Each  volume  $1.50  net 

DOUBLED  AY  PAGE  &  COMPANY 

GARDEN  CITY.  NEW  YORK 


An  Invaluable  Reference  Book  just 

issued  in  Lippincott's  Reader's 

Reference  Library 

Heroes  and  Heroines 
of  Fiction 

MODERN  PROSE  AND  POETRY 

Crown  8vo.      Half  Morocco,  gilt  top.  $3.00  net.       Postage  extra. 

By  WILLIAM  S.  WALSH 

In  this  invaluable  reference  book  Mr.  Walsh  has 
compiled  the  famous  characters  and  famous  names  in 
novels,  romances,  poems  and  dramas.  These  are 
classified,  analyzed  and  criticised  and  supplemented 
with  citations  from  the  best  authorities.  Much  infor- 
mation of  a  curious  and  unusual  kind  is  also  given. 
The  volume  makes  a  notable  addition  to  Mr.  Walsh's 
other  books,  "  Handy  Book  of  Curious  Information," 
"Curiosities  of  Popular  Customs, ' '  and ' '  Handy  Book 
of  Literary  Curiosities, "  and  the  Lippincott's  Reader's 
Reference  Library  of  which  they  form  a  part. 

Descriptive  Circular  Sent  on  Request 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS  PHILADELPHIA 


Harvard  Press  Books 

Chaucer  and  His  Poetry.    By  GEORGE 
LYMAN  KITTREDGE.     Litt.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of 

English  in  Harvard  University.  Svo.  Cloth.  230  pages .    $1.25  net. 

An  interpretation  of  Chaucer  as  a  humanist,  and 
therefore  significant  to  all  ages.  Prof.  Kittredge  has 
brought  to  it  the  full  mellowness  of  his  scholarship, 
and  a  lively  and  appreciative  humor  that  casts  many 
new  lights  on  the  greatest  of  English  narrative  poets. 

Mediaeval  Spanish  Allegory.    By 

CHANDLER  RATHFON  POST,  Ph.D.,  Assistant  Pro- 
fessor of  Greek  and  the  Fine  Arts  in  Harvard  University.  12mo. 
Cloth.  320  pages.  $2.25  net. 

The  development  of  Castilian  allegory  from  its 
appearance  in  the  vernacular  of  the  thirteenth  century 
to  its  culmination  in  the  fifteenth  showed  more  inde- 
pendence than  has  yet  been  recognized.  Among  the 
objects  of  this  volume  is  to  disprove  borrowing  from  the 
Italian  usually  attributed  to  Imperial  and  his  followers. 

The  Mary  Carleton  Narratives.   By 

ERNEST  BERNBAUM,  Ph.D.,  Instructor  in  English  in 
Harvard  University.  Sve.  Cloth.  106  pages.  $1.00  net. 

The  career  of  the  once  famous  adventuress,  Mary 
Carleton,  is  not  without  lively  human  interest  in 
itself;  but  the  especial  value  of  this  study  lies  in  its 
disclosure  that  her  supposed  biography  is  in  reality 
a  novel,  anticipating  the  journalistic  methods  of 
Daniel  Defoe.  This  discovery  explodes  the  doctrine 
that  the  art  of  serious  realistic  fiction  was  not  prac- 
ticed in  the  restoration  period. 

HARVARD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

CAMBRIDGE.  MASSACHUSETTS 


1915]  THE    DIAL,  99 

New  Books  of  Authentic  Importance 

THE  VALLEY  OF  FEAR  A  New  Sherlock  Holmes  story       By  A.  Conan  Doyle 

A  full-length  Sherlock  Holmes  novel,  half  of  it  laid  in  America.  Holmes's  detective  genius  solving  an  amazing 
murder  mystery;  Dr.  Watson  and  the  Baker  Street  rooms.  And  throughout  a  feature  which  makes  this  differ 
from  all  other  tales  of  Holmes. 

Ready  March  1st.     Color  illustrations  by  Arthur  I.  Keller;  color  jacket.     Net  $1.25 

RED  FLEECE  By  Will  Levington  Comfort 

Marching  with  the  Russian  advance  are  the  heroic  revolutionists,  nursing  the  sick,  urging  men  to  cease  firing, 
risking  summary  execution.  Among  them  was  a  white-browed  girl  who  showed  to  a  young  American  corre- 
spondent the  crime  of  war  and  the  glory  of  love.  Literature  that  stirs  with  noble  life. 

Ready  March  1st.     Picture  jacket  in  full  color.     Net  $1.25 

PATHS  OF  GLORY  By  Irvin  S.  Cobb 

Cobb  has  seen  the  glory  of  war,  the  impressiveness  of  the  big  guns,  and  the  German  columns,  but  with  eyes  of 
genius  he  has  seen  in  the  solemnity  of  stilled  trenches  and  villages  the  horror  of  war.  In  these  pictures  of  war 
which  the  whole  country  is  discussing  is  the  biggest  argument  for  Peace.  Picture  jacket  in  color.  Net  $1.50 

MUSHROOM  TOWN  By  Oliver  Onions 

A  beautifully  different  novel.  The  story  of  a  boom-town,  of  the  coming  of  mammoth  piers  and  Ferris  wheels  to 
a  dreaming  seashore  village,  evicting  the  gulls  and  the  dreams.  An  epic  of  the  Restless  Generation. 

Net  $1.25 

HERE'S  TO  THE  DAY! 

By  Charles  Agnew  Mac  Lean  and  Frank  Blighton 

A  thrilling  story  of  the  Great  War,  of  Zeppelins,  aeroplanes,  the  mist  of  gray-clad  men,  and  an  American  man 
and  girl  who  were  caught  in  the  hopper  of  death  and  had  to  escape  with  dramatic  pluck. 

Picture  jacket  in  color.     Net  $1.25 

THE  WOODEN  HORSE  By  Hugh  Walpole 

The  first  publication  in  America  of  one  of  the  most  charming  novels  by  the  distinguished  author  of  FORTITUDE] — • 
a  story  of  the  gray  cliffs  of  Cornwall,  the  haunted  moors,  and  the  surprise  brought  by  an  unrepentant  prodigal. 

Net  $1.25 

THE  VEILS  OF  ISIS  By  Frank  Harris 

Stories  brilliantly  executed,  sharply  dramatic,  with  strange  and  fascinating  backgrounds,  by  the  famous  author 
of  THE  BOMB.  Net  $1.25 

ARUNDEL  By  E.  F.  Benson 

With  the  wit  he  showed  in  DODO  and  a  greater  vision  of  the  power  of  love,  Mr.  Benson  tells  how  Edward,  the 
player  of  croquet,  padded  in  the  cotton  wool  of  comfort,  heard  the  roar  of  love's  flame  and  saw  a  miracle. 

Ready  March  1st.     Picture  jacket  in  color.     Net  $1.25 

THE  THEATRE  OF  IDEAS  Henry  Arthur  Jones 

A  burlesque  on  the  Peace  Movement  and  on  the  faddy  theatre  cults,  with  three  brilliantly  dramatic  plays;  a  book 
essential  to  all  theatre-goers.  Ready  March  1st.  Net  $1.00 

JAMES  By  W.  Dane  Bank 

The  frank  story  of  the  business  buccaneer.  "We  hasten  to  salute  a  writer  of  power  and  insight.  The  book, 
brief  but  pregnant,  flashes  a  life  story." — London  Daily  Mail.  Net  $1.25 

THE  MAGIC  TALE  OF  HARVANGER  AND  YOLANDE    By  G.  P.  Baker 

A  silver-wrought  fantasy  of  mediaeval  towers  and  love's  pilgrimage. 

End-papers  and  jacket  in  color.    Net  $1.35 

WHY  •  AM  A  SOCIALIST  By  Charles  Edward  Russell 

New  edition  with  an  important  new  authoritative  chapter:     "Socialism  and  the  Great  War."  Net  $0.50 

NEIGHBOURS  By  Herbert  Kaufman 

A  revelation  of  the  people  one  forgets  in  car  and  home  and  office.  Net  $0.75 

GEORGE  H.  DORAN  COMPANY  38  W.  32nd  St.  NEW  YORK 

Publishers         in         America        for         HODDER        &         STOUGHTON 


100 


THE    DIAL 


[  Feb.  16,  1915 


New  and  Forthcoming  Macmillan  Books 

New  Fiction,  Poetry  and  Drama 

H.  G.  Well*'  a  New  Novel 

Robert  and  Elizabeth  B.  Browning's  New  Book 

BEALBY 

NEW  POEMS 

By  H.  G.  WELLS.     Mr.  Wells's  new  story  of  an 

By  ROBERT  and  ELIZABETH  B.  BROWNING. 

ambitious  boy,  as  delightful  and  humorous  as  his 

Edited  by  Sir  F.  G.  Kenyon.     Twenty-nine  poems 

previous  novel,  "The  Wife  of  Sir  Isaac  Harman.  " 

by    Robert    Browning    and    six    poems    by    Mrs. 

Ready  in  March.     $1.33 

Browning  not  hitherto  published.     Two  portraits. 

Eden  Phillpotts  '»  New  Novel 

$1.25 

Rabindranath  Tagore's  New  Booh 

BRUNEL'S  TOWER 

SONGS  OF  KABIR 

By  EDEN  PHILLPOTTS.     The  interesting  story 
of   a    regenerated    character,    probably    the    most 
notable  novel  of  the  author  of  "Faith  Tresilion,"  etc. 

By  RABINDRANATH  TAGORE.      Sympathetic 
versions  of  the  spiritual  songs  of  the  great  Hindu 
reformer.     One  of  Mr.   Tagore's  most  important 

Ready  in  March.     $1.50 

books.                                                                         $i  2  ? 

Arthur  Stringer's  New  Novel 

John  Masefield't  New  Book 

THE  HAND  OF  PERIL 

PHILIP  THE  KING 

By    ARTHUR    STRINGER.     A    good    detective 
story  with  an  unusual  theme  and  involved  situa- 

And Other  Poems 

tions  developed  with  consummate  skill. 

By  JOHN   MASEFIELD.        "Impressive  drama, 

Ready  in  March.     $1.35 

powerful  verse,  including  the  finest  poem  inspired 

St.  John  G.  Ervine'g  New  Novel 

in  England  by  the  war.  "                                         $1.25 

MRS.  MARTIN'S  MAN 

Fannie  Stearns  Davis'  s  New  Book 

CRACK  O'  DAWN 

By  ST.  JOHN  G.  ERVINE.     "Mrs.  Martin  is  a 
singularly  original,  absolutely  alive  and  satisfying 
woman,  whose  acquaintance  everyone  should  make." 
$i-35 

By  FANNIE  STEARNS  DAVIS   (Mrs.  A.  McK. 
Giflord).     A  new  book  of  poems  by  the  author  of 
"  Myself  and  I,"  distinguished  by  melody  and  beauty 

Ernest  Poole's  New  Novel 

of  expression.                                                             $1.25 

THE  HARBOR 

Alice  Brown's  f  10,000  Play 

By  ERNEST  POOLE.     A  stirring  story  of  New 

CHILDREN  OF  EARTH 

York  harbor  and  city  life,  of  social  and  industrial 

By    ALICE    BROWN.     "The    $10,000    American 

development.                                                          $1.40 

Play   selected   from   thousands   submitted   in   the 

'  Ames  '  Competition  ...  A  charming,  unusual,  New 

James  Stephens  's  New  Book 

England  story.  "                                                        $1.25 

SONGS  FROM  THE  CLAY 

Israel  Zangwill's  New  Play 

By  JAMES  STEPHENS.     A  new   book  of  verse 

PLASTER  SAINTS 

by  the  author  of  "Insurrections,"  "The  Crock  of 

By  ISRAEL   ZANGWILL.     A   powerful  play   of 

Gold,"  etc.     "Original,  varied,  with  a  keen  sense 

English  modern  provincial  life  by  the  author  of 

of  humor.  "                                                                 $1.25 

"The   Melting  Pot."                          Ready  in  March. 

New  Books  on  Education,  Philosophy  and  Religion 

EDUCATION  THROUGH  PLAY 

THE  RISE  of  MODERN  RELIGIOUS  IDEAS 

By.  H.   S.  CURTIS.     An  expert  consideration  of 
the  educational  value  of  play  by  the  former  Secre- 
tary of  the  Playground  Association  of  America. 

By  ARTHUR  C.  McGIFFERT.     A  valuable,  in- 
teresting, exposition  of  the  origin,  development  and 
influence  of  religious  thought.                                £1.50 

Illustrated.     $1.50 

MODERN  RELIGIOUS  MOVEMENTS 

SCHOOL  DISCIPLINE 

IN  INDIA 

By  W.  CHANDLER  BAGLEY.     An  authoritative 
treatment    of    school    management    denning    the 

By  J.  N.  FARQUHAR.     A  comprehensive  survey 
of  present-day  religious  tendencies  in  India. 

IllustTdtcd      $2  50 

definite  purpose  of  discipline.                             $1.25 

THE  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 

THE  LESSON  IN  APPRECIATION 

Its  Faith  and  Order 

By  F.  H.  HAYWARD.    An  interesting  presentation 
of  ideas  in  teaching  literature,  art  and  music. 

By  GEORGE  HODGES.    Dean  Hodges's  valuable 
manual  of  information  on  Episcopalian  doctrine  and 

Ready  this  week. 

discipline.                                                                   $1.25 

PRINCIPLES  of  SECONDARY  EDUCATION 

THE  RECONSTRUCTION  of  THE  CHURCH 

With  Regard  to  its  Message  and  Program 

Edited  by  PAUL  MONROE,  Ph.D.     Written  by 

By   PAUL    MOORE    STRAYER.     Dr.    Strayer's 

specialists,  and  covering  the  whole  field  of  secondary 

lucid  plan  for  the  efficient  modernization  of  the 

education,  its  purposes  and  its  problems.        $1.90 

Church's  spiritual  message.                                   $1.50 

New  Books  on  Politics,  Economics  and  Commerce 

THE  PANAMA  CANAL  AND 

THE  WORLD  WAR 

INTERNATIONAL  TRADE  COMPETITION 

By    LINCOLN    HUTCHINSON.     An    important 
work  on  the  economic  and  commercial  relations  of 

By  ELBERT  FRANCIS  BALDWIN.     "The  one, 
indispensable,  unbiassed  book  on  the  real  causes  of 
the  Great  War  from  the  viewpoints  of  each  nation 
involved.  "                                                                  $1.25 

the  two  great  connected  trade  areas.                   $i-75 

AN  INTRODUCTION  TO 

ANCIENT  CIVILIZATION 

THE  STUDY  OF  GOVERNMENT 

By  ROSCOE  LEWIS  ASHLEY.     An  interesting 

By  LIEUT.  -COL.  L.  H.  HOLT.     An  expert  study 

work  of  ready  reference  for  the  student  and  general 
reader  on  civilization  from  the  earliest  periods  of 

course  on  the  principles  of  political  science  with 
illustrations  from  our  own  and  foreign  governments. 

history.                                                                       $1.20                                                                                               $2.00 

PUBLISHED  AT      HTIJI7    MATMTI  1  AN  COMPANY  ON  SALE  WHEREVER 

64-66  5th  AVE.,  N.  Y.      *  *ld    lVl/\VxlVll  J-jLi/\m    ^V-flVir/A.!^   I        BOOKS  ARE  SOLD 

THE  DIAL 

&fittt''i!H0nt!)l2  Journal  of  Satoatg  Criticism,  Etgcussion,  an*  Enformatton. 


THE  DIAL  (founded  in  1880)  is  published  on  the  1st  and 
16th  of  each  month.  TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIPTION,  $2.  a  year  in 
advance,  postage  prepaid  in  the  United  States  and  Mexico; 
Foreign  and  Canadian  postage  50  cents  per  year  extra,  RE- 
MITTANCES should  be  by  check,  or  by  express  or  postal  order, 
payable  to  THE  DIAL.  Unless  otherwise  ordered,  subscrip- 
tions will  begin  with  the  current  number.  When  no  direct 
request  to  discontinue  at  expiration  of  subscription  is  re- 
ceived, it  is  assumed  that  a  continuance  of  the  subscription  is 
desired.  ADVERTISING  RATES  furnished  on  application. 
Published  by  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY. 
632  So.  Sherman  St.,  Chicago. 


Entered  as  Second-Class  Matter  October  8,  1892,  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  under  Act  of  March  3,  1879. 

Vol.  LVIII.    FEBRUARY  16,  1915        No.  688 


PAGE 

THE  THREE-PLY  THREAD  OF  LIFE.     Charles 

Leonard  Moore 101 

CASUAL  COMMENT 103 

Poetry  and  efficiency. —  A  plea  for  library 
support. —  Battles  and  books. —  A  generous 
benefaction  to  arts  and  letters. —  A  broad- 
gauge  periodical. —  Aids  to  culture. —  Lit- 
erary likings  of  the  serious  Vermonters. — 
Humors  of  the  advertising  page. —  An  edito- 
rial retrospect. —  Lumber-camp  libraries  for 
Wisconsin. —  The  increasing  cost  of  culture. 

COMMUNICATIONS 106 

"  German  "  and  ."American."     Wallace  Bice. 
"  Literary "    versus    "  Commercial  "    Drama. 
Helen  McAfee. 

A    SOLDIER-SURGEON'S    REMINISCENCES. 

Percy  F.  Bicknell 109 

ART  AND  HISTORY.    H.  M.  Kallen    V  ^''  ;;;  .  Ill 

SOME    AMERICAN    DISSENTERS.      Frederic 

Austin  Ogg 114 

IN  ARCTIC  LANDS  FORLORN.     Lawrence  J. 

Burpee 117 

RECENT  FICTION.    Lucian  Gary     .....  118 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS  ...  .> 120 

M.  Maeterlinck  on  subliminal  phenomena. — 
Farming  as  the  finest  of  professions. —  The 
war  as  a  prelude  to  a  nobler  era. —  Health  in 
its  social  aspects  and  significance. —  Varied 
aspects  of  American  public  life. — A  camera 
actress  in  West  Africa. —  Talks  on  life  and 
character  by  a  college  president. 

NOTES 122 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS    .  .  123 


THE  THREE-PLY  THEE  AD  OF  LIFE. 

Mankind  is  always  within  six  months  of 
starvation,  and  therefore  it  must  work  —  that 
is,  act.  And  when  it  gets  a  day  off  and  turns 
to  play  it  generally  chooses  a  play  of  action. 
Action  is  as  universal  as  the  casing  air.  .  And 
this  action, —  the  action  of  stokers  and  steve- 
dores, of  locomotive  firemen  and  ironworkers, 
of  doctors  facing  contagious  disease  or  lawyers 
fighting  graft  and  injustice,  of  women  in 
childbirth  or  the  charge  of  families,- — is  full 
of  heroism  and  dignity.  Nine-tenths  of  us, 
probably,  deserve  the  Iron,  Cross.  But  the 
decoration  would  have  no  value  if  so  profusely 
bestowed.  We  have  to  have  representatives  in 
glory.  Real  distinction  in  the  active  life  is 
only  for  the  chosen  of  a  few  favored  classes. 

Thucydides,  describing  the  return  of  Bra- 
sidas,  the  Spartan  general, ,  after  a  victorious 
expedition,  says:  "He  was  received  almost  as 
if  he  had  been  an  athlete. ' '  "We  suppose  that 
the  player  who  kicks  a  goal  or  makes  a  home 
run  does  receive  applause  more  tumultuous 
and  dizzying  than  falls  to  the  lot  of  any  other 
mortal.  But  the  fame  of  a  Brasidas  is  rather 
more  permanent.  Of  all  men  of  action,  in- 
deed, the  final  and  most  satisfying  -award  goes 
to  the  soldier.  Statues  are  erected  for  them, 
histories  are  written  around  them,  they  live  in 
legend  and  the  memory  of  the  people.  The 
world  recognizes  that  they  risk  more  than  other 
men,  and  as  a  rule  from  more  unselfish  mo- 
tives. Generals  of  course  do  not  to-day  lead 
picturesque  charges ;  but  before  they  get  to  be 
generals  they  have  to  chance  their  lives  again 
and  again.  They  are  the  most  concentrated 
examples  of  that  heroism  which  is  the  ideal  -of 
the  race.  Explorers,  discoverers,  pioneers  of 
various  kinds,  deserve  to  and  do  attract  the 
admiration  of  mankind. 

Statesmen  are  far  less  deep  in  our  affec- 
tions. For  one  thing  their  actions  are  not  so 
open  and  straightforward.  They  mine  like 
moles  in  the  dark.  For  another  thing,  they  are 
a  protected  class,  and  do  not  much  risk  life  or 
limb.  But  they  have  great  issues  in  their 
hands,  and  genius  and  devotion  will  make 
their  memories  sacred.  Opportunity,  how- 
ever, plays  a  great  part  in  their  success.  We 


102 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  16 


are  all  potentially  politicians.  Probably  every 
third  man  one  meets  on  Broadway  or  Chestnut 
street  would  make  a  tolerably  decent  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States.  As  they  say  of 
Hamlet,  the  part  plays  itself.  The  nation 
speaks  and  acts  through  its  representative. 

It  is  a  mere  truism  to  say  that  the  men  of 
action  are  the  servants  of  the  men  of  thought. 
The  contemplators,  the  meditative  minds,  are 
the  real  dynamos  that  move  the  world.  They 
are  the  earthquakes,  the  volcanoes,  which 
every  now  and  then  break  up  the  crust  of 
formulas  that  is  always  tending  to  thicken 
over  human  life.  Gautama,  profoundly  dis- 
satisfied with  his  palace  and  his  princeship, 
puts  on  the  yellow  robe,  takes  up  the  begging 
bowl,  and  becomes  a  guide  to  a  quarter  of  the 
human  race.  Christ,  born  in  a  manger,  con- 
fronts the  Roman  Empire,  and  in  time  it  van- 
ishes before  him.  Socrates,  amid  the  most 
brilliant  civilization  the  world  has  ever  known, 
starts  questionings  about  the  soul  and  the  good 
of  life  which  after  a  while  tumble  that  civ- 
ilization down.  Luther  looks  at  the  Roman 
Catholic  creation  of  Europe  and  sees  that  it  is 
not  good,  and  it  is  shaken  by  his  breath.  Rous- 
seau sees  the  horror  of  the  ancien  regime  and 
finds  watchwords  and  formulas  for  the  new 
age.  The  latest  example  of  a  thinker's  power 
has  been  so  much  discussed  that  it  is  hardly 
worth  while  to  advert  to  it,  except  to  say  that 
it  is  a  revolt  against  Rousseau's  revolt.  The 
doctrines  of  liberty  and  equality  had  been  car- 
ried so  far  that  it  seemed  to  him  time  for  the 
ideas  of  rule  and  superiority  to  assert  them- 
selves. 

All  these  thinkers  drew  after  them  vast 
agitations,  changes,  revolutions.  Probably 
more  than  half  the  wars  which  the  historic 
world  has  known  can  be  directly  traced  to 
them  or  their  like.  The  struggles  between  the 
Eastern  and  Western  Roman  Empire,  the 
Mohammedan  invasions,  the  Crusades,  the 
Thirty  Years'  War,  the  French  Revolution  and 
Napoleonic  Wars,  all  these  conflicts  and  many 
more  received  their  impetus  from  thinkers 
who  desired  only  the  good  of  man. 

And  undoubtedly  they  have  wrought  his 
good.  The  clash  of  ideas  and  ideals  has  kept 
humanity  fluid.  Even  if  it  could  be  cast  in  a 
mould  of  perfection,  that  would  only  be  a  liv- 
ing death.  But  full  of  imperfection  as  it  is, 
too  much  rest  means  decay  and  degeneration. 
If  the  ocean  were  still  it  would  stagnate ;  but 
the  winds  and  waves  that  send  ships  to  the 


bottom,   and  eat  away  the  confining  coasts, 
keep  the  waters  salt  and  sweet. 

The  thinkers,  then,  are  at  once  destroyers 
and  saviors.  The  destruction  they  work  is  so 
frightful  that  men  instinctively  sense  them, 
before  their  theories  get  into  operation,  and 
offer  them  the  cross,  the  hemlock,  the  prison 
cell.  If  they  escape  these  things  it  is  because 
they  seem  so  harmless  that  their  fellows  think 
them  of  no  account.  Mrs.  Darwin  once  called 
her  cook  into  consultation  to  provide  some 
dainty  to  tempt  her  husband's  appetite,  which 
was  failing.  "Begging  your  pardon,  Mum, 
but  if  Mr.  Darwin  would  do  a  little  work  he 
would  have  an  appetite. "  ' '  But  Mr.  Darwin 
does  work,"  objected  her  mistress.  "Him 
work ! ' '  said  the  cook.  ' '  Why,  I  see  him  with 
my  own  eyes  this  morning  sitting  for  two 
hours  in  the  garden,  looking  at  an  anthill." 
The  only  work  Darwin  did  was  to  tear  down 
the  dam-wall  of  tradition  and  let  out  on  the 
world  a  ravaging,  but  possibly  a  fertilizing, 
flood. 

But  we  cannot  be  soldiers  in  the  war  of  ideas 
all  the  time.  We  must  have  rest,  recreation, 
happiness.  There  must  come  halcyon  days, 
hours  of  charm  and  effortless  exaltation.  And 
that  is  what  the  creative  minds  give  us. 
Theirs  is  an  almost  flawless  bestowal.  Shake- 
speare does  not  declare  war,  Rembrandt  does 
not  bombard  cathedrals,  Beethoven  does  not 
starve  out  populations.  They  give  us  the  keys 
to  another  world, —  a  world  enough  like  ours 
to  be  intelligible  to  us,  but  fairer,  more  glo- 
rious, more  perfect,  and  infinitely  more  amus- 
ing. And  our  residence  in  that  world  is  not 
merely  a  refined  kind  of  lotus-eating,  which 
lifts  us  up  as  gods  for  the  moment  only  to  drop 
us  back  on  the  hard  stones  of  reality ;  it  is  not 
only  "the  world's  sweet  inn  of  rest  from 
troublesome  annoy";  no, —  it  is  a  school  of 
virtue.  The  precepts  of  the  prophets  do  not 
really  do  us  as  much  good  as  the  examples  of 
the  poets.  The  great,  the  magnificent,  the 
lovely,  are  there  for  us  to  admire  and  imitate ; 
and  the  evil,  the  horrible,  the  grotesque,  are 
there  for  us  to  avoid  or  laugh  at.  All  art  must 
have  its  shadow  to  make  its  light  stand  out. 
The  deeper  the  shadow  the  more  vivid  the 
light ;  but  it  is  the  light  which  attracts. 

Being  so  rich  and  almost  blameless  in  their 
gifts  to  man,  one  should  think  that  the  poets 
in  words  and  sounds  and  colors  and  forms 
would  be  welcomed,  or  at  least  would  escape 
being  stoned  as  the  prophets  are.  But  the 


1915] 


103 


generality  of  them  are  starved  in  life  and  pur- 
sued with  malignant  rancor  after  death. 
What  fables  are  existent  about  Shakespeare 
and  Moliere!  What  pitiful  picayune  gossip 
about  Coleridge  and  Shelley  and  Poe  and  Car- 
lyle!  The  eternal  whipper-snapper  is  like 
Gulliver  perched  upon  the  shoulder  of  Glum- 
dalclitch,  and  only  sees  rugosities  and  sores  in 
what  to  equal  eyes  is  the  complexion  of  health 
and  goodness.  The  hand  of  mediocrity  gravi- 
tates inevitably  towards  the  mud.  Anything 
shining  only  attracts  it  as  a  target.  The 
scandal-mongers  ought  to  have  their  mouths 
washed  out  with  soap  and  an  odorless  excava- 
tor put  to  work  on  their  minds. 

It  is  a  three-ply  existence  which  we  possess, 
and  we  ought  not  to  follow  exclusively  any  one 
of  the  strands.  Absolute  devotion  to  the  active 
life  brings  us  out  at  a  pretty  low  level  of  intel- 
ligence. The  contemplative  mood  is  divorced 
from  practicality,  and  is  likely  to  make  us 
persecute  and  kill  one  another  because  of  dif- 
ferences of  opinion  on  points  of  theology  or 
about  the  summum  bonum.  We  can  lose  our- 
selves in  art;  but  there,  too,  we  get  out  of 
touch  with  reality,  and  lacking  knowledge  of 
the  world  will  not  even  know  what  is  good  art. 
The  wise  thing  is  to  exercise  all  our  facul- 
ties; but  unfortunately  in  order  to  do  any- 
thing important  we  must  concentrate.  We 
must  save  all  our  oil  for  one  lamp.  Hence  the 
men  of  action  will  continue  to  persecute  the 
prophets  whom  sooner  or  later  they  must  obey ; 
and  both  will  brush  aside  the  creative  artists 
who  do  the  least  harm,  and  who  add  some- 
thing of  permanent  value  to  the  common  stock 


of  the  world. 


CHARLES  LEONARD  MOORE. 


CASUAL  COMMENT. 


POETRY  AND  EFFICIENCY  —  dare  we  name  the 
two  in  the  same  breath,  or  even  on  the  same 
day?  And  will  the  poet  and  his  dream  ever 
be  subjected  to  the  indignity  of  the  efficiency 
test,  ever  be  brought  so  low  as  to  have  their 
efficiency  curve  plotted  by  some  efficiency  ex- 
pert? Heaven  forbid!  Yet  in  these  days 
when  economics,  linguistics,  ethics,  and  even 
politics,  are  being  brought  into  line  with 
mathematics  and  the  other  exact  sciences,  can 
one  hope  that  poetics  will  escape  the  general 
doom  ?  Already,  if  we  mistake  not,  some  ambi- 
tious candidate  for  a  Ph.D.  degree  has  devoted 
a  laborious  thesis  to  the  discovery  of  an  alge- 
braic formula  that  shall  express  the  degree  of 
emotional  effectiveness  in  any  given  piece  of 


poetry.  A  keen  observer  of  the  spread  of  effi- 
ciency standards  in  all  departments  of  human 
activity  gave  an  address,  not  devoid  of  humor, 
before  a  recent  gathering  of  educators.  From 
this  address,  now  printed  in  "The  School 
Review,"  a  brief  passage  is  pertinent  here. 
Professor  Fred  Newton  Scott  is  the  speaker. 
"In  every  field  of  knowledge  —  in  economics, 
in  psychology,  in  linguistics,  in  sociology,  in 
ethics,  in  short  in  all  the  looser- woven  'ics' 
and  'ologies'  —  somebody  is  setting  the  screws 
a  little  harder.  In  every  one  of  these  depart- 
ments of  instruction  some  stern,  wall-eyed 
thinker,  rising  stiffly  and  frowning  upon  his 
shamefaced  colleagues,  has  announced  that  in 
his  book  or  brochure  or  syllabus  the  subject 
has  at  last  been  elevated  to  the  status  of  mathe- 
matics, physics,  chemistry,  and  astronomy. 
Nay,  even  in  such  irresponsible,  Ariel-like 
subjects  as  literature,  music,  and  the  arts  gen- 
erally, the  same  motive  is  seen  at  work. 
Within  the  past  few  years  a  book  by  the 
brother  of  an  eminent  scientist,  himself  a 
scientist  of  some  note,  professes  to  have  raised 
to  the  dignity  of  an  exact  science  the  whole 
subject  of  poetry."  This  evidently  refers  to 
Mr.  Hudson  Maxim's  work,  "The  Science  of 
Poetry  and  the  Philosophy  of  Language." 
But  it  is  not  too  much  to  hope  that  the  Ariel- 
like  spirit  of  poetry  will  not  be  found  to  have 
been  caught  and  imprisoned  for  all  time 
within  the  definitions  and  rules  of  that  scien- 
tific treatise. 

•    •    • 

A  PLEA  FOR  LIBRARY  SUPPORT  is  put  f  Orth  in 

what  should  prove  an  eloquently  persuasive 
form  by  the  administrative  officers  of  the  Chi- 
cago Public  Library.  It  brings  to  prominent 
notice  some  significant  facts  not  very  credita- 
ble to  those  who  have  the  apportionment  of  the 
city's  annual  income.  Spending  last  year  only 
1.26  per  cent  of  its  total  tax  receipts  on  its 
public  library,  while  in  the  same  period  it 
spent,  wisely  enough,  nearly  fifty  per  cent  on 
its  schools,  Chicago  is  found  to  rank,  in  respect 
to  library  support,  with  cities  having  approxi- 
mately only  one  quarter  of  its  population  and 
area.  In  other  words,  Boston  and  Cleveland, 
in  proportion  to  their  size,  are  four  times  as 
liberal  in  their  treatment  of  their  public 
libraries.  But  even  with  its  present  inade- 
quate resources  the  Chicago  institution  man- 
ages to  take  no  lower  than  second  place,  among 
our  ten  largest  cities,  in  its  circulation  of 
books  and  in  the  number  of  library-users. 
The  number  of  volumes  that  it  owns,  however, 
places  it  third  in  a  similar  scale  of  rank,  while 
in  the  number  of  volumes  per  inhabitant  it 
stands  at  the  foot,  and  in  the  per  capita  cost 
of  its  library  service,  under  the  present  parsi- 


104 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  16 


monious  policy,  it  holds  the  same  unenviable 
position.  In  its  number  of  branch  library 
buildings  the  city  likewise  leads  the  class  at 
the  lower  end.  The  shame  of  Chicago  may  be 
stated  in  still  other  and  more  definite  terms,  if 
the  foregoing  be  not  humiliating  enough.  In 
a  table  of  annual  per  capita  expenditures  for 
library  purposes  embracing  the  same  ten  larg- 
est cities,  we  find  Pittsburg  heading  the  list 
with  fifty- three  cents  for  each  inhabitant,  Bos- 
ton following  as  a  close  second  with  fifty-one 
cents.  New  York  coming  fifth  with  thirty- 
three  cents,  and  the  metropolis  of  the  middle 
West  contenting  itself  with  the  last  place  and 
an  expenditure  of  but  fifteen  cents  for  each 
member  of  its  population.  The  whole  situa- 
tion is  put  graphically  before  one.  by  means  of 
diagrams  with  accompanying  figures,  in  the 
printed  appeal  referred  to  above.  It  ought  to 
succeed  in  starting  something,  to  the  benefit  of 
the  third  largest  public  library  in  America 
and  its  long-suffering  users. 
•  •  • 

BATTLES  AND  BOOKS  represent  two  very  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  human  activity — so  different, 
in  fact,  as  to  be  mutually  antagonistic.  Nev- 
ertheless, as  is  shown  by  the  "Publishers' 
Circular"  in  a  review  of  England's  book-pro- 
duction for  the  year  recently  closed,  it  is  not 
impossible  for  a  powerful  nation  to  carry  on 
warfare  and  publication  at  the  same  time. 
For  the  twelve  months  there  was  a  decrease  of 
less  than  seven  per  cent,  as  compared  with  the 
preceding  twelve  months,  in  book-publishing, 
or  a  fall  from  12,379  to  11,537;  and  in  the 
rather  panicky  months  just  after  the  outbreak 
of  hostilities  the  difference  was  not  so  great  as 
might  have  been  expected.  August  produced 
427  books,  against  703  in  August,  1913 ;  Sep- 
tember 853  instead  of  the  1203  in  the  same 
month  of  1913;  and  October  rallied  to  the 
extent  of  1244,  not  a  serious  decrease  from 
the  1696  of  the  year  before.  November's 
record  exactly  equalled  that  of  November, 
1913,  and  December  exceeded  by  135  the  num- 
ber credited  to  the  last  month  of  the  preceding 
year.  Significant  of  the  seriousness  of  men's 
minds  in  these  trying  days  is  the  increase  of 
religious  books,  from  889  to  969,  in  the  British 
book-trade  of  1914  as  compared  with  1913. 
Perhaps  there  is  an  equally  obvious  signifi- 
cance in  the  lessened  production  of  philosophi- 
cal works  — 179  as  compared  with  280  —  a 
partial  exclusion  of  German-made  philosophy 
being  probably  responsible  for  some  of  this 
decrease.  Sociological  discussion  seems  also 
to  have  been  somewhat  restricted,  the  fine  arts 
are  not  quite  so  flourishing,  travel  falls  off  a 
little,  and  even  biography  wanes  —  all,  pre- 
sumably, on  account  of  the  war.  On  the  other 


hand,  however,  a  new  department  of  literature 
is  admitted  to  the  statistical  tables,  a  depart- 
ment of  naval  and  military  works,  which  cer- 
tainly owes  its  present  prominence  to  the 
existing  belligerent  state  of  Europe.  Four 
hundred  and  two  books  are  classed  under  this 
new  head,  and  many  of  them  have  had  large 
sales.  It  would  be  interesting  now  to  learn 
what  effect  the  war  has  had  on  the  book-trade 
of  Germany,  hitherto  the  foremost  of  book- 
producing  nations. 

•    •    • 

A  GENEROUS  BENEFACTION  TO  ARTS  AND  LET- 
TERS comes  to  public  notice  in  Mr.  Archer  M. 
Huntington  's  gift  of  a  site,  in  upper  Manhat- 
tan, for  a  building  to  serve  as  a  home  for  the 
American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Letters  and 
the  National  Institute  of  Arts  and  Letters. 
The  situation  is  suitable  though  not,  to  an 
architect,  ideal.  It  is  at  Broadway  and  155th 
and  156th  streets,  where  other  learned  socie- 
ties have  their  habitations,  and  where  there- 
fore the  openness  of  space  requisite  to  give 
dignity  to  a  fine  building  is  lacking.  The 
Hispanic  Society,  the  Numismatic  Society, 
and  the  Geographical  Society  are  already  here 
installed,  and  their  presence  will  help  to  coun- 
teract the  less  dignified  aspect  of  the  monster 
apartment  houses  that  hem  in  the  proposed 
site  on  two  sides.  How  to  erect  something 
less  than  a  sky-scraper  that  shall  not  be 
dwarfed  by  these  pretentious  rookeries  will 
be  a  problem  for  the  resourceful  architect  to 
wrestle  with.  A  brief  backward  glance  shows 
interestingly  at  this  time  that  the  Institute 
will  ere  long  be  rounding  out  its  second 
decade,  having  come  into  existence  in  1898, 
while  the  Academy,  its  offspring,  has  six  fewer 
years  of  useful  activity  to  its  credit.  Of  the 
original  seven  chosen  by  the  Institute  as  a 
nucleus  to  the  proposed  Academy,  Mr.  How- 
ells,  the  Academy's  President,  is  the  only  one 
now  living,  Clemens,  Stedman,  Hay,  Saint- 
Gaudens,  and  La  Farge  having  all  paid  their 
debt  to  nature.  Our  Immortals,  it  will  be 
noted,  number  fifty,  and  not  forty;  but  our 
Academy  embraces  all  the  arts,  whereas  the 
French  Academy  is,  ostensibly  at  least,  one  of 
letters.  Our  Academy  will,  in  its  proposed 
home,  front  no  River  Seine,  have  as  an  ap- 
proach no  Pont  des  Arts,  but  it  is  always  pos- 
sible that  it  will  build  more  stately  mansions 
as  the  swift  seasons  roll. 

•    •    • 

A  BROAD-GAUGE  PERIODICAL,  representing 
what  at  first  might  be  regarded  as  a  rather 
narrow  range  of  interests,  but  which  is  easily 
demonstrated  to  be  the  very  reverse  of  narrow, 
is  "The  Newarker,"  now  widely  and  favor- 
ably known  as  ' '  the  house  organ  of  the  Newark 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


105 


Free  Public  Library."  A  recent  issue,  con- 
taining articles  on  civic  beauty,  clay  and  its 
uses,  old  New  Jersey  pottery,  and  other  sub- 
jects less  distantly  related  to  library  work,  has 
also  an  editorial  utterance  in  able  and  ener- 
getic defence  of  the  periodical's  liberal  policy 
in  relation  to  printable  matter.  So  admirable 
in  its  make-up  (its  typography,  paper,  illus- 
trations, and  general  attractiveness)  is  "The 
Newarker,"  that  one  is  glad  to  aid  in  giving 
further  currency  to  its  editor's  enlightened 
views  in  respect  to  library  publications.  Of 
his  own  monthly  periodical  he  truly  says  that 
it  "does  not  to  most  libraries  look  like  the 
publication  of  a  library,  its  organ  and  pro- 
moter. This  is  because  most  libraries  do  not 
realize  that  a  new  day  of  print  is  upon  us; 
that  their  books  and  journals  may  continue  to 
be  used  to  '  broaden, '  to  '  uplift, '  to  '  spiritual- 
ize,' to  entertain,  to  refresh  and  to  wait  upon 
scholarship,  and  yet  may  at  the  same  time  be 
useful  to  the  tinker,  the  tailor,  the  candle- 
stick-maker, the  brick-layer,  the  salesman  and 
the  farmer,  in  their  homely  tasks  of  earning  a 
living,  finding  a  market  and  cheapening  their 
products.  .  .  .  THE  NEWARKER  goes  against 
library  traditions  in  the  things  which  it 
prints,"  as  the  briefest  glance  at  its  varied 
pages  will  show ;  and  this  is  well,  for  perhaps 
there  is  no  set  of  traditions  that  can  so  well 
endure  a  little  courageous  smashing  as  the 
traditions  of  the  public  library. 
•  •  • 

AIDS  TO  CULTURE,  of  a  less  doubtful  efficacy 
than  modern  warfare,  received  timely  con- 
sideration the  other  day  from  Professor  Henri 
Liehtenberger,  Harvard  exchange  professor, 
at  the  third  meeting  of  the  Alliance  Franchise 
in  Boston.  European  culture  was  his  theme, 
which  he  admitted  might  be  thought  a  rather 
inopportune  subject  to  discuss  at  this  time 
when  national  sentiment  and  national  ideals 
are  so  predominant  over  any  larger  and  more 
inclusive  conceptions.  But  even  now  the 
European  nations  are  betraying  their  uneasy 
consciousness  of  not  being,  any  one  of  them, 
wholly  sufficient  unto  itself.  The  belligerent 
states  thirst  for  the  approval  of  their  neutral 
neighbors.  Among  the  factors  contributing 
to  a  more  enlightened  European  culture  the 
speaker  named  the  development  of  rational 
science,  whether  historical  or  natural,  to  which 
all  large  universities  lend  a  helping  hand,  and 
the  promotion  of  a  higher  civilization  through 
commerce.  Stress  was  laid  upon  the  need  of 
developing  a  European  spirit,  as  distinct  from 
a  national  spirit.  Why  not  aim  rather  at  a 
cosmopolitan  spirit  and  a  world  culture? 
Asiatic  and  European  ideals  are  sure  to  clash 
if  each  continent  remains  content  to  develop  a 


culture  exclusively  adapted  to  its  own  tastes 
and  needs.  In  violent  contrast  with  the 
French  savant's  liberal  programme  for  all 
Europe  stands  the  recent  utterance  of  a  Prus- 
sian publicist,  Herr  Maximilian  Harden,  who 
makes  bold  to  declare:  "We  do  not  stand 
before  the  judgment  seat  of  Europe.  We 
acknowledge  no  such  jurisdiction.  Our  might 
shall  create  a  new  law  in  Europe.  It  is  Ger- 
many that  strikes.  When  she  has  conquered 
new  domains  for  her  genius,  then  the  priest- 
hoods of  all  the  gods  will  praise  the  god  of 
war."  What  a  departure,  in  this  representa- 
tive of  modern  Germany,  or  of  a  certain  part 
of  it,  from  the  aims  and  ideals  of  Goethe  and 
Schiller  and  Lessing ! 

•  *         • 

LITERARY  LIKINGS  OF  THE  SERIOUS  VERMONT- 
ERS  come  interestingly  to  view  in  the  "Tenth 
Biennial  Report  of  the  Free  Public  Library 
Commission  of  the  State  of  Vermont. ' '  With 
only  two  decades  of  organized  library  effort 
to  look  back  upon,  the  Green  Mountain  people 
already  have  198  free  libraries,  twenty-seven 
not  free,  and  267  stations  to  which  travelling 
libraries  are  sent,  so  that  only  twenty-nine 
towns  remain  unprovided  with  library  facili- 
ties of  some  sort,  and  only  fifty  have  no  per- 
manent libraries.  In  the  record  of  travelling 
collections  of  books  it  is  noteworthy  that 
thirty-six  per  cent  of  the  adult  reading  is  of 
the  class  known  as  non-fiction,  while  the 
juvenile  reading  of  a  similar  serious  character 
attains  the  handsome  total  of  fifty-six  per  cent. 
The  average  of  non-fiction  circulation  in  pub- 
lie  libraries  is  supposed  to  be  about  twenty- 
five  per  cent.  Thus  the  Vermonters  show 
themselves  to  be  considerably  less  frivolous 
than  the  majority  of  their  fellow-countrymen, 
and  the  Vermont  children  far  less  light- 
minded  than  their  elders.  But  the  tremen- 
dous seriousness  of  childhood  is  proverbial 
everywhere.  In  fact,  the  theory  was  long  ago 
advanced  by  certain  wise  men  of  the  East  that, 
whereas  the  body  is  born  young  and  grows 
every  year  older,  the  soul  is  born  old  and  gains 
in  youthfulness  with  the  passage  of  time. 
Hence,  doubtless,  our  devotion  to  ephemeral 
fiction  in  our  toothless  and  tottering  old  age. 

•  •         • 

HUMORS  OF  THE  ADVERTISING  PAGE  come 
nowhere  more  frequently  or  more  amusingly 
to  notice  than  in  the  columns  of  the  sober  and 
sedate  London  "Times."  Some  weeks  ago 
that  journal  published  an  advertisement  in- 
serted by  a  gentleman  who  signified  his  will- 
ingness to  accept  the  free  use  of  a  touring  car 
and  accompanying  chauffeur  for  week-end 
excursions  as  a  restorative  from  exhausting 
labors  in  connection  with  the  present  interna- 


106 


THE    DIAL 


[  Feb.  16 


tional  conflict.  And  now  a  more  recent  issue 
contains  this  specimen  of  advertising  humor: 
"Gentleman,  30,  perfect  health,  magnificent 
physique,  absolutely  fit,  offers  himself  for 
vivisection  experiments  to  any  one  who  would 
care  to  infect  him  with  complaint  known  as 
the  embarrassment  of  riches. ' '  One  is  tempted 
to  search  for  the  motive  that  prompts  these 
anonymous  and  obviously  futile  exhibitions  of 
facetiousness  at  a  considerable  cost  to  the 
humorist  himself.  It  must  be  a  purely  artis- 
tic impulse,  a  love  of  art  for  art's  sake,  an  irre- 
sistible desire  to  cut  an  intellectual  caper,  just 
as  the  armadillo  and  the  wombat  are  known  to 
execute  in  the  night  solitudes  certain  ridicu- 
lous gambols  that  serve  no  purpose  whatever 
except  to  give  a  moment's  free  play  to  the 
animal's  creative  instincts  as  an  artist  in 
antics.  It  is  the  innate  necessity  of  self- 
expression  in  each  case. 

•        •        » 

AN  EDITORIAL  RETROSPECT  of  a  not  ungrati- 
fying  character  is  indulged  in  by  "Public 
Libraries"  on  the  occasion  of  its  entrance 
upon  its  twentieth  year  of  increasing  use- 
fulness. When  that  excellent  monthly  was 
started  there  was,  says  its  editor,  "but  one 
other  periodical  devoted  exclusively  to  library 
matters,"  and  the  new  venture  was  regarded 
as  extremely  hazardous.  But  the  magazine 
has  handsomely  vindicated  its  right  to  exist- 
ence, and  has  doubtless  served  to  encourage 
the  founding  of  the  now  sufficiently  numerous 
kindred  publications  that  were  not  dreamt  of 
twenty  years  ago.  In  library  development  it 
has  witnessed  the  increase  of  states  giving  aid 
to  library  extension  from  a  meagre  two  or 
three  to  a  widely  beneficent  thirty-seven.  Not 
more  than  half  a  dozen  library  associations 
had  struggled  into  being  when  ' '  Public  Libra- 
ries" drew  its  first  breath;  now  there  are 
seventy  such  local  organizations  with  an  esti- 
mated membership  of  more  than  six  thousand. 
In  fact,  the  great  things  and  the  new  things 
that  have  come  to  pass  in  the  library  world 
within  the  lifetime  of  this  monthly  survey  of 
that  world  are  far  too  numerous  to  mention  — 
' '  all  of  which, ' '  it  might,  in  classic  phrase,  not 
immodestly  add,  "I  saw,  and  a  part  of  which 

I  was." 

•    •    • 

LUMBER-CAMP  LIBRARIES  FOR  WISCONSIN  fol- 
low quite  promptly  the  establishment  of  such 
antidotes  to  ennui  in  the  forests  of  Minnesota. 
Of  course  these  libraries  have  no  costly  and 
permanent  Carnegie  buildings;  indeed  they 
have  no  buildings  at  all,  but  are  housed  in 
boxes  that  travel  thither  and  yon  as  need  re- 
quires. It  is  said  by  those  who  have  had  expe- 
rience in  supplying  literature  to  the  "lumber 


jacks"  that  many  of  these  artisans  in  timber 
are  men  of  education,  and  they  all  prefer  good 
books  to  trash.  There  is  a  tradition  of  a  cer- 
tain lumber  camp  where  the  hunger  for  read- 
ing-matter was  so  gnawing  that  a  stray  copy 
of  "The  Atlantic  Monthly"  was  thumbed  un- 
til its  contents  were  committed  to  memory. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  cheap  illustrated 
magazines  are  commonly  rejected  with  dis- 
gust by  the  sturdy  axemen.  The  "Wisconsin 
Library  Bulletin"  invites  the  assistance  of 
public  libraries  in  that  State  in  supplying 
books  and  periodicals  for  the  lumber  camp 
travelling  libraries.  Communications  should 
be  sent  to  the  Library  Commission  at  Madi- 
son, and  it  is  safe  to  infer  that  even  assistance 
from  beyond  the  borders  of  Wisconsin  would 
not  be  unwelcome. 

•         •         • 

THE  INCREASING  COST  OF  CULTURE,  or  at  least 
of  the  culture  bearing  the  college  or  university 
label,  is  unmistakably  indicated  by  the  an- 
nouncement, in  President  Lowell's  latest 
annual  report,  of  a  considerable  deficit  in  the 
year's  finances  at  Harvard,  and  in  his  recom- 
mendation of  an  increase  in  the  rate  of  tuition. 
Several  professors  have  generously  returned 
their  year's  salaries  to  the  treasurer,  while 
others  have  relinquished  a  part  of  their  pay. 
The  president  is  said  to  have  handed  back  his 
salary  in  full.  Significant  at  this  time  is  the 
report  of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, just  sent  in,  advising  against  the  found- 
ing of  a  State  university  —  a  project  for  some 
time  under  consideration  —  but  suggesting  as 
a  less  expensive  partial  substitute  for  such 
action  the  annual  appropriation  of  a  certain 
sum  for  scholarships  for  deserving  pupils  in 
the  existing  colleges  and  universities  and  tech- 
nical schools  of  the  commonwealth.  The  cost 
of  higher  education  throughout  the  country 
has  greatly  increased  since  many,  not  yet  old, 
received  their  college  diplomas;  but  this  is 
only  another  phase  of  the  increased  cost  of 
living. 

COMMUNICATIONS. 


"  GEEMAN  "  AND  "AMERICAN." 

(To  the-  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
Mr.  0.  E.  Leasing  asks  a  series  of  questions  in 
your  issue  of  February  1,  to  which  I  beg  to  be 
allowed  a  partial  response.  In  his  introduction  to 
these  questions,  Mr.  Lessing  announces  himself  to 
be  "  a  plain  American  citizen  of  German  descent " ; 
I,  using  the  words  in  precisely  the  sense  in  which 
Mr.  Lessing  uses  them,  am  a  still  plainer  American 
citizen  of  American  descent,  as  are  rather  more 
than  fifty  millions  of  my  countrymen.  By  that  I 
mean  to  say  that,  just  as  Mr.  Lessing  points  with 
pride  to  a  father  or  grandfather  born  in  Germany, 
so  do  I  and  the  fifty  million  others  like  me  point 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


with  pride  to  a  grandfather's  grandfather  who 
fought  for  American  independence  against  a  Ger- 
man king  who  was  endeavoring  to  foist  ideas  upon 
England,  and  so  upon  America,  which  bear  a 
marked  family  resemblance  in  method  and  content 
to  the  ideas  which  Germany  is  seeking  to  intrude 
at  this  moment  upon  Belgium. 

The  difference  in  point  of  view  between  us  is  a 
remarkable  one,  and  one  which  most  Americans  of 
ancestry  and  habits  of  thought  similar  to  mine 
could  not  have  been  convinced  existed  eight  months 
ago.  The  chief  difference,  it  seems  to  me,  lies  in 
the  fact  that  there  is  no  phase  of  the  present  war 
which  we  Americans  are  viewing  with  a  European 
squint;  there  are  few  phases  of  it  which  the  Ger- 
mans in  America  are  viewing  with  an  American 
squint.  Note  that  I  do  not  say  "  German- 
Americans."  William  the  Greatest  settled  that  bit 
of  bastardy  once  and  for  all.  "  Germans  I  know," 
he  said,  "and  Americans  I  know;  but  I  do  not 
know  German-Americans."  I  see  no  use  in  pre- 
tending to  be  more  German  than  William  the 
Greatest;  I  merely  assert  that  I  and  those  like  me 
are  Americans. 

This  brings  me  to  the  first  question :  "  What 
does  the  '  Declaration  of  Independence '  mean  ? 
Independence  of  English  rule  or  German  rule  ?  " 
The  answer  is  rather  pitifully  obvious:  Indepen- 
dence of  both  English  and  German  rule,  even 
though  an  English  king  was  attempting  to  enforce 
upon  the  freeborn  Englishmen  of  the  old  colonies 
ideas  which  were  no  more  characteristically  Ger- 
man then  than  they  are  at  this  moment.  Read  the 
Declaration.  It  is  directed  against  whom?  Until 
the  next  paragraph  before  the  last  it  speaks  of  one 
individual  only,  "  the  present  King  of  Great  Brit- 
ain." And  who  was  he?  George  III.,  of  German 
descent  so  pure  that  one  has  to  go  back  seven 
generations  to  find  a  suspicion  of  contaminating 
''Anglo-Saxon"  blood.  His  government  of  the 
colonies  was  typically  German,  as  exemplified  in 
the  government  of  Alsace-Lorraine  to-day  —  gov- 
ernment without  representation.  The  friends  of 
the  rebelling  Americans  were,  quite  characteris- 
tically, the  English  Whigs,  political  ancestors  of 
the  Liberal  party  which  found  itself  compelled  to 
declare  war  against  Germany  last  August.  The 
friends  of  George  III.,  quite  characteristically, 
were  those  obliging  fellow  German  sovereigns  who 
lent  him  their  soldiers  to  put  down  the  American 
rebellion,  when  free  Englishmen  refused  to  recruit 
his  armies  for  service  against  us.  Read  from  as 
obvious  a  source  as  the  Encyclopaedia  Britannica, 
a  paragraph  about  George  III. : 

"  He  would  have  given  England  that  dangerous 
position  of  supremacy  which  was  gained  for  France 
by  Lewis  XIV.  in  the  seventeenth  century,  and  by 
Napoleon  in  the  nineteenth  century.  He  would 
have  made  his  country  still  more  haughty  and 
arrogant  than  it  was,  till  other  nations  rose  against 
it,  fis  they  have  three  times  risen  against  France, 
rather  than  submit  to  the  intolerable  yoke." 

Has  not  this  a  certain  familiar  sound?  What 
Americans  fought  for  and  what  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  sets  forth  is  the  ideal  of  the  English- 
speaking  peoples,  and  not  the  ideals  of  any  of  the 
German-speaking  peoples  made  effective  in  history. 


It  is  the  world-old  conflict  between  that  fine  old 
Bourbon  maxim,  even  more  effective  in  Germany 
in  the  twentieth  century  than  it  was  in  the 
eighteenth,  "  Everything  for  the  people,  nothing 
by  the  people";  and  the  English  maxim  finally 
crystallized  in  Lincoln's  "A  government  of  the 
people,  for  the  people,  by  the  people."  It  is  the 
difference  exemplified  between  the  governments  of 
the  English-speaking  peoples  and  of  the  German- 
speaking  people  to-day,  whether,  as  Jefferson, 
author  of  the  Declaration,  said,  governors  are  to 
be  in  moral  fear  of  the  governed,  or  the  governed 
in  physical  fear  of  their  governors.  We  Amer- 
icans owe  much  to  England  and  English  laws  and 
ideals.  We  owe  much  to  Americans  like  Francis 
Lieber  and  Carl  Schurz,  who  chanced  to  be  of 
German  birth,  and  to  the  immigrants  of  '48  and 
'49,  who  rebelled  against  the  Prussian  and  other 
German  constitutions  of  that  day,  which  stand 
practically  unchanged  at  the  present  moment.  But 
we  have  no  criticism  quite  as  effective  as  the  pres- 
ence in  this  free  country  of  what  we  are  told  are 
twenty-five  millions  of  Germans  —  the  greater  the 
number  the  more  effective  the  criticism  —  who  are 
here  because  life  was  unendurable  to  them  in  the 
Fatherland.  Moreover,  we  expect  many  more  mil- 
lions to  add  to  the  weight  of  this  criticism  and 
bring  it  down  to  date  when  this  frantic  war  is  over. 

We  Americans  find  ourselves  criticized  for  our 
Americanism  by  certain  of  these  transplanted  but 
unrooted  Germans,  chiefly  in  periodicals  mori- 
bund or  non-existent  at  the  opening  of  the  war. 
These  find  it  logical  to  offset  their  devotion  to 
German  governmental  ideals  as  exemplified  by 
William  the  Greatest  by  savage  criticism  of  Amer- 
ican government  as  exemplified  by  the  President 
of  the  United  States,  a  Jefferson-minded  man; 
apparently  unaware  that  the  very  freedom  of  the 
press  they  are  exercising  makes  possible  their  live- 
lihood here  as  against  life  in  jail  and  suppression 
of  their  organs  in  Germany.  We  can  at  least  wel- 
come their  appreciation  of  their  new  opportuni- 
ties  and  their  quickness  in  taking  advantage  of  it. 
But  we  are  inclined  to  resent  any  implication  that 
we  as  Americans  would  leap  to  the  command  of  a 
British  official,  as  so  many  Germans  in  this  coun- 
try have  come  to  heel  at  hearing  their  master's 
voice  echo  through  Dr.  Richard  Dernburg;  and 
many  of  us  have  read  Dr.  Dernburg's  arguments 
in  favor  of  mental  reservations  in  oaths,  or  of  ends 
justifying  means,  with  a  curiously  baffled  sense 
that  those  questions  were  disposed  of  in  the 
English-speaking  world  during  the  reigns  of  the 
Stuarts. 

Coming  to  Mr.  Lessing's  second  question,  it 
seems  easy  enough  to  admit  that  England,  rather 
than  Germany,  has  wronged  Ireland  in  the  past, 
but  it  still  appears  to  us  that  this  is  largely  due 
to  the  fact  that  Germany  had  no  chance;  surely 
England  may  plead  Home  Rule  in  extenuation. 
But  what  can  Germany  and  Austria  plead  in 
extenuation  of  their  treatment  of  the  Poles;  and 
what  has  Germany  to  say  for  Alsace-Lorraine, 
whose  representatives  in  the  Reichstag  are  not 
even  elected  by  its  people? 

Certainly,  too,  answering  the  third  question, 
England  and  not  Germany  conquered  India, 


108 


THE    DIAL 


Feb.  16 


Egypt,  and  the  Boer  Republics.  But  again  En- 
gland can  plead  the  results  to-day  in  justification 
more  or  less  complete.  She  has  no  frightful 
slaughters  on  her  mind  like  that  of  the  Hereros  in 
German  Southwest  Africa,  nor  exhibitions  of 
Scbrecklichkeit  such  as  were  given  by  the  German 
expeditionary  force  in  China.  Parenthetically  it 
may  be  observed  that  Americans,  fighting  Indian 
savages  across  a  continent,  have  been  familiar  with 
this  particular  quality  in  warfare  since  the  first 
settlements,  just  as  Ross's  destruction  of  the  Con- 
gressional Library  in  Washington  in  the  reign  of 
George  III.  lent  us  comprehension  of  Belgian  feel- 
ing, when  the  Louvain  library  was  fed  to  the  flames. 

American's  are  able  to  see  a  vital  difference 
between  British  "  navalism "  and  German  mili- 
tarism, responding  to  the  fourth  question,  "  Who 
controls  the  sea  ?  "  We  see  Germany,  for  exam- 
ple, quite  as  infected  with  "  navalism "  as  Great 
Britain,  while  Great  Britain  was  hardly  touched 
by  militarism  at  all  before  the  outbreak  of  the 
war,  as  unexpected  by  Britons  as  almost  complete 
unpreparedness  proves  it  to  have  been.  We  see, 
too,  that  the  navy  of  England  performs  its  func- 
tions on  the  seas,  and  that  its  officers  in  no  pos- 
sible sense  dominate  the  daily  thought  of  the 
British  people.  If  it  is  an  evil,  it  is  at  worst  a 
cutaneous  one,  not  a  cancer  eating  out  the  nation's 
vitals.  Furthermore,  the  position  of  the  British 
;Isles  makes  starvation  only  too  easy  without  con- 
trol of  the  seas,  while  Germany  has  never  had  that 
excuse  to  pleacL  Even  now,  had  it  not  been  for 
that  almost  inevitable  blundering  that  seems  to 
go  .with,  arrant  militarism,  whether  under  George 
III.  or  William  the  Greatest,  America  would  be 
supplying  Germany  with  food  for  her  civilian 
population.  But,  just  as  the  question  was  about 
to  be  settled  to  that  effect,  the  German  govern- 
ment/proclaimed all  food  supplies  as  the  property 
,  of  the  .State,  leaving  discrimination  between  food 
,  for  civilians  and  food  for  the  military  impossible. 
Finally,  it  may  be  urged  that  Great  Britain's  con- 
trol of  the  sea  has  been  beneficent,  with  that  per- 
fect restraint  which  comes  with  accustomed  power, 
ever  since  America  gaye  up  its  control  of  the  seas 
after,  the  Civil  War;  while  there  is  nothing  in 
German  history  ;since  1870  to  lead  us  to  believe 
that  the  same  control  could  pass  to  other  hands 
with  equal  security  tp  civilization. 
.  I  have  no  doubt  that  Mr.  Lessing  is  right  about 
Treitschke's  being  older  than  Nietzsche.  When 
German  scholarship  is  not  speaking  about  mili- 
tarism and  its  consequences,  it  is  generally  right. 

Every  American  must  regret  that  any  German 
can,  sneer  at  Anglo-Saxonry  with  a  good  con- 
science. We  find  it  occasion  for  pride  that  we 
belong  to  a  great  family  of  self-governing  nations 
framed  upon  Anglo-Saxon  ideas  of  individual 
rights  and  constitutional  liberty,  hardly  touched  at 
all  until  this  war  began  with  militarism  and  lax 
conceptions  of  treaty  obligations.  We  take  no  less 
pride  in  a  mighty  literature  which  embodies  these 
ideas  and  ideals,  and  has  seldom  been  false  to  them 
at  any  point;  and  we  should  like  to  have  the  Ger- 
mans proud  of  them,  too,  as  we  are  proud  of 
Goethe.  WALLACE  RICE. 

Chicago,  February  4, 1915. 


"LITERARY"  VERSUS  "COMMERCIAL" 
DRAMA. 

(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
.  Your  recent  criticism  of  an  article  by  Mr.  W.  C. 
de  Mille  in  the  January  "  Yale  Review  "  puts  sev- 
eral questions  to  Mr.  de  Mille  as  to  his  conclusions 
about  our  "  commercial "  drama.  I  should  like  to 
go  a  step  farther  and  ask  a  question  about  his 
premises.  What  does  he  mean  by  "  commercial " 
drama  anyway;  and  how,  according  to  his  defini- 
tion, does  it  differ  from  that  which  he  patroniz- 
ingly refers  to  as  "  literary  "  ?  All  through  his 
article,  we  find  assumed,  a  distinction  between  the 
two  forms,  and  always  to  the  discredit  of  the  lat- 
ter. What,  then,  are  the  requirements  that  Mr,  de 
Mille  makes  for  the  "  commercial "  play  ?  On 
looking  through  the  article,  we  find  that  the  "  com- 
mercial "  play  must  provide  "  entertainment," 
must  "  tell  a  story  which  finds  its  best  expression 
through  acting  ';;  it  must  be  "  a  splendid  piece  of 
craftsmanship  " ;  it  must  "  reflect  to  a  large  degree 
the  point  of  view  of  its  audience  "  and  "  get  its 
hands  on  their  hearts."  Now  by  a  strange  coinci- 
dence, these  —  and  no  others  —  have  always  been 
considered  the  requirements  of  the  "  literary " 
play,  which  Mr.  de  Mille  nowhere  clearly  defines. 

Thus  we  may  conclude  that,  under  favorable  cir- 
cumstances, "  commercial "  drama  and  "  literary  " 
drama  are  one, —  or  rather  become  one  through  the 
simple  medium  of  the  box-office.  That  these 
favorable  circumstances  once  existed  as  they  do 
not  exist  to-day,  no  student  of  stage  history  would 
deny.  In  Elizabethan  London,  prices  of  theatre 
seats  were  such  that  the  drama  was  indeed  a 
"democratic"  art;  and,  further,  no  despotic  cen- 
sor or  trust  magnate  intervened  between  public  and 
playwright.  This  was  the  great  period  of  the;  lit- 
erary play,  which,  because  it  met  the  requirements 
of  "  commercial  "  drama,  drew  crowded  houses. 

On  the  other  hand,  when  we  get  down  to  the 
early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century  in  England,  we 
find  that  the  "  literary "  play  and  the  "  commer- 
cial "  play  have  become  two  different  things, —  not 
necessarily  through  any  fault  of  either  public  or 
dramatist,  but  through  the  outside  interference  of 
official  censor  and  theatrical  manager.  On  the 
commercial  side,  we  have  tawdry  stage  successes 
which  would  not  at  all  answer  Mr.  de  Mille's  re- 
quirements for  "  commercial "  drama,  in  that,  for 
one  thing,  they  fail  signally  to  reflect  the  viewpoint 
of  the  great  era  succeeding  the  French  Revolution. 
On  the  literary  side,  we  have  the  closet-dramas  of 
Byron  and  Shelley,  which,  although  they  breathe 
the  fiery  spirit  of  the  social  awakening,  do  not 
wholly  obey  generally  accepted  laws  of  technique. 

Let  us  hope  that  the  time  is  approaching  when 
"  literary  "  drama  and  "  commercial "  drama  will 
again  be  one.  Perhaps  Mr.  de  Mille  means  to 
prophesy  this  when  in  the  cause  of  the  "  commer- 
cial "  play,  he  appropriates  all  the  "  literary " 
play's  qualities.  If  this  is  so,  one  can  only  say 
that  he  appears  to  be  confusing  the  issue  when  he 
exalts  "  commercial "  drama  thus  endowed  to  so 
high  a  seat  and  leaves  "  literary "  drama,  thus 
robbed  and  stripped,  to  lie  by  the  roadside. 

HELEN  MCAFEE.  . 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  Feb.  6, 1915. 


1915 


THE    DIAL 


109 


Bcto 


A  SOLDIER-SURGEON'S  IlEMIXISCENCES.* 

An  autobiography  richer  in  varied  interest, 
more  diversified  with  pictures  of  life  amid  all 
sorts  of  surroundings  and  in  many  dissimilar 
fields  of  activity,  and  in  the  rehearsing  of  it 
re-lived  with  keener  zest  and,  if  one  may  add 
it  without  offence,  greater  complacency,  of  a 
justifiable  sort,  than  the  life-story  of  Dr.  John 
Allan  Wyeth,  is.  not  offered  to  the  reader 
every  month  in  the  year  or  every  year  in  the 
century.  "With  Sabre  and  Scalpel"  he  calls 
this  "autobiography  of  a  soldier  and  sur- 
geon, ' '  but  in  addition  to  his  dashing  exploits 
as  a  Confederate  trooper  in  the  Fourth  Ala- 
bama Cavalry,  and  his  subsequent  notable 
achievements  in  medicine  and  surgery,  he  has 
been  a  farmer,  woodsman,  cotton-planter, 
cattle-buyer,  river-pilot,  telegraph-operator, 
land-speculator,  building  contractor,  lecturer 
in  his  profession,  twice  president  of  the  New 
York  Academy  of  Medicine,  founder  of  the 
New  York  Polyclinic  School  and  Hospital, 
which  is  the  first  institution  of  its  kind  in 
this  country  to  offer  post-graduate  courses, 
and  author  of  numerous  works  both  of  tech- 
nical and  more  general  interest,  including  a 
life  of  General  Nathan  B.  Forrest  and  an  his- 
torical sketch  of  the  settlement  of  Oregon. 
No  mean  talent  is  his  also  for  the  turning  of 
graceful  verse,  as  he  is  pleased  to  remind  the 
reader  by  appending  to  his  latest  book  a  half- 
score  of  what  may  be  styled  occasional  pieces, 
some  if  not  all  of  which  have  already  seen  the 
light  in  magazines  or  elsewhere.  If  it  be  per- 
missible, for  variety 's  sake,  to  give  the  present 
review  a  certain  topsy-turviness,  let  us  begin 
by  bespeaking  the  reader's  favorable  opinion 
of  Dr.  Wyeth  the  poet,  and  to  this  end  quoting 
from  his  appendix  the  first  stanza  of  some 
animated  and  pleasing  verses  that  may  be 
read  in  full  in  Bryant's  "New  Library  of 
Poetry  and  Song."  They  are  entitled  "My 
Sweetheart's  Face,"  and  begin,  with  rather 
original  as  well  as  felicitous  imagery,  as 
follows : 

"  My  kingdom  is  my  sweetheart's  face. 

And  these  the  boundaries  I  trace: 

Northward  her  forehead  fair; 

Beyond  a  wilderness  of  auburn  hair; 

A  rosy  cheek  to  east  and  west; 
Her  little  mouth 
The  sunny  south, 

It  is  the  south  that  I  love  best." 
That  a  man  capable  of  such  flights  of  song 
is,  other  things  being  equal,  a  man  likely  to 

*  WITH  SABRE  AND  SCALPEL.  The  Autobiography  of  a  Sol- 
dier and  Surgeon.  By  John  Allan  Wyeth,  M.D.,  LL.D.  Illus- 
trated. New  York :  Harper  &  Brothers. 


interest  one  in  his  other  than  poetic  capaci- 
ties, may  not  unreasonably  be  assumed.  And 
other  things  are  not  unequal,  for  the  same 
impress  of  a  distinctive  personality  stamps 
itself  on  all  his  heterogeneous  activities  and 
saves  his  recital  from  any  touch  of  triteness 
or  monotony.  A  rather  sure  index  to  a  man's 
character  is  commonly  thought  to  be  found  by 
a  study  of  the  mother's  mental  and  moral 
endowment.  Therefore  it  may  be  possible  to 
throw  a  sidelight  if  not  a  full-face  flash  of 
illumination  on  the  subject  of  our  inquiry  by 
relating  in  the  author's  own  words  the  story 
of  how  he  "discovered"  his  maternal  parent 
when  he  was  well  advanced  in  his  seventh 
year. 

"The  discovery  came  about  in-  this  fashion: 
a  boy  playmate  lost  his  temper  at  something  that 
happened  between  us,  and  in  anger  gave  me  a  slap 
which  I  did  not  resent.  At  this  juncture  I  heard 
a  voice  from  a  near-by  window,  and,  turning,  I 
saw  my  mother  leaning  out,  her  eyes  flashing  s6 
that  I  could  almost  see  the  sparks  flying  and  her 
cheeks  as  red  as  fire.  .  In  a  tone  about  which  there 
could  be  no  misinterpretation,  even  by  one  who 
instinctively  preferred  peace  to  war,  she  asked  me 
if  the  boy  struck  me  in  anger;  and  when  I  told 
her  he  had,  she  blazed  up  and  said,  'And  you 
didn't  hit  him  back  ? '  My  response  was  that 
father  had  told  me  it  was  wrong  to  fight,  and  that 
when  another  boy  gave  way  to  anger  just  to  tell 
him  it  was  wrong  and  not  fight  back.  At  this  the 
blue  bonnet  of  Clan- Allan  [the  mother's  maiden 
name]  went  '  over  the  border,'  and  she  fairly 
screamed :  '  I  don't  care  what  your  father  told 
you;  if  you  don't  whip  that  boy  this  minute  I'll 
whip  you ! '  And  she  looked  on,  and  was  satisfied 
when  it  was  over.  I  date  my  career  from  that 
eventful  day;  for  I  had  come  to  the  parting  of 
the  ways." 

Thus  sprung  of  Old  Testament  and  New 
Testament  parentage,  so  to  speak,  the  Ala- 
bama boy,  who  was  sixteen  years  old  when  the 
Civil  War  broke  out,  yielded  to  the  prompt- 
ings of  the  less  pacific  strain  in  his  blood  and 
soon,  with  his  noble  mare,  Fanny^  whose  sad 
end  forms  a  touching  episode  in  the  narrative, 
joined  a  troop  of  cavalry  and  played  a  spir- 
ited if  inconspicuous  part  in  the  national 
drama  before  he  was  taken  prisoner  in  the 
autumn  of  1863  and  confined  for  a  year  and 
a  half  at  Camp  Morton,  Indiana,  after  which 
there  was  no  more  fighting  for  him  to  do. 
Not  to  convey  a  false  impression  of  the  pacific 
father,  it  should  be  added  that  even  his  dis- 
inclination to  violence  did  not  keep  him  at 
home  when  the  call  to  arms  reached  him.  As 
a  matter  of  fact,  he  was  earlier  in  the  field 
than  his  son. 

Interesting  and  enlightening  are  the  views 
which  this  loyal  Southerner  takes  of  sundry 
questions  that  once  were  burning  issues  be- 


110 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  16 


tween  the  North  and  the  South.  His  pictures 
of  the  negro  slave's  not  unhappy  lot,  of  the 
evils  of  abolitionism,  of  the  splendid  patriot- 
ism of  those  to  whom  state  rights  meant  more 
than  national  unity,  and  of  southern  condi- 
tions in  general  as  he  intimately  knew  them, 
are  not  to  be  passed  over  with  cursory  and 
unsympathetic  glance,  whatever  the  reader's 
preconceptions  and  predilections.  From  the 
opening  pages  of  the  book  the  following 
vehement  utterance  may  be  taken  as  char- 
acteristic and  significant: 

"  I  am  firmly  convinced  that  if  instead  of  the 
nagging,  irritating,  insulting,  and  finally  insurrec- 
tionary and  murderous  meddlesomeness  of  the 
Northern  abolitionists,  the  conservative  and  better 
portion  had  united  in  earnest  and  friendly  co- 
operation with  their  brothers  of  the  South,  who 
proved  their  zeal  and  devotion  to  principle  by  the 
wholesale  sacrifice  of  wealth  and  ease,  the  humane 
scheme  of  emancipation  and  colonization  as  set 
forth  in  the  '  Virginia  Resolutions '  would  have 
been  carried  out  and  chattel  slavery  would  have 
disappeared  by  peaceful  means." 

In  a  subsequent  chapter  we  find  the  portrait 
of  that  hero  of  anti-slavery  days,  John  Brown, 
drawn  with  no  flattering  touches.  The  fea- 
tures are  delineated  with  strokes  like  this : 

"  Out  of  this  turmoil  emerged  a  weird,  red- 
handed  specter  in  human  form  whose  name  but  for 
his  lawless  deeds  in  Kansas  would  never  have 
crossed  the  boundaries  of  that  fair  State  had  he 
not  become  the  agent  in  one  of  the  most  nefarious 
plots  recorded  in  history.  A  group  of  men  of 
intelligence,  position,  and  wealth  aided  him  in  the 
armed  invasion  of  a  peaceful  and  law-abiding  com- 
munity. Brown's  purpose  was  the  treasonable 
capture  of  the  United  States  arsenal  and  the 
appropriation  of  government  property  to  an  un- 
lawful purpose,  the  robbery  of  the  houses  of  law- 
abiding  citizens,  and  murder.  He  sought  to  incite  a 
wide-spread  slave  insurrection  and  the  consequent 
massacre  of  thousands  of  helpless  women  and  chil- 
dren. This  wicked  deed,  known  as  the  '  Harper's 
Ferry  Raid,'  made  secession  possible  and  brought 
on  tbe  Civil  War." 

No  gleam  of  admiration  for  a  martyr's  hero- 
ism is  to  be  discerned  in  the  glowing  terms 
with  which  the  author  paints  the  deeds  of 
this  remarkable  man.  On  another  page  he 
further  writes  in  his  dispraise  that  "having 
failed  at  every  one  of  a  half-dozen  different 
vocations  to  make  a  living  for  his  family  and 
himself,  a  rolling  stone  so  mossless  that  at  the 
age  of  fifty-five  he  was  absolutely  bankrupt 
in  fortune,  and  no  less  so  in  honorable  reputa- 
tion, John  Brown  turned  up  in  Kansas  in 
October,  1855,  in  the  role  of  a  professional 
Free-soil  agitator."  If  one  wishes  a  view  of 
the  Kansas  occurrences  of  that  day  quite  dif- 
ferent from  the  accepted  northern  presenta- 
tion of  those  historic  events,  let  one  read 
Dr.  Wyeth. 


The  chapters  devoted  to  memories  of  the 
war  have  the  lively  interest  belonging  to  all 
well-written  accounts  of  personal  experience 
in  battle  and  in  camp  and  on  the  march.  The 
narrative  of  prison  life  at  Camp  Morton  has 
the  one  fault  of  brevity,  which  cannot  be 
said  of  the  author's  term  of  imprisonment 
itself.  A  larger  view  of  things  military  is 
found  in  the  portion  of  the  book  devoted  to 
the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  where  the  author 
indulges  in  speculation  as  to  what  might  have 
been.  ' '  In  my  opinion, ' '  he  says, ' '  the  South- 
ern Confederacy  was  won  here  by  desperate 
valor  and  lost  by  the  failure  of  the  command- 
ing general  to  appreciate  the  magnitude  of 
his  victory  and  to  take  advantage  of  the  great 
opportunity  which  was  his  for  the  capture  or 
destruction  of  the  entire  Union  army  in 
Georgia  and  Tennessee.  Chickamauga,  as  I 
interpret  it  from  personal  observation  and 
from  careful  study,  marked  the  high  tide  of 
the  Confederacy." 

Making  an  abrupt  transition  now,  let  us  get 
a  glimpse  of  Dr.  Wyeth  in  one  of  his  many 
non-military  aspects.  Toward  the  end  of  his 
book,  where  the  practice  of  medicine  supplants 
the  sterner  occupations  of  war,  he  shows  him- 
self interestingly  in  a  character  not  unlike 
that  of  Sherlock  Holmes.  After  relating  a 
Holmes-like  incident  in  Dr.  Weir  Mitchell's 
professional  experience,  he  details  a  similar 
occurrence  in  his  own. 

"  Spending  the  summer  near  New  York,  I  made 
it  the  rule  to  be  in  my  office  in  the  city  at  a  certain 
hour  on  two  days  of  each  week.  As  I  was  nearing 
my  door  I  noticed  a  man  a  few  feet  ahead  of  me 
who  turned  to  ring  my  bell.  He  had  on  a  long 
frock-coat  which  fitted  well  and  wore  a  soft  felt 
hat.  At  first  glance  I  took  him  to  be  from  the 
South;  but  as  he  was  pulling  at  the  bell-knob,  he 
having  not  yet  seen  me,  I  noticed  on  the  rim  of  one 
ear  a  well-marked  epithelioma,  a  form  of  cancer 
which  occurs  only  after  frost-bite.  I  then  placed 
him  from  the  Northwest,  for  his  coat  and  hat  were 
not  of  the  East.  As  I  came  up  the  stoop  just 
behind  him  I  said,  '  You  want  to  see  Dr.  Wyeth? ' 
He  turned  quickly  and  said, '  Yes.'  I  continued  in 
an  off-hand  manner  as  I  was  getting  my  key  into 
the  lock  and  not  looking  toward  him,  'About  that 
cancer? '  He  said, '  Yes.'  '  From  the  Northwest?  ' 
'Yes.'  'Nebraska  or  Iowa?'  'Why?  Iowa!' 
'  What  regiment  did  you  serve  in  during  the  war?  ' 
(He  had  a  small  Grand  Army  button  on  the  lapel 
of  his  coat  collar.)  '  I  was  major  of  the  Thir- 
teenth Iowa.'  .  .  .  By  this  time  we  were  standing 
within  the  hallway,  and  he  said:  'All  right;  but 
before  we  go  any  further  I'd  like  to  know  how 
much  you  will  charge  me  for  the  operation.'  I 
told  him ;  and  then  he  exclaimed :  '  Well,  my 
goodness !  What  kind  of  a  man  are  you,  anyway  ? 
You  never  saw  me  before  in  your  life;  you  knew 
I  was  looking  for  you;  knew  what  was  the  matter 
with  me;  knew  what  state  I  was  from;  knew  I 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


in 


was  in  the  Union  army;    and  d 


me  if  you 

haven't  named  exactly  the  amount  I  made  up  my 
mind  to  pay  for  the  operation.'  " 

Thus  having,  it  is  hoped,  indicated  in  some 
measure  what  kind  of  a  man  Dr.  Wyeth  is, 
and  stirred  some  interest  in  the  book  that  pre- 
sents him  more  in  detail  and  with  far  greater 
fidelity,  the  reviewer  will  close  with  a  word  of 
commendation  for  the  attractive  appearance 
of  the  autobiography.  Its  matter  is  enter- 
tainingly and  conveniently  grouped  in  two- 
score  chapters  or  more,  with  an  abundance  of 
pictorial  accompaniment,  including  two  por- 
traits of  the  author  at  widely  separated 
periods  in  his  life  and  a  process-print  repro- 
duction of  his  bust,  recently  unveiled  at  the 
Polyclinic  Hospital  which  he  founded. 

PERCY  F.  BICKNELL. 


ART 


HISTORY.* 


"My  desire,"  writes  Mr.  Lisle  March  Phil- 
lipps,  in  his  book  on  "Art  and  Environment," 
"has  been  to  confine  myself  to  the  considera- 
tion of  art  as  an  expression  of  human  life  and 
character.  Selecting  some  of  the  great  periods, 
or  creative  epochs,  in  the  art  of  the  world,  I 
have  endeavoured  to  deduce  from  them  the  dis- 
tinguishing qualities,  limitations,  and  points 
of  view  of  the  races  which  produced  them." 
These,  Mr.  Phillipps  thinks,  are  revealed 
chiefly  by  architecture,  and  only  secondarily 
by  sculpture  and  painting  and  such  minor  arts 
as  furniture-making;  consequently  he  devotes 
the  bulk  of  his  book  to  an  interpretation  of 
various  architectures. 

Mr.  Phillipps 's  treatment  is  both  lively  and 
persuasive.  Like  all  intelligent  persons,  he 
has  strong  preferences  and  reasons  for  them 
that  he  believes  in,  so  that  his  epithets  for  what 
he  dislikes  are  striking,  even  though  his  com- 
mendations of  what  he  prefers  do  not  appear 
excessive.  So  far  as  we  are  aware,  no  one 
since  Taine  has  expounded  with  so  much  vigor 
and  good  sense  any  phase  of  the  principle  that 
works  of  art  are  to  be  understood  in  terms  of 
race,  time,  and  place.  On  the  whole,  Mr.  Phil- 
lipps succeeds  in  ignoring  time  and  place,  par- 
ticularly when  considering  those  types  of  art 
that  have  his  approval ;  environment  seems  to 
matter  chiefly  in  determining  the  works  of  the 
Egyptians,  the  Arabs,  and  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury aristocratic  French,  which  he  dislikes. 
An  innocent  reader  is  led  to  wonder  why  the 
word  "environment"  and  not  "race,"  ap- 
pears in  the  title ;  all  the  more,  in  view  of  the 
author's  avowed  intention  to  deduce  the  quali- 
ties of  races  from  their  gesthetic  creations. 


*  ART  AND  ENVIRONMENT.     By  Lisle  March  Phillipps. 
vised  edition.    Illustrated.    New  York :  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 


Re- 


Soon,  however,  the  reader  begins  to  wonder 
whether  "race"  would  have  been  the  better 
term.  He  observes  the  whole  book  permeated 
by  another  and  more  general  distinction,  a 
distinction  based  on  the  presence  of  certain 
qualities  of  the  human  spirit,  and  transverse 
to  the  distinctions  of  race.  The  qualities  are 
notably  intellectuality  and  passionate  energy. 
With  them,  he  finds,  Mr.  Phillipps  coordinates 
aesthetic  traits.  Thus,  predominant  horizon- 
tality  in  architectural  line  is  said  to  reveal 
intellectuality  in  the  people  that  use  it,  while 
predominant  verticality  or  obliquity  is  said  to 
reveal  energy.  The  one  is  the  expression  or 
effect  of  the  other,  so  that  Greek  and  Renais- 
sance builders  built  as  they  did  because  they 
were  intellectual;  and  they  were  intellectual 
because  they  built  as  they  did.  And  Arabs 
and  Goths  built  as  they  did  because  they  were 
energetic;  and  they  were  energetic  because 
they  built  as  they  did.  This  is  the  skeleton  of 
Mr.  Phillipps 's  "deduction"!  With  it  the 
division  of  mankind  into  races  is  superseded 
by  the  division  of  mankind  into  psychological 
groups, —  sub-intellectual,  intellectual,  and 
post-intellectual:  the  qualities  of  the  arts  be- 
come coordinated  with  these  qualities  of  mind ; 
the  monotony  of  the  Egyptian,  the  energy  and 
elan  of  Arabian,  the  activity  of  the  Gothic  with 
the  sub-  or  un-intellectual ;  the  unity  and 
definiteness  of  the  Greek  and  the  Renaissance 
with  the  intellectual ;  the  realism  and  expres- 
siveness of  Hellenistic  sculpture  and  Renais- 
sance sculpture  and  painting,  intent  on 
catching  the  fleeting  details  of  expression  with 
"spiritual  emotion"  which  is  post-intellectual. 
And  there  you  are ! 

As  a  "deduction,"  Mr.  Phillipps 's  argu- 
ment begs  the  question.  But  whatever  may  be 
said  of  his  argument  as  a  deduction,  nothing 
but  good  can  be  said  of  it  as  an  interpretative 
vision  of  life  and  art.  Indeed,  he  might  retort 
that  in  this  field  all  arguments  beg  the  ques- 
tion, since  they  are  really  nothing  more  than 
an  exhibition  of  analogies  and  similarities 
which  are  identical  only  to  belief,  and  depend 
for  their  force  on  persuasiveness  rather  than 
on  logical  cogency.  And  we  must  grant  that 
we  have  read  nothing  in  recent  years  that  ex- 
hibits so  persuasively  the  opinion  that  race, 
human  quality,  rather  than  time  and  place  is, 
in  art,  the  dominant  agency  of  control  and 
creation.  If,  very  frequently,  other  factors, 
particularly  environment,  seem  to  displace 
race  in  his  account,  the  displacement  should 
be  credited,  not  to  Mr.  Phillipps 's  inadvertence 
or  fallibility,  but  to  his  unusual  intellectual 
honesty, —  the  rarest  thing  in  "art-criticism," 
—  and  his  eagerness  to  tell  the  truth  as  he 
sees  it. 


112 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  16 


What  is  the  truth  which  he  sees?  The 
great  tradition  of  the  Occident  has  its  historic 
roots  in  Egypt.  Mr.  Phillipps  begins,  therefore, 
with  the  analysis  of  Egyptian  art.  The  Egyp- 
tians, in  his  opinion,  were  sub-intellectual. 
Theirs  was  a  case  of  arrested  development, — 
arrested  by  the  Nile.  The  river's  monotonous 
routine  held  them  until  their  life  and  its 
changes  flowed  as  one;  it  fixed  their  habits, 
dominated  their  thoughts,  and  ordained  their 
behavior.  Victims  no  less  than  beneficiaries 
of  their  environment,  they  manifested  its 
overwhelming  influence  on  them  nowhere  so 
clearly  as  in  their  art.  This  is  seen  to  be  as 
unvaried  as  the  Nilotic  floods,  whose  vegeta- 
tion supplies  them  with  their  model  for  orna- 
ment and  design, —  a  perennial  repetition  of 
the  primitive  same,  a  childish  reproduction  of 
forms  not  seen  but  recollected  as  a  child  recol- 
lects, an  accumulative  repetition  and  reproduc- 
tion, technically  perfected  through  practice, 
spiritually  inane.  "Perfect  yet  primitive, 
young  yet  old,  its  hoary  infancy  defies  time. 
It  is  the  image  of  routine,  of  deadly  monotony 
and  unthinking  iteration. ' ' 

To  this  ' '  hoary  infancy ' '  Greek  art  presents 
an  absolute  contrast.  Natural,  observant, 
realistic,  its  essence  is  intellectuality,  and  in- 
tellectuality of  a  unique  sort.  Mr.  Phillipps 
describes  realism  as  an  expression  of  intellec- 
tuality; for  intellectuality  is  definitive,  and 
realism  defines.  Sculpture  is,  he  thinks, 
uniquely  the  art  of  the  Greeks  because  ' '  sculp- 
ture is  definition.  The  sculptor  undertakes  to 
express  his  ideas  in  a  hard  material,  in  curt, 
distinct  lines,  in  concrete  and  exactly  articu- 
lated forms."  Hence  his  themes  are  neces- 
sarily ' '  finite ' ' ;  his  art  refuses,  if  he  is  a.  Greek, 
to  deal  with  the  unknown ;  it  cannot  express 
"spiritual  emotion"  (whatever  that  may  be)  ; 
it  is,  for  example,  incapable  of  treating  death 
as  the  Christian  treats  it.  It  is  marked  by 
limitations,  as  is  all  intellectuality;  and  this 
mark  pervades  the  whole  spiritual  content  of 
Greek  life,  no  less  than  its  representative  art. 
The  limitation  of  Greek  spirit  differs  from 
that  of  the  other  intellectualist  races  of 
Europe  in  a  particular  way,  however.  It  is 
unique,  and  its  uniqueness  springs  from  the 
fact  that  the  Greeks  were  an  eye-minded  peo- 
ple. In  them  the  faculty  and  preferences  of 
seeing  infected  and  suffused  the  residuum  of 
consciousness.  Consequently,  the  needs  of  the 
eye  determine  for  them  the  principles  of  life 
and  art;  nay,  life  is  art,  and  the  consumma- 
tion of  art  the  inspiration  of  life.  In  the  Doric 
temple  the  Greek  genius  expresses  itself  with 
organic  completeness.  The  laws  of  vision  de- 
termine the  details  of  its  construction,  and  the 
construction  is  such  that  it  is  abstract,  inde- 


pendent of  time  and  place,  self-containing 
and  self-contained,  unvaried  and  unvarying 
through  the  ages,  like  a  syllogism,  or  a  god  of 
the  Epicureans.  This  self-sufficiency,  this 
"unity  and  repose,"  are  ordained  by  the  eye's 
inertia  and  attained  by  the  harmonious  devel- 
opment of  a  central  structural  theme.  It  is 
most  conspicuous  where  the  theme  is  un- 
Hellenic;  consequently,  to  see  the  essence  of 
the  Greek  mind  in  architecture,  see  it  as  it 
handles  the  Roman  arch  in  the  church  of 
S.  Sophia.  That  is  the  tour  de  force  of  the 
logical  Greek  genius. 

This  summary  falls,  we  are  afraid,  far  short 
of  justice  to  Mr.  Phillipps 's  brilliant  chapters 
on  the  Greeks.  Perhaps  this  is  because  we 
cannot  help  being  quite  as  much  impressed  by 
what  they  fail  to  say  as  by  what  they  say. 
They  make  no  mention  of  the  possible  influ- 
ence of  an  immemorial  environment,  of  an  in- 
tense and  even  feverish  social  activity  during 
the  most  brilliant  period  of  Greek  history,  of 
possible  imitative  response  and  compensatory 
reaction  to  nature  and  society.  Yet  can  it  be 
that  the  Greek  eye  learned  nothing  from  the 
sharp,  clean  outlines  of  the  low  Greek  hills 
against  the  intensely  blue  Greek  skies,  from 
the  barren  landscapes  definite  as  silhouettes  in 
outlining  the  low  and  almost  geometric  for- 
estation?  Why  should  the  Greek  have  been 
less  susceptible  to  definiteness  and  articula- 
tion in  Nature's  shapes  than  the  Egyptian  to 
the  rank  jungles  and  tepid  hazes  of  the  Nilotic 
lotos-land  which  were  Nature's  face  to  him? 
And  is  it  quite  logical  to  say  that  the  Greek 
was  eye-minded  because  he  built  Doric  temples 
as  he  built  them,  and  then  to  say  that  he  built 
Doric  temples  in  the  lovely  Doric  manner  be- 
cause he  was  eye-minded?  On  the  contrary, 
the  strenuosity  of  Greek  life,  its  athleticism 
and  militarism,  its  emphasis  on  the  impor- 
tance of  music  in  education,  in  the  significant 
dynamism  attributed  by  its  most  representa- 
tive philosopher,  Plato,  to  its  most  charac- 
teristic philosophic  conception,  the  "Platonic 
idea"  (so  distinctly  visual  a  conception  to 
the  layman ! )  might  easily  lead  to  the  opinion 
that  the  Greek  was  motor-  or  muscle-minded, 
and  that  his  works  of  art,  far  from  being  an 
expression  of  his  nature,  were  a  compensation 
for  it.  Just  as  desires  unfulfilled  in  fact  are 
satisfied  in  imagination  and  in  dream,  so,  it 
may  be,  a  disorganized  and  embattled  state 
may  imagine  unity  and  repose,  and  a  torn 
mind  may  dream  of  peace.  Such  dreams  and 
imaginings,  realized  in  art,  are  not  an  ex- 
pression of  a  people's  actual  character,  but 
rather  a  compensation  for  it.  So,  the  esthetic 
mood  of  a  people  may  be  the  direct  opposite 
of  its  natural  and  political  mood,  even  as  the 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


113 


vaudevillian  tastes  of  the  American  man  of 
affairs  are  the  direct  opposite  of  his  puri- 
tanical acquisitiveness  and  devout  republican- 
ism. Mr.  Phillipps  has  not  shown  that  this  was 
not  the  case  with  Greece. 

Nor,  for  that  matter,  is  it  the  case  with  any 
of  the  people  he  deals  with, —  certainly  not 
with  the  Arabs,  with  whose  works  he  next 
invites  our  souls.  Mr.  Phillipps  offers  good 
reasons  for  not  liking  the  Arabian  creation, 
but  he  invokes  environment,  which  with  him 
acts  like  charity,  to  cover  and  explain  the  mul- 
titude of  its  sins.  The  Arab  lives  in  the  desert, 
and  his  soul  reproduces  the  desert's  traits.  He 
is  possessed  of  "the  desert's  fiery  elan  and 
restless  inconstancy."  His  art  is  "a  strange 
mingling  of  frailty,  fickleness,  and  poetic 
energy,"  which  throws  together  any  kind  of 
material  in  any  way  that  will  hold  for  the 
moment,  which  disintegrates  the  trabeated  and 
arcuated  solidities  of  the  Greek  and  Roman 
buildings  into  unstable  and  fanciful  forms, 
which  multiply  as  the  shifting  sands  of  the 
desert  multiply,  all  to  no  end.  The  whole  of 
Arab  life  has  the  fancifulness  and  irrelevancy 
of  Arab  architecture, —  its  science  gets  lost  in 
magic,  its  philosophy  in  mysticism,  its  social 
order  in  confusion,  its  military  prowess  in 
chaos.  It  is  without  reason  and  without  con- 
tinuity, and  before  these  it  fades  away  like  a 
mirage.  All  that  Mr.  Phillipps  says  about 
the  Arabs  is,  we  think,  true;  but  here  again 
the  truth  is  only  half-truth.  What  would 
have  been  the  fate  of  Arabian  civilization  if 
Christian  had  not  conquered  Moslem  in  Spain, 
and  Ottoman  barbarism  had  not  thrown 
Arabian  culture  back  to  its  own  level?  What 
is  to  be  said  of  the  persistence  of  the  Arab 
conversion  to  Mohammedanism,  and  the  sta- 
bility and  articulation  of  the  new  order  that 
revelation  prescribed?  If  Arabian  philosophy 
is  predominantly  mystical,  German  is  so  no 
less;  and  as  for  fancifulness, —  the  German 
content  may  be  different,  but  the  irrelevance 
to  reality  is  the  same.  Mir.  Phillipps 's  account- 
ing for  the  Arab  in  art  is  beautifully  simple, 
but  Arabs  are  human,  and  with  respect  to  the 
characterization  of  human  beings  the  simple 
is  too  near  the  untrue. 

It  becomes  dangerously  near  being  identical 
with  the  untrue  in  the  discussion  of  Gothic 
architecture.  To  explain  this,  Mr.  Phillipps 
disposes  at  a  swoop  of  the  various  alternative 
accounts  of  its  origin.  That  the  conditions 
of  labor  determined  the  material,  and  the 
material  determined  the  structural  form,  he 
denies;  as  he  denies  its  appearance  as  the  solu- 
tion of  the  structural  problems  of  Romanesque 
builders  who  had  difficulty  in  roofing  their 
naves  and  aisles.  Of  environment  he  makes 


no  mention  whatsoever.  The  origin  of  Gothic 
forms  is  to  be  found,  he  insists,  in  the  genius 
of  the  Goth,  at  work  in  France  and  in  En- 
gland. The  Goths  "were  what  they  were 
making."  Their  unconscious  ideal,  when 
they  entered  European  history,  was  a  life  of 
action.  "They  valued  exclusively,  or  at  least 
primarily,  such  qualities  as  took  effect  in 
action."  When  in  the  twelfth  century  they 
have  become  civilized  enough  to  express  them- 
selves consciously  in  art,  the  form  that  comes 
spontaneously  to  their  hand  is  the  pointed 
arch.  This  is  because  the  essence  of  the  arch 
is  its  energy, —  it  "never  sleeps";  the  strong 
"lateral  thrust"  tends  to  disintegrate  it,  and 
it  must  be  repressed  by  a  buttressing  and 
whatnot.  Gothic,  says  Mr.  Phillipps  bril- 
liantly, is  not  a  style  but  a  fight. 

All  of  which  may  be  so,  and  much  of  which 
no  doubt  is  so.  But  are  the  factors  which 
Mr.  Phillipps  either  completely  sets  aside  or 
ignores  deprived  of  potency  because  it  is  so? 
Is  the  relation  not  much  more  likely  to  have 
been  reciprocal?  After  all,  Gothic  is  the  solu- 
tion of  a  structural  problem ;  after  all,  Gothic 
does  make  use  of  small  stones  because  the  con- 
ditions of  labor  were  such  as  to  make  this  use 
inevitable.  These  conditions  might,  of  them- 
selves, have  generated  the  Gothic  style:  they 
are  sufficient  for  its  origin.  If,  indeed,  race 
alone  were  potent,  North  European  archi- 
tecture should  still  be  Gothic.  In  point  of 
fact,  the  relation  is  reciprocal :  purpose,  need, 
modifies  material ;  but  material,  and  most  par- 
ticularly in  the  art  of  building,  limits  purpose. 
It  is  still  impossible  to  make  a  silk  purse  out  of 
a  sow's  ear,  while  a  very  excellent  one  may  be 
made  in  forms  appropriate  to  pigskin.  A 
thousand  years  hence  a  Mr.  Phillipps  of  the 
thirtieth  century  studying  our  art  of  the  twen- 
tieth may  point  to  an  exclusive  causal  connec- 
tion between  American  sky-scrapers  and  the 
' '  natural ' '  strenuosity  of  the  American ' '  race. ' ' 
On  the  principle  that  verticality  expresses 
energy,  he  might  demonstrate  that  the  United 
States  of  the  twentieth  century  was  franti- 
cally energetic  and  proportionally  irrational. 
He  might  gather  innumerable  accessory  data 
from  our  political  and  economic  life,  our  re- 
ligion and  our  art.  But  he  would  neglect  in 
all  this  the  real  causes  of  the  development  of 
the  sky-scraper.  These  are,  first  of  all,  the 
unnaturally  high  rate  of  ground-rent  in  our 
American  cities,  and  secondly  the  use  of  the 
steel-girder  and  concrete  as  the  architectural 
materials.  Prevented  for  economic  reasons 
from  spreading  horizontally,  American  archi- 
tecture rises  vertically.  It  could  not  have 
become  vertical  without  the  use  of  structural 
steel.  The  limitations  of  material  are  ultimate. 


THE    DIAI, 


[  Feb.  16 


That  Mr.  Phillipps  knows  all  this,  but  is 
unconscious  of  it,  may  be  seen  in  the  uncon- 
scious paradox  in  which  his  analysis  of  the 
Gothic  style  culminates.  The  essence  of  that 
style  is  the  pointed  arch.  The  arch  alone, 
of  all  architectural  forms,  is  energetic.  The 
lateral  thrust,  pushing  outward  and  down- 
ward, would  unless  checked  disintegrate,  by 
force  of  the  energy  it  lets  loose.  Gothic  con- 
struction consists  of  check  and  counter-check 
of  this  energy.  Withal,  "it  may  be  we  sel- 
dom enough  realize  how  strenuous  and  alive 
are  the  forces  which  are  here  engaged."  It  is 
"difficult  to  connect  the  idea  of  activity  with 
such  rigid  immobility." 

But  the  rareness  of  this  realization,  the 
difficulty  of  this  connection,  are  a  rareness 
and  difficulty  which  depend  on  a  contrast  be- 
tween the  structural  and  cesthetic  tendencies 
of  Gothic  architecture.  It  is  an  engineer's, 
not  an  artist's,  analysis  of  the  Gothic  arch 
Mr.  Phillipps  here  gives  us;  it  has  reference 
to  the  material.  An  aesthetic  analysis  would 
have  reference  to  the  form.  And  here  the 
paradox  begins  to  appear.  For  the  Gothic 
form  is,  as  Mr.  Phillipps  says,  an  aesthetic 
expression  of  energy;  but  it  is  energy  in  the 
reverse  direction  from  the  structural  energy. 
Mechanically,  the  energy  of  the  arch  moves 
downward  and  outward :  it  is  the  energy  of  a 
push  or  thrust ;  festhetically  the  energy  moves 
upward  and  outward :  it  is  the  energy  of  a 
linear  pull.  Mr.  Phillipps 's  own  language 
unconsciously  expresses  this  fact.  "Gothic 
has  been  called  the  linear  type  of  architecture. 
.  .  .  The  web  of  interior  lines  .  .  .  seem  to 
uphold  the  structure  ...  it  is  in  these  that 
the  strength  and  vigour  appear  to  reside. 
.  .  .  fit]  is  the  most  recognizable  and  salient 
trait  of  the  style.  These  light  and  sinewy 
lines  pervade  the  whole  structure.  They  dart 
in  sheaves  from  the  floor  .  .  .  diverge  and 
spread  fanlike  over  the  vault-surface  .  .  .  ' 
In  sum,  the  total  effects  is  that  of  a  lateral  lift. 

Inside,  the  lines  that  "uphold"  "dart  in 
sheaves  from  the  floor" ;  outside,  the  shadowed 
peaks  and  curves  of  buttress  against  arch,  and 
arch  against  buttress,  rising  in  intricate  linear 
tracings  against  the  sky, —  what  is  there  in 
nature  for  analogue,  that  might  so  impress 
the  mind  of  a  people  that  their  own  significant 
building  would  tend  unconsciously  to  assume 
its  forms'?  What  is  there  but  the  primeval 
forest  of  great  trees,  whose  long,  rising  shafts 
are  literally  an  upward  lift  against  a  down- 
ward pull ;  literally  alive  with  energy ;  whose 
meeting  branches  form  natural  Gothic  arches, 
with  intricate  traceries  in  long  avenues  we 
have  learned  from  novels  to  know  as  Gothic? 
For  generations  the  northern  peoples  lived 


among  them  and  with  them,  seeing  them  daily 
and  hourly,  summer  and  winter,  until  their 
generic  contours,  their  dominant  shapes,  must 
have  become  part  and  parcel  of  the  uncon- 
scious funded  mentality  of  the  race.  If 
Egyptian  temperament  and  architectural 
forms  are  determined  by  the  Nile,  if  Arabian 
temperament  and  architectural  forms  are  the 
effects  of  the  desert,  why  may  not  Gothic  be 
the  outcome  of  immemorial  association  with 
the  primeval  forest?  But  Mr.  Phillipps  does 
not  even  consider  this  possibility.  Goth,  like 
Greek,  is  represented  by  him  as  altogether 
uninfluenced  by  environment. 

There  are  many  things  still  to  say,  if  space 
permitted,  about  Mr.  Phillipps 's  account  of 
the  art  of  the  renaissance  and  its  relation  to 
the  recrudescence  of  intellectuality  in  Eu- 
rope; about  the  influence  upon  this  art  of 
what  he  calls  "spiritual  emotion,"  and  its 
connection  with  the  philosophical  ideas  of 
infinity.  We  should  like  even  more  to  dis- 
cuss his  brilliant  and  perspicacious  chapter 
on  the  art  of  the  French  aristocracy  of  the 
court  of  Louis  XV.  We  should  like  to  show 
in  detail  how  unified  and  articulate  his  view 
is, —  a  vision,  in  fact,  of  the  march  of  history 
in  terms  of  art.  We  should  like  to  show  how, 
like  all  things  unified,  it  attains  its  unity 
always  by  minimizing  or  ignoring  factors 
which  an  adequate  account  of  art  must  con- 
sider; and  how,  therefore,  one  always  must 
agree  with  Mr.  Phillipps,  but  agree  with 
reservations.  One  thing,  however,  readers 
may  agree  in  without  reservation,  namely, 
that  in  recent  years  there  has  appeared  no 
general  book  on  the  arts  which  so  well  repays 
the  reading.  H.  M.  KALLEN. 


SOME  AMERICAN  DISSENTERS.* 

The  capital  fact  in  the  political  history  of 
the  United  States  in  the  past  ten  years  has 
been  the  growth  of  dissent.  Not,  of  course, 
that  dissent  was  unknown  until  the  fateful 
days  in  which  we  live.  For  there  have  been 
many  periods  in  which,  in  this  country  as 
elsewhere,  it  has  flourished.  It  was,  indeed, 
dissent  which  first  gave  the  nation  being.  And 
one  calls  instantly  to  mind  the  epoch  of 
Jeffersonian  criticism  of  Federalist  adminis- 
tration, the  decades  of  Abolitionist  denuncia- 
tion of  a  national  government  palsied  by  the 
grip  of  the  slaveholder,  and  the  Mugwump- 
Granger-Populist-Socialist  era  of  the  eighties 
and  early  nineties. 

*  PROGRESSIVE  DEMOCRACY.  By  Herbert  Croly.  New  York : 
The  Macmillan  Co. 

DRIFT  AND  MASTERY.  An  Attempt  to  Diagnose  the  Cur- 
rent Unrest.  By  Walter  Lippmann.  New  York:  Mitchell 
Kennerley. 

PROGRESSIVISM  —  AND  AFTER.  By  William  English  Wall- 
ing. New  York:  The  Macmillan  Co. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


115 


The  dissent  of  the  most  recent  years,  how- 
ever, has  been  peculiarly  comprehensive  in  its 
scope,  penetrating  in  its  criticism,  and  relent- 
less in  its  methods.  It  began  to  gather 
strength  even  before  the  turning  of  the  cen- 
tury. It  won  its  earlier  triumphs  in  the  estab- 
lishment here  and  there  of  the  initiative  and 
the  referendum,  in  the  enfranchisement  of 
women  in  a  number  of  the  western  states,  and 
in  the  widespread  substitution  of  the  direct 
primary  for  the  nominating  convention.  It 
found  expression  in  the  rapid  growth  of  trade 
unionism,  socialism,  and  the  demand  for  in- 
dustrial democratization.  It  obtained,  in 
time,  its  most  illustrious  and  influential  pro- 
tagonist in  Mr.  Roosevelt.  And,  finally,  it 
acquired  a  name  to  conjure  with, —  namely, 
progressivism. 

The  future  historian  of  our  period  will  have 
as  one  of  his  principal  tasks  the  interpretation 
of  the  progressive  movement.  He  will  have 
the  advantage  of  a  perspective  which  is,  of 
course,  unattainable  at  the  present  day.  In 
the  meantime,  we  are  being  supplied  with 
some  highly  ingenious  and  interesting,  even 
though  tentative  and  incomplete,  interpreta- 
tions from  a  group  of  young  and  keen  students 
of  American  society  who  have  been  themselves 
numbered  among  the  sympathizers  with,  or 
the  active  participants  in,  the  movement. 
Conspicuous  among  these  men  are  Mr.  Croly, 
Mr.  Lippmann,  and  Mr.  Walling,  all  of  whom, 
in  recent  months,  have  published  books  de- 
scriptive of  progressivism  as  they  see  it.  Mr. 
Croly  is  concerned  chiefly  with  an  explanation 
of  the  rise  and  growth  of  progressivism,  and 
with  a  sympathetic  exposition  of  the  multifold 
character  which  it  bears  to-day.  Mr.  Lipp- 
mann portrays  the  semi-chaotic  state  in  which 
the  break  with  the  past  has  involved  us,  and 
considers  the  means  by  which  the  sure  mas- 
tery of  the  people  is  to  be  established.  Mr. 
Walling,  approaching  the  subject  as  a  social- 
ist, seeks  to  demonstrate  that  the  progressiv- 
ism of  to-day  is  but  a  step  in  the  direction  of 
the  ultimate  social  democracy  and  the  social- 
istic state. 

Mr.  Croly 's  book  must  be  pronounced  a 
work  of  first-rate  importance.  It  is  admirably 
written,  and  we  are  not  likely  soon  to  have  a 
discussion  of  the  subject  with  which  it  deals 
that  will  be  better  informed,  of  fairer  spirit, 
or  more  deeply  philosophical.  It  is  in  no  sense 
a  brief  for  the  Progressive  Party  as  such.  The 
progressivism  with  which  it  deals  transcends 
the  bounds  of  party.  It  may  be  described 
more  nearly  as  a  state  of  mind  than  as  a  party 
programme,  and  its  antecedents  are  to  be 
traced  to  successive  stages  of  the  nation's  his- 


tory from  a  period  as  early  as  that  of  the 
formation  of  the  Constitution. 

The  fundamental  proposition  of  progressiv- 
ism, as  Mr.  Croly  describes  it,  is  that  the 
injustice  and  wastage  of  our  American  indus- 
trial and  social  order  are  too  deep-seated  to  be 
overcome  by  ordinary  expedients  of  reform; 
and  the  process  by  which,  as  this  conviction 
has  grown,  reform  has  given  way  to  insur- 
gency and  insurgency  to  progressivism  is 
sketched  with  keen  insight  into  both  the 
psychology  and  the  economic  environment  of 
the  American  people.  Reforms,  whether  in 
the  civil  service,  in  municipal  politics,  or  in 
other  branches  of  public  affairs,  were  always 
(so  we  are  told)  half-hearted  and  ephemeral ; 
insurgency  was  largely  obstructionist  and 
negative;  only  progressivism  takes  the  long 
view  and  seeks  to  build  from  the  foundations. 

There  are,  Mr.  Croly  admits,  various  brands 
of  progressivism,  and  the  comparison  which  is 
drawn  between  the  progressivism  of  Mr. 
Roosevelt  and  that  of  President  Wilson  is  illu- 
minating, if  not  at  every  point  convincing. 
Roosevelt  progressivism,  it  is  admitted,  "can 
fairly  be  charged  with  many  ambiguities." 
But  in  one  essential  respect,  it  is  contended, 
its  meaning  is  unmistakable.  "Its  advocates 
are  committed  to  a  drastic  reorganization  of 
the  American  political  and  economic  system, 
to  the  substitution  of  a  frank  social  policy  for 
the  individualism  of  the  past,  and  to  the 
realization  of  this  policy,  if  necessary,  by  the 
use  of  efficient  governmental  instruments." 
The  progressivism  of  President  Wilson  is 
characterized  as  "vague  in  precisely  this  essen- 
tial respect,"  and  its  vagueness  is  said  to  be  of 
a  kind  that  is  elusive  and  secretive  rather  than 
merely  flexible.  While  Roosevelt  progressiv- 
ism considers  the  existing  order  fundamen- 
tally unsound,  so  that  no  mere  loppings  off 
here  and  tonings  up  there  will  meet  the  social 
need,  the  tendency  of  the  Wilson  school  is  to 
emphasize  those  aspects  of  progressivism 
which  "can  be  interpreted  as  the  emancipa- 
tion of  an  essentially  excellent  system  from 
corrupting  and  perverting  parasites."  The 
progressivism  which  results  is  scrupulously 
careful  not  to  be  too  progressive,  and,  like  the 
reform  movements  which  have  been  super- 
seded, it  poses  as  a  "higher  conservatism." 
In  its  emphasis  upon  the  restriction  of  gov- 
ernmental regulation,  the  "new  freedom" 
harks  back  to  Jeffersonian  individualism.  It 
voices  no  desire  "to  substitute  for  an  auto- 
matic competitive  economic  regime  one  in 
which  a  conscious  social  purpose,  equipped 
with  an  adequate  technical  method,  was  to 
play  a  decisive  part."  Mr.  Croly  recognizes 
that  Mr.  Wilson's  version  of  progressivism, 


116 


THE    DIAL 


Feb.  16 


"whatever  its  underlying  tendency  and  mean- 
ing, is  a  high  and  serious  doctrine,  which  is 
the  outcome  of  real  elevation  of  purpose  and 
feeling,  and  which  up  to  date  has  had  on  the 
whole  a  beneficial  effect  on  public  opinion." 
He  recognizes,  too,  that  as  a  matter  of  prac- 
tical politics  Mr.  Wilson,  in  his  capacity  of 
party  leader,  has  been  obliged  to  lay  emphasis 
upon  any  possible  analogies  between  pro- 
gressivism  and  the  historic  tradition  of  his 
party.  He  feels,  none  the  less,  that  the  Presi- 
dent's progressivism  has  in  too  large  a  degree 
the  backward  look.  It  is  not  a  new  birth  of 
public  spirit;  it  is  a  rebirth.  It  is  not  an 
awakening  of  public  opinion  to  something 
novel ;  it  is  a  reawakening.  It  is  not  aiming 
at  an  unprecedented  vitalizing  of  democracy, 
but  at  its  revival  along  traditional  lines. 
Were  it  not  for  the  trammels  of  his  party  and 
official  connections,  Mr.  Croly  suggests,  Mr. 
Wilson  would  probably  place  the  emphasis 
differently.  But  as  it  is,  his  progressivism 
must  be  adjudged  partial,  halting,  and  inade- 
quate to  meet  the  needs  of  the  times. 

Mr.  Croly  recognizes  the  value  of  the  con- 
servative spirit  in  a  society,  and  he  freely 
admits  the  general  sincerity  of  that  portion  of 
the  American  people  which  is,  whether  or  not 
it  calls  itself  such,  conservative.  He  agrees 
that  men  cannot  reasonably  be  expected  to 
break  with  an  old  system  until  they  can  see 
what  is  to  be  put  in  its  place.  The  providing 
of  a  substitute  for  the  existing  order  in  the 
United  States  is  the  peculiar  and  indispensa- 
ble task  of  progressivism;  and  not  merely  a 
new  order,  but  a  new  faith,  "upon  the  rock  of 
which  may  be  built  a  better  structure  of  indi- 
vidual and  social  life."  The  object  of  the 
present  volume  is  to  consider  "whether  any 
substitute  is  needed  for  the  traditional  system, 
and  whether  progressivism  offers  any  prospect 
of  living  up  to  the  manifest  requirements  of 
the  part."  The  answer  to  both  questions  is, 
of  course,  affirmative;  and  whatever  one's 
opinion  of  the  conclusions  reached,  it  must  be 
conceded  that  the  spirit  in  which  the  inquiry 
is  made  is  altogether  commendable. 

The  vital  defect  of  the  existing  system  is 
conceived  to  be  the  indirectness  of  popular 
control  over  the  national  government.  The 
Constitution  is  too  difficult  to  amend;  the 
workings  of  the  government  are  controlled  too 
much  by  legalism  rather  than  by  the  public 
will ;  the  courts  have  become  the  irresponsible 
interpreters  of  the  Constitution,  and  therefore 
the  irresponsible  makers  of  law  under  the 
Constitution.  The  best,  and  only  real,  remedy 
is  declared  to  be  direct  government  by  the 
people,  "entered  into  with  wisdom  and  cau- 
tion." That  direct  government  —  taking  ex- 


pression chiefly  in  the  initiative,  the  referen- 
dum, and  the  recall  —  is  retrogressive,  merely 
because  its  methods  exhibit  certain  analogies 
to  those  used  in  city  and  tribal  states,  is 
denied;  and  in  a  chapter  under  the  title 
"Direct  versus  Representative  Government" 
will  be  found  an  argument  as  masterful  as 
has  been  put  in  print  in  favor  of  the  direct 
system.  The  nationalizing  of  our  democracy, 
while  preserving  in  state  and  city  vigorous 
agencies  of  local  self-government;  the  break- 
ing of  the  paralyzing  grip  of  legalism,  while 
preserving  the  respect  of  the  people  for  law ; 
the  extension  to  the  body  politic  of  unre- 
stricted and  immediate  control  over  its  gov- 
ernmental institutions,  while  perpetuating  the 
practical  conveniences  of  the  representative 
system, —  these  are  the  supreme  ends  toward 
which,  we  are  assured,  all  true  progressivism 
moves. 

The  cardinal  proposition  of  Mr.  Lippmann  's 
book  is  that  in  the  present  era  of  unrest  there 
is  too  much  aimless  drifting,  too  much  futile 
beating  of  the  waves,  and  not  enough  mastery 
of  the  situation  such  as  the  people  are  capable 
of  if  only  they  be  well-informed,  courageous, 
and  ably  led.  That  the  epoch  in  which  we 
live  is  one  of  unrest  is  a  condition  not  of  our 
choosing.  The  case  against  absolutism,  com- 
mercial oligarchy,  and  unquestioned  creeds 
has  been  made  out.  "The  rebel  program  is 
stated.  Scientific  invention  and  blind  social 
currents  have  made  the  old  authority  impos- 
sible in  fact,  the  artillery  fire  of  the  iconoclasts 
has  shattered  its  prestige.  We  inherit  a  rebel 
tradition."  In  this  situation, , the  battle  for 
us,  we  are  admonished,  lies  not  against  crusted 
prejudice  but  against  the  chaos  of  a  new  free- 
dom. The  danger  is  no  longer  from  unreason- 
ing conservatism,  but  rather  from  the  anarchy 
of  untried,  unorganized,  combative  radical- 
ism. There  must  somewhere  be  mastery,  and 
under  twentieth  century  conditions  and  ideas 
the  only  possible  master  is  the  people.  This 
means  democracy.  But  democracy  must  be 
conceived  as  something  more  than  the  absence 
of  czars,  more  than  freedom,  more  than  equal 
opportunity.  "It  is  a  way  of  life,  a  use  of 
freedom,  an  embrace  of  opportunity."  It  is 
positive,  virile,  fundamental. 

But  the  proper  mastery  of  their  own  affairs 
by  the  people  is  conditioned  upon  several 
things.  It  involves  intelligence,  alertness,  and 
strong  civic  sense.  ' '  A  servile  community  will 
have  a  master,  if  not  a  monarch  then  a  land- 
lord or  a  boss,  and  no  legal  device  will  save  it. 
A  nation  of  uncritical  drifters  can  change 
only  the  form  of  tyranny,  for,  like  Christian's 
sword,  democracy  is  a  weapon  in  the  hands  of 
those  who  have  the  courage  and  the  skill  to 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


117 


wield  it;  in  all  others  it  is  a  rusty  piece  of 
junk. ' '  The  mastery  of  the  people  involves 
also  a  new  .industrial  emancipation.  No  one 
unafflicted  with  invincible  ignorance,  we  are 
told,  desires  to  preserve  our  economic  system 
in  its  existing  form.  The  thought  is  that 
there  can  be  no  true  political  democracy  unless 
there  is  a  much  closer  approach  than  at  pres- 
ent to  an  economic  democracy.  Men  must  be 
reasonably  well-to-do  and  accustomed  to  self- 
mastery  before  they  can  achieve  a  stable  and 
masterful  social  or  political  democracy. 

Recognizing  that  the  day  is  past  when  any- 
body can  pretend  to  have  laid  down  an  inclu- 
sive or  final  analysis  of  the  democratic  prob- 
lem, Mr.  Lippmann  seeks  in  his  book  to  diag- 
nose the  current  unrest  and  to  ' '  arrive  at  some 
sense  of  what  democracy  implies."  As  he 
frankly  explains,  his  chapters  touch  upon  the 
American  problem  at  only  a  few  significant 
points.  Of  special  interest  is  his  discussion  of 
the  problem  of ' '  big  business, ' '  the  labor  move- 
ment, the  trusts,  the  woman's  movement,  and 
the  contemporary  processes  of  intellectual  and 
social  emancipation.  But  the  book  is  notable 
for  its  points  of  view  and  for  its  penetrating, 
often  caustic,  observations  upon  the  phenom- 
ena of  our  time,  rather  than  for  systematic 
discussion  of  any  subject  or  group  of  subjects. 
It  is  not  a  book  of  information,  but  one  of 
suggestion.  If  it  preaches  the  doctrine  of 
progressi vism,  it  does  so  by  the  general  tenor 
of  its  philosophy,  not  by  the  grosser  method 
of  direct  argument.  It  could  not  more  deftly 
supplement  Mr.  Croly  's  book  if  it  had  been 
written  expressly  for  the  purpose. 

In  his  " Progressivism  —  and  After"  Mr. 
Walling  has  given  us,  from  the  point  of  view 
of  a  socialist,  an  economic  interpretation  of 
contemporary  American  politics.  That  poli- 
tics in  our  day  has  well-nigh  become  a  mere 
exercise  in  applied  economics,  is  a  fact  known 
to  every  competent  observer.  Three-fourths  of 
the  time  Mr.  Croly  and  Mr.  Lippmann  are 
writing  in  their  books  about  matters  which  are 
distinctly  economic,  or  which  involve  impor- 
tant economic  relationships.  Progressivism  is 
itself  builded  upon  the  unrest  which  arises 
principally  from  economic  conditions.  It  is 
not  unnatural,  therefore,  that  Mr.  Walling 
seeks  to  follow  out  in  his  thought  the  prepon- 
derating economic  trend  and  attempts  to  iden- 
tify certain  phases  of  present  political  and 
industrial  development  as  stages  in  the  his- 
toric process  whose  ultimate  product,  as  he 
views  it,  is  to  be  the  socialistic  state.  That  a 
complete  and  absolute  social  democracy  is  to 
be  the  eventual  outcome  of  past  and  present 
developments,  he  never  for  a  moment  doubts. 
The  rule  of  privileged  minorities  is  to  give 


way  to  that  of  privileged  majorities,  and  by 
assisting  in  the  establishment  of  true  majority 
rule,  albeit  at  first  in  the  domain  of  govern- 
ment only,  progressivism  is  playing  directly 
into  the  hands  of  socialism.  Of  course  Mr. 
Walling  does  not  expect  the  triumph  of  social- 
ism immediately.  On  the  contrary  that  event 
is,  he  admits,  a  long  way  off.  The  capitalistic 
regime  will  hold  out  yet  awhile,  and  it  will 
even  be  constrained  to  extend  to  the  wage- 
earning  masses  certain  further  improvements 
in  conditions  of  life  and  labor,  although  only 
as  an  expedient  to  increase  productivity  and 
profits,  not  at  all  from  considerations  of  altru- 
ism or  of  patriotism.  Eventually,  however, 
this  will  fail  to  satisfy  and,  the  way  having 
been  prepared  by  the  reforms  carried  through 
by  progressivism,  private  capitalism  will  be 
succeeded  by  state  capitalism;  that  in  time 
will  give  way  to  state  socialism,  or  laborism; 
and  from  this  it  will  be  but  a  step  to  the  social- 
istic society  in  its  final  and  idealized  form. 
FREDERIC  AUSTIN  OGG. 


ARCTIC  LANDS  FORLORN.* 


Under  the  happy  though  cheerless  title  of 
"Lands  Forlorn,"  Mr.  George  M.  Douglas 
tells  the  story  of  his  expedition  in  1911-12 
through  a  portion  of  the  Barren  Grounds  of 
Northern  Canada  to  the  mouth  of  the  Copper- 
mine River.  The  ostensible  object  of  the  jour- 
ney was  to  report  on  the  copper-bearing  rocks 
of  the  Coppermine;  but,  although  scientific 
data  of  value  were  obtained,  one  gets  the  im- 
pression throughout  the  narrative  that  the 
underlying  motive  was  exploration  pure  and 
simple.  Mr.  Douglas  had  been  engaged  for 
years  as  an  engineer  in  the  hot  and  arid  re- 
gions of  the  Southwest;  and  when  oppor- 
tunity came  for  a  holiday  he  naturally  chose, 
being  of  an  adventurous  and  resourceful 
disposition,  the  practically  unexplored  wilder- 
ness of  the  extreme  north.  The  journey  in- 
volved a  certain  amount  of  hardship,  and 
enough  danger  to  give  spice  to  the  adventure ; 
but  what  one  finds  peculiarly  refreshing  is  the 
entire  absence  of  that  heroic  pose  that  marks 
so  many  narratives  of  more  or  less  original 
exploration.  Mr.  Douglas  makes  it  clear  that 
a  small  party  of  white  men,  accustomed  to 
roughing  it,  with  a  suitable  equipment,  and 
without  the  embarrassment  of  native  guides, 
can  not  only  travel  practically  anywhere  in 
Northern  Canada,  but  may  winter  there  with 
no  very  serious  danger  or  even  discomfort. 

The  route  was  by  rail  to  Edmonton,  thence 


*  LANDS  FORLORN.  The  Story  of  an  Expedition  to  Hearne's 
Coppermine  River.  By  George  M.  Douglas.  With  an  Intro- 
duction by  James  Douglas,  LL.D.  Illustrated.  New  York : 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 


118 


THE    DIAL 


[  Feb.  16 


by  stage  to  Athabaska  Landing  on  the  Atha- 
baska,  thence  by  canoe  and  scow  to  Fort  Mc- 
Murray,  and  by  the  steamers  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  to  Lake  Athabaska  and  Great 
Slave  Lake  and  down  the  Mackenzie  to  Fort 
Norman  at  the  mouth  of  Bear  River.  Here 
the  expedition  really  began,  Mr.  Douglas  and 
his  companions  being  henceforth  thrown  upon 
their  own  resources.  They  made  their  way  up 
Bear  River,  and  through  Great  Bear  Lake,  not 
without  a  good  deal  of  difficulty  by  reason  of 
the  ice;  and  finally  reached  Dease  River, 
where  they  built  a  comfortable  log  cabin  to 
serve  as  headquarters.  From  this  point  to  the 
Coppermine  was  no  very  great  distance  as  the 
crow  flies,  but  the  intervening  country  pre- 
sented serious  difficulties,  not  the  least  of 
which  was  the  fact  that  very  few  white  men 
had  passed  this  way  since  Hearne  discovered 
the  Coppermine  in  1771,  and  even  these  had 
left  most  imperfect  descriptions  of  the  route. 
Nevertheless  Mr.  Douglas  managed  before  the 
close  of  the  season  of  1911  to  make  his  way 
over  the  height  of  land  and  down  to  the  Cop- 
permine. Feeling  that  the  way  was  now  clear 
to  their  more  ambitious  expedition  planned 
for  the  succeeding  spring,  he  and  his  compan- 
ions settled  down  for  the  long  winter  at  Hodg- 
son's  Point,  their  main  camp. 

The  chapter  devoted  to  this  winter  in  the 
Arctic  makes  exceedingly  interesting  reading. 
An  ample  supply  of  the  right  kind  of  provis- 
ions had  been  brought  up  from  Edmonton, 
and  systematic  hunting  added  more  than  suffi- 
cient caribou  and  ptarmigan  to  keep  the  party 
in  fresh  meat,  and  for  variety  big  lake  trout 
could  be  got  through  the  ice  at  any  time ;  dead 
spruce  trees  kept  them  in  firewood.  The  work 
was  so  distributed  that  each  man  had  it  in 
turn  to  hunt,  cook,  and  collect  firewood;  the 
first  and  last  gave  them  outdoor  exercise, 
while  cooking  offered  endless  opportunities 
for  culinary  experiments  not  always  favorably 
received.  Bird  life  was  remarkably  abundant 
for  this  rigorous  country;  ptarmigan  were 
plentiful  all  the  time,  usually  in  large  flocks, 
ravens  were  occasionally  seen,  as  well  as  sev- 
eral kinds  of  hawks,  whisky-jacks,  chickadees, 
and  once  a  big  snow-white  owl.  The  only 
really  serious  drawback  seems  to  have  been 
the  absence  of  a  convenient  circulating  library. 
Their  stock  of  literature  was  naturally  small. 
Mr.  Douglas  had  borrowed  Michelet's  ''His- 
tory of  France"  from  the  Hudson's  Bay  Com- 
pany's factor  at  Fort  Simpson,  and  this 
proved  a  godsend  to  the  party.  It  was  read 
and  re-read,  though  in  a  manner  that  was 
surely  somewhat  original.  "It  was  in  two 
volumes, ' '  says  Mr.  Douglas,  ' '  and  the  Doctor 
would  read  one  while  I  pored  over  the  other; 


then  we  would  exchange,  and  re-exchange 
them.  Whether  he  knows  less  about  the  early 
history  of  France  now  than  I  do  I.  would  hesi- 
tate to  conjecture.  I  don't  think  Lion  ever 
tackled  this  book;  had  it  been  in  three  vol- 
umes he  might  have  done  so. ' '  These  winter 
quarters  were  some  twenty-five  miles  within 
the  Arctic  Circle;  the  sun  was  seen  for  the 
last  time  on  December  9,  and  for  the  first  time 
on  New  Year 's  day ;  the  temperature  in  Janu- 
ary ran  down  to  56°,  57°,  and  59°  below  zero. 
That  men  inexperienced  in  travel  in  the  far 
north  could  spend  a  winter  on  Great  Bear 
Lake,  not  merely  in  comfort  but  with  appar- 
ent enjoyment,  upsets  many  popular  impres- 
sions as  to  the  hardships  of  this  region. 

The  spring  journey  was  in  every  respect 
successful.  Thanks  to  their  careful  planning, 
and  the  knowledge  of  the  route  acquired  the 
previous  autumn,  the  explorers  reached  the 
Coppermine  without  serious  difficulty,  and 
made  their  way  down  to  its  mouth,  spending 
some  time  in  an  examination  of  the  copper 
deposits.  Whether  or  not  profitable  ore  exists 
in  this  country  cannot  be  determined  without 
a  more  thorough  survey.  Throughout  this 
part  of  the  narrative  one  obtains  exceedingly 
interesting  glimpses  of  the  Eskimos. 

The  book  is  illustrated  with  reproductions 
of  nearly  two  hundred  photographs  taken  in 
the  course  of  the  journey,  all  interesting  and 
some  remarkably  so.  One  that  has  rather  a 
tragic  interest  represents  Radford  and  Street 
of  the  Mounted  Police  in  their  canoe,  at  Fort 
Simpson,  as  they  started  out  on  the  expedition 
from  which  they  never  returned. 

LAWRENCE  J.  BURPEE. 


RECENT  FICTION.* 


The  publication  of  an  English  version  of 
M.  Artzibashef's  "Sanine"  is  bound  to  at- 
tract attention.  The  book  has  been  widely 
regarded  as  an  expression  of  the  despair  into 
which  the  Russian  intelligentsia  degenerated 
after  the  failure  of  the  last  attempt  to  obtain 
a  truly  constitutional  government,  a  despair 
which  substituted  doubt  for  faith  and  self- 
indulgence  for  self-sacrifice.  It  created  a 
furore  in  Europe.  Saninism  became  a  cult 
which  spread  rapidly  through  young  Russia. 
The  idea  behind  it  was  that  the  only  happi- 
ness in  life  is  to  be  found  in  the  satisfaction 
of  one's  immediate  desires  —  an  idea  which 
the  book  upholds  by  precept  rather  than  by 
example  since,  with  the  exception  of  the  hero, 

*  SANINE.  By  Michael  Artzibashef.  Translated  into  En- 
glish by  Percy  Pinkerton,  with  a  Preface  by  Gilbert  Cannan. 
New  York  :  B.  W.  Huebsch. 

YOUNG  EARNEST.  By  Gilbert  Cannan.  New  York  :  D.  Apple- 
ton  &  Co. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


119 


unhappiness  is  visited  alike  on  those  who 
yield  to  their  instincts  and  those  who  do  not. 
Until  now  "Sanine"  has  been  regarded  as 
unsuitable  for  translation  into  English,  not 
merely  because  of  its  scenes  of  passion  (which 
could,  and  to  a  degree  have  been,  eliminated) 
but  because  of  its  point  of  view,  so  alien  to 
the  Anglo-Saxon  in  its  acceptance  of  sex- 
hunger.  Professor  William  Lyon  Phelps 
takes  M.  Artzibashef  seriously,  assuring  us 
that  while  the  tendency  of  this  novel  is  to  be 
deplored  its  art  proves  the  author  a  man  "to 
be  reckoned  with."  Mr.  Gilbert  Cannan,  who 
has  made  out  as  good  a  case  for  the  book  as  is 
possible,  takes  rather  the  opposite  view.  He 
remarks  in  his  Preface  to  the  present  version : 

"  It  has  been  objected  to  M.  Artzibashef 's  work 
that  it  deals  so  little  with  love  and  so  much  with 
physical  necessity.  That  arises,  I  fancy,  because 
his  journalistic  intention  has  overridden  his  artis- 
tic purpose.  He  has  been  exasperated  into  frank- 
ness rather  than  moved  to  truth.  He  has  desired 
to  lay  certain  facts  of  modern  existence  before  the 
world  and  has  done  so  in  a  form  which  could  gain 
a  hearing,  as  a  pure  work  of  art  probably  could 
not.  He  has  attempted  a  re-valuation  where  it 
was  most  needed,  where  the  unhappy  Weininger 
failed.  Weininger  demanded,  insanely,  that  hu- 
manity should  renounce  sex  and  the  brutality  it 
fosters;  Artzibashef  suggests  that  the  brutishness 
should  be  accepted  frankly,  cleared  of  confusion 
with  love,  and  slowly  mastered  so  that  out  of  pas- 
sion love  can  grow." 

We  suspect  that  M.  Artzibashef  will  find  some 
little  difficulty  in  understanding  what  Mr. 
Cannan  is  talking  about,  if  he  ever  reads  the 
English  Preface  to  his  novel ;  but  no  matter. 
It  is  hard  to  believe  that  "Sanine"  would 
have  gained  less  of  a  hearing  if  it  had  been 
true  instead  of  merely  frank,  like  one  of  M. 
Brieux's  plays,  but  there  is  no  question  about 
the  justice  of  Mr.  Cannan 's  adjectives. 
"Sanine"  is  journalistic  and  frank  rather 
than  artistic  and  true.  M.  Artzibashef  is 
hardly  more  to  be  "reckoned  with"  than  any 
one  of  a  dozen  contemporary  American  nov- 
elists. He  has  set  out  to  smash  certain  roman- 
tic notions  about  the  sex  motive,  but  in  so  far 
as  he  is  successful  he  has  only  substituted  one 
sentimentality  for  another.  His  admiration 
for  Sanine,  the  strong,  healthy,  natural  man 
who  always  takes  what  he  wants  and  never 
regrets,  who  always  says  exactly  what  he 
means  and  who  is  as  free  from  illusions  as  he 
is  from  doubts,  is  almost  as  naive  as  the 
adolescent  boy's  admiration  for  Jesse  James. 
Sanine  is  the  kind  of  dream  of  strength  and 
beauty  one  might  expect  a  highly  introspec- 
tive, unhappy,  and  physically  weak  man  to 
construct  for  himself.  Those  who  are  much 
given  to  the  torture  of  doubt,  and  especially 


those  who,  lacking  vitality,  exaggerate  the 
satisfactions  of  physical  strength,  are  as  sus- 
ceptible to  this  sort  of  romanticism  exactly  as 
vulgar,  brutish  people  are  susceptible  to  a 
kind  of  fine  sentiment  that  amuses  or  disgusts 
persons  of  a  critical  sensibility.  Those  who 
thunder  against  such  a  book  and  those  who 
hail  it  with  a  glad  cry  are  perhaps  equally 
mistaken.  Its  capacity  to  do  good  and  its 
capacity  to  do  harm  are  alike  limited.  But 
whatever  its  defects  it  is  a  sincere  work. 

Mr.  Cannan 's  "Young  Earnest"  is  very 
much  in  the  vein  of  its  predecessor,  "Old 
Mole."  It  is  better  organized,  but  there  are 
not  so  many  good  bits  in  it.  No  one  can  possi- 
bly take  exception  to  it  on  the  same  grounds  as 
exception  has  been  taken  to  M.  Artzibashef 's 
book.  Rene  Fourmy,  the  "young  Earnest" 
of  the  title,  is  an  instructor  in  economics  at  a 
provincial  university  who  runs  away  from 
his  classes  and  his  wife  to  adopt  driving  a 
taxi-cab  as  a  profession  and  to  take  a  Lon- 
don factory  girl  as  a  mistress.  Mr.  Cannan 
is  still  vigorously  engaged  in  attacking  bour- 
geois society.  It  is  characteristic  that  the 
struggle  in  his  hero 's  mind,  which  is  the  strug- 
gle to  "escape  from  sleep  and  death,"  should 
take  him  from  a  university  instructorship  to 
taxi-driving.  It  is  characteristic,  also,  that 
Mr.  Cannan  should  be  much  more  convincing 
about  the  sleep  and  death  than  about  the 
escape  from  it.  The  story  of  how  Linda 
Brock,  clever,  pretty,  conscienceless,  set  out 
to  capture  Rene  Fourmy  is  well  done;  the 
story  of  Ann  Puddick  is  well  done ;  and  even 
the  story  of  Catherine,  whom  he  finally  mar- 
ried, is  well  done.  But  somehow  or  other, 
though  the  women  are  well  sketched  in,  the 
man,  who  should  be  something  more  than  a 
sketch,  is  never  put  before  us.  The  book 
remains  amusing,  and  sometimes  moving,  but 
it  is  not  very  real.  Mr.  Cannan  has  so  much 
to  say  about  his  people  that  he  has  to  save  on 
the  space  he  uses  in  presenting  them.  In  the 
endeavor  to  put  the  material  of  a  very  long 
novel  into  a  minimum  of  pages  he  skips  too 
much.  There  are  conversations  between  Rene 
and  his  mother,  Rene  and  his  father,  and 
Rene  and  the  three  women  with  whom  he 
successively  lives,  of  which  one  feels  that  peo- 
ple don't  say  such  things.  Mr.  Cannan  is 
aware  of  it.  He  has  tried  to  give  us  the  essen- 
tials of  their  talk,  having  lent  his  people  his 
own  expressiveness  in  order  to  save  our  being 
bored  with  their  inexpressiveness,  but  he  sac- 
rifices too  much  of  the  illusion.  We  feel,  as 
we  have  felt  before  of  Mr.  Cannan 's  novels, 
that  this  book  is  the  artistic  experiment,  im- 
mensely interesting,  of  a  talent  both  "young" 
and  "Earnest."  LUCIAN  GARY. 


120 


THE    DIAL. 


Feb.  16 


BRIEFS  ox  KEW  BOOKS. 


If  not  his  best  book.  M.  Maeter- 

M.  Maeterlinck        ,.,,//  m1         TT    i  /^i          A.  » 

on  subliminal       linck  s      The  Unknown  Guest 

(Dodd)  is  certainly  one  of  the 
most  readable  and  stimulating  works  which  he 
has  yet  produced.  The  clearness  of  his  style, 
even  in  an  English  translation,  is  nothing 
short  of  amazing  and  a  revelation  to  English 
readers  accustomed  to  the  cumbersome  and  in- 
tricate subtleties  of  other  writers  in  similar 
fields.  William  James  and  M.  Bergson  have 
brought  modern  philosophies  out  of  the  clos- 
ets ;  but  an  infinitely  more  difficult  task  is  his 
who  brings  mysticism  into  the  light  of  com- 
mon day  and  makes  of  it  the  most  triumphant 
sort  of  common  sense.  Of  the  five  chapters  in 
the  present  book,  three  have  already  appeared 
in  as  many  different  magazines :  ' '  The  Knowl- 
edge of  the  Future, ' ' ' '  The  Elberf  eld  Horses, ' ' 
and  "The  Unknown  Guest."  The  other  two 
chapters,  "Phantasms  of  the  Living  and  the 
Dead ' '  and  ' '  Psychometry, ' '  are  new.  The 
book  is  the  second  of  a  trilogy:  the  first  was 
an  essay  on  death,  entitled  "Our  Eternity"; 
the  present  volume,  dealing  with  veridical 
apparitions  and  hallucinations,  psychometric 
manifestations,  and  all  manner  of  subliminal 
phenomena,  is  to  be  followed  by  a  third  which 
will  "treat  of  the  miracles  of  Lourdes  and 
other  places,  the  phenomena  of  so-called 
materialization,  of  the  divining-rod  and  of 
fluidic  asepsis."  In  his  chapter  on  "The 
Knowledge  of  the  Future,"  M,  Maeterlinck 
presents  a  brief  but  trenchant  scientific 
critique  of  the  mightiest  of  all  mysteries, 
psychological  or  theological.  His  investiga- 
tion at  Elberfeld  of  Herr  Krall  and  his  won- 
derful "denkende  Tiere,"  Muhammed,  Zarif, 
and  the  rest,  leaves  little  to  be  desired  from 
the  standpoint  of  scientific  criticism,  and  cer- 
tainly nothing  at  all  from  that  of  artistic 
presentation.  M.  Maeterlinck  sees  in  these 
animals  indubitable  indications  of  clairvoy- 
ancy,  and  so  thinks  it  proper  to  discuss  their 
miracles  of  rapid  calculation  and  spontaneous 
thought-origination  along  with  the  other  mul- 
tiform and  restless  travailings  of  "the  un- 
known guest. ' '  There  is  within  us,  he  writes, 
"a  strange,  inconsistent,  whimsical  and  dis- 
concerting" entity  that  "seems  to  live  on 
nothing  but  nondescript  fare  borrowed  from 
worlds  to  which  our  intelligence  as  yet  has  no 
access.  It  lives  under  our  reason,  in  a  sort  of 
invisible  and  perhaps  eternal  palace,  like  a 
casual  guest,  dropped  from  another  planet, 
whose  interests,  ideas,  habits,  passions  have 
naught  in  common  with  ours  ...  It  knows 
everything,  perhaps,  but  is  ignorant  of  the 
uses  of  its  knowledge.  It  has  its  arms  laden 


with  treasures  .  .  .  Lastly,  even  at  its  best 
moments,  it  behaves  as  though  the  fate  of  the 
being  in  whose  depth  it  dwells  interested  it 
hardly  at  all,  as  though  it  had  but  an  insignifi- 
cant share  in  his  misfortunes,  feeling  assured, 
one  might  almost  think,  of  an  independent  and 
endless  existence."  This  "unknown  guest" 
pervades  the  book,  and  gives  to  its  several 
chapters  a  gripping  unity. 


If  you  don 't  believe  that  agricul- 

F arming  as  *     .  ..  ...  °   ,  . 

the  finest  of  ture  is  a  noble  calling,  ranking 
high  among  the  learned  profes- 
sions, read  Dr.  Harvey  W.  "Wiley's  book,  "The 
Lure  of  the  Land"  (Century),  in  which  the 
former  Chief  Chemist  of  our  national  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  now  a  scientific  farmer 
in  Virginia,  ably  and  at  the  same  time  with 
much  charm  of  manner  defends  the  thesis  that 
"farming  requires  the  greatest  industry,  the 
keenest  intellect,  and  the  best  training  of  all 
of  the  professions."  Though  waiting  until 
comparatively  late  in  life  before  furnishing 
the  most  convincing  possible  proof  of  his  faith 
in  farming  as  the  worthiest  of  mortal  pursuits, 
Dr.  Wiley  was  born  and  bred  on  a  farm  and 
was  from  childhood  familiar  with  the  praises 
of  farming  life  from  his  father's  lips.  A 
favorite  story  often  told  by  that  wise  father 
was  as  follows:  "A  farmer  with  three  sons 
was  asked  what  he  purposed  to  make  of  them. 
He  replied:  'John  is  the  brightest  of  my 
boys,  the  most  industrious,  anxious  to  work, 
and  quick  to  learn.  I  am  going  to  make  a 
farmer  of  him.  Sam  would  rather  talk  than 
work,  and  is  fond  of  telling  all  he  knows  and 
much  that  he  imagines.  I  am  going  to  make  a 
lawyer  of  him.  Thomas  is  the  laziest  one  of  all 
my  boys.  In  fact,  he  is  so  lazy  that  he  never 
gets  into  any  trouble  of  any  kind.  I  am  going 
to  make  a  preacher  of  him.'  '  One  could 
hardly  be  better  qualified  than  Dr.  Wiley  both 
to  engage  intelligently  in  scientific  farming 
and  to  write  instructively  and  entertainingly 
about  it.  Going  "at  a  plump  age,"  as  he 
expresses  it,  to  till  the  soil,  he  has  both  a  stock 
of  useful  technical  knowledge  in  agricultural 
chemistry  and  a  good  supply  of  apt  idioms 
wherewith  to  communicate  his  knowledge  and 
the  results  of  his  experience  to  intending 
farmers  and  to  those  other  readers  who  must 
content  themselves  with  enjoying  his  book 
without  yielding  to  "the  lure  of  the  land." 
Comparatively  few  are  those  who  can  wisely 
and  successfully  follow  his  example  in  taking 
up  "farming  after  fifty,"  but  there  are  thou- 
sands of  younger  men,  already  tilling  the  soil 
or  about  to  engage  in  that  industry,  who 
should  be  able  to  profit  by  the  admonition  and 
advice  of  this  expert  agriculturist. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


121 


The  war  as  war    wiH     nOt    last 

«  prelude  to  f  orever,  and  it  is  not  too  soon  to 
forecast  its  effect  upon  society. 
Among  those  who  have  sought  to  pierce  the 
veil  of  the  future  is  Mr.  L.  Cecil  Jane,  whose 
volume  entitled  "The  Nations  at  War:  The 
Birth  of  a  New  Era"  (Button)  is  a  strangely 
optimistic  prophecy.  If  one  half  of  the  bless- 
ings that  Mr.  Jane  categorically  states  will 
follow  in  the  train  of  this  war  should  actually 
ensue,  the  nations  would  have  secured  them  at 
a  bargain.  The  author  believes  that  this  war 
will  usher  in  an  age  of  toleration  to  supersede 
intolerance  in  the  recognition  of  nationalism, 
and  of  voluntary  assent  in  place  of  coercion  in 
government.  These  two  substitutions  will  ful- 
fil all  the  law  and  the  prophets ;  arbitration 
will  settle  international  and  domestic  disputes ; 
militarism  will  perish,  because  the  fallacy  of 
entrusting  the  maintenance  of  peace  to  an 
armed  camp  has  been  exposed;  the  work  of 
the  French  Revolution  will  be  consummated 
in  the  triumph  of  democracy;  strikes  will  be 
no  more,  because  employer  and  employee  will 
approach  each  other  as  friends  with  common 
interests ;  the  sexes  will  be  on  a  legal  equality ; 
the  agencies  of  culture,  religion,  and  govern- 
ment will  all  press  forward  with  new  ideals  of 
tolerant  cooperation ;  statesmen  will  be  sought, 
rather  than  party-men,  by  an  electorate  which 
has  a  new  sense  of  values.  Few  readers  will 
go  all  the  way  to  his  Utopia  with  Mr.  Jane,  but 
one  may  catch  something  of  his  enthusiasm, 
and  be  the  better  for  it.  If  the  world  is  going 
to  be  better  after  this  war,  as  it  must  be,  not 
one  man  but  millions  of  men  must  have  the 
faith  and  the  optimism  of  Mr.  Jane.  The  only 
way  that  one  may  sit  in  the  present  darkness 
with  any  comfort  is  to  believe  that  the  light  of 
a  better  day  is  about  to  break  in  men 's  hearts. 
It  is  encouraging  that  such  a  book  as  this 
should  find  a  publisher  at  the  present  time. 

Health  in  its  The  socialization  of  medicine  in- 
social  aspects  volves  not  only  the  application 
lce-  of  the  discoveries  of  biological 
and  medical  sciences  in  the  fields  of  public 
and  social  hygiene,  sanitation,  and  preventive 
medicine,  but  also  the  creation  of  a  sound  pub- 
lic opinion  based  on  a  knowledge  and  appre- 
ciation of  the  discoveries  of  the  past  few  years 
which  are  revolutionizing  medical  science  and 
practice.  One  of  the  main  factors  in  the  crea- 
tion of  such  a  public  opinion  is  the  ability  to 
command  a  hearing  in  this  day  of  health  fad- 
dists and  of  negations.  Dr.  Woods  Hutchin- 
son  wields  so  trenchant  a  pen  that  his  readers 
are  always  interested  and  entertained,  if  not 
convinced.  Unstilted,  untechnical,  versatile, 
and  rich  in  allusion  to  affairs  past  and  pres- 
ent, he  challenges  the  mind  of  his  reader  by 


the  brilliancy  and  piquancy  of  his  attack,  the 
wealth  of  his  material,  and  the  forcefulness 
with  which  he  repeatedly  drives  home  the  sig- 
nificant conclusions  regarding  diseases  and 
their  social  consequences.  His  latest  volume 
of  essays,  "Civilization  and  Health"  (Hough- 
ton)  ,  is  a  rapid-fire  defence  of  the  new  science 
of  preventive  medicine,  of  the  utilization  of 
guinea  pigs  in  medical  research,  and  of  the 
feminist  movement  in  so  far  as  it  offers  a 
wider  field  of  action  for  women  and  is  based 
on  a  candid  recognition  of  the  physical  differ- 
ences between  men  and  women  in  their  nervous 
organization  and  limitations.  He  also  takes  up 
the  cudgels  for  the  employer's  interest  in  the 
employee's  health,  the  regulation  of  industry 
from  the  standpoint  of  hygiene  and  health, 
personal  and  national,  lends  a  hand  to  the 
"swat  the  fly"  and  pure  milk  campaigns,  and 
has  a  good  word  to  say  for  the  vacation  habit 
and  the  out-of-door  life.  Such  books  make  for 
intelligent  citizenship,  and  for  efficiency  in  the 
hygienic  functioning  of  the  body  politic. 

Varied  aspects        In  Mr-  JaKleS  Davenpqrt  Whelp- 

of  American  ley  s  volume  entitled  Amer- 
ican Public  Opinion"  (Button) 
there  are  presented  fourteen  essays  upon 
varied  aspects  of  the  public  affairs  of  this 
country.  All  save  two  have  appeared  pre- 
viously in  English  or  American  magazines. 
Five  deal  with  subjects  of  a  domestic  nature, 
including  two  in  which  there  are  some  observa- 
tions upon  the  character  of  public  opinion  in 
this  country.  The  other  nine  deal  with  phases 
of  foreign  policy  —  the  handicaps  of  the  diplo- 
matic service,  the  Monroe  Doctrine,  food  as  an 
international  asset,  and  the  relations  of  the 
United  States  with  Mexico,  with  the  Balkan 
States,  with  Russia,  with  Japan,  and  with  the 
Far  East  in  general.  There  is  not  in  the  essays 
much  that  is  new  or  anything  that  is  profound. 
There  is  a  good  deal  that  is  inaccurate.  For 
example,  in  the  opening  paragraph  of  "The 
Overtaxed  Melting-Pot"  we  are  told  that  the 
immigration  measure  vetoed  in  1913  by  Presi- 
dent Taft  imposed  a  literacy  test  upon  every 
alien  coming  to  the  United  States,  when  as  a 
matter  of  fact  large  numbers  of  newcomers 
(relatives  of  admissible  aliens)  were  specifi- 
cally exempted.  And  one  wonders  by  what 
sort  of  prescience  the  author  came  to  the 
knowledge  that  this  measure,  re-introduced  in 
the  present  Congress,  would  "in  time  become 
a  law  with  the  sanction  of  President  Wilson. ' ' 
The  work  of  the  Immigration  Commission  of 
1907  is  unjustly  criticized,  and  the  essay  is  in 
other  respects  at  fault.  All  in  all,  one  cannot 
repress  the  observation  that  if  these  papers 
were  to  be  reprinted,  they  should  first  have 
been  revised  and  corrected. 


122 


THE    DIAX, 


[Feb.  16 


A  camera 
actress  in 
West  Africa. 


The  cinematograph  is  playing 
no  small  part  in  undermining 
the  reading  habit  and  lessening 
the  demand  for  printed  books,  particularly 
among  the  rising  generation.  It  is  therefore 
somewhat  refreshing  to  discover  from  the  pen 
of  a  "movie"  actress  a  serious  book  devoted  to 
the  writer's  experiences  in  West  African 
wilds  while  collecting  films  depicting  native 
life,  and  when  posing  as  the  white  heroine  in 
Anglo- African  cinematograph  dramas  in  con- 
junction with  Major  Schomburgk.  Miss  M. 
Gehrts's  "A  Camera  Actress  in  the  Wilds  of 
Togoland"  (Lippincott)  is  written  with  little 
stress  on  the  professional  aspects  of  the  au- 
thor's remarkable  trip  into  the  remotest  cor- 
ners of  this  German  colony.  It  is,  rather,  an 
extensively  illustrated  narrative  of  the  jour- 
ney of  a  very  observant  woman, —  observant 
especially  of  German  efficiency  in  matters  of 
health  and  sanitation,  of  the  development  of 
commerce  and  industry,  and  discipline  of  the 
native  peoples  under  their  control.  She  is 
chiefly  interested  in  human  nature,  and  as  a 
result  her  narrative  is  concerned  more  with 
the  incidents  of  the  expedition  than  with  the 
natural  features  of  the  country  she  explored. 
Her  excellent  photographs  and  interesting 
chapters  tell  us  little  of  the  wild  life  of  the 
jungle,  but  are  replete  with  accounts  of  the 
native  tribes. 

Talks  on  life  "The  College  Course  and  the 
lliCcMwer  Preparation  for  Life"  (Hough- 
president,  ton)  is  a  series  of  eight  talks 
delivered  at  Williams  College  by  Dr.  Albert 
Parker  Fitch,  president  of  the  Faculty  of 
Andover  Theological  Seminary.  The  volume 
is  heartily  to  be  recommended  for  its  sane, 
stimulating,  and  vivid  discussion  of  the  life 
and  the  ideals  of  college  students.  President 
Fitch  writes  with  a  candor  and  an  undeviating 
directness  which  must  appeal  to  even  the  most 
blase  of  young  men.  Fearlessly,  nobly,  and 
with  good  will  for  all  youth,  in  his  chapter 
entitled  "The  Fight  for  Character"  the  au- 
thor searches  with  explicit  analysis  the  very 
heart  of  the  temptations  of  college  life,  and 
offers  wise  counsel  to  those  who  are  dwarfed 
and  cramped  by  unworthy  standards.  Whether 
read  by  collegians  or  by  others,  the  book  will 
prove  an  ardent  and  undidactic  call  to  higher 
ideals.  The  chapters  on  religious  experience, 
as  well  as  those  on  "The  Distaste  for  the 
Beautiful"  and  "Is  Learning  Essential?"  re- 
veal much  that  is  profoundly  significant  in 
the  trend  of  modern  life.  Here,  and  through- 
out the  book,  the  keen  idealism  of  a  tolerant 
yet  critical  observer  gives  special  zest  to  all 
that  President  Fitch  has  to  say. 


Sir  J.  G.  Frazer's  selection  of  Addison's  Essays, 
which  Messrs.  Macmillan  have  in  press,  will  be 
published  in  two  volumes  in  the  "  Eversley  Series." 

Professor  Roland  G.  Usher's  "  Pan- American- 
ism: A  Forecast  of  the  Inevitable  Clash  between 
the  United  States  and  Europe's  Victor "  appears 
among  the  March  announcements  of  the  Century 
Co. 

"  Chaucer  and  His  Poetry,"  by  Professor  George 
Lyman  Kittredge,  and  "  Mediaeval  Spanish  Alle- 
gory," by  Dr.  Chandler  B.  Post,  are  two  volumes 
announced  for  immediate  issue  by  the  Harvard 
University  Press. 

"  The  Healing  of  Nations  "  is  the  title  of  Mr. 
Edward  Carpenter's  new  volume  of  essays  which 
is  announced  for  early  issue.  In  the  volume  are 
essays  on  "  Psychology  of  War  and  Recruiting," 
"  War  and  Lust,"  and  "  Conscription." 

Mr.  Stephen  Graham's  articles  on  the  Russian 
Empire  of  to-day,  and  its  share  in  the  Great  War, 
will  be  republished  in  a  new  volume  entitled 
"  Russia  and  the  World."  The  work  will  be  illus- 
trated with  a  series  of  photogravure  plates. 

Mr.  Henry  Arthur  Jones's  volume  of  three  short 
plays,  which  Messrs.  George  H.  Doran  Co.  have  in 
press,  is  entitled  "  The  Theatre  of  Ideas."  In  the 
Introduction  the  author  satirizes  the  peace  move- 
ment and  prevalent  freak  theatre  movements  of 
the  day. 

A  collection  of  "African  Adventure  Stories " 
will  be  published  almost  immediately  in  this  coun- 
try and  England.  The  author  is  Mr.  J.  Alden 
Loring,  who  was  field  naturalist  to  the  Roosevelt 
African  Expedition,  and  Mr.  Roosevelt  contributes 
a  foreword. 

Miss  Evelyn  Underbill,  who  has  recently  collabo- 
rated with  the  Indian  mystic,  Mr.  Rabindranath 
Tagore,  in  the  translation  of  his  latest  volume, 
"  Songs  of  Kabir,"  is  now  at  work  on  a  book  to  be 
entitled  "  Practical  Mysticism,"  which  Messrs.  But- 
ton will  publish. 

A  critical  biography  of  Mr.  Edward  Carpenter 
has  been  written  by  Mr.  Edward  Lewis,  and  will  be 
one  of  the  books  of  the  early  spring.  It  will  con- 
tain a  systematic  exposition  of  Mr.  Carpenter's 
teaching,  together  with  some  personal  touches 
which  are  only  possible  from  the  pen  of  an  inti- 
mate friend. 

"  The  Message  of  Japan  to  America,"  recently 
published  by  Messrs.  Putnam,  is  to  be  followed  by 
a  companion  volume  entitled,  "  The  Message  of  the 
United  States  to  Japan,"  written  by  several  repre- 
sentative citizens  of  the  United  States.  The  same 
publishers  announce  a  study  of  James  Russell 
Lowell  as  a  critic,  by  Mr.  Joseph  J.  Reilly. 

Among  the  unusually  large  number  of  names  of 
prominent  English  and  American  novelists  repre- 
sented on  the  spring  announcement  lists  are  those 
of  Messrs.  H.  G.  Wells,  William  Locke,  E.  F. 
Benson,  Maurice  Hewlett,  W.  L.  Comfort,  Arthur 
Bullard  ("Albert  Edwards"),  Frank  Harris, 
Joseph  Conrad,  Eden  Phillpotts,  and  Theodore 
Dreiser. 


1915]    . 


THE    DIAL 


123 


Mr.  Francis  Gribble,  who  was  in  Luxemburg  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  war,  and  is  now  held  by  the 
Germans  as  a  prisoner,  has  a  new  book  coming 
out  very  soon  dealing  with  "  The  Royal  House  of 
Portugal."  The  author  traces  the  history  of  the 
House  of  Braganza  back  from  its  earliest  days  to 
the  revolution  which  resulted  in  its  exile  in  this 
country. 

Under  the  title  of  "  The  Lonely  Nietzsche,"  the 
Sturgis  &  Walton  Co.  will  soon  publish  the  second 
and  concluding  volume  of  the  authorized  life  of 
Friedrich  Nietzsche,  written  by  his  sister,  Mrs. 
Forster-Nietzsehe.  The  first  volume,  "  The  Young 
Nietzsche,"  dealt  with  the  years  of  childhood  and 
adolescence  of  the  philosopher;  the  present  book 
recounts  the  later  half  of  his  career. 

The  Drama  League  of  America  announces  a 
prize  of  one  hundred  dollars,  offered  by  Miss  Kate 
Oglebay,  National  Chairman  of  the  Junior  Work, 
for  the  best  play  for  children  from  six  to  sixteen 
years  of  age,  submitted  to  the  National  Committee 
by  June  1, 1915,  and  meeting  the  requirements  out- 
lined in  their  recent  Bulletin.  The  prize- winning 
play  will  be  published  by  Messrs.  Macmillan,  the 
author  of  it  receiving  the  usual  royalties  from 
publication. 

The  Rev.  Fr.  C.  C.  Martindale,  S.J.,  has  ac- 
cepted the  invitation  of  Cardinal  Bourne  and 
Mr.  A.  C.  Benson  to  write  the  authorized  Life  of 
Monsignor  R.  Hugh  Benson.  He  will  be  glad  to 
receive  letters  written  by  Monsignor  Benson  from 
any  who  are  kind  enough  to  lend  them.  They  may 
be  sent  to  him  at  Stonyhurst  College,  Blackburn, 
England,  and  will  in  all  cases  be  returned.  No 
other  biography  will  be  authorized  by  Monsignor 
Benson's  representatives. 

A  complete  translation  of  Treitschke's  history 
of  modern  Germany,  in  five  volumes,  running  to  a 
million  and  a  half  words,  is  being  arranged  by  a 
London  publisher.  It  is  expected  that  the  first 
volume  will  be  ready  in  April,  and  that  the  work 
will  be  completed  at  the  rate  of  one  volume  every 
three  months.  For  this  edition  a  supplementary 
volume  will  be  written  for  publication  after  the 
present  war,  carrying  the  narrative  from  the  point 
at  which  it  was  left  by  Treitschke  down  to  the 
declaration  of  peace. 

Mr.  Frederick  W.  Jenkins,  librarian  of  the 
Russell  Sage  Foundation  Library,  wishes  other 
librarians  to  know  of  his  collection  of  duplicate 
publications  on  applied  sociology.  These  are 
available  for  distribution,  and  full  information  on 
the  subject,  together  with  the  first  instalment  of  a 
list  of  these  offered  duplicates,  will  be  found  in  the 
January  "Library  Journal,"  which  continues  the 
list  in  subsequent  numbers.  Care  has  been  taken  to 
exclude  worthless  matter  from  the  list,  so  that  Mr. 
Jenkins's  offer  is  something  better  than  an  appeal 
for  congestion-relief. 

The  undertaking  of  a  concordance  to  the  Poeti- 
cal Works  of  Robert  Browning  was  announced  at 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  Concordance  Society  of 
America,  held  at  Columbia  University,  December 
30, 1914.  This  new  work  is  under  the  editorship  of 
Professor  L.  N.  Broughton  of  Cornell  University 
and  Professor  B.  F.  Stelter  of  the  University  of 


Southern  California,  who  wish  to  make  this  fur- 
ther announcement  of  their  undertaking  in  order 
to  avoid  any  possible  duplication  of  their  labors. 
Communications  regarding  the  work  may  be  ad- 
dressed to  Professor  L.  N.  Broughton,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

"  Fairyland,"  the  opera  by  Messrs.  Brian 
Hooker  and  Horatio  Parker  which  was  awarded 
first  prize  by  the  National  Committee  of  the  San 
Francisco  Exposition,  will  be  published  this  month 
by  the  Yale  University  Press.  Other  February 
books  of  this  house  include  a  new  translation  of 
Dante's  "  Divine  Comedy,"  prepared  by  Professor 
Henry  Johnson ;  "  Yale  Yesterdays,"  by  the  late 
Clarence  Deming ;  "  Centenary  of  the  Yale  Medi- 
cal School,"  edited  by  Dr.  William  H.  Carmalt; 
"  Critical  Essays  of  the  Eighteenth  Century," 
edited  by  Dr.  Willard  H.  Durham,  and  the  first 
volume  of  Bracton's  "  De  Legibus  et  Consuetudini- 
bus  Anglise,"  edited  by  Professor  George  E. 
Woodbine. 

The  Dunlap  Society  of  New  York  has  planned 
the  publication  of  books  and  prints  relating  to  the 
American  stage.  The  first  publication  of  the  so- 
ciety will  be  "An  Authentic  and  Impartial  Record 
of  the  Career  of  Dion  Boucicault"  by  Mr.  Town- 
send  Walsh.  Other  volumes  soon  to  be  issued 
include  "A  Memoir  of  Steele  MacKaye,"  by  Mr. 
Percy  MacKaye,  "A  Short  Account  of  the  Earlier 
Activities  of  the  Dunlap  Society,  with  a  Descrip- 
tive List  of  Its  Publications,"  by  Messrs.  Brander 
Matthews  and  Evert  Jansen  Wendell,  "A  History 
of  Mitchel's  Olympic  Theatre  "  by  Mr.  Thomas  J. 
McKee,  and  a  history  of  the  New  York  stage  from 
1900  to  date,  of  which  the  first  volume  will  appear 
in  the  autumn. 


OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  57  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY    AND    REMINISCENCES. 

Glass:  A  Biography  of  Henry  William 
Stiegel  and  an  Account  of  the  Method  Employed 
by  Him  in  the  Manufacture  of  Glass.  By  Fred- 
erick William  Hunter,  A.M.  Illustrated  in  color, 
etc.,  large  8vo,  272  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 
$10.  net. 

Some  Old  Scots  Judges:  Anecdotes  and  Impressions. 
By  W.  Forbes  Gray.  With  portraits,  8vo,  317 
pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $3.  net. 

Nathan  Hale,  1776:  Biography  and  Memorials.  By 
Henry  Phelps  Johnston.  Revised  and  enlarged 
edition;  illustrated,  large  8vo,  296  pages.  Yale 
University  Press.  $2.35  net. 

The  Life  of  Cervantes.  By  Robinson  Smith.  With 
frontispiece,  12mo,  121  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  & 
Co.  |1.  net. 

GENERAL   LITERATURE. 

Fantastic*,  and  Other  Fancies.  By  Lafcadio  Hearn; 
edited  by  Charles  Woodward  Hutson.  12mo,  242 
pages.  "Limited  Edition."  Houghton  Mifflin 
Co.  $5.  net. 

The  Villa  for  Coelebs.  By  J.  H.  Yoxall.  8vo,  344 
pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $2.  net. 

The  Plays  of  Eugene  Brleiix.  By  P.  V.  Thomas. 
12mo,  111  pages.  John  W.  Luce  &  Co. 

The  Orchard  Pavilion.  By  Arthur  Christopher  Ben- 
son. 16mo,  136  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 
$1.  net. 

NEW    EDITIONS     OF     STANDARD     LITERATURE. 

The  Song:  of  Roland.  Translated  into  English  verse 
by  Leonard  Bacon.  8vo,  160  pages.  Yale  Uni- 
versity Press.  $1.50  net. 

The  Small  Hymn-book:  The  World-book  of  the 
Yattendon  Hymnal.  Edited  by  Robert  Bridges. 
16mo.  Oxford:  B.  H.  Blackwell. 


124 


THE    DIAL 


[  Feb.  16 


The  Works  of  Edgar  Allan  Poe.  Collected  and 
edited  by  E.  C.  Stedman  and  G.  E.  Woodberry. 
New  edition;  in  10  volumes,  illustrated  in  photo- 
gravure, etc.,  8vo.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 
$20.  net. 

The  English  Poems  of  Henry  King,  D.D.,  1592-1669. 
Collected  and  edited  by  Lawrence  Mason,  Ph.D. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  226  pages.  Yale  University 
Press.  $1.35  net. 

The  History  of  England:  From  the  Accession  of 
James  the  Second.  By  Lord  Macaulay;  edited 
by  Charles  Harding  Firth,  M.A.  Volume  V. 
Illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  large  8vo.  Macmillan 
Co.  $3.25  net. 

DRAMA   AND   VERSE. 
New   Poems.     By  Robert   Browning  and   Elizabeth 

Barrett    Browning;     edited    by    Sir    Frederic    G. 

Kenyon.      With    photogravure    portraits,    12mo, 

186  pages.     Macmillan  Co.     $1.25  net. 
The  Free  Spirit:     Realizations  of  Middle  Age,  with 

a  Note  on  Personal  Expression.    By  Henry  Bryan 

Binns.       12mo,     175     pages.       B.     W.     Huebsch. 

$1.50   net. 
Possession:     One-act    Plays    of    Contemporary   Life. 

By  George  Middleton.     12mo,  217  pages.     Henry 

Holt  &  Co.       $1.35  net. 
The   \VItchmaId,   and   Other   Verses.      By    Dorothea 

Mackellar.     12mo,  99  pages.     E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 

$1.   net. 
The   Conquest,  and  Other  Poems.     By  Richard   Os- 

borne.     12mo,  271  pages.     Richard  G.  Badger. 
A  Page  of  Dreams.     By  George  Klingle.     12mo,  126 

pages.     Richard  G.  Badger.     $1.  net. 

FICTION. 

Mrs.  Martin's  Man.  By  St.  John  G.  Ervine.  12mo, 
312  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.35  net. 

James.  By  W.  Dane  Bank.  12mo,  320  pages. 
George  H.  Doran  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Three  Gentlemen  from  New  Caledonia.  By  R.  D. 
Hemingway  and  Henry  de  Halsalle.  12mo,  437 
pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.35  net. 

The  Hqunted  Heart.  By  Agnes  and  Egerton  Castle. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  396  pages.  D.  Appleton  & 
Co.  $1.35  net. 

The  Dusty  Road.  By  Therese  Tyler.  With  frontis- 
piece, 12mo,  326  pages.  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

Sheep's  Clothing.  By  Louis  Joseph  Vance.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  279  pages.  Little,  Brown  &  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

The  Romances  of  Vmosis  Ra.  By  Frederic  Thurs- 
tan.  12mo,  388  pages.  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 

Homebnrg  Memories.  By  George  Fitch.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  302  pages.  Little,  Brown  &  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

The  Magic  Tale  of  Harvanger  and  Yolande.  By 
G.  P.  Baker.  12mo,  358  pages.  George  H.  Doran 
Co.  $1.35  net. 

TRAVEL,    AND    DESCRIPTION. 

The  Home  of  the  Blizzard:  Being  the  Story  of  the 
Australian  Antarctic  Expedition,  1911-1914.  By 
Sir  Douglas  Mawson,  D.Sc.  In  2  volumes;  illus- 
trated in  photogravure,  etc.,  large  8vo.  J.  B. 
Lippincott  Co.  $9.  net. 

Antarctic  Adventure:  Scott's  Northern  Party.  By 
Raymond  E.  Priestley.  Illustrated,  large  8vo, 
382  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $5.  net. 

The  Old  East  Indiamen.  By  E.  Keble  Chatterton. 
Illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  large  8vo,  343  pages. 
J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  $3.  net. 

PUBLIC    AFFAIRS. —  POLITICS,    SOCIOLOGY, 
AND    ECONOMICS. 

"Welfare  as  an  Economic  Quantity.  By  G.  P.  Wat- 
kins.  12mo,  191  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 
$1.50  net. 

The  Law  and  the  Poor.  By  Edward  Abbott  Parry. 
8vo,  314  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $2.50  net. 

The  Middle  West  Side  and  Mothers  Who  Must  Earn. 
By  Otho  G.  Cartwright  and  Katharine  Anthony. 
Illustrated,  8vo,  223  pages.  Survey  Associates, 
Inc.  $2.  net. 

Conciliation  and  Arbitration  in  the  Coal  Industry 
of  America.  By  Arthur  E.  Suffern,  M.A.  8vo, 
371  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $2.  net. 

Italy's  Foreign  and  Colonial  Policy.  By  Senator 
Tommaso  Tittoni;  translated  by  Baron  Bernardo 
Quarunta  di  San  Severino.  With  portrait,  8vo, 
334  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $2.50  net. 

Boyhood  and  Lawlessness,  and  The  Neglected  Girl. 
By  Ruth  S.  True.  Illustrated,  8vo,  143  pages. 
Survey  Associates,  Inc.  $2.  net. 

The  Essence  and  the  Ethics  of  Politics:  Individual 
Messages  to  the  Public  Conscience.  By  S.  Arthur 
Cook.  12mo,  348  pages.  The  Abingdon  Press. 
$1.25  net. 


The  Creation  of  Wealth:  Modern  Efficiency  Methods 
Analyzed  and  Applied.  By  J.  H.  Lockwood. 
12mo,  225  pages.  Cincinnati:  The  Standard 
Publishing  Co.  $1.  net. 

BOOKS    ABOUT    THE    WAR. 
Germany  and  Europe.     By  J.   W.  Allen.      12mo,   133 

pages.     Macmillan  Co.     $1.  net. 
The    Nations    at   "War:     The    Birth    of    a    New    Era. 

By    L.     Cecil    Jane.       12mo,     228     pages.       E.     P. 

Dutton  &  Co.     $1.  net. 
Austria-Hungary    and    the    War.      By    Ernest    Lud- 

wig;      with     Preface     by     Konstantin     Theodor 

Dumba.       With     frontispiece,     12mo,     220    pages. 

J.  S.  Ogilvie  Publishing  Co. 
Aug-ust,  1914:     The  Coming  of  the  War.    By  Spenser 

Wilkinson.      12mo,   89   pages.     Oxford  University 

Press. 
The  Economic  Strength  of  Great  Britain.    By  Harold 

Cox.      12mo,    8    pages.      Macmillan    Co.      Paper, 

10   cts.   net. 

BOOKS    OF    REFERENCE. 

"Who's  Who  (in  England),  1915.  Svo,  2375  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  $3.75  net. 

Encyclopaedia  of  Religion  and  Ethics.  Edited  by 
James  Hastings  and  others.  Volume  VII.,  4to, 
911  pages.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

The  Desk  Standard  Dictionary  of  the  English  Lan- 
guage. Abridged  by  James  C.  Fernald,  L.H.D. 
Illustrated,  large  Svo,  894  pages.  Funk  &  Wag- 
nails  Co.  $1.50  net. 

The  Englishman's  Pocket  Latin-English  and  En- 
glish-Latin Dictionary.  By  S.  C.  Woodhouse, 
M.A.  16mo,  491  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 
75  cts.  net. 

Classified  Catalogue  of  the  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh,  1907-1911.  Part  X.,  Svo.  Pitts- 
burgh: Carnegie  Library.  Paper. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Efficiency  in  the  Household.  By  Thetta  Quay 
Franks.  Svo.  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

A  Handbook  of  American  Pageantry.  By  Ralph 
Davol.  Illustrated,  Svo,  236  pages.  Taunton, 
Mass.:  Davol  Publishing  Co. 

Law  and  Usage  of  "War:  A  Practical  Handbook  of 
the  Law  and  Usage  of  Land  and  Naval  Warfare 
and  Prize.  By  Sir  Thomas  Barclay.  12mo,  245 
pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Some  Staccato  Notes  for  Singers.  By  Marie  Withrow. 
16mo,  111  pages.  Oliver  Ditson  Co.  $1.  net. 

A  Decade  of  American  Government  in  the  Phil- 
ippines, 1903-1913.  By  David  P.  Barrows,  LL.D. 
With  portrait,  12mo,  66  pages.  World  Book  Co. 

Report  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  for  the  Year 
Ending  June  30,  1913.  Illustrated,  large  Svo, 
804  pages.  Washington:  Government  Printing 
Office. 

The  New  Chivalry.  By  Henry  E.  Jackson.  12mo, 
122  pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co.  50  cts.  net. 

Makers  of  America:  Franklin,  Washington,  Jeffer- 
son, and  Lincoln.  By  Emma  Lilian  Dana.  With 
portraits,  12mo,  205  pages.  New  York:  Immi- 
grant Publication  Society.  Paper. 


MRS.  RACHEL  WEST  CLEMENT 

Experienced  Authors'  Agent,  Reader  and  Critic,  Specializing  in  Short 

Stories.     Reading  lee,  $1.00  for  5,000  words  or  under,  includes  short 

criticism.  Circulars  on  request. 

6646  Germantown  Ave.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


WILLIAM  DOXEY 

AUTHORS*  AND  PUBLISHERS*  LITERARY  AGENT 
535  S.  WABASH  AVENUE,  CHICAGO 

MANUSCRIPTS  READ  AND  REPORTED. ...  MANUSCRIPTS  PREPARED   FORTHE 


ILLUSTRATIONS....MERITORIOUS  MANUSCRIPTS  PLACED 

CORRESPONDENCE  INVITED 


ART  vs.  PROFIT 

Do  you  wish  to  succeed  at  writing?  Then  forget  that  you  want 
to  make  money  out  of  it,  and  devote  yourself  to  doing  your  work 
well;  thus  will  you  achieve  artistic  excellence,  and  profit  will 
follow.  Let  us  send  you  free  our  beautiful  correspondence-study 
catalogue.  The  sight  of  it  is  an  aesthetic  tonic ;  its  contents  will 
be  a  revelation  to  you.  We  offer  over  100  courses  for  the  writer. 

School  of  Literary  Craftsmanship  and  Aesthetics 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


125 


FM      H  O I    I  Y   AUTHORS'   AND  PUBLISHERS' 
.  1V1  .    n*JLtl*M  REPRESENTATIVE 

156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York          ( Established  1305 J 
RATES  AND  FULL  INFORMATION  WILL  BE  SENT  ON  REQUEST 

THE  NEW  YORK  BUREAU  OF  REVISION 

Thirty-fifth  Year.  LETTERS  OF  CRITICISM,  EXPERT 
REVISION  OF  MSS.  Advice  as  to  publication.  Address 
DR.  TITUS  M.  CO  AN,  424  W.  1 1 9th  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

A  ¥  TT  ¥  ¥  f\  |3  Q  I     We  can  sell  your  stories,  poems,  etc. 

/\V^  1  l~lV-JlXijl     Terms,  15%.    Also  expert  criticism, 

revision  and  typing  of  MSS.Write  for 

circular.    W.  LABBERTON  CO.,  1308  Hoe  Ave.,  New  York  City. 

FACTS,  STATISTICS 

and  other  material  for  addresses,  reports,  essays.  Literary 
advice  and  criticism.  Revision  and  correction  of  MSS.  Gen- 
ealogical research.  Bureau  of  Research,  New  Albany,  Ind. 

MANUSCRIPTS 
CRITICISED       REVISED        PLACED 

N.  SHEPPARD 

149  WEST  14TH  STREET  NEW  YORK  CITY 

If  you  want  results  tend  stamp  for  circular 

PHOTO  PLAYWRIGHTS 

Send  your  rejected  photoplays  to  us  for  correction,  revision 
and  criticism.  Mss.  typed,  meritorious  scripts  placed. 
Authors  of  novels,  short  stories  and  books  wishing  their 
material  dramatized  and  placed  in  regular  photoplay  form, 
address  us  as  to  your  wants.  Circular  on  request. 

REX  LITERARY  BUREAU 

57  STOCKTON  ST.  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

MSS.  SUCCESSFULLY  PLACED 

Criticised,  Revised,  Typed 

Send  for  Leaflet  D 

References : 
Edwin  Markham  and  others.    Established  1890. 

UNITED  LITERARY  PRESS,  123  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 

"SHORTTYPING" 

is  a  new  and  unique  system  of  abbreviated  writing  which  can  be 
written  either  with  a  pen  or  on  a  typewriter.  By  its  assistance  an 
hour's  typewriting  can  be  done  in  thirty  minutes.  Invaluable  for 
those  who  feel  the  need  of  saving  time  in  writing,  but  who  lack 
the  time  needed  to  master  stenography. 

Price,  cloth  bound,  $1.25,  postpaid.  W\ 

Descriptive  circular  free  upon  request. 
BLUE  STAR  PUBLISHING  CO..  261  Broadway,  New  York 


Short -Story  Writing 

A  Course  of  forty  lessons  in  the  history, 
form,  structure,  and  writing  of  the 
Short-Story    taught   by   Dr.   J.   Bergr 
Esenwein,  Editor  of  Lippincott's  Magazine. 
One  student  writes:    "/  know  that  you  will 
be  pleased  when  I  tell  you  that  I  have  just 
received  a  check  for  $125  from  'Everybody 's ' 
for  a  humorous  story.     They  ask  for  more. 
I  am  feeling  very  happy,  and  very  grateful  to 
Dr.  Esenwein. ' 

Also  courses  in  Photoplay  Writing,  Versi- 
fication and  Poetics,  Journalism.     In  all, 
over  One  Hundred  Courses,  under  profcs- 
Dr.  Esenwein       sors  in  Harvard,  Brown,  Cornell,  and  other 
leading  colleges. 

250-Page  Catalog  Free.     Please  Address 

The  Home  Correspondence  School 

Dept.  571  Springfield,  Mass. 


A  Garden  Party 

By  ANNIE  WOOD  FRANCHOT 

A  delightful  gift  for  the  lovers  of  flowers  and  gardens.  This 
exquisite  little  garden  phantasy — a  poem  in  prose — will  be  a  fresh 
delight  to  all  lovers  of  flowers.  Each  flower  guest  as  it  comes  to  the 
delightful  party  has  its  human  characteristic  and  charm.  Even  the 
bees  and  birds  lend  their  music  to  the  scene.  All  the  old  favorites 
of  our  grandmothers'  and  mothers'  gardens  are  represented  at  the 
party  and  all  in  bright  array.  It  contains  a  touch  of  pathos  too, 
when  the  garden  party  is  brought  to  an  abrupt  and  tragic  end  by  the 
advent  of  Jack  Frost. 

Fully  illustrated  with  real  photographs  and  bound  in  four  colors: 
violet,  rose,  blue  and  light  grey;  sealed  with  gold  seals  fastening  a 
transparent  wrapper.  50  cents  net. 

For  Sale  by  BRENT ANO'S.  New  York;  CLARENCE  M. 

SMITH,  Rochester;  OTTO  ULBRICH  CO.,  Buffalo; 

F.  H.  OAKLEAF  CO.,  Clean,  N.Y. 


WAR  BABIES 

A  CHILD'S  BOOK.     By  ANNIE  WOOD  FRANCHOT 

Jacque  and  Jacqueline  are  two  French  children 
whose  adventures  begin  during  a  bombardment  of 
the  fortified  city  of  Verdun.  They  find  themselves 
alternately  in  French  and  German  hands,  but  at  last 
safely  harbored  in  a  good  old  Boston  home.  Exciting 
indeed  are  the  many  miraculous  adventures  that 
intervene. 

Illustrated  with  six  full-page  drawings  in  colors, 
and  thirteen  in  black-and-white.  $1.25  net. 

For  Sale  by  BRENTANO'S,  E.  P.  DUTTON  &  CO.,  New 
York;  CLARENCE  M.  SMITH.  Rochester;  OTTO  UL- 
BRICH CO.,  Buffalo;  F.  H.  OAKLEAF  CO.,  Clean,  N.Y. 


IN  PREPARA  TION 


IN  PREPARA  TION 


ALEXANDER  H.WYANT 

By  ELIOT  CLARK 

Crown  octavo.    Illustrated  in  color  and  in  photogravure, 
joo  copies  on  Dutch  handmade  paper  at  $12.50  net. 

Mr.  Clark's  biographical  and  critical  study  of 
Alexander  Wyant  is  distinguished  by  a  sympathetic 
appreciation  of  the  artist's  landscape  and  a  happi- 
ness in  the  elucidation  of  its  poetic  significance  that 
will  help  one  to  a  new  understanding  of  its  charac- 
teristic charm.  This  book  fills  a  real  want,  for  there 
is  no  other  devoted  to  this  great  American  artist. 

FREDERIC  FAIRCHILD  SHERMAN 

1790  BROADWAY  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Entrance  examinations,  June  4. 
One  year  course  for  certificate. 
Two  year  course  for  diploma. 

Send  to  M.  W.  PLUMMER,  Principal, 
476  Fifth  Avenue,  for  descriptive  circular 


THE    DIAL 


[Feb.  16 


CATALOGUE  of  UNCOMMON  BOOKS 

Relating  to  the  American  Revolution,  Civil  War, 
Indians,  Lincoln,  Canada,  Etc. 

CATALOGUE  OF 

FIRST  EDITIONS  of  ENGLISH  and 
AMERICAN  AUTHORS 

Sent  on  request 

C.  GERH  ARDT  &  CO.,  120  East  59th  St.,  New  York 


RARE  books  and  first  editions  collected 
and  arranged  for  people  who  are  too 
busy  to  attend  to  the  forming  of  libraries. 

Address  E.  V.,  Boston  Transcript 
BOSTON,  MASS. 


We  Issue  Catalogs  of 

Interesting  and  Valuable  Books 

ART  WORKS,  Beautifully  Illustrated  Books,  Standard  Authors  in  fine 

Editions,  Biography,  History  and  Books  of  general  interest. 

We  send  Books  to  all  parts  of  the  country.     We  have  satisfied  customers 

in  every  state  and  nearly  every  city.     You  have  nothing  to  lose 

and  may  gain  much  by  sending  for  our  catalogs. 

THE  IF.  R.  HUNTTING  COMPANY,  Springfield,  Massachusetts 


A  Graded  Guide  to 

Supplementary  Reading 

An  illustrated  descriptive  list  of  the  best  approved 
supplementary  reading  books  for  children's  libraries. 
In  all  respects  the  best  guide  to  children's  library 
books  published. 

Sent  to  District  Superintendents,  Teachers  and 
others  interested  free  on  request. 

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  GO. 


WHOLESALE    DEALERS  IN  THE   BOOKS  OF   ALL  PUBLISHERS 
33-37  E.  17th  Street 
Union  Square  North 


New  York  City 


LOOSE-LEAF  DEVICES 
for  LIBRARY  RECORDS 

Make  your  work  easier,  quicker,  better.     Use 

Loose  -  Leaf    Accession    Records 
and  Borrowers'  Registers 

They   are  made  to  be  used  in  a  typewriter.     For 

your  library  this  means 
Economy     Speed     Accuracy     Neatness 

Order  from 
LIBRARY  SUPPLIES  DEPARTMENT 

DEMOCRAT  PRINTING  COMPANY 

MADISON.  WIS. 


BOOKS  AND  AUTOGRAPHS.  Catalogues  post  free.  First 
editions,  Natural  History,  Genealogy,  etc.  WILLIAM  BROWN, 
5  Castle  Street,  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  Established  1877. 

RnOk'Q       ALL   OUT-OF-PRINT    BOOKS    SUPPLIED. 

L*\J  \J  IV  O  •     no  matter  on  what  subject.    Write  us.    We  can  get 

you  any  book  ever  published.  Please  state  wants.  Catalogue  free. 
BAKER'S  GREAT  BOOK  SHOP.  14-16  Bright  St.,  BIRMINGHAM,  ENO. 


O  ver  1,000,000  volumes  seoond  hand  at  half  price.  New, 
25%  discount.     State  wants.     Catalogue  free.     Hooka 
FOYLE,  121  Charing  Cross  Road,  London,  England. 


bought. 


SECOND-HAND  BOOKS.    General  Literature,   ist  Editions. 

Enquiries  esteemed.    Frequent  catalogues  post  free. 

GORFIN,  82A,  CHARING  CROSS  ROAD,  LONDON,  W.  C. 

W.  HEFFER  &  SONS,  LTD. 

BOOKSELLERS 

CAMBRIDGE,  ENGLAND 

Classified  Catalogues  issued  regularly,  English  Literature,  Science 
and  Mathematics,  Oriental  and  Travel,  Classical,  Historical,  The- 

ology, Philosophy  and  Economics,  etc. 

Let  us    register  your  name   for  catalogues,  and    send  us  your 
List  of  Wants.     We  carry  an  immense  stock. 


The  Advertising  Representative  of  THE  DIAL 
in  England  is 

MR.  DAVID  H.  BOND 

407,  Bank  Chambers,  Chancery  Lane,  London,  W.  C., 

who  can  furnish  full  information  regarding  rates,  etc., 
and  through  whom  advertising  orders  may  be  sent. 


STUDIES  IN  SOUTHERN 
HISTORY  AND  POLITICS 

Edited  by  JAMES  W.  GARNER 

Professor  of  Political  Science  in  the  University  of  Illinois 

8vo,  cloth,  pp.  viii  +  394.     Price  $2.50  net. 
A  collection  of  fifteen  articles  on  topics  relating  to  the 
South  by  professors  in  various  colleges  and  universities  of 
the  country. 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 


LEMCKE  AND  BUECHNER,  Agents 


30-32  West  27th  Street 


NEW  YORK 


The 
Guide 
to  the 
New 
Books 

The  A.  L  A.  Booklist, 

the  annotated  monthly 
magazine  published  by 
the  American  Library 
Association  with  the 
co-operation  of  special- 
ists the  country  over. 

One  Dollar  the  Year 

78  EastWashington 
Street  Chicago 

Binds  and  Noble.  31-33-35  West  15th  St.,  N.  Y.  City.    Write  for  Catalogue. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


127 


Can  You  Imagine 

a  friend,  interested  as  you  are  in  all  kinds  of 
literary  work,  who  would  come  to  you  fort- 
nightly to  discuss  your  writing  in  frank, 
common-sense  fashion? 

This  friend  would  not  talk  too  much  at  each  visit.  He 
would  not  keep  you  top  long  from  your  new  story  or  essay 
or  poem.  His  friendships  among  other  writers — successful 
and  aspiring  to  be  successful — and  among  editors  would 
be  such  that  he  would  refine  for  you,  in  preparation  for 
each  visit,  practical,  helpful  advice  from  these  folk  that 
would  send  you  to  your  desk  with  a  new  outlook  on  your 
work  and  new  inspiration  to  make  it  more  successful. 
This  friend  would  look  carefully  over  about  i  ,000  magazines 
each  month  to  discover  for  you  news  that  would  enable  you 
to  keep  abreast  of  the  manuscript  requirements  of  editors. 
He  would  find  correspondents  who  would  glean  2,000  more 
magazines  and  papers  for  you  so  that  you  would  always 
know  in  advance  of  prize  contests,  changes  in  editorial 
policies,  suspensions,  changes  of  address,  requirements  of 
new  publications,  film  manufacturers,  etc.  Your  imagina- 
tion goes  no  further.  A  friend  of  this  admirable  type  would 
have  to  be  superhuman. 

There  is  such  a  friend — it's  a  very  human,  kindly 
little  magazine— THE  EDITOR,  which  makes 
profitable  and  pleasant  fortnightly  visits  to  the  elect 
of  the  writing  fraternity.  Be  one  of  the  elect  —  one 
of  those  who  elect  to  leave  nothing  undone  that  will 
contribute  to  success.  The  fee  is  $2.00  —  it  pays 
for  26  fortnightly  numbers  of  THE  EDITOR  for 
one  year.  (Single  copy  ten  cents.) 

THE  EDITOR 

BOX  509  RIDGEWOOD,  NEW  JERSEY 


THE  GREAT  TURNING  MOVEMENT 

of  modern  times 


is  to 
"JUST  TURN  THE  KNOB"  on  the 

MULTIPLEX  HAMMOND 

and  change  instantly  from  one  style  of  type,  or  one  lan- 
guage, to  another. 

TWO  STYLES  OF  TYPE,  or  two  languages,  ALWAYS 
ON  THE  MACHINE. 

"The  Favorite  Typewriter  of  Literary  Workers." 
Write  TO-DAY  for  Multiplex  Literature  to 

The  Hammond  Typewriter  Company 

69th  Street  and  East  River  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


The  New  American  Quarterly 

THE  YALE  REVIEW 

'has  earned  the  place  it  now  occupies 
beside  the  great  English  monthlies  and 

quarterlies It  is  serious,  but 

never  ponderous." — Neiu  York  Tribune. 
"Quarterlies  are  ...  useful  in  afford- 
ing publication  to  articles  that  deserve  it, 
but  are  too  long  or  too  wise  for  the  more 
popular  magazines.  THE  YALE  REVIEW 
is  an  excellent  new  quarterly,  handsome 
and  interesting." — Life. 

REPRESENTATIVE   CONTRIBUTORS 


Alfred  Noyes 
Robert  Herrick 
Hamlin  Garland 
Norman  Angell 
Lady  Gregory 
Florence  V.  Keys 
John  Burroughs 

Henry  Sydnor 


Bliss  Perry 
Havelock  Ellis 
Emile  Legouis 
Hilaire  Belloc 
C.  P.  Jacks 
Morris  Hillquit 
VidaD.Scudder 
Harrison 


A  post-card,  mentioning  THE  DIAL,  will 
bring  you  in  return  an  eight-page  prospec- 
tus of  THE  YALE  REVIEW  of  1915,  and 
a  sample  copy.  Your  subscription,  prepaid  at 
$2.50  a  year,  can  begin  with  the  April  num- 
ber, issued  next  month.  Address 

THE  YALE  PUBLISHING  ASSN. 

NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 


"AT  McCLURG'S" 

It  is  of  interest  and  importance 
to  Librarians  to  know  that  the 
books  reviewed  and  advertised 
in  this  magazine  can  be  pur- 
chased from  us  at  advantageous 
prices  by 

Public  Libraries,  Schools, 
Colleges  and  Universities 

In  addition  to  these  books  we 
have  an  exceptionally  large 
stock  of  the  books  of  all  pub- 
lishers—a more  complete  as- 
sortment than  can  be  found  on 
the  shelves  of  any  other  book- 
store in  the  entire  country.  We 
solicit  correspondence  from 
librarians  unacquainted  with 
our  facilities. 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 

A.C.McClurg  &  Co.,  Chicago 


128  THE     DIAL  I  Feb   16.  1915 


HENRY  HOLT  AND  COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS,  NEW  YORK  LATEST  BOOKS 

BLUE  BLOOD  AND  RED  By  Geoffrey  Corson 

An  American  love  story  of  Staten  and  Manhattan  Islands.  Back  of  the  compelling  story 
movement  and  undoubted  powers  of  characterization,  the  reader  will  continually  feel  the 
humor,  grace  and  sense  of  an  unusual  author.  Just  ready.  $1.35  net. 

LITTLE  COMRADE  VREATWAR  E  By  Burton  E.  Stevenson 

A  story  of  mystery,  love  and  international  intrigue  set  in  the  first  weeks  of  the  great  war. 
The  hero  is  a  young  American  surgeon.  The  author  knows  the  scenes  of  his  story  at  first 
hand.  By  the  author  of  "The  Marathon  Mystery,"  etc.  Just  ready.  $1.20  net. 

NORTH  OF  BOSTON  ^gffiKSKSffiy  By  Robert  Frost 

"Few  who  have  read  it  through  will  have  been  as  much  astonished  by  any  other  American 
since  Whitman." — Edw.  Thomas  in  The  New  Weekly,  London.  "Poetry  burns  out  of  it  as 
when  a  faint  wind  breathes  upon  smoldering  embers." — London  Times.  "Much  finer  and 
much  more  national,  in  the  true  sense,  than  anything  Whitman  gave  to  the  world." — 
Ford  Madox  Hueffer  in  The  London  Outlook.  Just  ready.  $1.25  net. 

AMERICAN  THOUGHT  By  Woodbridge  Riley 

A  study  of  original  thinkers  and  speculative  movements  from  the  New  England  Fathers  to 
John  Dewey  and  William  James,  by  the  Professor  of  Philosophy,  Vassar.  $1.50  net. 

MONTESSORI  CHILDREN  By  Carolyn  Sherwin  Bailey 

A  record  of  results  in  concrete  cases  where  definite  treatment  by  Dr.  Montessori  corrected 
faults  or  developed  aptitudes,  and  a  definite  correlation  of  these  methods  with  the  problems 
of  American  parents.  Illustrated  from  photographs.  $1.25  net. 

ACROSS  THE  BORDER  A  p{£Lg£TTHE  By  Beulah  M.  Dix 

This  achieved  an  instant  success  on  the  stage  in  New  York,  Boston  and  Chicago.  "A  real 
achievement.  One  of  the  few  pleas  for  peace  that  touch  both  the  heart  and  the  intelligence. 
Its  remarkable  blending  of  stark  realism  and  extravagant  fancy  strike  home  in  a  manner 
that  defies  analysis. " — New  York  Tribune.  Illustrated.  80  cents  net. 

HOWTO  PRODUCE  CHILDREN'S  PLAYS.  By  Constance  D'ArcyMackay 

By  the  author  of  "The  House  of  the  Heart"  and  "The  Silver  Thread"  (books  of  plays  for 
children)  and  "Patriotic  Plays  and  Pageants."  Just  ready.  $1.20  net. 

The  book  meets  an  urgent  demand.  It  includes  a  history  of  the  children's  play  movement, 
a  chapter  on  its  sociological  aspects,  and  suggestions  for  new  fields,  as  well  as  chapters  on 
play-producing,  scenery,  costumes  and  properties.  The  book  discusses  the  special  needs 
of  public  schools,  social  settlements  and  camps,  and  has  lists  of  plays  for  such  places.  There 
is  a  bibliography  covering  the  whole  child-drama  movement. 

POSSESSION  O^C^L^YS  By  George  Middleton 

Mr.  Middleton's  earlier  volumes  of  one-act  plays,  "Tradition"  and  "Embers,  "are  both  in 
their  second  printings.  Just  ready.  $1.35  net. 

AN  OUTLINE  OF  RUSSIAN  LITERATURE  By  Maurice  Baring 

An  authoritative  and  stimulating  treatment  of  a  subject  of  rapidly  growing  interest,  by  the 
author  of  "With  the  Russians  in  Manchuria,"  etc.  (Home  University  Library.) 

Just  ready.    50  cents  net. 

THE  NAVY  AND  SEA  POWER  By  David  Hannay 

A  general  survey  of  a  fascinating  and  timely  history,  by  the  author  of  "A  Short  History 
of  the  Royal  Navy,"  "The  Sea  Trader,"  etc.  (Home  University  Library.) 

Just  ready.     50  cents  net. 

SOME  EARLIER  HOME  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY  VOLUMES 

New  books,  not  reprints,  each  256  pages,  cloth,  50  cents  net. 

THE  FRENCH  RE  VOLUTION.  By  HilaireBelloc.  VICTORIAN  LITERATURE. 

ROME.  By  W.  Warde  Fowler.  fiy  G-  K-  Chesterton. 

PROBLEMS  OF  PHILOSOPHY.  GERMANY  TO-DAY.  By  Charles  Tower. 

By  Bertrand  Russell.  EURIPIDES  AND  HIS  AGE. 

NAPOLEON.  By  H.  A.  L.  Fisher.  By  Gilbert  Murray. 

THE  RENAISSANCE.  By  Edith  Sichel.  UNEMPLOYMENT.  By  A.  C.  Pigou. 

94  volumes  now  ready.     Send  for  a  list. 


PRESS  OF  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY 


THE   DIAL 

A  FORTNIGHTLY  JOURNAL  OF 

f  iterg  Criticism,  gismssimt,  anb  Information 


FOUNDED  BY  I  Volume  LVIII. 

FRANCIS  F.BROWNE  I        No.  ess. 


CHICAGO,  MARCH  4,  1915. 


10  eta.  a  copy.  (      PUBLISHED  AT 
ar.     \ 


$2.  a  year 


632  SHEBMAN  ST. 


Has  Kitchener  Made  Good? 

KITCHENER:  Organizer  of  Victory 

By  HAROLD  BEGBIE.     The  first  satisfactory  account  of  the  life  and  deeds  of  Kitchener  and 
especially  of  his  work  in  the  present  war.  A  high  inside  source  of  information  has  enabled  the  author 
to  throw  new  and  often  sensational  light  on  the  character  of  England's  soldier  hero. 
Fully  illustrated.  $1.25  net. 

By  Franz  Joseph's  Daughter 

THE  SECRET  OF  AN  EMPRESS 

In  this  sensational  book  COUNTESS  ZANARDI-LANDI,  who  is  the  fourth  child  of  the  Austrian 
Empress,  gives  an  intimate  and  fascinating  account  of  the  life  and  intrigues  at  the  Austrian  court. 
Illustrated.  $4.00  net. 

If  New  York  Were  Attacked! 

ARE  WE  READY? 

By  H.  D.  WHEELER.     With  an  Introductory  Letter  by  Maj.  Gen.  Leonard  Wood. 
A  sane,  constructive  study  of  our  preparedness  for  war  in  which  the  strength  and  weakness  of  our 
present  system  are  pointed  out  and  specific  plans  are  proposed  for  the  formation  of  a  citizen  army. 

$1.50  net. 


STORIES  AND  POEMS 

And  Other  Uncollected  Writings 

By  BRET  HARTE.  Compiled  by  Charles  Meeker 
Kozlay.  "Alive  with  that  rare  sense  of  humor  so  peculiar 
to  Bret  Harte.  Many  specimens  would  doubtless  have  been 
lost  had  they  not  been  here  collected  for  preservation." 
Literary  Digest.  $1.50  net. 

KATY  GAUMER 

By  ELSIE  SINGMASTER.  If  you  want  to  add  a  most 
lovable  character  to  your  friends  in  the  World  of  Books,  read 
this  story  of  sunny,  quick-witted  Katy  Gaumer  and  her 
"  Pennsylvania  German  "  people.  Illustrated.  $1.35  net. 

A  RELUCTANT  ADAM 

By  SIDNEY  WILLIAMS.  This  .particular  Adam,  al- 
though not  a  Don  Juan,  was  irresistibly  attractive  to  the 
ladies.  One  after  another  five  women  fell  in  love  with  him, 
and  then,  quite  unexpectedly,  he  fell  in  love  himself.  With 
frontispiece.  $1.35  net. 

LITTLE  BIRD  BLUE 

By  WILLIAM  LOWELL  FINLEY  and  IRENE  FINLEY. 
A  delightful  little  story  of  the  friendship  between  a  young 
orphaned  bluebird  and  the  boy  and  girl  who  brought  him 


up  by  hand.     Illustrated. 


75  cents  net. 


THE  EARLY  CHURCH 

By  GEORGE  HODGES.  This  noteworthy  book  covers 
the  following  topics:  The  Roman  World;  The  Struggle  for 
Life;  The  Defense  of  the  Faith;  The  Organization  of  Religion; 
The  Arian  Debate;  Monasticism  in  the  East;  Ambrose; 
Chrysostom;  Monasticism  in  the  West;  Augustine.  $1.75  net. 

CRITICISMS  OF  LIFE 

By  HORACE  J.  BRIDGES.  The  eight  studies  which 
make  up_  this  very  human  and  readable  book  are  intended 
to  explain  and  illustrate  the  principles  that  actually  guide 
men's  lives  to-day.  $1.50  net. 

PRESCRIPTIONS 

Compiled  by  EDITH  MOTTER  LAMB.  This  little 
book  contains  in  convenient  and  inexpensive  form  some  of 
the  more  pungent  and  helpful  thoughts  from  Dr.  Cabot's 
"What  Men  Live  By."  so  cents  net. 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN  WONDERLAND 

By  ENOS  A.  MILLS.  Contains  much  keen,  original 
observation  of  the  habits  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  forests  and 
the  ways  of  the  wild  folk  who  inhabit  them.  Beautifully 
illustrated  from  photographs  mostly  taken  by  the  author. 

$1.75  net. 


In  Preparation 


THE  DIPLOMACY  OF  THE  WAR  OF  1914.     I.    The  Beginnings  of  the  War. 

By  ELLERY  C.  STOWELL.  This,  the  first  of  three  volumes  which  will  trace  the  entire  diplomatic  history  of  the 
war,  we  believe  to  be  the  most  complete,  authoritative  and  impartial  account  of  the  subject  yet  written.  Its  unique 
arrangement  and  masterly  analysis  of  all  material  illuminates  the  whole  confused  situation.  The  author  is  Professor  of  Inter- 
national Law  at  Columbia. 

BOSTON       HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  COMPANY       NEW  YORK 


130 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  4 


Important  New  Publications  of 

HARPER  &  BROTHERS 


THE  TURMOIL.     By  Booth  Tarkington 

"I  want  to  be  the  first  to  register  my  opinion  that  Booth  Tarkington's  new  novel,  "The  Turmoil,'  is 
the  biggest  thing  that  has  been  done  in  fiction  during  the  last  ten  years.  'The Turmoil'  will  stand  the  test 
of  a  great  book.  The  'Tired  Business  Man'  will  revel  in  it.  The  school  girl  will  find  it  the  most  charming 
love  story  she  has  read  in  months.  The  reader  of  literary  taste  has  waiting  for  him  a  book  of  rare  truth  and 
strength." — Albert  Frederick  Wilson,  New  York  University.  Illustrated.  $1.35  net. 


THE  LONE  STAR  RANGER 

By  ZANE  GREY 

A  rushing  story  of  the  wild  border  days  of  Texas 
in  the  early  seventies,  with  their  desperate  contests 
between  outlaws  and  Rangers.  Incident  after  inci- 
dent crowds  upon  another  —  hairbreadth  escapes, 
deeds  of  thrilling  adventures,  manly  chivalry,  and 
devoted  love.  Frontispiece.  $1.35  net. 

MOONGLADE 

By  the  Author  of 
"THE  MARTYRDOM  OF  AN  EMPRESS" 

Brittany  and  Russia  —  the  two  countries  the 
authors  know  so  well  —  form  the  picturesque  set- 
tings of  this  cosmopolitan  novel  of  aristocratic  life. 
All  those  readers  who  are  familiar  with  the  other 
books  of  this  author  will  find  in  this  new  story  the 
same  colorful  descriptions  of  ancient  castles  and 
modern  palaces,  of  loyal  servitors  and  graceful 
customs.  Frontispiece.  $1.35  net. 


THE  GREAT  MIRAGE 

By  JAMES  L.  FORD 

The  eyes  of  youth,  looking  toward  the  City,  see 
a  glittering  horizon,  and  Mr.  Ford  —  who  knows 
the  city  as  few  men  know  it  —  tells  with  skill  and  a 
good-humored  brilliance  what  is  behind  the  reflec- 
tions of  the  great  mirage.  Frontispiece.  $i-35  net. 

THE  LADDER 

By  PHILIP  CURTISS 

The  history  of  a  casual  man  who  found  it  easier 
to  climb  than  to  fall.  A  hopeful,  optimistic  story 
of  the  possibilities  of  American  life.  The  hero 
passes  through  various  sections  of  its  social  strata 
as  farm-boy,  factory-worker,  soldier,  State  Senator, 
and  playwright.  Frontispiece.  $1.30  net. 


THE  SPANISH  DEPENDENCIES  IN  SOUTH  AMERICA 

By  Professor  BERNARD  MOSES,  University  of  California 

This  important  work  deals  with  the  period  between  1550  and  1730  —  the  beginnings  of  European 
civilization  in  widely  separated  regions  of  South  America.  Conquests,  settlements,  the  slave  trade,  piracy, 
the  ordinances  in  regard  to  trade,  the  Jesuit  missions,  the  relation  of  the  clergy  to  the  civil  government, 
are  some  of  the  subjects  interspersed  among  the  records  of  viceroys,  revolts  and  assertions  of  the  Crown 
authorities.  Two  volumes.  Octavo.  Cloth,  $5.00  net. 


THE  AMERICAN  GIRL 

By  ANNE  MORGAN 

This  little  book,  by  the  daughter  of  the  great 
financier,  is  filled  with  helpful  suggestions  to  her 
young  countrywoman  in  the  four  points  of  her  life's 
highroad  —  her  education,  her  responsibilities,  her 
recreation,  and  her  future.  Miss  Morgan  is  a  woman 
of  wide  mental  vision  and  warm  sympathies,  and  her 
advice  is  founded  on  mature  thought  and  experience. 
Frontispiece.  50  cents  net. 


HEROES  OF  PEACE 

By  F.  J.  GOULD 

Wonderful  tales  of  men  who  have  wrought  in 
peace  deeds  through  which  shine  out  the  courage 
and  endurance  so  often  attributed  only  to  warlike 
actions.  Here  are  told  the  histories  of  the  founding 
of  the  Red  Cross,  the  laying  of  the  Atlantic  cable, 
stories  of  the  achievements,  after  dangers,  of  deep- 
sea  fishermen  and  international  arbitration,  of 
Wisconsin  lumbermen  and  the  fighting  of  wild 
beasts  and  diseases  in  India,  etc.  Illustrated. 
l6mo,  75  cents;  School  Edition,  50  cents  net. 


NEW  LIMP  LEATHER  EDITION  OF  MARK  TWAIN 

An  important  event  in  book-publishing  is  this  new  edition  of  the  works  of  the  great  humorist.  The 
volumes  are  light  and  easy  to  hold,  printed  on  carefully  selected  paper  and  bound  in  limp  red  leather.  Two 
volumes  or  more  are  being  published  each  month. 

i6mo.  Frontispiece  in  each  volume.  Titles  in  one  volume  sold  at  rate  of  $1.75  net  each.  Titles  in  two 
volumes  sold  at  rate  of  $1.50  net  each.  Sets  at  $37.00  net. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


131 


IMPORTANT  BUTTON  PUBLICATIONS 


FICTION 

BOWEN,  Marjorie 

Prince  and  Heretic  Net  $1.35 
By  the  author  of  "I  Will 
Maintain,"  etc. 

Von  HEYKING,  Baroness 
Lovers  in  Exile       Net  $1.35 
By  the  author  (whose  name 
is  now  first  revealed)  of 

The  Letters  Which  Never 
Reached  Him         Net  $1.35 

The  hot  discussion  of  this 
anonymously  issued  book  has 
matured  into  a  permanent 
interest  calling  for  the  new 
edition. 
SNOWDEN,  Keighley 

King  Jack  Net $1.35 

The  story  of  one  of  York- 
shire's famous  "wilful  gen- 
tlemen." 

BARCYNSKA,  Countess 
The  Little  Mother  Who 
Sits  at  Home          Net  $1.00 

An  indescribably  moving  ex- 
pression of  a  mother's  love 
for  her  son. 

LeROSSIGNOL,  James  E. 
Jean  Baptiste        Net  $1.50 
By    the   author    of    "Little 
Stories  of  Quebec." 

MACNAUGHTAN,  S. 
A  Green  Englishman 
Canadian     Stories    by    the 
author  of  "Snow  Upon  the 
Desert,"  etc.  Net $1.35 

BORDEAUX,  Henry 

The  Awakening  Net  $1.35 
The  French  original  from 
which  this  is  translated  by 
RUTH  HELEN  DAVIS  is 
now  in  its  114th  edition. 

"An  intensely  interesting;,  charm- 
ingly written,  eminently  human 
book,  and  a  strong  argument 
against  the  modern  evil  of  di- 
vorce."— Baltimore  Sun. 

WELLS,  H.  G. 

The  World  Set  Free  Newed. 
A  tremendously  strong  vision 
of  reorganization  following  a 
world  war.  Net  $1.35 

BREBNER,  Percy  J. 
Christopher  Quarles 
Who  is  one  of  fiction's  great 
detectives,    with    methods 
wholly  new.  Net  $1.35 


FULL  OF  SOCIAL  INTEREST 

O'DONOGHUE,  Edward 
Geoffrey 

The  Story  of  Bethlehem 

Hospital  Illustrated.  Net  $5 
A  history  from  its  foundation 
in  1247  of  the  famous  insti- 
tution better  known  as  Bed- 
lam. It  shows  the  progress  in 
the  world's  care  of  its  insane 
poor. 

PARRY,  Judge  E.  A. 
The  Law  and  the  Poor 

Net  $2.50 

A  reasonable,  kindly  showing 
of  the  law's  inequalities. 

JANE,  L.  Cecil 

The  Nations  at  War  Net  si 
A  forecast  of  the  new  era  to 
dawn  with  the  return  of 
peace. 

BARKER,  J.  Ellis 

Modern  Germany 

Newed.  Net  $3 

With  a  new  introduction  and 
exceptionally  important  ad- 
ditions. 

RANKIN,  Lt.-Col.  R. 

The  Inner  History  of  the 
Balkan  War  Net  $5 

A  work  of  unrivalled  author- 
ity on  the  politics  of  south- 
eastern Europe. 

SHEPHEARD,  Harold  B. 
Jesus  and  Politics      Net  $1 
With    an    introduction    by 
Prof.  Vida  D.  Scudder,  Wel- 
lesley  College. 

UNDERBILL,  Evelyn 

Practical  Mysticism  Net  $1 

By  the  foremost  modern  in- 
terpreter of  man's  claim  upon 
spiritual  riches  and  ability  to 
really  possess  them. 
GREEN,  Emma  M. 

The  Archbishop's  Test 

Net  $1.00 

An  inspiring  picture  of  a 
church  freed  from  the  red 
tape  of  Societies  and  organi- 
zations. 


MISCELLANEOUS 

PRIESTLEY,  Raymond 

Antarctic  Adventures 

Net  $5 

The  extraordinary  experience 
of  Scott's  Northern  Party  of 
which  the  author  was  a  mem- 
ber. A  wonderful  exhibit  of 
courage  and  endurance. 
Fully  illustrated. 

PEPPERMAN,  W.  Leon 
Who  Built  the  Panama 
Canal?  Net  $2 

A  vigorous  out-spoken  book 
on  the  men  who  actually 
made  possible  and  built  the 
Canal.  Illustrated  by  JOS- 
EPH PENNELL.  27  Photo- 
gravures. 2  maps. 

CRAMB,  Prof.  J.  A. 
Origins  and  Destiny  of 
Imperial  Britain    Net  $  1 .50 
A  study  of  the  Nation's  ideals 
with  an  Essay  on  Nineteenth 
Century  Europe. 

Germany  and  England 

Net  $1 

Now  in  its  130th  thousand. 
Everywhere  accepted  as  the 
ablest  statement  of  the  deep- 
lying  causes  of  the  war. 
BOULENGER,  E.  G. 

Reptiles  and  Batrachians 

Net  $6 

The  author  is  Director  of  the 
Reptile  House  of  the  London 
Zoo,  and  supplements  his 
classification  with  interesting 
details  of  his  subjects'  life 
histories  and  habits. 

GILLMORE,  Maria  Mel. 
Meatless  Cookery  Net  $2 
Aims  to  prolong  life  by  sub- 
stituting where  meat  dishes 
are  harmful,  equally  nutri- 
tious combinations  of  vege- 
tables, cheese,  nuts,  etc. 

THOMPSON,  Vance 

Eat  and  Grow  Thin    Net  $1 

Explains  how  one  may  eat 
freely  yet  by  choosing  non- 
fat-producing elements  lose 
any  excess  of  weight. 


YOUR  OPPORTUNITY  TO  POSSESS  AN   UP-TO-DATE  ADEQUATE  REFERENCE   WORK 

Everyman  Encyclopaedia        $10  LEATHER 


0*£  IN  CLOTH 
«pO  BINDING 


IN  CLOTH  Complete  in  twelve  volumes.    Saves  a  man's  money,  increases  his 

REINFORCED  earnings,  saves  his  time  and  saves  him  from  the  weakness  of  being 

vague  or  ignorant. 


PIGSKIN 


E.  P.  DUTTON  &  CO.,  Publishers 


681  Fifth  Ave.,  NEW  YORK 


132 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  4,  1915 


Mr.  Ernest  Poole's  New  Novel  Published  February  3 


Third  Edition  Now  Ready 


THE  HARBOR 

By  Ernest  Poole 


Mr.  Poole  has  written  a  novel  of  remarkable  power  and  'vision  in 
which  are  depicted  the  great  changes  taking  place  in  American  life, 
business  and  ideals  in  the  present  generation.  Under  the  tremendous 
influence  of  the  great  New  York  harbor,  with  its  docks,  warehouses, 
its  huge  liners  and  its  workers,  a  young  writer  passes,  in  the  devel- 
opment of  his  life  and  work,  from  a  blind  worship  of  enterprise  and 
efficiency  to  a  deeper  knowledge  and  understanding  of  humanity. 


N.  Y.  Times 

"This  first  book  of  his  is  by 
all  odds  the  best  American  novel 
that  has  appeared  in  many  a 
long  day.  It  is  earnest,  sincere, 
broad  in  scope  and  purpose, 
well  balanced,  combining  intel- 
lect and  emotion.  .  .  The 
characters  are  ably  drawn, 
strikingly  contrasted,  essentially 
American.  .  .  Here  in  this 
vision  of  the  harbor  is  focused 
much  of  our  modern  world,  its 
perplexities,  its  struggles  and 
its  ideals.  .  .  Mr.  Poole  may 
be  congratulated  upon  having 
written  an  absorbingly  interest- 
ing and  very  significant  novel. " 

N.  Y.  Post 

11  Many  and  varied  as  are  the 
themes  that  have  been  woven 
together  to  make  the  whole, 
each  one  is  clean  cut  and  fits 
into  its  right  place.  'The  Har- 
bor' is  well  worth  reading,  both 
for  what  it  gives  and  the  manner 
in  which  that  is  given. " 


N.  Y.  Tribune 


"This  is  a  remarkable  book, 
...  an  achievement  in  itself. 
It  is  one  of  the  ablest  novels 
added  to  American  fiction  in 
many  a  year.  .  .  The  first 
really  notable  novel  produced 
by  the  new  democracy,  .  .  . 
a  book  of  the  past  and  the 
present  and  the  future,  not  only 
of  New  York  and  of  this 
country,  but  of  all  the  world. 
.  .  Mr.  Poole  is  an  author  of 
exceptional  gifts,  of  ideas  and 
convictions.  Let  us  hope  that 
the  American  reading  public, 
which  has  neglected  so  many 
new  talents  among  us,  will  give 
him  in  fullest  measure  the  recog- 
nition which  he  so  fully  de- 
serves." 

Brooklyn  Eagle 

"Mr.  Poole  is  thoroughly  in 
earnest,  very  much  in  love  with 
his  subject  and  he  has  written  a 
sincere  and  ...  an  extremely 
vivid  story  ...  a  great  deal 
of  the  living  New  York  is  in  it. " 


N.  Y.  World 


"A  fine  new  American  story, 
in  the  spirit  of  the  hour.  .  . 
A  work  which  must  be  placed  at 
once  among  the  rare  books  that 
count  —  which  may  prove  quite 
possibly  to  be  the  distinctive 
American  novel  of  the  year.  .  . 
He  finds  in  the  harbor  the  glory 
and  the  wretchedness  of  the 
world,  together  with  a  new,  vast 
breadth  of  outlook  and  a  new 
depth  of  thought.  .  .  The  New 
York  it  presents  is  no  limited 
city,  but  a  vast  world  centre  of 
ideas,  ideals,  hope,  passions  and 
struggles." 

-  N.  Y.  Globe 

"Mr.  Poole' s  story  is  interest- 
ing on  many  counts.  .  .  The 
whole  is  admirably  written.  .  . 
One  can  say  of  it  what  he  quotes 
another  as  giving  as  his  ideal, 
'one  more  fellow  has  done  his 
best  —  by  telling  of  life  as  he 
has  seen  it  —  his  changing  life 
through  his  changing  eyes.'  " 


"•THE  HARBOR'  IS  THE  FIRST  REALLY  NOTABLE  NOVEL 

PRODUCED  BY  THE  NEW  DEMOCRACY."— New  York  Tribune. 

Price  $1.40.    On  sale  at  all  bookstores. 


PUBLISHED 
BY 


THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY 


64-66  5th  AVENUE 
NEW  YORK 


THE  DIAL 

Jfortmgfjtlp  journal  of  Hiterarp  Cnttctem,  Btecussion.  ana  information. 


THE  DIAL  (founded  in  1880)  is  published  fortnightly  — 
every  other  Thursday  —  except  in  July  and  August,  in  which 
one  issue  for  each  month  will  appear.  TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIP- 
TION, $2.  a  year  in  advance,  postage  -prepaid  in  the  United 
States  and  Mexico;  Foreign  and  Canadian  postage  50  cents 
per  year  extra.  REMITTANCES  should  be  by  check,  or  by 
express  or  postal  order,  payable  to  THE  DIAL.  Unless  other- 
wise ordered,  subscriptions  will  begin  with  the  current  num- 
ber. When  no  direct  request  to  discontinue  at  expiration  of 
subscription  is  received,  it  is  assumed  that  a  continuance  of 
the  subscription  is  desired.  ADVERTISING  RATES  furnished  on 
application. 

Published  by  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY, 
632  So.  Sherman  St.,  Chicago. 

Entered  as  Second-Class  Matter  October  8,  1892,  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  under  Act  of  March  3,  1879. 


Vol.  LV1IL         MARCH  4,  1915  No.  689 


CONTEXTS. 


WAE  AND  POETRY 133 

CASUAL  COMMENT 135 

The  road  to  authorship. —  Seekers  after 
curious  and  rare  bits  of  information. —  An 
embarrassing  obligation. —  The  passion  for 
textual  criticism. —  Juvenile  disrespect  for 
literary  property. —  French  poetry  and  Ger- 
man poetry. —  Eeaders  behind  the  bars. — 
The  place  of  criticism. —  Books  as  food  for 
the  flames. —  Common  sense  in  bibliography. 
—  One  of  the  famous  lawsuits  of  fiction. — 
Books  "  never  in."  —  Literary  diplomats. — 
The  library  as  pacificator. —  A  set-back  to 
simplified  spelling. —  The  lure  of  the  edition 
de  luxe. —  A  university  printing  house. 

COMMUNICATIONS 140 

A   French   Feminist    of    To-day.     Benj.   M. 

Woodbridge. 

Ruskin  and  War.    Ralph  Branson. 
When  Is  a  Novel  not  a  Novel?     W.  M.  P. 
Did  Milton  Nod?     W.  F.  Warren. 
Imperial  Japanese  Poetry.    Ernest  W.  Clem- 
ent. 

ONE  WHOM   THE  GODS  LOVED.     Percy  F. 

Bicknell 143 

CLASSICS  ON  THE  ART  OF  PLAY-MAKING. 

H.  C.  Chatfield-Taylor 145 

EUROPEAN  TRAVEL  IN  THE  EIGHTEENTH 

CENTURY.     Clark  8.  Northup     ....  147 

CHARACTER-READING       THROUGH       THE 

FEATURES.    M.  V.  O'Shea 149 

A    SKETCH    OF    THE    ENGLISH    DRAMA. 

Eaymond  M.  Alden 151 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 152 

Lincoln  the  apostle  of  democracy. —  Humors 
of  the  Scottish  law-courts. — A  study  of  musi- 
cal psychology. —  Twenty  great  British  writ- 
ers.—  The  land  of  the  Aztecs. —  Impressions 
of  things  out  of  the  ordinary. —  Fifty  years 
in  Madagascar. —  An  unsolved  problem  in 
modern  medicine. —  The  bible  of  Renaissance 
architects. 

NOTES     ,  .  156 


TOPICS  IN  MARCH  PERIODICALS 
LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS     , 


.  158 
.  159 


WAR  AND  POETRY. 


A  German  visitor  came  to  the  United 
States  not  long  ago  for  the  purpose  of  sound- 
ing American  sentiment  upon  the  subject  of 
the  great  war.  After  some  weeks  of  investiga- 
tion, during  which  he  interviewed  many  peo- 
ple in  the  various  walks  of  life,  and  read  his 
fill  of  newspaper  and  magazine  comment,  he 
became  a  very  despondent  and  chastened  per- 
son. In  conversation  one  day,  the  discussion 
turned  upon  the  bankruptcy  of  German  diplo- 
macy in  the  weeks  preceding  the  outbreak  of 
hostilities,  and  it  was  suggested  to  him  that 
the  capital  error  of  his  country  was  to  be  found 
in  its  failure  to  understand  the  psychology  of 
the  English  people.  He  admitted  the  justice 
of  the  criticism,  and  added  with  a  sigh :  "We 
did  not  know  how  they  hated  us,"  —  thereby 
affording  an  illustration  more  striking  than 
any  argument  in  its  illumination  of  the  charge. 

Now  we  knew  very  well  how  the  Germans 
hate  the  English.  The  passion  is  expressed  in 
thousands  of  sayings,  both  private  and  official, 
that  have  of  late  found  issue  from  the  German 
mind,  and  is  a  national  attitude  merely  crys- 
tallized in  Herr  Ernst  Lissauer's  "Hassge- 
sang, ' '  which  has  been  so  adroitly  turned  into 
English  and  so  widely  read.  When  this  truly 
hateful  poem  came  to  the  attention  of  the 
English  public,  it  was  accompanied  (in  a  letter 
to  "The  Spectator")  by  an  expression  of 
naive  surprise  that  it  should  have  been  first 
published  in  "Jugend,"  which  from  its  title 
would  seem  to  be  "a  magazine  for  boys  and 
girls."  So  even  the  most  ghastly  subjects  are 
sometimes  lighted  up  by  flashes  of  unconscious 
humor.  Probably  no  German  in  these  heated 
days  could  grasp  the  simple  and  obvious  truth 
that  an  outburst  against  Germany  in  Herr 
Lissauer's  violent  strain  could  not  possibly  be 
a  product  of  the  English  mind.  We  can  read- 
ily imagine  an  Englishman  of  the  type,  say, 
of  Mr.  Galsworthy  or  Mr.  Watson  or  Mr.  Hew- 
lett, countering  with  an  entirely  sincere  and 
heartfelt  "Liebesgesang"  for  the  country  of 
the  enemy  —  although  such  an  expression 
would  of  course  be  addressed  to  the  Germany 
of  Goethe  and  Schiller,  of  Beethoven  and 
Wagner,  of  Kant  and  Schopenhauer,  the  coun- 


134 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  4 


try  of  the  soul  cherished  in  countless  English 
hearts,  rather  than  to  the  Germany  of 
Treitschke  and  Bernhardi  and  the  Prussian 
Kaiser,  or  of  the  excited  German  professors 
whose  manifesto  last  autumn  was  such  a 
shock  to  the  moral  consciousness  of  the  world's 
commonwealth  of  ideas.  In  very  truth,  no  one 
who  has  the  least  understanding  of  the  En- 
glish psychology  believes  that  its  attitude 
toward  the  Germans  is  one  of  hatred.  It  hates 
the  evil  of  the  German  policies  and  pedantic 
methods  of  warfare,  but  it  retains  a  deep  and 
genuine  sympathy  for  the  German  people,  and 
does  not  withhold  from  them  its  meed  of  praise 
for  their  valor  in  arms,  for  their  self-sacrifice 
and  devotion  to  the  Fatherland,  and  for  the 
beau  geste  that  occasionally  shines  out  through 
the  murk  of  the  strife.  Those  who  imagine 
that  Englishmen  hate  the  Germans  are  of  the 
purblind  tribe  who  find  in  the  "Divine 
Comedy"  merely  a  record  of  Dante's  personal 
hatreds,  and  the  expression  of  his  vindictive- 
ness  toward  his  enemies.  Meanwhile,  a  differ- 
ent sort  of  counter  to  the  attack  is  provided 
from  America  in  Miss  Helen  Gray  Cone's 
beautiful  "Song  of  Love  for  England,"  pub- 
lished in  "The  Atlantic  Monthly"  a  month 
ago. 

The  relations  between  poetry  and  war  have 
long  been  a  subject  of  literary  discussion  and 
even  of  controversy.  There  are  some  who  hold 
that  such  a  flowering  of  a  nation's  passion  as 
is  manifested  by  its  participation  in  war  is 
bound  to  arouse  and  stimulate  the  poetical 
faculty  to  unwonted  exaltations  of  expression. 
By  a  careful  process  of  selection,  the  facts  may 
often  be  made  to  fit  in  with  this  thesis,  and 
give  it  plausible  support.  On  the  other  hand, 
a  broader  view  will  tend  to  dislodge  such  a 
conclusion,  and  lead  us  back  to  the  proposition 
that  the  wind  of  the  spirit  of  genius  ' '  bloweth 
where  it  listeth, "  and  that  no  historical  syn- 
thesis can  establish  a  sure  relation  (except  for 
Tyrtaean  strains)  between  the  agony  of  war 
and  the  agony  whereby  the  poet's  mind  is 
impelled  to  teach  in  song  what  it  has  learned 
in  suffering. 

"  Vex  thou  not  the  poet's  mind 

With  thy  shallow  wit," 

is  an  injunction  that  may  profitably  be  laid 
upon  the  theorists  who  are  disposed  to  formu- 
late rules  upon  which  the  poetic  faculty  per- 
force must  act. 

Our  own  Civil  War,  one  of  the  greatest  in 
history  until  all  comparisons  were  dwarfed  by 


the  horror  of  last  autumn,  now  still  upon  the 
world,  affords  a  case  in  point.  It  must  be  ad- 
mitted that  Browne's  "Bugle  Echoes,"  which 
represents  the  best  possible  gleaning  from  that 
field  of  endeavor,  is  a  work  that  contains  very 
little  poetry  of  enduring  value.  We  who  knew 
the  poems  of  the  Civil  War  period  when  they 
came  white-hot  from  the  heart  and  imagina- 
tion of  their  singers,  are  still  reluctant  to 
acquiesce  in  any  appraisal  that  allows  them 
no  more  than  their  eternal  and  objective  value, 
but  there  remain,  after  all,  very  few  pieces 
that  belong  to  the  world's  golden  treasury. 
Lowell's  "Commemoration  Ode"  and  Whit- 
man's "When  lilacs  last  in  the  dooryard 
bloomed,"  are  about  all  that  we  are  sure  of. 
to  which,  for  our  inglorious  little  war  of  a 
later  date,  must  be  added  Moody 's  "Ode  in 
Time  of  Hesitation."  Mr.  Stedman  seems  to 
have  said  the  last  word  of  wisdom  upon  this 
subject: 

"  The  late  Civil  War  was  not  of  itself  an  incen- 
tive to  good  poetry  and  art,  nor  directly  productive 
of  them.  Such  disorders  seldom  are;  action  is  a 
substitute  for  the  ideal,  and  the  thinker's  or  dream- 
er's life  seems  ignoble  and  repugnant.  But  we  shall 
see  that  the  moral  and  emotional  conflicts  preceding 
the  war,  and  leading  to  it,  were  largely  stimulating 
to  poetic  ardor;  they  broke  into  expression,  and 
buoyed  with  earnest  and  fervid  sentiment  our 

heroic  verse The  Civil  War  was  a  general 

absorbent  at  the  crisis  when  a  second  group  of 
poets  began  to  form.  The  conflict  not  only  checked 
the  rise  of  a  new  school,  but  was  followed  by  a  time 
of  languor  in  which  the  songs  of  Apollo  seemed 
trivial  to  those  who  had  listened  to  the  shout  of 
Mars." 

We  cannot,  then,  predict  with  any  assurance 
that  the  world  war  of  this  year  will  bear 
the  fruit  of  a  poetical  renascence.  If  it  should, 
the  ripening  will  be  slow,  and  the  harvest  long 
delayed.  There  is  no  indication  that  the  poet 
for  the  occasion  now  exists  anywhere  —  unless 
he  be  M.  Verhaeren  —  as  the  poet  was  found 
in  1870-71  in  the  person  of  Victor  Hugo,  who 
forged  "L'Annee  Terrible"  in  the  white  heat 
of  his  passionate  indignation.  No  one  seems 
capable  just  now  of  getting  the  right  perspec- 
tive, or  striking  a  deeper  note  than  that  of 
vehemence  and  outraged  sensibility.  Probably 
the  finest  poem  occasioned  by  the  Franco- 
Prussian  war  was  George  Meredith's  "France 
in  December,  1870,"  written  at  the  time,  it  is 
true,  but  with  so  deep  and  comprehensive  an 
understanding  of  its  theme  that  it  now  reads 
like  the  verdict  of  the  ages.  But  we  scan  the 
horizon  in  vain  for  a  Meredith  in  this  super- 
terrible  year. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


135 


All  this  does  not  mean  that  the  poets,  such 
as  they  are,  have  been  silent  during  the  past 
half-year.  They  have  risen  promptly,  even  too 
promptly,  to  the  appeal,  and  dashed  off  com- 
positions innumerable  showing  their  hearts  to 
be  in  the  right  place  (Tipperary  or  else- 
where), but  not  often  reaching  the  heights  of 
which  their  previous  performances  have  shown 
them  capable.  The  flow  of  their  rhymes  has 
too  often  been  turgid,  and  its  waters  anything 
but  crystal-clear.  Now  and  then,  indeed,  as  in 
Mr.  Barry  Pain's  lines  on  "The  Kaiser  and 
God,"  we  get  a  really  impressive  bit  of  verse: 

"  Impious  braggart,  you  forget ; 
God  is  not  your  conscript  yet; 
You  shall  learn  in  dumb  amaze 
That  His  ways  are  not  your  ways, 
That  the  mire  through  which  you  trod 
Is  not  the  high  white  road  of  God, 

To  Whom,  whichever  way  the  combat  rolls, 
We,  fighting  to  the  end,  commend  our  souls." 

But  it  must  be  admitted  that  the  poetry  of  the 
war  has  thus  far  proved  a  disappointment. 
The  output  of  English  verse  upon  this  theme 
seems  to  deserve,  as  a  whole,  the  treatment 
given  it  in  these  lines  by  a  London  journalist : 
"  Has  Robert  Bridges's  success  with  fighting 

Been  such  as  to  encourage  emulation? 
Or  Dr.  Watson's  '  bit  them  in  the  Bight  '-ing? 
Or  the  same  author's  other  lucubration 
(Yet  one  more  blow  for  a  disthressful  nation) 
In  which,  dead  gravelled  for  a  rhyme  for  '  Ireland,' 
He  struggled  out  with  '  motherland  and  sireland '  ? 

"  Did  even  the  voice  from  Rudyard  Kipling's  shelf 
Say  anything  it  had  not  said  before? 

And  was  not  Stephen  Phillips  just  himself? 
And  was  not  Newbolt's  effort  on  the  war 
Distinctly  less  effective  than  of  yore? 

And  would  not  German  shrapnel  in  the  leg  be 

Less  lacerating  than  the  verse  of  Begbie  ?  " 

After  all,  poets  exist  by  the  grace  of  God, 
and  neither  war  nor  any  other  fortuitous  cir- 
cumstance can  create  them.  If  they  are  on 
hand  in  a  great  spiritual  crisis  like  the  pres- 
ent, well  and  good;  but  we  must  not  expect 
them  to  be  struck  off  from  the  mint  of  human 
potentiality  even  by  such  a  struggle  as  the 
present,  in  which  all  the  interests  and  ideals 
that  civilization  holds  dear  are  at  stake.  The 
real  singers  of  the  present  cataclysm  may  be 
yet  unborn,  and  that  Weltgericht  which  it  is 
the  peculiar  mission  of  the  poet  to  pronounce 
upon  it  may  not  find  expression  until  the  hor- 
rors of  this  war  have  become  as 

"  Old,  unhappy,  far-off  things, 
And  battles  long  ago." 

WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


CASUAL  COMMENT. 

THE  ROAD  TO  AUTHORSHIP  is  of  varying 
length.  Some  writers  produce  books  in  their 
early  'teens,  while  others,  not  less  endowed 
with  the  vision  and  the  faculty  divine,  yet 
want  the  accomplishment  of  book-writing, 
and  die  with  only  a  meagre  magazine  article 
or  two  to  their  credit.  An  instance  not  at  all 
belonging  in  this  latter  class  comes  to  our 
attention.  In  1890  a  young  colored  man  of 
Alabama  w.as  so  fortunate  as  to  find  himself 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Tuskegee  and  yielded 
to  the  impulse  to  seek  an  interview  with  Mr. 
Booker  Washington,  in  the  hope  of  gaining 
admittance  to  the  Institute  under  the  latter 's 
superintendence.  In  answer  to  certain  ques- 
tions put  to  him  as  an  entrance  examination, 
the  young  man  was  unable  even  to  tell  the 
county  or  the  state  or  the  nation  in  which  he 
lived,  and  when  interrogated  as  to  the  parts 
of  speech  he  answered  that  they  were  the  lips, 
teeth,  tongue,  and  throat.  Nevertheless  he 
was  admitted  to  the  Tuskegee  Institute  and 
was  put  to  work  at  stripping  fodder  from 
sorghum  cane.  It  is  this  member  of  our  large 
negro  population  who  now  comes  before  the 
book-reading  public  as  author  of  "The  Black 
Man's  Burden,"  evidently  a  not  insignificant 
piece  of  work,  to  which  the  Principal  of  Tus- 
kegee contributes  an  introduction,  and  which 
one  critic  pronounces  to  be  "among  the  six 
greatest  works  by  members  of  the  negro  race" 
that  he  has  read.  Mr.  William  H.  Holtzclaw 
—  for  he  is  the  author  —  was  graduated  from 
Tuskegee  in  1898,  and  has  since  then  founded 
and  built  up  the  Utica  Normal  and  Industrial 
Institute,  at  Utica,  Mississippi,  which  to-day 
has  more  than  five  hundred  pupils,  taught  by 
thirty-five  instructors,  and  owns  1700  acres  of 
land,  with  fourteen  buildings.  And  less  than 
twenty-five  years  ago  the  head  of  this  great 
school  and  the  author  of  the  notable  book  that 
has  served  as  text  to  these  rather  desultory  re- 
marks did  not  know  the  parts  of  speech. 
•  •  • 

SEEKERS  AFTER  CURIOUS  AND  RARE  BITS  OF 
INFORMATION  furnish  more  occupation  to  ref- 
erence-room attendants  than  all  other  persons 
combined.  Experience  in  library  work  has 
proved  that  there  is  almost  no  imaginable 
query  that  may  not  at  any  time  be  sprung 
upon  the  supposedly  omniscient  librarian  or 
some  member  of  his  staff.  For  instance, 
earnest  inquiry  was  once  made,  in  our  hearing, 
at  a  certain  public  library,  concerning  the 
color  of  the  Due  de  Reichstadt's  hair  and  eyes, 
and  as  to  whether  his  hair  was  curly  or 
straight;  and  another  inquirer  wished  to- 
know  how  much  port  wine  was  consumed  m 


136 


THE    DIAL 


March  4 


England  in  the  year  1716.  No  veteran  library 
worker  would  be  surprised  or  very  much  dis- 
concerted at  being  abruptly  asked  whether 
Queen  Elizabeth  was  in  the  habit  of  putting 
her  right  shoe  on  before  her  left,  or  the  re- 
verse ;  or  whether  dentistry  was  known  to  the 
ancient  Egyptians;  or  what  proportion  of 
those  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Hastings  died 
of  their  injuries.  In  order  to  meet  with  smil- 
ing confidence  such  manifestations  of  extraor- 
dinary thirst  for  knowledge,  libraries  are  now 
more  and  more  following  the  practice  of  index- 
ing and  classifying  their  available  stores  of 
out-of-the-way  information.  The  Chicago 
Public  Library  has  begun  a  "Facts  and  Fig- 
ures Index"  of  this  nature.  From  a  week's 
list  of  inquiries  it  publishes  a  few  sample  ques- 
tions on  the  preparation  of  peanuts  for  mar- 
ket, the  number  of  buildings  erected  in  large 
cities  in  1913,  the  regulations  for  packing 
motion-picture  films  for  shipping,  the  rise  in 
real-estate  values,  the  amount  of  food  con- 
sumed by  the  nations  at  war,  the  number 
of  deaths  attributable  to  alcohol,  and  other 
equally  interesting  matters.  If  one  would 
learn  the  vast  range  and  variety  of  his  own 
ignorance,  let  him  serve  for  a  week  as  refer- 
ence librarian  in  a  large  library. 

AN  EMBARRASSING  OBLIGATION  that  has  often 
made  itself  felt  outside  the  library  world  is 
the  subject  of  some  editorial  remarks  in  the 
"Library  Occurrent"  the  quarterly  publica- 
tion of  the  Indiana  Public  Library  Commis- 
sion. After  giving  suggestions  for  district 
meetings  of  library  workers,  the  writer  refers 
to  two  reasons  that  "clearly  seem  to  have 
deterred  some  districts  from  meeting  oftener : 
difficulty  in  finding  an  easily  accessible  meet- 
ing place,  and  fear  of  social  obligations  con- 
nected with  the  meeting."  As  to  the  latter 
reason, —  "District  meetings  are  professional 
meetings,  and,  though  there  is  properly  a  so- 
cial atmosphere  when  friends  meet,  there 
should  be  no  attempt  on  the  part  of  the  host 
to  furnish  refreshments  or  entertainment. 
Unquestionably,  such  hospitality  adds  much  to 
the  pleasure  of  the  meeting,  but  the  expressed 
opinions  of  many  librarians  make  as  unques- 
tionable the  fact  that  many  librarians  whose 
boards  are  unwilling  to  pay  for  such  entertain- 
ment and  who  themselves  cannot  afford  to  do 
so,  feel  it  impossible  to  invite  the  district  to 
meet  with  them.  Either  such  entertaining 
should  be  entirely  omitted  or  the  district  itself, 
if  it  so  votes,  should  contribute  towards  the 
expense."  Possibly  a  useful  hint  might  here 
be  conveyed  by  citing  the  example  of  the 
charming  Mrs.  Ware  (wife  of  the  author  of 
"Zenobia,"  "Julian,"  and  other  books  now 


too  little  read)  who  by  her  graces  and  accom- 
plishments as  hostess  could  so  delight  those 
who  gathered  about  her  rather  meagre  board 
that  they  became  unaware  whether  they  were 
partaking  of  simple  bread  and  butter  and  tea 
or  were  feasting  on  ambrosia  and  nectar,  but 
with  a  subsequent  impression  that  it  had  been 
ambrosia  and  nectar. 

•    •    • 

THE  PASSION  FOR  TEXTUAL  CRITICISM  has  un- 
doubtedly  been  indulged  in  with  less  restraint 
by  German  scholars  than  by  the  scholars  of 
any  other  country,  and  the  stock  illustration 
of  this  passion  raised  to  its  highest  power  is 
the  traditional  but  unauthenticated  instance 
of  the  learned  Teuton  who  devoted  a  lifetime 
to  the  study  and  explanation,  of  a  certain 
punctuation  mark  in  an  ancient  manuscript, 
only  to  discover  at  the  very  end  that  it  was 
nothing  but  a  fly-speck  after  all.  A  conspicu- 
ous example  of  industry  and  zeal  in  textual 
criticism  was  the  late  Ingram  Bywater,  for- 
merly Regius  Professor  of  Greek  at  Oxford, 
who  died  in  one  of  the  last  days  of  the  past 
year,  and  whose  titles  and  honors  and  list  of 
scholarly  publications  make  a  most  impressive 
showing.  He  edited  with  microscopic  care  the 
fragments  of  Heraclitus,  the  works  of  Pris- 
cianus  Lydus,  Aristotle's  "Nicomachean 
Ethics"  and  "Poetics,"  and  wrote  a  treatise 
on  the  textual  criticism  of  the  "Ethics."  But 
it  was  his  work  on  the  ' '  Poetics ' '  that  consti- 
tuted his  magnum  opus,  though  that  frag- 
mentary disquisition  itself  is  but  an  opuscule, 
an  inconsiderable  item  in  the  list  of  Aristotle 's 
works.  Years  of  painstaking  research  were 
devoted  to  this  task,  and  it  was  not  until  1897, 
when  Bywater  was  fifty-seven  years  old,  that 
he  ventured  to  give  to  the  world  his  recension 
of  the  text,  with  critical  commentary.  Then 
followed  a  dozen  years  of  further  study  of  the 
Aristotelian  text,  after  which,  in  1909,  he 
issued  his  final  enlarged  and  emended  work 
on  the  "Poetics,"  accompanied  by  a  transla- 
tion and  elaborate  commentary.  From  that 
time  until  his  death  he  had  lived,  more  em- 
phatically than  before,  the  life  of  a  scholarly 
recluse  among  his  books,  in  his  home  at  Onslow 

Square,  London. 

•    •    • 

JUVENILE  DISRESPECT  FOR  LITERARY  PROP- 
ERTY, or,  in  plainer  language,  young  people's 
tendency  to  steal  books,  has  compelled  the 
trustees  of  the  Cambridge  (Mass.)  Public 
Library  to  discontinue,  so  far  as  the  children 
of  that  city  of  culture  are  concerned,  the  free- 
dom of  access  to  bookshelves  which  is  the  glory 
and  the  pride  of  those  library  workers  who  like 
to  believe  that  the  great  public  is  becoming 
more  and  more  intelligently  and  conscien- 


1915] 


137 


tiously  responsive  to  the  increasing  opportuni- 
ties and  privileges  extended  to  it  by  those  who 
purvey  to  its  literary  needs.  An  inventory, 
the  first  one  in  five  years,  has  lately  been  com- 
pleted in  the  juvenile  department  of  the  Cam- 
bridge library,  and  it  reveals  a  loss,  by  theft 
or  otherwise,  of  more  than  a  thousand  vol- 
umes. Hence  the  trustees'  action  in  enclosing 
the  formerly  open  children's  shelves.  "The 
new  arrangement,"  reports  the  librarian,  "is 
working  admirably  from  the  point  of  view  of 
both  the  children  and  the  attendants.  Its 
economic,  administrative  and  educational  ad- 
vantages seem  already  assured.  It  makes 
practicable  the  keeping  of  the  books  in  better 
condition,  and  the  room  in  better  order.  It 
enables  the  attendants  to  know  that  a  book  not 
in  its  proper  place  on  the  shelves  is  really  out 
and  not  merely  misplaced.  It  tends,  by  empha- 
sizing our  own  care  for  the  books,  to  make  the 
children  more  reverent  and  careful  of  them. 
Above  all,  it  obviates  the  moral  risk  involved 
in  an  arrangement  which,  because  of  the  struc- 
tural plan  of  the  room,  permitted  among  chil- 
dren frequent  and  undetected  thefts."  It 
may  be  that  these  children  will  value  their 
later  and  less  restricted  library  privileges  the 
more  highly  for  this  early  curb  to  their  law- 
lessness. ... 

FRENCH  POETRY  AND  GERMAN  POETRY  were 
once  compared,  or  contrasted,  by  Edward 
Rowland  Sill,  in  humorously  realistic  phrase, 
in  one  of  his  familiar  letters.  He  said :  "I  am 
coming  to  believe  the  Germans  an  unpoetic 
people  —  even  their  greatest  poets  are  pretty 
wordy  and  dull  and  clumsy.  But  there  is  a 
school  of  modern  French  poets  worth  trans- 
lating. I  have  been  doing  some  of  Sully  Prud- 
homme,  for  instance.  It  is  —  to  the  Germans 
—  as  cloud-fluff  to  cheese. ' '  In  the  same  vein 
one  of  his  published  bits  of  prose  has  this: 
"Perhaps  the  best  topics  on  which  to  feel  the 
difference  are  those  two  immemorial  inspirers 
of  song,  war  and  love.  "When  the  German  poet 
sings  of  war,  it  is  with  the  solemnity  of 
Korner's  'Gebet  wahrend  der  Schlacht. ' 
When  the  French  poet  sings  of  it,  it  is  with 
the  '  Gai !  Gai ! '  of  Beranger.  In  the  one,  you 
hear  the  heavy  tread  of  men,  a  dull,  regular 
beat,  which,  after  all,  is  not  very  distinguish- 
able to  the  ear,  as  to  whether  it  be  an  advanc- 
ing column  or  a  funeral  march.  In  the  other 
you  hear  only  the  bugles  ringing  and  shouts  of 
enthusiasm  and  excitement."  In  what  fol- 
lows the  Germans  seem  to  have  the  better  of 
it;  or  are  the  French  here,  too,  more  truly 
poetic?  "In  their  treatment  of  love  there  is 
even  sharper  contrast.  The  German  word 
Liebe  has  quite  a  different  atmosphere  of  sug- 
gestion from  the  French  amour.  The  German 


poet  sings  of  love  and  home;  you  feel  that 
there  is  at  least  a  possibility  that  the  passion 
of  to-day  will  outlast  the  year,  or  the  years. 
Constancy  is  one  of  its  very  elements.  When 
the  French  poet  sings  of  love,  it  is  very  deli- 
cate, rosy,  beautiful,  but  we  do  not  hear  of 
home."  These  quotations  are  from  the  just- 
published  biography  of  Sill,  reviewed  on  an- 
other page. 

READERS  BEHIND  THE  BARS  of  prison  cells 
make  a  peculiar  appeal  to  the  library  worker, 
and  library-extension  activities  in  our  penal 
institutions  are  increasing  at  an  encouraging 
rate.  Stone  walls  do  not  a  prison  make,  nor 
iron  bars  a  cage,  to  a  convict  absorbed  in  a 
good  book.  To  the  old  school  of  penologists 
this  would  seem  to  be  an  argument  for  with- 
holding the  good  book,  but  luckily  the  ten- 
dency now  is  to  lessen  the  rigors  of  incarcera- 
tion in  various  reformatory  ways,  including 
the  influence  of  wholesome  literature.  In  the 
"Seventh  Biennial  Report  of  the  Nebraska 
Public  Library  Commission"  a  very  readable 
section  treats  of  the  Commission 's  supervision 
of  libraries  in  State  institutions.  Here  is  a 
passage :  "In  writing  of  his  library  work  with 
the  men  at  the  penitentiary,  one  of  our  former 
librarians  says,  'A  prison  library  can  be  the 
drive  wheel  on  the  engine  of  discipline. '  This 
same  man,  whose  first  introduction  to  a  library 
was  in  our  state  prison,  after  his  release  sent 
in  from  one  of  our  far  western  counties  for  a 
traveling  library  for  the  girls  and  boys  of  the 
community.  The  books  had  to  be  hauled  thirty 
miles  from  the  railroad.  This  fall  he  sent  for 
another  library  and  sent  an  additional  request 
for  books  for  the  nearest  school.  Still  later, 
another  request  was  received  from  this  same 
district.  "We  are'  proud  indeed  of  the  work 
this  man  is  voluntarily  doing  and  to  know 
that  his  interest  in  libraries  is  a  permanent 
one."  It  needs  but  a  glance  at  a  library  map 
of  Nebraska,  where  whole  counties  are  still 
library-less,  to  demonstrate  the  opportunity 
there  offered  for  an  unlimited  amount  of  such 
library-extension  work  as  this  ex-convict  is 
now  so  zealously  doing. 

•    •    • 

.THE  PLACE  OF  CRITICISM  in  the  scheme  of 
things  is  one  to  which  the  critics  themselves 
are,  naturally  enough,  prone  to  ascribe  too 
much  importance.  In  a  current  magazine 
article  on  "The  Acid  of  Criticism"  the  Rev. 
Hugh  Black  says  some  things  that  apply  not 
only  to  Bible  criticism,  which  is  his  main 
theme,  but  also  to  literary  criticism  in  general 
and,  in  fact,  to  criticism  in  a  still  more  inclu- 
sive sense.  It  is  well  to  be  reminded,  now  and 
then,  that  criticism  commonly,  though  not 


138 


THE    DIAL, 


[  March  4 


always,  "deals  with  the  fringe,  the  methods 
and  the  outward  manifestations  of  life.  There 
is  room  for  criticism,  for  thought,  for  reason 
in  the  unfathomable  depths  of  divine  truth, 
but  these  do  not  generate  the  truth.  It  is 
intuitive.  The  child,  the  ignorant,  the  un- 
learned may  see  it.  It  is  to  be  seen,  not  argued 
about.  Men  spoke  before  the  laws  of  gram- 
mar were  propounded.  Men  reasoned  before 
Aristotle  built  up  logic.  Men  sang  before  the 
theory  of  music  was  dreamed  of.  Men  ate 
before  the  chemistry  of  edibles  was  studied. 
Men  believed  before  the  theology  was  built  up 
into  a  system  to  formulate  their  faith.  The 
explanation  may  be  difficult,  but  the  thing 
itself  is  simple.  The  science  of  it  may  be  im- 
perfect and  hard,  but  the  thing  itself  is  intui- 
tive —  a  flash,  a  gleam,  an  inspiration,  an  act. ' ' 
Those  who  believe  that  the  first  duty  of  criti- 
cism is  to  be  constructive  and  not  destructive, 
positive  and  not  negative,  sympathetic  and 
generously  appreciative  rather  than  antipa- 
thetic and  grudgingly  laudatory,  will  enjoy 
reading  in  full  the  utterance  here  fragmen- 
tarily  cited.  It  is  to  be  found  in  the  February 
number  of  "Everybody's  Magazine." 

•    •    • 

BOOKS  AS  FOOD  FOR  THE  FLAMES  are  expen- 
sive fuel.  The  number  of  valuable  libraries 
that,  partly  or  wholly,  have  in  recent  years 
gone  up  in  smoke  is  larger  than  most  people 
would  suspect.  The  fire  in  the  Wisconsin 
State  House  destroyed  several  department 
libraries  and  the  travelling  library  collections 
there  in  store.  The  Maryland  Institute  lost  by 
fire  a  rich  collection  of  works  on  art  and  archi- 
tecture, more  than  twenty  thousand  volumes 
in  all.  McGill  University  suffered  a  like  de- 
struction of  its  medical  library;  the  Spring- 
field (Mass.)  City  Library  has  experienced  a 
serious  loss  by  damage  to  its  books  by  fire; 
Turin's  ancient  university  had  one  hundred 
thousand  volumes  of  its  library  reduced  to 
ashes;  a  branch  of  the  St.  Louis  Public 
Library  was  wiped  out  by  fire ;  San  Francisco 
lost  its  public  library  by  earthquake  and  fire ; 
the  Equitable  Life  Insurance  Society  of  New 
York,  after  forming  what  was  esteemed  a 
unique  library  in  its  special  department,  saw 
it  fall  a  prey  to  the  flames;  the  Paterson 
(N.  J.)  Public  Library  was  totally  destroyed 
by  fire ;  the  library  of  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia suffered  a  like  fate ;  and,  to  cap  the  cli- 
max, the  State  Library  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  the 
most  important  collection  of  its  kind  in  the 
country,  fed  to  the  flames  nearly  half  a  million 
volumes,  more  than  quarter  of  a  million  manu- 
scripts, and  three  hundred  thousand  pam- 
phlets. These  rather  startling  proofs  of 


"hindsight"  in  the  fireproofing  of  libraries  are 
cited  by  the  Michigan  Library  Association  in 
an  appeal  to  the  State  Legislature  to  provide 
safe  quarters  for  the  Michigan  State  Library 
at  Lansing. 

COMMON  SENSE  IN  BIBLIOGRAPHY  needs  to  be 
preached  to  the  enthusiastic  bibliographer. 
Here  is  a  wise  word  from  the  current  number 
of  ' '  The  Papers  of  the  Bibliographical  Society 
of  America,"  the  writer  being  Mr.  Frederick 
W.  Jenkins :  "To  my  mind  the  greatest  need 
is  not  more  of  the  mechanical  records  of  every 
good,  bad,  and  indifferent  publication,  but  an 
indication  of  really  important  articles  and 
pamphlets,  as  well  as  books.  In  using  such 
records  I  find  nine-tenths  of  the  entries  only 
an  annoyance.  The  scholarly  tendency  to  put 
down  every  conceivable  thing  is  like  the  crazy 
librarian  who  saves  everything  in  type.  The 
real  service  to  the  public  is  to  make  a  list  of 
the  things  one  really  needs  to  read.  It  is  a 
mighty  unimportant  thing  practically  to  peo- 
ple to  see  a  catalogue  of  everything  that  has 
been  printed  on  a  certain  point;  99  per  cent, 
of  the  value  rests  in  finding  what  there  is  that 
is  worth  consulting. ' '  This  is  from  an  article 
on  "Bibliography  and  its  Relation  to  Social 
Work"  —  a  not  very  obvious  relation  at  first 
thought,  but  still  existent,  else  Mr.  Jenkins 
could  not  have  filled  four  octavo  pages  on  the 
subject.  Other  papers  in  the  same  issue  are 
a  "Bibliographical  Outline  of  French-Cana- 
dian Literature,"  by  Mr.  James  Geddes,  Jr., 
a  short  article  on  the  proposed  check-list  of 
Canadian  public  documents,  by  Mr.  Lawrence 
J.  Burpee,  and  an  account  of  the  Durrett  Col- 
lection in  the  Library  of  the  University  of 
Chicago,  more  especially  its  newspapers,  by 
Mr.  Edward  A.  Henry. 

•    •    • 

ONE  OF  THE  FAMOUS  LAWSUITS  OF  FICTION  IS 

recalled  to  the  novel-reader's  mind  by  the 
recent  death  of  David  Jennings  in  the  work- 
house at  Wolverhampton,  England.  He  was 
of  rather  more  than  local  celebrity  as  the 
claimant  to  the  ' '  Jennings  millions, ' '  a  Bir- 
mingham estate  long  held  in  rather  precarious 
possession,  and  at  an  immense  cost  for  legal  de- 
fence, by  the  descendants  of  Lady  Andover  and 
Earl  Howe ;  or  at  least  that  is  the  current  ac- 
count of  the  matter.  Dickens 's  famous  case  of 
"  Jarndyce  vs.  Jarndyce"  in  "Bleak  House," 
the  wearisome  Chancery  suit  "never  ending, 
still  beginning,"  is  said  to  be  taken  from  the 
Jennings  controversy  over  the  Birmingham 
property.  William  Jennings,  or  Jennens, 
known  as  "William  the  Rich,"  accumulated 
wealth  to  the  extent  of  about  eight  million 
dollars,  and  also  owned  extensive  tracts  of 


1915] 


139 


land  in  what  is  now  the  centre  of  Birming- 
ham. He  died  in  1798,  and  the  greater  part 
of  this  handsome  property  passed  to  the  two 
persons  named  above,  who  claimed  to  be  the 
next  of  kin.  From  that  time  until  about  forty 
years  ago  there  was  almost  constant  litigation 
over  the  disputed  millions,  and  a  goodly  share 
thereof  was  spent  in  keeping  them  out  of  the 
avid  Jenningses'  hands  —  which,  for  aught 
one  knows,  may  have  been  the  hands  rightly 
entitled  to  them.  But  with  the  death  of  poor 
David  in  the  workhouse  the  likelihood  of  fur- 
ther legal  dispute  over  the  famous  property 
seems  to  have  disappeared. 

•        •        • 

BOOKS  "NEVER  IN"  are  naturally  regarded 
by  many  disappointed  library-frequenters  as 
nothing  but  a  snare  and  a  delusion.  The  latest 
quarterly  bulletin  of  the  Carnegie  Library  of 
Atlanta  prints  some  observations  and  direc- 
tions in  regard  to  these  elusive  works  of  litera- 
ture, remarking  with  truth  that  "nothing  is 
more  discouraging  than  to  go  to  the  library 
several  times  in  a  vain  attempt  to  find  a  book, ' ' 
and  informing  the  reader  how,  at  the  expense 
of  one  cent  for  a  postal  card,  to  secure  the 
reservation  of  such  book,  unless  it  be  a  novel 
not  in  the  rent  collection,  at  the  earliest  pos- 
sible moment.  Some  libraries  undertake  to 
reserve  for  applicants  all  novels  except  recent 
accessions ;  others  go  so  far  as  to  reserve  even 
these  upon  request ;  and  we  recall  one  library 
where  instruction  was  issued  from  high  quar- 
ters to  the  desk  attendants  to  make  a  note  of  all 
books,  of  whatever  kind,  applied  for  unsuccess- 
fully, with  names  and  addresses  of  the  appli- 
cants, and  to  reserve  these  books  as  fast  as  they 
came  in,  at  the  same  time  notifying  the  appli- 
cants that  the  books  asked  for  were  now  avail- 
able. Any  library  worker  can  easily  imagine 
the  rapidly  increasing  congestion  and  confu- 
sion that  speedily  resulted  in  the  department 
undertaking  this  record.  Only  a  quiet  and  dis- 
creet disobedience  of  the  rule,  in  all  its  rigor, 
saved  the  desk  attendants  from  insanity  and 
the  circulation  department  from  paralysis. 

•        *        • 

LITERARY  DIPLOMATS  from  the  United  States 
of  America  are  at  present  filling  positions  call- 
ing for  the  greatest  practical  sagacity  and 
untiring  energy  as  well  as  the  utmost  tact  and 
diplomacy.  A  more  difficult  task  than  that 
imposed  for  the  past  six  months  on  our  Bel- 
gian minister  could  hardly  be  imagined. 
Probably  Mr.  Whitlock's  previous  "forty 
years  of  it"  will  seem  as  child's  play  to  him 
when  contrasted  with  this  subsequent  shorter 
period,  which  ought  to  furnish  a  supplement 
to  that  earlier  narrative  far  more  thrilling 
than  anything  recorded  in  those  noteworthy 


chapters.  Dr.  van  Dyke,  too,  at  The  Hague, 
must  have  been  acquiring  a  store  of  raw  mate- 
rial for  future  literary  use  such  as  falls  to  the 
lot  of  few  writers.  Mr.  Walter  Page,  also, 
trained  to  the  labors  of  the  pen  before  he 
essayed  those  of  the  ambassador,  is  in  the  very 
heart  of  things  at  London,  and  may  be  reck- 
oned upon  to  give  some  interesting  account  of 
himself  one  of  these  days.  Our  other  Ambas- 
sador Page,  at  Rome,  is  somewhat  removed 
from  the  crash  and  the  din ;  but  even  his  sit- 
uation is  not  without  its  possibilities,  and 
something  in  the  form  of  fiction,  or  perhaps  of 
most  interesting  diary  or  reminiscence,  will  be 
expected  from  him  to  show  how  far  he  has 
been  awake  to  his  enviable  opportunities. 
•  •  • 

THE  LIBRARY  AS  PACIFICATOR  has  a  duty  to 
perform,  as  we  are  reminded  by  an  editorial 
note  in  the  current  "Quarterly  Booklist"  of 
the  Pratt  Institute  Free  Library,  second  only 
in  importance  to  its  duty  as  educator.  Or 
perhaps  the  order  of  importance  should  be 
reversed.  At  any  rate,  the  Pratt  Institute 
librarian  holds  that ' '  the  Library  is  an  instru- 
mentality for  peace,"  and  continues:  "Our 
recently  published  list  of  books  dealing  with 
the  historical,  social  and  economic  issues  that 
led  to  the  European  eruption  is  intended  to  be 
an  argument  for  peace.  Without  infraction 
of  'neutrality,'  the  exercise  of  private  judg- 
ment as  to  the  righteousness  of  the  opposing 
contentions  is  encouraged  by  the  extensive 
literature  the  Library  affords  on  both  sides  of 
the  case.  We  invite  open-minded  reading  that 
may  lead  to  the  ultimate  conviction  of  the 
unrighteousness  of  war  upon  any  pretext,  and 
the  futility  of  it  as  a  means  of  deliverance 
from  the  ills  of  the  world."  The  writer  opti- 
mistically expects  the  forthcoming  peace 
(when  it  does  come)  to  be  "not  a  truce  under 
arms,  a  calm  of  suspended  hostilities,  the 
quiet  of  exhaustion,  the  silence  of  repression, 
but  the  permanent  abolition  of  warfare  with 
all  its  paraphernalia. ' '  If  abundance  of  read- 
ing matter  on  subjects  of  war  and  peace  could 
insure  that  desirable  end,  even  a  cursory 
glance  at  the  array  of  such  literature  exposed 
to  view  in  most  of  our  public  libraries  would 
encourage  hopes  of  a  speedy  dawn  of  a  new 
era  in  the  world's  history. 

•        •        • 

A  SET-BACK  TO  SIMPLIFIED  SPELLING,  in  En- 
gland at  least,  is  what  the  war  seems  in  some 
measure  to  be,  if  one  may  judge  from  an 
"editorial  noet"  in  the  latest  issue  of  "The 
Pioneer  ov  Simplified  Speling."  Until  the 
return  of  "pees"  (good  Chaucerian  orthog- 
raphy, by  the  way)  the  paper  will  be  published 
bi-monthly  instead  of  every  month.  As  a  pos- 


140 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  4 


sibly  interesting  curiosity,  and  as  a  lesson  in 
the  trans-oceanic  form  of  unorthodox  spelling, 
and  also  as  an  announcement  which  its  author 
may  like  to  see  enjoying  such  publicity  as  we 
can  give  it,  the  "editorial  noet"  is  here  re- 
printed in  full : 

"It  haz  been  desieded  tu  publish  THE  PIONEER 
everi  uther  munth  until  pees  iz  restord.  The  Edi- 
tor'z  adres  iz  45  Ladbroke  Grove,  London,  W. 
THE  PIONEER  iz  sent  graitis  tu  aul  Memberz  ov  the 
Simplified  Speling  Sosieti.  The  anyual  subskrip- 
shon  for  Asoeshiait  Memberz  iz  a  minimum  ov  wun 
shiling,  that  for  Aktiv  Memberz  a  minimum  ov 
fiev  shilingz.  Mor  muni  meenz  mor  pouer  tu  kari 
on  the  kampain.  Memberz  ar  urjd  tu  aplie  for 
leeflets  seting  forth  the  aimz  ov  the  Sosieti.  Theez 
and  aul  uther  informaishon  wil  be  gladli  sent  bi 
the  Sekretari  ov  the  Simplified  Speling  Sosieti,  44 
Great  Russell  Street,  London,  W.C." 
•  •  • 

THE  LUEE  OF  THE  EDITION  DE  LUXE,  despite 
repeated  warnings  from  those  who  know  the 
perils  and  pitfalls  awaiting  the  innocent  vic- 
tims, still  shows  itself  to  be  irresistible  in  a 
surprising  number  of  instances.  The  federal 
district  court  at  New  York  has  recently  found 
guilty  two  men  engaged  in  the  sale  of  books 
alleged  to  be  of  great  rarity  and  value,  the 
charge  brought  against  the  defendants  being, 
of  course,  that  of  illegally  using  the  mails  for 
the  advertising  and  sale  of  their  spurious 
goods.  More  than  ten  million  dollars,  it  is 
believed,  has  been  thus  fraudulently  obtained 
by  these  culprits  and  others  from  too  credu- 
lous buyers,  who  were  assured  that,  if  they 
desired,  their  purchases  would  be  resold  for 
them  at  a  handsome  profit  to  European  book- 
lovers  eager  to  secure  such  precious  examples 
of  the  art  of  book-manufacture.  In  vain  the 
net  is  spread  in  the  sight  of  any  bird,  but  the 
very  obvious  snare  of  the  edition  de  luxe  needs 
no  concealment  when  so  many  foolish  persons 
show  such  a  predilection  for  being  caught  in 
its  toils. 

A  UNIVERSITY  PRINTING  HOUSE  is  to  be  added 
to  the  equipment  of  Columbia  University,  says 
report.  The  Columbia  "Spectator,"  first  of 
college  journals  to  own  and  operate  its  print- 
ing plant,  has  transferred  this  to  the  uni- 
versity, and  it  will  form  the  nucleus  of  the 
new  Bureau  of  Printing  which  is  at  last  assum- 
ing definite  shape  after  several  years'  tenta- 
tive discussion.  Here,  then,  instead  of  outside 
the  academic  bounds  as  hitherto,  the  product 
of  the  literary  activity,  or  a  considerable  part 
of  it,  of  the  professors  and  other  university 
members  addicted  to  writing,  will  be  put  into 
printed  form ;  and  for  the  present,  at  least,  the 
bursar  will  superintend  the  work,  having  al- 
ready gained  experience  in  the  conduct  of  a 


small  printing  office  in  East  Hall,  where  much 
of  the  incidental  printing  of  the  university 
has  been  done.  The  basement  of  the  school  of 
journalism  will  be  used  as  quarters  for  the  new 
establishment. 


COMMUNICATIONS. 


A  FRENCH  FEMINIST  OF  TO-DAY.* 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

The  novels  of  Madame  Marcelle  Tinayre  have 
received  little  notice  from  American  critics,  but 
have  aroused  considerable  discussion  in  France. 
She  is  hailed  by  the  feminists  as  a  champion  of 
their  cause,  a  fact  which  may  give  her  some  title 
to  interest  on  this  side  of  the  water.  At  least  it  is 
interesting  to  note  the  trend  of  her  theories  of 
woman's  rights.  "  The  only  feminism  possible," 
says  a  reviewer  of  her  first  work,  "  Before  Love  " 
(1897),  "would  be  that  which  strives  to  keep 
woman  in  the  unique  religion  of  Love."  Mme. 
Tinayre  seems  to  have  accepted  the  views  of  her 
critic,  for  her  novels  are  a  justification  and  glorifi- 
cation of  feminine  passion.  The  most  interesting 
of  her  characters  are  her  heroines.  She  says  she 
has  "  dreamed  them  in  accordance  with  the  ideal  of 
an  ancient  poet, —  feminine  body,  heart  of  man, 
and  head  of  angel."  The  reader  may  be  inclined  to 
regard  them  as  romantic  titans  with  a  super- 
abundance of  feminine  body. 

Marianne,  in  "  Before  Love,"  demands  "  her 
place  in  the  sun,  and  her  right  to  love,"  by  which 
she  understands  little  more  than  the  elemental 
privilege  given  by  nature.  Jacqueline  Vallier  in 
"  The  Ransom "  is  a  frivolous  young  woman 
aroused  by  illicit  love  to  a  sense  of  her  responsi- 
bilities as  wife  and  mother.  The  reader  is  a  bit 
startled  to  see  adultery  seriously  proposed  as  a 
school  of  ethics,  and,  contrasting  the  work  with 
"  The  Princesse  de  Cleves,"  in  which  the  character 
of  the  heroine  develops  ^through  her  victory  over 
passion;  one  is  inclined  to  agree  with  Miss  Repplier 
that  our  age  is  marked  by  a  "  loss  of  moral  nerve." 
"  The  Storm  Bird  "  is  the  author's  weakest  attempt. 
One  critic  has  observed  that  it  is  the  counterpart 
of  "  Madame  Bovary,"  apparently  because  Mme. 
Tinayre  treats  her  erring  provincial  heroine  with 
all  tenderness,  while  Flaubert  applies  the  sternest 
logic  to  Emma  Bovary.  "  Helle  "  is  the  story  of 
the  niece  of  a  distinguished  Hellenist  who  has  edu- 
cated her  according  to  principles  of  his  own.  His 
aim  was  to  give  to  her,  a  woman,  what  the  Renais- 
sance had  brought  to  the  men  of  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury,—  liberation  of  the  spirit  from  the  chains  of 
convention,  social  and  religious.  She  is  deeply 
read  in  the  masterpieces  of  antiquity,  and  is  thus 
led  to  an  ideal  of  complete  and  harmonious  devel- 
opment of  character.  She  has  been  trained  to  be 
the  peer  and  comrade  of  her  husband,  who  is  to  be, 
as  her  uncle  puts  it,  one  who  has  known  how  to 
create  in  himself  a  demi-god.  Introduced  to  Pari- 
sian society,  she  scandalizes  the  dear  old  ladies  of 
another  generation  by  revolting  against  the  idea  of 

*  A  detailed  study  of  Mme.  Tinayre  is  to  appear  shortly  in 
the  "  Bulletin  "  of  the  University  of  Texas. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


141 


effacing  her  personality  in  love.  She  is  at  last 
united  to  a  high-minded  though  rather  pedantic 
social  reformer,  whose  work  she  shares.  Very 
much  a  woman  and  perhaps  the  most  attractive  of 
the  author's  heroines,  she  is  yet  more  a  rebel  than 
any  of  them,  as  her  battle  is  for  intellectual 
equality. 

Mme.  Tinayre's  masterpiece,  "  The  House  of  the 
Sin,"  is  not  a  thesis  novel,  though  some  critics 
would  make  it  a  diatribe  against  Christianity.  It 
relates  the  struggle  betAveen  human  passion  and  a 
fanatical  Jansenism ;  but  the  action  rises  naturally 
from  the  characters,  and  both  sides  receive  fair 
treatment.  Nowhere  has  the  author  succeeded  in 
giving  such  a  variety  of  uniformly  convincing  and 
well-drawn  portraits.  "  The  Amours  of  Francois 
Barbazanges  "  is  a  charming  idyll  which  presents 
amid  pathetic  and  comic  incidents  two  clashing 
images  of  love, —  that  of  the  so-called  idealists 
(the  scene  is  laid  in  the  seventeenth  century),  and 
that  of  the  realists  "  The  Rebel "  is  the  maturest 
work  of  the  author  in  the  literature  of  revolt. 
Josanne  Valentin  is  an  older  sister  of  Marianne, 
and  a  relative  at  least  of  Helle;  she  pleads  her 
cause  more  passionately  than  either.  She  demands 
equality  with  man,  and  freedom  in  both  emotional 
and  intellectual  spheres ;  but  in  the  working  out  of 
the  story  the  emphasis  is  on  liberty  in  passion.  A 
question  similar  to  that  of  "  Tess  of  the  D'Urber- 
villes  "  is  posed,  but  the  conclusion  is  very  different 
from  Mr.  Hardy's :  "  Victory  remained  with  love 
which  had  not  despaired,  with  love  strong  as  life." 
The  best  of  the  novel  is  the  description  of  humble 
quarters  of  Paris,  with  their  picturesque  denizens, 
and  of  Josanne's  work  as  reporter  for  "  Le  Monde 
Feminin,"  where  the  author  seems  to  be  drawing 
on  her  own  experience  as  a  journalist.  The  fault 
of  the  book  is  its  over-stress  on  the  thesis;  one 
feels  that  the  characters,  however  living,  are  forced 
into  subordination  to  it.  The  social  order  combat- 
ted  by  Mme.  Tinayre  as  the  universal  one,  is 
reversed  in  her  novels:  woman  holds  the  strings 
and  man  dances  to  her  music.  Slave  of  his  slave 
becomes  his  doom,  and  the  reader  cannot  escape 
the  impression  of  a  decidedly  abnormal  state  of 
society. 

The  author's  latest  books  seem  to  be  drawing 
away  from  "  problem  "  studies.  "Mourning  Love  " 
is  a  collection  of  short  stories  relating  the  suffering 
imposed  by  passion  in  different  situations.  Love  is 
represented  as  an'  all-conquering  force  for  whose 
loss  there  is  no  consolation  but  death.  "  The 
Shadow  of  Love  "  takes  us  to  the  author's  native 
province,  Limousin,  and  charming  descriptions  of 
this  out-of-the-way  region  serve  to  lighten  a  dis- 
agreeable story.  Mme.  Tinayre  is  at  her  best  in 
portraying  picturesque  characters  and  landscape; 
here  Limousin  gives  her  ample  opportunity.  The 
background  of  "  The  Sweetness  of  Living "  is 
Naples;  the  subject  is  the  effect  of  the  voluptuous 
Italian  sky  on  visitors  from  the  north.  The  last 
book,  "  Madeleine  at  the  Mirror,"  is  not  a  novel, 
but  the  reveries  of  a  young  widow.  It  is  written  in 
a  rich  poetic  style,  and,  best  of  all,  portrays  a 
woman's  character  so  simply  that  we  almost  forget 
its  complexity.  Madeleine,  not  being  a  heroine  of 


fiction,  is  permitted  her  share  of  sound  judgment 
and  some  sense  of  humor. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  many  of  the  author's 
ideas  will  seem  less  revolutionary  in  America  than 
in  France  of  to-day.  We  are  rapidly  consenting  to 
the  re-division  of  social  privilege,  and  are  giving 
woman  an  equal  part  with  man ;  she  receives  prac- 
tically the  same  education,  and  can  thus  enter  life's 
struggle  on  equal  terms  with  him.  Marriage  is 
more  or  less  a  partnership,  in  which  both  parties 
retain  to  a  large  extent  their  right  of  individual 
development,  and  in  which  sacrifices  are  divided. 
Other  claims  on  which  Mme.  Tinayre  insists  more 
may  be  less  acceptable.  She  regards  passion  as  an 
universal  and  irresistible  force,  perhaps  stronger 
in  woman  than  in  man.  She  comes  perilously  near 
demanding  the  application  in  favor  of  her  sex  of 
the  "  wild  oats  theory."  Herein  lies  a  curious  con- 
tradiction in  her  thought.  Her  heroines  are  con- 
stantly enslaved  by  the  very  passion  they  demand 
freedom  to  gratify.  It  is  written  of  the  rebel  her- 
self :  "  She  is  no  longer  Josanne  Valentin,  she  is 
woman  before  man,"  and  she  returns  to  elemental 
instincts  in  the  embrace  of  her  lover.  If  it  is  all  to 
end  thus,  why  so  much  ado? 

Mme.  Tinayre's  work  shows  some  striking  points 
of  resemblance  to  that  of  George  Sand.  In  both 
are  found  the  passionate  rebel,  the  socialist  and  the 
lover  of  picturesque  landscape  with  its  humble  toil- 
ers. It  may  be  hoped  that  this  new  titan,  like  her 
predecessor,  will  abandon  theses,  choosing  defi- 
nitely to  present  new  corners  of  Limousin  and 
above  all  to  portray  character  without  bias.  In  her 
thesis  novels,  to  put  it  brutally,  there  is  too  much 
that  recalls  Rabelais's  "  Et  tout  pour  les  tripes !  " 
BENJ.  M.  WOODBRIDGE. 

University  of  Texas,  Feb.  18,  1915. 


BUSKIN  AND  WAE. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

Those  who  hold  to  the  belief,  urged  in  your  pages 
recently  by  Mr.  Charles  Leonard  Moore,  that  war 
and  cultural  progress  are  somehow  inseparable  are 
often  fond  of  citing  Ruskin  as  a  conspicuous  cham- 
pion of  their  theory.  And  it  is  true  that  Ruskin 
did  believe  that  in  the  past  war  had  been  "  the 
foundation  of  all  the  high  virtues  and  faculties  of 
men."  But  of  modern  war,  of  war  as  it  is  being 
waged  to-day,  let  us  hear  what  he  has  to  say.  (The 
passage  is  to  be  found  in  the  lecture  on  War  re- 
printed in  "  The  Crown  of  Wild  Olive.") 

"  If  you  have  to  take  away  masses  of  men  from 
all  industrial  employment, —  to  feed  them  by  the 
labour  of  others, —  to  move  them  and  provide  them 
with  destructive  machines,  varied  daily  in  national 
rivalship  of  inventive  cost;  if  you  have  to  ravage 
the  country  which  you  attack, —  to  destroy  for  a 
score  of  future  years,  its  roads,  its  woods,  its  cities, 
and  its  harbours; —  and  if,  finally,  having  brought 
masses  of  men,  counted  by  hundreds  of  thousands, 
face  to  face,  you  tear  those  masses  to  pieces  with 
jagged  shot,  and  leave  the  fragments  of  living  crea- 
tures, countlessly  beyond  all  help  of  surgery,  to 
starve  and  parch,  through  days  of  torture,  down 
into  clots  of  clay  —  what  book  of  accounts  shall 
record  the  cost  of  your  work; — what  book  of  judg- 


142 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  4 


ment  sentence  the  guilt  of  it?  That,  I  say,  is  mod- 
ern war, —  scientific  war, —  chemical  and  mechanic 
war,  worse  even  than  the  savage's  poisoned  arrow." 
When  one  considers  the  hellish  perfection  to 
which  "  chemical  and  mechanic "  war  has  been 
brought  since  Ruskin's  time,  one  cannot  but  feel 
that  even  that  supreme  master  of  language  would 
have  been  at  a  loss  for  words  forcible  and  fiery 
enough  to  express  his  abhorrence  of  the  "  insensate 
devilry  "  of  modern  war.  I,  for  one,  cannot  but 
believe  that  he  would  have  preferred  to  see  all  the 
great  cultural  treasures  of  the  past  perish  like  the 
manuscripts  of  Louvain  or  the  painted  glass  of 
Rheims  rather  than  that  Europe  should  be  devas- 
tated and  tortured  and  impoverished  and  brutalized 
as  is  being  done  to-day.  RALPH  BBONSON. 

Wyoming,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  23, 1915. 


WHEN  IS  A  NOVEL  NOT  A  NOVEL? 

(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
Having  been  occupied  with  the  reviewing  of 
novels  for  some  thirty  years  past,  I  may  claim  a 
certain  acquaintance  with  the  subject-matter  of  the 
above  query.  A  circulating  library  called  the 
"  New  Fiction  Library,"  having  branches  in  many 
cities,  publicly  advertises  its  readiness  to  supply  its 
customers  in  the  following  language:  "Any  book 
of  new  fiction  not  in  stock  will  be  secured  on  the 
following  day."  For  several  weeks  now  I  have 
been  asking  to  be  supplied  with  Nexo's  "  Pelle  the 
Conqueror,"  and  have  been  refused.  At  last  comes 
a  letter  from  the  New  York  headquarters  of  the 
concern,  stating  as  the  reason  for  refusal  that 
"  Pelle  "  is  not  a  work  of  fiction.  This  assertion  is 
not  only  a  ridiculous  falsehood,  but  it  comes  with 
comical  effect  from  a  concern  which  supplies  its 
customers  with  "  Jean-Christophe  "  and  "  The  Re- 
volt of  the  Angels."  A  second  reason  adduced  (as 
in  the  old  story  of  the  stolen  kettle),  is  that 
"  Pelle  "  is  in  two  volumes,  "  which  in  itself  would 
bar  it  from  being  placed  in  our  library."  But  how 
about  "  Jean-Christophe,"  in  three  volumes  ?  Last 
of  all,  the  real  reason  for  the  refusal  is  given: 
"  Pelle  is  not  a  popular  book  of  fiction,  and  would 
only  be  read  once  or  twice."  But  this  does  not  seem 
to  be  in  accordance  with  the  advertised  promise,  as 
above  quoted.  -^  ^  p 

Chicago,  Feb.  20,  191?. 


DID  MILTON  NOD? 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
In  the  tenth  book  of  "  Paradise  Lost "  there  occurs 
a  textual  difficulty  to  which  I  have  never  seen  atten- 
tion called.  It  is  in  the  account  of  Satan's  second 
interview  with  Sin  and  Death,  and  has  to  do  with 
the  cosmic  locality  in  which  the  poet  would  have  his 
reader  picture  the  parties.  At  the  moment  of  the 
meeting  Satan  is  represented  as  "  now  returned  to 
hell,"  1.  346;  and  as  being  "near  the  foot"  of 
the  upright  structure  just  completed  by  Sin  and 
Death,  1.  348.  His  location,  therefore,  as  at  or 
near  Hell-gate,  seems  doubly  indicated :  (1)  he  has 
returned  from  Earth  to  his  own  abode;  and  (2) 
he  is  at  the  foot  of  a  structure  which  rises  from 


Hell  to  a  point  hard  by  the  gate  of  Heaven.  But 
in  spite  of  this,  some  lines  further  on,  as  Satan  is 
closing  his  speech,  he  is  evidently  not  at  the  bottom, 
but  at  the  top  of  the  new  viaduct.  On  it  he  pro- 
poses to  descend  to  Hell,  1.  394;  on  it  he  does 
descend  to  Hell-gate,  1.  414;  furthermore  to  reach 
the  terrestrial  paradise  Sin  and  Death  must  de- 
scend, 1.  398 ;  —  all  three  of  them  are  "  near  Heav- 
en's door "  1.  389.  Has  the  poet  in  closing  the 
scene  forgotten  where  he  began  it?  That  seems 
incredible.  Have  we  then  just  here  evidence  of 
inadvertence  on  the  part  of  some  amanuensis'? 
This  also  seems  incredible,  for  there  is  no  one  word 
or  phrase  failure  to  catch  which  would  account  for 
the  inconsistency. 

This  passage  (330ff.)  is  of  the  greater  impor- 
tance because  of  its  bearing  upon  the  problem  of 
the  correct  location  of  the  head  of  "  the  new  won- 
drous pontifice."  Dr.  Stopford  A.  Brooke,  in  his 
"  Milton  Primer,"  p.  87,  makes  the  structure  ter- 
minate at  "  the  base  "  of  the  newly  created  cosmos, 
while  Professor  Masson  and  Dr.  Orchard  carry  it 
higher,  even  to  the  summit,  hard  by  the  foot  of  the 
Golden  Heaven-stair.  The  parallelism  in  function 
between  the  celestial  stair  and  the  infernal  bridge 
favors  Dr.  Brooke's  interpretation,  but  the  passage 
before  us  is  clearly  against  it.  If  any  reader  of 
THE  DIAL  will  harmonize  the  data  of  this  problem, 
he  will  surely  place  many  students  under  obliga- 
tion. Even  a  conjecture  should  be  of  value. 

"W.  F.  WARREN. 
Brookline,  Mass.,  Feb.  19}  1915. 


IMPEEIAL  JAPANESE  POETRY. 

(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
The  late  Emperor,  Meiji  Tenno,  as  he  is  posthu- 
mously known,  and  the  late  Empress,  were  both 
proficient  and  prolific  in  the  production  of  the 
famous  Japanese  short  poem.  The  present  Em- 
peror and  Empress  seem  to  be  following  in  the 
footsteps  of  their  predecessors.  The  following 
translations  of  some  of  their  recent  poems  will 
indicate  how  their  minds  are  occupied  at  the  pres- 
ent time.  The  first  three  are  by  the  Emperor;  the 
remaining  two  by  the  Empress. 

"  If  life,  for  country's  sake  men  give, 
How  shall  dependent  loved  ones  live?" 

"  The  fortress  hard  to  take ! 
Alas!  the  children,  wives, 
Set  mourning  for  the  sake 
Of  those  who  gave  their  lives!  " 

"  As  monuments  sublime  war  trophies  stand. 
Their  cost?    The  lives  of  men  throughout  the  land." 

"  See!     Skilled  of  hand  and  brave  of  heart, 
Kind  women  into  service  press, 
From  homes  and  little  ones  apart, 
The  soldiers'  ills  to  heal  and  bless." 

"  The  widowed  ones,  how  shall  they  spend  their  years? 

Their  keepsakes,  soldiers'  letters,  stained  with  tears!  " 

I  might  add  that  the  work  of  translation  and 
versification  has  been  done  by  Mr.  D.  Miyake,  of 
the  Japanese  Navy,  and  Professor  Philip  Henry 
Dodge.  ERNEST  W.  CLEMENT. 

Tokyo,  Japan,  Feb.  2,  1915. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


143 


Deto  Socks. 


ONE  WHOM  THE  GODS  TJOVEI>.* 


Not  having  a  heart  "  dry  as  summer  dust," 
Edward  Rowland  Sill  was  not  one  of  those 
who  are  suffered  to  ' '  burn  to  the  socket, ' '  but 
rather  did  he  belong  among  those  favorites  of 
heaven  to  whom  an  early  death  is  benign  an tly 
granted.  Five  and  forty  years  was  his  allotted 
span,  and  it  sufficed  him  for  such  rare  and 
exquisite  self-expression  in  word  and  deed,  in 
prose  and  verse  and  daily  conduct,  as  will  long 
be  an  inspiration  to  those  qualified  to  appre- 
ciate what  his  too-short  life  and  his  too-modest 
contribution  to  literature  stood  for.  Of  these 
discerning  few  is  his  present  biographer,  Mr. 
William  Belmont  Parker,  who  is  also  the  editor 
of  his  collected  poems,  and  who,  as  he  tells  us, 
more  than  ten  years  ago,  in  a  burst  of  enthu- 
siasm and  admiration,  entered  upon  this  more 
important  task  now  so  happily  completed. 
When  half-way  through  his  work  as  originally 
planned,  the  author  came  under  the  influence 
of  that  master-biographer,  Leslie  Stephen,  and 
turned  back  to  make  his  book  as  far  as  possible 
an  autobiography  of  Sill,  drawing  largely 
upon  the  latter 's  correspondence  and  other 
writings  for  the  purpose.  For  it  was  a  dictum 
of  Stephen's  that  "nobody  ever  wrote  a  dull 
autobiography,"  and  that  though  "the  biog- 
rapher can  never  quite  equal  the  autobiog- 
rapher,"  yet  "with  a  sufficient  supply  of 
letters  he  may  approach  very  closely  to  the 
same  results."  Thus,  while  no  one  can  tell 
how  good  Mr.  Parker's  work  as  first  con- 
ceived would  have  been,  it  is  certain  that  the 
actual  production,  with  its  copious  extracts 
from  Sill's  unpublished  manuscripts,  epis- 
tolary and  other,  gives  a  clear  and  vivid  im- 
pression of  what  manner  of  human  being  here 
confronts  us. 

"Like  most  American  men  of  letters," 
the  opening  chapter  begins,  "the  author  of 
'Opportunity'  and  'The  Fool's  Prayer'  was  a 
native  of  New  England. ' '  Windsor,  Connect- 
icut, was  his  birthplace;  April  29,  1841,  the 
date  of  his  birth.  He  was  a  descendant  of 
Presbyterian  and  Congregational  ministers  on 
his  mother's  side,  of  physicians  and  surgeons 
on  his  father's,  and  his  ancestral  tree  is  rich 
in  Walcotts,  Grants,  Edwardses,  Ellsworths, 
Rowlands,  Allyns,  and  representatives  of 
other  good  old  New  England  families.  Early 
left  an  orphan,  Sill  had  no  very  permanent 
place  of  abode  in  all  his  life.  An  uncle 's  house 
at  Cuyahoga  Falls  in  Ohio  was  always  open  to 
him.  and  it  was  there  and  at  another  uncle's 

*  EDWARD  ROWLAND  SILL.  His  Life  and  Work.  By  William 
Belmont  Parker.  Illustrated.  Boston :  Houj?hton  Mifflin  Co. 


in  Pennsylvania,  and  finally  at  Exeter,  that  he 
spent  the  years  devoted  to  preparation  for 
Yale,  whence  he  was  graduated  at  twenty. 
A  voyage  to  California  then  followed,  and  half 
a  dozen  years  of  changing  occupations  in  that 
new  land,  after  which  came  marriage,  a  brief 
taste  of  theological  study  at  the  Harvard 
Divinity  School,  six  weeks  of  journalism  in 
New  York,  two  years  of  high-school  principal- 
ship  and  superintendency  of  schools  at  Cuya- 
hoga Falls,  twelve  of  teaching  in  California, 
including  nine  years  in  the  chair  of  English 
at  the  State  University,  and,  finally,  from 
1883  until  his  death  in  1887,  literary  pursuits 
at  Cuyahoga  Falls  with  no  daily  grind  of  reci- 
tations and  lectures.  But  from  his  college 
days  to  the  end  Sill  was  addicted  to  writing, 
with  brilliant  success  in  competition  for  aca- 
demic honors,  biat  apparently  never  with  any 
consuming  desire  to  see  himself  in  print.  On 
this  point  he  said  of  himself  in  later  life,  in 
writing  to  an  editor  and  friend : 

"  I  don't  think  other  people  feel  the  way  I  do 
about  that.  When  a  thing  is  written,  they  have  a 
trembling  hope,  at  least,  that  it  is  good,  and  any- 
how wish  to  have  it  used.  But  you  should  see  the 
equanimity  with  which  I  write  thing  after  thing  — 
both  prose  and  verse  —  and  stow  them  away,  never 
sending  them  anywhere,  or  thinking  of  printing  any 
book  of  them,  at  present,  if  ever.  Sometimes  I  do 
think  I  will  leave  a  lot  of  stuff  for  some  one  to  pick 
out  a  post-humorous  volume  from  —  but  more  and 
more  my  sober  judgment  tells  me  that  other  people 
have  seen  or  will  see  all  that  I  have,  and  will  state 
it  better." 

This  lack  of  eagerness  for  public  fame  both 
contributes  to  the  charm  he  exerts  over  us  and 
helps  to  account  for  the  veil  of  anonymity  he 
chose  to  throw  over  much  of  his  best  literary 
work.  It  was  in  the  unpretentious  ' '  Contribu- 
tors'  Club"  of  the  magazine  edited  by  his 
friend  Aldrich  that  he  most  frequently  ap- 
peared in  his  choice  bits  of  unsigned  prose, 
and  it  was  in  the  same  monthly  periodical  that 
he  first  came  somewhat  conspicuously  into 
public  view  as  a  poet.  Even  as  a  poet  of  whose 
merit  Aldrich  delighted  to  regard  himself  as 
the  discoverer,  Sill  would  fain  have  remained 
unknown  by  name.  He  writes  to  the  editor: 
"  I  like  the  anonymousness  of  the  Contribu- 
tors' Club.  Would  you  not  as  soon  print 
poems  for  me  unsigned  ? ' '  Occasionally  he  was 
permitted  to  use  a  pen-name,  partly  to  avoid 
any  seeming  excess  of  his  verse  in  the  maga- 
zine. On  the  subject  of  pseudonymity  occurs 
this  characteristic  utterance  in  one  of  his  let- 
ters to  Aldrich  : 

"  It  may  be  said  —  but  a  man  would  be  in  danger 
of  printing  (or  offering  for  print)  things  that  he 
would  have  made  better  if  his  own  name  were  to  go 
with  them.  No,  I  think  not.  If  he  had  a  perma- 


144 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  4 


nent  mask  he  would  be  more  sensitive  about  this 
even  than  his  own  proper  face,  and  would  do  his 
best  for  it." 

Significant  of  his  modesty  and  of  his  un- 
willingness to  bear  the  responsibility  of  any- 
thing short  of  the  best  possible  in  his  art,  is 
the  fact  that  only  one  slight  volume,  "The 
Hermitage,  and  Other  Poems,"  was  given  by 
him  to  the  public ;  what  else  we  have  from  his 
pen  in  book  form  is  of  the  posthumous  sort 
which  he  wittily  but  not  quite  accurately  chose 
to  regard  as  "post-humorous."  This  anxious 
concern  about  the  products  of  his  pen  appears 
again  and  again  in  his  correspondence  —  so 
often  as  possibly  to  arouse  a  suspicion  of  mock 
modesty,  unjust  though  such  a  suspicion  must 
be  held  by  his  admirers  —  and  it  is  found  in 
an  amusing  form  in  a  letter  to  Aldrich  that  is 
worth  quoting,  in  part,  at  this  point,  largely 
because  it  shows  how  far  the  writer  had 
strayed  from  the  rigid  orthodoxy  of  his  Pres- 
byterian ancestors.  He  writes,  under  date  of 
June  9,  1885 : 

"  Do  you  want  to  do  me  a  great  favor?  I  don't 
know  in  the  least  what  your  proclivities  (or  declivi- 
ties) are  in  the  way  of  religious  matters,  but  I  am 
going  to  assume  that  yours  are  not  far  away  from 
mine  —  enough  to  ask  you,  if  you  are  naturally  in 
the  way  of  seeing  manuscripts,  submitted  to  the 
firm  for  publication,  to  look  into  an  essay  I  sent 
them  (with  some  others)  entitled  '  The  XlXth  Cen- 
tury '  —  along  toward  the  end  of  it  —  and  purloin 
certain  pages  treating  of  the  Christian  Church  as  a 
nuisance  and  a  fraud  —  if  it  is  likely,  otherwise,  to 
be  read  by  some  members  of  the  firm  (I  don't  in 
the  least  know  who  or  what  they  are)  —  some  very 
conservative,  elderly,  religious,  sensitive,  choleric, 
old-fashioned  gentleman  with  gold-spectacles  and 
high  collar,  and  a  pew  in  church  and  gold-headed 
cane  —  who  hates  George  Sand  and  Herbert  Spen- 
cer (by  reputation)  and  loves  Joseph  Cook.  Is 
there  such  a  fearful  catastrophe  imminent  as  that 
such  a  man  should  read  my  essay  and  be  made 
really  ill  by  it?" 

Almost  twenty  years  earlier  the  conviction 
had  begun  to  force  itself  upon  Sill  that  he 
could  never  be  other  than  a  non-conformist, 
that  he  must  live  his  own  life  and  think  his 
own  thoughts  in  entire  independence.  Hence, 
in  part  at  least,  the  severing  of  his  connection 
with  the  University  of  California,  where  in  his 
day  a  free-thinker  was  not  exactly  a  persona 
grata.  Hence  also,  still  earlier,  his  departure 
from  Cambridge  and  his  farewell  to  the  study 
of  theology.  "There  could  be  no  pulpit  for 
me  after  going  through  there,"  he  says,  "ex- 
cept as  an  independent,  self -supported  minis- 
ter, which  of  course  is  open  to  any  one  with  a 
purse.  I  came  reluctantly  to  that  conclusion. 
Another  person,  even  with  my  opinions  in 
theology,  might  have  judged  differently.  It 
is  no  sentimentalism  with  me  —  it  is  simply  a 


solemn  conviction  that  a  man  must  speak  the 
truth  as  fast  and  as  far  as  he  knows  it  —  truth 
to  him.  I  may  be  in  error  —  but  what  I 
believe  is  my  sacred  truth,  and  must  not  be 
diluted.  When  I  get  money  enough  to  live  on 
I  mean  to  preach  religion  as  I  believe  in  it. 
Emerson  could  not  preach,  and  now  I  under- 
stand why."  Hence,  once  more,  his  inability, 
as  a  mere  youth,  to  conduct  himself  as  a  model 
student  at  the  hide-bound  Yale  College  of  his 
day ;  and  in  the  light  of  his  subsequent  devel- 
opment one  is  not  surprised  to  find  him  chafing 
under  meaningless  restraint,  breaking  arbi- 
trary rules,  and  rusticated  at  the  end  of 
Freshman  year  for  neglect  of  college  exercises, 
which  included  perfunctory  and  undevotional 
chapel  attendance  sixteen  times  a  week. 

Of  Sill's  variety  and  brilliancy  of  endow- 
ment we  get  a  hint  from  the  testimonies  of 
classmates  printed  in  the  biography.  Gov- 
ernor Baldwin,  of  Connecticut,  finds  written 
in  his  diary  of  those  student  days:  "We 
haven't  got  much  of  a  class,  but  Sill  is  some- 
what of  a  genius,  to  be  sure."  Before  his  first 
year  of  college  was  half  completed  this  was 
the  general  verdict  concerning  him.  Another 
classmate  recalls  that  "despite  his  slight  fig- 
ure, he  had  a  beautiful  rich  bass  voice;  and 
he  had,  of  course,  as  lyric  poets  must  have,  a 
genius  for  music.  He  could  play  on  any  in- 
strument he  took  a  notion  to,  with  very  little 
practice.  Yet  I  don't  remember  that  he  sang 
in  the  choir.  Perhaps  he  would  have  been  apt 
to  refrain  in  those  rebellious  years,  because  of 
distaste  for  the  service."  It  appears  that  at 
one  time  he  thought  seriously  of  training  him- 
self to  become  an  organist.  That  was  in  the 
first  California  period,  when  also  he  came 
within  a  little  of  adopting  the  stage  as  his 
profession,  and  when  too  he  made  trial  of  the 
law  (or  gave  some  thought  thereto),  of  ranch- 
ing, of  bank-clerking,  of  post-office  work,  for  a 
season  coquetted  with  the  notion  of  studying 
medicine,  and  doubtless  turned  his  eager  and 
active  mind  in  many  other  more  or  less  prom- 
ising directions  besides.  As  an  actor  or  as  a 
musician  there  is  reason  to  believe  he  might 
have  won  distinction ;  as  an  expounder  of  the 
' '  nice  sharp  quillets  of  the  law ' '  he  would  have 
been  a  ludicrous  misfit;  and  as  a  healer  of 
the  sick  he  would,  despite  his  gentleness,  his 
sympathy,  and  his  tenderness,  have  rebelled 
against  the  monotony  and  the  drudgery  of  the 
calling. 

As  already  intimated,  the  author  has  done 
well  to  let  Sill  tell  most  of  his  own  story,  and 
to  withhold,  so  far  as  the  present  work  is  con- 
cerned, such  excursions  in  "essay  and  criti- 
cism" as  had  been  included  in  his  first  plan. 
The  real  Edward  Rowland  Sill  was  what  his 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


145 


lovers  were  waiting  for,  and  this  is  what  Mr. 
Parker's  book,  written  with  the  sanction  and 
help  of  Sill's  relatives  and  friends,  and  well 
provided  with  portraits  and  other  illustra- 
tions, now  faithfully  presents. 

PERCY  F.  BICKNELL. 


CLASSICS  ox  THE  ART  OF  PLAY-MAKING.* 


When  the  new  Hall  of  Philosophy  at 
Columbia  University  was  opened  in  1911,  two 
rooms  were  allotted  to  Professor  Brander 
Matthews  in  which  to  house  the  dramatic 
museum  it  had  long  been  his  ambition  to 
establish.  The  larger  of  these  rooms  now  con- 
tains a  dramatic  library  of  several  thousand 
volumes;  a  considerable  proportion  of  which 
are  the  gift  of  Professor  Matthews  himself, 
while  the  smaller  has  been  set  apart  for  the 
exhibition  of  an  historical  series  of  models, 
illustrating  the  successive  stages  in  the  devel- 
opment of  the  drama  from  the  days  of  the 
Greeks  to  the  present  time.  Many  of  these 
models  have  already  been  installed;  a  few, 
such  as  the  Palladian  Theatre  at  Vicenza  and 
the  theatre  built  by  Richelieu  in  the  Palais- 
Cardinal,  await  a  patron's  bounty,  all  the 
models  displayed  being  the  gifts  of  individ- 
uals. Although  still  incomplete,  this  excep- 
tional museum  contains  in  miniature  the 
Athenian  Theatre  of  Dionysus,  a  platform  of 
a  French  mystery  play,  a  pageant-wagon  of 
an  English  mystery,  a  platform  in  a  Tudor 
inn  yard,  a  stage-set  of  the  Italian  comedy  of 
Masks,  a  multiple-set  at  the  Hotel  de  Bour- 
gogne  and  the  Fortune  Theatre,  a  fairly  com- 
plete historical  series  with  which  to  make 
plain  to  the  student  the  development  of  the 
drama  from  the  days  of  the  Greeks  to  the  time 
when  Moliere,  inspired  by  Italian  mask  com- 
edy, created  the  modern  drama. 

No  true  student  of  the  stage  will  gainsay 
the  practicality  of  this  museum.  Indeed,  as 
Professor  Matthews  says  in  his  prefatory  note 
to  its  catalogue': 

"  In  so  far  as  the  drama  is  within  the  limits  of 
literature  it  can  be  studied  in  a  library;  but  in  so 
far  as  it  is  outside  the  limits  of  literature,  it  needs 
for  its  proper  understanding  a  gallery  and  a 
museum,  containing  the  graphic  material  which  will 
help  the  student  to  reconstruct  for  himself  the 
conditions  under  which  the  masterpieces  of  the 
great  dramatists  were  originally  performed  —  the 

*  PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  DRAMATIC  MUSEUM  OF  COLUMBIA 
UNIVERSITY.  Comprising :  The  New  Art  of  Writing  Plays, 
by  Lope  de  Vega,  translated  by  William  T.  Brewster,  with 
Introduction  by  Brander  Matthews  :  The  Autobiography  of  a 
Play,  by  Bronson  Howard,  with  Introduction  by  Augustus 
Thomas  ;  The  Law  of  the  Drama,  by  Ferdinand  Brunetiere, 
with  Introduction  by  Henry  Arthur  Jones ;  Robert  Louis 
Stevenson  as  a  Dramatist,  by  Arthur  Wing  Pinero,  with 
Introduction  by  Clayton  Hamilton.  New  York :  Dramatic 
Museum  of  Columbia  University. 


conditions  in  conformity  with  which  they  were 
composed." 

With  this  pronouncement  all  those  who  really 
know  the  stage  and  its  functions  will  agree; 
for  although  we  may  read  dramatic  master- 
pieces while  sitting  in  a  comfortable  library 
chair,  we  should  not  forget  that  they  were 
written  to  be  seen,  on  the  stage.  In  other 
words,  unless  we  can  visualize  the  size  and 
arrangement  of  the  theatres  in  which  they 
were  played,  as  well  as  the  character  of  the 
audiences  to  which  they  made  appeal,  we  can- 
not rightly  estimate  the  work  of  such  masters 
as  Sophocles,  Shakespeare,  Moliere,  and  Gol- 
doni.  As  an  aid  to  this  necessary  visualiza- 
tion, Professor  Matthews 's  museum  stands 
unique.  The  Comedie  Franchise  possesses 
certain  models  illustrating  plays  it  has  pro- 
duced; while  at  the  Clara-Ziegler  Haus  in 
Munich,  there  is  a  museum  showing  the  his- 
tory of  the  German  stage;  yet  neither  of 
these  chauvinistic  collections,  nor  the  Museo 
Teatrale  in  the  Scala  Theatre  at  Milan,  shows 
the  successive  stages  in  the  development  of 
the  drama  throughout  the  world. 

To  perform  this  latter  function  is  the  aim 
of  the  Dramatic  Museum  of  Columbia  Uni- 
versity,—  an  institution  which  should  right- 
fully have  been  called  the  Brander  Matthews 
Museum,  so  entirely  is  it  the  creation  of  its 
founder.  The  Professor  of  Dramatic  Litera- 
ture at  Columbia  has  not  been  content,  how- 
ever, to  confine  his  efforts  to  those  of  the 
librarian  or  curator;  the  same  reverence  for 
professional  stage-craft  which  led  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  his  museum  as  a  laboratory  for 
his  students  having  inspired  the  publication 
of  several  series  of  papers  to  be  known  as  the 
Publications  of  the  Dramatic  Museum  of 
Columbia  University.  The  first  of  these,  re- 
cently published  by  subscription  in  an  edition 
of  three  hundred  and  thirty-three  copies,  con- 
sists of  four  neat  little  volumes  on  the  art  of 
play-making,  comprising  respectively:  "The 
New  Art  of  Making  Plays,"  by  Lope  de  Vega, 
translated  by  Professor  William  Tenney 
Brewster,  with  an  introduction  and  notes  by 
Professor  Brander  Matthews;  "The  Auto- 
biography of  a  Play,"  by  Bronson  Howard, 
with  an  introduction  by  Mr.  Augustus 
Thomas;  "The  Law  of  the  Theatre,"  by  M. 
Ferdinand  Brunetiere,  translated  by  Mr. 
Philip  M.  Hayden,  with  an  introduction  by 
Mr.  Henry  Arthur  Jones ;  and  ' '  Robert  Louis 
Stevenson  as  a  Dramatist,"  by  Sir  Arthur 
Wing  Pinero,  with  an  introduction  and  a 
bibliographical  appendix  by  Mr.  Clayton 
Hamilton.  Although  his  name  appears  here 
solely  as  author  of  the  introduction  to  one  of 
these  booklets.  Professor  Matthews  is  as  en- 


146 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  4 


tirely  the  originator  and  editor  of  these  pub- 
lications as  he  is  the  founder  and  curator  of 
a  dramatic  museum  in  the  catalogue  of  which 
he  is  not  recorded  as  functioning  in  any 
capacity  whatsoever, —  a  self-effacement  nota- 
ble in  an  age  when  the  rays  of  the  lime-light 
are  sought  even  by  college  professors. 

Turning  from  this  exceptional  modesty  to 
the  four  enlightening  volumes  Professor  Mat- 
thews has  edited,  it  may  be  said  forthwith 
that  here  is  both  solid  shot  and  canister  with 
which  to  rout  the  ardent  enthusiasts  whose 
self-imposed  task  is  to  "uplift"  the  drama. 
Indeed,  with  the  exception  of  M.  Brunetiere, 
the  authors  of  these  papers  on  play-making 
may  be  classed  as  commercial  dramatists,  who 
believe  that  the  function  of  the  theatre  is  to 
please  and  not  to  preach.  As  Mr.  Henry 
Arthur  Jones  writes  the  introduction  to  this 
single  exception  to  Professor  Matthews 's  rule 
that  papers  on  play-making  should  be  written 
by  makers  of  plays,  the  voice  of  the  practical 
man  may  be  said  to  be  raised  even  here. 
Moreover,  Mr.  Jones's  scintillant  introduction 
quite  eclipses  in  interest  M.  Brunetiere 's 
didactic  holding  of  his  pet  thesis  that  a  play 
"is  the  spectacle  of  a  will  striving  toward  a 
goal,  and  conscious  of  the  means  which  it 
employs."  In  contravention  of  this  theory, 
Mr.  William  Archer  has  insisted  that  a  play  is 
a  crisis  not  a  conflict.  But  Mr.  Jones  frames 
a  law  of  his  own.  "Drama  arises,"  he  says, 
"when  any  person  or  persons  in  a  play  are 
consciously  or  unconsciously  'up  against' 
some  antagonistic  person,  or  circumstance,  or 
fortune." 

Whether  a  drama  be  a  conflict,  a  crisis,  or 
a  case  of  "up  against  it,"  is  of  minor  impor- 
tance, the  elusive  art  of  play-making  being  to 
hold  the  interest  of  an  audience.  To  place  a 
person  or  persons  in  a  play  "up  against" 
something  that  will  get  over  the  footlights  is 
the  problem  that  confronts  the  dramatist,  and 
it  matters  little  whether  that  something  be 
defined  as  a  conflict  or  a  crisis,  provided  it  be 
novel  enough  to  excite  interest  or  human 
enough  to  inspire  sympathy.  Moreover,  the 
test  of  the  box-office  is  also  the  test  of  time, 
since  a  play  that  does  not  appeal  to  its  own  age 
sufficiently  to  gain  at  least  a  respectable  hear- 
ing will  not  live  long  enough  for  posterity  to 
become  aware  of  its  existence. 

Knowing  his  contempt  for  the  closet-drama, 
one  suspects  Professor  Matthews  of  having 
published  these  instructive  papers  on  play- 
making  in  order  to  confound  the  "high- 
brows," for  the  voice  of  the  successful  dra- 
matist inevitably  conjures  up  the  spectre  of 
'Commercialism.  Listen  to  Lope  de  Vega,  as 
.commercial  a  dramatist  as  ever  wrote : 


"  True  it  is  that  I  have  sometimes  written  in 
accordance  with  the  art  which  few  know;  but,  no 
sooner  do  I  see  coming  from  some  other  source  the 
monstrosities  full  of  painted  scenes  where  the 
crowd  congregates  and  the  women  who  canonize 
this  sad  business,  than  I  return  to  that  same  bar- 
barous habit,  and  when  I  have  to  write  a  comedy 
I  lock  in  the  precepts  with  six  keys,  I  banish  Ter- 
ence and  Plautus  from  my  study  that  they  may 
not  cry  out  at  me;  for  truth,  even  in  dumb  books, 
is  wont  to  call  aloud;  and  I  write  in  accordance 
with  that  art  which  they  devised  who  aspired  to  the 
applause  of  the  crowd;  for  since  the  crowd  pays 
for  the  comedies,  it  is  fitting  to  talk  foolishly  to  it 
to  satisfy  its  taste." 

The  authorship  of  some  two  thousand  or  more 
plays  is  attributed  to  this  same  Lope  de  Vega. 
yet  his  name  spells  Spanish  drama.  As  Pro- 
fessor Matthews  says,  in  his  introduction  to 
Lope 's  ' '  New  Art  of  Writing  Plays, "  "it  was 
he  who  made  the  pattern  that  Calderon  and 
all  the  rest  were  to  employ. ' '  Here  is  the  pat- 
tern drawn  by  this  master  craftsman : 

"  Do  not  spend  sententious  thoughts  and  witty 
sayings  on  family  trifles,  .  .  .  But  when  the  char- 
acter who  is  introduced  persuades,  counsels,  or  dis- 
suades, then  there  should  be  gravity  or  wit  .  .  . 
If  the  king  should  speak,  imitate  as  much  as  possi- 
ble the  gravity  of  a  king;  if  the  sage  speak, 
observe  a  sententious  modesty ;  describe  lovers  with 
those  passions  which  greatly  move  whoever  listens 
to  them  .  .  .  Let  him  [the  playwright]  be  on  his 
guard  against  impossible  things,  for  it  is  of  the 
chiefest  importance  that  only  the  likeness  of  truth 
should  be  represented  .  .  . 

"  In  the  first  act  set  forth  the  case.  In  the  sec- 
ond weave  together  the  events,  in  such  wise  that 
until  the  middle  of  the  third  act  one  may  hardly 
guess  the  outcome.  Always  trick  expectancy;  and 
hence  it  may  come  to  pass  that  something  quite  far 
from  what  is  promised  may  be  left  to  the  under- 
standing." 

To  study  further  the  laws  of  dramatic  con- 
struction, except  in  practice,  is  largely  futile ; 
since,  in  the  words  of  the  late  Bronson  How- 
ard, "when  all  the  mysteries  of  humanity 
have  been  solved,  the  laws  of  dramatic  con- 
struction can  be  codified  and  clearly  ex- 
plained; not  until  then."  Yet  this  lamented 
American  has  himself  framed  a  vital  law  of 
construction  in  his  edifying  "Autobiography 
of  a  Play."  "A  dramatist,"  he  holds, 
"should  deal  so  far  as  possible  with  subjects 
of  universal  interest,  instead  of  with  such  as 
appeal  strongly  to  a  part  of  the  public." 
Realizing,  as  have  all  successful  dramatists, 
that  a  stage  appeal  must  not  be  made  to 
"hearts  here  and  there,"  but  to  "a  thousand 
hearts  at  once, ' '  he  reaches  the  logical  conclu- 
sion that ' '  love  of  the  sexes  is  most  interesting 
to  that  aggregation  of  human  hearts  we  call 
the  audience." 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


147 


To  Lope  de  Vega's  epitome  of  the  art  of 
play-making  and  Bronson  Howard's  sane  rule 
of  selection  should  be  added  Sir  Arthur  Wing 
Pinero's  definition  of  strategy  as  "the  general 
laying  out  of  a  play,"  and  tactics  as  "the  art 
of  getting  the  characters  on  and  off  the  stage, 
of  conveying  information  to  the  audience  and 
so  forth."  To  complete  this  vade-mecum  for 
the  playwright,  it  is  necessary  to  turn  to  La 
Critique  de  I'ficole  des  Femmes,  a  dramatic 
polemic  written  by  Moliere  to  confound  the 
"high-brows"  of  his  day.  In  scorn  of  their 
"rules  made  only  to  embarrass  the  ignorant 
and  deafen  the  rest  of  us,"  Moliere  thus 
frames  the  one  universal  law,  not  only  of  the 
drama,  but  of  every  art : 

"  I  should  like  to  know  whether  the  great  rule 
of  all  rules  is  not  to  please,  and  if  a  play  which  has 
attained  that  end  has  not  travelled  a  good  road? 
Can  the  entire  public  be  mistaken,  and  is  not 
each  one  capable  of  judging  of  the  pleasure  he 
receives  ?  " 

The  drama  is  the  most  democratic  as  well  as 
the  most  contemporary  of  the  arts ;  its  appeal 
being  made  not  to  people  of  the  future  but  to 
those  of  the  present,  not  to  one  class  but  to  all. 
If  a  play  pleases  the  public  of  its  own  time, 
has  it  not,  as  Moliere  says,  travelled  a  good 
road  ?  Moreover,  can  the  entire  public  be  mis- 
taken? This  question  is  answered  by  Sir 
Arthur  Wing  Pinero  in  his  paper  on  ' '  Robert 
Louis  Stevenson  as  a  Dramatist."  "The  in- 
stinct," he  says,  "by  which  the  public  feels 
that  one  form  of  drama,  and  not  another,  is 
what  best  satisfies  its  intellectual  and  spiritual 
needs,  at  this  period  or  that,  is  a  natural  and 
justified  instinct. ' ' 

A  dramatist  may  rise  to  a  moral  plane  as 
high  as  the  ideals  of  his  public,  or  debase  his 
talents  to  the  limit  of  police  toleration;  but 
he  cannot  disregard  the  instinct  of  which  Sir 
Arthur  speaks,  without  failure  as  the  penalty. 
It  should  be  apparent,  therefore,  that  if  in  a 
particular  age  this  instinct  is  either  vicious  or 
crass,  the  public,  rather  than  the  stage,  needs 
"uplifting,"  a  'task  for  the  accomplishment 
of  which  a  cohesion  of  all  the  moral  elements 
in  the  community,  rather  than  the  ardor  of 
a  few  zealots,  is  required. 

Another  pertinent  lesson  in  stage-craft  is 
taught  by  Sir  Arthur  Wing  Pinero  in  his 
analysis  of  the  failure  as  a  dramatist  of  so 
dramatic  a  novelist  as  Robert  Louis  Stevenson. 
The  prizes  of  the  dramatist  were  to  Steven- 
son's thinking  "out  of  all  proportion  to  the 
payment  of  the  man  of  letters" ;  therefore  the 
theatre  was  "a  gold  mine,"  upon  which  to 
keep  his  commercial  eye.  However,  he  failed 
to  secure  its  ingots,  because,  as  Sir  Arthur 
says,  "he  played  at  being  a  playwright." 


The  art  of  play-making,  which  the  eminent 
dramatist  just  quoted  so  aptly  defines  as 
"compressing  life  without  falsification,"  is 
too  serious  an  art  to  play  with.  Stevenson 
approached  the  dramatic  gold  mine  believing 
he  had  only  to  scratch  the  earth  in  order  to 
disclose  the  ingots.  These,  alas!  lie  far  be- 
neath the  surface.  Only  by  infinite  patience 
and  skill  may  they  be  unearthed. 

To  the  novelists  who  share  Stevenson's  con- 
tempt for  the  drama,  as  well  as  to  the  enthu- 
siasts engaged  in  elevating  it,  the  admirable 
booklets  Professor  Brander  Matthews  has 
modestly  issued  in  the  name  of  his  pet  achieve- 
ment are  recommended  as  pertinent  reading. 
Papers  on  the  art  of  acting  by  Talma,  Coque- 
lin,  William  Gillette,  etc.,  are  to  be  added  in 
the  autumn  to  these  publications  of  the  Dra- 
matic Museum  of  Columbia  University.  That 
they  may  prove  as  illuminating  as  the  present 
group  on  play-making  should  be  the  wish  of 
all  who  have  the  welfare  of  the  drama  at  heart. 

H.  C.  CHATPIELD-TAYLOR. 


EUROPEAN  TRAVEL,  IN  THE  EIGHTEENTH 
CENTURY.* 


If  not  quite  a  pioneer  in  the  rich  field  of 
early  European  travel,  Professor  Mead  is  one 
of  the  first  to  work  systematically  therein. 
Miss  Howard's  "English  Travellers  of  the 
Renaissance,"  Mr.  Bates 's  "Touring  in 
1600,"  and  most  other  detailed  studies  have 
dealt  mainly  with  the  sixteenth  and  seven- 
teenth centuries.  Babeau's  "Les  Voyageurs 
en  France,"  though  covering  about  three  cen- 
turies, is  limited  to  one  country.  Professor 
Mead  has  therefore  limited  himself  to  the 
eighteenth  century,  with  an  occasional  glance 
backward  and  forward,  and.  in  the  nature  of 
things,  to  those  countries  (France,  Italy,  Ger- 
many, and  the  Low  Countries)  which  were 
generally  included  in  the  conventional  grand 
tour. 

Foreign  travel  for  the  avowed  purpose  of 
education  —  of  becoming  "the  complete  gen- 
tleman"—  may  be  said  to  have  begun  in 
Elizabethan  times,  and  owing  to  the  heavy 
expense  involved  was  limited  to  the  upper 
classes.  With  occasional  interruptions  due  to 
war,  the  stream  of  Continental  travel  contin- 
ued, and  in  the  eighteenth  century  travelling 
became,  relatively,  so  easy  that  large  numbers 
of  young  Englishmen  were  constantly  to  be 
found  in  the  great  centres  of  the  countries 
chiefly  visited.  So  numerous,  indeed,  did  they 
become  that  it  was  not  easy  for  a  Briton  to 

*  THE  GRAND  TOUR  IN  THE  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY.  By 
William  Edward  Mead.  Illustrated.  Boston:  Houghton  Mif- 
flin  Co. 


148 


THE    DIAL 


March  4 


get  away  from  his  countrymen  for  the  pur- 
pose of  acquiring  the  language.  This,  however, 
did  not  seriously  trouble  many  Englishmen, 
who  cared  little  about  learning  foreign  lan- 
guages. The  indifference  of  Englishmen  to 
the  Continental  vernaculars  has  always  been 
marked. 

It  was  of  course  a  far  different  Europe  that 
the  eighteenth  century  tourist  saw  from  that 
of  to-day.  It  was  the  Europe  of  pre-Revolu- 
tionary  days,  before  the  social  order  had  been 
transformed.  France  had  not  yet  got  away 
from  the  fatal  centralizing  policy  of  Louis 
XIV.  Spain  was  "in  full  decadence."  Italy 
was  at  the  lowest  ebb  of  her  decline ;  ' '  no  man 
could  take  pride  in  the  name  of  Italian." 
Germany  was  slowly  recovering  from  the 
Thirty  Years'  "War,  and  was  "inert  and  un- 
progressive,  feudal  in  spirit  and  practice,  and 
everywhere  divided  against  itself. ' '  The  Low 
Countries  alone  were  on  the  whole  free  and 
prosperous;  except  Belgium,  whose  commer- 
cial expansion  was  blocked  by  Holland  and 
England. 

The  impression  left  by  Professor  Mead's 
chapters  on  Water  Travel,  Roads,  Carriages, 
and  Inns  is  that  tourists  were  courageous  to 
travel  at  all.  The  railways  have  completely 
revolutionized  travel;  by  making  it  easy  to 
get  over  the  country  they  have  vastly  in- 
creased the  number  of  travellers,  and  thus 
have  forced  an  improvement  in  accommoda- 
tions and  —  at  least  a  partial  —  change  of 
heart  on  the  part  of  innkeepers,  who  now  real- 
ize how  essential  it  is  to  make  travellers 
comfortable.  Before  the  advent  of  steam,  how- 
ever, travel  both  by  land  and  by  water  was 
"no  unmixed  delight."  In  1787  Arthur 
Young  spent  fourteen  hours  between  Dover 
and  Calais.  On  the  Continent  travel  by 
water  was  much  more  common  than  now.  One 
could  go  from  Paris  to  Lyons  by  water  (ten 
days,  thirty-five  livres,  or  about  $6.75)  ;  the 
water  journey  from  Lyons  to  Avignon  alone 
required  three  days.  To  avoid  the  Alps,  many 
preferred  the  Mediterranean  trip  from  Mar- 
seilles or  Nice  to  Genoa,  even  with  its  possi- 
bility of  sea-sickness  and  its  danger  of  capture 
by  the  dreaded  Barbary  pirates.  In  Ger- 
many the  Rhine,  the  Elbe,  and  the  Danube 
were  utilized  as  far  as  possible,  and  in  the 
Low  Countries  water  travel  was  well  organ- 
ized. James  Edward  Smith  says  that  the  con- 
venience and  pleasure  of  travel  in  Holland 
and  Flanders  "can  hardly  be  conceived  from 
description." 

Land  travel  was  scarcely  less  difficult  than 
in  former  times,  and  was  vastly  more  tedious 
than  now.  French  roads  were  better  than 
Italian.  Naples  had  practically  no  roads  at 


all  except  that  which  led  to  Rome,  and  this 
was  in  winter  so  bad  that  "one  ran  great  risk 
of  being  swallowed  up  in  the  mud-holes." 
German  roads  were  notoriously  bad ;  improve- 
ments did  not  begin  till  1753.  In  Nugent 's 
time  (about  1756)  post  wagons  made  about 
eighteen  miles  a  day.  'In  Hanover,  as  late  as 
1826,  John  Russell  reports,  scarcely  outside 
the  gates  the  wheels  of  the  coach  sank  up  to 
the  axle-tree. 

Unless  one  could  afford  one's  own  vehicle, 
one  travelled  in  the  diligence  —  a  vehicle 
which  grew  in  massiveness  until  those  used  by 
Fenimore  Cooper  were  "  as  large  as  an  ordi- 
nary load  of  hay,  carried  twenty  or  thirty 
passengers,  and  weighed  five  tons."  Many 
preferred  the  post-chaise,  which  was  more 
expensive.  From  Calais  to  Paris  (thirty- two 
posts)  a  single  post  fare  in  1756  cost  about 
$21.75 ;  two  could  do  it  for  $31.50.  Private 
coaches  were  very  expensive.  In  Italy  one 
could  travel  "with  post-horses;  with  a  vet- 
tura  or  hired  coach  or  calash  in  which  they 
do  not  change  horses;  and,  finally,  with  a 
procaccio  or  stage-coach  that  undertakes  to 
furnish  passengers  and  necessary  accommoda- 
tions on  the  road."  The  German  post  wagon 
was  much  more  clumsy  and  unwieldy  than  the 
French,  and  went  only  about  three  miles  an 
hour. 

The  inns  left  much  to  be  desired,  and  their 
wretched  condition  compelled  travellers  to 
take  much  more  luggage  (both  linen  and  pro- 
visions) than  is  necessary  to-day.  Beds  were 
likely  to  be  damp  and  dirty ;  there  were  only 
the  most  primitive  sanitary  arrangements.  In 
Italy  and  Germany  especially  the  food,  except 
in  the  large  towns,  was  often  poor  or  ill 
cooked;  and  as  Smollett  remarks,  a  common 
prisoner  in  the  Marshalsea  or  King's-Bench 
was  more  cleanly  and  commodiously  lodged 
than  travellers  were  in  many  places  between 
Rome  and  Florence. 

Yet  in  spite  of  these  drawbacks,  the  attrac- 
tions of  travel  proved  too  strong  to  be  re- 
sisted. In  the ' '  Letters  Concerning  the  Present 
State  of  England"  (1772)  it  is  said  that 
"where  one  Englishman  travelled  in  the 
reigns  of  the  first  two  Georges,  ten  now  go  on 
a  grand  tour."  The  number  who  travelled 
chiefly  for  the  purpose  of  improving  their 
minds  and  gaining}  intelligence,  however, 
does  not  seem  to  have  been  relatively  very 
great.  Few  were  well  prepared  to  reap  the 
maximum  advantage  from  foreign  travel. 
At  the  university  a  man  "could  not  avoid 
picking  up  the  rudiments  of  Latin  and  Greek 
and  some  bits  of  information  about  ancient 
Rome  and  a  few  other  cities,  but  of  the  topog- 
raphy, the  history,  the  government,  the  art, 


1915J 


THE    DIAL, 


149 


the  architecture,  the  social  conditions  of  the 
countries  he  intended  to  visit,  he  was  .  . 
often  disgracefully  ignorant."  Many  still 
favored  the  plan  of  sending  boys  abroad  in 
care  of  a  tutor ;  but  the  number  of  competent 
tutors  was  small  indeed. 

Attempting  some  generalizations,  Profes- 
sor Mead  thinks  that  the  average  English 
tourist  was  incompetent  to  form  a  judgment 
of  the  people  of  the  Continent.  ' '  Perhaps  the 
most  striking  characteristic  of  the  ordinary 
run  of  English  travellers  was  their  insularity 
and  their  unreadiness  to  admit  the  excel- 
lence of  anything  that  was  unfamiliar."  Yet 
Englishmen  who  chose  to  be  popular  on  the 
Continent  were  often  remarkably  so.  They 
"had  a  reputation  for  fair  dealing,  and  for 
keeping  their  promises." 

Likewise  Englishmen  were  unable  to  esti- 
mate fairly  the  art  and  architecture  of  the 
Middle  Ages.  "To  many  an  Englishman 
Italy  was  interesting  chiefly  as  a  vast  museum 
of  antiquity  which  enabled  him  to  vivify  his 
recollections  of  the  classics."  Addison  at 
once  occurs  to  those  familiar  with  his  travels, 
as  of  this  class.  On  such  men  the  glories  of 
mediaeval  Gothic  made  no  impression. 

The  change  of  attitude  which  took  place 
toward  mountain  scenery  in  the  eighteenth 
century  has  been  often  commented  upon.  St. 
John's  view,  as  late  as  1787,  is  typical  of 
many: 

"  Far  off  lay  the  mountains  of  Switzerland, 
forming  a  most  awful  and  tremendous  amphithea- 
tre. When  first  I  turned  my  glass  upon  them,  if  I 
may  so  express  myself,  and  brought  their  terrors 
closer  to  my  eye,  I  started  with  affright !  .  .  .  Per- 
haps on  approaching,  and  having  them  continually 
in  view,  they  would  not  appear  so  dreadful  as  at 
first;  but  even  yet  at  so  great  a  distance,  I  could 
not  behold  them  through  a  glass  without  terror." 
Gray  was  one  of  the  first  to  admire  mountain 
scenery,  and  there  seem  not  to  have  been 
many  who  followed  him,  at  least  for  a  long 
time.  The  failure  to  appreciate  the  Alps,  the 
Pyrenees,  and  -the  Apennines  was  probably 
due  to  two  things:  first,  men's  preoccupa- 
tion with  "the  proper  study  of  mankind"; 
and  secondly,  the  difficulties  experienced  in 
traversing  these  barren  and  forbidding  re- 
gions. As  these  difficulties  gradually  dimin- 
ished, Gray's  delight  in  the  sublimity  of 
mountain  scenery  found  an  echo  in  many 
hearts.  William  Coxe  wrote  to  his  friend 
William  Melmoth  in  August,  1776 : 

"  I  have  now  visited  the  sources  of  three  great 
rivers  in  Switzerland,  and  traced  their  impetuous 
progress  through  a  tract  of  country,  in  which 
nature  has  exhibited  the  grandest  and  most  august 
of  her  works.  But  it  is  impossible  adequately  to 
describe  these  majestic  and  astonishing  scenes !  In 


description  they  must  all  appear  nearly  the  same; 
yet,  in  fact,  every  river,  cataract,  rock,  mountain, 
precipice,  are  respectively  distinguished  by  an  infi- 
nite diversity  of  modifications,  and  by  all  the  possi- 
ble forms  of  beauty,  magnificence,  sublimity,  or 
horror.  But  these  discriminating  variations,  though 
too  visibly  marked  to  escape  even  the  least  observ- 
ing eye,  elude  representation,  and  defy  the  strong- 
est powers  of  the  pen  and  pencil." 

Yet  with  all  his  obtuseness  and  his  inability 
to  make  the  most  out  of  his  opportunities,  the 
Englishman  must  have  got  more  out  of  his 
travels  than  we  generally  give  him  credit  for. 
We  are  accustomed,  following  Matthew  Ar- 
nold and  some  others,  to  think  of  John  Bull 
as  a  singularly  obstinate  and  conservative 
person.  Yet  we  shall  have  to  admit  that  in 
Britain  new  ideas  have  made  steady  if  slow 
progress.  The  most  flexible  of  British  minds 
—  Shakespeare,  Burke,  Arnold  himself  — 
have  been  leaders  of  many.  The  success  of 
British  colonial  policy  in  these  latter  days 
shows  that  Burke 's  view  has  at  length  pre- 
vailed; and  we  cannot  help  thinking  that 
something  of  this  change  of  attitude  is  due  to 
the  observing  British  travellers  who  have 
penetrated  to  the  ends  of  the  earth.  And  if 
for  a  few  years  following  the  present  war  the 
English  and  the  Germans  could  frankly  ex- 
plore each  other's  country  (forgetting  all 
about  spies),  it  is  safe  to  say  that  there  would 
never  be  a  repetition  of  the  crime  that  is  now 
being  perpetrated  on  the  innocent  bystanders 
of  Europe. 

Professor  Mead  has  succeeded  in  producing 
a  volume  which  is  both  entertaining  and  of 
high  scholarly  value.  Typographically  the 
book  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired;  and  the 
eleven  illustrations  have  been  well  chosen. 
We  dislike  to  have  all  the  notes  relegated  to 
the  back;  nothing  of  importance  is  gained, 
and  hunting  for  the  notes  where  they  are 
wastes  too  much  time.  There  is  an  adequate 
bibliographical  note  (supplementing  Pinker- 
ton)  ,  and  a  good  index. 

CLARK  S.  NORTHUP. 


CHARACTER-READING  THROUGH  THE 
FEATURES.* 


Since  Aristotle's  day,  at  least,  men  have 
diligently  searched  for  a  key  with  which  to  let 
themselves  into  the  inner  life  of  their  fellows ; 
and  no  subject  of  study  seems  to  have  been  so 
fascinating  and  at  the  same  time  so  elusive  as 
this  one.  The  ancients  sought  to  solve  the 
great  mystery  by  comparing  the  features  of 
man  with  those  of  animals,'  on  the  principle 
that  likeness  in  features  denoted  similarity  in 

*  CHARACTER  READING  THROUGH  ANALYSIS  OF  THE  FEATURES. 
By  Gerald  Elton  Fosbrooke.  Illustrated  by  Carl  Bohnen. 
New  York:  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 


150 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  4 


intellectual  and  temperamental  traits.  They 
assumed,  for  instance,  that  a  man  with  a 
leonine  brow  must  have  a  lion's  characteris- 
tics, while  a  man  with  a  canine  brow  must 
have  the  traits  of  a  dog.  This  mode  of  ap- 
proach to  the  secrets  of  character  has  been  the 
favorite  one,  though  not  the  only  one,  all  the 
way  down  to  our  own  day.  Mr.  Fosbrooke's 
"Character  Reading  through  Analysis  of  the 
Features"  is  based  in  part  on  this  conception, 
and  in  part  on  the  doctrine  that  a  particular 
formation  of  features  denotes  a  special  sort  of 
intellect  and  type  of  character.  But  the  au- 
thor does  not  depend  entirely  on  analysis  of 
the  features  in  a  strictly  anatomical  sense.  At 
times  he  bases  his  "reading"  on  the  expres- 
sion of  the  features,  rather  than  on  their  form, 
size,  and  relation.  The  frontispiece  is  a  pic- 
ture of  a  woman,  and  bears  the  title,  ' '  Con- 
centration." It  is  evident  that  the  author 
intended  the  reader  to  get  the  idea  of  concen- 
tration from  the  expression  of  the  woman's 
face, —  the  lines  of  strain  in  the  brow  and 
about  the  eye, —  and  from  the  attitude  of  her 
body ;  and  not  from  the  size  and  shape  of  her 
nose,  ears,  or  chin,  the  color  of  her  eyes  and 
hair,  the  construction  of  her  lips,  or  any  other 
anatomical  characteristic. 

The  sketches  for  the  various  types  of  each 
feature  are  unusually  good.  The  impression 
which  a  hasty  turning  of  the  leaves  makes 
upon  one  is  that  there  will  be  some  interesting 
secrets  revealed  in  this  book,  and  that  stu- 
dents of  human  nature  will  get  suggestions 
from  it  which  they  can  utilize  in  classifying 
people.  But  the  critical  reader  will  be  disap- 
pointed when  he  comes  upon  Plate  I.,  for  this 
is  a  reproduction  of  the  conventional  phreno- 
logical chart  in  which  all  the  varied  faculties 
of  the  soul  are  localized  in  the  left  hemisphere 
of  the  brain.  What  the  right  hemisphere  is 
used  for  is  a  mystery  about  as  profound  as 
the  other  mysteries  discussed  in  the  book. 
A  dozen  or  so  of  the  faculties,  such  as  "lan- 
guage," "form,"  "size,"  "weight,"  "color," 
"order,"  and  "calculation,"  are  located  over 
the  left  frontal  sinus  and  below  the  left  eye. 
The  author  says  that  the  "bump"  theory  in 
character-reading  was  exploded  years  ago; 
and  yet  he  endorses  this  phrenological  chart, 
and  relies  upon  it  in  his  analysis  of  concrete 
cases  in  the  latter  part  of  the  book.  It  seems 
extraordinary  that  in  the  light  of  modern 
research  on  the  brain  anyone  should  locate 
"ideality,"  "sublimity,"  "hope,"  " spiritu- 
ality," "veneration,"  and  "conscientious- 
ness" in  the  upper  middle  region  of  the  left 
hemisphere.  It  has  been  shown  literally  hun- 
dreds of  times  that  this  is  the  general  motor 
region  which  regulates  the  movements  of  the 


dextral  half  of  the  body.  If  one  should  be 
injured  in  the  left  hemisphere  where  the 
chart  localizes  ' '  spirituality, ' '  he  would  be 
paralyzed  in  the  right  leg.  He  probably 
would  not  have  any  more  or  any  less  spiritu- 
ality than  he  had  before.  If  one  should  ex- 
pose this  area  and  stimulate  it,  the  right  leg 
of  the  subject  would  respond;  but  there 
would  be  no  spiritual  demonstration  whatever. 
But  the  most  amazing  feature  of  this  phreno- 
logical chart  is  the  location  of  the  language 
faculty  underneath  the  left  eye.  Modern 
research  has  shown  that  the  vocal  language 
centre  is  in  the  middle  motor  region  of  the 
left  hemisphere.  The  visual  language  centre 
is  in  the  occipital  lobe.  The  graphic  language 
centre  is  differentiated  out  of  the  general 
right-hand  centre  in  the  left  hemisphere,  and 
the  auditory  language  centre  is  in  the  audi- 
tory region  of  the  brain.  How  anyone  in 
these  times  can  continue  to  befuddle  the  lay- 
man by  pretending  to  read  linguistic  ability 
from  an  examination  of  the  topography  of  the 
region  below  the  left  eye  is  inconceivable. 

There  are  many  conflicting  statements  in 
the  book, —  although  no  more  than  in  any 
book  which  attempts  to  delineate  character  on 
a  physiognomical  basis.  One  may  read  that  a 
certain  face  shows  in  the  forehead  "reflective 
and  perceptive  formation,  ability  to  reason 
from  cause  to  effect,  good  comparative  powers, 
natural  knowledge  of  human  nature,  construc- 
tive and  executive  ability,  reverence,  firmness, 
and  a  love  of  approbation,  a  desire  to  learn, 
power  of  judgment  as  to  size  and  weight, 
mental  order  well  developed  resulting  in  a 
good  memory.  Eyebrows  show  indications  of 
irritability,  the  eye  shows  observation,  pene- 
tration, and  intellect.  Upper  eyelids  show 
selfishness,  self  will,  and  self  satisfaction. ' ' 

What  little  progress  psychology  has  made 
in  trying  to  differentiate  the  characteristics 
and  powers  of  individuals  has  led  to  the  view 
that  the  strongly  reflective  type  of  person,  one 
who  has  marked  ability  in  reasoning  from 
cause  to  effect,  is  likely  to  be  lacking  in  execu- 
tive ability.  Again,  the  psychologist  has  been 
able  to  show  that  there  are  as  many  kinds  of 
memory  as  there  are  kinds  of  perceptions  and 
ideas,  and  to  say  that  the  forehead  shows  that 
one  has  a  good  memory  is  indeed  humorous. 
Often  in  this  book  one  reads  that  the  forehead 
shows  lack  of  concentration,  while  the  nose 
shows  just  the  opposite,  the  lips  something 
else,  and  the  chin  still  something  different. 
What  kind  of  a  theory  of  mind  can  a  person 
have  who  believes  that  mental  characteristics 
are  revealed  in  anatomical  traits,  when  differ- 
ent traits  suggest  diametrically  opposite 
abilities  * 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


151 


If  those  who  are  engaged  in  an  attempt  to 
develop  a  science  of  character-reading  would 
take  their  cue  from  Darwin,  they  might  in 
time  give  us  something  which  would  be  of 
service ;  but  when  they  base  their  ' '  readings ' ' 
upon  phrenology  and  physiognomy,  they  are 
certain  to  lead  their  followers  into  blind 
alleys.  Darwin  showed  that  the  fundamental 
emotions  are  revealed  in  characteristic  muscu- 
lar movements  and  adaptations  of  the  body  as 
a  whole,  and  of  the  more  mobile  parts  of  the 
face,  hands,  etc.  These  muscular  activities 
were  once  of  service  in  the  struggle  for  exist- 
ence, and  they  have  persisted  even  down 
through  human  life  in  more  or  less  modified 
and  complicated  forms.  Darwin  also  showed 
that  certain  of  the  very  general  intellectual 
traits,  such  as  attentiveness  and  concentra- 
tion, are  revealed  in  specific  muscular  adapta- 
tions; and  the  frontispiece  in  Mr.  Fosbrooke's 
volume  illustrates  this  very  well.  But  no  man 
has  ever  shown  any  connection  whatever  be- 
tween the  expression  of  the  eyes,  the  lips,  etc., 
and  particular  types  of  thinking,  as  in  phys- 
ics, chemistry,  psychology,  philosophy,  his- 
tory, etc.  And  still  there  are  many  persons 
who  imagine  that  every  intellectual  activity  is 
revealed  in  some  kind  of  characteristic  tension 
or  adaptation  of  some  or  all  of  the  features. 

A  large  proportion  of  American  people 
have  apparently  not  yet  grown  out  of  their 
superstitious  feeling  about  the  reading  of 
character.  They  still  think  that  someone  has 
discovered  the  connection  between  every 
"attribute  of  the  soul"  and  the  construction 
and  expression  of  the  features.  Superstitious 
people  of  this  sort  read  the  analyses  of  fea- 
tures such  as  appear  in  books  like  the  one 
under  review,  in  which  a  great  multitude  of 
the  most  general  activities,  abilities,  and 
attributes  are  enumerated ;  and  they  will  feel 
that  they  are  in  the  presence  of  a  great  revela- 
tion of  subtle  truth,  when  they  are  really  only 
being  plunged  deeper  and  deeper  into  confu- 
sion. The  author  is  probably  not  under  as 
great  an  illusion  as  his  readers  will  be,  for  in 
his  chapters  on  "How  to  Read  Faces"  and 
"The  Knowledge  of  Physiognomy  and  Its 
Uses"  he  does  not  make  a  definite  statement 
applying  his  own  principles,  though  he  does 
this  for  the  concrete  types  presented  in  the 
last  chapters  of  the  book.  But  how  can  any- 
one test  the  accuracy  of  his  analyses  when 
they  concern  only  imaginary  persons  designed 
by  the  artist? 

It  may  be  added  that  the  artist  has  done 
his  work  admirably,  and  that  the  book  is  at- 
tractively made  on  the  physical  side. 

M.    V.    O'SHEA. 


A  SKETCH  OF  THE  ENGLISH  DRAMA.* 


Professor  Schelling  is  so  well  known  as  an 
authority  on  Elizabethan  drama  that  one  ap- 
proaches his  treatment  of  that  field  with 
assurance,  knowing  that  even  if  it  were  noth- 
ing more  than  a  condensation  of  his  large 
work  on  the  subject  it  would  be  well  worth 
while.  The  chief  question  concerns  his  treat- 
ment of  the  later  periods,  in  which  the  whole 
subject  of  English  drama  is  so  much  less  at- 
tractive, and  has  been  so  much  less  put  in 
order  by  scholarship,  than  in  its  greatest  age. 
Here,  also,  it  may  be  said  at  once,  there  is 
little  but  praise  called  forth  either  by  Profes- 
sor Schelling 's  judgments  in  themselves  or  by 
his  frank  but  urbane  manner  of  pronouncing 
them.  In  respect  to  the  matter  of  proportion, 
however,  some  greater  doubt  may  be  felt.  Ad- 
mitting the  immensely  preponderant  interest 
of  the  Elizabethan  and  Jacobean  periods,  the 
dreariness  of  English  drama  in  the  neo- 
classical age,  and  the  still  tender  youth  of  the 
fresh  growth  of  the  form  in  our  own  time,  yet 
to  give  substantially  two  hundred  pages  out 
of  330  to  the  matter  from  Lyly  to  Davenant, 
and  but  forty  to  the  entire  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, with  some  sixteen  for  the  nineteenth,  is 
open  to  question.  The  really  large  product 
of  the  eighteenth  century  in  serious  literary 
drama,  while  of  course  of  no  corresponding 
intrinsic  excellence,  leads  the  student  to  de- 
sire some  careful  consideration  of  it,  if  for  no 
other  reason  than  to  explain  its  limitations. 

The  great  value  of  the  important  portion  of 
the  book,  that  dealing  with  what  may  be  called 
Professor  Schelling 's  own  period,  is  the  topi- 
cal analysis  of  the  rich  material  it  affords, 
according  to  which  the  several  types,  such  as 
romantic  comedy,  the  "drama  of  everyday 
life,"  and  the  like,  are  separately  accounted 
for  with  brevity  and  sureness.  This  is  the 
method  of  the  author's  large  work,  "Eliza- 
bethan Drama,"  and  in  that  instance  it  has 
sometimes  been  found  troublesome  because  of 
the  effect  in  separating  rather  widely  matters 
chronologically  akin;  but  in  a  book  of  the 
present  compass  there  can  be  little  question 
of  its  usefulness.  And  the  writer  has  not 
permitted  himself,  even  where  so  great  con- 
densation was  demanded,  to  make  his  chapters 
mere  lists  and  summaries,  without  distinction 
and  individuality  of  style.  On  the  contrary 
his  agreeable  personality  is  almost  always 
present.  Witness  such  an  obiter  dictum  as 
this: 

"  In  our  own  time  the  example  of  Everyman  has 
begotten  a  progeny  of  contemporary  plays,  and 
created,  even  on  the  popular  stage  of  England  and 

*  ENGLISH  DRAMA.  By  Felix  E.  Schelling.  "  Channels  of 
English  Literature."  New  York:  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 


152 


THE    DIAL 


March  4 


America,  a  wholesome  diversion  from  the  dismal 
problems  and  trivial  improbabilities  that  for  the 
most  part  rule  there." 

Or  this  : 

"  The  pathos  of  Shylock  is  totally  of  19th  cen- 
tury manufacture,  and  as  absurd  as  it  is  gratuitous. 
It  is  referable,  like  our  modern  shudder  at  the 
robust  punishment  meted  out  to  the  Jew,  to  our 
emasculated  contemporary  sentimentality  that  hab- 
itually meddles  with  clumsy  hand  to  interpose 
between  human  acts  of  folly  and  criminality  and 
their  logical  consequences." 
Another  fine  passage  is  on  the  relation  be- 
tween Ford  and  that  modern  romanticism 
whose  faith  is  "in  the  divine  guidance  of 
passion ' ' ;  but  there  is  the  less  need  to  quote 
this  because  it  is  found  in  substantially  the 
same  form  in  the  earlier  and  larger  work. 

Readers  familiar  with  Professor  Schelling's 
criticism  will  be  prepared  to  guard  themselves 
—  unless  they  be  of  the  same  school  —  against 
his  disposition  to  teach  that  Shakespeare 
could  do  no  wrong.  This  is  evidently  not  due 
to  mere  traditionalism,  but  to  a  truly  devout 
and  —  one  must  admit  —  an  intelligent  faith 
in  the  methods  of  the  great  master 's  art.  Yet 
it  sometimes  leads  to  results  dubious  at  best. 
If  Professor  Schelling,  for  instance,  finds  the 
conclusion  of  "Measure  for  Measure"  ethi- 
cally satisfying  (see  page  100),  he  differs  not 
only  from  Coleridge,  who  called  it  "a  hate- 
ful work,"  but  surely  from  very  many  of  us. 
In  ' '  Othello ' '  he  seems  to  find  a  certain  poetic 
justice  of  the  old-fashioned  sort  (page  133), 
which  again  is  at  least  questionable.  And 
once  more  he  refuses  assent  (page  186)  to  that 
view  of  Shakespeare's  latest  plays  which 
recognizes  a  certain  falling  off  in  dramatic 
power,  though  this  may  now  fairly  be  called 
the  orthodox  view,  and  to  the  present  writer 
seems  indisputable. 

The  bibliographical  material  in  this  volume 
is  by  no  means  so  rich  as  in  the  author's  sim- 
ilar volume  on  the  Lyric,  in  the  corresponding 
American  series;  but  this  is  due  to  no  fault 
of  his,  but  to  the  plan  of  the  general  editors. 
Despite  this,  he  has  managed  to  include,  in  a 
number  of  valuable  footnotes,  apparatus  sure 
to  be  very  useful  to  the  serious  reader.  The 
index  is  of  the  wholly  mechanical  and  almost 
wholly  useless  sort ;  but  this  again  is  obviously 
the  fault  of  the  publishers.  Nor  is  the  proof- 
reading impeccable,  though  better  than  in 
Mr.  Rhys's  volume  in  the  same  series.  Par- 
ticularly distressing  is  the  punctuation, 
whether  due  to  unusual  theories  on  the  part 
of  author  or  printer  one  cannot  say. 

When  all  is  said  of  such  details  as  these, 
whereon  we  critics  thrive,  this  book  remains  a 
really  notable  achievement  in  the  packing  into 
small  compass,  by  methods  at  once  scholarly 


and  humane,  of  much  riches.  Few  living  men 
—  doubtless  no  one  else  in  America  —  could 
have  done  this  special  task  so  well.  And  it 
may  be  observed  that  while  certain  of  these 
type-subjects  —  the  lyric  for  instance, —  are 
rather  ill  adapted  to  consecutive  historical 
treatment,  in  the  manner  of  the  present  series, 
the  drama  is  of  just  the  opposite  character. 
It  thrives  in  some  sense  as  an  organism, 
rather  than  in  isolated  individuals.  The 
study  of  causes,  effects,  and  quasi-biological 
relations,  is  nowhere  more  significant.  It 
would  be  well  if  we  could  have,  one  day,  a 
new  edition  of  this  volume,  including  a  study 
of  the  recent  development  of  English  drama 
made  with  the  same  care  which  has  been  be- 
stowed on  the  golden  age  of  its  youth. 

RAYMOND  M.  ALDEN. 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 


Lincoln  the          Believing  that  ' '  we  have  had  no 
apostle  of  life   written   of   Abraham   Lin- 

democracy.  -,  ,-,  «.  ,  ••  , , 

coin  worthy  of  that  great  man, 
Miss  Rose  Strunsky  courageously  essays  the 
task  of  worthily  picturing  to  us  the  veritable 
Lincoln,  the  man  of  the  people,  "the  apostle 
of  true  democracy,"  and  of  placing  in  a  new 
and  true  historical  perspective  both  the  man 
and  his  time.  "While  it  is  beyond  dispute  that 
Lincoln  is  so  great  a  man,  so  noble  a  figure  in 
history,  and  from  manifold  points  of  view  so 
attractive  a  personality,  that  we  can  hardly 
have  too  many  faithful  and  well-written  ac- 
counts of  his  life,  it  is  also  not  to  be  denied 
that  already  more  than  one  able  pen  has 
traced  without  serious  distortion  the  features 
of  this  perennially  interesting  man  and  shown 
with  some  clearness  his  abiding  significance  in 
our  national  history.  Although  Miss  Strun- 
sky declares  that  "the  truth  is  we  have  not 
been  taught  how  to  tell  of  his  life,"  many  of 
us  were  of  the  impression  that  no  ignoble 
attempt  to  achieve  that  end  was  to  be  found 
in  the  ten  volumes  of  Nicolay  and  Hay 's  great 
work,  as  well  as  in  such  less  elaborate  under- 
takings as  Miss  Tarbell's  careful  book,  Mr. 
William  E.  Curtis 's  account  of  "The  True 
Abraham  Lincoln,"  and,  by  no  means  least  of 
all,  the  late  Francis  Fisher  Browne's  capti- 
vating volume,  "The  Every-Day  Life  of 
Abraham  Lincoln."  What  Miss  Strunsky 
would  lay  emphasis  on,  however  —  and  it  is 
an  aspect  of  the  subject  not  to  be  overlooked 
—  is  the  moulding  influence  of  his  environ- 
ment and  his  time  in  the  production  of  the 
leader  demanded  at  that  particular  period 
and  in  those  peculiar  circumstances.  "We 
cannot  tell  his  life  by  speaking  of  his  life 
alone,"  she  truly  says.  "We  were  looking  for 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


153 


our  old-time  hero  of  the  sagas,  and  here  came 
along  one  who  made  the  people  hero,"  she 
further  tells  us,  and  again:  "We  speak  of 
one  who  was  no  more  or  less  than  the  execu- 
tive and  administrator  of  the  will  of  the  peo- 
ple. Whatever  were  the  ideals  and  desires  and 
faults  of  the  common  people  of  his  day  were 
the  ideals  and  desires  and  faults  of  Abraham 
Lincoln."  This  is  paring  down  his  native 
genius  and  force,  his  distinct  individuality, 
rather  unduly,  and  is  making  of  Lincoln  an 
opportunist  and  a  time-server  instead  of  a 
leader  and  the  champion  of  a  cause.  The 
writer  makes  not  slavery  but  "property  in 
land"  the  real  cause  of  the  Civil  War.  Yet 
the  southern  plantation  system  would  have 
been  impossible  without  slavery,  and  thus  the 
latter  must  still  bear  the  responsibility  com- 
monly ascribed  to  it.  Speaking  of  what  the 
present-day  American  is  striving  for,  the  au- 
thor closes  her  book  with  this  reading  of  the 
signs  of  the  times:  "Behind  the  aegis  of 
Lincoln  he  is  advancing  towards  the  new  order 
of  social  control  —  small  capitalistic  and 
closely-knit  together."  Is  it  so  certain  that 
the  day  of  large  industrial  and  financial 
operations  is  near  its  sunset?  The  book,  in- 
telligently planned,  agreeably  written,  and 
provided  with  half  a  dozen  appropriate  illus- 
trations, is  a  welcome  though  hardly  an 
epoch-making  addition  to  the  literature  of  its 
inexhaustibly  fertile  theme.  (Macmillan.) 


Humors  of  peculiarities  of  the  Scottish 

the  Scottish  character  show  themselves  no- 
where more  unmistakably  than 
in  the  clash  of  wits  that  takes  place  in  a  Scot- 
tish court  of  law.  Hence  the  fund  of  amusing 
anecdote  and  character-sketch  that  such  a 
book  as  "Some  Old  Scots  Judges"  (Button), 
by  Mr.  W.  Forbes  Gray,  is  likely  to  contain. 
It  is  not  a  work  of  laborious  biographical  re- 
search, but  rather  an  entertaining  compilation 
from  such  sources  as  Cockburn's  "Memorials 
of  his  Time,"  Ramsay's  "Scotland  and  Scots- 
men," Kay's  "Edinburgh  Portraits,"  and 
Knight's  "Monboddo  and  his  Contempora- 
ries," with  such  editorial  touches  as  serve  to 
set  the  several  characters  in  their  proper  per- 
spective and  give  a  sufficient  unity  and  pro- 
portion to  the  volume.  Here  we  have,  for 
instance,  the  bluff,  unpolished  Lord  Braxfield 
airing  his  broad  humor  and  his  broader  dia- 
lect on  the  judicial  bench.  ' '  Hae  ye  ony  coon- 
sel,  man?"  he  asks  of  Maurice  Margorot, 
brought  before  him  on  a  charge  of  sedition. 
' '  No, ' '  was  the  laconic  answer.  ' '  Dae  ye  want 
to  hae  ony  appointit?"  he  continues.  "No," 
is  the  sarcastic  rejoinder,  "I  only  want  an 
interpreter  to  make  me  understand  what  your 


lordship  says."  It  was  the  same  incorrigible 
Caledonian  who  said  of  young  Francis  Jeffrey, 
fresh  from  Oxford  and  beginning  his  profes- 
sional practice  at  the  Scottish  bar, ' '  The  laddie 
has  clean  tint  his  Scotch  and  fund  nae  En- 
glish." To  Jeffrey  himself,  in  due  time 
raised  to  the  bench,  the  author  devotes  one  of 
his  most  readable  chapters.  It  is  significant 
to  find  the  man  who,  as  first  editor  of  the 
"Edinburgh  Review,"  misjudged  the  poetic 
genius  of  others,  equally  at  fault  in  estimating 
his  own  endowment  as  a  writer  of  imperish- 
able verse.  "I  feel,"  he  wrote  to  his  sister, 
"I  shall  never  be  a  great  man  unless  it  be  as 
a  poet. ' '  In  addition  to  the  celebrities  already 
named,  the  book  has  sketches  of  Lords  Kames, 
Monboddo,  Gardenstone,  Hailes,  Eskgrove, 
Balmuto,  Newton,  Hermand,  Eldin,  and  Cock- 
burn —  all  of  the  later  eighteenth  and  earlier 
nineteenth  centuries.  Portraits  of  all  are  pro- 
vided, and  an  unusually  full  index  closes  the 
book,  which  may  be  confidently  commended  to 
the  lover  of  biographical  anecdote  and  well- 
considered  terse  characterization. 


A  study 
of  musical 
psychology. 


In  his  clearly  written  and  en- 
tertaining book,  "The  Musical 
Faculty"  (Macmillan  Co.).  Mr. 
William  Wallace  endeavors  to  consider,  in  its 
abstractness  as  a  part  of  the  musician's  inner 
equipment,  the  conscious  activity  which  pro- 
duces music.  The  noun  in  the  title  indicates 
the  point  of  view  from  which  the  book  is  writ- 
ten. We  had  supposed  that  this  was  a  phase 
of  speculation  somewhat  overworn.  The  iso- 
lating of  a  section  of  the  consciousness,  and 
the  elaborate  treatment  of  this  abstraction, 
leads  generally  to  rather  shadowy  results. 
We  are  inclined  to  believe  that  there  is  no  such 
thing  as  a  musical  faculty ;  but  that  the  whole 
man,  his  entire  development  and  achievement, 
all  that  he  is  and  knows,  go  to  the  produc- 
tion of  his  aim, —  in  this  case,  an  expres- 
sion in  sound  of  some  profound  insight  or 
some  overmastering  experience.  Nevertheless, 
this  is  a  book  full  of  interesting  if  not  new 
analyses  of  various  aspects  of  musical  phe- 
nomena. Mr.  Wallace  maintains  that  the  ear- 
lier composers  had  no  individual  development ; 
they  showed  no  growth  in  their  compositions ; 
their  later  works,  like  their  earlier  ones,  were 
built  upon  the  same  model,  and  showed  the 
same  tonal  characteristics.  With  Beethoven 
the  break  with  the  old  was  made;  he  aban- 
doned his  forerunners,  and  set  sail  upon  the 
unfathomed  sea  on  which  the  argosies  of  the 
bold  musicians  of  to-day  are  navigating, 
bound  for  ports  never  dreamed  of  before.  The 
question  appears  in  every  art  form  to-day,  and 
yet  the  orthodox  sonata  in  Beethoven 's  hands 


154 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  4 


was  the  medium  of  utterance  for  ideas  not  sur- 
passed by  any  of  his  successors.  Mr.  Wallace 
analyzes  the  intellectual  equipment  of  the 
"wonder  child"  who  seems  to  know  every- 
thing in  music  when  wholly  immature  in  all 
other  directions.  He  concludes  that  there  is 
something  occult  here  which  as  yet  entirely 
exceeds  our  understanding.  He  describes  the 
nervous  apparatus  at  the  basis  of  music;  he 
deals  with  the  mental  hearing  of  music,  as  in 
the  case  of  a  deaf  musician ;  the  extraordinary 
power  of  inhibition  or  concentration  required 
of  the  musician;  the  character  of  musical 
memory ;  and  the  vast  command  of  multitudi- 
nous resources  demanded  of  the  modern  leader 
of  the  orchestra.  He  discusses  at  length  the 
problem  of  musical  heredity,  and  has  small 
respect  for  the  theories  usually  advanced  on 
the  subject.  He  considers  the  great  musician 
as  a  representative  person  at  the  highest  point 
of  human  development,  and  combats  the  no- 
tion that  the  so-called  "genius"  invariably 
possesses  a  diseased  consciousness  and  is  al- 
ways an  abnormality.  The  book  is  provided 
with  a  useful  bibliography,  a  satisfactory  in- 
dex, and  contains  a  great  deal  of  material  that 
is  valuable.  

A  score  of  great  names  are 
.  selected  by  Professor  Edwin 

"Watts  Chubb,  in  his  "Masters 
of  English  Literature"  (McClurg),  to  repre- 
sent seven  of  the  eight  periods  into  which  he 
conveniently  divides  that  literature.  Those 
periods  are:  the  Anglo-Saxon  or  Early  En- 
glish, the  Middle  English,  the  Elizabethan, 
the  Puritan,  the  Restoration,  the  Age  of 
Classicism,  the  Age  of  Romanticism,  and  the 
Victorian  Age.  The  Anglo-Saxon  period  he 
leaves  unrepresented,  for  obvious  reasons,  in 
a  popular  treatise  such  as  he  has  prepared; 
to  illustrate  the  others  we  have  Chaucer, 
Shakespeare  (whose  name  Professor  Chubb 
prefers  to  write  in  almost  its  briefest  possible 
form),  Milton,  Dryden,  Swift,  Pope,  Johnson, 
Burns,  Byron,  Shelley,  Keats,  Wordsworth, 
Scott,  Dickens,  Thackeray,  George  Eliot,  Car- 
lyle,  Ruskin,  Tennyson,  and  Browning.  A 
brief  biographical  sketch  and  a  generously 
appreciative  rather  than  severely  critical 
account  of  his  works  are  given  under  each 
writer's  name,  the  whole  being  preceded  by  a 
brief  Preface  and  an  introductory  outline  of 
English  literature  as  divided  into  the  fore- 
going periods,  and  interspersed  with  frequent 
short  quoted  passages,  while  bibliographical 
references  at  the  end  of  each  chapter  point 
the  student  to  more  extended  sources  of  in- 
formation. George  Eliot,  the  one  woman 
writer  on  the  list,  has  a  compliment  paid  to 
her  apophthegmatic  quality  which  is  not  paid 


even  to  Johnson  or  Carlyle;  that  is,  a  selec- 
tion of  pithy  sayings  —  beginning  with, 
"Blessed  is  the  man  who,  having  nothing  to 
say,  refrains  from  calling  attention  to  the 
fact"  —  is  made  from  her  books  and  ap- 
pended to  the  section  headed  by  her  name. 
In  his  opening  paragraph  the  scholarly  author 
allows  himself  a  little  indulgence  in  what 
seems  not  exactly  like  scholarly  restraint,  the 
scholar's  preference  for  understatement,  when 
he  says  that  "one  could  collect  several  hun- 
dred definitions  of  literature  or  religion."  It 
would  be  a  task  for  most  of  us  to  collect  a 
dozen  of  each.  What  one  likes  most  in  this 
attractive  book  from  an  ardent  lover  of  "the 
best  that  has  been  said  and  thought  in  the 
world"  is  the  contagion  of  enthusiasm  for 
that  "best"  which  its  pages  spread. 


Mr.  Hubert  Howe  Bancroft's 
fheAztdecl.  "History  of  Mexico"  (Bancroft 

Co.)  is  a  revision,  with  exten- 
sion to  the  summer  of  1914,  of  his  work  pub- 
lished twenty-eight  years  ago,  "A  Popular 
History  of  the  Mexican  People."  The  im- 
penetrable obscurity  enveloping  the  origin  and 
early  history  of  the  Mexican  aborigines  is 
acknowledged  at  the  outset  by  this  sixty-years 
student  of  the  subject,  and  he  claims  little 
that  is  new  for  his  opening  section  on  the  pre- 
Spanish  period  of  Mexican  history.  The  re- 
maining five  sections  of  the  work  deal  with  the 
Spanish  conquest,  the  viceregal  or  colonial 
period,  the  war  for  independence,  the  period 
of  national  existence  to  the  downfall  of  Maxi- 
milian, and  the  later  course  of  events  to  the 
abdication  of  Huerta,  with  a  concluding  chap- 
ter on  the  country's  general  conditions  and 
natural  resources.  Not  wanting  in  contemp- 
tuous sarcasm  is  the  historian's  treatment  of 
recent  American  policy  toward  Mexico,  but  he 
formulates  no  alternative  course  as  a  remedy 
for  existing  ills,  though  he  does  say  toward 
the  close :  ' '  Out  of  the  predicament  there  ap- 
pears for  the  United  States  one  of  two  courses : 
open,  inglorious  retreat,  or  conquest,  protec- 
tion, and  dismemberment."  The  latter  mode 
of  cure,  however,  he  hardly  seems  to  favor 
when  he  says,  a  little  earlier :  ' '  Three  special 
years  of  infamous  treatment  they  had  had  at 
the  hands  of  their  own  countrymen,  and  now 
the  foreign  invader  is  at  their  door  to  bring 
them  happiness  in  the  form  of  thirty  years 
more  of  war  and  bloodshed,  for  without  this 
and  more  the  promised  pacification  will  never 
come  to  pass."  It  would  have  added  to  the 
book's  value  as  a  handy  work  of  reference,  and 
would  have  made  its  substance  easier  of  mas- 
tery, if  dates  had  been  given  in  the  table  of 
contents,  or  in  the  chapter-headings  or  page- 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


headings,  or  occasionally  in  the  margin  — 
year  dates,  we  mean,  as  some  avoidable  uncer- 
tainty arises  from  too  frequent  mention  of 
months  and  days  of  the  month  in  the  text, 
with  no  year  at  the  top  of  the  page  or  else- 
where for  ready  reference.  This  fault,  it 
should  be  added,  is  partly  corrected  by  the 
appending  of  a  "chronological  table  of  the 
rulers  of  Mexico,  and  dates  upon  which  they 
assumed  office."  Maps  and  illustrations 
abound,  and  in  general  the  work  is  very  ser- 
viceable and  also  agreeably  readable. 


impressions  ^  selection  of  M.  Pierre  Loti's 
of  things  out  of  slighter  sketches,  of  various 
dates,  appears  in  excellent  trans- 
lation under  the  title  "On  Life's  By-ways" 
(Macmillan).  The  book  presents  in  pleasing 
form  the  French  naval  officer's  impressions  of 
things  seen  in  different  parts  of  the  world  to 
which  ' '  the  exigencies  of  a  seafaring  life, ' '  as 
he  expresses  it,  have  at  various  times  called 
him,  together  with  a  brief  chapter  on  Alphonse 
Daudet  as  man  and  friend,  and  another  on 
Michelet's  book,  "The  Sea."  With  exquisite 
art  the  gifted  Frenchman  makes  one  expe- 
rience with  him  the  varied  and  novel  sensa- 
tions evoked  by  varied  and  novel  sights  and 
sounds  in  divers  quarters  of  the  globe  —  in 
Senegal,  on  Easter  Island,  in  the  Basque  coun- 
try, in  Madrid,  and  under  the  shadow  of  the 
great  Sphinx.  Of  unusual  interest  to  an 
American  are  the  pages  written  at  the  Spanish 
capital  soon  after  the  outbreak  of  our  war  for 
the  liberation  of  Cuba,  or,  as  this  sympathizer 
with  Spain  phrases  it,  in  "the  early  days  of 
the  American  aggression."  The  charges  of 
perfidy  and  atrocity  there  brought  against  us 
bear  an  interesting  likeness  to  the  charges  now 
so  vehemently  urged  against  one  or  another  of 
the  belligerent  nations  by  the  opposite  side. 
Warmly  espousing  the  cause  of  his  hospitable 
entertainers,  the  writer  paints  a  touching  pic- 
ture of  the  sad-eyed  Queen  Regent  in  those 
distressing  days.  Now  and  then,  through  the 
impressionism  of  these  vividly  descriptive 
chapters,  one  gets  a  glimpse  of  the  author's 
philosophy  of  life,  a  philosophy  not  always  so 
admirable  as  the  style  in  which  it  is  clothed. 
After  witnessing,  with  proper  loathing,  the 
abhorrent  spectacle  of  a  Spanish  bull-fight, 
the  writer  thus  lightly  dispels  the  shameful 
vision :  ' '  Then,  remembering  that  only  what 
constitutes  physical  beauty,  the  charm  and 
delight  of  the  eye,  does  not  prove  deceptive, 
I  turned  my  gaze  away  from  the  arena  and 
looked  up  at  the  beautiful  senora,  dressed  in 
light  blue,  and  wearing  on  her  head  a  white 
mantilla  and  in  her  breast  a  bunch  of  tea 
roses."  A  description  of  the  barren  dreari- 


ness of  Easter  Island,  taken  from  a  notebook 
of  early  youth,  but  subjected  to  some  needed 
revision,  is  the  most  remarkably  arresting 
piece  of  writing  in  the  book.  It  alone  would 
justify  the  volume's  existence.  The  compe- 
tent translator  of  these  well-selected  sketches 
is  Mr.  Fred  Rothwell,  who  also  contributes  a 
finely  appreciative  preface. 


Africa's  largest  island  is  a  thou- 
in Madagascar,  sand  miles  long,  three  hundred 

and  more  broad,  and  contains 
230,000  square  miles  —  somewhat  larger  than 
all  the  Atlantic  States  north  of  the  Carolina 
line.  ' '  A  Naturalist  in  Madagascar :  A  Rec- 
ord of  Observation,  Experiences,  and  Impres- 
sions Made  during  a  Period  of  over  Fifty 
Years'  Intimate  Association  with  the  Natives 
and  Study  of  the  Animal  and  Vegetable  Life 
of  the  Island"  (Lippincott)  contains  this  in- 
formation, and  a  great  deal  more.  It  is  the 
work  of  the  Rev.  James  Sibree,  F.R.G.S.,  a 
missionary  who  has  written  extensively  about 
his  theatre  of  operations.  The  book  is  in- 
tended rather  to  be  enjoyed  than  to  be  studied, 
and  is  made  up  of  informal  accounts  of  a  num- 
ber of  journeys  made  in  the  island.  Precise 
scientific  terms  are  little  insisted  upon,  native 
names  are  given  wherever  possible,  numerous 
reproduced  photographs  heighten  the  interest 
of  the  text,  and  result  in  a  substantial  octavo 
packed  with  knowledge  imparted  cheerfully. 
As  the  principal  haunt  of  the  interesting 
lemurs  and  of  most  of  the  chameleons,  with 
a  fauna  and  flora  sufficiently  distinct  from 
that  of  the  mainland  to  heighten  investiga- 
tion, as  well  as  being  the  home  of  several  sorts 
of  humankind,  apparently  compounded  in 
various  degrees  of  Melanesians  and  Negroes, 
the  island  is  abundantly  worth  the  time  and 
space  here  devoted  to  it,  and  is  rapidly  assum- 
ing importance  since  its  conquest  by  the 
French  nearly  twenty  years  ago.  Told  as  it 
is  in  an  intimate  and  gossiping  manner,  the 
volume  makes  excellent  reading,  and  conveys 
the  idea  that  the  author  has  led  a  long,  happy, 
and  interesting  life,  crowded  with  strenuous 
duties  cheerfully  performed. 


.    .         In  Dr.  W.  S.  Bainbridge's  "The 

An  unsolved  ,  ,,      .     °         .,,       . 

problem  in          Cancer  Problem      (Macmillan) 

modern  medicine.  Qf 


greategt    menaces    of 

human  life  is  dealt  with  in  a  competent  man- 
ner. Medical  research  in  ever-increasing  vol- 
ume is  being  directed  to  the  solution  of  this 
problem  ;  but  it  remains  a  problem  as  yet  un- 
solved, both  as  to  the  cause  of  cancer  and  to 
any  effective  cure.  The  less  technical  conclu- 
sions thus  far  arrived  at  indicate  that  inheri- 
tance of  cancer  holds  no  special  element  of 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  4 


alarm,  that  the  contagiousness  or  infectious- 
ness  of  cancer  is  far  from  proved,  that  danger 
of  its  accidental  acquirement  is  slight,  and 
that  care  and  attention  to  diet  and  hygienic 
surroundings  are  of  utmost  importance;  that 
cancer  is  local  in  its  beginning,  and  when 
accessible  it  may  in  its  beginning  be  removed 
so  perfectly  by  radical  surgical  operation  that 
the  chances  are  overwhelmingly  in  favor  of  its 
non-recurrence.  The  book  is  abundantly  illus- 
trated, has  an  extensive  bibliography,  and 
holds  a  mine  of  technical  information  on  the 
theories  as  to  the  cause  of  cancer,  the  course  of 
the  various  types  of  the  disease,  and  the 
various  methods  of  treatment  and  so-called 
"cures."  There  is  also  a  plea  for  scientific) 
statistics  and  a  campaign  of  public  education 
to  protect  sufferers  from  the  dread  disease  by 
prompt  surgical  treatment.  We  note  the 
omission  of  Boveri  's  very  important  contribu- 
tion (possibly  too  recent  for  inclusion)  to  the 
etiology  of  cancer  derived  from  the  study  of 
abnormal  cell  divisions.  Dr.  Bainbridge's  vol- 
ume is  a  standard  reference  work,  for  both  the 
practitioner  and  the  patient,  concerning  all 
the  more  general  relations  of  this  paramount 
medical  problem. 


The  bible  of 
Renaissance 
architects. 


Professor  Morris  Hickey  Mor- 
gan's posthumous  translation  of 
Vitruvius  (Harvard  University 
Press)  hardly  calls  for  comment  on  the  origi- 
nal—the bible  of  the  architects  of  the 
Renaissance,  which  still  profoundly  influ- 
ences our  classical  architecture.  Besides  sev- 
eral score  of  Latin  editions  and  translations 
into  foreign  languages,  there  have  been  three 
previous  translations  into  English, —  those  of 
Newton,  1791,  of  Wilkins,  1813  (three  books 
only),  and  of  Gwilt,  1826.  None  of  these, 
naturally,  can  show  the  ripeness  of  classical 
scholarship  or  the  benefits  of  modern  archseo- 
logical  research  which  the  present  version 
enjoys  through  Professor  Morgan,  through 
the  editor  (Professor  A.  A.  Howard),  and 
through  Professor  Warren,  who  has  prepared 
the  illustrations.  These  advantages,  together 
with  the  picturesque  and  characteristic  En- 
glish in  which  Professor  Morgan  has  managed 
to  preserve  the  flavor  of  the  original,  make  it 
doubtless  the  definitive  translation.  The  illus- 
trations show  a  comparison  of  the  prescrip- 
tions of  Vitruvius  with  actual  classic  exam- 
ples, usually  those  which  correspond  most 
nearly  to  them.  The  notes  which  Professor 
Morgan  had  intended,  both  textual  and  ex- 
planatory, he  did  not  live  to  supply,  but  the 
translation  and  illustrations  by  themselves  are 
sufficient  to  be  of  very  great  interest  both  to 
architects  and  to  scholars. 


NOTES. 


Mr.  Kudyard  Kipling's  articles  on  "  The  New 
Army  in  Training "  are  to  be  republished  as  a 
booklet. 

Mr.  Jethro  Bithell  has  written  a  volume  on  "  Con- 
temporary Belgian  Literature  "  which  will  be  pub- 
lished this  spring. 

Miss  Constance  Smedley  is  bringing  out  a  new 
novel  with  Messrs.  Putnam  this  spring  entitled 
"  On  the  Fighting  Line." 

A  new  volume  by  Mr.  Joseph  Conrad,  containing 
three  stories,  will  be  published  shortly.  The  tales 
include  "  The  Planter  of  Malata,"  "  The  Partner," 
and  "  The  Inn  of  the  Two  Witches." 

Mrs.  Payne  Erskine's  new  story  of  the  mountain 
people  of  North  Carolina  will  be  called  "A  Girl  of 
the  Blue  Ridge."  It  will  come  from  the  press  of 
Messrs.  Little,  Brown  &  Co.  before  long. 

"  The  Origins  and  Destiny  of  Imperial  Britain 
and  Nineteenth  Century  Europe,"  by  the  late  J.  A. 
Cramb,  author  of  "  Germany  and  England,"  is 
promised  for  early  publication  by  Messrs.  E.  P. 
Button  &  Co. 

A  new  volume  of  essays  on  art  entitled  "  Form 
and  Colour,"  by  Mr.  Lisle  March  Phillipps  (whose 
important  work  on  "Art  and  Environment "  was 
reviewed  in  our  previous  issue),  will  be  issued  dur- 
ing the  spring. 

Still  another  book  on  the  Shakespeare-Bacon 
question  is  promised  in  Mr.  James  Phinney  Bax- 
ter's historical  and  critical  study,  "  The  Greatest  of 
Literary  Problems,"  which  the  Houghton  Mifflin 
Co.  will  publish. 

Rambling  essays  on  the  pleasures  of  spring  walks 
and  of  whimsical  hobbies,  written  by  Mr.  Charles 
S.  Brooks  and  entitled  "  Journeys  to  Bagdad,"  will 
appear  next  month  with  the  imprint  of  the  Yale 
University  Press. 

A  second  series  of  lectures  on  "  Germany  in  the 
Nineteenth  Century,"  edited  by  Professor  C.  H. 
Herford  with  a  prefatory  note  by  Professor  T.  F. 
Tout,  will  be  published  immediately  by  Messrs. 
Longmans,  Green  &  Co. 

The  first  biography  to  appear  in  English  of  Mr. 
Rabindranath  Tagore  has  been  written  by  Basanta 
Koomar  Roy,  a  friend  of  the  Bengali  poet  and 
philosopher,  and  is  promised  for  early  publication 
by  Messrs.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

A  new  edition  of  the  poems  of  M.  Emile  Ver- 
haeren,  translated  by  Miss  Alma  Strettel,  is  prom- 
ised by  the  John  Lane  Co.  The  biographical 
introduction  has  been  brought  up  to  date,  and 
recent  work  of  the  poet  has  been  added. 

Several  letters  written  by  the  late  John  Muir  are 
now  in  the  hands  of  his  publishers,  Messrs.  Hough- 
ton  Mifflin  Co.,  and  will  be  brought  out  some  time 
during  the  spring.  Mr.  Muir  left  manuscript  mate- 
rial, practically  completed,  for  an  important  book 
on  Alaska. 

Mr.  George  Agnew  Chamberlain,  United  States 
Consul  at  Lourenco  Marquez,  Portuguese  East 
Africa,  has  ready  a  new  story,  "  Through  Stained 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


157 


Glass,"  which  the  Century  Co.  will  issue  this  month. 
His  first  novel,  "  Home/'  was  published  about  a 
year  and  a  half  ago. 

Mr.  Arthur  Waugh  has  a  little  volume  of  essays 
in  the  press,  under  the  title  of  "  Reticence  in  Lit- 
erature." The  essays  include  a  series  of  papers 
upon  the  leading  "  movements "  in  Victorian 
poetry,  and  seven  short  "  sketches  for  portraits," 
ranging  from  Crashaw  to  George  Gissing. 

A  collection  of  Cowley's  "  Essays  and  Other 
Prose  Writings,"  edited  by  Dr.  Alfred  B.  Gough, 
with  a  biographical  and  critical  introduction,  is 
being  issued  by  the  Oxford  University  Press.  All 
the  known  prose  writings  of  Cowley  'are  included, 
except  the  preface  to  the  juvenile  volume, 
"Poeticall  Blossoms,"  and  some  letters  of  little 
interest. 

"America  and  the  New  World-state  "  is  the  title 
of  a  forthcoming  volume  by  "  Norman  Angell," 
which  Messrs.  Putnam  have  in  train  for  pub- 
lication. In  it  is  elaborated  the  thesis  that  the 
American  people  are  above  all  others,  by  situation 
and  "  the  happy  circumstances  of  their  history," 
fitted  to  become  "leaders  in  the  civilization  of 
Christendom." 

A  series  of  medical  handbooks,  the  "  Mind  and 
Health  Series,"  edited  by  Mr.  H.  Addington  Bruce, 
is  being  projected  by  Messrs.  Little,  Brown  &  Co. 
The  first  three  volumes,  to  appear  this  spring,  are : 
"  Human  Motives,"  by  Dr.  James  Jackson  Putnam ; 
"  The  Meaning  of  Dreams,"  by  Dr.  Isador  H. 
Coriat;  and  "Sleep  and  Sleeplessness,"  by  the 
editor  of  the  series. 

"  North  of  Boston,"  a  volume  of  poems  by  Mr. 
Robert  Frost  which  received  favorable  comment 
upon  its  publication  in  England,  will  be  issued  im- 
mediately in  this  country  by  Messrs.  Henry  Holt 
&  Co.  From  the  same  house  will  come  Mr.  Barrett 
H.  Clark's  "  British  and  American  Drama  of  To- 
day," a  companion  volume  to  the  same  writer's 
recently  published  "Continental  Drama  of  To-day." 

An  official  guide  book  for  scientific  travellers  in 
the  West  is  being  prepared  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Pacific  Coast  Committee  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  will 
be  published  this  month  by  Messrs.  Paul  Elder  & 
Co.,  of  San  Francisco.  The  articles,  popular  in 
form  but  written  with  scientific  precision,  will 
appear  under  the  title  of  "  Nature  and  Science  on 
the  Pacific  Coast." 

Among  the  announcements  of  the  Oxford  Uni- 
versity Press  are:  "The  Letters  of  Sidonius," 
translated  by  Mr.  0.  M.  Dalton;  "Some  Love 
Poems  of  Petrarch,"  translated  by  Mr.  W.  D. 
Foulke;  "A  Bibliography  of  Samuel  Johnson," 
prepared  by  the  late  W.  P.  Courtney  and  seen 
through  the  press  by  Mr.  D.  Nicol  Smith ;  and  the 
second  volume  of  "  Select  Early  English  Poems," 
edited  by  Professor  I.  Gollancz. 

Samuel  T.  Pickard,  biographer  and  literary 
executor  of  John  Greenleaf  Whittier,  died  last 
month  at  the  Whittier  homestead  in  Amesbury, 
Mass.,  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven.  He  was  editor 
and  proprietor  of  the  Portland  (Maine)  "  Tran- 
script "  from  1852  to  1894.  In  addition  to  numer- 


ous monographs,  reviews,  and  literary  articles,  he 
wrote  "Hawthorne's  First  Diary,"  "Whittier 
Land,"  and  "Life  and  Letters  of  John  Greenleaf 
Whittier." 

Mr.  G.  H.  Perris  is  writing  a  narrative  of  "  The 
Campaign  of  1914  in  France  and  Belgium,"  which 
Messrs.  Hodder  &  Stoughton  hope  to  have  ready 
next  month.  The  author  was  in  Brussels  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  war,  and,  leaving  there  with  other 
refugees  for  Paris,  afterwards  acted  as  special 
correspondent  of  the  "  Daily  Chronicle."  The  first 
book  on  the  war  by  a  Belgian  officer  is  coming  from 
the  same  publishers  —  "Fighting  with  King 
Albert,"  by  Capitaine  Gabriel  de  Libert  de 
Flemalle. 

A  Danish  correspondent  to  the  London  "Nation" 
writes  that  the  war  is  leaving  its  mark  on  interna- 
tional publishing.  After  mentioning  that,  before 
the  war,  Germany  had  shown  an  almost  insatiable 
appetite  for  translations  of  foreign  books,  he  adds 
that  a  leading  German  publisher  has  just  an- 
nounced that  he  has  done  with  Gabriele  d'Annun- 
zio.  According  to  this  publisher,  d'Annunzio  has 
attacked  Germany  merely  out  of  hatred,  and  he  has 
not  even  the  excuse  that  his  country  has  suffered 
through  the  war. 

A  new  publishing  house  has  been  incorporated  in 
New  York  City,  under  the  name  of  Robert  Apple- 
ton,  Inc.,  by  Mr.  Robert  Appleton,  grandson  of  the 
founder  of  the  house  of  Messrs.  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 
The  first  work  announced  is  "  Intercollegiate  Ath- 
letics in  America,"  a  chronicle  of  collegiate  sport 
in  the  United  States  to  be  completed  in  five  vol- 
umes. Among  the  contributors  will  be  Messrs. 
Samuel  Crowther,  Parke  H.  Davis,  Romeyn  Barry, 
Harry  A.  Fisher,  Raymond  D.  Little,  James  A. 
Babbitt,  and  Richard  M.  Gummere. 

Lord  Cromer  has  written  a  supplementary  vol- 
ume to  his  "Modern  Egypt,"  which  will  be  pub- 
lished this  month  by  Messrs.  Macmillan.  It  is 
called  "Abbas  II.,"  and  it  covers  the  fifteen  years 
between  the  death  of  Tewfik  Pasha,  in  1892,  and 
Lord  Cromer's  departure  from  Egypt  in  1907. 
Lord  Cromer's  view  of  Abbas's  character  was 
obtained  at  close  range,  and  was  quite  as  unfavor- 
able as  its  subject  deserved.  Lord  Cromer  and 
Abbas  never  "  got  on,"  for,  indeed,  it  was  hard  to 
respect  the  ex-Khedive  either  as  a  man  or  as  a 
ruler. 

The  work  of  Stijn  Streuvels,  the  Low-Dutch 
author  who  is  regarded  both  in  Belgium  and  Hol- 
land as  among  the  most  distinguished  writers  of 
our  time,  is  to  be  introduced  to  English  readers  by 
Mr.  A.  Teixeira  de  Mattos  in  a  volume  of  sketches 
and  stories  which  he  has  translated  from  the  West- 
Flemish  dialect  under  the  title  of  "The  Web  of 
Life."  Stijn  Streuvels's  real  name  is  Frank 
Lateur.  Until  ten  years  ago  his  home  was  at  Avel- 
ghem,  close  to  Courtrai  and  the  Lys,  where  he 
earned  his  living  as  a  baker.  "  The  Web  of  Life  " 
belongs  to  that  period. 

Mr.  H.  Noel  Williams  has  already  a  considerable 
number  of  biographies  of  famous  Frenchwomen  to 
his  credit.  He  is  about  to  add  to  the  number  by 
"  The  Life  of  Margaret  d'Angouleme."  This  time, 


158 


THE    DIAL, 


[  March  4 


at  least,  Mr.  Williams  has  chosen  a  subject  that 
abounds  in  literary  interest.  Margaret  was  not 
only  the  author  of  the  "  Heptameron "  but  the 
patroness  of  a  group  of  men  of  letters  that  included 
Rabelais,  Clement  Marot,  and  Bonaventure  des 
Periers,  and  the  influence  of  her  Court  makes  one 
of  the  most  fascinating  chapters  in  the  history  of 
the  Renaissance  in  France. 

If  any  of  the  friends  of  John  Muir  have  missed 
his  Alaskan  dog  story,  "  Stickeen,"  they  should  by 
all  means  look  it  up.  Its  general  circulation  would 
go  a  long  way  in  reducing  the  residuum  of  cruelty  to 
animals  which  man  seems  to  have  brought  down 
with  him  from  primitive  savagery.  Since  its  origi- 
nal publication,  a  few  years  ago,  the  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co.  have  included  it  in  their  "  Riverside 
Literature  Series,"  printed  in  large  type  and  neatly 
bound  in  cloth,  for  only  twenty-five  cents.  It  is  a 
story  which  children  and  grown-ups  alike  will  read 
with  intense  interest,  and  all  friends  of  dumb  ani- 
mals ought  to  assist  in  promoting  its  circulation. 

Professor  Gilbert  Murray,  in  addition  to  his  new 
verse  translation  of  the  "Alcestis  "  of  Euripides, 
has  in  preparation  a  revised  edition  of  "  Carlyon 
Sahib,"  the  play  which,  originally  written  in  1893, 
was  first  produced  by  Mrs.  Patrick  Campbell  in 
the  summer  of  1899,  and  published  in  book  form 
in  the  following  year.  " '  Carlyon  Sahib '  and 
'Andromache,' "  writes  the  author,  "  were  really 
companion  studies  of  two  views  of  life,  the  two  that 
we  now  associate  with  the  names  of  Nietzsche  and 
Tolstoy  respectively,  although  at  that  time  I  do  not 
think  I  had  heard  of  Nietzsche.  'Andromache' 
shows  a  Tolstoyan  heroine  living  and  eventually 
prevailing  in  a  primitive  society  based  upon  re- 
venge and  force ;  '  Carlyon  '  a  kind  of  superman 
hero  trying,  and  eventually  failing,  to  find  scope  in 
modern  civilization." 

"  Like  many  other  readers,"  says  a  writer  in  the 
London  "  Nation,"  "  I  have  been  trying  to  keep  up 
with  the  deluge  of  books  about  the  war,  or  at  any 
rate,  to  miss  nothing  of  importance  which  would 
help  to  a  better  knowledge  of  the  greatest  event  in 
contemporary  history.  But  a  glance  through 
Messrs.  Lange  &  Berry's  annotated  bibliography, 
'  Books  on  the  Great  War,'  just  published  by 
Messrs.  Grafton,  has  almost  driven  me  to  give 
up  the  attempt.  I  find  that,  excluding  reprints, 
pamphlets,  poetry,  sermons,  and  so  forth,  more 
than  a  hundred  and  eighty  books  on  the  struggle, 
all  of  them  with  some  claims  to  attention,  have  been 
published  since  the  beginning  of  August.  And  if  a 
reader  had  gone  through  all  these,  he  would  still  be 
faced  by  the  heading  '  Poetry,  Songs,  and  Plays,' 
with  nearly  fifty  entries ;  '  Religion,  Sermons, 
Prayers,  and  Hymns,'  with  more  than  seventy; 
and  '  Humor,'  with  a  score,  to  say  nothing  of  the 
mountain  of  pamphlets.  If  the  output  continues 
at  this  rate  —  and  it  shows  no  signs  of  slackening  — 
future  historians  who  take  account  of  all  the  mate- 
rial will  need  to  be  long-lived  men.  Historians,  by 
the  way,  have  lost  no  time.  More  than  a  score  of 
histories  are  chronicled  by  Messrs.  Lange  &  Berry, 
the  most  important  being  M.  Gabriel  Hanotaux's 
'  Histoire  Illustree  de  la  Guerre  de  1914,'  which  is 
appearing  in  monthly  parts." 


TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS. 

March,  1915. 

Albert,  King  of  the  Belgians.     D.  C.  Boulger     .     .     Scribner 
American  Literature.     James  Bryce     .....     No.  Amer. 

Americans   Abroad.     F.   G.   Peabody     .....     No.  Amer. 

Arabia,  Young.   Ameen  Rihbani     ........     Forum 

Art,  The  New  American.   Birge  Harrison     ....     Scribner 

Australian  Wages  Boards.     M.  B.  Hammond     Quar.  Jr.  Econ. 
Belgium,  The  Soul  of.    Abbe  Noel     .......     Hibbert 

Book-collecting   Abroad.     A.   Edward   Newton     .     .     Atlantic 
Brieux,  Eugene,  Plays  of.    W.  D.  Howells     .     .     .     No.  Amer. 
Carillo,   Julian.     Maria   C.   Mena     .......     Century 

Civilization,  The  Unity  of.     F.  S.  Marvin     ....     Hibbert 

Class   Distinctions.      Seymour   Deming     .....     Atlantic 

Cohan  :  An  Appreciation.  Harrison  Rhodes  .  Metropolitan 
Commercial  Recovery,  America's.  C.  F.  Speare  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Congress,  Sub-committees  of.  B.  L.  French  Am.  Pol.  So.  Rev. 
Coroners  and  Inquests.  H.  S.  Gilbertson  .  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Costumes,  Early  American.  Mary  H. 

Northend     .........     Am.  Homes  &  Gardens 

Cotton,  Improved  Outlook  for.   Richard  Spillane     Rev.  of  Revs. 
Crow,  Characteristics  of  the.     W.  P.  Eaton     .     .     .     Harper 
Dairy  Cattle,  Three  Kinds  of.     W.  J.  Fraser     .     Rev.  of  Revs. 
Deep   Sea  Wonders.     Cleveland  Moffett     ....     American 

Defence,  National.     Lindley  M.  Garrison     ....     Century 

Delbriick's   "  Germany's  Answer."     Agnes  Repplier    Atlantic 
Democracy,  Religion  of.     H.  W.  Wright     .....     Forum 

Democracy,  The  Essence  of.  Wilhelm 

Hasbach       ...........     Am.  Pol.  Sc.  Rev. 

Disarmament,  Difficulties  of.  R.  M.  Johnston  .  .  Century 
Dutch  Farmhouse,  A  Typical.  Harriet  S. 

Gillespie       .........     Am.  Homes  &  Gardens 

Earthquake,  The  Italian.    John  L.  Rich     .     .     .     Rev.  of  Revs. 
English,  Pronunciation  of.    R.  S.  Menner     ....     Atlantic 

English,  Pure  —  What  It  Is.  Brander  Matthews  .  Harper 
Ethics  Made  in  Germany.  C.  B.  Brewster  .  .  .  No.  Amer. 
Eugenics,  Scientific  Claims  of.  L.  T.  More  .  .  .  Hibbert 
Europe  after  the  War.  Ivan  Yovitchevitch  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Farm  Animals,  Health  of.  C.  F.  Carter  .  .  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Federal  Trade  Commission,  The.  J.  A. 

Fayne      ............     Am.  Pol.  Sc.  Rev. 

Flower  Garden,  Planning  the.  Gardner 

Teall   ...........     Am.  Homes  &  Gardens 

Food  Supply,  The  World's.     B.  E.  Powell     .     .     Rev.  of  Revs. 
Frank,  Leo,  and  "  Justice."     Arthur  Train     .     .     Everybody's 
German  France.     John  Reed     .......     Metropolitan 

Germans  and  Tartars.     D.   A.   Wilson     .....     Hibbert 

Gottingen  in  the  Sixties.     James  Sully     .....     Hibbert 

Hardy,  Thomas.     Louise  C.  Willcox     .....     No.  Amer. 

Henry  Street  Settlement,  The  —  I.  Lilian  D.  Wald  Atlantic 


Humanity,  War's  Cost  to.    H.  H.  Horwill 
Ibibios,  The,  of  Nigeria.     Dorothy  A.  Talbot 


Atlantic 
Harper 


Japanese,   The,   in  Korea.     Theodore  Roosevelt    Metropolitan 
Jew,  The,  in  America.     Abram  S.  Isaacs     .     .     .     No.  Amer. 
Jews  and  Romans.     Herbert  Strong     ......     Hibbert 

.Toffre,    General.      Ernest   Dimnet     .......     Hibbert 

Justice,   Experiments   in.     Ida  M.  Tarbell     .     .     .     American 
Kaiser,  The,  and  His  Court.     Infanta  Eulalia     .     .     Century 
Labor  and  Business  :  Organized.    P.  G.  Wright    Quar.  Jr.  Econ. 
Law  and  Organization.     J.  B.  Moore     .     .     Am.  Pol.  Sc.  Rev. 
Literacy  Test,  The.     J.  A.  O'Gorman     ......     Forum 

London  in  Time  of  War.    Elizabeth  R.  Pennell     .     .     Atlantic 
"  London  Times,"  A  Letter  to  the.   George  Harvey     Ne>.  Amer. 
Meredith  and  His  Fighting  Men.     James  Moffatt     .     Hibbert 
Mexican  Policy,  Our.     Theodore  Roosevelt     .     .     Metropolitan 
Motherhood,  Unlawful.     G.   B.  Mangold     .....     Forum 

Napoleon  —  How   He   Looked.      Camille   Gronkowski     Harper 
Pacificism,    Thoughts   on.      G.    H.    Powell     ....     Hibbert 

Panama  Canal,  Building  the  —  I.    G.  W.  Goethals     .     Scribner 
Panama,  South  of  —  V.    Edward  A.  Ross     ....     Century 

Peace,  Permanent  —  Is  It  Possible?   Bertrand  Russell   Atlantic 
Peace,  Problems  of.     E.  Lyttelton     .......     Hibbert 

Peace  Treaty,  United  States  and  the.   O.  G.  Villard    No.  Amer. 
Pewter,  Chinese.     D.  Eberlein     .     .     .     Am.  Homes  &  Gardens 
Physiological  Views  of  Life.    D.  Noel  Patton     .     .     .     Hibbert 
Plants  and  Animals.     J.  C.   Bose     .......     Harper 

Poets,  The  New.     Arthur  C.  Benson     ......     Century 

Prize-Fight,  A  Woman  at  a.    Inez  H.  Gillmore     .     .     Century 
Pyrenees,  The,  as  a  Barrier.     Hilaire  Belloc     .     .     .     Harper 
Red  Cross  at  Work,  The.     W.  D.  Lane     .     .     .     Rev.  of  Revs. 
Regnier,   Henri   de.     Havelock   Ellis     .....     No.  Amer. 

Religion?  Bondage  of  Modern.     P.  G.  Duffy     .     .     .     Century 
Religion  and  Labor.    George  Haw     .......     Hibbert 

Russians,  The  Democratic.    E.  D.  Sehoonmaker     .     .     Century 
Russians  and  the  War.     Stephen  Graham     ....     Atlantic 

Scandinavia  and  the  War.     Julius  Moritzen     .     .     No.  Amer. 
Scandinavia  and  the  War.     T.  L.  Stoddard     .     .     .     Atlantic 
Scientific  Management  in  Practice.     C.  B. 

Thompson       ...........     Quar.  Jr.  Econ. 

Self-defence.  Rights  and  Duties  of.     J.  H.  Choate    No.  Amer. 
Shaw,  Anna  H.,  Autobiography  of  —  V.     .     .     .     Metropolitan 

Shaw.  Bernard.  The  German.    H.  F.  Rubinstein     .     .     Forum 
Shaw,  George  Bernard.     John  Palmer     .....     Century 

Slavophile  Creed,  The.     Paul  Vinogradoff     ....     Hibbert 

Socialism  and  War  —  IV.  Morris  Hillquit  .  .  Metropolitan 
Submarines  and  International  Peace.  Simon  Lake  Century 
Submarines  in  the  War.  Henrv  Reuterdahl  .  .  Everybody's 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


159 


Sunday,  Billy,  and  Salvation.  P.  C.  Macfarlane  Everybody's 
Supreme  Court  Decisions.  Emlin  McClain  Am.  Pol.  Sc.  Rev. 
Trust  Policy,  Governmental,  Basis  of.  Robert 

Lieimann Quar.  Jr.  Econ. 

Turkey  and  Germany.  H.  G.  Dwight Scribner 

Twilight  Sleep,  The,  in  America.  Mary  Boyd  and 

Marguerite  Tracy Metropolitan 

Unemployment,  Guilty  of.  William  Hard  .  .  Everybody's 
Vegetable  Gardens.  C.  S.  Delbert  .  Am.  Homes  &  Gardens 
War,  Causes  of  the.  E.  R.  Turner  .  .  .  Am.  Pol.  Sc.  Rev. 
War,  Culture,  Ethics,  and  the.  J.  A.  Leigh  ton  .  .  Forum 
War,  German  Equipment  for.  J.  F.  J.  Archibald  .  Scribner 
War,  New  Alignments  of  the.  F.  H.  Simonds  Rev.  of  Revs. 
War,  The,  and  America's  Future.  G.  B.  McClellan  Scribner 
War,  The,  and  Protestantism.  Edward  Willmore  .  Hibbert 

War  against  War,  The.  W.  D.  Sheldon Forum 

Women's  Work  and  Wages.  C.  E.  Persons  .  .  .  Harper 
Youth,  Understanding.  George  F.  Kearney  .  .  .  Forum 
Zeppelin,  Ferdinand  von.  T.  R.  MacMechen  .  Everybody's 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  156  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY  AND   REMINISCENCES. 

The  Life  of  Edward  Rowland  Sill.  By  William  Bel- 
mont  Parker.  Illustrated,  8vo.  Houghton  Mifflin 
Co.  $1.75  net. 

The  German  Emperor  as  Shown  in  His  Public  Utter- 
ances. By  Christian  Gauss.  With  portraits, 
12mo,  329  pages.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 
?1.25  net. 

The  Confessions  of  Frederick  the  Great,  and  The 
Life  of  Frederick  the  Great.  By  Heinrich  von 
Treitschke;  edited,  with  Introduction  by  Doug- 
las Sladeri,  and  Foreword  by  George  Haven  Put- 
nam. 12mo,  208  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 
$1.25  net. 

Kitchener:  Organizer  of  Victory.  By  Harold  Beg- 
bie.  With  portraits,  large  8vo,  112  pages. 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Saint  Clare  of  Assiwi:  Her  Life  and  Legislation. 
By  Ernest  Gilliat-Smith.  With  frontispiece  in 
photogravure,  8vo,  305  pages.  B.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 
$3.50  net. 

A  Playmate  of  Philip  II.:  Being  the  History  of  Don 
Martin  of  Aragon,  Duke  of  Villahermosa,  and  of 
Dona  Luisa  de  Borgia,  His  Wife.  By  Lady  More- 
ton.  Illustrated,  large  8vo,  224  pages.  John 
Lane  Co.  $3.  net. 

The  Life  of  a  Citizen:  At  Home  and  in  Foreign 
Service.  By  J.  Augustus  Johnson;  with  Intro- 
ductory Note  by  Brander  Matthews.  With  por- 
trait, 12mo,  292  pages.  New  York:  Vail-Ballou 
Press.  $2.  net. 

The  Kaiser,  1859-1914.  By  Stanley  Shaw,  LL.D. 
New  edition;  16mo,  251  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
40  cts.  net. 

HISTORY. 

The  Inner  History  of  the  Balkan  War.  By  Reginald 
Rankin,  F.R.G.S.  Illustrated  in  photogravure, 
etc.,  large  8vo,  569  pages.  B.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 
$5.  net. 

Alsace  and  Lorraine:  From  Csesar  to  Kaiser,  58 
B.  C.-1871  A.  D.  By  Ruth  Putnam.  With  maps, 
8vo,  208  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.25  net. 

The  Scotch-Irish  in  America.  By  Henry  Jones  Ford. 
8vo,  607  pages.  Princeton  University  Press. 
$2.  net. 

A  History  of  the  Western  Boundary  of  the  Louis- 
iana Purchase,  1819-1841.  By  Thomas  Maitland 
Marshall.  8vo,  266  pages.  Berkeley:  University 
of  California  Press.  Paper,  $1.75  net. 

The  American  Indian  in  the  United  States:  Period 
1850-1914.  By  Warren  K.  Moorehead,  A.M.  Illus- 
trated, large  8vo,  440  pages.  Andover,  Mass.: 
The  Andover  Press. 

GENERAL   LITERATURE. 
Chaucer  and  His  Poetry.     By  George  Lyman  Kitt- 

redge.       8vo,     230    pages.       Harvard    University 

Press.     $1.25  net. 
Canadian  Essays  and  Addresses.     By  W.   Peterson. 

Large   8vo,   373  pages.     Longmans,  Green   &  Co. 

$3.50  net. 
The     Study     of     Shakespeare.       By     Henry     Thew 

Stephenson.     With  frontispiece,  12mo,  300  pages. 

Henry  Holt  &  Co.     $1.25  net. 
Shower   and    Shine:      Being    Some   Little   Tragedies, 

Little    Comedies,    and    Little    Farces.      By    Guy 

Fleming.      12mo,    342    pages.      Longmans,    Green 

&  Co.     $1.60  net. 


Homeric  Scenes:  Hector's  Farewell  and  the  Wrath 
of  Achilles.  By  John  Jay  Chapman.  16mo,  76 
pages.  New  York:  Laurence  J.  Gomme. 
60  cts.  net. 

The  Art  and  Craft  of  Letters.  Comprising:  Com- 
edy, by  John  Palmer;  The  Bpic,  by  Lascelles 
Abercrombie;  Satire,  by  Gilbert  Cannan;  His- 
tory, by  R.  H.  Gretton.  Each  16mo.  George  H. 
Doran  Co.  Per  volume,  40  cts.  net. 

A  New  Theory  concerning:  the  Origin  of  the  Miracle 
Play.  By  George  Raleigh  Coffman.  Large  8vo, 
84  pages.  Menasha,  Wis. :  George  Banta  Pub- 
lishing Co.  Paper. 

DRAMA  AND   VERSE. 

Children  of  Earth:  A  Play  of  New  England.  By 
Alice  Brown.  With  portrait,  12mo,  212  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Wild  Knight.  By  G.  K.  Chesterton.  With 
photogravure  portrait,  12mo,  156  pages.  E.  P. 
Dutton  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Plaster  Saints:  A  High  Comedy  in  Three  Move- 
ments. By  Israel  Zangwill.  12mo,  212  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Dramatic  Works  of  Gerhart  Hanptmann. 
Edited  by  Ludwig  Lewissohn.  Volume  V.,  Sym- 
bolic and  Legendary  Dramas.  12mo,  370  pages. 
B.  W.  Huebso.h.  $1.50  net. 

Crack  o'  Dawn.  By  Fannie  Stearns  Davis.  12mo, 
108  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.  net. 

War  Brides.  By  Marion  Craig  Wentworth.  Illus- 
trated, 16mo,  71  pages.  Century  Co.  50  cts.  net. 

The  Silk-hat  Soldier,  and  Other  Poems  in  War 
Time.  By  Richard  Le  Gallienne.  12mo,  32  pages. 
John  Lane  Co.  50  cts.  net. 

Jesus:  A  Passion  Play.  By  Max  Ehrmann.  12mo, 
282  pages.  Baker  &  Taylor  Co.  $1.  net. 

Death  and  the  Fool.  By  Hugo  von  Hofmannsthal; 
translated  from  the  German  by  Elizabeth  Wal- 
ter. 12mo,  44  pages.  Richard  G.  Badger. 
75  cts.  net. 

Advent.  By  August  Strindberg;  translated  by 
Claud  Field.  12mo,  UO  pages.  Richard  G.  Bad- 
ger. 75  cts.  net. 

Songs  of  Labor,  and  Other  Poems.  By  Morris 
Rosenfeld;  translated  from  the  Yiddish  by  Rose 
Pastor  Stokes  and  Helena  Frank.  With  frontis- 
piece, 12mo,  75  pages.  Richard  G.  Badger. 
75  cts.  net. 

FICTION. 

The  Turmoil.  By  Booth  Tarkington.  Illustrated  in 
color,  etc.,  12mo,  349  pages.  Harper  &  Brothers. 
$1.35  net. 

The  Sword  of  Youth.  By  James  Lane  Allen.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  261  pages.  Century  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Harbor.  By  Ernest  Poole.  12mo,  387  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  $1.40  net. 

Mushroom  Town.  By  Oliver  Onions.  12mo,  350 
pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Secret  of  the  Reef.  By  Harold  Bindloss.  With 
frontispiece,  12mo,  339  pages.  F.  A.  Stokes  Co. 
$1.30  net. 

A  Russian  Comedy  of  Errors:  With  Other  Stories 
and  Sketches  of  Russian  Life.  By  George  Ken- 
nan.  12mo,  331  pages.  Century  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Guimo.  By  Walter  Elwood.  With  frontispiece, 
12mo,  344  pages.  Reilly  &  Britton  Co.  $1.35  net. 

The  Good  Soldier:  A  Tale  of  Passion.  By  Ford 
Madox  Hueffer.  12mo,  294  pages.  John  Lane  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

Millie's  Mother.  By  Mary  J.  H.  Skrine.  With  fron- 
tispiece, 12mo,  339  pages.  Century  Co. 
$1.35  net. 

Contrary  Mary.  By  Temple  Bailey.  Illustrated  In 
color,  etc.,  12mo,  388  pages.  Penn  Publishing 
Co.  $1.25  net. 

Katy  Gaumer.  By  Elsie  Singmaster.  With  frontis- 
piece, 12mo,  336  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 
$1.35  net. 

Under  the  Tricolour.  By  Pierre  Mille.  Illustrated 
in  color,  12mo,  245  pages.  John  Lane  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

The  Happy  Recruit.  By  W.  Pett  Ridge.  12mo,  316 
pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Destiny's  Daughter.  By  Alice  Birkhead.  12mo,  352 
pages.  John  Lane  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Good  Shepherd.  By  John  Roland.  12mo,  341 
pages.  F.  A.  Stokes  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Before  the  Gringo  Came  ("Rezanov"  and  "The 
Doomswoman."  By  Gertrude  Atherton.  12mo, 
369  pages.  F.  A.  Stokes  Co.  $1.35  net. 

The  Trail  of  the  Waving  Palm.  By  Page  Philips. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  313  pages.  The  Macaulay  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

The  Bride  of  the  Sun.  By  Gaston  Leroux.  12mo, 
303  pages.  McBride,  Nast  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  4 


An    Emperor   In    the    Dock.      By    Willem    de    Veer. 

12mo,  320  pages.     John  Lane  Co.     $1.25  net. 
Sanpriel:     The  Promised  Land.     By  Alvilde   Prydz; 

translated   from   the   Norwegian   by  Hester  Cod- 

dington.     12mo,   316   pages.     Richard   G.   Badger. 

$1.25  net. 
The    Elder    Mi**    Ainsborough.      By    Marion    Ames 

Taggart.      With    frontispiece,    12mo,    237    pages. 

Benziger  Brothers.      $1.25   net. 
The    Son    of    the    Prefect.      By    Edmund    Hamilton 

Sears.      12mo,    449    pages.      Richard    G.    Badger. 

$1.25  net.  - 

"Works  of  Hugh  Walpole.  Uniform  edition,  com- 
prising: The  Prelude  to  Adventure;  The  Wooden 

Horse;    The   Gods  and   Mr.  Perrin;    Maradick   at 

Forty.     Each   12mo.     George   H.   Doran   Co.      Per 

volume,  $1.25  net. 
The    Rose    Garden    Husband.      By    Margaret    Wid- 

demer.     Illustrated,  12mo,  208  pages.     J.  B.  Lip- 

pincott  Co.     $1.   net. 
Amur-lily  of  Clothes-line  Alley.     By  Belle   K.   Mani- 

ates.    Illustrated,  12mo,  279  pages.    Little,  Brown 

&  Co.     $1.  net. 
The  Final  Verdict:    Six  Stories  of  Men  and  Women. 

By   Sidney   L.    Nyburg.      12mo,    221    pages.      J.    B. 

Lippincott  Co.     $1.   net. 

PUBLIC  AFFAIRS POLITICS,  SOCIOLOGY,  AND 

ECONOMICS. 

Reflections  on  Violence.  By  George  Sorel;  trans- 
lated from  the  French  by  T.  E.  Hulme.  Large 
8vo,  295  pages.  B.  W.  Huebsch.  $2.25  net. 

European  Police  Systems.  By  Raymond  B.  Fosdick. 
8vo,  442  pages.  Century  Co.  $1.30  net. 

The  Panama  Canal  and  International  Trade  Com- 
petition. By  Lincoln  Hutchinson.  Svo,  284 
pages,  Macmillan  Co.  $1.75  net. 

The  Political  Science  of  John  Adams:  A  Study  in 
the  Theory  of  Mixed  Government  and  the  Bi- 
cameral System.  By  Correa  Moylan  Walsh. 
Svo,  374  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $2.25  net. 

Town  Planning:  With  Special  Reference  to  the 
Birmingham  Schemes.  By  George  Cadbury,  Jr. 
Illustrated,  large  Svo,  201  pages.  Longmans, 
Green  &  Co.  $2.25  net. 

America  in  Ferment.  By  Paul  Leland  Haworth. 
12mo,  477  pages.  "  Problems  of  the  Nations." 
Bobbs-Merrill  Co. 

Problems  of  Community  Life:  An  Outline  of  Ap- 
plied Sociology.  By  Seba  Eldridge.  12mo,  180 
pages.  Thomas  Y.  Crowell  Co.  $1.  net. 

ftmile  Durkheim's  Contributions  to  Sociological 
Theory.  By  Charles  Elmer  Gehlke,  Ph.D.  Large 
Svo,  188  pages.  Columbia  University  Press. 
Paper,  $1.50  net. 

The  Present  Military  Situation  in  the  United  States. 
By  Francis  Vinton  Greene.  12mo,  102  pages. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  75  cts.  net. 

BOOKS   ABOUT  THE   AVAR. 

Paths  of  Glory:  Impressions  of  War  Written  at 
and  Near  the  Front.  By  Irvin  S.  Cobb.  12mo, 
414  pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co.  $1.50  net. 

The  Audacious  "War.  By  C.  W.  Barren.  12mo,  192 
pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Prussian  Hath  Said  in  His  Heart.  By  Cecil 
Chesterton;  with  Preface  by  George  Bernard 
Shaw.  12mo,  219  pages.  New  York:  Laurence 
J.  Gomme.  $1.  net. 

What  Is  Wrong  with  Germany?  By  William  Har- 
butt  Dawson.  12mo,  227  pages.  Longmans, 
Green  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  British  Navy  from  Within.  By  "Ex-Royal 
Navy."  12mo,  200  pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co. 
$1.  net. 

The  German  System  from  Within.  By  "  Ex-Intelli- 
gence Officer."  12mo,  195  pages.  George  H. 
Doran  Co.  $1.  net. 

Six  Weeks  at  the  "War.  By  Millicent,  Duchess  of 
Sutherland.  Illustrated,  12mo,  116  pages.  A.  C. 
McClurg  &  Co.  50  cts.  net. 

The  New  (German)  Testament:  Some  Texts  and  a 
Commentary.  By  Anthony  Hope  Hawkins. 
12mo,  65  pages.  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

While  the  War  Rages:  An  Appraisal  of  Some  Eth- 
ical Factors.  By  Henry  A.  Stimson.  12mo,  104 
pages.  The  Abingdon  Press.  50  cts.  net. 

The  Pocket  Books.  New  volumes:  Submarines, 
Mines,  and  Torpedoes  in  the  War,  by  Charles 
W.  Domville-Fife;  The  Slav  Nations,  by  Srgjan 
PI.  Tucic,  translated  by  Fanny  S.  Copeland; 
Motor  Transports  in  War,  by  Horace  Wyatt; 
each  illustrated,  16mo.  George  H.  Doran  Co. 
Per  volume,  50  cts.  net. 


TRAVEL  AND   DESCRIPTION. 

California  the  "Wonderful.  By  Edwin  Markham. 
Illustrated,  Svo,  395  pages.  Hearst's  Interna- 
tional Library  Co.  $2.50  net. 

With  the  Tin  Gods:  A  Woman's  Adventures  in 
Northern  Nigeria.  By  Mrs.  Horace  Tremlett. 
Illustrated,  large  Svo,  308  pages.  John  Lane  Co. 
$3.50  net. 

Four  on  a  Tour  in  England.  By  Robert  and  Eliza- 
beth Shackleton.  Illustrated,  Svo,  347  pages. 
Hearst's  International  Library  Co.  $2.50  net. 

SCIENCE     AND    ARCHAEOLOGY. 

The  Problem  of  Volcanlsm.  By  Joseph  P.  Iddings, 
Sc.D.  Illustrated,  large  Svo,  273  pages.  Yale 
University  Press.  $5.  net. 

/Kgean  Archaeology:  An  Introduction  to  the  Archae- 
ology of  Prehistoric  Greece.  By  H.  R.  Hall, 
F.S.A.  Illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  Svo,  270  pages. 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $3.75  net. 

Problems  of  American  Geology:  Lectures  Dealing 
with  Some  of  the  Problems  of  the  Canadian 
Shield  and  of  the  Cordilleras.  By  William 
North  Rice.  Illustrated  in  photogravure,  etc., 
large  Svo,  505  pages.  Yale  University  Press. 
$4.  net. 

Heredity  and  Environment  in  the  Development  of 
Men.  By  Edwin  Grant  Conklin.  Svo,  533  pages. 
Princeton  University  Press.  $2.  net. 

The  Determination  of  Sex.  By  L.  Don  caster,  Sc.D. 
Illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  Svo,  172  pages.  G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons. 

Reptiles  and  Batrachians.  By  E.  G.  Boulenger, 
F.Z.S.  Illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  large  Svo,  27S 
pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $6.  net. 

The  House-fly:  Its  Structure,  Habits,  Development, 
Relation  to  Disease  and  Control.  By  C.  Gordon 
Hewitt.  Illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  Svo,  382  pages. 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $4.40  net. 

The  Earth:  Its  Life  and  Death.  By  Alphonse 
Berget;  translated  from  the  French  by  E.  W. 
Barlow,  B.Sc.  Illustrated,  Svo,  371  pages.  G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons.  $1.75  net. 

The  Law  of  Biogenesis:  Being  Two  Lessons  on 
the  Origin  of  Human  Nature.  By  J.  Howard 
Moore.  16mo,  123  pages.  Charles  H.  Kerr  &  Co. 

ART,  ARCHITECTURE,  AND   MUSIC. 

The  Art  of  Landscape  Architecture:  Its  Develop- 
ment and  Its  Application  to  Modern  Landscape 
Gardening.  By  Samuel  Parsons.  Illustrated, 
large  Svo,  347  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 
$3.50  net. 

Vitruvius's  Ten  Books  on  Architecture.  Translated 
by  Morris  Hickey  Morgan;  with  illustrations 
and  original  designs  by  Herbert  Langford  War- 
ren. 4to,  319  pages.  Harvard  University  Press. 
$3.50  net. 

Sixty  Folksongs  of  France.  Edited  by  Julien  Tier- 
sot.  "The  Musician's  Library."  4to,  157  pages. 
Oliver  Ditson  Co.  Paper. 

Seven  Songs  from  Out-of-doors:  For  Children  Big 
and  Little.  By  Alberta  N.  Burton.  4to,  31 
pages.  Oliver  Ditson  Co.  Paper,  $1.  net. 

PHILOSOPHY  AND   ETHICS. 

What  Nietzsche  Taught.  By  Willard  Huntington 
Wright.  With  portrait,  large  Svo,  333  pages. 
B.  W.  Huebsch.  $2.  net. 

What  Ought  I  to  Do?  An  Inquiry  into  the  Nature 
and  Kinds  of  Virtue  and  Into  the  Sanctions, 
Aims,  and  Values  of  the  Moral  Life.  By  George 
Trumbull  Ladd,  LL.D.  12mo,  311  pages.  Long- 
mans, Green  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Amerian  Thought:  From  Puritanism  to  Pragma- 
tism. By  Woodbridge  Riley,  Ph.D.  Svo,  373 
pages.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Practical  Mysticism:  A  Little  Book  for  Normal 
People.  By  Evelyn  Underbill.  12mo,  169  pages. 
E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

Genetic  Theory  of  Reality:  Being  the  Outcome  of 
Genetic  Logic  as  Issuing  in  the  Esthetic  Theory 
of  Reality  Called  Pancalism.  By  James  Mark 
Baldwin.  Svo,  335  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons 
$2.  net. 

The  Greek  Philosophers.  By  Alfred  William  Benn. 
Second  edition;  large  Svo,  619  pages.  E.  P. 
Dutton  &  Co.  $6.  net. 

What  Is  Adaptation?  By  R.  E.  Lloyd,  D.Sc.  Svo, 
110  pages.  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

Shall  I  Drink?  By  Joseph  H.  Crocker.  12mo,  213 
pages.  Pilgrim  Press.  $1.  net. 

Know  Thyself.  By  Bernardino  Varisco;  trans- 
lated from  the  Italian  by  Guglielmo  Salvadori, 
Ph.D.  Large  Svo,  327  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 

The  Practice  of  Self-culture.  By  Hugh  Black. 
12mo,  262  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  50  cts.  net. 


1915 


THE    DIAL 


161 


RELIGION   AND   THEOLOGY. 

The  Iliulior  Individualism.  By  Edward  Scribner 
Ames.  12mo,  162  pages.  Houghton  Mlfflin  Co. 
$1.10  net. 

Modern  Religious  Movements  in  India.  By  J.  N. 
Farquhar.  Illustrated,  large  Svo,  471  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  $2.50  net. 

The  Rise  of  Modern  Religious  Ideas.  By  Arthur 
Cushman  McGiffert.  12mo,  315  pages.  Mac- 
millan Co.  $1.50  net. 

The  Church  of  England  and  Episcopacy.  By  A.  J. 
Mason,  D.D.  Large  Svo,  560  pages.  G.  P.  Put- 
nam's Sons. 

Deliverance:  The  Freeing  of  the  Spirit  in  the 
Ancient  World.  By  Henry  Osborn  Taylor,  Litt.D. 
12mo,  294  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Is  Death  the  End?  By  John  Haynes  Holmes.  12mo, 
382  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.50  net. 

The  Reconstruction  of  the  Church:  With  Regard 
to  Its  Message  and  Program.  By  Paul  Moore 
Strayer.  12mo,  309  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$1.50  net. 

The  Psalms  in  Human  Life.  .  By  Rowland  E. 
Prothero,  M.V.O.  New  and  enlarged  edition, 
Svo,  417  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

The  Stewardship  of  Faith:  Our  Heritage  from 
Early  Christianity.  By  Kirsopp  Lake.  Svo,  237 
pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.50  net. 

The  Episcopal  Church:  Its  Faith  and  Order.  By 
George  Hodges.  12mo,  204  pages.  Macmillan 
Co.  $1.25  net. 

In  the  Service  of  the  King:  A  Parson's  Story.  By 
Joseph  B.  Dunn.  Svo,  158  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons.  $1.25  net. 

Geographic  Influences  in  Old  Testament  Master- 
pieces. By  Laura  H.  Wild.  12mo,  182  pages. 
Ginn  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

Jesus  and  Politics:  An  Essay  towards  an  Ideal. 
By  Harold  B.  Shepheard,  M.A.;  with  Introduc- 
tion by  Vida  D.  Scudder.  12mo,  145  pages.  E.  P. 
Dutton  &  Co.  $1.  r.et. 

What  Is  Christian  Science?  By  Thomas  W.  Wilby. 
12mo,  183  pages.  John  Lane  Co.  75  cts.  net. 

The  Place  of  Prayer  in  the  Christian  Religion.  By 
James  M.  Campbell.  12mo,  303  pages.  Methodist 
Book  Concern.  $1.  net. 

The  Incomparable  Christ.  By  Calvin  Weiss  Laufer. 
12mo,  228  pages.  The  Abingdon  Press.  $1.  net. 

A  Boy's  Religion.  By  Edwin  Holt  Hughes.  16mo, 
119  pages.  Methodist  Book  Concern.  50cts.net. 

EDUCATION. 

The  General  Education  Board:  An  Account  of  Its 
Activities,  1902-1914.  Illustrated  in  photo- 
gravure, etc.,  Svo,  240  pages.  New  York:  Gen- 
eral Education  Board. 

School  Hygiene.  By  Leo  Burgerstein,  LL.D. ;  trans- 
lated from  the  German  by  Beatrice  L.  Stevenson 
and  Anna  L.  Von  der  Osten.  Illustrated,  12mo, 
188  pages.  F.  A.  Stokes  Co.  $1.  net. 

An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Government.  By 
Lucius  Hudson  Holt,  Ph.D.  Svo,  388  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  $2.  net. 

Occasional  Addresses.  By  Brainerd  Kellogg,  LL.D. 
12mo,  214  pages.  Charles  E.  Merrill  Co.  Paper, 
$1.  net. 

Historical  Essays  on  Apprenticeship  and  Vocational 
Education.  By  Jonathan  French  Sf>ott,  Ph  D 
Svo,  96  pages.  Ann  Arbor:  University  of  Michi- 
gan. Paper. 

Outlines  and  Summaries:  A  Handbook  for  the 
Analysis  of  Expository  Essays.  By  Norman 
Foerster.  12mo,  105  pages.  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

Food:  What  It  Is  and  Does.  By  Edith  Greer.  Il- 
lustrated, 12rno,  251  pages.  Ginn  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  British  Isles.  By  Frederick  Mort,  D.Sc.  Illus- 
trated, Svo,  231  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

Menne  im  Seebad.  Von  Hans  Arnold.  Edited  by 
May  Thomas,  Ph.D.  With  frontispiece,  16mo, 
102  pages.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.  30  cts.  net. 

BOOKS    FOR   THE    YOUNG. 

Heroes  of  Peace.  By  F.  J.  Gould;  with  Introduc- 
tion by  G.  P.  Gooch,  M.A.  Illustrated,  12mo,  119 
pages.  "  Brave  Citizens."  Harper  &  Brothers. 
75  cts.  net. 

World  Stories  Retold  for  Modern  Boys  and  Girls. 
By  William  James  Sly,  Ph.D.  Illustrated  In 
color,  etc.,  12mo,  294  pages.  Griffith  &  Rowland 
Press.  $1.  net. 

How  Charlie  Became  King:  A  Story  of  a  Real  Boy. 
By  Mrs.  O.  W.  Scott.  With  frontispiece,  12mo, 
95  pages.  American  Tract  Society. 

The  Young  Rival  Inventors.  By  Gardner  Hunting. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  295  pages.  Little,  Brown  & 
Co.  $1.  net. 


War  Babies.  By  Annie  Wood  Franchot.  Illus- 
trated in  color,  etc.,  large  Svo,  61  pages.  Olean, 
N.  Y.:  Published  by  the  author.  $1.25  net. 

A  Garden  Party.  By  Annie  W.  Franchot.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  40  pages.  Olean,  N.  Y.:  Published 
by  the  author.  50  cts.  net. 

George  Washington:  A  Story  and  a  Play.  By 
Mary  Hazelton  Wade.  12mo,  91  pages.  Richard 
G.  Badger.  60  cts.  net. 

The  Bedtime  Story-books.  By  Thornton  W.  Bur- 
gess. New  volumes:  The  Adventures  of  Danny 
Meadow  Mouse;  The  Adventures  of  Grandfather 
Frog.  Each  illustrated,  16mo.  Little,  Brown  & 
Co.  Per  volume,  50  cts.  net. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  American  Year  Book:  A  Record  of  Events  and 
Progress,  1914.  Edited  by  Francis  G.  Wickware, 
B.Sc.  Svo,  862  pages.  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

Accounts:  Their  Construction  and  Interpretation. 
By  William  Morse  Cole,  A.M.  Revised  and  en- 
larged edition;  large  Svo,  445  pages.  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co.  $2.25  net. 

The  Story  of  Bethlehem  Hospital  from  Its  Founda- 
tion in  1247.  By  Edward  Geoffrey  O'Donoghue. 
Illustrated,  large  Svo,  427  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton 
&  Co.  $5.  net. 

Classified  Catalogue  of  the  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh,  1907-1911.  Third  Series;  in  3  vol- 
umes, large  Svo.  Pittsburgh:  Carnegie  Library. 
$8.  net. 

Advertising:  The  Social  and  Economic  Problem. 
By  George  French.  Svo,  258  pages.  New  York: 
The  Ronald  Press  Co. 

The  Home  University  Library.  New  volumes:  The 
Navy  and  Sea  Power,  by  David  Hannay;  An  Out- 
line of  Russian  Literature,  by  Maurice  Baring; 
The  Ancient  East,  by  D.  G.  Hogarth,  F.S.A. 
Each  16mo.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  Per  volume. 
50  cts.  net. 

Our  Martyr  President:  Lincoln  Memorial  Addresses. 
New  edition;  with  frontispiece,  12mo,  319  pages. 
The  Abingdon  Press.  $1.  net. 

Perlcla  Navarchi  Magonls.  By  Leo  Carun.  Svo, 
336  pages.  Published  by  the  author. 

Seventh  Report  of  the  Iowa  Library  Commission 
Made  to  the  Governor  of  Iowa,  1912-1914.  Illus- 
trated, Svo,  26  pages.  Des  Moines:  Robert  Hen- 
derson. 


AFTER  DEATH  IN  ARABIA.  By  Sir  Edwin  Arnold. 
Ribbon-tied  booklet,  3%  X4%  inches.  Single  copies,  25  cents.  One 
dozen,  $2.00,  postpaid,  on  receipt  of  price.  POMEROY  GREEN,  120 
West  Elm  Street,  Chicago. 


WILLIAM  DOXEY 

AUTHORS'  AND  PUBLISHERS'  LITERARY  AGENT 

535  S.WABASH  AVENUE,  CHICAGO 


CORRESPONDENCE  INVITED 


"SHORTTYPING" 

is  a  new  and  unique  system  of  abbreviated  writing  which  can  be 
written  either  with  a  pen  or  on  a  typewriter.  By  its  assistance  an 
hour's  typewriting  can  be  done  in  thirty  minutes.  Invaluable  for 
those  who  feel  the  need  of  saving  time  in  writing,  but  who  lack 
the  time  needed  to  master  stenography. 

Price,  doth  bound,  $1.25,  fottfaiJ. 

Descriptive  circular  free  upon  request. 

BLUE  STAR  PUBLISHING  CO..  261  Broadway,  New  York 


The  Study- Guide  Series 

FOR  USE  IN  HIGH  SCHOOLS:    The  Study  o!  Ivanhoe,  The  Study  of  Four 

Idylls.    Send  for  special  price-list. 
FOR  STUDY  CLUBS:    Study-Guides  arranged   for  use  with  traveling 

libraries,  town  libraries,  etc.    Subjects:  Historical  Novels  and 

Plays  of  Shakespeare,  Idylls  of  the  Kind,  etc. 

FOR  THE  TEACHERS  OF  PRIMARY  GRADES :    Motor  Work  and  Formal  Studies. 
H.  A.  DAVIDSON,  The  Study-Guide  Series.  Cambridge,  Mass. 


162 


[  March  4 


MRS.  RACHEL  WEST  CLEMENT 

Experienced  Authors'  Agent,  Reader  and  Critic,  Specializing  in  Short 

Stories.     Reading  lee,  $1.00  for  5,000  words  or  under,  includes  short 

criticism.  Circulars  on  request. 

6646  Germantown  Ave.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


ART  vs.  PROFIT 

Do  you  wish  to  succeed  at  writing?  Then  forget  that  you  want 
to  make  money  out  of  it,  and  devote  yourself  to  doing  your  work 
well;  thus  will  you  achieve  artistic  excellence,  and  profit  will 
follow.  Let  us  send  you  free  our  beautiful  correspondence-study 
catalogue.  The  sight  of  it  is  an  aesthetic  tonic;  its  contents  will 
be  a  revelation  to  you.  We  offer  over  100  courses  for  the  writer. 

School  of  Literary  Craftsmanship  and  Aesthetics 

WASHINGTON.  D.  C. 


ART  IN  AMERICA 

FOR  FEBRUARY  NOW  READY 
Contains 

VENETIAN  PAINTINGS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 

By  Bernhard  Berenson 

SCULPTURES  FROM  VERROCCHIO'S  WORKSHOP 

By  Osvald  Siren 
REMBRANDT  PEALE'S  PORTRAIT  OF  HOUDON 

By  Charles  Henry  Hart 
THE  BLAIR  COLLECTION,  CHICAGO 

By  Garrett  Chatfield  Pier 
THE  LANDSCAPE  OF  HOMER  MARTIN 

By  Frederic  Fairchild  Sherman 

$5.00  a  year.   (Foreign  postage  60  cts.)   $1.00  a  copy. 


1790  BROADWAY 


NEW  YORK  CITY 


Library  School 

of  the 

New  York  Public  Library 

Entrance  examinations,  June  4. 
One  year  course  for  certificate. 
Two  year  course  for  diploma. 

Send  to  M.  W.  PLUMMER,  Principal, 
476  Fifth  Avenue,  for  descriptive  circular 


OUR  NEW  CLEARANCE 
CATALOGUE 


NOW  READY 


Issued  in  a  New  Form.     Contains  Over  750 
Titles.     Every  Title  Briefly  Described. 

In  so  great  a  number  of  books,  taken  from  the  over- 
stock of  the  largest  wholesale  dealers  in  the  books  of 
all  publishers,  you  will  surely  find  some  you  will 
want.  Shall  we  send  you  a  copy  of  the  Clearance 
Catalogue? 

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO. 

33-37  East  Seventeenth  Street          Union  Square  North 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


The 
Guide 
to  the 
New 
Books 


The  A.  L.  A.  Booklist, 

the  annotated  monthly 
magazine  published  by 
the  American  Library 
Association  with  the 
co-operation  of  special- 
ists the  country  over. 

One  Dollar  the  Year 

78  EastWashington 
Street  Chicago 


LOOSE-LEAF  DEVICES 
for  LIBRARY  RECORDS 

Make  your  work  easier,  quicker,  better.     Use 

Loose  -  Leaf    Accession    Records 
and  Borrowers'  Registers 

They    are  made  to  be  used  in  a  typewriter.     For 

your  library  this  means 
Economy     Speed     Accuracy     Neatness 

Order  from 
LIBRARY  SUPPLIES  DEPARTMENT 

DEMOCRAT  PRINTING  COMPANY 

MADISON,  WIS. 


THE  GREAT  TURNING  MOVEMENT 

of  modern  times 


is  to 
"JUST  TURN  THE  KNOB"  on  the 

MULTIPLEX  HAMMOND 

and  change  instantly  from  one  style  of  type,  or  one  lan- 
guage, to  another. 

TWO  STYLES  OF  TYPE,  or  two  languages,  ALWAYS 
ON  THE  MACHINE. 

"The  Favorite  Typewriter  of  Literary  Workers." 
Write  TO-DAY  for  Multiplex  Literature  to 

The  Hammond  Typewriter  Company 


69th  Street  and  East  River 


NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


163 


FM      HOI    I  Y   AUTHORS'   AND  PUBLISHERS' 
.  1V1 .    I!  VF  1*1*  I  REPRESENTATIVE 

156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  (  KtlabittHrd  190SJ 

RATES  AND  FULL  INFORMATION  WILL  BE  SENT  ON  REQUEST 


THE  NEW  YORK  BUREAU  OF  REVISION 

Thirty-fifth  Year.  LETTERS  OF  CRITICISM,  EXPERT 
REVISION  OF  MSS.  Advice  as  to  publication.  Address 
DR.  TITUS  M.  CO  AN,  424  W.  1 19th  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


AUTHORS! 


We  can  sell  your  stories,  poems,  etc. 
Terms,  15%.     Also  expert  criticism, 
revision  and  typing  of  MSS.  Write  for 
circular.    W.  LABBERTON  CO.,  1308  Hoe  Ave.,  New  York  City. 


FACTS,  STATISTICS 

and  other  material  for  addresses,  reports,  essays.  Literrry 
advice  and  criticism.  Revision  and  correction  of  MSS.  Gen 
ealogical  research.  Bureau  of  Research,  New  Albany,  1ml. 

MANUSCRIPTS 
CRITICISED       REVISED        PLACED 

N.  SHEPPARD 

149  WEST  14TH  STREET  NEW  YORK  CITY 

If  you  want  results  send  stamp  for  circular 


American  Short  Stories  and  Plays  wanted  for  Italy.  Russia, 
France.  Austria  and  Scandinavia. 

Expert  Criticism,  Translation  and  the  Placing  of  Manuscripts. 
Oldest    Established  Literary  Agency  in  Europe. 
(Founded  in  1880  by  Paul  Hertzmann,  M.  A.,  Ph.  D.) 

Fees  (which  must  accompany  typed  manuscript  in  registered  letter)  as  follows: 
Two  dollars  for  Short  Story  under  3,000  words.     Five  dollars  for  Story  under 

10/00  words.     Ten  dollars  for  plays. 
THE  ITALIAN  LITERARY  AGENCY 

60  Piazza  di  Spagna,  Rome,  Italy 
"Experienced,  efficient."  Gabriele  D'Annunzio. 


MSS.  SUCCESSFULLY  PLACED 

Criticised,  Revised,  Typed 

Send  for  Leaflet  D 

References: 
Edwin  Markham  and  others.    Established  1890. 

UNITED  LITERARY  PRESS,  123  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 


Short -Story  Writing 

A  Course  of  forty  lessons  in  the  history, 
form,   structure,   and  writing:  of  the 
Short-Story   taught   by   Dr.   J.   Berg 
Esenwein,  Editor  of  Lippincott's  Magazine. 
One  student  writes:     "I  know  that  you  will 
be  pleased  when  I  tell  you  that  I  have  just 
received  a  check  forf  125  from  'Everybody'*' 
for  a  humorous  story.     They  ask  for  more. 


Dr.  Eienweln 


/  am  feeling  aery  happy,  and  very  grateful  to 
Dr.  Esenwein.' 

Also  courses  in  Photoplay  Writing,  V< 

fication   and  Poetics,  Journalism.     In 

over  One  Hundred  Courses,  under  profes 
sors  in  Harvard,  Brown,  Cornell,  and  other 
leading  colleges. 


ersi- 
all, 


250- Page  Catalog  Free.     Please  Address 

The  Home  Correspondence  School 

Dept.  571  Springfield,  Mau. 


BOOKS  (Secondhand )  Catalogues,  including  Americana,  post  free 
K.  ATKINSON,  97  Suuderiand  Road,  Forest  Hill,  LONDON,  ENG. 

ROOK"^       ALL   OUT-OF-PRINT    BOOKS    SUPPLIED. 

UWV/1X4J,  no  matter  on  what  subject.  Write  us.  We  can  get 
you  any  book  ever  published.  Please  state  wants.  Catalogue  free. 
BAKER'S  GREAT  BOOK  SHOP.  14-16  Blight  St.,  BIBMINOHAM,  ENO. 

DflfllfC  Over  1,000,000  volumes  second  hand  at  half  price.  New, 
E»v^V^IV»J  26%  discount.  State  wants.  Catalogue  free.  Books 
bought.  FOYLE,  121  Charing  Cross  Road,  London,  England. 

SECOND-HAND  BOOKS.    General  Literature,   ist  Editions. 

Enquiries  esteemed.     Frequent  catalogues  post  free. 

GORFIN.  82A,  CHARING  CROSS  ROAD.  LONDON.  W.  C. 

W.  HEFFER  &  SONS,  LTD. 

BOOKSELLERS 

CAMBRIDGE,  ENGLAND 

Just  issued,  Catalogue  No.  130.  History,  Philosophy,  Theology, 
Literature  and  Travel.  Catalogue  No.  131.  Books  on  India,  Central 
Asia,  The  Sudan,  etc.  Classified  catalogues  issued  regularly.  Let 
us  register  your  name  for  catalogues,  and  send  us  your  List  of 
Wants.  We  carry  an  immense  stock. 


The  Advertising  Representative  of  THE  DIAL 
in  England  is 

MR.  DAVID  H.  BOND 

407.  Bank  Chambers.  Chancery  Lane,  London,  W.  C., 

who  can  furnish  full  information  regarding  rates,  etc., 
and  through  whom  advertising  orders  may  be  sent. 


CATALOGUE  of  UNCOMMON  BOOKS 

Relating  to  the  American  Revolution,  Civil  War, 
Indians,  Lincoln,  Canada,  Etc. 

CATALOGUE  OF 

FIRST  EDITIONS  of  ENGLISH  and 
AMERICAN  AUTHORS 

Sent  on  request 

C.  GERH  ARDT  &  CO.,  1 20  East  59th  St.,  New  York 


13 ARE  books  and  first  editions  collected 
•*-^-  and  arranged  for  people  who  are  too 
busy  to  attend  to  the  forming  of  libraries. 

Address  E.  V.,  Boston  Transcript 
BOSTON,  MASS. 


ONE  OF  OUR  BOOK  BARGAINS 

Pausanias's 
Description  of  Greece 

Published  Price,  $35.00,  Our  Price,  $18.50 

THE  H.  R.  HUNTTING  CO.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


OF  CELEBRITIES   BOUGHT  AND  SOLD 

Send  for  price  lists 

Walter  R.  Benjamin,  225  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 
Established  1887.    Pub.  The  Collector,  fl.  a  year 


Hinds  and  Noble.  31-33-35  West  15th  St.,  N.  Y.  City.    Write  for  Catalogue. 


164 


THE    DIAL 


March  4 


The 

M     Mosher 
Books 


That  little  company  to  whom  literature  is  a 
passion — an  affair  of  the  heart  more  than  of 
the  head — will  find  keen  pleasure  in  the  new 

Mosher  Catalogue 

It  is  more  than  a  mere  catalogue — it  is  a 
literary  bibelot,  full  of  good  things,  and 
beautifully  printed. 

Free  on  request 


THOMAS  BIRD  MOSHER 

Portland,  Maine 


A  New  Novel  for  Discriminating  Readers 
by  the  Author  of  "Old  Mole" 

Young  Earnest 

By  GILBERT  CANNAN 

Mr.  Cannan's  new  novel  will  scarcely 
appeal  to  the  average  reader,  for  it  is  not  an 
average  novel.  But  the  intelligent  reader 
will  find  it  wonderfully  interesting  and 
intellectually  stimulating.  It  is  a  remark- 
able characterization  of  a  young  man  whose 
ideals  are  just  beginning  to  crystallize,  and 
his  groping  search  for  perfect  happiness  in 
love  and  work.  It  is  the  kind  of  book  one 
likes  to  read  slowly,  for  every  page  is  full  of 
charm,  insight,  and  wisdom. 

"  It  is  far  the  best  novel  that  Mr.  Cannan  has  yet 
written — an  admirable  piece  of  work." — Pall  Mall 
Gazette. 

"Mr.  Cannan  is  a  master  in  the  art  of  dissecting 
human  emotions." — New  York  Times. 

"A  fine  imaginative  insight  and  an  honest  facing 
of  reality  and  its  problems  combine  to  give  unusual 
distinction  to  Young  Earnest.  "-^-Chicago  Evening  Post. 

"Full  of  admirable  observation,  clearness  of  vision, 
subtle  interpretation.  A  work  women  should  read,  for 
they  will  learn  much  about  the  other  sex,  reputed 
easy  to  understand." — The  English  Review. 

By  the  Author  of  "Round  the  Corner" 
$1.35  net.         At  all  Booksellers.        Postage  extra. 

D.  APPLETON  &  COMPANY 
PUBLISHERS  NEW  YORK 


"AT  McCLURG'S" 

It  is  of  interest  and  importance 
to  Librarians  to  know  that  the 
books  reviewed  and  advertised 
in  this  magazine  can  be  pur- 
chased from  us  at  advantageous 
prices  by 

Public  Libraries,  Schools, 
Colleges  and  Universities 

In  addition  to  these  books  we 
have  an  exceptionally  large 
stock  of  the  books  of  all  pub- 
lishers—a more  complete  as- 
sortment than  can  be  found  on 
the  shelves  of  any  other  book- 
store in  the  entire  country.  We 
solicit  correspondence  from 
librarians  unacquainted  with 
our  facilities. 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 

A.C.  McClurg  &  Co.,  Chicago 


'Will  Save  the  Public  Many 
a  Dollar.  "-PHILA.  RECORD. 

THE  CAREFUL 
INVESTOR 

By  EDWARD  SHERWOOD  MEAD,  PH.  D. 

Professor  of  Finance,  University  of  Pennsylvania 

290  pages,  $1.50  net,  postage  extra 


Portland  Oregonian: 

"A  valuable  book  for  the  general  public." 
Commercial  and  Financial  World,  N.  Y.  C.: 

"Another  exceptionally  timely  book.  .  .  What 
Dr.  Mead  has  to  say  will  come  as  a  revelation  to 
numbers  of  readers  who  have  speculated,  or  who 
may  be  tempted  to  speculate,  in  Wall  Street,  or  to 
take  an  interest  in  this,  that  or  the  other  'scheme.' 
It  is  well  written  and  of  absorbing  interest." 


J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS  PHILADELPHIA 


1915] 


THE    DIAL, 


165 


The  New  American  Quarterly 

THE  YALE  REVIEW 

"has  earned  the  place  it  now  occupies 
beside  the  great  English  monthlies  and 

quarterlies It  is  serious,  but 

never  ponderous." — Neiv  York  Tribune. 
"Quarterlies  are  ...  useful  in  afford- 
ing publication  to  articles  that  deserve  it, 
but  are  too  long  or  too  wise  for  the  more 
popular  magazines.  THE  YALE  REVIEW 
is  an  excellent  new  quarterly,  handsome 
and  interesting." — Life. 


Alfred  Noyes 
Robert  Herrick 
II  ami  in  Garland 
Norman  Angell 
Lady  Gregory 
Florence  V.  Keys 
John  Burroughs 

Henry  Sydnor 


Bliss  Perry 
Havelock  Ellis 
Emile  Legouis 
Hilaire  Belloc 
C.  P.  Jacks 
Morris  Hillquit 
VidaD.Scudder 
Harrison 


A  post-card,  mentioning  THE  DIAL,  will 
bring  you  in  return  an  eight-page  prospec- 
tus of  THE  YALE  REVIEW  of  1915,  and 
a  sample  copy.  Your  subscription,  prepaid  at 
$2.50  a  year,  can  begin  with  the  April  num- 
ber, issued  next  month.  Address 

THE  YALE  PUBLISHING  ASSN. 

NEW  HAVEN,  CONN. 


Can  You  Imagine 

a  friend,  interested  as  you  are  in  all  kinds  of 
literary  work,  who  would  come  to  you  fort- 
nightly to  discuss  your  writing  in  frank, 
common-sense  fashion? 

This  friend  would  not  talk  too  much  at  each  visit.  He 
would  not  keep  you  top  long  from  your  new  story  or  essay 
or  poem.  His  friendships  among  other  writers — successful 
and  aspiring  to  be  successful — and  among  editors  would 
be  such  that  he  would  refine  for  you,  in  preparation  for 
each  visit,  practical,  helpful  advice  from  these  folk  that 
would  send  you  to  your  desk  with  a  new  outlook  on  your 
work  and  new  inspiration  to  make  it  more  successful. 
This  friend  would  look  carefully  over  about  i  ,000  magazines 
each  month  to  discover  for  you  news  that  would  enaole  you 
to  keep  abreast  of  th'e  manuscript  requirements  of  editors. 
He  would  find  correspondents  who  would  glean  2,000  more 
magazines  and  papers  for  you  so  that  you  would  always 
know  in  advance  of  prize  contests,  changes  in  editorial 
policies,  suspensions,  changes  of  address,  requirements  of 
new  publications,  film  manufacturers,  etc.  Your  imagina- 
tion goes  no  further.  A  friend  of  this  admirable  type  would 
have  to  be  superhuman. 

There  is  such  a  friend — it's  a  very  human,  kindly 
little  magazine— THE  EDITOR,  which  mak;es 
profitable  and  pleasant  fortnightly  visits  to  the  elect 
of  the  writing  fraternity.  Be  one  of  the  elect  —  one 
of  those  who  elect  to  leave  nothing  undone  that  will 
contribute  to  success.  The  fee  is  $2.00  —  it  pays 
for  26  fortnightly  numbers  of  THE  EDITOR  for 
one  year.  (Single  copy  ten  cents.) 

THE  EDITOR 

BOX  509  RIDGEWOOD,  NEW  JERSEY 


1  he  House  of  bhepard 


The  home  of 

The  Dial 

Books  of  the  Month 

The  Inland  Printer 

Business  Equipment  Journal 

Extension  Magazine 


WE  ARE  EXCEPTIONALLY  WELL-EQUIPPED 
FOR  THE  SPEEDY  PRODUCTION  OF  EVERY 
PHASE  OF  HIGH-GRADE  PRINTING 


Creative  Service 

Campaign  Planning          Copy-writing          Editing          Compiling 
Research  and  investigation  for  advertising  purposes 

Designing  Engraving 

Photo  Process  on  Zinc  and  Copper  in  Line  and  Half-tone 

Wood  Engraving  Wax  Engraving 

Steel  and  Copper  Plate  Engraving  and  Printing 

Typesetting 
Monotype,  Linotype  and  Hand  Composition 

Presswork 

Flat-Bed  and  Automatic 
Magazines,  Catalogs,  Books  and  Color-Printing 

Hot  and  Cold  Embossing 

Stippling 
Exceptional  Facilities  for  Highest-Grade  Work 

Binding 

De  Luxe  Editions  Pamphlets  and  Blank  Books 

Hand  and  Machine  Sewed  Books  Stamping  Perforating 

Punching  Ruling          Casemaking  and  Finishing 

Addressing  and  Mailing 


CORRESPONDENCE  IS  INVITED 

THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY 
632  SHERMAN  STREET  CHICAGO 


166 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  4 


|gp3SEND  FIFTY  CENTS   IN   STAMPS    FOR  THREE  MONTHS'  TRIAL  SUBSCRIPTION 

THE  FORUM 

FOR  MARCH  IS  NOW  READY 


THE   WAR   AGAINST  WAR.     Winthrop  D. 
Sheldon. 

CONCERNING   FATHERLANDS.     Elmer  Davis. 
YOUNG  ARABIA.     Ameen  Rihani. 

THE  RELIGION  OF  DEMOCRACY.    Henry  W 

Wright. 

INDIFFERENCE.     Edna  St.  Vincent  Millay. 

UNLAWFUL  MOTHERHOOD.     George  B.  Man- 
gold. 

CULTURE,  ETHICS,  AND  THE  WAR.     Joseph 
Alexander  Leighton. 

REALIZATION.     Mahlon  Leonard  Fisher. 
THE  QUIET  LIFE.     J.  Albert  Pierce. 

MITCHELL  KENNERLEY 


TOWARD   THE    UNDERSTANDING   OF 
YOUTH.     George  F.  Kearney. 

THE  GENTLE  RACE  OF  GENTLEMAN- 
FETTERS.     Lucy  Abbot  Throop. 

ON  THE  STREET.     Witter  Bynner. 

THE  GERMAN  BERNARD  SHAW.  H.  F.  Rubin- 
stein. 

THE    LITERACY  TEST.      The    Hon.    James    A. 
O' Gorman. 

ROBERT  BRIDGES'  NARCISSUS.    Cora  Davis. 
EIGHT  HUNDRED  RUBLES.     John  G.  Neihardt 
EDITORIAL  NOTES. 

Publisher,  NEW  YORK 


CONCLUSIVE  THINKING 

on  urgent  subjects  now  facing  individuals  and  nations 

CHRISTIAN  EQUIVALENT  OF  WAR  156  pp.     Cloth.     50  cents  net 

D.  WILLARD  LYON 

A  study  in  the  elemental  factors  in  the  use  of  force,  in  response  to  the  insistent  call  for  larger  and 
more  conclusive  thinking  regarding  the  application  of  the  principles  of  Jesus  Christ  to  international 
and  inter-racial  relationships. 

POPULAR  AMUSEMENTS  RICHARD  HENRY  EDWARDS  240  pp.     Cloth.     $1.00  net 

"All  interested  in  recreation  will  be  impressed  by  the  unique  method  of  the  author,  as  he  measures  the  extent,  characteristics 
and  morals  of  commercial  amusements  and  considers  the  causes  of  the  unsatisfactory  situation.  Promptings  are  given, for 
investigating  local  conditions  and  developing  a  recreational  program  for  the  community." — GRAHAM  TAYLOR. 

CHRISTIANITY  AND  AMUSEMENTS  158pp.     Art  leather.     50  cents  net 

RICHARD  HENRY  EDWARDS 

"No  such  systematic  and  adequate  treatment  of  Christian  principles  in  relation  to  amusements  has  been  attempted  hitherto. 
Primary  emphasis  is  placed  on  a  formative  ideal,  a  constructive  method  and  a  positive  program. " — GRAHAM  TAYLOR. 

CARTOONS  IN  CHARACTER  ALLYN  K.  FOSTER,  D.D.  200  pp.     Cloth.     50  cents  net 

Sharp  pen  pictures  of  well  known  human  traits.  The  author  hits  straight  from  the  shoulder,  and  his  description  of  Willie 
Wilts,  Kit  Kalamity,  Toby  Tight  and  more  than  fifty  others  will  bring  a  laugh  and  incite  to  wholesome  self-examination. 

PIONEERS  OF  MODERN  PHYSICAL  TRAINING  160pp.     Illustrated.     Cloth.     $1.00  net 

FRED  E.  LEONARD 

An  introduction  to  the  history  of  physical  training,  clearly  tracing  the  significant  steps  in  the  evolution  to  present  forms.  It 
gives  valuable  perspective  in  solving  modern  physical  problems.  A  fine  manual  for  use  in  training  schools. 


32-page  Catalog  sent  on 
request. 


ASSOCIATION  PRESS 


NEW  YORK,  124  East  28th  Street 
LONDON,  47  Paternoster  Row,  E.  C. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


167 


RE  PUB  LIC 

Published   WZehly 
Saturday  7th  November   1914 


A  Weekly  Journal  of 

Critical  Comment  on 

National  Affairs 


TEN  CENTS  A  COPY 
FOUR  DOLLARS  A  YEAR 


Have  You  Ever  Regretted 

that  there  is  in  this  country  no  weekly  review  so 
stimulating,  so  constructive,  so  truly  literary  as  the 
Spectator  and  the  New  Statesman,  which  have  so 
long  proved  a  delight  and  an  inspiration  in  England? 

If  so,  you  will  be  interested  in  The  New  Republic. 
It  is  an  honest  attempt  to  deal  imaginatively  and 
constructively  with  the  momentous  issues  of  this 
momentous  time,  whether  in  politics,  art,  economics, 
or  literature.  Its  editors  include  such  men  as  Herbert 
Croly,  author  of  "The  Promise  of  American  Life," 
and  Walter  Lippman,  author  of  "A  Preface  to  Pol- 
itics" and  "Drift  and  Mastery" — its  contributors 
such  writers  as  H.  G. Wells,  Roland  G.  Usher, 
Rebecca  West,  Robert  Herrick,  Graham 
Wallas,  H.  N.  Brailsford. 

Three  months  trial  offer,  one  dollar. 

THE  NEW  REPUBLIC 

421  West  Twenty-First  Street 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


cy  TH  E  T>  i  AL  wittk 


168 


THE    DIAL 


March  4,  1915 


Dodd,  Mead  &  Company 

FOURTH  AVENUE  AND  THIRTIETH  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

Announce  for  Publication  During  Spring  of  1915 


Essays  and  Poetry 

BRAMBLE-BEES  AND  OTHERS 

By  J.  Henri  Fabre 

In  which  the  author  discusses  Bees  in  the  same 
accurate  and  delightful  manner  that  has  made  his 
"Life  of  the  Spider"  and  "Life  of  the  Fly" 
classics  of  their  kind.  izmo.  $1.50  net. 

POEMS 

.   By  Maurice  Maeterlinck 

Introducing  to  the  American  public  a  collec- 
tion of  early  poems  of  Maeterlinck,  symbolical  in 
character,  rich  in  beauty  of  word  and  thought. 
izmo.  $1,25  net. 

RABINDRANATH  TAGORE 

THE  MAN  AND  HIS  POETRY 
By  Basanta  Koomar  Roy 

Affords  especially  illuminating  and  valuable 
insight  into  the  character  of  this  noted  philoso- 
pher and  poet,  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  the 
author  is  a  fellow  countryman  and  intimate 
friend.  Illustrated.  I2tno.  $1.25  net. 


Sociology 

PSYCHOLOGY  AND 
PARENTHOOD 

By  H.  Addington  Bruce 

The  author  of  "The  Riddle  of  Personality," 
presents  in  a  practical  way  the  gist  of  the  vast  dis- 
coveries in  the  realm  of  child  nature  which  modern 
psychologists,  educators  and  physiologists  have 
made.  I2mo.  $1.25  net. 

AMERICAN  WOMEN  IN 
CIVIC  WORK 

By  Helen  Christine  Bennett 

An  inspiring  and  valuable  book  for  women 
which  discusses  the  personalities  and  the  work 
of  America's  foremost  women — Jane  Addams, 
Anna  Howard  Shaw,  Ella  Flagg  Young,  and 
others.  With  portraits.  I2mo.  $1.25  net. 

WOMEN  UNDER  POLYGAMY 

By  Walter  M.  Gallichan 

A  thorough-going  investigation  into  the  argu- 
ments for  and  against  Polygamy,  and  the  condi- 
tion of  women  where  Polygamy  exists.  Illustrated. 
8vo.  $2.50  net. 


Books  on  the  World  War 

AT    THE    FURTHEST    FRONT 


war  Correspondent  of  t£  N.  Y.  Efeninp 

Scenes  at  the  front  by  a  man  who  has  been  with  the  British  in  France,  the  Austrians  in  Galicia 
and  Servia,  and  the  Germans  in  Flanders  and  Poland.  Valuable  for  its  facts  and  will  live  as  literature. 
izmo.  $1.25  net. 

WAR'S  NEW  WEAPONS  By  Hroll  von  Dewits 

A  thorough,  scientific  and  at  the  same  time  very  interesting  exposition  of  the  latest  weapons  of 
warfare  —  Submarines,  Zeppelins,  giant  howitzers,  etc.  The  author  is  an  aeronaut  of  note  and  an 
expert  on  military  field  equipment.  Illustrated.  $1.50  net. 

THE  APPETITE  OF  TYRANNY  By  Gilbert  K.  Chesterton 

The  keen  and  fiery  protest  of  one  of  the  cleverest  writers  in  England  against  Militarism.  Small 
I2mo.  $1.00  net.  ,-,.  ,  . 

Fiction 
THE  PRETENDER  By  Robert  W.  Service 

In  which  the  Young  Canadian,  whose  "Spell  of  the  Yukon"  and  other  volumes  of  poetry  have 
been  so  widely  popular,  writes  a  striking  novel  centering  about  the  trials  and  triumphs  of  a  writer 
of  fiction.  i2mo.  $1.35  net. 

LONELINESS  ?  By  Robert  Hugh  Benson 

Readers  will  not  soon  forget  this  exquisite  story  of  a  brave  and  beautiful  girl  who  found  through 
trial  the  highest  and  most  enduring  happiness.  I2mo.  $1.35  net. 

LIFE  IN  A  GERMAN  CRACK  REGIMENT  By  Baron  von  Schiicht 

A  frank  picture  of  life  in  barracks  by  one  who  is  himself  a  member  of  that  Prussian  military 
caste  which  he  severely  criticizes.  I2mo.  $1.00  net. 

THE  HOUSE  OF  MERRILEES  By  Archibald  Marshall 

A  cleverly  told  tale  of  mystery  by  the  author  of  "Exton  Manor"  and  other  novels  which  have 
earned  for  him  the  title  of  Trollope's  successor.  I2mo.  $1.35  net. 


PRESS  OF  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY 


SPRING  ANNOUNCEMENT  NUMBER 


•; 


THE    DIAL 

A  FORTNIGHTLY  JOURNAL  OF 

f  iterarn  Criticism,  giscussion,  anfr  Information 


FRANC°SNFEBROWNE 


}     jfe.«M  CHICAGO,  MARCH  18,  1915. 


toot 

ti 


'«.  a  copy .  f 
.  a  year.    \ 


PUBLISHED  AT 
632  SHEBMAN  ST. 


SCRIBNER  BOOKS 


John  Galsworthy 


in  THE  LITTLE  MAN 
AND  OTHER  SATIRES 
has  written  some  penetrat- 
ing studies  of  various  phases 
and  types  of  modern  so- 
ciety. The  sketches  are  all 
satirical,  yet  none  of  them 
suggest  cynicism;  charity, 
sympathy  and  high  appre- 
ciation are  salient. 
$1.30  net;  postage  extra. 


F.  Hopkinson  Smith 


in  OUTDOOR  SKETCH- 
ING gives  us  a  masterpiece 
of  artistic  suggestion  as 
comprehensible  to  the  lay- 
man as  to  the  artist. 
' '  Mass, "  "  Composition , ' ' 
"Water  Colors "  and" Char- 
coal "  are  the  subjects  of  his 
discussion. 
$1.00  net;  postage  extra. 


James  Huneker 


in  NEW  COSMOPOLIS 
writes  of  New  York  from 
the  inside,  most  intimately 
—  from  a  knowledge  such 
as  that  of  Dickens  of  Lon- 
don. It  is  the  only  book  of 
its  kind  that  has  ever  been 
written  about  Manhattan. 
$1.50  net;  postage  extra. 


Theodore  Roosevelt 


in  AMERICA  AND  THE 
WORLD  WAR  writes  of 
the  lesson  this  country  must 
learn  from  the  war  in  Eu- 
rope, and  of  the  steps  we 
should  take  toward  pre- 
paredness. 
75  cents  net;  postage  extra. 


John  Finley 


in  THE  FRENCH  IN 
THE  HEART  OF  AMER- 
ICA has  produced  a  verit- 
able epic  of  the  develop- 
ment of  that  part  of 
America  originally  settled 
by  the  French. 
$2.50  net;  postage  extra. 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 


SCRIBNER  BOOKS 


Oswald  G.  Villard 


in  GERMANY  EMBAT- 
TLED states  Germany's 
case  with  extreme  fairness 
before  pointing  out  why  it 
is  that  American  traditions 
and  institutions  make  it 
impossible  for  most  Ameri- 
cans to  take  her  side  in  the 
war. 
$1.00  net;  postage  extra. 


FrancisVinton  Greene  Major  General  of  United 
States  Volunteers,  in  THE 
PRESENT  MILITARY 
SITUATION  IN  THE 
UNITED  STATES  gives, 
without  any  pessimist  or 
alarmist  tendency,  a  sane, 
clear  statement  of  the  extent 
of  our  unpreparedness  and  of 
best  methods  of  meeting  it. 
75  cents  net;  postage  extra. 


Christian  Gauss  of  Princeton  University  in 
THE  GERMAN  EMPER- 
OR AS  SHOWN  IN  HIS 
PUBLIC  UTTERANCES 
gives  a  vivid  and  illumi- 
nating picture  of  German 
tendencies  during  the  Reign 
of  William  II.  by  means  of 
his  own  public  speeches. 
$1.25  net;  postage  extra. 


Henry  Cabot  Lodge  in  THE  DEMOCRACY 
OF  THE  CONSTITU- 
TION gives  a  logical  de- 
fense of  the  Constitution 
against  its  present-day  crit- 
ics and  treats  of  such  prob- 
lems as  the  referendum, 
initiative,  etc.,  with  re- 
markable clearness. 
$1.50  net;  postage  extra. 


Frederic  C.  Howe  in  THE  MODERN  CITY 
AND  ITS  PROBLEMS 
gives  a  fresh  and  stimulat- 
ing study  of  municipal  his- 
tory, government,  adminis- 
tration, sociology,  etc.,  and 
his  name  carries  an  unques- 
tioned authority. 
$1.50  net:  postage  extra. 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 


170 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  18 


SCRIBNER  BOOKS 


With  the  Allies 

By  Richard  Harding  Davis 

THE  STORY   OF  THE 
WAR  FROM  THE  INSIDE 

Four  Editions  in  Two  Months 

Illustrated.     $1.00  net;  postage  extra' 


SCRIBNER  BOOKS 


Fighting  in  Flanders 

By  E.  Alexander  Powell 

THE  GREAT  BELGIAN  DRAMA 
BY    AN    EYE     WITNESS 

Three  Editions  in  Two  Months 

Illustrated.     $1.00  net;  postage  extra 


PLAYS  of  LEONID  ANDREYEFF 

"  The   Black    Maskers,"    "The   Life   of   Man," 
"The  Sabine  Women." 

Translated  from  the  Russian,  with  an  in- 
troduction, by  F.  N.  SCOTT  and  C.  L.  MEADER, 
University  of  Michigan. 

This  translation  made  with  the  author's 
authorization  and  from  his  own  choice  of  the 
plays  has  been  competently  and  brilliantly 
carried  out.  #7.50  net;  postage  extra 


OUR  NAVY  AND  THE 

NEXT  WAR 

By  ROBERT  W.  NEESER. 
A  statement  of  the  present  situation  with 
regard  to  our  navy  and  its  various  defects,  such 
as  an  insufficient  number  of  men,  amount  of 
ammunition,  etc.,  and  principally  the  lack  of  a 
proper  system  of  naval  administration. 

$1.00  net;  postage  extra 


NARRATIVES  OF  THE 
INSURRECTIONS  i675-i69i 

Edited   by   PROF.    C.    M.   ANDREWS,   of   Yale 

University. 

This  new  volume  in  the  Original  Narratives 
of  Early  American  History  Series  is  in  some 
respects  not  only  the  most  interesting  so  far 
published,  but  the  most  historically  important 
to  an  American,  j.oo  net;  postage  extra 


THE  UNIVERSAL  DICKENS 

Brought  out  in  conjunction  with  Chapman 
and  Hall  of  London.  Each  novel  complete  in  one 
volume,  large,  clear  modern  type,  740  Illustra- 
tions from  originals,  opaque  but  light,  delicate 
paper,  text  from  that  last  revised  by  author,  all 
author's  prefaces,  dedications,  etc. 

$1.00  net  per  volume;  $22.00  net  per  set 


THE  END  OF  THE  TRAIL 

The  Far  West  from  New  Mexico  to 
British  Columbia 

By  E.  ALEXANDER  POWELL. 

Now  more  than  ever  the  slogan  "See  America 
First"  will  be  followed  by  Americans.  This  new 
book  of  Mr.  Powell's  is  full  of  suggestions  for 
unhackneyed  exploration  of  the  Great  West, 
in  its  unspoiled,  unexploited  portions. 

Profusely  illustrated  from   photographs 
$3.00  net;  postage  extra 


OUTLINES  OF 
INTERNATIONAL  LAW 

By    CHARLES    H.    STOCKTON,    Rear- Admiral, 

U.  S.  N. 

Admiral  Stockton's  book  gives  the  text  of 
The  Hague  Convention,  the  International  Naval 
Conference,  President  Wilson's  Proclamation  of 
Neutrality,  etc.,  in  addition  to  clear  and  detailed 
explanation  of  the  various  difficult  questions 
which  are  now  the  subject  of  international 
dispute.  $2.50  net;  postage  extra 


THE  PANAMA  GATEWAY 

New  and  Revised  Edition. 

By  Joseph  Bucklin  Bishop. 

Secretary  of  the  Isthmian  Canal  Commission. 

"  'The  Panama  Gateway,'  by  Joseph  Bucklin 
Bishop,  is  not  only  a  book  of  unusual  value  at 
the  present  moment  but  one  which  may  well  be 
treasured  because  of  the  accurate  information 
which  it  conveys." — New  York  Herald. 
Illustrated.  $1.50  net 


FOOTINGS  FOR  FAITH 

By  WILLIAM  PIERSON  MERRILL,  Pastor  of  the 
Brick  Presbyterian  Church. 

The  writing  of  this  volume  was  prompted 
by  the  various  influences,  mostly  produced  by 
modern  science,  which  have  brought  such  con- 
fusion and  such  doubt  into  the  minds,  especially 
of  the  younger  people  of  to-day.  This  doubt  it 
aims  to  dispel  by  recognizing  religion  and  con- 
temporary scientific  thought. 

$1.00  net;  postage  extra 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


171 


SCRIBNER  FICTION 


OUTDOOR  BOOKS 


THE  SEVEN  DARLINGS 

By  GOUVERNEUR  MORRIS. 
Illustrated  by  Howard  Chandler  Christy. 
Six  girls  and  their  brother  left  pen- 
niless with  no  asset  except  a  luxurious 
Adirondack  camp.  They  advertise  for 
boarders,  and,  behold!  six  eligible  young 
men.  $!-35  net;  postage  extra. 


A  LOVERS'  TALE 

By  MAURICE  HEWLETT. 

A  romance  of  Iceland  in  Viking  days, 
full  of  the  strife  of  might  and  cunning; 
glowing  with  human  nature  at  its  utmost. 
Here  is  Hewlett  at  his  very  greatest. 

$1.25  net;  postage  extra. 


AUGUST  FIRST 

By   MARY   R.    S.   ANDREWS   and   ROY 

IRVING  MURRAY. 

A  love  story  of  striking  emotional 
power.  The  chief  characters  are  a  young 
assistant  clergyman  in  a  large  city  and  a 
beautiful  stranger  who  appears  for  a  few 
minutes  to  consult  him  about  a  great  crisis 
of  life  and  death.  $i .00  net;  postage  extra. 


DAYBREAK 

By  ELIZABETH  MILLER. 

A  vast  and  splendid  panorama  of 
historical  events  of  the  age  of  discovery. 
The  scene  is  laid  in  Spain  in  the  fifteenth 
century  and  among  the  episodes  is 
Columbus's  discovery  of  the  Western 
Hemisphere.  $i-35  net;  postage  extra. 


THE  GREAT  TRADITION 

By  KATHERINE  FULLERTON  GEROULD. 

Includes  many  of  her  greatest  stories 
such  as  "Leda  and  the  Swan,"  "The 
Miracle,"  etc.  The  stories  all  possess 
those  same  qualities  which  brought  such 
instant  recognition  to  her  last  book, 
"Vain  Oblations." 

$1.35  net;  postage  extra. 


A  CLOISTERED  ROMANCE 

By  FLORENCE  OLMSTEAD. 
A  novel  of  really  remarkable  and  pecu- 
liarly   individual    charm;   and  so  truly 
humorous  that  not  a  page  is  turned  but 
it  evokes  a  smile  or  a  chuckle. 

$7.25  net;  postage  extra. 


THE  WELL-CONSIDERED 
GARDEN 

By  MRS.  FRANCIS  KING. 

A  book  based  on  experience  in  the 
author's  own  garden,  supplemented  by  a 
wide  acquaintance  with  the  best  gar- 
dening throughout  the  world. 

$2.00  net;  postage  extra. 


THE  AMATEUR  GARDEN 

By  GEORGE  W.  CABLE. 

"It  is  doubtful  if  the  theory,  practice, 
and  rewards  of  landscape  gardening  were 
ever  set  forth  more  convincingly  and 
delightfully  than  in  '  The  Amateur  Gar- 
den.' ' — Springfield-Republican. 

$1.50  net;  postage  extra. 


ON  THE  TRAIL 

By  LINA  and  ADELIA  B.  BEARD. 

The  first  practical  camp  book  for 
girls.  It  should  be  of  the  greatest  help 
to  members  of  "Camp  Fire  Girls,"  or- 
ganizations, girls'  camps,  etc.,  etc. 

$1.25  net;  postage  extra. 


CAMP  CRAFT 

Modern  Practice  and  Equipment 

By  WARREN  H.  MILLER,  Editor  of  "Field 

and  Stream." 

With  an  introduction  by  Ernest 
Thompson  Seton.  With  many  illustra- 
tions. 

#1.50  net;  postage  extra. 


BASEBALL 

Individual  Play  and  Team  Play  in 
detail. 

By  W.  J.  CLARKE,  Head  Coach  of  the 

Princeton   Varsity   Baseball   Team, 

and  FREDERICK  T.  DAWSON,  Captain 

of  the  Princeton  Baseball  Team,  1911. 

A  complete  presentation  of  the  game. 

Of  particular  value  to  school  and  college 

players.  $1.00  net;  postage  extra. 


PETS  FOR  PLEASURE 
AND  PROFIT 

ly  A.  HYATT  VERRILL. 

A  thorough,  complete  and  practical 
account  of  all  kinds  of  pets  and  of  their 
habits  and  care. 

$7.50  net;  postage  extra. 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 


172 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


IMPORTANT  BUTTON  PUBLICATIONS 

The  Little  Mother  Who  Sits  at  Home 

UNUSUALLY  SIGNIFICANT  AND  TIMELY. 

A  little  volume  of  tender,  intimate  let- 
ters  expressing   a  mother's  influence 

Practical  MystlClSm                                               By  EVELYN  UNDERBILL 

over  her  growing  son.    Men  fully  as 
deeply  as  women  will  feel  the  subtle 
spell  of  Its  wisdom  and  rare  beauty. 

By  the  author  of  the  best  modern  book  on  "  Mysticism.  "     Significant  of 
that  vital  movement  which  is  deepening  religious  life  both  within  and  apart 

Net  $1.00 

from  the  churches.                                                                                        Net  $1.00 

Edited  by  the  Countess  BARCYNSKA  . 

JeSUS  and  Politics                                             By  HAROLD  B.  SHEPHEARD 

NEW  NOVELS. 

With  an  Introduction  by  Vida  D.  Scudder.     A  book  for  the  citizen,  the 

By  MARJORIE  BOWEN. 

politician,  and  the  preacher.                                                                       Net  $1.00 

Prince  and  Heretic 

A  brilliant  romance  based  on  the  ex- 

The Archbishop's  Test                                  By  E.  M.  GKBEN 

traordinary    career    of    William    the 
Silent                                      Net  SI.  35 

A  suitable  book  for  a  Lenten  gift,  showing  how  the  work  of  the  Church 

may  be  done  by  simple  spiritual  means  without  tangling  red  tape  of  societies 

By  Lt.-Col.IG.  F.  MACMUNN. 

and  organizations.                                                                                        Net  $1.00 

A  Freelance  in  Kashmir 

Packed  with  the  romantic  atmosphere 
of  the  days  when  a  roaming  adventur- 
er  could   carve  him  a  kingdom   In 
Upper  India. 

Origins  and  Destiny  of  Imperial  Britain     By  Prof.  j.  A.  CRAMB 

NINETEENTH  CENTURY  EUROPE  traces  the  growth  of  Imperialism, 
shows  the  influences  to  which  it  has  been  subject,  including  religion,  forecasts 

Net  $1.50 

the  future  of  Britain  and  compares  her  national  ideal  with  those  of  other 

By  the  BARONESS  VON  HEYKING. 

peoples  and  times.                                                                                        Net  9  1.60 

Lovers  in  Exile 

Into  Its  poignant  story  Is  woven  a 

By  the  Same  Author                                      Germany  and  England 

picture  of  German  officialdom  deeply 

'As  was  foreseen  by  such  men  as  the  Hon.  Joseph  H.  Choate  and  the  late 

interesting.                             Net  $1.35 

Lord  Roberts,  this  has  been  accepted  as  the  ablest  book  of  the  deep-lying 

The  Letters  Which  Never  Reached  Him 

causes  of  the  war.                                                      130th  thousand.         Net  $1.00 

New  Edition. 

RECENT  AND  FORTHCOMING  BOOKS  OF  EXCEPTIONAL  WORTH 

The  hot  discussion  over  Its  first  issue 

has  matured  into  a  permanent  demand 

for  this  most  unusual  human  docu- 

Who Built  the  Panama  Canal?                        By  LEON  PEPPERMAN 

ment.                                      Net  $1.35 

A  vigorous  out-spoken  book  on  the  men  who  made  possible  and  actually 

By  HENRY  BORDEAUX. 

built  the  Panama  Canal.     With  22  photogravures  from  drawings  by  JOSEPH 

The  Awakening 

PENNELL,  5  portraits  and  2  maps.                                                              Net  $2.00 

To  understand  the  new  France  one 
must  read  the  novels  of  M.  Bordeaux. 

The  Story  of  Bethlehem  Hospital    By  EDWARD  G.  O'DONOGHUE 

The  versatility  of  force  and  sincerity 

Even  now  in  some  of  these  United  States  exist  methods  of  caring  for  the 

living  questions  has  carried  this  work. 

insane  so  little  better  than  those  of  Old  Bedlam,  that  they  must  soon  claim 

for  example,  through  over  a  hundred 

federal  attention.     This  record  of  six  centuries'  progress  is  therefore  par- 

editions. 
Net  $1.35 

ticularly  valuable.                                                        140  illustrations.     Net  $5.00 

By  H.  G.  WELLS. 

Reptiles  and  Batrachians                          By  E.  G.  BOULENGER 

The  World  Set  Free 

The  author  is  Director  of  the  Reptile  House  of  the  London  Zoo,  an  un- 

The most  striking  program  yet  offered 
for  a  reconstruction  of  world  politics 
after  a  catastrophic  world  war. 

questioned  authority  who  supplements  his  classification  of  his  subjects 
with  interesting  details  of  their  life  histories  and  habits.                      Net  $6.00 

Net  $1.35 

LENTEN  READING 

Antarctic  Adventures                                           By  RAYMOND  PRIESTLEY 

Religious  Classics  from  Everyman's 
Librflrv 

The  extraordinary  experiences  of  Scott's  Northern  Party  of  six  men  cut  off 
from  the  main  expedition,  and  exhibiting  beyond  the  courage  and  endurance 
which  saved  their  lives  a  really  wonderful  loyalty  to  the  work  they  had 

set  out  to  do.                                                                                            Net  $5.00 

35c  in  cloth,  70c  in  leather 

A  Kempls'  Imitation  of  Christ. 
Bede's  Ecclesiastical  History. 

Modem  Germany                                                       By  J.  ELLIS  BARKER 

Edward  VI.    First  and  Second  Prayer 

A  new  edition,  with  a  new  Introduction  and  important  additions,  of  the  best 

Books. 
New  Testament. 
George  Herbert's  The  Temple. 

work  in  print  on  Germany's  political  and  economic  problems,  her  policy, 
her  ambitions,  and  the  causes  of  her  successes  and  failures.                 Net  $3.00 

Hooker's  Ecclesiastical  Poetry.  2  vols. 

Keble's  Christian  Year. 

William  Blake:  His  Mysticism  and  Poetry  By  PIERRE  BERQER 

Law's  Serious  Call  to  a  Devout  Life. 

A  translation  of  the  brilliant  study  which,  when  it  first  appeared  in  French 

Maurice's  Kingdom  of  Christ.   2  vols. 

was  pronounced  by  Swinburne  "the  last  word  on  the  subject  of  Blake." 

Mlllman's  History  of  the  Jews.  2  vole. 

Net  $5.00 

Neale's  The  Fall  of  Constantinople. 

Newman's  Apologia  pro  Vita  Sua. 

Robertson's  Sermons.     3  vols. 

MeatleSS  Cookery                                 By  MARIA  MCILVAINE  GILLMORE 

Wade  Robinson's  Sermons. 
St.  Augustine's  Confessions. 
The  Little  Flowers  of  St.  Francis. 

An  aid  to  the  prolongation  of  life,  since  it  provides  nutritious,  pleasant 
substitutes  for  the  meat  dishes  which  are  frequently  responsible  for  blood- 

Seeley's  Ecce  Homo. 

pressure,  auto-intoxication  and  diseases  of  the  heart.     Introduction  by 

Smith's  Life  of  William  Gary. 
Stanley's  Eastern  Church. 

Louis  Faugeres  Bishop,  M.D.                                                                 Net  $2.00 

—  Memorials  of  Canterbury. 
Swedenborg's  Heaven  and  Hell. 

The  Human  German                                         By  EDWARD  EDGEWORTH 

—  Divine  Love  and  Wisdom. 
VUlehardouin's  History  of  the  Crusades. 
John  Wesley's  Journal.    4  vols. 

A  very  entertaining  precise  statement  of  the  daily  life  of  the  much  governed 
German  in  his  home,  business,  factory  or  place  of  amusement.             Net  $3.50 

YOUR  OPPORTUNITY  TO  POSSESS  AN  UP-TO-DATE  ADEQUATE   REFERENCE   WORK 

$6SNcDLiSEH         Everyman  Encyclopaedia       $10E^BER 

<T»Q  IN  CLOTH                      Complete  in  twelve  volumes.    Saves  a  man's  money,  increases  his                   <£  1  Q  QUARTER 
3)O  REINFORCED                earnings,  saves  his  time  and  saves  him  from  the  weakness  of  being                  u>  1  ^  PIGSKIN 

vague  or  ignorant. 

E.  P.  DUTTON  &  CO.,  Publishers                          681  Fifth  Ave.,  NEW  YORK 

1915]  THE   DIAL  173 

Dor  an  Company  New  Books 

THE  VALLEY  OF  FEAR       ™*07r//Kr*       By  A.  Conan  Doyle 

The  first  Sherlock  Holmes  story  in  ten  years;  half  the  scene  of  action  laid  in  America.  All  the  features  which 
have  made  Holmes  the  most  popular  fiction-hero  in  the  world  with  a  new  and  surprising  sort  of  mystery,  which 
will  keep  the  reader  intensely  absorbed.  Sherlock  Holmes  at  his  best.  Illustrations  in  color  by  Arthur  I.  Keller. 

Net,  $1.25 

RED  FLEECE  By  Will  Levington  Comfort 

The  noble  romance  of  a  great-souled  woman  told  with  the  vision  and  originality  which  distinguish  all  work  by 
Mr.  Comfort,  and  by  a  new  and  happy  "popularity."  The  story  of  the  Russian  advance  into  Germany,  the 
Russian  revolutionists  who  risk  execution  by  preaching  peace,  and  a  white-browed  woman.  Net,  $1.25 

PATHS  OF  GLORY       w17tnr/e^K^'"<n       By  Irvin  S.  Cobb 

"The  first  book  of  the  war;  the  first  account  of  the  fighting  that  gives  us  a  real  picture  of  the  conflict.  There 
is  a  great  deal  more  than  the  roar  of  battle  in  his  story;  there  is  that  crying  out  of  the  heart  when  it  cannot  be 
comforted." — Portland  Telegram.  Net,  $1.50 

MUSHROOM  TOWN  By  Oliver  Onions 

Towns  have  personalities  not  less  fascinating  than  those  of  persons.  Here  Oliver  Onions,  with  all  the  sharp 
drama  and  realism  of  his  The  Story  of  Louie,  chronicles  in  a  highly  original  novel  the  growth  of  a  boom  town. 

Net,  $1.25 

THE  WOODEN  HORSE  By  Hugh  Walpole 

"The  author  of  The  Duchess  of  Wrexe  and  Fortitude  has  nowhere  shown  a  greater  grip  upon  life's  realities,  a  stronger 
appreciation  of  the  elusiveness  of  man-made  conventionalities  and  a  better  artistic  sense  of  the  dramatic  value 
of  contrasts. " — Public  Ledger.  Net,  $1.25 

THE  THEATRE  OF  IDEAS  By  Henry  Arthur  Jones 

The  premier  English  dramatist,  in  a  burlesque  allegory  preceding  three  new  interesting  short  plays,  tells  wittily 
how  idiotic  are  most  fads  to  the  seeing  mind.  Net,  $1.00 

ARUNDEL  ByE.  F.Benson 

Love  may  be  destructive  as  well  as  creative, 
stuffy  family  there  was  a  dramatic  destructic 

HERE'S  TO  THE  DAY! 

By  Charles  Agnew  MacLean  and  Frank  Blighton 

A  thrilling  story  of  an  American  man  and  girl  caught  in  the  mill  of  the  Great  War.  "Aviation  plays  an  important 
part  and  it  is  particularly  realistic  because  of  Mr.  Blighton 's  own  experiences  as  an  aviator. " — Boston  Transcript. 

Net,  $1.25 

THE  VEILS  OF  ISIS  By  Frank  Harris 

"A  volume  with  s"uch  stuff  as  the  work  of  genius  is  made  of.  We  have  many  fine  short- story  writers,  but  none 
so  great  as  Mr.  Frank  Harris.  And  he  is  full  of  that  divine  charity  we  call  love;  the  crowning  glory  of  his  rare 
and  beautiful  art." — London  Bookman.  Net,  $1.25 

JAMES  By  W.  Dane  Bank 

"A  novel  of  delicious  entertainment;  a  book  of  surprises,  with  an  irrepressible  hero;  and  a  novelty  in  that  it  deals 
with  'get-rich-quick'  schemes. " — St.  Louis  Republic.  Net,  $1.25 

NEIGHBOURS  By  Herbert  Kaufman 

Little  pictures  from  real  life  that  make  living  beings  out  of  that  unknown  race  of  people — the  men  and  women 
in  the  crowd  through  which  you  pass  daily.  Net,  $0.75 

AT    ALL    BOOKSELLERS 

GEORGE  H.  DORAN  COMPANY,  38  W.  32nd  St.,  NEW  YORK 

PUBLISHERS        IN        AMERICA       FOR       HODDER       &       STOUGHTON 


Love  may  be  destructive  as  well  as  creative.     When  love  with  its  utmost  passion  came  to  a  man  smothered  by  a 
stuffy  family  there  was  a  dramatic  destruction  of  his  comfortable  dullness — and  glory  was  born.  Net,  $1.25 


174 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


Important  Spring  Books 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY 


PUBLISHERS 


PHILADELPHIA 


SIR 

DOUGLAS 

MAWSON'S 


Own  Account  of  the 
Now  Famous 
Australian- Antarctic 
Expedition,  1911-14 

THE  HOME 
OF  THE 
BLIZZARD 

Two  volumes  with  300  re- 
markable photographs,  16 
color  plates,  drawings,  plans, 
maps,  etc.  $9.00  net  per  set. 

Philadelphia  Record: 

"There  are  thrills  in  the 
story  that  surpass  any  that 
fictionists  can  create  and  it 
is  a  tribute  to  strong  men 
who  went  forth  to  meet 
perils  and  even  death  itself 
that  the  world  might  know 
something  of  the  long  un- 
known and  almost  forbidden 
land. 

Boston  Evening  Transcript: 

"A  treasure  house  of 
facts." 


HOW  BELGIUM  SAVED  EUROPE 

By  DR.  CHARLES  SAROLEA.     Cloth.     $1.00  net. 

A  thrilling,  moving  chronicle  as  intensely  interesting  as  the  greatest  fic- 
tion. An  epic  tale  of  Belgium's  heroic  defense  against  great  odds  by  one  who 
was  there.  It  explains  many  things  that  you  can  not  learn  from  newspaper 
or  magazine  accounts.  It  is  unbiased,  and  presents  the  facts  in  a  new  light. 

PRODUCTIVE  ADVERTISING 

By  H.  W.  HESS,  Professor  of  Advertising,  Univ.  of  Penn.     Profusely  illus- 
trated.    Octavo.     $2.00  net. 

A  practical  manual  for  the  advertising  man,  the  business  man,  and  the 
student,  covering  the  entire  field,  both  in  practice  and  in  theory. 

CHEMISTRY  OF  FAMILIAR  THINGS 

By   SAMUEL   SCHMUCKER   SADTLER,   S.B.     23   Illustrations  and  6 

figures  in  the  text.     Octavo.     $1.75  net. 

Science  has  entered  daily  life,  and  here  is  a  work  by  an  authority  for  the 
average  man  and  woman.  It  contains  much  valuable  information  bearing 
upon  everyday  life. 

SPENCER  FULLERTON  BAIRD   A  Biography 

By   WILLIAM   HEALEY   BALL,    D.Sc.     With   19   Illustrations.     Octavo. 

Buckram,  gilt  top,  uncut.     $3.50  net. 

A  notable  biography  of  a  remarkable  man  associated  in  his  life-work 
with  Professor  Louis  Agassiz,  together  with  selections  from  his  correspon- 
dence with  famous  men  of  his  time. 

THE  OLD  EAST  INDIAMEN 

By  E.  KEBLE  CHATTERTON,  Lieut.  R.N.V.R.    33  Illustrations.     Octavo. 

$3.50  net. 

Another  of  this  author's  entertaining  and  authoritative  volumes  on 
sailing  ships,  splendidly  illustrated. 

FAMOUS  DAYS  AND  DEEDS  IN 
HOLLAND  AND  BELGIUM 

By  PROP.  CHARLES  MORRIS.     16  Illustrations  from  famous  paintings. 

Cloth.    $1.25  net. 
Striking  stories  drawn  from  Dutch  and  Belgian  history. 

A  DOG  OF  FLANDERS 

BY  "OUIDA. "     Illustrated  in  color  by  Maria  L.  Kirk.     Cloth.    50  cents  net. 

The  famous  tale  of  peasant  life  in  Flanders,  printed  in  uniform  style 

with  Mrs.  Lewis'  simplified  editions  of  George  Macdonald's  stories  for  children. 

A  New  Volume  in  LIPPINCOTT'S  FARM 
MANUALS— PRODUCTIVE  FEEDING  OF 
FARM  ANIMALS 

By  PROF.  F.  W.  WOLL,  Univ.  of  Cal.     96  Illustrations.    375  pages.     Octavo. 
$1.50  net. 

POULTRY  KEEPING 

By  HARRY  R.  LEWIS,  B.S.,  N.  J.  State  Agric.  Exp.  Station.     181  Illus- 
trations.   365  pages.     $1.00  net. 

An  Elementary  Treatise  Dealing  with  the  Successful  Management  of 
Poultry. 

AGRICULTURE  AND  LIFE 

By  ARTHUR  D.  CROMWELL,  M.Ph.    143  Illustrations.    Cloth.    $1.50  net. 
A  Text  Book  for  Normal  Schools  and  Teachers'  Reading  Circles. 

METHODS  FOR  ELEMENTARY  AND 
SECONDARY  SCHOOLS 

By  E.  L.  KEMP,  Sc.D.,  Litt.D.    312  pages.     $1.25  net. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


175 


Successful  Spring  Fiction 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY 


PUBLISHERS 


PHILADELPHIA 


FOR  MARCH  PUBLICATION— 

By  the  Author  of  "Betty's  Virginia  Christmas" 

THE  DIARY  OF  A  BEAUTY 

By   MOLLY  ELLIOTT  SEAWELL.     12  Illustrations  by   Frederick   Dorr 

Steel.     Cloth.     $1.25  net. 

Miss  Sea  well  has  never  written  a  more  charming  _  romance,  and  at  the 
same  time  one  which  shows  such  skill  in  character  delineation  and  develop- 
ment of  plot  through  a  series  of  unusual  and  striking  incidents.  This  is 
certain  to  be  one  of  the  Spring's  best  sellers.  Beautifully  bound  and  deco- 
rated. 

THE  WOMAN  IN  THE  GAR 

By  RICHARD  MARSH.     $1.35  net. 

The  author  of  "The  Beetle"  has  here  written  a  murder  mystery  intensely 
exciting,  with  something  happening  on  every  page.  The  scenes  are  laid  in 
London,  and  it  would  be  impossible  to  enumerate  on  this  page  the  many 
incidents,  climaxes  and  anti-climaxes  which  go  to  make  up  this  wonderfully 
thrilling  story. 

FOR  APRIL  PUBLICATION- 
MIRANDA 

By  GRACE  L.  H.  LUTZ.     Illustrated,  in  color  and  Hack  and  white  by  E.  L. 

Henry,  N.A.     $1.25  net. 

The  author  of  "Phcebe  Deane,"  "Marcia  Schuyler, "  "Lo  Michael," 
"The  Best  Man,"  etc.,  has  written  a  delightful  story  about  the  character  of 
Miranda,  who  figured  in  the  author's  earlier  novels.  She  was  so  brimful  of 
jollity,  and  so  overflowing  with  pleasant  optimism  and  happiness  that  her 
further  annals  easily  makes  a  new  volume  that  will  unquestionably  prove  one 
of  Mrs.  Lutz's  most  popular  sellers. 

THE  WHITE  ALLEY 

By  CAROLYN  WELLS.  Frontispiece  in  color  by  Gayle  Hoskins.  $1.25  net. 
The  reader  who  solves  the  mystery  of  "The  White  Alley"  must  indeed 
be  as  clever  as  Fleming  Stone,  the  great  American  detective  who  plays  such 
an  important  part  in  discovering  the  criminal  and  in  furthering  the  tender 
romance  which  runs  through  this  best  of  Miss  Wells's  detective  stories. 

NOW  SELLING— 

THE  DUSTY  ROAD 

By  THERESE  TYLER.     Frontispiece  by  H.  Weston  Taylor.    $1.25  net. 
Philadelphia  Press: 

"Preeminently  calculated  to  whet  the  interest  and  provoke  a  storm  of 
discussion.  That  it  has  already  achieved  this  is  abundantly  demonstrated 
by  the  fact  that  it  has  promptly  become  a  best  seller." 

THE  FINAL  VERDICT 

Six  Stories  of  Men  and  Women 

By  SIDNEY  L.  NYBURG.    $1.00  net. 
Baltimore  American: 

"Each  gripping  tale  refers  to  the  verdict  of  the  law  court  and  justice  — 
how  often  do  they  coincide?  The  stories  are  clean  cut  and  decisive  — they 
make  the  reader  think." 

THE  ROMANCES  OF  AMOSIS  RA 

By  FREDERICK  THURSTAN.     $1.35  net. 

A  remarkably  virile  and  striking  story  of  Egyptian  life  at  the  time  of 
Moses,  around  whom  the  story  is  centered. 


The  Novel 
They  Are  All 
Talking  About 


SECOND  PRINTING 

THE  ROSE 

GARDEN 

HUSBAND 

By 

MARGARET  WIDDEMER 

Three  illustrations  by 

WALTER  BIGGS 

$1.00  net. 

Boston  Transcript: 

"The  beauty  and  strange- 
ness that  go  to  make  romance 
are  combined  in  the  little 
tale  of  'The  Rose  Garden 
Husband.'  The  reader  . 
.  becomes  immediately 
interested  in  the  personality 
of  the  gay  little  'Liberry 
Teacher'  who  realizes  that 
no  one  wants  to  hear  the 
'cryside'  .  .  .  It  is  the 
manner  in  which  the  author 
tells  her  story  and  the  charm 
she  infuses  into  her  heroine 
that  make  it  such  delightful 
reading." 


176 


THE    DIAL 


March  18 


]  A  SELECTION 

Fiction  Spring  1915 


GPPS 


War 


The  Keeper  of  the  Door 

Ethel  M.  Dell 

Author  "The  Way  of  an  Eagle,"  "The  Rocks  of  Valpre,"  etc. 

12°.     600  pages.     $1.40 

Revolves  around  the  act  of  the  Heroine,  who  puts  into 
practice  her  belief  that  in  case  of  hopeless  suffering,  to  put  the 
sufferer  out  of  the  way  is  the  only  kind  course,  the  effect  on  the 
physician  whom  she  loves,  and  one  who  seeks  revenge.  Prob- 
ably the  best  of  this  author's  remarkably  popular  novels. 

Three  Gentlemen 
from  New  Caledonia 

R.  D.  Hemingway  and 
Henry  de  Halsalle 

12°.      $1.35. 

"Cunning  criminals,  plots  and  counterplots,  the  Paris 
police,  a  shifting  scene  from  cannibalistic  New  Caledonia  to 
Paris  dives,  from  the  placid  English  country  estate  to  the 
sinister  little  alley  in  Amsterdam — this  is  the  most  exciting 
novel  published  in  many  and  many  a  day. " 

"My  Heart's  Right  There" 

Florence  L.  Barclay 

Author  of  "  The  Rosary,"  "  The  Wall  of  Partition,"  etc. 

12°.       $0.75. 

Mrs.  Florence  L.  Barclay,  the  most  popular  of  living  authors, 
has  here  written  a  tender,  patriotic  story  of  the  war,  and  the 
cottage  homes  of  England,  and  the  wives  who  are  left  behind. 
A  glimpse  is  given  of  what  a  woman  undergoes  while  the  husband 
is  in  the  field  and  of  her  subordination,  though  not  without 
many  a  tug  at  the  heartstrings,  of  self  to  country. 

On  the  Fighting  Line 

Constance  Smedley 

12°.      $1.35. 

Not  a  story  of  the  European  War — a  vivid  portrayal  of  the 
every-day  struggle  for  existence,  and  of  the  girl  who  has  to  fight 
her  battles  alone.  A  dramatic  picture  of  the  present  and  of 
woman's  economic  value,  but  also  an  uplifting  love  story  that 
rings  true. 

Patrioia 

Edith  H.  Fowler 

Author  "For  Richer  or  Poorer,"  etc. 
12°.     $1.35. 

Avid  for  success,  needy  of  money,  the  heroine  is  tempted  to 
publish  the  letters  of  a  diplomat  with  whose  son  she  subsequently 
falls  in  love.  Strong  in  plot,  just  avoiding  tragedy,  dramatic 
and  virile.  A  rare  and  absorbing  book,  with  a  fine  moral  tone. 


The  Evidence 
in  the  Case 

James  M.  Beck,  LL.D. 

2d    Edition,    with    much    added 
material  and  an  Introduction  by 
Hon.  Joseph  H.  Choate. 
12°.     280  pp.     $1.00. 

Alsace  and  Lorraine 

From    Caesar   to   Kaiser.     58 
B.  C.-1871  A.  D. 
Ruth  Putnam 

Author  of  "  Charles  the  Bold, "  etc. 
8°.     8  Maps.     $1.25. 

Confessions  of 
Frederick  the  Great 

and  Treitschke's  Life  of  Frederick 

Edited  by  Douglas  Sladen. 
12°.     $1.25. 

Germany,   France, 
Russia  and  Islam 

Heinrich  Von  Treitachke 
12°.      $1.50. 

Origins  of  the  War 

J.  Holland  Rose 

Author   "  Personality   of  Napo- 
leon," etc. 
12°.     $1.00. 

Can  Germany  Win? 

"An  American" 

12°.      $1.00. 

The  Monroe 
Doctrine 

National  or  International? 
William  I.   Hull 

72°.      $0.75. 

America  and 
the  World-State 

Norman  Angell 

Author    "The    Great    Illusion," 
"Arms  and  Industry,"  etc. 
12°.     $1.25. 

The  World  Crisis 

and  the  Way  to  Peace 

E.  E.  Shumaker 
Author  "God  and  Man." 
$0.75- 

Why  Europe 
is  at  War 

Intro.  Gen'l  F.  V.  Greene 
Contrib's:     Frederic  R.   Coudert, 
Prof,  von  Mach,  F.  W.  Whitridge, 
Dr.  lyenaga. 

12°.     $1.00. 


NEW  YORK 
2-6  W.  45th  St. 


G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons 


LONDON 
24  Bedford  St. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


177 


]  A  SELECTION 

Out -Doors  Spring  1915  General 


In  the  Oregon  Country 

George  Palmer  Putnam 

Author   "The   Southland   of  North  America.'1     Introduction   by 
James  Withycombe,  Gov.  of  Oregon. 

12°.    53  Illus.     $1.75 

Out-doors  in  Oregon,  Washington  and  California.  Some 
legendary  lore,  glimpses  of  the  Modern  West  in  the  making, 
descriptions  of  trips  along  the  forest  and  mountain  trails,  on 
foot  and  horseback;  and  with  gun,  rod,  and  camera;  of  the  ascent 
of  peaks,  and  of  long  canoe  excursions,  all  replete  with  incidents 
of  interest  and  rich  in  word-pictures  of  the  glorious  country 
traversed.  The  volume  is  beautifully  illustrated  from  the 
author's  photos. 

Field  Book  of  American 
Trees  and  Shrubs 

F.  Schuyler  Mathews 

1 6°.     1 20  Illus.,  16  in  color,  and  43  Maps.     Cloth,  $2.00. 

Flexible  Leather,  $2.50. 

Mr.  Mathews's  former  Field  Books,  "  American  Wild  Flowers  " 
and  "Wild  Birds  and  Their  Music,"  have  won  him  a  secure 
place  in  the  hearts  of  all  nature  lovers,  who  have  found  his 
guides  an  invaluable  aid.  This  volume  embraces  the  entire 
United  States,  and  will  be  found  to  be  the  most  thorough, 
authentic  and  simple  guide  to  the  trees  and  shrubs  yet  published. 

The  Art  of  Landscape 
Architecture 

Its  Development  and  Its  Application  to  Modern  Landscape 
Gardening. 

Samuel  Parsons 

Fellow  of  the  American  Society  of  Landscape  Architects.    Author 
of  "Landscape  Gardening,1'  etc. 

8°.     48  Illus.     $3.50. 

Mr.  Parsons,  to  whom  was  intrusted  the  greater  part  of 
designing  and  building  Central  Park,  New  York  City,  and  who 
designed  the  great  1,400  acre  park  at  San  Diego,  Cal.,  has 
written  a  most  important  book  setting  forth  the  underlying 
principles  of  the  practice  of  landscape  gardening,  and  to  sustain 
the  exposition  of  these  principles  he  cites  passages  from  at  least 
one  hundred  well-recognized  authorities  in  various  ages  and 
countries. 

An  American  Fruit  Farm 

Its  selection  and  Management  for  Profit  and  Pleasure. 

Francis  N.  Thorpe 

8°.     Illus.     Probable  price,  $2.50. 

The  biography  of  any  well-conducted  fruit  farm  is  a  chapter 
in  the  history  of  success.  The  author's  fruit  farm  has  yielded 
that  success;  a  careful  perusal  and  application  of  the  author's 
recommendations  may  enable  other  cultivators  to  achieve  a 
similar  success. 


Out  of  Work 

Frances  A.  Keltor 

Author"  Experimental  Sociology. ' ' 

12°.    584  pp.  $1.50. 

A  study  of  unemployment  in 
America,  with  a  program  for 
dealing  with  it. 

The  Tuberculosis 
Nurse 

Ellen  La  Mott*,  R.N. 

12°.      $1.50. 

A  practical  handbook  for 
nurses,  settlement  workers  and 
all  having  to  do  with  the  fight 
against  the  "white  plague." 

Tabular  Views  of 
Universal  History! 

George  Palmer  Putnam 

Revised  to  1915.    8°.    $2.50. 

Chronological  tables  in  par- 
allel lines,  showing  events  in  the 
history  of  the  world  from  earliest 
times.  Invaluable. 

Color  Vision 

J.  Herbert  Parsons,  D.Sc.,F.R.C.S. 

An  introduction  into  the 
study  of  a  subject  on  which 
much  has  been  written — little 
proven. 

Popular  Stories! 
of  Ancient  Egypt 

Sir  G.  Maspero,  D.C.  L.,  Oxon. 

Entertaining,  illuminating, 
simple  translations  by  the 
Director-General  of  Antiquities 
in  Egypt. 

Vanishing  Roads 

Richard  Le  Gallienne 

Essays  on  nature,  the  manners 
of  men,  etc.,  in  the  author's  most 
delightful  style. 

John  Shaw 
Billings 

Fielding  H.  Garrison 

8°.     $2.30. 

A  fascinating  memoir  of  a  man 
who  devoted  his  time  and  energy 
to  his  city  and  country. 

Is  Death  the  End? 

John  Haynes  Holmes 
72°.      #7.50. 

An  examination  of  the  subject 
of  Immortality,  by  the  well- 
known  minister  of  the  Church 
of  the  Messiah,  New  York. 


NEW  YORK 
2-6  W.  45th  St. 


G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons 


LONDON 
24  Bedford  St. 


178 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


Important  Fiction  and  General  Books 

^jgffc.                            Through  Central  Africa, 

JHB  Sab                                       From  Coast  to  Coast 

iv/^^^vn 

By  James  Barnes 

I                            KI-JlUvHKqjci 

A  graphic  description  of  an  African  hunting  trip  taken  by  the  author 

Havana 

and  a  photographer,  as  companion,  and  following  the  same  trail 

V&J^SX 

taken  by  Stanley  on  the  Emin  Pasha  Relief  Expedition.     The 

VVRflB^rfy 

illustrations  are  remarkably  interesting  and  represent  animals  and 

other  life,  truthfully  and  unstaged.     $4.00  net. 

WORTH  WHILE  FICTION 

Sanitation  in  Panama 

By  Gilbert  Cannan,  author  of  "Old  Mole," 
"Round  the  Corner,"  etc. 

By  William    Crawford  Gorgas,  Major   General  in 

Young  Earnest 

The  story  of  a  young  man's  revolt  against  the 
moral  atmosphere  of  industrial  England.     In 
his  attempt  to  reconstruct  the  unsatisfactory 

the  United  States  Army. 

In  this  volume  the  author  tells  of  the  sanitary  work  at  Havana  and 
Panama  through  which  he  was  able  to  exterminate  that  dreaded 
of  all  tropical  plagues,  yellow  fever,  and  thereby  make  the  Panama 

conditions  in  his  own  life,  he  abandons  a  prom- 

Canal a  possibility.     It  is  one  of  the  most  fascinating  stories  in 

ising  career  and  takes  refuge  in  London  where 

the  annals  of  scientific  research,  showing  as  it  does  one  of  the 

he  has  many  interesting  experiences.     A  splen- 
did character  portrayal  of  a  man  in  search  of 
his  place  in  life.    $1.35  net. 

greatest  triumphs  of  the  medical  profession. 
Illustrated,  $2.00  net. 

By  Compton  Mackenzie,  Author  of 
"Carnival,"  etc. 

A  History  of  Latin  Literature 

Sinister  Street 

By  Marcus  Dimsdale,  Professor,  University  of 

The  story  of  Michael  Fane,  his  life  at  Oxford, 

Cambridge,  England. 

and  his  experiences  in   London's  moral  by- 

A volume  in  the  Appleton's  Literature  of  the  World  Series.     It  is 

paths.     Mr.  Mackenzie  is  a  master  of  words 
and  his  character  delineations  of  the  men  and 
women  who  people  this  new  story  reveal  an 
artist  in  the  realm  of  literature  whose  imagina- 

written in  a  comprehensive  manner  and  is  the  work  of  a  scholar. 
It  may  be  used  as  a  text  or  reference  book  in  colleges,  and  will 
undoubtedly  be  an  authority  on  the  subject  for  English-reading 

tion  seems  to  have  no  limitations.  $1.33  net. 

people.                                    $2.00  net. 

By  Agnes  and  Egerton  Castle,  Authors  of 
'The  Pride  of  Jennico,"  etc. 

Americans  and  the  Britons 

The  Haunted  Heart 

By  Frederick  C.  de  Sumichrast. 

The  story  of  a  great  love  into  which  comes  sud- 

A timely  book  discussing  the  difference  between  the  American  and 

denly  a  terrible  misunderstanding  that  seems 

the  British  social  order;  Foreign  Relations;  Militarism;  Patriotism; 

at  one  moment  to  shatter  all  the  hopes  and 
Ideals  of  a  lifetime.    The  situation  and  its 

Naturalization,  etc.     Few  books  are  so  timely,  none  more  frank. 

solution  is  the  theme  of  this  new  novel,  perhaps 

$1.75  net. 

the  strongest  and  most  vital  of  all  the  success- 
ful novels  of  these  two  talented  collaborators. 

Insurgent  Mexico 

Illustrated  by  C.  H.  Taffs.     $1.35  net. 

By  John  Reed. 

By  E.  Temple  Thurston,  Author  of 
"Richard  Furlong." 

Achievement 

This  is  the  true  story  of  the  Mexico  of  to-day;  showing  the  peon  in 
war  and  in  peace;  intimately  portraying  the  character  of  this  little 
understood  people  and  their  leaders;  describing  many  of  the  scenes 

The  third  volume  in  the  trilogy  of  Mr.  Thur- 
ston's  character  study  of  Richard  Furlong. 

along  the  march  of  Villa's  victorious  army,  and  offering  to  the 
reader  the  only  up-to-date  and  accurate  account  of  the  situation 

Artist.     His   trials,    temptations,    ideals   and 

available.                                 $1.50  net. 

triumphs  are  described,  showing  that  each  man 
as  he  works  is  subject  to  feminine  influence 
whether  he  works  for  a  woman  or  in  despite 

Handbooks  of  South  America 

of  her.    A  true  picture  of  studio  life  In  London, 
and   peopled   with   men   and   women   worth 

A  new  and  well-arranged  series,  intended  to  supply  reliable  infor- 
mation on  the  natural  resources,  climate,  industrial  development 

By  Josephine  Daskam  Bacon,  Author  of 

and  finance  of  the  various  countries  of  South  America.     The  series 
includes:  Colombia,  by  E.  Levine;  Peru,  by  E.  C.  Vivien;  South 

"The  Inheritance." 

To-day's  Daughter 

Brazil,  by  E.  C.  Buley;  North  Brazil,  by  E.  C.  Buley;  Argentina, 
by  George  J.  Mills;  Chile,  by  George  J.  Mills. 

In  this  new  novel  Mrs.  Bacon  gives  a  vivid 

Hiacn  luusirateu,  ^z.jo  net. 

picture  of  the  earnest,  economically  Independ- 
ent woman  of  to-day  as  contrasted  with  the 
woman  whose  time  is  devoted  to  the  demands 

Bodily  Changes  in  Pain,  Hunger, 

of  modern  society.    To-day's  Daughter  is  a 
true  daughter  of  the  period  and  the  exper- 

Fear and  Rage 

iences  she  encounters  in  her  efforts  to  achieve 
a   career  are  bound   to  provoke  discussion 

By  Walter  B.  Cannon,  A.M.,  M.D.,  Professor  of 

Every  thinking  woman  should  read  the  book. 

Physiology,  Harvard  University. 

Illustrated,  $1.35  net. 
By  J.  C.  Snaith,  Author  of  "Araminta." 

A  remarkable  volume  written  in  popular  style,  aiming  to  show  the 
actual  physical  changes  which  take  place  under  the  influence  of 

Anne  Feversham 

strong  emotional  conditions.     The  subject  is  treated  in  a  unique 
manner  and  from  a  philosophical  rather  than  from  a  medical  or 

A  delightful  romance  of  the  Elizabethan  period, 
telling  how  Anne  Feversham  and  a  youthful 
political  prisoner,  whom  she  helps  to  escape, 

technical  viewpoint.     A  readable  and  informing  volume  for  the 
general  reader.         Illustrated,  $2.00  net. 

elope  and  join  Shakespeare's  troupe  of  players 
and  appear  before  the  Queen  In  "As  You  Like 
It."    Exciting  events  follow  when  they  are 

Occupational  Diseases 

discovered.    The  climax  is  both  original  and 

By  W.  Gilman  Thompson,  M.D. 

charming.              $1.35  net. 

^^rfMUti^fe 

Employers  of  large  numbers  of  people  are  now  beginning  to  realize 
that  the  conservation  of  the  health  of  the  employee  is  an  asset  not  to 

be  overlooked,  and  that  a  business  man  who  would  be  successful 

^QHBnvlHr^L. 

considers  hygiene  and  sanitation  as  important  as  a  regular  income. 

la  a^sfi  PI 

Here  is  the  first  book  published  which  covers  completely  the  field 

Bfl'$w!«^y                                          facturer  or  other  employer  in  any  field  should  be  without  it. 

KLJSX^g/                                                                                  Illustrated,  $6.00  net. 

^^SJ!J£*>                                                                            Send  for  Descriptive  Catalogue. 

D.  APPLETON  &  COMPANY,  PUBLISHERS,  NEW  YORK 

1915] 


THE   DIAL 


179 


New  and  Important  Books  of  Timely  Interest 


The  American  Year  Book 

Edited  by  Francis  G.  Wickware 

A  digest  of  progress  and  achievement  in  every  field  of  human 
endeavor  during  the  last  twelve  months.  Prepared  by  more  than 
1 20  experts  under  the  actual  supervision  of  44.  leading  national 
societies  of  America.  The  book  is  a  veritable  library  in  itself;  an 
indispensable  volume  for  those  who  would  keep  abreast  of  the  times. 
ooo  pages.  Bound  in  cloth.  Size,  8x6x2%.  $3.00  net. 

Citizens  in  Industry 

By  Charles  Richmond  Henderson,  Prof.  Sociology,  Univ.  of  Chicago. 

A  discussion  of  industrial  conditions  in  their  relations  both  to 
employer  and  employee,  proving  the  benefits  of  co-operation  for 
each  through  a  better  understanding  of  existing  needs  on  the  part 
of  the  employer,  and  a  higher  standard  of  efficiency  in  the  employee. 
_  ,f  _  $1-50  net. 

Lire  Insurance 

By  Solomon  S.  Huebner,  Prof,  of  Ins.  and  Com.,  Univ.  of  Penn. 

A  complete  exposition  of  the  principles  of  life  insurance  represent- 
ing years  of  work  by  the  author  under  the  supervision  of  the 
National  Association  of  Life  Underwriters.  Every  phase  of  the 
subject  is  covered  and  much  new  material  not  usually  found  to  be 
available  to  the  general  reader  is  included  in  the  book.  $2.00  net. 

The  Business  of  Advertising 

By  Earnest  Elmo  Calkins,  of  Calkins  and  Holden. 

This  is  really  the  only  book  published  which  gives  a  comprehensive 
view  of  the  entire  field  of  advertising  work.  A  book  for  the  man- 
ager, manufacturer  and  the  consumer,  but  especially  for  the  person 
who  would  make  advertising  a  profession.  Illustrated,  $2.00  net. 


Railroad  Accounting 


By  William  E.  Hooper,  Associate  Editor  of  The  Railway  Age  Gazette. 

A  comprehensive  discussion  of  the  general  principles  of  railroad 
accounting  and  includes  a  description  of  the  general  work  of  the 
auditor's  office.  Illustrated  with  charts  and  forms.  $2.00  net. 

Fundamentals  of  Plant  Breeding 

By  John  M.  Coulter,  Head  of  the  Department  of 
Botany,  University  of  Chicago. 

A  popular  work  written  to  show  how  new  and  desirable  plants  are 
developed.     It   gives   the   latest   information   on  plant  breeding, 
making  it  invaluable  to  farmers,  florists,  gardeners,  teachers  and 
everyone  concerned  in  raising  plants  of  any  kind. 
Illustrated,  $1.50  net. 

RECENT  TECHNICAL  PUBLICATIONS 
Motor  Cycle  Principles  and  the  Light  Car 

By  Roger  B.  Whitman,  Author  of  "Motor  Car  Principles." 

In  this  handy  little  volume  the  author  has  gathered  all  the  informa- 
tion anyone  needs  to  have  about  the  motorcycle,  Ford  or  other 
small  car.  Illustrated,  $1.50  net. 

Electric  Lighters  and  Starters 

By  Harold  H.  U.  Cross. 

Bound  in  red  cloth,  $1.23  net. 

Cements,  Pastes,  Glues  and  Gums 

By  H.  C.  Standage. 

Cloth,  $0.75  net. 

Civil  Engineering,  Types  and  Devices 

By  T.  W.  Barber. 

1,760  illustrations.     $3.00  net. 

The  Making  of  High  Roads 

By  A.  E.  Carey. 

izmo,  cloth.     $0.85  net. 

The  Pocket  Book  of  Refrigeration  and 
Ice-Making 

By  A.  J.  Wallis-Taylor. 

Crown,  8vo,  cloth,  illustrated.    $1.25  net. 

Paper  and  Its  Uses 

By  Edward  A.  Dawe. 

Small  8vo,  cloth.    $1.50  net. 

Wireless  Telephones 

By  James  Erskine-Murray. 

Crown,  8vo,  cloth,  illustrated.    $0.50  net, 

Send  for  Descriptive  Catalogue. 


Three  Notable  New 

Volumes  on 
Municipal  Matters 

Woman's  Work  in 
Municipalities 

By  Mary  Ritter  Beard 

An  able  and  comprehensive  review 
of  what  women  all  over  the  United 
States  are  accomplishing  and  what 
they  are  aiming  for  in  various 
departments  of  municipal  activity 
and  social  betterment.  The  story 
Mrs.  Beard  tells  will  stimulate  the 
women  of  America  to  still  greater 
endeavors  to  make  American  cities 
betterplaces  in  which  to  live.  $i. Sonet. 

Lower  Living  Costs 
in  Cities 

By  Clyde  Lyndon  King,  Ph.D., 

Professor  of  Political  Science,  University  of  Penn. 

A  book  of  timely  interest  to  the 
domestic  as  well  as  the  municipal 
housekeeper  discussing  the  open 
market  and  the  plan  for  co-opera- 
tive purchasing,  distribution,  fixa- 
tion of  wholesale  prices  on  food- 
stuffs, the  middleman,  municipal 
markets  and  direct  marketing,  taxa- 
tion, government  efficiency,  etc. 
$1.50  net. 

The  City  Manager, 
A  New  Profession 

By  Harry  Aubrey  Toulmin,  Jr. 

A  complete  study  of  the  new  form 
of  municipal  government  in  charge 
of  one  city  manager,  which  has  been 
adopted  in  many  cities  of  the  South 
and  West.  The  book  goes  into  the 
actual  working  of  this  plan  of  gov- 
ernment and  it  should  be  read  by 
all  thoughtful  citizens  who  are 
interested  in  improving  municipal 
government,  whether  in  a  large  or 
a  small  city.  $1.50  net. 


D.  APPLETON  &  COMPANY,  PUBLISHERS   NEW  YORK 


180 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


TWO  IMPORTANT  BOOKS— 

JUST  PUBLISHED 


Heredity  and  Environment 
in  the  Development  of  Men 

By  EDWIN  GRANT  CONKLIN 

PROFESSOR  OF  BIOLOGY  IN  PRINCETON  UNIVERSITY 

"One  of  the  ablest  discussions  of  the  problem 
that  we  have  yet  seen.  ...  In  addition 
to  being  one  of  the  American  authorities  on  this 
subject,  Dr.  Conklin  has  the  happy  faculty  of 
being  able  to  make  the  intricacies  of  science 
interesting  to  the  layman." — Publisher's  Weekly. 

"There  is  no  higher  type  of  scientific  research 
than  that  which  applies  to  the  origin  of  man  and 
the  agencies  which  operate  for  his  development 
to  the  highest  type,  and  Prof.  Conklin  has  done 
a  great  work  in  this  direction  in  these  lectures." 
— Wilmington  Every  Evening. 

Comprises  the  N.  W.  Harris  lectures  delivered 
at  Northwestern  University. 

548  pages,  $2.00  net;  by  mail,  $2.10. 


The  Scotch- Irish  in 
America 

By  HENRY  JONES  FORD 

PROFESSOR  OF  POLITICS  IN  PRINCETON  UNIVERSITY 

"The  'plantation'  of  the  north  of  Ireland, 
principally  by  Scottish  settlers;  the  formation  of 
the  'Scotch-Irish'  'breed,'  the  emigration  of  a 
host  of  its  members  to  America  and  their  influ- 
ence in  shaping  early  American  history  and  insti- 
tutions form  a  historical  sequence  so  logically 
complete  that  it  is  a  wonder  the  representatives 
of  that  interesting,  energetic  and  cohesive 
element  in  the  American  racial  composite  have 
so  long  permitted  their  history  to  rest  in  widely 
dispersed  and  not  easily  accessible  documents, 
records  and  fragmentary  essays.  Professor 
Ford's  painstaking  research  leaves  little  material 
available  for  aftercomers,  and  his  compact, 
straightforward  presentation  leaves  nothing  to  be 
desired  in  respect  of  literary  dress. " — N.  Y.  Sun. 

616  pages,  $2.00  net;  by  mail,  $2.10. 


Of  all  Booksellers.     Complete  catalogue  of  Princeton  University  Press  Publications  sent  on  request. 

PRINCETON  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 


CLARENDON  PRESS  PUBLICATIONS 


Uniform  with  The  Oxford  Book  of  English    Verse 


The  Oxford  Book  of  American  Essays 

Chosen  by  BRANDER  MATTHEWS 
Crown  8vo.     Cloth,     pp.  xi+so8.     Net,  $1.25 

Just  Ready.  Second  Edition 

The  Greek  Commonwealth 

Politics  and  Economics  in  Fifth-Century  Athens. 

By  ALFRED  E.  ZIMMERN. 

8vo.     Cloth.     With  Map.     pp.  457.     $2.00. 

Review  of  First  Edition. 

"As  a  text-book,  or  as  a  reference  work  for  the  principles 
underlying  the  unfolding  of  Greek  civilization,  this  vol- 
ume is  eminently  worthy." — Literary  Digest. 

Just  Ready.  Third  Edition. 

The  Government  of  India 

Being  a  Digest  of  the  Statute  Law  Relating  Thereto,  with 
historical  introduction  and  explanatory  matter.  By 

SIR  COURTENAY  ILBERT,  G.C.B.,  K.C.S.I. 

8vo.     Cloth,     pp.  xxxvii-\-40Q.     $4.75. 
Homogeneous  Linear  Substitutions 

By  HAROLD  HILTON,  M.A.,  D.Sc. 
8vo.     Cloth,     pp.  184.     $4.15. 

Electricity  in  Gases 

By.  J.  S.  TOWNSEND. 

8vo.     Cloth,     pp.  xv+406.     $4.75. 

Studies  in  Carto-Bibliography: 

British  and  French,  and  in  the  Bibliography  of  Itineraries 
ind  Roadbooks      By  SIR  HERBERT  GEORGE  FORDHAM. 
Svo,  cloth,  pp.  xii+180.  with  four  illustrations.     $2.00. 


American  College  and  University  Series 

General  Editor,  GEORGE  PHILIP  KRAPP 

Crown  8vo.  Cloth.  Gilt  top.  With  illustrations.  Each  $1.SO. 
"The  peculiar  merits  of  this  series  are  charm  and  accu- 
racy. The  books  are  not  only  informative  but  inter- 
estingly written." — The  Boston  Transcript. 

HARVARD  By  JOHN  HAYS  GARDINER 

"In  a  sense,  this  book  can  be  said  to  be  the  last  word 
on  this  noted  institution.  The  scholarship  of  the 
author,  his  accuracy,  his  insight  into  his  college,  and 
his  grasp  of  the  English  language  are  so  undisputed 
that  no  other  treatment  can  quite  equal  this." — Times 
Advertiser,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

PRINCETON  By  VARNUM  LANSING  COLLINS 

"Will  be  read  with  much  profit,  not  only  by  Princeton 
graduates  but  by  many  others  because  of  the  prom- 
inent role  that  this  institution  has  played  in  the  history 
of  this  country." — The  Dial. 

COLUMBIA  By  FREDERICK  PAUL  KEPPEL 

"Unlike  many  historical  books  about  colleges,  Dean 
Keppel's  'Columbia'  is  not  only  carefully  written,  but 
very  interesting.  It  shows  a  sense  of  proportion  and 
envelops  the  subject  in  a  vital  atmosphere." — The 
Outlook. 

Other  volumes  in  preparation. 


The  Growth  of  English  Drama    By  ARNOLD  WYNNE 

Crown  8vo,  pp.  2*2.     $1.15. 

Contents:  Early  Church  Drama  on  the  Continent,  English 
Miracle  Plays,  Moralities  and  Interludes,  Rise  of  Comedy 
and  Tragedy.  Comedy:  Lyly,  Greene,  Peele,  Nash. 
Tragedy:  Lodge,  Kyd,  Marlowe,  Arden  of  Feversham, 
The  Elizabethan  Stage. 


At  All  Booksellers.     Send  for  Complete  Catalogue. 


OXFORD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS,  AMERICAN  BRANCH, 


35  West  32nd  St.,  New  York 


i9io]  THE   DIAL  isi 

AUTHENTIC  BOOKS  ON  ALL  SUBJECTS 

MOTHERCRAFT  By  Sarah  Comstock 

Mr.  William  Frederick  Bigelou1,  Editor  Good  Housekeeping  Magazine,  says: 

"  Miss  Comstock's  book  is  the  newest  and  most  authoritative  work  on  caring  for  the  baby  that  it  is  possible  to  get. " 

Illustrated,    {r.oo  net. 

MODERN  WARFARE  By  Henry  Smith  Williams,  M.D.,  LL.D. 

The  first  book  in  English  describing  modern  warfare  methods,  mechanisms  and  military  terms. 

Illustrated.    $2.00  net. 

DEFENSELESS  AMERICA  By  Hudson  Maxim 

The  famous  inventor  is  recognized  as  an  authority  on  military  subjects  and  his  book  points  out  clearly  the  present  condition  of  the 
American  Army,  Navy  and  fortifications.  Illustrated.     $2.00  net. 

CALIFORNIA— THE  WONDERFUL  By  Edwin  Markham 

The  New  York  Times  says: 

"California  has  not  had  a  more  vivid  and  exalted  exposition  than  given  in  this  book." 

Illustrated.    $2.50  net. 

1,001  TESTS  OF  FOODS,  BEVERAGES  By  Harvey  W.  Wiley,  M.D. 

and  Toilet  Accessories 

The  book  tells  not  only  what  to  avoid  but  what  to  put  on  the  pantry  shelf. 

THE  CHARM  OF  THE  ANTIQUE  By  Robert  and  Elizabeth  Shackleton 

A  book  of  present-day  possibilities  for  simple  expenditure. 

Numerous  illustrations.     $2.50  net,  boxed. 

NOT  BY  BREAD  ALONE  By  Harvey  W.  Wiley,  M.D. 

In  this  volume  Dr.  Wiley  sets  forth  the  fundamental  principles  of  nutrition. 

Illustrated.    {2.00  net. 

FOUR  ON  A  TOUR  IN  ENGLAND  By  Robert  and  Elizabeth  Shackleton 

The  Shackletons  have  scored  another  success  —  a  book  of  wider  appeal,  greater  interest  than  anything  they  have  done  before. 

Illustrated.    $2.50  net. 

MY  OWN  STORY  By  Emmeline  Pankhurst 

This  volume  will  be  recognized  at  once  as  the  most  complete  and  authoritative  presentation  of  the  Woman  Suffrage  movement  in 
England  and  America.  Illustrated.    $2.00  net. 

INCREASING  YOUR  MENTAL  EFFICIENCY 

By  Edward  Huntingtpn  Williams,  M.D. 

This  interesting  and  timely  volume  shows  how  efficiency  may  be  attained  through  mental  poise  by  raising  mental  hygiene  to  the  level 
of  physical  hygiene.  Illustrated.    Si.oo  net. 

ADDING  YEARS  TO  YOUR  LIFE        By  Henry  Smith  Williams,  M.D.,  LL.D. 

The  secrets  of  keeping  young,  how  to  overcome  many  common  ills  and  be  relieved  from  the  danger  of  many  others. 

Illustrated.     Ji.oo  net. 

Now  Ready  American  Edition 

KING  ALBERT'S  BOOK 

A  tribute  to  the  Belgian  King  and  people  from  over  two  hundred  representative  men  and 
women  throughout  the  world  —  Princes,  Statesmen,  Diplomatists,  Ecclesiastics,  Scholars,  Scien- 
tists, Men  and  Women  of  Letters,  Artists,  Composers,  etc.  Superbly  illustrated  in  colors. 

FOR  THE  BELGIAN  FUND 

All  publishing  profits  from  the  sale  of  the  book  will  go  to  the  Belgian  Fund. 

Quarto,  8M  x  1 1  inches Cloth  $i .  50  net. 

Gift  Edition Full  leather,  $5 .  oo  net. 

FICTION  WORTH  WHILE 

THE  UNKNOWN  COUNTRY  By  Coningsby  Dawson 

With  rare  vividness  the  author  describes  experiences  in  the  World  Beyond. 

Illustrated.    $0.50  net. 

THE  ENEMY  By  George  Randolph  and  Lillian  Chester 

Many  critical  readers  who  are  following  the  serial  have  written  the  editor  praising  "The  Enemy"  as  one  of  the  biggest  novels  of  the 
year.  Illustrated.    $1.35  net. 

THREE  THINGS  By  Elinor  Glyn 

Mrs.  Glyn's  latest  book  is  the  mature  expression  of  a  worldly  and  wise  woman's  view  on  the  deeper  problems  of  present  day  existence 

Illustrated.     35  cents  net. 

THE  COCOON  By  Ruth  McEnery  Stuart 

A  delightful  fantasy,  written  by  that  past-mistress  of  her  art  —  Ruth  McEnery  Stuart,  who  has  endeared  herself  to  millions  of  readers 
by  her  stories  of  Southern  life.  Illustrated.    $1.00  net. 

THE  SEAS  OF  GOD  Anonymous 

In  "The  Seas  of  God"  the  author,  who  prefers  for  the  present  to  remain  anonymous,  has  written  one  of  the  most  remarkable  human 
documents  of  recent  years.  Illustrated.     $1.35  net. 

DELIA  BLANCHFLOWER  By  Mrs.  Humphry  Ward 

The  Boston  Transcript  says: 

"It  is  fiction  at  its  best,  fiction  at  Mrs.  Ward's  best." 

Illustrated.    $1.35  net. 

HEARST'S  INTERNATIONAL  LIBRARY  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK 


182 


THE   DIAL 


March  18 


only  Tibs. 

ThelNDiA-B\PEREdition  of 

WEBSTER'S 

NEW  INTERNATIONAL 

The  Merr/am  Webster 


It  is  a  real  pleasure  to  use  The  Supreme  Authority  in  this 
new  and  convenient  edition.  A  delighted  purchaser  writes: 
"The  volume  is  so  flexible,  so  portable,  so  agreeable,  so 
readable  that  looking  up  a  word  has  lost  all  its  terror. " 

2>?  inches  of  shelf  room  hold  this  wonder- 
fully compact  storehouse  of  authentic 
information.  Only  half  as  thick,  only  half 
as  heavy  as  the  Regular  Edition.  Printed 
on  expensive,  thin,  strong,  opaque, 
India  Paper. 

PUZZLING  WAR  WORDS 

as  Landxturm,  Contraband,  Belligerent,  Batum, 
Blockade,  Flanders,  Moratorium,  Transylvania, 

and  thousands  of  others  are  clearly  defined  or 
located  in  the  Webster's  New  International. 

THE  ONE  STANDARD  AUTHORITY 


400,000  Vocabulary  Terms. 

30,000  Geographical  Subjects. 

12,000  Biographical  Entries. 
Thousands  of  other  References. 
Hundreds  of  NEW  Words  not  given 

in  any  other  dictionary. 
6,000  Illustrations.    2,700  Pages. 


Colored  Plates  and  Half - 
Tone  Engravings. 


The  only  dictionary  with 

the  new    divided   page, 

characterized  "A  Stroke 

of  Genius."  Type  matter 

is  equivalent  to  that  of  a 

25-volume  encyclopedia. 

More  Scholarly,  Accurate,  Convenient,  and  Authoritative  than  any  other  English 
Dictionary.    Critical  comparison  with  all  other  dictionaries  is  invited.  / 

WRITE  for  specimen  pages  of  both  India-Paper  and  Regular  Editions.  *£ra 


It  is  the  standard  of  the  Federal  and  State  Courts. 

The  standard  of  the  Government  Printing  Office.     +~ ' 

The   standard  of  nearly  all  the  schoolbooks.   f 

Indorsed  by  every  State  School  Superintend-  S 

ent.  Universally  recommended  by  States-  f      o  4  0  j 

men,  College  Presidents,  Educators,  and  S    MERRIAM] 

Authors.  Adhered  to  as  standard  by  ^     c0--  SPRING-. 

over  99  %  of  the  newspapers.   The  jf 

above  cannot  be  said  of  any  other/^  m  ^  nfivy 

dictionary.  'VIDED  PAGE.  Illuitra-J 

>'tiona,   India  and  Regular! 

•Papers,  etc.  I 


G.  &  C.  MERRIAM  COMPANY,  SPRINGFIELD,  MASS.,  U.  S.  A.  / 

S  Address. 


For  over  70  years  publishers  of  the  Genuine- Webster  Dictionaries. 


»  naeful  let  of  pocket  f\  f  i  I 

mapsi^youjnention  IM  A ^ 


The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art 

announces  the  publication  of  a  HANDBOOK 

OF  THE  CESNOLA  COLLECTION  OF  AN- 
TIQUITIES FROM  CYPRUS,  by  John  L. 
Myres,  Wykeham  Professor  of  Oxford 
University.  Iv  +  596  pp.  ills.  pis.  map,  8vo. 
Price  $2,  postage  22  cents. 

The  most  important  publication  on  this  subject, 

Shortly  to  be  published: 

Catalogue  of  Greek,  Etruscan  and  Roman 

Bronzes  by  Glsela  M.  A.  Richter. 


Short -Story  Writing 

A  Course  of  forty  lessons  in  the  history, 
form,  structure,  and  writing  of  the 
Short-Story   taught   by   Dr.  J.  Berg 
Esenwein,  Editor  of  Lippincott's  Magazine. 
One  student  writes:     "/  know  that  you  will 
be  pleased  when  I  tell  you  that  I  have  just 
received  a  check  for  $125  from  'Everybody's' 
for  a  humorous  story.    They  ask  far  more. 
i  am  feeling  very  happy,  and  very  grateful  to 
Dr.  Esenwein." 

Also  courses  in  Photoplay  Writing,  Versi- 
fication and  Poetics,  Journalism.  In  all, 
over  One  Hundred  Courses,  under  profes- 
sors in  Harvard,  Brown,  Cornell,  and  other 
leading  colleges. 


Dr.  EMaireln 


250-Page  Catalog  Free.     Please  Address 
The  Home  Correspondence  School 

Dept.  571  Springfield,  Mn»». 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


183 


LATEST 

A.LA.  Adoptions 

Important  Spring  Books 

JOHN  LANE  COMPANY'S  NEW  BOOKS 

ROMANTIC  HISTORY                    A  TRUE  SPORTSMAN 

AMONG  THE 

A  PLAYMATE                    A  PILGRIM'S  SCRIP 

CANADIAN  ALPS 

OF    PHILIP    II.                            By  R.  CAMPBELL  THOMPSON 

By  LAWRENCE  J.  BURPEE 

By  LADY  MORETON                               r,^,ilh  £'  JU£2rattoMS   and   a   Map' 

With  four  full-page  color  plates  and 
forty  reproductions  from  photographs,  and 
six   maps.     Boxed.     Cloth.     $3.00  net. 
"The  best  and  most  beautiful  illus- 
trations of  the  Canadian  Rockies  that 
have    appeared    in    book    form.     The 
text  is  sincere,  enthusiastic  and  care- 

With n  illustrations.     Cloth.    $3.00      ^eszpirture  of  a  man  dealing 
The  romantic  storv  of  Don  Martin       with  stran8e  men  m  strange  lands;  not 

hfstory      DoS  Martin^neraUy  said      of  the  Pictures1ue  and  withal  a  scholar. 

ful.  "  —  Springfield  Republican. 

ta'^Dmfeote?1?rigin*  °f  the  °Uke       A  WOMAN'S  ADVENTURES 

THE  THEATRE 
OF  TODAY 

RACY  RECOLLECTIONS           WITH  THE  TIN  GODS 

By  H.  K.  MODERWELL 

•  tll>    -ru  AT                                      By  MRS.  HORACE  TREMLETT 

MRU     1  MA  1                                             With  24  illustrations.     Cloth.     $3.30 

With  32  illustrations  and  numerous 
line  cuts.     Cloth.     $1.50  net. 

REMINDS    ME                              "*  Mrs.  Tremlett  went  with  her  husband 

"It  is  the  first  of  its  great  scope  and 
one  likely  to  remain  the  best  for  years 

By  STANLEY  COXON                               and  some  other  members  of  a  syndicate 
With  41  illustrations.     Cloth.     $3.30      on  a  journey  in  search  of  tin  in  Northern 

to  come."  —  Chicago   Tribune. 

net.                                                                    Nigeria.     This  book  is  a  racy,  enter- 

CARILLONS  OF 

Mr.  Coxon  s  experiences  have  been      taining  and  very  human  account  of  their 
wide,  for  he  has  been  eight  times  'round      adventures,  brightened  by  many  stories 

BELGIUM 

the  world  in  sailing  ships,  to  say  nothing      and  touches  of  humor, 
of  voyages  under  steam.     He  knows 

AND  HOLLAND 

life,  too,  and  depicts  it  for  us  in  the            ????????? 
Andaman    Islands,    Burma,    Australia 

By  WILLIAM  GORHAM  RICE 

With  32  illustrations,  a  map,  etc.     Cloth. 

WHAT  IS  CHRISTIAN 

$1.50  net. 
"This  work  is  the  result  of  painstak- 

FOR THE  BELGIANS              SCIENCE? 

ing  and  careful  original  investigation, 
deriving  additional  value  from  the  fact 
that  perhaps  many  of  the  towers  have 

THE  SILK-HAT                  By  THOMAS  w.  WILBY 

Q|>|  |\|pB                                                 Cloth.     7  s  cents  net. 

^9  \J  mm  MJ  1  ^m  ^»                                                 ^     simple      concise     statement,     of 

been  destroyed  by  the  war."-  —  -Alfred 

By  RICHARD  LE  GALLIENNE              Christian  Science,  which  aims  neither 

Remy,  Musical  Critic. 

Boards.     50  cents  net.                                 to    prejudice   nor   to   make    converts. 

ARCADIAN 
ADVENTURES  WITH 

A  small  volume  of  War  Poems,  sev-      The  author  gives  the  logical  result  of 
eral  of  which  have  not  appeared  in  print      his  study  of  the  fundamentals  of  the 
before.     The  profits  derived  from  the      Science  and  their  relation  to  Health, 
sales  of  this  book  will  be  donated  to  the      Prosperity,  Success,  Opportunity,  Busi- 

THE  IDLE  RICH 

Belgian  Relief  Fund.                                    ness,  and  so  forth. 

By  STEPHEN  LEACOCK 

"Nonsense  Novels,"  etc.  Cloth.  $i.2snet. 
"One  of  the  best  bits  of  witty  sarcasm 

FICTION    SUCCESSES 

in  recent  print."  —  The  Dial. 

AN  EMOTIONAL  COMPLEX              A  BRILLIANT  NOVEL 

BELLAMY 

By  ELINOR  MORDAUNT 

THE  CHALK  LINE           THE  GOOD  SOLDIER 

Author    of   "Simpson,"    etc.     Cloth. 

By  ANNE  WARWICK                              By  FORD  MADOX  HUEFFER 

$1.35  net. 
"Unlike  so  many  novels,  'Bellamy' 

Author  of"  Victory  Law,"  etc.     Cloth.          Author  of  "  The  Fifth  Queen,  "  etc. 
$125  net                                                          Cloth.     $1.25  net. 

is  worth  a  careful  and  attentive  read- 
ing. "  —  New  York  Times. 

By  a  clever  adjustment  of  circum-          An  unusual  psychological  story  of  a 
stances  at  Shanghai,  four  people  (three      little  four-square  coterie,  composed  of 

THE  PRESENTATION 

men  and  a  woman)  find  themselves  shut      an  Englishman  and  his  wife  and  an 
up  together  without  escape,  and  their    •  American  couple  sojourning  in  Europe. 

By  H.  DE  VERB  STACPOOLE 

relations  to  one  another  make  the  situ-      Humor,    pathos    and    tragedy    mingle 

Author  of  "  The  Blue  Lagoon,  "  "Chil- 

ation extremely  piquant.     The  tangle      m   the   account   of   their   nine   years' 

dren  of  the  Sea,"  etc.     I2mo.     Colored 

of  their  affairs  is  unraveled  with  great      friendship,  and  the  ending  of  it  is  unex- 

Frontispiece.     Cloth.     $1.30  net. 

dexterity  and  with  a  keen  insight  into      pected  and  most  artistically  told. 

"Combining^  political  history  and 

the  varieties  of  love  as  the  outcome  of 

a  radiant  love'  story,   'The  Presenta- 

characters noble  or  mean.                                   REAL  DETECTIVE  TALES 

tion'  will  appeal  to  that  large  class  of 

readers     who     delight     in     historical 
romances."  —  Baltimore  Evening  Sun. 

Discontented,  Take  Warning!          THE  WISDOM   OF 

A  DM  i  AD  or  CAI  T        FATHER  BROWN 

BUT  SHE 

*»    KILLAIf   %Jf    9MLI             By  GILBERT  K.  CHESTERTON 

MEANT  WELL 

By  HORACE  W.  C.  NEWTE                        Author  of  "The  Innocence  of  Father 
Author  of  "Sparrows,"  "The  Home      Brown,"  "The  Flying  Inn,"  etc.    Cloth. 

By  WILLIAM  CAINE 

of  the  Seven  Devils,"  etc.     Cloth.     $1.35      $1.30  net. 

Author  of  "  The  Irresistible  Intruder," 

net.                                                                        "Tales  of  crime  and  discovery,  clues 

"  Hoffman's  Chance,"  etc.    I2mo.   Cloth. 

"That  'idle  wife'  to  whom  novelists      and  false  leads  and  all  the  rest  of  the 

$1.30  net. 

and   sociologists  are  just   now  paying      thrilling  material  which  will  make  any 

"We    confess    to    having    chuckled 

such  devoted  and  exclusive  attention      normal  human  being  sit  up  and  keep 

again  and  again  and  laughed  with  reck- 

is the  centre  of  this  study.     The  story      on  sitting  up  long  past  the  proper  hour 

less  abandon  a  number  of  times  in  the 

is  developed  with  the  insight  for  real      for  bed.     Mr.   Chesterton  deserves  a 

reading."  —  New  York  Evening  Sun. 

conditions,  for  real  states  of  mind,  and      rousing  cheer  —  in  fact,  three  rousing 

MAID  OF  THE  MIST 

with  the  regard  for  detail  that  so  dis-       cheers  —  for  giving   us   another  series 
tinguishes  all  of  Mr.  Newte's  work.  "  —      of   real   and   fine    detective   tales."  — 

By  JOHN  OXENHAM 

Washington  Star.                                           New  York  Times. 

Author  of  "  Red  Wrath,"  etc.     I2mo. 

Cloth.     $1.30  net. 

"It  contains  all  the  thrills  of  adven- 
ture that  one  can  desire."  —  Springfield 
Republican. 

JOHN  LANE  COMPANY,  New  York 

184 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  18 


Spring  Announcement.  Open  Court  New  Books 

LIBRARIANS:  Hand  this  List  of  Books  to  your  cataloguer.  If  not  already  in  your 
Reference  Room,  let  us  [send,  postpaid  for  examination,  any  book  in  the  list. 


SCIENTIFIC  METHOD  IN  PHILOSO- 
PHY. "The  Lowell  Lectures  for 
1914."  A  critique  of  Bergson's  Theories. 
By  BERTRAND  RUSSELL,  of  Cambridge,  En- 
gland. Pp.  246.  8vo.  $2.00. 
"The  book  of  the  year." — London  Press  unani- 
mous comment, 

"Every  student  of  philosophy  must  reckon 
with  this  book." — R.  M.  Wenley,  University  of 
Michigan. 

PROBLEMS  OF  SCIENCE    By  FEDERIGO 
ENRIQUES.     Authorized  translation  by  Kather- 
ine  Royce.    Pp.  300.    8vo;  cloth.    $2.50. 
Dr.    Royce    says:  "This    book   is    by    far    the 
most    thorough   and    synthetic    treatment    of   the 
problems  of  scientific  methodology  which  belongs 
to  recent  years." 

"The  work  before  us  is  perhaps  the  most  con- 
siderable contribution  to  the  discussion  since 
Mill.  "—The  Nation. 

Professor  W.  B.  Smith,  Tulane  University, 
says:  "I  propose  to  use  Enriques'  'Problems  of 
Science'  as  the  basis  of  a  course  in  scientific  phi- 
losophy. " 

HISTORY  OF  JAPANESE  MATHE- 
MATICS.    By  YOSHIO  MIKAMI  and  DAVID 

EUGENE    SMITH.      Pp.    302.    8vo;  cloth.      Richly 

illustrated.     $3.00. 

"The  authors  have  conferred  a  real  service  to 

all  mathematicians  by  the  loving  care  with  which 

they  set  out  the  story  of  mathematics  in  Japan." 

— C.  S.  Jackson. 

WAVES  OF  SAND  AND  SNOW.    By 

VAUGHAN  CORNISH,   Doctor  of  Science,   Man- 
chester  University.     Pp.    378.  8vo;  cloth.      Il- 
lustrated;   88    photographs    and    30    diagrams, 
and  two  maps.     $2.50. 
A  book  of  experiment  and  observation  of  the 

behavior  of  gravel,  sand,  and  dust  before  the  wind. 

Dr.  Cornish  is  an  acknowledged  authority  on  the 

subject  of  wave  action. 

NIETZSCHE    AND    OTHER    EXPO- 
NENTS OF  INDIVIDUALISM.    By 

PAUL    CARUS.      Illustrated    with    portraits    of 

Nietzsche.     Cloth.     $1.25. 

A  well-balanced  presentation  of  Nietzsche's 
philosophy.  The  appearance  of  a  philosopher  like 
Nietzsche  is  a  symptom  of  the  times.  He  is  one 
representative  among  several  others  of  an  anti- 
scientific  tendency. 
A  NEW  LOGIC.  By  Dr.  CHARLES  MERCIER. 

Physician  for  mental  diseases  at  Charing  Cross 

Hospital,  London.    Pp.  422.    $3.00. 

The  author  regards  the  theories  of  Aristotle 
the  main  obstacle  to  a  scientific  attitude  in  logic. 


CULTURE  OF  ANCIENT  ISRAEL. 

By  CARL  H.  CORNILL.  Pp.  200.  8vo;  cloth.  $1.00. 

"No  writer  on  Old  Testament  times  has  set 
forth  his  theme  more  picturesquely  than  Cornill. 
There  is  something  intensely  lifelike  and  often- 
times dramatic  in  the  presentatio_n  of  his  subject. 
Thoroughly  scholarly  in  his  spirit,  he  is  popular 
in  his  manner,  and  this  new  book  is  a  strong  ad- 
dition to  his  two  noted  works  on  'The  History  of 
Israel'  and  'The  Prophets.'" — Boston  Transcript. 

THE  ALGEBRA  OF  LOGIC.   By  Louis 

COUTURAT.  Authorized  translation  by  Lydia 
G.  Robinson,  with  preface  by  Philip  E.  B. 
Jourdain.  Pp.  41.  8vo;  cloth.  An  introduc- 
tion to  the  study  of  mathematical  logic.  $1.50. 
One  of  the  simplest  and  most  concise  treatments 
of  the  subject  of  symbolic  logic. 

THE  HISTORICAL  CHRIST;  or,  An 
Investigation  of  the  Views  of  Mr.  J. 
A.  Robertson,  Dr.  A.  Drews  and  Prof. 
W.  B.  Smith.  By  FRED  CONYBEARE,  M.  A., 
F.B.A.  Pp.  235.  8vo;  cloth.  Price,  $1.50  net. 
This  author  deals  the  "  'Christ  Myth'  theories 

a  smashing  blow.     A   good   antidote   to   reckless 

writers." — The  Continent. 

ANALYSIS    OF    SENSATIONS,    Phy- 
sical and    Psychical.      By  ERNST  MACH. 
Third  edition  new.    Cloth.    $1.50. 
"A  writer  with  a  reputation  like  that  of  Mach 
needs  no  introduction.     This  is  perhaps  his  best- 
known  publication. " — Cambridge  Magazine. 

ESSAYS  ON  THE  LIFE  OF  NEWTON. 

By  AUGUSTUS  DE  MORGAN.     Cloth.     $1.25. 

"An  essay  concerning  the  great  controversy 
about  the  invention  of  the  infinitesimal  calculus, 
in  which  Newton  and  Leibnitz  were  the  princi- 
pals."— Boston  Transcript. 

"Excellent  essays  dealing  with  that  peren- 
nially interesting  intellectual  giant  Isaac  New- 
ton."— Chicago  Journal. 

"Here  will  be  found  some  facts  not  ordinarily 
known  concerning  the  great  philosopher." — Daily 
News,  Chicago. 

(In  Prett. ) 

THE  BUDGET  OF  PARADOXES.    By 

AUGUSTUS  DE  MORGAN.    Cloth.  2  vols.  $10.00. 

"It  is  only  quite  recently  that  mathematicians 
and  logicians  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that 
De  Morgan  was  one  of  the  acutest  minds  of  the 
nineteenth  century;  and  it  has  been  left  for  the 
Open  Court  to  arrive  at  the  entirely  justifiable 
decision  that  everything  he  wrote  is  worthy  of 
republication.  This  collection  is  a  particularly 
welcome  addition  to  the  list." — Cambridge  Maga- 
zine, England. 


Send  for  Complete  Catalogue 

THE  OPEN  COURT  PUBLISHING  COMPANY, 


CHICAGO 


1915]  THE   DIAL  185 


The  University  of  Chicago  Press 

Forthcoming  Books 

The  Modern  Study  of  Literature.    By  RICHARD  GREEN  MOULTON, 

Head  of  the  Department  of  General  Literature  in  the  University  of  Chicago. 

An  introduction  to  literary  theory  and  interpretation  by  the  Head  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  General  Literature  in  the  University  of  Chicago.  The  purpose  of  this  work  is 
to  discuss  the  Study  of  Literature :  what  it  must  become  if  it  is  to  maintain  its  place  in 
the  foremost  ranks  of  modern  studies.  The  author's  previous  well-known  books  on 
literary  criticism  and  his  long  and  successful  experience  in  the  public  presentation  of 
literature  have  especially  fitted  him  for  the  authoritative  discussion  of  this  great  problem 
of  modern  education.  i2mo,  cloth;  $2. 50,  postage  extra. 

Senescence  and  Rejuvenescence.    By  CHARLES  MANNING  CHILD, 

Associate  Professor  of  Zoology  in  the  University  of  Chicago. 

This  book  presents  as  the  results  of  certain  experimental  methods  of  investigation 
some  definite  knowledge  concerning  the  processes  of  senescence  and  rejuvenescence  in 
the  lower  animals.  The  most  important  result  of  the  investigation  is  the  demonstration 
of  the  occurrence  of  rejuvenescence  quite  independently  of  sexual  reproduction.  The 
book  differs  from  most  previous  studies  of  senescence  in  that  it  attempts  to  show  that 
in  the  organic  world  in  general  rejuvenescence  is  just  as  fundamental  and  important  a 
process  as  senescence.  8vo,  cloth;  $3.00,  postage  extra. 

University  Of  Chicago  Sermons.  By  Members  of  the  University  Faculties. 
This  book  contains  eighteen  sermons  delivered  by  as  many  leading  men  from  the 
faculties  of  the  University  of  Chicago.  In  each  sermon  appears  the  best  thought  of 
a  well-known  scholar  on  a  particular  phase  of  religious  life.  The  contributors  include 
representatives  not  only  of  the  biblical  and  theological  departments  of  the  University, 
but  also  of  education,  sociology,  and  philosophy.  A  combination  of  modern  scholarship 
and  pulpit  power  that  makes  a  volume  of  religious  inspiration  for  both  minister  and 
layman.  I2mo,  cloth;  $1.^0,  postage  extra. 

Religious  Education  in  the  Family.     (Constructive  Studies,  Ethical 

Group.)    By  HENRY  F.  COPE,  General  Secretary  of  the  Religious  Education  Association. 

The  author  deals  with  the  real  meaning  of  religious  education  in  and  through  the 
home  and  its  significance  to  society.  He  interprets  past  customs  and  recommends 
many  new  and  definite  practices  for  the  direction  of  the  child's  religious  ideals  and 
activities.  To  the  sane  discussion  of  family  worship,  church-going,  the  Bible  in  the 
home,  and  Sunday  occupations,  the  author  adds  illuminating  chapters  on  the  family 
table,  stories  and  reading,  week-day  activities,  the  school,  moral  crises,  and  other  vital 
topics.  A  book  especially  valuable  for  parents'  associations  and  classes,  and  all  indi- 
viduals and  organizations  interested  in  child  welfare  and  the  promotion  of  a  Christian 
type  of  home.  I2mo,  cloth;  $1.25,  postage  extra. 

The  City  Institute  for  Religious  Teachers.    (Principles  and  Methods 

of  Religious  Education.)     By  WALTER  S.  ATHEARN,  Professor  of  Religious  Education 

in  Drake  University. 

A  city  institute  is  the  result  of  the  application  of  the  common-sense  business  principle 
of  combination  of  effort  and  resources  to  the  problem  of  training  Sunday-school  teachers. 
It  unites  Christian  people  in  the  support  of  the  work  of  religious  education  as  they  are 
united  in  the  work  of  upholding  the  common  schools.  The  author  of  this  book,  Pro- 
fessor Athearn,  of  Drake  University,  has  ably  demonstrated  the  practicability  of  the 
institute  plan  in  the  city  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  where  more  than  thirty  churches  have 
for  several  years  combined  their  forces  in  a  teacher-training  institute.  A  book  that 
shows  Sunday-school  workers  a  unique  yet  thoroughly 'tested  plan  for  gaining  efficiency 
in  teaching.  i6mo,  cloth;  75  cents,  postage  extra. 

THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO  PRESS    ::    CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 


186 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  18 


Important  New  Publications  of 

HARPER  &  BROTHERS 


THE  TURMOIL.    By  Booth  Tarkington 

"  I  want  to  be  the  first  to  register  my  opinion  that  Booth  Tarkington's  new  novel,  '  The  Turmoil ' 
is  the  biggest  thing  that  has  been  done  in  fiction  during  the  last  ten  years.  '  The  Turmoil '  will  stand 
the  test  of  a  great  book.  The  '  Tired  Business  Man '  will  revel  in  it.  The  school  girl  will  find  it  the 
most  charming  love  story  she  has  read  in  months.  The  reader  of  literary  taste  has  waiting  for  him  a 
book  of  rare  truth  and  strength." — Albert  Frederick  Wilson,  New  York  University.  Illustrated.  $1.35 
net. 


THE  LONE  STAR  RANGER 

By  ZANE  GREY 

A  rushing  story  of  the  wild  border  days  of 
Texas  in  the  early  seventies,  with  their  desperate 
contests  between  outlaws  and  Rangers.  Incident 
after  incident  crowds  upon  another  —  hairbreadth 
escapes,  deeds  of  thrilling  adventures,  manly  chiv- 
alry, and  devoted  love.  Frontispiece,  $1.35  net. 

MOONGLADE 


Brittany  and  Russia  —  the  two  countries  the 
authors  know  so  well  —  form  the  picturesque  set- 
tings of  this  cosmopolitan  novel  of  aristocratic 
life.  All  those  readers  who  are  familiar  with  the 
other  books  of  this  author  will  find  in  this  new 
story  the  same  colorful  descriptions  of  ancient 
castles  and  modern  palaces,  of  loyal  servitors  and 
graceful  customs.  Frontispiece.  $1.35  net. 


THE  GREAT  MIRAGE 

By  JAMES  L.  FORD 

The  eyes  of  youth,  looking  toward  the  City,  see 
a  glittering  horizon,  and  Mr.  Ford  —  who  knows 
the  city  as  few  men  know  it  —  tells  with  skill  and 
a  good-humored  brilliance  what  is  behind  the 
reflections  of  the  great  mirage.  Frontispiece. 
$1.35  net. 

THE  LADDER 

By  PHILIP  CURTISS 

The  history  of  a  casual  man  who  found  it 
easier  to  climb  than  to  fall.  A  hopeful,  optimistic 
story  of  the  possibilities  of  American  life.  The 
hero  passes  through  various  sections  of  its  social 
strata  as  farm-boy,  factory-worker,  soldier,  State 
Senator,  and  playwright.  Frontispiece.  $1.30  net. 


THE  SPANISH  DEPENDENCIES  IN  SOUTH  AMERICA 

By  Professor  BERNARD  MOSES,  University  of  California 

This  important  work  deals  with  the  period  between  1550  and  1730  —  the  beginnings  of  European 
civilization  in  widely  separated  regions  of  South  America.  Conquests,  settlements,  the  slave  trade, 
piracy,  the  ordinances  in  regard  to  trade,  the  Jesuit  missions,  the  relation  of  the  clergy  to  the  civil 
government,  are  some  of  the  subjects  interspersed  among  the  records  of  viceroys,  revolts  and  asser- 
tions of  the  Crown  authorities.  Two  volumes.  Octavo.  Cloth,  $5.00  net. 


THE  AMERICAN  GIRL 

By  ANNE  MORGAN 

This  little  book,  by  the  daughter  of  the  great 
financier,  is  filled  with  helpful  suggestions  to  her 
young  countrywoman  in  the  four  points  of  her 
life's  highroad  —  her  education,  her  responsibili- 
ties, her  recreation,  and  her  future.  Miss  Morgan 
is  a  woman  of  wide  mental  vision  and  warm  sym- 
pathies, and  her  advice  is  founded  on  mature 
thought  and  experience.  Frontispiece,  50  cents  net. 


HEROES  OF  PEACE 

By  F.  J.  GOULD 

Wonderful  tales  of  men  who  have  wrought  in 
peace  deeds  through  which  shine  out  the  courage 
and  endurance  so  often  attributed  only  to  warlike 
actions.  Here  are  told  the  histories  of  the  found- 
ing of  the  Red  Cross,  the  laying  of  the  Atlantic 
cable,  stories  of  the  achievements,  after  dangers, 
of  deep-sea  fishermen  and  international  arbitra- 
tion, of  Wisconsin  lumbermen  and  the  fighting  of 
wild  beasts  and  diseases  in  India,  etc.  Illustrated. 
161110,  75  cents;  School  Edition,  50  cents  net. 


NEW  LIMP  LEATHER  EDITION  OF  MARK  TWAIN 

An  important  event  in  book-publishing  is  this  new  edition  of  the  works  of  the  great  humorist. 
The  volumes  are  light  and  easy  to  hold,  printed  on  carefully  selected  paper  and  bound  in  limp  red 
leather.  Two  volumes  or  more  are  being  published  each  month. 

idmo.  Frontispiece  in  each  volume.  Titles  in  one  volume  sold  at  rate  of  $1.75  net  each.  Titles 
in  tivo  volumes  sold  at  rate  of  $1.50  net  each.  Sets  at  $37.00  net. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


187 


MPliSl^^ 

I    Books  That  Never  Grow  Old 

You  may  purchase  the  following  books  with  the  assurance  that  you 
have  made  an  investment.    For,  without  exception,  they  are  not  of  the 
|  ^s !  ephemeral  type.     Each  of  them  will  afford  you  as  much  pleasure  every 

time  you  open  it,  as  it  does  at  the  first  reading.    If  your  bookseller  can 
not  supply  you  add  10%  to  the  prices  for  carriage  and  order  direct. 

•   Time  O'  Day 

By  Doris  Egerton  Jones 


Thyme  O'Dea  is  a  girl,  the  sweetest, 
sprightliest,  most  open-hearted  girl 
you  ever  knew.  She  tells  you  her 
secrets  —  all  of  them  —  not  as  a  con- 
fession, but  out  of  pure  exuberance  of 
spirit.  She  has  her  romances  —  plenty 
of  them.  And  she  tells  you  about 
them  from  her  most  intimate  view- 
point,—  without  altering  them  to  suit 
convention  and  without  coloring  them 
to  meet  the  approval  of  sensitive  rela- 
tives. Time  O'Day  tells  you  more 
about  a  girl's  fears  and  ambitions  than 
all  your  feminine  acquaintances  com- 
bined would  ever  divulge.  It's  a  clean, 
interesting,  inspiring  story  —  one  that 
|ES1  makes  the  cloudiest  day  seem  sunny. 

I2mo.     Cloth.     $1.25  net. 


The  Polly  Page 
Camping  Club 

By  Izola  L.  Forrester 

Author  of  "The  Polly  Page 
Motor  Club,"  etc, 

The  delightful  times  which  Polly  Page 
and  her  chums  enjoyed  on  their  last 
vacation  are  continued  this  summer. 
How  girls  could  get  more  real  enjoy- 
ment and  wholesome  fun  out  of  life  it 
is  impossible  for  us  to  imagine.  I2mo. 
Cloth.  With  picture  on  cover.  Five 
full-page  illustrations  by  Anna  Garrett, 
printed  on  tinted  background.  $1.00 
net. 


A  Sister  to 
Assist  'er 

By  John  LeBreton 

A  "  Wallingf prd "  of  the  slums  —  one 
of  the  funniest  bits  since  "Pigs  Is 
Pigs."  It  is  written  in  Cockney 
English  with  a  humor  that  is  irresis- 
tible; a  scream  from  cover  to  cover. 
idmo.  Cloth.  50  cents  net. 


This  book  traces  the  evolution  of 
heraldry  from  its  origin  in  ancient 
tribal  totemism,  through  the  feudal 
system,  subordinating,  to  some  extent, 
the  purely  technical  details  to  the 
romantic,  sociological  and  artistic 
aspects.  8vo.  Cloth.  With  over  274 
illustrations  in  line  and  half-tone. 
$2.00  net. 


George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.,  Publishers 

1628  Chestnut  Street  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Ulysses  S.  Grant 

American  Crisis  Biographies 

By  Prof '.  Franklin  S.Edmonds 

The  fact  that  Mr.  Edmonds  has  had 
access  to  a  number  of  unpublished 
letters  makes  this  a  very  complete 
biography  containing  much  matter 
that  does  not  appear  in  other  Lives  of 
Grant.  This  is  the  concluding  volume  j  -53 
in  the  American  Crisis  Biographies. 
i2mo.  Cloth.  With  frontispiece  por- 
trait. $1.25  net. 


By  Guy  Cadogan  Rothery 


HE  •j»3iiTii  iimioitmitiHinim  1 1 


188 


THE   DIAL 


March  18 


Some  of  Little,  Brown  &  Co.'s  Spring  Books 


FICTION 


THE  SECOND  BLOOMING 

(6th  printing) 

By  W.  L.  GEORGE.  A  searching  analysis  of  mar- 
riage in  England  upper  middle  class.     $1.35  net 

A  SIREN  OF  THE  SNOWS 

An  exciting  story  of  the  U. 
Illustrated.     $1.30  net. 


By  STANLEY  SHAW. 
S.  Secret  Service. 


MR.  GREX  OF  MONTE  CARLO 

By  E.  PHILLIPS  OPPENHEIM.     Sixth  edition  of 
this  amazing  story  of  international    intrigue. 

Illustrated.     $1.33  net. 

THE  TAMING  OF  AMORETTE 


By  ANNE  WARNER 
wife  of  flirting. 

Illustrated  by  O.  F.  Underwood. 


How  a  man  cured  his  pretty 
$1.00  net. 


HOMEBURG  MEMORIES 

By  GEORGE  FITCH.     The  small-town  life  done  in 
true  Fitchian  humor.          Illustrated.     $1.25  net. 

A  GIRL  OF  THE  BLUE  RIDGE 

(April  15} 

By  PAYNE  ERSKINE.     The  love  romance  of  a  hill 
girl,  by  the  author  of  "The  Mountain  Girl." 

Illustrated.     $1.35  net. 


AMARILLY  OF 
CLOTHES-LINE  ALLEY 

By  BELLE  K.  MANIATES.  Sixth  edition  of  this 
cheery  story  of  a  girl  who  radiates  happiness 
where'er  she  goes.  $1.00  net. 

THE  FLYING  U'S  LAST  STAND 

By  B.  M.  BOWER.  Another  of  this  author's 
stirring  stories  of  ranch  life.  $i-3o  net. 

THE  TURBULENT  DUCHESS 

(5th  printing) 

By  PERCY  BREBNER.  Full  of  adventure,  love 
and  chivalry.  Illustrated.  $1.30  net. 

SHEEP'S  CLOTHING 

By  Louis  JOSEPH  VANCE.  A  story  of  smuggling, 
love  and  plenty  of  adventure 

Pictures  by  Flagg.     $1.30  net. 

MARY  MORELAND 

(Ready  April  15) 

By  MARIE  VAN  VORST.  A  story  of  present-day 
New  York  life,  by  the  author  of  "  Big  Tremaine.' ' 

$1.35  net. 

THE  RIM  OF  THE  DESERT 

(April  15} 

By  ADA  WOODRUFF  ANDERSON.  A  dramatic 
tale  of  politics  and  love  with  scenes  laid  in  the 
Northwest.  $i-35  net. 


MISCELLANEOUS 
THE  INDIVIDUAL  DELINQUENT         NAPOLEON'S  RUSSIAN 

By  WILLIAM   HEALY,   M.D.     A   text -book  of  CAMPAIGN  OF   1812 

diagnosis  and  prognosis  for  all  concerned  in  un-  By  EDWARD  FOORD.     The  true  records  of  Napo- 

derstanding  offenders.  £5.00  net.  ieon's  amazing  career.         Illustrated.     $4.00  net. 


TABLE  SERVICE 

By  LUCY  G.  ALLEN.  A  concise  exposition  of  the 
waiter's  duties,  including  tray  service,  carving, 
the  care  of  the  dining  room,  laying  the  table, 
etc.  Illustrations  and  diagrams.  $1-25  net. 

LIMITATIONS  ON  THE 
TREATY-MAKING  POWER 

By  HENRY  ST.  GEORGE  TUCKER,  formerly  presi- 
dent of  the  American  Bar  Ass'n.  $5.00  net. 


MIND  AND  HEALTH  SERIES 

A  series  of  Medical  handbooks  written  by  emi- 
nent specialists  and  designed  to  present  the  results 
of  recent  research  in  a  form  for  the  lay  public's 
reading: 

Volumes  ready:  I.  HUMAN  MOTIVES,  by 
JAMES  J.  PUTNAM,  M.D.;  II.  THE  MEAN- 
ING OF  DREAMS,  by  ISADOR  H.  CORIAT; 
III.  SLEEP  AND  SLEEPLESSNESS,  by  H. 
ADDINGTON  BRUCE.  Each,  $1.00  net. 


THE  YOUNG  RIVAL 
INVENTORS 

By   GARDNER  HUNTING.       How  some  boys 
achieved  success  with  their  inventions. 


JUVENILES 

BOY  SCOUTS  OF 
BLACK  EAGLE  PATROL 

By  LESLIE  W.  QUIRK.  Deals  not  with  camp  life 
but  with  the  real  adventures  in  every-day  lives 
of  a  boy's  club.  $1.00  net. 


$1.00  net. 

THE  BEDTIME  STORY  BOOKS 

By  THORNTON  W.  BURGESS. 

VII.  ADVENTURES  OF  DANNY  MEADOW  MOUSE 

VIII.  ADVENTURES  OF  GRANDFATHER  FROG 

Two  new  titles  in  this  popular  series  of  animal  stories  for  bedtime  reading 

Illustrated  by  H.  Cady.     50  cents  net,  each. 


LITTLE,  BROWN  Sf  CO.,  Publishers,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


1915]  THE   DIAL  189 


The  Century  Company's  Spring  List 

Published  in  March 

Through  Stained  Glass  Pan -Americanism 

Another  novel  by  GEORGE  A.  CHAMBERLAIN,  By  ROLAND  G.  USHER,  author  of  "Pan-German- 
author  of  the  very  successful  "  Home. "  ism."  The  new  book  concerns  America  now. 
$1.30  net,  postage  10  cents.  $2.00  net,  postage  10  cents. 

Pepper  George  Bernard  Shaw: 

A   second   joyful   Harvard   undergraduate   story  Harlequin    or  —  Patriot?     JOHN    PALMER'S   bril- 

by    HOLWORTHY    HALL    (HAROLD    E.    PORTER),  liant  revelation  of  the  real  G.  B.  S.    50  cents  net, 

author   of    "Henry   of    Navarre,    Ohio."     $1.30  postage  5  cents, 
net,  postage  10  cents. 

To  Be  Published  in  April 
The  House  of  the  Misty  Star  South  of  Panama 

By  FANNIE  CALDWELL  MACAULAY  (FRANCES  PROFESSOR  EDWARD  ALSWORTH  Ross's  timely  ac- 
LITTLE),  author  of  "The  Lady  of  the  Decoration."  count  of  South  America  —  including  trade  pos- 
Illustrated.  $1.25  net,  postage  10  cents.  sibilities.  $2.40  net,  postage  10  cents. 

Plays  for  School  Children  Arms  and  the  Race 

Edited  by  ANNA  M.  LUTKENHAUS,  with  an  intro-  R.  M.  JOHNSTON'S  sane,  vigorous  discussion  of  the 
duction  telling  how  to  present  amateur  plays.  relation  of  fighting  and  men.  $1.00  net,  postage 
$1.25  net,  postage  10  cents.  5  cents. 

To  Be  Published  in  May 

Diantha 

JULIET  WILBOR  TOMPKIN'S  story  of  a  modern  Cinderella,  who  becomes  as  beautiful  as  she  is  good. 
$7.25  net,  postage  10  cents. 

The  Brocklebank  Riddle 

HUBERT  WALES'S  weird,  wild  mystery  story  of  a  man  cremated  who  appears  in  his  office  the  next 
week.     $1.30  net,  postage  10  cents. 

The  World  Crisis  — and  Beyond 

EDWIN  DAVIES  SCHOONMAKER'S  forecast  of  the  European  war's  influence  upon  the  world's  social 
movements.     £2.00  net,  postage  10  cents. 

Published  in  January  and  February 

THE  SWORt)  OF  YOUTH,  by  JAMES  LANE  ALLEN.     $1.25  net,  postage  10  cents. 

BILLIE'S  MOTHER,  by  MARY  J.  H.  SKRINE.     $1.33  net,  postage  10  cents. 

THE  ADVENTURES  OF  DETECTIVE  BARNEY,  by  HARVEY  J.  O'HiGGiNS.     $1.30  net,  postage 

10  cents. 

WAR  BRIDES,  by  MARION  CRAIG  WENTWORTH.    50  cents  net,  postage  5  cents. 
A  RUSSIAN  COMEDY  OF  ERRORS,  by  GEORGE  KENNAN.     $1.25  net,  postage  10  cents. 
THE  LURE  OF  THE  LAND,  by  HARVEY  W.  WILEY.     $1.25  net,  postage  10  cents. 
CHILD  TRAINING,  by  V.  M.  HILLYER.     $1.60  net,  postage  10  cents. 
EUROPEAN  POLICE  SYSTEMS,  by  RAYMOND  B.  FOSDICK.     $1.30  net,  postage  10  cents. 


THE  CENTURY  CO.,  Publishers 

353  Fourth  Avenue  (at  26th  street)  New  York  City 


190 


THE    DIAL 


[March  18,1915 


New  and  Forthcoming  Macmillan  Books 

New  Fiction,  Poetry  and  Drama 

Winston  Churchill's  New  Novel 

Edgar  L.  Masters'  s  New  Book 

A  FAR  COUNTRY 

SPOON  RIVER  ANTHOLOGY 

By  WINSTON  CHURCHILL.    Another  true  picture  of 

By  EDGAR  L.  MASTERS.     Verse  essentially  American 

contemporary  American  life  as  fearless  and  revealing  as 
"The  Inside  of  the  Cup."                   Ready  in  May.     $1.50 

in  character  written  in  a  new  free  form  of  poetical  expression. 
Ready  in  April.     $1.23 

Ernest  Poole's  New  Novel 

THE  HARBOR 

Robert  and  Elizabeth  B.  Browning's  New  Book 

By  ERNEST  POOLE.     "One  of  the  ablest  novels  added 

NEW  POEMS 

to  American  fiction  in  many  a  year.  "  —  2V.  Y.  Tribune. 

By    ROBERT    and    ELIZABETH    B.    BROWNING. 

$1.40 

Edited  by  Sir  F.   G.   Kenyon.     Twenty-nine  poems  by 

H.  C.  Wells'  s  New  Novel 

Robert  Browning  and  six  poems  by  Mrs.  Browning  not 

BEALBY 

hitherto  published.     Two  portraits.                                $1.25 

By  H.  G.  WELLS.     Mr.  Wells's  new  story  of  an  ambitious 

boy,  as  delightful  and  humorous  as  his  previous  novel, 

Rabindranath  Tagore's  New  Book 

"  The  Wife  of  Sir  Isaac  Harman.  "                                  $i.  33 

SONGS  OF  KABIR 

Eden  Phillpotts's  New  Novel 

By  RABINDRANATH  TAGORE.     Sympathetic  versions 

BRUNEL'S  TOWER 

of  the  spiritual  songs  of  the  great  Hindu  reformer.     One  of 
Mr.  Tagore's  most  important  books.                            $1.25 

By  EDEN  PHILLPOTTS.     The  interesting  story  of  a 

regenerated  character.     Probably  the  most  notable  novel 
of  the  author  of  "Faith  Tresilion,"  etc.                        £1.50 

Edward  Sheldon's  New  Drama 

THE  GARDEN  OF  PARADISE 

The  New  American  Novel 

By   EDWARD    SHELDON.    A    charming    poetic    play 

GETTING  A  WRONG  START 

based  on  Hans  Christian  Andersen's  fairy  tale,  "The  Little 

Anonymous 

Mermaid."                                                                         $1.25 

The  intimate  story  of  a  well-known  author  told  with  power 

and  frankness.                                                 Ready  in  March. 

Alice  Brown's  $10,000  Play 

James  Stephens  's  New  Book 

CHILDREN  OF  EARTH 

SONGS  FROM  THE  CLAY 

By    ALICE    BROWN.     "The    $10,000    American    Play 

By  JAMES  STEPHENS.     A  new  book  of  verse  by  the 

selected  from  thousands  submitted  in  the  'Ames'  Com- 

author of  "Insurrections,"   "The  Crock  of  Gold,"  etc. 

petition.  .    .  A  charming,  unusual,  New  England  story." 

"Original,  varied,  with  a  keen  sense  of  humor."         $1.25 

$1.25 

New  Books  on  Philosophy,  Education  and  Religion 

OUTLINES  OF  CHILD  STUDY 

THE  RISE  OF  MODERN  RELIGIOUS  IDEAS 

By  WILLIAM  A.  McKEEVER.     An  invaluable  collection 

By  ARTHUR  C.  McGIFFERT.     A  valuable,  interesting, 

of  ready  made  programs  for  the  use  of  mothers'  clubs, 

exposition  of  the  origin,   development   and  influence   of 

parent-teacher  associations  and  all  kindred  organizations. 

religious  thought.                                                                $1.50 

$1.00 

MODERN  RELIGIOUS  MOVEMENTS 

DELIVERANCE 

IN  INDIA 

By  HENRY  OSBORN  TAYLOR.     The  freeing  of  the 
spirit  in  the  ancient  world.     How  great  men  of  antiquity 
won  peace  of  mind.                                                            $1.25 

By   J.    N.    FARQUHAR.     A    comprehensive    survey   of 
present-day  religious  tendencies  in  India.     Illustrated.  $2.50 

THE  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 

THE  DRAMA  OF  THE  SPIRITUAL  LIFE 

Its  Faith  and  Order 

By  ANNIE  L.  SEARS.     An  empirical  study  of  the  prayers, 
hymns,  religious  poetry  and  other  expressions  of  religious 

By     GEORGE     HODGES.     Dean     Hodges's    valuable 
manual    of    information    on    Episcopalian    doctrine    and 

ideas.                                                                 Ready  in  March. 

discipline.                                                                         $1.25 

New  Books  on  Politics,  Commerce  and  Agriculture 

RUSSIA  AND  THE  WORLD 

AMERICA  AND  HER  PROBLEMS 

By  STEPHEN  GRAHAM.     A  record  of  recent  observa- 

By   P.    B.    D'ESTOURNELLES    de    CONSTANT.     A 

tions  giving  an  intimate  picture  of  the  Russian  people. 

penetrating  discussion  of  our  nation  as  seen  by  a  states- 

Illustrated.    $2.00 

man  of  rare  genius.                                         Ready  in  March. 

THE  PROGRESSIVE  MOVEMENT 

By    BENJAMIN    P.    DE    WITT.     A    broad,    compre- 

PLANT BREEDING 

hensive,    non-partisan    discussion    of    the    fundamental 

By  L.  H.  BAILEY  and  A.  W.  GILBERT.     In  its  revised 

principle  of  the  progressive  movement.         Ready  in  March. 

and  rewritten  form  it  presents  the  most  comprehensive 

THE  PANAMA  CANAL  AND 

treatment  of  the  subject  in  all  its  various  branches.       $2.00 

INTERNATIONAL  TRADE  COMPETITION 

By    LINCOLN    HUTCHINSON.    An    important    work 
on  the  economic  and  commercial  relations  of  the   two 

THE  PRINCIPLES  OF  FRUIT  GROWING 

By  L.   H.   BAILEY.     Completely  revised  after  twenty 

great  connected  trade  areas.                                             $1-75 

editions  to  include  all  new  practices  and  discoveries.     $1.75 

PUBLISHED  AT         TTUIT    TV/f  A  /"'IV/III    I     AM    OfMVAD  A  MV    ON  SALE  WHEREVER 

64-66  sth  AVE.,  N.  Y.    1  HlL  M  ACMILLAIN  CfJMJr  AIN  I      BOOKS  ARE  SOLD 

THE  DIAL 

Jfortntgijtlp  journal  of  mterarp  Criticism,  Btecustfton,  anb  3nf ormatton. 


DML  (founded  in  1880)  is  published  fortnightly  — 
every  other  Thursday  —  except  in  July  and  August,  in  which 
one  issue  for  each  month  will  appear.  TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIP- 
TION, $2.  a  year  in  advance,  postage  prepaid  in  the  United 
States  and  Mexico;  Foreign  and  Canadian  postage  50  cents 
per  year  extra.  REMITTANCES  should  be  by  check,  or  by 
express  or  postal  order,  payable  to  THE  DIAL.  Unless  other- 
wise ordered,  subscriptions  will  begin  with  the  current  num- 
ber. When  no  direct  request  to  discontinue  at  expiration  of 
subscription  is  received,  it  is  assumed  that  a  continuance  of 
the  subscription  is  desired.  ADVERTISING  RATES  furnished  on 
application. 

Published  by  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY, 
6S2  So.  Sherman  St.,  Chicago. 

Entered  as  Second-Class  Matter  October  8,  1892,  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  under  Act  of  March  3,  1879. 


Vol.  LVIII.        MARCH  18,  1915 
CONTENTS. 


No.  690 


PAGE 

THE    DARKENED    FOREGROUND.      Charles 

Leonard  Moore 191 

CASUAL  COMMENT 193 

The  late  librarian  of  the  Hispanic  Society. — 
Underdone  English. —  Books  for  specialists. — 
The  periodicity  of  anecdotes. — A  man  of  in- 
finite variety. —  Sugar-coating  the  pill  of 
rejection. —  Encouraging  to  book-dealers. — A 
forgotten  Carlyle  manuscript. —  Reading  in 
the  trenches. 

COMMUNICATIONS 197 

War  and  Poetry.    Ealph  Bronson. 

A    Textual   Difficulty   in   Milton.     Louis   C. 

Marolf. 

Some  Anti-German  Misconceptions  Corrected. 
Edmund  von  Macli. 

THE     NEW     MOVEMENT     IN     DRAMATIC 

PRESENTATION.    Edward  E.  Hale    .     .  199 

TWO  YEARS  IN  HURRICANE  LAND.    Percy 

F.  BicTcnell 201 

THE  QUALITY  OF  GENIUS.     T.  D.  A.  Cock- 

erell 203 

ENGLISH  LITERATURE  IN  THE  ROMANTIC 

PERIOD.    Lane  Cooper   .     .    .  • '"-.    .     .     .205 

EYE-WITNESSES  AT  THE  SHAMBLES.     Wal- 
lace Bice 208 

Cobb's  Paths  of  Glory.— Davis's  With  the 
Allies. —  Powell's  Fighting  in  Flanders. — 
Barnard's  Paris  War  Days. —  Kilpatrick's 
Tommy  Atkins  at  War  as  Told  in  His  Own 
Letters. —  Millicent  Duchess  of  Sutherland's 
Six  Weeks  at  the  War. 

RECENT  FICTION.    William  Morton  Payne  .     .  211 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 213 

Mysteries  of  the  living  world. —  The  story  of 
the  French  Revolution. — An  appraisement  of 
Harvard. —  Essays  and  addresses  of  a  famous 
surgeon. —  England  in  the  later  Middle  Ages. 
— America's  foremost  art  museum. —  War 
and  the  insurance  relation. — A  mediaeval  story 
in  modern  dress. —  The  flower  of  mediaeval 
church  architecture. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 216 

NOTES    .  •-.  -.- 217 

ANNOUNCEMENTS  OF  SPRING  BOOKS    .     .  219 
(A  classified  list  of  books  to  be  issued  by 
American  publishers  during  the  Spring  and 
Summer  of  1915.) 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS    .  .  233 


THE  DARKENED  FOREGROUND. 


In  the  Altman  collection  of  the  Metropolitan 
Museum  in  New  York  there  is  a  magnificent 
specimen  of  the  work  of  the  great  landscape 
painter  Ruysdael.  In  the  foreground  of  the 
painting,  where  in  Nature  (for  it  is  mid-day 
or  thereabouts)  everything  would  be  the  clear- 
est and  most  distinct,  Euysdael  has  thrust  a 
broad  wedge  of  night.  There  is  a  road,  there 
are  some  fallen  trees,  a  few  figures;  but 
scarcely  anything  can  be  distinguished.  Why 
did  the  artist  do  this  ?  Well,  on  either  side  of 
this  darkened  space  slope  rye  fields  which  we 
feel  we  could  wade  through  if  we  could  reach 
them;  in  the  rear  is  a  farmstead  with  trees 
peaceful  and  alluring  and  absolutely  true  in 
tone  and  scale ;  and  back  of  all  is  the  real  dome 
of  the  sky,  with  rising  clouds  as  magnificent  as 
have  ever  been  drawn  by  man.  By  falsifying 
his  foreground,  Ruysdael  secured  all  the  other 
truths  of  his  picture. 

In  an  art  so  various  as  painting  it  is  foolish 
to  generalize.  It  is  possible  in  depicting  inte- 
riors, those  builded  by  either  nature  or  man,  to 
plunge  the  foreground  objects  into  light  and 
get  some  sort  of  distance  by  means  of  lurking 
shadows  behind.  It  is  possible  to  throw  a  veil 
over  everything,  and  thus  shirk  the  presenta- 
tion of  strong  light  and  shade.  It  is  possible  to 
paint  decoratively  with  harmonies  of  colors 
which  have  little  relation  to  reality.  There 
are  new  schools  in  painting  which  reject  the 
imitation  of  nature  altogether.  But  in  the 
main  the  method  which  Ruysdael  so  boldly  dis- 
plays in  this  picture  is  the  method  of  painting. 
Compared  with  the  infinite  variety  of  nature's 
illumination,  an  artist's  pigments  are  so  dull 
that  if  he  puts  the  real  hues  in  the  front  of  his 
picture  he  will  have  exhausted  all  his  grada- 
tions of  tint  before  he  reaches  his  middle  dis- 
tance, and  will  have  nothing  at  all  left  for  his 
background  or  sky.  So  he  "fakes"  his  fore- 
ground, and  lies  about  the  nearest  and  dis- 
tinctest  visibilities. 

Painting  is  confined,  or  ought  to  be  confined, 
to  one  moment  and  one  division  of  space.  Lit- 
erature introduces  duration  and  a  multiplica- 
tion of  spaces,  and  is  therefore  immensely  more 
complex.  But  we  think  that  there  is  in  the 


192 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


best  literary  art  something  analogous  to  the 
painter's  principle  of  darkening  the  fore- 
ground. Literature's  poverty  of  resource  as 
compared  with  life  is  even  more  apparent  than 
that  of  painting.  There  are  something  like 
thirty  million  seconds  in  a  year,  and  each  one 
of  them  may  be  productive  of  an  emotion  or  a 
situation.  Every  personage  in  a  piece  of  lit- 
erature must  pass  through  innumerable 
scenes;  but  only  a  few  of  these  scenes  can  be 
given.  To  get  proportion,  vividness,  reality, 
the  writer  must  select  his  moments  and  his 
locations  properly.  To  get  distance,  large- 
ness, vision,  he  must  more  or  less  obscure  his 
foregrounds. 

That  a  vast  deal  of  modern  literature  has 
followed  an  exactly  opposite  principle, —  has 
dealt  only  with  the  near  and  the  new, —  is 
nothing  to  the  purpose.  A  vast  deal  of  mod- 
ern literature,  judged  by  the  work  which  has 
lasted,  is  wrong.  Take,  for  example,  Tolstoi's 
enormous  novel,  "War  and  Peace."  It  has 
been  called  an  epic;  but  it  precisely  contra- 
venes every  epic  law.  It  is  all  foreground. 
Each  figure  in  it  is  painted  as  distinctly  as 
every  other.  When  we  try  to  call  it  up  in 
memory  we  can  only  think  of  a  confused  med- 
ley, with  no  one  figure  or  scene  emerging  dis- 
tinctly. It  is  a  wonderful  work  of  genius  in 
detail;  but  a  bound  volume  of  a  newspaper 
would  have  almost  as  much  claim  to  be  called 
a  work  of  art. 

The  sooner  we  recognize  that  life  and  litera- 
ture are  separate  businesses  the  sooner  we 
shall  begin  to  produce  something  worth  while 
in  the  latter  field.  Life  is  huge,  confused,  hap- 
hazard. Accident,  sickness,  death,  the  peril  of 
the  elements,  thrust  into  it.  The  contradic- 
tory and  the  unexpected  make  up  a  large  part 
of  its  happenings.  Unless  there  is  some  ob- 
scure law  of  evolution  guiding  it,  there  seems 
to  be  no  direction  and  no  purpose  except  the 
very  definite  determinations  to  live,  to  work,  to 
strive,  to  enjoy,  to  exhaust  itself.  A  piece  of 
literature  is  small,  ordered,  disciplined.  It 
bears  the  law  of  its  maker's  nature.  It  bor- 
rows its  material  from  life,  and  of  course  it 
may  react  enormously  on  life.  It  is  its  mak- 
er's report  of  some  part  of  the  vast  phantas- 
magoria of  life, —  his  judgment  upon  it,  and 
perhaps  his  vision  of  something  different  from 
it.  The  main  point  is  that  it  subjects  the  med- 
ley of  life  to  a  certain  discipline. 

At  first  blush  it  might  seem  that  comedy  is 
an  exception  to  the  rule  of  art's  separation 


from  life  and  from  the  principle  of  the  dark- 
ened foreground.  Comedy  is,  though  not 
essentially  yet  in  usual  practice,  a  contempo- 
rary creation.  It  steps  right  off  from  the 
street.  Yet  take  the  greatest  comedy  the  last 
century  produced, —  that  of  Dickens.  The 
grime,  the  gloom,  the  squalor  of  London,  are 
used  to  set  off  his  gigantic  figures  of  fun.  The 
principle  of  contrast  is  invoked,  and  out  of 
their  almost  unbearable  conditions  Micawber. 
Sairey  Gamp,  Dick  Swiveller,  the  Wellers,  and 
a  hundred  more  rise  in  a  riot  of  animal  spirits 
ten  times  more  living  than  life.  The  light, 
bright  comedy  of  Meredith  is  weak  and  unsub- 
stantial in  comparison.  It  may  be  objected 
that  the  gloom  and  squalor  of  London  existed, 
and  that  Dickens  merely  painted  what  he  saw. 
But  he  undoubtedly  put  more  of  them  in  his 
prescription  than  life's  recipe  would  call  for. 
And  he  might  have  ignored  them  altogether, 
as  did  Meredith  and  most  of  the  rather  watery 
humorists  and  novelists  who  have  followed 
him.  But  he  exaggerated,  as  all  great  artists 
have  done.  The  hostess  of  the  inn  which  was 
the  supposed  scene  of  Burns 's  "Jolly  Beg- 
gars" protested  that  hers  was  a  perfectly 
respectable  house  and  that  no  such  crew  of 
tatterdemalions  had  ever  gathered  there.  The 
lady  suffragists  of  Athens  probably  hated 
Aristophanes  for  his  three  woman  comedies, 
and  the  priesthood  of  France  certainly  hated 
Rabelais.  Comedy  at  its  greatest  is  an  upset- 
ting and  irreverent  thing,  and  uses  a  great  deal 
of  lampblack.  Even  in  the  ideal  comedy  of 
Shakespeare  there  is  plenty  of  shadow,  and  the 
principle  of  contrast  is  maintained.  The 
tempest  and  the  wreck  precede  Ariel  and 
Miranda  and  the  voices  of  the  island.  The 
Jew  sharpening  his  knife  comes  before  the 
moonlight  scene  at  Belmont.  The  unjust 
brother,  the  jealous  Duke,  and  the  wrestling- 
match  are  a  prelude  to  the  forest  loves  and 
friendships  of  Arden. 

Tragedy  in  literature,  if  it  is  to  be  effective, 
must  of  course  be  removed  and  separated  from 
ordinary  life.  In  its  thrilling  moments  on  the 
stage  they  darken  the  house  to  bring  out  the 
full  effect.  We  should  probably  laugh  at  a 
great  deal  of  tragedy  if  it  was  not  carefully 
prepared  for,  and  solemnized  by  its  surround- 
ings. How  little  the  tragedies  of  life,  of 
course  barring  our  own,  impress  us!  Every 
morning  newspaper  has  a  score,  a  hundred  of 
them  to  report.  We  glance  at  the  head-lines, 
yawn  and  toss  the  sheet  aside.  It  takes  an 


1915 


THE   DIAL 


193 


earthquake,  a  holocaust,  to  move  us  a  little. 
Yet  an  artist  can  take  one  of  the  least  incidents 
in  the  news  and  by  properly  subordinating 
other  things  to  it  can  win  us  to  sympathy  and 
tears.  A  certain  remoteness  and  loftiness  are 
necessary  to  the  greatest  tragic  effects.  Make 
your  hero  a  king,  said  Aristotle,  and  then  peo- 
ple will  sympathize.  Either  we  do  not  feel 
that  ordinary  life  is  good  enough  for  tragic 
trappings,  or  we  secretly  believe  that  we  are 
princes  and  princesses  who  have  been  changed 
in  the  cradle  and  so  only  sympathize  with  our 
kin.  Here,  too,  of  course,  the  modern  spirit 
has  tried  to  nullify  the  teaching  of  ages. 
Democracy  has  wanted  to  be  tragic,  as  it  has 
wanted  all  other  good  things.  Mr.  James  and 
Mr.  Howells  have  shown  us  the  plots  and  per- 
plexities that  attend  the  lives  of  the  great 
suburban  class.  Dostoieffsky  has  revealed  to 
us  the  fortunes  and  fates  of  criminals.  Mr. 
Hardy  has  tried  to  lift  up  those  trodden 
flowers  of  the  world,  Tess  and  Jude.  But  we 
are  entirely  unconvinced  that  these  creations, 
charming  or  powerful  as  they  may  be,  will  per- 
manently or  even  for  a  time  usurp  the  places 
of  the  kings  and  captains  and  great  ladies 
of  Shakespeare  or  Scott.  The  human  instinct 
for  believing  the  best  of  itself  is  against  them. 
Even  in  contemporary  popularity,  their  mak- 
ers are  beaten  out  of  the  field  by  novelists  like 
Mrs.  Ward  and  Miss  Corelli,  who  do,  in  a  way, 
put  their  trust  in  princes. 

Poetry,  absolute  poetry,  must  be  more  or 
less  removed  from  life, —  it  must  keep  its  dis- 
tance. It  does  keep  its  distance  by  means  of  a 
special  language,  a  special  movement  and 
ordering  of  words,  an  atmosphere  of  its  own. 
With  its  purple  robes,  its  round  of  gold  about 
its  brow,  its  inspired  air,  it  becomes  ridiculous 
when  it  steps  down  into  the  forum  or  the 
drawing-room,  -among  men  clad  in  tweeds  or 
women  in  Paris  fashions.  The  vulgar  cannot 
understand  it ;  they  would  indeed  have  to  be 
born  again  to  enter  its  heaven.  It  is  for  the 
young  and  unspoiled,  for  the  solitary  enthusi- 
asts, for  the  dreamers  brooding  over  the  secrets 
of  the  universe.  That  is  the  reason  why  politi- 
cal poetry  is  such  a  doubtful  good,  and  why 
humorous  poetry  is  almost  a  contradiction  in 
terms.  The  best  poetry,  too,  has  its  foreground 
shadow.  There  is  a  good  deal  to  be  said  for 
Poe's  theory  that  melancholy  is  the  highest 
poetic  motive.  Joy  may  be,  and  indeed  almost 
always  is,  vulgarized, —  but  sadness  can  never 
be  vulgarized. 


We  have  now  gone  the  round,  and  may  get 
back  to  Ruysdael's  picture,  which  we  hope  we 
have  shown  has  a  lesson  in  it  not  only  for 
painters  but  for  literary  artists.  Nay,  it  is  not 
without  a  bearing  on  morality.  The  Delecta- 
ble Mountains  and  the  fair  skies  are  generally 
separated  from  us  by  a  bar  of  shadow,  strug- 
gle, suffering.  "Can  you  have  all  this  and 
heaven  too?"  said  Lyman  Beecher's  rustic 
parishioner,  as  to  his  shocked  eyes  were  re- 
vealed the  horsehair  sofa,  the  marble-topped 
table,  and  the  plush-covered  album  of  the  min- 
ister's parlor.  Modern  life  and  art  and  litera- 
ture, womanized,  have  tried  to  put  light  and 
joy  into  the  foreground.  But  it  won't  do! 
We  must  work  through  shadow  into  glory ;  we 
must  earn  our  kisses  by  kicks;  we  must  run 
the  gauntlet  before  being  acclaimed  a  warrior. 
CHARLES  LEONARD  MOORE. 


CASUAL  COMMENT. 


THE   LATE   LIBRARIAN   OF   THE   HISPANIC    SO- 

CIETY,  Winfred  Robert  Martin,  whose  recent 
death  has  called  forth  glowing  tributes  to  his 
virtues  and  talents,  was  evidently  the  strong- 
est possible  contrast  to  the  typical  book- 
custodian  of  olden  times.  But  how  could  he 
have  failed  to  be,  sprung  from  a  father  of  such 
varied  and  unusual  gifts  as  those  possessed 
by  the  Rev.  William  Alexander  Martin,  who 
survives  his  son?  The  elder  Martin's  mis- 
sionary and  diplomatic  services  in  China,  and 
his  published  works  in  English  and  Chinese  — 
for  he  both  speaks  and  writes  the  latter  diffi- 
cult language  —  have  won  for  him  a  more  than 
local  distinction.  A  similar  or  even  wider 
range  of  interests  and  aptitudes  is  to  be  noted 
in  the  son,  whose  skeleton  biography  in 
"Who's  Who"  shows  him  to  have  been  a 
Princeton  graduate,  of  the  class  of  1872;  a 
bachelor  of  law,  New  York  University ;  a  doc- 
tor of  philosophy,  Tubingen ;  a  doctor  of  laws, 
Trinity  College;  professor  of  oriental  lan- 
guages at  Trinity  from  1888  to  1907 ;  instruc- 
tor in  Sanskrit  at  the  Hartford  Theological 
Seminary  from  1902  to  1907 ;  librarian  of  the 
Hispanic  Society  of  America  from  1907  until 
his  death;  and  member  of  various  American 
and  foreign  learned  societies.  But  first  and 
last  he  seems  to  have  been  preeminently  a 
teacher,  a  kindler  of  zeal  for  knowledge  in  the 
breasts  of  others,  as  is  plain  from  the  testi- 
mony of  his  former  pupils  and  of  those  who 
came  into  inspiring  contact  with  him  else- 
where than  in  the  classroom.  In  the  sixth 
chapter  of  Professor  William  Lyon  Phelps's 
"Teaching  in  School  and  College"  occurs  this 


194 


[  March  18 


attesting  passage :  ' '  The  teacher  must  not  be 
a  mere  hearer  of  recitations.  He  should  not 
exclusively  confine  himself  to  discovering 
whether  or  not  the  pupils  have  made  sufficient 
preparation.  In  many  of  our  recitations  at 
school  and  college  we  never  expected  to  learn 
anything ;  never  did,  anyhow :  we  simply  an- 
swered formal  questions.  So  fixed  was  this 
idea  in  our  minds,  that  our  first  interview  with 
a  new  instructor  in  the  Hartford  High  School, 
Mr.  "Winfred  R.  Martin,  one  of  the  greatest 
teachers  I  ever  knew,  was  not  only  disastrous 
to  us,  but  we  nearly  broke  out  into  open  rebel- 
lion. He  asked  us  things  that  were  not  in  the 
notes!  Later  we  found  him  a  constant  and 
powerful  inspiration.  Even  at  that  early  age 
we  obtained  from  him  a  notion  of  the  meaning 
of  true  scholarship.  He  was  and  is  a  profound 
and  original  scholar,  a  man  of  varied  and 
amazing  learning,  and  we  respected  him  for 

it." 

•    •    • 

UNDERDONE  ENGLISH  might  be  a  good  term 
to  apply  to  those  alien  words  that  elbow  their 
way  into  our  speech  without  showing  any  like- 
lihood of  ever  becoming  naturalized  in  spell- 
ing or  pronunciation.  Ennui,  for  instance, 
will  never  be  thoroughly  English,  and  as  long 
as  we  have  tedium  and  boredom  it  will  not  be 
needed.  Wanderlust,  which  we  still  write 
with  an  initial  capital,  in  the  German  manner, 
and  usually  pronounce  as  the  Germans  do,  if 
we  are  able,  might  well  enough  be  unreservedly 
adopted,  and  written  and  spoken  as  good 
English,  which  indeed  it  is.  As  Professor 
Brander  Matthews  sensibly  remarks,  in  a  cur- 
rent magazine  article  on  pure  English,  "if  a 
word  is  now  English,  whatever  its  earlier 
origin,  then  it  ought  to  be  treated  as  English, 
deprived  of  its  foreign  accents,  and  forced  to 
take  an  English  plural. ' '  He  continues :  "No 
one  doubts  for  a  moment  that  cherub  and 
criterion,  medium  and  index  can  claim  good 
standing  in  our  English  vocabulary,  yet  we 
find  a  pedant  now  and  then  who  still  bestows 
upon  these  helpless  words  the  plurals  they  had 
to  use  in  their  native  tongues,  and  who  there- 
fore writes  cherubim  and  criteria,  media  and 
indices,  violating  the  grammatical  purity  of 
English."  Many  will  have  noted  the  pitfalls 
laid  for  the  unwary  and  the  uneducated  in 
these  foreign  plurals:  the  use  of  data  as  a 
singular  noun  is  now  so  common  that  presently 
we  shall  have  the  lexicographers  bending  to 
popular  custom,  and  stamina  already  receives 
from  them  a  sort  of  half -recognition  as  a  singu- 
lar noun.  The  height  of  absurdity  is  attained 
in  cherubims,  which  is  not  unknown  in  the 
speech  of  the  uneducated.  Another  absurdity 
is  met  with  in  the  lavish  use  of  the  French 


feminine  adjective  to  designate  brands  of 
cigarettes,  confectionery,  and  other  merchan- 
dise. Thus  we  have  "Egyptienne  cigarettes" 
(not  cigarettes  egyptiennes)  and  "Premiere 
chocolates."  At  some  restaurants  the  guests 
are  treated  to  "spaghetti  Italienne,"  as  well 
as  to  "bullion  soup,"  "consomme"  (unac- 
cented), and  other  philologically  wonderful 
dishes.  Of  course  the  French  expression  in 
full,  of  which  the  feminine  adjective  is  often 
the  surviving  remnant,  is  familiar  enough; 
but  that  does  not  make  good  English  or  fault- 
less French  of  "string  beans  Parisienne"  or 
' '  lamb  chops  with  Hollandaise  sauce. ' '  Those 
who  are  interested  in  the  preservation  of  our 
tongue  in  its  purity  will  enjoy  reading  the 
aforementioned  article  in  the  March  issue  of 
"Harper's  Magazine." 


BOOKS  FOR  SPECIALISTS  are  among  the  most 
costly  works  known  to  the  book  trade.  They 
may  be  out  of  print,  rare,  and  all  but  unob- 
tainable ;  or,  if  current  publications,  they  may 
represent  such  an  excess  of  labor  and  expense 
in  their  preparation,  compared  with  the  lim- 
ited demand  they  are  likely  to  meet,  as  to  ren- 
der their  purchase  an  impossibility  for  most 
individual  students  and  for  all  but  the  largest 
libraries.  Hence  the  importance,  to  special- 
ists, of  knowing  just  what  great  public  collec- 
tions of  books  are  strong  in  their  particular 
fields.  Among  American  libraries  noted  for 
their  resources  in  these  special  departments, 
the  Newberry  Library  of  Chicago  enjoys  a 
deserved  repute.  Its  librarian 's  latest  Report 
has  some  pages  of  interesting  reading  that 
illustrate  the  zeal  and  intelligence  constantly 
devoted  to  the  strengthening  of  the  various 
special  collections  in  the  library.  That  this 
effort  is  not  wasted  becomes  evident  from  the 
testimony  of  the  call  slips.  "It  is  a  note- 
worthy fact, ' '  records  the  librarian,  ' '  that  the 
most  highly  specialized  divisions  of  the  library 
are  the  ones  whose  books  show  a  steadily 
increasing  use.  The  casual  visitor  or  person 
unfamiliar  with  the  materials  of  research 
usually  picks  out  just  these  divisions  in  which 
to  ask  the  invariable  question,  'But  does  any- 
one ever  call  for  or  need  such  books  as  these  ? ' 
And  the  necessarily  affirmative  reply  evokes 
with  equal  invariability  a  politely  skeptical 
smile."  But  the  facts  speak  for  themselves. 
' '  For  example,  the  Prince  Louis  Lucien  Bona- 
parte Library  consists  of  some  18,000  volumes, 
chiefly  relating  to  the  various  languages,  dia- 
lects, and  patois  known  to  have  been  spoken  or 
employed  as  a  medium  of  literary  communica- 
tion in  Europe  during  the  past  two  thousand 
years.  Few  persons  are  able  to  make  intelli- 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


195 


gent  use  of  these  works  except  trained  philolo- 
gists and  advanced  students  of  literary  and 
linguistic  origins.  And  yet,  well  over  3,000 
volumes  were  drawn  from  this  collection  for 
reading  or  consultation  during  1914,  while 
during  the  five-year  period,  1910-14,  nearly 
15,000  volumes  have  been  put  at  the  service  of 
readers.  The  case  is  the  same  with  the  Edward 
E.  Ayer  Collection  of  Americana,  an  ex- 
tremely specialized  library  of  original  sources 
—  printed,  manuscript,  and  graphic."  It  is 
a  theory  of  librarians,  which  library  expe- 
rience tends  to  confirm,  that  there  is  no  book 
in  any  library  that  will  not,  sooner  or  later, 
find  its  reader. 


THE  PERIODICITY  OF  ANECDOTES  can  hardly 
equal  in  regularity  the  recurrence  of  the 
spring  and  neap  tides,  or  the  successive  re- 
turns of  Encke's  Comet,  but  there  is  no  ques- 
tion that  the  same  popular  story  has  a  way  of 
taking  repeatedly  new  forms  and  enjoying 
fresh  favor.  It  is  not  improbable  that  some 
neat  situation,  having  tickled  some  one's  fancy 
either  in  real  life  or  as  an  invention  of  the 
imagination,  may  again  independently  present 
itself  in  fact  or  fancy  a  half-century  or  so 
later;  just  as  the  man  in  Ohio  re-invented  the 
screw-propeller  a  generation  or  more  after  it 
had  been  successfully  applied  to  ship-propul- 
sion. Or  the  same  good  story  may  have  simul- 
taneous birth  in  two  distant  places,  after  the 
manner  of  the  Adams  and  Leverrier  coinci- 
dence in  astronomy.  Mark  Twain's  "Jump- 
ing Frog"  is  one  of  those  unfailingly  popular 
stories  that  might,  without  violence  to  proba- 
bility, have  moved  to  laughter  a  knot  of  idlers 
on  the  banks  of  the  Nile  five  thousand  years 
ago,  or  a  group  of  loungers  on  the  strand  at 
Aulis,  at  a  somewhat  later  date.  In  fact,  its 
occurrence,  in  Greek  form,  in  the  pages  of 
Professor  Henry  Sidgwick's  "Greek  Prose 
Composition"  gave  rise  to  the  belief  that  the 
tale  was  of  Athenian  origin,  and  even  its 
author  was  deceived  until  the  translator  ac- 
knowledged his  deed.  Familiar  to  observant 
readers  is  the  frequent  recurrence,  with  or 
without  change  of  form,  of  the  greater  part  of 
our  best  jokes  and  anecdotes.  The  humorous 
department  of  a  justly-esteemed  American 
magazine  prints  this  month  the  supposed 
answer  of  a  schoolboy  to  the  question,  What 
is  the  backbone  ?  The  definition  is  hoary  with 
age :  ' '  The  backbone  is  a  long,  straight  bone. 
Your  head  sits  on  one  end,  and  you  sit  on  the 
other."  Three  months  ago  we  retold  (with 
due  credit  given)  Miss  Effie  L.  Power's  story, 
from  "How  the  Children  of  a  Great  Library 
Get  Their  Books, ' '  of  the  small  boy  who  begged 
the  librarian  to  extend  the  time  on  his  book 


because  he  did  not  dare  go  home  and  get  it  for 
fear  of  being  made  to  take  a  bath.  Soon 
afterward  one  of  our  English  exchanges  repro- 
duced as  new  this  St.  Louis  story  with  a  Lon- 
don setting ;  and  so  it  promoted  the  gaiety  of 
at  least  two  nations  within  two  months. 
•  •  • 

A  MAN  OF  INFINITE  VARIETY,  which  age  can- 
not  wither  nor  custom  stale,  is  he  whose  recent 
pamphlet,  "Commonsense  about  the  War," 
shocked  and  alienated  so  many  of  his  former 
admirers  and  set  the  world  at  large  to  dis- 
cussing with  renewed  curiosity  this  Protean 
and  perplexing  personality.  Whether  one 
considers  him  a  genius  or  a  mountebank,  a 
seer  or  a  charlatan,  a  philosopher  or  a  mad- 
man, a  constructive  reformer  or  a  ruthless 
iconoclast,  Mr.  George  Bernard  Shaw  remains 
a  perennially  interesting,  even  fascinating, 
member  of  the  human  race.  To  him  who  in 
the  love  of  Mr.  Shaw  holds  communion  with 
his  visible  forms  he  speaks  a  various  language ; 
for  his  gayer  hours  he  certainly  has  a  voice  of 
gladness  and  a  smile,  though  he  may  not  ex- 
actly glide  into  his  darker  musings  with  a  mild 
and  healing  sympathy.  Proof  of  something 
like  universality  in  his  genius  is  found  in  the 
rather  amusing  assurance  with  which  one  after 
another  of  those  that  have  studied  him  venture 
to  affirm  that  they  alone  really  understand 
him  and  can  interpret  him  to  the  world.  Mr. 
Chesterton  has  expounded  the  real  Bernard 
Shaw — an  exposition  in  which  the  subject 
utterly  failed  to  recognize  himself, —  and  Mr. 
Archibald  Henderson  has  laboriously  pre- 
sented another  real  Mr.  Shaw ;  and  Mr.  Shaw 
himself  has  all  the  while,  naturally  enough, 
maintained  that  he  himself  was  his  only  trust- 
worthy interpreter,  and  that  the  innumerable 
current  opinions  and  impressions  of  him  were 
all,  or  mostly,  wrong;  and,  finally,  we  have 
another  self-confident  expositor,  Mr.  John 
Palmer,  demolishing  (in  the  pages  of  the  cur- 
rent "Century")  all  the  hitherto  accepted 
notions  of  Mr.  Shaw's  character  and  explain- 
ing him  anew  to  a  mistaken  world.  Reduced 
to  the  conciseness  of  an  algebraic  formula, 
here  is  the  latest  solution  of  the  "G.  B.  S." 
puzzle :  ' '  The  ideas  of  Bernard  Shaw  ==  the 
commonplaces  of  his  time.  The  ideas  of  Ber- 
nard Shaw  -f-  his  way  of  presenting  them  = 

G.  B.  S." 

•    •    • 

SUGAR-COATING  THE  PILL  OF  REJECTION  will 
never  greatly  lessen  its  bitterness,  and  many 
there  are  who  prefer  to  take  their  pill,  if  take 
it  they  must,  undisguised  by  this  thin  layer 
of  saccharine  deception.  A  certain  editor  of 
our  acquaintance  used  to  publish  a  soothingly 
plausible  statement  that  there  were  no  rejec- 


196 


THE    DIAL 


[March  18 


tions  in  his  office,  but  that  after  such  literary 
offerings  as  best  met  existing  needs  had  been 
selected  the  rest  were  restored  with  appro- 
priate thanks  to  their  obliging  senders.  In 
somewhat  the  same  spirit  the  head  of  the  Bos- 
ton Public  Library  smilingly  explains,  if  the 
reporter  has  not  misinterpreted  him,  that  "in 
the  purchase  of  fiction  no  books  are  '  censored, ' 
as  that  term  is  generally  understood.  We 
choose  books,  and  that  implies  that  some  will 
be  bought  and  others  not  bought.  No  doubt 
many  books  are  not  taken  which  are  as  good  as, 
even  better  than,  some  that  are  taken.  But,  in 
choosing,  various  elements  must  be  considered 
besides  literary  merit;  for  example,  adap- 
tability to  uncultivated  readers,  human  inter- 
est, unquestioned  moral  tone,  and  the  fitness 
of  the  book  for  circulation,  practically  without 
formality,  upon  open  shelves,  free  to  readers 
of  all  ages."  As  to  the  somewhat  celebrated 
volunteer  board  of  fiction-tasters  that  so  faith- 
fully serves  the  library,  Mr.  "Wadlin  adds: 
"The  volunteer  committee  which  reads  new 
fiction  simply  gives  its  opinion  of  the  books, 
the  way  in  which  each  strikes  a  reader  of  aver- 
age attainments;  it  is  not  intended  to  give  a 
literary  judgment  only,  though  that  point  is 
not  overlooked,  and  what  a  reader  says  about 
a  book  is  never  conclusive  as  to  its  purchase. ' ' 
Some  books,  though  approved  by  this  com- 
mittee, are  not  bought,  and  others,  though  not 
approved,  are  bought.  "That  a  book  is  not 
bought  simply  means  that  in  the  exercise  of 
choice  some  other  book  was  thought  preferable, 
all  things  considered."  After  this  the  free 
advertisement  given  to  a  novel  by  its  rejection 
on  the  part  of  the  Boston  Public  Library  ought 
to  lose  some  of  its  commercial  value. 

•        •        • 

ENCOURAGING  TO  BOOK-DEALERS  of  the  pres- 
ent are  certain  episodes  in  the  book-trade  of 
the  past.  Mr.  James  Milne  writes,  in  the 
course  of  a  recent  "London  Letter"  to  "The 
Book  Monthly":  "We  have  to  recognise,  in 
the  first  place,  that  it  is  going  to  be  a  long 
war,  possibly  a  very  long  war.  It  cannot,  in 
the  nature  of  things,  be  as  long  as  the  Napo- 
leonic wars  of  a  century  ago;  but  as  a  cata- 
clysm it  may  be  compared  to  these,  and 
perhaps  we  may  derive  some  encouraging  les- 
sons from  them.  If  you  remember, '  Waverley, ' 
the  first  herald  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  genius, 
was  published  in  the  year  before  Waterloo. 
His  other  stories  began  almost  immediately  to 
pour  out ;  and  generally,  while  Pitt  was  fight- 
ing Napoleon,  English  literature  was  not 
merely  not  quiescent,  but  remarkably  produc- 
tive. If  this  was  possible  then,  why  should  it 
be  different  now  when  the  field  of  authorship, 
if  it  be  not  so  great  in  masters,  is  very  much 


larger  in  area?  If  'eighteen  hundred  and 
war-time'  was  more  than  a  passably  good 
period  for  English  authorship,  is  there  any 
reason  why  'nineteen  hundred  and  war- time' 
should  not  also  see  good  work  and  plenty  of  it 
in  English  literature?"  Yet  it  should  be 
borne  in  mind  that  warfare  a  century  ago  was 
not  the  tremendous  and  exhausting  perform- 
ance that  it  is  now.  Also,  as  the  writer  admits, 
we  have  not,  or  are  not  conscious  of  having, 
any  Walter  Scott  at  present  producing  Waver- 
leys  for  the  entertainment  and  delight  of  the 

reading  public. 

•    •    • 

A    FORGOTTEN    CARLYLE    MANUSCRIPT,    never 

published,  and,  except  to  a  few  bibliophiles, 
not  known  to  be  in  existence,  has  come  to  light 
among  the  literary  treasures  of  a  collector  at 
Norfolk,  Virginia,  and  at  the  present  writing 
is  about  to  pass  to  the  highest  bidder  at  the 
Henkels  auction  rooms  in  Philadelphia.  It  is 
entitled  ' '  The  Guises, ' '  and  is  said  to  be  forty- 
six  folio  pages  in  length,  closely  written  in  the 
familiar  crabbed  penmanship  of  its  author, 
and  to  contain  about  twenty  thousand  words. 
Its  date  is  given  as  1855.  As  its  title  indi- 
cates, it  gives  the  history  of  the  house  of  Guise 
from  the  first  duke  of  that  name.  As  it  has 
to  do  with  a  part  of  Europe  where  history  is 
just  now  violently  in  the  making,  let  us  quote 
a  characteristic  fragment  from  the  opening 
page.  "Lorraine,  Lotharingen,  fell,  not  to  the 
first  Lothar,  who  was  Charlemagne's  grand- 
son, but  to  a  2d  Lothar  (who  married  that 
one's  daughter),  but  whose  pedigree,  relation- 
ships to  men  and  things,  and  general  bio- 
graphic physiognomy  in  this  world  remains, 
as  is  usual  with  these  poor  people,  irretriev- 
ably dark  to  me,  weltering  in  endless  im- 
broglios of  Carlovingian  ramifications  and 
disjecta  membra;  unknown  now  I  do  believe 
to  all  the  living;  for  how  can  you  know  it? 
Riddle  it  out  for  yourself,  with  much  dis- 
gusting conscientious  labour,  you  straightway 
proceed  to  forget  it  again:  thrice  over  that 
has  been  our  experience." 

•        •        • 

READING  IN  THE  TRENCHES  varies  the  deadly 
monotony  of  killing  and  being  killed.  In  Ger- 
many the  call  for  books  to  be  distributed  in 
the  field  and  in  military  hospitals  is  said  to 
be  such  as  to  have  caused  a  remarkable  de- 
velopment of  the  travelling-library  system,  if 
that  is  the  right  term  to  apply  to  the  mech- 
anism whereby  literature  is  supplied  to  the 
soldiers  of  the  fatherland.  The  Royal  Library 
at  Berlin,  acting  as  a  receiving  and  distribut- 
ing centre  in  this  good  work,  sends  out  four 
thousand  volumes  daily  to  the  front  and  to 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


197 


hospitals.  A  Berlin  publishing  house,  that  of 
Ulstein  &  Co.,  has  subscribed  a  large  sum  for 
the  crating  and  packing  of  these  books,  and 
two  express  companies  carry  the  boxes  without 
charge.  A  Hamburg  agency  reports  the  re- 
ceipt of  two  hundred  and  three  hundred  books 
a  day  for  distribution,  and  many  other  coop- 
erating agencies  are  similarly  active.  Both 
individual  donors  and  publishing  houses  are 
contributing  the  reading  matter  that  through 
these  various  channels  flows  to  quench  the 
book-thirst  of  the  soldiers. 


COMMUNICATIONS. 


WAB  AND  POETEY. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

The  interesting  article  under  the  above  caption 
in  your  issue  of  March  4  has  suggested  this  ques- 
tion in  my  mind:  Is  it  not  the  violently  partisan 
spirit  pervading  most  of  the  verse  of  the  present 
war  which  is  chiefly  responsible  for  its  failure  to 
measure  up  to  high  poetical  standards?  The  good 
poet  is  not  necessarily  a  good  patriot, —  love  of 
humanity  is  with  him  a  far  more  vital  and  com- 
pelling impulse  than  love  of  country;  and  he  sees 
too  deeply  and  widely  into  the  great  complex  of 
life  ever  to  believe  that  in  war,  as  in  any  other 
form  of  conflicting  human  relations,  it  is  always  a 
clear  case  of  the  devils  against  the  angels.  There  is 
infinite  poetical  material  in  this  European  drama; 
but  it  lies  leagues  beneath  the  surface  aspects  dealt 
with  by  the  "patriotic"  bards,  with  their  hack- 
neyed variations  on  the  chords  of  vituperation  and 
self-righteousness.  It  lies  in  the  tragedy  of  the 
individual  soul, —  whether  English,  French,  Ger- 
man, Russian,  or  what  not;  it  is  to  be  found  in 
the  experiences  of  almost  countless  men  and  women 
who  have  made  every  sacrifice  and  suffered  every 
agony  of  which  humanity  is  capable  —  and  for  a 
cause  of  which  not  one  in  ten  thousand  could  give 
a  coherent  or  plausible  explanation. 

To  me  the  most  striking  poem  yet  evoked  by 
the  war  is  Mr.  W.  N.  Ewer's  "  Five  Souls,"  pub- 
lished in  the  London  "  Nation  "  last  autumn.  As 
it  has  never  been  reprinted  in  this  country,  so  far 
as  I  know,  perhaps  you  may  be  willing  to  let  me 
share  it  with  your  readers. 

"  FIRST  SOUL. 
"  I  was  a  peasant  of  the  Polish  plain ; 

I  left  my  plough  because  the  message  ran : — 
Russia,  in  danger,  needed  every  man 
To  save  her  from  the  Teuton ;   and  was  slain. 
7  gave  my  life  for  freedom  —  This  I  know : 
For  those  who  bade  me  fight  had  told  me  so. 

SECOND  SOUL. 

"  I  was  a  Tyrolese,  a  mountaineer ; 
I  gladly  left  my  mountain  home  to  fight 
Against  the  brutal,  treacherous  Muscovite; 
And  died  in  Poland  on  a  Cossack  spear. 
I  gave  my  life  for  freedom  —  This  I  know: 
For  those  who  bade  me  fight  had  told  me  so. 


THIRD  SOUL. 

I  worked  in  Lyons  at  my  weaver's  loom, 
When  suddenly  the  Prussian  despot  hurled 
His  felon  blow  at  France  and  at  the  world ; 
Then  I  went  forth  to  Belgium  and  my  doom. 
I  gave  my  life  for  freedom  —  This  I  know : 
For  those  who  bade  me  fight  had  told  me  so. 

FOURTH  SOUL. 

I  owned  a  vineyard  by  the  wooded  Main, 
Until  the  Fatherland,  begirt  by  foes 
Lusting  her  downfall,  called  me,  and  I  rose 
Swift  to  the  call  —  and  died  in  fair  Lorraine. 
/  gave  my  life  for  freedom  —  This  I  know: 
For  those  who  bade  me  fight  had  told  me  so. 

FIFTH  SOUL. 

"  I  worked  in  a  great  shipyard  by  the  Clyde. 
There  came  a  sudden  word  of  wars  declared, 
Of  Belgium,  peaceful,  helpless,  unprepared, 
Asking  our  aid :  I  joined  the  ranks,  and  died. 
I  gave  my  life  for  freedom  —  This  I  know : 
For  those  who  bade  me  fight  had  told  me  so." 

This  may  not  be  great  poetry  in  form,  but  is  not 
its  truth  and  power  as  "  a  criticism  of  life  "  beyond 
question?  The  essential  folly  and  tragedy  of  war, 
the  blind  devotion  to  leaders,  the  beauty  of  self- 
sacrifice, —  all  this  and  much  more  glows  through 
these  simple  lines,  and  makes  the  poem  worth  (to 
me,  at  least)  a  ton  of  the  "  mad  Kaiser  "  and  "  per- 
fidious Albion  "  sort  of  thing  with  which  we  have 
for  months  been  deluged.  RALPH  BRONSON. 

Wyoming,  N.  T.,  March  8,  1915. 


A  TEXTUAL  DIFFICULTY  IN  MILTON. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

If  I  may  be  permitted  to  offer  my  conjecture  on 
the  textual  difficulty  in  the  tenth  book  of  Milton's 
"  Paradise  Lost,"  suggested  by  the  communication 
in  your  issue  of  March  4,  I  should  like  to  venture 
the  following. 

The  whole  situation,  briefly  stated,  seems  to  be 
this :  Sin  and  Death  had  just  completed  the  giant 
causeway,  and  "  now  descried  their  way  to  earth, 
first  tending  to  Paradise"  (1.  325),  when  the  meet- 
ing with  Satan,  which  is  under  consideration,  took 
place.  Now  the  question  arises,  Where  shall  we 
locate  these  three  spirits  of  evil? 

It  appears  to  me  that  this  may  be  done  quite 
satisfactorily  by  first  gathering  together  the  most 
important  visualizing  data  of  this  structure,  and 
of  the  flight  of  Satan  returning  to  his  palace  in 
Hell.  That  great  "  pontifice  "  was  evidently  "  high 
arched"  (1.  301),  to  begin  with,  a  fact  we  must 
not  lose  sight  of,  if  we  wish  to  follow  Milton's 
description  of  this  path  through  Chaos.  A  little 
further  on  we  learn  that  Satan,  while  "  steering 
his  zenith  betwixt  Centaur  and  the  Scorpion " 
(1.  328),  or  somewhere  near  what  we  might  per- 
haps coldly  term  the  limits  of  our  solar  system, 
"met  who  to  meet  him  came"  (1.  349),  namely, 
the  aforesaid  Sin  and  Death.  Here,  I  think,  we 
should  bear  in  mind  that  he  is  returning,  not  has 
returned,  to  Hell,  as  your  correspondent  apparently 
conceived  him  to  have  done;  he  was  on  his  way, 


198 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


but  not  yet  arrived  there.  All  the  text  gives  us  is, 
that  after  Eve  was  "  seduced,"  "  to  Hell  he  now 
returned"  (11.  332-346);  "returned"  being  here, 
according  to  the  general  context,  a  simple  narrative 
imperative,  not  a  participle,  as  our  original  inquiry 
seems  to  suggest  in  the  expression :  "  At  the  mo- 
ment of  meeting  Satan  is  represented  as  l  now 
returned  to  Hell/  1.  346." 

This  contention  being  taken  for  granted,  we 
may  claim  that  Satan  only  came  upon  the  first 
incline  of  the  unsuspected  highway,  when  he  met 
his  fellow-spirits.  He  was  only  "  steering  his 
zenith,"  after  having  risen  from  Paradise,  and 
reached  the  bounds  of  our  atmospheric  sea,  wing- 
ing his  way  as  an  angle  of  light  (1.  327),  and 
apparently  unconscious  of  "  a  passage  broad, 
smooth,  easy,  inoffensive"  (1.  305),  and  obligingly 
prepared  by  his  children.  Espying  the  latter,  he 
no  doubt  descended  or  "lighted  from  his  wing," 
"  and  at  sight  of  that  stupendous  bridge  his  joy 
increased,"  and  he  stood  long  admiring  (1.  350). 
And  the  part  of  the  bridge  where  he  would  be  most 
likely  to  stop  and  praise,  as  he  soon  did,  would  be 
right  here,  rather  than  at  the  door  of  Hell,  or  at 
the  end  of  his  flight. 

Approximating,  then,  the  view  from  this  ethereal 
spot,  or  trying  to  do  so,  we  ought  not  to  do  vio- 
lence to  the  imagination  in  undertaking  to  fix  it  too 
rigidly,  and  with  too  strict  a  localism.  Neverthe- 
less, for  a  scientific  age  there  is  perhaps  nothing 
so  agreeable  here  as  at  least  a  half-way  probable 
mathematical  precision  in  the  location  of  this 
meeting-point.  This  could  be  done  by  thinking  of 
this  whole  magnitude  of  space  as  a  great  cosmic 
spherical  triangle,  with  Hell  and  Paradise  at  the 
lower  apexes  and  the  point  in  question  at  the  top; 
and  the  "  stupendous  bridge,"  or  "  the  three  several 
ways  in  sight,  to  each  of  these  three  places  "  (1. 
323),  as  the  bi-sectors  of  the  three  angles  of  this 
imaginary  triangle.  Then  the  bi-sector  of  the  Para- 
dise-angle would  curve  downward  to  Earth,  the 
bi-sector  of  the  Hell-angle  would  curve  down  to 
Hell-gates,  and  the  bi-sector  of  the  upper  angle 
would  incline  "near  to  Heaven's  door"  (1.  389). 
Thus  the  intersection  of  all  three  bi-sectors  would 
be  the  point  of  meeting  in  our  discussion. 

But  inasmuch  as  Satan  was  only  between  "  Cen- 
taur and  the  Scorpion,"  not  yet  out  of  reach  of  our 
solar  system,  he  was  at  the  "  brink  of  Chaos  "  (L 
347),  "near  the  foot  of  this  new  wondrous  ponti- 
fice."  If  then  we  consider  that  this  monstrous 
structure  was  curved  and  "  high  arched,"  and  that 
the  segment  reaching  to  earth  was  probably  shorter 
than  the  one  running  down  to  Hell  (11.  320-323), 
Sin  and  Death  could  easily  descend  to  Paradise 
and  Satan  likewise  descend  "  down  to  Hell." 

And  yet,  after  all,  the  imaginative  freedom  of 
poetry  almost  revolts  at  such  a  matter-of-fact  ex- 
planation! Suffice  it  to  say  that  Milton  here 
neither  "  nodded,"  nor  gave  an  amanuensis  cause  to 
commit  a  blunder  at  once  fatal  to  true  poetry  and 
vexatious  to  her  conscientious  student.  The  won- 
derful constructive  imagination  of  the  master  mind 
simply  took  such  a  magnificent  flight  that  ours  of 
the  lesser  wing  was  at  first  unable  to  follow. 

Louis  C.  MAROLF. 

Wilton  Junction,  Iowa,  March  8,  1915. 


SOME  ANTI-GERMAN  MISCONCEPTIONS 
CORRECTED. 

(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
Mr.  Wallace  Rice's  communication  in  your  issue 
of  February  16  contains  a  few  errors  of  fact  which 
you  may  wish  to  correct. 

1.  The  representatives  of  Alsace-Lorraine  in  the 
Reichstag  are  elected  by  universal  suffrage;    and 
this  suffrage  is  conceded  to  be  as  free  and  un- 
hampered as  any  in  the  world.     Alsace-Lorraine 
has  fifteen  representatives,  and  at  the  last  elec- 
tion two  of  these  represented  the  French  party, 
while    thirteen    represented    the    various    German 
parties. 

2.  With  the  exception  of  Mecklenburg,  all  Ger- 
man states  have  different  constitutions  than  they 
had  before  1848. 

3.  The  Constitution  of  the  German  Empire  of 
1871  is  a  liberal  document,  and  should  not  be  over- 
looked by  those  who  wish  to  discuss  German  Con- 
stitutions. 

4.  Most  Germans  who  emigrated  to  America  did 
not  do  so  because  "  life  was  unendurable  to  them 
in  the  Fatherland,"  but  because  they  believed  that 
America  offered  opportunities  which  none  of  the 
European  countries  could  afford  to  encourage.    To 
draw  conclusions  unfavorable  to   Germany  from 
the  presence  of  many  millions  of  people  of  Ger- 
man stock  in  this  country  is  erroneous  unless  one 
wishes  to  draw  similar  conclusions  as  to  the  other 
countries  whose  sons  have  settled  here.    The  aver- 
age emigration  from   England  for  the  past  ten 
years  has  been  over  200,000,  while  the  emigration 
from  Germany  has  practically  ceased. 

5.  Nobody  who  knows  modern  Germany  can  be- 
lieve that  the  Bourbon  maxim,  "  Everything  for 
the  people,  nothing  by  the  people,"  is  effective  in 
Germany  to-day.     One  glance  at  the  German  con- 
stitution, as  well  as  familiarity  with  the  workings 
of  the  Reichstag,  will  disprove  this  assertion  with- 
out question. 

6.  England  has  more  "  frightful  slaughters  on 
her  mind  "  than  any  other  nation,  perhaps  because 
the  extension  and  maintenance  of  her  world  empire 
amid  less  civilized  people  has  made  greater  de- 
mands on  her.     The  suppression   of  the  Indian 
mutinies,  the  Egyptian  River  War  described  by 
Mr.  Churchill,  the  Boer  War  with  its  concentra- 
tion camps  and  Lord  Roberts's  proclamation  issued 
from  Pretoria,  and  finally  the  oppression  of  Ire- 
land, prove  this. 

7.  During  the  Civil  War  almost  200,000  Ameri- 
cans of  German  descent  fought  for  the  Union; 
while  "  the  Germans  in  this  country,"  as  Mr.  Theo- 
dore Roosevelt  says,  "  were  largely  responsible  for 
keeping  Maryland,  Kentucky,  and  Missouri  in  the 
Union."     Nobody  thought  any  the  less  of  these 
people  at  that  time;   nor  did  any  one  doubt  their 
loyalty  because  they  were  proud  of  their  German 
descent. 

It  is  very  unfortunate  if  the  natural  difference 
of  opinion  prevalent  as  to  the  right  or  wrong  in 
the  European  War  induces  the  Anglo-Saxon  ma- 
jority or  the  Teuton  minority  to  doubt  each  other's 
loyalty  to  their  joint  country. 

EDMUND  VON  MACH. 

Cambridge,  Mass.,  March  5,  1915. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


199 


00ks. 


THE  NEW  MOVEMENT  IN  DRAMATIC 
PRESENTATION.* 


A  "new  movement"  in  art  —  or  in  anything 
else  —  generally  goes  through  three  stages. 
First,  an  idea  is  conceived  by  some  genius,  or 
by  a  few  people  of  genius  sometimes  working 
together,  sometimes  separately,  and  is  appre- 
ciated by  a  few  people  who  are  apt  nowadays 
to  be  scattered  about  all  over  the  world.  Next, 
it  begins  to  come  to  public  notice  and  is  found 
so  interesting  that  people  write,  first  articles 
then  books  about  it  or  the  people  concerned 
with  it.  Every  one  begins  to  know  something 
about  it  or  the  people  concerned  with  it,  and 
it  has  for  a  time  a  popularity  which  is  often 
enough  factitious  and  short-lived.  Later* 
everybody  knows  about  it,  takes  it  as  a  matter 
of  course,  and  then  its  true  power  begins  to 
tell  widely,  if  there  be  enough  in  it,  because 
the  people  at  large  are  familiar  enough  with 
it  to  be  able  to  get  at  its  true  spirit.  This  has 
happened  with  all  sort  of  things,  and  not  in 
matters  of  art  alone. 

The  "new  movement"  in  the  theatre  is  still, 
in  America  at  least,  in  the  second  stage.  For 
ten  or  twenty  years  there  have  been  innova- 
tions in  stage  presentation,  Greek  plays, 
Shakespearean  settings,  out-of-door  plays, 
"Yellow  Jackets,"  and  the  like.  And  for  as 
many  years  there  have  been  people  here  and 
there  who  understood  and  appreciated  them, 
sometimes  many,  sometimes  few.  Now,  how- 
ever, after  a  good  many  articles,  criticisms, 
magazines,  and  what  not,  there  are  appearing 
books  which  offer  a  general  account  of  the 
matter.  "We  are  beginning  to  wake  up  to  the 
idea  that  here  is  something  important.  Just 
how  important,  people  might  not  agree.  Mr. 
Archibald  Henderson,  in  his  chapter  on  newer 
tendencies  in  "The  Changing  Drama,"  calls 
it ' '  this  art  of  the  future  which  stands  out  as 
the  most  significant  tendency  of  the  contem- 
porary drama."  Mr.  Henderson  is  (among 
other  things)  one  of  the  most  widely  read 
dramatic  critics  of  our  day ;  few  know  as  well 
as  he  what  is  "up"  in  the  dramatic  world, 
what  are  the  currents  of  present-day  thought, 
what  people  are  thinking,  dreaming,  doing,  or 
trying  to  do.  He  views  as  most  significant 
this  effort  to  give  form  and  body  to  the  play. 
Most  significant  or  not,  good  or  bad,  here  is  a 
«lear  enough  case;  everybody  knows  some- 
thing about  it.  We  have  now  two  books,  each 

*  THE  THEATRE  OF  TODAY.  By  Hiram  Kelly  Moderwell. 
Illustrated.  New  York :  John  Lane  Co. 

THE  THEATRE  OF  MAX  REINHARDT.  By  Huntly  Carter. 
Illustrated.  New  York :  Mitchell  Kennerley. 


of  which  gives  something  of  a  broad  treatment 
of  the  subject ;  one  the  general  account  of  the 
conditions  of  the  theatre  by  Mr.  Moderwell, 
the  other  Mr.  Huntly  Carter's  book  on  Max 
Reinhardt.  This  latter  book  makes  the  well- 
known  producer  of  the  Deutsches  Theater  the 
basis  of  a  general  treatment.  Mr.  Moderwell 
gives  a  more  generally  planned  account  of  the 
matter,  but  is  more  especially  interested  in  the 
work  of  Mr.  Gordon  Craig.  As  is  commonly 
known,  these  two  men  have  for  some  years 
been  the  leading  innovators  in  the  new  Art  of 
the  Theatre. 

If  I  had  to  choose  between  the  two  I  should 
choose  Mr.  Moderwell 's  book,  and  that  not 
because  I  agree  with  him  in  his  admiration 
for  Mr.  Craig,  although  I  do,  but  because  he 
gives  a  well-ordered  and  well-worked-out  gen- 
eral treatment  of  the  whole  subject.  He 
would  appear  to  have  a  more  systematic  mind 
than  Mr.  Huntly  Carter,  who,  when  he  gave 
a  while  ago  an  aper^u  of  the  whole  field,  got 
his  material  together  in  a  form  which  must 
have  stood  in  the  way  of  many  who  would 
have  liked  to  know  something  about  the  subject 
he  was  presenting.  Nor  does  Mr.  Moderwell 
seem  to  me  less  appreciative  and  under- 
standing because  he  is  more  systematic.  He 
has  by  no  means  the  arid  idea  of  the  pure  stu- 
dent and  investigator.  In  fact,  his  mind 
appears  to  act  in  much  the  same  way  as  other 
men's,  which  is  a  great  advantage  when  one 
tries  to  explain  matters  to  one's  fellows.  The 
reader  will  find  in  his  book  general  ideas  and 
principles,  as  well  as  particular  details  and 
events ;  he  can  get  the  general  view  and  also 
learn  facts,  dates,  and  so  on. 

Mr.  Huntly  Carter  views  the  New  Theatre 
through  the  medium,  as  we  may  say,  of  Max 
Eeinhardt,  the  director  of  the  Deutsches 
Theater.  It  is  a  good  thing  that  he  has  done 
so,  for  there  is  no  other  thorough  treatment  of 
Reinhardt 's  work  in  English.  He  does  not, 
however,  give  a  definite  biography ;  in  fact  the 
title  of  his  book  shows  that  it  is  the  dramatic 
or  theatrical  art  that  is  of  interest  to  him 
rather  than  the  personal  development.  And 
in  this  matter  Mr.  Huntly  Carter  is  known  to 
have  much  information  and  knowledge.  Max 
Reinhardt  is  the  man  who  has  actually  done 
most  in  the  new  art  of  dramatic  presentation. 
For  ten  or  twelve  years  now  he  has  given  plays 
in  Berlin, —  plays  of  all  kinds:  "Salome"  by 
Oscar  Wilde,  "The  Lower  Depths"  by  Gorky, 
"Pelleas  and  Melisande"  by  Maeterlinck, 
"Electra"  by  Hofmannsthal,  "Candida"  by 
Shaw,  "Rosmersholm"  by  Ibsen,  as  well  as  the 
staid  old  plays  of  Shakespeare,  Moliere,  and 
Goethe.  He  has  naturally  put  on  the  stage  the 
plays  of  others,  many  of  whom  had  no  idea  at 


200 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  18 


all  of  the  kind  of  stage  upon  which  their  works 
were  destined  eventually  to  appear :  Sophocles 
and  Shakespeare  wrote  their  plays  for  theatres 
very  different  from  anything  Reinhardt  was 
likely  to  use.  So  in  a  lesser  degree  with 
Moliere  and  Goethe.  The  same  thing  was 
doubtless  the  case  with  many  writers  of  our 
own  day;  Gorky  and  Maeterlinck  probably 
took  little  account  of  the  possibilities  of  the 
modern  stage,  whatever  we  may  think  of 
Hofmannsthal  and  Ibsen.  Reinhardt  seems  to 
stand  for  an  idea  that  Mr.  Henderson  gives 
us :  "In  the  light  of  Croce's  theories,  I  should 
like  to  stress  the  fact  that  in  the  presentation 
of  a  drama  we  have  the  most  intricate  and  com- 
plex form  of  critical  reproduction."  Rein- 
hardt is,  as  one  may  say,  a  critic,  interpreting 
the  works  of  the  great  dramatists  of  any  and 
all  time,  just  as  .Wilhelm  Meister  interpreted 
"Hamlet,"  putting  them  so  that  people  in 
general  will  really  get  at  them. 

There  is,  however,  another  way  of  doing 
things  in  this  dramatic  movement, —  namely, 
that  which  is  generally  associated  with  the 
name  of  Mr.  Gordon  Craig.  Similar  as  his 
work  is  in  many  ways  to  that  of  Reinhardt, 
yet  if  we  may  judge  from  his  writings  it  has  a 
different  spirit  and  motive  power.  Mr.  Craig 
has  been  engaged  in  presenting  the  work  of 
others :  he  has  not  been  able  to  present  many 
plays;  he  has  no  such  imposing  record  of 
interpretations  as  Reinhardt;  but  the  few 
things  he  has  done  have  made  an  immense 
impression, —  his  "Hamlet"  and  "The  Blue 
Bird ' '  at  Moscow,  especially.  To  us  in  Amer- 
ica that  matters  less  because  we  know  these 
things  chiefly  by  book,  and  Mr.  Craig  is  most 
widely  known  by  his  writings.  If  we  call  Max 
Reinhardt  critical,  we  may  say  that  Gordon 
Craig  is  creative.  He  thinks  of  something 
other  than  simple  presentation  or  interpreta- 
tion ;  in  his  "Art  of  the  Theatre"  a  few  years 
ago  he  presented  the  idea  of  a  creative  artist 
using  all  the  means  of  the  drama  and  the  thea- 
tre to  embody  his  thought.  THE  DIAL  has 
already  printed  some  studies  of  his  ideas 
apropos  of  his  books. 

I  have  mentioned  Mr.  Moderwell's  book  as 
presenting  the  ideas  of  Mr.  Craig.  This  gives 
only  a  slight  idea  of  the  book,  which  is  an  ex- 
cellent treatment  of  the  whole  matter  of  the 
theatrical  art  of  to-day.  The  mechanical  forces 
are  described,  the  different  innovations  in  the 
form  of  the  stage, —  the  revolving  stage,  the 
rolling  stage,  the  sliding  stage;  the  arrange- 
ments for  scenery,  like  the  cyclorama  or  the 
horizont;  the  different  developments  in  light- 
ing. The  matter  is  also  considered  more  or 
less  at  length  from  the  artistic  standpoint,  and 
also  with  reference  to  what  is  being  done  in 


this  country.  Design,  color,  light,  three 
matters  so  fundamental  in  the  newer  ideas, 
are  dealt  with.  The  literary  forces  are  con- 
sidered,—  namely,  the  dramatists  now  at  work 
throughout  the  world.  The  book  ends  with  a 
consideration  of  the  social  and  economic 
forces;  and  in  fact  we  have  a  very  general, 
all-around  treatment  of  the  subject,  not  at  all 
limited  to  any  particular  view  or  school.  I  do 
not,  in  fact,  know  of  any  other  one  book  which 
gives  a  better  introduction  to  the  dramatic 
world  to-day,  unless  it  be  that  of  Mr.  Hender- 
son's already  quoted,  which  takes  the  subject 
rather  from  the  dramatic  standpoint,  the  point 
of  view  of  literature,  as  Mr.  Moderwell  views 
it  from  the  theatrical  standpoint,  that  of  the 
stage. 

Mr.  Moderwell's  book  is  a  good  accompani- 
ment to  those  of  Mr.  Gordon  Craig  in  giving 
an  idea  of  the  theatre,  not  so  much  as  the 
means  of  interpreting  the  work  of  great 
dramatists,  as  a  means  whereby  the  artist  may 
express  himself.  That  is  the  new  ' '  Art  of  the 
Theatre";  just  as  an  artist  may  express  him- 
self in  painting,  music,  poetry,  architecture, 
or  in  many  other  well-recognized  ways,  so  he 
may  express  himself  by  the  much  more  com- 
plex means  of  the  theatre,  which  calls  for  the 
use  of  poetry,  painting,  music,  architecture,  as 
well  as  acting,  dancing,  pantomime,  costume, 
and  so  on.  "The  drama  as  the  culminating 
synthesis  of  all  the  arts"  is  Mr.  Henderson's 
expression.  The  artist  of  the  theatre  is  a 
creator  rather  than  a  critic.  This  is  rather  an 
art  of  the  future:  even  Mr.  Gordon  Craig, 
who  is  very  busy  fashioning  his  instrument, 
has  not  yet  played  upon  it,  at  least  so  far  as 
the  world  in  general  is  concerned. 

Although  Mr.  Huntly  Carter  seems  some- 
thing of  a  partisan,  I  see  no  reason  why  one 
should  think  of  any  necessary  antagonism  be- 
tween the  critical  and  the  creative  schools  of 
presentation.  Even  though  the  creative  view 
appeal  to  one  most,  as  it  does  to  me,  there  is 
no  getting  away  from  the  other.  Create  as 
much  as  possible,  there  must  always  be  the 
critical  presentation,  unless  we  are  content  to 
let  all  the  great  drama  of  the  past  sink  into 
nothingness.  There  will  always  be  the  pre- 
sentation of  Shakespeare,  for  instance,  unless 
Mr.  Shaw  should  succeed  in  his  ill-concealed 
effort  to  make  away  with  him  in  the  public 
mind.  It  will  never  be  possible  to  present 
Shakespeare  in  the  way  he  was  originally  pre- 
sented,—  we  can  never  produce  just  the  im- 
pressions that  he  produced  in  the  way  he  did ; 
if  we  could  reconstitute  the  Elizabethan  actor 
and  the  Elizabethan  play-house  we  could  never 
reconstitute  the  Elizabethan  audience.  So 
there  must  always  be  the  modern  presentation 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


201 


of  Shakespeare  and  of  the  other  great  masters 
of  the  drama,  and  that,  as  a  rule,  by  means  of 
which  they  did  not  dream.  Even  the  dram- 
atists of  our  day,  unless  devoted  "men  of 
the  theatre, ' '  must  often  be  in  ignorance  of  the 
means  whereby  their  imaginations  will  be  real- 
ized; indeed,  they  must  often  see  their  own 
imaginations  realized  in  ways  better  and  more 
adequate  than  they  had  conceived  themselves. 
The  critical  presentation  will  even  be  the  most 
common.  It  is  presumably  easier,  for  one 
thing ;  in  the  drama,  as  elsewhere,  one  will  find 
many  men  of  critical  ability  for  one  of  any 
creative  power.  It  is  also  more  widely  useful ; 
in  learning  the  Art  of  the  Theatre,  as  in  learn- 
ing any  other  art,  whether  for  creative  pur- 
pose or  merely  for  general  culture,  one  must 
deal  with  the  work  of  earlier  masters.  Great 
geniuses  have  developed  without  the  training 
of  schools  and  conservatories,  and  on  the  other 
hand  the  confining  effect  of  traditional  criti- 
cism has  been  long  understood.  Yet  in  the 
main,  genius  likes  to  view  the  work  of  genius. 
One  cannot  learn  the  Art  of  the  Theatre  out  of 
one's  head,  nor  are  there  many  schools  like  Mr. 
Craig's  at  Florence;  the  young  artists  of  the 
theatre  must  learn  their  art  by  seeing  plays 
produced,  and  it  will  certainly  be  hard  on 
them  (as  on  the  public)  to  see  only  the  plays 
of  their  own  time  and  generation  and  even 
moment,  as  might  be  the  case  if  the  creative 
artist  of  the  theatre  dominated  the  situation. 
There  must  always  be  critics  of  the  theatre, 
like  Max  Reinhardt,  who  has  never  sought 
himself  to  create,  save  perhaps  in  a  minor  way. 
Yet  the  ideas  of  Mr.  Craig  are  singularly  sug- 
gestive. The  practical  man  will  doubtless 
think  it  improbable  that  we  shall  ever  have 
many  dramatic  artists  who  can  both  conceive 
a  dramatic  idea  and  themselves  bring  it  to 
presentation,  even  with  the  assistance  of  prop- 
erly subservient  specialists  in  acting,  lighting, 
music,  and  so  on.  It  is  probable  that  we  shall 
never  have  very  many,  but  certainly  we  shall 
have  none  at  all  unless  a  beginning  is  somehow 
made.  And  making  once  a  good  beginning  we 
may  find  it  not  so  impossible  to  continue  as  it 
may  have  once  appeared. 

To  me,  if  I  may  add  a  sort  of  obiter  dictum, 
such  matters  appear  most  likely  to  be  fruitful 
in  a  direction  not  often  noticed, —  namely,  in 
developing  a  dramatic  audience.  I  know  of 
nothing  that  makes  one  understand  a  play  bet- 
ter than  to  try  to  present  it.  If  you  want  to 
understand  "Hamlet,"  get  a  company  of  your 
friends  to  act  "Hamlet,"  even  though  you 
can  get  nobody  to  come  and  see  you.  The 
study  you  will  have  to  give  the  play  will  give 
you  an  appreciation  you  never  have  had  be- 
fore, especially  if  you  can  yourself  assume  the 


task  of  directing  the  performance.  But  more 
useful  even  than  the  presenting  the  works  of 
others  is  the  presenting  plays  of  one's  own 
upon  no  matter  how  small  a  scale  provided  it 
be  done  with  any  real  consideration  of  the 
needs  and  necessities  of  the  case.  You  may 
give  your  performance  at  one  end  of  a  parlor, 
on  a  High  School  stage,  at  a  Club  smoker,  or  in 
a  garden,  or  anywhere  else.  Provided  you 
realize  your  dramatic  opportunities  and  use 
them  in  an  artistic  way,  you  are  getting  some- 
thing on  the  Art  of  the  Theatre  that  you  can- 
not get  even  by  going  to  see  other  people  act 
every  night  in  the  season  and  reading  plays  in 
books  all  the  rest  of  the  year.  Only  one  must 
do  the  thing  in  the  best  way  with  the  view  of 
the  artist  of  the  theatre, —  not  necessarily  of 
Mr.  Gordon  Craig  or  any  particular  person. 
And  a  public  made  up  of  people  who  were 
accustomed  to  such  matters,  who  took  stage 
presentation  as  naturally  as  they  did  reading, 
would  be  one  which  would  appreciate  the  work 
of  the  masters  better  than  ours  does  now. 

EDWARD  E.  HALE. 


Two  YEARS  IN  HURRICANE  LAND.* 


After  the  thrill  and  exultation  attending  the 
conquest  of,  first,  the  North  Pole  and  then, 
within  a  brief  space,  the  South  Pole,  it  might 
seem  that  further  exploration  of  Arctic  or 
Antarctic  regions  must  partake  of  the  nature 
of  an  anticlimax ;  and  in  some  sense  this  can- 
not but  be  true.  No  other  pushing  into  the 
unknown  can  quite  equal  in  excitement  the 
pursuit  of  that  infinitesimal  point  where  all 
the  meridians  meet  and  there  is  no  longer  any 
East  or  any  West.  But  just  as  the  discovery 
of  America  did  not  exhaust  the  possibilities  of 
occidental  exploration  and  adventure,  so  the 
achievements  of  Captains  Peary  and  Amund- 
sen have  rather  stimulated  than  deadened 
eagerness  to  learn  more  of  the  secrets  of  the 
frozen  polar  seas  and  undefined  continents. 
Among  those  best  equipped  by  nature  and 
training  to  supplement  the  work  of  those 
earlier  explorers,  Sir  Douglas  Mawson,  of  Ade- 
laide University  and  a  member  of  the  Shackle- 
ton  expedition  of  1907-9,  .is  not  the  least 
conspicuous.  His  organization  and  leadership 
of  the  Australasian  Antarctic  Expedition  of 
1911-14  placed  him  among  the  foremost  of 
skilled  and  resourceful  and  intrepid  adven- 
turers into  the  vast  unknown  of  Antarctica, 
"the  home  of  the  blizzard,"  as  he  calls  it  in 
the  title  to  his  elaborate  work  descriptive  of 
that  expedition,  now  published  in  two  hand- 


*  THE  HOME  OP  THE  BLIZZARD.  Being  the  Story  of  the 
Australasian  Antarctic  Expedition,  1911-1914.  By  Sir  Douglas 
Mawson,  D.Sc.,  B.E.  Illustrated  in  color  and  black  and  white, 
also  with  maps.  Philadelphia :  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 


202 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


some  volumes,  with  every  accompaniment  of 
colored  and  uncolored  illustration,  of  map  and 
diagram  and  appendix,  that  the  exigent  reader 
could  desire  —  except  that  the  more  scientific 
or  technical  fruits  of  the  undertaking  are 
reserved  for  future  presentation. 

As  explained  in  the  opening  chapter,  the 
design  of  the  expedition  was  to  land  a  party 
of  five  men  on  Macquarie  Island,  about  half- 
way between  Australia  and  the  Antarctic  con- 
tinent, this  party  to  be  equipped  with  wireless 
apparatus  for  communication  with  the  ex- 
plorers southward  and  with  Hobart  to  the 
north,  and  to  carry  on  certain  assigned  investi- 
gations, while  the  rest  of  the  company  took  in 
hand  the  more  arduous  and  hazardous  ex- 
ploration of  the  little-known  regions  lying 
within  or  near  the  Antarctic  Circle  between 
King  George  V  Land  on  the  east  and  Queen 
Mary  Land  on  the  west,  or  over  a  stretch  of 
nearly  sixty  degrees  of  longitude.  This  latter 
work  was  to  be  done  by  several  parties  oper- 
ating separately  but  in  pursuance  of  one  well- 
considered  scheme,  which  embraced  researches 
in  geography,  oceanography,  meteorology, 
glaciology,  geology,  biology,  bacteriology,  the 
study  of  tides,  wireless  and  auroral  observa- 
tions, and  terrestrial  magnetism.  In  addition 
to  the  chief's  account  of  the  expedition  as  a 
whole,  and  of  his  own  activities  as  organizer 
and  leader,  as  first  in  command  at  the  "main 
base"  in  Adelie  Land,  and  as  engaged  in  a 
particularly  toilsome  and  dangerous  excur- 
sion to  the  eastward  across  King  George  V 
Land,  the  book  contains  subordinate  and  al- 
most equally  interesting  narratives  from  the 
pens  of  those  who  led  forth  other  parties  on 
their  several  more  or  less  perilous  quests. 

Even  those  who  have  had  but  slight  expe- 
rience in  roughing  it  with  an  outing  party  will 
appreciate  what  the  author  has  to  say  on  the 
extreme  importance  of  care  in  selecting  the 
men  with  whom  one  is  to  winter  and  summer 
in  the  wilderness.  Mental  and  physical  equip- 
ment for  the  work  in  prospect  is  not  enough, 
though  it  is  indispensable ;  moral  quality  must 
also  be  insisted  upon. 

"  In  no  department  can  a  leader  spend  time  more 
profitably  than  in  the  selection  of  the  men  who  are 
to  accomplish  the  work.  Even  when  the  expedition 
has  a  scientific  basis,  academic  distinction  becomes 
secondary  to  the  choice  of  men.  Fiala,  as  a  result 
of  his  Arctic  experience,  truly  says,  '  Many  a  man 
who  is  a  jolly  good  fellow  in  congenial  surround- 
ings will  become  impatient,  selfish  and  mean  when 
obliged  to  sacrifice  his  comfort,  curb  his  desires 
and  work  hard  in  what  seems  a  losing  fight.  The 
first  consideration  in  the  choice  of  men  for  a  polar 
campaign  should  be  the  moral  quality.  Next  should 
come  mental  and  physical  powers.'  " 
Of  interest,  too,  is  this  further  specification  of 


attributes  essential  to  success  in  the  peculiar 
task  here  under  consideration : 

"  For  polar  work  the  great  desideratum  is  tem- 
pered youth.  Although  one  man  at  the  age  of  fifty 
may  be  as  strong  physically  as  another  at  the  age 
of  twenty,  it  is  certain  that  the  exceptional  man  of 
fifty  was  also  an  exceptional  man  at  twenty.  On 
the  average,  after  about  thirty  years  of  age,  the 
elasticity  of  the  body  to  rise  to  the  strain  of 
emergency  diminishes,  and,  when  forty  years  is 
reached,  a  man,  medically  speaking,  reaches  his 
acme.  After  that,  degeneration  of  the  fabric  of  the 
body  slowly  and  maybe  imperceptibly  sets  in.  As 
the  difficulties  of  exploration  in  cold  regions  ap- 
proximate to  the  limit  of  human  endurance  and 
often  enough  exceed  it,  it  is  obvious  that  the  above 
generalizations  must  receive  due  weight." 

The  men  selected  with  proper  regard  to  this 
Oslerian  age  limit  comprised  a  party  of  about 
forty,  including  the  five  ship's  officers  and 
several  temporary  members  of  the  expedition, 
and  all  but  one  seem  to  have  fulfilled  expecta- 
tion in  respect  to  physical  hardihood.  That 
one,  Dr.  Xavier  Mertz,  a  Swiss  of  exceptional 
ability  and  promise,  and  not  yet  thirty  years 
of  age,  succumbed  to  exposure  and  an  insuffi- 
ciency of  nutrition  on  the  arduous  expedition 
already  mentioned  which  was  led  by  Dr.  Maw- 
son.  The  other  member  of  this  party,  Lieuten- 
ant B.  E.  S.  Ninnis,  a  youth  of  twenty- three, 
also  lost  his  life  on  the  way,  falling  with  sledge 
and  dogs  through  a  crust  of  snow  covering  a 
crevasse.  These  two,  it  appears,  were  the  only 
ones  who  failed  to  survive  the  rigors  and 
perils  of  the  enterprise. 

Most  tragic  and  grimly  impressive  is  the 
story  of  that  ill-fated  excursion  from  which 
only  the  leader,  after  indescribable  sufferings 
and  hair-breadth  escapes,  returned  to  the 
friendly  shelter  of  winter  quarters.  That  a 
month  of  lonely  struggle  and  semi-starvation 
(the  last  dog  had  been  sacrificed)  in  those  icy 
solitudes  should  have  left  him  with  reason 
unimpaired  and  bodily  powers  not  perma- 
nently weakened,  is  almost  beyond  belief,  and 
speaks  volumes  for  his  virility.  The  tempta- 
tion to  let  go  his  grip,  in  more  senses  than  one, 
evidently  assailed  him  with  increasing  fre- 
quency as  the  margin  of  possible  endurance 
became  narrower.  A  passage  from  his  diary 
illustrates  that  strange  mingling  of  the  awful 
and  the  trivial,  the  sublime  and  the  ridiculous, 
that  many  a  reader  will  have  noted  in  his  own 
experience  at  moments  of  exceptional  trial  or 
danger. 

"  Going  up  a  long,  fairly  steep  slope,  deeply 
covered  with  soft  snow,  broke  through  lid  of 
crevasse  but  caught  myself  at  thighs,  got  out, 
turned  fifty  yards  to  the  north,  then  attempted  to 
cross  trend  of  crevasse,  there  being  no  indication  of 
it;  a  few  moments  later  found  myself  dangling 
fourteen  feet  below  on  end  of  rope  in  crevasse  — 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


203 


sledge  creeping  to  mouth  —  had  time  to  say  to 
myself,  '  so  this  is  the  end,'  expecting  the  sledge 
every  moment  to  crash  on  my  head  and  all  go  to  the 
unseen  bottom  —  then  thought  of  the  food  uneaten 
on  the  sledge;  but  as  the  sledge  pulled  up  without 
letting  me  down,  thought  of  Providence  giving  me 
another  chance." 

It  was  a  small  chance,  but  the  edge  of  the 
crevasse  was  at  last  gained,  when  a  second  fall, 
to  the  full  length  of  the  rope,  followed.  The 
remainder  of  the  incident  must  be  told  in  the 
author's  own  words: 

"  Exhausted,  weak  and  chilled  (for  my  hands 
were  bare  and  pounds  of  snow  had  got  inside  my 
clothing)  I  hung  with  the  firm  conviction  that  all 
was  over  except  the  passing.  Below  was  a  black 
chasm;  it  would  be  but  the  work  of  a  moment  to 
slip  from  the  harness,  then  all  the  pain  and  toil 
would  be  over.  It  was  a  rare  situation,  a  rare 
temptation  —  a  chance  to  quit  small  things  for 
great  —  to  pass  from  the  petty  exploration  of  a 
planet  to  the  contemplation  of  vaster  worlds  be- 
yond. But  there  was  all  eternity  for  the  last  and, 
at  its  longest,  the  present  would  be  but  short.  I 
felt  better  for  the  thought.  My  strength  was  fast 
ebbing;  in  a  few  minutes  it  would  be  too  late.  It 
was  the  occasion  for  a  supreme  effort.  New  powers 
seemed  to  come  as  I  addressed  myself  to  one  last 
tremendous  effort.  The  struggle  occupied  some 
time,  but  by  a  miracle  I  rose  slowly  to  the  surface. 
This  time  I  emerged  feet  first,  still  holding  on  to 
the  rope,  and  pushed  myself  out,  extended  at  full 
length,  on  the  snow  —  on  solid  ground.  Then  came 
the  reaction,  and  I  could  do  nothing  for  quite  an 
hour/' 

Though  the  author  modestly  ascribes  to  a 
friendly  reviser  any  literary  merit  his  chap- 
ters may  possess,  it  is  plain  that  the  pre- 
requisite of  having  something  to  say  before 
attempting  to  say  it,  is  all  his  own,  and  that  he 
can  well  afford  to  let  his  style  take  care  of 
itself.  Not  unworthy  of  a  place  beside  the  last 
recorded  words  of  the  ill-fated  Captain  Scott 
is  the  terse  account  of  that  all  but  desperate 
struggle  to  regain  the  land  of  the  living  after 
death  had  claimed  the  two  companions  of  the 
outward  journey.  Other  parts  that  hold  the 
attention  are  the  detailed  descriptions  of  land- 
ing, hut-building,  dog-management,  and  all 
the  ingenuities  and  contrivances  evolved  by 
the  exigencies  of  the  time  and  place.  Recogni- 
tion also  is  due  to  the  clear  style,  effective  and 
unwasteful  of  words,  in  which  the  lesser  con- 
tributors to  the  book  tell  their  respective  tales 
of  more  or  less  exciting  adventure.  A  later 
work  presenting  the  scientific  results  of  these 
two  years  (and  somewhat  more)  of  manifold 
investigation  in  an  almost  virgin  field  is  prom- 
ised. Here,  then,  let  it  suffice  to  register 
appreciation  of  the  more  generally  narrative 
and  descriptive  volumes.  Their  appearance 
and  workmanship,  with  the  large,  clear  type 
of  the  Ballantyne  Press,  and  with  their  many 


strikingly  beautiful  illustrations,  including  a 
number  of  unusually  fine  colored  ones,  and 
their  generous  provision  of  large  folding  maps, 
could  not  easily  have  been  improved  upon.  In 
only  one  particular,  hardly  important  enough 
to  mention,  has  expectation  been  a  little  dis- 
appointed :  the  index  references  seem  to  lack 
that  scrupulous  accuracy  which  the  reviewer 
if  not  the  general  reader  likes  to  find  in  a 
work  of  so  rich  and  varied  contents  as  "The 
Home  of  the  Blizzard. ' ' 

PERCY  F.  BICKNELL. 


THE  QUALITY'  OF  GENIUS.* 


The  first  edition  of  Tiirck's  "Man  of 
Genius"  was  published  in  Germany  in  1896, 
and  was  so  well  received  that  other  editions, 
variously  revised  and  enlarged,  rapidly  fol- 
lowed one  another.  In  all,  seven  editions  have 
been  issued  in  Germany  up  to  the  present  time. 
The  English  translation,  now  before  us,  was 
prepared  and  printed  in  Germany,  though 
published  in  London. 

Dr.  Tiirck's  conception  of  genius  is  a  quali- 
tative rather  than  a  quantitative  one.  We  are 
not  to  regard  as  a  genius  any  man  possessing 
extraordinary  abilities,  without  reference  to 
their  nature.  On  the  other  hand,  something  of 
the  quality  of  genius  is  universal :  as  Schopen- 
hauer said,  ' '  really  every  child  is  to  a  certain 
extent  a  genius."  We  are  to  consider  that 
genius  is  an  inherent  power,  without  reference 
to  performance;  thus  it  is  easy  to  imagine  a 
man  potentially  capable  of  producing  works  of 
genius,  hindered  by  circumstances  from  doing 
anything  of  consequence.  What,  then,  is  the 
essential  mark  of  genius?  It  is,  according  to 
Dr.  Tiirck  (following  Schopenhauer),  a  capac- 
ity for  love,  using  that  word  in  the  widest 
sense, —  an  objective  tendency,  which  seeks 
realization  through  contact  with  the  external 
world,  and  puts  aside  selfish  and  subjective  mo- 
tives. At  the  same  time,  appreciation  or  love 
being  the  motive  force,  reality  is  idealized,  and 
the  world  is  understood  in  its  meaning,  rather 
than  in  its  imperfect  expression.  This,  we 
must  hold,  is  to  get  at  the  core  of  truth,  the 
original  version  of  which  visible  things  are,  as 
it  were,  an  imperfect  translation.  Thus  we 
glide  into  idealism,  our  own  nature  suffusing 
and  transforming  external  reality. 

It  may  properly  be  objected,  that  Dr.  Tiirck 
has  selected  the  human  quality  which  he  most 
admires  and  values,  and  has  labelled  it  genius. 
At  the  same  time,  he  is  not  altogether  without 
warrant  in  this,  for  according  to  the  ordi- 
nary conception  of  the  word,  genius  certainly 


*  THE  MAN  OP  GENIUS. 
York  :  The  Macmillan  Co. 


By  Hermann  THJrck.  Ph.D.     New 


204 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


implies  increased  capacity  for  understanding 
and  appreciation.  Think  of  any  man  to  whom 
we  ascribe  this  quality, —  is  he  not  distin- 
guished by  the  breadth  and  depth  of  his 
relationship  to  reality,  by  the  extent  of  his  com- 
prehension of  truth  ?  He  cannot  be  wholly  self- 
centred,  if  only  for  the  reason  that  his  field 
would  remain  altogether  too  narrow  for  the 
expression  of  his  powers.  So,  as  we  think 
about  it,  the  simple  definition  which  our  author 
gives,  "genius  is  love,"  rather  grows  upon 
us,  and  seems  less  absurd  than  when  we  first 
read  it. 

Then,  as  to  the  idealistic  outcome:  is  it  a 
final  reaction  from  the  severity  of  truth,  a  re- 
turn to  the  subjectivism  from  which  we  sup- 
posed we  had  escaped?  Perhaps  so,  in  part, 
but  it  is  curious  to  recall  a  rather  similar 
development  in  the  innermost  sanctum  of  the 
most  modern  science.  Following  the  path  first 
indicated  by  Mendel,  we  have  explored  the 
maze  of  heredity  in  directions  he  never  knew, 
and  find  ourselves  contemplating  every  living 
being  as  a  compromise  between  what  is  and 
what ' '  might  have  been. ' '  Not  at  all  as  a  mat- 
ter of  idealism,  but  by  calculations  having 
almost  the  validity  of  mathematics,  do  we 
postulate  the  potential  qualities  of  this  or  that 
descendant  of  known  ancestors,  and  estimate 
the  deviation  from  the  fullest  expression,  due 
to  this  cause  or  that.  Are  we,  then,  to  blame 
the  philosophical  idealist,  who,  looking  beneath 
the  surface  of  things,  discerns  often  a  half- 
expressed  meaning,  and  values  the  outcome 
partly  for  the  implied  purpose  ?  Crass  anthro- 
pomorphism, if  you  like,  but  we  cannot  do 
without  it.  Repeat  a  thousand  times,  things 
are  what  they  are,  and  even  in  science  we  can 
never  forget  that  they  are  also,  in  a  genuine 
sense  for  us,  what  they  are  not. 

It  is  rather  more  difficult  to  follow  our 
author  in  some  other  matters.  Growing  out 
of  the  idea  of  the  disinterestedness  of  genius, 
there  is  developed  the  conception  that  the  ac- 
tivity must  be  its  own  justification,  rather  than 
any  particular  end  to  be  gained.  In  any 
intense  work,  it  is  certainly  true  that  the  mind 
is  centred  upon  the  activity  itself,  and  the  end 
to  be  gained  may  be  quite  nebulous  or  unreal- 
ized for  the  time  being.  Under  such  circum- 
stances the  work  is  pleasurable;  whereas  if 
the  end  alone  is  in  view,  it  becomes  a  burden. 
Dr.  Tiirck  goes  so  far  as  to  assert  that  the  high- 
est work,  thus  accomplished,  is  of  the  nature 
of  play,  and  states  in  several  passages  that  the 
genius  is  primarily  interested  in  what  he  is 
doing,  and  cannot  take  the  world  and  its  needs 
very  seriously.  He  thus  dismisses  the  future, 
as  it  were ;  he  has  neither  hope  nor  fear ;  in  a 
word  he  is  free  from  care.  Here  we  think  the 


extremes  meet,  and  we  find  that  our  genius  is 
after  all  in  danger  of  landing  in  that  very  mire 
of  selfishness  from  which  he  had  escaped.  We 
are  confirmed  in  this  opinion  when  we  find  the 
author  lauding  Napoleon  as  a  man  after  his 
own  heart. 

This  breakdown  of  the  whole  theory,  as  it 
seems  to  us,  is  especially  apparent  in  the  ex- 
tremely interesting  chapter  on  "Hamlet." 
The  play  is  analyzed  quite  fully  from  Dr. 
Tiirck 's  point  of  view;  and  whatever  we  may 
think  of  this,  the  boldness  and  originality  of 
the  treatment  command  admiration.  The  idea 
is,  that  Hamlet  was  a  genius  in  the  fullest 
sense  of  the  word,  capable  of  great  ideas,  of 
seeing  things  in  the  large,  incapable  of  nar- 
rowness and  selfishness.  He  grew  up  believing 
in  the  general  goodness  of  men  and  things, 
supposing  that  the  love  of  his  mother  and  the 
respect  of  all  men  for  his  father  were  due  to 
the  latter 's  good  qualities  alone.  When  he 
finds  that  the  same  respect  and  love  are  given 
to  one  who  has  indeed  power,  but  is  in  all  other 
respects  unworthy,  the  whole  fabric  of  his 
idealism  collapses.  He  finds,  too,  that  Ophelia 
has  none  of  the  high  qualities  which  he  sup- 
posed must  go  with  so  lovely  a  form.  Conse- 
quently, although  he  is  not  wanting  in  courage 
and  other  manly  qualities,  he  sees  things  in  too 
large  a  way  to  care  very  much  about  mere 
revenge,  about  a  deed  which  will  not,  can  not, 
set  the  whole  world  right.  It  is  not  a  matter 
of  conscience,  of  moral  uncertainty,  but  of 
lack  of  interest  in  a  mere  detail  of  the  wretch- 
edness of  things.  Dr.  Tiirck  states  that  this 
explanation  occurred  to  him  one  day  when 
reflecting  on  the  passage  in  the  Gospel  of 
Matthew,  in  which  Christ  asks  "Who  is  my 
mother  ?  and  who  are  my  brethren  ?  And  he 
stretched  forth  his  hand  toward  his  disciples, 
and  said,  Behold  my  mother  and  my  breth- 
ren ! "  It  struck  him  that  Hamlet,  in  like  man- 
ner, had  gone  beyond  the  stage  of  feeling 
special  responsibility  in  connection  with  his 
father  as  distinguished  from  other  men. 

This  ingenious  hypothesis  surely  cannot 
represent  Shakespeare's  meaning.  As  it  seems 
to  the  reviewer,  the  greatness  of  the  tragedy 
of  "Hamlet,"  as  that  of  "Othello,"  lies  in  the 
internal  rather  than  the  external  failure,  the 
wreck  of  an  essentially  noble  nature  which 
could  not  rise  to  the  occasion.  It  is  for  this 
reason  that  we  are  more  moved  by  these  plays 
than  by  "Julius  Caesar."  To  represent  Ham- 
let's attitude  as  laudable,  and  put  the  whole 
blame  on  the  cheapness  of  his  environment,  is 
to  emasculate  the  work.  At  the  same  time,  no 
doubt,  the  quality  which  Dr.  Tiirck  calls 
genius,  the  breadth  of  understanding  and  ap- 
preciation, may  at  times  deprive  men  of  that 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


205 


simplicity  of  purpose  which  is  necessary  to 
action.  Shakespeare  appears  to  have  under- 
stood at  least  this,  that  academic  life  and 
thought  tended  to  inhibit  action,  and  his  lesson 
may  not  be  without  significance  for  us  to-day. 

Other  chapters  take  up  Goethe's  "Faust," 
Byron's  "Manfred,"  Schopenhauer  and  Spi- 
noza, Christ  and  Buddha,  Darwin  and  Lorn- 
broso,  Stirner,  Nietzsche,  and  Ibsen.  The 
treatment  of  "Faust"  is  especially  detailed 
and  original,  but  we  cannot  take  the  space  to 
outline  it  here.  Stirner,  Nietzsche,  and  Ibsen, 
together  with  Lombroso,  are  vigorously  at- 
tacked, and  called  antisophers.  It  is  perhaps 
hardly  fair  to  class  Ibsen  with  the  others,  but 
his  work  is  discussed  at  length,  and  the  au- 
thor's position  is  made  clear.  We  may  close 
with  a  quotation  remarkable  not  only  for  its 
pungent  sarcasm,  but  for  a  certain  suggestive- 
ness  in  relation  to  the  attitude  taken  by  some 
learned  men  with  reference  to  the  happenings 
of  to-day.  After  describing  Nietzsche's  theory 
of  conduct,  Dr.  Turck  exclaims : 

"  Imagine,  on  these  lines,  a  speech  for  the  de- 
fence such  as  the  following :  '  Gentlemen  of  the 
jury,  the  accused  pleads  guilty  to  having  com- 
mitted a  murder:  I  request  you,  however,  to  con- 
sider how  horribly  beautiful  his  crime  is.  From 
a  sheer  passion  for  murder  —  because,  as  our  great 
Nietzsche  sayc,  "  his  soul  wanted  blood  ...  he 
thirsted  for  the  happiness  of  the  knife," — he  de- 
coyed a  child  to  a  lonely  place,  and  slowly  killed 
it  with  exquisite  tortures.  Neither  the  innocently 
terrified  looks  of  the  child,  the  little  hands  con- 
vulsively clasped  in  despair,  the  small  body  trem- 
bling and  twitching  with  pain,  nor  the  pitifully 
beseeching  voice  and  the  frightful  cries  of  the 
little  creature  writhing  in  an  agonizing  death 
could  touch  this  man's  heart.  What  sternness  of 
decision  and  character  he  here  showed.  To  whom 
would  it  come  easy  to  imitate  him?  Who  would 
not  rather  commit  suicide  than  inflict  such  terrible 
suffering  on  a  poor  little  creature?  Gentlemen  of 
the  jury,  I  pray  you  to  admire  this  man's  strength 
of  mind,  "  the  beautiful  terribleness  of  the  deed," 
as  our  famous  antisopher  calls  it,  and  further  beg 
you  to  consider  what  this  man  would  have  been 
able  to  accomplish,  had  he  been  born  to  a  throne.' " 

T.  D.   A.    COCKERELL. 


ENGLISH  LJTERATITRE  ix  THE  ROMANTIC 
PERIOD.* 


For  the  earlier  volumes  of  "The  Cambridge 
History  of  English  Literature,"  the  editors 
fortunately  secured  a  number  of  contributions 
outside  of  Great  Britain ;  in  the  later  ones  the 
custom  seems  to  be  passing.  The  latest  volume 
contains  one  chapter  by  a  French  scholar,  who 

*  THE  CAMBRIDGE  HISTORY  OP  ENGLISH  LITERATURE.  Edited 
by  A.  W.  Ward  and  A.  R.  Waller.  Volume  XI.,  The  Period 
of  the  French  Revolution.  Cambridge,  England :  University 
Press.  New  York :  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 


is  the  sole  representative  of  Continental  learn- 
ing. The  absence  of  any  chapter  from  Amer- 
ica might  be  explained  by  the  fact  that  a 
supplementary  enterprise,  "The  Cambridge 
History  of  American  Literature,"  which  is 
now  in  preparation,  has  been  entrusted  to 
American  hands  —  it  is,  indeed,  mainly  an 
American  venture.  But,  as  in  Volume  X.,  the 
bibliographies  here  and  there  betray  an  inex- 
cusable ignorance  of  books  and  articles  that 
have  been  published  in  this  country.  One  has 
a  feeling  that  some  of  our  English  cousins 
more  readily  tolerate  American  scholarship 
when  it  concerns  itself  with  Old  and  Middle 
English,  or  with  the  Elizabethans  and  Milton, 
and  are  less  complacent  when  we  offer  to  inter- 
pret the  modern  poets. 

Of  the  sixteen  chapters,  eight  are  by  persons 
whom  we  have  come  to  recognize  as  steady 
contributors:  Mr.  Previte-Orton  deals  with 
"Political  Writers  and  Speakers";  Professor 
Sorley  with  "Bentham  and  the  Early  Utilita- 
rians"; Mr.  Child  with  Cowper  and  with 
Crabbe;  Professor  Saintsbury  with  Southey, 
with  "The  Prosody  of  the  Eighteenth  Cen- 
tury," and  with  "The  Growth  of  the  Later 
Novel";  and  Mr.  Harold  Routh  with  "The 
Georgian  Drama. ' '  Practice,  and  an  ability  to 
anticipate  the  plans  and  wishes  of  the  editors, 
are  sure  to  tell  in  a  work  of  this  sort;  the 
chapter  by  Mr.  Routh,  for  example,  is  a  model 
in  perspective  and  compression,  without  undue 
sacrifice  of  interest.  Nor  are  the  authors  of 
the  remaining  chapters  all  new ;  Mr.  Aldis  has 
appeared  before,  and  so  have  Mr.  Henderson, 
Mr.  Yaughan,  and  Professor  Grierson. 

It  would  be  idle  to  repeat  the  table  of  con- 
tents. We  must  single  out  a  few  chapters  for 
special  mention.  The  first,  that  of  Professor 
Grierson  on  Burke,  opens  with  a  laborious  sen- 
tence containing  ninety-nine  words  and  a  date. 
Once  in  motion,  however,  we  are  carried  along 
easily  on  a  stream  that  more  than  once  reminds 
us  of  the  tide  in  the  eloquence  of  the  master- 
orator  himself.  Professor  Grierson,  rising  to 
the  height  of  his  great  argument,  has  produced 
an  essay  (if  one  be  allowed  to  predict)  that 
will  have  a  lasting  place  in  the  literature  on 
Burke.  It  is  clear ;  it  is  orderly ;  it  is  elevated 
in  tone;  it  displays  true  philosophic  insight. 
And  it  has  memorable  passages,  such  as  this 
one  on  Burke 's  temperament : 

"  The  sensitive,  brooding  imagination,  which, 
coupled  with  a  restless,  speculative  intellect,  seek- 
ing ever  to  illuminate  facts  by  principles,  gives 
tone  to  Burke's  speeches  and  pamphlets;  for  it  is 
this  temperament  which  imparts  vividness  and  color 
to  the  dry  details  of  historical  and  statistical 
knowledge,  and  it  is  this  temperament  which  at 
once  directs,  keeps  in  check,  and  prescribes  its 
limits  to,  that  speculative,  inquiring  intellect." 


206 


THE    DIAL 


[  March  18 


Again : 

"  Of  the  three  means  by  which  Cicero,  following 
the  Greeks,  declares  that  the  orator  achieves  his 
end  of  winning  over  men's  minds,  docendo,  con- 
ciliando,  permovendo,  tradition  and  the  evidence 
of  his  works  point  to  Burke's  having  failed  chiefly 
in  the  second.  He  could  delight,  astound,  and  con- 
vince an  audience.  He  did  not  easily  conciliate 
and  win  them  over.  He  lacked  the  first  essential 
and  index  of  the  conciliatory  speaker,  lenitas 
vocis;  his  voice  was  harsh  and  unmusical,  his 
gesture  ungainly.  The  high  qualities,  artistic  and 
intellectual,  of  his  speeches  are  better  appreciated 
by  readers  and  students  than  by  '  even  the  most 
illustrious  of  those  who  watched  that  tall  gaunt 
figure  with  its  whirling  arms,  and  listened  to  the 
Niagara  of  words  bursting  and  shrieking  from 
those  impetuous  lips.' " 

And  once  more : 

"  Burke's  unique  power  as  an  orator  lies  in  the 
peculiar  interpenetration  of  thought  and  passion. 
Like  the  poet  and  the  prophet,  he  thinks  most  pro- 
foundly when  he  thinks  most  passionately.  When 
he  is  not  deeply  moved,  his  oratory  verges  toward 
the  turgid;  when  he  indulges  feeling  for  its  own 
sake,  as  in  parts  of  Letters  on  a  Regicide  Peace, 
it  becomes  hysterical.  But,  in  his  greatest  speeches 
and  pamphlets,  the  passion  of  Burke's  mind  shows 
itself  in  the  luminous  thoughts  which  it  emits,  in 
the  imagery  which  at  once  moves  and  teaches, 
throwing  a  flood  of  light  not  only  on  the  point  in 
question,  but  on  the  whole  neighboring  sphere  of 
man's  moral  and  political  nature." 

This  is  not  the  only  striking  chapter  in  the 
volume.  Professor  Legouis  of  the  Sorbonne, 
whose  career  began  with  a  study  of  the 
French  officer  Beaupuy  mentioned  in  "The 
Prelude/'  and  whose  reputation  was  assured 
through  a  notable  interpretation  of  that  poem, 
now  utters,  as  it  were,  his  final  judgment  upon 
Wordsworth.  In  the  interval,  the  skill  of  the 
critic  has  not  diminished,  but  probably  in- 
creased ;  his  sentences  are  packed  with  thought 
and  solid  information ;  and  his  conception  of 
Wordsworth  as  carrying  on  the  tradition  of 
Rousseau,  with  modifications  from  the  philoso- 
phy of  Burke,  is  subtly  elaborated,  and  pre- 
sented with  the  grace  and  charm  which  we  have 
come  to  expect  from  the  school  of  Alexandre 
Beljame.  And  yet  one  reads  this  chapter  with  a 
sense  of  disillusionment.  It  is  as  if  the  author 
had  lost  something  of  his  initial  interest  in  the 
poet.  His  former  knowledge,  which  chiefly 
bore  upon  the  early  life  of  Wordsworth,  and 
upon  the  proximate  origins  of  Wordsworthian 
ideas,  is  duly  resuscitated ;  but  it  would  seem 
that  for  the  poet's  subsequent  activity  M. 
Legouis  to  some  extent  has  been  swayed  by 
secondary  sources  of  opinion,  so  that  the  views 
expressed,  while  far  from  being  stereotyped, 
and  reflecting  conventional  criticism  only  in  a 
general  way,  can  hardly  be  said  to  possess  the 


freshness  and  independence  of  his  work  on 
''The  Prelude."  If  his  estimate  is  conven- 
tional, this  appears  in  his  treatment  of  "The 
Excursion,"  and,  still  more,  of  the  "Ecclesi- 
astical Sonnets."  Indeed,  it  is  unsafe  to  ap- 
praise ' '  The  Excursion  "  as  a  narrative  poem, 
or,  as  many  others  do,  to  disparage  it  as  not 
entirely  composed  in  a  lyrical  or  impassioned 
style;  the  style  was  not  so  intended,  nor  yet 
was  it  meant  to  be  that  of  an  epic.  "The 
Excursion"  is  a  dialogue,  and  must  be  judged 
according  to  the  laws  governing  this  form  of 
art;  one  does  well  to  read  Plato  (who  is  not 
always  impassioned)  before  taking  up  a  mod- 
ern Platonist  or  Neoplatonist ;  and  it  may  be 
said  that  the  poem  of  Wordsworth  endures 
comparison  with  other  English  dialogues.  As 
for  the  "Ecclesiastical  Sonnets,"  so  few  per- 
sons look  at  them,  not  to  speak  of  studying 
them  with  care,  that  in  the  popular  opinion 
they  would  seem  to  be  negligible.  M.  Legouis 
says  they  are  ' '  the  Anglican  counterpart,  on  a 
much  narrower  basis,  of  Chateaubriand's 
Genie  du  Christianisme."  They  are,  how- 
ever, founded  upon  good  authorities,  such  as 
Bede  and  Sharon  Turner,  and  reveal  a  schol- 
arly method  to  which  Chateaubriand  was  a 
stranger.  Montalembert,  saturated  with  the 
spirit  of  the  Middle  Ages,  praised  some  of  them 
at  least  very  highly.  If  we  view  them  in  the 
lineage,  not  of  Chateaubriand,  but  of  Her- 
bert and  Keble, —  if  we  find  their  place  in  the 
main  course,  not  of  Continental  literature,  but 
of  religious  poetry  in  England,  we  are  more 
likely  to  appreciate  their  true  significance. 
One  hesitates  to  enter  the  lists  against  an 
interpreter  so  expert  and  so  well-prepared; 
but  M.  Legouis,  as  it  seems  to  the  present 
writer,  has  considered  the  poetry  of  Words- 
worth too  exclusively  in  the  light  of  imme- 
diate circumstances,  and  of  Revolutionary 
influences  and  French  ideals,  and  too  little  sw6 
specie  eternitatis. 

The  remarks  of  Mr.  Vaughan  on  Coleridge 
suffer  in  comparison.  For  one  thing,  his  chap- 
ter is  marred  by  censurable  carelessness  in 
matters  of  detail.  For  example,  he  says  that 
the  beginnings  of  the  opium  habit ' '  go  back  as 
far  as  1797";  Coleridge  certainly  began  to 
take  laudanum  before  that.  He  speaks  of  an 
impalpable  quality  illustrated  by  the  line 
"  Enclosing  sunny  spots  of  greenery," 

where  Coleridge  wrote  Enfolding.  He  speaks 
of  "the  ghastly  colors  which  'patched  the 
bones'  of  Death  in  a  verse  which  the  subtle 
instinct  of  Coleridge  led  him  subsequently  to 
strike  out."  "Patched  the  bones"  is  a  bad 
misquotation;  and  the  criticism  of  friends, 
and  of  the  reviewers,  had  much  to  do  with  the 
excision  by  Coleridge  of  grotesque  and  repul- 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


207 


sive  images  from  "The  Rime  of  the  Ancient 
Mariner."  Again,  there  is  slipshod  work  in 
the  statement  that  Southey  "pronounced  the 
poem  to  be  'an  attempt  at  the  Dutch  sub- 
lime.' "  What  Southey  wrote  was,  "a  Dutch 
attempt  at  German  sublimity."  Pie  probably 
did  not  think  ill  of  the  thing  attempted,  since 
the  supernatural  was  his  own  field,  and  he 
could  himself  learn  from  Burger ;  he  thought 
the  attempt  awkward.  But  the  obvious  errors 
are  not  the  only  ones  in  the  chapter.  Taking 
issue  with  the  utterance  of  Coleridge  himself, 
" '  I  cannot  write  without  a  body  of  thought, ' ' 
Mr.  Vaughan  says  of ' '  Kubla  Khan  " :  ' '  While 
thought  alone,  however  inspiring,  is  powerless 
to  make  poetry,  pure  imagery  and  pure  music, 
even  without  thought  (if  such  a  thing  be  pos- 
sible), suffice,  when  working  in  absolute  har- 
mony, to  constitute  what  pedantry  alone  could 
deny  to  be  a  great  poem. "  If  it  be  pedantry  to 
desire  depth  of  thought  in  poetry  and  music, 
as  well  as  in  criticism,  the  present  writer  can- 
not evade  the  impeachment ;  holding,  in  fact, 
the  opinion  of  Coleridge  as  elsewhere  ex- 
pressed :  ' '  Poetry  is  certainly  something  more 
than  good  sense ;  but  it  must  be  good  sense,  at 
all  events;  just  as  a  palace  is  more  than  a 
house,  but  it  must  be  a  house,  at  least."  As 
for  the  sense  of  the  criticism,  if  thought  be- 
comes inspiring,  will  it  not  produce  something 
artistic?  But  can  thought  exist  without 
imagery  —  that  is,  without  organic  sensation  ? 
Psychologists,  we  believe,  say  it  cannot.  And 
what  does  our  author  mean  by  the  words,  "if 
such  a  thing  be  possible"?  If  imagery  and 
music  without  thought  are  not  possible,  so 
much  the  better  for  the  human  mind  and  for 
human  art ;  in  that  case,  there  can  be  no  such 
thing  as  "pure"  imagery,  and  no  poetry  that 
is  "pure"  sound  and  fury,  signifying  nothing; 
though  there  can  be  intentional  and  uninten- 
tional nonsense  in  both  poetry  and  prose.  ' '  If 
such  a  thing  be  possible"  implies  that  the  con- 
text in  which  it  is  found  may  be  nonsense; 
and  that  is.  what  we  strongly  suspect  it  is. 
Instead  of  assuming  that  "  'the  body  of 
thought'  does  not  obtrude  itself  for  the  simple 
reason  that  there  is  no  thought  to  obtrude," 
how  much  better  would  be  the  plan  of  trying 
to  find  out  what  the  content  of  ' '  Kubla  Khan ' ' 
really  is!  As  the  present  writer  pointed  out 
some  years  ago,  the  poem,  when  attentively 
examined,  takes  its  place  among  the  many  de- 
scriptions of  the  terrestrial  paradise.  There 
is  a  description  of  the  Tartar  paradise  at  the 
beginning,  an  allusion  to  the  Abyssinian  para- 
dise in  the  middle,  and  an  apparent  reference 
to  the  false  paradise  of  the  Persian  necro- 
mancer Aladdin  at  the  end;  and  there  are 
various  reminiscences  from  the  fourth  book 


of  "Paradise  Lost"  and  from  Bartram's 
"Travels"  (in  Florida,  Georgia,  etc.)  inter- 
mingled; the  whole  being  drawn  together  by 
no  inner  bond  of  necessary  sequence,  but  by 
casual  association.  The  poem  is  not  a  great 
one;  its  unquestionable  merits  do  not  suffi- 
ciently outweigh  the  latent  defects  for  that. 
It  would  be  greater  if,  as  in  the  fourth  book 
of  "Paradise  Lost,"  or  in  the  twenty-eighth 
canto  of  Dante's  "Purgatorio,"  the  sensuous 
element,  the  flesh,  had  a  distinct  form,  so  as  to 
give  unmistakable  significance  to  the  whole. 
And  beautiful  and  melodious  as  the  parts  may 
be,  where  the  heart  should  be  there  is  some- 
thing repulsive:  Coleridge  suggests  that  the 
place  is  "holy"  as  being  the  scene  of  demoniac 
love  — 

"A  savage  place!  as  holy  and  enchanted 
As  e'er  beneath  a  waning  moon  was  haunted 
By  woman  wailing  for  her  demon-lover!" 

That  reminds  one  of  the  essential  indelicacy  of 
"  Christabel, "  and  of  other  passages  in  which 
the  poet  has  utilized  repulsive  ideas,  from 
works  on  demonology,  which  may  not  be  clear 
to  the  uninstructed  reader,  but  which  must  be 
reckoned  with  in  studying  the  genius  of  Cole- 
ridge. We  must  discover  where  the  poet  is 
laudable,  and  where  he  is  open  to  censure. 
Mr.  Vaughan  praises  without  discrimination. 
Thus  he  says  of  "The  Rime  of  the  Ancient 
Mariner"  that  "the  story  shapes  itself  in  a 
succession  of  images  unsurpassed  for  poetic 
power  and  aptness":  whereas  Hawthorne 
called  attention  to  the  absurdity  of  a  seaman 
going  about  his  nautical  tasks  when  there  was 
hanging  upon  his  neck  a  bird  with  wings  meas- 
uring thirteen  feet  across.  This  is  not  to 
minimize  the  loveliness  of  Coleridge  at  his 
best ;  the  aim  is  to  show  the  want  of  precision 
in  an  unwary  critic  —  in  one  who  does  not 
verify  his  references,  and  who  has  the  corre- 
sponding habit  of  careless  generalization.  As 
Mr.  Vaughan  has  previously  worked  in  the 
field  of  literary  criticism,  it  may  be  well  to 
touch  upon  one  matter  there.  In  the  passage 
commonly  referred  to  ("Ars  Poetica"  333-4). 
Horace  does  not  say  that  "the  object  of  poetry 
is  to  instruct"  (p.  148).  He  describes  what 
poets  actually  wish  to  do,  dividing  them  into 
three  classes : 

"Aut  prodesse  volunt  aut  delectare  poetee 
Aut  simul  et  iucunda  et  idonea  dicere  vitee." 

They  wish  either  to  profit,  or  to  delight,  or  to 
do  both  in  one.  It  is  not  a  question  of  what 
they  ought  to  do,  but  of  characteristic  desires ; 
and  it  is  true  to  the  facts. 

Of  the  chapters  hitherto  unmentioned,  that 
of  Mr.  Wallis  on  Blake  deserves  high  com- 
mendation. There  is  nothing  better  on  the 
subject.  Chapter  XIV.,  on  "Book  Produc- 


208 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


tion  and  Distribution,  1625-1800,"  by  Mr. 
H.  G.  Aldis,  gives  a  very  interesting  picture  of 
the  relations  between  author  and  publisher  in 
the  seventeenth  century,  of  the  activities  of 
Tonson,  Lintot,  Dodsley,  and  Miller  in  the 
eighteenth,  and  of  the  circumstances  which 
gave  rise  to  such  collections  of  the  English 
poets  as  those  of  Bell  and  Johnson.  Mrs. 
Aldis  also  does  well  with  "The  Bluestock- 
ings," and  Mr.  Darton  with  "Children's 
Books,"  beginning  with  the  earliest  specimens. 
The  bibliography  appended  to  this  final  chap- 
ter fills  about  seventeen  pages,  and  is  an 
achievement  in  itself;  it  should  attract  the 
notice  of  parents  and  teachers,  who  will  not 
elsewhere  find  so  excellent  a  guide.  The 
author  of  the  chapter  is  evidently  responsible 
for  the  list. 

For  several  other  lists  the  case  is  different, 
and  the  results  are  not  always  happy.  In  the 
Bibliography  of  Wordsworth,  Knight's  Ev- 
ersley  Edition  (1896)  should  not  have  been 
made  a  mere  adjunct  to  his  earlier  and  infe- 
rior Edinburgh  Edition ;  Mr.  No  well  C.  Smith 
should  not  be  disguised  as  "Smith,  C.  N."; 
negligible  anthologies  like  that  of  A.  J.  George 
should  have  been  omitted ;  and  under  ' '  Biog- 
raphy and  Criticism,"  there  should  be  more 
entries  from  American  scholarly  periodicals. 
On  p.  455  the  page-heading  properly  changes 
to  "Coleridge" ;  but  on  pp.  457,  459,  reappears 
"William  Wordsworth"' — a  confusing  over- 
sight. The  list  of  books  on  Coleridge  mentions 
the  recent  bibliography  of  T.  J.  Wise,  but  not 
that  of  J.  L.  Haney  (Philadelphia,  1903), 
which,  with  its  entries  of  books  and  articles  on 
the  poet,  is  indispensable  to  students.  Under 
"Biography  and  Criticism,"  Lucas's  "Life  of 
Charles  Lamb"  ought  by  all  means  to  have 
been  included ;  it  would  be  easy  to  add  a  dozen 
other  important  titles. 

In  the  work  as  a  whole  there  is  a  certain 
awkwardness  of  arrangement.  Why  should 
Blake  (1757-1827)  precede  Burns  (1759- 
1796),  and  both  follow  Wordsworth  (1770- 
1850)  and  Coleridge  (1772-1834)  ? 

But  we  must  not  quarrel  with  the  volume. 
The  chapters  on  Burke,  Wordsworth,  and 
Blake,  which  are  not  the  only  significant  ones, 
would  be  enough  to  redeem  it  from  defects  far 
more  serious  than  any  we  have  noted. 

LANE  COOPER. 


Mr.  Stanley  Leathes,  one  of  the  editors  of  "  The 
Cambridge  Modern  History,"  has  written  a  "  His- 
tory of  the  United  Kingdom "  on  a  large  scale. 
The  first  volume,  which  will  be  issued  this  spring, 
is  called  "  The  Making  of  the  People,"  and  covers 
the  period  down  to  the  time  of  the  general  applica- 
tion of  machinery  to  industry. 


EYE-WITNESSES  AT  THE  SHAMBLES.* 


Mr.  Irvin  S.  Cobb's  "Paths  of  Glory" 
easily  deserves  first  place  among  recent  books 
about  the  war.  Mr.  Cobb  has  an  unusual 
talent  for  description,  and  his  pages  disclose 
a  character  typically  American.  He  saw  the 
war  largely  through  German  eyes  and  under 
German  auspices,  and  he  retained  throughout 
something  closely  approximating  a  judicial 
poise;  certainly  there  is  always  the  manifest 
intention  to  be  just  and  an  almost  meticulous 
adherence  to  fact.  Nevertheless,  the  very  per- 
fection of  the  machine,  the  subordination  of 
the  individual  to  the  orders  of  an  admitted 
superior,  leave  a  sense  of  outraged  American- 
ism behind,  as  in  such  an  innocent  instance  as 
this: 

"  The  turf  was  scarred  with  hoof  prints  and 
strewed  with  hay;  and  there  was  a  row  of  small 
trenches  in  which  the  Germans  had  built  their  fires 
to  do  their  cooking.  The  sod,  which  had  been 
removed  to  make  these  trenches,  was  piled  in  neat 
little  terraces,  ready  to  be  put  back;  and  care 
plainly  had  been  taken  by  the  troopers  to  avoid 
damaging  the  bark  on  the  trunks  of  the  ash  and  elm 
trees. 

"  There  it  was  —  the  German  system  of  warfare ! 
These  Germans  might  carry  on  their  war  after  the 
most  scientifically  deadly  plan  the  world  has  ever 
known;  they  might  deal  out  their  peculiarly  fatal 
brand  of  drumhead  justice  to  all  civilians  who 
crossed  their  paths  bearing  arms ;  they  might  burn 
and  waste  for  punishment;  they  might  lay  on  a 
captured  city  and  a  whipped  province  a  tribute  of 
foodstuffs  and  an  indemnity  of  money  heavier  than 
any  civilized  race  has  ever  demanded  of  the  cowed 
and  conquered — might  do  all  these  things  and  more 
besides  —  but  their  common  troopers  saved  the 
sods  of  the  greensward  for  replanting  and  spared 
the  boles  of  the  young  shade  trees ! " 

None  of  the  reproduced  photographs  which 
accompanied  the  serial  publication  of  Mr. 
Cobb's  narrative  have  been  used  in  his  book, 
but  there  is  no  need  for  them,  so  pictorial  are 
his  words  and  so  interpretative  his  attitude 
toward  what  he  saw.  Above  all,  perhaps,  is 
the  sincere  American  attitude  he  preserves 
from  cover  to  cover  of  his  interesting  volume. 
He  detested  the  thought  of  war  before  ever 
he  saw  it  or  its  consequences;  and  when  he 
was  brought  face  to  face  with  these  he  abomi- 
nated it  and  the  spirit  which  calls  men  to 


*  PATHS  OF  GLORY.  Impressions  of  War  Written  at  or 
near  the  Front.  By  Irvin  S.  Cobb.  New  York:  George  H. 
Doran  Co. 

WITH  THE  ALLIES.  By  Richard  Harding  Davis.  Illus- 
trated. New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

.FIGHTING  IN  FLANDERS.  By  E.  Alexander  Powell,  F.R.G.S. 
Illustrated.  New  York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

PARIS  WAR  DAYS.  Diary  of  an  American.  By  Charles 
Inman  Barnard,  LL.B.  Illustrated.  Boston :  Little,  Brown 
&  Co. 

TOMMY  ATKINS  AT  WAR  AS  TOLD  IN  His  OWN  LETTERS.  By 
James  A.  Kilpatrick.  New  York :  McBride,  Nast  &  Co. 

Six  WEEKS  AT  THE  WAR.  By  Millicent  Duchess  of  Suther- 
land. Chicago:  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


209 


slaughter.  His  hatred  for  the  wickedness  of 
what  he  saw  and  sympathy  with  those  who 
suffer  from  this  wickedness  has  produced  a 
work  of  literature, —  a  profoundly  sad  criti- 
cism of  life. 

Mr.  Richard  Harding  Davis,  like  most  of 
his  countrymen,  probably  admired  Germany 
but  did  not  like  it  before  he  met  it  in  war; 
since  that  time  he  has  had  reason  for  a  more 
active  sentiment  of  dislike,  which  he  sets  forth 
in  his  "With  the  Allies,"  recounting  his  expe- 
riences in  Belgium  from  shortly  after  the 
German  invasion  of  that  peaceful  country  un- 
til the  fall  of  Antwerp.  He  fell  into  the  hands 
of  German  officers  and  for  more  than  a  day 
was  under  condemnation  to  die  as  a  spy,  in 
spite  of  his  possession  of  a  passport  signed  by 
the  American  minister,  Mr.  Brand  Whitlock. 
His  long  experience  as  a  war  correspondent, 
almost  always  with  regular  soldiers,  had  not 
prepossessed  him  with  conscript  armies  to 
begin  with,  and  certain  unpleasant  Prussian 
habits,  such  as  threatening  civilians  with  a 
drawn  revolver,  did  not  change  his  opinions. 
His  judgment  of  the  German  army  is  worth 
quoting,  as  follows : 

"  It  is,  perhaps,  the  most  efficient  organization  of 
modem  times;  and  its  purpose  only  is  death. 
Those  who  cast  it  loose  upon  Europe  are  military- 
mad.  And  they  are  only  a  very  small  part  of  the 
German  people.  But  to  preserve  their  class  they 
have  in  their  own  image  created  this  terrible  engine 
of  destruction.  For  the  present  it  is  their  servant. 
But,  '  though  the  mills  of  God  grind  slowly,  yet 
they  grind  exceeding  small.'  And,  like  Franken- 
stein's monster,  this  monster,  to  which  they  gave 
life,  may  turn  and  rend  them." 

At  the  close  of  his  book  Mr.  Davis  has  an  inter- 
esting discussion  about  the  war  correspondent 
and  the  attitude  of  the  European  war  offices 
toward  him.  It  goes  to  bear  out  the  general 
impression  in  the  United  States  that  war  is  so 
essentially  stupid  that  its  votaries  become  in- 
capacitated from  seeing  the  rest  of  life  in  true 
proportion. 

The  contents  of  Mr.  E.  Alexander  Powell's 
book,  "Fighting  in  Flanders,"  have  all  ap- 
peared in  a  number  of  American  daily  news- 
papers. So  rapidly  do  the  events  of  the  war 
march,  in  spite  of  the  stalemate  at  present, 
that  the  volume  fails  of  interest  through  no 
fault  of  its  own;  certainly  the  events  it  de- 
scribes are  of  the  first  consequence.  The  most 
famous  passage  in  it  is  that  relating  the  inter- 
view between  Mr.  Powell  and  General  von 
Boehn,  commanding  one  of  the  armies  of 
invasion,  in  which  the  American  cited  to  him 
specific  instances  of  atrocious  conduct  on  the 
part  of  his  soldiers.  The  German  replied : 

"  Such  things  are  horrible  if  true.  Of  course, 
our  soldiers,  like  soldiers  in  all  armies,  sometimes 


get  out  of  hand  and  do  tilings  which  we  would  never 
tolerate  if  we  knew  it.  At  Louvain,  for  example,  I 
sentenced  two  soldiers  to  twelve  years'  penal  servi- 
tude each  for  assaulting  a  woman." 
It  is  in  this  book  that  the  adventures  of  Mr. 
Donald  Thompson,  the  photographer  from 
Kansas,  are  related,  and  they  make  an  inter- 
esting chapter  in  the  study  of  American  na- 
tional character.  Mr.  Powell's  observations 
are  as  follows : 

"  In  all  the  annals  of  modern  war  I  do  not 
believe  there  is  a  parallel  to  this  little  Kansas  pho- 
tographer halting,  with,  peremptory  hand,  an  ad- 
vancing army  and  photographing  it,  regiment  by 
regiment,  and  then  having  a  field-gun  of  the  Impe- 
rial Guard  go  into  action  solely  to  gratify  his 
curiosity." 

Mr.  Thompson 's  photographs  are  used  to  illus- 
trate the  book,  and  bear  out  the  conclusions  of 
the  text,  which  will  probably  be  accepted  as 
true  by  everybody  in  the  world  except  the 
Germans. 

The  "Paris  War  Days"  of  Mr.  Charles 
Inman  Barnard  can  scarcely  be  said  to  be  a 
book  at  all,  its  contents  comprising  nothing 
more  than  the  notes  of  a  newspaper  correspon- 
dent long  resident  in  Paris,  with  occasional 
conclusions  arrived  at  from  his  knowledge 
of  the  life  there.  But  the  author  is  none 
the  less  right  in  holding  that  even  this  slender 
information  will  be  welcomed  by  the  Ameri- 
can public  as  adding  to  the  general  fund  of 
knowledge  which  has  made  our  people,  except 
such  of  them  as  refuse  to  read  the  American 
and  English  books  and  papers,  by  far  the  best 
informed  in  the  world.  Among  the  various 
episodes  which  the  German  government  has 
not  yet  succeeded  in  explaining  away  is  the 
reason  given  for  declaring  war,  thus: 

"August  3  ...  Germany  officially  declared  war 
upon  France  at  five  forty-five  this  evening.  The 
notification  was  made  by  Baron  von  Schoen,  the 
German  Ambassador  to  France,  when  he  called  at 
the  Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs  to  ask  for  his  pass- 
ports. Baron  von  Schoen  declared  that  his  Govern- 
ment had  instructed  him  to  inform  the  Government 
of  the  Republic  that  French  aviators  had  flown 
over  Belgium  and  that  other  French  aviators  had 
flown  over  Germany  and  dropped  bombs  as  far  as 
Nuremburg.  He  added  that  this  constituted  an  act 
of  aggression  and  violation  of  German  territory. 
M.  Viviani  listened  in  silence  to  Baron  von  Schoen's 
statement,  and  when  the  German  Ambassador  had 
finished,  replied  that  it  was  absolutely  false  that 
French  aviators  had  flown  over  Belgium  and  Ger- 
many and  had  dropped  bombs." 
As  a  result  of  a  conversation  with  M.  Jules 
Cambon  on  his  return  to  Paris  from  the 
Embassy  to  Germany,  eked  out  by  interviews 
with  those  accompanying  him,  Mr.  Barnard 
says: 

"  M.  Cambon  drew  an  important  distinction  be- 
tween German  diplomacy  and  the  German  military 


210 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


clique.  The  former  were  willing  only  to  go  so  far 
as  risking  a  war,  while  the  latter  seized  the  oppor- 
tunity to  bring  on  the  war  and  attack  France.  The 
discussion  lasted  two  or  three  days,  and  the  mili- 
tary caste,  receiving  the  strong  personal  encourage- 
ment and  support  of  Emperor  William,  became 
omnipotent,  and  from  that  moment  war  was  in- 
evitable. In  regard  to  France,  Germany  constantly 
repeated  the  formula :  '  Put  strong  pressure  upon 
Russia,  your  ally,  to  prevent  her  from  helping  the 
Servians ! '  To  this  France  replied :  '  Very  good, 
but  you  yourself  should  put  strong  pressure  upon 
Austria,  your  ally,  to  prevent  her  from  provoking 
a  catastrophe!  "  To  this  Germany  rejoined :  'Ah ! 
But  that  is  not  the  same  thing ! '  Thus  it  was  in 
that  cercle  vicieux  that  the  diplomatic  conversation 
continued,  which,  under  the  circumstances,  and 
especially  owing  to  the  attitude  of  Emperor  Wil- 
liam, could  end  in  nothing  else  but  war." 

The  book  is  dedicated  to  Mr.  Ogden  Mills  Reid 
in  memory  of  his  father,  the  late  Whitelaw 
Reid,  under  whose  editorship  the  author  be- 
gan his  career  as  a  foreign  correspondent.  It 
bears  just  tribute  to  the  value  of  the  services 
of  our  ambassador,  Mr.  Myron  Herrick. 

It  was  a  good  idea  of  Mr.  James  A.  Kilpat- 
rick's  to  embody  into  permanent  form  the 
numerous  narratives  of  interest  that  were  pub- 
lished from  time  to  time  in  the  British  and 
Irish  newspapers  and  give  it  the  self-explana- 
tory title  of  ' '  Tommy  Atkins  at  War  as  Told 
in  His  Own  Letters. ' '  By  dividing  the  letters 
into  chapters,  ' '  Off  to  the  Front, "  ' '  Humor  in 
the  Trenches,"  "The  Intrepid  Irish,"  "The 
War  in  the  Air,"  and  so  on,  to  the  number  of 
thirteen,  a  consecutive  series  of  pictures  is 
presented,  which  constitute  the  most  vivid 
impressions  imaginable.  One  sups  so  full  of 
horrors  day  by  day  since  the  beginning  of  this 
most  awful  of  all  wars  that  strong  meat  in- 
deed is  required  to  jolt  the  jaded  appetite,  but 
this  book  will  do  it.  One  therefore  reads  with 
entire  accord  the  compiler's  statement  that 
"In  spite  of  the  hatreds  this  war  has  engen- 
dered there  is  still  room  for  passages  of  fine 
sympathy  and  chivalry. ' '  He  goes  on  to  say : 

"  One  young  French  lieutenant  distinguished 
himself  by  carrying  a  wounded  Uhlan  to  a  place  of 
safety  under  heavy  German  fire,  English  soldiers 
have  shown  equal  generosity  and  kindness  to  in- 
jured captives,  and  the  tributes  to  heroic  and 
patient  nurses  shine  forth  in  letters  of  gold  upon 
the  dark  pages  of  this  tragic  history." 

Even  more  welcome,  perhaps,  because  it  finds 
a  partial  excuse  for  an  oft-repeated  tale  of 
violations  of  the  laws  of  war  by  the  enemy  is 
contained  in  the  following  paragraph : 

"  Stories  of  German  treachery  are  abundant,  and 
official  reports  have  dealt  with  such  shameful  prac- 
tices as  driving  prisoners  and  refugees  in  front  of 
them  when  attacking,  abusing  the  protection  of  the 
White  Flag,  and  wearing  Red  Cross  brassards  in 


action.  The  men  have  their  own  stories  to  tell.  An 
Irish  Guardsman  records  a  white  flag  incident  dur- 
ing the  fighting  on  the  Aisne :  '  Coldstreamers, 
Connaughts,  Grenadiers,  and  Irish  Guards  were  all 
in  this  affair,  and  the  fight  was  going  on  well.  Sud- 
denly the  Germans  in  front  of  us  raised  the  White 
Flag,  and  we  ceased  firing  and  went  up  to  take  our 
prisoners.  The  moment  we  got  into  the  open,  fierce 
fire  from  concealed  artillery  was  turned  on  us,  and 
the  surrendered  Germans  picked  up  their  rifles  and 
pelted  us  with  their  fire.  It  was  horrible.  They 
trapped  us  completely,  and  very  few  escaped.' 
The  German  defense  of  these  white  flag  incidents 
was  given  to  Trooper  G.  Douglas  by  a  prisoner  who 
declared  that  the  men  were  quite  innocent  of  inten- 
tion to  deceive,  but  that  whenever  their  officers  saw 
the  White  Flag  they  hauled  it  down,  and  compelled 
them  to  fight." 

In  some  senses  the  most  interesting  of  all 
these  books  is  the  one  that  deals  least  with 
actual  fighting,  relating  the  adventures  of 
Millicent  Duchess  of  Sutherland  during  "Six 
Weeks  at  the  War."  The  Duchess  left  En- 
gland on  August  8  to  join  a  branch  of  the 
French  Red  Cross,  and,  after  seeing  what 
could  be  done  that  would  be  useful,  sent  back 
to  her  home  and  procured  a  surgeon  and 
eight  trained  nurses  and  the  funds  needed  for 
the  "Millicent  Sutherland  Ambulance,"  to  be 
stationed  at  Namur  and  eventually  to  find 
their  duties  at  the  convent  of  the  Sisters  of 
Notre-Dame  there.  The  German  occupation 
forced  the  English  party  to  return  about  the 
seventh  of  September,  and  they  did  their  best 
to  get  into  France,  there  to  continue  their 
work  of  mercy.  But  it  was  found  impossible, 
and  they  returned  to  Brussels  and  through 
the  efforts  of  the  American  Legation  soon 
reached  Holland,  taking  ship  for  England  on 
September  18.  So  remote  from  any  custom- 
ary experience  were  the  adventures  of  the 
Duchess  and  so  far  removed  from  the  sanity 
and  common  sense  of  every-day  living  was  the 
treatment  accorded  her  by  those  she  met  that 
the  rational  mind  finds  almost  as  much  sheer 
nonsense  in  her  calm  and  entertaining  recital 
of  events  as  in  "Alice  in  Wonderland."  The 
English  mind  and  the  German  never  seemed 
quite  to  meet,  and  as  the  results  never  went 
further  than  to  cause  inconveniences  sensibly 
borne,  there  is  an  element  of  true  humor  in  the 
narrative.  When,  for  example,  the  Duchess 
reached  Brussels  on  her  way  home,  she  found 
herself  a  prisoner  in  her  hotel  with  guards 
stationed  at  her  door.  She  sent  a  note  to  the 
American  Minister,  Mr.  Brand  Whitloek.  and 
what  follows  is  best  told  by  herself : 

"  He  most  kindly  came,  but  at  my  door  the  sen- 
tries refused  to  let  him  in.  He  told  me  afterward 
that  he  went  to  the  Kommandantur  and  '  raised 
! '  The  result  was  very  successful.  An  offi- 
cer came  round  with  him,  cursed  the  sentries  —  as 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


211 


if  it  was  their  fault  —  and  they  were  removed. 
The  American  Minister,  Mr.  Brand  Whitlock,  is  a 
very  agreeable  man.  He  had  been  appointed  by 
President  Wilson  as  Minister  to  Brussels  for  a  rest 
cure!  .  .  .  Unfortunately  for  him  destiny  has 
checkmated  his  rest  cure,  but  I  am  quite  sure  that 
this  man  of  peace  was  in  a  great  many  ways  check- 
mating the  Germans." 

It  is  to  be  said  that,  though  the  Duchess  is  in 
no  sense  of  the  word  a  professional  writer, 
she  has  so  fully  developed  the  faculty  often 
found  in  women  of  the  world  of  saying  what 
she  thinks  and  conveying  in  words  how  she 
feels  that  many  a  trained  writer  would  give  an 
eye  for  it.  WALLACE  RICE. 


RECENT  FICTION.* 

A  surprisingly  good  novel  by  Mr.  Ernest 
Poole  (a  new  writer,  as  far  as  we  are  in- 
formed) ,  is  entitled  ' '  The  Harbor. ' '  It  offers 
an  epitome  of  American  life  at  the  present 
time,  taking  the  harbor  of  New  York  as  a 
symbol.  Dante's  famous  description  of  the 
Sacred  Poem  might  be  taken  as  Mr.  Poole 's 
text.  ''The  meaning  of  this  work  is  not  sim- 
ple, but  rather  can  be  said  to  be  of  many  sig- 
nifications, that  is,  of  several  meanings;  for 
there  is  one  meaning  that  is  derived  from  the 
letter,  and  another  that  is  derived  from  the 
things  indicated  by  the  letter.  The  first  is 
called  literal,  but  the  second  allegorical  or 
mystical. ' '  The  author  himself  puts  the  mat- 
ter more  bluntly  when  he  makes  his  hero  say, 
near  the  end  of  the  book :  "I  have  seen  three 
harbors:  my  father's  harbor  which  is  now 
dead,  Dillon's  harbor  of  big  companies  which 
is  very  much  alive,  and  Joe  Kramer's  harbor 
which  is  struggling  to  be  born.  It's  an  inter- 
esting age  to  live  in.  I  should  like  to  write  the 
truth  as  I  see  it  about  each  kind  of  harbor." 
Of  the  first  two  harbors  we  should  say  that 
Mr.  Poole  had  written  the  truth ;  of  the  third, 
we  are  far  from  certain.  The  transition  which 
has  taken  place,  within  a  generation,  from  the 
age  of  competitive  individual  enterprise  to  the 
age  of  organized  efficiency,  is  clearly  set  before 
us.  The  teller  of  the  story,  which  is  auto- 
biographical in  form,  is  the  son  of  an  old  ship- 
master and  dock-owner,  whose  prime  has  seen 
the  great  age  of  American  shipping,  and  who, 
in  his  declining  years,  has  watched  its  disap- 
pearance from  the  seas,  and  felt  what  seem  to 
be  the  foundations  of  life  crumble  beneath  his 
feet.  As  the  boy  grows  up.  he  comes  under  the 

*  THE  HARBOR.  By  Ernest  Poole.  New  York :  The  Mac- 
millan  Co. 

THE  SWORD  OF  YOUTH.  By  James  Lane  Allen.  New  York : 
The  Century  Co. 

THE  MAN  OF  IRON.  By  "Richard  Dehan."  New  York: 
Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co. 


spell  of  Dillon,  an  engineer  whose  daughter  he 
marries,  and  who  has  a  splendid  vision  of  the 
city  beautiful,  based  upon  a  glorified  harbor 
and  the  most  enlightened  organization  of  its 
ancillary  industries.  To  the  boy,  the  harbor 
has  seemed  repellantly  ugly,  but  to  the  young 
man,  learning  to  know  it  intimately,  and 
studying  its  various  aspects  under  the  enthusi- 
astic guidance  of  his  chief  (and  father-in-law) 
it  grows  to  be  a  thing  of  awful  beauty  with 
amazing  possibilities  for  the  redemption  of 
social  life.  But  working  all  the  time  counter 
to  Dillon's  influence  is  the  influence  of  Joe 
Kramer,  a  college  friend,  a  modern  of  the 
moderns,  who  scorns  their  college  teaching  as 
"news  from  the  graveyard,"  and  develops 
into  a  wild-eyed  socialist,  bent  only  upon  the 
upsetting  of  the  comfortable  order  of  society, 
and  seeing  in  the  harbor  only  a  vast  capital- 
istic engine  for  the  crushing  of  human  lives. 
There  is  nothing  constructive  about  Kramer's 
ideals,  but  only  a  fierce  conviction  that  any- 
thing would  be  better  than  the  existing  state 
of  affairs,  and  an  absolute  inability  to  partici- 
pate in  Dillon's  vision  of  social  amelioration 
through  enhanced  efficiency  and  the  applica- 
tion of  directive  intelligence  to  industrial 
affairs.  The  hero,  whose  part  in  the  drama  is 
that  of  a  professional  writer  for  newspapers 
and  magazines,  gradually  finds  doubts  creep- 
ing into  his  mind,  and  becomes  more  and  more 
swayed  by  sympathy  with  Kramer's  material- 
istic aims  and  aspirations.  To  our  mind  there 
is  no  doubt  as  to  the  ascendancy  and  ultimate 
triumph  of  Dillon 's  ideals,  because  they  mean 
the  victory  of  intellectualism  over  emotional- 
ism in  human  affairs,  and  it  is  something  of  a 
disappointment  that  the  hero  should  come  to 
waver  between  the  two  views.  When  we  take 
leave  of  him,  he  is  struggling  with  a  confused 
sense  that  there  is  something  big  and  unappre- 
hended  in  the  cause  of  which  Kramer  has  been 
the  protagonist,  and  for  which,  as  the  ring- 
leader of  a  riot  of  striking  dockers,  he  has  very 
nearly  forfeited  his  life  to  the  law.  The  char- 
acterization in  the  novel  is  fine,  although  the 
two  women  (the  hero's  wife  and  sister)  do  not 
quite  take  hold  of  our  sympathies  as  we  wish 
they  might ;  but  the  hero,  his  father,  and  the 
two  men  who  most  influence  him,  are  genuine 
creations.  In  style  and  temper,  this  book  re- 
minds us  strongly  of  the  two  novels  of  Mr. 
Albert  Edwards,  to  say  nothing  of  its  being 
concerned  with  the  same  sort  of  subject- 
matter. 

Turning  from  this  vivid  piece  of  modern 
realism  to  Mr.  James  Lane  Allen's  "The 
Sword  of  Youth,"  we  are  plunged  into  the 
very  different  atmosphere  of  sentimental  ro- 
mance, tinged  with  psychological  subtlety,  and 


212 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


delighting  in  word-painting  for  its  own  sake. 
The  story  is  of  the  slightest,  but,  considering 
the  nature  of  some  of  Mr.  Allen's  recent  per- 
formances, we  may  be  glad  that  the  book  he 
now  gives  us  has  any  story  at  all.  Here  is  an 
episode  of  the  Civil  War,  the  story  of  a  Ken- 
tucky boy  who,  on  his  seventeenth  birthday, 
determines  to  join  the  Confederate  cause  for 
which  his  father  and  four  brothers  have  al- 
ready sacrificed  their  lives.  To  do  this,  he 
must  forsake  his  sweetheart,  and  leave  his 
mother  to  struggle  alone  with  the  difficulties 
of  an  impoverished  farm.  Two  years  then 
elapse,  and  the  boy,  now  a  veteran  soldier,  is 
with  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  the  for- 
lorn last  hope  of  the  Confederacy,  on  the  eve 
of  the  fall  of  Kichmond  and  the  end  of  all 
things.  A  letter  gets  through  to  him  with  the 
information  that  his  mother  is  dying,  and  an 
appeal  to  come  to  her  before  it  is  too  late.  He 
at  once  deserts,  and  reaches  his  Kentucky 
home  only  to  find  that  it  is  too  late.  Then  he 
goes  back  to  Lee's  camp,  makes  his  confession, 
and  is  pardoned.  The  end  of  the  tale  leaves 
him  in  the  arms  of  his  betrothed.  This  is  all 
of  the  story ;  it  is  eked  out  to  novelistic  volume 
by  what  we  should  call  padding  were  it  not 
the  writing  of  so  artistic  a  stylist  and  sugges- 
tive an  intelligence  as  those  of  Mr.  Allen.  A 
minor  but  irritating  inaccuracy  is  the  spelling 
11  Clarke"  for  the  name  of  the  explorer;  a 
more  serious  lapse  is  the  implication  that 
slavery  no  longer  existed  in  Kentucky  in  the 
autumn  of  1863.  Of  course,  the  Declaration 
had  no  application  to  the  slave  states  that  re- 
mained in  the  Union,  and  it  was  not  until  the 
adoption  of  the  Thirteenth  Amendment  that 
the  Kentucky  slaves  were  legally  emancipated. 
Miss  Clothilde  Graves,  who  writes  under  the 
pen-name  of  "Richard  Dehan,"  has  added  to 
"The  Dop  Doctor"  and  "Between  Two 
Thieves,"  a  third  novel  of  similar  dimensions. 
"The  Man  of  Iron,"  with  Bismarck  for  its 
central  figure,  treats  of  the  Franco-Prussian 
War  with  the  methods  employed  by  "Between 
Two  Thieves"  for  the  Crimean  War.  The 
book  has  taken  over  two  years  to  write  (as  well 
it  might!),  according  to  the  preface,  which 
thus  magniloquently  states  this  simple  fact: 
"For  the  second  time,  since  this  book's  begin- 
ning, the  rose  of  June  had  flamed  into  splen- 
did bloom.  I  drew  breath,  for  my  task 
approached  its  ending,  and  looked  up  from  the 
yellowed  newspaper  records  of  a  great  War 
waged  forty-four  years  ago."  What  she  saw 
the  world  knows  only  too  well.  But,  beholding 

it,  she  further  says : 

"  I  see  no  cause  to  blot. a  line  that  I  have  written. 
For  the  Germany  of  1870  was  not  the  Germany 
of  1914.  The  New  Spirit  of  Teutonism  had  not 


shown  itself  in  those  dead  days  I  have  tried  to 
testify.  .  .  .  Could  the  relentless  exponent  of 
the  fierce  gospel  of  blood  and  iron  have  foreseen 
the  imminent,  approaching  disintegration  of  his 
colossal  life-work,  under  the  hands  of  his  suc- 
cessors —  could  he  have  known  what  Dead  Sea 
fruit  of  ashes  and  bitterness  his  fatal  creed, 
grafted  upon  the  oak  of  Germany,  was  fated  to 
bring  forth  —  he  would  have  drunk  ere  death  of 
the  crimson  lees  of  the  Cup  of  Judgment;  he 
would  have  seen  in  the  shape  of  his  pupil  the  gro- 
tesque, distorted  image  of  himself." 

Both  this  prophecy  and  this  psychological 
judgment  are  probably  true;  and,  although 
the  author  claims  to  have  blotted  no  line  of 
her  story  in  the  light  of  recent  happenings, 
we  may  venture  to  assert  that  the  last  words 
of  the  heroine  to  the  Iron  Chancellor  have 
been  penned  since  the  fatal  first  of  August 
of  last  year. 

"  You  are  not  a  good  man,  Monseigneur  .  .  . 
Hard,  subtle,  arrogant,  cruel,  and  unscrupulous, 
God  made  you  to  be  the  Fate  of  France.  One  day 
she  will  lift  up  her  face  from  the  mire  into  which 
you  have  trodden  it,  and  the  star  will  be  burning 
unquenched  upon  her  forehead.  We  may  both  he 
dead  before  that  day  dawns.  But  rest  assured 
that  when  your  armies  cross  the  Rhine  they  will 
not  gain  an  easy  victory!  We  shall  be  prepared 
and  ready,  Monseigneur,  when  the  Germans  come 
again !" 

These  words  come  at  the  very  close,  when  the 
heroine,  after  having  cherished  the  ambition 
to  become  a  second  Charlotte  Corday,  has 
heeded  the  scriptural  injunction  —  "Ven- 
geance is  mine;  I  will  repay"  —and  has  been 
stirred  by  compassion  to  save  Bismarck's  life 
instead  of  destroying  it,  takes  her  leave  of  the 
sinister  Man  of  Iron.  The  heroine  is  a  French 
girl,  noble  and  pure-souled,  the  daughter  of  a 
French  officer  slain  on  the  battle-field,  and  of 
a  wicked  mother,  who  has  trafficked  in  both 
personal  and  patriotic  honor,  and  who  has 
even  sought  to  drag  her  own  child  into  the 
maelstrom  of  corruption.  The  mother  has  just 
met  a  richly-merited  fate,  and  the  daughter  is 
on  the  way  to  England  with  the  young  Irish 
journalist  who  has  been  her  faithful  lover 
from  the  time  when  he  first  saw  her,  and  to 
whom  she  has  given  her  heart  in  gladness. 
This  Irishman,  P.  C.  Breagh  by  name,  is  the 
hero  of  the  story  on  its  private  and  romantic 
side,  and  plays  his  part  acceptably  to  the 
reader,  if  not  much  more  than  that.  He  is  a 
free-lance  war  correspondent,  driven  into  that 
calling  by  the  accident  of  having  been  swin- 
dled out  of  his  inheritance  by  a  rascally  trus- 
tee. To  make  smooth  his  future,  we  are  given 
to  understand  that  the  inheritance  is  eventu- 
ally to  be  recovered.  On  the  historical  side, 
the  novel  gives  us  vital  characterizations  of 
Bismarck  and  Moltke,  of  the  pathetic  Prince 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


213 


Imperial  and  of  his  tinsel  emperor-father  con- 
cerning whom  these  burning  words  are  writ- 
ten :  ' '  He  had  made  France  his  mistress  and 
his  slave,  and  now  her  fetters  were  to  be 
hacked  apart  by  the  merciless  sword  of  the 
invader.  Through  losses,  privations,  and  hu- 
miliations; through  an  ordeal  of  suffering 
unparalleled  in  the  world's  history,  through 
an  orgy  of  vice  and  an  era  of  infidelity, 
through  fresh  oceans  of  blood  shed  from  the 
veins  of  her  bravest,  she  was  to  pass  before  she 
found  herself  and  God  again."  This  concep- 
tion of  the  Terrible  Year  as  a  divine  judgment 
upon  a  beloved  but  sinning  nation  is  the  key- 
note of  the  work,  which  is  infused  throughout 
(we  need  hardly  say)  by  the  deepest  of  relig- 
ious feeling.  Its  war  pictures  are  vivid  tran- 
scripts of  reality,  its  human  figures  have  the 
stamp  of  life  upon  them,  and  its  decorative 
features  are  the  embodiment  of  minute  and 
comprehensive  knowledge.  It  is  all  over- 
wrought, and  this  lack  of  restraint  in  both 
style  and  feeling  is  its  chief  defect.  We  think 
it  somewhat  less  impressive  than  "Between 
Two  Thieves,"  but  we  would  not  willingly 
have  missed  reading  it. 

WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 


The    test    tube,    the    analytical 

Mysteries  of          balanop      thp    spalnpl      nnrl     tVip 
the  living  world.      Uct.l£tJ  ce>  cupel,      dm 

microscope  have  marvellously 
enhanced  man's  knowledge  of,  and  his  mas- 
tery over,  the  forces  of  nature,  enlarged  his 
understanding  of  his  own  structure  and  func- 
tions, and  filled  his  quiver  with  new  weapons 
against  foes  seen  and  unseen.  Nature  is  no 
longer  a  sealed  book,  and  superstitious  fear 
of  her  has  forever  been  banished  by  men.  In- 
deed, he  scans  the  creeping  caterpillar  and 
turns  it  at  will  by  his  knowledge  of  its  reac- 
tions to  stimuli,  and  straightway  proclaims 
mechanism  as  the  all-sufficient  and  complete 
explanation  of  the  mystery  of  life.  Those  who 
find  the  mechanistic  conception  of  life  satisfy- 
ing, as  well  as  those  who  question  the  adequacy 
of  its  foundations  and  conclusions,  will  find  in 
Professor  J.  Arthur  Thomson's  "The  Wonder 
of  Life"  (Holt)  much  food  for  rumination. 
It  is  a  series  of  glimpses  into  the  structures, 
functions,  activities,  habits,  and  instincts 
which  characterize  living  things,  and  distin- 
guish them  from  the  non-living  world  which 
does  not  trade  with  time  and  transmit  its  gains 
to  its  descendants.  This  is  admirably  shown 
hy  the  marvellous  story  of  the  fresh-water  eel 
which  migrates  from  the  Vistula  to  the  deep 
«ea  off  Ireland  for  the  purpose  of  spawning, 
and  by  the  unique  transformation  of  its  trans- 


parent ribbon-like  larvae  into  the  still  smaller 
black  elvers  which  make  their  way  back  by 
some  secret  homing  instinct  from  the  open  sea 
to  the  streams  and  lakes  of  the  centre  of  the 
continent.  To  the  mechanist  this  is  no  more 
than  the  intricate  unravelment  of  chemical 
reaction,  provided  only  he  endows  the  fleeting 
and  ever-changing  molecules  of  the  eel,  as  they 
come  into  and  then  forever  leave  its  changing 
body,  with  all  the  fundamental  properties  that 
the  race  of  eels  have  accumulated  in  the  ages 
of  their  long  evolution.  Professor  Thomson 
is  a  Neo-vitalist  of  an  undogmatic  sort,  and  he 
has  set  forth  an  inviting  array  of  problems  for 
his  many  materialistic  confreres  to  consider. 
Anything  from  his  pen  is  sure  to  be  interest- 
ing, to  be  marked  by  lucidity,  by  a  spirit  of 
candor,  and  by  a  clearly  defined  progress  to 
definite  conclusions,  or  at  least  to  a  clear  state- 
ment of  the  problem.  Although  deeply  im- 
bued with  the  philosophic  significance  of  the 
fact  related,  the  work  is  not  written  in  the 
philosophic  tone  nor  does  it  employ  the  phil- 
osophic vocabulary.  It  is  a  charming  series  of 
natural  history  word  pictures,  painted  for  the 
most  part  in  newly  explored  lands,  and 
sketched  with  a  trained  hand.  These  countless 
illustrations  of  life's  wonders  are  grouped 
about  seven  main  themes:  the  drama  of  life 
with  its  primal  impulses  of  hunger  and  love; 
the  haunts  of  life,  or  the  story  of  exploitation 
of  the  earth  to  its  remotest  nooks  and  corners ; 
the  insurgence  of  life,  or  the  circumvention  of 
space  and  the  conquest  of  time  by  produc- 
tivity, by  adaptation  to  difficult  conditions,  by 
tenacity  and  plasticity,  and  by  the  mysterious 
instinct  of  migration  that  guides  the  inexpe- 
rienced fledgling  across  trackless  wastes  of 
land  and  sea.  Behavior  of  animals,  or  the 
ways  of  life,  are  illustrated  by  the  complex 
instincts  of  birds  and  insects,  and  the  web  of 
life  by  the  intricate  interrelations  of  flowers 
and  insects,  of  parasites  and  their  hosts,  by 
the  story  of  pearls,  and  by  the  complex  adapta- 
tions of  the  cuckoo,  who  foists  her  domestic 
cares  upon  other  birds.  The  cycle  of  life  is 
illustrated  by  the  various  types  of  develop- 
ment under  normal  and  experimental  condi- 
tions, and  includes  a  discussion  of  parental 
instincts,  and  of  death.  The  closing  chapter, 
on  the  wonder  of  life,  is  one  of  unusual  inter- 
est which  sums  up  and  elaborates  the  distin- 
guishing characteristics  of  organisms.  It 
ranges  over  a  great  variety  of  topics,  from 
anaphallaxis  and  chemical  individuality  to 
sleep  and  phosphorescence,  protective  colora- 
tion, mimicry,  and  transmission  of  acquired 
characters,  and  closes  with  an  illuminating,  if 
not  wholly  conclusive,  discussion  of  vitalism 
as  opposed  to  mechanism. 


214 


THE    DIAL 


March  18 


This  is  an  elementary  book, 

The  atom  of  ,,        Tr      T>       \J  •        ±L 

the  French  says  Mr.  H.  P.  Adams  in  the 
preface  to  his  brief  sketch  of  the 
French  Revolution  (McClurg).  "  It  aims, 
above  all,  at  making  the  story  clear.  Its  other 
purpose,  no  less  important,  is  to  indicate  the 
present  state  of  the  chief  problems  associated 
with  the  great  Revolution."  A  book  which 
should  really  do  what  Mr.  Adams  aims  to  do, 
within  the  space  which  he  has  allowed  him- 
self, would  be  a  notable  event;  it  would  be 
such  a  book  as  might  be  written  by  a  man 
possessed  of  the  learning  of  Aulard,  the  in- 
sight of  Carlyle,  and  the  constructive  and 
literary  talent  of,  let  us  say,  Mignet.  In  lieu 
of  first-hand  knowledge,  Mr.  Adams  has  read 
"Acton,  Sorel,  Aulard,  Kropotkin,  Belloc,  and 
the  writers  of  the  Cambridge  Modern  His- 
tory." These  are  all  very  well  in  their  \vay, 
but  they  are  so  little  agreed  in  their  concep- 
tions of  the  Revolution  that  however  intelli- 
gently one  may  read  them  (and  Mr.  Adams 
appears  to  have  read  them  attentively  enough) 
a  sketch  of  the  subject  "based  mainly"  on 
them  is  almost  sure  to  lack  precisely  that  merit 
which  Mr.  Adams  seeks  to  attain,  namely, 
clearness.  Certainly  one  must  have  not  only  a 
pretty  good  first-hand  knowledge  of  the  Revo- 
lution, but  a  considerable  appreciation  of  the 
influences  that  have  given  us  such  varied  inter- 
pretations of  it,  before  it  is  possible  to  recon- 
cile Aulard,  Kropotkin,  and  the  "writers  of 
the  Cambridge  Modern  History."  To  two 
parts  of  Kropotkin,  Mr.  Adams  has  apparently 
added  one  part  of  Aulard  and  one  of  what  col- 
lege students  know  best  as  ' '  Mr.  Cambridge. ' ' 
The  mixture  has  been  well  stirred,  and  spiced 
with  certain  generalizations  of  the  author's 
own  brewing.  But  the  trouble  is  that  the 
ingredients  do  not  combine,  and  the  result  is 
far  from  clear.  Fortunately,  it  is  no  crime  to 
write  an  unsatisfactory  book  about  the  French 
Revolution ;  and  if  ' '  the  readers  for  whom 
[the  book]  is  intended"  are  such  as  like  to 
read  about  the  Revolution  without  going  be- 
yond text  books  and  brief  manuals,  they  will 
find  here,  as  the  author  expresses  a  hope  that 
they  may,  "something  essentially  differing 
from  what  they  can  get  from  the  excellent 
hand  books  of  similar  size  that  exist. ' ' 


The  late  John  Hays  Gardiner's 
Jdement  v°lume  on  Harvard  in  the 

"American  Colleges  and  Uni- 
versities Series"  (Oxford  Press)  is  not  a  con- 
ventional history ;  it  is  an  impressive  account 
of  the  institution  that  was  practically  created 
by  President  Eliot  during  the  forty  years  of 
his  administration.  Some  of  the  items  that 
stick  in  memory  after  the  book  has  been  read 


are:  Germany's  major  part  in  the  develop- 
ment of  Harvard,  the  way  the  college  attends 
to  the  intimate  needs  of  its  students,  the  illus- 
trious names  that  have  been  connected  with  it, 
and  the  inimitableness  of  its  collections. 
There  could  not  be  a  more  inspiring  chapter 
in  American  education  than  the  one  in  this 
book  treating  the  origin,  development,  and 
present  status  of  Harvard's  libraries.  And 
the  story  of  the  other  collections  (including 
that  of  the  glass  flowers)  does  not  lag  in  sug- 
gestiveness.  It  is  good  for  the  soul  to  read  of 
the  equipment  for  research  with  which  Har- 
vard is  endowed.  The  social  life  of  the  stu- 
dents, as  it  revolves  around  athletics  and 
clubs,  is  set  forth  in  a  most  enlightening  way. 
There  is  nothing  apologetic  or  patronizing  in 
this  connection ;  the  physical  activities  seem 
to  prevent  dyspepsia  and  the  social  ones  offish- 
ness,  so  that  all  are  pleased.  The  fact  that 
from  one-half  to  two-thirds  of  the  students 
work  their  way,  partly  at  least,  through  Har- 
vard is  viewed  optimistically.  Could  not  the 
impecunious  do  a  little  far-sighted  borrow- 
ing while  in  college?  The  time  is  at  most 
short,  and  during  this  brief  space  Sauls  are 
supposed  to  be  metamorphosed  into  Pauls. 
But  students  have  a  way  the  country  over  of 
answering  this  and  similar  questions  to  their 
own  apparent  satisfaction, —  and  it  is  their 
affair.  If  the  author  of  this  book  thinks  that 
students  at  Harvard  act  wisely,  the  reader  is 
almost  forced  to  agree,  for  he  sees  that  Har- 
vard did  well  by  him.  The  volume  was  writ- 
ten with  care  and  love.  It  contains  a  great 
mass  of  detailed  information  presented  in  the 
orthodox  Harvard  tone:  dignified,  measured, 
truth-bearing,  unhumorous.  Arranged  as  the 
chapters  are,  there  is  an  occasional  repetition ; 
the  traditional  Harvard  use  of  the  fine-tooth 
comb  as  a  searching  instrument  occurs  (it 
reminds  one  too  much  of  Murillo)  ;  and  there 
is  at  least  one  slip :  on  page  19  Harvard  Hall 
is  said  to  have  burned  down  on  February  2, 
1764,  while  on  page  237  the  same  disaster  is 
reported  to  have  taken  place  on  January  24, 
1764.  But  these  are  trivialities  which  the 
author  would  indubitably  have  attended  to 
had  he  lived  to  revise  his  manuscript.  All  in 
all,  this  is  at  once  an  inspiring  and  an  instruc- 
tive account  of  the  way  in  which  America's 
best-known  university  makes  men  out  of  boys 
and  scholars  out  of  men. 


„ 

Essays  and 

addresses  of  a 

famous  surgeon. 


The  name  of  the  late  Dr.  Roswell 

.  , 

Park,  of  Buffalo,  became  widely 

^Q^    f<)    fne    general    publie    at 

the  time  of  President  McKinley's  assassination 
at  the  Pan-American  Exposition.  Holding  the 
office  of  Medical  Director  of  the  Exposition, 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


215 


and  being  also  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the 
University  of  Buffalo  and  Surgeon-in- Chief  to 
the  Buffalo  General  Hospital,  as  well  as  an 
acknowledged  leader  in  his  profession,  he  was 
naturally  called  upon  to  minister  to  the  dis- 
tinguished visitor.  His  absence  from  the  city, 
however,  made  it  necessary  that  another  hand 
should  perform  the  immediate  operation  de- 
manded by  the  exigencies  of  the  case.  His 
subsequent  endeavors  to  save  the  patient's  life 
and  his  disappointment  and  distress  at  failure 
are  matters  of  history.  It  is  to  his  pen  that  we 
owe  the  "  Selected  Papers,  Surgical  and  Scien- 
tific," chosen  for  publication  by  two  of  his 
colleagues,  and  issued  to  subscribers.  One  of 
these  colleagues,  Dr.  Charles  G.  Stockton,  has 
prepared  a  memoir  of  Dr.  Park,  with  which 
the  volume  opens,  and  the  surgeon 's  son  Julian 
contributes  a  brief  preface  and  otherwise  coop- 
erates in  the  editorship  of  the  volume.  From 
papers  on  cancer,  a  subject  of  special  study,  to 
an  inquiry  into  the  ultimate  substance  or 
force  composing  the  universe,  the  writer 
shows  a  wide  range  of  interests  and  attain- 
ments; and  the  clearness  and  simplicity  with 
which,  even  to  a  layman,  he  succeeds  in  con- 
veying his  meaning  render  his  writings  attrac- 
tive beyond  the  circle  of  those  to  whom  most  of 
them  are  primarily  addressed.  The  picture  of 
the  man  himself,  in  Dr.  Stockton's  memoir, 
is  by  no  means  the  least  interesting  feature  of 
the  volume.  A  portrait  of  a  more  literal  sort 
than  this  literary  one  faces  the  title-page. 


England  in 
the  later 
Middle  Ages. 


Macaulay  found  but  one  fault  in 
his  favorite  Thucydides, — a  too 
close  adherence  to  narrative. 
Since  Macaulay 's  day  experiments  in  histori- 
cal writing  have  been  tried  in  which  the  con- 
secutive statement  of  particular  events  has 
been  broken  for  purposes  of  exposition,  or 
philosophy,  or  what  not.  For  the  serious  stu- 
dent of  history  such  an  excursus,  breaking  the 
narrative,  is  less  enlightening  than  might  be 
expected.  "England  in  the  Later  Middle 
Ages,"  by  Professor  Kenneth  H.  Vickers,  of 
the  University  of  Durham,  has  been  criticized 
as  lacking  in  such  "philosophical"  passages. 
From  this  criticism  we  dissent;  there  was  a 
noticeable  need  of  a  book  covering  the  period 
from  1272  to  1485  in  narrative  form,  and  ad- 
hering as  closely  as  possible  to  the  sources. 
Such  a  book  the  third  volume  of  "A  History 
of  England"  (Putnam)  in  seven  volumes  un- 
der the  general  editorship  of  Professor  Oman 
turns  out  to  be.  Sources  only  recently  avail- 
able are  referred  to  constantly.  It  is  no  easy 
matter  to  satisfy  the  specialist  and  the  gen- 
eral reader  in  the  treatment  of  these  two  cen- 
turies; in  the  adoption  of  his  style  Professor 


Vickers  has  had  the  specialist  as  well  as  the 
reader  in  mind.  Certainly  the  decorations  of 
history,  dramatic  and  picturesque  details,  he 
has  employed  with  economy.  One  may  read 
well  into  the  narrative  of  Agincourt  without 
realizing  it;  but  one  is  bound  to  admit  that 
the  casual  account  is  probably  better  history 
than  eloquence  or  dramatic  writing  after  the 
event.  Nil  admirari  and  personal  detachment 
mark  the  book;  and  if  few  will  sit  down  to 
read  the  work  through,  leisure  permitting, 
others  will  find  themselves  coming  back  to  it 
for  what  is,  on  the  whole,  the  best  narrative  of 
the  period  yet  put  together  from  confused  and 
often  contradictory  masses  of  record.  Par- 
ticularly to  be  commended  are  the  maps  of 
campaigns  at  the  end  of  the  volume. 


America's 
foremost 
art  museum. 


In  form  and  appearance  befit- 
ting its  subject,  "A  History  of 
the  Metropolitan  Museum  of 
Art"  (Duffield),  by  Miss  Winifred  E.  Howe, 
presents  in  considerable  detail,  and  with  a 
preliminary  chapter  on  the  early  art  institu- 
tions of  New  York,  a  chronological  account  of 
the  now  splendid  collection  started  nearly  half 
a  century  ago  through  the  activity  of  a  group 
of  New  York  art-lovers,  notably  enriched  some 
decades  later  by  the  discriminating  generosity 
of  the  late  J.  Pierpont  Morgan,  fourth  presi- 
dent of  the  Museum  and  most  zealous  and 
intelligent  promoter  of  its  fortunes,  and,  since 
1910,  under  the  able  directorship  of  Mr. 
Edward  Robinson,  in  succession  to  Sir  Caspar 
Purdon  Clarke.  A  preface  of  more  than  a 
perfunctory  character  is  contributed  by  Mr. 
Robert  W.  De  Forest,  who  for  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century  has  been  a  trustee  of  the 
Museum  and  has  served  it  in  various  capaci- 
ties. The  preliminary  account  of  the  city's 
early  institutions  of  art  is  a  notable  contribu- 
tion to  local  history,  filling  a  third  of  the 
volume.  Prepared  before  the  publication  of 
the  recent  biography  of  Samuel  F.  B.  Morse, 
first  president  of  the  National  Academy  of 
Design  and  otherwise  prominent  in  New 
York's  early  endeavors  to  become  an  art 
centre,  the  chapter  could  not  avail  itself  of  the 
considerable  relevant  material  that  excellent 
biography  contains;  but  it  appears  to  be  a 
thorough  and  trustworthy  piece  of  work 
within  the  limits  of  its  design.  Many  por- 
traits and  other  illustrations  suitably  enrich 
the  volume. 

war  and  ^n  "War  an<^  Insurance"  (Mac- 

thTiwurance  millan) ,  Professor  Josiah  Royce 
.has  applied  his  pet  theory  of 
dyadic  and  triadic  relations  to  international 
affairs.  The  dyadic  relations  of  man  to  man  he 
considers  unstable  and  fraught  with  danger: 


216 


THE   DIAL 


[March  18 


"A  pair  of  men  is  what  I  may  call  an  essen- 
tially dangerous  community. "  He  sp  eaks  of  it 
as  a  law  that  this  dual  relation  produces  fric- 
tion, and  that  this  friction  tends  to  increase; 
and  goes  on  to  say  that  the  deepest  reason  why 
war  is  so  persistent  is  that  nations,  thus  far  in 
history,  are  related  chiefly  in  pairs.  This  would 
be  altered  by  triads,  which,  like  the  normal 
family  —  father,  mother,  and  child, —  consist 
of  a  group  of  three  parties.  In  the  family 
triad,  the  winning  and  common  care  for  the 
child  may  charm  away  many  of  the  influences 
that  threaten  to  wreck  the  unity  of  the  home. 
Similarly  in  any  triadic  group  the  interme- 
diary, corresponding  to  the  child  in  the  fam- 
ily, transforms  the  dangerous  pair  into  a 
harmonious  triad,  and  gives  stability  and 
peace.  Such  a  group  of  three  Professor 
Royce  calls  a  ' '  community  of  interpretation. ' ' 
Besides  the  family  we  have  such  communities 
of  interpretation  in  the  judicial  triad  (com- 
plainant, defendant,  judge) ,  the  banking  triad 
(investor,  borrower,  banker),  and  the  insur- 
ance triad  (adventurer,  beneficiary,  insurer). 
Of  all  relations  and  practical  communities  yet 
devised,  the  insurance  relations  and  communi- 
ties most  tend  to  bring  peace  on  earth.  No 
adequate  effort  has  been  made  to  further 
peace  through  an  application  of  the  insurer's 
community  to  international  business.  This 
Professor  Royce  advocates,  and  he  believes, 
notwithstanding  the  difficulties  discussed  in 
his  introduction,  that  the  proposal  is  practical. 


A  mediaeval 

story  in 

modern  dress. 


How    well    French    scholarship 

.    ,  ,         .  .*" 

might  teach  America  to  unite 

^   pQwer    Q£   learning  with   the 

forces  of  daily  life  has  often  enough  been 
shown;  yet  seldom  more  clearly  than  when 
M.  Joseph  Bedier,  now  foremost  among  au- 
thorities on  the  mediaeval  romances,  con- 
structed from  several  versions  a  story  of 
Tristan  and  Iseult  which  is  essentially  faithful 
to  tradition,  and  yet  suited  to  the  demands  of 
modern  taste,  and  to  the  likings  of  the  modern 
reader.  Le  Roman  de  Tristan  et  Iseut,  as 
adapted  by  this  eminent  scholar,  having  been 
crowned  by  the  French  Academy,  has  since 
attracted  the  services  of  skilful  translators,  — 
one  of  them  Mr.  Hilaire  Belloc,  whose  version 
is  published  in  this  country  by  Messrs.  Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co.  The  English  translation  has  in 
some  quarters  been  even  more  highly  praised 
in  point  of  style  than  M.  Bedier  's  adaptation, 
though  his  skill  in  French  is  great.  If  the 
praise  be  too  high,  it  nevertheless  serves  as  a 
vigorous  recommendation  of  a  fascinating 
book.  May  the  volume  come  into  the  hands 
of  everyone  who  knows  the  tale  of  Tristan 
only  through  the  medium  of  Wagner  ! 


In  '  '  The  English  Parish 
iaeval  church  Church"  (Scribner)  Mr.  J. 

Charles  Cox  has  written,  out  of 
fulness  of  knowledge,  an  admirable  brief 
manual  for  the  amateur.  It  is,  as  the  sub- 
title proclaims,  "an  account  of  the  chief 
building  types  and  their  materials  during  nine 
centuries,"  broadly  considering  the  church 
fabric  as  a  whole  rather  than  individual 
forms  of  detail.  It  is  in  this  respect  that  it 
contrasts  with  the  more  minute  treatments  of 
Mr.  Bond,  whereas  it  supplements  Mr.  Cram's 
portfolio  of  views  through  its  enlightening 
text.  Especially  vital  is  the  chapter  on  the 
gradual  growth  of  church  plans.  The  illus- 
trations, though  small,  are  many  and  unhack- 
neyed, selected  with  a  knowledge  of  the 
buildings  and  of  the  literature  which  is  aston- 
ishingly wide.  It  is  the  parish  church  rather 
than  the  cathedral  which  is  the  flower  of  En- 
glish mediaeval  church  architecture.  To  the 
tourist  and  the  student  this  little  volume  will 
prove  an  excellent  guide. 


BRIEFER  MENTION. 


The  "Useful  Reference  Series"  published  by 
the  Boston  Book  Company  has  two  unquestionably 
useful  recent  additions  in  Mr.  Axel  Moth's 
"  Glossary  of  Library  Terms :  English,  Danish, 
Dutch,  French,  German,  Italian,  Spanish,  Swed- 
ish," and  Miss  Katharine  H.  Wead's  "List  of 
Series  and  Sequels  for  Juvenile  Readers."  These 
are  in  pamphlet  form  and  constitute  numbers  ten 
and  eleven,  respectively,  of  the  series. 

Technicalities  remote  and  obscure,  slang  expres- 
sions, archaic  terms,  and  unusual  phrases  of  all 
sorts  are  contained  in  the  index  to  Mr.  Ralph 
Durand's  "Handbook  to  the  Poetry  of  Rudyard 
Kipling"  (Doubleday).  The  index  alone  should 
convince  anyone  that  a  Kipling  handbook  satisfies 
a  real  need.  The  book  itself  further  justifies  the 
assumption.  It  is  more  than  a  mere  glossary  of 
terms:  it  is  brimful  of  information  about  the 
unheard-of  things  with  which  Mr.  Kipling  whets 
the  curiosity  of  his  readers  —  just  the  information, 
in  fact,  that  every  Kipling  enthusiast  wants. 

The  well-known  Stedman-Woodberry  edition  of 
the  Works  of  Edgar  Allan  Poe,  first  published  in 
1895  in  ten  volumes,  is  now  re-issued  by  Messrs. 
Scribner  in  their  "Library  of  Modern  Authors." 
It  has  been  reset  in  larger  type  and  printed  from 
new  plates  on  paper  bearing  the  author's  initials 
in  water-mark ;  the  bibliography  has  been  brought 
down  to  date,  the  matter  pertaining  to  the  por- 
traits rearranged,  and  the  text,  re-examined  by 
Professor  Woodberry,  has  been  revised  in  the  few 
immaterial  points  where  it  has  been  found  wanting. 
The  scholarly  critical  notes,  subjected  to  the  same 
careful  re-examination,  have  been  retained.  Ex- 
cellent in  every  detail  of  book  manufacture,  this 
becomes  without  question  the  definitive  edition  of 
Poe. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


217 


NOTES. 


A  volume  of  "  Cornish  Plays  "  by  Mrs.  Havelock 
Ellis  will  be  published  next  month  by  Messrs. 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 

Maxim  Gorky  is  writing  the  recollections  of  his 
early  years,  which  will  appear  in  the  spring  under 
the  title  of  "  My  Childhood." 

"  The  Limitations  of  Science,"  by  Professor 
Louis  T.  More,  is  a  volume  which  Messrs.  Henry 
Holt  &  Co.  expect  to  issue  in  May. 

"  Songs  from  the  Clay "  is  the  title  of  a  new 
volume  of  poems  by  Mr.  James  Stephens,  which 
Messrs.  Macmillan  will  soon  publish. 

The  scenes  of  Mr.  Joseph  Conrad's  forthcoming 
novel  "  Victory  "  are  laid  on  an  island  in  the  South- 
ern Pacific,  and  much  of  its  action  is  on  the  sea. 

A  new  African  book,  "  The  Rediscovered  Coun- 
try," by  Mr.  Stewart  Edward  White  is  promised 
for  spring  publication  by  Messrs.  Doubleday,  Page 
&  Co. 

A  volume  by  Professor  H.  Walker  on  "  The 
English  Essay  and  Essayists  "  will  soon  be  added  to 
Messrs.  Button's  "  Channels  of  English  Literature  " 
series. 

Baron  Paul  Benjamin  B'Estournelles  de  Con- 
stant, the  well-known  pacificist,  has  written  a  book 
entitled  "America  and  Her  Problems,"  which  the 
Macmillan  Co.  will  publish  this  spring. 

"  The  Second  Odd  Number  "  is  a  book  of  stories 
translated  from  the  Trench  of  Guy  de  Maupassant 
by  Mr.  Charles  Henry  White  which  Messrs.  Har- 
per are  adding  to  their  "  Odd  Number  Series." 

In  "  New  Cosmopolis,"  which  will  be  published 
before  long  by  Messrs.  Scribner,  Mr.  James  Hune- 
ker  gives  intimate  accounts  of  the  fundamental 
features  of  New  York  as  seen  by  artist  and  critic. 

In  "James  Russell  Lowell  as  a  Critic,"  which 
Messrs.  Putnam  will  publish  immediately,  Mr. 
Joseph  J.  Reilly  raises  the  question  whether  or  not 
Lowell  can  be  called  a  critic  and  answers  it  in  the 
negative. 

Augustus  Be  Morgan's  "  Budget  of  Paradoxes  " 
has  been  edited  and  revised  by  Mr.  Bavid  Eugene 
Smith  and  is  announced  for  spring  publication  in 
two  large  octavo  volumes  by  the  Open  Court  Pub- 
lishing Co. 

Among  the  March  novels  announced  by  Messrs. 
Scribner  are  Mr.  Maurice  Hewlett's  "A  Lover's 
Tale,"  Mr.  Gouverneur  Morris's  "  The  Seven  Bar- 
lings," and  "August  First,"  by  Mrs.  Mary  Ray- 
mond Shipman  Andrews  and  Mr.  Roy  Irving 
Murray. 

Buring  the  spring  two  new  volumes  will  be  added 
to  the  "  National  Social  Science  Series,"  which 
Messrs.  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.  are  publishing.  They 
are  "  The  Cost  of  Living,"  by  Mr.  Walter  E.  Clark, 
and  "  Trusts  and  Competition,"  by  Mr.  John  F. 
Crowell. 

Br.  William  Healy  Ball  has  prepared  a  biog- 
raphy of  one  of  America's  most  prominent  nat- 
uralists, Spencer  Fullerton  Baird,  which  will  also 
contain  selections  from  his  correspondence  with 
Audubon,  Agassiz,  Bana,  and  others.  Messrs.  J.  B. 
Lippincott  Co.  are  the  publishers. 


When  M.  Berger's  Life  of  William  Blake  ap- 
peared in  France  several  years  ago,  Swinburne 
hastened  to  acclaim  it  as  the  "  last  word  "  on  the 
poet  and  mystic.  The  work  has  now  been  trans- 
lated into  English  and  will  be  published  this 
month  by  Messrs.  E.  P.  Button  &  Co. 

Professor  Joseph  Jastrow's  studies  in  experi- 
mental and  comparative  psychology,  embodying  his 
findings  on  the  development  of  the  individual  and 
social  nature,  will  appear  this  spring  under  the 
title  of  "  Character  and  Temperament,"  with  the 
imprint  of  Messrs.  B.  Appleton  &  Co. 

"  Hellenic  Civilization,"  by  Br.  G.  W.  Botsford 
and  Br.  E.  G.  Sihler,  is  the  first  volume  of  a  new 
series  of  sources  and  studies  covering  the  entire 
history  of  western  civilization.  The  series  will  be 
entitled  "  Records  of  Civilization,"  and  will  be 
issued  by  the  Columbia  University  Press. 

In  "  The  Modern  Study  of  Literature,"  which 
will  come  from  the  University  of  Chicago  Press, 
the  author,  Br.  Richard  Green  Moulton,  offers  an 
introduction  to  literary  theory  and  interpretation, 
aiming  to  show  how  literature  may  maintain  its 
place  in  the  foremost  ranks  of  modern  study. 

Buring  the  spring  two  volumes  of  plays  will  be 
added  to  Mr.  Mitchell  Kennerley's  "  Modern 
Brama  Series."  They  are  "  The  Lonely  Way : 
Interlude:  Countess  Mizzi,"  from  the  German  of 
Arthur  Schnitzler,  and  "  Lovers :  The  Free 
Woman:  They,"  from  the  French  of  Maurice 
Bonnay. 

An  English  version  is  soon  to  be  published  of 
one  of  Maeterlinck's  earlier  and  less  familiar 
works,  "  Serres  Chaudes."  The  poems  have  been 
translated  in  their  original  metres  by  Mr.  Bernard 
Miall,  who  has  also  contributed  a  preface  on  their 
place  in  contemporary  letters  in  Maeterlinck's  own 
literary  career. 

Mr.  Arnold  Bennett  is  at  work  on  the  com- 
pleting volume  of  the  trilogy  which  he  began  in 
1910  with  "  Clayhanger,"  and  continued  in  1911 
with  "  Hilda  Lessways  " ;  and  he  hopes  to  publish 
it  next  autumn.  Meantime  his  English  publishers 
are  bringing  out  a  new  edition  of  his  romance  of 
the  divorce  problem,  "  Whom  God  Hath  Joined  "  — 
originally  published  in  1906. 

The  publishing  business  of  Messrs.  Browne  & 
Howell  Co.,  Chicago,  has  been  taken  over  by  Mr. 
Frank  L.  Howell,  long  associated  with  the  old  com- 
pany, and  will  be  conducted  under  the  name  of  The 
Howell  Co.  (not  inc.),  with  general  offices  at  608 
South  Bearborn  St.,  Chicago.  It  will  be  the  aim  of 
the  new  company  to  maintain  the  high  standard  of 
publishing  set  by  the  older  concern.  New  publica- 
tions for  the  spring  will  shortly  be  announced. 

Two  books  of  special  interest  to  come  from  the 
Oxford  University  Press  are  "  Mark  Rutherford's  " 
"Last  Pages  from  a  Journal,"  which  has  been 
prepared  for  the  press  by  Mrs.  Hale  White,  and 
the  late  Mr.  W.  P.  Courtney's  "  Bibliography  of 
Samuel  Johnson."  Mr.  Courtney  spent  an  im- 
mense amount  of  labor  on  this  task,  which  he  did 
not  live  to  finish,  but  his  manuscript  has  had  the 
benefit  of  revision  at  the  hands  of  Mr.  B.  Nicol 
Smith. 


218 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


"  Writers  of  the  Day  "  is  a  new  series  announced 
by  Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  the  aim  of  which  is 
to  present  brief  yet  comprehensive  estimates  of  au- 
thors while  they  are  yet  alive.  To  the  first  group 
of  titles  now  in  preparation  belong  Mr.  J.  D. 
Beresford's  "  H.  G.  Wells,"  Mr.  Hugh  Walpole's 
"  Joseph  Conrad,"  Mr.  W.  L.  George's  "Anatole 
France,"  Miss  Sheila  Kaye-Smith's  "  John  Gals- 
worthy," and  Mr.  Stephen  Gwynn's  "  Mrs. 
Humphry  Ward." 

The  forthcoming  translation  of  Treitschke's 
"  History  of  Germany  in  the  Nineteenth  Century  " 
recently  announced  in  these  columns  is  the  joint 
undertaking  of  Messrs.  McBride,  Nast  &  Co.  of 
New  York  and  Messrs.  Jarrold  &  Sons  of  London. 
The  translator  is  Dr.  M.  E.  Paul,  and  the  editor 
is  Mr.  William  H.  Dawson,  author  of  "  The  Evo- 
lution of  Modern  Germany."  Mr.  Dawson  will 
write  the  supplementary  volume  of  the  series, 
which  is  to  be  issued  in  seven  volumes. 

The  posthumous  book  by  the  late  Sister  Nivedita, 
which  Messrs.  Longmans  will  have  ready  imme- 
diately under  the  title  of  "  Footfalls  of  Indian  His- 
tory," deals  with  the  re-interpretation  of  the  great 
ages  of  the  past  of  India,  especially  in  relation  to 
the  social  and  religious  consciousness  of  the  people. 
It  will  be  illustrated  in  color  from  water-colors 
by  Abanindra  Nath  Tagore,  and  two  other  members 
of  the  School  of  Indian  Painters  which  has  grown 
up  under  his  inspiration  at  Calcutta. 

Russian  literature  figures  prominently  in  the 
spring  announcements  of  English  publishers.  We 
note  in  particular  a  new  edition  of  Gogol's  "  Dead 
Souls,"  with  a  preface  by  Mr.  Stephen  Graham. 
Another  of  the  great  Russian  realist  novels,  "  The 
Golovleffs,"  by  Shchedrin  (Saltikov),  is  to  appear 
for  the  first  time  in  an  English  translation.  Other 
announcements  include  a  translation  by  J.  E. 
Hogarth  of  Andreiev's  play,  "  The  Life  of  Man," 
which  enjoyed  a  long  run  at  the  Arts  Theatre  in 
Moscow. 

The  next  batch  of  volumes  to  appear  in  Messrs. 
Holt's  "  Home  University  Library  "  will  comprise 
a  study  of  Milton,  by  Mr.  John  Bailey,  whose 
"  Johnson  and  his  Circle "  is  already  among  the 
most  successful  volumes  in  the  library ;  a  "  History 
of  Philosophy,"  by  Mr.  Clement  C.  J.  Webb; 
"  Political  Thought  in  England,  from  Herbert 
Spencer  to  the  Present  Day,"  by  Mr.  Ernest 
Barker;  and  "Belgium,"  by  Mr.  R.  C.  K.  Ensor, 
who  deals  with  his  subject  both  from  the  historical 
and  the  descriptive  standpoint,  with  maps  illus- 
trating past  and  present  campaigns. 

Short  and  carefully-considered  lists  of  note- 
worthy books  in  various  departments  of  literature 
are  compiled  and  issued  at  short  intervals  by  the 
New  York  Public  Library,  the  works  named  being 
selected  from  its  own  resources.  For  instance, 
there  have  lately  appeared  little  paper  book  bibli- 
ographies of  "  Stories  of  Romance  and  Imagina- 
tion," "Stories  of  the  Sea"  (romance  and  fact), 
"  Plays  of  Thirteen  Countries."  "  Favorite  Stories 
of  the  Library  Reading  Clubs,"  and,  finally,  of 
books  dealing  mostly  with  real  life,  but  "  as  inter- 
esting as  a  novel,"  which  much-used  phrase  is 
utilized  as  title. 


"A  History  of  Travel  in  America,"  by  Mr. 
Seymour  Dunbar,  is  announced  for  immediate 
publication  by  Messrs.  Bobbs-Merrill  Co.  It  is 
primarily  a  story  of  pioneer  conditions,  the  story 
of  the  wilderness  road,  prairie  schooner,  dog-sled, 
and  pack-train;  but  it  is  more  than  that,  for  in 
tracing  the  development  of  travel  to  the  highly 
organized  railway  systems  of  to-day  it  becomes  a 
study  of  the  nation's  social  and  economic  evolu- 
tion involved  in  the  process.  To  the  large  mass  of 
detailed  information  are  added  numerous  photo- 
graphic reproductions  of  rare  early  prints,  broad- 
sides, and  obscure  documents  and  manuscripts.  The 
work  will  comprise  four  large  volumes. 

New  light  is  thrown  on  the  business  world  of 
early  Babylonia  in  a  book  about  to  be  published 
in  the  "  Columbia  University  Oriental  Studies," 
entitled  "  Sumerian  Records  from  Drehem,"  by  Dr. 
W.  M.  Nesbit.  The  work  contains  a  collection  of 
inscribed  clay  tablets  recovered  from  Drehem,  near 
the  city  of  Nippur,  where  expeditions  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  have  carried  on  exca- 
vations since  1888.  These  particular  tablets,  how- 
ever, with  others,  were  discovered  at  Drehem  by 
Arabs  and  surreptitiously  removed  before  the 
Turkish  authorities  could  claim  them  for  the 
Constantinople  Museum.  They  were  afterwards  dis- 
tributed among  various  private  collectors,  the  col- 
lection now  dealt  with  being  eventually  secured  for 
Dr.  Nesbit  by  Professor  Gottheil,  of  Columbia  Uni- 
versity. 

Dr.  Georg  Brandes  has  finished  his  great  biog- 
raphy of  Goethe,  and  the  work  is  announced  for 
publication  this  spring.  It  is  now  nearly  thirty 
years  since  the  Danish  critic  gave  his  first  series  of 
lectures  on  Goethe,  so  that  the  coming  biography 
will  contain  the  results  of  a  study  that  has  lasted 
almost  for  a  generation.  In  an  interview,  Dr. 
Brandes  stated  that  his  book  has  been  written  from 
a  European  rather  than  a  German  point  of  view, 
and  that  its  plan  differs  as  much  from  all  existing 
biographies  of  Goethe  as  Goethe's  own  system  of 
botany  does  from  that  of  Linnaeus.  He  does  not 
expect  that  his  book  will  be  well  received  in  Ger- 
many, and  he  is  afraid  that  the  bitterness  caused 
by  the  war  will  prevent  it  from  having  any  great 
success  in  England  or  France.  He  has  hopes,  how- 
ever, that  it  will  find  readers  in  America. 

"  I  have  often  thought,"  says  a  writer  in  the 
London  "  Nation,"  "  that  an  interesting  parallel 
could  be  drawn  between  contemporary  Belgian  lit- 
erature and  that  of  Ireland.  Both  owe  a  good  deal 
to  a  more  or  less  self-conscious  movement  started 
by  a  few  men  in  the  'eighties  and  'nineties  of  the 
last  century.  In  both  cases  there  are  the  two 
languages,  each  modifying  and  influencing  the 
literature  produced  in  the  other,  and  if  neither 
Irish  nor  Flemish  has  produced  a  writer  who  can 
compel  attention,  the  Belgian  writers  of  French 
and  the  Irish  writers  of  English  are  deeply  in- 
debted to  the  other  tongue.  And  against  the 
realist,  and  sometimes  brutal,  Camille  Lemonnier. 
Ireland  can  place  Mr.  George  Moore,  while  the 
weight  of  critical  opinion  would  undoubtedly  class 
M.  Verhaeren  and  Mr.  W.  B.  Yeats  as  the  two 
greatest  living  poets." 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


219 


ANNOUNCEMENTS  OF  SPRING  BOOKS. 


Some  eleven  hundred  titles,  representing 
the  output  of  nearly  sixty  American  pub- 
lishers, are  included  this  year  in  THE  DIAL'S 
annual  List  of  Books  Announced  for  Spring 
Publication,  herewith  presented.  We  have  not 
endeavored  to  list  works  of  strictly  techno- 
logical character;  and  new  editions  are  not 
included  unless  having  new  form  or  matter. 
Otherwise  the  list  is  a  fairly  complete  and  (so 
far  as  the  data  supplied  us  by  the  various 
publishers  may  be  depended  upon)  an  accu- 
rate summary  of  American  publishing  activ- 
ities from  the  beginning  of  February  well  into 
the  summer. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

Unpublished  Prose  and  Letters,  by  the  late  John  Muir. 
—  The  Breath  of  Life,  by  John  Burroughs,  $1.50 
net. —  The  Greatest  of  Literary  Problems,  a  study 
and  review,  historical  and  critical,  of  the  Bacon- 
Shakespeare  question,  by  James  Phinney  Baxter, 
illus.,  $5.  net. —  Eepresentative  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
Addresses,  edited  by  Clark  S.  Northup,  $3.  net. — 
Stories  and  Poems,  and  other  uncollected  writings, 
by  Bret  Harte,  compiled  by  Charles  Meeker  Koz- 
lay,  Riverside  edition,  $1.50  net,  Overland  edition, 
$1.50  net.  (Houghton  Mifflin  Co.) 

New  Cosmopolis,  fundamental  features  of  New  York, 
by  James  Huneker,  $1.50  net. —  The  Little  Man,  and 
other  satires,  by  John  Galsworthy,  $1.30  net. 
(Charles  Scribner's  Sons.) 

Contemporary  Portraits,  by  Frank  Harris,  illus.,  $2.50 
net. — -H.  L.  Stevenson,  a  critical  study,  by  Frank 
Swinnerton,  with  photogravure  frontispiece,  $2.50 
net. —  Eudyard  Kipling,  a  critical  study,  by  Cyril 
Falls,  with  photogravure  frontispiece,  $2.50  net. — 
The  World  of  H.  G.  Wells,  by  Van  Wyck  Brooks, 
$1.25  net.  (Mitchell  Kennerley.) 

Mary  Eussell  Mitford,  correspondence  with  Charles 
Boner  and  John  Euskin,  edited  by  Elizabeth  Lee, 
illus.,  $2.75  net.  (Eand,  McNally  &  Co.) 

Lowell  as  a  Critic,  by  Joseph  J.  Eeilly. —  The  French 
Revolution  and  the  English  Novel,  by  Allene  Greg- 
ory, $1.75  net.  (G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.) 

The  Modern  Study  of  Literature,  by  Eichard  Green 
Moulton,  $2.50  net.  (University  of  Chicago  Press.) 

Chaucer  and  His  Poetry,  by  George  Lyman  Kittredge, 
Litt.D.,  $1.25  net. —  Medieval  Spanish  Allegory,  by 
Chandler  Eathfon  Post,  Ph.D.,  illus.,  $2.50  net.— 
The  Supernatural  in  Tragedy,  by  Charles  Edward 
Whitmore,  PhD.  (Harvard  University  Press.) 

The  Salon  and  English  Letters,  by  Chauncey  Brewster 
Tinker. —  Parsival,  retold  as  an  allegory  of  life  by 
Gerhardt  Hauptmann,  trans,  by  Oakley  Williams. 
(Macmillan  Co.) 

Oxford  Historical  and  Literary  Studies,  new  vols. : 
A  Bibliography  of  Samuel  Johnson,  by  W.  P.  Court- 
ney, revised  and  seen  through  the  press  by  D.  Niehol 
Smith;  Selected  Writings  of  Henry  Tubbe,  edited 
from  unpublished  mss.  by  G.  C.  Moore  Smith. —  The 
Greek  Genius  and  Its  Meaning  to  Us,  by  R.  W. 
Livingstone,  second  edition.  (Oxford  University 
Press.) 

Columbia  University  Studies  in  English  and  Compara- 
tive Literature,  new  vols.:  The  Ballade,  by  Helen 
Louise  Cohen;  Ph.D.;  The  Life  and  Romances  of 


Mrs.  Eliza  Haywood,  by  George  F.  Whicher,  Ph.D. ; 
Eobert  Greene,  by  John  Clark  Jordan,  Ph.D.; 
Froissart  and  the  English  Chronicle  Play,  by  Eobert 
M.  Smith,  Ph.D. —  Studies  in  Eomance  and  Philol- 
ogy, new  vols.:  Li  Eomans  dou  Lis,  by  Frederick 
C.  Ostrander. —  Germanic  Studies,  new  vol.:  The 
Soliloquy  in  German  Drama,  by  Erwin  W.  Eoessler, 
Ph.D.,  paper  $1.  net. —  Indo-Iranian  Series,  new 
vol.:  The  Sanskrit  Poems  of  Mayura,  edited  by 
G.  Payn  Quackenbos,  A.M.  (Columbia  University 
Press.) 

Critical  .Essays  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  by  William 
H.  Durham,  Ph.D.,  $1.75  net. —  Journeys  to  Bagdad, 
essays  on  nature  and  literature,  by  Charles  S.  Brooks. 
(Yale  University  Press.) 

The  Study  of  Shakespeare,  by  Henry  Thew  Stephen- 
son,  $1.25  net. —  Writers  of  the  Day  Series,  first 
vols.:  H.  G.  Wells,  by  J.  D.  Beresford;  Joseph 
Conrad,  by  Hugh  Walpole;  Anatole  France,  by 
W.  L.  George;  William  De  Morgan,  by  Mrs.  Sturge 
Gretton;  John  Galsworthy,  by  Sheila  Kaye-Smith; 
Mrs.  Humphry  Ward,  by  Stephen  Gwynn;  per  vol. 
50  cts.  net. —  Home  University  Library,  new  vol. : 
An  Outline  of  Eussian  Literature,  by  Maurice  Bar- 
ing, 50  cts.  net.  (Henry  Holt  &  Co.) 

Channels  of  English  Literature  Series,  new  vol. :  The 
English  Essay  and  Essayists,  by  Hugh  Walker, 
LL.D.,  $1.50  net.  (E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.) 

The  Art  and  Craft  of  Letters  Series,  first  vols. :  Satire, 
by  Gilbert  Cannan;  The  Epic,  by  Lascelles  Aber- 
crombie;  History,  by  E.  H.  Gretton;  Comedy,  by 
John  Palmer;  each  40  cts.  net.  (George  H.  Doran 
Co.) 

When  a  Man  Comes  to  Himself,  by  Woodrow  Wilson, 
50  cts.  net.  (Harper  &  Brothers.) 

Is  there  a  Shakespeare  Problem?  a  reply  to  Mr.  J.  M. 
Robertson  and  Mr.  Andrew  Lang,  by  G.  G.  Green- 
wood, M.P.,  $3.  net.  (John  Lane  Co.) 

A  History  of  Latin  Literature,  by  Marcus  Dimsdale, 
$2.  net.  (D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

George  Bernard  Shaw,  Harlequin  or  Patriot?  by  John 
Palmer,  50  cts.  net.  (Century  Co.) 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  REMINISCENCES. 

The  Life  of  Clara  Barton,  by  Percy  Epler,  illus. — 
A  Life  of  Napoleon,  by  James  Morgan,  illus.  (Mac- 
millan Co.) 

Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  by  Oscar  W.  Firkins,  $1.75  net. 

—  The  Life  of  Edward  Eowland  Sill,  by  William 
Belmont  Parker,  illus.,   $1.75   net. —  Kitchener,   or- 
ganizer of  victory,  by  Harold  Begbie,  illus.,  $1.25 
net. —  The  Secret  of  an  Empress,  by  the  Countess 
Zanardi  Landi,  illus.,  $4.  net. —  The  Fall  of  Mary 
Stuart,  by  Frank  A.  Mumby,  $3.  net.     (Houghton 
Mifflin  Co.) 

William  Blake,  poet  and  mystic,  by  P.  Berger,  $5.  net. 

—  Saint  Clare  of  Assisi,  by  E.  Gilliatt-Smith,  $3.50 
net.     (E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.) 

The  Life  of  Nietzsche,  by  Frau  Forster-Nietzsche, 
trans,  by  A.  M.  Ludovici  and  Paul  V.  Cohn,  Vol.  II., 
The  Lonely  Nietzsche,  illus.,  $4.  net.  (Sturgis  & 
Walton  Co.) 

Historical  Portraits,  1700  to  1800,  The  Lives,  by 
C.  E.  L.  Fletcher,  the  portraits  chosen  by  Emery 
Walker,  2  vols. —  Lord  Selkirk's  Work  in  Canada, 
by  Chester  Martin. —  Burdy's  Life  of  the  Rev.  Philip 
Skelton,  1792,  with  Introduction  by  Norman  Moore. 

—  Last  Pages  from  a  Journal,  by  Mark  Rutherford, 
edited  by  his  wife. —  Life   of  Barnave,  by  E.  D. 
Bradby. —  John    Williams,    Shipbuilder,    by    Basil 
Mathews,  illus. —  Rambles  and  Recollections  of  an 


220 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


Indian  Official,  by  W.  H.  Sleeman,  revised  edition  by 
Vincent  A.  Smith.  (Oxford  University  Press.) 
Nollekens  and  His  Times,  by  John  Thomas  Smith,  first 
illustrated  edition,  edited,  with  biographical  Intro- 
duction, notes,  arid  index,  by  Wilfred  Whitten,  2 
vols.,  $7.50  net. —  Some  of  the  Correspondence  of 
Sir  Arthur  Helps,  K.C.B.,  by  E.  A.  Helps,  illus.,  $5. 
net. —  The  Life  of  John  Wilkes,  by  Horace  Bleack- 
ley,  illus.,  $5.  net. —  And  That  Eeminds  Me,  by 
Stanley  Coxon,  illus.,  $3.50  net. —  A  Painter  of 
Dreams,  biographical  sketches  of  notable  person- 
ages of  an  age  long  past,  by  A.  M.  W.  Stirling,  illus., 
$3.50  net.— A  Playmate  of  Philip  II.,  being  the 
history  of  Don  Martin  of  Aragon,  Duke  of  Villa- 
hermosa,  and  of  Dona  Luisa  de  Borgia,  his  wife, 
by  Lady  Moreton,  illus.,  $3.  net. —  The  Story  of 
Napoleon's  Death-mask,  by  G.  L.  De  St.  M.  Watson, 
illus.,  $2.  net. —  Granville  Bantock,  by  H.  Orsmond 
Anderton,  $1.  net.  (John  Lane  Co.) 
Memories  of  Forty  Years,  by  Princess  Catherine  Ead- 
ziwell,  illus.,  $3.75  net. —  The  Berlin  Court  under 
William  II.,  by  Axel  von  Schwering,  illus.,  $3.75  net 
(Fnnk  &  Wagnalls  Co.) 

Romance  of  Leonardo  da  Vinci,  by  A.  J.  Anderson, 
illus.  in  photogravure,  etc.,  $4.  net. —  The  Jolly 
Duchess,  Harriott,  Duchess  of  St.  Albans,  fifty  years' 
record  of  stage  and  society,  1787  to  1837,  by  Charles 
E.  Pearce,  illus.,  $4.  net. —  The  Story  of  Dorothy 
Jordan,  by  Clare  Jerrold,  illus.,  $4.  net. —  Eomances 
of  the  Peerage,  by  Thomas  Hall,  illus.,  $3.75  net. 
—  Memoirs  of  the  Duke  de  St.  Simon,  trans,  and 
edited  by  Francis  Arkwright,  6  vols.,  each  illus.,  per 
vol.,  $3.75  net. —  Napoleon  the  Gaoler,  by  Edward 
Eraser,  $1.75  net. —  Friedrich  Nietzsche,  his  life  and 
work,  by  M.  A.  Miigge,  $1.50  net.  (Brentano's.) 
The  Confessions  of  Frederick  the  Great,  and  Treitseh- 
ke's  "Life  of  Frederick,"  edited,  with  topical  and 
historical  Introduction,  by  Douglas  Sladen,  $1.25 
net. —  John  Shaw  Billings,  a  memoir,  by  Fielding  H. 
Garrison,  M.D.,  $2.50  net. —  The  Life  of  Henry 
Laurens,  by  D.  D.  Wallace,  $3.50  net. —  Alfred  the 
Great,  maker  of  England,  848  to  899  A.  D.,  by  Bea- 
trice A.  Lees,  $2.50  net.  (G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.) 
Spencer  Fullerton  Baird,  with  selections  from  his  cor- 
respondence with  Audubon,  Agassiz,  Dana,  and 
others,  by  William  Healey  Ball,  D.Sc.,  illus.,  $3.50 
net.  (J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.) 

Forty  Years  in  Canada,  by  S.  B.  Steele,  with  Introduc- 
tion by  Lord  Strathcona,  illus.,  $5.  net. —  Rabin- 
dranath  Tagore,  the  man  and  his  poetry,  by  Basanta 
Koomar  Eoy,  illus.,  $1.25  net.  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.) 
The  German  Emperor  as  Shown  in  His  Public  Utter- 
ances, by  Christian  Gauss,  with  portraits,  $1.25  net. 
—  John  and  Sarah,  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Marlbor- 
ough,  1680  to  1744,  by  Stuart  J.  Eeed,  with  Intro- 
duction by  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  K.G.,  illus., 
$4.  net. —  Bernadotte,  the  first  phase,  by  Dunbar 
Plunket  Barton,  illus.,  $3.75  net.  (Charles  Scrib- 
ner's  Sons.) 
My  Life  out  of  Prison,  by  Donald  Lowrie,  $1.50  net. 

(Mitchell  Kennerley.) 

American  Crisis  Biographies,  new  vol.:      Ulysses   S. 
Grant,  by  Franklin  S.  Edmonds,  with  portrait,  $1.25 
net.     (George  W.  Jacobs  Co.) 
Confessions   of   a   Clergyman,   anonymous,   $1.50   net. 

(McBride,  Nast  &  Co.) 

Napoleon  I.,  by  August  Fournier,  trans,  from  the 
French  by  A.  E.  Adams,  with  Introduction  by  H.  A. 
L.  Fisher,  popular  edition,  2  vols.,  $3.50  net.  (Henry 
Holt  &  Co.) 

Tolstoi,  the  man  and  his  message,  by  Edward  A. 
Steiner,  new  edition,  illus.,  $1.50  net.  (Fleming  H. 
Eevell  Co.) 


HISTORY. 

The  Eiverside  History  of  the  United  States,  compris- 
ing: Beginnings  of  the  American  People,  by  Carl 
Becker;  Union  and  Democracy,  by  Allen  Johnson; 
Expansion  and  Conflict,  by  W.  E.  Dodd;  The  New 
Nation,  by  F.  L.  Paxson;  per  vol.,  $1.75  net. —  In- 
tervention and  Colonization  in  Africa,  by  N.  Dwight 
Harris,  $2.  net.  (Houghton  Mifflin  Co.) 
The  French  in  the  Heart  of  America,  by  John  Finley, 
$2.50  net. —  Narratives  of  the  Insurrections,  1675  to 
1691,  edited  by  C.  H.  Andrews,  $3.  net.— A  Short 
History  of  the  Canadian  People,  by  George  Bryce, 
illus.,  $3.  net.  (Charles  Scribner's  Sons.) 
The  History  of  Germany  in  the  Nineteenth  Century, 
by  Heinrich  von  Treitschke,  trans,  by  M.  E.  Paul, 
to  be  completed  in  seven  vols.,  Vol.  L,  $3.  net' 
(McBride,  Nast  &  Co.) 

The  Spanish  Dependencies  in  South  America,  1550  to 
1730,  by  Bernard  Moses,  2  vols.,  $5.  net.     (Harper 
&  Brothers.) 
The  Writings  of  John  Quincy  Adams,  edited  by  Worth- 

ington  C.  Ford,  Vol.  V.  (Macmillan  Co.) 
A  History  of  Poland,  by  Eobert  Howard  Lord,  Ph.D. 
—  English  Field  Systems,  by  Howard  Levi  Gray, 
Ph.D. —  Wraxalles  Abridgment  of  the  New  York 
Indian  Eecords,  1678  to  1751,  edited  by  Charles 
Howard  Mcllwain,  Ph.D.  (Harvard  University 
Press.) 

The  Slaveholding  Indian  Series,  to  be  completed  in  3 
vols.,  Vol.  I.,  The  American  Indian  as  Slaveholder 
and  Secessionist,  an  omitted  chapter  in  the  diplo- 
matic history  of  the  Southern  Confederacy,  by  Annie 
Heloise  Abel,  illus.,  $5.  net. —  The  Founding  of  a 
Nation,  the  story  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,  by  Frank 
M.  Gregg,  2  vols.,  illus.,  $7.50  net.  (Arthur  H. 
Clark  Co.) 

Borne  of  To-day  and  Yesterday,  the  pagan  city,  by 
John  Dennie,  illus.,  $3.50  net. —  Lee's  Dispatches, 
the  unpublished  dispatches  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee 
to  Jefferson  Davis  and  the  War  Department  of  the 
Confederate  states  of  America,  1862  to  1865,  edited, 
with  Introduction,  by  Douglas  Southall  Freeman. 
(G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.) 
Napoleon's  Russian  Campaign  of  1812,  by  Edward 

Foord,  illus.,  $4.  net.     (Little,  Brown  &  Co.) 
The  Rise  of  the  Dutch  Kingdom,  by  Hendrik  Willem 
Van  Loon,  illus.,  $2.50  net.   (Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.) 
Carranza  and  Mexico,  by  Carlo  de  Fornaro,  with  chap- 
ters by  I.  C.  Enriquez,  Charles  Ferguson,  and  M.  C. 
Rolland,  illus.,  $1.25  net.     (Mitchell  Kennerley.) 
Records   of   Civilization   Series,   first   vol.:      Hellenic 
Civilization,  by  G.  W.  Botsford,  Ph.D.,  and  E.  G. 
Sihler,  Ph.D. —  Columbia  University  Oriental  Stud- 
ies, new  vol. :     The  History  of  the  City  of  Tyre,  by 
Wallace  B.  Fleming,  Ph.D.     (Columbia  University 
Press.) 
Behind  the  Scenes  in  the  Reign  of  Terror,  by  Hector 

Fleischmann,  illus.,  $4.  net.     (Brentano's.) 
Makers  of  New  France,  by  Charles  Dawbarn,  illus., 

$2.50  net.     (James  Pott  &  Co.) 

Famous  Days  and  Deeds  in  Holland  and  Belgium,  by 
Charles  Morris,  illus.,  $1.25  net.  (J.  B.  Lippineott 
Co.) 

Home   University   Library,   new   vol.:      The   Ancient 
East,  by  D.  G.  Hogarth,  F.S.A.,  50  cts.  net.     (Henry 
Holt  &  Co.) 
The    Old    Spanish    Missions    of    California,   by    Paul 

Elder,  new  edition.     (Paul  Elder  &  Co.) 
Wau  Bun,  the  early  days  in  the  northwest,  by  Mrs. 
John    H.    Kinzie,    edited    and    notated    by    Nellie 
Kinzie    Gordon,    second    edition,    illus.,    $1.50    net. 
(Rand,  McNally  &  Co.) 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


221 


BOOKS  OF  VERSE. 

Songs  from  the  Clay,  by  James  Stephens. —  Spoon 
Kiver  Anthology,  by  Edgar  L.  Masters. —  The  Sis- 
tine  Eve,  and  other  poems,  by  Percy  MacKaye,  new 
edition. — A  Dome  of  Many-coloured  Glass,  by  Amy 
Lowell,  new  edition.  (Macmillan  Co.) 

War  Poems,  by  Josephine  Preston  Peabody,  Mrs. 
Lionel  Marks,  50  cts.  net. —  Some  Imagist  Poets,  an 
anthology,  75  cts.  net. —  The  Winnowing  Fan,  poems 
on  the  great  war,  by  Lawrence  Binyon,  50  cts.  net. 
—  Irradiations,  sand  and  spray,  by  John  Gould 
Fletcher,  75  cts.  net.  (Houghton  Mifflin  Co.) 

Panama,  and  other  poems,  narrative  and  occasional,  by 
Stephen  Phillips,  $1.25  net.— The  Silk-hat  Soldier, 
and  other  poems  in  war  time,  by  Eiehard  Le  Gal- 
lienne,  50  cts.  net. —  Poems  of  Emile  Verhaeren, 
selected  and  rendered  into  English  by  Alma  Strettel, 
revised  edition.  $1.  net.  (John  Lane  Co.) 

The  Man  on  the  Hilltop,  and  other  poems,  by  Arthur 
Davison  Ficke,  $1.25  net. —  Verse,  by  Vance  Thomp- 
son, with  portrait,  $1.  net. —  Processionals,  by  John 
Curtis  Underwood,  $1.  net. —  Creation,  post-impres- 
sionist poems,  by  Horace  Holley,  75  ets.  net. —  The 
New  World,  by  Witter  Bynner,  60  cts.  net.  (Mitch- 
ell Kennerley.) 

Poems,  by  Maurice  Maeterlinck,  trans,  by  Bernard 
Miall,  $1.25  net.  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.) 

The  Shoes  of  Happiness,  and  other  poems,  by  Edwin 
Markham,  $1.20  net.  (Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.) 

Poems,  by  Brian  Hooker,  M.A.,  $1.  net.  (Yale  Uni- 
versity Press.) 

North  of  Boston,  by  Robert  Frost,  $1.25  net.  (Henry 
Holt  &  Co.) 

Oxford  Garlands,  edited  by  R.  M.  Leonard,  new  vols. : 
Elegies  and  Epitaphs ;  Songs  for  Music ;  Poems  on 
Animals;  Modern  Lays  and  Ballads;  Epigrams. — 
Select  Early  English  Poems,  edited  by  J.  Gollancz, 
Vol.  II.,  The  Parliament  of  the  Three  Ages. —  Some 
Love  Songs  of  Petrarch,  trans,  by  W.  D.  Foulke. 
(Oxford  University  Press.) 

Sonnets  to  Sidney  Lanier,  and  other  lyrics,  by  Clifford 
A.  Lanier,  edited,  with  Introduction,  by  Edward 
Howard  Griggs,  75  cts.  net.  (B.  W.  Huebsch.) 

The  Poems  of  Giacomo  da  Lentimo,  edited  by  Ernest 
Felix  Langley,  Ph.D.  (Harvard  University  Press.) 

A  Sheaf  of  Roses,  by  Elizabeth  Gordon,  illus.  in  color, 
$1.  net.  (Rand,  McNally  &  Co.) 

The  Old  Times,  earlier  poems  of  James  Wbitcomb 
Riley,  $1.25  net.  (Bobbs-Merrill  Co.) 

Songs  for  Quiet  Hours,  by  Myra  Goodwin  Plantz,  50 
cts.  net.  (Methodist  Book  Concern.) 

DRAMA  AND  THE  STAGE. 

The  Theatre  of  Ideas,  a  burlesque  allegory  and  three 
one-act  plays,  by  Henry  Arthur  Jones,  $1.  net. — 
The  Lie,  by  Henry  Arthur  Jones,  $1.  net.  (George 
H.  Doran  Co.) 

The  Faithful,  by  John  Masefield. —  Children  of  Earth, 
by  Alice  Brown. —  The  Garden  of  Paradise,  by  Ed- 
ward Sheldon. —  Plaster  Saints,  by  Israel  Zangwill. 
(Macmillan  Co.) 

British  and  American  Drama  of  To-day,  by  Barrett  H. 
Clark,  $1.50  net. —  Possession,  and  other  one-act 
plays,  by  George  Middleton,  $1.35  net. —  How  to 
Produce  Children's  Plays,  by  Constance  D'Arcy 
Mackay,  $1.20  net. —  Dawn,  and  other  one-act  plays 
of  life  to-day,  by  Percival  Wilde,  $1.  net. —  Across 
the  Border,  by  Beulah  Marie  Dix,  illus.,  80  cts.  net. 
(Henry  Holt  &  Co.) 

The  Modern  Drama,  an  essay  in  interpretation,  by 
Ludwig  Lewisohn.  $1.50  net. —  Dramatic  Works  of 


Gerhart  Hauptmann,  Vol.  V.,  Symbolic  and  Legen- 
dary Dramas,  $1.50  net. —  The  Treasure,  by  David 
Pinski,  trans,  from  the  Yiddish  by  Ludwig  Lewi- 
sohn, $1.  net.  (B.  W.  Huebsch.) 

The  Chief  Contemporary  Dramatists,  by  Thomas  H. 
Dickinson. —  The  Technique  of  the  Drama,  by  George 
P.  Baker,  $2.  net. —  Paradise  Found,  a  critical  ex- 
travaganza of  Bernard  Shaw  and  his  ideas,  by  Allen 
Upward.  (Houghton  Mifflin  Co.) 

The  Modern  Drama  Series,  new  vols. :  The  Lonely 
Way,  Interlude,  and  Countess  Mizzi,  by  Arthur 
Schnitzler,  with  Introduction  by  Edwin  Bjorkman; 
Lovers,  The  Free  Woman,  and  They,  by  Maurice 
Donnay,  with  Introduction  by  Barrett  H.  Clark; 
each  $1.50  net.  (Mitchell  Kennerley.) 

Plays,  by  Bernard  Shaw. —  Plays,  by  Eugene  Brieux. 
(Brentano's.) 

Tragedies,  by  Arthur  Symons,  $1.50  net. —  The  Little 
Boy  out  of  the  Wood,  and  other  dream  plays,  by 
Kathleen  Conyngham  Greene,  $1.  net.  (John  Lane 
Co.) 

The  Drama  League  Series  of  Plays,  new  vols. :  Patrie ! 
by  Vietorien  Sardou,  trans.,  with  Introduction,  by 
Barrett  H.  Clark;  The  Thief,  by  Henry  Bernstein, 
trans,  by  John  Alan  Haughton;  each  75  cts.  net. 
(Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.) 

Plays,  by  Leonid  Andreyeff,  trans,  from  the  Russian, 
with  Introduction,  by  F.  N.  Scott  and  C.  L.  Neader, 
$1.50  net.  (Charles  Scribner's  Sons.) 

Plays  for  School  Children,  edited  by  Anna  M.  Liitken- 
haus,  with  Introduction  by  Margaret  Knox,  with 
frontispiece,  $1.25  net. —  War  Brides,  by  Marion 
Craig  Wentworth,  illus.,  50  cts.  net.  (Century  Co.) 

Plays  of  the  Pioneers,  pageant-plays  of  American  his- 
tory, by  Constance  d'Arcy  MacKay,  $1.  net.  (Har- 
per &  Brothers.) 

A  Belgian  Christmas  Eve,  the  play  "  Rada  "  rewritten 
and  enlarged,  by  Alfred  Noyes,  illus.,  $1.  net.  (F.  A. 
Stokes  Co.) 

The  King  of  the  Jews,  a  passion  play,  by  "  H.  P.," 
H.  H.  the  Grand  Duke  Contantine  of  Russia,  $1.  net. 
(Funk  &  Wagnalls  Co.) 

FICTION. 

Bealby,  by  H.  G.  Wells,  $1.35  net. —  A  Far  Country, 
by  Winston  Churchill,  $1.50  net. —  The  Harbor,  by 
Ernest  Poole,  $1.40  net. —  Brunei's  Tower,  by  Eden 
Phillpotts,  $1.50  net. —  A  Volume  of  Short  Stories, 
by  Jack  London,  $1.25  net. —  The  Hand  of  Peril,  by 
Arthur  Stringer,  $1.35  net. —  Getting  a  Wrong  Start, 
anonymous. —  The  Business  Adventures  of  Billy 
Thomas,  by  Elmer  E.  Ferris,  $1.25  net. —  Arrows 
of  the  Almighty,  by  Owen  Johnson,  new  edition, 
$1.50  net.  (Macmillan  Co.) 

A  Lover's  Tale,  by  Maurice  Hewlett,  $1.25  net. —  The 
Seven  Darlings,  by  Gouverneur  Morris,  illus.,  $1.35 
net. —  A  Great  Tradition,  by  Katharine  Fullerton 
Gerould,  $1.35  net. —  Daybreak,  a  story  of  the  age 
of  discovery,  by  Elizabeth  Miller,  $1.35  net. —  A 
Cloistered  Romance,  by  Florence  Olmstead,  $1.25 
net. —  August  First,  by  Mary  Raymond  Shipman 
Andrews  and  Roy  Irving  Murray,  $1.  net.  (Charles 
Scribner's  Sons.) 

Angela's  Business,  a  comedy  of  temporary  spinsters, 
by  Henry  Sydnor  Harrison,  illus.,  $1.35  net. —  Sun- 
down Slim,  by  Henry  Herbert  Knibbs,  illus.,  $1.35 
net. —  A  Reluctant  Adam,  by  Sidney  Williams,  with 
frontispiece,  $1.35  net. —  Katy  Gaumer,  by  Elsie 
Singmaster,  illus.,  $1.35  net. —  Doodles,  by  Emma 
C.  Dowd,  illus.  in  color,  $1.  net.  (Houghton  Mif- 
flin Co.) 


222 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


Jaffery,  by  William  J.  Locke,  illus.,  $1.35  net. —  The 
"  Genius,"  by  Theodore  Dreiser,  $1.40  net. —  Pretty 
Maids  All  in  a  Bow,  by  Justin  Huntly  McCarthy, 
$1.35  net. —  The  Chalk  Line,  by  Anne  Warwick, 
$1.25  net. —  The  Good  Soldier,  by  Ford  Madox 
Hueffer,  $1.25  net. —  A  Pillar  of  Salt,  by  Horace 
W.  C.  Newte,  $1.35  net.— The  Pearl  Fishers,  by 
H.  De  Vere  Stacpoole,  $1.30  net. —  The  Crystal 
Eood,  by  Mrs.  Howard  Gould,  illus.,  $1.25  net. — 
Madame  Barnet,  Eobes,  by  Mrs.  C.  S.  Peel,  $1.25 
net. —  Broken  Shackles,  by  John  Oxenham,  $1.25 
net.—  An  Emperor  in  the  Dock,  by  W.  de  Veer, 
$1.25  net. —  The  Novels  of  Anatole  France,  uniform 
edition,  new  vols. :  Pierre  Noziere,  trans,  by  J. 
Lewis  May;  The  Amethyst  Ring,  trans,  by  D.  Dril- 
lien;  Crainquebille,  trans,  by  Winifred  Stephens; 
each  $1.75  net;  popular-priced  edition,  new  vols.: 
Thais,  trans,  by  Winifred  Stephens ;  Penguin,  trans, 
by  A.  W.  Evans,  $1.25  net. —  Lost  Sheep,  by  Vere 
Shortt,  $1.25  net. —  Under  the  Tricolour,  by  Pierre 
Mille,  illus.  in  color,  $1.25  net. —  Destiny's  Daugh- 
ter, by  Alice  Birkhead,  $1.25  net. —  The  Auction 
Mart,  by  Sybil  Cookson,  $1.25  net. —  The  Snare,  by 
George  Vane,  $1.25  net. —  Grocer  Greatheart,  by 
Arthur  A.  Adams,  $1.25  net. —  A  Drop  in  Infinity, 
by  Gerald  Grogan,  $1.25  net. —  The  Silver  Spoon, 
by  Keble  Howard,  $1.30  net. —  Three  Lives,  by  Ger- 
trude Stein,  $1.25  net. —  Love  Birds  in  the  Coco- 
nuts, by  Peter  Blundell,  $1.25  net. —  The  Jealous 
Goddess,  by  Madge  Mears,  $1.25  net.  (John  Lane 
Co.) 

Victory,  by  Joseph  Conrad,  $1.35  net. —  Martha  of  the 
Mennonite  Country,  by  Helen  B.  Martin,  with 
frontispiece,  $1.35  net. —  Euggles  of  Eed  Gap,  by 
Harry  Leon  Wilson,  illus.,  $1.25  net. —  The  Idyl  of 
Twin  Fires,  by  Walter  Prichard  Eaton,  illus.,  $1.35 
net. —  The  Man  Who  Eocked  the  Earth,  by  Arthur 
Train,  with  frontispiece,  $1.25  net. —  The  Competi- 
tive Nephew,  by  Montague  Glass,  illus.,  $1.20  net. 
— -Dr.  Syn,  a  smuggler  tale  of  the  English  coast, 
by  Bussell  Thorndyke,  with  frontispiece,  $1.25  net. 

—  The  Double-squeeze,  by  Henry  Beach  Needham, 
with  Introduction  by  Connie  Mack,  illus.,  $1.25  net. 

—  The  Man  Who  Forgot,  by  James  Hay,  Jr.,  $1.25 
net. —  Pierrot,  Dog  of  Belgium,  by  Walter  A.  Dyer, 
illus.,  $1.   net. —  The  Love  Letters   of  a  Divorced 
Couple,   by   William   Farquhar  Payson,   $1.   net. — 
Limp  Leather  Edition  of  the  Novels  of  Ellen  Glas- 
gow, 4  vols.,  each  $1.50  net. —  The  Green  Curve,  by 
"  Ole  Luk-Oie,"  E.  D.  Swinton,  new  edition,  $1.25 
net.     (Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.) 

The  Turmoil,  by.  Booth  Tarkington,  illus.,  $1.35  net. — 
A  Dealer  in  Empire,  by  Amelia  Josephine  Burr, 
illus.,  $1.25  net.—  The  Lone  Star  Banger,  by  Zane 
Grey,  with  frontispiece,  $1.35  net. —  Empty  Pockets, 
by  Eupert  Hughes,  illus.,  $1.35  net. —  Moonglade, 
by  the  author  of  "  The  Martyrdom  of  an  Empress," 
with  frontispiece,  $1.35  net. —  Barbara's  Marriages, 
by  Maude  Badford  Warren,  with  frontispiece, 
$1.35  net. —  The  Life-builders,  by  Elizabeth 
Dejeans,  with  frontispiece,  $1.35  net. —  The  Ladder, 
by  Philip  Curtiss,  with  frontispiece,  $1.30  net. — 
Johnny  Appleseed,  by  Eleanor  Atkinson,  illus., 
$1.25  net. —  Pals  First,  by  Francis  Perry  Elliott, 
with  frontispiece,  $1.30  net. —  Bred  of  the  Desertj 
by  Marcus  Horton,  with  frontispiece,  $1.30  net. — 
The  Woman  Alone,  by  Mabel  Herbert  Urner, 
$1.25  net. —  The  Second  Odd  Number,  short  stories, 
by  Guy  de  Maupassant,  trans,  by  Charles  Henry 
White,  $1.  net. —  The  Primrose  Eing,  by  Euth  Saw- 
yer, with  frontispiece,  $1.  net. —  Limp-leather  edi- 
tion of  Mark  Twain,  24  vols.,  per  vol.  $1.75  net  and 
$1.50  net,  per  set  $37.  net.  (Harper  &  Brothers.) 


Arundel,  by  E.  F.  Benson,  $1.25  net. —  Love  in  Youth, 
by  Frank  Harris,  $1.25  net. —  The  Valley  of  Fear, 
a  Sherlock  Holmes  novel,  by  Arthur  Conan  Doyle, 
illus.,  $1.25  net. —  Eed  Fleece,  by  Will  Levington 
Comfort,  $1.25  net. —  Mushroom  Town,  by  Oliver 
Onions,  $1.25  net. —  The  Veils  of  Isis,  and  other 
stories,  by  Frank  Harris,  $1.25  net. —  The  Wooden 
Horse,  by  Hugh  Walpole,  $1.25  net. —  The  Eagle  of 
the  Empire,  by  Cyrus  Townsend  Brady,  illus.  in 
color,  etc.,  $1.25  net. —  The  Happy  Eecruit,  by  W. 
Pett  Bidge,  $1.25  net. —  Here's  to  the  Day!  by 
Charles  Agnew  MacLean  and  Frank  Blighton,  $1.25 
net. — •  The  Gentleman  Adventurer,  by  H.  C.  Bailey, 
$1.25  net. —  The  Window  in  the  Fence,  by  Harriet 
Brunkhurst,  $1.25  net. —  The  Taming  of  Zenas 
Henry,  by  Sara  Ware  Bassett,  $1.25  net.  (George 
H.  Doran  Co.) 

Who  Goes  There!  by  Eobert  W.  Chambers,  illus.  in 
color,  etc.,  $1.35  net. —  Young  Earnest,  by  Gilbert 
Cannan,  $1.35  net. —  Thankf  ul's  Inheritance,  by 
Joseph  C.  Lincoln,  illus.,  $1.35  net. —  A  Young 
Man's  Year,  by  Anthony  Hope,  illus.,  $1.35  net. — 
The  Winning  of  Lucia,  by  Amelia  E.  Barr,  illus., 
$1.35  net. —  The  Splendid  Chance,  by  Mary  Hastings 
Bradley,  illus.,  $1.30  net. —  The  Haunted  Heart,  by 
Agnes  and  Edgerton  Castle,  illus.,  $1.35  net. —  Felix 
Tells  It,  by  Lucy  Pratt,  illus.,  $1.25  net. —  C.  O.  D., 
by  Natalie  S.  Lincoln,  illus.,  $1.30  net. —  The  Man 
from  Home,  by  Harry  Leon  Wilson,  novelized  from 
the  play  by  Booth  Tarkington  and  Harry  Leon 
Wilson,  illus.,  $1.35  net. —  The  Little  Missioner,  by 
Nina  Wilcox  Putnam,  illus.,  $1.30  net. —  The  Girl 
at  Central,  by  Geraldine  Bonner,  illus.,  $1.30  net. — 
Eed  Poppies,  by  Margarete  Miinsterberg,  $1.25  net. 

—  The  Princess  Cecilia,  by  Elmer  Davis,  illus.,  $1.30 
net.- — •  The  Mystery  of  Lucien  Delorme,  by  Guy  de 
Teramond,  trans,  from  the  French  by  Mary  J.  Saf- 
ford,  illus.,  $1.25  net.     (D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

The  House  of  the  Misty  Star,  by  Fannie  Caldwell 
Macaulay,  Frances  Little,  illus.,  $1.25  net. — 
Through  Stained  Glass,  by  George  A.  Chamberlain, 
$1.30  net. —  The  Sword  of  Youth,  by  James  Lane 
Allen,  illus.,  $1.25  net. —  Pepper,  by  "  Holworthy 
Hall,"  Harold  E.  Porter,  $1.30  net.— Billie's 
Mother,  by  Mary  -J.  H.  Skrine,  with  frontispiece, 
$1.35  net. —  Diantha,  by  Juliet  Wilbor  Tompkins, 
with  frontispiece,  $1.25  net. —  A  Eussian  Comedy 
of  Errors,  and  other  stories  and  sketches  of  Eus- 
sian life,  by  George  Kennan,  $1.25  net. —  The 
Brocklebank  Eiddle,  by  Hubert  Wales,  $1.30  net. 
(Century  Co.) 

The  Pretender,  a  story  of  the  Latin  Quarter,  by  Bobert 
W.  Service,  $1.35  net. —  Loneliness?  by  Bobert 
Hugh  Benson,  $1.35  net. —  Sinister  Island,  by 
Charles  Wadsworth  Camp,  illus.,  $1.25  net. —  The 
Biddle  of  the  Sands,  by  Erskine  Childers,  $1.35  net. 

—  The  House  of  Merrilees,  by  Archibald  Marshall, 
$1.35  net.     (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.) 

A  Girl  of  the  Blue  Bidge,  by  Payne  Erskine,  with 
frontispiece,  $1.35  net. —  Mary  Moreland,  by  Marie 
Van  Vorst,  with  frontispiece,  $1.35  net. —  Sheep's 
Clothing,  by  Louis  Joseph  Vance,  illus.,  $1.25  net. 

—  The  Flying  U's  Last  Stand,  by  B.  M.  Bower,  with 
frontispiece,   $1.30   net. —  Homeburg   Memories,  by 
George   Fitch,  illus.,   $1.25   net. —  A   Siren   of   the 
Snows,  by   Stanley   Shaw,   with   frontispiece,   $1.30 
net. —  The   Bun   of   the   Desert,   by   Ada   Woodruff 
Anderson,  with  frontispiece,  $1.35  net. —  The  Tam- 
ing of  Amorette,  by  Anne  Warner,  illus.,  $1.  net. 
—  Amarilly    of    Clothes-line    Alley,    by    Belle    K. 
Maniates,  illus.,  $1.  net.     (Little,  Brown  &  Co.) 

Miranda,  by  Grace  L.  H.  Lutz,  illus.  in  color,  $1.25 
net. —  The  White  Alley,  by  Carolyn  Wells,  with 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


223 


frontispiece,  $1.25  net. —  The  Diary  of  a  Beauty,  by 
Molly  Elliot  Seawell,  illus.,  $1.25  net.— The  Dusty 
Eoad,  by  Therese  Tyler,  with  frontispiece,  $1.25  net. 

—  The  Woman  in  the  Car,  by  Eichard  Marsh,  $1.35 
net. —  The  Eomances  of  Amosis  Ea,  by  Frederick 
Thurstan,   $1.35   net. —  The   Eose-garden   Husband, 
by  Margaret  Widdemer,  illus.,  $1.  net. —  The  Final 
Verdict,  six  stories  of  men  and  women,  by  Sidney  L. 
Nyburg,  $1.  net.     (J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.) 

Fidelity,  by  Susan  Glaspell,  illus.,  $1.35  net. —  The 
Bed  Geranium,  by  William  Carleton,  illus.,  $1.35 
net. —  The  Lady  Aft,  by  Eichard  Matthews  Hallet, 
illus.,  $1.35  net. — •  Five  Fridays,  by  Frank  E.  Adams, 
illus.,  $1.25  net.  (Small,  Maynard  &  Co.) 

The  Man  of  Iron,  by  "  Eichard  Dehan,"  $1.35  net. — 
The  Secret  of  the  Eeef,  by  Harold  Bindloss,  with 
frontispiece  in  color,  $1.30  net. —  Still  Jim,  by 
Honore  Willsie,  illus.,  $1.35  net.  (F.  A.  Stokes  Co.) 

The  Honey  Bee,  by  Samuel  Merwin,  illus.,  $1.35  net. 
— •  Happy  Pollyooly,  by  Edgar  Jepson,  illus.,  $1.25 
net. —  The  Cheerful  Blackguard,  by  Eoger  Pocock, 
$1.35  net. —  John  the  Fool,  by  Charles  Tenney  Jack- 
son, illus.,  $1.25  net. —  Lieutenant  What's- His- 
Name,  by  Jacques  Futrelle,  elaborated  by  May 
Futrelle,  illus.,  $1.25  net. —  The  Voice  in  the  Fog, 
by  Harold  MacGrath,  illus.,  75  cts.  net.  (Bobbs- 
Merrill  Co.) 

The  Eeturn  of  Tarzan,  by  Edgar  Eiee  Burroughs, 
illus.,  $1.30  net. —  The  Boss  of  the  Lazy  Y,  by 
Charles  Alden  Seltzer,  illus.,  $1.30  net. —  Bram  of 
the  Five  Corners,  by  Arnold  Mulder,  $1.25  net. — 
The  Conscience  of  Sarah  Platt,  by  Alice  Gersten- 
berg,  $1.25  net. —  Her  Majesty  the  King,  by  James 
•  Jeffrey  Eoehe,  new  edition,  illus.,  $1.  net. —  Breath 
of  the  Jungle,  by  James  Francis  Dwyer,  illus.,  $1.25 
net.  (A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.) 

Mountain  Blood,  by  Joseph  Hergesheimer,  $1.35  net. 

—  Waiting,  by  Gerald  O'Donovan,  $1.40  net. —  One 
Man,  by  Eobert  Steele,  $1.50  net. —  Fifty-one  Tales, 
by  Lord  Dunsany,  $1.25  net. —  The  Primal  Law,  by 
Isabel  Ostrander,  $1.35  net. —  Elbow  Lane,  by  the 
author    of    "  Altogether    Jane,"    $1.25    net. —  The 
Crayon  Clue,  by  Minnie  J.  Eeynolds,  $1.35  net. — 
Eailroad  Novels,  new  vols. :     Can  a  Man  Be  True? 
by  Winifred  Graham;    The  Thousand  Secrets,  by 
John  Selborne;     each  $1.  net.      (Mitchell  Kenner- 

ley.) 

Prince  and  Heretic,  by  Marjorie  Bowen,  $1.35  net. — 
Lovers  in  Exile,  by  Baroness  von  Heyking,  $1.35  net. 

—  Jean  Baptiste,  by  James  E.  Eossignol,  $1.50  net. 
— King  Jack,  by  Keighley  Snowden,  $1.35  net. — 
A   Green   Englishman,   by   S.    Macnaughtan,    $1.35 
net. —  The  Little   Mother   Who   Sits  at   Home,  by 
Countess  Barcynska,  $1.  net.     (E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.) 

Guim6,  by  Walter  Elwood,  with  frontispiece, 
$1.35  net. —  The  Vale  of  Illusion,  by  Lorraine  Cat- 
lin  Brower,  illus.,  $1.25  net.  (Eeilly  &  Britton.) 

The  Keeper  of  the  Door,  by  Ethel  M.  Dell,  $1.35  net. — 
Patricia,  by  Edith  H.  Fowler,  $1.35  net. —  On  the 
Fighting  Line,  by  Constance  Smedley,  $1.35  net. 
(G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.) 

Blue  Blood  and  Eed,  by  Geoffrey  Corson,  $1.35  net. — 
Hillsboro  People,  by  Dorothy  Canfield,  $1.35  net. — 
Little  Comrade,  a  story  of  the  great  war,  by  Burton 
E.  Stevenson,  $1.20  net.  (Henry  Holt  &  Co.) 

The  House  of  Many  Mirrors,  by  Violet  Hunt,  $1.35 
net. —  On  Desert  Altars,  by  Norma  Lorimer,  $1.35 
net. —  A  Wife  out  of  Egypt,  new  edition,  $1.35  net. 

—  Lotus  Library,  new  vols. :     The  Children  of  Al- 
sace, by  Eene  Bazin;    Life's  Last  Gift,  by  Louise 
de  Eobert;    The  Desire  of  Life,  by  Matilde  Seras; 
The  Dream,  by  Emile  Zola ;   Woman  of  the  Hill,  by 


Une   Circasienne. — Uniform   Edition   of   the   Early 
Novels  of  George  Moore,  new  vols.:      Confessions 
of  a  Young  Man;    A  Mummer's  Wife;    each  $1.35 
net.     (Brentano's.) 
A  Child  at  the  Window,  by  William  Hewlett,  $1.25  net. 

—  The   Edge,   by   John   Corbin,   with   frontispiece, 
$1.35  net. —  The  Kiss  of  Apollo,  by  Martha  G.  D. 
Bianchi,  $1.35  net. —  It  Pays  to  Advertise,  a  com- 
edy, by  Eoi  Cooper  Megrue  and  Walter  Haekett, 
novelized  by  Samuel  Field,  illus.,  $1.25  net. —  Acci- 
dentals, by  Helen  Mackay,  $1.25  net. —  The  Curse 
of  Castle  Eagle,  by  Katharine  Tynan,  $1.25  net. — 
The  Will  to  Live,  by  Henry  Bordeaux,  trans,  from 
the  French  by  Pitts  Duffield,  75  cts.  net.     (Duffield 
&  Co.) 

Allan  and  the  Holy  Flower,  by  Sir  Eider  Haggard, 
$1.35  net. —  The  Graves  at  Kilmorna,  by  Canon 
Sheehan,  $1.35  net.  (Longmans,  Green  &  Co.) 

"  Time  o'  Day,"  by  Doris  Egerton  Jones,  $1.25  net. 

—  "A  Sister  to  Assist  'Er,"  novelized  from  the  play 
by  John  LeBreton,  50  cts.  net.     (George  W.  Jacobs 
Co.) 

Wolfine,  anonymous,  $1.35  net. —  Pillars  of  Smoke, 
manuscripts  found  in  the  papers  of  Katherine  Pesh- 
conet,  anonymous,  new  edition,  $1.25  net.  (Sturgis 
&  Walton  Co.) 

Shorty  McCabe  on  the  Job,  by  Sewell  Ford,  $1.25  net. 

—  Life,  a  novelization  of  a  play  by  Thompson  Bu- 
chanan,  $1.25   net. —  Sinners,   a   novelization   of  a 
play  by  Owen  Davis,  $1.25  net. —  A  Perfect  Lady, 
a  novelization  of  a  play  by  Channing  Pollock  and 
Eennold  Wolf,  $1.25  net.     (Edward  J.  Clode.) 

The  Seas  of  God,  anonymous,  illus.,  $1.35  net.—  The 
Enemy,  by  George  Eandolph  and  Lillian  Chester, 
illus.,  $1.35  net. —  The  Cocoon,  by  Euth  McEnery 
Stuart,  illus.,  $1.  net. —  The  Unknown  Country,  by 
Coningsby  Dawson,  illus.,  50  cts.  net.  (Hearst's 
International  Library  Co.) 

The  Honor  of  His  House,  by  Andrew  Soutar, 
$1.25  net. —  Come-on  Charley,  by  Thomas  Addison, 
$1.25  net. —  The  Highgrader,  by  William  MacLeod 
Eaine,  illus.,  $1.25  net. — A  Man's  Code,  by  W.  B.  M. 
Ferguson,  $1.25  net. —  Grouchy,  by  Arthur  Horn- 
blow,  illus.,  $1.25  net. —  The  Voice  of  the  Heart,  by 
Margaret  Blake,  new  edition,  illus.,  $1.25  net.  (G. 
W.  Dillingham  Co.) 

Marriage  by  Conquest,  by  Warwick  Deeping,  with 
frontispiece,  $1.25  net.  (McBride,  Nast  &  Co.) 

The  Light  on  the  Hill,  by  Martha  S.  Gielow,  illus., 
$1.  net.  (Fleming  H.  Eevell  Co.) 

Contrary  Mary,  by  Temple  Bailey,  illus.,  $1.25  net. 
(Penn  Publishing  Co.) 

Molly,  by  Jean  Louise  de  Forest,  illus.,  $1.25  net. — 
(Sully  &  Kleinteich.) 

The  Beloved,  by  James  Oppenheim,  $1.25  net.  (B.  W. 
Huebsch.) 

The  Heart  of  Uncle  Terry,  by  Charles  Clark  Munn, 
illus.,  $1.25  net.  (Lothrop,  Lee  &  Shepard  Co.) 

TRAVEL  AND  DESCRIPTION. 

A  History  of  Travel  in  America,  by  Seymour  Dunbar, 
4  vols.,  illus.,  $10.  net.  (Bobbs-Merrill  Co.) 

The  Home  of  the  Blizzard,  the  story  of  the  Australian- 
Antarctic  Expedition  of  1911  to  1914,  by  Sir  Douglas 
Mawson,  2  vols.,  illus.,  $9.  net. —  The  Old  East  India- 
men,  by  E.  Keble  Chatterton,  illus.,  $3.  net. —  Nature 
Notes  for  Ocean  Voyagers,  by  Alfred  Carpenter  and 
D.  Wilson-Barker,  illus.,  $1.75  net.  (J.  B.  Lippin- 
cott Co.) 

The  California  Padres,  and  their  missions,  by  J. 
Smeaton  Chase  and  Charles  Francis  Saunders,  illus., 


224 


THE   DIAL 


$2.50  net. —  The  Rocky  Mountain  Wonderland,  by 
Enos  A.  Mills,  illus.,  $1.75  net.  (Houghton  Mif- 
flin  Co.) 

The  Rediscovered  Country,  by  Stewart  Edward  White, 
illus.,  $2.  net. —  An  Essay  on  the  Civilizations  of 
India,  China,  and  Japan,  by  G.  Lowes  Dickinson, 
60  cts.  net.  (Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.) 

Bruges,  a  record  and  an  impression,  by  Mary  Stratton, 
illus.,  $2.  net. —  Murray's  Handbook  for  Travellers 
in  Japan,  by  Basil  Hall  Chamberlain  and  W.  B. 
Mason,  revised  and  cheaper  edition,  $5.  net. —  The 
Panama  Gateway,  by  Joseph  Bueklin  Bishop,  revised 
edition,  $1.50  net.  (Charles  Scribner's  Sons.) 

In  the  Oregon  Country,  by  George  Palmer  Putnam, 
with  Introduction  by  James  Withycombe,  illus. 
(G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.) 

South  of  Panama,  by  Edward  Alsworth  Ross,  illus., 
$2.40  net.  (Century  Co.) 

With  the  Tin  Gods,  a  journey  to  Northern  Nigeria  in 
search  of  tin,  by  Mrs.  Horace  Tremlett,  illus.,  $3.50 
net. —  A  Pilgrim's  Scrip,  by  R.  Campbell  Thompson, 
illus.,  $3.50  net. —  Lane's  Continental  Green  Books, 
edited  by  Villiers  Barnett,  3  vols.,  each  illus.  in  color, 
etc.,  per  vol.,  $1.  net.  (John  Lane  Co.) 

Blue  Ribbon  Roads,  the  ideal  tour  of  France,  by 
Francis  Miltoun,  illus.,  $2.  net.  (Sturgis  &  Walton 
Co.) 

Through  Central  Africa,  from  coast  to  coast,  by  James 
Barnes,  illus.,  $4.  net. —  Hand  Books  of  South  Amer- 
ica, new  vols. :  Argentina  and  Chile,  by  G.  J.  Mills, 
each  illus.,  per  vol.,  $1.50  net.  (D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

California  the  Wonderful,  by  Edwin  Markham,  illus., 
$2.50  net. —  Four  on  a  Tour  in  England,  by  Robert 
and  Elizabeth  Shackleton,  illus.,  $2.50  net.  (Hearst's 
International  Library  Co.) 

Peaks  and  Precipices,  scrambles  in  the  Dolomites  and 
Savoy,  by  Guido  Rey,  trans,  from  the  Italian  by 
J.  E.  C.  Eaton,  illus.,  $3.50  net.  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.) 

A  Freelance  in  Kashmir,  by  George  F.  MacMunn,  $1.50 

net.     (E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.) 
Friendly  Russia,  by  Denis  Garstin,  with  Introduction 

by    H.    G.    Wells,    $1.25    net.— Guide   to    National 

Parks  of  America,  edited  by  Edward  Frank  Allen, 

$1.  net.     (McBride,  Nast  &  Co.) 

Highways  and  Byways  of  California,  by  Clifton  John- 
son, Exposition  edition,  illus. —  The  Picturesque 
Hudson,  by  Clifton  Johnson,  new  edition,  illus. — 
India,  its  life  and  thought,  by  John  P.  Jones,  new 
edition,  illus.  (Macmillan  Co.) 

Sketches  in  Poland,  by  Frances  Delanoy  Little,  illus. 
in  color,  $2.50  net.  (F.  A.  Stokes  Co.) 

By-ways  around  San  Francisco  Bay,  by  William  E. 
Hutchinson,  illus.,  $1.  net.  (Methodist  Book  Con- 
cern.) 

Historical  Geography  of  South  Africa,  by  Sir  Charles 
Lucas,  K.C.B. —  Oxford  County  Histories,  new  vol. : 
Leicestershire,  by  C.  E.  Kelsey.  (Oxford  University 
Press.) 

Gleanings  from  Chinese  Folklore,  stories  of  life  in 
China,  by  Nellie  N.  Russell,  illus.,  $1.  net.  (Flem- 
ing H.  Revell  Co.) 

Isles  in  Summer  Seas,  Beautiful  Bermuda,  by  J.  Law 
Redman,  new  edition,  $1.50  net.  (G.  W.  Dilling- 
ham  Co.) 

The  Yellowstone  National  Park,  by  Hiram  M.  Chitten- 
den,  revised  edition,  illus.,  $1.75  net.  (Stewart  & 
Kidd  Co.) 


PUBLIC  AFFAIRS.— SOCIOLOGY,  ECO- 
NOMICS, AND  POLITICS. 

Russia  and  the  World,  by  Stephen  Graham,  illus. — 
America  and  Her  Problems,  by  Paul  Benjamin 
D'Estournelles  de  Constant. —  Standardizing  the 
Dollar,  by  Irving  Fisher. —  Commercial  Work  and 
Training  for  Girls,  by  Jeanette  Eaton  and  Bertha  M. 
Stevens,  illus. — •  The  Citizen's  Library,  edited  by 
Richard  T.  Ely,  first  vols.:  The  Progressive  Move- 
ment, by  Benjamin  P.  De  Witt,  LL.B. ;  The  Wealth 
and  Income  of  the  People  of  the  United  States,  by 
Willf  ord  I.  King,  Ph.D. ;  American  Municipal  Prog- 
ress, by  Charles  iZueblin,  new  and  enlarged  edition : 
Social  Evolution,  by  Benjamin  Kidd,  new  edition. 
(Macmillan  Co.) 

Democracy  of  the  Constitution,  by  Henry  Cabot  Lodge, 
$1.50  net. —  The  City,  the  hope  of  democracy,  by 
Frederic  C.  Howe,  cheaper  edition,  $1.  net.  (Charles 
Scribner's  Sons.) 

Essays  in  Social  Justice,  by  Thomas  Nixon  Carver. 
LL.D.,  $2.  net. —  Some  Aspects  of  the  Tariff  Ques- 
tion, by  Frank  William  Taussig,  Ph.D.,  $1.75  net. 
—  The  Trust  Problem,  by  E.  Dana  Durand,  Ph.D., 
$1.25  net. —  The  Development  of  the  English  Corn 
Market  from  the  Twelfth  to  the  Eighteenth  Century, 
by  Norman  Scott  Brien  Gras,  Ph.D. —  Some  Prob- 
lems in  Marketing  Distribution,  by  Arch  Wilkinson 
ShaAV,  A.M.,  $1.  net.  (Harvard  University  Press.) 

The  American  Books,  first  vols. :  The  American  Navy, 
by  French  E.  Chadwiek;  The  American  College,  by 
Isaac  Sharpless;  Municipal  Freedom,  by  Oswald 
Ryan;  The  American  Indian,  by  Charles  A.  East- 
man; The  Cost  of  Living,  by  Fabian  Franklin;  A 
History  of  American  Literature,  by  Leon  Kellner; 
per  vol.,  60  cts.  net.  (Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.) 

Citizens  in  Industry,  by  Charles  Richmond  Henderson, 
$1.50  net. —  Life  Insurance,  by  Solomon  S.  Huebner. 
illus.,  $2.  net. —  The  City  Manager,  by  Harry  Aubrey 
Toulmin,  Jr.,  J.D.,  $1.50  net. —  Lower  Living  Costs 
in  Cities,  by  Clyde  Lyndon  King,  Ph.D.,  $1.50  net. 
(D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

The  Political  Science  of  John  Adams,  a  study  in  the 
theory  of  mixed  government  and  the  bicameral  sys- 
tem, by  Correa  Moylan  Walsh,  $2.25  net. —  The  Mon- 
roe Doctrine,  national  or  international,  by  William 
I.  Hull,  $1.  net. —  Out  of  Work,  a  study  of  unem- 
ployment in  America  with  a  programme  for  dealing 
with  it,  by  Frances  A.  Kellor,  $1.50  net.  (G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons.) 

Undercurrents  in  American  Politics,  by  Arthur  Twin- 
ing Hadley,  LL.D. —  Municipal  Citizenship,  by 
George  McAneny,  $1.15  net. —  Ethics  in  Service,  by 
William  H.  Taft,  $1.  net.  (Yale  University  Press.) 

Reflections  on  Violence,  by  Georges  Sorel,  trans,  by 
T.  E.  Hulme,  $2.25  net. —  The  Happiness  of  Nations, 
a  beginning  in  political  engineering,  by  James  Mac- 
Kaye,  $1.25  net. —  Government  for  the  People,  by 
Thomas  H.  Reed,  $1.50  net.  (B.  W.  Huebsch.) 

Socialism  as  the  Sociological  Ideal,  a  broader  basis  for 
socialism,  by  Floyd  J.  Melvin,  $1.25  net. —  The  Or- 
thocratic  State,  a  study  in  civics  and  civil  govern- 
ment, by  John  Sherwin  Crosby,  $1.  net.  (Sturgis  & 
Walton  Co.) 

Conciliation  and  Arbitration  in  the  Coal  Industry  of 
America,  by  Arthur  E.  Suffern,  $2.  net. —  Welfare 
as  an  Economic  Quantity,  by  G.  P.  Watkins,  $1.50 
net. — •  The  Canadian  Iron  and  Steel  Industry,  by 
W.  J.  A.  Donald.  (Houghton  Mififlin  Co.) 

History  of  American  Diplomacy,  by  Carl  Russell  Fish, 
$1.75  net. —  Home  University  Library,  new  vol. : 
The  Negro,  by  W.  E.  Burghardt  Du  Bois,  50  cts. 
net.  (Henry  Holt  &  Co.) 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


225 


Political  Ideals,  by  C.  Delisle  Burns. —  Aboriginal  Si- 
beria, a  study  in  social  anthropology,  by  M.  A.  Cza- 
plicka,  illus.  (Oxford  University  Press.) 

The  Field  of  Social  Service,  edited  by  Philip  Davis, 
illus.,  $1.25  net. —  Streetland,  by  Philip  Davis,  illus., 
$1.35  net. —  A  Message  to  the  Middle  Class,  by  Sey- 
mour Deming,  50  cts.  net.  (Small,  Maynard  &  Co.) 

The  National  Social  Science  Series,  edited  by  Frank 
L.  McVey.  LL.D.,  new  vols. :  The  Cost  of  Living, 
by  Walter  E.  Clark;  Trusts  and  Competition,  by 
John  F.  Crowell;  each  50  cts.  net.  (A.  C.  McClurg 
&  Co.) 

European  Police  Systems,  by  Raymond  B.  Fosdick, 
illus.,  $1.30  net.  (Century  Co.) 

America  in  Ferment,  by  Paul  Leland  Haworth,  $1.50 
net.  (Bobbs-Merrill  Co.) 

The  Conquering  Jew,  by  John  Foster  Fraser,  $1.50  net. 
(Funk  &  Wagnalls  Co.) 

Problems  of  Community  Life,  an  outline  of  applied 
sociology,  by  Seba  Eldridge,  $1.  net.  (Thomas  Y. 
Crowell  Co.) 

Railroads,  finance  and  organization,  by  W.  Z.  Ripley, 
$3.  net.  (Longmans,  Green  &  Co.) 

The  Emancipation  of  the  American  City,  the  ways  and 
means  to  municipal  home  rule,  by  Walter  Tallmadge 
Arndt,  $1.  net.  (Duffield  &  Co.) 

The  Story  of  Bethlehem  Hospital,  by  Edward  Geoffrey 
O'Donoghue,  illus.,  $5.  net.  (E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.) 

The  Essence  and  the  Ethics  of  Politics,  by  S.  Arthur 
Cook,  $1.25  net. —  The  Liquor  Problem,  edited  by 
Norman  E.  Richardson,  50  cts.  net.  (Methodist 
Book  Concern.) 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Sociological  Society,  by 
Scott  E.  W.  Bedford,  Vol.  IX.,  $1.50  net.  (Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  Press.) 

Neighbors,  by  Herbert  Kaufman,  75  cts.  net. —  Why  I 
Am  a  Socialist,  by  Charles  Edward  Russell,  new  edi- 
tion, 50  cts.  net.  (George  H.  Doran  Co.) 

THE  GREAT  WAR  — ITS  HISTORY,  PROB- 
LEMS, AND  CONSEQUENCES. 

America  and  the  World-state,  a  plea  for  American 
leadership  in  international  organization,  by  "  Nor- 
man Angell,"  $1.25  net. —  Germany,  France,  Russia, 
and  Islam,  some  essays  of  Treitschke  now  first  trans- 
lated into  English,  $1.50  net. —  The  Origins  of  the 
War,  by  J.  Holland  Rose,  Litt.D. —  Can  Germany 
Win?  by  "  An  American,"  $1.  net. —  The  Great  Illu- 
sion, by  "  Norman  Angell,"  fourth  edition,  revised 
with  additional  material,  $1.  net. —  Arms  and  Indus- 
try, by  "  Norman  Angell,"  second  edition,  $1.25  net. 
—  The  Evidence  in  the  Case,  by  James  M.  Beck, 
with  Introduction  by  Joseph  Choate,  revised  edition, 
$1.  net.  (G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.) 

The  Belgian  Spirit,  by  Emile  Verhaeren. — The  Road  to 
Peace,  by  C.  W.  Eliot. — Four  Weeks  in  the  Trenches, 
by  Fritz  Kreisler. —  The  War  and  Business,  by 
C.  W.  Barren. —  Are  We  Ready?  by  H.  D.  Wheeler, 
with  letter  by  Leonard  Wood,  illus.,  $1.50  net. —  The 
Diplomacy  of  the  War  of  1914,  the  beginning  of 
the  war,  by  E.  C.  Stowell.  (Houghton  Mifflin  Co.) 

Pan-Americanism,  a  forecast  of  the  inevitable  clash 
between  the  United  States  and  Europe's  victor,  by 
Roland  G.  Usher,  $2.  net. —  The  War's  Background, 
by  Samuel  P.  Orth,  illus.,  $2.  net. —  The  World 
Crisis,  and  Beyond,  by  Edwin  Davies  Schoonmaker, 
$2.  net. —  Arms  and  the  Race,  difficulties  in  the  way 
of  disarmament,  by  R.  M.  Johnston,  $1.  net.  (Cen- 
tury Co.) 

The  Origins  and  Destiny  of  Imperial  Britain  and  Nine- 
teenth Century  Europe,  by  J.  A.  Cramb,  $1.50  net. — 


War  and  Lombard  Street,  by  Hartley  Withers,  $1.25 
net. —  Modern  Germany,  by  J.  Ellis  Barker,  revised 
and  enlarged  edition,  $3.  net.  (E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.) 

The  Glory  of  Belgium,  by  W.  L.  Bruckman,  illus.  in 
color,  $5.  net. —  Paths  of  Glory,  impressions  of  war 
written  at  and  near  the  front,  by  Irvin  S.  Cobb, 
$1.50  net.  (George  H.  Doran  Co.) 

German  World  Policies,  by  Paul  Rohrbach,  trans,  from 
the  German  by  Edmund  von  Mach.  (Maemillan 
Co.) 

War's  New  Weapons,  by  Baron  Hrolf  von  Dewitz,  with 
Introduction  by  Hudson  Maxim,  illus.,  $1.50  net. — 
The  Appetite  of  Tyranny,  by  Gilbert  K.  Chesterton, 
$1.  net. —  The  Making  of  the  War,  by  Sir  Gilbert 
Parker,  $1.  net. —  At  the  Furthest  Point,  by  Robert 
Dunn,  illus.,  $1.25  net.  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.) 

The  Great  War,  the  second  phase,  from  the  fall  of 
Antwerp  to  April,  1915,  by  Frank  H.  Simonds,  with 
maps,  $1.25  net. —  The  Great  War,  the  first  phase, 
from  the  assassination  of  the  Archduke  to  the  fall 
of  Antwerp,  by  Frank  H.  Simonds,  revised  edition, 
with  maps,  $1.25  net.  (Mitchell  Kennerley.) 

Germany  Embattled,  by  Oswald  Garrison  Villard,  $1. 
net. —  The  Present  Military  Situation  in  the  United 
States,  by  Francis  Vinton  Greene,  75  cts.  net. —  Our 
Navy  and  the  Next  War,  by  Robert  W.  Neeser,  $1. 
net.  (Charles  Scribner's  Sons.) 

King  Albert's  Book,  a  tribute  to  the  Belgian  king  and 
people  from  over  two  hundred  representative  men 
and  women  throughout  the  world,  $1.50  net,  gift 
edition  $5.  net. —  Modern  Warfare,  by  Henry  Smith 
Williams,  LL.D.,  Illus.,  $2.  net. —  Defenseless 
America.,  by  Hudson  Maxim,  illus.,  $2.  net. 
(Hearst's  International  Library  Co.) 

Airmen  in  the  Great  War,  by  Grahame  White  and 
Harry  Harper,  illus.,  $2.  net. —  Germany's  Isolation, 
an  exposition  of  the  Economic  Causes  of  the  War, 
by  Paul  Rohrbach,  trans,  from  the  German  by  Paul 
H.  Phillipson,  Ph.D.,  75  cts.  net. —  Six  Weeks  at 
the  War,  by  Millicent  Duchess  of  Sutherland,  illus., 
50  cts.  net.  (A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.) 

What  I  Found  Out  in  the  House  of  a  German  Prince, 
by  an  English-American  governess,  $1.25  net. — 
Stultitia,  a  book  on  our  defence  problem,  by  a  for- 
mer government  official,  $1.  net.  (F.  A.  Stokes  Co.) 

The  Nations  of  the  War  Series,  edited  by  L.  G.  Red- 
mond-Howard, first  vols.:  France  and  the  French 
People;  Russia  and  the  Russian  People;  Germany 
and  the  German  People;  Japan  and  the  Japanese 
People;  Belgium  and  the  Belgian  People;  Austria 
and  the  Austrian  People;  per  vol.,  50  cts.  net. 
(Sully  &  Kleinteieh.) 

Historical  Backgrounds  of  the  Great  War,  its  origin 
and  warnings,  by  Frank  J.  Adkins,  M.A.,  $1.  net. — 
The  War  Book  of  the  German  General  Staff,  trans, 
with  Introduction  and  notes,  by  J.  H.  Morgan,  M.A., 
$1.  net.  (McBride,  Nast  &  Co.) 

Studies  of  the  Great  War,  what  each  nation  has  at 
stake,  by  Newell  Dwight  Hillis,  D.D.,  $1.  net.— The 
Fight  for  Peace,  by  Sidney  L.  Gulick,  $1.  net. — The 
Last  War,  moral  and  economic  effects,  by  Frederick 
Lynch,  D.D.,  75  cts.  net. —  Christ  or  Napoleon, 
Which?  the  cure  for  militarism  and  church  division, 
by  Peter  Ainslie,  50  cts.  net.  (Fleming  H.  Revell 
Co.) 

A  Textbook  of  the  War  for  Americans,  by  J.  M. 
White,  Ph.D.,  $1.  net.  (John  C.  Winston  Co.) 

The  American  Army,  by  William  Harding  Carter,  with 
portrait,  $1.50  net.  (Bobbs-Merrill  Co.) 

Deeds  That  Will  Never  Die,  a  series  of  stories  of  hero- 
ism in  the  present  war,  by  John  Foster  Fraser,  75 
cts.  net.  (Funk  &  Wagnalls  Co.) 


226 


THE   DIAL 


[March  18 


European  Rulers,  their  modern  significance,  by  Arthur 

E.  Bestor,  illus.,  $1.50  net.      (Thomas  Y.  Crowell 
Co.) 

War  and  the  Ideal  of  Peace,  a  study  of  those  charac- 
teristics of  man  that  result  in  war  and  the  means 
by  which  they  may  be  controlled,  by  Henry  Eutgers 
Marshall,  L.H.D.,  $1.25  net.  (Duffield  &  Co.) 

The  Campaign  in  France,  by  G.  H.  Ferris,  $2.50  net. 
(Henry  Holt  &  Co.) 

How  Belgium  Saved  Europe,  by  Charles  Sarolea,  $1. 
net.  (J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.) 

War  and  World  Government,  by  Frank  Crane,  $1.  net. 
(John  Lane  Co.) 

While  the  War  Eages,  appraisals  of  some  moral  assets 
of  the  present  war,  by  Henry  A.  Stimson,  50  cts.  net. 
(Methodist  Book  Concern.) 

The  New  (German)  Testament,  by  Anthony  Hope  Haw- 
kins, 50  ets.  net.  (D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

ART,   ARCHITECTURE,   ARCHEOLOGY, 
AND  MUSIC. 

The  Wagnerian  Drama,  by  Houston  Stewart  Chamber- 
lain, trans,  by  George  Dunning  Gribble,  $1.50  net. — 
The  Studio  Year-book  of  Decorative  Art,  1915,  illus., 
cloth  $3.  net,  paper  $2.50  net. —  Sketches  by  Samuel 
Prout  in  France,  Belgium,  Germany,  Italy,  and 
Switzerland,  special  winter  number  of  "  The  Studio," 
1914  and  1915,  illus.  in  color,  etc.,  cloth  $3.  net, 
paper  $2.50  net. —  What  Pictures  to  See  in  America, 
by  Mrs.  L.  M.  Bryant,  illus.,  $1.50  net. —  The  Home 
Artistic,  by  Henry  Blackman  Sell  and  Maud  Ann 
Sell,  illus.  in  color,  etc.,  $1.  net.  (John  Lane  Co.) 

Batsford's  Library  of  Decorative  Art,  comprising: 
Decoration  in  England,  from  1660  to  1760,  by  Fran- 
cis Lenygon,  illus.  in  color,  etc.,  $16.  net ;  Furniture 
in  England,  from  1660  to  1760,  by  Francis  Lenygon, 
illus.  in  color,  etc.,  $16.  net;  Tapestry  Weaving  in 
England,  from  the  earliest  times  to  the  end  of  the 
18th  century,  by  W.  C.  Thompson,  illus.  in  color, 
etc.,  $12.  net. —  Outdoor  Sketching,  by  F.  Hopkin- 
son  Smith,  illus.  in  color,  etc.,  $1.  net. —  Camp  Craft, 
a  practical  work  on  woodcraft,  by  Warren  H.  Miller, 
illus.,  $1.50  net.  (Charles  Scribner's  Sons.) 

The  Consort  of  Music,  a  study  in  interpretation  and  en- 
semble, by  J.  A.  Fuller-Maitland. —  The  Beginnings 
of  Buddhist  Art,  by  A.  Foucher,  trans,  by  L.  A.  and 

F.  W.  Thomas. —  Reproductions  of  the  Ajanta  Fres- 
coes, after  Lady  Herringham's  copies,  with  plates  in 
color,  etc. —  Court  Hand,  by  Hilary  Jenkinson  and 
Charles  Johnson,  2  vols.,  illus. —  The  Development 
of   Arabic   Numerals   in   Europe,    exhibited   in   64 
tables,  by  G.  F.  Hill.    (Oxford  University  Press.) 

Popular  Art  Handbooks,  first  titles :  Raphael,  by  Julia 
Cartwright;  G.  F.  Watts,  by  Gilbert  K.  Chesterton; 
Holbein,  by  Ford  Madox  Hueffer;  Sandro  Botti- 
celli, by  Julia  Cartwright;  Leonardo  da  Vinci,  by 
Georg  Gronau;  Rossetti,  by  Ford  Madox  Hueffer; 
each  illus.  in  photogravure,  per  vol.,  $1.25  net. 
(Rand,  McNally  &  Co.) 

Chinese  Pottery  and  Porcelain,  by  R.  L.  Hobson,  B.A., 
2  vols.,  illus.,  $25.  net.  (Funk  &  Wagnalls  Co.) 

Buddhist  Art  in  Its  Relation  to  Buddhist  Doctrine, 
with  special  reference  to  Buddhism  in  Japan,  by 
M.  Anesaki,  illus.  (Houghton  Mifflin  Co.) 

Fairyland,  the  opera  chosen  to  be  produced  at  the  San 
Francisco  Exposition,  by  Brian  Hooker,  M.A.,  and 
Horatio  Parker,  $1.  net.  (Yale  University  Press.) 

The  Art  of  Landscape  Architecture,  its  development 
and  its  application  to  modern  landscape  gardening, 
by  Samuel  Parsons,  illus.,  $3.50  net.  (G.  P.  Put- 
nam's Sons.) 


A  Short  History  of  Russian  Music,  by  Arthur  Pougin, 
$1.75  net. —  French  Engravers  of  the  Eighteenth 
Century,  illus.,  $1.50  net.  (Brentano's.) 

The  Building  of  It,  a  handbook  for  every  home  builder, 
by  Walter  J.  Keith,  illus.,  $1.  net.  (Doubleday, 
Page  &  Co.) 

Sketches  of  Great  Painters,  by  Edwin  Watts  Chubb, 
illus.,  $2.  net.  (Stewart  &  Kidd  Co.) 

Making  Walls  and  Ceilings,  by  H.  D.  Eberlein, 
50  cts.  net. —  Making  Floors,  by  Abbot  McClure, 
50  cts.  net.  (McBride,  Nast  &  Co.) 

The  Song,  its  origin,  development,  and  mission,  by 
George  P.  Upton,  with  frontispiece,  $1.  net.  (A.  C. 
McClurg  &  Co.) 

The  House  that  Junk  Built,  illus.,  $1.25  net.  (Duf- 
field &  Co.) 

SCIENCE. 

Bodily  Changes  in  Pain,  Hunger,  Fear,  and  Rage,  by 
Walter  B.  Cannon,  M.D.,  illus.,  $2.  net.  (D.  Apple- 
ton  &  Co.) 

Senescence  and  Rejuvenescence,  by  Charles  Manning 
Child,  $3.  net.  (University  of  Chicago  Press.) 

The  Standard  Cyclopedia  of  Horticulture,  edited  by 
L.  H.  Bailey  with  the  assistance  of  over  500  collabo- 
rators, new  edition,  rewritten  and  enlarged,  to  be 
completed  in  6  vols.,  Vol.  III.,  illus.  in  color,  etc. 
(Macmillan  Co.) 

Nature  and  Science  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  a  guide 
book  for  scientific  travellers  in  the  west,  edited  by 
the  Pacific  Coast  Committee  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  illus., 
$1.50  net.  (Paul  Elder  &  Co.) 

Studies  in  the  History  of  Natural  Theology,  by  C.  C.  J. 
Webb.  (Oxford  University  Press.) 

Chemistry  of  Familiar  Things,  by  Samuel  Schmucker 
Sadtler,  S.B.,  illus.,  $1.75  net.  (J.  B.  Lippincott 
Co.) 

The  Determination  of  Sex,  by  L.  Doncaster,  Sc.D.,  with 
frontispiece  in  color,  $2.  net.  (G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.) 

Conservation  of  Water  by  Storage,  by  George  Fillmore 
Swain,  LL.D.,  $3.  net.  (Yale  University  Press.) 

Reptiles  and  Batrachians,  by  E.  G.  Boulenger,  F.Z.S., 
illus.  in  color,  etc.,  $6.  net.  (E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.) 

Origin  and  Meaning  of  Some  Fundamental  Earth 
Structures,  by  Charles  P.  Berkey,  Ph.D.  (Columbia 
University  Press.) 

A  B  C  of  Electricity,  by  William  M.  Meadowcroft, 
illus.,  50  cts.  net.  (Harper  &  Brothers.) 

NATURE  AND  OUT-DOOR  LIFE. 

Bramble-bees  and  Others,  by  J.  Henri  Fabre,  trans. 
by  Alexander  Teixeira  de  Mattos,  $1.50  net.  (Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co.) 

The  Gardening  Blue  Book,  a  manual  of  the  Peren- 
nial Garden,  by  Leicester  B.  Holland,  illus., 
$3.50  net. —  The  Bird  Book,  by  Chester  A.  Reed, 
illus.,  $3.  net. —  The  Propagation  of  Wild  Birds, 
by  Herbert  K.  Job,  illus.,  $2.  net. —  The  Butterfly 
Guide,  by  W.  J.  Holland,  illus.  in  color,  $1.  net. 
(Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.) 

Adventures  among  Birds,  by  W.  H.  Hudson,  with 
photogravure  frontispiece,  $2.50  net.  (Mitchell 
Kennerley.) 

The  Well-considered  Garden,  by  Mrs.  Francis  King, 
with  Preface  by  Gertrude  Jekyll,  illus.,  $2.  net. — 
Pets  for  Pleasure  and  Profit,  by  A.  Hyatt  Verrill, 
illus.,  $1.50  net.  (Charles  Scribner's  Sons.) 

My  Shrubs,  by  Eden  Phillpotts,  illus.,  $2.50  net.— 
Birds  of  the  Indian  Hills,  by  Douglas  Dewar, 
$2.  net.  (John  Lane  Co.) 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


227 


The  Log  of  a  Timber  Cruiser,  exploring  and  mapping 
a  great  forestry  area  in  New  Mexico,  by  William 
Pinkney  Lawson,  illus.,  $1.50  net. —  Every  Woman's 
Flower  Garden,  a  guide  to  its  planning  and  culture, 
by  Mary  Hampden,  illus.,  $1.50  net. —  Everblooming 
Roses,  for  the  outdoor  garden  of  the  amateur,  by 
Georgia  T.  Drennan,  revised  edition,  illus.,  $1.50  net. 
(Duffield  &  Co.) 

The  Country  Home,  month  by  month,  a  guide  to 
country  living,  by  Edward  Irving  Farrington,  illus., 
$2.  net.  (Laird  &  Lee.) 

Field  Book  of  American  Trees  and  Shrubs,  by  F. 
Schuyler  Mathews,  illus.  in  color,  «tc.,  $2.  net. 
(G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.) 

The  Book  of  Hardy  Flowers,  by  H.  H.  Thomas,  illus. 
in  color,  etc.,  $3.50  net.  (Funk  &  Wagnalls  Co.) 

The  Gardenette,  or,  City  Back  Yard  Gardening  by  the 
Sandwich  System,  by  Benjamin  F.  Albaugh,  illus., 
$1.25  net.  (Stewart  &  Kidd  Co.) 

Wild  Flower  Preservation,  by  May  Coley  and  Charles 
Alfred  Weatherby,  $1.25  net.  (F.  A.  Stokes  Co.) 

The  Key  to  the  Land,  by  Frederick  F.  Rockwell,  illus., 
$1.  net. — A  B  C  of  Gardening,  by  Eben  F.  Rexford, 
50  cts.  net.  (Harper  &  Brothers.) 

The  Garden  Book  of  California,  by  Belle  Sumner 
Angier,  new  edition. —  Bird  Notes  Afield,  by  Charles 
Keeler,  new  edition.  (Paul  Elder  &  Co.) 

Our  Mountain  Garden,  the  "  Felsengarten,"  by  Rose 
Fay  Thomas,  new  edition,  $1.50  net.  (E.  P.  Button 
&  Co.) 

RELIGION  AND  THEOLOGY. 

The  Philosophy  of  Spirit,  by  John  Snaith  $3.  net. — 
The  Life  of  the  Rev.  Andrew  Martin  Fairbairn, 
LL.D.,  $3.  net. —  The  Bearing  of  Recent  Discovery 
on  the  Trustworthiness  of  the  New  Testament,  by 
W.  M.  Ramsay,  $3.  net. —  The  New  Testament  in 
Life  and  Literature,  by  Jane  T.  Stoddard,  $2.25  net. 
—  The  Endless  Quest,  by  Alexander  Connell,  B.D., 
$1.50  net. —  Christian  Freedom  by  William  Malcolm 
Macgregor,  D.D.,  $1.50  net. —  The  Veil  and  the 
Vision,  by  J.  Morgan  Gibbon,  $1.50  net. —  St. 
Augustine,  aspects  of  his  life  and  thought,  by  W. 
Montgomery,  M.A.,  $1.50  net. — A  Guide  to  the 
Study  of  Church  History,  by  W.  J.  McGlothlin, 
Ph.D.,  $1.50  net. —  Christian  Psychology,  by  James 
Stalker,  D.D.,  $1.25  net. —  In  a  Preacher's  Study, 
by  George  Jackson,  B.A.,  $1.25  net. —  The  Sword  of 
the  World,  by  Arthur  C.  Hill,  $1.25  net. —  Practical 
and  Social  Aspects  of  Christianity,  by  A.  T.  Robert- 
son, D.D.,  $1.25  net. —  The  Oratory  and  Poetry 
of  the  Bible,  by  Ferdinand  S.  Schenck,  LL.D., 
$1.25  net. —  Theology  in  Church  and  State,  by 
Peter  Taylor'  Forsyth,  D.D.,  $1.25  ne.t — A  Theo- 
logian's Workshop,  tools  and  methods,  by  Joseph 
Agar  Beet,  D.D.,  $1.25  net.— The  Saviour  of  the 
World,  by  Benjamin  B.  Warfield,  D.D.,  $1.25  net. — 
The  Divine  Names  in  Genesis,  by  John  Skinner, 
D.D.,  $1.50  net. —  The  Vocabulary  of  the  Greek  New 
Testament,  by  J.  H.  Moulton  and  G.  Milligan,  Part 
I.,  illus.,  $1.50  net. —  The  New  Testament,  a  new 
translation  by  James  Moffatt,  Litt.D.,  $1.50  net. — 
The  Gospel  of  the  Sovereignty,  and  other  sermons, 
by  J.  D.  Jones,  D.D.,  $1.50  net. —  Spiritual  Culture, 
by  Frederick  A.  Noble,  D.D.,  $1.25  net. —  Intimate 
Letters  on  Personal  Problems,  by  J.  R.  Miller,  D.D., 
$1.25  net. —  Paul's  Message  for  To-day,  by  R.  J. 
Miller,  D.D.,  $1.25  net. —  New  Testament  Criticism, 
its  history  and  results,  by  J.  A.  MeClymont,  D.D., 
$1.50  net. —  The  Miracles  of  Jesus,  a  study  of  the 
evidence,  by  E.  O.  Davies,  B.Se.,  $1.25  net. —  World 
Power,  the  empire  of  Christ,  by  John  MacNeill, 
$1.  net. —  God  and  War,  some  lessons  on  the  present 


crisis,  by  Paterson  Smyth,  $1.  net. —  Publicity  and 
Progress,  twentieth  century  methods  in  religious, 
educational,  and  social  activities,  by  Herbert  Heeb- 
ner  Smith,  illus.,  $1.  net. —  Pentateuchal  Criticism, 
by  D.  C.  Simpson,  M.A.,  with  Introduction  by  H.  E. 
Ryle,  D.D.,  $1.  net. —  The  Book  of  Answered 
Prayer,  by  John  T.  Faris,  D.D.,  $1.  net. —  The 
Missionary  Obligation  in  the  Light  of  the  Changes 
in  Modern  Thought,  by  A.  E.  Garvie,  D.D., 
75  cts.  net.  (George  H.  Doran  Co.) 

The  Rise  of  Modern  Religious  Ideas,  by  Arthur  C. 
McGiffert. —  Modern  Religious  Movements  in  India, 
by  J.  N.  Farquhar,  illus. —  Deliverance,  the  freeing 
of  the  spirit  in  the  ancient  world,  by  Henry  Osborn 
Taylor,  Litt.D. —  The  Episcopal  Church,  its  faith 
and  order,  by  George  Hodges. —  The  Drama  of  the 
Spiritual  Life,  a  study  of  religious  experience  and 
ideals,  by  Annie  L.  Sears. —  The  Practice  of  Self- 
culture,  by  Hugh  Black. —  The  Bible  for  Home  and 
School,  edited  by  Shailer  Mathews,  new  vol.:  Com- 
mentary on  Mark,  by  M.  W.  Jacobus. —  Uniform 
Edition  of  Sermons,  by  Dean  Hodges,  new  vols. : 
Cross  and  Passion;  Faith  and  Social  Service. 
(Macmillan  Co.) 

Criticisms  of  Life,  studies  in  faith,  hope,  and  despair, 
by  Horace  J.  Bridges,  $1.50  net. —  The  Higher 
Individualism,  by  Edward  Scribner  Ames,  $1.10  net. 

—  The  Early  Church,  from  Ignatius  to  Augustine, 
by  George  Hodges,  $1.75  net. —  The  Divine  Mystery, 
a  reading  of  the  history  of  Christianity  down  to 
the   time    of    Christ,    by   Allen   Upward. —  Ancient 
Cities  and  The  World  to  Come,  each  by  William 
Burnet  Wright,  new  editions,  per  vol.,  $1.10  net. 
(Houghton  Mifflin  Co.) 

The  Chief  Corner-stone,  the  fundamental  elements  of 
the  Christian  faith,  edited  by  W.  T.  Davison, 
$1.50  net. —  The  Retired  Minister,  his  claim,  in- 
herent, foremost,  supreme,  articles  by  leaders  of 
ministerial  relief,  illus.,  $1.50  net. —  Personality 
and  Fellowship,  by  William  Bradfield,  $1.25  net. — 
The  Place  of  Prayer  in  the  Christian  Religion,  by 
James  M.  Campbell,  $1.  net. —  The  Incomparable 
Christ,  by  Calvin  Weiss  Laufer,  $1.  net. —  The 
Bible  and  Life,  by  Edwin  H.  Hughes,  $1.  net. — 
Early  Methodist  Philanthropy,  by  Eric  McCoy 
North,  illus.,  $1.  net. —  The  Quest  for  Wonder,  and 
other  philosophical  and  theological  studies,  by 
Lynn  Harold  Hough,  $1.  net. —  A  Boy's  Religion, 
by  Edwin  H.  Hughes,  50  ets.  net. — Variety  in  the 
Prayer  Meeting,  by  William  T.  Ward,  50  cts.  net. 

—  Practical  Evangelism,  by  William  H.  Burgwin, 
50   cts.   net. —  New   England  Methodism,   a  survey 
and  forelook,  edited  by  E.  C.  E.  Dorion,  50  cts.  net. 

—  Social     Messages,    the    new    sanctification,    by 
Charles  W.  Barnes,  50  cts.  net. —  The  Busy  Man's 
Bible,  compiled  by  H.  P.  Dudley,  revised  edition, 
25   cts.   net. —  The   Comfort  Book,  selections  from 
the  Scriptures,  by  James  H.  Downey,  25  cts.  net. — 
Illustrated    Booklets,    compiled    by    Harold    Speak- 
man,  2  titles,  illus.,  each  25  cts.  net. —  One  Hundred 
Years  of  Peace,  programme  for  peace  Sunday,  pre- 
pared   by    Norman    E.    Richardson,    10    cts.    net. 
(Methodist  Book  Concern.) 

The  Books  of  the  Apocrypha,  their  origin,  teaching, 
and  contents,  by  W.  O.  E.  Oesterley,  $3.  net. — 
Christian  Workers'  Commentary  on  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments,  by  James  M.  Gray,  D.D.,  $2.  net. 

—  The  Vengeance  of  the  Flag,  and  other  occasional 
addresses,  by  Henry  D.  Estabrook,  $2.  net. —  Roman 
Catholicism  Analyzed,  a  dispassionate  examination 
of  Romish  claims,  by  J.  A.  Phillips,   $1.50  net. — 
Kiowa,  the  story  of  a  blanket  Indian  mission,  by 
Isabel   Crawford,   illus.,    $1.25    net.— The    Further 
Evolution  of  Man,  by  W.  Hall  Calvert,  M.D.,  $1.  net. 


228 


THE   DIAL 


[March  18 


—  The  Religio-medical  Masquerade,  critical  investi- 
gation of  Christian  Science,  $1.  net. —  The  Springs 
of  Joy,  by  R.  F.  Horton,  $1.  net. —  The  Power  to 
Bight  Our  Wrongs,  by  Anna  FitzGerald  Van  Loan, 
$1.  net. —  The  Illustrative  Teachings  of  Jesus,  by 
George  H.  Young,  $1.  net. —  John  HUB,  the  martyr 
of  Bohemia,  a  study  of  the  dawn  of  Protestantism, 
by  W.  M.  Schwarze,  Ph.D.,  illus.,  75  cts.  net. —  The 
Hour  of  Prayer,  helps  to  devotion  when  absent  from 
church,    by   Robert  Freeman,    75   ets.   net. —  Home 
Missions  in  Action,  by  Mrs.  Edith  H.  Allen,  illus., 
50  cts.  net. —  John's  Gospel,  the  greatest  book  in 
the  world,  by  Robert  E.  Speer,  50  cts.  net. —  Early 
Heroes  of  the  Missionary  Field,  by  W.  Pakenham 
Walsh,    with    frontispiece,    50    cts.    net. —  Mo'dern 
Heroes    of   the    Mission    Field,    by    W.    Pakenham 
Walsh,  with  frontispiece,  50  cts.  net. —  How  to  Con- 
duet  a  Sunday  School,  by  Marion  Lawrence,  revised 
edition,  $1.25  net. —  Christian  Science  in  the  Light 
of  Holy  Scripture,  by  I.  M.  Haldeman,  revised  edi- 
tion, $1.  net. — All  Along  the  Trail,  home  mission 
study  junior  course,  by  Sarah  Gertrude  Pomeroy, 
illus.,  40  cts.  net. —  The  Sabbatic  Question,  by  J.  J. 
Taylor,  35  cts.  net. —  The  Voice  of  Thanksgiving, 
hymnbook  by  D.  B.  Towner,  per  hundred,  $22.50  net. 

—  Dwight  L.  Moody,  his  influence  and  appeal,  by 
John  McDowell,  25  cts.  net. — .The  Unfolding  Life, 
by  Antoinette  Abernethy  Lamoreaux,  new  edition, 
50  cts.  net. —  The  Parables  of  Our  Lord,  by  Marcus 
Dods,  new  edition,  50  cts.  net.     (Fleming  H.  Revell 
Co.) 

The  Successful  Sunday  School  Superintendent,  by 
Amos  R.  Wells. —  The  After  Meeting,  by  John  Bas- 
com  Shaw,  LL.D. —  The  Ingathering  of  Members, 
by  John  Bascom  Shaw,  LL.D. —  Ten  Minute  Lessons 
on  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  of 
America,  by  E.  Morris  Fergusson,  D.D. — A  Simple 
Course  of  Instruction  for  Boys  and  Girls  in  Prep- 
aration for  Church  Membership,  by  John  Lyon 
Caughey. —  When  I  Have  Crossed  the  Bar,  by  James 
Robinson,  50  cts.  net. —  The  Sunday  School  at  Work, 
edited  by  John  T.  Fargis,  D.D.,  revised  and  enlarged 
edition,  $1.25  net. —  Compendium  of  Church  His- 
tory, by  Andrew  C.  Zenos,  D.D.,  revised  edition, 
75  cts.  net. —  Preparation  for  Teaching,  by  Charles 
A.  Oliver,  revised  edition,  40  cts.  net.  (Presby- 
terian Board  of  Publication.) 

Footings  for  Faith,  by  William  Pierson  Merrill, 
$1.  net. —  The  International  Critical  Commentary, 
new  vol.:  Commentary  on  II.  Corinthians,  by 
Alfred  Plummer,  D.D.,  $3.  net.— The  Great  Texts 
of  the  Bible,  new  vols. :  Thessalonians  to  Hebrews; 
Psalm  CXIX  to  Solomon ;  per  vol.,  $3.  net. —  The 
International  Theological  Library,  new  vol.:  The 
Latin  Church  in  the  Middle  Ages,  by  Andre  La- 
garde,  $2.50  net. —  Old  Testament  Criticism  and  the 
Christian  Church,  by  John  E.  McFadyen,  M.A., 
90  cts.  net. —  Studies  in  Theology,  new  vol. :  The 
Environment  of  Early  Christianity,  by  S.  Angue, 
Ph.D.,  75  cts.  net.  (Charles  Scribner's  Sons.) 

The  Golden  Days  of  the  Early  Church,  by  Henry  H. 
Howorth,  2  vols.,  $7.50  net. —  Judaism  and  St.  Paul, 
by  C.  G.  Montefiore,  $1.25  net. —  Jesus  and  Polities, 
by  Harold  B.  Shepheard,  $1.  net. —  The  Arch- 
bishop's Test,  by  E.  M.  Green,  $1.  net. — A  Plea  for 
the  Thorough  and  Unbiased  Investigation  of  Chris- 
tian Science,  by  Charles  Lea,  $1.  net.  (E.  P. 
Dutton  &  Co.) 

University  of  Chicago  Sermons,  by  members  of  the 
university  faculties,  $1.50  net. —  Religious  Educa- 
tion through  the  Family,  by  Henry  F.  Cope, 
$1.25  net. —  The  City  Institute  for  Religious 
Teachers,  by  Walter  S.  Athearn,  75  cts.  net. — 


The  Bixby  Gospels,  by  Edgar  J.  Goodspeed.  (Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  Press.) 

Indian  Theism  from  the  Vedic  to  the  Mahammadan 
Period,  by  J.  N.  Macnicol. —  The  Vital  Forces  of 
Christianity  and  Islam,  six  studies  by  missionaries 
to  Moslems,  with  Introduction  by  S.  M.  Zwemer. 
(Oxford  University  Press.) 

Is  Death  the  End?  by  John  Haynes  Holmes, 
$1.50  net. —  In  the  Service  of  the  King,  a  pastor's 
story,  by  Joseph  B.  Dunn,  $1.25  net. —  The  Stew- 
ardship of  Faith,  our  heritage  from  early  Chris- 
tianity, by  Kirsopp  Lake,  $1.50  net.  (G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons.) 

The  Lyman  Beecher  Lectures  on  Preaching,  by  George 
Wharton  Pepper,  $1.50  net.  (Yale  University 
Press.) 

Bible  Mystery  and  Bible  Meaning,  by  T.  Troward, 
$1.50  net.  (McBride,  Nast  &  Co.) 

The  Meaning  of  Prayer,  by  Harry  Emerson  Fosdiek, 
50  cts.  net. —  The  Christian  Equivalent  of  War,  by 
D.  William  Lyon,  50  cts.  net.  (Association  Press.) 

Christianity  and  International  Peace,  by  Charles  E. 
Jefferson,  $1.25  net.  (Thomas  Y.  Crowell  Co.) 

The  New  World  Religion,  by  Josiah  Strong,  $1.  net. 
(Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.) 

What  Is  Christian  Science?  by  Thomas  W.  Wilby, 
75  cts.  net.  (John  Lane  Co.) 

PHILOSOPHY,  PSYCHOLOGY,  AND 
ETHICS. 

American  Thought,  by  Woodbridge  Riley,  $1.50  net. — 
The  New  Rationalism,  by  Edward  Gleason  Spauld- 
ing,  $2.  net.  (Henry  Holt  &  Co.) 

What  Nietzsche  Taught,  by  Willard  H.  Wright, 
$2.  net.  (B.  W.  Huebsch.) 

Character  and  Temperament,  by  Joseph  Jastrow, 
Ph.D.,  $2.  net.  (D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

Budget  of  Paradoxes,  by  Augustus  de  Morgan,  edited 
and  revised  by  David  Eugene  Smith,  2  vols., 
$10.  net. —  Goethe,  with  special  consideration  of  his 
philosophy,  by  Paul  Carus,  illus.,  $3.  net. —  Con- 
fucius, a  drama  based  on  the  life  and  ethics  of  the 
old  Chinese  philosopher,  by  Paul  Carus,  50  cts.  net. 
(Open  Court  Publishing  Co.) 

Ventures  in  Thought,  by  Francis  Coutts,  $1.50  net. 
(John  Lane  Co.) 

Practical  Mysticism,  by  Evelyn  Underbill,  $1.  net. 
(E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.) 

Psychology  and  Parenthood,  by  H.  Addington  Bruce, 
$1.25  net.  (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.) 

The  Edinburgh  Lectures  on  Mental  Science,  by  T. 
Troward,  $1.25  net. —  The  Dor6  Lectures,  by  T. 
Troward,  $1.  net.  (McBride,  Nast  &  Co.) 

The  Vedanta  System  of  Shankara,  by  Paul  Deussen, 
Ph.D.,  trans,  by  James  Haughton  Woods,  Ph.D., 
second  edition,  50  cts.  net.  (Harvard  University 
Press.) 

EDUCATION. 

Yale  Yesterdays,  by  Clarence  Deming,  illus.,  $2.25  net. 
—  Centenary  of  Yale  Medical  School,  edited  by 
William  H.  Carmalt,  $2.  net.  (Yale  University 
Press.) 

Types  of  Teaching,  by  Lida  B.  Earhart,  Ph.D.,  with 
Introduction  by  Henry  Suzzallo,  Ph.D.,  $1.25  net. — 
Discipline  as  a  School  Problem,  by  A.  C.  Perry,  Jr., 
Ph.D. —  Teaching  Literature  in  the  Grammar 
Grades  and  High  School,  by  Emma  M.  Bolenius. — 
Vocational  Education,  its  theory,  administration, 
and  practice,  by  David  Snedden,  Ruth  Mary  Weeks, 
and  Ellwood  P.  Cubberley,  $1.20  net. —  School 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


229 


Credit  for  Home  Work,  by  L.  E.  Alderman,  $1.  net. 
— What  Shall  We  Bead  to  the  Children?  advice  to 
parents  and  teachers,  by  Clara  W.  Hunt,  $1.  net. — 
The  Teaching  of  Civk-s,  by  Mabel  Hill,  60  cts.  net. 
—  The  Teaching  of  Handwriting,  by  Frank  N.  Free- 
man, 60  cts.  net. —  Trades  and  Professions,  by 
George  H.  Palmer,  35  cts.  net.  (Houghton  Mifflin 
Co.) 

Psychology  of  High-school  Subjects,  by  Charles  Hub- 
bard  Judd. —  Methods  of  Teaching  in  High  Schools, 
by  Samuel  Chester  Parker,  illus.,  $1.50  net. —  Voca- 
tional Guidance  for  Boys,  by  Enoch  B.  Gowin  and 
William  A.  Wheatley. —  Everyday  Pedagogy,  by 
Lillian  I.  Lincoln,  $1.  net.  (Ginn  &  Co.) 

Schools  of  To-day,  by  John  and  Evelyn  Dewey, 
$1.50  net.  (E.  P.  Button  &  Co.) 

Montessori  Children,  by  Carolyn  S.  Bailey,  illus., 
$1.25  net.  (Henry  Holt  &  Co.) 

Music  and  the  Higher  Education,  by  Edward  Dickin- 
son, $1.50  net.  (Charles  Scribner's  Sons.) 

Outlines  of  Child  Study,  by  William  A.  McKeever. — 
The  Practical  Conduct  of  Play,  by  Henry  S.  Curtis, 
illus. —  Fundamentals  in  Methods,  by  James  Ken- 
nedy. (Macmillan  Co.) 

Making  the  Most  of  One's  Mind,  a  guide  for  every 
student,  by  John  Adams,  $1.  net. —  Your  Boy,  his 
nature  and  nurture,  by  George  A.  Dickinson,  $1.  net. 
(George  H.  Doran  Co.) 

The  Appointment  of  Teachers  in  Cities,  by  Frank 
Washington  Ballou,  Ph.D. —  How  the  French  Boy 
Learns  to  Write,  by  Eollo  Walter  Brown,  Litt.D. 
(Harvard  University  Press.) 

Child  Training  as  an  Exact  Science,  by  George  W. 
Jacoby,  M.D.,  $1.50  net.  (Funk  &  Wagnalls  Co.) 

Childhood  and  Youth  Series,  edited  by  M.  V.  O'Shea, 
new  vol.:  The  Wayward  Child,  by  Mrs.  Frederic 
Schoff,  $1.  net.  (Bobbs- Merrill  Co.) 

Methods  for  Elementary  and  Secondary  Schools,  by 
E.  L.  Kemp,  Litt.D.,  $1.25  net.  (J.  B.  Lippincott 
Co.) 

The  High  School,  a  study  in  origins  and  tendencies, 
by  Frank  Webster  Smith,  $1.50  net.  (Sturgis  & 
Walton  Co.) 

What  the  Mother  of  a  Deaf  Child  Ought  to  Know, 
by  John  Dutton  Wright,  75  cts.  net.  (F.  A.  Stokes 
Co.) 

BUSINESS,  ADVERTISING,  AND 
COMMERCE. 

The  Business  of  Advertising,  by  Earnest  Elmo  Cal- 
kins, illus.  in  color,  etc.,  $2.  net. —  Railroad  Ac- 
counting, by  William  E.  Hooper,  illus.,  $2.  net. 
(D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

Productive  Advertising,  by  H.  W.  Hess,  illus.,  $2.  net. 
(J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.) 

Honest  Business,  factors  that  control  its  organiza- 
tion and  principles  that  must  direct  its  conduct,  by 
Amos  Kidder  Fiske,  A.M.,  $1.25  net. — A  History  of 
Modern  Banks  of  Issue,  by  Charles  A.  Conant,  fifth 
edition,  revised  and  enlarged,  $3.50  net.  (G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons.) 

Advertising,  Selling  the  Consumer,  by  John  Lee 
Mahin,  illus.,  $2.  net. —  The  New  Business,  by 
Harry  Tipper,  illus.,  $2.  net.  (Doubleday,  Page  & 
Co.) 

An  Approach  to  Business  Problems,  by  Arch  Wilkin- 
son Shaw,  A.M.,  $2.  net. —  Problems  in  the  Prin- 
ciples of  Accounting,  by  William  Morse  Cole,  A.M., 
$1.  net.  (Harvard  University  Press.) 

Selling  Latin  America,  what  to  sell  and  how  to  sell  it, 
by  W.  E.  Aughinbaugh,  with  map,  $1.25  net. 
(Small,  Maynard  &  Co.) 


How    to    Sell,    by    Nathaniel    Fowler,    Jr.,    $1.    net. 

(A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.) 
Successful  Selling,  by  E.  Leichter,  50  cts.  net.     (Funk 

&  Wagnalls  Co.) 
Getting  a  Start,  first  aids  to  success,  by  Nathaniel  C. 

Fowler,  Jr.,  50  cts.  net.     (Sully  &  Kleinteich.) 

FARMING  AND  AGRICULTURE. 

The  Rural  Science  Series,  edited  by  L.  H.  Bailey,  new 
vols. :  Citrus  Fruits,  by  J.  E.  Coit,  illus.;  The 
Strawberry  in  North  America,  by  S.  W.  Fletcher, 
illus.;  Bee-keeping,  by  Everett  Franklin  Phillips, 
illus. ;  The  Principles  of  Rural  Credits,  by  James  B. 
Morman ;  Plant-breeding,  by  L.  H.  Bailey,  new 
edition  revised  by  A.  W.  Gilbert,  illus.;  Principles 
of  Fruit-growing,  by  L.  H.  Bailey,  revised  and  re- 
written edition,  illus.  (Macmillan  Co.) 

Productive  Feeding  of  Farm  Animals,  by  F.  W.  Woll, 
illus.,  $1.50  net. — Agriculture  and  Life,  by  Arthur 
D.  Cromwell,  illus.,  $1.50  net. —  Poultry  Keeping, 
an  elementary  treatise  dealing  with  the  successful 
management  of  poultry  by  Harry  R.  Lewis,  B.S., 
illus.,  $1.  net.  (J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.) 

Agriculture,  by  Oscar  H.  Benson  and  George  Herbert 
Betts,  illus.,  $1.50  net.  (Bobbs-Merrill  Co.) 

Practical  Talks  on  Farm  Engineering,  by  R.  P.  Clark- 
son,  illus.,  $1.  net.  (Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.) 

Farm  Management,  by  Joseph  H.  Arnold,  illus., 
$1.  net.  (Sturgis  &  Walton  Co.) 

WOMAN  AND  THE  HOME. 

Women  under  Polygamy,  by  Walter  M.  Gallichan, 
illus.,  $2.50  net. — American  Women  in  Civic  Work, 
by  Helen  Christine  Bennett,  $1.25  net.  (Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co.) 

Woman's  Work  in  Municipalities,  by  Mary  Ritter 
Beard,  $1.50  net.  (D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

Commercial  Work  and  Training  for  Girls,  by  Jean- 
ette  Eaton  and  Bertha  M.  Stevens,  illus.  (Mac- 
millan Co.) 

The  American  Girl,  by  Anne  Morgan,  with  frontis- 
piece, 50  cts.  net. —  The  Housekeeper's  Handbook  of 
Cleaning,  by  Sarah  J.  Macleod,  $1.  net. —  A  B  C 
of  Housekeeping,  by  Christine  Terhune  Herrick, 
50  cts.  net. —  Dainties  for  Home  Parties,  by  Flor- 
ence M.  Williams,  50  cts.  net.  (Harper  &  Brothers.) 

The  Awakening  of  Woman,  suggestions  from  the 
psychic  side  of  feminism,  by  Mrs.  Florence  Guertin 
Tuttle,  $1.  net.  (Methodist  Book  Concern.) 

Just  for  Two,  a  collection  of  recipes  designed  for  two 
persons,  by  Amelie  Langdon,  $1.  net. —  Practical 
Programs  for  Women's  Clubs,  by  Alice  Hazen  Cass, 
75  cts.  (A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.) 

Inside  the  House  of  Good  Taste,  edited  by  Richardson 
Wright,  illus.,  $1.25  net.  (McBride,  Nast  &  Co.) 

The  Cult  of  the  Needle,  by  Flora  Klickmann,  illus., 
60  cts.  net.  (F.  A.  Stokes  Co.) 

Table  Service,  by  Lucy  G.  Allen,  illus.,  $1.25  net. 
(Little,  Brown  &  Co.) 

One  Hundred  Luncheon  Dishes,  by  Linda  Hull  Lamed, 
50  cts.  net.  (Charles  Scribner"s  Sons.) 

HEALTH,  HYGIENE,  AND  MEDICINE. 

Mind  and  Health  Series,  edited  by  H.  Addington 
Bruce,  A.M.,  first  vols. :  Human  Motives,  by  James 
Jackson  Putnam,  M.D.;  The  Meaning  of  Dreams, 
by  Isador  H.  Coriat,  M.D. ;  Sleep  and  Sleeplessness, 
by  H.  Addington  Bruce;  per  vol.,  $1.  net.  (Little, 
Brown  &  Co.) 

The  Nutrition  of  a  Household,  by  Edwin  Tenney 
Brewster  and  Lilian  Brewster,  $1.25  net. —  The 


230 


THE   DIAL 


[March  18 


Elements  of  Military  Hygiene,  by  P.  M.  Ashburn, 
revised  edition,  $1.50  net. —  Prescriptions,  selec- 
tions from  Richard  Cabot's  "  What  Men  Live  By," 
compiled  by  Edith  Motter  Lamb,  50  cts.  net. 
(Houghton  Mifflin  Co.) 

To-morrow's  Topics,  scientific  notes  of  a  surgeon,  by 
Robert  T.  Morris,  3  vols.,  each  $1.80  net.  (Double- 
day,  Page  &  Co.) 

Authentic  Twilight  Sleep,  Freiburg  experience  in  pain- 
less childbirth  and  its  extension  to  America,  by 
Marguerite  Tracy  and  Mary  Boyd,  $1.50  net. — 
Don't  Worry,  by  C.  W.  Saleeby,  popular  edition, 
50  cts.  net.  (F.  A.  Stokes  Co.) 

The  Commoner  Diseases,  their  causes  and  effects,  by 
Leonard  Jones,  trans,  by  William  H.  Woglom,  M.D., 
illus.,  $4.  net. —  Diebetes  Mellitus,  designed  for  the 
use  of  practitioners  of  medicine,  by  Nellis  B.  Fos- 
ter, M.D.,  $3.  net. —  Elementary  Practical  Chem- 
istry, for  medical  and  other  students,  by  J.  E. 
Meyers  and  J.  B.  Firth,  $1.25  net. —  Nursing  and 
Care  of  the  Nervous  and  the  Insane,  by  Charles  K. 
Mills,  M.D.,  and  N.  S.  Yawger,  M.D.,  illus., 
$1.25  net.  (J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.) 

Practical  Tropical  Sanitation,  by  W.  Alex.  Muirhead, 
$3.50  net.  (E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.) 

Sanitation  in  Panama,  by  William  Crawford  Gorgas, 
illus.,  $2.  net.  (D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

Pioneers  of  Modern  Physical  Training,  by  Fred  E. 
Leonard,  M.D.,  illus.,  $1.  net.  (Association  Press.) 

Keeping  Physically  Fit,  by  William  J.  Cromie,  illus. 
(Macmillan  Co.) 

First  Aid  in  Nursery  Ailments,  by  Emelyn  Lincoln 
Coolidge,  50  cts.  net.  (Sturgis  &  Walton  Co.) 

The  Tuberculosis  Nurse,  by  Ellen  La  Motte,  R.1S. 
(G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.) 

Report  of  the  Tropical  Medicine  Expedition,  by 
Richard  Pearson  Strong,  M.D.  (Harvard  Univer- 
sity Press.) 

Consumption,  the  problem  as  a  human  problem,  by 
John  B.  Hawes,  M.D.,  illus.,  50  cts.  net.  (Small, 
Maynard  &  Go.) 

GAMES  AND  SPORTS. 

Intercollegiate  Athletics  in  America,  a  complete  chron- 
icle, narrative,  and  statistical,  of  collegiate  sport  in 
the  United  States,  edited  by  Samuel  Crowther,  to  be 
completed  in  5  vols.,  with  1200  illustrations. 
(Robert  Appleton,  Inc.) 

Baseball,  individual  plays  and  team  plays  in  detail, 
by  W.  J.  Clarke  and  Frederick  T.  Dawson,  illus., 
$1.  net.  (Charles  Scribner's  Sons.) 

Automatic  Pistol  Shooting,  information  on  the  use  of 
the  duelling  pistol  and  revolver,  by  Walter  Winans, 
with  frontispiece,  $1.  net.  (G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.) 

Popular  Amusements,  by  Richard  Henry  Edwards, 
$1.  net. —  Christianity  and  Amusements,  by  Richard 
Henry  Edwards,  50  cts.  net.  (Association  Press.) 

Pro  and  Con  of  Golf,  by  Alexander  H.  Revell,  illus., 
$1.25  net.  (Rand,  MeNally  &  Co.) 

NEW  EDITIONS  OF  STANDARD 
LITERATURE. 

The  Works  of  Henry  D.  Thoreau,  Riverside  pocket 
edition,  11  vols.,  each  with  photogravure  frontis- 
piece, per  vol.,  $1.50  net. —  Japanese  Lyrics,  trans, 
by  Lafcadio  Hearn,  75  cts.  net.  (Houghton  Mifflin 
Co.) 

The  Poems  of  John  Keats,  edited  by  Sidney  Colvin, 
2  vols.,  $4.  net. — A  House  of  Pomegranates,  by 
Oscar  Wilde,  illus.  by  Jessie  M.  King,  $4.50  net. — 


La  Vita  Nuove,  The  New  Life  of  Dante,  trans,  by 

D.  G.  Rossetti,  illus.  by  Evelyn  Paul,  reproduced  in 
silver  after  the  manner  of  mediaeval   manuscripts, 
$3.  net.     (Brentano's.) 

Dante's  Divine  Comedy,  trans,  by  Henry  Johnson, 
$2.50  net.  (Yale  University  Press.) 

Universal  Dickens,  text  from  that  last  revised  by  the 
author,  with  his  prefaces  and  dedications,  illus.  by 
famous  artists,  per  set,  $22.  net;  per  vol.,  $1.  net. 
(Charles  Scribner's  Sons.) 

Oxford  English  Texts,  new  vols.:  The  Complete 
Works  of  Henry  Vaughan,  edited  by  L.  C.  Martin, 
2  vols.;  The  Poetical  Works  of  Robert  Herrick, 
edited  by  F.  W.  Moorman. —  Oxford  Editions  of 
Standard  Authors,  new  vols.:  Walton  and  Cotton's 
Complete  Angler,  with  Introduction  by  R.  B.  Mars- 
ton,  illus.;  The  Cloister  and  the  Hearth,  by  Charles 
Reade ;  The  Arabian  Nights,  a  selection,  illus. ; 
Hypatia,  by  Charles  Kingsley,  illus.  by  Byam 
Shaw. —  P.  Ovidi  Nasonis  Tristium,  edited  by  S.  G. 
Owen. —  Apulei  Apologia,  edited,  with  Introduction 
and  commentary,  by  H.  E.  Butler  and  A.  S.  Owen. 
—  The  Oxford  Translation  of  Aristotle,  selected 
parts  translated  by  J.  Solomon,  St.  George  Stock, 

E.  S.  Forster,  and  J.  F.  Dobson. —  The  Letters  of 
Sidonius,  trans.,  with  Introduction   and   notes,   by 
O.  M.  Dalton,  2  vols. —  The  World's  Classics,  new 
vols. :     Landor's  Imaginary   Conversations,  a  selec- 
tion, with  Introduction  by  E.  de  Selincourt;    Pres- 
cott's  History  of  Mexico,  with  Introduction  by  Mrs. 
Alec   Tweedie;     Six   Elizabethan   Plays,   edited  by 
C.  B.  Wheeler.     (Oxford  University  Press.) 

The  Home  Book  of  Verse,  compiled  by  Burton  E. 
Stevenson,  eight-volume  edition  printed  from  the 
plates  of  the  India  paper  edition,  per  set  $12.  net. 
(Henry  Holt  &  Co.) 

The  Complete  Works  of  Edgar  Allan  Poe,  Annabel 
edition,  illus.  in  photogravure  by  Frederick  Simpson 
Coburn,  10  vols.,  $20.  net.  (G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.) 

BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG. 

The  Lucky  Seventh,  by  Ralph  Henry  Barbour,  illus.  in 
color,  $1.30  net. —  Finding  His  Stride,  by  John  Har- 
bottle,  illus.  in  color,  $1.30  net. —  The  Guns  of 
Europe,  by  Joseph  A.  Altsheler,  illus.  in  color, 
$1.30  net. —  The  Star  of  Gettysburg,  by  Joseph  A. 
Altsheler,  illus.  in  color,  $1.30  net. —  The  Book  of 
Wireless,  by  A.  Frederick  Collins,  illus.,  $1.  net. — 
The  Book  of  the  Stars,  by  A.  Frederick  Collins, 
illus.,  $1.  net. — Appleton's  Boys'  Library,  new  vols. : 
The  Gray  Whale,  Flagship,  by  Sherwood  Dowling; 
The  Jackal  Patrol  of  Troop  Five,  by  Marshall  Jen- 
kins; The  War  for  the  Island;  each  with  frontis- 
piece, per  vol.,  50  cts.  net.  (D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

The  Land  of  Delight,  the  story  of  some  children  on  a 
pony  farm,  by  Josephine  Scribner  Gates,  illus., 
$1.  net. —  Little  Bird  Blue,  by  William  Lowell  Fin- 
ley  and  Irene  Finley,  illus.,  75  cts.  net. —  The  Whole 
Year  Round,  by  Dallas  Lore  Sharp,  one-volume  edi- 
tion, illus.,  $2.  net.  (Houghton  Mifflin  Co.) 

Arnold's  Little  Brother,  by  Edna  A.  Brown,  illus., 
$1.20  net. —  The  Red  House  Children's  Year,  by 
Amanda  M.  Douglas,  illus.,  $1.  net. —  The  Sleepy- 
time  Story-book,  by  Ruth  O.  Dyer,  illus.,  $1.  net. — 
When  I  Was  a  Boy  in  Belgium,  by  Robert  Jonck- 
heere,  illus.,  75  cts.  net.—  Flaxie  Frizzie  Stories,  by 
"  Sophie  May,"  new  popular  edition,  6  vols.,  each 
illus.,  per  vol.,  50  cts.  net.  (Lothrop,  Lee  &  Shep- 
ard  Co.) 

The  Boys'  Outdoor  Vacation  Book,  by  A.  Hyatt  Ver- 
rill,  illus.,  $1.25  net. —  Catcher  Craig,  by  Christy 
Mathewson,  illus.,  $1.25  net. —  Between  the  Lines  in 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


231 


France,  a  boy's  story  of  the  great  European  war,  by 
Franklin  T.  Ames,  illus.,  $1.  net.  (Dodd,  Mead  & 
Co.) 

True  Stories  of  Great  Americans,  first  vols. :  Robert 
E.  Lee,  by  Bradley  Oilman;  Captain  John  Smith, 
by  Eossiter  Johnson;  Benjamin  Franklin,  by  E. 
Lawrence  Dudley ;  Robert  Fulton,  "by  Alice  C.  Sut- 
cliffe;  each  illus.,  per  vol.,  50  cts.  net.  (Macmillan 
Co.) 

The  Cruise  of  the  Cormorant,  by  A.  Hyatt  Verrill, 
illus.,  $1.35  net. —  Short  Plays  about  Famous 
Authors,  Goldsmith,  Dickens,  Heine,  Fannie  Bur- 
ney,  and  Shakespeare,  by  Maud  Morrison,  Frank, 
$1.  net.  (Henry  Holt  &  Co.) 

The  Child's  Book  of  American  Biography,  by  Mary  S. 
Stimpson,  illus.,  $1.  net. —  The  Young  Rival  In- 
ventors, by  Gardner  Hunting,  illus.,  $1.  net. —  Bed- 
time Story-books,  by  Thornton  W.  Burgess,  new 
vols.:  The  Adventures  of  Danny  Meadow  Mouse; 
The  Adventures  of  Grandfather  Frog;  each  illus., 
per  vol.,  50  cts.  net.  (Little,  Brown  &  Co.) 
Boys  at  the  Front  in  the  Great  War  Series,  by  Allan 
Grant,  first  vols. :  A  Cadet  of  Belgium ;  In  Defence 
of  Paris;  each  illus.,  per  vol.,  60  cts.  net. —  The 
Knight  and  the  Dragon,  talks  to  boys  and  girls,  by 
Will  Reason,  M.A.,  50  cts.  net.  (George  H.  Doran 
Co.) 
Miss  Pat  and  Her  Sister,  by  Pemberton  Ginther,  illus., 

35  cts.  net.  (John  C.  Winston  Co.) 
In  Camp  and  Tepee,  an  Indian  mission  story,  by 
Elizabeth  M.  Page,  illus.,  $1.  net. —  Judson,  the  life 
story  of  the  first  missionary  to  the  Burmese  told  for 
boys  and  girls,  by  Jesse  Page,  illus.,  $1.  net. — A 
Hero  of  the  Afghan  Frontier,  the  life  story  of  T.  L. 
Pennell  retold  for  boys  and  girls,  by  Alice  M. 
Pennell,  illus.,  $1.  net. —  Missionary  Crusaders,  by 
Claude  Field,  illus.,  $1.  net. —  God's  Book  and  God's 
Boy,  by  A.  T.  Schauffler,  $1.  net.—  Children  of  Wild 
Australia,  by  Herbert  Pitts,  illus.  in  color, 
60  cts.  net.  (Fleming  H.  Revell  Co.) 
Hollow  Tree  Stories,  by  Albert  Bigelow  Paine,  illus., 

50  cts.  net.     (Harper  &  Brothers.) 
Indian  Legends  for  Camp  Fire  Girls,  by  Emelyn  New- 
comb  Partridge,  illus.,  $1.25  net. —  An  Agricultural 
Reader,  by  E.  E.  Miller,  illus.,  60  cts.  net.     (Sturgis 
&  Walton  Co.) 

On  the  Trail,  a  camping  book  for  girls,  by  Lina  and 
Adelia  D.  Beard,  illus.,  $1.50  net.     (Charles  Scrib- 
ner's  Sons.) 
Tales  from  the  Old  World  and  the  New,  by  Sophie  M. 

Collman,  illus.,  $1.75  net.     (Stewart  &  Kidd  Co.) 
The  Emerald  Story  Book,  by  Ada  and  Eleanor  Skin- 
ner, with  frontispiece  in  color,  $1.50  net.     (Duffield 
&  Co.) 
A  Child's  Guide  to  London,  by  A.  A.  Methley,  illus., 

$1.25  net.     (Brentano's.) 

The  Garden  Book  for  Young  People,  by  Alice  Louns- 
berry,  new  edition,  illus.,  $1.25  net.     (F.  A.  Stokes 
Co.) 
The  Polly  Page  Camping  Club,  by  Izola  L.  Forrester, 

illus.,  $1.  net.     (George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.) 
Favorite  Fairy  Tales  Retold,  by  Julia  Darrow  Cowles, 

75  ets.  net.     (A.  C.  MeClurg  &  Co.) 
Manual    of    the   Woodcraft    Indians,    the   fourteenth 
birch-bark  roll,  by   Ernest   Thompson   Seton,  illus., 
75  cts.  net.     (Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.) 
The  Boy  from  Reifel's  Ranch,  by  J.  S.  Ellis,  illus., 
$1.    net. —  Biff    McCarty,    a    boy    scout    story,    by 
Edwin  Puller,  illus.,  $1.  net.     (Methodist  Book  Con- 
cern.) 


A  Dog  of  Flanders,  by  "  Ouida,"  illustrated  edition, 
with  pictures  by  Maria  L.  Kirk,  50  cts.  net.  (J.  B. 
Lippincott  Co.) 

Letters  from  Brother  Bill,  'Varsity-sub,  to  Tad,  Cap- 
tain of  the  Beachville  High  School  Eleven,  illus., 
50  cts.  net.  (Thomas  Y.  Crowell  Co.) 

The  Squirrel's  Pilgrim's  Progress,  illus.,  75  cts.  net. 
(Laird  &  Lee.) 

BOOKS  OF  REFERENCE. 

A  Bibliography  of  Municipal  Government,  by  William 
Bennett  Munro,  LL.D.,  $4.  net.  (Harvard  Univer- 
sity Press.) 

The  American  Year  Book,  edited  by  Francis  G.  Wick- 
ware,  $3.  net.  (D.  Appleton  &  Co.) 

Writings  on  American  History,  1913,  a  bibliography 
of  books  and  articles  on  United  States  and  Cana- 
dian History  published  during  the  year  1913,  com- 
piled by  Grace  Gardner  Griffin,  $2.  net.  (Yale  Uni- 
versity Press.) 

Complete  Guide  to  Public  Speaking,  by  Grenville 
Kleiser,  $5.  net. —  Funk  &  Wagnalls  Desk  Standard 
Dictionary,  illus.,  $1.50  net. —  Funk  &  Wagnalls 
High  School  Standard  Dictionary,  $1.50  net.  (Funk 
&  Wagnalls  Co.) 

Bibliographical  Society  of  America,  papers,  edited  by 
A.  G.  S.  Josephson,  $2.  net.  (University  of  Chi- 
cago Press.) 

Tabular  Views  of  Universal  History,  a  series  of  chron- 
ological tables  of  events  from  earliest  times  to  1914, 
compiled  by  George  Palmer  Putnam,  A.M.,  and  con- 
tinued to  date  by  George  Haven  Putnam,  revised 
and  enlarged  edition,  $2.50  net.  (G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons.) 

Debating  for  Boys,  by  William  Horton  Foster,  $1.  net. 
—  Historical  Chart  of  the  European  Nations,  de- 
signed by  George  E.  Croscup,  50  cts.  net.  (Sturgis 
&  Walton  Co.) 

Laird  &  Lee's  Standard  Danish-Norwegian-English, 
English-Danish-'Niorwegian  Dictionary,  by  Henry 
Nissen,  cloth  50  cts.  net,  leather  $1.  net.  (Laird 
&  Lee.) 

Shattuck's  Parliamentary  Answers,  alphabetically  ar- 
ranged for  all  questions  likely  to  arise  in  women's 
organizations,  by  Harriette  R.  Shattuck,  50  cts.  net. 
(Lothrop,  Lee  &  Shepard  Co.) 

Glossary  of  Library  Terms  in  Eight  Languages,  by 
Axel  Moth,  75  cts.  net.— List  of  Series  and  Sequels 
for  Juvenile  Readers,  by  Katharine  H.  Wead, 
50  cts.  net.  (Boston  Book  Co.) 

The  Art  of  Speech  Making,  by  Nathaniel  C.  Fowler, 
Jr.,  50  cts.  net.  (Sully  &  Kleinteich.) 

Universal  Self -pronouncing  Dictionary,  "  Gtem  "  pocket 
edition,  20  cts.  net.  (John  C.  Winston  Co.) 

Robert's  Rules  of  Order,  rewritten  and  enlarged. 
(Scott,  Foresman  &  Co.) 

LAW  AND  EQUITY. 

Bracton's  De  Legibus  et  Consuetudinibus  Anglise,  ed- 
ited by  George  E.  Woodbine,  to  be  completed  in  6 
vols.,  Vol.  L,  $5.  net.  (Yale  University  Press.) 

The  Enforcement  of  Decrees  in  Equity,  by  Charles 
Andrews  Huston,  J.D. —  Cases  on  Constitutional 
Law,  Vols.  III.  and  IV.,  by  Eugene  Wambaugh, 
LL.D.,  per  vol.,  $1.25  net. —  Cases  on  Legal  Lia- 
bility, by  Joseph  Henry  Beale,  LL.D.,  $1.  net.— 
Readings  in  Roman  Law,  by  Roscoe  Pound,  second 
edition,  part  I. —  A  Selection  of  Cases  on  Civil  Pro- 
cedure, by  Austin  Wakeman  Scott,  LL.B.,  50  cts. 
net.  (Harvard  University  Press.) 


232 


THE    DIAL 


March  18 


Law   and    Its   Administration,   by   Harlan    F.    Stone, 

LL.D.     (Columbia  University  Press.) 
The  Heart  of  Blackstone,  principles  of  the  common 

law  in  simple  language,  by  Nanette  B.  Paul,  $1.  net. 

(Methodist  Book  Concern.) 

BOOKS  FOR  SCHOOL  AND  COLLEGE. 

The  King's  Highway  Series,  a  graded  system  of  ele- 
mentary moral  and  religious  education,  by  E.  Her- 
shey  Smith,  Ph.D.,  and  George  Hodges,  D.D.,  8 
vols.,  each  illus. — •  Societal  Evolution,  a  study  of  the 
evolutionary  basis  of  the  science  of  society,  by  Al- 
bert Galloway  Keller. —  Social  Science  Text-book 
Series,  edited  by  Richard  T.  Ely,  new  vols. :  Out- 
lines of  Sociology,  by  F.  W.  Blackmar  and  J.  L. 
Gillin;  Comparative  Free  Government,  by  Jesse 
Macy  and  John  W.  Gannaway;  The  New  American 
Government,  by  James  T.  Young. —  The  Control  and 
Leadership  of  Men,  by  Enoch  Burton  Gowin. —  A 
Student's  History  of  Education,  by  Frank  Pierre- 
pont  Graves. —  State  and  County  School  Adminis- 
tration, Vol.  II.,  Source  Book,  by  Ellwood  P. 
Cubberley  and  Edward  C.  Elliott. —  Hancock's  Ap- 
plied Mechanics  for  Engineers,  by  E.  L.  Hancock, 
rewritten  and  revised  by  Norman  C.  Riggs. —  Mod- 
ern Essays,  selected  and  edited  by  John  Milton 
Berdan,  John  Richie  Schultz,  and  Hewette  Elwell 
Joyce. —  A  Middle  English  Reader,  by  Oliver  F. 
Emerson,  revised  edition. —  The  Rural  Text-book 
Series,  edited  by  L.  H.  Bailey,  new  vols.:  The 
Principles  of  Soil  Management,  revised  and  rewrit- 
ten by  Thomas  Lyttleton  Lyon,  Elmer  O.  Fippin, 
and  Harry  Oliver  Buckman;  Principles  of  Flori- 
culture, by  Edward  A.  White. —  Elementary  Alge- 
bra, by  Florian  Cajori  and  Letitia  R.  Odell. —  A 
First  Year  in  French,  by  Eugene  Maloubier  and 
Justin  H.  Moore. —  Practical  Zoology,  by  Robert 
W.  Hegner. —  Pocket  Classics  Series,  new  vol.: 
Hugo's  Lea  Miserables,  edited  by  Douglas  Gordon 
Crawford. —  Elementary  History  of  the  United 
States,  by  John  Spencer  Bassett,  Ph.D. —  Cajori 
Arithmetics,  new  vols.:  The  Intermediate  Book; 
The  Grammar  School  Book. — A  Series  of  Rural 
Readers  for  Elementary  Schools,  by  Joseph  K. 
Hart. —  Health  Series  of  Physiology  and  Hygiene, 
by  M.  V.  O'Shea  and  J.  H.  Kellogg,  new  vols.: 
The  Body  in  Health;  Making  the  Most  of  Life. — 
The  New  Sloan  Readers,  by  Mrs.  Katharine  E. 
Sloan,  3  vols.  (Macmillan  Co.) 

The  English  Novel  before  the  Nineteenth  Century,  by 
Annette  Brown  Hopkins  and  Helen  Sard  Hughes. — 
Enunciation  and  Articulation,  by  Ella  M.  Boyce. — 
Typical  Newspaper  Stories,  by  H.  F.  Harrington. 

—  Principles  of  Composition,  by  Percy  H.  Boynton. 

—  Exercises  in  Composition,  by  Mary  E.  Bruce. — 
Readings  from  American  Literature,  by   Mary  E. 
Calhoun     and     Mary    L.     MacAlarney. —  Specimen 
Letters,  by  Albert  S.  Cook  and  Allen  R.  Burnham, 
60  cts.  net. — Genung  and  Hanson's  Outlines  of  Com- 
position   and    Rhetoric. —  Germany    since    1740,    by 
George    M.   Priest. —  Method   in    English   for   For- 
eigners, first  year,  by  Mary  Jimperieff. —  Readings 
in  American  History,  by  David  S.  Muzzey. —  Hague 
Arbitration  Cases,  by  George  G.  Wilson. —  Growth 
of  American  State  Constitutions,  by  James  O.  Dea- 
ley. —  Readings  on  the  Relation  of  Government  to 
Property    and    Industry,    by    Samuel    P.    Orth. — 
Geographic    Influences    in    Old    Testament   Master- 
pieces, by  Laura  H.  Wild,  illus.,  $1.  net. —  The  New 
Agriculture,  by  Henry  J.  Waters. —  The  Apple,  by 
Albert  E.  Wilkinson. —  Laboratory  Manual  of  Hor- 
ticulture, by   George   W.   Hood. —  Invertebrate    Zo- 
ology,   by    Henry     Sherring    Pratt,     $1.25    net. — 
Manual  of  Soil  Physics,  by  Percy  B.  Barker  and 


H.  J.  Young. —  First  Course  in  Chemistry,  by  Wil- 
liam McPherson  and  William  E.  Henderson. — 
Problems  in  the  Calculus,  by  David  B.  Lieb. —  Irv- 
ing's  Alhambra,  edited  by  Alice  H.  White. —  Scott's 
Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel,  edited  by  Margaret  An- 
drews.—  Andersen's  Fairy  Tales,  edited  by  J.  H. 
Stickney,  first  and  second  series. — ^Esop's  Fables, 
edited  by  J.  H.  Stickney,  illus. —  The  Arabian 
Night's  Entertainments,  edited  by  M.  A.  L.  Lane, 
illus. —  Middle  English  Reader,  by  Albert  S.  Cook. 

—  Latin  Selections,  by  Albert  A.  Howard,  $1.  net. 

—  The  Scholia  on  the  Aves  of  Aristophanes,  edited 
by  John  Williams  White. —  Porta  Latina,  by  Frank 
Gardner     Moore. —  Halevy's     L'Abbe      Constantin, 
edited  by  Katharine  Babbitt. —  Dumas's  Vingt  Ans 
Apres,  edited  by  O.  B.  Super. —  German  Grammar, 
by  Philip  S.  Allen  and  Paul  Herman  Phillipson. — 
German  Reader  for  Beginners,  by  M.  H.  Haertel. — 
Fiir  kleine  Leute,  by  Mrs.  Anna  Gronow. —  Gour- 
sat's  Functions   of   a   Complex   Variable,   Part    I., 
Vol.   II.,  by  E.  R.  Hedrick. —  Moore  and   Miner's 
Concise  Business  Arithmetic. —  Morrison's  Geometry 
Notebook. —  Student's  American  History,  by  David 
H.  Montgomery,  revised  edition.     (Ginn  &  Co.) 

Accounts,  their  construction  and  interpretation,  by 
William  Morse  Cole,  revised  and  enlarged  edition, 
$2.25  net. —  The  Study  and  Practice  of  Writing  En- 
glish, by  Gerhard  R.  Lomcr,  Ph.D.,  and  Margaret 
Ashmun,  M.A.,  $1.10  net. —  Riverside  Literature 
Series,  new  vols.:  Henry  Esmond,  by  William 
Makepeace  Thackeray,  revised  edition,  illus.,  75  cts. 
net;  Selected  Literary  Essays  from  James  Russell 
Lowell,  edited  by  Will  David  Howe  and  Norman 
Foerster,  60  ets.  net. —  Vocational  Arithmetic,  by 
H.  D.  Vincent,  A.M.,  55  cts.  net. —  Sense-plays  and 
Number-plays,  by  F.  Ashford,  65  cts.  net. —  Every- 
day Arithmetics,  Books  I.,  II.,  and  III.,  by  Franklin 
S.  Hoyt  and  Harriet  E.  Peet,  each  40  cts.  net. — 
Opera  Stories  from  Wagner,  by  Florence  Akin,  illus., 
45  cts.  net. —  The  Doers,  by  William  John  Hopkins, 
school  edition,  illus.  (Houghton  Mifflin  Co.) 

A  Text-book  of  Inorganic  Chemistry,  by  J.  Newton 
Friend  and  others,  Vol.  I.,  illus.,  $3.  net. —  A  Text- 
book of  Practical  Assaying,  by  James  Park,  illus., 
$2.50  net.— Practical  Field  Botany,  by  A.  R.  Hor- 
wood,  F.L.S.,  illus.,  $1.75  net.  (J.  B.  Lippincott 
Co.) 

The  James  Whiteomb  Riley  Reader,  selected  and 
graded  by  Charity  Dye,  illus.  in  color,  etc.,  50  cts. 
net.  (Bobbs-Merrill  Co.) 

Notes  to  "  A  Selection  of  Latin  Verse,"  by  Henry  D. 
Wild  and  others.  (Yale  University  Press.) 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Who  Built  the  Panama  Canal?  the  work  done  under 
Theodore  P.  Shonts,  by  W.  Leon  Pepperman,  illus. 
in  photogravures  reproduced  from  the  drawings  of 
Joseph  Pennell,  $2.  net.  (E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.) 

Rifles  and  Ammunition,  by  H.  Ommundsen  and  E.  H. 
Robinson,  $5.  net. —  Essentials  of  English  Speech 
and  Literature,  by  Frank  H.  Vizetelly,  LL.D.,  $1.50 
net. —  The  Development  of  the  Dictionary  of  the 
English  Language,  by  Frank  H.  Vizetelly,  LL.D., 
illus.,  $1.  net.  (Funk  &  Wagnalls  Co.) 

How  to  Write  Moving  Picture  Plays,  by  W.  L.  Gordon, 
$3.  net.  (Stewart  &  Kidd  Co.) 

A  B  C  of  Manners,  by  Anne  Seymour,  50  ets,  net. 
(Harper  &  Brothers.) 

The  Art  of  the  Photo  Play,  by  Eustace  Hale  Ball,  new 
edition,  $1.  net. —  Books,  as  seen  by  John  Hanry,  by 
George  V.  Hobart,  new  edition,  illus.,  75  cts.  net. — 
How  to  Write  a  Letter,  50  cts.  net.  (G.  W.  Dilling- 
ham  Co.) 


1915 


THE   DIAL 


233 


The  Hobby  Books,  new  vol. :     The  Microscope  and  Its 

Uses,  by  Wilfred   Mark  Webb,  illus.,  50  cts.  net. 

(Sully  &  Kleinteich.) 
Home  University  Library,  new  vol. :     The  Navy  and 

Sea  Power,  by  David  Haunay,  50  cts.  net.     (Henry 

Holt  &  Co.) 
Cartoons  in  Character,  pen  pictures  of  various  traits  of 

human   nature,    by   Allyn   K.    Foster,    50   cts.    net. 

(Association  Press.) 
An  Index  to  the  Adverbs  of  Terence,  by  E.  A.  Junks. 

(Oxford  University  Press.) 


L.IST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  67  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY  AND   REMINISCENCES. 

The  Life  of  Nietzsche.  By  Frau  Fdrster-Nietzsche; 
translated  by  Paul  V\  Cohn.  Volume  II.,  The 
Lonely  Nietzsche.  Illustrated,  large  8vo,  415 
pages.  Sturgis  &  Walton  Co.  $4.  net. 

And  that  Reminds  Me:  Being  Incidents  of  a  Life 
Spent  at  Sea,  and  in  the  Andaman  Islands, 
Burma,  Australia,  and  India.  By  Stanley  W. 
Coxon.  Illustrated,  large  8vo,  324  pages.  John 
Lane  Co.  $3.50  net. 

Napoleon  I.:  A  Biography.  By  August  Fournier; 
translated  by  Annie  Elizabeth  Adam,  with  In- 
troduction by  H.  A.  L.  Fisher,  M.A.  Second 
edition;  in  2  volumes,  with  photogravure 
frontispieces,  large  8vo.  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 
$3.50  net. 

HISTORY. 

Napoleon's  Russian  Campaign  of  1812.  By  Edward 
Foord.  Illustrated,  large  Svo,  407  pages.  Little, 
Brown  &  Co.  $4.  net. 

Narratives  of  the  Insurrections,  1675-1690.  Edited 
by  Charles  M.  Andrews,  Ph.D.  "  Original  Nar- 
ratives of  Early  American  History."  Large  Svo, 
414  pages.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $3.  net. 

Journals  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  Virginia, 
1659  and  1660-93.  Edited  by  H.  R.  Mcllwaine. 
4to,  529  pages.  Virginia:  Virginia  State  Library. 

Select  English  Historical  Documents  of  the  Ninth 
and  Tenth  Centuries.  Edited  by  F.  E.  Harmer, 
B.A.  Svo,  142  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

The  Indians  of  Greater  New  York.  By  Alanson 
Skinner.  With  map,  12mo,  150  pages.  Cedar 
Rapids:  The  Torch  Press.  $1.  net. 

Report  of  the  Chicago  Historical  Society,  1914. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  146  pages.  Chicago:  Pub- 
lished by  the  Society.  Paper. 

GENERAL   LITERATURE. 

The  World  of  H.  G.  Wells.  By  Van  Wyck  Brooks. 
12mo,  189  pages.  Mitchell  Kennerley.  $1.25  net. 

The  Gothic  History  of  Jordanes:  In  English  Ver- 
sion with  an  Introduction  and  a  Commentary. 
By  Charles  Christopher  Mierow,  Ph.D.  Svo,  188 
pages.  Princeton  University  Press.  $1.75  net. 

George  Bernard  Shaw:  Harlequin  or  Patriot?  By 
John  Palmer.  16mo,  81  pages.  Century  Co. 
50  cts.  net. 

Memories  and  Milestones.  By  John  Jay  Chapman. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  270  pages.  Moffat,  Yard  & 
Co.  $1.25  net. 

Law  and  Letters:  Essays  and  Addresses.  By  S.  W. 
Dana.  Svo,  151  pages.  Richard  G.  Badger. 
$1.50  net. 

The  Small  House  at  Alllngton.  By  Anthony  Trol- 
lope.  "New  Century  Library."  With  frontis- 
piece, 16mo,  717  pages.  Thomas  Nelson  &  Sons. 

DRAMA  AND   VERSE. 
The   Theatre   of   Ideas:     A   Burlesque   Allegory   and 

Three   One-act   Plays.     By   Henry  Arthur   Jones. 

With    portrait,     12mo,    173    pages.       George    H. 

Doran  Co.       $1.  net. 
Plays.     By  Leonid  Andreyeff;    translated   from  the 

Russian,     with     introductory     essay,     by     V.     V. 

Brusyanin.       With     portrait,     12mo,     214     pages. 

Charles  Scribner's  Sons.     $1.50  net. 
How    to    Produce    Children's    Plays.      By    Constance 

D'Arcy  Mackay.     12mo,   151  pages.     Henry  Holt 

&  Co.     $1.20  net. 

A  Belgian  Christmas  Eve:  Being  "  Rada "  Re- 
written and  Enlarged  as  an  Episode  of  the  Great 

War.      By   Alfred  -Noyes.      Illustrated,    12mo,    70 

pages.     F.  A.  Stokes  Co.     $1.  net. 


Dawn,  and  Other  One-act  Plays  of  Life  To-day. 
By  Percival  Wilde.  12mo,  168  pages.  Henry 
Holt  &  Co.  $1.20  net. 

Across  the  Border:  A  Play  of  the  Present.  By 
Beulah  Marie  Dix.  Illustrated,  12mo,  96  pages. 
Henry  Holt  &  Co.  80  cts.  net. 

Creation:  Post-Impressionist  Poems.  By  Horace 
Holley.  16mo,  64  pages.  Mitchell  Kennerley. 

Captain  Cralgi  A  Book  of  Poems.  By  Edwin  Ar- 
lington Robinson.  Revised  edition,  with  addi- 
tional poems;  12mo,  182  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

FICTION. 

Arundel.  By  E.  F.  Benson.  12mo,  351  pages. 
George  H.  Doran  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Through  Stained  Glass.  By  George  Agnew  Cham- 
berlain. 12mo,  359  pages.  Century  Co.  $1.30  net. 

Brunei's  Tower.  By  Eden  Phillpotts.  12mo,  495 
pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50  net. 

The  Man  of  Iron.  By  "  Richard  Dehan."  12mo,  667 
pages.  F.  A.  Stokes  Co.  $1.35  net. 

Blue  Blood  and  Red.  By  Geoffrey  Corson.  12mo, 
395  pages.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

The  Valley  of  Fear:  A  Sherlock  Holmes  Novel.  By 
Sir  Arthur  Conan  Doyle.  Illustrated,  12mo,  320 
pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Pepper.  By  "  Holworthy  Hall."  12mo,  316  pages. 
Century  Co.  $1.30  net. 

Red  Fleece.  By  Will  Levington  Comfort.  12mo, 
287  pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co.  $1.25  net. 

A  Siren  of  the  Snows.  By  Stanley  Shaw.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  328  pages.  Little,  Brown  &  Co. 
$1.30  net. 

Martha  of  the  Mennonlte  Country.  By  Helen  R. 
Martin.  With  frontispiece,  12mo,  318  pages. 
Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

The  Veils  of  Isls,  and  Other  Stories.  By  Frank 
Harris.  12mo,  312  pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

A  Reluctant  Adam.  By  Sidney  Williams.  With 
frontispiece,  12mo,  316  pages.  Houghton  Mifflm 
Co.  $1.35  net. 

Moonglade.  By  the  author  of  "  The  Martyrdom  of 
an  Empress."  With  portrait,  12mo,  352  pages. 
Harper  &  Brothers.  $1.35  net. 

A  Drop  in  Infinity.  By  Gerald  Grogan.  12mo,  325 
pages.  John  Lane  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Patricia.  By  Edith  Henrietta  Fowler  (Hon.  Mrs. 
Robert  Hamilton).  12mo,  438  pages.  G.  P.  Put- 
nam's Sons.  $1.35  net. 

Lieutenant  What's-His-Name.  Elaborated  from 
Jacques  Futrelle's  "  The  Simple  Case  of  Susan  " 
by  May  Futrelle.  With  frontispiece,  12mo,  322 
pages.  Bobbs-Merrill  Co.  $1.25  net. 

TRAVEL  AND   DESCRIPTION. 
A    Pilgrim's    Scrip.       By    R.     Campbell    Thompson. 

Illustrated  in  photogravure,  etc.,  large  Svo,  345 

pages.     John  Lane  Co.     $3.50  net. 
Byways    around     San    Francisco    Bay.       By    W.     E. 

Hutchinson.     Illustrated,  12mo,  184  pages.     The 

Abingdon  Press.     $1.  net. 
India:     Its   Life   and   Thought.      By    John    P.    Jones, 

D.D.     New  edition;    illustrated,  12mo,  448  pages. 

Macmillan  Co.     $1.50  net. 
The  Panama  Gateway.     By  Joseph  Bucklin  Bishop. 

New  and  revised  edition;    illustrated,  large  Svo, 

461  pages.     Charles  Scribner's  Sons.     $1.50  net. 

PUBLIC  AFFAIRS SOCIOLOGY  AND 

ECONOMICS. 

The  Democracy  of  the  Constitution,  and  Other 
Addresses  and  Essays.  By  Henry  Cabot  Lodge. 
Svo,  297  pages.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $1.50  net. 

Practical  Tropical  Sanitation.  By  W.  Alex  Muir- 
head.  Illustrated,  Svo,  288  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  & 
Co.  $3.50  net. 

Out  of  Work:  A  Study  of  Unemployment.  By 
Frances  A.  Kellor.  12mo,  569  pages.  G.  P.  Put- 
nam's Sons.  $1.50  net. 

Practical  Banking!  With  a  Survey  of  the  Federal 
Reserve  Act.  By  Ralph  Scott  Harris.  12mo,  309 
pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.75  net. 

The  American  Girl:  Her  Education,  Her  Responsi- 
bility, Her  Recreation,  Her  Future.  By  Anne 
Morgan.  With  portrait,  16mo,  66  pages.  Harper 
&  Brothers.  50  cts.  net. 

Social  Evolution.  By  Benjamin  Kidd.  Revised  edi- 
tion; 12mo,  404  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50  net. 

THE  GREAT  WAR  —  ITS  HISTORY,  PROBLEMS, 
AND  CONSEQUENCES. 

Pan-Americanism:  A  Forecast  of  the  Inevitable 
Clash  between  the  United  States  and  Europe's 
Victor.  By  Roland  G.  Usher,  Ph.D.  Svo,  466 
pages.  Century  Co.  $1.60  net. 

Origins  and  Destiny  of  Imperial  Britain  and  Nine- 
teenth Century  Europe.  By  J.  A.  Cramb.  With 
portrait,  Svo,  276  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 
$1.50  net. 


234 


THE   DIAL 


[  March  18 


Are  We  Ready?  By  Howard  D.  Wheeler;  with 
Letter  by  Leonard  Wood.  Illustrated,  8vo,  228 
pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Germany,  France,  Russia,  and  Islam.  By  Heinrich 
von  Treitschke;  translated  into  English,  with 
Foreword  by  George  Haven  Putnam.  With  por- 
trait, 12mo,  336  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 
$1.50  net. 

German  World  Policies.  By  Paul  Rohrbach;  trans- 
lated by  Edmund  von  Mach.  12mo,  243  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Appetite  of  Tyranny:  Including  Letters  of  an 
Old  Garibaldian.  By  G.  K.  Chesterton.  12mo, 
122  pages.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

How  Belgium  Saved  Europe.  By  Charles  Sarolea; 
with  Preface  by  Count  Goblet  D'Alviella.  12mo, 
227  pages.  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  $1.  net. 

Germany  Embattled:  An  American  Interpretation. 
By  Oswald  Garrison  Villard.  12mo,  181  pages. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $1.  net. 

Can  Germany  "Win?  The  Aspirations  and  Resources 
of  Its  People.  By  an  American.  12mo,  163  pages. 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.  net. 

Stultitia:  A  Nightmare  and  an  Awakening  in  Four 
Discussions.  By  a  former  government  official. 
With  frontispiece,  12mo,  180  pages.  F.  A.  Stokes 
Co.  $1.  net. 

Belgium  in  War:  A  Record  of  Personal  Experi- 
ences. By  J.  H.  Whitehouse,  M.P.  Illustrated, 
12mo,  28  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  Paper. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Field  Book  of  American  Trees   and   Shrubs.      By   F. 

Schuyler  Mathews.  Illustrated  in  color,  etc., 
12mo,  465  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $2.  net. 

Essentials  of  English  Speech  and  Literature.  By 
Frank  H.  Vizetelly,  LL.D.  12mo,  408  pages. 
Funk  &  Wagnalls  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Practical  Talks  on  Farm  Engineering:.  By  R.  P. 
Clarkson,  S.S.  Illustrated,  12mo,  223  pages. 
Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

Table  Service.  By  Lucy  G.  Allen.  Illustrated, 
12mo,  128  pages.  Little,  Brown  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Heart  of  Blackstone;  or,  Principles  of  the 
Common  Law.  By  Nanette  B.  Paul,  LL.B. ;  with 
Introduction  by  Thomas  H.  Anderson.  12mo,  247 
pages.  The  Abingdon  Press.  $1.  net. 

Buddhist  Psychology.  By  C.  A.  F.  Rhys  Davids. 
"The  Quest  Series."  12mo,  212  pages.  Mac- 
millan Co.  $1.  net. 


WILLIAM  DOXEY 

AUTHORS'  AND  PUBLISHERS'  LITERARY  AGENT 

535  S.  WABASH  AVENUE.  CHICAGO 

MANUSCRIPTS   READ  AND   REPORTED....  MANUSCRIPTS  PREPARED  FORTHE 


CORRESPONDENCE   INVITED 


99 


is  a  new  and  unique  system  of  abbreviated  writing  which  can  be 
written  either  with  a  pen  or  on  a  typewriter.  By  its  assistance  an 
hour's  typewriting  can  be  done  in  thirty  minutes.  Invaluable  for 
those  who  feel  the  need  of  saving  time  in  writing,  but  who  lack 
the  time  needed  to  master  stenography. 

Price,  cloth  bound,  $1.25,  postpaid. 

Descriptive  circular  free  upon  request. 
BLUE  STAR  PUBLISHING  CO..  261  Broadway,  New  York 


'Sir  Oliver  Lodge's  British  Association 
Address" 

•By 

PROFESSOR  EDWIN  H.  HALL  of  Harvard 
The  Harvard  Theological  Review  for  April 


You  Could  Not  Read 
10,000  Books  a  Year 

You  would  not  want  to  if  you  could,  but  you 
would  probably  like  to  know  which  of  them  were 
worth  reading. 

That  was  approximately  the  number  of  books 
published  last  year. 

We  read  them  all   and  sorted  out  the  best. 

We  will  do  the  same  this  year  —  that  is  the 
chief  business  of 

The  Book  News  Monthly 

and  besides  being  your  literary  critic,  we  intro- 
duce to  you,  in  an  intimate  manner,  the  authors 
of  to-day. 

We  tell  you  of  fascinating,  out-of-the-way 
places  —  the  sort  that  charm  the  traveler. 
We  give  serials  of  the  best  type  of  fiction — 
Twelve  authors'  portraits,  size  7  in.xlO  in. — 
Twelve  colored  frontispiece  pictures  worth 
framing. 

A  literary  guide,  and  a  magazine  of  entertain- 
ment and  instruction  for  $1.00  a  year,  10  cents 
a  copy. 

Sample  copy  on  request. 

THE  BOOK  NEWS  MONTHLY 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


THE  GREAT  TURNING  MOVEMENT 

of  modern  times 


is  to 
"JUST  TURN  THE  KNOB"  on  the 

MULTIPLEX  HAMMOND 

and  change  instantly  from  one  style  of  type,  or  one  lan- 
guage, to  another. 

TWO  STYLES  OF  TYPE,  or  two  languages,  ALWAYS 
ON  THE  MACHINE. 

"The  Favorite  Typewriter  of  Literary  Workers.'" 
Write  TO-DAY  for  Multiplex  Literature  to 

The  Hammond  Typewriter  Company 

69th  Street  and  East  River  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


235 


MRS.  RACHEL  WEST  CLEMENT 

Experienced  Authors'  Agent,  Reader  and  Critic,  Specializing  in  Short 

Stories.     Reading  fee,  $1.00  for  5,000  words  or  under,  includes  short 

criticism.  Circulars  on  request. 

6646  Germantown  Ave.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


ROGER  S.  BOARDMAN 

BLOOMFIELD,  N.  J. 
Preparation  of  MANUSCRIPTS,  INDEXING 

Expert  proof-reading,  miscellaneous  literary  work.  University  educa- 
tion, 10  years'  experience  with  leading  printing-houses.  Foreign- 
language  and  text-book  work  a  specialty.  Highest  references. 


The  only  general  literary  magazine 

specifically  devoted  to  the  interests 

of  the  Middle  West 

The  Midland 

Some  of  the  contributors:  Arthur  Davison 
Ficke,  Keene  Abbott,  Mrs.  Coburn  of  the 
Coburn  players,  William  Ellery  Leonard, 
H.  B.  Alexander  and  Octave  Thanet. 

Published  monthly  at  Iowa  City,  Iowa.    $1.50  a  year. 
Sample  copies  gladly  furnished. 


OUR  NEW  CLEARANCE 
CATALOGUE 


NOW  READY 


Issued  in  a  New  Form.     Contains  Over  750 
Titles.     Every  Title  Briefly  Described. 

In  so  great  a  number  of  books,  taken  from  the  over- 
stock of  the  largest  wholesale  dealers  in  the  books  of 
all  publishers,  you  will  surely  find  some  you  will 
want.  Shall  we  send  you  a  copy  of  the  Clearance 
Catalogue? 

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO. 

33-37  East  Seventeenth  Street          Union  Square  North 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


Just  Published 


By  the  late  Walter  Herbert  Small,  A.  M. 
'  I  'HE  author  of  this  new  book  devoted  much  of  his 
1  life  to  a  study  of  the  early  educational  conditions  in 
New  England.  The  work,  which  fills  an  important  gap 
in  historical  studies,  includes  chapters  on  the  New 
England  grammar  school  up  to  and  after  1700;  The 
Ancient  Schoolmaster;  Schoolmasters'  Salaries;  The 
Dame  School,  and  the  School  Dame;  Heating  and  the 
School  Wood  Tax;  The  Early  Education  of  Girls; 
Enforcement  of  Laws  against  Illiteracy ;  etc.  $2.00  net. 


GINN  &  COMPANY,  Trade  Department 
29  Beacon  Street  BOSTON 


ART  vs.  PROFIT 

Do  you  wish  to  succeed  at  writing?  Then  forget  that  you  want 
to  make  money  out  of  it,  and  devote  yourself  to  doing  your  work 
well;  thus  will  you  achieve  artistic  excellence,  and  profit  will 
follow.  Let  us  send  you  free  our  beautiful  correspondence-study 
catalogue.  The  sight  of  it  is  an  sesthetic  tonic  ;  its  contents  will 
be  a  revelation  to  you.  We  offer  over  100  courses  for  the  writer. 

School  of  Literary  Craftsmanship  and  Aesthetics 

WASHINGTON.  D.  C. 


The 
Guide 
to  the 
New 
Books 


The  A.  L.  A.  Booklist, 

the  annotated  monthly 
magazine  published  by 
the  American  Library 
Association  with  the 
co-operation  of  special- 
ists the  country  over. 

One  Dollar  the  Year 

78  East  Washington 
Street  Chicago 


LOOSE-LEAF  DEVICES 
for  LIBRARY  RECORDS 

Make  your  work  easier,  quicker,  better.     Use 

Loose  -  Leaf    Accession    Records 
and  Borrowers'  Registers 

They   are  made  to  be  used  in  a  typewriter.     For 

your  library  this  means 
Economy     Speed     Accuracy     Neatness 

Order  from 
LIBRARY  SUPPLIES  DEPARTMENT 

DEMOCRAT  PRINTING  COMPANY 

MADISON.  WIS. 


Bismarck  and  German  Unity 

By  MUNROE  SMITH 

Professor  of  Roman  Law  and  Comparative  Jurisprudence 

in  Columbia  University 
Second  Edition,  revised  and  enlarged.   |i.oo  net. 

This  little  volume,  first  published  in  1898  at  the  time  of 
Bismarck's  death  and  revised  in  IQIO,  is  still  the  best  short 
sketch  of  his  life  and  influence  and  should  be  of  interest  in 
view  ol  the  approaching  centenary  of  his  birth. 

Studies  in  Southern  History 
and  Politics 

Edited  by  J  AMES  W.  GARNER 

Professor  of  Political  Science  in  the  University  of  Illinois 
8vo,  cloth,  pp.  viii  +  394.    Price  $2.50  net. 

A  collection  of  fifteen  articles  on  topics  relating  to  the 
South  by  professors  in  various  colleges  and  universities  of 
the  country. 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 


LEMCKE  AND  BUECHNER,  Agents 


30-32  West  27th  Street 


NEW  YORK 


236 


THE   DIAL 


March  18 


Fli/|      HOI    I  Y   AUTHORS'   AND  PUBLISHERS' 
.  m.    rHJL.L.1  REPRESENTATIVE 

156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York          (  Kxtablishrd  1905J 
RATES  AND  FULL  INFORMATION  WILL  BE  SENT  ON  REQUEST 


THE  NEW  YORK  BUREAU  OF  REVISION 

Thirty-fifth  Year.  LETTERS  OF  CRITICISM,  EXPERT 
REVISION  OF  MSS.  Advice  as  to  publication.  Address 
DR.  TITUS  M.  CO  AN,  424  W.  1 19th  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


AUTHORS! 


We  can  sell  your  stories,  poems,  etc. 
Terms,  15%.    Also  expert  criticism, 
revision  and  typing  of  MSS.  Write  for 
circular.    W.  LABBERTON  CO.,  1308  Hoe  Ave.,  New  York  City. 


FACTS,  STATISTICS 

and  other  material  for  addresses,  reports,  essays.  Literary 
advice  and  criticism.  Revision  and  correction  of  MSS.  Gen- 
ealogical research.  Bureau  of  Research,  New  Albany,  Ind 

MANUSCRIPTS 
CRITICISED       REVISED        PLACED 

N.  SHEPPARD 

149  WEST  14TH  STREET  NEW  YORK  CITY 

If  you  want  result*  send  stamp  for  circular 


American  Short  Stories  and  Play*  wanted  for  Italy.  Russia, 
France,  Austria  and  Scandinavia. 

Expert  Criticism,  Translation  and  the  Placing  of  Manuscripts. 
Oldest   Established  Litersry  Agency  in  Europe. 
(Founded  in  1880  by  Paul  Hertzmann,  M.  A.,  Ph.  D.) 

Fees  (which  must  accompany  typed  manuscript  in  registered  letter)  as  follows: 
Two  dollars  for  Short  Story  under  3,000  words.     Five  dollars  for  Story  under 

10,000  words.    Ten  dollars  for  plays. 
THE  ITALIAN  LITERARY  AGENCY 

60  Piazza  di  Spagni,  Rome,   Italy 
" Exferitnud,  efficient."  Gabriele  D'Annunzio. 


MSS.  SUCCESSFULLY  PLACED 

Criticised,  Revised,  Typed 

Send  for  Leaflet  D 

References : 
Edwin  Markham  and  others.    Established  1890. 

UNITED  LITERARY  PRESS,  123  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 


Library  School 

of  the 

New  York  Public  Library 

Entrance  examinations,  June  4. 
One  year  course  for  certificate. 
Two  year  course  for  diploma. 

Send  to  M.  W.  PLUMMER,  Principal, 
476  Fifth  Avenue,  for  descriptive  circular 


BOOKS  (Secondhand)  Catalogues,  including  Americana,  post  free 
B.  ATKINSON,  97  Sunderland  Road,  Forest  Hill,  LONDON,  ENG. 

DrhnVC  ALL  OUT-OF-PRINT  BOOKS  SUPPLIED. 
DvJ \J  IVO .  no  matter  on  what  subject.  Write  us.  We  can  get 

you  any  book  ever  published.  Please  state  wants.  Catalogue  free. 
BAKER'S  GREAT  BOOK  SHOP.  14-16  Bright  St.,  BIEMIHOHAM,  E»«. 

U/"M'"|V'C  Over  1,000,000  volumes  second  hand  at  half  price.  New, 
Dvxv/J^O  25%  discount.  State  wants.  Catalogue  free.  Books 
bought.  FOYLE,  121  Charing  Cross  Road,  London,  England. 

SECOND-HAND  BOOKS.    General  Literature,   ist  Editions. 

Enquiries  esteemed.     Frequent  catalogues  post  free. 

GORFIN,  82A.  CHARING  CROSS  ROAD.  LONDON.  W.  C. 

W.  HEFFER  &  SONS,  LTD. 

BOOKSELLERS 

CAMBRIDGE,  ENGLAND 

Just  issued,  Catalogue  No.  130.  History,  Philosophy,  Theology, 
Literature  and  Travel.  Catalogue  No.  131.  Books  on  India,  Central 
Asia,  The  Sudan,  etc.  Classified  catalogues  issued  regularly.  Let 
us  register  your  name  for  catalogues,  and  send  us  your  List  of 
Wants.  We  carry  an  immense  stock. 


The  Advertising  Representative  of  THE  DIAL 
in  England  is 

MR.  DAVID  H.  BOND 

407,  Bank  Chambers,  Chancery  Lane,  London,  W.  C., 

who  can  furnish  full  information  regarding  rates,  etc., 
and  through  whom  advertising  orders  may  be  sent. 


CATALOGUE  of  UNCOMMON  BOOKS 

Relating  to  the  American  Revolution,  Civil  War, 
Indians,  Lincoln,  Canada,  Etc. 

CATALOGUE  OF 

FIRST  EDITIONS  of  ENGLISH  and 
AMERICAN  AUTHORS 


C.  GERH  ARDT  &  CO.,  1 20  East  59th  St.,  New  York 


ARE  books  and  first  editions  collected 
and  arranged  for  people  who  are  too 
busy  to  attend  to  the  forming  of  libraries. 

Address  E.  V.,  Boston  Transcript 
BOSTON,  MASS. 


ONE  OF  OUR  BOOK  BARGAINS 

Pausanias's 
Description  of  Greece 

Published  Price.  $35.00,  Our  Price,  $18.50 

THE  H.  R.  HUNTTING  CO.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


AFTER  DEATH  IN  ARABIA.  By  Sir  Edwin  Arnold. 
Ribbon-tied  booklet,  3^  x 4%  inches.  Single  copies,  25  cents.  One 
dozen,  $2.00,  postpaid,  on  receipt  of  price.  POMEROY  GREEN,  120 
West  Elm  Street,  Chicago. 


Hinds  and  Noble.  31-33-35  West  15th  St.,  N.  Y.  City.    Write  for  Catalogue. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


237 


Can  You  Imagine 

a  friend,  interested  as  you  are  in  all  kinds  of 
literary  work,  who  would  come  to  you  fort- 
nightly to  discuss  your  writing  in  frank, 
common-sense  fashion? 

This  friend  would  not  talk  too  much  at  each  visit.  He 
would  not  keep  you  too  long  from  your  new  story  or  essay 
or  poem.  His  friendships  among  other  writers  —  successful 
and  aspiring  to  be  successful  —  and  among  editors  would 
be  such  that  he  would  refine  for  you,  in  preparation  for 
each  visit,  practical,  helpful  advice  from  these  folk  that 
would  send  you  to  your  desk  with  a  new  outlook  on  your 
work  and  new  inspiration  to  make  it  more  successful. 
This  friend  would  look  carefully  over  about  i  ,000  magazines 
each  month  to  discover  for  you  news  that  would  enable  you 
to  keep  abreast  of  the  manuscript  requirements  of  editors. 
He  would  find  correspondents  who  would  glean  2,000  more 
magazines  and  papers  for  you  so  that  you  would  always 
know  in  advance  of  prize  contests,  changes  in  editorial 
policies,  suspensions,  changes  of  address,  requirements  of 
new  publications,  film  manufacturers,  etc.  Your  imagina- 
tion goes  no  further.  A  friend  of  this  admirable  type  would 
have  to  be  superhuman. 

There  is  such  a  friend  —  it's  a  very  human,  kindly 
little  magazine—  THE  EDITOR,  which  makies 
profitable  and  pleasant  fortnightly  visits  to  the  elect 
of  the  writing  fraternity.  Be  one  of  the  elect  —  one 
of  those  who  elect  to  leave  nothing  undone  that  will 
contribute  to  success.  The  fee  is  $2.00  —  it  pays 

IN  THE  APRIL  NUMBER  OF 

THE  YALE  REVIEW 

are  broad,  significant  and  permanent  arti- 
cles on  the  war  and  on  economic,  historical 
and  religious  life  and  literature.  They  con- 
stitute reading  of  a  kind  in  which  you  can- 
not to-day  afford  to  economize.    The  titles 
and  authors  are: 

APR1LNUMBER:  ENGLAND'S  EXPERIENCE 
WITH  "THE   REAL  THING,"  L.  P.  Jacks; 
NATIONALITY  AND  THE  NEW  EUROPE, 
Archibald  Gary  Coolidge;  IMPERIALISM  AND 
THE  CHRISTIAN  IDEAL,  Benjamin  W.  Bacon; 
NEUTRALIZATION  IN  THEORY  AND 
PRACTICE,  George  G.  Wilson;  ENGLISH  LIT- 
ERATURE IN  FRANCE,  Emile  Legouis;  THE 
MAKER  OF  IMAGES,   Brian  Hooker;  THE 
JOURNEYING  ATOMS,  John  Burroughs;  THE 
RAILROAD  CRISIS:  A  WAY  OUT,  Ray  Morris; 
AN   APOLOGY    FOR   OLD    MAIDS,    Henry 
Dwight  Sedgwick;  OVID  AMONG  THE  GOTHS, 
Gamaliel  Bradford;  THE  UNITY  OF  THE 
CHURCHES;   Newman  Smyth;  THE  TRUE 
CONCORD,  Frances  Barber;  GRIEF,  A.  MacLeish; 
WALPOLE  AND  FAMILIAR  CORRESPON- 
DENCE, Chauncey  B.  Tinker;  XANTHIPPE 
ON  WOMAN  SUFFRAGE,  Duffield  Osborne; 
BOOK  REVIEWS. 

tor  £b  tortnigntly  numbers  or  1  Hfc,  t,Ul  1  UK  tor 
one  year.  (Single  copy  ten  cents.) 

THE  EDITOR 

To  THE  YALE  REVIEW,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Please  enter  my  subscription  to  The  Yale  Review  for  one  year 
beginning  with  the  April,  1915,  number.    Inclosed  is  $2.50  in  pay- 
ment of  my  order. 

BOX  509  RIDGEWOOD,  NEW  JERSEY 

Address 

REPUBLIC 

Published  IPSehly 
Saturday  yth  November  1914 


A  Weekly  Journal  of 

Critical  Comment  on 

National  Affairs 


TEN  CENTS  A  COPY 
FOUR  DOLLARS  A  YEAR 


"The  New  Republic's  editorial  (on 
Lincoln,  Feb.  6  issue)  has  been  reprinted 
in  more  American  newspapers  than  any 
other  writing  done  in  the  past  ten  years." 

—  Montgomery  (Ala.)  Advertiser. 

This  within  the  first  four  months  of 
publication  is  the  highest  possible  claim  on 
the  interest  of  the  intelligent  reader.  The 
New  Republic  is  sharp  but  good-natured 

—radical  but  well-balanced;  constructive 
and  optimistic;  and  of  true  literary  merit. 
It  plays  no  favorites,  respects  no  taboos, 
urges  no  "panaceas."  It  is  a  weekly 
for  all  thinking  Americans. 


Three  months  trial  offer,  one  dollar. 

THE  NEW  REPUBLIC 

421  West  Twenty-First  Street 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


238 


THE    DIAL 


[March  18 


A  New  Edition  of  a  Famous  Anthology 

Now  issued  in  a  beautiful  new  form  printed  on 
special  India  paper.  A  delightful  volume  in  every 
way,  the  thin  paper  making  a  compact  handy  size 
for  the  pocket  or  traveling  bag. 


Compiled  by 
FRANCIS  F.  BROWNE 

Editor  "Poems  of  the  Civil  War," 

Laurel  Crowned  Verse,"  etc.; 

author  "Everyday  Life  of 

Lincoln,"  etc- 


GOLDEN  POEMS  contains  more  of 
everyone' s  favorites  than  any  other  collection 
at  a  popular  price,  and  has  besides  the  very 
best  of  the  many  fine  poems  that  have  been 
written  in  the  last  few  years. 

GOLDEN  POEMS  (by  British  and 
American  Authors)  has  550  selections  from 
300  writers,  covering  the  whole  range  of 
English  literature. 

GOLDEN  POEMS  is  a  fireside  volume 
for  the  thousands  of  families  who  love  poetry. 
It  is  meant  for  those  who  cannot  afford  all 
the  collected  works  of  their  favorite  poets  — 
it  offers  the  poems  they  like  best,  all  in  one 
volume. 

The  selections  in  GOLDEN  POEMSare 
classified  according  to  their  subjects:  BY  THE 
FIRESIDE;  NATURE'S  VOICES;  DREAMS 
AND  FANCIES;  FRIENDSHIP  AND  SYM- 
PATHY; LOVE;  LIBERTY  AND  PATRIOT- 
ISM; BATTLE  ECHOES;  HUMOR;  PATHOS 
AND  SORROW;  THE  BETTER  LIFE;  SCAT- 
TERED LEAVES. 

GOLDEN  POEMS,  with  its  wide  appeal, 
attractively  printed  and  beautifully  bound, 
makes  an  especially  appropriate  gift. 


Flexible  blue  cloth  binding,  red  under  gold  edges. 

$2.75  net 
Full  brown  Morocco,   under  goid  edges,   $4.00  net 


A.  C.  McCLURG  &  CO. 


CHICAGO 


1  he  House  of  ohepard 


The  home  of 

The  Dial 

Books  of  the  Month 

The  Inland  Printer 

Business  Equipment  Journal 

Extension  Magazine 


WE  ARE  EXCEPTIONALLY  WELL-EQUIPPED 
FOR  THE  SPEEDY  PRODUCTION  OF  EVERY 
PHASE  OF  HIGH-GRADE  PRINTING 


Creative  Service 

Campaign  Planning          Copy-writing  Editing          Compiling 

Research  and  investigation  for  advertising  purposes 

Designing  Engraving 

Photo  Process  on  Zinc  and  Copper  in  Line  and  Half-tone 

Wood  Engraving  Wax  Engraving 

Steel  and  Copper  Plate  Engraving  and  Printing 

Typesetting 
Monotype,  Linotype  and  Hand  Composition 

Presswork 

Flat-Bed  and  Automatic 
Magazines,  Catalogs,  Boob  and  Color-Printing 

Hot  and  Cold  Embossing 

Stippling 
Exceptional  Facilities  for  Highest-Grade  Work 

Binding 

De  Luxe  Editions  Pamphlets  and  Blank  Books 

Hand  and  Machine  Sewed  Books  Stamping  Perforating 

Punching  Ruling  Casemaking  and  Finishing 

Addressing  and  Mailing 


CORRESPONDENCE  IS  INVITED 

THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY 
632  SHERMAN  STREET  CHICAGO 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


The  first  book  published  here  or  in  Europe  on 
Austria-Hungary  and  the  war. 

LUDWIG'S 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 
AND  THE  WAR 

By  ERNEST  LUDWIG, 

I.  &  R.  Consul  for  Austria-Hungary,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio, 

with  preface  by  his  excellency 

DR.  KONSTANTIN  THEODOR  DUMBA, 

Austro-Hungarian  Ambassador  to  the  United  States. 

It  gives  detailed  particulars  of  the  Sarajevo  trial  in  which 
the  assassination  of  the  Crown  Prince  and  his  consort  is 
proved  to  have  been  committed  by  members  of  the  notorious 
"Narodna  Odbrana"  society  of  Servia,  with  the  guilty  fore- 
knowledge and  complicity  of  the  Servian  government  and 
tells  why  Servia's  equivocal  note  regarding  this  was  not 
acceptable,  making  necessary  the  declaration  of  war  against 
Servia  which  brought  on  the  present  European  conflict. 

"  Mr.  Ludwig's  account  of  the  intricacies,  the  duplicities, 
the  irreconcilable  interests  of  near-Eastern  politics  is  as  clear 
as  it  is  circumstantial.  He  offers  the  best  defense  yet  made 
of  Austria-Hungary's  note  to  Servia,  by  quoting  a  precedent. 
.  .  .  A  most  informing  book,  written  with  a  laudable 
moderation." — New  York  Tribune. 

"A  book  of  unusual  value,  giving,  as  it  does, a  side  from 
which,  since  the  conflict  was  begun,  little  has  been  heard." 
— Indianapolis  News. 

All  royalties  from  the  sale  of  this  book  have  been  do- 
nated to  the  Austro-Hungarian  and  German  Widows  and 
Orphans  Funds. 

220  pages,  with  frontispiece,  cloth  bound.    Price  $1  net. 

J.  S.  OGILVIE  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

57  Rose  Street,  NEW  YORK 


"AT  McCLURG'S' 

It  is  of  interest  and  importance 
to  Librarians  to  know  that  the 
books  reviewed  and  advertised 
in  this  magazine  can  be  pur- 
chased from  us  at  advantageous 
prices  by 

Public  Libraries,  Schools, 
Colleges  and  Universities 

In  addition  to  these  books  we 
have  an  exceptionally  large 
stock  of  the  books  of  all  pub- 
lishers—a more  complete  as- 
sortment than  can  be  found  on 
the  shelves  of  any  other  book- 
store in  the  entire  country.  We 
solicit  correspondence  from 
librarians  unacquainted  with 
our  facilities. 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 

A.C.  McClurg  &  Co.,  Chicago 


THIS  SPRING'S 

Harvard  Economic  Books 

ESSAYS  IN  SOCIAL  JUSTICE. 

By  THOMAS  NIXON  CARVER,  Ph.D.,  L.L.D.,   David  A. 
Wells  Professor  of  Political  Economy  in  Harvard  Uni- 
versity.    8vo.     Cloth.     430  pages.     $2.00  net. 
An  attempt  to  define  the  principles  of  human  conflict 
and  social  justice  from  the  point  of  view  of  economic  com- 
petition.    It  seeks  to  answer  two  questions.     What  ought 
the  State  to  do  with  respect  to  the  various  conflicts  in 
human  interest?  and  How  ought  it  to  do  it?     This  it  seeks 
to   accomplish   by   reference   to  external  economic  fact, 
rather  than  by  internal  criterions,  such  as  the   "senti- 
mental morality"  that  has  hitherto  influenced  thought. 

SOME  ASPECTS  OF  THE  TARIFF  QUESTION. 

By    FRANK    WILLIAM    TAUSSIG,  Ph.D.,  L.L.B.,  Litt.D., 
Henry  Lee  Professor  of  Economics  in  Harvard  University. 
8vo.     Cloth.     Maps  and  Charts.     $2.00   net. 
Questions  of  principle  in  the  tariff  controversy  are  con- 
sidered by  the  leading  historian  of  the  American  tariff. 
The  discussion  of  such  phases  as  the  relation  of  duties, 
imports  and  prices,  of  protection,  and  of  the  theory  of 
comparative  cost,  is  followed  by  a  detailed  examination 
of  industries  which  illustrate  these  problems  —  the  sugar, 
iron,  steel  and  textile  industries. 

THE  ANTHRACITE  COAL  COMBINATION  IN  THE 
UNITED  STATES. 

By  ELIOT  JONES,  Ph.D.,  Associate  Professor  of  Economics 
in  the  State  University  of  Iowa.  8vo.  Cloth.  261 
pages.  $1.30  net. 

More  than  the  usual  complexity  of  the  trust  problem  is 
involved  in  this  history  and  study  of  the  anthracite 
industry.  The  effect  of  railroad  control  upon  prices,  the 
legal  problems  raised  by  government  suits,  the  rights  and 
limitations  of  carriers,  and  public  ownership  of  natural 
resources  are  among  the  subjects  treated. 

A  Complete  Catalogue  of  Publications  will  be  sent  on  application. 

HARVARD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

CAMBRIDGE,  MASSACHUSETTS 


THE 
BIBELOT 


A  REPRINT  OF  POETRY  AND 
PROSE  FOR  BOOK-LOVERS 
CHOSEN  IN  PART  FROM  SCARCE 
EDITIONS  AND  SOURCES  NOT 
GENERALLY  KNOWN. 

1895  - 1914 

20  Volumes  and  Index  Compltte 

The  Bibelot  in  complete  sets  is  sold  on 
partial  payments  and  immediate  delivery 
made  of  all  the  volumes  on  terms  mutually 
satisfactory  to  publisher  and  purchaser. 

THOMAS  BIRD  MOSHER 

Portland,  Maine 


THE    DIAL  [March  18, 1915 


HENRY  HOLT  Soring  Fiction 

AND  COMPANY'S 

"A  first-class  American  novel." — New  York  Tribune. 
"A  distinctive  addition  to  the  role  of  American  authors." —  New  York  Times. 

BLUE  BLOOD  AND  RED 

By  GEOFFREY  CORSON 

The  New  York  Times  further  says:  "A  keen  and  interesting  study  of 
the  interaction  in  an  old  American  community  (Staten  Island)  of  the 
forces  of  aristocracy  and  democracy.  Primarily  it  is  a  love  story.  The 
reader's  interest  will  center  around  Neal  and  Patricia,  with  their 
ardent  desires  for  the  best  and  finest  things  of  life.  Because  of  them 
and  the  large  tolerant  understanding  of  life  which  the  book  shows,  its 
fine  literary  quality,  and  the  richness  of  its  pages,  which  teem  with  wise 
and  true  and  often  humorous  observations  upon  life  and  character/Blue 
Blood  and  Red'  must  be  placed  among  the  truly  successful  American 
novels  of  recent  months." 

3rd  printing  within  two  weeks  of  publication.     $1.35  net. 

A  Story  of  the  Great  War 

LITTLE  COMRADE 

By  BURTON  E.  STEVENSON 

Author  of  "The  Marathon  Mystery,"  "The  Mystery  of  the  Boule  Cabinet,"  etc. 

A  tale  of  mystery,  love  and  international  intrigue  set  in  the  first  weeks 
of  the  great  war. 

A  young  American  surgeon  leaving  the  Congress  of  surgeons  at  Vienna 
finds  himself  caught  in  the  net  of  suspicion  incident  to  German  mobil- 
ization. At  the  Belgian  border  the  situation  is  as  "ticklish"  as  can  well 
be  imagined.  How  his  "little  comrade"  joins  him  and  how  they  are 
caught  in  the  maelstrom  of  the  Belgian  campaign  furnishes  the  starting- 
point  of  a  remarkably  stirring  story. 

2nd  printing  before  publication.     $1 .20  net. 

By  the  Author  of  "The  Squirrel-Cage" 

HILLSBORO  PEOPLE 

By  DOROTHY  CANFIELD 

With  occasional  Vermont  verse  by  SARAH  N.  CLEGHORN.     A  volume  of  stories  of  a  Vermont  village. 

Hillsboro  has  its  traditions  from  Colonial  times,  and  its  tales  of  pio- 
neers and  the  Revolution.  It  had  firm  convictions  during  the  Civil 
War  and  has  them  yet  about  the  church,  the  school  and  taxes.  In 
recent  years  it  has  come  closer  to  the  great  world  not  only  through 
the  railroads,  newspapers,  summer  boarders  and  automobiles,  but 
more  poignantly  through  the  scattering  of  the  home-grown  young  folks 
and  the  influx  of  the  foreign-born. 

Ready  March  20.     $1.35  net. 

PUBLISHED  AT  34  WEST  THIRTY-THIRD  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


PRESS  OF  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY 


A  FORTNIGHTLY  JOURNAL  OF 

Criticism,  gisnxssion,  anfr  Information 


FOUNDED  BY 
FRANCIS   F.  BROWNE 


\Volume  LVIII. 
I          ffo.  «91. 


CHICAGO,  APRIL  1,  1915. 


10  cts.  a  copy.  ( 
#3.  a  year.     \ 


EDITED  BY 
WALDO  R.  BROWNE 


HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  COMPANY'S 
Important  New  Books 

CALIFORNIA  PADRES 

By  CHARLES  FRANCIS  SAUNDERS  and  J.  SMEATON  CHASE. 

This  picturesque  study  of  the  famous  missions  of  California  will  be  of  particular  interest  to  all  who 
are  planning  to  visit  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition.  A  special  chapter  is  devoted  to  each  mission, 
giving  the  most  important  historical  facts  and  embodying  numerous  suggestions  for  the  tourist.  The 
book  has  a  colored  frontispiece  and  many  attractive  illustrations  from  photographs  and  artists'  drawings. 

$2.50  net. 

THE  ROCKY  MOUNTAIN  WONDERLAND 

By  ENDS  A.  MILLS. 

Contains  much  keen,  original  observation  of  the  habits  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  forests  and  the  ways 
of  the  wild  folk  who  inhabit  them.  Beautifully  illustrated  from  photographs  mostly  taken  by  the 
author.  $1.75  net. 


THE  WHOLE  YEAR  ROUND 

By  DALLAS  LORE  SHARP.  .  A 
beautiful  new  one-volume  edition 
of  MR.  SHARP'S  books  on  the 
seasons, — "  TheSpring  of  the  Year," 
"Summer,"  "The  Fall  of  the 
Year,"  and  "Winter."  With  excel- 
lent pictures  by  Bruce  Horsfall. 

$2.00  net. 

STORIES  AND  POEMS 
And  Other  Uncollected  Writings 

By  BRET  HARTE.    Compiled  by 

CHARLES  MEEKER  KOZLAY. 

"A   volume   which   no   genuine 

lover  of  the  work  of  Bret  Harte 

can  afford  to  ignore."  —  Bookman. 

$1.50  net. 

THE  LAND  OF  DELIGHT 

By  JOSEPHINE  SCRIBNER 
GATES.  A  story  of  the  jolly  time 
a  lot  of  children  have  on  a  pony 
farm,  by  the  author  of  the  "Little 
Girl  Blue"  books.  Fully  illus- 
trated. $1.00  net. 


"Better  than  Queed" 
the  verdict  of  the  critics 

ANGELA'S 
BUSINESS 

By  H.  S.  HARRISON 
"The  strongest  and  most  satis- 
fying   of    Mr.   Harrison's  re- 
markable   trio    of   novels." — 
N.  Y.  Times. 

"Sane,  normal,  wholesome; 
light  in  manner  but  serious  in 
temper,  lacking  neither  wis- 
dom, wit  nor  humor.  Shows  a 
great  advance  in  simplicity  and 
soundness  of  style  over  'V.  V.'s 
Eyes.'  "— The  Outlook. 

Illustrated.     $1.35  net. 


THE  NEW  POETRY  SERIES 

The  purpose  of  this  series  is  to 
print  a  selection  of  the  most  promis- 
ing contemporary  verse  in  attractive 
and  inexpensive  form.  The  initial 
publication  will  be  the  group  of  vol- 
umes that  follow: 

THE  WINNOWING  FAN 
Poems  on  the  Great  War 

By  LAWRENCE  BINYON. 

50  cents  net. 

IRRADIATIONS: 
SAND  AND  SPRAY 

By  JOHN  GOULD  FLETCHER. 
75  cents  net. 

SOME  IMAGIST  POETS 

An  Anthology.  75  cents  net. 

JAPANESE  LYRICS 

Translated  by  LAFCADIO 

HEARN.  75  cents  net. 

Ready  later. 

WAR  POEMS 

By  JOSEPHINE  PRESTON  PEA- 
BODY    (Mrs.  Lionel  Marks). 


President  Eliot's 

THE  ROAD  TOWARD  PEACE 

This  study  of  the  present  war,  its  probable  results,  and  the  best  means  of  preventing  future  wars,  is  of  paramount 
importance  not  only  from  the  position  of  the  author,  but  from  the  big,  constructive  way  in  which  he  handles  his  subject. 

Cloth,  $1.00  nei.      (Ready  April  17.) 

Fritz  Kreisler's 

FOUR  WEEKS  IN  THE  TRENCHES 

The  world's  greatest  violinist  served  as  Austrian  lieutenant  in  the  campaign  in  Galicia.    His  account  of  his  actual  experi- 
ences at  the  front  gives  one  of  the  most  graphic,  thrilling  pictures  of  actual  fighting  yet  written.     Illustrated.     $1.00. 

(Ready  April  24.) 

BOSTON         HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  COMPANY     NEW  YORK 


242 


THE   DIAL 


[April  1 


CLARENDON  PRESS  PUBLICATIONS 


The  Oxford  Book  of  American  Essays 

Chosen  by  BRANDER  MATTHEWS 

Crown  8vo.    Cloth,    pp.  xi+so8.  Net,  $1.25 

Uniform  with  The  Oxford  Book  of  English  Verse 

The  Greek  Commonwealth 

Politics  and  Economics  in  Fifth-Century  Athens. 

By  ALFRED  E.  ZIMMERN. 

Svo.  Cloth.  Second  Edition.  With  Map.  pp.457-  $2.90 
"As  a  text-book,  or  as  a  reference  work  for  the  principles 
underlying  the  unfolding  of  Greek  civilisation,  this  vol- 
ume is  eminently  worthy." — Literary  Digest. 

The  Government  of  India 

Being  a  Digest  of  the  Statute  Law  Relating  Thereto,  with 
historical  introduction  and  explanatory  matter.  By 

SIR  COURTENAY  ILBERT,  G.C.B.,  K.C.S.I. 

Svo.    Cloth.     Third  Edition,     pp.  xxxvii+4og.        $4.75 

Homogeneous  Linear  Substitutions 

By  HAROLD  HILTON.  M.A.,  D.Sc. 

Svo.     Cloth,     pp.  184.  $4.15 

Electricity  in  Gases 

By  J.  S.  TOWNSEND. 

Svo.     Cloth.     Pp.  xv+4o6.  $4.75 

Studies  in  Carto-Bibliography: 

British  and  French,  and  In  the  Bibliography  of  Itineraries 
and  Roadbooks.     By  SIR  HERBERT  GEOROE  FORDHAM. 
Svo,  cloth,  pp.  xti+180,  with  four  illustrations.  $2.00 


American  College  and  University  Series 

General  Editor,  GEORGE  PHILIP  KRAPP 

Crown  Svo.   Cloth.   Gilt  top.   With  illustrations.  Each  $1.50 

"The  peculiar  merits  of  this  series  are  charm  and  accuracy. 
The  books  are  not  only  Informative  but  Interestingly 
written." — The  Boston  Transcript. 

Harvard  By  JOHN  HATS  GARDINER 

"  In  a  sense,  this  book  can  be  said  to  be  the  last  word  on  this 
noted  Institution.  The  scholarship  of  the  author,  his  ac- 
curacy, his  Insight  Into  his  college,  and  his  grasp  of  the 
English  language  are  so  undisputed  that  no  other  treatment 
can  Quite  ecjual  this." — Times  Advertiser,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Princeton  By  VAHNUM  LANSING  COLLINS 

"Will  be  read  with  much  profit,  not  only  by  Princeton 
graduates,  but  by  many  others,  because  of  the  prominent 
role  that  this  Institution  has  played  in  the  history  of  this 
country." — The  Dial. 

Columbia  By  FREDERICK  PAUL  KBPFEL 

"Unlike  many  historical  books  about  colleges,  Dean  Keppel's 
'  Columbia*  Is  not  only  carefully  written,  but  very  interesting. 
It  shows  a  sense  of  proportion  and  envelops  the  subject  In  a 
vital  atmosphere." — The  Outlook. 

Other  volume*  in  preparation. 


The  Growth  of  English  Drama 

By  ARNOLD  WYNNE 

Crown  8vo,  pp.  282,  $1.15 

Contents:  Early  Church  Drama  on  the  Continent,  English 
Miracle  Plays,  Moralities  and  Interludes,  Rise  of  Comedy 
and  Tragedy.  Comedy:  Lyly,  Greene,  Peele,  Nash. 
Tragedy:  Lodge,  Kyd,  Marlowe,  Arden  of  Feversham, 
The  Elizabethan  Stage. 


At  All  Booksellers.     Send  for  Complete  Catalogue. 


OXFORD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS  AMERICAN  BRANCH, 


35  West  32nd  St.,  New  York 


THIS  work,  the  first  and  only  complete  text-book  in  this  country  that  covers  the  subject 
in  all  its  phases,  will  prove  of  great  interest  and  value  to  every  one  connected  directly  or 
indirectly  with  bookbinding  and  library  work. 

John  J.  Pleger,  the  author,  is  an  advanced  exponent  of  the  art,  and  has  written,  in 
concise,  comprehensive  form,  a  very  practical  work. 

Librarians  and  others  intrusted  with  the  "care"  of  books  will  find  Mr.  Pleger's  books  well  worth  attention. 


PAPER  RULING 

PART  ONE 

22  illus.,  boards,  6x8%  inches,  $1.25 
PAMPHLET  BINDING 

Punching,  Crimping  and  Quarter-Binding 
PART  TWO 

37  illus.,  boards,  6x8%  inches,  $1.50 

BLANK,  EDITION  AND  JOB 
FORWARDING 

Finishing  and  Stamping 
PART  THREE 

129  illus.,  boards,  6x8%  inches,  $2.00 

GILT  EDGING,  MARBLING 
AND  HAND  TOOLING 

PART  FOUR 

29  illus.,  boards,  6x8%  inches,  $1.25 


EXTRACTS  FROM  SOME  OF  THE  LETTERS  MR.  PLEGER 
HAS  RECEIVED: 

"The  writer  has  personally  enjoyed  reading  the  works  and  con- 
gratulates you  upon  the  thoroughness  with  which  you  have  covered 
the  subject." 

"Students,  apprentices  and  novices  who  are  interested  in  the 
different  branches  of  bookbinding  will  find  it  a  very  simple  matter 
to  learn  and  perfect  themselves  from  these  volumes,  full  of  illus- 
trated examples.  The  printer  and  librarian  will  find  it  valuable 
beyond  their  expectations." 

"They  are  thorough  and  lucidly-written  text- books,  which  will 
benefit  the  more  expert  workmen  as  well  as  learners.  *  *  *  * 
I  know  of  no  other  text-book  of  binding  which  compares  with 
Mr.  Pleger's  in  instructiveness." 


The  Inland  Printer  Company 


1915]  THE     DIAL  243 


McClurg's  New  Books 

Practical  Programs  for  Women's  Clubs  By  ALICE  HAZEN  CASS 

This  compilation  of  study  subjects  for  the  use  of  women's  clubs  and  similar  organizations  is  designed 
to  give  practical  assistance  to  the  great  host  of  club  women,  especially  those  in  the  rural  districts,  whose 
sources  of  information  are  somewhat  curtailed.  The  subjects  have  a  wide  range,  and  their  diversity  will 
meet  all  demands.  Each  subject  has  eight  divisions  which  may  be  used,  if  desired,  for  programs  for 
one  year's  work.  16mo. 

Net  75  cents 

HOW  tO  Sell  By  NATHANIEL  FOWLER,  JR. 

This  is  the  first  and  only  book  which  touches  the  real  practice  of  salesmanship,  which  is  business 
from  start  to  finish,  and  which  does  not  consume  the  reader's  time  with  dissertations  upon  mysterious 
psychology  or  theoretical  analysis.  Fact  and  only  fact,  the  solid,  usable  part  of  living  experience,  is 
presented  in  the  form  of  dialogues  between  salesmen  and  customers.  12mo. 

Net  $1.00 

/TV,        or-.,  k  ~U  •—       ~f  tr:«j  Translated  from  the  German  of  OSKAR 

The  Teaching  Of  History  JAEGER  by  H.  j.  CHAYTOR 

For  fifty  years  a  teacher  of  history  in  the  schools  of  Germany,  the  author  explains  the  well-planned 
system  of  his  country.  Contrasted  with  the  inferior  methods  of  England  and  the  United  States,  this 
system,  by  its  superiority,  warrants  earnest  study  and  emulation.  Dr.  Jaeger  writes  in  an  illuminating 
and  unusually  interesting  way,  describing  the  work,  as  it  is  carried  on  in  the  nine  forms,  or  grades,  by 
illustrations  of  the  methods  used  in  the  German  school.  The  book  will  prove  of  great  value  to  teachers 
as  a  help  in  whatever  systems  they  may  be  using.  12mo. 

Net  $1.00 

Favorite  Fairy  Tales  Retold  By  JULIA  DARROW  COWLES 

A  number  of  the  old  time  classics  of  fairyland  are  here  presented  in  simple  form  suitable  for  children's 
reading,  or  for  oral  use  by  Story  Tellers.  In  making  this  collection,  the  author  has  sought  to  admit 
no  story  which  has  not  some  universal  background  of  truth.  In  some  cases  adaptions  of  the  original 
stories  have  been  made  in  order  that  the  underlying  purpose  of  the  book  be  preserved.  12mo. 

Net  75  cents 

The  Song  By  GEORGE  p.  UPTON 

The  ripe  musical  taste,  fine  judgment  and  excellent  literary  style  of  the  author  are  in  evidence  in 
this  his  latest  work.  The  origin  of  the  song  is  suggested,  and  its  development  in  all  nations  is  studied; 
its  power  and  mission  are  emphasized,  while  chapters  are  given  to  songs  of  war,  love,  sentiment,  the  sea, 
negro  minstrelsy,  and  patriotism.  Sacred  songs  receive  generous  space.  A  feature  of  special  interest 
is  the  introduction  of  the  songs  used  by  the  soldiers  of  the  nations  now  at  war,  many  of  them,  like 
"Tipperary,"  "Deutschland  iiber  alles,  the  Austrian,  Servian,  and  others,  being  given  in  full.  A  list 
of  the  old  familiar  songs  in  English  is  added.  Frontispiece.  12mo. 

Net  $1.00 

Six  Weeks  at  the  'War  By  MILLICENT,  DUCHESS  OF  SUTHERLAND 

Written  in  the  midst  of  the  destruction  and  terror  attending  the  invasion  of  Belgium,  this  account 
gives  a  startlingly  vivid  picture  of  the  conditions  which  prevailed  and  which  now  attend  the  war.  The 
Duchess  organized  an  ambulance  corps  of  eight  nurses  and  a  surgeon,  with  herself  as  chief,  to  serve  at 
Brussels.  Going  on  to  Namur,  the  party  did  its  work  during  the  siege  and  occupation,  after  which  it 
was  obliged  to  leave.  The  insight  into  conditions,  characterizations  of  officers,  stories  of  the  soldiers, 
and  descriptions  of  the  results  of  battle  form  a  narrative  which,  uncensored,  has  peculiar  intensity  and 
unusual  value.  Illustrated.  16mo. 

Net  50  cents 
FOR  SALE  AT  ALL  BOOKSTORES 


A.  C.  McCLURG  &  CO.,  Publishers,  CHICAGO 


244 


THE   DIAL 


[  April  1 


BERNHARDI 

IN  all  the  annals  of  history  it  has  been  the  powerful  writ- 
ing of  some  man  that  has  stirred  the  populace.    Homer, 
Marc  Antony,  Peter  the  Hermit,  Martin  Luther  and 
Zwingli,  and,  in  later  times,  James  Otis,  Patrick  Henry 
and  Lincoln  have  all  by  their  virile  words  moulded  and 
directed  the  temperaments  of  great  nations. 

General  Friedrich  von  Bernhardi 

soldier,  statesman  and  writer,  now  gives  his  first  book  since 
the  outbreak  of  the  Great  War.  His 

"Germany  and  England" 

First   Issued  March  23d 

js  a  clear  exposition  of  fact.  It  shows  how  the  war  was 
started  by  England;  how  England,  France  and  Belgium 
first  violated  theneutralityagreement.  It  proves  Germany's 
friendliness  to  the  United  States.  It  answers  Professor 
Cramb's  attack  on  his  writings. 

It  will  cause  a  sensation  throughout  the  world.    Its 
sale  will  be  enormous. 

Cloth  Bound.    Portrait  of  Author.    50  cents  net 

G.  W.  Dillingham  Co.,  New  York 


IN  THE  APRIL  NUMBER  OF 

THE  YALE  REVIEW 

are  broad,  significant  and  permanent  arti- 
cles on  the  war  and  on  economic,  historical 
and  religious  life  and  literature.  They  con- 
stitute reading  of  a  kind  in  which  you  can- 
not to-day  afford  to  economize.  The  titles 
and  authors  are: 

APRILNUMBER:  ENGLAND'S  EXPERIENCE 
WITH  "THE  REAL  THING,"  L.  P.  Jacks; 
NATIONALITY  AND  THE  NEW  EUROPE, 
Archibald  Cary  Coolidge;  IMPERIALISM  AND 
THE  CHRISTIAN  IDEAL,  Benjamin  W.  Bacon; 
NEUTRALIZATION  IN  THEORY  AND 
PRACTICE,  George  G.  Wilson;  ENGLISH  LIT- 
ERATURE IN  FRANCE,  Emile  Legouis;  THE 
MAKER  OF  IMAGES,  Brian  Hooker;  THE 
JOURNEYING  ATOMS,  John  Burroughs;  THE 
RAILROAD  CRISIS:  A  WAY  OUT,  Ray  Morris; 
AN  APOLOGY  FOR  OLD  MAIDS,  Henry 
Dwight  Sedgwick;  OVID  AMONG  THE  GOTHS, 
Gamaliel  Bradford;  THE  UNITY  OF  THE 
CHURCHES;  Newman  Smyth;  THE  TRUE 
CONCORD,  Frances  Barber;  GRIEF,  A.  MacLeish; 
WALPOLE  AND  FAMILIAR  CORRESPON- 
DENCE, Chauncey  B.  Tinker;  XANTHIPPE 
ON  WOMAN  SUFFRAGE,  Duffield  Osborne; 
BOOK  REVIEWS. 

.„ Mail  this  coupon — . 

To  THE  YALE  REVIEW,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Please  enter  my  subscription  to  The  Yale  Review  for  one  year 
beginning  with  the  April,  1915,  number.    Inclosed  is  $2.50  in  pay- 
ment of  my  order. 
Name 

Address 


Every  American  Library 

Should  Own  and  Every  American 

Should  Read 

GENERAL  CHARLES  KING'S 

Brilliant  and  Inspiring  Work 

THE  TRUE 
ULYSSES  S.  GRANT 

24  Illustrations.     Crown  Octavo 
Buckram,  $2.00  net.     Postage  extra 

"When  such  a  man  as  Ulysses  S.  Grant  is  in  ques- 
tion the  reader  has  much  joy  in  knowing  that  so 
clear-headed  a  soldier,  so  brilliant  a  narrator  as 
General  Charles  King  has  been  asked,  and  ...  is 
thrice  able  to  tell  us  what  he  knows  about  Grant  as 
a  boy,  a  man,  a  soldier  and  a  President.  General 
King  evinces  all  through  that  well-poised  judgment 
that  has  won  him  long  ago  so  high  a  place  among 
American  writers.  He  knows  that  his  personally 
devoted  public  expects  to  get  from  him  'the  truth,  the 
whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,'  and  he  has 
given  them  that  precisely." — Philadelphia  Record. 

This  Volume  is  one  of  the 

"True  Biographies  and  Histories  Series" 

Send  for  descriptive  circular 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS  PHILADELPHIA 


THE  BROWNIE 
POSTER 


Printed  on  heavy  tan  paper,  with  Miss 

Dousman's  charming  verse  about  the 

Brownies  and  their  books. 

Hand  colored  in  appropriate  tints,  suit- 
able for  framing.    Size:  14x22  inches. 
Price:  Uncolored,  50  cents. 
Tinted,  75  cents. 

Also  made  into  an  attractive  book-mark,  at 
25  cents  a  hundred. 

LIBRARY  SUPPLIES  DEPARTMENT 

Democrat  Printing  Company 

Madison,  Wisconsin 


1915]  THE     DIAL  245 


SOME  NOTEWORTHY  BOOKS 

PRIEST:  GERMANY  SINCE  1740 

By  GEORGE  MADISON  PRIEST,  Professor  of  Germanic  Languages  and  Literature  in  Princeton  University,  I2mo, 

pages,  $1.25. 

A  brilliant  historical  account  of  the  genesis  of  modern  Germany.     The  chronicle  includes  one  of  the  most  interesting  periods 
of  German  history,  from  the  time  of  the  accessions  of  Maria  Theresa  and  Frederick  the  Great  down  to  William  II  and  the  present  war. 

The  book  is  fully  equipped  with  maps,  a  chronological  table,  genealogies  of  leading  ruling  houses,  bibliography  and  index. 

WILD:  GEOGRAPHIC  INFLUENCES  IN  OLD  TESTAMENT  MASTERPIECES 

By  LAURA  H.  WILD,  Professor  of  Biblical  History  and  Literature  in  Lake  Erie  College,  izmo,  182  pages,  illustrated,  $1.00. 


life  of 

GETTELL:  PROBLEMS  IN  POLITICAL  EVOLUTION 

By  RAYMOND  GETTELL,  Professor  of  Social  and  Political  Science,  Amherst  College,  8vo,  400  pages,  $2.0O. 

An  attempt  to  trace  the  formation  and  evolution  of  modern  government.  Among  the  many  problems  considered  are  — 
the  leading  factors  in  political  development;  the  origin  of  the  state;  relations  of  the  state  to  the  family,  the  church,  industrial 
organizations  and  military  organizations;  the  functions  and  purpose  of  the  state;  and  the  present  tendencies  in  political  evolution. 

THALLON:  READINGS  IN  GREEK  HISTORY 

By  IDA  CARLETON  THALLON,  Assistant  Professor  of  History  in  Vassar  College,  8vo,  xxix  +  638  pages,  $2. 00. 

This  book  comprises  extracts  translated  from  the  Greek  of  the  original  sources,  ranging  from  the  time  of  Homer  through  the 
Battle  of  Chaeronea.  Students  9f  history  unacquainted  with  Greek  can  read  in  this  volume  not  merely  passages  from  the  his- 
torians but  translations  of  historical  inscriptions,  selections  from  the  orators,  and  those  passages  from  the  dramatists  and  poets 
which  throw  light  on  the  history  of  the  time. 

PETERS:  THE  RELIGION  OF  THE  HEBREWS 

By  JOHN  PUNNETT  PETERS,  Rector  of  St.  Michael's  Church,  New  York  City,  8vo,  502  pages,  $2.  73. 

A  comprehensive  historical  study  of  the  development  of  the  Jewish  religion,  for  the  sake  of  the  light  it  throws  on  modern 
Christianity,  Judaism,  and  Mohammedanism.  This  work  is  designed  as  a  handbook  for  students  of  religion  and  intelligent, 
thoughtful  laymen,  both  Christians  and  Jews,  who  desire  to  understand  the  origins  of  their  religions. 

GINN  AND  COMPANY 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  LONDON 


A  Pioneer  in  Philosophy 

"Recently  in  looking  through  my  bound  volumes  of  The  Monist  of  1892,  I  was  surprised  to  see  there, 
perfectly  at  home,  the  philosophical  theories  which  burst  upon  us  twenty  years  later  as  if  they  were  entirely 
new. "  C.  K.  BRINKLEY  (Subscriber} . 

THE  MONIST 

A  Philosophical  Quarterly  Devoted  to  the  Philosophy  of  Science 
CONTENTS  FOR  APRIL 

NEWTON'S  HYPOTHESIS  OF  ETHER  AND  OF  GRAVITATION   FROM 

1679  TO    1693.      By  Philip  E.  B.  Jourdain. 

Newton's  religious  tendencies,  such  as  his  constant -wish  to  prove  the  existence  of  an  intelligent  creator, 
come  into  consideration  in  the  course  of  this  article. 

ON  THE  METHODS  OF  THEORETICAL  PHYSICS. 

By  Ludwig  Boltzman.     Translated  by  P.  E.  B.  Jourdain. 

The  late  Professor  Boltzman  was  one  of  the  world's  leading  physicists.  He  succeeded  Ernst  Mach  in 
the  University  of  Vienna  and  will  be  remembered  in  this  country  by  those  who  met  him  at  the  St.  Louis 
Exposition. 

ON   THE   EXPERIENCE   OF  TIME.     By  Bertrand  Ru.,ell. 

Bertrand  Russell  is  perhaps  the  most  widely  read  scholarly  author  in  England.  His  SCIENTIFIC 
METHOD  is  already  in  its  second  edition,  the  first  having  been  published  only  last  September. 

THE  ODES  OF  SOLOMON  AND  THE  DISCIPLES  OF  JOHN.  By  Preserved  Smith. 

Mr.  Smith  offers  a  solution  of  the  problem  presented  by  the  newly  discovered  Odes  of  Solomon  which 
he  believes  were  written  within  the  Ephesus  congregation  of  the  Disciples  of  St.  John,  who  were  one  of  the 
most  powerful  sects  that  prepared  the  advent  of  Christianity. 

THE   OVER-GOD.      By  Paul  Carus.     A  Philosophical  Poem. 

Notes  and  discussions  of  recent  philosophical  literature.  Subscription,  $2.00  yearly,  $0.60  single  copy. 

All  book  stores  or  at 

Open  Court  Publishing  Company  Book  Room'  10?i,£l£>lci  G"  BuiMing 


246 


THE    DIAL 


[April  1,  1915 


The  New  Macmillan  Publications 

Fiction,  Poetry,  Drama  and  Essays 

BEALBY 

SONGS  FROM  THE  CLAY 

By  H.  G.  WELLS.     Mr.  Wells's  new  story  of  an  ambitious 

By  JAMES  STEPHENS.     A  new  book  of  verse  by  the 

boy,  as  delightful  and  humorous  as  his  previous  novel, 

author  of   "Insurrections,"   "The  Crock  of  Gold,"   etc. 

"The  Wife  of  Sir  Isaac  Harman."                                 $1.35 

"Original,  varied  with  a  keen  sense  of  humor."        $1.00 

THE  HARBOR 

SPOON  RIVER  ANTHOLOGY 

By  ERNEST  POOLE.     "One  of  the  ablest  novels  added 

By  EDGAR  L.  MASTERS.     Verse  essentially  American 

to  American  fiction  in  many  a  year."  —  N.   Y.   Tribune. 

in  character,  written  in  a  new  form  of  poetical  expression. 

$1.40 

Ready  in  April.     $1.25 

BRUNEL'S  TOWER 

SONGS  OF  KABIR 

By  EDEN  PHILLPOTTS.     The  interesting  story  of  a 
regenerated  character.     Probably  the  most  notable  novel 
of  the  author  of  "Faith  Tresilion,"  etc.                         $1.50 

THE  HAND  OF  PERIL 

By  ARTHUR  STRINGER.     A  good  detective  story  with 
an  unusual  theme  and  involved  situations  developed  with 
consummate  skill.     Ready  in  April.                              $1-35 

By  RABINDRANATH  TAGORE.     Sympathetic  versions 
of  the  spiritual  songs  of  the  great  Hindu  reformer.     One  of 
Mr.  Tagore's  most  important  books.                               $1.25 

THE  GARDEN  OF  PARADISE 

By  EDWARD  SHELDON.     A  charming  poetic  play  based 
on  Hans  Christian  Andersen's  fairy  tale,  The  Little  Mer- 

GETTING A  WRONG  START 

maid.                                                                                   $1.25 

PARSIVAL 

ANONYMOUS.     The   intimate   story   of   a   well-known 
author  told  with  power  and  frankness.                           $1.00 

By  GERHARDT  HAUPTMANN.     Translated  by  Oakley 
Williams.     The  great  Parsival  story  retold  as  allegory  of 

THE  BUSINESS  ADVENTURES  OF 

life  with  applications  to  modern  conditions.                     $1.00 

BILLY  THOMAS 

THE  SALON  AND  ENGLISH  LETTERS 

By  ELMER  E.  FERRIS.     A  story  of  the  business  ex- 

By CHAUNCEY  B.  TINKER.     A  scholarly  and  interest- 

periences of  a  remarkable  salesman  full  of  life  and  action. 

$1.25 

ing  discussion  of  the  interrelation  of  literature  and  society 
in  the  age  of  Johnson.     Ready  in  April. 

Education,  Philosophy  and  Religion 

SOCIETAL  EVOLUTION 

MODERN  RELIGIOUS  MOVEMENTS 

By  ALBERT  GALLOWAY  KELLER.    A  serious  and 

IN  INDIA 

important  study  of  the  evolutionary  basis  of  the  science 
of  society.     Ready  in  April. 

By    J.    N.    FARQUHAR.     A    comprehensive   survey    of 
present-day  religious  tendencies  in  India. 

OUTLINES  OF  CHILD  STUDY 

Illustrated.     $2.50 

By  WILLIAM  A.  McKEEVER.     An  invaluable  collec- 

THE DRAMA  OF  THE  SPIRITUAL  LIFE 

tion  of  ready-made  programs  for  the  use  of  mothers'  clubs, 
parent-teacher  associations  and  all  kindred  organizations. 

By  ANNIE  L.  SEARS.     An  empirical  study  of  the  prayers, 
hymns,  religious  poetry  and  other  expressions  of  religious 

$1.00 

THE  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 

luedb.      j\euuy  j»  April. 

Its  Faith  and  Order 

THE  RISE  OF  MODERN  RELIGIOUS  IDEAS 

By  GEORGE  HODGES.     Dean  Hodges's  valuable  manual 
of  information  on  Episcopalian  doctrine  and  discipline. 

By  ARTHUR  C.  McGIFFERT.      A  valuable,  interesting 
exposition  of  the  origin,   development   and   influence  of 

$1.25 

religious  thought.                                                                $1.50 

Politics,  Economics,  Agriculture  and  Travel 

RUSSIA  AND  THE  WORLD 

GERMAN  WORLD  POLICIES 

By  STEPHEN  GRAHAM.     A  record  of  recent  observa- 

By PAUL  ROHRBACH.     Translated  by   Dr.   Edmund 

tions,  giving  an  intimate  picture  of  the  Russian  people. 

von   Mach.     A   clear  insight   into  the   character  of  the 

Illustrated.    $2.00 

German  people  by  the  most  popular  author  on  politics 

and  economics  in  Germany.                                             $1.25 

THE  PROGRESSIVE  MOVEMENT 

PLANT-  BREEDING 

By  BENJAMIN  P.  DE  WITT.     A  broad,  comprehensive, 

By  L.  H.  BAILEY.     In  its  revised  and  rewritten  form  it 

non-partisan  discussion  of  the  fundamental  principle  of  the 

presents  the  most  comprehensive  treatment  of  the  subject 

progressive  movement.                                                      $1.50 

in  all  its  various  branches.                                                $2.00 

AMERICA  AND  HER  PROBLEMS 

THE  PRINCIPLES  OF  FRUIT  GROWING 

By   P.   B.    D'ESTOURNELLES   DE    CONSTANT.     A 
penetrating  discussion  of  our  nation  as  seen  by  a  statesman 

By   L.   H.   BAILEY.     Completely  revised   after  twenty 
editions  to  include  all  new  practices  and  discoveries.     $1.75 

of  rare  genius.                                                                     $2.00 

HIGHWAYS  AND  BYWAYS  OF 

INCOME 

CALIFORNIA 

By  SCOTT  NEARING,  University  of  Pennsylvania.     A 

New  Exposition  Edition 

study  and  determination  of  the  "property"  and  "service" 
income  of  this  country.     Ready  in  April. 

By  CLIFTON  JOHNSON.     Holds  much  valuable  infor- 
mation for  the  California  tourist,  especially  visitors  to  the 
exposition.                                                     Illustrated.     $1.50 

THE  SOCIAL  PROBLEM 

THE  PICTURESQUE  HUDSON 

By  CHARLES  A.  ELLWOOD,  University  of  Missouri. 
A  consideration  of  the  essentials  which  have  come  to  regu- 

By. CLIFTON    JOHNSON.     New    Edition.     Describes 
vividly  the  scenery  and  life  throughout  the  great  river's 

late  human  society.     Ready  in  April. 

wonderful  course.                                         Illustrated.     $1.50 

AAJuPtriPAviP  AJ  v   THF  MAPMIF  I  AN  POMP  A  NY  ON  SALE  WHEREVER 

64-66  5th  AVE.,  N.  Y.     1  1  IJUi    lTl/-V\_'lTU.l_iJL4/-ViX    \-»V-f  IVli   JfTLl^l   I        BOOKS  ARE  SOLD 

THE  DIAL 

Jfortmafjtlp  journal  of  Utterarp  Crittctem,  Btecusitfton,  anb  3nf ormatton. 


D/AL  (founded  in  1880)  is  published  fortnightly  — 
every  other  Thursday  —  except  in  July  and  August,  in  which 
one  issue  for  each  month  will  appear.  TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIP- 
TION, #2.  a  year  in  advance,  postage  prepaid  in  the  United 
States  and  Mexico;  Foreign  and  Canadian  postage  50  cents 
per  year  extra.  REMITTANCES  should  be  by  check,  or  by 
express  or  postal  order,  payable  to  THE  DIAL.  Unless  other- 
wise ordered,  subscriptions  will  begin  with  the  current  num- 
ber. When  no  direct  request  to  discontinue  at  expiration  of 
subscription  is  received,  it  is  assumed  that  a  continuance  of 
the  subscription  is  desired.  ADVERTISING  RATES  furnished  on 
application. 

Published  by  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY. 
6S2  Sherman  Street,  Chicago. 

Entered  as  Second-Class  Matter  October  8,  1892,  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  under  Act  of  March  3,  1879. 


Vol.  LVIII. 


APRIL  1,  1915 


No.  691 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

ME.  WELLS  AND   RECONSTRUCTION.     Ed- 
ward E.  Hale 247 

CASUAL  COMMENT 250 

By  way  of  parenthesis. —  "  Shakespeare  every 
day." —  A  get-rich-quick  culture. —  A  follower 
in  the  footsteps  of  Clark  Russell. —  A  famous 
political  pamphlet. —  New  books  for  old. — 
An  editor  with  an  ideal. —  The  boundlessness 
of  the  field  of  authorship. —  A  new  variety  of 
the  journalist's  art. —  A  pleasing  prospect  in 
biography. 

COMMUNICATION 253 

A  Word  of  Explanation.    Arthur  E.  BostwicTc. 

FROM  CANOE  TO  AEROPLANE  IN  AMERI- 
CAN TRAVEL.    Percy  F.  BicJcnell     .     .     .254 

THE  ARCH-PRIEST  OF  GERMAN  IMPERIAL- 
ISM.   James  W.  Garner 256 

BROWNING'S  WOMEN.    Claris  S.  Northup     .     .  258 

HOW    NAPOLEON    ORGANIZED    VICTORY. 

H.  E.  Bourne 259 

Vachee's  Napoleon  at  Work. —  Foord's  Na- 
poleon's Russian  Campaign  of  1812. —  Fleisch- 
mann's  An  Unknown  Son  of  Napoleon. — 
Montagu's  Napoleon  and  His  Adopted  Son. — 
Whipple's  The  Story-life  of  Napoleon. — 
Wolseley's  The  Decline  and  Fall  of  Napoleon. 
—  Griffiths's  Life  of  Napoleon. 

A    HALF-FORGOTTEN    AMERICAN    PRESI- 
DENT.   W.  H.  Johnson 262 

RECENT  FICTION.     William  Morton  Payne     .  263 
NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS 264 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 266 

Miscellanies  of  a  humanist.- — •  Defects  and 
possibilities  of  the  modern  city. —  Taking 
stock  of  Nietzsche. —  Mr.  Chesterton  on  bar- 
barism.—  Some  new  memorials  of  the  Brown- 
ings.—  An  optimist  in  the  Far  East. —  The 
play  that  won  $10,000. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 269 

NOTES 270 

TOPICS  IN  APRIL  PERIODICALS     ....  272 
LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  272 


MR.  WELLS  AND  RECONSTRUCTION. 


Almost  everybody  had  one  experience  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  war,  for  it  gave  a  sudden 
check  to  many  forms  of  thought  and  action. 
It  seemed  as  if  nothing  were  so  theoretical  or 
so  remote  as  to  be  unaffected.  In  politics, 
business,  philanthropy, —  even  in  education, 
philosophy,  art,  and  many  another  form  of 
interest, —  the  war  interposed  a  bar  even  to 
thought.  People  have  not  got  over  that  feel- 
ing. There  is  a  sort  of  indifference,  such  as 
comes  of  the  continuance  of  anything  which 
one  cannot  influence  in  any  way.  The  daily 
work  of  life  must  be  done,  and  it  is  better  ta 
do  it  with  undivided  mind.  Still  it  is  not  easy 
to  get  back  to  the  old  line  of  thought.  There 
is  a  tendency  to  jump  the  gap,  come  to  the 
end  of  the  war,  and  begin  anew. 

On  this  subject  there  are  all  sorts  of  ideas. 
Some  people  are  most  gloomy  in  their  fore- 
bodings ;  they  predict  an  intolerable  England 
or  a  predominant  Pan-Slavism  or  an  over- 
powering militarism,  or  even  a  new  epoch  of 
more  tremendous  wars.  Others  have  a  very 
different  view:  they  see  signs  of  a  renais- 
sance of  righteousness ;  they  believe  that  peo- 
ple will  get  together  for  a  re-assertion  of  the 
spiritual  in  life;  they  feel  that  somehow 
civilization  will  draw  good  out  of  so  great  evil. 

No  one  has  thought  more  on  just  this  sub- 
ject than  Mr.  H.  Gr.  Wells.  For  twenty  years 
he  has  been  constantly  turning  over  in  his 
mind  the  question  of  world  organization  and 
re-organization.  Whatever  one's  opinion  of 
the  value  of  his  thoughts  or  of  his  ideas,  there 
is  no  question  as  to  the  abundance  of  them. 
Mr.  Henry  James  (who  in  some  ways  can 
hardly  be  supposed  to  admire  Mr.  Wells) 
thinks  of  him  as  showering  his  ideas  upon 
mankind  ''as  from  a  high  window  ever  open." 
Mr.  Wells  has  sometimes  dealt  with  just  this 
question,  as  in  ''The  War  in  the  Air,"  the 
more  recent  "The  World  Set  Free,"  or  even 
such  a  book  as  "In  the  Days  of  the  Comet," 
in  which  we  have  reconstruction  not  after 
war,  it  is  true,  but  after  another  form  of 
cataclysm.  Sometimes  he  has  dealt  with  the 
general  question  of  ideal  society,  as  in  "An- 
ticipations," "Mankind  in  the  Making,"  "A 


248 


THE    DIAL 


[April  1 


Modern  Utopia."  Sometimes  he  has  pre- 
sented not  thought  on  this  subject,  but  peo- 
ple thinking,  as  in  "The  New  Macchiavelli " 
and  other  such  novels.  Of  late  he  has  pub- 
lished a  good  deal  of  particular  consideration 
of  the  immediate  future. 

With  Mr.  Wells 's  past  ideas  of  what  war 
would  be  or  his  present  ideas  of  how  current 
circumstances  may  best  be  managed,  we 
would  not  deal  at  the  moment.  As  to  the 
anticipations  of  the  past,  we  need  not  sup- 
pose that  they  could  have  been  exactly 
realized,  for  the  present  war  occurs  under 
circumstances  very  different  from  those 
which  Mr.  Wells  postulated.  As  to  his  ideas 
about  the  present  crisis,  we  may  suppose  that 
Mr.  Wells  has  opportunities  very  different 
from  ours,  so  that  our  criticism  would  not  be 
illuminating.  It  may  be  interesting,  how- 
ever, to  say  a  word  upon  what  seem  to  be 
Mr.  Wells 's  controlling  ideas,  as  we  see  them, 
let  us  not  say  in  all  his  books,  but  at  least  as 
they  appear  in  one  place  or  another,  seeming 
to  make  on  the  whole  rather  a  consistent  sys- 
tem. Such  main  ideas  have  been  before  the 
public  for  a  good  while. 

Implicit  in  much  of  Mr.  Wells 's  thinking 
on  this  subject  is  the  idea  of  a  new  temper,  a 
new  disposition,  in  mankind.  We  may  not 
think  this  a  very  probable  condition;  in  an 
earlier  book,  "In  the  Days  of  the  Comet," 
the  new  disposition  was  the  result  of  the  Great 
Change  caused  by  the  nitrogenous  gas  dif- 
fused by  the  comet.  After  that  people  were 
different,  and  indeed  as  one  read  it  seemed 
most  natural  that  they  should  be  different. 
In  "The  World  Set  Free"  Mr.  Wells  relied 
on  no  such  unlikely  circumstance ;  simply  the 
war  brought  about  such  horrible  destruction 
that  existence  itself  was  hardly  possible  for 
multitudes,  and  the  new  order  of  things  made 
"an  appeal  to  elements  in  the  nature  of  man 
that  had  hitherto  been  suppressed."  "The 
World  Set  Free"  is  said  to  have  exhausted 
the  reviewers'  stock  of  adjectives.  It  was 
pronounced  daring,  stimulating,  apocalyptic, 
masterly,  and  so  on,  as  well  as  timely.  All 
this  it  doubtless  was  and  much  more,  among 
other  things  very  plausible.  And  in  nothing 
was  it  more  plausible  than  in  the  way  in  which 
the  world  was  seen  to  acquiesce  in  the  assump- 
tion of  authority  by  those  who  set  themselves 
the  task  of  reconstruction.  The  conference 
governed  by  right  of  being  able  to  govern; 
it  obviated  interference  by  allowing  any  out- 


sider, who  wanted  to  help,  to  do  his  share  of 
the.  work.  And,  government  being  a  chance 
to  work  for  those  who  could  work  instead  of 
a  chance  to  draw  pay  for  those  who  had  a 
"pull,"  affairs  went  better  than  nowadays. 

We  may  have  our  doubts  as  to  such  a  plan ; 
but  even  so,  it  appears  that  Mr.  Wells  is 
basing  this  part  of  his  plan  upon  a  really 
existing  disposition.  When  a  number  of 
prominent  men  in  any  city  get  together  now- 
adays to  consider  some  immediate  question, 
such  as  unemployment  at  home  or  want 
abroad,  everyone  feels  that  it  is  the  proper 
thing,  and  they  carry  through  their  plan  with- 
out anyone  wanting  to  interfere  with  them, 
because  there  is  an  obvious  thing  to  be  done 
and  they  can  obviously  do  it.  Mr.  Wells 
develops  this  idea,  common  enough  in  every- 
one's experience,  upon  a  large  scale. 

With  or  without  such  a  change  in  general 
disposition,  the  fundamental  idea  of  Mr. 
Wells 's  reconstruction  is  usually  a  world- 
order  based  upon  scientific  coordination  and 
cooperation.  "Science,"  said  the  abdicating 
King  of  Italy,  in  the  book,  "is  the  new  king 
of  the  world.  ...  It  is  the  mind  of  the  race. ' ' 
As  we  see  the  process  in  "The  World  Set 
Free"  the  first  tasks  of  the  administration 
were,  almost  of  necessity,  scientific.  Here 
was  the  population  of  the  world  in  need  of 
food  and  shelter.  It  was  natural  to  go  about 
relief  in  a  scientific  way;  and  if  one  begins 
scientifically  why  not  go  on?  If  it  is  best  to 
have  a  world-planning  committee,  why  not 
have  city-planning  committees?  And  if  one 
is  going  to  arrange  the  cities  in  the  best  pos- 
sible way,  why  not  the  houses,  and  so  on  ? 

Of  course  in  the  United  States  we  have  a 
general  feeling  against  such  universal  man- 
agement. We  are  too  near  the  frontiersman 
to  be  willing  to  do  away  with  the  all-around 
man',  who  can  turn  his  mind  to  any  problem, 
in  favor  of  the  specialist.  But  there  is  an- 
other objection  suggested  (in  earlier  works) 
by  Mr.  Wells  himself, —  namely,  the  fact  that 
extreme  specialization  would  have  its  disad- 
vantages. In  "When  the  Sleeper  Wakes,"  a 
story  of  two  hundred  years  ahead,  we  have 
two  clearly  distinguished  classes,  the  workers 
and  the  players;  in  "The  Time  Machine" 
two  hundred  centuries  or  so  ahead  the  division 
has  become  much  more  marked  and  we  have 
two  distinct  species.  That  is  Mr.  Wells 's  view 
of  what  our  haphazard  specialization  will  re- 
sult in .  But  in  "  The  First  Men  in  the  Moon ' ' 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


249 


he  shows  us  scientific  system,  and  the  result 
is  worse.  The  Selenites  were  the  definite  re- 
sult of  systematic  selection :  those  who  had 
to  do  physical  work  were  all  hands  or  all 
whatever  they  had  to  work  Avith.  So  it  was 
with  mental  work:  one  man  could  remember, 
one  could  solve  problems.  The  Grand  Lunar, 
their  king,  wras  (characteristically)  all  brain. 
This  specialization  seemed  painful  to  the  visi- 
tor from  the  earth ;  though  as  Mr.  Wells  then 
remarked,  it  was  really  more  humane  to  have 
people  grow  up  into  machines  than  to  let  them 
grow  up  into  human  beings  and  then  make 
machines  out  of  them.  Still  that  last,  of 
course,  was  only  satire, —  better  have  them  not 
machines  at  all. 

Another  point  about  the  scientific  coopera- 
tion which  makes  such  a  figure  in  Mr.  Wells 's 
system  is  its  efficiency.  Now  efficiency  is 
rather  under  a  cloud  at  present,  and  people 
who  look  ahead  are  inclined  to  desire  not  a 
more  efficient  civilization  but  a  more  spiritual 
civilization.  Mr.  Wells 's  civilization  is  spir- 
itual in  some  senses ;  it  is  certainly  not  mate- 
rial or  mechanical.  In  "A  Modern  Utopia" 
we  have  a  civilization  far  less  material  than 
our  own  and  far  less  bound  by  the  ties  of 
mechanical  literalism.  So  also  in  the  little 
picture  at  the  end  of  "The  World  Set  Free" 
of  the  life  at  the  hospital ;  indeed,  Mr.  Wells 
is  always  full  of  ideas  which  in  the  simple 
sense  of  being  not  material,  not  bound  by 
legalism,  are  spiritual.  If,  however,  we  imply 
by  "spiritual,"  as  most  people  do,  some  rela- 
tion to  a  spirit  not  our  own,  then  it  is  pretty 
clear  that  we  are  thinking  of  something  out 
of  Mr.  Wells 's  usual  sphere.  As  one  watches 
the  unfolding  of  his  ideal  world  one  is  struck 
more  and  more  by  the  fact  that  it  has  nothing 
about  it  answering  to  the  usual  idea  of  relig- 
ion. It  will  be  remembered  that  most  of  the 
men  —  one  hesitates  to  say  heroes  —  in  Mr. 
Wells 's  books  are  men  who  have  parted  from 
traditional  religion  and  do  not  have  any 
obvious  substitute  for  it.  In  some  cases  Mr. 
Wells  tells  how  this  came  about.  Mr.  Lew- 
isham,  for  instance,  read  his  Butler's  "Anal- 
ogy" and  some  other  books,  had  doubts,  and 
called  upon  God  for  ' '  Faith ' '  in  the  silence  of 
the  night, —  "Faith  to  be  delivered  immedi- 
ately if  Mr.  Lewisham's  patronage  was  valued, 
and  which  nevertheless  was  not  so  deliv- 
ered." Mr.  Lewisham  was  an  early  figure, 
but  his  followers  had  equally  slight  expe- 
riences,—  which  is  perhaps  rather  like  life. 


One  would  not  expect  in  Mr.  Wells 's  think- 
ing to  find  much  consideration  of  traditional 
religion.  We  do,  however,  curiously  enough, 
have  something  slightly  of  the  sort:  in  "The 
World  Set  Free"  is  an  interesting  quotation 
from  the  general  memorandum  to  teachers 
which  was  ' '  the  keynote  of  the  modern  educa- 
tional system."  It  begins  with  the  familiar 
words,  ' '  Whosoever  will  save  his  life  shall  lose 
it,"  and  ends  with  this  singular  sentence: 
"Philosophy,  discovery,  art,  every  sort  of 
skill,  every  sort  of  service,  love, —  these  are  the 
means  of  salvation  from  that  narrow  loneli- 
ness of  desire,  that  brooding  preoccupation 
with  self  and  egotistical  relationships,  which 
is  hell  for  the  individual,  treason  to  the  race, 
and  exile  from  God."  These  last  words  must 
come  to  many  readers  of  the  book  with  some 
astonishment  as  the  first  appearance  of  God 
on  the  scene.  He  is  not  otherwise  mentioned, 
except  once,  and  that  in  connection  with  the 
past.  Yet  it  would  appear  that  He  was  some- 
how in  the  minds  of  the  world-managers. 

There  is  another  interesting  matter  which 
seems  to  bear  on  this  point.  ' '  The  World  Set 
Free"  ends  with  a  fine  account  of  the  last 
days  of  Karenin,  the  great  educational  genius 
and  organizer  whose  words  have  just  been 
quoted.  He  was  incurably  crippled  and  de- 
formed and  had  to  undergo  an  operation 
which  killed  him.  As  he  talks  with  the  direc- 
tors and  doctors  and  nurses  in  the  great  hos- 
pital in  the  Himalayas,  he  asks  whether  he 
could  not  be  patched  up  somehow  so  as  to  last 
a  bit  longer.  But  that  is  not  possible. 

"I  suppose,"  says  he,  "the  time  is  not  far 
off  when  such  bodies  will  no  longer  be  born 
into  the  world. ' ' 

"You  see,"  says  the  Doctor,  "it  is  neces- 
sary that  spirits  such  as  yours  should  be  born 
into  the  world. ' ' 

The  spirit  of  Karenin, —  what  could  that 
have  been  ?  Was  it  merely  his  wonderful  see- 
ing and  organizing  mind?  He  said  himself 
that  science  was  "the  awakening  mind  of  the 
race";  would  he  have  said  "the  awakening 
spirit  of  the  race,"  or  would  that  have  been 
something  different?  Surely  we  gather  that 
there  was  something  more  to  Karenin  than 
his  remarkable  mind,  something  more  to  his 
life  and  art  than  his  remarkable  penetration 
and  organization.  There  certainly  seems  the 
implication  of  something  which  was  perhaps 
in  mind  when  Karenin  wrote  of  being  ' '  exiled 
from  God."  But  just  what  that  something 


250 


THE    DIAL 


[  April  1 


was  Mr.  Wells  does  not  say  nor  does  it  have 
much  to  do  with  his  ideas  on  a  world-state. 

Such  things  seem  worth  noting  about  Mr. 
Wells  and  his  thinking.  You  may  wonder 
why,  if  one  disagree  with  him  on  such  funda- 
mental matters,  one  thinks  it  worth  while  to 
read  his  books  or  to  write  of  them.  But  few 
would  ask  such  a  question  who  have  felt  the 
fascination  of  any  great  writer,  or,  we  might 
say,  of  Mr.  Wells  in  particular.  As  one  reads 
his  books,  whether  agreeing  with  his  ideas  or 
not  —  and  generally  one  cannot  fully  agree 
with  him  —  one  is  carried  along  by  the  inter- 
est and  suggestion  of  there  being  so  many 
ideas,  or  even  of  any  ideas  at  all.  It  is  not  so 
much  that  he  "makes  one  think"  according  to 
the  stock  phrase,  but  that  he  suggests  so  much 
that  is  different  from  one's  ordinary  way  of 
looking  at  things  and  yet  so  plausible,  that 
one  is  constantly  agreeing  and  disagreeing 
and  always  in  a  state  where  one  wants  to  talk 
either  to  him  or  about  him. 

Yet  in  addition  to  all  this,  it  may  be  said 
that  even  though  facts  have  not  substantiated 
some  of  Mr.  Wells 's  ante-bellum  ideas,  and 
though  our  fundamental  conceptions  may  pre- 
vent our  accepting  all  his  ideas  for  recon- 
struction, yet  it  is  something  to  find  one  who 
has  definite  ideas  about  reconstruction.  We 
may  at  least  agree  with  him  in  the  idea  that 
there  ought  to  be  some  sort  of  reconstruction 
after  the  madness  of  the  moment  has  come  to 
an  end  and  men's  minds  may  undertake  some 
better  scheme  of  things. 

EDWARD  E.  HALE. 


CASUAL  COMMENT. 


BY  WAY  OF  PARENTHESIS  let  a  f ew  tentative 
observations  here  be  offered  on  a  minor  ques- 
tion of  literary  style.  Some  writers  there  are 
who  never  fail  to  unfold  their  thought  in  so 
logical  and  natural  and  altogether  convincing 
a  manner  that  the  reader  has  a  delightful 
sense  of  being  lifted  and  carried,  without  jolt 
or  jar,  to  a  predestined  goal.  No  sudden  halts 
for  repairs,  no  spasmodic  sprints  to  make  up 
the  time  lost  in  such  halts,  no  time-wasting 
zig-zag  side-trips  on  the  way,  rack  the  pas- 
senger 's  nerves  and  fret  his  soul.  Of  this  sure 
and  steady  gait  are  such  prose  masters  as 
Johnson  and  Macaulay,  to  read  whom  is  a  rest 
and  a  relief  from  the  chaos  of  one's  own  less 
strictly  disciplined  mental  processes.  Others 
there  are,  of  a  quite  different  habit,  whose 
mode  of  progression,  if  not  exactly  that  of  the 
"razzle-dazzle,"  familiar  to  sea-side  pleasure- 


seekers,  yet  bears  some  resemblance  to  the 
meanderings  of  the  "roller-coaster"  track. 
Mazes  and  involutions,  doublings  and  turn- 
ings, lingerings  and  loiterings  and  wide  cir- 
cumambulations,  are  dear  to  this  order  of 
writers,  and  the  elaborate  pattern  traced  by 
the  pen  of  a  master  in  this  labyrinthine  style 
moves  to  ecstasies  of  admiration  and  despair. 
In  this  category  belong,  preeminently,  Walter 
Pater  and  Mr.  Henry  James.  Each  of  these 
two  so  opposite  manners  has,  of  course,  the 
defects  of  its  qualities,  and  each  may  win  from 
an  impartial  reader  an  equal  degree  of  ap- 
proval, or  of  disapproval.  One  test  of  style  as 
a  sure  and  effective  vehicle  of  thought  is  found 
in  its  suitability  or  unsuitability  for  oral 
recital.  Many  a  person  in  the  habit  of  reading 
aloud  to  others  must  have  noted  the  ease  and 
satisfaction  with  which  certain  authors  may 
be  thus  interpreted  to  the  listening  ear,  while 
others,  equally  or  even  more  richly  gifted,  are 
an  irritation  and  a  torture  to  both  him  who 
reads  and  him  who  listens.  Excessive  use  of 
the  parenthesis  is  a  not  uncommon  hindrance 
to  ready  recitability ;  and  it  is  not  a  rash 
assertion  that  the  woman  writer  is  more  given 
than  the  man  to  this  parenthetical  style,  this 
habit  of  catching  at  the  first  thought  or  image 
that  presents  itself,  and  then  breaking  off  for 
a  moment,  sometimes  a  long  moment,  to  make 
a  place  for  omissions,  or,  so  to  speak,  to  pick 
up  the  dropped  stitches,  before  completing  the 
sentence.  This  rather  awkward  procedure 
might  be  likened  to  the  headlong  haste  of  a 
boy  who,  in  dressing,  inadvertently  snatches 
up  his  coat  and  begins  to  put  it  on  before 
donning  his  vest,  and  then,  perceiving  his 
error,  holds  his  coat  in  suspension  with  his 
teeth  while  wriggling  into  his  vest,  after  which 
exhibition  of  misapplied  energy  he  succeeds  in 
adjusting  the  other  garment. 

•        •        • 

"SHAKESPEARE  EVERY  DAY/'  the  motto  of 
the  Henry  Jewett  Players  at  the  Boston  Opera 
House,  evidently  assumes  that  the  greatest  of 
the  world's  dramatic  poets  is  not  too  bright  or 
good  for  human  nature's  daily  food;  and  that 
this  is  no  rash  assumption  one  would  fain  be- 
lieve, as  in  fact  one  is  encouraged  to  believe  by 
the  report  that  the  production,  since  the  begin- 
ning of  the  year,  of  the  five  plays,  "As  You 
Like  It,"  "The  Merchant  of  Venice,"  "The 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,"  "Julius  Cassar," 
and  "Romeo  and  Juliet,"  has  met  with  "the 
hearty  approval  of  the  press  and  the  enthusi- 
astic support  of  the  public."  Here  would 
seem  to  be  gratifying  proof,  if  proof  were 
needed,  that  the  great  mass  of  wholesome, 
hearty,  unaffected,  workaday  people  really 
prefer  good  drama  to  worthless  if  they  are  but 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


251 


allowed  a  choice.  For  the  purposes  of  ade- 
quate and  not  too  costly  presentation  of  a 
rather  long  list  of  Shakespeare  plays,  a  good 
stock  company  like  the  above-named,  striving 
to  attain  and  maintain  "balance,  smoothness, 
coordination,  and  careful  detail,"  is  likely  in 
the  long  run  to  produce  better  results,  both  on 
the  stage  and  in  the  box-office,  than  can  be 
expected  of  a  single  star  indifferently  sup- 
ported. Like  Mr.  Granville  Barker  in  his 
praiseworthy  endeavors  to  provide  the  New 
York  public  with  something  better  than  the 
theatres  have  hitherto  been  offering,  the 
Jewett  Players,  if  their  prospectus  speaks 
truly,  are  striving  to  confer  upon  Boston  a 
benefit  of  no  mean  sort.  With  the  innumera- 
ble moving-picture  houses  and  other  cheap 
resorts  as  rivals  in  the  amusement  field,  the 
management  still  hopes  to  win  the  increasing 
favor  of  the  great  public.  Here  is  the  beatific 
vision  that  inspires  the  movement:  "The 
ideal  toward  which  the  management  is  con- 
stantly looking  is  the  establishment  of  a  per- 
manent repertory  theatre  in  Boston,  a  theatre 
for  all  the  people  who  love  the  drama,  and  not 
merely  for  habitual  playgoers.  ...  To  pro- 
vide the  best  in  drama,  presented  by  the  best 
players  obtainable,  in  the  most  beautiful  play- 
house in  America,  and  at  the  most  reasonable 
of  '  popular '  prices :  this  is  the  means  whereby 
the  management  hopes  to  bring  about  that 
long-cherished  dream  of  a  theatre  that  shall 
be  to  Boston  much  the  sort  of  institutional 
influence  that  the  Comedie  Francaise  is  to 

Paris." 

•    •    • 

A  GET-RICH-QUICK  CULTURE  naturally  has  its 
attractions  for  many  in  this  stirring  age  and 
generation ;  but  it  was  this  sort  of  crude  cul- 
ture, or  pseudo-culture,  that  received  a  sharp 
rap  of  condemnation  from  the  president  of 
Hamilton  College  at  a  recent  teachers '  confer- 
ence held  at  the  seat  of  that  institution  of 
learning.  Urging  a  rally  to  the  cause  of  the 
classics,  and  deprecating  the  increasing  ten- 
dency to  short-cuts  through  school  and  college, 
the  speaker  said :  "If  this  practical  and  mer- 
cenary attitude  continues,  not  only  will  the 
classics  disappear  from  our  curricula,  but 
higher  mathematics  and  the  more  advanced 
work  in  literature  will  also  go."  How  much 
more  than  mere  "polite  literature"  may  be 
meant  by  a  broadly  based  classical  culture  was 
long  ago  made  clear  by  Matthew  Arnold  in 
reply  to  some  of  Huxley's  depreciatory  re- 
marks on  Arnold's  educational  ideals.  The 
scientist  had  averred  that  his  distinguished 
contemporary  referred  only  to  belles  lettres 
when  he  spoke  of  the  need  of  knowing  the  best 
that  has  been  thought  and  said  by  the  modern 


nations ;  to  which  Arnold  replied  in  one  of  his 
American  lectures  (that  on  "Literature  and 
Science")  :  "But  as  I  do  not  mean,  by  know- 
ing ancient  Rome,  knowing  merely  more  or 
less  of  Latin  belles  lettres,  and  taking  no  ac- 
count of  Rome's  military,  and  political,  and 
legal,  and  administrative  work  in  the  world; 
and  as,  by  knowing  ancient  Greece,  I  under- 
stand knowing  her  as  the  giver  of  Greek  art, 
and  the  guide  to  a  free  and  right  use  of  reason 
and  to  scientific  method,  and  the  founder  of 
our  mathematics  and  physics  and  astronomy 
and  biology, —  I  understand  knowing  her  as  all 
this,  and  not  merely  knowing  certain  Greek 
poems,  and  histories,  and  treatises,  and 
speeches, —  so  as  to  the  knowledge  of  modern 
nations  also.  By  knowing  modern  nations,  I 
mean  not  merely  knowing  their  belles  lettres, 
but  knowing  also  what  has  been  done  by  such 
men  as  Copernicus,  Galileo,  Newton,  Darwin." 
It  is  safe  to  say  that  no  system  of  get-rich- 
quick  culture  will  give  the  world  either  any 
Arnolds  or  any  Huxleys. 
•  •  • 

A    FOLLOWER    IN    THE    FOOTSTEPS    OF    CLARK 

RUSSELL,  like  him  going  to  sea  at  a  tender  age, 
but  continuing  much  longer  this  life  on  the 
ocean  wave,  like  him  turning  to  later  literary 
account  his  salt-water  experiences,  though 
with  somewhat  less  abundant  productivity, 
and  like  him  enjoying  in  his  lifetime  a  gratify- 
ing degree  of  popular  success,  the  late  Frank 
Thomas  Bullen  (he  died  last  month  at 
Madeira)  might  well  be  called,  so  far  as  there 
is  any  meaning  in  the  term,  a  self-made  author. 
Born  in  London  April  5,  1857,  he  received  no 
school  education  after  nine  years  of  age,  when 
he  became  an  errand  boy  and  began  to  make 
his  own  way  in  the  world.  At  seventeen  he 
turned  sailor,  and  for  fourteen  years  he  was  a 
sea-rover,  visiting  all  parts  of  the  world  and 
rising  to  the  position  of  chief  mate,  after  which 
he  accepted  a  junior  clerkship  in  the  Meteoro- 
logical Office,  where  he  remained  until  1890, 
making  meanwhile  occasional  and  not  unsuc- 
cessful trial  of  his  pen  as  a  story-teller.  In- 
deed, such  encouragement  did  he  receive  from 
editors  and  readers  of  these  tales  of  the  sea 
that  he  decided  to  devote  himself  unreservedly 
to  their  composition.  His  whaling  story, ' '  The 
Cruise  of  the  'Cachalot,'  "  in  emulation  of  the 
work  of  a  greater  than  he,  the  gifted  author 
of  "Moby  Dick,"  is  perhaps  the  best-known  as 
it  is  among  the  most  readable  of  his  numerous 
romances  of  sea-faring,  which  include,  among 
others,  "A  Whaleman's  Wife,"  "Cut  off 
from  the  World,"  "Creatures  of  the  Sea," 
"A  Son  of  the  Sea,"  and  "Sea- wrack." 
Somewhat  different  from  these,  and  yet  begot- 
ten of  the  same  sort  of  activity  and  observa- 


252 


THE    DIAL 


[April  1 


tion,  are  his  "religious  autobiography," 
"With  Christ  at  Sea,"  and  his  book  entitled 
' '  Sea  Puritans. ' '  Though  not  a  Herman  Mel- 
ville or  a  Clark  Russell  or,  still  less,  a  Joseph 
Conrad,  Bullen  had  won  for  himself  an  inti- 
mate knowledge  of  things  maritime,  and  he 
wrote  from  the  fulness  of  personal  experience. 
Significant  of  his  industry  as  a  writer  is  the 
brief  entry  under  the  head  of  recreations  in 
' '  Who 's  Who. ' '  One  word  sufficed,— ' '  none. ' ' 

•        •         • 

A  FAMOUS  POLITICAL  PAMPHLET,  ' '  The  Fight 

in  Dame  Europa's  School,"  with  appropriate 
and  amusing  illustrations  by  Thomas  Nast, 
who  was  just  beginning  to  achieve  fame  when 
the  pamphlet  was  written,  will  bear  a  re- 
reading at  this  time,  if  one  is  so  fortunate  as 
to  have  access  to  a  copy  of  the  forty-four- 
year-old  publication  or  any  later  reproduction 
of  it.  The  satirical  author  begins  in  the  fol- 
lowing pleasant  vein,  as  some  older  readers 
may  remember:  "Mrs.  Europa  kept  a  dame 
school,  where  boys  were  well  instructed  in 
modern  languages,  fortification,  and  the  use 
of  the  globes.  Her  connection  and  credit  were 
good,  for  there  was  no  other  school  where  so 
sound  and  liberal  an  education  could  be  ob- 
tained. .  .  .  These  lads  at  Mrs.  Europa's  were 
of  all  sorts  and  sizes  —  good  boys  and  bad 
boys,  sharp  boys  and  slow  boys,  industrious 
boys  and  idle  boys,  peaceable  boys  and  pugna- 
cious boys,  well-behaved  boys  and  vulgar  boys ; 
and  of  course  the  good  old  dame  could  not 
manage  them  all.  So,  as  she  did  not  like  the 
masters  to  be  prying  about  the  playground  out 
of  school,  she  chose  from  among  the  biggest 
and  most  trustworthy  of  her  pupils  five  moni- 
tors, who  had  authority  over  the  rest  of  the 
boys,  and  kept  the  unruly  ones  in  order. 
These  five,  at  the  time  of  which  we  are  writing, 
were  Louis,  William,  Aleck,  Joseph,  and 
John."  Then  follows,  of  course,  the  story  of 
the  fierce  quarrel  between  Louis  and  William, 
with  the  awkward  part  played  by  the  other 
monitors  in  their  attempts  to  preserve  a  digni- 
fied neutrality ;  and  it  is  John 's  conduct  that 
receives  the  satirist's  sharpest  stabs.  Among 
the  innumerable  printed  products  that  owe 
their  origin  to  the  present  war,  a  new  "Dame 
Europa's  School,"  modelled  after  the  old,  was 
sure  to  find  a  place. 

NEW  BOOKS  FOR  OLD  might  sound  like  a  good 
bargain  to  an  unwary  Princess  Badroulbou- 
dour,  but  if  the  Aladdin  in  the  case  were  any- 
thing of  a  bibliophile  he  would  not  thank  his 
fair  spouse  for  lending  an  ear  to  the  specious 
offers  of  the  book-peddling  magician.  In  the 
latest  report  of  the  New  York  State  Library, 
Mr.  Wyer,  the  Director,  announces  the  acquisi- 


tion of  three  hundred  thousand  "pieces" 
(presumably  books,  pamphlets,  manuscripts, 
etc.)  in  partial  replacement  of  the  valuable 
collection  destroyed  by  fire  two  years  before. 
Yet  he  asserts  that  these  considerable  acces- 
sions "do  not  remotely  approach  three-fifths 
of  the  gross  value  and  effectiveness  of  the 
500,000  pieces  burned."  And  he  continues: 
"There  are  two  chief  reasons  for  this:  the 
increased  cost  of  books  and  the  impossibility 
of  reproducing  by  a  tour  de  force  the  costly 
organization  and  bibliographic  apparatus  for 
administration  which  was  established  in  the 
old  library.  Not  only  have  currently  pub- 
lished books  shared  substantially  in  that  in- 
creased cost  which  has  marked  luxuries  as  well 
as  necessaries  during  the  past  ten  or  fifteen 
years,  but  older  books,  those  outside  the  trade 
and  technically  known  as  '  out  of  print, '  espe- 
cially of  certain  kinds,  have  multiplied  in 
value  often  many  hundred  fold."  Both  the 
spread  of  public  libraries  and  the  increase  in 
the  number  of  wealthy  private  collectors  have 
contributed  to  raise  the  price  of  out-of-print 
books.  The  multimillionaire  collector  is  a  for- 
midable competitor  for  even  the  richest  library 
to  bid  against,  and  the  only  possible  course  in 
such  circumstances  is  usually  for  the  library 
to  possess  its  purse  in  patience  and  wait  for 
the  multimillionaire's  inevitable  relinquish- 
ment  of  his  treasures  in  the  course  of  nature, 
when  they  may  be  again  thrown  on  the  mar- 
ket or  perhaps  bequeathed  to  the  very  library 
most  desirous  of  obtaining  them.  In  the  book 
world  all  things  have  a  tendency  to  come  to 

him  who  waits. 

•    •    • 

AN  EDITOR  WITH  AN  IDEAL  that  he  succeeds 
to  a  notable  degree  in  realizing  is  in  one  sense 
a  creative  author,  and  so  deserves  something 
of  the  honor  paid  to  gifted  authorship.  This, 
of  course,  presupposes  that  the  ideal  is  con- 
siderably higher  than  that  symbolized  by  the 
letter  S  crossed  by  two  perpendicular  lines. 
Of  this  high  quality  was  the  standard  set  for 
himself  by  the  late  Samuel  Bowles,  fourth  of 
that  name  and  third  in  successive  editorship 
of  the  Springfield  "Republican."  Though  he 
was,  by  genius  and  training,  much  more  of  a 
business  manager  than  a  man  of  letters,  yet 
he  was  heir  to  the  journalistic  traditions  of 
his  father  and  grandfather,  and  succeeded  in 
perpetuating  those  traditions  as  embodied  in 
the  newspaper  founded  ninety-one  years  ago. 
As  his  father  before  him  had  added  the  daily 
to  the  weekly  issue  of  the  journal,  so  he  ex- 
tended its  field  by  creating  the  Sunday 
"Republican,"  perhaps  the  best,  the  most 
respectable,  the  most  worthy  of  a  careful  read- 
ing from  beginning  to  end,  of  all  our  Sunday 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


253 


journals.  Some  of  the  minor  peculiarities  of 
the  "Republican"  have  acquired  a  fame  al- 
most as  wide  as  its  reputation,  for  literary 
excellence  and  general  sanity.  Its  scholarly 
restraint  in  the  use  of  capitals  is  commend- 
able, even  though  carried  to  some  excess.  Its 
slight  leanings  toward  spelling-reform  are 
chiefly  praiseworthy  in  that  they  go  no  fur- 
ther. Mr.  Bowles,  who  was  in  his  sixty-fourth 
year  when  he  died  (March  14),  seems  to  be 
succeeded  by  no  Samuel  Bowles  the  fifth,  in 
the  control  of  his  paper,  though  he  does  leave 
a  son  of  that  name  in  journalism  in  another 
city;  yet  it  is  to  be  hoped  and  confidently 
expected  that  the  standard  of  the  "Repub- 
lican" will  suffer  no  depression  from  his 

death. 

•    •    • 

THE  BOUNDLESSNESS  OF  THE  FIELD  OF  AU- 
THORSHIP is  now  and  then  brought  forcibly  to 
one's  realization.  Unsuspected  domains  of 
literary  activity  reveal  themselves  upon  glanc- 
ing however  cursorily  over  the  catalogue  of 
almost  any  considerable  collection  of  books. 
A  list  of  bibliographies,  dry  in  itself  as  the 
proverbial  "remainder  biscuit  after  a  voy- 
age," is  nevertheless  a  good  eye-opener  to  the 
vastness  of  the  world  of  things  written  about. 
This  splendid  spaciousness  of  the  literary 
realm  — ' '  literary ' '  is  here  used  in  its  largest 
sense  —  was  brought  home  to  us  not  long  ago 
by  the  appearance  of  a  "Bibliography  of 
Bibliographies,"  and  is  now  again  made  in 
some  sort  apprehensible  to  the  intelligence  by 
a  perusal  of  the  latest  report  of  that  triply 
based  institution  whose  foundations  were  laid 
by  John  Jacob  Astor,  James  Lenox,  and  Sam- 
uel J.  Tilden.  For  instance,  it  appears  that 
in  the  Technology  Division  of  that  library 
there  was  recently  compiled  and  published  a 
list  of  works  on  oxy-acetylene  welding,  and 
even  in  so  limited  and  specialized  a  branch  of 
technical  study  there  were  enough  treatises  to 
furnish  a  catalogue  thirty-four  pages  in 
length.  It  is  small  wonder  that  the  special 
libraries,  whereof  so  little  was  heard  and  so 
small  account  was  made  in  our  youth,  have 
now  their  proper  organization  and  are  fast 
growing  in  number  and  importance. 


A   NEW    VARIETY    OF    THE    JOURNALIST'S   ART 

appeals  for  recognition  in  the  world  of  letters ; 
it  is  to  be  known  as  rural  journalism,  and  its 
mysteries  will  be  taught,  appropriately 
enough,  at  the  agricultural  college.  The  trus- 
tees of  the  school  of  farming  at  Amherst 
(Mass.)  have  voted  to  establish  a  "major" 
course  in  this  latest  branch  of  journalism,  un- 
der the  direction  of  Professor  Robert  "W.  Neal, 


who  has  urged  the  innovation  on  the  ground 
of  "the  extreme  importance  of  the  farm  jour- 
nal and  the  country  newspaper  to  country 
life."  Agricultural  schools,  it  is  argued,  in 
order  to  treat  effectively  the  subject  of  farm- 
ing in  all  its  phases  and  ramifications,  have 
found  it  necessary  to  concern  themselves  with 
the  economic  and  social  interests  of  country 
life.  Hence  the  attention  they  pay  to  the 
churches  and  schools  as  important  factors  in 
rural  affairs ;  and  hence,  too,  their  recognition 
of  the  newspaper  as  a  powerful  influence  in 
the  life  and  work  of  the  farming  community. 
In  all  this  the  man  of  letters  will  be  disposed 
to  see  an  acknowledgment  that  the  pen  is 
mightier  than  the  plough. 
•  •  • 

A    PLEASING    PROSPECT   IN    BIOGRAPHY    Opens 

before  us  in  the  announcement  of  two  forth- 
coming books  on  that  brilliant  author  and 
many-sided,  lovable,  and  always  interesting 
man,  the  late  Father  Hugh  Benson,  recently 
cut  off  in  the  early  prime  of  his  remarkable 
powrers.  The  more  full  and  formal  biography 
will  be  that  prepared  by  Benson's  friend, 
Father  Martindale,  who,  a  brilliant  man  him- 
self, is  said  to  have  understood  his  brilliant 
associate  as  well  as  to  have  loved  him.  There 
will  also  be  the  less  elaborate  but  probably 
more  touching  tribute  from  the  elder  brother, 
Mr.  Arthur  Christopher  Benson,  under  the 
title,  "Hugh:  The  Memoir  of  a  Brother." 
From  such  passages  of  biographical  reminis- 
cence as  have  already  come  from  his  pen  —  as 
in  "The  Leaves  of  the  Tree"  and  in  several  of 
his  volumes  of  miscellaneous  essays  —  one  may 
safely  assume  that  the  promised  fraternal 
sketch  will  be  likely  to  take  its  place  among 
the  books  that  are  not  soon  allowed  to  perish 
from  memory. 


COMMUNICATION. 


A  WOED  OF  EXPLANATION. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

In  your  issue  of  March  4  the  statement  is  made 
that  "  a  branch  of  the  St.  Louis  Public  Library 
was  wiped  out  by  fire."  Although  technically  cor- 
rect, this  statement  is,  I  fear,  apt  to  be  misleading. 
The  fire  was  that  which  destroyed  the  Missouri 
Building  at  the  St.  Louis  World's  Fair.  In  this 
building  among  other  things  was  an  exhibit  of  the 
American  Library  Association,  which  was  operated 
as  a  temporary  branch  of  the  St.  Louis  Public 
Library.  The  building,  like  most  of  those  at 
world's  fairs,  was  of  light  temporary  construction, 
and  therefore  easily  burned.  Our  regular  branches 
are  all  of  fire-proof  construction. 

ARTHUR  E.  BOSTWICK. 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  March  18,  1915. 


254 


THE    DIAL 


[April  1 


FROM  CANOE  TO  AEROPLANE  IN 
AMERICAN  TRAVEL.* 


In  no  field  of  invention  is  the  cumulative 
rapidity  of  progress  more  impressive  than  in 
the  development  of  modern  means  of  travel. 
Truism  though  it  be  that  every  fresh  discovery 
of  science  makes  possible  a  hundred  additional 
discoveries  and  inventions,  so  that  the  rate  of 
advance  is  represented  by  a  geometrical  pro- 
gression having  a  very  large  constant  factor, 
the  marvel  of  modern  scientific  and  industrial 
progress  never  loses  its  power  to  impress  and 
fairly  to  daze  the  imagination.  Even  the 
crudest  conjecture  of  what  astounding  results 
may  be  possible  to  applied  science  in  a  single 
decade  or  half-decade  of  the  twenty-first 
century,  if  already  that  brief  space  of  time 
suffices  for  achievements  exceeding  the  total  of 
accomplishment  witnessed  by  entire  centuries, 
is  enough  to  take  away  the  breath.  Confining 
himself  to  that  department  of  applied  science 
which  has  to  do  with  the  means  of  locomotion, 
and  also  limiting  his  researches  to  our  own 
country  and,  in  the  main,  to  the  century  end- 
ing with  the  completion  of  the  first  transcon- 
tinental railway,  Mr.  Seymour  Dunbar  has 
nevertheless  found  ample  material,  both  docu- 
mentary and  illustrative,  for  the  filling  of  a 
four-volume  work  which  is  thus  comprehen- 
sively designated  on  the  title-page:  "A  His- 
tory of  Travel  in  America.  Showing  the 
Development  of  Travel  and  Transportation 
from  the  Crude  Methods  of  the  Canoe  and  the 
Dog-Sled  to  the  Highly  Organized  Railway 
Systems  of  the  Present,  Together  with  a  Nar- 
rative of  the  Human  Experiences  and  Chang- 
ing Social  Conditions  that  Accompanied  this 
Economic  Conquest  of  the  Continent."  It  is 
elaborately  equipped  "with  maps  and  other 
illustrations  reproduced  from  early  engrav- 
ings, original  contemporaneous  drawings  and 
broadsides."  A  final  chapter  gives  a  "sum- 
mary of  present  conditions"  and  briefly  fore- 
shadows the  wonders  to  come,  including  of 
course  the  still  unimagined  developments  of 
aerial  navigation.  Then  follow  a  hundred 
pages  of  appended  matter,  historical  and  sta- 
tistical, and  an  elaborate  fifty-page  index,  the 
whole  work  attaining  the  rather  formidable 
proportions  of  1529  pages.  So  impressive  a 
monument  to  a  single  person's  industry  and 
scholarship  cannot  fail  to  command  admira- 
tion. 

With  all  the  books  on  historic  highways  and 

*  A  HISTORY  OF  TRAVEL  IN  AMERICA.  By  Seymour  Dunbar. 
In  four  volumes.  Illustrated.  Indianapolis :  The  Bobbs-Merrill 
Co. 


waterways  and  famous  trails  that  our  histo- 
rians and  descriptive  writers  have  of  late  pro- 
duced, much  of  the  present  work  will  be  more 
or  less  familiar  to  many  readers ;  but  its  point 
of  view,  most  of  its  details,  and  not  a  few  of 
its  illustrations,  will  probably  be  found  to  pos- 
sess a  pleasing  novelty,  and  their  manner  of 
presentation,  by  which  is  meant,  not  least  of 
all,  the  sumptuous  appearance  of  these  well- 
made  volumes,  will  not  fail  to  attract.  In  his 
attitude  toward  his  subject  the  author  natu- 
rally and  properly  fails  not,  throughout,  to 
uphold  the  dignity  and  importance  and  far- 
reaching  significance  of  his  theme.  Modes  of 
moving  from  place  to  place  he  considers  indica- 
tive of  the  degree  of  development  attained  by 
the  people  using  them;  and  a  well-developed 
vehicular  traffic  is  of  course  a  potent  instru- 
ment for  the  material  and  intellectual  improve- 
ment of  the  society  in  which  it  is  found.  This 
philosophy  of  the  matter,  however  pleasing 
and  satisfying  to  the  author  and  his  readers, 
has  nevertheless  its  weak  points.  If  a  people's 
method  of  travel  is  to  serve  as  a  criterion  of  its 
general  enlightenment  and  progress,  the 
Greeks  of  the  time  of  Pericles  ought  to  be 
accounted  as  little  better  than  barbarians,  and 
the  subjects  of  King  Cheops,  notwithstanding 
the  testimony  of  the  Pyramids,  could  hardly 
be  said  to  have  emerged  from  savagery.  But, 
granting  the  soundness  of  the  author's  theory 
in  the  main,  let  us  allow  him  to  set  forth  in  his 
own  words  something  of  the  plan  and  purpose 
of  his  work.  In  his  opening  chapter  he  says : 
"  The  subject  to  which  these  pages  are  devoted 
is  the  foundation  whereon  the  country,  considered 
as  a  social  and  industrial  organization,  has  been 
built.  A  few  years  ago  —  until  as  late  a  date  as 
1806  —  the  six  or  seven  million  people  of  America 
were  contentedly  visiting  their  friends,  or  moving 
about  on  business,  in  flatboats,  dog-sleds,  stage- 
coaches, strange  wagons  or  canoes.  Those  were  the 
only  vehicles  of  travel,  and  when  they  were  not 
available,  as  was  very  often  the  case,  the  traveller 
walked  or  else  rode  upon  a  horse.  To  go  from  the 
Atlantic  seacoast  to  such  remote  regions  as  Cin- 
cinnati or  St.  Louis  or  Fort  Dearborn  —  now  Chi- 
cago—  in  those  days  meant  a  journey  of  many 
weary  weeks,  with  possibly  the  loss  of  a  scalp. 
Such  a  thing  as  a  trip  across  the  continent  and 
back  was  not  within  the  range  of  thought  of  the 
ordinary  man.  ...  In  this  present  realm  of  four- 
day  ocean  steamships,  of  trains  that  dive  beneath 
rivers  or  plunge  through  a  thousand  miles  in 
twenty  hours,  of  subways,  motor-cars,  submarine 
boats,  and  with  the  flying  machine  just  beginning 
to  dot  the  sky,  we  are  privileged  to  remember,  if 
we  choose,  that  once  upon  a  time  the  express  boats 
on  the  canals  maintained  a  speed  of  three  miles  an 
hour  for  day  after  day,  and  that  the  Pioneer  Fast 
Line  advertised  it  would  rush  its  passengers 
through  from  Philadelphia  to  Pittsburgh  in  four 
days  —  and  often  nearly  kept  its  word." 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


255 


In  its  wealth  of  contents,  the  book  first  sur- 
veys the  general  condition  and  appearance  of 
our  country  in  its  infancy,  pointing  out  the 
all  but  insuperable  difficulties  of  travel 
through  the  dense  forests,  and  giving  some 
account  of  the  early  Indian  trails ;  then  traces 
the  gradual  growth  of  improved  means  of  com- 
munication as  influenced  and  accelerated  by 
the  condition  and  needs  of  the  people,  and 
argues  that  it  was  universal  transportation 
facilities,  rather  than  politics  or  war,  that 
acted  as  the  compelling  force  for  real  national 
unity;  brings  forward  much  new  material  in 
illustration  of  social  conditions  and  modes  of 
travel  in  the  middle  and  far  "West,  with 
glimpses  of  pioneer  life  and  details  concerning 
the  government's  dealings  with  our  native 
tribes ;  and,  in  its  later  chapters,  exhibits  the 
on-rush  of  our  population  into  the  vast  west- 
ern domain  made  at  last  accessible  to  all  by  the 
road  of  iron.  With  a  "summary  of  present 
conditions,"  as  already  stated,  the  fascinating 
narrative  comes  to  a  close.  As  a  sample  of  its 
quality,  a  passage  describing  the  old-fashioned 
tavern  breakfast  will  here  serve  as  well  as 
another : 

"  Then  came  the  breakfast  ceremonial.  The  host 
marched  to  the  front  door,  lifted  a  cow's  horn  to 
his  lips  and  sent  forth  the  resounding  blast  that 
summoned  all  hands  to  the  table.  Some  landlords 
preferred  a  big  bell  rather  than  a  horn,  and  filled 
the  air  with  a  clangor  heard  for  a  mile  around.  A 
meal  at  one  of  the  early  taverns  was  nearly  always 
a  bountiful  repast,  and  usually  ended,  whether  at 
breakfast,  dinner  or  supper,  with  two  or  more 
kinds  of  pie.  Everything  was  put  on  the  big  table 
at  once,  and  everybody  ate  until  he  reluctantly 
made  up  his  mind  to  stop.  In  those  days  a  meal 
meant  all  a  man  wanted  to  eat.  The  price  re- 
mained the  same.  A  slice  of  bread  was  visible 
even  when  the  edge  of  it  was  held  toward  the  eye. 
the  butter  could  be  safely  attributed  to  the  cow, 
and  a  third  cup  of  tea  or  glass  of  milk  was  as 
smilingly  produced,  if  called  for,  as  the  first.  In 
short,  the  deplorable  deficiency  in  varieties  of 
knives  and  forks,  and  in  different  species  of  spoons 
—  as  measured  by  modern  requirements  —  was 
made  up  by  a  plenitude  of  things  that  could  be 
eaten  instead  of  looked  at." 

The  beginning  of  certain  reprehensible 
practices  in  railroad  finance  that  are  now  only 
too  well  known  to  us  of  a  later  generation  is 
traced  back  to  about  the  middle  of  last  cen- 
tury, or,  more  definitely,  to  the  year  1848,  and 
is  thus  noticed  by  the  author  in  connection 
with  the  general  railway  development  of  the 
period : 

"  At  about  this  time,  however,  there  likewise 
appeared  the  first  outwai'd  symptoms  of  an  un- 
fortunate condition  that  was  destined  to  become 
much  more  prominent  as  the  years  went  on,  and 
that  has  injuriously  affected  the  railway  system  of 


the  country  since  the  period  mentioned.  Although 
the  people  as  a  whole  had  cast  out  their  mania  and 
viewed  the  subjects  of  railroad  construction  and 
administration  with  saner  eyes,  a  small  but  influ- 
ential portion  of  the  population  did  not  follow 
their  example.  Those  avaricious  men  who  repre- 
sented, in  the  economic  and  political  affairs  of 
their  day.  the  influences  which  these  later  times 
have  come  to  define  as  '  predatory  wealth '  and 
'  special  privilege,'  were  beginning  to  recognize  the 
opportunities  that  would  lie  within  their  grasp  if 
they  could  control  so  vital  a  portion  'of  the  nation's; 
industrial  fabric  as  the  railways  were  obviously 
destined  to  become.  They  caught  glimpses  of  the 
power  that  would  be  theirs  if  they  built,  operated 
and  manipulated  railways  as  gigantic  weapons, 
rather  than  as  agencies  of  public  benefit  which 
would  methodically  aid  in  the  creation  of  new 
wealth  through  the  operation  of  those  processes 
they  were  primarily  designed  to  perform.  To 
characters  so  warped,  and  to  able  minds  so  inclined, 
the  lure  was  irresistible  and  the  result  was  sure. 
Thus  began  the  extensive  practice  of  building  rail- 
ways with  the  object  of  acquiring  money  through 
their  construction  rather  than  by  their  later  efficient 
operation." 

Then  is  described  in  outline  the  nefarious 
scheme  wrhereby,  with  occasional  differences  in 
detail  but  with  a  wearisome  sameness  in  essen- 
tial rascality,  the  too-trusting  investor  of  the 
last  half-century  or  more  has  been  plundered 
by  the  unprincipled  and  avaricious  railroad- 
promoter  and  railroad-wrecker. 

A  noteworthy  chapter  of  the  concluding 
volume  is  devoted  to  the  history  of  the  great 
Mormon  overland  pilgrimage  of  1846-8,  re- 
lating the  events  that  led  up  to  it,  the  expul- 
sion of  the  Church  of  Latter-day  Saints  from 
Nauvoo,  the  sufferings  of  the  migrating  party, 
the  discovery  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake  Valley, 
and  the  final  settlement  of  the  wandering  host 
in  the  new  land  of  promise  after  two  and  a 
half  years  of  vagrancy. 

Mr.  Dunbar  has  spared  no  pains  to  make  his 
book  all  that  the  promise  of  its  title-page  leads 
one  to  expect.  His  diligence  is  beyond  praise, 
his  range  of  research  amazing.  Libraries  and 
historical  societies,  antiquaries  and  special 
authorities,  have  been  called  upon,  not  in  vain, 
to  swell  the  riches  and  perfect  the  historical 
accuracy  of  his  stately  volumes.  If  a  reviewer 
were  to  presume,  from  the  lesser  resources  of 
his  own  equipment,  to  offer  any  general  criti- 
cism as  he  closes  with  hearty  commendation 
this  absorbing  story  of  a  great  movement  in 
American  civilization,  it  would  perhaps  take 
the  form  of  a  regret  that  the  greatness  of  the 
theme  is  not  always  matched  by  an  equal 
greatness  of  style  in  the  writer.  A  certain 
unfailing  niceness  in  the  choice  of  words,  a 
true  sense  of  the  literary  possibilities  and  im- 
possibilities of  a  subject  or  a  situation,  a 


256 


THE    DIAL 


[  April  1 


scholarly  avoidance  of  excesses  of  any  sort, 
are  not  among  the  outstanding  merits  of  the 
author's  style  as  displayed  in  this  book.  He 
makes,  too,  the  rather  frequent  mistake  of 
crediting  his  readers  with  too  little  rather  than 
too  much  intelligence.  On  one  page,  for  in- 
stance, he  takes  the  trouble  to  explain  what  a 
railway  "turnout"  is,  and  at  the  foot  of 
another  he  thinks  it  necessary  to  add  a  note  to 
the  effect  that ' '  a  public  house  was  also  called 
an  ordinary.  * '  Probably  it  is  better,  all  things 
considered,  to  overestimate  than  to  underesti- 
mate a  reader's  mental  equipment;  at  any 
rate,  it  is  a  Coleridgian  axiom  that  an  uneluci- 
dated  obscurity  is  a  compliment  to  the  reader 's 
acuteness. 

Four  hundred  illustrations,  colored  and  un- 
colored,  with  two  folding  maps,  add  no  little  to 
the  book's  attractiveness  and  interest.  The 
quality  of  its  typography  and  press-work  is  in 
accord  with  the  other  excellences  of  the  work. 
PERCY  F.  BICKNELU 


THE  ARCH-PRIEST  OF  GERMAN 
IMPERIALISM.* 


One  of  the  "literary"  results  of  the  Euro- 
pean war  has  been  the  resuscitation  of  a  group 
of  writers  of  German  birth  or  affiliations  who 
had  been  largely  forgotten  or  who  were 
formerly  known  only  to  a  small  number  of 
scholars.  Among  these  may  be  mentioned  the 
military  writers,  Clausewitz  and  Bernhardi, 
the  philosopher  Nietzsche,  and  the  historian 
Treitschke.  This  result  has  been  the  work 
chiefly  of  Englishmen  who  believe  they  have 
found  in  the  teachings  of  these  writers  all  the 
abominable  doctrines  of  imperialism,  mili- 
tarism, the  supremacy  of  force,  the  blind 
idolatry  of  the  State,  and  other  ideas  of  the 
kind  which  now  reign  in  Germany. 

Treitschke 's  \vritings  in  particular  have 
been  translated,  edited,  and  republished  in 
numerous  editions,  and  are  now  being  widely 
read  by  the  English  and  American  public. 
Three  of  the  most  recent  of  these  publications 
are  Mr.  Joseph  McCabe's  "Treitschke  and  the 
Great  War,"  Mr.  H.  W.  C.  Davis 's  "The 
Political  Thought  of  Heinrich  von  Treitschke, ' ' 
and  the  collection  of  translated  essays  entitled 
"Germany,  France,  Russia,  and  Islam."  The 
first  mentioned  is  a  commentary  on  Treitschke 's 
political  theories,  and  an  estimate  of  their  in- 
fluence upon  the  thought  and  national  life  of 
the  Germans.  As  such  it  is  a  very  interesting 

*  TREITSCHKE  AND  THE  GREAT  WAR.  By  Joseph  McCabe. 
New  York :  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co. 

THE  POLITICAL  THOUGHT  OF  HEINRICH  VON  TREITSCHKE. 
By  H.  W.  C.  Davis,  M.A.  New  York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

GERMANY,  FRANCE,  RUSSIA,  AND  ISLAM.  By  Heinrich  von 
Treitschke.  Translated,  with  Foreword,  by  George  Haven 
Putnam.  With  portrait.  New  York :  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 


contribution;  but  unfortunately  it  is  marred 
by  evidences  of  strong  prejudice  and  at  times 
of  unfairness. 

The  work  of  Mr.  Davis  is  less  a  commentary 
or  analysis,  and  more  of  a  collection  of  ex- 
tracts from  Treitschke 's  historical  and  po- 
litical writings,  especially  his  Politik,  which 
consists  of  two  volumes  of  lectures  delivered 
at  the  University  of  Berlin.  Happily,  there 
is  here  less  evidence  of  bias  than  in  the  first 
mentioned  work.  For  this  and  other  reasons 
it  is  a  more  trustworthy  and  useful  book  for 
English  and  American  students  of  Treitschke 's 
political  philosophy. 

The  third  book  is  a  collection  of  Treitschke 's 
essays  dealing  with  questions  of  German  for- 
eign politics.  They  are  unaccompanied  by 
any  comment  or  criticism  except  a  brief  prefa- 
tory analysis  by  Mr.  George  Haven  Putnam. 
They  include  papers  on  German  relations 
with  other  powers.  Turkey  and  the  great 
nations,  Germany  and  the  oriental  question, 
what  Germany  demands  of  France,  the  German 
Empire,  and  other  essays.  The  ideas  which 
run  through  them  all  are  characteristic  of 
Treitschke 's  political  thought:  the  doctrine 
of  imperialism,  Germany's  mission  as  a  world 
power,  the  rule  of  force,  etc. 

Treitschke 's  was  a  unique  personality  in 
many  respects.  He  was  a  Saxon  by  birth,  but 
of  Czech  ancestry.  His  father  was  a  general 
in  the  army,  and  the  son  would  doubtless  have 
chosen  a  military  career  had  an  accident  not 
deprived  him  of  his  hearing.  He  studied  and 
taught  in  various  German  universities,  but  in 
1874  he  was  called  to  the  University  of  Berlin, 
where  he  remained  until  his  death  in  1896. 
He  was  distinguished  by  his  historical  scholar- 
ship and  his  eloquence  as  a  lecturer,  and  prob- 
ably no  German  professor  ever  lectured  to 
larger  audiences  or  more  completely  capti- 
vated his  hearers.  He  started  out  as  a  liberal, 
but  after  his  removal  to  Berlin  he  became  an 
ultra-conservative  and  an  ardent  supporter  of 
Bismarck,  an  enemy  to  the  Social  Democrats, 
and  a  glorifier  of  the  Hohenzollern  dynasty. 
He  became  a  member  of  the  Reichstag  in  1871, 
where  he  sat  continuously  until  1888,  when  he 
resigned  —  largely  out  of  disgust  because  of 
the  increasing  influence  of  the  Social  Demo- 
crats. 

His  political  philosophy  may  be  summed  up 
in  the  following  ideas:  The  essence  of  the 
State  is  power,  and  it  is  to  be  found  in  a  well- 
equipped  and  well-drilled  army;  it  is  not  a 
mere  academy  of  arts  or  sciences.  The  State 
belies  its  own  nature  when  it  neglects  the 
army,  therefore  the  organization  of  the  army 
is  one  of  the  first  constitutional  questions  for 
the  consideration  of  the  State;  the  army  is 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


257 


the  foundation  of  political  freedom,  so  that 
we  need  not  waste  pity  on  states  that  have  a 
powerful  and  well-drilled  army.  The  State 
exists  over  and  apart  from  the  individuals 
who  compose  it;  and  it  is  entitled  to  their 
utmost  sacrifices, —  in  short,  they  exist  for  it 
rather  than  the  State  for  them. 

Treitschke  has  been  much  reproached  for 
his  views  regarding  the  binding  force  of 
treaties;  and  the  responsibility  for  the  "scrap 
of  paper"  theory  of  which  we  have  heard  so 
much  lately  is  attributed  to  him.  His  views 
upon  this  point  are  substantially  as  follows: 
The  State  is  subject  to  no  human  superior; 
any  restrictions  upon  its  sovereignty  are  mere 
voluntary  and  self-imposed  limitations;  all 
treaty  obligations  are  subject  to  the  rule  of 
rebus  sic  stantibus,  and  therefore  treaties 
which  have  outlived  their  usefulness  may  be 
denounced  and  replaced  by  new  ones  which 
correspond  to  the  new  conditions.  Every 
State,  therefore,  is  the  final  judge  of  its  obli- 
gations, and  the  duty  of  self-preservation  may 
require  it  to  repudiate  treaties  which  are  in- 
consistent with  its  own  progress  and  existence. 
There  is  no  reputable  writer  on  international 
law  to-day  who  would  contest  the  soundness 
of  this  view;  yet  Treitschke 's  disciples  have 
employed  his  doctrine  of  rebus  sic  stantibus 
in  a  sense  which  he  apparently  did  not  intend 
it  to  be  understood,  and  his  critics  have  like- 
wise attributed  to  him  the  responsibility  for, 
the  view,  now  apparently  held  by  some  Ger- 
mans, that  treaties  may  be  denounced  and 
rejected  upon  mere  grounds  of  inconvenience. 

The  deification  of  war  runs  through  the 
whole  of  Treitschke 's  historical  and  political 
writings.  Again  and  again  he  speaks  of  the 
"moral  majesty,"  the  "moral  grandeur,"  and 
the  "moral  sublimity"  of  war.  In  his  Politik 
he  says:  "War  is  political  science  par  ex- 
cellence. Over  .and  over  again  has  it  been 
proved  that  it  is  only  in  war  that  a  people 
becomes  indeed  a  people.  It  is  only  in  the 
common  performance  of  heroic  deeds  for  the 
sake  of  the  Fatherland  that  a  nation  becomes 
truly  and  spiritually  united."  "The  second 
important  function  of  the  State,"  we  are  told, 
"is  warfare.  That  men  have  so  long  refused 
to  recognize  this  fact  proves  how  emasculated 
political  science  has  become  in  the  hands  of 
civilians."  "If  it  had  not  been  for  war,  there 
would  be  no  States.  It  is  to  war  that  all  the 
States  we  know  of  owe  their  existence.  The 
protection  of  its  citizens  by  strength  of  arms 
is  the  first  and  foremost  duty  of  the  State. 
Therefore  wars  must  continue  to  the  end  of 
history  as  long  as  there  is  a  plurality  of 
States.  Neither  logic  nor  human  nature  re- 
veal any  probability  that  it  could  ever  be 


otherwise.  The  blind  votaries  of  perpetual 
peace  fall  into  error  of  either  mentally  iso- 
lating the  individual  State,  or  else  of  imag- 
ining a  World-State,  which  we  have  already 
shown  to  be  an  absurdity." 

Again  he  says :  ' '  Any  one  with  a  knowledge 
of  history  realises  that  to  expel  war  from  the 
universe  would  be  to  mutilate  human  nature. 
There  can  be  no  freedom  unless  there  can  be  a 
warlike  force,  prepared  to  sacrifice  itself  for 
freedom.  We  must  repeat  that  scholars,  in  con- 
sidering this  question,  are  apt  to  argue  from 
the  quiet  assumption  that  the  State  is  merely 
intended  to  be  an  Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts 
and  Sciences.  That  is  one  of  its  functions, 
but  not  the  most  important.  If  a  State 
neglects  its  physical  in  favor  of  its  intellectual 
energies,  it  falls  into  decay. ' ' 

Time  and  again  he  dwells  upon  the  glories 
of  war,  the  duty  of  men  to  sacrifice  not  only 
their  lives  but  the  "natural  and  deep-rooted 
feelings  of  the  human  soul  for  a  great  patri- 
otic idea,"  the  impossibility  of  liberty  without 
war,  and  the  self -stultification  of  those  who 
think  that  warfare  can  be  eliminated  from  the 
world.  War  is  the  only  remedy  for  sick  na- 
tions ;  without  war  all  progress  will  disappear 
from  history;  it  has  always  been  the  ex- 
hausted, spiritless,  enervated  ages  that  have 
played  with  the  dream  of  universal  peace. 

Treitschke  had  no  admiration  for  England 
or  the  English.  On  the  contrary,  his  feeling 
toward  them  was  largely  one  of  contempt. 
More  than  any  one  else,  he  is  held  responsible 
by  the  English  for  the  anti-English  sentiment 
which  blazed  out  during  the  Boer  War,  and 
which  has  since  reigned  in  German  society 
and  in  the  press.  For  this  reason  English 
historians  and  editors  of  his  writings  have  not 
always  interpreted  his  political  theories  fairly 
or  correctly. 

Finally,  it  may  be  seriously  doubted  whether 
Treitschke 's  teachings  have  ever  exerted  any- 
thing like  the  influence  on  the  thought  and  life 
of  the  German  people  that  the  English  now 
attribute  to  them.  He  was  primarily  a  uni- 
versity professor;  and  while  he  lectured  to 
large  audiences  of  students,  the  number  of 
persons  who  were  directly  affected  by  his  doc- 
trines was  probably  comparatively  small.  At 
the  time,  his  views,  now  so  much  detested  by 
Englishmen,  attracted  little  attention;  and 
had  it  not  been  for  the  present  war  they  would 
have  remained  unknown  to  the  great  mass  of 
mankind.  JAMES  W.  GARNER. 

Mr.  Ludwig  Lewisohn  has  made  a  critical  resume 
of  the  dramatic  literature  of  the  last  three  decades 
which  will  be  published  by  Mr.  B.  W.  Huebsch 
under  the  title  of  "  The  Modern  Drama :  An  Essay 
in  Interpretation." 


258 


[April  1 


BROWNING'S  WOMEN.* 


The  stream  of  Browning  books  continues. 
If  they  were  all  of  one  type,  that  of  uncritical 
praise  and  adulation,  we  might  heartily  wish 
the  habit  would  die  out;  but  fortunately  we 
have  now  and  then  a  book  or  essay  from  one 
who  is  not  altogether  a  Browningite,  and  who 
endeavors  to  see  Browning's  work  not  through 
colored  or  distorting  glasses  but  as  it  really  is. 
Of  such  a  character  is  Miss  Mayne's  volume 
on  "Browning's  Heroines,"  and  we  welcome 
it  as  on  the  whole  a  contribution  of  importance 
to  the  discussion  of  Browning's  artistry. 

We  must  first  say  one  or  two  things  about 
the  style  of  the  book.  It  gives  us  constantly 
the  impression  of  effort  to  be  vivacious;  this 
it  generally  is,  but,  with  its  superabundance 
of  short  sentences,  its  rows  of  periods  indi- 
cating omissions,  its  questions,  it  is  also  jerky 
and  suggestive  of  a  lack  of  poise.  It  is  far 
from  the  simple,  effective  style  which  would 
carry  far  greater  weight,  and  over  which  men 
have  no  monopoly.  One  specimen  will  suffice. 
The  author  is  describing  Pippa's  reflections  at 
the  close  of  her  one  day : 

"But  gradually  the  atmosphere  of  her  mind 
seems  restored;  the  fogs  of  envy  and  curiosity 
begin  to  clear  off  —  she  goes  over  the  game  of 
make-believe,  how  she  was  in  turn  each  of  the 
Pour  .  .  .  but  no!  the  miasma  is  still  in  the  air, 
and  she's  '  tired  of  fooling/  and  New  Year's  Day 
is  over,  and  ill  or  well,  she  must  be  content.  .  .  . 
Even  her  lily's  asleep,  but  she  will  wake  it  up,  and 
show  it  the  friend  she  has  plucked  for  it—  the 
flower  she  gathered  as  she  passed  the  house  on  the 
hill.  .  .  .  Alas!  even  the  flower  seems  infected. 
She  compares  it,  '  this  pampered  thing,'  this  double 
heartsease  of  the  garden,  with  the  wild  growth, 
and  once  more  Zanze  comes  to  mind  —  isn't  she 
like  the  pampered  blossom1?  And  if  there  were  a 
king  of  the  flowers,  '  and  a  girl-show  held  in  his 
bowers,'  which  would  he  like  best,  the  Zanze  or  the 
Pippa?  .  .  .  [all  these  periods  are  in  the  text]. 
No;  nothing  will  conquer  her  dejection;  fancies 
will  not  do,  awakening  sleepy  lilies  will  not  do," 
etc.,  etc. 

This  is  of  course  indirect  discourse ;  but  does 
it  quite  fit? 

While  the  book  is  interesting,  it  cannot  be 
said  that  all  parts  are  of  equal  value.  In  the 
case  of  some  heroines  no  new  point  of  view  is 
presented;  the  character  is  merely  described 
as  we  are  already  familiar  with  her.  This  is 
true,  for  example,  of  much  of  what  is  said 
about  Pompilia,  about  the  Countess  Gismond, 
even  about  Pippa.  Was  it  worth  while  to  go 
over  the  story  of  each  of  the  poems  at  such 
length?  Except  for  a  certain  class  of  imma- 
ture or  indolent  readers,  we  doubt  it.  Too 

*  BROWNING'S  HEROINES.  By  Ethel  Colburn  Mayne.  With 
frontispiece  and  decorations  by  Maxwell  Armfield.  New 
York:  James  Pott  &  Co. 


much  of  the  book  is  taken  up  with  the  retelling 
of  the  stories,  with  copious  though  well  chosen 
quotations. 

But  other  parts  of  the  book  are  important. 
For  example,  we  may  take  the  treatment  of 
Mildred  Tresham.  Miss  Mayne  thinks  Brown- 
ing did  not  understand  her,  and  therefore  did 
not  succeed  in  his  portrayal  of  her ;  and  Miss 
Mayne  is  right. 

"  What  a  girl  he  might  have  given  us  in  Mildred, 
had  he  listened  only  to  himself!  But,  not  yet  in 
full  possession  of  that  self,  he  set  up  as  an  ideal 
the  ideal  of  others,  trying  dutifully  to  see  it  as 
they  see  it,  denying  dutifully  his  deepest  instinct; 
and,  thus  apostate,  piled  insincerity  on  insincerity, 
until  at  last  no  truth  is  anywhere,  and  we  read  on 
with  growing  alienation  as  each  figure  loses  all  of 
such  reality  as  it  ever  had,  and  even  Gwendolen, 
the  '  golden  creature '  —  his  own  dauntless,  indi- 
vidual woman,  seeing  and  feeling  truly  through 
every  fibre  of  her  being  —  is  lost  amid  the  fog." 

Likewise  she  is  right  in  what  she  says  of 
Pompilia : 

"  Pompilia  is  a  living  soul,  not  a  puppet  of  the 
theatre.  Yet  even  here  the  same  strange  errors 
recur.  She  has  words  indeed  that  reach  the  inmost 
heart  —  poignant,  overpowering  in  tenderness  and 
pathos;  but  she  has,  also,  words  that  cause  the 
brows  to  draw  together,  the  mind  to  pause  un- 
easily, then  to  cry  l  Not  so ! '  Of  such  is  the  analysis 
of  her  own  blank  ignorance  with  regard  to  the 
marriage-state." 

Was  the  Lady  of  the  Glove  wrong?  Miss 
Mayne  thinks  so. 

"  And  so  the  Lady  thought  right  and  did  wrong : 
'twas  not  love  set  that  task  to  humanity.  Even 
Browning  cannot  win  her  our  full  pardon." 

Miss  Mayne  will  not  allow  that  the  age  was 
different  from  ours : 

"  Women's  hearts  were  the  same ;  and  a  woman's 
heart,  when  it  loves  truly,  will  make  no  test  for 
very  pride-in-love's  dear  sake.  It  scorns  tests  — 
too  much  scorns  them,  it  may  be." 

But  has  she  not  already  conceded  that  the  age 
was  different  when  she  says  above  that  for 
these  great  gifts  — 

"the  endless  descriptions  of  death 
He  would  brave  when  my  lip  formed  a  breath, — 

the  lady  "must  give  in  return  her  love,  as 
love  was  understood  at  the  court  of  King 
Francis"?  Is  it  not  true  that  love  in  its  rela- 
tion to  marriage  was  differently  conceived  in 
those  days,  and  that  we  are  not  to  judge  of 
that  age  by  standards  which  apply  only  (so 
far  as  we  know}  to  our  own  ?  In  fact,  is  it  not 
paradoxical  to  say  that  she  thought  right  and 
did  wrong?  If  her  act  was  the  logical  result 
of  right  thinking,  how  can  it  be  maintained  to 
have  been  a  wrong  act  ? 

One  remark  which  the  author  makes  about 
Phene  is,  it  seems  to  us.  merely  fanciful: 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


259 


"  In  this  Passing  of  Pippa,  silence  and  song 
have  met  and  mingled  into  one  another,  for  Phene 
is  silence,  as  Pippa  is  song.  Phene  will  speak 
more  when  Jules  and  she  are  in  their  isle  together 
—  but  never  will  she  speak  much :  she  is  silence." 

How  do  we  know  all  this  about  Phene?  "We 
never  see  her  normal  self  in  the  poem. 

And  when  the  author  repeats,  apparently 
with  approval,  Mr.  Chesterton's  comment, 
that  having  made  Pippa  Monsignor 's  niece, 
"Browning  might  just  as  well  have  made 
Sebald  her  long-lost  brother,  and  Luigi  a  hus- 
band to  whom  she  was  secretly  married,"  we 
must  protest.  Surely  Browning  had  the  same 
right  to  represent  Monsignor  as  Pippa 's  uncle 
that  he  had  to  cause  the  Happiest  Four  in 
Asolo  to  hear  Pippa 's  song  at  the  precise  mo- 
ment when  it  would  influence  each  of  them  as 
it  does;  and  who  are  we  that  we  should  dis- 
pute him?  "We  suppose  that  the  point  at- 
tempted in  the  above  quotation  is  that  making 
Monsignor  Pippa 's  uncle  renders  the  situation 
too  melodramatic;  but  even  if  one  were  to 
concede  this,  is  melodrama  necessarily  un- 
truthful? In  that  world  of  poetry  of  which, 
after  all,  Pippa  is  a  denizen,  we  must  take 
things  as  we  find  them. 

In  spite  of  these  adverse  comments,  how- 
ever, it  is  our  opinion  that  the  volume  con- 
tains much  that  is  good.  Miss  Mayne  has  read 
her  Browning  carefully  and  with  open  eyes. 
Of  her  contention  that  Browning  has  been  in- 
jured by  the  blind  worship  of  some  of  his 
followers  there  is  no  doubt.  And  her  book 
will  assuredly  help  to  set  forth  the  great  poet 
in  a  truer  light.  CLARK  S.  NORTHUP. 


How  NAPOLEON  ORGANIZED  VICTORY.* 


The  group  of  books  which  any  publishing 
season  adds  to  the  already  astonishing  mass 
of  Napoleonic  literature  gives  evidence  at  least 
of  the  heterogeneous  interest  which  the  great 
man's  career  still  provokes.  The  particular 
kind  of  interest  seems  occasionally  beneath 
the  level  of  decent  historical  investigation. 
Why  devote  a  volume  to  Count  Leon,  the  vic- 
tim—  in  other  words,  the  offspring  —  of  one 
of  Napoleon 's  most  fugitive  amours  ?  All  that 

*  NAPOLEON  AT  WORK.  By  Colonel  Vachee ;  translated 
from  the  French  by  G.  Frederic  Lees.  With  portrait.  New 
York  :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

NAPOLEON'S  RUSSIAN  CAMPAIGN  OF  1812.  By  Edward 
Foord.  Illustrated.  Boston :  Little,  Brown  &  Co. 

AN  UNKNOWN  SON  OF  NAPOLEON  (Count  Leon).  By  Hector 
Fleischmann.  With  portrait.  New  York:  John  Lane  Co. 

NAPOLEON  AND  His  ADOPTED  SON.  Eugene  de  Beauharnais 
and  His  Relations  with  the  Emperor.  By  Violette  M.  Montagu. 
Illustrated.  New  York :  McBride,  Nast  &  Co. 

THE  STORY-LIFE  OF  NAPOLEON.  By  Wayne  Whipple.  Illus- 
trated. New  York :  The  Century  Co. 

THE  DECLINE  AND  FALL  OF  NAPOLEON.  By  Field-Marshall 
Viscount  Wolseley,  K.P.  Third  edition ;  illustrated.  Phila- 
delphia: J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 

LIFE  OF  NAPOLEON.  By  Major  Arthur  Griffiths.  Illustrated 
in  color,  etc.  Philadelphia :  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 


is  worth  saying  about  this  pitiful  existence 
could  be  put  in  a  single  sketch.  Fortunately, 
few  authors  err  in  such  a  choice  of  subject. 
Fortunately,  also,  in  nearly  every  group  of 
books  two  or  three  are  found  which  distinctly 
advance  the  serious  study  of  Napoleon's 
achievements,  and  do  this  without  committing 
the  blunder  of  being  dull.  The  most  recent 
examples  of  this  latter  type  are  Mr.  Edward 
Foord 's  "Napoleon's  Russian  Campaign  of 
1812"  and  Colonel  Vachee 's  "Napoleon  at 
Work, ' '  published  in  Paris  a  little  over  a  year 
ago  and  now  translated. 

Colonel  Vachee  had  a  definite  pedagogical 
purpose  in  preparing  his  book.  He  desired 
to  set  forth  in  the  person  of  the  greatest  of 
modern  military  leaders  the  characteristics  of 
successful  leadership.  He  had  in  mind  the 
"future  wars"  in  which  France  might  be 
obliged  to  take  a  part, —  wars  which  within 
six  months  ceased  to  be  future,  and  became 
tragically  present.  His  method  is  not  didactic 
but  descriptive.  He  shows  how  Napoleon 
reached  his  decisions,  and  the  exact  manner 
in  which  at  every  stage  of  the  proceedings 
the  execution  of  his  plan  was  secured.  This 
necessitates  a  careful  description  of  the  im- 
perial staff  and  of  the  functions  of  each  prin- 
cipal officer.  Colonel  Vachee  includes  also  two 
chapters  upon  Napoleon's  "Rewards  and 
Penalties,"  which  were  designed  to  secure  the 
fidelity  of  soldiers  as  well  as  officers,  and  were 
suggested  by  a  Machiavellian  shrewdness.  The 
last  two  chapters  of  the  book  deal  with  "Na- 
poleon on  the  Battlefield."  The  material  for 
this  study  is  drawn  from  official  records  and 
correspondence,  and  from  the  recollections  of 
those  brought  into  intimate  contact  with  Na- 
poleon during  his  campaigns.  One  of  the 
most  valuable  witnesses  is  Baron  Fain,  long 
Napoleon's  trusted  private  secretary. 

The  secret  of  Napoleon's  successes  lay  in 
Colonel  Vachee 's  opinion,  not  merely  in  his 
skill  as  a  strategist,  but  chiefly  in  the  energy 
and  rapidity  with  which  he  drove  his  orders 
through  to  fulfilment.  On  a  campaign  he 
was  accustomed  to  go  to  sleep  at  eight  and  to 
get  up  at  twelve.  The  orders  for  the  next  day 
were  drawn  up  and  despatched  between  mid- 
night and  morning.  A  single  illustration  will 
show  how  time,  so  vital  in  moving  large  bodies 
of  troops,  was  saved.  Two  or  three  days  be- 
fore the  battle  of  Jena,  when  his  headquarters 
were  at  Auma,  the  orders  sent  to  all  six  corps 
and  the  cavalry  were  despatched  between  three 
and  four-thirty  in  the  morning.  The  order 
to  Bernadotte,  who  was  then  eighteen  miles 
away,  was  received  in  three  hours  and  fifteen 
minutes.  Bernadotte 's  corps,  of  more  than 
20,000  men,  was  on  the  march  within  an  hour 


260 


THE    DIAL 


[April  1 


and  three-quarters,  and  at  the  close  of  the  day 
had  marched  seventeen  miles. 

Napoleon's  camp  was  always  an  agitated 
scene.  Neither  his  private  secretaries  nor  his 
aids  knew  when  they  would  be  called  upon 
for  service,  day  or  night.  He  would  wake  up 
suddenly  and  ask  for  his  maps  and  his  secre- 
taries. When  the  work  was  done,  his  next 
exclamation  might  be,  "The  carriage!"  or 
"To  horse!"  Horses  were  kept  saddled  and 
bridled,  and  held  by  attendants.  He  had  a 
campaign  carriage,  which  could  be  driven  in  a 
few  hours  over  the  distance  covered  by  the 
army  in  a  day.  On  the  night  before  a  battle 
he  usually  reconnoitered  the  enemy's  position 
personally  in  order  that  his  final  directions  to 
his  generals  might  take  account  of  the  latest 
changes  in  the  situation.  At  Jena  he  was  so 
venturesome  that  upon  his  return  to  his  lines 
he  was  nearly  shot  by  one  of  his  own  outposts. 

Colonel  Vachee  regards  the  organization  of 
Napoleon's  staff  as  defective.  Indeed,  it  was 
so  complex  that  even  the  lucid  account  of  it  in 
this  volume  leaves  the  mind  of  the  reader 
sadly  confused.  The  machinery  for  recording 
and  transmitting  orders  seems  to  have  been 
efficient,  principally  because  it  operated  im- 
mediately under  the  eyes  of  the  master  and 
of  Berthier,  his  chief  of  staff.  Napoleon  was 
not  accustomed  to  explain  to  his  corps  com- 
manders, even  when  a  great  battle  was  immi- 
nent, what  his  plan  was.  He  did  this  to 
certain  favorite  generals,  while  to  the  others 
he  gave  specific  orders,  leaving  them  quite  in 
the  dark  upon  the  general  scheme.  Sometimes 
the  consequences  of  such  a  method  were  un- 
fortunate. This  is  the  explanation,  for  ex- 
ample, of  Bernadotte  's  inaction  on  October  14, 
1806,  taking  part  neither  in  the  battle  of  Jena 
nor  going  to  the  assistance  of  Davout  in  his 
struggle  with  the  Prussians  at  Auerstadt.  The 
most  fatal  consequences  came  when  Napoleon 's 
own  energy  was  diminished,  and  when  this 
lack  was  not  made  up  by  the  initiative  of  his 
subordinates. 

Two  or  three  of  the  minor  personages  of 
Napoleon's  staff  are  well  described  by  Colonel 
Vachee.  One  was  D'Albe,  the  topographical 
secretary,  who  had  served  Napoleon  for  seven- 
teen years.  He  would  stick  colored  pins  into 
the  maps  of  the  region  to  represent  the  exact 
position  of  the  different  corps,  as  this  was 
indicated  in  the  latest  reports.  The  same 
would  be  done  for  the  position  of  the  enemy's 
army,  so  far  as  it  was  known.  In  the  night 
time  the  map  was  surrounded  by  twenty 
candles.  If  a  despatch  came,  the  conclusions 
from  it  were  entered  on  the  map;  and  Na- 
poleon, compass  in  hand,  would  bend  over  it 
measuring  the  distances.  Sometimes  the  map 


was  so  large  that  both  Napoleon  and  D'Albe 
would  lie  flat  upon  it,  discussing  the  situations 
and  distances.  Occasionally  in  their  excite- 
ment their  heads  came  together  violently. 
D ' Albe  's  knowledge  was  so  indispensable  that 
Napoleon  treated  him  more  confidentially  than 
any  other  officer  in  the  army.  He,  if  any  one, 
knew  what  steps  the  master's  mind  was  fol- 
lowing in  arriving  at  a  plan  of  the  decisive 
manoeuvre. 

Another  confidential  officer,  D'Ideville,  was 
both  interpreter  and  statistician  of  foreign 
armies.  Napoleon  in  military  affairs  as  in 
civil  administration  was  systematic  in  obtain- 
ing and  recording  useful  information.  The 
strength  of  foreign  armies  naturally  interested 
him.  His  officers  and  even  ambassadors  and 
other  diplomatic  agents  had  orders  to  send  to 
Paris  every  scrap  of  information  about  the 
strength,  position,  and  movements  of  foreign, 
armies.  All  this  was  carefully  sifted  and  sum- 
marized, so  that  Napoleon  often  knew  as 
much  about  foreign  armies  as  about  his  own. 
On  a  campaign  D'Ideville  was  always  with 
him,  and  if  a  prisoner  was  brought  in  D'Ide- 
ville questioned  him  in  his  own  language,  and 
the  information  was  classified  with  the  rest. 
Napoleon  occasionally  amused  himself  in 
times  of  peace  by  telling  ambassadors  about 
movements  of  their  armies  of  which  they  had 
not  been  advised  and  requesting  an  explana- 
tion. 

It  is  satisfactory  to  note  that  although 
Colonel  Vachee  sees  much  to  admire  in  Na- 
poleon as  a  military  leader,  he  is  not  blind  to 
Napoleon's  defects  as  a  man  and  a  statesman. 
Indeed,  the  selfishness  of  the  Emperor,  his 
egoism  (to  use  the  favorite  word  of  French 
writers) ,  receives  quite  sufficient  emphasis.  It 
is  a  question  whether  the  author  does  not 
overstep  the  limits  of  his  task  in  stating  how 
the  baser  imperial  appetites  were  provided  for 
through  the  solicitude  of  such  distinguished 
panders  as  Talleyrand,  Berthier,  Murat,  and 
Duroc. 

Mr.  Foord  's  volume  shows  how  Napoleon  in 
1812  instead  of  organizing  victory  sent  his 
greatest  army  to  final  defeat  and  ruin,  mainly 
through  failure  to  estimate  adequately  the 
climatic  and  geographical  conditions  of  a  cam- 
paign in  Russia.  His  transport  system  broke 
down  before  the  army  reached  Vilna,  fifty 
miles  from  the  frontier.  For  one  thing,  the 
wagons  proved  to  be  too  heavy  for  the  Polish 
roads,  which  were  turned  into  a  quagmire  by 
five  or  six  days  of  rain.  In  several  of  Na- 
poleon's decisions  during  the  campaign  the 
author  sees  not  merely  natural  miscalculation 
but  a  decline  of  that  mental  alertness  and 
power  of  imagination  which  had  accounted  for 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


201 


so  many  victorious  campaigns.  One  of  the 
most  striking  instances  is  the  order  given  at 
Orsha  on  the  retreat  to  destroy  the  reserve 
bridge  train  of  sixty  pontoons.  Mr.  Foord 
says  that  Baron  Eble,  chief  of  the  bridge 
trains,  "alive  to  the  danger,  pressed  to  be 
allowed  to  keep  fifteen  pontoons,  but  in  vain, 
and  he  could  save  only  2  field  forges,  2  wag- 
gons of  charcoal  and  6  of  implements."  And 
this  happened  when  the  passage  of  the  Bere- 
zina was  imminent.  The  special  qualities  of 
Mr.  Foord 's  treatment  are  his  careful  atten- 
tion to  details  of  food,  clothing,  discipline, 
and  morale  at  various  stages  of  the  campaign. 
He  writes  with  full  appreciation  of  Welling- 
ton's dictum  that  an  army  "moves  on  its 
belly,"  and  if  that  is  empty  the  fate  of  the 
army  is  sealed.  The  crowning  disasters  of  the 
retreat  he  attributes  to  the  lack  of  discipline, 
due  in  part  to  a  month  of  pillage  in  Moscow 
and  to  the  large  number  of  non-combatants, 
including  many  women,  by  whom  the  army 
was  accompanied.  Equally  illuminating  is 
the  author's  handling  of  the  military  prob- 
lems,—  the  question  of  Bagration's  escape 
from  King  Jerome,  the  fiasco  of  the  Drissa 
camp,  the  refusal  of  Napoleon  to  put  in  the 
Imperial  Guard  at  Borodino,  and  others. 

The  handsome  volume  which  is  devoted  to 
the  vicissitudes  of  "An  Unknown  Son  of  Na- 
poleon (Count  Leon)  "  comes  very  close  in  its 
early  chapters  to  the  bounds  of  pornographic 
literature.  After  it  leaves  the  story  of  the 
father  and  mother  and  takes  up  that  of  the 
son,  it  deals  with  melodrama, —  often  that 
which  is  on  the  edge  of  the  gutter.  Every 
folly  of  the  son  is,  however,  another  blot  on 
the  memory  of  such  a  father.  One  must  pro- 
test, furthermore,  against  the  wrong  of 
dragging  out  into  the  light  of  notoriety  the 
descendants  of  the  mother  or  those  of  the 
child.  This  is  cruelty  which  can  hide  behind 
no  shred  of  reason. 

A  much  pleasanter  book  is  Montagu's  "Na- 
poleon and  His  Adopted  Son."  No  figure  in 
the  Napoleonic  gallery  is  more  attractive  than 
that  of  Eugene,  Viceroy  of  Italy.  As  ruler  of 
Napoleon's  Italian  kingdom  he  deserves  a 
place  among  the  makers  of  modern  Italy.  He 
was  not  a  great  statesman,  and  he  was  too 
subservient  to  his  step-father's  will;  and  yet 
during  his  reign  Italy  took  certain  steps  in 
administrative  and  military  reorganization 
which  were  not  wholly  retraced  when  the 
Grand  Empire  fell.  This  work  deals  almost 
exclusively  with  Eugene's  personal  and  mili- 
tary career.  One  will  consult  it  in  vain  for 
any  adequate  account  of  the  Napoleonic  re- 
gime in  the  Italian  kingdom.  The  book  is 
not  free  from  inadvertencies,  as,  for  example, 


when  Eugene  at  Marengo  is  said  to  have 
helped  by  "his  repeated  charges  to  drive  the 
Italian  troops  back  into  Milan." 

"The  Story-Life  of  Napoleon,"  by  Mr. 
Wayne  Whipple,  is  a  selection  of  anecdotes 
in  regard  to  each  succeeding  incident  or  phase 
of  Napoleon's  career,  so  arranged  as  to  form 
a  biography.  There  is  evidently  room  for  such 
a  book,  and  the  only  question  concerns  the 
method  by  which  it  is  constructed.  If  the 
reader  should  inquire  what  reason  he  has  to 
suppose  any  particular  story  to  be  true,  the 
editor  offers  him  no  assistance,  for  the  stories 
are  quoted  indiscriminately  from  memoirs  and 
secondary  works  of  all  sorts,  some  of  which 
have  no  other  merit  than  a  readable  style. 
The  collection  would  have  been  far  more  help- 
ful if  the  editor  had  traced  the  stories  back 
to  the  original  sources.  They  could  still  have 
been  given  in  the  most  attractive  English  form 
available.  A  story  may  be  worth  telling,  al- 
though apocryphal, —  as,  for  example,  the 
story  of  Napoleon's  smashing  the  porcelain 
vase  during  his  negotiations  with  Cobenzl 
prior  to  the  Peace  of  Campo  Formio.  This  is 
still  told  as  historical  by  so  distinguished  a 
historian  as  Fournier.  The  author  quotes 
from  Madame  Junot's  Memoirs  the  tale  that 
at  his  coronation  Napoleon  seized  the  crown 
to  prevent  the  pope  from  placing  it  on  his 
head.  This  tale  is  disposed  of  by  Frederick 
Masson  in  his  recent  work  on  the  Coronation. 
The  legend  of  the  drowning  of  the  Russians 
at  Austerlitz  is  quoted  from  Emerson 's  ' '  Rep- 
resentative Men ' ' ! 

In  this  group  of  books  are  two  biographies 
of  Napoleon,  one  a  new  edition  of  Viscount 
Wolseley's  "Decline  and  Fall  of  Napoleon," 
published  first  in  1895,  the  other  a  "Life  of 
Napoleon"  by  Major  Arthur  Griffiths.  Wolse- 
ley's narrative  opens  with  the  campaign  of 
1812,  and  is  professedly  a  piece  of  military 
historical  writing,  especially  interesting  be- 
cause of  its  author's  competence  upon  the 
questions  involved.  The  biography  by  Major 
Griffiths  deals  with  Napoleon's  whole  career. 
It  is  written  in  a  vigorous  style,  interspersed 
with  wholesome  English  denunciations  of  Na- 
poleon's conduct.  It  makes  no  compromise 
with  the  "New  History,"  giving  hardly  more 
than  allusions  to  the  great  constructive 
achievements  of  the  Consulate  and  the  Em- 
pire. The  narrative  is  mainly  concerned  with 
political  intrigue,  diplomacy,  and  wars.  It  is 
brief,  running  only  to  the  length  of  eighty 
thousand  words.  There  are  certain  errors  of 
statement  which  should  be  corrected.  Young 
Napoleon  Bonaparte  did  not  "beat  the  streets 
of  Paris"  from  May  until  October,  1792, 
hoping  for  reinstatement  in  the  army.  He 


262 


THE   DIAL 


[April  1 


was  reinstated  with  the  rank  of  Captain  on 
July  10,  and  his  promotion  was  dated  back  to 
the  preceding  February.  On  his  return  from 
Egypt,  Napoleon  could  not  have  "tried  the 
Jacobin  Club, ' '  because  this  had  been  closed  by 
Fouche.  Furthermore  it  is  not  true  that  the 
financial  successes  of  the  early  Consulate  were 
due  mainly  to  exactions  similar  to  those  which 
characterized  Napoleon's  first  Italian  cam- 
paign. After  all,  these  are  minor  blemishes; 
the  chief  question  is  the  distribution  of  in- 
terest. The  significance  of  Napoleon's  career 
for  France  and  for  Europe  is  missed. 

H.  E.  BOURNE. 


A  HALF-FORGOTTEN  AMERICAN 
PRESIDENT.* 


One  would  have  expected  an  authorized 
biography  of  Rutherford  B.  Hayes  long  ago, 
as  it  is  now  twenty-two  years  since  his  death. 
His  friend  William  Henry  Smith  had  in  fact 
begun  such  a  work,  but  it  was  interrupted  by 
the  hand  of  death,  in  1896.  Mr.  Smith's  plan 
was  an  extended  history  of  the  time,  woven 
about  the  life  of  Hayes.  A  part  of  his  ma- 
terial was  published  some  years  after  his 
death  in  the  form  of  two  large  volumes  on 
"  The  Political  History  of  Slavery."  On  his 
death  bed  he  had  requested  his  son-in-law, 
Mr.  Charles  Richard  Williams,  to  finish  the 
task.  Mr.  Williams  did  not  immediately  find 
the  time  to  fulfil  this  commission,  but  brought 
out  the  volumes  on  Slavery  as  a  separate  work, 
leaving  the  biography  to  be  taken  up  by  itself 
when  opportunity  should  offer.  Finding  it 
possible  to  withdraw  from  other  labor  a  few 
years  ago,  he  set  himself  seriously  at  work 
upon  the  biography,  which  we  now  have  be- 
fore us. 

It  is  safe  to  say  that  this  change  from  Mr. 
Smith's  original  plan  means  a  much  wider 
reading  for  the  biography.  Indeed,  the  com- 
pression of  the  subject  into  a  single  volume 
would  have  had  a  decided  advantage  in  this 
respect,  but  anyone  who  is  aware  of  the  em- 
barras  des  richesses  which  the  author  had  at 
his  disposal  in  the  old  Hayes  mansion  in  Fre- 
mont will  wonder  only  that  he  could  have  had 
the  heart  to  practice  a  rigorous  enough  ex- 
clusion to  keep  within  the  limits  of  the  two 
volumes  here  presented.  Perhaps  the  Hayes 
Diary,  drawn  upon  constantly  for  this  work, 
may  some  day  be  published  in  its  entirety. 
The  Western  Reserve  Historical  Society  might 
find  a  useful  field  of  endeavor  here. 

During  an  inroad  of  the  Danes  into  the 

*  THE  LIFE  OF  RUTHERFORD  BIRCHARD  HATES,  Nineteenth 
President  of  the  United  States.  By  Charles  Richard  Williams. 
In  two  volumes.  With  portraits  and  other  illustrations. 
Boston :  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 


Frith  of  Tay,  according  to  Holinshed,  the 
Scots  were  hard  beset  and  about  to  give  way. 
Suddenly  there  appeared  upon  the  scene  a 
farmer  named  Haie,  with  his  two  sons.  They 
had  observed  the  plight  of  their  countrymen 
from  the  field  where  they  were  at  work,  and 
grasping  plough-beams  in  their  hands  they 
rushed  upon  the  foe  with  such  lusty  vigor  as 
to  turn  defeat  into  victory.  "And  the  King 
gave  them  armes,  three  scutcheons  gules  in  a 
field  of  silver,  a  plowbeame  added  thereunto 
which  he  used  instead  of  a  battell  axe,  when 
he  fought  so  valiantlie  in  defense  of  his  owne 
countrie. "  Of  this  family  President  Hayes 
is  said  to  have  been  a  descendant.  We  know 
of  no  reason  to  doubt  the  connection,  but  it 
would  have  been  of  interest  to  the  general 
reader  to  have  had  the  evidence  of  it  more 
fully  stated. 

A  third  of  a  century  has  passed  since  the 
administration  of  President  Hayes  closed,  des- 
tined to  have  its  sharper  features  suddenly 
blurred  in  the  public  eye  and  dulled  in  the 
public  consciousness  by  the  shot  of  the  assassin 
of  his  successor.  That  time  has  justified  those 
features  of  his  policy  which  brought  the  im- 
mediate wrath  of  a  large  section  of  his  own 
party  heavily  upon  his  head  is  now  the  opinion 
of  most  students  of  the  period  whose  views 
are  worth  considering.  Few  Americans  would 
now  tolerate  the  thought  of  bolstering  up  by 
federal  bayonets  a  state  government  wholly 
unable  to  command  the  support  or  respect  of 
any  considerable  portion  of  the  educated  and 
responsible  citizenship  of  the  state,  as  had 
been  done  in  parts  of  the  South  for  some  years 
before  Hayes  entered  upon  his  high  office. 
The  difficulty  grew  not  out  of  the  extension 
of  the  suffrage  to  the  enfranchised  negroes  in 
itself,  but  out  of  the  fact  that  the  Republican 
Party  of  the  time  had  not  risen  high  enough 
to  refrain  from  the  temptation  to  organize  this 
immense  new  body  of  ignorant  and  inexperi- 
enced voters  into  a  solid  partisan  tool  to  be 
used  by  party  manipulators  against  the 
southern  whites.  Hayes  keenly  realized  the 
abhorrent  conditions  to  which  this  unwisdom 
had  led,  and  had  the  courage  to  withdraw  the 
federal  troops,  which  were  the  sole  support  of 
a  number  of  wholly  corrupt  and  inefficient 
Republican  state  "governments,"  in  spite  of 
the  fact  that  this  action  was  sure  to  be  con- 
strued by  many  as  impeaching  his  own  title 
to  the  Presidency.  For  the  same  returning 
boards  upon  whose  action  his  own  title  rested 
had  declared  these  Republican  state  officers 
duly  elected. 

In  the  opinion  of  the  reviewer,  the  author's 
very  extended  account  of  the  contested  elec- 
tion is  the  least  profitable  part  of  his  work. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


263 


Much  more  readily  than  could  have  been  ex- 
pected, the  country  settled  down  to  the  ac- 
ceptance of  the  verdict  of  the  Electoral 
Commission  as  giving  Hayes  a  legally  unim- 
peachable title  to  the  Presidency.  The  country 
realized  that  a  certain  amount  of  discretion 
had  to  be  lodged  in  this  Commission,  and  at 
no  time  was  there  the  slightest  danger  of  any 
forcible  uprising  against  its  decision.  Of 
course  it  was  only  to  be  expected  that  thou- 
sands would  feel  that  this  discretion  had  not 
been  rightly  used,  and  that  some  would  feel 
that  it  had  been  corruptly  used.  Thirty-eight 
years  have  passed;  those  most  intensely  in- 
terested have  largely  left  the  stage  of  life,  and 
but  little  of  the  deep  feeling  of  1877  lingers. 
What  good  can  there  be  in  laboriously  trying 
the  whole  question  over  again,  attempting  to 
prove  what  everybody  knows, —  that  there  was 
Democratic  intimidation  of  colored  voters  in 
the  South;  slurring  over  what  is  equally 
known, —  that  there  was  wholesale  Republican 
corruption  in  the  same  quarter;  accusing 
Tilden  of  guilty  knowledge  of  an  attempt  to 
secure  an  electoral  vote  by  bribery,  of  which 
there  is  neither  convincing  proof  nor  inherent 
probability ;  defending  Hayes  against  the  now 
forgotten  charge  of  paying  for  electoral  votes 
by  appointment  of  certain  election  officers  to 
federal  positions,  of  which  there  is  equally 
neither  valid  evidence  nor  inherent  proba- 
bility! All  this  is  only  stirring  up  a  smudge 
which  tends  to  conceal  the  real  greatness  of  a 
really  great  and  good  President,  and  was 
wholly  unnecessary  to  the  completeness  of  the 
work,  except  in  the  briefest  epitome. 

President  Hayes  had  many  lovable  traits  of 
character.  In  the  thick  of  the  Civil  War,  with 
southern  bullets  flying  about  him  and  oc- 
casionally into  him,  he  could  write  home  to 
his  wife  deprecating  untrue  aspersions  against 
the  men  of  the  South.  His  fundamental  sense 
of  right  revolted  against  unnecessary  destruc- 
tion of  property  in  war,  and  the  soldiers  under 
him  applied  the  torch  only  when  he  himself 
was  constrained  by  written  orders  from  su- 
perior authority.  The  later  years  of  his  life 
were  marked  by  untiring  devotion  to  Prison 
Reform  and  other  philanthropic  activities. 
His  beautiful  Fremont  home  was  a  centre  of 
refined  culture  and  high  moral  ideals,  where 
men  and  women  of  the  highest  types  of  Ameri- 
can citizenship  loved  to  gather.  Our  political 
evolutionists  will  perhaps  tell  us  that  he  be- 
longs to  a  type  irrevocably  past;  but  it  re- 
mains true  that  the  politics  of  the  day  would 
lose  nothing  by  a  liberal  infusion  of  some  of 
his  most  prominent  characteristics.  And  all 
this  can  be  said,  and  should  have  been  said  by 
Mr.  Williams,  without  casting  any  slur  upon 


the  ability  and  character  of  his  opponent, 
Samuel  J.  Tilden,  whose  services  to  New  York 
were  those  of  a  great  and  upright  statesman 
and  philanthropist.  W.  H.  JOHNSON. 


RECENT  FICTION.* 


The  anonymity  of  so  remarkable  a  novel  as 
"Home,"  published  about  a  year  ago,  could 
not  long  be  preserved.    It  soon  transpired  that 
the  author  was  Mr.  George  Agnew  Chamber- 
lain, the  occupant  of  a  consular  post  in  South 
America.    This  accounted  for  the  exotic  graft 
upon  the  homely  New  England  stock  which 
made  the  work  of  such  enticing  interest.    Mr. 
Chamberlain's  success  has  encouraged  him  to 
further  production,  in  consequence  whereof  we 
now  have  "Through  Stained  Glass,"  a  novel 
which  fairly  matches  "Home"  in  charm  and 
depth  of  human  revelation.     Here  also,  we 
skip  somewhat  breathlessly  about  the  globe, 
from  Virginia  to  South  America,  thence  to 
London  and  Paris,  and  finally  to  New  England. 
A  Leighton  of  Virginia,  after  fighting  for  the 
Confederacy,  seeks  a  new  home  for  his  family, 
and  finds  it  in  Brazil.    Presently,  a  boy  Leigh- 
ton  of  the  northern  branch  is  consigned  to  his 
care,  and  grows  up  in  happy  childish  compan- 
ionship with  his  cousin  Natalie.     As  he  ap- 
proaches manhood,  his  father,  who  has  been  a 
wanderer  over  the  face  of  the  earth  since  the 
death  of  his  wife  in  childbirth,  seeks  the  boy 
out,  and  carries  him  off  to  Europe  to  make  of 
him  an  artist  and  a  gentleman.    The  boy  is  a 
perfect  illustration  of  the  way  in  which  breed- 
ing will  tell,  for  he  fits  into  the  ways  of  civiliza- 
tion without  an  effort,  and  knows  by  instinct 
how  to  do  and  say  the  right  thing.    For  years 
the  father  and  the  son  live  in  beautiful  and 
devoted  companionship,  the  former  supplying 
the  worldly  wisdom  of  his  sophisticated  intel- 
lect—  illuminating     life     for     the     boy     as 
"through  stained  glass"  —  the  son  repaying 
this  solicitude  with  affection,  and  preserving 
his  own  purity  of  soul  while  realizing  his  artis- 
tic self.    He  needs  no  curb  to  keep  him  from 
going  astray,  except  in  the  one  case  of  his 
infatuation   for  Miss  Folly  Delaires  of  the 
chorus,  and  here  the  father's  persuasive  tact 
scores  a  triumph.    There  is  no  blustering  about 
it,  or  declared  opposition,  but  simply  a  little 
subtle  manceuvering  to  bring  the  boy  to  his 
senses,  and  just  the  touch  of  cynicism  that  is 
needed  to  open  his  eyes.    In  the  end,  there  is 
Natalie,  who  has  found  a  home  in  New  En- 
gland, and  has  never  ceased  to  hope  for  her 

*  THROUGH  STAINED  GLASS.  By  George  Agnew  Chamber- 
lain. New  York :  The  Century  Co. 

THE  SECRET  OF  THE  REEF.  By  Harold  Bindloss.  New  York : 
Frederick  A.  Stokes  Co. 

THE  HAUNTED  HEART.  By  Agnes  and  Egerton  Castle.  New 
York:  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 


264 


THE   DIAL 


[April  1 


cousin-playmate's  return.  The  love  story  is 
very  tenderly  and  delicately  managed;  it 
leaves  far  more  to  the  imagination  than  it  ex- 
presses, which  is  the  way  of  all  true  art.  The 
action  of  this  novel  extends  so  widely  over 
time  and  space  that  it  is  perforce  swift,  and 
its  jerky  movement  hurries  us  on  where  we 
would  gladly  linger,  but  it  tingles  with  vitality 
and  glows  with  beauty  on  well-nigh  every 
page. 

"The  Secret  of  the  Reef,"  the  latest  novel 
by  Mr.  Harold  Bindloss,  is  written  upon  the 
stereotyped  model  with  which  his  readers  are 
familiar.  There  is  an  energetic  and  courage- 
ous hero,  down  on  his  luck,  a  heroine  toward 
whom  he  aspires,  and  a  villain  who  endeavors 
to  thwart  him  in  his  efforts  to  win  love  and 
fortune.  This  villain  is  none  other  than  the 
heroine's  father,  which  provides  material  for 
a  conflict  between  romantic  and  filial  love  on 
the  part  of  a  high-souled  maiden.  There  is 
never  any  doubt  as  to  which  love  will  come  out 
ahead.  The  story  is  concerned  with  the  sal- 
vage of  a  wrecked  treasure  ship,  sunk  on  a  reef 
in  the  Alaskan  far  north.  The  author  has 
abundant  knowledge  of  his  material,  but  there 
is  little  of  either  imagination  or  literary  grace 
in  the  telling  of  his  story. 

Time  was  when  a  novel  by  the  Castles  con- 
noted joyous  adventure  and  the  very  spring- 
tide poetry  of  romance.  But  to  "  The  Haunted 
Heart"  we  can  ascribe  no  such  qualities.  The 
delicate  sentiment  that  we  used  to  find  in  their 
work  has  become  coarse  and  treacly;  the  col- 
oring is  garish,  and  emotion  is  strained  to  the 
breaking  point.  In  the  slang  of  a  bygone  gen- 
eration, this  is  a  novel  for  which  ' '  too  utterly 
utter"  offers  the  only  adequate  description. 
Moreover,  it  makes  a  frank  bid  for  cheap  popu- 
larity by  depicting  the  smart  set  in  London 
society  with  the  pencil  of  the  caricaturist, 
much  as  Mr.  Chambers  describes  the  corre- 
sponding abscess  in  our  American  social 
organism.  The  heart  which  is  here  haunted  is 
that  of  the  Master  of  Stronaven,  whose  wife, 
after  fifteen  years  of  devotion,  discovers  an 
early  lapse  from  virtue  on  the  part  of  her  hus- 
band, and  runs  away  from  him  with  an  Italian 
artist.  After  cooling  his  rage  by  smashing  the 
furniture,  the  deserted  husband  goes  lion- 
shooting  in  Africa,  and  returns  to  England  a 
few  months  later  with  the  fixed  intention  of 
marrying  the  first  attractive  girl  he  meets,  in 
order  to  show  the  errant  divorced  wife  that  he 
does  n  't  care.  The  match  is  soon  found  in  the 
person  of  an  heiress,  the  daughter  of  an  un- 
speakably vulgar  and  snobbish  parvenue  from 
the  Argentine,  and  Ian  weds  her,  while  love  for 
the  vanished  Morna  is  still  gnawing  at  his 
heart.  The  spooks  prove  too  much  for  this 


heart,  which  breaks  down  after  a  few  months 
of  re-wedded  life,  and  the  former  sharer  of  his 
couch  comes  post  haste  from  her  Italian  villa 
just  in  time  to  apprise  him  before  his  death 
that  she  is  sorry  for  her  precipitate  desertion, 
and  that  she  has  been  his  in  spirit  all  the  time. 
His  brother,  the  Catholic  priest,  although 
overmuch  given  to  moralizing,  is  the  most  sym- 
pathetic figure  in  this  hectic  work  of  fiction. 
WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS. 

It  is  a  pleasant  story  that  Mr.  W.  Pett  Ridge 
has  written  in  "The  Happy  Recruit"  (Doran), 
which  tells  of  a  small  German  boy  in  London, 
orphaned  and  left  with  a  baby  sister  while  still  in 
school.  He  grows  to  manhood  and  a  wished-for 
marriage  in  the  progress  of  the  narrative;  and 
his  career,  from  its  humble  beginnings  as  a  waiter 
and  boy-of -all-work  in  a  cheap  hotel  to  the  propri- 
etorship of  a  successful  eating-house,  really  tells 
the  well-to-do  and  prosperous  how  the  other  half 
becomes  so.  That  a  German  should  be  given  so 
affectionate  a  history  by  an  Englishman  is  doubly 
grateful  in  these  days  of  international  hatreds. 
The  book  has  abundant  humor. 

The  biography  of  a  woman  is  set  forth  in  much 
detail  by  Mrs.  Alice  Birkhead  in  "  Destiny's 
Daughter "  (Lane) .  The  heroine  inherits  ability 
and  an  unusual  type  of  good  looks  —  with  nothing 
else.  Sacrificing  a  good  match  for  the  sake  of  a 
younger  sister,  she  is  compelled  to  earn  her  living. 
Failing  as  a  schoolmistress,  she  becomes  private 
secretary  to  a  self-made  manufacturer  with  par- 
liamentary aspirations,  a  widower  with  grown  chil- 
dren. His  proposal  drives  her  to  the  stage,  for 
which  she  had  early  shown  aptitude,  and  the  slow 
path  to  success  is  courageously  climbed.  The  end 
of  the  story  is  a  surprise,  almost  a  shock;  but  the 
foundation  for  it  has  been  well  laid  nevertheless. 

To  be  able  to  write  a  story  with  sound  historic 
foundations  that  reads  far  better  than  any  of  the 
dreadful  trash  which  passes  current  among  many 
boys,  is  an  achievement  to  be  proud  of.  Mr.  Zane 
Grey  has  done  this  in  "  The  Lone  Star  Ranger  " 
(Harper),  which  is  dedicated  to  the  gallant  body 
of  men  whose  bravery  and  usefulness  it  records. 
Half  the  stirring  tale  is  devoted  to  the  manner  in 
which  Buckley  Duane  is  driven  by  inheritance  and 
environment  into  outlawry;  the  other  half  deals 
with  his  rehabilitation  under  the  law  as  a  Texas 
Ranger.  Except  for  a  chapter  or  two  near  the 
denouement,  the  record  is  as  limpid  as  the  story 
itself  is  turbulent,  making  a  glorified  and  respect- 
able "  dime  novel." 

Philadelphia  society,  assuredly  not  at  its  best, 
figures  exclusively  in  Mrs.  Therese  Tyler's  "  The 
Dusty  Road"  (Lippincott).  The  heroine  is  an 
ambitious  girl,  brought  up  in  genteel  poverty  by  a 
mother  whose  life  is  spent  in  maintaining  her 
social  position  in  the  face  of  huge  discouragements. 
The  girl  is  not  socially  ambitious,  but  longs  for 
better  things.  In  the  progress  of  the  story  she  has 
several  lovers.  One  she  treats  with  youthful  in- 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


265 


tolerance.  Another  she  dallies  with  until  the  reader 
almost  loses  sympathy  for  her,  so  much  of  a  brute 
is  he.  At  the  end  she  finds  her  mate,  rather  to 
everybody's  surprise  —  his,  her  own,  and  also  the 
reader's.  The  work  is  styled  realistic,  here  syno- 
nymous with  disagreeable.  It  certainly  upsets  the 
prevalent  idea  that  Philadelphia  is  u  slow." 

Miss  Elsie  Singmaster  has  again  dealt  with  the 
Pennsylvania  Germans  whom  she  knows  and  loves 
so  well,  in  "Katy  Gaumer"  (Houghton),  a  simple 
tale  of  a  young  girl  who  finds  her  heart's  desire 
after  long  wandering.  Under  the  love  story  lies  an 
even  more  absorbing  current,  based  on  the  silence 
of  a  good  man  who  has  been  led  by  one  crime  into 
making  a  blunder;  and  who  allows  an  innocent 
man's  life  to  be  ruined  under  accusation  of  crime. 
The  book  is  truly  an  interpretation  of  a  people 
who  are  a  real  part  of  American  life,  yet  have  kept 
old-country  ways  and  habits  of  thought  through 
generations  of  residence  among  us.  With  the 
knowledge  given  of  them  in  such  books  as  this, 
even  this  strangeness  is  bound  to  disappear. 

The  Philippines  have  produced  an  unusual  novel 
in  Mr.  Walter  Elwood's  "  Guimo  "  (ReiUy  &  Brit- 
ton),  which  deals  with  the  misfortunes  of  a  young 
half-caste,  the  illegitimate  son  of  a  Spanish  priest 
and  a  native  woman,  who  lends  his  name  to  the 
book.  There  is  much  local  color,  laid  on  with  a 
palette  knife  by  the  use  on  every  page  of  native 
terms  and  native  legends  and  superstitions;  but 
the  writer  seems  really  to  have  penetrated  below 
the  surface  of  an  inexorably  alien  people  and  to 
disclose  something  of  their  thoughts  and  aspira- 
tions. Tragedy  runs  through  the  narrative  to  its 
close.  Such  a  book,  could  it  obtain  wide  circula- 
tion, would  have  a  beneficent  effect  upon  the  people 
of  the  United  States,  and  might  interest  them  a 
little  in  their  far  Eastern  possessions. 

The  title  of  Mr.  E.  F.  Benson's  new  novel, 
"  Arundel "  (Doran),  is  the  name  of  the  country 
place  inhabited  by  two  of  his  characters,  a  widowed 
mother  and  a  marriageable  daughter.  Next  door 
lives  an  eligible  young  man,  a  broker  by  occupa- 
tion, but  with  a  sincere  love  for  and  appreciation 
of  music,  poor  performer  though  he  is.  The  story 
opens  in  India,  where  the  greatly  loved  daughter 
of  an  army  officer,  is  about  to  leave  him  and  her 
step -mother,  to  visit  his  sister,  the  lady  of  Arun- 
del. She,  too,  is  a  musician,  and  such  a  performer 
as  the  young  man  wishes  himself  to  be.  When  she 
arrives  her  cousin  and  the  broker  are  already  be- 
trothed,—  one  of  those  calm  engagements  based 
upon  propinquity  rather  than  passion.  Music 
opens  new  vistas,  and  brings  about  a  tense  situa- 
tion which  is  only  to  be  solved  by  the  rather 
awkward  expedient  of  death.  The  narrative  is 
unusually  well  written,  but  others  of  Mr.  Benson's 
stories  have  been  better  contrived. 

"  Mrs.  Martin's  Man "  (Macmillan)  is  the  skil- 
ful work  of  Mr.  St.  John  G.  Ervine,  who  will  be 
remembered  for  several  plays  produced  in  this 
country  by  the  Irish  Players.  His  novel,  like  these 
plays,  has  its  scene  near  and  in  the  Ulster  metrop- 
olis of  Belfast,  and  deals  with  Irish  Protestants. 
Before  the  tale  closes  he  places  his  protagonist, 
Mrs.  Martin,  in  as  difficult  a  position  as  can  well 
be  imagined  either  for  sister,  wife,  or  mother. 


Without  much  schooling,  with  no  help  from  kins- 
folk, relying  little  upon  religion,  she  nevertheless 
wins  her  peace  and  solves  her  intricate  problems 
by  the  exercise  of  common  sense  and  a  pragmatic 
philosophy  which  leave  nothing  to  be  desired.  The 
character  drawing  is  minute  and  striking;  the 
entire  conception  is  dramatic  and  powerful;  and 
the  leading  character  affords  an  example  of  human- 
ness  which  may  well  be  emulated.  Social  problems 
disappear  in  the  face  of  an  individuality  as  well 
balanced  as  Mrs.  Martin's. 

Dartmoor  is  beloved  of  English  novelists,  and 
few  have  touched  it  without  commending  it  to  their 
readers.  Mr.  John  Trevena  is  one  of  the  best 
known  of  these  fiction  writers,  and  his  latest  story 
of  the  hills  and  moors,  "  Sleeping  Waters  "  (Ken- 
nerley),  is  a  work  of  unusual  fascination,  as  re- 
mote from  the  affairs  of  every-day  living  as  poetry 
and  imagination  can  make  it.  A  Roman  priest, 
stricken  in  health,  is  sent  by  a  wealthy  parishioner 
to  the  home  of  his  ancestors,  after  having  been 
regaled  with  local  and  family  superstitions  and 
traditions.  He  drinks  of  the  waters  of  a  spring 
which  brings  forgetfulness,  apparently  when  fully 
convalescent,  in  reality  while  still  in  a  sub-species 
of  delirium.  What  follows  is  melodramatic,  almost 
medisevally  so,  in  the  telling.  A  beautiful  maiden, 
the  spirit  of  the  moors  incarnate,  wins  him  from 
his  priestly  vows,  and  in  his  attempt  to  gain  her 
he  fights  all  sorts  of  queer  persons, —  a  scoundrelly 
lawyer,  a  tool  of  a  physician,  a  crazed  and  drunken 
mother,  an  ignorant  tenantry  steeped  in  its  folly, 
and  the  elements  themselves.  The  close  of  the 
book  makes  all  sound  and  well  again,  though  the 
priest  renounces  his  church  to  gain  a  real  love, 
shadowed  at  the  book's  opening. 

Mr.  Booth  Tarkington  has  written  a  vital  criti- 
cism of  American  life  in  its  bustling  cities,  and  has 
called  it,  aptly  enough,  "  The  Turmoil"  (Harper). 
Where  others  have  attacked  moral,  political,  eco- 
nomic, and  racial  problems,  he  has  taken  aBsthetic 
ground,  and  has  objected  to  our  national  quest  for 
Bigness  and  its  ensuing  consequences  as  being  in 
bad  taste.  He  takes  a  family  of  father,  mother, 
sister,  and  three  brothers,  every  one  of  whom 
has  lived  with  little  knowledge  of  the  amenities, 
either  at  home  or  abroad.  But  they  would 
not  be  American  if  they  had  not  some  aspira- 
tions. The  father  has  made  his  fortune,  built  him 
a  mansion  in  a  somewhat  fashionable  neighbor- 
hood, and  the  family  looks  about  for  social  con- 
nections. Next  their  new  house  live  people  of 
better  position  than  themselves,  but  now  reduced 
to  grinding  poverty;  and  the  only  child  of  the 
house,  a  daughter,  conceives  it  to  be  her  duty  to 
her  parents  to  marry  one  of  the  unmarried  sons 
of  the  rich  neighbors.  The  repellent  sordidness 
of  her  procedure,  baffled  once  by  accidental  death 
and  an  awakening  of  conscience,  is  reconciled  with 
decency  at  the  end  of  the  book.  Mr.  Tarkington 
succeeds  in  making  the  story  not  only  eminently 
readable  and  a  model  of  constructive  ability,  but 
he  keeps  his  readers  in  sympathy  with  all  his  char- 
acters, so  humanly  are  they  depicted  and  devel- 
oped. But  it  is  curious  to  note  how  carefully  the 
moral  element  is  eliminated  in  the  process.  Its 
lesson  is  given  by  indirection. 


266 


THE    DIAL 


[  April  1 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 


That  Mr.   John   Jay    Chapman 
Miscellanies         deserves  to  be  called  a  humanist, 

of  a  humanist.  .  . 

not  in  the  restricted  Petrarchian 
sense  of  the  term,  nor  indeed  in  the  peculiar 
meaning  attached  to  the  word  by  Professor 
Schiller,  but  with  the  larger  connotations  it 
carries  with  it  in  current  speech,  is  abun- 
dantly proved,  if  proof  were  needed,  by  his 
latest  book,  "Memories  and  Milestones"  (Mof- 
fat,  Yard  &  Co.),  which  is  issued  in  the 
conviction  that  the  putting  forth  of  such  col- 
lections of  personal  reminiscence  and  more  or 
less  ripe  reflection  "helps  the  general  atmos- 
phere of  thought  and  enriches  everyone  a 
little."  "With  brief  but  carefully  considered 
and  always  scholarly  talks  on  art  and  ethical 
culture,  on  modern  drama  and  the  negro  ques- 
tion, on  William  James  and  Horace  Howard 
Furness  and  Julia  "Ward  Howe,  he  both  re- 
veals the  range  of  his  own  interests  and  sympa- 
thies and  opens  to  the  reader  many  new  and 
inviting  vistas  of  speculation  and  inquiry. 
Like  William  James,  whose  portrait  serves 
as  frontispiece  to  the  book,  and  whose  person- 
ality inspires  one  of  its  most  readable  chapters, 
Mr.  Chapman  is  perhaps  even  more  suggestive 
than  expressive ;  but  he  seems  not  quite  to  have 
done  justice  to  James's  genius  in  asserting 
of  him  that  "he  had  not  the  gift  of  expression, 
but  rather  the  gift  of  suggestion."  Nearer 
the  truth  would  it  be  to  say  of  that  master  of 
apt  and  original  epithet,  of  brilliantly  illumi- 
nating phrase  or  idiom,  that  he  had  both  the 
gift  of  expression  and,  in  a  still  greater  degree, 
the  gift  of  suggestion.  A  chapter  on  Har- 
vard's distinguished  and  still  active  ex-presi- 
dent uses  throughout  the  obituary  past  tense. 
Was  the  article  "released"  prematurely? 
Certainly  its  very  opening  sentence, ' '  For  half 
a  century  President  Eliot  was  one  of  the  great 
personal  figures  in  American  life,"  with  all 
that  follows,  carries  implications  that  fortu- 
nately are  not  yet  true.  In  his  discussion  of 
"Shaw  and  the  Modern  Drama"  the  author 
shows  himself  fair-minded  and  not  unappre- 
ciative  of  Mr.  Shaw's  undeniable  genius,  but 
a  little  severe  in  his  opinion  that ' '  Shaw  wants 
merely  to  get  heard  of  and  to  make  money ' '  — 
as  if  such  a  purpose  were  not  sure,  in  the  very 
nature  of  things,  to  defeat  its  own  ends. 
Bather,  one  might  venture  to  say,  Mr.  Shaw  is 
immensely  interested  in  his  own  ideas,  in  the 
kaleidoscopic  oddity  of  aspect  that  the  world 
presents  to  him ;  after  that  the  money  and  the 
fame  are  probably  not  unwelcome.  But  Mr. 
Chapman  wins  assent  when  he  continues: 
"You  cannot  say  he  is  a  man  without  heart: 
he  is  the  kindliest  of  men.  But  he  is  a  man 
without  taste  or  reverence.  He  does  not  know 


that  there  are  things  which  cannot  be  made 
funny.  He  is  a  man  in  whose  composition 
something  is  left  out.  You  cannot  blame  him, 
any  more  than  you  can  blame  the  color-blind. 
He  is  beauty-blind,  and  amuses  himself  with 
seeing  what  grotesques  he  can  pick  out  of  the 
carpet  of  life. ' '  The  author  takes  occasion  to 
say  a  good  word,  and  a  needed  word,  for  the 
study  of  the  classics,  more  particularly  of 
Greek,  "as  a  pleasure,"  both  in  school  and 
after  school;  but  he  errs  in  calling  Caesar's 
"Commentaries"  the  "dullest  book  in  Latin." 
That  is  the  schoolboy's  natural  misconception. 
There  are  many  Latin  books,  especially  of 
post-classical  authorship,  that  far  exceed 
Cassar  in  dulness,  if  Caesar  be  dull.  Now  and 
then  a  misspelled  foreign  word,  as  Zeitgheist 
and  the  unpluralized  first  element  in  morceau 
choisis,  disfigures  Mr.  Chapman's  scholarly 
page.  Portraits  of  Dr.  Furness,  Mrs.  Howe, 
and  Charles  Eliot  Norton,  to  the  last-named 
of  whom  he  devotes  one  of  his  best  chapters  of 
mingled  reminiscence  and  characterization 
and  suggestive  observation,  find  appropriate 
place  in  the  volume,  in  addition  to  the  portrait 
of  James  already  mentioned.  The  book  is  the 
best  of  its  sort  that  has  yet  come  from  its 
author's  pen. 


Defects  and  most  recent  of  Mr.  Frederic 

possibilities  of      C.  Howe 's  three  or  four  books 

the  modern  city.      Qn    municipal    affairg    bearg    the 

ambitious  and  alluring  title,  "The  Modern 
City  and  its  Problems"  (Scribner).  In  an 
earlier  volume  of  the  series  Mr.  Howe  has 
developed  with  much  ingenuity  the  thesis  that 
in  the  city  lies  the  hope  of  democratic  institu- 
tions, and  in  another  book  he  has  described 
concretely  the  conduct  of  municipal  activities 
in  Great  Britain  and  Germany.  In  the  pres- 
ent work  he  traverses  ground  considerably 
more  extended.  Almost  every  Division  of  the 
subject,  historical  and  descriptive,  which  re- 
ceives attention  in  the  text-books  is  accorded 
a  chapter,  and  the  more  recently  developed 
problems  of  municipal  administration,  such  as 
city  planning,  housing,  and  recreation,  are 
dealt  with  in  considerable  detail.  Both  Ameri- 
can and  European  cities  come  within  the  scope 
of  the  survey.  Mr.  Howe  is  ready  enough  to 
admit,  as  most  people  are,  that  the  American 
city  "lags  behind  the  work  it  should  properly 
perform, ' '  that  it  is  "  negative  in  its  functions 
rather  than  positive  in  its  services,"  and  that 
"it  has  so  little  concern  for  its  people  that 
they  in  turn  have  little  concern  for  it. ' '  And 
his  views  concerning  the  cause  of  this  state  of 
affairs  and  its  remedy  are  rather  out  of  the 
ordinary.  The  difficulty,  he  believes,  is  not 
to  be  sought  in  the  character  of  the  American 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


267 


people,  or  in  their  supposed  neglectful  atti- 
tude toward  politics  and  their  tolerance  of 
evil.  It  is  only  an  assumption,  he  maintains, 
that  they  have  willingly  abdicated  their  re- 
sponsibilities and  turned  the  city  over  to  the 
professional  politician  as  an  easy  escape  from 
the  burdens  which  its  management  imposes. 
The  conditions  of  neglect,  partisanship,  and 
tolerance  of  evil  which  exist  are  declared  to 
be  traceable  back  to  legal  institutions,  to  con- 
stitutional and  political  limitations  under 
which  the  people  are  compelled  to  work  in 
municipal  affairs.  The  remedy  lies  in  less 
rather  than  more  restraint,  greater  rather 
than  less  municipal  activity.  "These  condi- 
tions can  only  be  corrected  by  a  programme  of 
city  building,  of  city  service,  through  com- 
pulsory co-operation,  or  socialization.  To  this 
co-operation  there  are  no  set  limits.  For  many 
years  to  come  the  city  will  continue  to  increase 
its  activities  and  enlarge  its  services.  This  is 
the  lesson  of  the  past ;  it  is  the  promise  of  the 
future."  Mr.  Howe  writes,  as  he  remarks, 
from  the  inside  of  the  city.  From  the  time 
when,  a  good  many  years  ago,  he  saw  active 
service  in  the  city  council  and  on  the  finance 
commission  of  Cleveland  until  his  recent  ap- 
pointment as  commissioner  of  immigration  at 
New  York,  his  tasks  have  fallen  where  the 
problems  of  the  city  loom  largest.  Whatever 
he  writes  bears  the  stamp  of  experience  and 
of  conviction,  and  is,  in  addition,  eminently 
readable.  Inevitably  one  who  writes  so  frankly 
for  the  casual  reader  falls  into  errors  of  gen- 
eralization. Thus,  Mr.  Howe  is  led  to  make 
the  somewhat  astonishing  remark  that  even 
to-day  civilization  in  the  rural  districts  "does 
not  progress  beyond  its  simplest  forms."  But 
the  fault  is  one  which  can  be  overlooked  by 
any  one  who  cares  for  fresh,  vigorous,  and 
stimulating  writing  on  a  subject  of  vital 
present-day  importance. 


About  one-third  of  the  333 
tSS,  Pages  of  Mr.  Willard  Hunting- 
ton  "Wright's  "What  Nietzsche 
Taught"  (Huebsch)  is  devoted  to  the  life  of 
the  philosopher  and  the  genesis  of  his  works, 
and  the  rest  to  excerpts  from  the  works.  It 
is  a  helpful  book  for  the  beginner  who  ap- 
proaches Nietzsche  with  the  query  that  will 
not  down :  What  did  he  say  ?  It  is  not  a 
criticism,  but  a  presentation ;  and  as  such  it  is 
excellent,  despite  a  few  inaccuracies.  Fr.  W. 
Ritschl  did  not  "found  the  science  of  his- 
torical literary  criticism  as  we  know  it  to- 
day" (page  27),  but  the  Schlegels;  though 
Nietzsche  meant  the  Fall  of  Wagner  by  his 
"Der  Fall  Wagner,"  it  is  altogether  wrong  to 
translate  the  title  in  this  way  (page  38)  ; 


Nietzsche's  friend  was  Malvidavon  Meysenbug 
not  "Mysenburg"  (page  41)  ;  Vauvenargues 
would  not  recognize  himself  as  "Vanergues" 
(page  45)  ;  Nietzsche's  etymologies  of  bonus 
and  bellum  have  not  been  unreservedly  ac- 
cepted (page  207)  ;  and  Mr.  H.  L.  Mencken, 
to  whom  the  volume  is  dedicated,  has  not 
been  "the  critic  who  has  given  the  greatest 
impetus  to  the  study  of  Nietzsche  in  this  coun- 
try,"—  that  was  done  by  the  separate  intro- 
ductions to  the  various  translations  published 
in  this  country  by  Messrs.  Macmillan,  and  by 
the  works  of  Halevy,  Kennedy,  and  Miigge. 
There  are  three  contentions,  on  the  other 
hand,  that  are  irrefutable :  to  know  Nietzsche 
in  part  he  must  be  studied  as  a  whole ;  there 
are  no  important  contradictions  in  his  philoso- 
phy; and  he  has  had,  next  to  Kant,  the 
greatest  influence  on  the  development  of  mod- 
ern thought.  It  is  difficult  to  think  to-day 
apart  from  Nietzsche;  he  expressed  himself 
on  every  subject.  What  he  says  may  not  be 
pleasant ;  it  does  not  lull  to  ease,  but  arouses 
to  action.  On  this  account  a  careful  selection 
of  his  commitments  on  burning  questions  is 
valuable.  We  may  look  in  vain  for  some  of 
our  most  cherished  apothegms,  and  we  may 
find  others  that  strike  us  as  negligible:  but 
on  the  whole,  we  find  enough  to  make  us 
think, —  and  that  is  a  vast  deal.  Just  as  one 
should  begin  the  study  of  Nietzsche's  works 
with  "Human,  All  too  Human,"  so  could  one 
most  advantageously  undertake  the  study  of 
Nietzsche  with  Mr.  Wright's  volume.  Besides 
containing  the  essential  facts  of  the  great 
Yea-Say er's  life,  it  contains  also  the  greatest 
truths  he  expressed  during  his  life.  Each  of 
the  former  may  be  a  blind  alley  that  leads 
nowhere ;  but  each  of  the  latter  has  a  horizon- 
widening  quality  that  is  most  invigorating. 
"The  symbol  of  the  modern  soul,"  Nietzsche 
says,  "is  the  labyrinth."  True,  and  he  has 
thrown  out  a  number  of  life-lines  by  which 
we  may  work  our  way  through  it.  The 
strongest  of  these  are  contained  in  this  book, 
which  has  also  a  bibliography  compiled  with 
common-sense.  

Mr.  Chesterton 's  opinion  of  Ger- 
Mr. Chesterton  many  and  the  German  Emperor 

on  barbarism.  .          •  1-1,1 

is  no  secret  to  the  world  at  large, 
and  the  vehement  expression  of  that  opinion 
as  contained  in  the  little  book  entitled  "The 
Appetite  of  Tyranny"  (Dodd)  will  give  no 
shock  of  surprise  to  anyone  who  has  been  for 
the  past  few  months  even  a  hasty  reader  of 
the  daily  hodge-podge  of  intelligence  and  mis- 
intelligence  printed  by  the  newspaper  press 
concerning  the  great  war.  It  is  his  "Barbar- 
ism of  Berlin"  and  "Letters  to  an  Old  Gari- 
baldian"  that  are  brought  within  the  covers 


268 


THE    DIAL 


[  April  1 


of  the  above-named  book,  which  shows  its  bril- 
liant author  in  highly  characteristic  vein  — 
as,  indeed,  what  writing  from  his  pen  does 
not?  —  and  inevitably  reveals  some  of  the 
faults  inseparable  from  such  astonishing  clev- 
erness of  intellect  and  enviable  facility  of 
expression.  The  excellence  of  the  book  lies 
in  its  forceful  and  original  and  convincing 
demonstration  of  that  quality  of  German  mili- 
tarism (and  in  fact  of  all  militarism,  though 
the  limitation  is  not  removed)  which  Mr. 
Chesterton  chooses  to  call  barbarism,  and 
which  indicates,  not  an  insufficiency  of  twen- 
tieth-century civilization,  such  as,  with  some 
reason,  may  be  urged  in  dispraise  of  the 
Russians,  but  a  ruthless  disregard  of  certain 
fundamental  principles  that  cannot  be  sacri- 
ficed without  plunging  us  all  back  into  chaos 
and  black  night.  The  less  praiseworthy  fea- 
ture of  the  book  is  found  in  its  unsparing 
vehemence  of  invective,  in  its  author's  allow- 
ing himself  to  be  carried  away  by  his  own 
momentum,  as  when  he  writes :  "So  strongly 
do  the  instincts  of  the  Prussian  drive  against 
liberty,  that  he  would  rather  oppress  other 
people's  subjects  than  think  of  anybody  going 
without  the  benefits  of  oppression.  He  is  a 
sort  of  disinterested  despot.  He  is  as  disinter- 
ested as  the  devil  who  is  ready  to  do  any  one's 
dirty  work."  In  further  illustration  of  the 
books  tone,  let  this  be  added:  "Wherever 
the  most  miserable  remnant  of  our  race,  astray 
and  dried  up  in  deserts,  or  buried  forever 
under  the  fall  of  bad  civilizations,  has  some 
feeble  memory  that  men  are  men,  that  bar- 
gains are  bargains,  that  there  are  two  sides  to 
a  question,  or  even  that  it  takes  two  to  make  a 
quarrel  —  that  remnant  has  the  right  to  resist 
the  New  Culture,  to  the  knife  and  club  and 
splintered  stone.  For  the  Prussian  begins  all 
his  culture  by  that  act  which  is  the  destruction 
of  all  creative  thought  and  constructive  action. 
He  breaks  that  mirror  in  the  mind,  in  which  a 
man  can  see  the  face  of  his  friend  or  foe." 
The  two  parts  of  the  book  are  essentially  one  in 
purpose  and  manner,  and  both  are  eminently 
and  brilliantly  Chestertonian. 


Some  new 
memorials  of 
the  Brownings. 


The  announcement  of  a  volume 
of  "New  Poems  by  Robert 
Browning  and  Elizabeth  Bar- 
rett Browning"  (Macmillan)  must  have  been 
hailed  with  joyful  anticipation  by  thousands 
of  Browning  lovers.  Something  of  the  old 
thrill  many  of  us  recall  upon  the  appearance 
of  "Ferishtah's  Fancies,"  "Asolando,"  or 
"Aurora  Leigh"  stirred  again,  together  with 
a  vague  hope  that  by  some  good  fortune 
something  equally  momentous  might  have 
been  unearthed  even  at  this  late  day.  Let  us 


not  be  too  ungrateful,  even  though  this  some- 
what unreasonable  hope  has  not  been  fulfilled ; 
let  us  be  glad  that  we  can  add  twenty-nine 
poems  to  our  "complete  editions"  of  Robert 
Browning  and  six  to  those  of  Mrs.  Browning. 
There  will  be  a  difference  of  opinion  as  to  the 
righteousness  of  these  addenda, —  a  doubt 
whether  it  is  just  to  a  poet  to  rake  his  desk, 
after  he  has  gone,  for  what  he  has  himself 
discarded.  Seldom  indeed  does  his  poetical 
reputation  gain  by  such  a  proceeding;  never- 
theless when  these  discarded  works  are  put 
up  for  sale  at  public  auction,  as  many  of  the 
present  collections  were  two  years  ago,  it 
seems  only  decently  respectful  to  beloved 
memories  to  rescue  them  from  almost  certain 
loss  or  annihilation.  In  the  present  volume 
notes  have  been  added  by  such  competent 
hands  as  those  of  Messrs.  Frederic  G.  Kenyon. 
Bertram  Dobell,  and  Edmund  Gosse,  telling 
all  that  is  known  of  the  literary  or  biblio- 
graphical history  of  the  poems.  Perhaps  the 
chief  interest,  however,  will  be  found  in  some 
thirty-five  pages  of  criticisms  written  by 
Elizabeth  Barrett  to  her  future  husband  on 
his  submitting  to  her  in  manuscript  certain 
of  his  poems.  "Saul"  and  "Luria"  are  two 
of  the  poems  which  seem  to  have  received  her 
special  care,  and  one  has  only  to  compare  the 
lines  as  first  written  with  their  present  form 
to  realize  how  much  they  gain  by  the  sensitive 
and  sensible  suggestions.  We  discover  some- 
thing quite  contradictory  to  the  accepted  tra- 
dition that  each  worked  entirely  independent 
of  the  other.  A  reproduction  of  the  earliest 
known  portrait  of  Browning,  made  from  an 
old  daguerreotype,  and  one  of  Elizabeth  Bar- 
rett from  a  miniature  painting,  are  the  sole 
illustrations. 


An  optimist 
in  the 
Far  East. 


A  travel-book  which  shows  un- 
usual sympathy  and  insight  is 
Mr.  Clayton  Sedgwick  Cooper's 
"The  Modernizing  of  the  Orient"  (McBride, 
Nast  &  Co.).  It  is  the  result  of  two  world- 
journeyings,  and  its  chapters  deal  with  condi- 
tions in  North  Africa,  Egypt,  India,  Burma, 
China,  the  Philippines,  and  Japan.  Descrip- 
tive passages  are  not  infrequent,  but  Mr. 
Cooper  was  most  interested  in  the  social,  edu- 
cational, and  religious  "modernizing"  which 
is  now  in  process  throughout  the  once  "un- 
changing East. ' '  In  gathering  his  information 
he  was  catholic  and  judicious,  so  that  he  is 
able  to  present  not  only  the  views  of  Western 
officials  and  missionaries,  but  also  of  thought- 
ful natives.  The  chapters  on  educational 
progress  in  Egypt,  India,  China,  and  Japan, 
on  religious  transformation  in  India  and 
Burma,  and  on  social  changes  in  India,  are 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


269 


very  suggestive.  A  prevailing  note  is  that  of 
optimism.  Although  he  visited  China  just 
before  the  ill-starred  counter-revolution,  yet 
he  believes  the  Chinese  "will  bring  victory 
out  of  defeat  in  accordance  with  their  im- 
memorial habit  of  stumbling  along  through 
chaos  to  order,  accomplishing  often  the  seem- 
ingly impossible."  And  a  sympathetic  ap- 
preciation of  the  good  points  of  the  eastern 
peoples  is  constantly  manifest,  the  Filipinos 
alone  proving  a  disappointment, —  but  then  the 
chapter  on  the  Philippines  is  in  itself  dis- 
appointing. In  matters  of  opinion,  although 
Mr.  Cooper  will  not  have  all  the  authorities  on 
his  side,  yet  he  will  find  very  general  support 
for  his  statements.  Errors  in  fact  are  sur- 
prisingly few :  ' '  five  hundred  lakhs ' '  are  con- 
siderably more  than  "one-half  million,"  and 
a  new  definition  would  be  necessary  in  order 
to  show  that  ninety  per  cent  of  the  people  of 
India  are  agricultural.  There  are,  also,  a  few 
typographical  errors,  such  as  Banio,  Morro, 
Mindano,  for  Baguio,  Moro,  and  Mindanao. 


The  play 
that  won 
$10,000. 


Apple-trees  and  larkspur  and 
lilacs  in  bloom,  shimmering 
gowns  and  rose-trimmed  bonnets 
of  an  older  time,  sap  mounting  and  everything 
breaking  bounds  because  of  springtime  and 
love  in  New  England, —  all  this  adds  charm 
to  the  graceful  manner  in  which  Miss  Alice 
Brown  has  presented  her  theme  in  the  play, 
' '  Children  of  Earth ' '  (Macmillan) .  The  story 
is  that  of  Mary  Ellen,  whom  Peter  Hale  per- 
suades that  nothing  else  matters  but  love  — 
not  even  Jane,  the  drunken  gypsy  wife  who 
has  long  been  to  him  as  one  that  is  dead. 
Resolved  to  live  their  own  lives,  the  two  steal 
away;  unexpectedly  Jane's  grief  at  their 
going  clouds  their  radiant  and  belated  day  of 
spring.  They  return  to  do  what  is  "right," 
the  three  resuming  their  neighborly  duties  as 
though  the  incident  had  never  been.  This  is 
beautiful,  perhaps;  but  it  is  not  life.  Did 
Miss  Brown's  idealism  cause  her  to  forget  at 
the  end  that  her  characters  are  children  of 
earth?  What  if  Jane's  nature  is  still  unsub- 
dued? Or  if  Peter  wavers  some  day  when 
impulse  and  passion  catch  noble  resolve  on 
the  rebound  ?  Or  if  Mary  Ellen  herself  either 
revolts,  in  a  moment  of  wild  abandon,  against 
the  instinct  of  imprisoning  her  emotions  for- 
ever, or  else  lives  to  witness  the  slow  and 
sordid  death,  for  want  of  expression,  of  what 
she  believed  was  love  ?  The  days  to  come  will 
bring  forth  the  real  struggle, —  a  struggle 
poignant,  intense;  not  even  the  restriction  of 
the  sub-title,  "a  play  of  New  England,"  con- 
vinces of  the  contrary.  This  struggle,  together 
with  a  solution,  whatever  it  may  be,  the  author 


has  evaded  and  has  missed  thereby  the  oppor- 
tunity for  a  powerful  dramatic  appeal,  with- 
out which  the  crux  of  the  story  is  merely  an 
episode  requiring  one  act  for  its  presentation 
instead  of  four.  The  conventional  ending 
would  show  Mary  Ellen  going  away.  Since 
she  stays,  we  demand  another  glimpse  of  these 
strong  characters  to  reveal  whether  they  stand 
or  bend  or  break.  There  are  promises  here  of 
a  something  which  justifies  Mr.  Winthrop 
Ames  in  the  belief  that  his  ten-thousand  dollar 
prize  was  wisely  awarded.  As  it  is,  however, 
the  play  is  incomplete.  It  does  not  satisfy. 
And,  after  all,  should  not  all  art,  as  George 
Gissing  suggested,  be  "an  expression,  satisfy- 
ing and  abiding,  of  the  zest  of  life"? 


BRIEFERJKENTION. 

Nothing  new  by  way  of  praise  or  dispraise  can 
be  said  of  the  English  "Who's  Who"  for  1915 
(Macmillan)  which  carries  the  volume  to  the  sixty- 
seventh  year  of  issue  and  usefulness.  There  are 
now  250,000  biographies  included,  together  with 
additional  current  information,  within  its  2500 
pages.  And  still  the  dimensions  remain  prac- 
ticable. 

The  issue  in  attractive  form  and  pocket  size  of 
"  Woman  and  War,"  a  chapter  reprinted  from  Mrs. 
Olive  Schreiner's  "  Woman  and  Labor,"  deserves 
mention,  even  amid  the  present  deluge  of  war  lit- 
erature. While  much  that  is  produced  to-day  is 
ephemeral,  this  essay,  written  a  dozen  odd  years 
ago,  still  stands  among  the  most  distinctive  and 
forceful  condemnations  of  war  of  our  day.  Messrs. 
Stokes  are  the  publishers. 

"The  Elements  of  the  Short  Story,"  by  Pro- 
fessor Edward  Everett  Hale,  Jr.,  and  Mr.  Fred- 
erick T.  Dawson,  is  an  eminently  sane  and  useful 
book.  While  most  editors  of  recent  collections  of 
short  stories  have  striven  for  novelties  in  the  way 
of  translations  and  selections  from  recent  magazine 
literature,  Messrs.  Hale  and  Dawson  have  had  the 
courage  to  confine  themselves  to  the  best  and  best- 
known  work  of  a  half-dozen  American  authors 
whose  reputations  have  been  tried  by  time.  The 
illustrations  of  various  types  of  story  are  well 
chosen;  and  the  editorial  matter,  while  slight  in 
amount,  is  pointed  and  suggestive.  (Holt.) 

Dr.  Frederick  Tupper  and  Dr.  James  W.  Tup- 
per  have  chosen  a  dozen  plays  for  the  volume 
whose  title  explains  their  selection,  "  Represen- 
tative English  Dramas  from  Dryden  to  Sheridan  " 
(Oxford  Press).  The  inclusion  of  "  She  Stoops  to 
Conquer,"  "The  Rivals,"  and  "The  School  for 
Scandal"  is  necessary  no  doubt,  on  the  score  of 
completeness;  although  these  plays  can  be  ob- 
tained in  numerous  satisfactory  editions  for  a  mere 
two-pence.  By  restricting  the  period  covered,  the 
editors  might  instead  have  used  the  space  for  some 
of  the  more  inaccessible  plays, —  in  fact,  those 
from  the  very  authors  whose  omission  is  referred 
to  with  regret  in  the  introductory  note.  The 
bibliography  and  the  notes  at  the  end  of  the  vol- 
ume are  excellent  in  every  way. 


270 


THE   DIAL 


[April  1 


NOTES. 


"  The  Chronicles  of  the  Imp  "  is  the  title  of  Mr. 
Jeffery  Farnol's  forthcoming  novel. 

Mrs.  Mary  Roberts  Rinehart's  new  novel,  "  K," 
will  be  published  in  the  summer  by  the  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co. 

"  Fidelity "  by  Miss  Susan  Glaspell  is  a  novel 
which  Messrs.  Small,  Maynard  &  Co.  have  in  train 
for  publication  this  month. 

Mr.  Frank  Swinnerton's  critical  study  of  Robert 
Louis  Stevenson  is  ready  and  will  be  issued  imme- 
diately by  Mr.  Mitchell  Kennerley. 

M.  Emile  Verhaeren  has  written  a  new  book  of 
verse,  "  La  Belgique  Sanglante,"  inspired  by  the 
part  Belgium  has  played  in  the  war. 

An  appreciation  of  Mr.  Edward  Carpenter  and 
his  teaching,  from  the  pen  of  an  intimate  frien'd, 
Mr.  Edward  Lewis,  will  appear  immediately. 

The  first  book  General  Friedrich  von  Bernhardi 
has  written  since  the  war  broke  out  is  "  Germany 
and  England,"  which  will  be  published  before  long 
by  Messrs.  G.  W.  Dillinghain  Co. 

Mr.  John  Masefield  has  written  a  book  called 
"  John  M.  Synge :  A  Few  Personal  Recollections, 
with  Biographical  Notes,"  which  will  be  published 
in  May  by  the  Cuala  Press,  of  Dublin. 

"  The  Invisible  Event,"  the  final  volume  of  Mr. 
J.  D.  Beresford's  trilogy  of  novels  dealing  with  the 
life  of  Jacob  Stahl,  has  just  been  published  in 
England  and  will  undoubtedly  be  issued  in  this 
country  before  long. 

Among  forthcoming  additions  to  the  "  Oxford 
Standard  Authors  "  will  be  "  The  Arabian  Nights : 
A  Selection,"  with  illustrations  by  Millais,  Hough- 
ton,  Pin  well,  and  others ;  and  Kingsley's  "  Hypa- 
tia,"  illustrated  by  Mr.  By  am  Shaw. 

A  volume  of  verse  by  Lord  Curzon  of  Kedleston, 
entitled  "  War  Songs  and  other  Translations,"  is 
announced  by  the  John  Lane  Co.  This  house  will 
also  publish  shortly,  "  Ventures  in  Thought,"  a  vol- 
ume of  essays  by  Mr.  Francis  Coutts. 

Readers  of  the  brilliant  essays  contributed  to 
THE  DIAL  for  many  years  past  by  Mr.  Charles 
Leonard  Moore  will  be  glad  to  know  that  a  selec- 
tion of  these  will  appear  during  the  early  autumn 
in  a  volume  to  be  published  by  Messrs.  Putnam. 

Mr.  H.  S.  Souttar,  one  of  the  surgeons  in  charge 
of  the  British  Field  Hospital,  describes  his  recent 
experiences  in  Malines,  Termonde,  and  Ypres  in  a 
volume  entitled  "A  Surgeon  in  Belgium,"  which 
will  be  issued  immediately  by  Messrs.  Longmans, 
Green  &  Co. 

As  American  agents  for  the  Cambridge  Univer- 
sity Press,  Messrs.  Putnam  will  shortly  publish  an 
essay  on  "  Alexander  Scott,  Montgomerie,  and 
Drummond  of  Hawthornden  as  Lyric  Poets,"  by 
Catharine  M.  Maclean.  The  essay  gained  the  Lord 
Rector's  Prize  in  Edinburgh  University  in  1911-12. 

The  novels  of  Godwin,  Holcroft,  and  their  circle 
as  source-books  on  the  life  and  thought  of  their 
time  are  discussed  in  a  volume  entitled  "  The 
French  Revolution  and  the  English  Novel,"  by 
Allene  Gregory,  which  Messrs.  Putnam  have  nearly 


ready.  The  author  contrasts  the  works  in  question 
with  anti-Revolutionary  fiction  in  England  at  the 
same  period,  also  devoting  a  chapter  to  the  novels 
expressing  the  early  feminism  of  Mary  Wollstone- 
craft. 

The  English  and  American  rights  in  Sir  Sven 
Hedin's  "  With  the  German  Armies  in  the  West " 
have  been  acquired  by  Mr.  John  Lane,  and  the 
volume  will  appear  within  the  next  month  or  two. 
The  author  had  unusual  opportunities  for  seeing 
things  behind  the  German  lines  and  writes  from  the 
German  point  of  view. 

Mr.  Edward  Hutton  has  written  a  study,  based 
on  contemporary  authorities,  of  the  attack  of  Attila 
upon  civilization  in  the  fifth  century,  and  its  de- 
feat on  the  plain  of  Chalons,  as  well  as  its  relation 
to  the  Great  War  of  the  present  day.  The  book 
will  be  published  during  the  spring  under  the  title 
of  "Attila  and  the  Huns." 

Professor  George  M.  Wrong,  of  the  University 
of  Toronto,  has  written  a  series  of  papers  on  "  The 
War  Spirit  of  Germany,"  which  the  Oxford  Uni- 
versity Press  is  bringing  out  immediately  as  a 
pamphlet.  Mr.  Edward  Carpenter's  essays  on  the 
war,  under  the  title  of  "  The  Healing  of  Nations," 
announced  some  weeks  ago,  are  expected  almost 
immediately. 

New  Rochelle's  new  library  building  has  now 
seen  a  year  of  use,  and  the  librarian  reports  an 
encouraging  activity  in  the  various  departments 
of  the  institution.  Here  is  a  significant  scrap  from 
her  annual  record:  "A  review  of  the  year's  work 
shows  a  marked  tendency  toward  sociological  study 
and  investigation.  Several  people  have  been  aided 
in  the  production  of  books,  and  in  one  case  the 
location  of  an  obscure  town  in  England  was  the 
means  of  establishing  communication  with  the 
beneficiary  of  a  will,  an  instance  of  the  practical 
value  of  reference  work." 

A  new  language,  that  of  the  Esquimaux,  has  just 
gained  a  place  in  the  world  of  books  through  the 
medium  of  a  volume  called  "  Singnagtugag  "  —  in 
English,  "  The  Dream,"  —  written  by  an  Esquimau 
clergyman,  and  published  in  Greenland  in  his  na- 
tive tongue.  The  author,  Mathias  Storch,  is  the 
son  of  a  seal-hunter  in  the  far  North,  and  his  book 
records  incidents  and  impressions  .of  his  boyhood 
which  throw  much  fresh  light  on  the  customs  of  the 
Esquimaux.  A  Danish  correspondent  of  the  Lon- 
don "  Nation,"  who  has  examined  the  book,  states 
that  it  has  a  distinct  ironic  vein  which  finds  ex- 
pression in  the  conclusion  —  a  dream  of  a  self  - 
governed  Greenland  two  hundred  years  hence. 

Dr.  Charles  R.  Henderson,  professor  of  sociology 
in  the  University  of  Chicago,  criminologist,  author, 
lecturer,  and  for  many  years  past  a  valued  con- 
tributor to  THE  DIAL,  died  at  Charleston,  S.  C.,  on 
March  29.  He  was  born  in  1848,  at  Covington, 
Ind.  Ordained  a  minister  in  1873,  he  accepted  the 
pastorate  of  the  Baptist  Church  first  in  Terre 
Haute,  then  in  Detroit,  and  in  1892  became  chap- 
lain of  the  University  of  Chicago.  At  the  time  of 
his  death  he  was  head  of  the  department  of  prac- 
tical sociology  in  the  University,  associate  editor 
of  the  "American  Journal  of  Sociology,"  and  pres- 
ident of  the  United  Charities  of  Chicago.  His 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


271 


first-hand  investigations  and  work  in  behalf  of  the 
oppressed  and  unemployed  in  Chicago  and  else- 
where established  for  him  an  international  reputa- 
tion as  a  sympathetic  student  of  humanity.  His 
writings  reveal  a  rare  scholarship  and  cover  a  wide 
range  in  the  field  of  sociology,  dealing,  more  specif- 
ically, with  the  study  of  crime,  treatment  of  delin- 
quent and  defective  classes,  prisons  and  prison 
reform,  and  modern  methods  of  charity. 

"  The  Nations'  Histories  "  is  the  title  of  a  new 
series  of  historical  manuals  which  will  be  launched 
during  the  present  season.  The  volumes  will  differ 
from  other  histories  in  the  attention  given  to  phys- 
ical and  topographical  features  in  determining  the 
development  of  the  different  European  nations,  and 
to  the  archaeological  and  architectural  remains 
which  are  the  standing  monuments  of  past  achieve- 
ment. Each  volume  will  contain  an  appendix  giv- 
ing the  present  state  of  the  country  in  full  detail. 
The  first  three  to  be  published  are  as  follows: 
"Russia"  by  Dr.  Harold  W.  Williams,  "Ger- 
many "  by  Mr.  W.  T.  Waugh,  and  "  Poland "  by 
Mr.  G.  E.  Slocombe. 

A  book  of  whimsical  philosophy  and  banter, 
"  with  an  ambiguous  introduction  by  H.  G.  Wells," 
will  shortly  be  published  in  England  under  the  title 
of  "  Boon,  the  Mind  of  the  Race,  the  Last  Asses  of 
the  Devil,  and  the  Last  Trump,"  described  as  being 
"  the  table-talk  of  a  deceased  literary  man,  with 
some  fragments  of  his  unpublished  works,"  com- 
piled by  his  executor,  Reginald  Bliss.  George 
Boon,  "  the  author  of  irreproachable  novels  of 
world-wide  fame,"  is  apparently  not  so  much  dead 
as  missing.  These  literary  remains  of  the  vanished 
author  are  published  as  a  sort  of  satirical  com- 
jnentary  upon  the  times,  and  especially  upon  the 
book  world  of  to-day. 

Twenty-one  new  volumes  are  to  be  added  at  once 
to  "  Everyman's  Library "  by  Messrs.  Dutton. 
Among  them  are  Professor  Dowden's  "  Life  of 
Robert  Browning,"  the  second  volume  of  Froude's 
"  Short  Studies,"  Dostoevsky's  "  '  Poor  Folk '  and 
'  The  Gambler,' "  translated  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Hogarth, 
whose  translation  of  Erckmann-Chatrian's  "  Story 
of  a  Peasant,"  in  two  volumes,  is  also  added  to  the 
department  of  fiction ;  Mignet's  "  History  of  the 
French  Revolution,"  with  an  introduction  by  Mr. 
L.  Cecil  Jane;  Josephus's  "Wars  of  the  Jews," 
with  an  introduction  by  Dr.  Jacob  Hart;  Emer- 
son's Poems,  with  an  introduction  by  Professor 
Bakewell,  of  Yale ;  Ibsen's  "  Brand  "  translated  by 
Mr.  F.  E.  Garrett;  and  an  "Anthology  of  British 
Historical  Speeches  and  Orations,"  compiled  by 
Mr.  Ernest  Rhys. 

Walter  Crane,  the  English  artist,  author,  and 
lecturer,  died  on  March  15,  at  the  age  of  seventy. 
His  first  illustrated  book,  "  The  New  Forest,"  ap- 
peared in  1863.  During  his  long  career  he  has  won 
many  high  honors,  including  membership  in  several 
of  the  principal  academies  in  England  and  on  the 
Continent.  His  published  writings  include  "An 
Artist's  Reminiscences,"  "  India  Impressions,"  and 
"  William  Morris  and  Whistler."  Of  his  work  in 
illustration,  through  which  he  was  most  widely 
known,  the  sumptuous  edition  of  Spenser's  "  Faerie 
Queene  "  is  doubtless  the  best  example.  His  famous 


"  toy-books "  are  known  to  children  everywhere. 
The  type  of  gift-book  represented  by  his  "  Flower 
Wedding,"  "A  Masque  of  Days,"  "  Flowers  from 
Shakespeare's  Garden,"  etc.,  and  several  others, 
was  extremely  popular  with  an  older  generation. 

"  Studies  in  Philology "  will  hereafter  be  pub- 
lished by  the  University  of  North  Carolina  in  the 
form  of  a  quarterly  journal.  The  first  number, 
bearing  the  date  January,  1915,  contains  a  critical 
edition  by  Professor  James  H.  Hanford  of  "  Wine, 
Beere,  Ale,  and  Tobacco,  Contending  for  Su- 
periority," a  curious  debate  play,  hitherto  acces- 
sible only  in  a  rare  reprint.  Besides  being  of  value 
because  of  its  numerous  contemporary  allusions, 
relating  particularly  to  the  manners  and  customs 
of  the  tavern,  this  text  has  special  interest  for  the 
student  of  Elizabethan  drama  as  a  survival  of  the 
interlude  and  as  a  specimen  of  the  minor  entertain- 
ments in  vogue  at  the  universities.  In  his  intro- 
duction Professor  Hanford  has  discussed  the 
sources  of  the  material  and  shown  the  close  con- 
nection existing  between  this  piece  and  several 
well-known  Cambridge  University  plays.  The  first, 
second,  and  third  editions  have  been  collated  for 
the  first  time,  and  the  text  has  been  fully  illustrated 
in  notes.  In  form,  the  new  quarterly  is  eminently 
attractive. 

Charles  Francis  Adams,  historian  and  publicist, 
direct  descendant  of  two  United  States  presidents, 
son  of  one  of  our  most  distinguished  diplomats, 
and  otherwise  claiming  the  regard  and  remem- 
brance of  posterity,  died  at  his  winter  home  in 
Washington,  March  20.  Born  in  Boston,  May  27, 
1835,  and  graduated  from  Harvard  in  1856,  he 
studied  law  in  the  office  of  Richard  Henry  Dana, 
author  of  "  Two  Years  before  the  Mast,"  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  but  had  hardly  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  his  profession  before  the  outbreak 
of  the  war  claimed  his  energies,  and  its  close  found 
him  more  interested  in  railway  management,  in 
various  public  questions,  and  in  historical  and  other 
studies,  than  in  the  calling  which  he  had  at  first 
chosen.  In  the  field  of  letters  and  learning  he  is 
to  be  remembered  for  his  epoch-making  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  oration  at  Cambridge  in  1883,  when  he 
delivered  himself  of  sundry  opinions  concerning 
"A  College  Fetich"  (classical  studies)  that  are 
thought  to  have  turned  the  tide  at  Harvard  and 
beyond  in  favor  of  the  sciences  in  education,  for 
his  biography  of  Richard  Henry  Dana,  his  "  Three 
Episodes  of  Massachusetts  History,"  "  Massa- 
chusetts, its  Historians  and  its  History,"  the  life 
of  his  father  in  the  "American  Statesmen  "  series, 
and  several  volumes  of  miscellanies  on  historical, 
diplomatic,  and  military  themes.  Two  years  ago 
he  delivered  at  Oxford  a  course  of  lectures  on 
American  history.  His  long  connection  with  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  his  repeated  re- 
election to  the  Harvard  Board  of  Overseers,  his 
many  appointments  to  public  positions  of  im- 
portance, and  the  learned  degrees  and  other  honors 
conferred  upon  him,  bore  witness  to  the  high  esteem 
in  which  he  was  held.  A  clear  and  ready  writer, 
with  aptitude  for  historical  research,  he  made 
notable  contributions  to  the  history  of  his  native 
State,  and  wrote  also  with  mastery  of  other  sub- 
jects. 


272 


THE   DIAL 


[April  1 


TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS. 

April,  1915. 


Abruzzi,  The  Earthquake  in.  Thomas  N.  Page  .  .  Scribner 
Antiques,  Fraudulent.  Gardner  Teall  ....  Am.  Homes 

Artist's   Morality,    An.      Horace   Holley Forum 

Banking  Problems.     Thomas  Conway,  Jr Pop.  Sc. 

Bible-study  in  Colleges  and  Schools.  E.  A.  Cross  Am.  Jour.  Soc. 
Block  Printing,  Early.  H.  D.  Eberlein  .  .  .  Am.  Homes 

Book-collecting.   A.  Edward  Newton Atlantic 

British  Sea-power  and  South  America.  R.  G.  Usher  Century 
Capital,  Rate  for,  and  the  War.  B.  W.  Holt  .  .  .  Pop.  Sc. 
Carnegie  Foundation,  The.  Henry  S.  Pritchett  .  No.  Amer. 
Carpathians,  Fighting  in.  J.  F.  J.  Archibald  .  .  Scribner 

Churches,  Unity  of  the.     Newman  Smyth Yale 

City,  The,  as  an  Institution.  R.  E.  Park  .  .  Am.  Jour.  Soc. 
City,  The  Brand  of  the.  Walter  E.  Weyl  ....  Harper 
Clayton  Act,  The.  W.  H.  S.  Stevens  .  .  .  Am.  Econ.  Rev. 

Cloture.    Champ  Clark North  American 

Collier,  William.   Peter  C.  Macfarlane     ....     Everybody's 

Color  in  Western  Art.    Mary  Austin Century 

Competition,  The  Conservation  of Unpopular 

Competition,  The  Culmination  of Unpopular 

Constantinople  and  the  Turks.  G.  F.  Herrick  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Cost  of  Living,  The.  Margaret  S.  Kendall  .  .  .  Atlantic 
Cotton  Futures  Act,  The.  Luther  Conant,  Jr.  Am.  Econ.  Rev. 

Criminal,  The  New  View  of  the Unpopular 

Dahlias  for  the  Home  Garden.    J.  H.  Gardner     .     Am.  Homes 

Debutantes,  The  Mobilization  of  the Unpopular 

Defence,  National,  A  Book  on.     F.  R.  Coudert     .     No.  Amer. 

Defence,  The  National Unpopular 

Deffand,  Mme.  du.  Gamaliel  Bradford  ....  No.  Amer. 
Drama :  Upside  Down.  Brander  Matthews  .  .  .  No.  Amer. 

Eastern  Moat  of  Europe,  The Unpopular 

Emeralds,  Decreasing  Supply  of.    Virginia 

Roderick Everybody's 

England,  The  Changing  Mind  of.  L.  P.  Jacks  .  .  Atlantic 
England  and  the  English.  Infanta  Eulalia  .  .  .  Century 

England  and  the  War.     L.  P.  Jacks Yale 

English  Literature  in  France.  Emile  Legouis  .  .  .  Yale 
European  Cultures,  War  of  the.  J.  S.  Schapiro  .  .  Forum 
Farm  Credit  in  Kansas.  George  E.  Putnam  Am.  Econ.  Rev. 
Flowers :  Changing  Their  Color.  S.  L.  Bastin  .  Am.  Homes 
Foreign  Trade,  A  Message  on.  C.  H.  Sherrill  .  .  Pop.  Sc. 

Foreign  Trade,  War  and.    H.  E.  Miles Pop.  Sc. 

Foreign  Trade  of  the  United  States.  A.  B.  Farquhar  Pop.  Sc. 
Fragonard  Panels,  The.  Ernest  Peixotto  ....  Scribner 
France,  War  Leaders  of.  Charles  Johnston  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Free  Ports,  American.  Frederic  C.  Howe  ....  Pop.  Sc. 

Frost,  Robert.   Sylvester  Baxter Rev.  of  Revs. 

German  Spirit,  The.    Havelock  Ellis Atlantic 

German  Trenches,  In  the.     John  Reed     .     .     .     Metropolitan 

Germany's  Terms.     Hans  Delbruck Atlantic 

Hay,  John,  Letters  and  Diaries  of Harper 

Health  Examinations,  Periodic.  E.  L.  Fisk  .  .  .  Pop.  Sc. 
Henry  Street  Settlement,  The  —  II.  Lillian  D.  Wald  Atlantic 
Highbrow  and  Lowbrow.  Van  Wyck  Brooks  .  .  .  Forum 
Holland's  Plan  of  Defence.  R.  J.  Jessurun  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Imperialism  and  the  Christian  Ideal.  B.  W.  Bacon  .  .  Yale 

Italy's  Duty.     Guglielmo  Ferrero Atlantic 

James,  William.    M.  H.  Hedges Forum 

Josephus,  Sir.    George  Harvey North  American 

Lansing,  Robert.   J.  B.  Scott Rev.  of  Revs. 

Law,  International,  on  the  Sea.    C.  H.  Stockton    World's  Work 

Lawn,  The.     Andrew  Hoeben Am.  Homes 

Letter-writing  in   Walpole's  Time.     C.   B.   Tinker     .     .     Yale 

Liberty  and  License.     H.  M.  Aubrey Forum 

Literature,  Some  Recent  Philosophy  of  ...  Unpopular 
Lombaertzyde,  The  French  at.  Arno  Dosch  .  World's  Work 

Louis  XVI.,  Death  of.     H.  Belloc Century 

Mather,  Stephen  T.  Enos  A.  Mills  ....  Rev .  of  Revs. 
Merchant  Marine,  Extension  of  Our.  G.  W.  Norris  Pop.  Sc. 

Mexico,  Cause  of  the  Revolution  in Unpopular 

Midwife  in  Chicago,  The.    Grace  Abbott     .     .     Am.  Jour.  Soc. 

Motoring  Abroad.     Louise  Closser  Hale Harper 

Municipal  Problems,  American.     C.  R.  Woodruff     .     Pop.  Sc. 

National  Efficiency.     Charles  W.  Eliot Atlantic 

Nationality,  The  Bonds  of.  Albion  W.  Small  Am.  Jour.  Soc. 
Nationality  and  the  New  Europe.  A.  C.  Coolidge  .  .  Yale 
Neutrality,  Economic  Importance  of.  G.  E.  Sherman  Pop.  Sc. 
Neutralization,  Rights  of.  George  G.  Wilson  ....  Yale 
O'Keefe,  Ellen,  and  Ex-prisoners.  Henry  Magill  Everybody's 
Old  Maids,  Apology  for.  Henry  D.  Sedgwick  ....  Yale 
Opium  Question,  End  of  the.  Hamilton  Wright  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Optimism,  American.  T.  H.  Price  ....  World's  Work 
Ovid  among  the  Goths.  Gamaliel  Bradford  ....  Yale 
Panama  Canal,  Building  the  —  II.  G.  W.  Goethals  Scribner 
Parks,  National,  Our.  S.  T.  Mather  ....  Rev.  of  Revs. 

Peace.     George  E.  Woodberry North  American 

Perkins,  George  W.    Harold  Kellock Century 

Perret,  F.  A.,  Volcanologist.     French  Strother     World's  Work 

Physics,  The  New.     John  Burroughs Yale 

Politics  and  Prosperity.  James  B.  Duke  .  .  .  No.  Amer. 
Pork  Barrel  Pensions.  B.  J.  Hendrick  .  .  .  World's  Work 
Preparedness,  Need  of.  Theodore  Roosevelt  .  Metropolitan 

Property  and  Law Unpopular 

Railroad  Crisis,  The.     Ray  Morris Yale 


Races  :  Inferior  and  Superior.     Booker  T. 

Washington  No.  Amer. 

Railroad  Valuation.  A.  M.  Sakolski  .  .  .  Am.  Econ.  Rev. 

Rose-growing,  Easy.  Henry  Wild Am.  Homes 

Russia's  Red  Road  to  Berlin.  Perceval  Gibbon  Everybody's 
Russia's  Struggle  for  an  Outlet.  Svetozar  Tonjoroff  No.  Amer. 

Science,  Skepticism  and  Idolatry  in Unpopular 

Screens  for  Decoration.  R.  H.  Van  Court  .  .  Am.  Homes 
Shaw,  Anna  Howard,  Autobiography  of  —  VI.  Metropolitan 
Social  Customs  in  18th  Century  America.  C.  H. 

Sherrill Scribner 

Socialism,  The  Fall  or  Rise  of.  E.  D.  Schoonmaker  Century 
Socialism  and  War  —  V.  Morris  Hillquit  .  .  Metropolitan 

Soil  Fertility.  Robert  W.  Bruere Harper 

South  American  Politics.  E.  A.  Ross Century 

Sportsman,  Reverie  of  a.  John  Galsworthy  .  .  .  Atlantic 

Statistics,  Lies,  Damned  Lies  and Unpopular 

Stefansson,  Over  the  Ice  with.  B.  M.  McConnell  .  Harper 
Submarines,  New  Defence  against.  Cleveland 

Moffett American 

System  versus  Slippers Unpopular 

Tahiti,  A  History  of.  Alfred  G.  Mayer Pop.  Sc. 

"  Tirpitz  the  Eternal."  James  Middleton  .  .  World's  Work 
Tsingtau,  With  the  Germans  in.  A.  M.  Brace  World's  Work 

Unemployment.  Frederic  C.  Howe Century 

Villa  as  a  Statesman.  J.  K.  Turner  ....  Metropolitan 
Vitality,  American,  Trend  of.  L.  I.  Dublin  .  .  .  Pop.  Sc. 
Vitality,  Defence  of  National.  C.  E.  A.  Winslow  .  Pop.  Sc. 
Vitality,  Racial  Element  in.  C.  B.  Davenport  .  .  Pop.  Sc. 
War,  Fundamental  Cause  of.  B.  W.  Holt  ....  Pop.  Sc. 
War,  Social  Effects  of  the.  L.  T.  Hobhouse  .  .  .  Atlantic 
War,  The,  and  the  Way  Out.  G.  Lowes  Dickinson  Atlantic 
War,  The,  at  Sea.  George  Marvin  ....  World's  Work 
War,  The  Cost  of  the.  C.  F.  Speare  ....  Rev.  of  Revs. 
War  and  Our  Foreign  Policy.  David  Laurence  .  No.  Amer. 
Women,  Working,  New  Spirit  among.  Agnes  C.  Laut  Century 
Working  Hours,  Shorter.  Ida  M.  Tarbell  .  .  .  American 
World,  Our  Wonderful.  John  Burroughs  ....  Harper 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  130  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

Footfalls  of  Indian  History.  By  the  Sister  Nivedita 
(Margaret  E.  Noble).  Illustrated  in  color,  etc., 
8vo,  276  pages.  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.  $2.  net. 

The  Secret  of  an  Empress.  By  the  Countess  Za- 
nardi  Landi.  Illustrated  in  photogravure,  large 
Svo,  344  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $4.  net. 

A  History  of  the  Japanese  People  from  the  Earliest 
Times  to  the  End  of  the  Meiji  Era.  By  F. 
Brinkley,  R.A. ;  with  the  collaboration  of  Baron 
Kikuchi.  Illustrated,  8vo,  784  pages.  New  York: 
Encyclopedia  Britannica  Co. 

The  Rise  of  the  Dutch  Kingdom,  1795-1813.  By 
Hendrik  Willem  Van  Loon.  Illustrated,  large 
Svo,  279  pages.  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.  $2.50  net. 

Abbas  II.  By  the  Earl  of  Cromer.  Svo,  84  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  $1.  net. 

GENERAL,   LITERATURE. 

Shakespeare  on  the  Stage.  By  William  Winter. 
Second  Series.  Illustrated,  large  Svo,  663  pages. 
Moffat,  Yard  &  Co.  $3.  net. 

Criticisms  of  Life:  Studies  in  Faith,  Hope,  and 
Despair.  By  Horace  J.  Bridges.  Svo,  295  pages. 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Chief  Contemporary  Dramatists:  Twenty  Plays 
from  the  Recent  Drama  of  England,  Ireland, 
America,  Germany,  France,  Belgium,  Norway, 
Sweden,  and  Russia.  Selected  and  edited  by 
Thomas  H.  Dickinson.  Svo,  676  pages.  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co.  $2.75  net. 

The  Growth  of  English  Drama.  By  Arnold  Wynne, 
M.A.  12mo,  281  pages.  Oxford  University  Press. 
$1.15  net. 

Essays  of  Joseph  Addisoii.  Chosen  and  edited,  with 
Preface  and  notes,  by  James  George  Frazer.  In 
2  volumes,  12mo.  Macmillan  Co.  $3.  net. 

The  Soliloquy  In  German  Drama.  By  Erwin  W. 
Roessler,  Ph.D.  Svo,  121  pages.  Columbia  Uni- 
versity Press.  Paper,  $1.  net. 

When  a  Man  Comes  to  Himself.  By  Woodrow  Wil- 
son, LL.D.  16mo,  38  pages.  Harper  &  Brothers. 
50  cts.  net. 

Samuel  Naylor  and  -'Reynard  the  Fox":  A  Study 
in  Anglo-German  Literary  Relations.  By  L.  A. 
Willoughby,  Ph.D.  12mo,  42  pages.  Oxford 
University  Press.  Paper. 

Poetic  Romancers  after  1850.  By  Oliver  Elton. 
Svo,  19  pages.  Oxford  University  Press.  Paper. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


273 


DRAMA  AND   VERSE. 

The    Shoes    of    Happiness,    and    Other    Poems.      By 

Edwin  Markham.     12mo,  192  pages.     Doubleday, 

Page  &  Co.     $1.20  net. 
Songs   from  the   Clay.     By  James   Stephens.     12mo, 

106   pages.     Macmillan   Co.      $1.   net. 
Fairyland:     An    Opera    in    Three    Acts.      By    Brian 

Hooker.       12mo,     137     pages.       Yale     University 

Press.     $1.  net. 
Collected  Plays  and   Poems.     By  Cale   Young  Rice. 

In   2  volumes,   with   portrait,   12mo.     Doubleday, 

Page  &  Co.     $3.  net. 

Verses    from    Many    Seas.      By    Fred    Warner    Car- 
penter.     12mo,    27    pages.      Paul    Elder    &    Co. 

75  cts.  net. 
War  Sonnets.     By  Edward  Robeson  Taylor.     12mo. 

San  Francisco:    Published  by  the  author.     Paper. 

FICTION. 

Bealby:     A    Holiday.      By    H.    G.    Wells.      12mo,    291 

pages.     Macmillan  Co.     $1.35  net. 
Victory:   An  Island  Tale.     By  Joseph  Conrad.     12mo, 

462  pages.     Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.     $1.35  net. 
Angela's    Business.       By    Henry    Sydnor    Harrison. 

Illustrated,    12mo,   375   pages.     Houghton   Mifflin 

Co.     $1.35  net. 
A   Dealer   in   Empire.      By   Amelia   Josephine    Burr. 

Illustrated,  12mo,  298  pages.     Harper  &  Brothers. 

$1.25  net. 

Who  Goes  There!     By  Robert  W.  Chambers.     Illus- 
trated in  color,  etc.,  12mo,  340  pages.     D.  Apple- 
ton  &  Co.     $1.35  net. 
Little    Comrade:     A    Tale    of    the    Great    War.      By 

Burton   E.   Stevenson.      12mo,   315   pages.      Henry 

Holt  &  Co.     $1.20  net. 
The  Graves  at  Kilmorna:    A  Story  of  '67.     By  P.  A. 

Sheehan,     D.D.       12mo,     373     pages.       Longmans, 

Green  &  Co.     $1.35  net. 
Barbara's   Marriages.     By  Maude   Radford  Warren. 

With   frontispiece,    12mo,   351    pages.     Harper  & 

Brothers.     $1.35  net. 
Happy   Pollyooly:     The    Rich   Little    Poor   Girl.      By 

Edgar    Jepson.       Illustrated,     12mo,     314     pages. 

Bobbs-Merrill  Co.     $1.25  net. 
The  Edge.     By  John   Corbin.     With  frontispiece   in 

color,  12mo,  403  pages.     Duffleld  &  Co.     $1.35  net. 
The  Return  of  Tarzan.     By  Edgar  Rice  Burroughs. 

12mo,  365  pages.     A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.     $1.30  net. 
Johnny  Appleseed:    The  Romance  of  the  Sower.     By 

Eleanor  Atkinson.     Illustrated,  12mo,  341  pages. 

Harper   &  Brothers.      $1.25  net. 
The  Diary  of  a  Beauty:    A  Story.     By  Molly  Elliot 

Seawell.      Illustrated,    12mo,    212    pages.      J.    B. 

Lippincott  Co.     $1.25  net. 
Pals    First:     A    Romance    of    Love    and    Comradery. 

By  Francis  Perry  Elliott.     With  frontispiece  in 

color,    12mo,    332    pages.      Harper    &    Brothers. 

$1.30  net. 
The  Gentleman  Adventurer.    By  H.  C.  Bailey.     12mo, 

345  pages.     George  H.  Doran  Co.     $1.25  net. 
The  Flying  U's  Last  Stand.     By  B.  M.  Bower.     With 

frontispiece,   12mo,   353   pages.     Little,  Brown   & 

Co.     $1.30  net. 
Dr.  Syn:    A  Smuggler  Tale  of  the  Romney  Marsh. 

By  Russell  Thorndyke.     With  frontispiece,  12mo, 

301  pages.     Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.     $1.25  net. 
The  Ladder:    The  Story  of  a  Casual  Man.     By  Philip 

Curtiss.      With    frontispiece,    12mo,    307    pages. 

Harper  &  Brothers.     $1.30  net. 
The    Little    Missloner.      By    Nina    Wilcox    Putnam. 

Illustrated,  12mo,  322  pages.     D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

$1.30  net. 
The    Chalk    Line.      By    Anne    Warwick.      12mo,    278 

pages.     John  Lane  Co.     $1.25  net. 
The  Cheerful  Blackguard.    By  Roger  Pocock.     12mo, 

400  pages.     Bobbs-Merrill  Co.     $1.35  net. 
Felix  Tells  It.     By  Lucy  Pratt.     Illustrated,  12mo, 

355  pages.     D.  Appleton  &  Co.     $1.25  net. 
Lost    Sheep.      By    Vere    Shortt.       12mo,    312    pages. 

John  Lane  Co.     $1.25  net. 

Molly.     By   Jean   Louise   de  Forest.     With  frontis- 
piece in  color,  12mo,  304  pages.     Sully  &  Klein- 

teich.     $1.25  net. 
The  Primal  Law.     By  Isabel  Ostrander.     12mo,  342 

pages.     Mitchell  Kennerley.     $1.35  net. 
The  Woman  in  the  Car.     By  Richard  Marsh.     12mo, 

311   pages.     J.  B.   Lippincott  Co.      $1.35  net. 
John  the  Fool:    An  American  Romance.     By  Charles 

Tenney   Jackson.      Illustrated,    12mo,    325   pages. 

Bobbs-Merrill  Co.     $1.25  net. 
It  Pays  to  Advertise.     By  Roi   Cooper  Megrue  and 

Walter    Hackett;     novelized    by    Samuel    Field. 

Illustrated,     12mo,     333    pages.       Duffleld    &    Co. 

$1.25   net. 
The  Taming  of  Amorette:    A  Comedy   of  Manners. 

By  Anne  Warner.     Illustrated,  12mo,  210  pages. 

Little,  Brown  &  Co.     $1.  net. 
Can  a  Man  Be  True?     By  Winifred  Graham.     12mo, 

330  pages.     Mitchell  Kennerley.     $1.  net. 


The   Little   Mother  Who   Sits   at   Home.     Edited    by 

the    Countess   Barcynska.     With   frontispiece   in 

color,    12jno,    193    pagefe.      E.    P.    Dutton    &    Co. 

$1.  net. 
Love    Letters    of   a    Divorced    Couple.      By   William 

Farquhar  Payson.     12mo,  216  pages.     Doubleday, 

Page  &  Co.     $1.  net. 
Oliver  in  Willowmere.     By  Kathleen  A.  Lund.    12mo, 

335  pages.     London:    Heath,  Cranton  &  Ouseley, 

Ltd. 
Myriam    and    the    Mystic    Brotherhood.      By    Maude 

Lesseuer    Howard.      12mo,    370    pages.      Elkhart, 

Ind.:    Occult  Publishing  Co.     $1.25  net. 
The   Will   to   Live    (Les    Roquevillard).      By    Henry 

Bordeaux;    translated  from  the  French  by  Pitts 

Duffleld.     12mo,  326  pages.    Duffleld  &  Co.    Paper, 

75  cts.  net. 
Arrows  of  the  Almighty.     By  Owen  Johnson.     New 

edition;  12mo,  405  pages.  Macmillan  Co.   $1.25  net. 
A  Tale  from  the  Rainbow  Land.     By  Katherine  M. 

Yates.       Illustrated    in    color,    16mo,    30    pages. 

Paul  Elder  &  Co.     50  cts.  net. 
The    Unknown    Country.      By    Coningsby    Dawson. 

Illustrated,    12mo,    62    pages.      Hearst's    Interna- 
tional Library  Co.     50  cts.  net. 
Three  Things.     By  Elinor  Glyn.     With  frontispiece, 

12mo,  114  pages.     Hearst's  International  Library 

Co.     35  cts.  net. 

TRAVEL  AND   DESCRIPTION. 
A    History   of   Travel   in    America:     An    Account    of 

the  Development  of  Travel  and  Transportation. 

By  Seymour  Dunbar.     In  4  volumes,  illustrated 

in  color,  etc.,  8vo.     Bobbs-Merrill  Co.     $10.  net. 
In    the   Oregon    Country.      By    George    Palmer    Put- 
nam;   with  Introduction  by  James  Withycombe. 

Illustrated,    12mo,    169    pages.      G.    P.    Putnam's 

Sons.     $1.75  net. 
Bohemian     San     Francisco:      Its     Restaurants     and 

Their    Most    Famous    Recipes.      By    Clarence    E. 

Edwords.      With    frontispiece,    12mo,    138    pages. 

Paul  Elder  &  Co.     $1.25  net. 
In   the   Land   of  the  Head-hunters.     By   Edward   S. 

Curtis.       Illustrated,     8vo,     110     pages.       World 

Book  Co.     $1.20  net. 
Highways  and  Byways  of  California.     Written  and 

illustrated     by     Clifton     Johnson.       "  Exposition 

Edition."    8vo,  323  pages.   Macmillan  Co.   $1.50  net. 

PUBLIC    AFFAIRS. —  SOCIOLOGY    AND 

ECONOMICS. 
Germany    in    the     Nineteenth     Century.       By    A.     S. 

Peake,  B.  Bosanquet,  and  F.  Bonavia.  Second 
Series;  8vo,  256  pages.  Longmans,  Green  &  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

Socialism  as  the  Sociological  Ideal:  A  Broader 
Basis  for  Socialism.  By  Floyd  J.  Melvin,  Ph.D. 
12mo,  216  pages.  Sturgis  &  Walton  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Nation's  Library.  First  volumes:  Socialism 
and  Syndicalism,  by  Philip  Snowden,  M.P. ; 
Modern  Views  on  Education,  by  Thiselton  Mark, 
B.Sc.;  Eugenics,  by  Edgar  Schuster;  The  Prin- 
ciples of  Evolution,  by  Joseph  McCabe;  The 
Star  World,  by  A.  C.  de  la  Crommelin.  Each 
with  frontispiece,  16mo.  Baltimore:  Warwick 
&  York,  Inc.  Per  volume,  40  cts.  net. 

Retrospection  and  The  New  Pacific.  By  Hubert 
Howe  Bancroft.  Third  revised  editions;  8vo. 
New  York:  The  Bancroft  Co.  Per  set,  $4.  net. 

Money  and  Transportation  in  Maryland,  1720-1765. 
By  Clarence  P.  Gould,  Ph.D.  8vo,  176  pages. 
Baltimore:  The  Johns  Hopkins  Press.  Paper. 

THE    GREAT    AVAR  —  ITS    HISTORY,    PROBLEMS, 

AND   CONSEQUENCES. 
Russia  and  the  World:    A  Study  of  the  War  and  a 

Statement  of  the  World-problems  That  now  Con- 
front Russia  and  Great  Britain.  By  Stephen 
Graham.  Illustrated,  8vo,  305  pages.  Macmillan 
Co.  $2.  net. 

The  American  Army.  By  William  Harding  Carter. 
With  portrait,  8vo,  294  pages.  Bobbs-Merrill 
Co.  $1.50  net. 

The  World  Crisis  and  the  Way  to  Peace.  By  E. 
Ellsworth  Shumaker,  Ph.D.  12mo,  110  pages. 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  75  cts.  net. 

Modern  Warfare.  By  Henry  Smith  Williams,  LL.D. 
Illustrated,  Svo.  314  pages.  Hearst's  Interna- 
tional Library  Co.  $2.  net. 

In  a  Moment  of  Time:  Things  Seen  on  the  Bread- 
line of  Belgium.  By  Reginald  Wright  Kauffman. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  272  pages.  Moffat,  Yard  &  Co. 
$1.  net. 

Is  It  to  Be  Hate?  An  Essay  in  War-time.  By 
Harold  Picton;  with  Foreword  by  John  A.  Hob- 
son.  12mo,  32  pages.  London:  George  Allen  & 
Unwin,  Ltd.  Paper. 

The  King,  the  Kaiser,  and  Irish  Freedom.  By 
James  K.  McGuire.  Illustrated,  large  Svo,  313 
pages.  Devin-Adair  Co.  $1.35  net. 


274 


THE   DIAL 


[April  1 


RELIGION   AND   THEOLOGY. 
The    Early    Church.      By    George   Hodges.      8vo,    312 

pages.     Houghton   Mifflin  Co.     $1.75  net. 
Faith  and  Social  Service.      By  George  Hodges.      12mo, 

270  pages.     Macmillan  Co.     $1.25  net. 
The    Cross    and    Passion:     Good    Friday    Addresses. 

By  George  Hodges.     12mo,  76  pages.     Macmillan 

Co.     $1.  net. 
Dissenting  Academies  in  England.    By  Irene  Parker, 

M.A.     12mo,  168  pages.     G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 
The  Bible  and  Life.     By  Edwin  Holt  Hughes.    12mo, 

239  pages.     Methodist  Book  Concern.      $1.   net. 
Judaism    and    St.    Paul:     Two    Essays.      By    C.    G. 

Monteflore.      12mo,    240   pages.     E.   P.   Dutton   & 

Co.     $1.25  net. 
Commentary   on   the   Psalms,   Psalms    I — L.      By    E. 

Sylvester    Berry.      12mo,    377    pages.      Benziger 

Brothers.     $2.  net. 
The    Environment    of    Early    Christianity.       By     S- 

Angus,   Ph.D.      12mo,    240   pages.     Charles   Scrib- 

ner's  Sons.     75  cts.  net. 
The  Archbishop's  Test.     By  E.  M.  Green.     12mo,  107 

pages.     E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.     $1.  net. 
Nelson's     Explanatory     Testament:      With     Copious 

Notes    and    Comments    and    an    Introduction    to 

Each    Book.       "  Standard    Edition."      16mo,    356 

pages.     Thomas  Nelson  &  Sons. 
Liberal   Judaism   and   Social   Service.     By   Harry   S. 

Lewis,  M.A.     12mo,  159  pages.     New  York:    Bloch 

Publishing  Co.     $1.  net. 

BUSINESS  AND   COMMERCE. 

Advertising:     Selling   the   Consumer.      By   John  Lee 

Mahin.      12mo,    260    pages.      Doubleday,    Page    & 

Co.     $2.   net. 
Railroad  Accounting.     By  William  E.  Hooper.     8vo, 

461  pages.     D.  Appleton  &  Co.     $2.  net. 
The   New   Business.      By   Harry   Tipper.      12mo,    391 

pages.     Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.     $2.  net. 
The    Business    of    Advertising.      By    Earnest    Elmo 

Calkins.      Illustrated,  12mo,  363  pages.      D.  Apple- 
ton  &  Co.     $2.  net. 
How  to   Sell.     By  Nathaniel  C.   Fowler,   Jr.     12mo, 

317  pages.     A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.     $1.  net. 
American    Chambers    of     Commerce.       TR-"-    Kenneth 

Sturges,   M.A. ;    with   Preface  by  H.  A.   Garfleld. 

Large  8vo,  278  pages.    Moffat,  Yard  &  Co.    $2.  net. 
Getting     a     Start:      First     Aids     to     Success.       By 

Nathaniel  C.  Fowler,  Jr.     12mo,  247  pages.     Sully 

&  Kleinteich.     50  cts.  net. 

BOOKS   FOR  THE  YOUNG. 

A  Cadet  of  Belgium:  An  American  Boy  in  the 
Great  War.  By  Captain  Allan  Grant.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  286  pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co. 
60  cts.  net. 

Short  Plays  about  Famous  Authors:  Goldsmith, 
Dickens,  Heine,  Fannie  Burney,  Shakespeare. 
By  Maude  Morrison  Frank.  12mo,  144  pages. 
Henry  Holt  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

Biff  McCarty:  The  Eagle  Scout.  By  Edwin  Puller. 
With  frontispiece,  12mo,  297  pages.  The  Abing- 
don  Press.  $1.  net. 

The  Squirrel's  Pilgrim's  Progress:  A  Book  for 
Boys  and  Girls.  By  J.  D.  Williams.  Illustrated 
in  color,  etc.,  8vo,  174  pages.  Chicago:  Laird  & 
Lee.  75  cts.  net. 

The  Boy  from  Reifel's  Ranch.  By  J.  S.  Ellis.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  302  pages.  The  Abingdon  Press. 
$1.  net. 

EDUCATION. 

Montessori  Children.  By  Carolyn  Sherwin  Bailey. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  188  pages.  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

Making  the  Most  of  One's  Mind.  By  John  Adams, 
LL.D.  12mo,  290  pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co. 
$1.  net. 

The  "Wayward  Child:  A  Study  of  the  Causes  of 
Crime.  By  Hannah  Kent  Schoff.  '-'  Childhood 
and  Youth  Series."  12mo,  274  pages.  Bobbs- 
Merrill  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Teaching  of  History.  By  Oskar  Jaeger;  trans- 
lated by  H.  J.  Chaytor,  M.A.,  with  Introduction 
by  C.  H.  Firth,  M.A.  12mo,  228  pages.  A.  C. 
McClurg  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

Commercial  Education  in  Public  Secondary  Schools. 
By  F.  V.  Thompson.  12mo,  194  pages.  World 
Book  Co. 

Plant-Breeding.  By  L.  H.  Bailey;  revised  by  Ar- 
thur W.  Gilbert,  Ph.D.  "  Rural  Science  Series." 
New  edition;  illustrated,  8vo,  474  pages.  Mac- 
millan Co.  $2.  net. 

The  Elements  of  the  Short  Story.  By  Edward 
Everett  Hale,  Jr.,  and  Fredrick  T.  Dawson. 
16mo,  296  pages.  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

Plerrille.  By  Jules  Claretie;  edited  by  Victor  E. 
Francois,  Ph.D.  16mo,  173  pages.  D.  C.  Heath 
&  Co.  40  cts.  net. 


Old  Testament  Classics.  Selected  and  edited  by 
Charles  Elbert  Rhodes,  A.M.  "  Lake  English 
Classics."  16mo,  395  pages.  Scott,  Foresman 
&  Co. 

Macaulay's  Speeches  on  Copyright,  and  Lincoln's 
Address  at  Cooper  Institute,  with  Other  Ad- 
dresses and  Letters.  Edited  by  James  Fleming 
Hosic.  Illustrated,  16mo,  169  pages.  Henry  Holt 
&  Co. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Who  Built  the  Panama  Canal?  By  W.  Leon  Pep- 
perman.  Illustrated,  8vo,  419  pages.  E.  P. 
Dutton  &  Co.  $2.  net. 

Sketches  by  Samuel  Prout,  in  France,  Belgium,  Ger- 
many, Italy,  and  Switzerland.  Edited  by  Charles 
Holme;  text  by  Ernest  G.  Halton.  Illustrated 
in  color,  etc.,  4to.  "  The  International  Studio." 
John  Lane  Co. 

Bookbinding  and  Its  Auxiliary  Branches.  By  John 
J.  Pleger.  In  4  parts,  illustrated,  8vo.  Chicago: 
The  Inland  Printer  Co. 

Economic  Geography.  By  John  McFarlane,  M.A. 
With  maps,  8vo,  560  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$2.25  net. 

Commercial  Work  and  Training  for  Girls.  By 
Jeannette  Eaton  and  Bertha  M.  Stevens.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  289  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50  net. 

The  Tuberculosis  Nurse:  Her  Function  and  Her 
Qualifications.  By  Ellen  N.  La  Motte,  R.N.;  with 
Introduction  by  Louis  Hamman,  M.D.  12mo,  292 
pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.50  net. 

The  Truth  about  Twilight  Sleep.  By  Kama  Rion 
(Mrs.  Frank  Ver  Beck).  Illustrated,  12mo,  366 
pages.  McBride,  Nast  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Allusions,  Words,  and  Phrases  That  Should  Be 
Known  and  Where  to  Find  Them.  Compiled  by 
Florence  M.  Hopkins.  Second  edition,  revised 
and  enlarged;  12mo,  116  pages.  Detroit:  The 
Conover  Press.  Paper. 

Neighbours.  By  Herbert  Kaufman.  12mo,  144 
pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co.  75  cts.  net. 

Flies  in  Relation  to  Disease:  Bloodsucking  Flies. 
By  Edward  Hindle,  Ph.D.  8vo,  398  pages.  G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons. 

The  Art  of  Public  Speaking.  By  J.  Berg  Esenwein 
and  Dale  Carnagey.  "  The  Writer's  Library." 
12mo,  512  pages.  Springfield:  Home  Corre- 
spondence School. 

Prescriptions.  By  Richard  C.  Cabot;  selected  by 
Edith  Motter  Lamb.  16mo,  87  pages.  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co.  50  cts.  net. 


HpHE  Noh  Drama  of  Japan,  The 
A  Count  Fortsas  Library  Hoax,  and 
Ancient  Paper-Making  are  among  the  sub- 
jects that  will  receive  exhaustive  treatment 
during  1915  in  The  Miscellany.  They 
will  appear  in  addition  to  shorter  articles 
and  the  regular  book-reviews  and  notes. 
The  Miscellany  is  an  illustrated  literary  maga- 
zine endeavoring  to  present  its  material  in  better 
than  ordinary  format.  Now  in  its  second  year. 
Published  quarterly:  $1.00  per  year. 

THE  MISCELLANY 

17  Board  of  Trade  Bldg.,  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  U.  S.  A. 


GEORGE  INNESS 


Croivn  octavo.     Illustrated  in  color  and  photogravure. 
250  copies  on  Italian  handmade  paper  at  $12.50  net. 

"Must  take  first  place  as  a  document  of  the  personality, 
life  and  work  of  George  Inness." — International  Studio. 

"Mr.  Daingerfield  has  rendered  a  sterling  service  to 
students  of  George  Inness  in  particular  and  to  students 
of  American  art  in  general."  — Nenv  York  Tribune. 


FREDERIC  FAIRCHILD  SHERMAN 
1790  BROADWAY  NEW  YORK  CITY 


1915 


THE   DIAL 


275 


"The  Contribution  of  Professor  Royce 
to  Christian  Thought" 

By 

PROFESSOR  J.  W.  BUCKHAM  of  the  University  of  California 

in 

The  Harvard  Theological  Review  for  April 


ONE  OF  OUR  BOOK  BARGAINS 

Pausanias's 
Description  of  Greece 

Published  Price,  $35.00,  Our  Price,  $18.50 

THE  H.  R.  HUNTTING  CO.,  Springfield,  Mass. 


CATALOGUE  of  UNCOMMON  BOOKS 

Relating  to  the  American  Revolution,  Civil  War, 
Indians,  Lincoln,  Canada,  Etc. 

CATALOGUE  OF 

FIRST  EDITIONS  of  ENGLISH  and 
AMERICAN  AUTHORS 

Sent  on  request 

C.  GERH  ARDT  &  CO.,  1 20  East  59th  St.,  New  York 


THE 
BIBELOT 


1895-1915 


The  Bibelot  in  complete  sets 
is  sold  on  partial  payments 
and  immediate  delivery 
made  of  all  the  volumes  on 
terms  mutually  satisfactory 
to  publisher  and  purchaser. 


THOMAS  BIRD  MOSHER 

Portland,  Maine 


OUR  NEW  CLEARANCE 
CATALOGUE 


NOW  READY 


Issued  in  a  New  Form.     Contains  Over  750 
Titles.     Every  Title  Briefly  Described. 

In  so  great  a  number  of  books,  taken  from  the  over- 
stock of  the  largest  wholesale  dealers  in  the  books  of 
all  publishers,  you  will  surely  find  some  you  will 
want.  Shall  we  send  you  a  copy  of  the  Clearance 
Catalogue? 

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO. 

33-37  East  Seventeenth  Street          Union  Square  North 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


BOOKS,  AUTOGRAPHS,  PRINTS.    Catalogues  Free. 
R.  ATKINSON,  97  Sutherland  Road,  Forest  Hill,  LONDON,  ENGLAND. 


ALL   OUT-OF-PRINT    BOOKS    SUPPLIED. 

no  matter  on  what  subject.  Write  us.  We  can  get 
you  any  book  ever  published.  Please  state  wants.  Catalogue  free. 
BAKER'S  GREAT  BOOK  SHOP,  14-16  Bright  St.,  BIRMINGHAM,  Eno. 

BOOKS  AND  AUTOGRAPHS.  Catalogues  post  free.  First 
editions,  Natural  History,  Genealogy,  etc.  WILLIAM  BROWN, 
5  Castle  Street,  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  Established  1877. 

SECOND-HAND  BOOKS.    General  Literature,   ist  Editions. 

Enquiries  esteemed.    Frequent  catalogues  post  free. 

GORFIN,  82A,  CHARING  CROSS  ROAD,  LONDON,  W.  C. 

W.  HEFFER  &  SONS,  LTD. 

BOOKSELLERS 

CAMBRIDGE,  ENGLAND 

Just  issued,  Catalogue  No.  130.  History,  Philosophy,  Theology, 
Literature  and  Travel.  Catalogue  No.  131.  Books  on  India,  Central 
Asia,  The  Sudan,  etc.  Classified  catalogues  issued  regularly.  Let 
us  register  your  name  for  catalogues,  and  send  us  your  List  of 
Wants.  We  carry  an  immense  stock. 


The  Advertising  Representative  of  THE  DIAL 
in  England  is 

MR.  DAVID  H.  BOND 

407,  Bank  Chambers,  Chancery  Lane,  London,  W.  C., 

who  can  furnish  full  information  regarding  rates,  etc., 
and  through  whom  advertising  orders  may  be  sent. 


The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art 

announces  the  publication  of  a  HANDBOOK 

OF  THE  CESNOLA  COLLECTION  OF  AN- 
TIQUITIES FROM  CYPRUS,  by  John  L. 
Myres,  Wykeham  Professor  of  Oxford 
University.  Iv  +  596  pp.  ills.  pis.  map,  8vo. 
Price  $2,  postage  22  cents. 

The  most  important  publication  on  this  subject. 

Shortly  to  be  published: 

Catalogue  of  Greek,  Etruscan  and  Roman 

Bronzes  by  Gisela  M.  A.  Richter. 


"Swat  the  Fly!" 

By  Eleanor  Gates 

A  fantastic  one-act  comedy.    The  characters  are  a 

Doctor,  a  Woman  Inspector,  a  Boy  (her  son),  a 

Dog,  a  Horse,  a  Cat,  a  Rabbit,  a  Monkey  and  a 

Fly — the  villain!     A  strikingly  novel  effort  by  the 

brilliant  young  author  of  "THE  POOR  LITTLE 

RICH  GIRL."     A  book  that  thousands  will  buy. 

Cloth  Binding.    With  a  full  jacket  in  three  colors 

by  Everett  Shinn.   25  cents  net.   By  mail,  29  cents 


First  Printing  10,000- 


THE  ARROW  PUBLISHING  CO. 

116  West  59th  Street,  New  York 


Hinds  and  Noble.  31-33-35  We«t  15lh  St.,  N.  Y.  City.    Write  for  Catalogue. 


276 


THE   DIAL 


[April  1 


MRS.  RACHEL  WEST  CLEMENT 

Experienced  Authors'  Agent,  Reader  and  Critic,  Specializing  in  Short 

Stories.     Reading  fee,  $1.00  for  5,000  words  or  under,  includes  short 

criticism.  Circular!  on  request. 

6646  Germantown  Ave.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


OF  CELEBRITIES   BOUGHT  AND  SOLD 

Send  for  price  lists 

Walter  R.  Benjamin,  225  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 
Established  1887.    Pub.  The  Collector,  f  1.  a  year 


WILLIAM  DOXEY 

AUTHORS'  AND  PUBLISHERS*  LITERARY  AGENT 
535  S.  WABASH  AVENUE,  CHICAGO 

MANUSCRIPTS  READ  AND  REPORTED. ...  MANUSCRIPTS  PREPARED  FOR  THE 
PRESS  BY  SPECIALISTS....  EXPERT  ADVICE  ON  PUBLISHING. ...BOOK  COVERS 

ILLUSTRATIONS.. ..MERITORIOUS    MANUSCRIPTS   PLACED 

CORRESPONDENCE  INVITED 


Short -Story  Writing 

A  Coarse  of  forty  lessons  in  the  history, 
form,   structure,   and  writing  of  the 
Short-Story   taug[ht   by    Dr.   J.   Berg 
Esenwein,  Editor  of  Lippincott's  Magazine. 
One  student  writes:    "I  know  that  you  will 
be  phased  when  I  tell  you  that  I  have  just 
received  a  check  for  $125  from  'Everybody 's ' 
for  a  humorous  story.     They  ask  for  more. 
1  am  feeling  very  happy,  and  eery  grateful  to 
Dr.  Esenwein.' 

Also  courses  in  Photoplay  Writing,  Versi- 
fication and  Poetics,  Journalism.     In  all, 
over  One  Hundred  Courses,  under  profes- 
Dr.  Enawehi       Bors  in  Harvard,  Brown,  Cornell,  and  other 
leading  colleges. 

250-Page  Catalog  Free.     Please  Address 

The  Home  Correspondence  School 

Dept.  571  Springfield.  Mac*. 


Library  School 

of  the 

New  York  Public  Library 

Entrance  examinations,  June  4. 
One  year  course  for  certificate. 
Two  year  course  for  diploma. 

Send  to  M.  W.  PLUMMER,  Principal, 
476  Fifth  Avenue,  for  descriptive  circular 


The 
Guide 
to  the 

New 
Books 


The  A.  L.  A.  Booklist, 

the  annotated  monthly 
magazine  published  by 
the  American  Library 
Association  with  the 
co-operation  of  special- 
ists the  country  over. 

One  Dollar  the  Year 

78  EastWashington 
Street  Chicago 


FM      H  O I    I  Y   AUTHORS'  AND  PUBLISHERS' 
.  IV1 .    n \SLil* I  REPRESENTATIVE 

156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York          (  Kgl.ablishcd  1905J 
RATES  AND  FULL  INFORMATION  WILL  BE  SENT  ON  BEQUEST 


THE  NEW  YORK  BUREAU  OF  REVISION 

Thirty-fifth  Year.  LETTERS  OF  CRITICISM,  EXPERT 
REVISION  OF  MSS.  Advice  as  to  publication.  Address 
DR.  TITUS  M.  CO  AN,  424  W.  1 19th  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


FACTS,  STATISTICS 

and  other  material  for  addresses,  reports,  essays.  Literary 
advice  and  criticism.  Revision  and  correction  of  MSS.  Gen- 
ealogical research.  Bureau  of  Research,  New  Albany,  Ind 

MANUSCRIPTS 
CRITICISED       REVISED        PLACED 

N.  SHEPPARD 

149  WEST  14TH  STREET  NEW  YORK  CITY 

If  you  want  results  send  stamp  for  circular 


American  Short  Stories  and  Plays  wanted  for  Italy.  Russia. 
France.  Austria  and  Scandinavia. 

Expert  Criticism,  Translation  and  the  Placing  of  Manuscripts. 
Oldest    Established  Litersry  Agency  in  Europe. 
(Founded  in  1880  by  Paul  Hertzmann,  M.  A.,  Ph.  D.) 

Fees  (which  must  accompany  typed  manuscript  in  registered  letter)  as  follows: 
Two  dollars  for  Short  Story  under  3,000  words.     Five  dollars  for  Story  under 

10,000  words.     Ten  dollars  for  plays. 
THE  ITALIAN  LITERARY  AGENCY 

60  Piazza  di  Spagna,  Rome,  Italy 
"Experienced,  efficient."  Gabriele  D'Annunzio. 


MSS.  SUCCESSFULLY  PLACED 

Criticised,  Revised,  Typed 

Send  for  Leaflet  D 

References : 
Edwin  Markham  and  others.    Established  1890. 

UNITED  LITERARY  PRESS,  123  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 


THE  WRITER'S  BULLETIN 

A  JOURNAL  OF  INFORMATION  FOR 

LITERARY  WORKERS 
Gives  Each  Month  an  Up-to-Date  List  of  Manuscript  Markets 

INCLUDING  PHOTOPLAY 

Helps  You  Write,  Re-write  and  Sell 

75c  a  copy,  $1. SO  a  year,  trial  3  months  40c 

32  UNION  SQUARE,  EAST      -       -      NEW  YORK  CITY 


"SHORTTYPING" 

is  a  new  and  unique  system  of  abbreviated  writing  which  can  be 
written  either  with  a  pen  or  on  a  typewriter.  By  its  assistance  an 
hour's  typewriting  can  be  done  in  thirty  minutes.  Invaluable  for 
those  who  feel  the  need  of  saving  time  in  writing,  but  who  lack 
the  time  needed  to  master  stenography. 

Price,  cloth  bound,  $1.25,  postpaid. 

Descriptive  circular  free  upon  request. 

BLUE  STAR  PUBLISHING  CO..  261  Broadway.  New  York 


DARE  books  and  first  editions  collected 

and  arranged  for  people  who  are  too 

busy  to  attend  to  the  forming  of  libraries. 

Address  E.  V.,  Boston  Transcript 
BOSTON,  MASS. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


277 


A  New  Edition  of  a  Famous  Anthology 

Now  issued  in  a  beautiful  new  form  printed  on 
special  India  paper.  A  delightful  volume  in  every 
way,  the  thin  paper  making  a  compact  handy  size 
for  the  pocket  or  traveling  bag. 


Compiled  by 
FRANCIS  F.  BROWNE 

Editor  "Poems  of  the  Civil  Wtr," 

"  Laurel  Crowned  Ver«e,"  etc.; 

author  "Everyday  Life  of 

Lincoln,"  etc. 


GOLDEN  POEMS  contains  more  of 
everyone's  favorites  than  any  other  collection 
at  a  popular  price,  and  has  besides  the  very 
best  of  the  many  fine  poems  that  have  been 
written  in  the  last  few  years. 

GOLDEN  POEMS  (by  British  and 
American  Authors)  has  550  selections  from 
30O  writers,  covering  the  whole  range  of 
English  literature. 

GOLDEN  POEMS  is  a  fireside  volume 
for  the  thousands  of  families  who  love  poetry. 
It  is  meant  for  those  who  cannot  afford  all 
the  collected  works  of  their  favorite  poets  — 
it  offers  the  poems  they  like  best,  all  in  one 
volume. 

The  selections  in  GOLDEN  POEMSare 
classified  according  to  their  subjects:  BY  THE 
FIRESIDE;  NATURE'S  VOICES;  DREAMS 
AND  FANCIES;  FRIENDSHIP  AND  SYM- 
PATHY; LOVE;  LIBERTY  AND  PATRIOT- 
ISM; BATTLE  ECHOES;  HUMOR;  PATHOS 
AND  SORROW;  THE  BETTER  LIFE;  SCAT- 
TERED LEAVES. 

GOLDEN  POEMS,  with  its  wide  appeal, 
attractively  printed  and  beautifully  bound, 
makes  an  especially  appropriate  gift. 


Flexible  blue  cloth  binding,  red  under  gold  edges. 

$2. 75  net 
Full  brown  Morocco,   under  gold  edges,   $4.00  net 


A.  C.  McCLURG  &  CO. 


CHICAGO 


Can  You  Imagine 

a  friend,  interested  as  you  are  in  all  kinds  of 
literary  work,  who  would  come  to  you  fort- 
nightly to  discuss  your  writing  in  frank, 
common-sense  fashion? 

This  friend  would  not  talk  too  much  at  each  visit.  He 
would  not  keep  you  top  long  from  your  new  story  or  essay 
or  poem.  His  friendships  among  other  writers — successful 
and  aspiring  to  be  successful — and  among  editors  would 
be  such  that  he  would  refine  for  you,  in  preparation  for 
each  visit,  practical,  helpful  advice  from  these  folk  that 
would  send  you  to  your  desk  with  a  new  outlook  on  your 
work  and  new  inspiration  to  make  it  more  successful. 
This  friend  would  look  carefully  over  about  1 ,000  magazines 
each  month  to  discover  for  you  news  that  would  enaole  you 
to  keep  abreast  of  the  manuscript  requirements  of  editors. 
He  would  find  correspondents  who  would  glean  2,000  more 
magazines  and  papers  for  you  so  that  you  would  always 
know  in  advance  of  prize  contests,  changes  in  editorial 
policies,  suspensions,  changes  of  address,  requirements  of 
new  publications,  film  manufacturers,  etc.  Your  imagina- 
tion goes  no  further.  A  friend  of  this  admirable  type  would 
have  to  be  superhuman. 

There  is  such  a  friend — it's  a  very  human,  kindly 
little  magazine— THE  EDITOR,  which  makles 
profitable  and  pleasant  fortnightly  visits  to  the  elect 
of  the  writing  fraternity.  Be  one  of  the  elect — one 
of  those  who  elect  to  leave  nothing  undone  that  will 
contribute  to  success.  The  fee  is  $2.00  —  it  pays 
for  26  fortnightly  numbers  of  THE  EDITOR  for 
one  year.  (Single  copy  ten  cents.) 

THE  EDITOR 

BOX  509  RIDGEWOOD,  NEW  JERSEY 


"AT  McCLURG'S" 

It  is  of  interest  and  importance 
to  Librarians  to  know  that  the 
books  reviewed  and  advertised 
in  this  magazine  can  be  pur- 
chased from  us  at  advantageous 
prices  by 

Public  Libraries,  Schools, 
Colleges  and  Universities 

In  addition  to  these  books  we 
have  an  exceptionally  large 
stock  of  the  books  of  all  pub- 
lishers—a more  complete  as- 
sortment than  can  be  found  on 
the  shelves  of  any  other  book- 
store in  the  entire  country.  We 
solicit  correspondence  from 
librarians  unacquainted  with 
our  facilities. 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 

A.C.  McClurg  &  Co.,  Chicago 


278 


THE   DIAL 


[April  1 


You  Could  Not  Read 
10,000  Books  a  Year 

You  would  not  want  to  if  you  could,  but  you 
would  probably  like  to  know  which  of  them  were 
worth  reading. 

That  was  approximately  the  number  of  books 
published  last  year. 

We  read  them  all   and  sorted  out  the  best. 

We  will  do  the  same  this  year — that  is  the 
chief  business  of 

The  Book  News  Monthly 

and  besides  being  your  literary  critic,  we  intro- 
duce to  you,  in  an  intimate  manner,  the  authors 
of  to-day. 

We  tell  you  of  fascinating,  out-of-the-way 
places — the  sort  that  charm  the  traveler. 
We  give  serials  of  the  best  type  of  fiction — 
Twelve  authors'  portraits,  size  7  in.xlO  in. — 
Twelve  colored  frontispiece  pictures  worth 
framing. 

A  literary  guide,  and  a  magazine  of  entertain- 
ment and  instruction  for  $1.00  a  year,  10  cents 
a  copy. 

Sample  copy  on  request. 

THE  BOOK  NEWS  MONTHLY 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


The  Editorial  of  a  Decade 

"The  New  Republic's  editorial  (on  Lincoln, 
Feb.  6  issue)  has  been  reprinted  in  more 
American  newspapers  than  any  other  writing 
done  in  the  past  ten  years." — Montgomery 
(Ala.)  Advertiser. 

This  within  the  first  four  months  of  publica- 
tion is  the   highest  possible   claim   on  the 
interest  of  the  intelligent  reader.  The  New 
Republic  is  sharp  but  good-natured — radical 
but  well-balanced;  constructive   and  opti- 
mistic; and  of  true  literary  merit.    It  plays 
no  favorites,  respects  no  taboos,  urges  no 
"panaceas."    It  is  a  weekly  for  all 
thinking  Americans. 

Three  months'  trial  subscription  will  be  sent 
for  One  Dollar 

Mention  The  Dial. 

THE  NEW  REPUBLIC 

421  West  Twenty-First  Street 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


WOULD  it  not  be  worth  two  dollars  to 
you  to  receive  one  hundred  and  sixty 
pictures  (most  of  them  full  page),  splendidly 
reproduced  from  the  etchings,  engravings, 
lithographs  and  drawings  of  the  Great 
Masters  of  the  past  and  present,  together 
with  full  descriptive  and  critical  text  by  the 
foremost  authorities  of  the  world  ? 

The  Print-Collector's 
Quarterly 

now  in  its  fifth  year,  affords  you  this  oppor- 
tunity. It  is,  moreover,  the  only  journal  in 
English  devoted  exclusively  to  prints. 

FITZROY  CARRINGTON,  Editor 

Published  for  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston 
Subscription  Price,  $2.00  a  Year 

A  Special  Offer:  A  year's  subscription  to  The  Print- 
Collector's  Quarterly  and  a  copy  of  "Prints  :  A 
Brief  Review  of  Their  Technique  and  History" 
by  Emil  H.  Richter  (list-price  $2.00),  both  for 
$3.00. 

HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  COMPANY 

4  PARK  STREET  BOSTON,  MASS. 


What  "Every  Column  Clean" 
Means  in 

Detroit  Saturday  Night 

IT  is  the  approved  standard  of  journalism 
that  maintains  the  same  supervision  over 
the  advertising  columns  as  is  maintained 
over  the  editorial  columns.  It  is  the  stand- 
ard which  makes  it  possible  for  the  publisher 
to  guarantee  every  representation  of  the 
advertiser.  Consequently  the  reader  of  such 
a  journal  has  a  degree  of  confidence  in  the 
advertising  columns  which  does  not  prevail 
in  the  publication  which  permits  the  adver- 
tiser to  mislead  and  defraud  its  readers. 
This  should  be  a  standard  invaluable  to  the 
book  publisher  and  the  book  advertiser. 
Detroit  Saturday  Night  has  the  confidence 
of  the  book  readers  of  Detroit  and  Michigan . 
Its  readers  will  buy  the  books  that  are  adver- 
tised in  this  publication's  columns  because 
they  have  confidence  in  Detroit  Saturday 
Night's  judgment  in  the  acceptance  of 
advertisements.  That  is  the  sort  of  publi- 
cation you  ought  to  make  your  announce- 
ments in,  Mr.  Publisher. 

DETROIT  SATURDAY  NIGHT 

Detroit 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


279 


ANNOUNCEMENT  EXTRAORDINARY 

President  Wilson 

will  deliver  through  HARPER'S  WEEKLY  a  message  of  importance  and  interest  to 
every  American  citizen,  in  an  early  issue,  unless  unforeseen   circumstances   arise. 


THE  WAR  AND  AMERICA 


ALSO  IN  FORTHCOMING 
ISSUES  A  SERIES  ON 

THE  FOLLOWING  WILL  CONTRIBUTE: 
WILLIAM  G.  McADOO,          HENRY  L.  STIMSON,  HUDSON  MAXIM, 

Secretary  of  the  treasury  Former  Secretary  of  War 

CHARLES  M.  SCHWAB,    FRANKLIN  K.  LANE, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior 

LINDLEY  M.  GARRISON, 

Secretary  of  ffar 

DAVID  STARR  JORDAN, 

Educator,  Peace  Advocate 

MAX  EASTMAN, 

Editor,  Radical 


Financier, 
President  Bethlehem  Steel  Co. 

GEORGE  von  L.  MEYER, 

Former  Secretary  of  the  Navy 

SAMUEL  L.  GOMPERS, 

President, 
American  Federation  of  Later 


Inventor,  Expert  on  Expletives 

LOUIS  D.  BRANDEIS, 

Efficiency  Expert  for  the  People 

WILLIAM  B.  WILSON, 

Secretary  of  Labor 

JOSEPHUS  DANIELS, 

Secretary  of  the  Navy 


GIFFORD  PINCHOT, 

Conservationist 

WILLIAM  KENT, 

Only  Congressman 
Without  a  Party 

DAVID  F.  HOUSTON, 

Secretary  of  Agriculture 


D4I 


Other  names  of  equal  importance  will  be  added  to  the  list  as  the  series  proceeds.     We  believe  that  this  series,  covering 
the  aspect  of  the  war  which  is  of  deepest  importance  to  Americans,  will  be  of  extraordinary  interest  to  every  reader. 


NORMAN  HAPGOQD  expects  to  be  in  Europe  to  get  for  Harper's  Weekly  readers,  not  the  usual  thread- 
bare war  stuff,  but  the  inside  situation,  the  actual  conditions  of  the  nations,  about  which  we  in  America  have 
been  told  next  to  nothing,    MR.  HAPGOOD'S  ARTICLES  WILL  APPEAR  IN  THE  COURS  E 
OF  THE  SERIES. 

A  dollar  bill  will  bring  you  HARPER'S  WEEKLY 
during  the  three  months  of  the  series. 


MAIL  THE  COUPON 


HARPER'S 
WEEKLY,  251 
Fourth  Av.,N.Y.C. 

I  want  the  series  about  the 
War  and  America.    For  this 
coupon  and  the  enclosed  $1.00, 
send  me  Harper's  Weekly  for  the 
next  3  months  —  1  3  issues. 


Address. 


SEND  FIFTY  CENTS  IN  STAMPS   FOR  THREE  MONTHS'  TRIAL  SUBSCRIPTION 


FOR  APRIL  IS  NOW  READY 


BY  GRACE  OF  BATTLE.     Frank  Ernest  Hill. 
HIS  SURRENDER.     Mary  Louise  Day. 

THE  WAR  OF  THE  EUROPEAN  CULTURES. 
J.  Salwyn  Schapiro. 

AN  ARTIST'S  MORALITY.     Horace  Holley. 

SEEKING  THE  SHADE  OF  WILLIAM  JAMES. 
M.  H.  Hedges. 

LIBERTY  AND  LICENSE.     H.  M.  Aubrey. 

IN  THE   KEY  OF   BLUE.     Georgiana  Goddard 
King. 

LIFE'S  PRIMAL  ARCHITECTS.     E.  Douglas 
Hume. 


MITCHELL  KENNERLEY 


THE  PHARISEE.     Dorothy  Landers  Beall. 
CRYING  FOR  THE  MOON.  Bruce  F.  Cummings. 

HIGHBROW    AND    LOWBROW.      Van   Wyck 
Brooks. 

MORE  ABOUT  "INSPIRED  MILLIONAIRES." 
William  MacDonald. 

THE  MADDENING  MR.  MEREDITH.   Elizabeth 
Frazer. 

SANDS  MacCREE.     Louise  Townsend  Nicholl. 
THE  DOUBLE  MIRACLE.     Robert  Garland. 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
EDITORIAL  NOTES. 

Publisher,  NEW  YORK 


280 


THE    DIAL 


[April  1,  1915 


"VICTORY" 

By 

Joseph  Conrad 

"  Victory  "  tells  the  romance 
of  Axel  Heyst  and  Lena,  the 
girl  from  a  traveling  Ladies' 
Orchestra,  and  their  strange 
life  on  the  deserted  South  Sea 
Island  of  Samburan. 

Cut  off  from  civilization  ex- 
cept for  the  monthly  passing  of 
a  trading  vessel,  they  live  there 
undisturbed  until  the  sinister 
descent  upon  the  island  of  those 
ill-omened  messengers  of  the 
outside  world,  "  plain  Mr. 
Jones "  and  Ricardo.  Then 
for  the  first  time  the  tender- 
ness and  pathos  of  this  strange 
romance  is  unveiled  to  the 
reader. 

The  appeal  in  "  Victory "  is 
universal.  It  is  the  story  of  a 
woman's  love,  superb  in  its 
faith  and  triumph,  told  in  a 
simple,  direct  style  that  is  the 
antithesis  of  his  last  novel, 
"  Chance." 

Just  out.    Net,  $1.35 

Two   Editions   Before   Publication 

Doubleday,  Page  &  Co. 
Garden  City  New  York 


"A  narrative  that  gets  under  way  on 
the  very  first  page,  and  proceeds  unin- 
terruptedly to  a  sforzando  and  melo- 
dramatic close.  Conrad  applies  to  the 
unfolding  of  it  all  the  resources  of  his 
extraordinary  art,  and  particularly  all 
his  gift  for  the  dark,  the  threatening, 
the  sinister. 

"From  the  moment  that  Jones  and 
Ricardo  reach  the  crazy  island  jetty, 
sun -blistered,  purple -faced,  half  dead 
of  thirst — from  this  moment  to  the  last 
scene  of  all,  there  is  no  halting  or  turn- 
ing aside. 

"Put  upon  paper  by  a  lesser  man  it 
would  become  a  mere  penny-dreadful. 
But  as  it  is  told  by  Conrad  it  takes  on 
the  Homeric  proportions  of  an  epic,  a 
saga.  Told  in  a  straightforward,  almost 
bald  manner,  with  no  apparent  effort 
to  build  up  effects,  it  yet  leaves  upon  the 
mind  a  picture  almost  as  vivid  and  as 
haunting  as  that  left  by  Heart  of  Dark- 
ness. It  is  closer  to  the  conventional 
novel  than  anything  else  he  has  done, 
and  yet  it  is  full  of  his  characteristic 
touches. '' 

H.L.MENCKEN 

In  the  April  "Smart  Set" 


PRESS  OF  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY 


THE 


TAT, 


A  FORTNIGHTLY  JOURNAL  OF 

ttartr  Criticism,  gisrussi0n,  antr  Information 


FOUNDED  BY  I  Volume  LVIII.  r»TTTr<Ar<ri     AP"RTT    IP;    1Q1£ 

FRANCIS   F.BROWNE    f         No.  69?.  \jOJi\jA\J\J,  AJTXVlAJ  1O,   1»1O. 


IMPORTANT  SCRIBNER  BOOKS 


John  Galsworthy 


in  THE  LITTLE  MAN  AND  OTHER  SATIRES 
includes  most  penetrating  studies  of  types  of 
all  sorts  and  conditions.  The  sketches  are  all 
satirical,  yet  none  of  them  suggest  cynicism; 
charity,  sympathy  and  high  appreciation  are 
salient.  $1.30  net. 


James  Huneker 


in  NEW  COSMOPOLIS  writes  of  New  York  as 
it  strikes  the  artist  and  the  critic — the  fabulous 
"East  Side,"  which  Mr.  Huneker  contends  is 
mythical,  the  parks,  the  waterways,  restaurants, 
theatres,  museums,  the  types  of  the  people;  in 
fact,  the  metropolitan  fringe  is  followed  as  far  as 
Coney  Island .  $  1 . 50  net . 


John    Finl 


e  y 


in  THE  FRENCH  IN  THE  HEART  OF 
AMERICA  has  produced  a  veritable  epic  of 
the  Middle  West.  He  shows  that  such  cities 
as  Chicago,  Detroit,  St.  Louis  and  many  others 
have  histories  as  romantic  as  many  of  the  towns 
of  Europe.  $2.50  net. 


Elizabeth   Miller 


in  DAYBREAK  has  written  a  story  of  the  age 
of  discovery;  a  splendid  historical  novel  glowing 
with  the  brilliancy  of  fifteenth  century  Spain. 
The  discovery  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  by 
Columbus  is  one  of  the  episodes.  $1.35  net. 


Mrs,  Francis  King 


in  THE  WELL-CONSIDERED  GARDEN 
writes  from  a  wide  experience  and  a  sure  taste 
of  color  harmony,  design,  borders,  spring  and 
summer  flowers,  garden  accessories  —  almost 
everything,  in  fact,  pertaining  to  the  flower 
garden.  A  thoroughly  practical  book.  $2.00  net. 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 

FIFTH  AVENUE  AT  48TH  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


282 


THE   DIAL 


[  April  15 


E.  P.  BUTTON  &  CO.'S  BSPBSS 

The  Human  German 

Trees  and  Shrubs 

The  Solitaries  of  the 

By    EDWARD    EDGEWORTH. 

Hardy  in  the  British  Isles 

Sambuca 

Written  before  the  war,  full  of  delight- 

By W.  J.  BEAN,  of  Kew  Gardens. 

By  DANIEL  MAULDSLEY. 

ful  humor,  free  from  bitterness,  this 
is  a  most  penetrating,  comprehensive, 
and  entertaining  picture  of  the  civili- 
zation with  which  Germany  desires  to 
bless  the  not  wholly  receptive  world. 

A  superbly  illustrated  work  of  the 
highest  value  to  every  land-owner. 
In  two  volumes,  with  64  plates  and 
over  250  line  drawings.  Net,  $15.  OO 

Prefatory     Note     by     Montgomery 
Carmichael. 
An  extraordinarily  interesting  study 
of  a  search  for  the  Will  of  God. 
Net,  $2.00 

Net,  $3.  OO 

Practical  Tropical  Sanitation 

Practical  Mysticism 

Who  Built  the  Panama  Canal 

By  LEON  PEPPERMAN. 
Illustrated  by  JOSEPH  PENNELL. 

By  W.  A.  MUIRHEAD. 

A  competent,  clear  manual  for  every 
one  interested  in  the  prevention  of 
disease,  in  Tropical  and  sub-Tropical 

By  EVELYN  UNDERBILL, 
Author  of  "Mysticism."  etc. 
For  the  great  general  public  this  is 
the  true  key  to  mystic  power,  pro- 

A wealth  of  crisply  informative  data 

countries.     Especially  useful  to  sani- 

vided by  its  most  eminent  modern 

highly  interesting  the  economist,  the 

tary  inspectors.     Fully  illustrated. 

interpreter.                          Net,  $1.OO 

man  of  trade,  and  the  lover  of  fair 
play.     A     German     engineer     who 

Net,  $3.50 

William  Blake     Poet  and  Mystic 

knows  efficiency  calls  it  "the  fore- 
most   of    all    books    on    that    great 

Reptiles  and  Batrachians 

By  P.  BERGER. 

Pronounced   by    Swinburne,    on    its 

project.  " 

By  E.  G.  BOULENGER.    Net,  $6.  00 

first    appearance    in    French,    "the 

With  27  photogravures.  Net,  $2.00 

An  unusually  readable  and  at  the 

last  word"  on  the  poet-mystic. 

same  time  fully  authentic  account  of 

Net,  $5.  00 

The  Origins  and  Destiny 

the  habits,  homes,  and  life  histories 
of   the   known   varieties   of   snakes 

Social  Reform 

of  Imperial  Britain 

turtles,  etc. 

By  W.  H.  MALLOCK. 
The  realities  and  delusions  of  modern 

By  Prof.  J.  A.  CRAMB. 
The  most  thrilling,  inspiring  analysis 

Antarctic  Adventures 

reform  are  clearly  brought  out  in  this 
examination  of  the  Increase  and  Dis- 

in print  of  those  high  national  ideals 

By  RAYMOND  PRIESTLEY. 

tribution   of  Wealth   from    1801    to 

for  which  Britain  is  justified  in  mak- 

The thrilling  adventures  of  Scott's 

IQIO.                         Cloth,  Net,  $2.25 

ing  war.                               Net,  $1.  50 

Northern  Party  so  long  given  up  for 

lost.                                    Net,  $S.  OO 

NEW  FICTION 

Germany  and  England 

By  Prof.  J.  A.  CRAMB. 

A  First  Year  in  Canterbury 

The  Little  Mother 

Accepted   everywhere   as   the   most 

Settlement 

Who  Sits  at  Home 

valuable  book  on  the  deeper  causes 
of    the    war.     Over    130,000    copies 
have  been  sold.                 Net,  $1.00 

Modern  Germany 

By  SAMUEL  BUTLER. 
Vivid  letters  written  by  the  author  of 
"Erewhon"  during  an  early  visit  to 
New  Zealand.                    Net,  $1.50 

By  Countess  BARCYNSKA. 
"  One  of  the  most  exquisite  of  tributes 
to  motherhood     .     .     .     which 
every  mother  and  every  mother's  son 
should  read."  —  Boston  Transcript. 

By  J.  ELLIS  BARKER. 
A  new  edition  revised  to  date  of  the 
best  summary  in  print  of  Germany's 

The  Underlying  Principles 
of  Modern  Legislation 

Net,  $1.  00 

A  Green  Englishman 

By  S.  MACNAUGHTAN. 

problems  and  policies,  the  causes  of 

By  W.  JETHRO  BROWN,  LL.D. 

Vivid  and  entertaining  stories  of  life 

her  succesess   and   failures.     An   in- 

Unusual in  legal  literature  for  the 

in  Canada  of  to-day.        Net,  $1.35 

comparably  useful  book.  Net,  $3.  OO 

fairness  and  fulness  with  which  the 
purely  human  point  of  view  is  con- 

Prince and  Heretic 

War:  Its  Conduct  and 

sidered.     Every  legislator,  official  or 

By  MARJORIE  BOWEN. 

Its  Legal  Results 

volunteer,  should  master  it. 
Net,  $2.25 

A  romance  of  singular  richness  and 
power,  with  the  great  William  the 

By  THOMAS  BATY,  LL.D.,  D.C.L., 

Silent  as  hero.                   Net,  $1.35 

and  Professor  J.  H.  MORGAN. 
A  critical  study  of  emergency  legisla- 
tion; neutrality;  the  laws  of  war;  and 

Hermaia.  A  Study  of  Com- 
parative Esthetics. 

Lovers  in  Exile 

By  Baroness  VON  HEYKING. 

a  complete  study  of  the  effect  of  war 

By  COLIN  McALPIN. 

Passion  and  German  Foreign-Office 

on  commercial  relations.  Net,  $3.50 

An  attempt  to  systematize  the  world 

intrigue  woven  into  a  moving  love- 

War  and  Lombard  Street 

By  HARTLEY  WITHERS. 
A  forceful,  lucid  explanation  of  the 

of  art  ;  to  establish  the  reign  of  law  in 
the  realm  of  beauty,  especially  in  the 
field  of  music  to  establish  a  canon  of 
criticism.                            Net,  $3.50 

story.                                  Net,  $1.35 

The  Letters  Which 
Never  Reached  Him 

widespread  shock  of  the  war  in  public 
finance.      ,                         Net,  $1.25 

The  English  Essay 

By  Baroness  VON  HEYKING. 

A  new  edition  of  these  beautiful  and 

The  British  Navy 

and  Essayists 

sympathetic    letters    to    an    absent 
lover.                                  Net,  $1.35 

By  ERNEST  PROTHEROE. 
A  very  readable  account  of  the  mak- 

By HUGH  WALKER. 
An  important  addition  to  the  series 
already  including  Dr.  Schelling's  The 

King  Jack 

By  KEIGHLEY  SNOWDEN. 

ing  and  the  meaning  of  that  from 
which  Britain  has  always  drawn  her 

English    Drama,    Saintsbury's    The 
English  Novel,  Rhys's  English  Lyric 

The    story    of    one    of    Yorkshire's 
famous  "wilful  gentlemen." 

sense  of  security. 
8  color  plates  and  289  illustrations. 

Poetry,  etc.                        Net,  $1.50 

Net,  $1.35 

Net,  $2.50 

Your  Opportunity  to  Keep  at  Hand  an  Up-to-Date  Adequate  Reference  Work 

Schools  of  To-Morrow 

By  JOHN  DEWEY. 

$6  ISS  Everyman  Encyclopedia  $10  Hffi 

A  study  of  actual  schools  in  which 

Complete  in  twelve  vo  umes.     When  opening 

modern  theories  of  education  are  be- 
ing thoroughly  worked  out. 

flHD     IN  CLOTH       your  summer  home  remember  what  a  conve-    ff[-|  r\  QUARTER 
kJXJ  REINFORCED     nience  it  will  be  to  have  always  available  this    14)  _L^   PIGSKIN 

Net,  $1.50 

most  useful  and  compact  work  of  reference. 

E.  P.  DUTTON  &  CO.,  Publishers,  681  5th  Ave.,  NEW  YORK 

1915] 


THE   DIAL 


283 


DOR AN "S  NEW  BOOKS 


THE  VALLEY  OF  FEAR 


The  Biggest  Sherlock  Holmes  Story 


gy   /^ 

"  said  I. 


"/  am  inclined  to  think- 
"  I  should  do  so,"  Sherlock  Holmes  remarked  impa- 
tiently. He  took  the  envelope,  held  it  up  to  the  light  and 
very  carefully  studied  both  the  exterior  and  the  flap. 
"It  is  Porlock's  writing"  said  he,  thoughtfully.  "  The 
Greek  e  is  distinctive." 

The  curtain  is  up!  Holmes  and  Watson  on  the  stage! 
The  reader  settles  down  with  a  contented  sigh  to  the 
strangest  mystery  ever  solved  by  Holmes— THE  VAL- 
LEY OF  FEAR  — a  plot  made  and  laid  in  America. 

Color  illustrations  by  Arthur  I.  Keller        Net  $1.25 


THE  EAGLE  OF  THE  EMPIRE 

By  Cyrus  Townsend  Brady 

A  story  of  Waterloo  —  fought  just  a  hundred  years  ago  — 
and  of  the  man  Napoleon,  suffering,  weary,  rousing  to 
victory  as  to  wine,  and  stirring  a  young  soldier  to  youth's 
glory  of  hero  worship.  A  clear  heroic  note,  and  a  love 
story  with  all  the  charm  of  "the  American  Dumas." 
Color  illustrations  by  The  Kinneys.  Net  $1.35 

RED  FLEECE 

By  Will  Levington  Comfort 

"Berthe  is  a  woman  of  the  future,  strong  and  sweet  and 
entirely  honest.  As  for  Peter,  it  is  easy  to  understand 
why  men  loved  him  as  well  as  the  one  woman.  A  man 
brave  and  clean  and  finely  poised,  with  something  of  the 
boy  in  him  and  something  of  the  woman.  An  exciting 
tale,  full  of  movement  and  color,  admirable  portrayal  of 
character,  romance,  vivid  pictures  of  men  and  events." — 
New  York  Times.  Net  $1.25 


ARUNDEL 


By  E.  F.  Benson 


"Elizabeth  Fanshawe  has  the  natural  wit  and  gaiety  of 
1  Dodo, '  but  far  more  heart,  more  soul  and  more  intellect 
than  that  vivacious  lady  could  boast  of." — The  Field. 

Net  $1.25 

PATHS  OF  GLORY  By  Irvin  S.  Cobb 

"A  human  book.  The  man  who  wrote  it  is  a  big  man,  big 
in  his  ability  to  crystallize  the  swiftly-moving  scenes  of  a 
world-drama  into  eternal  form." — Boston  Post. 

Net  $1.50 

AT  ALL  BOOKSELLERS- 


JAMES 

By  W.  Dane  Bank 

"The  sharply  realistic 

story  of  a  hard-driving 

business  man  of  to-day, 

who  sacrifices  even  love  to  getting  ahead — 

delightfully  frank." — Pittsburgh  Dispatch. 

THE  WODEN  HORSE  V/  $I'2S 

By  Hugh  Walpole 

The  man  who  refused  to  be  submerged  by 
his  dull  family,  chronicled  by  the  author 
of  THE  DUCHESS  OF  WREXE. 

MUSHROOM  TOWN     Net  $I'25 

By  Oliver  Onions 

The  romance  of  a  boom-town.  "As  de- 
scriptive writing,  minute  in  detail  yet 
broad  in  sweep,  the  book  is  in  the  true 
sense  unique. " — The  Outlook.  Net  $1.25 

THE  THEATRE  OF  IDEAS 


By  Henry  Arthur  Jones 

The  amateur  uplifters  of  the  stage  gaily 
burlesqued  in  a  clever  introduction  preced- 
ing three  remarkable  short  plays.  Net  $1.00 

THE  VEILS  OF  ISIS 


By  Frank  Harris 

Short  stories  that  shatter  the  conven- 
tional moulds  and  give  out  their  own 
strange  and  enthralling  perfume  of  genius. 

NEIGHBOURS  Net  $1.25 


By  Herbert  Kaufman 

Are  you  a  neighbour  to  your  children,  or 
their  tyrant?  Do  you  know  the  kind  of 
home  to  which  your  stenographer  goes? 
Kaufman  forcibly  shows  you  to  yourself. 

Net  $0.75 


GEORGE  H.  DORAN  COMPANY,  New  York 


284 


THE   DIAL 


[  April  15 


Books  of  Literary  and  Scholarly  Interest  From  the  Recent  Publications  of 

Yale  University  Press 


209  Elm  Street,  New  Haven,  Conn. 


225  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City 


BRACTON:  DE  LEGIBUS  ET  CONSUETUDINIBUS  ANGLIAE. 

Edited  by  GEORGE  E.  WOODBINE,  Assistant  Professor  of  History  in  Yale  College.     (Yale  Historical 
Publications.    Series  II.) 

The  names  of  Bracton  and  Blackstone  are  the  greatest  in  the  history  of  English  legal  writing.  Yet  Bracton's 
DE  LEGIBUS  ET  CONSUETUDINIBUS  ANGLIAE,  the  most  important  legal  work  of  the  Middle  Ages,  has  never  before 
been  edited  with  adequate  care. 

Professor  Woodbine 's  work  is  based  upon  a  thorough  study  of  all  the  extant  manuscripts  of  the  treatise  in  accordance 
with  the  tenets  of  modern  historical  criticism.  His  extensive  research  shows  that  many  passages  in  former  printed  editions 
have  no  rightful  place  in  Bracton's  book.  Nothing  has  been  left  undone  to  make  as  perfect  as  possible  this  edition,  which 
will,  without  doubt,  prove  to  be  the  final  one  of  this  great  work.  It  is  to  be  issued  in  six  volumes,  of  which  the  first  is  now 
ready.  Vol.  I.  Imperial  8vo.  Board  Binding.  422  pages.  Price,  $3.00  net,  carriage  extra.  (Circular  upon  request.) 


THE  DIVINE  COMEDY.  Trans- 
lated by  HENRY  JOHNSON,  Director  of  the 
Bowdoin  Museum  of  Fine  Arts. 

Professor  Johnson  has  availed  himself  of  the  freedom 
of  blank  verse  to  make  his  work  flexible  and  therefore 
easily  read  and  understood.  He  has  succeeded  remark- 
ably in  his  attempt  to  render  Dante's  meaning  as  def- 
initely as  possible. 

I2tno.  Cloth  binding.  436  pages.  Price,  $2.50  net, 
postpaid. 


FAIRYLAND. 


By  BRIAN   HOOKER,   M.A. 

This,  the  book  of  the  opera,  is  full  of  a  meaning  and 
charm  which  proves  it  worthy  of  its  name  and  of  the 
honor  which  has  been  awarded  it. 

Mr.  Hooker  has  created  a  grown-up's  fairyland 
which  is  as  charming  as  those  which  children  imagine 
to  themselves. 

I2tno.  Cloth  binding.  137  pages.  Price,  $1.00  net, 
postpaid. 


CRITICAL  ESSAYS  of  THE  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY,  1700-1725. 

Edited  by  WILLARD  H.  DURHAM,  Ph.D.,  Instructor  in  English  in  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School, 
Yale  University. 

The  first  quarter  of  the  eighteenth  century  witnessed  the  publication  of  a  number  of  valuable  literary  criticisms, 
which  have  since  become  so  rare  as  to  be  inaccessible  save  in  one  or  two  large  libraries.  It  has  remained  for  Dr.  Durham 
to  assemble  them  from  their  remote  shelyes  and  to  group  them  in  the  present  volume,  with  enough  of  those  better  known  to 
represent  fairly  the  various  types  of  English  critical  thought  current  at  that  time.  Taken  together  thus,  the  essays  shed  new 
light  on  the  period  and  lead  to  new  deductions  which  make  necessary  a  reconsideration  of  many  generalizations  which  have 
heretofore  been  commonly  received.  8vo.  Cloth  binding.  445  pages.  Price,  $1.75  net,  postpaid. 


THE  FUNDAMENTAL  BASIS 
OF  NUTRITION.  By  GRAHAM 

LUSK,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Physiology,  Cornell 
University  Medical  College,  and  Scientific  Direc- 
tor of  the  Russell  Sage  Institute  of  Pathology. 

"Patients  and  laymen  often  ask  for  simple  books 
on  the  theory  of  diet,  and  to  such  inquirers  this  brochure 
can  be  entirely  recommended.  The  position  and  rep- 
utation of  Professor  Lusk  are  sufficient  guarantee  of  the 
scientific  accuracy  and  value  9f  the  matter  presented, 
though  the  presentation  is  so  simple  that  every  one  can 
follow  it.  Persons  who  cannot  realize  the  importance 
of  a  knowledge  of  calories  'must  be  reasoned  with  and 
persuaded  to  listen.'  They  cannot  do  better  than  begin 
with  these  lectures." — The  Lancet  (England). 

(Second  Printing.)  I2mo.  Cloth  binding.  62  pages. 
Index.  Price,  50  cents  net,  postpaid. 


SCIENCE  AND  RELIGION: 

THE  RATIONAL  AND  THE  SUPER- 
RATIONAL.  An  address  delivered  before  the  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  Association  in  the  City  of  New  York 
by  Professor  Cassius  J.  Keyser,  Adrian  Professor 
of  Mathematics  at  Columbia  University. 

"We  have  here  an  original  and  striking  application 
of  geometric  processes  to  problems  of  religion.  President 
Hibben  in  expressing  his  admiration  for  this  little  volume 
casually  remarked  to  the  present  reviewer  that  he  wished 

every  alumnus  of  Princeton  might  read  it This  bare 

abstract  can  give  no  idea  of  the  distinction  of  Professor 
Keyser 's  style,  the  subtlety  of  his  logic,  the  aptness  of 
his  illustrations  and  the  subdued  fervor  of  his  thinking. 
The  little  essay  thrills  with  the  amor  intellectualis  of  the 
great  mystics." 

— J.  Duncan  Spaeth  in  The  Princeton  Alumni  Weekly. 

I2mo.  Cloth  binding.  Gilt  top.  80  pages.  Price, 
75  cents  net,  postpaid. 


POEMS.    By  BRIAN  HOOKER,  M.A. 

This  first  volume  of  Brian  Hooker 's  verse  will  realize^  the  reading  public 's  high  expectation  of  his  talent,  based  on 
his  fugitive  pieces  as  well  as  on  his  success  in  the  opera  field.  His  poetry  is  marked  by  a  surety  of  touch,  a  sincerity  of  purpose 
and  a  felicity  of  expression  as  rare  in  contemporary  verse  as  it  is  welcome.  While  it  covers  a  wide  range  of  feeling  and  is 
expressed  in  several  lyric  forms,  not  once  is  there  a  surrender  in  the  poet 's  lofty  conception  of  his  task  nor  the  eager  upright- 
ness of  his  philosophy.  izmo.  Cloth  binding.  146  pages.  Price,  $1.00  net,  postpaid. 

CONSERVATION  OF  WATER  BY  STORAGE.  By  GEORGE  FILLMORE 

SWAIN,  LL.D.,  GORDON  McKAY  Professor  of  Civil  Engineering,  Harvard  University.  (Chester  S. 
Lyman  Lectures,  delivered  at  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School,  Yale  University.) 

Professor  Swain  acted  as  chairman  of  the  Water  Power  Committee  of  the  Fourth  Conservation  Congress  and,  both 
before  and  since,  he  has  investigated  the  subject  of  Water  Conservation  and  given  it  his  very  careful  consideration. 

The  volume  opens  with  a  chapter  on  the  general  subject  of  conservation,  which  is  followed  by  a  discussion  of  the 
relation  of  the  conservation  of  water  to  that  of  other  resources.  The  author  then  considers  the  question  of  federal  control 
of  water  power,  summarizing  his  conclusions  after  mature  consideration.  Ninety-one  beautiful  illustrations  add  greatly 
to  the  value  and  interest  of  the  book.  8vo.  Cloth  binding.  376  pages.  91  illustrations.  Index.  Price,  $3.00  net,  postpaid. 


A  List  of  the  Spring  Publications  of  the  Yale  University  Press  will  be  sent  upon  request. 


1915]  THE     DIAL  285 


Books  for  Sprin 

THE  UNITED  STATES:  ITS  COLONIES  AND   DEPENDENCIES.    By  W.  D.  BOYCE, 

Author  of  "  Illustrated  South  America.  "  600  half-tone  illustrations,  638  pages.  Cloth  .  .  Net  $2.50 
This  book  is  a  bright,  well-written  expression  of  the  United  States  Colonies  as  viewed  by 

a  very  wide-awake  and  well-informed  traveler  and  student  of  history  and  commercial,  industrial, 

and  social  conditions. 

MARY  RUSSELL  MITFORD:  CORRESPONDENCE  WITH  CHARLES  BONER  AND 
JOHN  RUSKIN.     Edited  by  ELIZABETH  LEE.     Demy  8vo,  cloth,  316  pages,  8  illustra- 
tions ....................................................................  Net  $2.50 

In  these  pages  the  brilliant  Englishwoman  who  wrote  "Our  Village,"  a  series  of  sketches  of 

village  scenes  and  characters  unsurpassed  in  their  kind,  seems  to  live  again,  the  center  of  the 

other  brilliant  men  and  women  with  whom  she  corresponds. 

PRO  AND  CON  OF  GOLF.     By  ALEXANDER  H.  REVELL.     Illustrated  with  pen  and  ink 
and  half-tones.     With  special  cover  by  St.  John  and  jacket  by  Barnhard  ...........  Net  $1.25 

Mr.  Revell,  who  is  an  enthusiastic  amateur  and  an  ardent  devotee  of  the  game,  has  compiled 

in  this  neat  little  volume  the  combined  knowledge  of  the  best  writers  and  players  in  America  and 

Europe  and  presented  it  in  an  attractive  form. 

THE  PROMISE  OF  LIFE.     By  HOWARD  SUTHERLAND.     Author  of  "Idylls  of  Greece," 
etc.     Paper  Boards  ......................................................  Net  50  cents 

An  expression  of  positive  belief,  necessary  in  these  days  of  swaying  faith  or  outright  denial. 

It  cannot  fail  to  make  a  strong  appeal  to  the  many  that  believe,  and  may  be  helpful  to  those 

that  doubt. 

POCKET  GUIDE  TO  THE  WEST  INDIES.    By  ALGERNON  E.  ASPINALL.     With  24 
illustrations,  maps  and  index.     Foolscap,  8vo,  460  pages  ......................  Net  $1.50 

The  climate  being  so  salubrious  the  year  round,  the  West  Indies  are  becoming  more  and  more 

popular  with  wealthy  tourists. 

A  SHEAF  OF  ROSES.     By  ELIZABETH  GORDON.     With  16  illustrations  in  color  by  Fred- 
erick W.  Martin.     Cloth,  8vo  ..............................................  Net  $1.00 

In  this  exquisite  book  Mrs.  Gordon,  for  the  time  being,  leaves  her  favorite  juvenile  field  and 

appeals  to  the  maturer  lover  of  the  beautiful.     It  is  a  book  to  be  treasured  for  all  time. 

Af^T*    ¥TATVTrM7/^r^yg    Volume*  of  Biographical  and  Critical  Value 
J\K.  I 


with  Reproductions  of  the  Artists'  Works: 


SANDRO  BOTTICELLI.     By  JULIA  CARTWRIGHT  (MRS.  ADY).     Illustrated  with  32 
exquisite  Photogravures.     Art  Cloth,  stamped  in  gold,  8vo  ........................  Net  $1.25 

RAPHAEL.     By  JULIA  CARTWRIGHT  (MRS.  ADY).    Illustrated  with  32  exquisite  Photo- 
gravures.   Art  Cloth,  stamped  in  gold,  8vo,  114  pages  ...........................  Net  $1.25 

G.  F.  WATTS.     By  GILBERT  K.  CHESTERTON.    Illustrated  with  32  exquisite  Photogravures. 
Art  Cloth,  stamped  in  gold,  8vo,  114  pages  .....................................  Net  $1.25 

HOLBEIN.     By  FORD   MADOX   HUEFFER.     Illustrated  with  32   exquisite  Photogravures. 
Art  Cloth,  stamped  in  gold,  87  pages  .........................................  Net  $1.25 

LEONARDO  DA  VINCI.     By  DR.   GEORG  GRONAU.     Containing  32  Photogravures. 
Art  Cloth,  stamped  in  gold,  8vo  ..............................................  Net  $1.25 

ROSSETTI.    By  FORD  MADOX  HUEFFER.     With  32  Photogravures.    Art  Cloth,  stamped 
in  gold,  8vo  ..............................................................  Net  $1.25 

The  pictures  being  exquisitely  reproduced,  the  type  of  the  clearest  and  the  paper  of  the 
finest  quality,  and  the  books  being  handsomely  and  substantially  bound,  there  is  nothing  on  the 
market  to  successfully  compete  with  this  series,  to  which,  from  time  to  time,  other  volumes  will 
be  added,  edited  by  acknowledged  authorities  and  art  critics. 

RAND  McNALLY  &  CO. 


286 


THE   DIAL 


[  April  15,  1915 


The  New  Macmillan  Publications 

The  New  Novels 

BEALBY 

GETTING  A  WRONG  START 

By  H.  G.  WELLS.    Mr.  Wells's  new  story  of 

ANONYMOUS.     The     intimate     story     of     a 

an  ambitious  boy,  as  delightful  as  his  previous 

well-known  author  told  with  power  and  frank- 

novel, "The  Wife  of  Sir  Isaac  Harman.  "      $1.35 

ness.                                                                 $1.00 

HAND  OF  PERIL 

BRUNEL'S  TOWER 

By  ARTHUR  STRINGER.    A  good  detective 

By   EDEN    PHILLPOTTS.     The   interesting 

story    with    an    unusual    theme    and    involved 

story    of   a    regenerated    character.      Probably 

situations    developed    with    consummate    skill. 

the  most  notable  novel  of  the  author  of  "Faith 

Ready  in  April.                                                $i-35 

Tresilion,"    etc.                                             $1.50 

THE  BUSINESS  ADVENTURES 

THE  HARBOR 

OF  BILLY  THOMAS 

By  ERNEST   POOLE.      "One  of  the  ablest 

By   ELMER   E.    FERRIS.     A   story   of   the 

novels  added  to  American  fiction  in  many  a 

business  experiences  of  a  remarkable  salesman, 

year."  —  N.    Y.    Tribune.                             $1.40 

full  of  life  and  action.                                 $1.25 

Philosophy,  Economics,  Agriculture,  Travel 

AMERICA  AND  HER  PROBLEMS 

THE  PRINCIPLES  OF  RURAL 

By  P.B.D'ESTOURNELLES  DE  CONSTANT. 

CREDIT 

A  penetrating  discussion  of  our  nation  as  seen 

By  JAMES  B.  MORMAN.    A  clear  statement 

by  a  statesman  of  rare  genius.    Ready  in  April. 

and  analysis  of  Rural  Credits  in  this  country 

$2.00 

and  abroad.                                                       $1.25 

THE  SOCIAL  PROBLEM 

THE  PRINCIPLES  OF  FRUIT 

GROWING 

By  CHARLES  A.  ELLWOOD,  University  of 
Missouri.      A    consideration    of    the    essentials 
which  have  come  to  regulate  human  society. 
$1.25 

VJliXV^     »  ¥     .1  1  ^   V_* 

By  L.  H.  BAILEY.     Completely  revised  after 
twenty   editions   to   include   all   new   practices 
and  discoveries.                                                 $i-75 

SOCIETAL  EVOLUTION 

HIGHWAYS  AND  BYWAYS 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

By    ALBERT    GALLOWAY    KELLER.      A 

New  Exposition  Edition 

serious  and  important  study  of  the  evolutionary 

By     CLIFTON     JOHNSON.       Holds     much 

basis  of  the  science  of  society.                 $1.50 

valuable  information  for  the  California  tourist, 

especially  visitors  to  the  exposition.    Illustrated. 

INCOME 

$1.50 

By  SCOTT  NEARING,   University  of  Penn- 

THE PICTURESQUE  HUDSON 

sylvania.     A  study  and  determination  of  the 

By    CLIFTON    JOHNSON.       New    Edition. 

"property"    and    "service"    income    of    this 

Describes  vividly  the  scenery  and  life  through- 

country.   Ready  in  April. 

out  the  great  river's  wonderful  course.        #7.50 

Stephen  Graham's  New  Book  on  Russia 

An   Important  Biography 

RUSSIA  AND  THE  WORLD 

RABINDRANATH  TAGORE 

By    STEPHEN    GRAHAM.      "It   shows   the 

By  ERNEST  RHYS.     This  is  the  first  really 

author  creeping  as  near  as  he  was  allowed  to 

adequate  biography  of  the  great  Indian  mystic. 

the  firing  line.    It  gives  broad  views  of  difficult 

The  book  deals  with  Tagore,  the  boy  and  man; 

questions,  like  the  future  of  the  Poles  and  the 

the  other  Indian  poets  and  their  relation  to 

Jews.      It    rises    into    high    politics,    forecasts 

Tagore,    and   Tagore   as    religious   poet,    play- 

the terms  of  peace  and  the  re-arrangement  of 

wright    and    philosopher.      The    continued    in- 

the  world,    east   and   west,    that   may   follow. 

terest  in  Tagore  's  life  and  works  and  the  ab- 

But the  salient  thing  in  it  is  its  interpretation 

solute  lack  of  complete  information  make  this 

for   Western  minds  of  the  spirit  of  Russia."  — 

study  of  unusual  importance.     Ready  in  April. 

London  Times.     Illustrated.                           $2.00 

$T.2j 

PUBLISHED  AT       T1417   1V/I  A  /^IV/III  I    A  1M  f^fMV/ID  A  TVIV  ON  SALE  WHEREVER 
64-66  sth  AVE..N.  Y.    1  riE-  1V1  A.L/iVllJLL  A.IN  CLUVlrVAIN  I     BOOKS  ARESOLD 

THE  DIAL 

&  Jfortmsfjtlp  journal  of  Utterarp  Criticism,  Btecusfsrton,  anb  3nf ormatfon. 


THE  DIAL  (founded  in  188Q)  is  published  fortnightly  — 
every  other  Thursday  —  except  in  July  and  August,  in  which 
one  issue  for  each  month  will  appear.  TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIP- 
TION, $2.  a  year  in  advance,  postage  prepaid  in  the  United 
States  and  Mexico;  Foreign  and  Canadian  postage  50  cents 
per  year  extra.  REMITTANCES  should  be  by  check,  or  by 
express  or  postal  order,  payable  to  THE  DIAL.  Unless  other- 
wise ordered,  subscriptions  will  begin  with  the  current  num- 
ber. When  no  direct  request  to  discontinue  at  expiration  of 
subscription  is  received,  it  is  assumed  that  a  continuance  of 
the  subscription  is  desired.  ADVERTISING  RATES  furnished  on 
application. 

Published  by  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY, 
632  Sherman  Street,  Chicago. 

Entered  as  Second-Class  Matter  October  8,  1892,  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  under  Act  of  March  3,  1879. 


Vol.  LVIII.          APRIL  15,  1915 


No.  692 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 


PLAY     OR     PAMPHLET?       Charles     Leonard 

Moore 287 

CASUAL  COMMENT 289 

French  appreciation  of  English  literature. — 
A  promising  profession  for  book-lovers. — 
Reading  in  Ireland. —  Indexers'  idiosyn- 
crasies.—  The  creator  of  Colonel  Carter  of 
Cartersville. —  Heavy  reading. —  An  exiled 
review. —  Canada's  contribution  to  polite 
literature. —  A  renaissance  in  Yiddish  litera- 
ture.—  After  forty  years  of  novel-writing. — 
Illinois  public  libraries. 

COMMUNICATION 293 

"  The     Doctor "     and     "  Tristram     Shandy." 
Russell  Osborne  Stidston. 

FRIENDLY    LETTERS    OF    A    WANDERING 

NATURALIST.    Percy  F.  Bicknell  .     .     .294 

IN  PRAISE  OF  WAR.     T.  D.  A.  CocTcerell  .     .  295 

FANTASTIC  SOLUTIONS  OF  SOME 
SHAKESPEAREAN  CRUXES.  Samuel 
A.  Tannenbaum 297 

OLD  MAGIC  IN  A  NEW  CENTURY.     Thomas 

Percival    Beyer ...  301 

THE    CASE    AGAINST    GERMANY.      W.    K. 

Stewart 302 

Villard's  Germany  Embattled. —  Dawson's 
What  Is  Wrong  with  Germany?  —  Allen's 
Germany  and  Europe. —  Chapman's  Deutsch- 
land  iiber  Alles. —  Germany's  War  Mania. — 
Rohrbach's  German  World  Policies. 

RECENT  FICTION.     William  Morton  Payne  .     .  304 

NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS 305 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 306 

Handbooks  on  the  art  and  craft  of  letters. — 
The  fallacies  of  "  preparedness."  —  Essays, 
ethical  and  philosophic. —  Disraeli  during 
the  decade  1846-1855. —  The  protection  of 
wild  life. —  Confessions  of  Frederick  the 
Great. —  Lesser-known  builders  of  the  Pan- 
ama Canal. —  Mr.  Markham's  latest  volume 
of  verse. —  Cegent  reasons  for  not  drinking. 
—  The  most  interesting  of  wild  animals. 

NOTES 311 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS  .  .  312 


PLAT  OR  PAMPHLET? 


After  the  debauch  of  wit  in  the  Restoration 
Comedy  and  Jeremy  Collier's  triumph  over 
the  stage,  audiences  became  virtuous,  and  play 
providers  gave  them  what  they  wanted  in 
tragedies  which  would  turn  them  to  repen- 
tance and  comedies  which  would  make  them 
cry.  The  French  called  the  new  species  of 
drama  la  comedie  larmoyante.  Diderot  in 
France,  Steele  in  England,  and  even  Lessing 
in  Germany  gave  in  to  the  fashion,  though 
the  latter  soon  recovered  himself.  When  the 
real  comic  spirit  rose  again  incarnate  in  Gold- 
smith he  had  great  difficulty  in  getting  a 
hearing.  His  "Good  Natured  Man"  was  de- 
nounced as  "low,"  and  the  scene  with  the 
Bailiffs  was  hissed.  ' '  She  Stoops  to  Conquer ' ' 
was  rejected  by  one  manager,  and  held  by 
another  for  a  year. 

Literary  fashions,  like  those  of  women's 
clothes,  recur  in  cycles,  and  for  a  good  while 
we  have  had  a  surfeit  of  what  may  be  called 
the  preaching  mania  on  the  stage.  Where  do 
all  the  wild-eyed  faddists  come  from  who  in 
their  multitude  have  burst  into  the  theatre 
with  plays  of  every  conceivable  kind  except 
plays  of  amusement,  of  poetic  exaltation,  of 
creative  power?  Every  reform,  or  what  fan- 
tastic minds  conceive  to  be  a  reform,  must  have 
its  play.  We  have  had  plays  of  sexology,  of 
education,  of  hygiene,  and  what  not.  The 
plays  on  hygiene  seem  to  predominate.  We 
suppose  we  shall  next  have  a  play  on  the  negro 
theory  that  you  should  cut  your  corns  in  the 
dark  of  the  moon.  This  would  be  harmless 
compared  with  the  dramatization  of  medical 
treatises  with  which  we  have  been  regaled  of 
late. 

This  pamphleteering  drama  seems  to  have 
had  its  origin  with  Ibsen.  Now  Ibsen  was  a 
playwright  of  the  first  water,  and  in  his  early 
romantic  dramas  and  in  his  long  dramatic 
poems  a  genuine  poet.  There  are  gleams  of 
humor  and  of  common  sense  in  his  comedies. 
But  his  formula  for  a  comedy  seems  to  have 
been  this:  Find  some  sore  spot  in  humanity 
and  make  a  play  of  it.  And  his  lugubrious 
dramas  and  their  progeny  have  filled  the  thea- 
tres of  Europe  and  America. 


288 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15 


Particularly  is  America  favorable  soil  for 
this  pamphleteering  seed.  If  anybody  neglects 
an  opportunity  to  preach  in  this  country,  he 
is  suspect.  Our  public  men  go  around  like 
Joseph  Surface,  with  his  eternal  "the  man 
who."  The  didactic  instinct  is  rooted  in  us, 
and  has  been  strong  enough  to  stifle  any  genu- 
ine creative  impulse,  except  in  the  case  of  a 
few  who  have  dared  to  "see  life  steadily  and 
see  it  whole."  That  this  didactic  turn  in  us  is 
accompanied  by  any  greater  average  goodness 
than  among  other  peoples  may  be  questioned. 
Thomas  Wentworth  Higginson  once  rebuked 
the  present  writer  for  using  the  stock  phrase, 
' '  the  New  England  conscience. ' '  He  thought 
it  a  bugbear,  and  had  lived  more  than  four- 
score years  among  such  consciences  without 
finding  any  excess  of  them.  But  that  the 
moralizing  strain  outweighed  the  artistic  one 
among  his  neighbors  is  only  too  patent. 

That  art  should  be  immoral  or  even  unmoral 
is  nonsense.  In  the  drama,  more  than  any 
other  form  of  art,  there  is  a  clash  of  opposites, 
of  good  and  evil,  of  the  beautiful  and  the  ugly, 
of  the  graceful  and  the  grotesque.  That  any 
sane  dramatist  should  prefer  the  inferior 
qualities  or  things  is  practically  impossible. 
But  he  ought  to  have  full  liberty  to  set  them 
forth  in  all  their  power  and  repulsiveness. 
He  ought  to  be  fair  to  the  energy,  intellect, 
and  share  of  goodness  in  the  personages  in 
whom  are  embodied  the  lower  principles.  His 
heroes  cannot  be  all  white,  or  his  villains  all 
black.  The  'a<>.apria  of  Aristotle  was  that 
fatal  weakness  in  the  central  character  from 
which  the  catastrophe  arose.  Besides,  there  is 
no  fixed  system  of  morality.  Is  war  right  or 
wrong?  Is  divorce  right  or  wrong?  Must 
one,  as  Kant  maintained,  always  tell  the  truth, 
even  to  a  murderer  seeking  his  victim?  Is 
it  criminal  for  a  starving  man  to  steal  food? 
Is  it  murder  or  patriotism  to  kill  a  despot? 
These  and  many  other  questions  have  always 
been  debated.  Whole  shoals  of  plays  have 
been  based  on  views  of  morality  now  obsolete 
or  partially  so.  The  dramatist  has  wide  lati- 
tude. If  he  communicates  the  shock  of  vital 
strength  to  us,  or  permeates  us  with  a  sense  of 
beauty,  it  is  as  much  as  we  have  a  right  to 
expect.  But  the  pamphleteering  dramatist 
takes  some  abstract  question  of  morality,  or 
some  concrete  custom,  and  argues  it  out  by  the 
means  of  puppets  to  whom  no  fair  play  is 
allowed,  who  are  merely  punching-bags  for  his 
intellectual  exercise. 


The  play  with  a  purpose  was  preceded  by 
the  novel  with  a  purpose.  Dickens  had 
usually  some  direct  utilitarian  or  charitable 
end  to  carry  out.  But  it  was  always  so 
swamped  by  the  overwhelming  humor  and 
creative  force  of  his  work  that  it  gives  readers 
of  to-day  no  concern.  Victor  Hugo,  too,  in  his 
greatest  novel  tilted  against  all  the  wrongs  and 
injustices  of  the  world;  but  here,  also,  the 
interest  of  the  narrative  and  the  flood  of 
poetry  sweep  us  along  and  make  us  forget  that 
we  are  witnessing  a  social  insurrection.  It  is 
perhaps  too  soon  to  criticize  the  purpose  plays, 
but  we  doubt  whether  they  are  clothed  with 
enough  poetry  and  humor  and  created  flesh  to 
make  us  forget  the  grinning  skeleton  of  their 
didacticism.  We  are  inclined  to  think  that 
they  have  less  staying  quality  than  even  the 
despised  Victorian  drama.  Such  plays  as 
"Richelieu,"  "The  Lady  of  Lyons,"  "The 
Hunchback,"  "Masks  and  Faces,"  and 
' '  Caste ' '  have  held  the  boards  for  a  long  time. 
Bulwer  and  Reade  had  probably  as  much  intel- 
lectual force  as  the  problem  men,  and  they 
seem  to  have  produced  figures  and  scenes  of 
permanent  appeal  to  mankind. 

It  is  perhaps  in  order  to  say  what  should 
take  the  place  of  the  purpose  play.  Well, 
there  is  the  whole  spectacle  of  life  to  choose 
from.  There  are  a  billion  and  a  half  people  in 
the  world,  and  something  is  happening  to 
them  every  day.  There  is  the  whole  recorded 
past  to  furnish  subjects.  And  the  mind  of 
man  can  invent,  and  can  at  least  make  an  at- 
tempt to  pierce  into  the  realm  of  death  and  the 
unknown.  The  Moving  Picture  shows,  what- 
ever may  be  their  shortcomings,  can  at  least 
give  us  a  hint  of  what  is  wanted.  We  believe 
the  managers  of  these  entertainments  have 
tried  a  few  problem  subjects,  but  that  they  did 
not  in  the  least  succeed.  Stories  of  adven- 
ture, of  romantic  love  and  domestic  devotion, 
of  great  crimes,  of  moving  accidents  by  land 
and  sea,  of  uproarious  fun, —  these  take  best. 
Shilling  shockers  like  the  "Agamemnon," 
"Macbeth,"  or  "Faust"  are  really  what  the 
world  craves  in  the  way  of  excitement:  hero- 
ism and  pure  love  and  undying  devotion  al- 
ways appeal  to  it.  The  taste  of  the  public  is 
always  sound, —  only  it  is  not  educated  up 
to  the  adequate  literary  presentation  of  its 
favorite  themes.  When  we  consider  that  the 
Athenian  public,  with  its  wonderfully  trained 
intelligence,  banished  ^Eschylus  and  preferred 
Euripides  to  Sophocles  we  can  hardly  expect 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


289 


perfect  critical  judgment  from  our  own  motley 
population. 

To  be  more  specific,  we  think  the  drama 
should  confine  itself  more  strictly  to  its  various 
kinds.  A  tragedy  ought  to  be  a  tragedy,  and 
a  comedy  a  comedy.  Mixing  of  distinct  breeds 
rarely  brings  good  results.  It  would  be  pretty 
hard  to  classify  some  of  the  plays  of  Ibsen  or 
Strindberg.  Comedy  ought  to  recover  its 
gaiety  and  shed  its  weeds  of  woe.  Signs  are 
not  wanting  that  the  purpose-problem-pam- 
phlet style  of  play  is  going  out  of  fashion. 
There  have  been  produced  in  New  York  this 
past  winter  a  considerable  number  of  plays 
calculated  to  amuse  intelligent  people.  If  to 
these  could  be  added  some  dramas  of  poetic 
exaltation,  some  tragedies  that  plumb  the 
depths,  we  should  have  the  beginning  of  a 
serious  theatre  in  this  country. 

The  question  of  a  drama  poetic  not  only 
in  intent  but  in  form  is  an  interesting  one. 
There  is  no  real  reason  except  a  stupid  preju- 
dice why  verse  should  not  be  used  again  upon 
the  stage.  It  is  a  pity  to  banish  it,  for  it  is  to 
a  play  something  like  what  a  frame  is  to  a 
picture.  It  separates  the  play  from  the  world, 
and  concentrates  its  effects.  But  we  believe 
that  blank  verse,  which  is  the  most  flexible  and 
natural  of  metres,  is  impossible,  simply  be- 
cause it  has  been  preempted.  A  modern  blank 
verse  play  inevitably  seems  a  faded  copy  of  a 
Shakespearean  original.  The  best  poets  and 
metrists  of  recent  times  —  Shelley,  Tennyson, 
Browning,  Swinburne  —  have  tried  to  galvan- 
ize this  form  into  life,  all  to  little  purpose. 
But  there  are  plenty  of  other  metrical  forms. 
The  heroic  couplet  reigned  for  a  considerable 
time  on  the  English  stage,  and  it  might  be 
revived.  The  lyric  choruses  of  the  Greek 
drama  lightened  up  the  grave  iambic  verse. 
The  Spanish  drama  used  a  great  variety  of 
metres  and  forms, —  huddling  together  asso- 
nant verse,  redondillas,  canzonets,  and  son- 
nets in  a  single  play.  There  is  something  like 
this  variety  in  the  early  plays  of  Shake- 
speare—  "Love's  Labour's  Lost,"  for  in- 
stance. Verse  of  some  kind  we  ought  to  have, 
for  we  can  never  get  with  prose  the  concen- 
tration or  the  atmosphere  requisite  for  the 
greatest  dramatic  effects. 

The  purpose-problem  play  came  into  being 
mainly  from  one  cause, —  the  unrest  of  women 
and  their  desire  to  have  their  wrongs  and 
rights  expounded  on  the  stage.  Possibly  this 
has  been  sufficiently  done,  and  now  men  may 


demand  their  innings;  or,  rather,  men  and 
women  together  may  recur  to  the  elemental 
things  of  life, —  loves,  hates,  heroisms,  sacri- 
fices, and  demand  these  from  the  stage.  They 
are  demanding  them  from  the  Moving  Picture 
shows,  and  the  speaking  theatre  is  surely  a 
more  satisfactory  thing. 

CHARLES  LEONARD  MOORE. 


CASUAL  COMMENT. 

FRENCH  APPRECIATION  OF  ENGLISH  LITERA- 
TURE, so  far  as  that  appreciation  is  manifested 
by  scholars  and  writers,  has  in  recent  times 
been  greatly  in  contrast  with  earlier  ignorance 
of  and  contempt  for  the  writings  of  those 
benighted  beings  so  unfortunate  as  to  have 
been  born  outside  of  France.  Flippant  dis- 
praise of  Shakespeare  is  no  longer  considered 
smart  in  the  literary  circles  of  Paris.  Of 
course  Taine  is  the  conspicuous  modern  in- 
stance of  French  appreciation  of  the  writers 
of  England,  but  for  one  such  sympathetic  stu- 
dent of  those  writers  half  a  century  ago  there 
are  now  a  dozen  or  more  in  the  France  of 
to-day.  Professor  Emile  Legouis,  who  holds 
the  chair  of  English  language  and  literature  at 
the  Sorbonne,  and  is  widely  known  for  his 
published  works  in  his  department,  naturally 
comes  to  mind  in  this  connection.  A  notable 
article  from  his  pen  appears  in  the  current 
issue  of  ' '  The  Yale  Review, ' '  under  the  head- 
ing, ''English  Literature  in  France."  His 
opening  sentence  is  significant.  He  says: 
"The  opinion  now  prevailing  in  England,  and 
beginning  to  spread  in  America,  seems  to  be, 
if  I  am  well  informed,  that,  outside  of  the 
English-speaking  countries  themselves,  France 
is  as  distinctly  ahead  of  other  nations  in  En- 
glish literary  criticism,  properly  so  called,  as 
Germany  has  long  been  and  still  remains  in 
English  philology."  A  little  later,  in  consid- 
ering the  "erudite  (historical,  objective,  scien- 
tific) mode"  of  studying  English  literature, 
he  has  this  to  say  in  tribute  to  American  schol- 
arship :  "In  some  directions,  it  is  true,  and 
particularly  in  the  field  of  research  that  we 
are  now  concerned  with,  I  wonder  whether 
America  has  not  actually  outstripped  Ger- 
many herself,  after  having  been  her  disciple. 
As  I  was  some  time  ago  getting  up  a  small 
popular  book  on  Chaucer  and  had  to  acquaint 
myself  with  the  most  recent  critical  works  on 
his  life  and  poetry,  I  was  struck  by  the  pre- 
dominance of  Americans  in  the  list  of  the 
latest  discoverers.  Foremost  in  the  catalogue 
were  the  names  of  Professors  Kittredge,  Scho- 
field,  Tatlock,  Root,  Lowes,  Young,  and  others, 
nearly  dispossessing  the  country  of  Ten 


290 


THE   DIAL 


[  April  15 


Brink  of  her  former  supremacy."  In  closing 
he  emphasizes  his  impression  of  a  prevalent 
"admiration  and  reverence  for  English  litera- 
ture" on  the  part  of  its  students  in  France. 

•         •         • 

A    PROMISING    PROFESSION    FOR    BOOK-LOVERS 

who  would  like  to  be  book-writers,  but  who 
somehow,  in  spite  of  undeniable  skill  in  the 
manipulation  of  pen  or  typewriter,  cannot 
exactly  hit  it  off  when  it  comes  to  original 
literary  production,  has  long  been  found  in 
the  pleasant  task  of  handling,  for  the  benefit 
of  other  book-lovers,  the  works  of  those  envied 
beings  who  have  succeeded  in  becoming  book- 
producers.  There  is  always  the  possibility, 
too,  that  in  this  close  contact  with  the  best  that 
has  been  thought  and  said  in  the  world,  the 
contagion  of  authorship  will  in  some  myste- 
rious manner  be  caught,  with  ultimately  grati- 
fying results  in  renown  and  royalties.  Was 
not  the  celebrated  author  of  the  world-famous 
"Critique  of  Pure  Reason"  once  employed  in 
this  very  task  of  handling  the  books  of  others 
in  the  Royal  Library  at  Konigsberg?  And 
was  there  not  a  certain  librarian  of  the  Boston 
Public  Library,  and  later  head  of  the  Harvard 
University  Library,  who  is  now  even  better 
known  for  his  learned  contributions  to  histori- 
cal literature  than  for  his  noteworthy  services 
to  librarianship  ?  Let  us  then,  we  who  love 
books  and  would  fain  write  them  also,  embrace 
the  librarian's  calling  and  see  what  will  hap- 
pen. But  is  it  so  easy  to  get  a  position  as  libra- 
rian ?  Hear  what  they  say  about  it  at  one  of 
our  largest  library  schools.  "For  several 
years,"  it  is  reported  from  Madison,  "the 
number  graduating  from  the  Library  School 
of  the  University  [of  Wisconsin]  exceeded 
the  number  graduated  from  any  other  simi- 
lar school  in  the  country,"  but  with  all  this 
annual  output  "there  never  has  been  the 
slightest  difficulty  in  obtaining  positions  for 
the  graduates  of  the  school.  In  1913  out  of 
31  who  were  graduated  29  had  positions  at 
the  time  of  graduation.  In  1914  out  of  29  who 
were  to  graduate  26  had  received  appoint- 
ments at  graduation."  Could  there  be  any- 
thing more  alluring  than  the  pleasant  path 
leading  through  this  semi-literary  profession 
to  all  sorts  of  delightful  possibilities  in  a  pro- 
fession that  is  wholly  literary  and  supremely 

soul-satisfying  ? 

•    •    • 

READING  IN  IRELAND,  especially  in  western 
Ireland,  appears  to  be  a  pastime  not  much  in- 
dulged in  by  people  generally,  though  there  is 
an  immense  respect  for  books  and  those  who 
write  them,  a  respect  inversely  proportional 
to  the  intimacy  of  acquaintance  with  things 
literary.  Familiarity  breeds  contempt,  as  the 


proverb  assures  us.  In  "Castle  Rackrent," 
though  the  mistress  of  the  castle  reads  "The 
Sorrows  of  Werther, "  her  lord  and  master  is 
far  more  interested  in  his  own  multiplying 
troubles  and  difficulties;  and  at  the  present 
day  the  Irishman  who  digs  and  delves  for  his 
livelihood  has  little  time  or  inclination  to  go 
deeply  into  books.  A  shelf  of  ancient  and 
well-thumbed  volumes  is  likely  to  be  found 
in  the  farmhouse,  but  the  family  reading  is 
chiefly  confined  to  "Old  Moore's  Almanack" 
and  either  "The  Irish  Weekly  Independent" 
or  "The  Weekly  Freeman."  "Old  Moore," 
by  the  way,  in  his  last  year's  almanac  pre- 
dicted "grave  trouble  in  Europe  about  this 
time."  A  writer  in  the  current  number  of 
"The  Book  Monthly,"  Mr.  Thomas  Kelly,  to 
whom  acknowledgment  is  due  for  various 
items  here  noted,  reveals  the  rather  surprising 
fact,  if  it  be  a  fact,  that  in  the  land  of  their 
nativity  "Lever  and  Lover  are  very  rarely 
seen,  though  'Handy  Andy'  is  to  be  met  with 
occasionally" — another  illustration  of  the  rule 
respecting  prophets  in  their  own  country. 
Even  Canon  Hannay  (better  known  as 
"George  A.  Birmingham")  is  rather  roughly 
handled  by  those  who  pretend  to  be  competent 
critics.  But  among  the  common  people  of  lit- 
tle book-learning,  as  already  intimated,  au- 
thors and  their  works  are  more  likely  than  not 
to  be  held  in  reverence.  Mr.  Kelly  relates  an 
amusing  incident  in  this  connection.  "I  re- 
member seeing  in  one  house  a  booklet  whose 
author  I  knew.  He  lived  in  the  neighbouring 
town,  and  I  mentioned  this  fact  to  'the  man 
of  the  house. '  '  Is  it  a  man  that  could  write  a 
book,'  he  queried  in  no  slight  surprise,  'to  be 
livin'  in  the  town  o'  Drumdallagh  'ithin  ten 
mile  o'  where  I  stand?  Man,  oh  man,  do  ye 
tell  me  that?  Where  now  would  his  house  be 
in  the  town,  for  I'll  go  an'  have  a  look  at  the 
outside  o'  it  the  next  day  I'm  in  at  the 
market. '  ' 

•        •        • 

INDEXERS'  IDIOSYNCRASIES  are  often  amiable 
and  harmless,  and  sometimes  unamiable  and 
injurious  to  the  interests  of  index-users.  A  pas- 
sion for  fulness  of  entry  in  the  case  of  personal 
names  may  cause  more  consumption  of  time 
than  is  worth  while,  but  no  harm  is  done  unless 
other  more  important  duties  are  neglected  in 
consequence.  On  the  other  hand,  the  scrupu- 
lous substitution  of  a  little-known  real  name 
for  a  universally-known  popular  designation 
may  give  rise  to  vexation  and  bewilderment 
and  smothered  (if  not  eruptive)  profanity. 
Thomas  Jonathan  Jackson,  for  example,  is 
known  to  students  of  American  history  as 
identical  with  "Stonewall"  Jackson,  but  to 
the  great  American  public  the  sturdy  general 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


291 


is  "Stonewall,"  and  not  Thomas  Jonathan, 
and  it  has  a  right  to  expect  the  nickname  to 
appear  in  the  index  or  catalogue,  as  in  truth  it 
often  though  not  always  does.  Mr.  Rossiter 
Johnson,  in  a  protest  published  in  the  March 
"Library  Journal,"  complains  of  the  misdi- 
rected scrupulosity  of  some  professional  index- 
ers,  and  takes  occasion  to  point  out  a  common 
and  rather  unwise  practice  on  the  part  of 
book-indexers,  who  for  some  reason  think  it 
necessary  to  enter  in  the  index  the  general  sub- 
ject of  the  book.  He  refers  especially  to  biog- 
raphies, and  cites  a  real  or  supposed  life  of 
General  Putnam,  the  index  to  which  contains 
such  entries  as  this:  "Putnam,  Israel,  his  en- 
counter with  a  wolf, ' '  which  should  have  been : 
' '  Wolf,  Putnam 's  encounter  with  a. ' '  And  he 
speaks  of  a  recent  admirable  biography  of  a 
famous  American  that  devotes  ten  solid  col- 
umns of  its  index  to  the  subject  of  the  book, 
as  if  any  mortal  reader  would  have  the  pa- 
tience to  search  for  a  needle  in  that  haystack ! 
He  might  have  instanced  an  even  more 
flagrant  recent  example:  the  admirable  biog- 
raphy of  Mark  Twain  by  his  authorized  biog- 
rapher gives  almost  thirteen  columns  of  its 
excellent  index  to  the  entry,  "Twain,  Mark." 
•  •  • 

THE  CREATOR  OF  COLONEL  CARTER  OF  CAR- 
TERSVILLE  was  fifty-three  years  old  when  this 
product  of  his  invention  placed  h.im  in  the 
front  rank  of  those  who  have  delineated  the 
Old  South  felicitously  in  fiction.  Francis 
Hopkinson  Smith,  a  descendant  of  that  gifted 
Francis  Hopkinson  who  immortalized  himself 
by  affixing  his  signature  to  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  was  born  October  23,  1838,  in 
Baltimore,  and  died  April  7,  1915,  in  New 
York.  Early  reverses  in  the  family  fortunes 
forced  him  to  shift  for  himself  with  little  of 
the  educational  equipment  accounted  neces- 
sary for  a  fair  start  in  life.  A  clerkship  in  his 
brother's  iron  works  was  cut  short  by  the  fail- 
ure of  the  business,  after  which  came  engineer- 
ing studies  in  New  York  and  the  opening  of  an 
office  as  contractor.  Much  constructive  work 
—  jetties,  breakwaters,  lighthouses,  sea-walls, 
etc. — was  undertaken  for  the  government, 
and  a  permanent  and  conspicuous  reminder  of 
this  phase  of  Mr.  Smith 's  varied  activity  is  the 
foundation  of  the  Bartholdi  Statue  of  Liberty, 
as  also  the  Race  Rock  Lighthouse,  off  New  Lon- 
don, of  which  its  builder  was  especially  proud. 
His  vacations  meanwhile  were  largely  given  to 
sketching  in  the  White  Mountains,  Cuba,  Mex- 
ico, and  later  in  Venice,  Constantinople,  and 
Holland.  He  had  drawn  and  painted  from 
boyhood,  being  chiefly  self-taught  in  this  form 
of  art.  At  about  forty  years  of  age  he  began 
to  discover  his  genius  in  literature,  in  slight 


sketches  of  travel  and  observation,  and  later  in 
stories  and  novels.  Best  known  among  his  long 
list  of  books  are  such  favorites  as  "Colonel 
Carter  of  Cartersville, "  "Caleb  West,"  "Oli- 
ver Horn, "  "  Peter, ' '  and  ' '  Kennedy  Square. ' ' 
Wholesome  and  hearty  are  these  and  other 
romances  of  his,  a  little  obvious  and  old- 
fashioned  in  their  construction,  perhaps,  but 
for  that  very  reason,  in  part,  of  unfailing 
acceptability  with  the  great  novel-reading  pub- 
lic. A  more  variously  gifted  novelist  it  would 
be  hard  to  name,  and  his  death  is  more  than  a 
grievous  loss  to  literature. 
•  •  • 

HEAVY  READING  in  more  senses  than  one  was 
the  famous  collection  of  all  extant  cuneiform 
literature  in  the  royal  library  of  Asurbanipal, 
king  of  Assyria.  Baked  clay  took  the  place  of 
paper  in  that  formidable  assemblage  of  books, 
and  the  total  tonnage  of  the  library  must  have 
been  tremendous.  But  it  represented  the 
golden  age  of  Assyrian  literature,  and  so  must 
have  possessed  other  virtues  besides  mere 
weight.  A  similar  collection,  though  of  much 
smaller  proportions,  is  that  which  now  has  its 
abode  in  a  room  of  the  New  York  Public 
Library  under  the  careful  guardianship  of 
Mr.  Victor  Hugo  Paltsits,  known  of  old  to 
many  obliged  readers  as  the  assistant  librarian 
of  the  now  vanished  Lenox  Library  in  upper 
Fifth  Avenue.  In  a  recent  number  of  the 
"Library  Bulletin"  Mr.  Paltsits  gives  some 
description  of  the  precious  collection  in  his 
keeping.  "The  earliest  records  in  the  Li- 
brary, ' '  he  says, ' '  are  baked-clay  tablets,  cylin- 
ders, slabs,  etc.,  in  the  Sumerian  language, 
dating  from  the  time  of  Naram-Sin,  son  of 
Sargon,  about  2600  B.  c. ;  Gimil-Sin,  King  of 
Ur,  about  2200  B.  c.,  and  other  reigns  in  Baby- 
lonia. There  are  also  cuneiform  inscriptions 
in  the  Assyrian  language  of  the  reign  of 
Ashur-nasir-pal,  King  of  Assyria,  885-860 
B.C.,  and  of  Nebuchadressar  II.,  King  of 
Babylon,  604-561  B.C.,  in  the  Babylonian 
language."  m  .  . 

AN  EXILED  REVIEW,  sharing  courageously  the 
lot  of  many  of  its  former  writers  and  readers, 
will  presently  resume  its  activities  under  the 
protection  of  the  University  of  Cambridge. 
"Le  Museon,"  a  long-established  quarterly 
publication  devoted  to  Oriental  studies,  edited 
of  late  by  Professor  Philippe  Colin  et  of  Lou- 
vain  University  and  Professor  L.  de  la  Vallee 
Poussin  of  Ghent  University,  and  published 
by  the  former  institution,  has  been  taken  in 
charge  by  the  Syndics  of  the  Cambridge  Uni- 
versity Press,  which  is  about  to  issue  the  de- 
layed first  number  of  the  current  year.  Both 
Cambridge  and  Oxford  have  shown  generous 


292 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15 


hospitality  to  the  expatriated  academicians  of 
devastated  Belgium,  so  that  this  fortunate 
rescue  of  the  "Museon"  from  extinction  or 
indefinite  suspension  is  but  an  extension  of 
previous  good  offices.  Whether  the  future  con- 
tinuation of  the  review  will  be  possible  must 
depend  upon  those  who  give  their  interest  and 
support  to  its  department  of  learning.  Among 
the  announced  contributors  to  the  next  two 
issues  are  such  recognized  authorities  in  their 
several  departments  as  Professor  J.  B.  Bury, 
Professor  James  Hope  Moulton,  Professor 
E.  G.  Browne,  Dr.  F.  W.  Thomas,  Librarian 
to  the  India  Office,  Dr.  Reynold  A.  Nicholson, 
Lecturer  in  Persian  at  Cambridge,  and  Mr. 
A.  A.  Bevan,  Lady  Almoner's  Reader  in 
Arabic  at  the  same  university. 
•  •  • 

CANADA'S  CONTRIBUTION  TO  POLITE  LITERA- 
TURE is  greater  than  is  commonly  suspected 
outside  of  Canada,  or  perhaps  inside.  The 
Department  of  Education  of  the  Province  of 
Ontario  issues  quarterly  "A  Selected  List  of 
Books  Recommended  by  the  Ontario  Library 
Association  for  Purchase  by  the  Public  Libra- 
ries of  the  Province,  '  '  and  the  current  number 
contains  bibliographies,  not  aiming  at  com- 
pleteness but  nevertheless  impressive,  of  Cana- 
dian fiction,  poetry,  and  biography,  with  a  list 
of  Canadian  magazines.  These  bibliographies, 
in  which  "titles  have  been  chosen  chiefly  on 
the  grounds  of  availability  and  value,"  fill 
twenty-two  large  pages,  and  are  of  a  nature 
to  commend  themselves  as  aids  to  librarians 
beyond  as  well  as  within  the  borders  of  the 
Dominion.  The  pamphlet  is  obtainable  from 
Mr.  "Walter  R.  Nursey,  Inspector  of  Public 
Libraries,  Toronto,  though  to  what  extent  and 
on  what  terms  it  will  be  supplied  to  applicants 
outside  of  Ontario,  we  cannot  say. 


A  RENAISSANCE  IN  YIDDISH  LITERATURE 

to  be  taking  place  in  the  Ghetto  of  New  York. 
Present  hard  conditions  in  Europe  have 
caused  a  sort  of  Jewish  exodus  that  may  be 
found  to  have  some  points  of  resemblance, 
however  remote,  to  the  emigration  of  the 
Moors  from  Spain  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
and  of  the  Huguenots  from  France  in  the  sev- 
enteenth. At  any  rate,  the  sum  of  literary 
and  artistic  talent  on  the  Continent  has  been 
diminished  by  the  self-expatriation  of  not  a 
few  men  and  women  unusually  gifted  and 
accomplished,  and  of  these  there  are  some 
marked  instances  now  attracting  attention 
among  the  Semitic  population  of  our  chief 
city.  This  incoming  tide  of  talent  includes 
such  names,  real  or  pseudonymous,  as  Scholem 
Ash,  Abraham  Raisin,  Scholem  Aleichem,  and 
Perez  Hirschbein.  Of  the  "Yiddish  Mark 


Twain"  (Scholem  Aleichem)  appreciative 
mention  has  already  been  made  in  these  col- 
umns, and  the  others  here  enumerated  have 
shown  themselves  no  less  skilled  in  their  sev- 
eral departments  of  prose  and  verse,  of  fiction 
and  drama  and  well-turned  poem.  Increased 
means  of  approach  to  their  readers  have  been 
provided  for  these  and  other  new  writers  by 
the  starting  of  additional  magazines  and  other 
periodical  publications  in  the  Yiddish  tongue, 
together  with  a  monthly  magazine  in  English 
for  the  publishing  of  translations  from  these 
Jewish  authors.  One  of  the  most  interesting 
figures  in  this  new  school  of  Yiddish  writers  is 
Mr.  Perez  Hirschbein,  the  "poet-wanderer," 
as  he  has  been  styled,  whose  unmetrical  me- 
dium of  expression  seems  well  adapted  to  his 
thought,  and  ought  not  to  be  summarily  dis- 
missed with  the  ridicule  so  often  visited  upon 
this  form  of  literature.  On  the  whole,  it  ap- 
pears not  unlikely  that  in  the  accession  here 
noted  of  fresh  talent,  perhaps  even  genius, 
among  our  writing  folk,  it  may  turn  out  that 
American  literature  has  been  appreciably  the 
gainer,  and  European  literature  correspond- 
ingly the  loser. 

AFTER  FORTY  YEARS  OF  NOVEL- WRITING,  or 
nearly  that,  with  a  record,  according  to  her 
own  account,  of  sixty  novels  to  her  credit,  Mrs. 
Amelia  E.  Barr  passes  into  her  eighty-fifth 
year  with  feelings  of  calm  content  as  she  looks 
back  upon  the  road  her  feet  have  travelled.  It 
was  not  until  after  the  death  of  her  husband 
and  three  sons  from  yellow  fever  at  Galveston, 
in  1867,  that  she,  with  three  daughters  depen- 
dent on  her,  turned  her  energies  to  literature 
as  a  means  of  support.  Those  thirty-six  years 
of  her  earlier  life  had  certainly  not  been  lack- 
ing in  variety  of  experience  on  which  to  draw 
in  the  writing  of  fiction.  Born  in  Lancashire, 
marrying  early,  and  emigrating  to  this  coun- 
try with  her  husband,  Robert  Barr,  she  gained 
an  acquaintance  with  the  ups  and  downs,  the 
comedy  and  the  tragedy  of  existence,  such  as 
can  be  claimed  by  few  of  our  romancers.  Two 
years  ago,  in  her  notable  autobiographic  vol- 
ume, "All  the  Days  of  My  Life,"  she  said 
of  herself,  what  she  would  doubtless  now  re- 
peat with  no  change  except  in  the  statement  of 
her  age :  "I  have  lived,  I  have  loved,  I  have 
worked,  and  at  eighty-two  I  only  ask  that  the 
love  and  the  work  continue  while  I  live.  What 
I  must  do,  I  will  love  to  do.  It  is  a  noble  chem- 
istry that  turns  necessity  into  pleasure." 

•        •        * 

ILLINOIS  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  now  number  222, 
of  which  161  are  maintained  by  taxation,  and 
eleven  are  endowed  but  are  free  to  the  public. 
This  we  learn  from  the  current  Report  of  the 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


293 


Illinois  Library  Extension  Commission,  which 
leaves  unelucidated  the  exact  nature  of  the 
fifty  libraries  unaccounted  for  in  the  fore- 
going. Comparison,  not  unfavorable,  is  d.rawn 
with  the  library  equipment  of  neighboring 
states,  Wisconsin  having  167  public  libraries, 
Indiana  145.  Missouri  39,  Iowa  152.  Yet  the 
undisputed  fact  remains,  laments  the  statisti- 
cian, that  there  are  still  seventeen  counties  in 
Illinois  with  no  public  library,  and  fifty-two 
cities,  of  two  thousand  or  more  inhabitants, 
also  lacking  in  this  important  respect. 


COMMUNICATION. 

"THE  DOCTOR"  AND  "TRISTRAM  SHANDY." 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

On  opening  the  first  volume  of  Southey's 
"  Doctor,"  and  noticing  the  delta  with  lines  from 
the  three  angles  meeting  at  the  centre  (it  is  pre- 
sented later  in  the  text),  one  may  or  may  not  think 
of  the  astonishing  illustrations  to  Sterne's  "  Tris- 
tram Shandy."  But  as  soon  as  the  reader  finds 
that  the  first  seven  chapters  run  backwards,  he  can- 
not but  remember  how  the  chapters  of  the  Opinions 
of  Tristram  were  continually  losimg  ground  as  his 
life  progressed.  Next  comes  a  belated  preface, — 
though  not  so  long  belated  as  was  Sterne's.  Then 
after  the  eighth  forward-moving  chapter  there  is 
one  of  a  new  sort,  the  heading  of  which,  "  Inter- 
chapter  I.,"  is  given  only  at  the  end;  and  this 
recalls  the  oddity  of  Sterne's  chapters, —  e.  g.,  the 
empty  ones.  Nor  does  the  mechanical  resemblance 
end  here,  for  (to  pass  by  Southey's  various  liberties 
in  pointing)  on  page  28  a  secret  is  offered  to  us  in 
a  series  of  groups  of  stars ;  it  needs  not  to  mention 
the  use  of  this  device  in  the  early  life  of  Tristram. 

But  to  pass  from  these  mechanical  resemblances 
to  the  similarity  of  style.  The  account  which  the 
author  of  "  The  Doctor "  gives  of  the  conception 
of  his  book  shows  him  to  be  a  direct  descendant  of 
Mr.  Shandy :  there  is  the  same  nonchalant  descrip- 
tion, the  same  scrappiness  of  conversation.  But 
really  the  best  way  to  illustrate  is  to  quote  the  first 
paragraph : 

"  I  was  in  the  fourth  night  of  the  story  of  the 
Doctor  and  his  horse,  and  had  broken  it  off,  not  like 
Scheherezade  because  it  was  time  to  get  up,  but 
because  it  was  time  to  go  to  bed.  It  was  at  thirty- 
five  minutes  after  ten  o'clock,  on  the  20th  of  July  in 
the  year  of  our  Lord  1813.  I  finished  my  glass  of 
punch,  tinkled  the  spoon  against  its  side,  as  if  making 
music  to  my  meditations,  and  having  my  eyes  fixed 
upon  the  Bhow  Begum,  who  was  sitting  opposite  to 
me  at  the  head  of  her  own  table,  I  said,  '  It  ought  to 
be  written  in  a  Book!  '  " 

And  Sterne's  style  in  addressing  his  reader,  best 
remembered  from  his  charge  to  the  reader  to  go 
back  and  re-read  so  as  to  pick  up  a  lost  point,  has 
also  been  caught  by  the  author  of  "  The  Doctor," 
at  first,  it  must  be  remembered,  an  anonymous 
author.  He  says,  almost  at  the  end  of  the  first 
volume :  "  Reader,  you  may  skip  this  preliminary 
account  if  you  please,  but  it  will  be  to  your  loss 
if  you  do !  " 


In  the  material  used,  the  two  books  resemble  one 
another  unmistakably.  "  The  Doctor  "  is  as  full  of 
quotations  as  "Tristram  Shandy,"  —  quotations 
from  the  most  surprising  sources;  but  of  course 
all  the  quotations  are  attributed  to  their  authors, 
and  so  when  Burton  is  used  in  the  later  work 
(vi.,  227)  his  name  is  given  with  high  praise.  Yet 
no  one  could  find  in  Southey  that  clever  use  of  the 
material  which  seems  to  justify  Sterne's  unac- 
knowledged appropriation:  Southey's  product  is 
a  pretty  heavy  one.  But,  it  may  be  asked,  what 
about  those  incidents  of  Sterne's  which  have  been 
the  subject  of  so  much  reproach  and  so  much 

apology  ?    Surely  Southey  could  not !    Two 

of  the  incidents  in  "  The  Doctor  "  would  shock  the 
present  taste  quite  as  much  as  most  of  those  in 
"  Tristram  Shandy."  Both  of  them  are  neatly  im- 
plied,—  full  preliminary  description  and  then 
clever  hints.  The  author  shows  his  relish  for  them, 
however,  in  a  more  honest  way  than  his  earlier 
model.  After  the  first,  an  adventure  of  the  Doctor's 
boyhood,  the  author  in  a  conversation  with  Miss 
Graveairs  (chap,  xix.)  justifies  his  previous  chap- 
ter: she  may  banish  Tristram  Shandy  as  well  as 
Smollett,  Fielding,  and  Richardson,  but  she  must 
not  banish  the  Doctor !  The  other  notable  incident 
is  of  the  origin  of  Nobs,  the  Doctor's  horse,  told 
with  a  capital  comical-serious  air.  But  when  we 
are  half  way  through  the  next  volume,  we  are  given 
a  "  Chapter  Extraordinary,"  in  which  we  are  told 
that  a  certain  club  has  excised  a  chapter  in  vol- 
ume four,  and  that  the  author  is  accused  of  "  lese 
delicatesse  "  or  "  tum-ti-tee."  The  author's  defence 
is  remarkably  amusing,  not  least  so  in  the  introduc- 
tion of  the  name  of  Southey, —  a  common  trick 
throughout  the  book. 

One  reference  to  Sterne  has  already  been  given, 
and  there  are  several  others.  The  bohemian  con- 
versation between  my  Uncle  Toby  and  Corporal 
Trim  is  quoted  (iv.,  376)  and  later  referred  to 
(v.,  313).  Here  is  a  frank  confession  of  the 
author's  taste  (v.,  163) :  "  I  will  tell  thee  however, 
good  reader,  that  the  word  itself,  apart  from  all 
considerations  of  its  mystical  meaning,  serves  me 
for  the  same  purpose  to  which  the  old  tune  of  Lilli- 
burlero  was  applied  by  our  dear  Uncle  Toby, —  our 
dear  Uncle  I  say,  for  is  he  not  your  Uncle  Toby, 
gentle  Reader?  yours  as  well  as  mine,  if  you  are 
worthy  to  hold  him  in  such  relationship ;  and  so  by 
that  relationship,  you  and  I  are  Cousins."  Our 
Uncle's  tune  is  mentioned  once  again  (vi.,  361). 
In  another  place  Southey  says  he  agrees  with  Mr. 
Shandy  in  disliking  short  noses  (v.,  231. —  cf.  vii., 
489) ;  why  does  he  not  mention  him  again  in  the 
consideration  of  Onomantia  and  Arithemomantia 
(vi.,  86)  or  that  of  Christian  names  (vii.,  249)  ? 
A  quotation  from  Sterne's  Sermons  (vi.,  247, — 
also  vii.,  181),  and  a  criticism  of  his  carrying  his 
secular  style  into  the  pulpit,  will  serve  to  show  how 
much  more  steady  Southey's  judgment  was  than 
Sterne's.  Thus  are  we  brought  around  to  notice 
the  vigorous  and  stable  views  of  life  which  make  up 
a  large  part  of  "  The  Doctor";  while  such 'views 
are  not  to  be  found  in  "  Tristram  Shandy." 

RUSSELL  OSBOBNE  STIDSTON. 

University  of  Illinois,  April  6,  1915. 


294 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15 


FRIENDLY  JJETTERS  OF  A  WANDERING 
NATURALIST.* 


John  Muir's  autobiography,  brief  and  in- 
complete though  it  unfortunately  is,  has 
traced  for  us  in  delightful  fashion  the  gifted 
Scottish  lad's  development  under  the  dis- 
cipline of  a  harsh  but  salutary  schooling,  and 
no  reader  of  that  book  can  have  failed  to 
hunger  for  further  chapters  in  continuation 
of  its  fascinating  story.  Those  chapters  can 
now  never  be  written  by  the  same  hand  that 
penned  the  earlier  ones,  but  a  partial  substi- 
tute for  them  is  offered  in  a  collection  of 
"Letters  to  a  Friend"  covering  the  years 
1866-79.  But  it  is  incorrect  to  speak  of  these 
letters  as  covering  the  thirteen  and  a  half 
years  over  which  they  are  scattered.  The 
writer  was  too  much  interested  in  the  won- 
ders of  the  world  he  roamed  so  extensively  to 
spare  time  for  describing  his  travels  in  any 
detail.  It  is,  however,  this  very  impatience  of 
the  drudgery  of  writing  that  causes  him  to 
pack  into  what  he  does  write  as  much  signifi- 
cance as  the  words  can  well  convey.  Poverty 
of  thought  is  the  last  fault  that  will  be 
charged  against  him.  Hence  the  unusual 
readability,  not  to  say  charm,  of  these  brief 
letters,  filling  in  all  not  quite  two  hundred 
uncrowded  pages. 

They  were  written  in  the  impressionable 
years  of  early  manhood,  soon  after  their 
writer  had  completed  his  four  years  of  unpre- 
scribed  studies  at  the  University  of  Wiscon- 
sin and  had,  as  he  picturesquely  expresses  it 
in  his  autobiography,  "wandered  away  on  a 
glorious  botanical  and  geological  excursion, 
which  has  lasted  nearly  fifty  years  and  is  not 
yet  completed,  always  happy  and  free,  poor 
and  rich,  without  thought  of  a  diploma  or  of 
making  a  name,  urged  on  and  on  through 
endless,  inspiring,  Godful  beauty."  As  to 
the  fortunate  receiver  of  these  random  letters 
by  the  way,  the  reader  is  informed  in  a  brief 
prefatory  note  that  "when  John  Muir  was  a 
student  in  the  University  of  Wisconsin  he 
was  a  frequent  caller  at  the  house  of  Dr. 
Ezra  S.  Carr.  The  kindness  shown  him  there, 
and  especially  the  sympathy  which  Mrs.  Carr, 
as  a  botanist  and  a  lover  of  nature,  felt  in  the 
young  man's  interests  and  aims,  led  to  the 
formation  of  a  lasting  friendship.  He  re- 
garded Mrs.  Carr,  indeed,  as  his  'spiritual 
mother,'  and  his  letters  to  her  in  later  years 
are  the  outpourings  of  a  sensitive  spirit  to  one 

*  LETTERS  TO  A  FRIEND.  Written  to  Mrs.  Ezra  S.  Carr, 
1866-1879.  By  John  Muir.  (Limited  edition.)  Boston: 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 


who  he  felt  thoroughly  understood  and  sym- 
pathized with  him.  These  letters  are  therefore 
peculiarly  revealing  of  their  writer's  person- 
ality. Most  of  them  were  written  from  the 
Yosemite  Valley,  and  they  give  a  good  notion 
of  the  life  Muir  led  there,  sheep-herding, 
guiding,  and  tending  a  sawmill  at  intervals 
to  earn  his  daily  bread,  but  devoting  his  real 
self  to  an  ardent  scientific  study  of  glacial 
geology  and  a  joyous  and  reverent  communion 
with  Nature." 

It  is  not  surprising  to  find  that  one  who  as 
a  boy  had  so  wonderful  a  knack  at  inventing 
"machines  for  keeping  time  and  getting  up 
in  the  morning,  and  so  forth,"  was  not  lack- 
ing, when  it  came  to  letter-writing,  in  the 
literary  devices  that  impart  liveliness  and 
character  to  the  written  word  —  as  will  ap- 
pear from  such  selections  as  available  space 
will  here  allow  the  reviewer  to  reproduce.  As 
a  continuation  of  what  we  already  know  from 
Muir's  own  story  of  his  native  skill  in  devis- 
ing and  fashioning  all  sorts  of  strange  and 
more  or  less  useful  mechanical  contrivances, 
the  very  first  letter  in  the  book,  showing  the 
young  man  as  a  factory  hand  somewhere  in 
western  Canada,  is  of  interest.  He  writes: 

"  I  have  been  very  busy  of  late  making  practical 
machinery.  I  like  my  work  exceedingly,  but  would 
prefer  inventions  which  would  require  some  artis- 
tic as  well  as  mechanical  skill.  I  invented  and  put 
in  operation  a  few  days  ago  an  attachment  for  a 
self-acting  lathe,  which  has  increased  its  capacity 
at  least  one  third.  We  are  now  using  it  to  turn 
broom-handles,  and  as  these  useful  articles  may 
now  be  made  cheaper,  and  as  cleanliness  is  one  of 
the  cardinal  virtues,  I  congratulate  myself  in  hav- 
ing done  something  like  a  true  philanthropist  for 
the  real  good  of  mankind  in  general.  What  say 
you?  I  have  also  invented  a  machine  for  making 
rake-teeth,  and  another  for  boring  for  them  and 
driving  them,  and  still  another  for  making  the 
bows,  still  another  used  in  making  the  handles, 
still  another  for  bending  them,  so  that  rakes  may 
now  be  made  nearly  as  fast  again.  Farmers  will 
be  able  to  produce  grain  at  a  lower  rate,  the  poor 
get  more  bread  to  eat.  Here  is  more  philan- 
thropy; is  it  not?  I  sometimes  feel  as  though  I 
was  losing  time  here,  but  I  am  at  least  receiving 
my  first  lessons  in  practical  mechanics,  and  as  one 
of  the  firm  here  is  a  millwright,  and  as  I  am  per- 
mitted to  make  as  many  machines  as  I  please  and 
to  remodel  those  now  in  use,  the  school  is  a  pretty 
good  one." 

From  Canada  to  Indiana,  thence  to  Wis- 
consin, thence  again  to  Florida  and  Cuba  and 
Panama  and  elsewhere  in  the  South,  and 
finally  to  California  and  the  beloved  home  of 
mountains  and  glaciers  and  other  manifesta- 
tions of  untamed  nature,  we  follow  the  eager 
and  adventurous  young  scientist,  finding  him 
more  nearly  stationary  for  a  considerable 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


295 


period  in  the  Yosemite  than  at  any  previous 
stage  in  his  journeyings.  As  exhibiting 
powers  both  of  observation  and  of  description, 
as  well  as  a  fine  artistic  sense,  the  following 
from  this  paradise  of  scenic  delights  is  note- 
worthy : 

" '  The  Spirit '  has  again  led  me  into  the  wilder- 
ness, in  opposition  to  all  counter  attractions,  and 
I  am  once  more  in  the  glory  of  the  Yosemite.  .  .  . 
I  wish  you  could  have  seen  the  edge  of  the  snow- 
cloud  which  hovered,  oh,  so  soothingly,  down  to 
the  grand  Pilot  Peak  brows,  discharging  its 
heaven-begotten  snows  with  such  unmistakable 
gentleness  and  moving  perhaps  with  conscious 
love  from  pine  to  pine  as  if  bestowing  separate 
and  independent  blessings  upon  each.  In  a  few 
hours  we  climbed  under  and  into  this  glorious 
storm-cloud.  What  a  harvest  of  crystal  flowers 
and  what  wind  songs  were  gathered  from  the 
spiry  firs  and  the  long  fringy  arms  of  the  Lam- 
bert pine!  .  .  .  After  making  a  fire  with  some 
cedar  rails,  I  went  out  to  watch  the  coming-on  of 
the  darkness,  which  was  most  impressively  sub- 
lime. Next  morning  was  every  way  the  purest 
creation  I  ever  beheld.  The  little  flat,  spot-like  in 
the  massive  spiring  woods,  was  in  splendid  vesture 
of  universal  white,  upon  which  the  grand  forest- 
edge  was  minutely  repeated  and  covered  with  a 
close  sheet  of  snow  flowers." 

Though  lacking  metre,  this  is  as  good  as 
Lowell's  poem,  "The  First  Snow-Fail,"  and 
in  the  next  paragraph  the  writer  surpasses 
Lowell  in  originality  (though  not  always  in 
beauty)  of  imagery  when  he  adds:  "The 
common  snow  flowers  belong  to  the  sky  and  in 
storms  are  blown  about  like  ripe  petals  in  an 
orchard.  They  settle  on  the  ground,  the  bot- 
tom of  the  atmospheric  sea,  like  mud  or  leaves 
in  a  lake,  and  upon  this  soil,  this  field  of 
broken  sky  flowers,  grows  a  luxuriant  carpet 
of  crystal  vegetation  complete  and  ripe  in  a 
single  night."  But  such  scenes  as  these 
beguiled  him  into  no  merely  passive  contem- 
plation of  their  charms.  The  lure  of  the  moun- 
tains beckoned  him  forth,  and  he  went  with 
alacrity.  In  another  letter  from  the  same 
region  we  read : 

"  I  have  climbed  more  than  twenty-four  thou- 
sand -feet  in  these  ten  days,  three  times  to  the  top 
of  the  glacieret  of  Mt.  Hoffman,  and  once  to  Mts. 
Lyell  and  McClure.  I  have  bagged  a  quantity  of 
Tuolumne  rocks  sufficient  to  build  a  dozen 
Yosemites;  stripes  of  cascades  longer  than  ever, 
lacy  or  smooth  and  white  as  pressed  snow;  a 
glacier  basin  with  ten  glassy  lakes  set  all  near 
together  like  eggs  in  a  nest;  then  El  Capitan  and 
a  couple  of  Tissiacks,  canons  glorious  with  yellows 
and  reds  of  mountain  maple  and  aspen  and  honey- 
suckle and  ash  and  new  indescribable  music  im- 
measurable from  strange  waters  and  winds,  and 
glaciers,  too,  flowing  and  grinding,  alive  as  any  on 
earth.  Shall  I  pull  you  out  some?  Here  is  a 
clean,  white-skinned  glacier  from  the  back  of 
McClure  with  glassy  emerald  flesh  and  singing 


crystal  blood  all  bright  and  pure  as  a  sky,  yet 
handling  mud  and  stones  like  a  navvy,  building 
moraines  like  a  plodding  Irishman.  Here  is  a  cas- 
cade two  hundred  feet  wide,  half  a  mile  long, 
glancing  this  way  and  that,  filled  with  bounce  and 
dance  and  joyous  hurrah,  yet  earnest  as  tempest, 
and  singing  like  angels  loose  on  a  frolic  from 
heaven;  and  here  are  more  cascades  and  more, 
broad  and  flat  like  clouds  and  fringed  like  flowing 
hair,  with  occasional  falls  erect  as  pines,  and  lakes 
like  glowing  eyes;  and  here  are  visions  and 
dreams,  and  a  splendid  set  of  ghosts,  too  many  for 
ink  and  narrow  paper." 

Pathetic  is  the  earlier  record  of  an  accident 
that  threatened  to  incapacitate  its  victim  for 
seeing  with  full  enjoyment  such  sights  as 
those  just  described.  An  injury  to  the  right 
eye  in  those  days  of  work  with  machines  gave 
Mr.  Muir  what  must  have  been  in  every  sense 
a  gloomy  month  or  two;  and  one  is  left  to 
infer  that  the  impairment  of  vision  was  never 
fully  made  good,  though  Mrs.  Carr's  corre- 
spondent was  the  last  person  to  waste  time  and 
energy  in  making  moan  over  the  irremediable. 

One  closes  the  letters  with  a  desire  for 
more,  for  later  and  still  richer  records  of 
varying  experience,  for  intimate  interchange 
of  thought  and  personal  history  with  such 
sympathetic  friends  and  co-workers  in  na- 
ture's laboratory  as,  for  instance,  that  other 
John  of  equal  fame  and  kindred  tastes,  the 
"John  of  the  birds"  about  whom  Dr.  Clara 
Barrus  has  recently  written  with  so  much  of 
understanding  and  interpretative  skill.  Is  it 
too  much  to  hope  that  some  such  collection  of 
later  letters  may  ere  long  be  published? 
Meantime  we  thank  Mrs.  Carr  for  sharing 
with  us  this  feast  of  good  things  spread  by 
the  hand  of  her  gifted  friend. 

PERCY  F.  BICKNELL,. 


PRAISE  OF  WAR.* 


Professor  Cramb's  book  on  "Germany  and 
England,"  published  last  fall,  aroused  such 
interest  that  it  has  been  deemed  worth  while 
to  reprint  a  course  of  lectures  he  delivered  in 
1900,  under  the  stimulus  of  the  Boer  war.  The 
style  and  general  purpose  so  closely  resemble 
those  of  the  other  book,  that  much  of  what  we 
said  in  THE  DIAL  of  October  16  last  is  equally 
applicable  here.  We  are,  in  fact,  impressed 
with  the  idea  that  Professor  Cramb's  intellec- 
tual activities  revolved  around  a  single  great 
central  postulate,  which  for  all  practical  pur- 
poses he  treated  as  an  axiom.  A  close  student 
of  recorded  history,  with  all  its  distortion  of 
the  true  facts  of  human  development,  he  had 
come  to  see  in  Empire  the  consummation  of 

*  ORIGINS  AND  DESTINY  OF  IMPERIAL  BRITAIN  and  Nine- 
teenth Century  Europe.  By  J.  A.  Cramb.  With  portrait. 
New  York :  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 


296 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15 


man 's  destiny,  and  in  war  the  means  whereby 
the  highest  good  might  be  attained.  Thus  he 
viewed  the  modern  world  through  ancient 
spectacles,  and  interpreted  it  according  to  his 
vision.  As  an  extraordinarily  able  exposition 
of  his  particular  point  of  view,  one  which  is 
widely  shared  and  is  very  largely  responsible 
for  the  present  war,  the  work  is  highly  signifi- 
cant. As  a  revelation  of  truth  or  a  contribu- 
tion to  progress,  it  appears  to  have  only  a 
negative  value. 

It  would  be  altogether  unjust  to  Professor 
Cramb  to  fail  to  recognize  that  he  was  essen- 
tially an  idealist,  and  therefore  far  removed 
from  those  who  would  extend  the  bounds  of 
Empire  or  wage  war  for  mere  material  gain. 
After  vehemently  declaring  that  the  South 
African  war  was  being  waged  for  ideal  ends, 
for  the  good  indeed  of  those  to  be  conquered, 
he  refers  to  another  theory  in  these  terms : 

"  To  assemble  a  host  from  all  the  quarters  of  this 
wide  Empire,  to  make  Africa,  as  it  were,  the  ren- 
dezvous of  the  earth,  for  the  sake  of  a  few  gold,  a 
few  diamond  mines,  what  language  can  equal  a 
design  thus  base,  ambition  thus  sordid?  ...  No 
man  can  believe  that ;  no  man,  save  him  whose  soul 
faction  has  sealed  in  impenetrable  night!  The 
imagination  recoils  revolted,  terror-struck.  Great 
enterprises  have  ever  attracted  some  base  adher- 
ents, and  these  by  their  very  presence  seem  to  sully 
every  achievement  recorded  of  nations  or  cities. 
But  to  arraign  the  fountain  and  the  end  of  the  high 
action  because  of  this  baser  alloy?  To  impeach  on 
this  account  all  the  valour,  all  the  wisdom  long 
approved  ?  Reply  is  impossible ;  the  thing  simply 
is  not  British." 

On  the  positive  side,  the  eloquent  descrip- 
tion of  Britain 's  mission  as  a  world  ruler,  with 
its  acceptance  of  responsibility  for  the  good  of 
the  ruled,  can  hardly  fail  to  awaken  some  sym- 
pathetic response: 

"  But  a  greater  task  awaits  Britain.  Among  the 
races  of  the  earth  whose  fate  is  already  dependent, 
or  within  a  brief  period  will  be  dependent  upon 
Europe,  what  empire  is  to  aid  them,  moving  with 
nature,  to  attain  that  harmony  which  Dante  dis- 
cerned? What  empire,  disregarding  the  mediaeval 
ideal,  the  effort  to  impose  upon  them  systems,  rites, 
institutions,  creeds,  to  which  they  are  by  nature,  by 
their  history,  by  inherited  pride  in  the  traditions  of 
the  past,  hostile  or  invincibly  opposed,  will  adven- 
ture the  new,  the  loftier  enterprise  of  development 
[developing?]  all  that  is  permanent  and  divine 
within  their  own  civilizations,  institutions,  rites  and 
creeds?  Nature  and  the  dead  shall  lend  their  un- 
seen but  mighty  alliance  to  such  purpose!  Thus 
will  Britain  turn  to  the  uses  of  humanity  the  valour 
or  the  fortune  which  has  brought  the  religions  of 
India  and  the  power  of  Islam  beneath  her  sway. 
.  .  .  With  us,  let  me  repeat,  the  decision  rests,  with 
us  and  with  this  generation.  Never  since  on  Sinai 
God  spoke  in  thunder  has  mandate  more  imperative 
been  issued  to  any  race,  city,  or  nation  than  now  to 
this  nation  and  to  this  people.  And,  again,  if  we 


should  hesitate,  or  if  we  should  decide  wrongly,  it 
is  not  the  loss  of  prestige,  it  is  not  the  narrower 
bounds  we  have  to  fear,  it  is  the  judgment  of  the 
dead  and  the  despair  of  the  living,  of  the  inarticu- 
late myriads  who  have  trusted  to  us,  it  is  the 
arraigning  eyes  of  the  unborn." 

On  the  other  hand : 

"  The  earthly  Paradise  of  the  social  reformer,  a 
Saint  Simon  or  a  Fourier,  of  a  world  free  from 
war  and  devoted  to  agriculture  and  commerce,  or 
of  the  philosophic  evolutionist  of  a  world  peopled 
by  myriads  of  happy  altruists  bounding  from  bath 
to  breakfast-room,  illumined  and  illumining  by 
their  healthy  and  mutual  smiles,  differs  from  the 
earlier  fancies  of  Asgard  and  the  Isles  of  the  Blest, 
not  in  heightened  nobility  and  reasonableness,  but 
in  diminished  beauty  and  poetry." 

Thus  the  tables  are  turned  upon  us,  and  we 
find  ourselves  appearing  as  the  apostles  of 
material  good,  ease,  or  inanity;  while  Mars 
stands  out  as  the  great  idealist,  and  he  who 
will  not  kill  may  not  himself  possess  life  in 
any  true  sense.  It  is  the  art  of  the  conjurer, 
of  the  skilled  lawyer,  eagerly  presenting  that 
part  of  the  case  to  which  the  jury  must  assent, 
then  passing  rapidly  to  a  conclusion,  ignoring 
the  non  sequitur,  and  skilfully  fooling  the 
untrained  audience,  not  nimble-minded  enough 
to  detect  the  break  in  the  chain.  In  the  case 
of  Professor  Cramb,  however,  the  deception  is 
doubtless  unconscious,  and  the  author  of  the 
trick  has  succeeded  in  deceiving  himself. 

What  are  the  actual  facts  in  the  case  ?  It  is 
true,  in  a  large  sense,  that  the  British  Empire 
has  been  and  is  in  a  multitude  of  ways  a  benefi- 
cent institution;  largely  because  it  has  put 
down  war  and  the  petty  struggle  for  dominion 
within  its  boundaries.*  Most  of  us  believe,  and 
have  constantly  in  our  minds  at  the  present 
time,  that  the  ideals  of  the  existing  Anglo- 
Saxon  race  are  the  best,  the  most  workable,  yet 
evolved  by  any  people  in  the  world.  We  recog- 
nize, of  course,  that  still  better  ideals  lie  in  the 
lap  of  the  future,  inform  the  minds  of  the 
most  progressive,  and  tinge  the  thought  of 
multitudes  who  do  not  consciously  hold  them. 
Even  these,  however,  seem  to  spring  out  of  the 
civilization  we  have,  though  they  may  imply 
great  changes  in  some  of  our  major  activities. 
Each  one  of  us,  then,  is  in  a  sense  the  soldier  of 
an  empire  of  thought  which  we  desire  to  see 
dominate  the  world.  In  many  respects,  we 
are  more  aggressive,  less  modest,  than  Profes- 
sor Cramb.  Humbug  is  humbug,  and  error  is 
error,  and  bacteria  are  no  respecters  of  ancient 
religion.  We  propose  to  ourselves  nothing 

*  A  few  years  ago  the  reviewer  was  conversing  with  an 
educated  Hindu,  a  fervent  apostle  of  "  India  for  the  Indians." 
The  point  was  presented,  that  in  pre-British  days  the  people 
of  India  continually  struggled  together,  and  altogether  suf- 
fered greatly.  Said  the  Hindu :  "  Were  the  British  to  go,  we 
should  not  be  so  well  governed,  but  we  should  prefer  to  govern 
ourselves,  even  at  the  expense  of  loss  of  efficiency."  This  man, 
however,  represented  a  governing  class. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


297 


less  than  the  genuine  enlightenment  of  the 
world  as  to  the  facts  of  nature  and  the  ascer- 
tainable  natural  laws  which  govern  the  affairs 
of  man.  We  propose  even  more  than  this, — 
namely,  such  reformation  of  customs  and  of 
conduct  as  shall  meet  the  requirements  of  these 
laws. 

We  believe  in  the  struggle  for  progress;  it 
seems  to  us,  as  it  did  to  Professor  Cramb,  that 
if  it  were  ever  to  come  to  pass  that  mankind 
had  attained  everything  worth  striving  for, 
Nirvana  would  be  the  best  consummation .  The 
postulate  is,  however,  absurd,  contrary  to  all 
experience  and  reasonable  expectation.  The 
very  fact  that  a  new  generation  is  constantly 
appearing  on  the  stage  is  an  eternal  guarantee 
against  staleness.  The  extraordinary  expan- 
sion of  experience  due  to  modern  science  does 
but  reveal  untold  vistas  ahead.  Thus  the 
black  bogy  of  the  militarists  is  as  unreal  as 
any  with  which  nurse  ever  frightened  child. 

Then,  as  to  ideals:  we  may  as  well  frankly 
recognize  that  we  have  an  eye  on  the  practical 
thing,  even  on  the  bread-and-butter  aspect. 
The  revolt  in  philosophy  known  as  pragmatism 
must  have  its  parallel  in  practical  affairs. 
The  fallacy  that  all  high  emotion,  all  inflation 
of  soul,  has  some  adequate  relation  to  any  sort 
of  utility  must  be  abandoned.  It  is  the  work 
of  the  genuinely  modern  idealist  to  test  all 
things,  to  see  the  consequences  of  this  or  that, 
and  act  accordingly.  Thus  the  man  with  the 
microscope  and  the  test-tube,  not  the  man  with 
the  gun,  has  the  real  power  to  determine 
human  fate. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  declare  all  war  wrong. 
Any  one  of  us  can  imagine  a  situation  in 
which  he  would  kill  a  man  without  hesitation 
and  with  little  regret.  Forcible  resistance  to 
aggression,  and  the  forcible  suppression  of 
dangerous  characters,  remain  as  necessary  as 
ever.  This,  however,  is  a  totally  different 
thing  from  that  proposed  by  Professor  Cramb, 
—  namely,  the  expansion  of  Empire  through 
war,  and  a  succession  of  wars  to  determine 
which  of  rival  Empires  is  the  most  alive.  That 
is  the  ancient  fallacy,  founded  in  a  classical 
education  and  the  distorted  presentations  of 
historians,  which  we  must  do\vn  before  any 
real  democracy  is  possible.  The  root  of  the 
trouble,  as  we  said  before,  is  educational,  and 
the  question  now  is  whether  the  modern 
teacher  can  rise  to  meet  the  need  and  the 
opportunity.  At  present,  on  the  whole,  his 
efforts  seem  quite  inadequate. 

As  for  the  British  Empire,  everything  indi- 
cates that  it  is  going  forward  along  a  true 
path  of  progress,  of  free  cooperation,  governed 
by  like  ideals,  not  by  force.  This  means 
political  disintegration,  increasing  local  au- 


tonomy, and  special  developments  suited  to 
local  conditions.  The  United  States,  by  lan- 
guage and  by  customs,  is  necessarily  part  of 
the  whole  great  plan.  We  quite  agree  with 
Professor  Cramb  that  a  momentous  decision 
awaits  our  race ;  but  it  is  not,  we  hope,  to  be 
made  in  the  sense  he  desired.  The  real  ques- 
tion is  whether  we  can  develop  individuals 
and  groups  of  individuals  to  the  best  expres- 
sion of  their  peculiar  powers,  without  in- 
fringement on  the  rights  of  other  like  persons 
and  groups.  Can  we  exercise  that  eternal 
vigilance, —  in  this  case  principally  over  our- 
selves,—  which  is  the  price  of  liberty  ?  If  this 
is  possible,  we  need  no  longer  ask  ourselves 
whether  England  or  Germany,  the  United 
States  or  Canada,  Australia,  Japan,  or  China 
is  to  rule  the  world  in  the  days  to  come. 

T.  D.  A.   COCKERELL. 


FANTASTIC  SOLUTIONS  OF  SOME 
SHAKESPEAREAN  CRUXES.* 


Having  read,  in  the  publishers'  advertise- 
ment, of  Mr.  Charles  D.  Stewart's  "astound- 
ing success"  in  clearing  up  "the  famous 
cruxes  which  have  remained  unsolved  in 
Shakespeare's  plays,"  "forty  of  the  most 
perplexing  passages  which  have  heretofore 
baffled  all  attempts  at  explanation,"  we 
turned  eagerly  —  though  with  misgivings  be- 
gotten by  the  overloud  thunderings  in  the 
index  and  by  recollections  of  former  expe- 
riences—  to  Mr.  Stewart's  volume  and  de- 
voured the  first  chapter,  dealing  with  the 
notorious  "runaway's  eyes"  in  "Romeo  and 
Juliet. ' '  Our  disappointment  was  greater  than 
we  had  anticipated.  But  undeterred  by  the 
author's  wholly  unwarranted  cocksureness, 
contempt  for  his  predecessors,  longwinded- 
ness,  and  other  characteristics  of  juvenility, 
we  faithfully — and  hungeringly  —  read  on. 
Disappointment  grew  keener  and  keener  as 
we  read,  and  steadily  the  conviction  shaped 
itself  that  here  was  one  of  those  books  that 
had  no  other  excuse  for  existence  than  the 
gratification  of  the  author's  vanity  ("ambi- 
tious ignorance,"  Mr.  Stewart  calls  it  some- 
where) and,  perhaps,  the  ill-advised  flattery 
of  his  friends. 

Mr.  Stewart's  book  is  intended,  and  can  be 
intended,  only  for  professed  Shakespeare 
scholars;  to  others  the  discussion  of  some  of 
the  most  vexatious  and  probably  corrupt  pas- 
sages in  Shakespeare's  text  is  of  absolutely  no 
interest.  Only  a  Shakespeare  scholar  is  com- 
petent to  deal  with  such  questions;  for  the 
discussion  of  these  problems  involves  a  special 

*  SOME  TEXTUAL  DIFFICULTIES  IN  SHAKESPEARE.  By  Charles 
D.  Stewart.  New  Haven :  Yale  University  Press. 


298 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15 


and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  text,  not  only 
as  it  is  but  how  it  came  to  be  so,  of  the  plays 
as  a  whole,  of  psychology,  of  Elizabethan 
English,  and  of  kindred  subjects.  Mr.  Stew- 
art, we  regret  to  say,  not  only  lacks  these 
qualifications  but  is  obsessed  with  a  desire  to 
prove  that  all  his  predecessors  lacked  common 
sense  and  that  he  alone  of  all  of  Shakespeare 's 
readers  possesses  the  ability  "to  follow 
Shakespeare  in  his  dealings  with  the  deeper 
currents  of  human  nature."  But  if  there  is 
any  one  particular  vice  of  which  this  latest 
elucidator  of  Shakespeare's  text  is  guilty  it  is 
an  almost  mad  desire  to  vindicate,  at  all  costs, 
the  readings  of  the  First  Folio, —  a  task  that 
has  led  him  into  almost  as  many  absurdities 
as  the  number  of  difficult  passages  with  which 
he  deals.  To  justify  this  condemnation  of 
Mr.  Stewart's  methods  and  results,  let  us  here 
epitomize  and  analyze  a  few  of  his  readings 
and  interpretations. 

In  the  first  scene  of  "Antony  and  Cleo- 
patra" a  messenger  enters  the  presence  of 
the  lovers  and  this  colloquy  ensues : 

"Mess.    News,  my  good  lord,  from  Rome. 
Ant.  Grates  me:  the  sum. 

Cleo.     Nay,  hear  them,  Antony." 

Almost  all  readers  of  Shakespeare  understand 
from  this  that  Antony  is  irritated  at  the  ar- 
rival of  news  from  Csesar  and  Fulvia,  and 
that  he  does  not  want  the  messenger  to  go 
into  details  but  to  give  a  concise  summary  of 
his  message.  But  this  interpretation  is  too 
easy  for  Mr.  Stewart.  He  says : 

"  Antony's  words,  '  the  sum,'  are  in  answer  to 
Cleopatra's  foregoing  inquiry  as  to  how  much  he 
loves  her.  .  .  .  [He]  is  beginning  to  expatiate 
upon  that  pleasant  theme,  [when]  the  messenger 

arrives  and  interrupts  him.  .  .  .  '  The  sum ,' 

he  begins,  but  is  again  interrupted.  The  line 
should  be  printed  with  a  dash  after  it  to  indicate 
that  he  has  begun  a  sentence  which  is  broken  off." 

Mr.  Stewart's  arguments  for  his  emendation 
of  the  accepted  text  are  that  the  messenger 
does  not  immediately  answer,  that  Antony 
seems  Kot  inclined  to  listen  to  him,  and  that 
Cleopatra  enjoins  her  lover  to  "hear  them." 
But  all  this  shows  a  complete  failure  on  the 
part  of  Mr.  Stewart  to  understand  this  simple 
passage,  or  to  enter  into  the  feelings  of  the 
characters.  Antony,  conscious  of  guilt  and 
apprehending  the  nature  of  the  news,  and 
knowing  that  he  must  hear  it,  wants  the  dis- 
agreeable matter  disposed  of  as  quickly  as 
possible.  Besides,  he  does  not  want  to  show 
Cleopatra  that  he  is  afraid  to  hear  the  news 
from  Rome  in  her  presence.  Impatiently  and 
f rowningly  he  asks  for  the  news  in  a  nutshell ; 
whereupen  Cleopatra,  womanlike,  knowing 
what  is  passing  through  his  mind,  finds  here 


an  excellent  opportunity  to  test  the  true 
quality  of  his  love  and,  pretending  to  be  un- 
concerned, she  says  in  effect :  ' '  Nay,  give 
heedful  ear  to  the  messenger."  And  thus 
this  woman  of  infinite  variety,  whose  mere 
presence  is  a  challenge  to  her  lover  to  hear  his 
wife's  message,  taunts  him  into  not  hearing 
it.  Much  of  this  would  have  been  clear  to 
Mr.  Stewart  had  he  remembered,  or  known, 
that  "to  hear"  was  often  employed  by  the 
Elizabethans  in  the  sense  of  "to  listen  pa- 
tiently and  attentively."  Besides,  would 
Shakespeare  ever  have  been  guilty  of  making 
Antony  do  anything  so  superfluous  and  so 
commonplace  as  to  attempt  "to  tell  the 
amount  of  his  love"  just  after  he  had  said 
"there's  beggary  in  the  love  that  can  be 
reckon 'd"? 

Hamlet,  meeting  a  Norwegian  Captain  at 
the  head  of  some  troops  marching  through 
Denmark,  inquires  whether  these  extensive 
and  fatal  preparations  had  for  their  object 
the  conquest  of  Poland,  and  is  told  — 

"  We  go  to  gain  a  little  patch  of  ground 
That  hath  in  it  no  profit  but  the  name. 
To  pay  five  ducats,  five,  I  would  not  farm  it." 

Mr.  Stewart  objects  to  the  punctuation  of  the 
last  verse.  He  says  that  according  "to  the 
generally  accepted  interpretation  the  Captain 
is  supposed  to  be  saying  that  he  would  not 
undertake  to  farm  it  to  make  a  total  profit  of 
five  ducats,  and  to  be  repeating  the  'five'  sim- 
ply to  impress  that  amount  on  Hamlet's 
mind.  But  this  is  to  miss  the  whole  sense  and 
spirit  of  the  line."  After  some  platitudinous 
comments  on  the  nature  of  capital,  he  comes 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  line  should  be 
printed  "to  pay  five  ducats  five,"  because 
"an  investment  with  no  result  but  to  pay 
five  ducats  five  would  be  the  reductlo  ab- 
surdum  [sic]  of  investment."  In  other 
words,  it  would  be  absurd  to  invest  five  ducats 
if  the  venture  did  not  result  in  a  profit.  A 
better  illustration  of  a  simple  passage  dis- 
torted beyond  recognition  we  could  not  find 
in  a  summer's  day,  or  a  better  example  of  the 
author's  perverse  method  of  studying  Shake- 
speare, of  his  unfair  dealing  with  his  prede- 
cessors, of  his  utter  inability  to  shed  light  on 
Shakespeare,  and  of  his  skill  in  smelling  out 
cruxes  where  no  one  else  ever  suspected  that 
any  lurked.  We  challenge  Mr.  Stewart  to 
name  a  single  editor,  critic,  or  commentator 
who  gives  the  above-quoted  paraphrase  of  the 
Captain's  words.  To  every  ordinary  intelli- 
gence the  Captain  says  exactly  what  the  situa- 
tion demands,  viz.,  that  the  patch  of  ground 
for  which  they  are  going  to  fight  and  for 
which  so  many  valiant  men  are  ready  to  lay 
down  their  lives  is  so  insignificant  per  se  that 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


299 


he  would  not  pay  five  ducats,  not  even  five,  a 
year  for  the  privilege  of  farming  it  and  taking 
the  revenue  from  it.  The  "five"  is  repeated 
to  emphasize  his  contempt  for  it. 

Let  us  now  turn  our  attention  to  a  passage 
which  does  really  present  some  difficulties  to 
the  critics,  although  it  is  not  generally  classed 
among  the  cruxes.  After  the  fortune-hunting 
Bassanio  had  luckily  chosen  the  prize  casket, 
Gratiano  asks  his  consent  to  be  married  too. 
"With  all  my  heart,"  says  the  happy  Bas- 
sanio, "so  thou  canst  get  a  wife."  Gratiano 
replies : 

"  I  thank  your  lordship,  you  have  got  me  one. 
My  eyes,  my  lord,  can  look  as  swift  as  yours : 
You  saw  the  mistress,  I  beheld  the  maid ; 
You  loved,  I  loved ;  for  intermission 
No  more  pertains  to  me,  my  lord,  than  you." 

Most  modern  scholarly  editions  of  "The  Mer- 
chant of  Venice"  print  this  passage  as  we 
have  here  given  it.     Mr.  Stewart,  however, 
with  a  few  modern  editors,  proposes  to  read 
the  last  two  verses  as  follows : 
"  You  loved,  I  loved  for  intermission. 
No  more  pertains  to  me,  my  lord,  than  you." 

His  interpretation  of  the  passage  is  unique. 
After  a  long  discussion  he  comes  to  this  con- 
clusion (p.  177)  : 

"  What  Gratiano  means  by  this  last  line  must  be 
evident  enough.  It  is  simply  his  way  of  saying, 
by  way  of  graceful  compliment  [Gratiano  graceful 
and  complimentary!],  that  he  has  not  gone  outside 
of  Bassanio's  household  for  a  wife.  When  Bas- 
sanio won  Portia,  her  household  was  annexed  to 
his  own,  and  this  included  the  maid  Nerissa 
[Nerrissa  a  maid!]  ;  thus  the  one  who  pertains  in 
so  momentous  a  relation  to  Gratiano  also  pertains 
to  Bassanio.  Gratiano  is  allowing  Bassanio  to 
guess  the  truth  while  he  approaches  it  with  these 
general  statements ;  and  in  his  large  point  of  view 
'  no  more  pertains  to  me  than  you,'  there  is  the 
fine  implication  that  it  has  always  been  thus 
between  them.  Even  in  his  marriage  he  has  not 
gone  outside  of  his  master's  [ !]  circle  of  interests; 
they  are  now  bound  by  a  further  tie." 
To  our  thinking,  if  there  was  any  such  stuff 
in  Gratiano 's  mind  it  would  require  not  only 
the  astuteness  of  the  proverbial  Philadelphia 
lawyer  but  of  the  whole  Philadelphia  bar  to 
find  it  in  the  words  quoted.  Staunton,  whose 
reading  is  that  championed  by  our  author, 
gives  a  far  more  satisfactory  interpretation 
of  the  last  line,  viz. :  "  I  owe  my  wife  as  much 
to  you  as  to  my  own  efforts. ' ' 

Satisfied  that  the  words  "No  more  pertains 
to  me,"  etc.,  may  stand  as  an  independent 
sentence,  and  that  it  therefore  does  so,  and 
that  it  is  "in  strict  keeping  with  the  speaker's 
character,"  Mr.  Stewart  concludes  (he  is 
nothing  if  not  logical)  that  "the  preceding 
line  is  a  statement  by  itself  with  a  full  stop 


after  'intermission.'  '      And  this  is  how  he 
interprets  "I  loved  for  intermission": 

"  Here  Gratiano  gracefully  acknowledges  that 
his  own  love  affair  is  quite  secondary,  in  impor- 
tance, to  that  of  his  master.  It  is  figuratively 
referred  to  as  a  mere  time-filling  or  stop-gap  per- 
formance, ...  a  mere  side-issue,  quite  subordi- 
nate to  the  main  event.  .  .  .  And  this  is  quite  in 
keeping  with  the  self-sacrificing  [!]  and  devoted 
[ !]  character  which  he  upholds." 
And  this  is  the  interpretation  which  Mr. 
Stewart  modestly  claims  "settles  the  mean- 
ing so  positively  that  there  can  be  no  more 
doubt  in  the  matter"!  And,  quite  true  to 
himself,  he  again  falsifies  the  interpretations 
of  former  commentators.  He  says:  "Those 
who  render  the  passage  so  that  it  reads  'for 
intermission  no  more  pertains  to  me  than  you' 
explain  it  as  meaning  that  Bassanio  was  in- 
cessant in  love-making,  and  that  Gratiano 
was  the  same,  .  .  .  that  Bassanio  was  always 
at  it  and  that  his  man  Gratiano  was  just  like 
him  —  always  at  it. ' '  This  is  a  complete  mis- 
representation of  Theobald's,  Furness's,  and 
others'  interpretation.  Theobald  said  that 
"intermission"  means  "standing  idle,"  and 
all  readers  of  Shakespeare  —  Mr.  Stewart  only 
excepted  —  understand  Gratiano  to  say  "that 
he  could  not  be  idle,  that  he  had  to  be  doing 
something,  and  that  as  he  had  nothing  else  to 
do  he  made  love  to  Nerrissa."  And  this  is 
certainly  preferable  to  having  Gratiano,  a 
gentleman  and  an  intimate  friend  of  Bas- 
sanio's,  say  before  Nerrissa,  who  is  a  lady  as 
well  born  and  as  well  bred  as  Portia,  that  his 
love  was  only  a  time-filling  performance. 
Besides,  with  Mr.  Stewart's  punctuation  and 
definition  of  "intermission,"  Gratiano  is 
really  made  to  say  (to  ordinary  intelligences) 
that  he  and  his  friend  loved  only  as  a  pas- 
time, that  sincerity  in  love  pertains  to  him  no 
more  than  to  Bassanio.  With  the  generally 
accepted  text  Gratiano  says,  in  effect:  "You 
came  and  saw  and  wooed,  and  so  did  I;  my 
eyes  can  look  as  swift  as  yours,  and  I  am  not 
a  bit  'slower'  than  you  are." 

It  must  not  be  inferred  from  what  has  pre- 
ceded that  Mr.  Stewart's  interpretations  are 
always  wrong.  Now  and  then  he  is  quite 
right,  as,  for  instance,  in  the  explanation  of 
the  word  "ringlets"  in  the  beautiful  verse  in 
the  "Midsummer  Night's  Dream"  in  which 
Titania  speaks  of  the  fairies  dancing  their 
ringlets  to  the  whistling  wind.  Curiously 
enough,  both  Wright  and  Furness  failed  mis- 
erably in  their  understanding  of  this  line. 
Wright  said  "ringlets"  meant  the  little  cir- 
cular plots  of  grass  known  as  "fairy  rings." 
To  this  interpretation  Dr.  Furness  objected, 
because  fairy  rings  do  not  grow  "in  the 
beached  margent  of  the  sea";  in  his  opinion 


300 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15 


Titania  meant  only  that  the  fairies  dance  to 
the  accompaniment  of  the  whistling  wind 
which  meanwhile  blows  through  their  curly 
locks.  And  now  Mr.  Stewart  assures  us  that 
Titania  means  no  more  than  that  the  fairies 
danced  in  tiny  circles.  The  only  trouble  with 
this  interpretation  is  that  it  comes  too  late. 
Had  Mr.  Stewart  looked  no  further  than  into 
''The  Century  Dictionary"  he  would  have 
found  this  very  passage  quoted  in  illustration 
of  the  definition  "circles"  for  "ringlets." 
Dr.  Chambers,  in  the  "Arden"  edition  of  the 
"Midsummer  Night's  Dream,"  dismisses  the 
whole  thing  in  less  than  a  line,  thus :  ' '  ring- 
lets, not  curls,  but  dances  in  a  ring";  whereas 
Mr.  Stewart  devotes  considerably  more  than 
two  pages  to  this  bit  of  old  news. 

A  better  example  of  Mr.  Stewart's  fantas- 
tic and  supersubtle  method  of  dealing  with 
Shakespeare's  text  than  the  following  can 
scarcely  be  found  anywhere.  That  celebrated 
quartet,  Jackson,  Seymour,  Chedworth,  and 
Becket,  whose  tamperings  with  Shakespeare 
are  living  monuments  of  misingenuity  and 
wasted  energy,  never  perpetrated  anything 
more  impossible  than  Mr.  Stewart  in  his  dis- 
cussion of  this  passage  in  the  "All's  "Well" : 

"  0  you  leaden  messengers, 
That  ride  upon  the  violent  speed  of  fire, 
Fly  with  false  aim :  move  the  still-piecing  air 
That  sings  with  piercing."  (A.  W.,  iii,  2,  111-114.) 
"Still-piecing,"  meaning  "ever-closing,  clos- 
ing immediately,"  is  Malone's  generally  ac- 
cepted substitute  for  "still-peering"  of  the 
First  Folio.  This  almost  certain  emendation 
is  supported  by  several  passages  in  Shake- 
speare which  speak  of  the  air  as  being  wound- 
less,  invulnerable,  intrenchant,  etc.,  as  well  as 
by  the  words  "the  still-closing  waters"  in 
"The  Tempest."  And  Verplanck  quotes  as 
a  very  apt  illustration  of  the  passage,  and  as 
a  possible  "source"  for  it,  the  following  from 
the  apocryphal  book  of  "The  Wisdom  of 
Solomon " :  "As  when  an  arrow  is  shot  at  a 
mark,  it  parteth  the  air  which  immediately 
cometh  together  again,  so  that  a  man  cannot 
know  where  it  cometh  through."  Besides, 
"peering"  is  a  very  likely  misprint  or  mis- 
reading for  "peecing,"  an  Elizabethan  va- 
riant for  ' '  piecing. ' '  This  is  how  Mr.  Stewart 
wrings  a  meaning  out  of  the  Folio  text : 

"Peering,  as  here  used,  is  a  verb  form  of  the 
noun  peer,  meaning  an  equal.  In  war  (the  present 
connection)  a  man's  peer  would  be  one  whom  he 
could  not  overcome.  Still-peering  air  means  that 
the  air,  despite  the  leaden  missiles  that  pierce  it, 
is  ever  unconquered,  always  unvanquished  —  in- 
vulnerable. .  .  .  And  so  '  still-peering  air '  regards 
the  atmosphere  as  always  and  ever  the  equal  of 
these  leaden  missiles  of  war,— inconquerable,  in- 
vulnerable." 


And  this  is  the  explanation  that,  po  Mr. 
Stewart  tells  us,  makes  the  passage  ' '  as  open 
to  sense  as  any  the  commonest  and  plainest 
English  that  Shakespeare  ever  wrote"!  It  is 
a  pity  that  our  author  has  omitted  to  specify 
to  an  admiring  world  in  what  respect  a  bullet 
or  leaden  messenger  of  death  is  invulnerable 
and  unconquerable. 

Hamlet,  as  we  know,  is  one  great  crux.  It 
might  therefore  be  confidently  predicted  that 
one  so  gifted  with  a  genius  for  making  cruxes, 
big  and  little,  vanish  into  thin  air  as  is  Mr. 
Stewart  would  surely  contribute  his  mite  to 
the  solution  of  the  Hamlet  mystery.  And  so 
he  does.  But  he  is  not  content  with  throwing, 
a  little  light  on  the  vexatious  questions  which 
we  associate  with  the  melancholy  Prince;  in 
a  short  chapter  of  twenty-six  duodecimo  pages 
printed  in  large  type,  he  removes  Hamlet 
wholly  and  for  ever  from  the  sphere  of  the 
problematical.  The  occupation  of  the  Ham- 
let commentator  is  gone !  We  shall  quote  only 
a  few  sentences  from  this  chapter,  leaving  it 
to  the  curious  to  read  more  in  the  original : 

"  Strange  '  inconsistencies '  arise  to  puzzle  the 
commentators.  All  these  are  easily  explainable. 
We  cannot,  however,  make  the  least  progress  in 
the  understanding  of  the  true  inwardness  of  the 
play  until  we  have  realized  that  Hamlet  is  a  man 
who  has  been  incapacitated  to  have  emotion.  .  .  . . 
To  witness  a  display  of  emotion  upon  the  part  of 
others  was  a  torture  to  him  because  it  reminded 
him  of  the  faculty  which  he  had  lost.  It  made  him 
feel  poignantly  the  difference  between  himself  and 
other  men,  a  terrible  state  of  isolation;  and  not 
only  that,  it  confronted  him  continually  with  a 
live  contrast  between  his  former  self  and  the  man 
he  had  now  become.  .  .  .  He  makes  a  grand  effort 
at  passionate  feeling.  .  .  .  Hamlet  lives  in  the 
cold  light  of  reason,  bereft  of  all  other  relief, 
[and]  is  quite  at  home  in  a  deep,  canny  piece  of 
detective  work.  .  .  .  The  most  tragic  phase  of  his 
situation  in  life  —  to  be  a  dead  self.  .  .  .  His  emo- 
tions are  but  a  memory.  .  .  .  The  whole  world 
outfaced  Hamlet  because  his  insights  had  placed 
him  in  a  terrible  isolation;  he  was  a  man  apart 
from  the  race.  .  .  .  Hamlet  was  haunted  by  his 
dead  self.  .  .  .  Hamlet  is  not  a  mystery." 

Had  Mr.  Stewart  devoted  himself  to  the 
study  of  Shakespeare,  English  grammar,  and 
psychology,  with  half  the  zeal  that  he  has 
devoted  to  discovering  cruxes  and  to  distort- 
ing Shakespeare's  meaning,  he  would  not  have 
been  guilty  of  many  of  the  lesser  errors  that 
mar  his  book.  There  is  no  excuse  for  speak- 
ing of  Gratiano  as  Bassanio's  "man,"  of 
Nerrissa  as  a  "maid"  ( Gratiano 's  "maid" 
differs  in  meaning  from  Mr.  Stewart's),  of 
Bassanio  as  Gratiano 's  "master."  And  one 
has  read  his  "Romeo  and  Juliet"  very  super- 
ficially who  speaks  of  the  masked  ball  in  Act 
i.,  Scene  5,  as  a  "wedding  feast."  The  obso- 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


301 


lete  expression  "insight  of,"  which  occurs 
frequently  in  this  book,  sounds  very  harsh  to 
a  modern  ear.  In  one  place  (p.  219)  we  read 
of  a  "terrible  [sic]  deep  insight  of  the  hypoc- 
risy of  mankind,"  and  in  another  (p.  166) 
we  find  this  sentence:  "The  human  mind  is 
just  that  superstitious."  In  the  statement 
(p.  148)  that  "we  only  hope  in  a  case  of 
doubt"  the  psychology  is  worse  than  the 
English. 

Whatever  this  book  is,  it  is  not  helpful  to 
the  Shakespeare  student. 

SAMUEL  A.  TANNENBAUM. 


OLD  MAGIC  IN  A  XEW  CEXTURY.* 


It  is  not  uncommonly  remarked  that  the 
new  magic  of  a  scientific  age  transcends  the 
wonder  of  the  old  magic  of  a  time  outworn. 
The  miracles  of  wireless  telegraphy  and  radio- 
activity, though  fast  becoming  commonplaces 
of  efficiency,  still  retain  a  place  of  honor  among 
amateurs.  The  assumption,  however,  that  the 
Old  Magic  has  actually  passed,  that  it  has 
utterly  faded  out  before  the  new  sun,  is  de- 
cidedly unwarranted  by  the  facts,  especially 
the  bibliography  of  the  last  few  years. 

The  activities  of  the  Psychical  Research  So- 
ciety do  not  so  much  constitute  a  new  science 
as  they  aim  to  investigate  some  of  the  material 
of  ancient  magic.  The  Spiritualist  Societies, 
Christian  Science,  Theosophy,  Swedenborgian- 
ism, —  all  these  have  more  than  a  trace  of 
sorcery  in  them.  The  revival  of  Buddhism  is 
significant.  M.  Maeterlinck,  ultra-modern 
though  he  is  in  "  Our  Eternity, ' '  exhibits  him- 
self as  a  spiritual  atavist  in  "The  Unknown 
Guest."  Such  books  as  Bayley's  "Lost  Lan- 
guage of  Symbolism,"  Jacks 's  "All  Men  Are 
Ghosts,"  and  Rohmer 's  "Romance  of  Sor- 
cery" speak  eloquently  of  the  vitality  of  the 
Old  Magic.  Indeed  we  are  not  sure  but  that 
Pragmatism  has  been  quietly  insinuating  a 
kind  of  philosophical  apology  for  the  pre- 
sumably unscientific. 

"The  Romance  of  Sorcery"  is  written  not 
for  the  adept,  not  even  for  the  student,  but 
for  Everyman,  the  aim  being  "to  bring  out 
the  red  blood  of  the  subject."  This  the  author 
has  succeeded  in  doing,  despite  the  difficulties 
in  his  path.  The  enormous  mass  of  erudition 
that  he  must  have  investigated  is  appalling, 
and  it  is  therefore  not  surprising  that  the 
book  leaves  the  impression  of  a  scrappy  his- 
tory of  palaeontology,  with  vast  ages  unrepre- 
sented. The  author's  attitude  toward  his 
task,  as  also  his  conception  of  his  work,  has 
undeniably  the  defects  of  its  virtues.  Be- 


*  THE  ROMANCE  OF  SORCERY.    By  Sax  Rohmer.    New  York : 
E.  P.  Button  &  Co. 


lieving  that  enough  serious  essays  and  his- 
tories and  enough  lives  of  great  magicians 
have  been  written,  he  aims  at  romance,  the 
dramatic,  the  pathetic,  even  the  humorous. 
Not  himself  an  adept,  he  is  thoroughly  recep- 
tive to  the  facts  of  sorcery,  and  sympathetic 
toward  all  the  characters  he  presents.  Though 
he  tries  hard  to  be  fair,  and  speaks  in  a  re- 
strained and  guarded  tone  which  at  times  is 
exceedingly  effective,  the  absence  of  direct 
citation  of  authority,  especially  in  the  earlier 
chapters  dealing  with  the  birth  of  sorcery, 
"ginns,"  "sibyls,"  " elementals, "  oriental 
oracles,  and  so  forth,  cannot  fail  to  arouse 
suspicion  in  the  mind  of  a  reader  with  the 
slightest  critical  turn.  References  are  always 
of  the  most  general  nature ;  there  are  no  foot- 
notes, no  citation  of  chapters  or  pages.  Some- 
times he  tells  us,  sometimes  he  leaves  us  to 
guess,  the  name  of  the  author  upon  whom  he 
relies;  Philostratus  presumably  provides  the 
information  concerning  Apollonius  of  Tyana, 
but  it  would  be  more  satisfactory  to  know  just 
where  to  look  for  confirmation  of  the  story  of 
the  raising  of  the  Roman  maid  from  her 
funeral  bier.  Historical  romances  have  been 
commonly  condemned  as  neither  good  history 
nor  good  fiction,  and  in  like  manner  Mr. 
Rohmer  may  tread  on  his  own  toes.  His  pur- 
pose is  not  solely  or  even  largely  entertain- 
ment; he  aims  to  persuade.  And  persuasion 
rests  upon  conviction. 

In  the  first  chapter,  "Sorcery  and  the  Sor- 
cerers," there  is  much  curious  information 
concerning  Eliphas  Levi,  who  "may  justly  be 
called  the  last  of  the  sorcerers,"  and  his 
"Magical  Ritual";  also  the  famous  "Magus 
or  Celestial  Intelligencer"  by  Francis  Barrett. 
Of  Apollonius  of  Tyana  the  author  says: 
"There  is  so  much  of  the  marvellous  in  the 
life  of  the  man  of  Tyana,  that  if  I  am  to 
begin  by  doubting  the  possession  by  Apol- 
lonius of  supernatural  powers,  I  can  see  no 
end  to  my  doubts  other  than  that  of  doubting 
that  he  ever  existed  at  all."  Certainly  this 
august  Pythagorean  philosopher,  whose  re- 
corded life  presents  so  many  analogies  to  that 
of  Socrates  and  Jesus,  makes  a  worthy  study. 

Michel  de  Notre  Dame,  called  Nostradamus, 
represents  the  magic  of  the  sixteenth  century. 
Since  there  is  no  life  in  English  of  this  great 
wonder-working  physician  (1503-1566),  the 
author  devotes  considerable  space  to  him  in 
this  book.  The  evidence  here  is  more  satis- 
factory, and  shows  Nostradamus  to  have  been 
a  remarkable  divinator.  His  "Centuries,"  in 
rhymed  quatrains,  published  in  1555,  contain 
many  predictions  more  or  less  verifiable.  In 
1792  there  was  to  be  a  "revision  of  cen- 
turies," followed  by  various  reforms  by  the 


302 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15 


people.  This  may  have  been  merely  a  happy 
guess,  but  not  often  is  a  guess  so  accurate  two 
and  a  half  centuries  in  advance.  The  death 
of  Henry  II.,  the  advent  of  Henry  IV.,  and 
the  execution  "by  the  senate  of  London"  of 
Charles  I.  are  all  foretold  in  fairly  unequivocal 
terms. 

The  chequered  career  of  Dr.  John  Dee 
(1527-1608),  Fellow  of  Cambridge  and  Lou- 
vain,  and  intimate  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  is 
handled  sympathetically,  though  with  an  air 
of  tolerant  condescension,  for  the  author 
thinks  Dr.  Dee  was  very  much  the  dupe  of 
Edward  Kelly,  "the  most  sinister  figure  in 
the  annals  of  alchemistical  philosophy,"  the 
man  who  claimed  to  have  found  the  ivory 
caskets  of  St.  Dunstan,  containing  the  red  and 
white  powders  necessary  to  the  composition 
of  the  Philosopher's  Stone. 

Cagliostro  appears  in  entertaining  but  fairly 
authentic  guise  as  a  man  of  great  accomplish- 
ments, if  lacking  the  genuineness  of  Nostrada- 
mus. The  opinion  of  Lavater,  the  physiog- 
nomist, is  cited  in  conclusion :  "I  believe  that 
Nature  produces  a  form  like  his  only  once  in 
a  century,  and  I  could  weep  blood  to  think 
that  so  rare  a  production  of  nature  should,  by 
the  many  objections  he  has  furnished  against 
himself,  be  partly  so  much  misconceived,  and 
partly,  by  so  many  harshnesses  and  cruelties, 
have  given  just  cause  for  offence."  Lorenza, 
the  "Countess,"  moves  through  the  account 
with  a  tragic  beauty  she  may  not  have  actually 
possessed. 

For  associating  Madame  Blavatsky  with 
sorcerers  the  author  says  he  has  already  been 
taken  to  task.  His  answer  is  that  many  phe- 
nomena (a  term  which  he  singularly  uses  in 
the  sense  of  "strange  occurrences")  con- 
nected with  her  career  are  legitimately  in  the 
realms  of  sorcery.  Here,  of  course,  we  have 
purely  a  question  of  phraseology.  Soldau,  in 
his  "History  of  Witchcraft,"  says:  "Sorcery 
is  illegal  miracle,  and  miracle  legitimate  sor- 
cery." Ennemoser  says  in  the  preface  to  his 
"History  of  Magic,"  still  excellent  even  if 
archaic :  ' '  The  Fathers  of  the  Church  looked 
upon  the  heathen  oracles,  and  the  heathens  on 
the  Christian  miracles,  as  sorcery. ' ' 

Mr.  Bohmer  chooses  to  make  "sorcery" 
cover  the  entire  field  of  mystical  and  super- 
natural :  ' '  By  sorcery  I  understand,  and  in- 
tend to  convey,  all  those  doctrines  concerning 
the  nature  and  power  of  angels  and  spirits; 
the  methods  of  evoking  shades  of  departed 
persons ;  the  conjuration  of  elementary  spirits 
and  of  demons ;  the  production  of  any  kind  of 
supernormal  phenomena ;  the  making  of  talis- 
mans, potions,  wands,  etc. ;  divination  and 
chrystallomancy ;  and  Cabalistic  and  cere-  ! 


monial  rites. "  It  is  evident  from  this  that  all 
of  what  Ennemoser  calls  true  mysticism,  "the 
direct  relation  of  the  human  mind  to  God, ' '  as 
well  as  lower  and  superficial  manifestations, 
true  knowledge  or  vision  adulterated  with 
cunning  and  greed,  are  considered  together  as 
having  a  common  essence. 

This  unification  of  all  these  phenomena 
seems  to  be  justified.  It  is  the  amalgam  of 
false  and  true,  of  vision  and  cunning,  of 
White  and  Black  Art,  that  makes  the  whole 
subject  such  a  mass  of  contradictions  and 
anomalies.  For  this  very  reason,  also,  it  is 
surviving  in  an  age  of  scientific  curiosity. 
THOMAS  PERCIVAL  BEYER. 


THE  CASE  AGAINST  GERMANY.* 


It  can  scarcely  be  doubted  that  the  most 
trustworthy  and  informing  books  on  the  pres- 
ent war  have  come  from  the  neutral  countries, 
especially  from  America.  Where  passion  is 
not  engaged,  discernment  is  inevitably  clearer. 
Thus,  the  keenest  studies  of  the  diplomatic 
preliminaries  are  from  the  American  writer, 
Beck,  and  the  Italian,  Ferrero.  If  these  men 
unite  in  finding  a  verdict  of  "aggression" 
against  Germany  and  Austria,  we  may  be  sure 
it  is  not  owing  to  national  prejudice  but  sim- 
ply because  the  facts  are  so.  Indeed,  so  far 
as  the  immediate  occasion  of  the  war  is  con- 
cerned, the  case  may  be  said  to  be  virtually 
closed.  Even  German  newspapers  and  public 
speakers  are  now  frequently  referring  to  the 
struggle  as  a  "  preventive  war, ' '  waged  by  the 
Fatherland  to  forestall  a  possible  future  at- 
tack by  the  Entente  powers. 

Among  recent  American  books  dealing  with 
Germany's  part  in  the  great  struggle,  Mr. 
Oswald  Garrison  Villard's  "Germany  Embat- 
tled" is  the  weightiest,  not  merely  because  of 
its  grave  tone  and  solemnly  drawn  conclusions, 
but  also  because  it  is  a  unique  blending  of 
sympathy  for  the  German  people  and  their 
aspirations  with  unqualified  reprobation  of  the 
motives  and  methods  of  the  German  govern- 
ment in  precipitating  the  war.  The  son  of  a 
German  mother,  an  officer  of  the  Deutscher 
Verein  in  his  Harvard  days,  Mr.  Villard  has 
for  many  years  been  a  close  student  of  German 
conditions.  He  summarizes  admirably  the  Ger- 


*  GERMANY  EMBATTLED.  By  Oswald  Garrison  Villard.  New 
York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

WHAT  Is  WRONG  WITH  GERMANY?  By  William  Harbutt 
Dawson.  New  York :  Longmans,  Green  &  Co. 

GERMANY  AND  EUROPE.  By  J.  W.  Allen.  New  York:  The 
Macmillan  Co. 

DEUTSCHLAND  UBER  ALLES  ;  or,  Germany  Speaks.  Compiled 
and  analyzed  by  John  Jay  Chapman.  New  York :  G.  P.  Put- 
nam's Sons. 

GERMANY'S  WAR  MANIA.  The  Teutonic  Point  of  View  as 
Officially  Stated  by  Her  Leaders.  New  York:  Dodd,  Mead 
&  Co. 

GERMAN  WORLD  POLICIES.  By  Paul  Rohrbach.  Translated 
by  Edmund  von  Mach.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


303 


man  point  of  view  in  the  introductory  pages 
of  his  book,  and  then  coldly  demonstrates  the 
impossibility  of  American  approval.  The  fail- 
ure of  the  insistent  propaganda  in  this  country 
is  emphasized  and  the  desirability  of  our  re- 
torting by  a  campaign  of  enlightenment  in 
Germany  is  suggested.  It  would  be  well  if 
this  education  might  begin  at  home,  and  if 
those  German- Americans  who  have  fed  them- 
selves since  the  war  began  with  the  offerings 
of  the  "Staats-Zeitung"  and  its  colleagues 
could  be  induced  to  read  this  book.  But  that 
is  perhaps  a  too  fond  hope. 

Mr.  Villard  finds  that  the  menace  of  Ger- 
many to  modern  civilization  proceeds  from 
autocracy  and  militarism.  His  chapter  on 
"  Militarism  -and  Democracy"  is  the  clearest 
exposition  we  have  seen  of  the  way  the  soldier 
dominates  the  civilian  in  Prussianized  Ger- 
many. Militarism  as  a  result  of  autocracy  is 
the  text  of  Mr.  William  Harbutt  Dawson's 
* '  What  Is  Wrong  with  Germany  ? ' '  The  writ- 
er's  answer  to  his  own  question  may  be  stated 
succinctly  thus :  Germany  is  out  of  harmony 
with  the  rest  of  the  world  because,  owing  to 
the  lack  of  popular  control  in  her  parliament, 
the  government  is  in  the  hands  of  a  military 
clique.  The  author  has  no  difficulty  in  show- 
ing that  Germany  has  only  the  semblance  of  a 
parliamentary  government,  that  the  Reichs- 
tag is  a  mere  "hall  of  echoes,"  and  that  the 
real  driving  force  is  the  Federal  Council,  ap- 
pointed by  the  princes  of  the  various  states. 
Mr.  Dawson  is  perhaps  the  best-informed  man 
now  writing  in  English  on  matters  pertaining 
to  certain  aspects  of  German  economics  and 
administration.  In  his  new  book  there  is  some 
threshing  over  of  old  straw,  with  talk  of 
Treitschke,  Bernhardi,  and  Nietzsche;  but 
there  is  also  a  vast  amount  of  new  information, 
well  documented,  concerning  the  growth  of 
Pan-Germanism  as  reflected  in  press  and  par- 
liament. Not  the  least  interesting  chapter 
contains  a  list  of  the  bellicose  utterances  of  the 
Kaiser,  which  cumulatively  constitute  a  for- 
midable refutation  of  the  claim  that  he  has 
T)een  a  man  of  peace. 

In  comparison  with  Mr.  Dawson 's  book,  the 
•slender  volume  entitled  "Germany  and 
Europe, ' '  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Allen  of  the  University 
of  London,  seems  commonplace.  It  appears  to 
have  been  written  in  the  early  stages  of  the 
war,  and  offers  nothing  new.  Only  its  equable 
temper  may  be  commended. 

Mr.  John  Jay  Chapman's  little  book, 
^'Deutschland  iiber  Alles,"  is  a  collection  of 
the  utterances  of  representative  Germans  in 
defence  of  the  policies  of  their  country  since 
it  went  to  war.  It  is  the  compiler 's  belief  that 
•Germany  is  suffering  from  an  obsession,  a 


collective  madness  combined  of  persecution 
mania  and  the  folie  des  grandeurs.  This 
theory,  which  is  more  suggestive  than  con- 
vincing, would  possess  greater  cogency  if  the 
quoted  utterances  had  not  all  been  made  in  the 
heat  of  passion  after  the  conflict  was  kindled. 
Certain  spokesmen  of  all  the  belligerents  have 
said  things  which  they  will  doubtless  regret 
when  calmer  days  come.  The  late  Dr.  Emil 
Reich,  an  anglicized  Austrian,  wrote  a  book  a 
few  years  ago  to  show  that  Germany  was  suf- 
fering from  megalomania.  His  numerous 
quotations  from  books,  speeches,  etc.,  carry 
some  weight  precisely  because  they  were  not 
words  uttered  in  haste  or  fury  but  were  pre- 
sumably intended  at  their  face  value.  For  the 
same  reason,  "Germany's  War  Mania,"  a 
compilation  made  in  England,  possesses  inter- 
est as  a  collection  of  ante-bellum  documents. 
In  addition  to  writers  usually  quoted,  General 
von  der  Goltz  and  Professor  Delbriick  are  here 
put  on  record  in  defence  of  militarism.  The 
evolution  of  the  Crown  Prince  from  an  innocu- 
ous nondescript  into  a  rather  objectionable 
jingo  is  also  concisely  traced. 

Dr.  Edmund  von  Mach  has  rendered  the 
American  public  a  service  by  translating  Paul 
Rohrbach's  "Der  deutsche  Gedanke  in  der 
Welt,"  which  first  appeared  in  1912  and  has 
since  gone  through  many  editions.  The  trans- 
lation bears  the  title,  "German  World  Poli- 
cies," and  though  somewhat  "edited"  for 
American  consumption,  reproduces  substan- 
tially the  original.  Rohrbach  may  be  de- 
scribed as  a  moderate  imperialist.  Fearing 
that  the  world  is  becoming  predominantly 
Anglo-Saxon,  he  calls  upon  his  people  reso- 
lutely to  assert  themselves  so  that  they  may 
not  be  left  out  of  the  reckoning.  The  motive, 
it  is  to  be  observed,  is  not  economic  but  politi- 
cal. Germany's  resources  are  sufficient,  he 
thinks,  to  support  a  population  much  larger 
than  her  present,  her  trade  ought  to  continue 
to  expand  as  heretofore,  her  emigration  is 
negligible,  she  is  even  obliged  each  year  to 
import  labor.  There  is,  then,  no  urgent  eco- 
nomic need  of  expansion.  But  the  task  to 
which  Germany  must  address  herself  is  that 
of  spreading  her  language,  her  civilization  and 
its  influences,  her  Kultur  (to  use  a  word  that 
has  lately  been  soiled  by  all  ignoble  use),  to 
the  ends  of  the  world.  The  author  holds  this 
to  be  a  cardinal  necessity  if  Germany  is  not  to 
be  recreant  to  her  native  strength.  And  for 
this  high  destiny  colonies  and  spheres  of  influ- 
ence are  essential.  With  many  of  these  aspira- 
tions a  neutral  may  readily  sympathize, 
especially  as  Rohrbach,  unlike  Bernhardi,  does 
not  advocate  aggressive  warfare.  He  has  even  a 
keen  eye  for  German  faults.  Speaking  of  the 


304 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15 


failure  of  his  country  to  placate  Poles,  Danes, 
and  Alsatians,  lie  remarks  upon  the  German 
"inability  to  make  moral  conquests"  for 
which  ' '  the  North  German  character  is  most  to 
blame. ' '  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  Rohrbach 
rather  than  Bernhardi  represented  the  feel- 
ings of  the  majority  of  Germans  before  the 
outbreak  of  the  war.  All  the  more  pity  that 
the  government  chose  the  Pan-Germanic  path. 

"W.  K.  STEWART. 


RECENT  FICTION.* 


Ho  for  the  Spanish  Main  in  the  brave  days 
of  the  buccaneers !  The  ringing  call  comes  to 
our  ears  with  "The  Gentleman  Adventurer," 
by  Mr.  H.  C.  Bailey,  a  romancer  who  has 
proved  his  quality  on  several  previous  occa- 
sions. Here  is  a  pirate  story  calculated  to 
quicken  the  most  jaded  sense  and  to  stir  the 
most  sluggish  blood.  It  tells  of  Peter  Hayle, 
implicated  out  of  good  nature  in  a  plot  against 
the  life  of  Dutch  William  in  1695,  and  making 
a  hasty  exit  from  England  to  save  his  neck. 
He  is  shanghaied  in  London,  taken  to  the  West 
Indies  and  sold  as  a  slave,  and  there,  escaping 
from  servitude  in  the  company  of  a  burly 
ruffian  named  Luke  Veal,  captures  a  ship,  runs 
up  the  Jolly  Roger,  and  carves  out  for  himself 
piratical  fame.  He  is  a  considerate  buccaneer, 
who  never  scuttles  a  ship  for  the  fun  of  the 
thing,  and  his  chief  exploit  is  the  putting  out 
of  business  of  Estevan,  a  pirate  of  the  most 
reprehensible  sort,  whose  villainies  make 
Peter 's  gorge  rise  and  inspire  him  with  loath- 
ing. Estevan  is  ruler  of  a  private  pirate  king- 
dom on  the  coast  of  Honduras,  and  his  store  of 
treasure  suffices  to  set  Peter  up  for  life  when 
he  returns  to  England  and  his  erstwhile  hon- 
est existence.  The  tale  is  romantic  in  the 
extreme ;  the  French  maiden  whom  Peter  res- 
cues is  taken  home  as  his  wife,  while  the 
serpent- woman,  the  mistress  of  Peter  and  Luke 
in  their  days  of  slavery,  kidnapped  by  them 
and  wedded  to  Luke,  seeks  to  betray  her  lord 
and  master  to  Estevan,  and  is  properly  slain 
in  the  ensuing  fight,  another  woman  having 
already  appeared  upon  the  scene  to  fill  the 
place  thus  made  vacant.  The  book  has  an 
ingenious  fertility  of  invention,  and  a  raciness 
of  style  that  is  a  constant  delight. 

"Bealby"  is  the  best  fun  that  Mr.  H.  G. 
Wells  has  given  us  since  "Ann  Veronica,"  and 
it  is  sheer  unadulterated  fun  beyond  anything 
that  could  be  claimed  for  that  startling  por- 

*  THE  GENTLEMAN  ADVENTURER.  By  H.  C.  Bailey.  New 
York :  George  H.  Doran  Co. 

BEALBY.  A  Holiday.  By  H.  G.  Wells.  New  York:  The 
Macmillan  Co. 

RED  FLEECE.  By  Will  Levington  Comfort.  New  York :  George 
H.  Doran  Co. 

AN  EMPEROR  IN  THE  DOCK.  By  Willem  de  Veer.  New  York: 
John  Lane  Co. 


traiture  of  the  New  Young  Woman.  In  fact, 
the  genuine  creative  talent  of  Mr.  Wells  is  bet- 
ter exhibited  by  his  studies  of  "life  among  the 
lowly"  —  by  his  Lewisham,  Polly,  and  Kipps 
— than  by  all  his  sociological  vaticinations  and 
his  monotonous  criticism  of  the  way  in  which 
the  world  chooses  at  present  to  conduct  its 
affairs.  Bealby  is  just  a  small  boy  of  twelve 
or  so,  a  gardener's  stepson  put  out  to  service 
in  the  household  of  a  local  magnate.  He  goes 
unwillingly  to  the  scene  of  his  labors,  and 
things  begin  to  happen  as  soon  as  he  gets  there. 
It  is  something  to  plunge  a  toasting-fork  into 
the  face  of  an  under-butler.  but  this  deed  pales 
into  insignificance  when  the  boy,  in  his  pre- 
cipitate flight  from  the  wrath  otherwise  to 
come,  upsets  the  Lord  Chancellor  (at  that 
moment  a  week-end  guest),  and  forces  from 
the  latter 's  lips  a  word  euphemistically  de- 
scribed as ' '  one  brief  topographical  cry. ' '  The 
Lord  Chancellor  has  had  a  rasping  experience 
already,  and  is  not  in  the  best  of  tempers ;  the 
encounter  with  Bealby  is  the  last  camel  —  we 
mean  the  last  straw  —  and  hastens  his  depar- 
ture from  that  hospitable  roof  with  anathema 
in  his  heart.  Bealby  also  thinks  it  wise  to 
depart,  naturally  with  the  utmost  secrecy,  and 
thus  enters  upon  a  veritable  odyssey  of  adven- 
ture. He  attaches  himself  for  a  few  days  to  a 
party  of  three  ladies  engaged  in  a  care-free 
tour  of  the  countryside  in  a  caravan;  then, 
getting  into  further  trouble,  takes  a  new  flight 
and  sets  by  the  ears  the  population  of  a  neigh- 
boring town  already  posted  with  bills  offering 
a  reward  for  his  capture.  He  is  finally  seized 
and  taken  to  the  Lord  Chancellor  to  explain 
the  innocent  cause  of  the  original  offending, 
but  his  lordship  does  not  believe  a  word  of  the 
confession,  and  sputters  anew  the  conviction 
that  he  has  been  made  the  victim  of  a  damna- 
ble conspiracy.  Finally,  Bealby,  much  chas- 
tened, returns  to  the  step-parental  roof,  and 
begs  to  be  allowed  another  chance.  This  rol- 
licking story  has  many  other  elements  of 
interest  —  the  romance  of  the  officer  and  the 
actress-lady  of  the  caravan,  the  tramp  with 
whom  the  boy  consorts  and  eventually  "does," 
and  Lord  Chickney,  who  tries  to  figure  as  deus 
ex  machina,  and  distinctly  does  not  succeed  in 
straightening  out  the  tangle.  It  is  all  broadly 
farcical,  of  course,  but  it  keeps  the  interest 
sharpened  at  every  juncture,  and  the  author 
resists  measurably  the  temptation  to  digress 
into  social  homiletics. 

It  was  a  safe  prediction  that  many  months 
would  not  pass  before  Mr.  Will  Levington 
Comfort  seized  the  occasion  offered  by  the 
world-war  for  a  novel  upon  that  engrossing 
theme.  "Red  Fleece"  is  not  the  big  work 
that  he  might  have  written  had  he  taken  longer 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


305 


about  it,  or  that  he  probably  will  give  us  in  the 
future,  but  as  an  impressionistic  preliminary 
sketch  it  is  very  acceptable.  Its  hero  is  an 
American  newspaper  correspondent,  and  its 
action  is  upon  the  Austrian  frontier.  Its  bat- 
tle-pictures suggest  to  us  those  of  "The  Red 
Badge  of  Courage,"  although  they  are  not 
evolved,  as  Crane's  were,  from  the  inner  con- 
sciousness of  the  writer,  for  Mr.  Comfort  has 
seen  war  at  first  hand,  and  knows  all  its 
ghastliness.  Since  this  knoAvledge  is  combined 
with  an  intense  missionary  zeal  in  behalf  of 
human  brotherhood,  and  deep  sympathy  for 
the  hapless  lives  reared  only  to  become 
Kanonenf  utter,  Mr.  Comfort's  message  is  de- 
livered with  poignancy  and  force,  and  his 
•didacticism  is  hardly  of  the  censurable  sort. 
The  habitual  mysticism  of  his  treatment  of 
woman  is  once  more  exemplified  in  this  novel, 
and  Berthe  Wyndham  is  a  worthy  addition  to 
his  gallery  of  consecrated  souls.  Our  old 
friend  Fallows  of  "Down  Among  Men"  reap- 
pears in  these  pages,  and  preaches  his  good  old 
gospel  of  the  cause  of  the  People.  As  a  stylist, 
Mr.  Comfort  has  never  done  better  work. 
* l  His  clothing  smelled  of  death ;  and  one  morn- 
ing before  the  smoke  fell,  he  watched  the  sun 
shining  upon  the  pine-clad  hills.  That  mo- 
ment the  thought  held  him  that  the  pine  trees 
were  immortal,  and  men  just  the  dung  of  the 
earth. "  It  is  not  given  to  many  men  to  write 
such  English  as  that. 

If  Mr.  Willem  de  Veer,  the  Dutch  author 
of  "An  Emperor  in  the  Dock,"  were  to  set 
foot  on  German  soil,  we  tremble  at  the  thought 
of  what  would  happen  to  him.  The  ordinary 
penalties  for  lese-majeste  would  clearly  be 
inadequate,  and  "something  lingering"  would 
have  to  be  devised  for  his  special  case.  The 
title  of  this  book  arouses  pleasurable  anticipa- 
tions, which  are,  however,  not  realized,  as  the 
author  is  evidently  an  amateur,  and  his  yarn 
is  badly  written,  and  devoid  of  all  probability. 
Such  as  it  is.  we  may  recount  it  in  brief  out- 
line. Two  Englishmen  are  fishing  in  Norway 
when  the  war  breaks  out,  and  accept  the  invi- 
tation of  a  Dutch  yachtsman  to  be  his  guests 
on  th'e  homeward  voyage.  One  of  the  boat's 
officers  is  a  German  spy,  who  does  his  best  to 
cripple  the  yacht  on  its  way  back.  Presently 
it  encounters  a  German  cruiser,  which  gives 
chase,  but  soon  comes  to  grief  when  its  career 
is  ended  by  a  mine.  The  yacht  speeds  to  the 
rescue  of  the  survivors,  and  picks  up  two 
drowning  men,  who  are  taken  aboard.  One  of 
them  is  discovered  to  be  "The  Disturber  of 
the  "World's  Peace  in  propria  persona";  the 
other  is  his  devoted  attache.  The  distin- 
guished visitors  are  locked  up,  but  contrive  to 
break  loose  from  their  cabin,  and,  with  the  aid 


of  the  German  spy  already  mentioned,  seek  to 
gain  command  of  the  yacht,  incidentally  com- 
mitting murder  in  the  attempt.  An  im- 
promptu court  is  organized  for  the  trial  of 
the  imperial  offender,  who  is  obliged  to  listen 
to  some  very  plain  speaking  about  his  own 
character,  and  who,  "with  an  expression  on 
his  face  of  mingled  prussic  acid  and  disdain," 
replies  to  his  accusers  with  what  one  of  the 
children  in  "The  Golden  Age"  calls  "horrid 
implications."  When  the  subject  of  his  con- 
duct has  been  thoroughly  inquired  into  by  the 
court,  the  decision  as  to  whether  he  shall  be 
set  free  or  hanged  as  a  pirate  is  decided  in 
favor  of  clemency,  and  he  is  landed  at  a  Dutch 
port.  The  treatment  of  this  highly  dramatic 
material  is  meant  to  be  serious,  but  it  hardly 
escapes  being  burlesque.  The  dock  in  which 
the  case  of  this  Exalted  Person  is  eventually 
adjudicated  will,  we  imagine,  prove  an  entirely 
different  affair. 

WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS. 

Given  a  good-looking  man  of  New  England  up- 
bringing, who  is  afraid  of  women  to  the  point  of 
avoidance  of  them,  and  has  no  just  notion  of  what 
to  do  with  them  when  he  has  passed  the  point  of 
avoidance,  and  "  A  Reluctant  Adam  "  (Houghton) 
stands  forth  in  Mr.  Sidney  Williams's  novel  of  that 
name.  It  is  a  recital  of  the  rather  pawky  hero's 
love  affairs,  from  adolescent  spooning  down  to  a 
suddenly  acquired  and  as  suddenly  dismissed 
grande  passion  which  comes  to  nothing  whatever. 
Though  there  remains  a  feeling  that  it  serves  him 
right,  so  brief  a  time  and  space  are  allotted  this 
latter  episode  in  the  narrative  that  a  sense  of  dis- 
appointment remains.  The  protagonist  seems  to 
be  a  man  without  either  respect  for  womankind  or 
the  code  of  a  gentleman  to  keep  him  out  of  mis- 
chief, and  he  deserves  to  have  his  punishment  made 
more  explicit. 

"Barbara's  Marriages"  (Harper),  by  Mrs. 
Maude  Eadford  Warren,  has  been  written  with  the 
earnest  desire  to  cast  light  upon  the  vast  problem 
of  love,  in  and  out  of  marriage.  The  heroine  is  of 
an  excellent  Virginia  family  that  has  somewhat 
gone  to  seed.  Her  first  lover  is  much  her  elder,  and 
is  killed  so  soon  after  marriage  that  she  may  be 
said  not  to  have  been  married  at  all.  Her  second 
lover  is  as  disagreeable  a  cad  as  one  is  likely  to 
meet,  who  exhibits  a  supermannish  selfishness  in 
his  love  that  makes  one  wonder  why  he  should  have 
consented  to  a  secret  marriage.  He  is  duly  divorced ; 
but  there  is  a  child  to  come,  of  which  he  is  igno- 
rant. The  third  matrimonial  engagement  is  with 
a  gentleman  of  Barbara's  own  class,  a  lifelong 
friend.  The  interest  of  the  book  is  in  the  second 
affair,  the  last  being  rather  carelessly  developed. 

The  Union  of  South  Africa  is  intimately  treated 
in  Mr.  F.  E.  Mills  Young's  "  Valley  of  a  Thousand 
Hills"  (Lane).  A  young  Englishman  seeking  a 


306 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15 


new  career  as  manager  of  a  cattle-growing  estate, 
and  a  daughter  of  the  Boers  with  more  education 
than  her  parents,  play  the  leading  parts.  Much  of 
the  laxity  of  living  which  crops  out  where  widely 
differing  civilizations  meet  and  mingle  on  frontiers 
is  written  into  the  narrative.  The  disagreeable 
part  in  the  story  is  taken  by  a  young  native  of 
English  blood  who  is  weak  rather  than  vicious,  the 
hero  supplanting  him  in  the  affections  of  the  beauti- 
ful Dutch  girl.  The  dramatic  climax  comes  with 
the  uprising  of  the  Hindu  coolies  in  Natal,  which 
permits  discussion  of  the  racial  difficulties  almost 
certain  to  appear  when  Asiatics  are  admitted  to 
Caucasian  communities  in  numbers.  The  book  is 
admirably  put  together. 

A  rare  figure  is  the  protagonist  of  Mrs.  Eleanor 
Atkinson's  "Johnny  Appleseed"  (Harper).  That 
the  American  wilderness  a  hundred  years  ago 
should  have  given  birth  to  lives  of  fine  self-sacrifice 
was  to  be  expected;  but  here  was  a  man  with  a 
sense  of  social  service  such  as  the  world  is  still  more 
than  a  hundred  years  away  from.  Jonathan  Chap- 
man was,  and  must  have  been,  a  New  Englander. 
He  conceived  the  idea  of  going  about  through  the 
new  settlements  of  the  central  west  and  planting 
appleseeds,  that  the  children  of  the  pioneers  might 
have  the  joy  of  orchards.  He  devoted  a  life  to  it, 
and  few  lives  have  been  better  or  more  profitably 
spent.  Mrs.  Atkinson's  pages  show  much  research, 
and  bring  to  life  a  figure  and  a  time  which  should 
never  be  forgotten. 

In  America,  such  a  title  as  Mr.  Oliver  Onions 
has  given  his  new  book,  "Mushroom  Town" 
(Doran),  would  mean  something  in  the  oil  regions, 
or  mining  regions,  or  other  newly  opened  terri- 
tory, which  had  grown  up  in  a  day, —  as  Okla- 
homa City  did,  for  example.  In  more  leisurely 
Wales,  with  all  the  assistance  England  can  afford, 
it  takes  thirty  years  or  thereabouts  to  turn  the 
sleepy  village  of  Llanyglo  into  a  lively  and  popu- 
lar seaside  resort.  How  it  was  done,  and  what 
was  the  effect  upon  both  early  inhabitants  and  pro- 
moters, is  told  with  vivacity  and  discernment. 
Incidentally  one  learns  a  good  deal  about  the 
Welsh  people,  who  have  played  an  astonishingly 
small  part  in  English  fiction  hitherto. 

When  out  of  sorts  with  the  world,  especially 
with  the  world  of  city-life,  such  a  book  as  Mr. 
Walter  Prichard  Eaton's  "  The  Idyl  of  Twin  Fires  " 
(Doubleday)  may  be  taken  as  both  a  sedative 
and  an  alterative.  "  Twin  Fires "  is  the  name 
n  weary  instructor  in  English,  escaped  to  a  New 
England  hillside  farm,  gives  to  his  place  on  the 
suggestion  of  a  girl  doctor  of  philology  who  comes 
to  a  neighboring  boarding-house.  How  the  old 
house  is  made  better  and  lovelier  than  new,  how  the 
landscape  is  made  beautiful,  the  garden  glorified, 
and  the  farm  made  reasonably  productive,  consti- 
tutes half  the  idyl;  the  feminine  doctor  of  philol- 
ogy provides  the  better  half. 

Given  a  young  American  girl  of  good  stock  and 
rustic  training  and  allow  an  elderly  maiden  lady 
of  strong  will,  large  means,  and  excellent  social 
position  to  take  her  in  tow  from  purely  selfish  rea- 
sons, and  "  The  Diary  of  a  Beauty  "  (Lippincott) 
is  likely  to  come  out  much  as  Mrs.  Molly  Elliot 


Seawell  records  it.  Her  lovely  creature  had  one 
bad  time,  but  that  was  when  she  temporarily  lost 
her  good  looks;  the  world  was  at  her  feet  the  rest 
of  the  time,  except  when  she  most  needed  it  to  be, 
and  then  it  flatly  failed  her.  Beauty,  we  learn,  is 
more  highly  prized  in  Europe  than  in  America, 
because  of  its  greater  rarity  over  there. 

As  a  title,  "August  First"  (Scribner)  suggests 
the  war;  but  there  is  nothing  about  war  in  its 
pages,  except  the  war  of  a  soul  with  itself.  It  is 
the  joint  work  of  Mrs.  Mary  Raymond  Shipman 
Andrews  and  Mr.  Roy  Irving  Murray,  and  its  chief 
characters  are  an  anglican  curate  and  an  unhappy 
rich  girl.  The  latter  has  nearly  every  trouble  that 
can  come  with  wealth,  and  the  former  has  the  cure 
of  her  soul  through  circumstance.  A  difficult  prob- 
lem is  permitted  to  solve  itself  through  details  not 
inherent  in  the  problem  itself,  and  it  all  ends  pret- 
tily. The  book  gives  curates  another  valid  reason 
for  existing. 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 


Handbooks  on  The  new  series  entitled  "The 
the  art  and  Art  and  Craft  of  Letters" 
(Doran)  promises  to  be,  for  the 
most  part,  authoritative  in  text,  as  it  is  inex- 
pensive and  attractive  in  form.  Four  little 
volumes  have  already  been  issued :  ' '  Satire, ' ' 
by  Mr.  Gilbert  Cannan;  "History,"  by  Mr. 
R.  H.  Gretton;  "The  Epic,"  by  Mr.  Lascelles 
Abercrombie;  and  "Comedy,"  by  Mr.  John 
Palmer.  Of  these  the  first  is  the  least  satisfac- 
tory. Though  often  happy  in  its  obiter  dicta, 
as  most  critical  books  are  these  days,  it  is  too 
offhand,  too  slight,  too  vague,  and  suggests  a 
lack  of  background.  Much  of  it  is  merely 
celebration  of  the  author  of  "Erewhon," 
whose  service  to  English  life  and  letters  may 
be  "not  less  great  than  that  of  Boileau  to  the 
French."  Mr.  Abercrombie's  study  of  the 
epic  is  much  better  in  all  respects :  it  is  closely 
reasoned,  interesting,  and  sound.  Regarding 
epics  "primarily  as  stages  of  one  continuous 
development,"  the  author  discusses  the  na- 
ture of  the  epic  from  the  hoary  beginnings  to 
our  own  day.  He  questions  "whether  it  is 
really  justifiable  or  profitable  to  divide  epic 
poetry  into  the  two  contrasted  departments  of 
'authentic'  and  'literary.'  '  Avoiding  rigid 
definition,  he  indicates  the  nature  of  the  epic 
by  noting  that  "It  must  be  a  story,  and  the 
story  must  be  told  well  and  greatly;  and, 
whether  in  the  story  itself  or  in  the  telling  of 
it,  significance  must  be  implied."  To  the 
process  of  epic  poetry  the  "Nibelungenlied" 
contributed  "plot  in  narrative";  the  "Argo- 
nautica"  contributed  analytic  psychology, 
and  love  as  one  of  the  primary  values  of  life ; 
Virgil,  besides  heightening  old  aims  and 
effects,  contributed  the  expression  of  "social 
consciousness"  by  celebrating  the  Roman  Em- 
pire. "In  'Paradise  Lost.'  the  development 


1915] 


307 


of  epic  poetry  culminates,  as  far  as  it  has  yet 
gone."  "'After  Milton,  it  seems  likely  that 
there  is  nothing  more  to  be  done  with  objective 
epic.  But  Hugo's  method,  of  a  connected 
sequence  of  separate  poems,  instead  of  one 
continuous  poem,  may  come  in  here."  Mr. 
Palmer's  essay  on  comedy,  though  less  bril- 
liant than  Meredith's,  has  wider  vision.  He 
makes  much  of  the  varying  sources  of  laugh- 
ter. "We  laugh,"  he  says,  "in  different  lan- 
guages." The  essay  by  M.  Bergson  that  has 
attained  such  a  vogue  is  ' '  based  almost  entirely 
upon  the  comedies  of  Moliere."  These  are 
comedies  of  "social  gesture."  They  are  come- 
dies of  "la  parfaite  raison."  But  they  are 
not  of  the  same  type  as  English  comedy.  The 
Englishman  "is  incapable  of  seeing  things 
critically,  as  a  being  of  simple  intelligence,  for 
five  minutes  together.  His  feelings  intrude." 
His  is  the  comedy  of  humor.  Shakespeare's 
"Troilus"  and  "All's  Well"  are  between  the 
two.  Falstaff  is  representative  of  English 
comedy;  "Falstaff  is  not  judged:  he  is  ac- 
cepted. .  .  .  We  are  asked  to  become  part  of 
his  folly."  "A  national  English  comedy 
might  conceivably  have  grown  out  of  Jonson, 
humanized  by  Fletcher.  But  Congreve  killed 
the  comedy  of  'humours'  and  the  pastoral 
comedy  of  pretty  feeling,  putting  in  their 
place  something  the  English  have  never  un- 
derstood and  were  unable  to  continue, ' '  —  the 
comedy  of  manners.  For  the  present  and  the 
future,  Mr.  Palmer  would  have  English  comic 
writers  put  aside  purely  intellectual  comedy 
as  alien  to  their  spirit,  and,  instead,  recreate 
the  comedy  of  humor.  Let  their  model  "be 
Shakespeare's  way  with  Hermia  and  Rosalind, 
not  Moliere 's  way  with  the  'Precieuses  Ridi- 
cules. '  '  This  is  sound  advice,  and  it  is 
needed.  

A  capable  presentation  of  the 
The  fallacies  of  view  that  military  force  insures 

preparedness.  •.-!/•,•  i    ,-, 

against  defeat  in  war  and  there- 
fore against  having  war  at  all,  is  contained 
in  the  volume  entitled  "Peace  Insurance" 
(McClurg),  by  Mr.  Richard  Stockton,  Jr.  Of 
course  the  writer's  fundamental  contention  is 
that  the  United  States  ought  to  take  out  more 
insurance  of  this  kind  than  it  has  done; 
though  he  offers  no  explanation  as  to  why 
Europe,  which  has  long  carried  very  heavy 
insurance  of  this  sort,  has  now  so  destructive 
a  war  upon  its  hands.  The  book  contends  that 
the  Army  and  Navy  are  not  a  burden  during 
peace,  and  may  if  properly  managed  become 
paying  business  institutions;  that  however 
desirable,  arbitration,  disarmament,  or  finan- 
cial pressure  offer  no  prospect  of  relief  from 
national  rivalries;  that  the  cost  of  war  in 


lives,  misery,  and  money  has  been  exagger- 
ated; that  there  are  many  compensations  for 
the  horrors  of  war,  and  that  more  has  been 
gained  than  lost  in  many  wars;  that  the  sol- 
dier and  sailor  are  often  slandered ;  that  mili- 
tary force  is  not  opposed  to  the  interests  of 
the  average  man ;  that  our  past  wars  show  the 
need  for  a  definite  military  policy;  that  the 
recommendations  of  the  General  Staff  and  of 
the  Naval  Board  are  reasonable  and  wise. 
Mr.  Stockton  deserves  praise  for  the  usually 
dispassionate  tenor  of  his  work.  He  shows 
considerable  respect  for  Mr.  Norman  Angell, 
whom  he  pronounces  "the  most  practical  of 
pacificists."  He  has  less  patience  with  Dr. 
Jordan,  whom  he  considers  "a  dreamer"  who 
is  "apparently  better  acquainted  with  the 
military  possibilities  of  the  various  nations 
than  are  the  men  who,  as  professional  soldiers, 
make  these  matters  their  life  study. ' '  Follow- 
ing up  this  thought  of  professionalism,  Mr. 
Stockton  declares  it  unfortunate  that  civilian 
bodies  (which  must  mean  the  President,  the 
Secretary  of  War,  and  Congress,  representing 
the  people)  should  control  our  military  estab- 
lishments. But  he  is  not  at  all  satisfied  with 
America's  military  past.  He  deplores  the 
impression  given  by  our  histories  that  our 
soldiers  in  past  wars  have  shown  superiority 
to  the  enemy.  The  unhappy  result  of  this 
teaching  is  that  the  nation  continues  to  rely 
upon  volunteers,  when  the  facts  of  war  show 
that  trained  troops  alone  are  equal  to  modern 
campaigning.  Our  own  past  military  history, 
says  Mr.  Stockton,  proves  this  most  conspicu- 
ously. "Throughout  the  entire  Revolution, 
the  militia  continued  to  run,  desert,  mutiny, 
and  generally  imperil  the  welfare  of  the  Thir- 
teen Colonies."  And  witness  Bull  Run,  in 
which  the  volunteer  Union  army  took  flight; 
whereas  an  army  of  trained  troops  might  have 
crushed  its  opponents  and  ended  the  war. 
That  the  victorious  Confederate  army  at  Bull 
Run  also  consisted  of  volunteers  seems  to 
have  escaped  the  writer's  notice.  But  if  Mr. 
Stockton  is  not  satisfied  with  our  military 
past,  he  is  able  to  secure  much  comfort  and 
moral  support  for  his  cause  from  utterances 
by  former  Presidents  (some  of  them  civilians, 
by  the  way),  especially  Washington.  This 
dependence  upon  the  past  is  one  of  the  chief 
points  in  which  those  who  strive  to  avert  war 
differ  from  the  militarists.  The  latter  see 
only  war  in  the  past;  the  civilist  (as  the  anti- 
militarist  chooses  to  be  called)  sees  a  continu- 
ous development  of  law  and  order  and  a 
corresponding  objection  to  war.  The  militarist 
finds  his  warrant  in  what  has  been ;  the  civil- 
ist in  what  ought  to  be  and  can  be  if-  man  will 
but  determine  to  have  it  so. 


308 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15 


Both  knowledge  and  wisdom, 
both  book-learning  and  acquain- 
tance with  life,  speak  in  the 
pages  of  Mr.  Horace  J.  Bridget's  ethical  and 
philosophic  and  speculative  essays  grouped 
under  the  general  title,  "Criticisms  of  Life: 
Studies  in  Faith,  Hope,  and  Despair" 
(Houghton).  Mr.  Bridges,  English  by  birth 
and  breeding,  but  now  "a  candidate  for  the 
citizenship  of  this  Kepublic,"  as  he  declares 
himself,  is  the  leader  of  the  Ethical  Society  in 
Chicago,  and  his  book  is  to  be  taken  as  an 
earnest  endeavor  to  apply  the  principles  of  the 
Ethical  Movement  to  the  several  problems, 
religious  and  social  and  moral,  which  the  vol- 
ume discusses ;  or,  in  his  own  words,  "  it  is  in 
the  light  of  these  two  principles  —  the  princi- 
ple of  Idealistic  Naturalism  and  the  principle 
of  the  Supremacy  of  Ethics  —  that  I  have  re- 
examined  the  special  problems  dealt  with  by 
the  writers  and  thinkers  whose  works  I  have 
used  as  texts."  Lest  the  occurrence  of  the 
word  "despair"  in  his  sub-title  should  mis- 
lead, the  author  explains  at  the  outset  that  in 
adducing  illustrations  of  that  state  of  mind 
"the  purpose  has  been  not  merely  to  criticize 
the  doctrines  rejected,  but  to  justify  faith  and 
hope  by  destroying  the  grounds  of  their  op- 
posites."  After  this  and  other  preliminary 
remarks  the  book  opens  with  a  study  in  relig- 
ious experience,  with  Francis  Thompson's 
poem,  "The  Hound  of  Heaven,"  as  a  text, 
re-enforced  by  an  abundance  of  apt  illustra- 
tion. Then  follow  a  sharp  attack  on  Mr. 
Chesterton  as  a  theologian,  a  scorching  criti- 
cism of  Professor  Haeckel's  philosophy  of  the 
universe,  a  calmly  rational  consideration  of 
Sir  Oliver  Lodge's  famous  Presidential  Ad- 
dress, of  two  years  ago,  before  the  British 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
a  critical  review  of  "The  Inside  of  the  Cup,"  | 
a  strong  protest  against  the  "new  morality" 
advocated  in  the  writings  of  Miss  Ellen  Key 
and  Mr.  Bernard  Shaw,  an  arraignment  of 
M.  Maeterlinck  and  Colonel  Ingersoll  for  \ 
daring  to  maintain  the  justifiability  of  sui- 
cide in  certain  circumstances,  a  panegyric  on 
Captain  Scott,  and  a  brief  epilogue  on  the 
European  war.  Notable  amid  other  pro-  ; 
nounced  features  of  the  book  is  the  author's  | 
disapproval  of  Mr.  Chesterton  as  an  argumen- 
tative writer;  he  is  "the  supreme  genius  of 
inaccuracy,"  as  we  are  assured  more  than 
once,  in  varying  terms,  both  in  the  chapter 
devoted  to  him  and  elsewhere.  But,  by  a  sort 
of  nemesis  familiar  to  those  who  have  studied 
the  habits  of  that  two-edged  sword  called  criti- 
cism, the  critic  himself  falls  into  the  trap  of 
inaccuracy  and  exaggeration  in  the  very  act 
of  accusing  the  other  of  those  failings.  For 


instance,  he  speaks  of  Mr.  Chesterton's  aston- 
ishing and  not  always  admirable  productivity 
thus :  ' '  We  find  him  every  week  in  the  '  Illus- 
trated London  News'  and  the  London  'Daily 
Herald'  .  .  .  and  almost  every  month  in  al- 
most every  magazine"  —  which  is  obviously 
untrue  as  well  as  impossible  even  in  the  case 
of  that  inexhaustible  genius.  In  general,  how- 
ever, Mr.  Bridges  is  temperate  as  well  as 
agreeably  readable;  his  sanity  and  sweet  rea- 
sonableness are  qualities  of  which  we  cannot 
have  too  much  in  these  days;  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  his  book  will  have  the  wide  reading  it  so 
richly  deserves. 

Disraeli  during  The  revival  of  interest  in  the 
the  decade  problems  ot  the  British  Lmpire, 

which  came  in  the  last  quarter  of 
the  nineteenth  century  and  which  has  been 
especially  prominent  in  English  politics  since 
the  great  struggle  with  the  Boers,  has  natu- 
rally turned  the  thoughts  of  Englishmen  back 
to  the  statesman  who  more  than  any  other 
Prime  Minister  strove  to  enlarge  the  domin- 
ions of  England  over  the  seas.  It  was  found 
to  the  regret  of  many  that  no  adequate  biog- 
raphy had  been  written  of  Benjamin  Disraeli, 
that  no  author  had  ever  attempted  to  trace  the 
development  of  the  seemingly  contradictory 
principles  of  his  political  philosophy.  A  few 
years  ago  Mr.  Murray,  the  English  publisher, 
undertook  to  bring  out  such  a  work,  the  writ- 
ing of  which  was  to  be  done  by  Mr.  W.  F. 
Monypenny,  a  young  journalist  who  had 
achieved  great  distinction  in  his  profession. 
Two  volumes  appeared  in  due  time,  carrying 
the  narrative  down  to  1846.  "When  Mr. 
Monypenny  was  completing  for  the  press  the 
second  volume  of  this  biography  his  health 
was  rapidly  failing,  and  he  died  ten  days  after 
its  publication."  Mr.  George  Earle  Buckle, 
at  one  time  editor  of  the  London  "Times," 
assisted  the  author  in  putting  his  last  volume 
through  the  press,  and  to  him  the  publishers 
have  assigned  the  task  of  completing  the  biog- 
raphy. Volume  III.,  which  has  recently  ap- 
peared, is  therefore  almost  entirely  Mr. 
Buckle 's  work ;  Mr.  Monypenny  had  collected 
and  sifted  a  large  amount  of  materials,  but  he 
left  only  one  chapter  completely  written  —  an 
analysis  of  Disraeli's  novel  "Tancred."  Mr. 
Buckle  has  followed  faithfully  the  plan  origi- 
nally adopted;  to  a  large  extent  the  docu- 
ments, as  in  the  earlier  volumes,  are  allowed  to 
tell  their  own  story;  but  on  the  whole,  Mr. 
Buckle  maintains  a  better  proportion  between 
documents  and  narrative.  Like  his  predeces- 
sor, he  writes  from  a  Tory  viewpoint.  The 
new  volume  covers  the  period  from  1846  to 
1855,  the  period  of  Disraeli's  rise  to  leadership 


1915 


THE    DIAL 


309 


among  the  protectionist  Tories  and  of  his  suc- 
cessful effort  to  reshape  Toryism  along 
broader  conservative  lines.  The  most  notable 
feature  of  Mr.  Buckle's  study,  aside  from  a 
detailed  history  of  protectionism  in  its  de- 
cline, is  his  defence  of  Disraeli  against  the 
charge  that  he  was  insincere  when  he  came 
forward  as  the  champion  of  the  corn  laws. 
The  author  believes  that  he  was  thoroughly 
honest  in  his  support  of  the  agrarian  interests, 
but  that  he  regarded  protection  as  an  expe- 
dient, not  a  principle,  and  that  he  abandoned 
it  because  he  realized  that  England  was  done 
with  corn  laws.  Lord  Derby,  who  was  Dis- 
raeli's chief,  is  treated  with  some  severity; 
Mr.  Buckle  finds  him  lacking  in  foresight  and 
especially  in  political  courage.  The  volume 
contains  some  discussion  of  personal  matters, 
but  on  the  whole  it  is  chiefly  a  history  of  Dis- 
raeli's activities  in  parliament  and  of  English 
politics  generally  during  the  period  under  re- 
view. The  original  plan  was  to  complete  the 
biography  in  three  volumes;  three  have  now 
appeared,  and  Disraeli  has  scarcely  been 
launched  upon  his  great  career.  Unless  some 
different  plan  is  adopted  for  the  remainder  of 
the  work,  we  may  look  for  at  least  three  vol- 
umes more.  (Macmillan.) 


In  his  book  entitled  "Wild  Life 
ofwiid°ii?etion  Conservation  in  Theory  and 

Practice"  (Yale  University 
Press)  Dr.  William  T.  Hornaday  has  brought 
together  the  substance  of  a  series  of  lectures 
delivered  in  1914  before  the  Forest  School  of 
Yale  University.  Mr.  Frederic  C.  Walcott  has 
added  a  chapter  on  private  game  preserves  as 
factors  in  conservation,  and  a  useful  bibliog- 
raphy of  the  more  recent  works  on  wild  birds 
with  special  reference  to  game  preserves  and 
the  protection  and  propagation  of  game.  Dr. 
Hornaday,  in  his  noble  fight  on  behalf  of  the 
wild  life  of  America,  has  realized  the  impor- 
tance of  awakening  the  interest  of  the  univer- 
sities. ' '  What  is  needed, ' '  he  says,  ' '  and  now 
demanded  of  professors  and  teachers  in  all  our 
universities,  colleges,  normal  schools,  and  high 
schools,  is  vigorous  and  persistent  teaching  of 
the  ways  and  means  that  can  successfully  be 
employed  in  the  wholesale  manufacture  of 
public  sentiment  in  behalf  of  the  rational  and 
effective  protection  of  wild  life."  In  empha- 
sizing the  vital  importance  of  conservation, 
from  an  economic  even  more  than  from  a 
sentimental  standpoint,  Dr.  Hornaday  offers 
encouragement  to  further  effort  by  setting 
forth  what  has  already  been  accomplished  by 
a  comparatively  small  body  of  earnest-minded 
men  and  women.  This  work  may  be  summar- 
ized as  follows:  (1)  seventy  per  cent  of  the 


killing  of  non-game-birds  has  been  stopped; 
(2)  the  killing  of  game  has  been  restricted  to 
open  seasons,  which  have  steadily  been  made 
shorter;  (3)  long  close  seasons,  usually  for 
five  years,  have  been  extended  to  a  very  few 
species  threatened  with  local  extinction;  (4) 
the  sale  of  game  has  been  prohibited  in  seven- 
teen states ;  (5)  the  importation  of  wild  birds' 
plumage  for  millinery  and  the  use  of  native 
birds  as  hat  ornaments  have  been  completely 
suppressed;  (6)  the  creation  of  a  large  num- 
ber of  national  and  state  game-preserves  and 
bird  refuges  has  been  brought  about;  (7)  a 
partial  suppression  of  the  use  of  extra-deadly 
firearms  in  killing  birds  has  been  effected ;  (8) 
the  enactment  of  a  law  placing  all  our  610 
species  of  migratory  birds  under  the  protec- 
tion of  the  federal  government  has  been  se- 
cured. Dr.  Hornaday 's  book  should  do  much 
to  widen  and  deepen  the  interest  in  the  protec- 
tion of  our  wild  life,  and  particularly  the 
saving  from  imminent  extermination  of  sev- 
eral important  species. 


Confessions 
of  Frederick 
the  Great. 


A  timely  publication  is  Messrs. 
Putnam's  reprint  0f  "The 
Confessions  of  Frederick  the 
Great,"  edited  by  Mr.  Douglas  Sladen,  with 
a  "Foreword"  by  Mr.  George  Haven  Put- 
nam, and  a  translation  of  Treitschke's  "Life 
of  Frederick  the  Great"  appended.  If  to- 
day's interpretation  of  the  "Confessions"  is 
different  from  that  which  historical  criticism 
would  have  accorded  it  a  year  ago,  this  dif- 
ference shows  how  even  criticism  must  bear 
its  burdens  in  the  face  of  upsetting  facts. 
Mr.  Sladen  explains  that  Carlyle's  "million 
words"  are  too  many  for  the  curious  of  these 
days :  a  smaller  book  about  Frederick  has  its 
place.  The  text  of  the  "Confessions"  5s 
taken  from  an  eighteenth  century  translation, 
and  one  regrets  that  Mr.  Sladen  did  not  tell 
us  about  the  text  of  Frederick's  original, — 
whether  it  is  included  in  the  Berlin  edition  of 
his  works,  and  what  those  editors  said  of  it. 
No  one  can  hope  to  write  of  Frederick  with 
authority  who  has  not  made  himself  familiar 
with  that  remarkable  set  of  books.  That  Mr. 
Sladen  is  not  ignorant  of  the  collected  edition 
is  evident  in  his  criticism  of  Treitschke's 
praise  of  Frederick's  " Anti-Machiavell, "  as 
indicating  views  long  held  by  Frederick,  pre- 
sumably after  he  came  to  the  throne.  Mr. 
Sladen  might  have  added  that  the  "Anti- 
Machiavell"  was  written  before  the  invasion 
of  Silesia  gave  the  lie  to  all  that  was  genu- 
inely noble  in  the  earlier  writings  of  the 
Crown  Prince.  It  would  be  unfair  to  satisfy 
curiosity  by  quoting  from  the  "Confessions"; 
they  are  worth  reading,  and  one  may  duti- 


310 


THE   DIAL 


[  April  15 


fully  record  a  sense  of  loathing  at  the  doc- 
trines they  reveal.  Mr.  Putnam's  "Fore- 
word" prepares  the  reader  for  the  political 
purpose  of  the  ' '  Life  of  Frederick  the  Great ' ' 
by  Treitschke.  This  is  the  work  of  what  one 
may  call  the  Historian-Laureate  of  the 
Hohenzollerns.  It  is  small  wonder,  after  the 
testimony  of  such  foreigners  as  Macaulay  and 
Carlyle,  that  a  scholar  of  the  Court  should 
try  to  outdo  the  hero-worship  of  Frederick. 
But  nothing  in  Treitschke  reaches  the  level 
of  Macaulay 's  paragraph  describing  Freder- 
ick's unification  of  the  Germans.  One  may 
indeed  acquit  the  Germans  of  having  origi- 
nated the  Prussian  epic :  the  stuff  of  Prus- 
sian history  was  first  made  eloquent  for  all 
time  by  these  masters  of  English  prose.  And 
it  is  significant  that  no  complete  collection  of 
Frederick's  writings  was  made  until  some 
years  after  the  appearance  of  Macaulay 's 
brilliant  essay. 

Lesser-knovn          Mr«    Theodore    P.    Shonts   SOWed, 

builders  of  the  and  Colonel  George  W.  Goethals 
^  reaped;  the  Second  Isthmian 
Commission  labored,  and  the  Third  Isthmian 
Commission  entered  into  its  labors.  Such,  in 
brief,  is  the  burden  of  Mr.  W.  Leon  Pepper- 
man's  argument  in  "Who  Built  the  Panama 
Canal?"  (Button),  the  story  of  the  big  ditch 
as  told  by  the  Chief  of  Office  of  Administration 
of  the  Second  Isthmian  Canal  Commission. 
Naturally  enough  the  hero  of  the  Panama 
Canal  is,  to  most  of  us,  he  who  carried  the 
great  engineering  enterprise  to  a  triumphant 
termination;  and  almost  without  exception 
the  published  accounts  of  that  undertaking 
ascribe  the  glory  to  the  present  Governor  of 
the  Canal  Zone,  whom  in  this  season  of  na- 
tional rejoicing  over  the  completion  of  the 
mammoth  task  all  are  eager  to  honor  with  the 
recognition  he  unquestionably  deserves.  Hence 
there  is  room,  and  to  spare,  in  the  book-world 
for  a  volume  calling  attention  to  the  man  who, 
as  one  of  the  engineers  expressed  it  in  speak- 
ing of  Mr.  Shonts  and  those  under  him, ' '  built 
the  machine  and  started  it  going,  and  then 
gave  the  handle  to  Goethals,  who  turned  the 
crank  and  ground  out  the  results. ' '  Mr.  John 
F.  Stevens,  Chief  Engineer  under  Mr.  Shonts, 
is  also  duly  honored  in  Mr.  Pepperman's 
pages,  and,  still  further  to  discharge  a 
neglected  duty,  the  abortive  efforts  of  the 
French  to  cut  the  western  continent  in  two 
are  made  to  appear  of  vast  though  commonly 
unrecognized  importance.  In  fact,  the  author 
contends  that  "the  three  controlling  factors  in 
the  final  construction  of  the  waterway  across 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama  were  the  French,  Theo- 
dore Roosevelt,  and  the  railroad  men,"  the 


chief  of  the  last-named  being,  of  course,  Mr. 
Shonts.  Noteworthy  on  its  artistic  side  are 
the  book's  reproductions  of  Mr.  Joseph  Pen- 
nell's  deservedly  famous  pictures  of  Panama 
Canal  scenes.  To  these  are  added  good  por- 
traits of  the  chief  architects  of  the  great  work. 
Mr.  Pepperman's  book  was  needed  to  help 
round  out  the  story  of  the  big  canal. 

There  is  a  lilt  and  rush  of  mel- 

Mr.  Markham'a  .  „ 

latest  volume  ody  in  much  01  the  recent  verse 
of  Mr.  Edwin  Markham,  now 
collected  under  the  title  of  "The  Shoes  of 
Happiness,  and  Other  Poems"  (Doubleday), 
which  make  the  worm-eaten  lines  of  the 
"new"  poets  seem  shabby  by  contrast.  Wit- 
ness this  from  ' '  Virgilia" : 
"  What  was  I  back  in  the  world's  first  wonder?  — 

An  elf -child  found  on  an  ocean  reef, 
A  sea-child  nursed  by  the  surge  and  thunder 

And  marked  for  the  lyric  grief." 

Or    this    from    its    sequel,    "The    Crowning 

Hour": 

"  We  are  caught  in  the  coil  of  a  God's  romances  — 

We  come  from  old  worlds  and  we  go  afar : 
I  have  missed  you  again  in  the  Earth's  wild 

chances  — 
Now  to  another  star !  " 

The  poet  is  represented  in  various  moods. 
Best  of  the  narrative  verse  is  "The  Juggler  of 
Touraine,"  the  juggler  being  described  as  a 
jolly  punchinello  trotting  out  on  tipsy  stilts 
from  a  strange  old  medieval  legend  of  the 
Madonna.  The  title  poem  is  rich  in  imagery ; 
it  is  otherwise  adequate  in  the  main,  but  it 
leaves  the  suggestion  that  the  search  for  the 
blue  flower,  the  blue  bird,  the  shoes  of  the 
shoeless  beggar,  or  whatever  the  symbol,  is 
not  the  theme,  for  Mr.  Markham  at  least,  that 
will  most  nobly  "shake  the  soul  and  let  the 
glory  out."  Nor  do  the  songs  of  war  and 
peace,  of  social  vision,  of  religion,  strike  depths 
as  unerringly  as  do  those  of  love  and  youth. 
Of  unusual  distinction  is  "Villon:  He  Still 
Complaineth  of  His  Piteous  Plight, ' '  for  there 
is  more  than  the  cynic's  philosophy  about  the 
vagaries  of  fortune  in  the  recurring  last  line 
of  each  stanza  of  the  poem,  which  begins  as 
follows : 

"  Here  am  I  now  in  a  piteous  plight, 

Doused  and  dour  in  a  hell,  you  see; 
For  I  slipt  and  fell  in  the  mortal  fight ; 

I  was  one,  but  the  fates  were  three !  " 

A  pity  it  is  that  those  who  would 
$?S*8«tr.  most  Benefit  by  a  thoughtful 

and  fair-minded  reading  of  Dr. 
Joseph  H.  Crocker's  book,  "Shall  I  Drink?" 
(Pilgrim  Press)  are  the  very  ones  least  likely 
to  give  it  even  a  glance.  Its  arguments,  sup- 
ported by  the  best  of  medical  and  penological 


1915 


THE    DIAL 


311 


and  other  competent  authority,  against  the 
use  of  alcoholic  liquors  are  so  obvious  as  well 
as  unanswerable  that  the  only  wonder  is  they 
should  have  to  be  stated  at  all.  But  it  has 
long  been  a  self-evident  truth  that  men  are 
governed,  not  by  their  reason,  but  by  their 
feelings;  and  hence  it  is  that  all  the  world 
does  not  eagerly  accept  and  profit  by  such 
convincing  demonstrations  of  its  folly  as  this 
from  Dr.  Crooker.  Without  fanaticism  he 
urges  the  desirability,  from  almost  every 
point  of  view,  of  having  nothing  to  do  with 
alcoholic  drinks,  marshalling  his  facts  and 
figures  and  other  instruments  of  persuasion, 
or  dissuasion,  in  ten  well-considered  chapters, 
beginning  with  the  ancient  origin  of  what  he 
calls  "the  drink  superstition,"  proceeding 
with  a  calm  examination  of  all  that  can  be 
said  in  favor  of  a  more  or  less  restricted  indul- 
gence in  intoxicants,  exposing  the  failure  of 
even  the  famous  Gothenburg  system  and  show- 
ing that  "liquor  selling  and  liquor  drinking 
can  no  more  be  made  harmless  than  gambling 
and  leprosy, ' '  and  concluding  with  an  encour- 
aging survey  of  present  "signs  of  promise." 
Sixteen  copyrighted  charts  of  the  Scientific 
Temperance  Federation  are  inserted  by  per- 
mission as  a  graphic  aid  to  the  enforcement  of 
the  argument  against  drink. 


Tke  most  ^°  su^ject   of   natural   history 

interesting  of  offers  a  more  fascinating  field 
for  study  than  the  life-history 
of  the  American  beaver.  The  beaver  has 
probably  been  the  subject  of  more  pure  fiction 
than  any  other  known  animal;  yet  when  one 
has  read  such  a  book  as  Mr.  A.  Radclyff  e  Dug- 
more  's  "Romance  of  the  Beaver"  (Lippin- 
cott),  in  which  every  statement  is  supported 
by  indisputable  evidence,  generally  the  result 
of  the  author's  own  painstaking  observations, 
one  is  left  with  the  feeling  that  the  true  life 
of  the  beaver  is  quite  as  wonderful  as  the 
fictitious  exploits  with  which  the  industrious 
little  animal  is  credited  in  some  of  our  early 
narratives.  Mr.  Dugmore  makes  no  more  am- 
bitious claim  for  his  book  than  that  he  has 
tried  to  keep  the  subject  free  from  exaggera- 
tion and  technicalities.  He  has  done  that,  and 
a  good  deal  more.  He  has  brought  together 
an  extraordinary  mass  of  material  relating  to 
the  life,  habits,  and  wonderful  engineering 
feats  of  the  beaver ;  he  has  presented  this  ma- 
terial in  a  most  attractive  and  convincing  way, 
and  he  has  illustrated  every  point  with  a 
photograph  or  an  original  drawing.  Inci- 
dentally he  makes  a  strong  plea  for  the  pro- 
tection of  ' '  the  most  interesting  animal  to-day 
extant."  The  book  makes  a  welcome  addition 
to  the  scanty  literature  on  the  beaver. 


NOTES. 


"  The  Socialist  and  the  War,"  by  Mr.  William 
English  Walling,  is  a  volume  announced  for  April 
issue  by  Messrs.  Holt. 

Two  novels  scheduled  for  publication  this  month 
by  Messrs.  Putnam  are  Miss  Ethel  M.  Dell's  "  The 
Keeper  of  the  Door  "  and  Miss  Leslie  Moore's  "  The 
Jester." 

Mr.  Ernest  Rhys  has  prepared  a  biographical 
sketch  of  Rabindranath  Tagore,  his  ideals,  achieve- 
ments, and  ambitions,  which  Messrs.  Macmillan  will 
publish. 

Baron  de  Kusel  (Bey),  formerly  controller  gen- 
eral of  Egyptian  customs,  has  written  a  volume  of 
reminiscences  which  will  be  issued  by  Messrs.  John 
Lane  Co. 

A  book  on  "  Methods  and  Aims  in  the  Study  of 
Literature,"  by  Professor  Lane  Cooper  of  Cornell 
University,  is  soon  to  appear  with  Messrs.  Ginn  & 
Co.'s  imprint. 

"  The  Little  Man,  and  Other  Satires,"  studies  of 
various  phases  and  types  of  modern  society  by 
Mr.  John  Galsworthy,  is  promised  for  early  issue 
by  Messrs.  Scribner. 

M.  Pierre  Berger's  study  of  "William  Blake: 
His  Mysticism  and  Poetry,"  which  has  attracted 
much  attention  in  France,  is  soon  to  appear  in  an 
English  translation  made  by  Mr.  D.  H.  Conner. 

In  his  forthcoming  volume  on  "Arms  and  the 
Race,"  Professor  R.  M.  Johnston  shows  the  diffi- 
culties in  the  way  of  disarmament  and  considers, 
as  a  matter  of  history,  the  effect  of  war  upon 
nations. 

The  first  book  dealing  with  the  author  of 
"  Erewhon  "  is  soon  to  appear  in  Mr.  Gilbert  Can- 
nan's  "Samuel  Butler:  A  Critical  Study."  It 
would  be  edifying  to  have  Butler's  own  comments 
on  this  enterprise. 

A  new  volume  of  Mr.  L.  P.  Jacks's  stimulating 
essays  is  soon  to  be  published  under  the  title, 
"  Urgent  Themes."  Mr.  Jacks  is  editor  of  "  The 
Hibbert  Journal,"  and  the  author  of  several  pre- 
viously published  books. 

During  the  month  Colonel  S.  B.  Steele's  "  Forty 
Years  in  Canada,"  the  record  of  a  frontiersman  and 
soldier,  will  be  issued  by  Messrs.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 
The  Rt.  Hon.  Lord  Strathcona  has  written  an  intro- 
duction for  the  volume. 

Mr.  A.  C.  Benson's  memoir  of  his  brother,  Mon- 
signor  Benson,  soon  to  be  published  under  the  title 
"  Hugh,"  is  not  intended  as  a  formal  and  finished 
biography.  It  was  only  written  "  to  fix  scenes 
and  memories  before  they  suffered  from  any  dim 
obliteration  of  time." 

Mrs.  Hugh  Fraser,  whose  several  volumes  of 
"  Reminiscences  of  a  Diplomatist's  Wife "  have 
been  widely  read  and  enjoyed,  will  give  us  some 
additional  chapters  of  autobiography  in  a  book 
entitled  "  Seven  Years  on  the  Pacific  Slope,"  to 
appear  during  the  spring. 

The  first  volumes  to  appear  in  the  "  New  Poetry 
Series,"  announced  by  the  Houghton  Mifflin  Co., 
are  the  following :  "  Irradiations,"  by  Mr.  John 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15- 


Gould  Fletcher;  "Japanese  Lyrics,"  by  Lafcadio 
Hearn ;  "  The  Winnowing  Fan,"  by  Mr.  Lawrence 
Binyon ;  and  an  anthology,  "Some  Imagiste  Poets." 
An  autobiographical  "  Revery  on  My  Childhood 
and  Youth,"  by  Mr.  W.  B.  Yeats,  is  likely  to  prove 
one  of  the  most  interesting  publications  of  the 
season.  The  volume  will  bear  the  imprint  of  the 
Cuala  Press  of  Dublin.  We  note  also  the  announce- 
ment of  an  impending  critical  study  of  Mr.  Yeats, 
from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Forrest  Reid. 

Mr.  Albert  Bigelow  Paine  is  preparing  to  com- 
pile a  collection  of  Mark  Twain's  letters,  which 
Messrs.  Harper  will  publish.  In  his  recent  biog- 
raphy he  was  forced  to  restrict  the  inclusion  of  any 
correspondence  of  Twain  to  such  letters  as  illumi- 
nated the  text,  but  now  his  aim  is  to  print  all  the 
available  correspondence  which  will  come  into  his 
hands. 

Professor  Gilbert  Murray's  "  The  Stoic  Philoso- 
phy," to  be  published  this  month,  is  the  sixth  of  the 
memorial  lectures  founded  in  memory  of  Moncure 
D.  Conway,  and  delivered  annually  at  South  Place 
Institute.  The  five  preceding  lecturers  were  Mr. 
J.  M.  Robertson,  Mr.  Norman  Angell,  Mr.  H.  W. 
Nevinson,  Mr.  William  Archer,  and  Mr.  John 
Russell. 

Still  another  series  (the  third)  of  monographs 
on  prominent  writers  of  the  day  is  announced  by  a 
London  publisher.  It  will  bear  the  general  title, 
"  Studies  of  Living  Authors,"  and  in  the  first  three 
volumes  to  appear  Mr.  H.  G.  Wells  will  be  dealt 
with  by  Mr.  R.  W.  Talbot  Cox,  Mr.  Arnold  Bennett 
by  Professor  J.  R.  Skemp,  and  M.  Anatole  France 
by  Mr.  Geoffrey  Cookson.  The  books  will  be  full- 
length  studies,  rather  than  brief  outlines. 

A  ten-volume  translation  of  the  most  important 
works  of  Martin  Luther,  from  the  Ninety-five  The- 
ses of  1517  until  his  death,  is  announced  by  Messrs. 
A.  J.  Holman  Co.,  of  Philadelphia.  Each  volume 
will  be  provided  with  an  introduction  and  explana- 
tory notes.  The  translation  has  been  done  by  schol- 
ars who  have  devoted  the  past  five  years  to  a  study 
of  Luther's  treatises,  and  the  work  aims  to  reveal 
the  reformer  in  all  his  many-sided  activity.  The 
first  volume  of  the  set  wili  appear  this  month. 

Indiana  librarians,  as  is  announced  in  the  "  Li- 
brary Occurrent"  of  the  Public  Library  Commis- 
sion of  Indiana,  are  advocating  the  passage,  by 
their  State  legislature,  of  a  librarians'  licensing 
bill  authorizing  the  appointment,  by  the  Commis- 
sion, of  a  board  of  library  examiners  "  whose  duty 
it  shall  be  to  establish  grades,  hold  examinations, 
and  accredit  library  schools."  The  examiners  are 
to  be  four  in  number  and  to  serve,  after  the  system 
is  well  started,  four  years  each,  without  pay,  and 
with  one  vacancy  to  fill  every  year. 

For  the  volume  entitled  "  Bronte  Poems :  Selec- 
tions from  the  Poetry  of  Charlotte,  Emily,  Anne, 
and  Branwell  Bronte,  including  Some  Poems  Hith- 
erto Unprinted,"  which  is  now  nearly  ready  for 
publication,  the  editor,  Mr.  A.  C.  Benson,  has  laid 
under  contribution  all  the  poems  hitherto  printed. 
The  object  has  been  to  make  accessible  for  the  first 
time  in  one  volume  all  the  best  poetical  work  of  the 
Bronte  familv.  Each  of  the  sisters  is  included  in 


the  pieces  now  first  published.  Reproductions  of 
the  recently  discovered  portraits  of  the  sisters  and 
facsimile  MSS.  are  also  included. 

The  "Reminiscences  and  Letters  of  Sir  Robert 
Ball,"  edited  by  his  son,  Mr.  W.  Valentine  Ball,, 
will  appear  at  once  in  England.  The  reminiscences 
were  begun  by  Sir  Robert  Ball  some  years  before 
his  death  toward  the  end  of  1913,  but  failing  health 
prevented  him  from  completing  the  work.  In 
revising  and  editing  the  material  at  his  father's 
request,  Mr.  Ball  has  interwoven  letters  to  and 
from  many  distinguished  correspondents,  and  added 
the  personal  recollections,  among  others,  of  hia 
uncle,  Sir  Charles  Ball,  and  Sir  Joseph  Larmor; 
while  Professor  E.  T.  Whittaker  has  contributed 
an  appendix  dealing  with  Sir  Robert's  mathe- 
matical work. 

One  of  our  most  noted  English  scholars,  Profes- 
sor Thomas  R.  Lounsbury  of  Yale,  died  April  9  at 
New  Haven.  Born  at  Ovid,  N.  Y.,  January  1, 1838r 
he  was  graduated  in  1859  from  the  college  to  which 
he  gave  the  best  of  his  energies  and  talents  for 
nearly  the  rest  of  his  life.  Literary  work  of  a  hum- 
ble sort  occupied  the  two  years  following  his  gradu- 
ation ;  then  came  three  years  of  military  service  in 
the  Civil  War;  five  years  after  its  close  he  became 
instructor  in  English  at  the  Sheffield  Scientific 
School  of  Yale  University,  and  from  1871  we  find 
him  holding  a  professorship  of  the  English  Lan- 
guage and  Literature.  He  was  librarian  of  the 
Sheffield  Scientific  School  from  1873  to  1906,  and 
had  been  Professor  Emeritus  after  the  latter  date. 
His  membership  in  the  American  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Letters,  and  in  other  learned  societies,  bore 
witness  to  his  scholarship  and  repute.  Apart  from 
his  well-known  Chaucerian  and  Shakespearean  and 
linguistic  writings,  which  hardly  need  to  be  enumer- 
ated here,  he  made  not  many  contributions  to  litera- 
ture, but  will  be  remembered  for  his  biography  of 
James  Fenimore  Cooper  in  the  "American  Men  of 
Letters  "  series ;  and  not  very  long  before  he  died 
he  published  some  lectures  on  "  The  Early  Literary 
Career  of  Robert  Browning."  He  had  also  edited 
the  complete  works  of  Charles  Dudley  Warner,  with 
biographical  introduction.  Vigor  and  independence 
distinguished  his  work  as  a  writer  —  even  to  the 
point  of  espousing  the  spelling-reform  heresy. 


OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  58  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

Letters  to  a  Friend:  Written  to  Mrs.  Ezra  S.  Carr, 
1866-1879.  By  John  Muir.  12mo,  194  pages. 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $3.  net. 

R.  L.  Stevenson:  A  Critical  Study.  By  Frank 
Swinnerton.  With  photogravure  frontispiece, 
8vo,  216  pages.  Mitchell  Kennerley.  $2.50  net. 

The  English  Essay  and  Essayists.  By  Hugh  Walker, 
LL.D.  "  Channels  of  English  Literature."  8vo, 
343  pages.  E.  P.  Button  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

James  Russell  Lowell  as  a  Critic.  By  Joseph  J. 
Reilly,  Ph.D.  12mo,  228  pages.  G.  P.  Putram's 
Sons.  $1.25  net. 

King  Albert's  Book:  A  Tribute  to  the  Belgian 
King  and  People  from  Representative  Men  and" 
Women  throughout  the  World.  Illustrated  in 
photogravure  and  color,  large  8vo,  188  pages. 
Hearst's  International  Library  Co.  $1.50  net. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


313 


HISTORY  AND   BIOGRAPHY. 

The  French  in  the  Heart  of  America.  By  John  Fin- 
ley.  8vo,  431  pages.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 
$2.50  net. 

Memories  and  Musings.  By  John  Widdicombe.  Il- 
lustrated, Svo,  492  pages.  E.  P.  Button  &  Co. 
$4.  net. 

My  Life  Out  of  Prison.  By  Donald  Lowrie.  12mo, 
345  pages.  Mitchell  Kennerley.  $1.50  net. 

Narrative  of  Johann  Carl  Buettner  in  the  American 
Revolution.  With  frontispiece  in  color,  large 
Svo,  69  pages.  New  York:  Charles  F.  Heart- 
man. 

The  Solitaries  of  the  Samlraca.  By  Daniel  Maulds- 
ley;  with  prefatory  note  by  Montgomery  Car- 
michael.  Illustrated,  12mo,  252  pages.  E.  P. 
Dutton  &  Co.  $2.  net. 

Letters  Written  by  Ebenezer  Huntington  during 
the  American  Revolution.  With  portrait,  large 
Svo,  112  pages.  New  York:  Charles  F.  Heart- 
man. 

DRAMA  AND   VERSE. 

Poems.  By  Maurice  Maeterlinck;  done  into  En- 
glish verse  by  Bernard  Miall.  12mo,  131  pages. 
Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Garden  of  Paradise.  By  Edward  Sheldon. 
With  frontispiece,  12mo,  244  pages.  Macmillan 
Co.  $1.25  net. 

Selections  from  Catullus.  Translated  into  English 
verse,  with  an  Introduction  on  the  theory  of 
translation,  by  Mary  Stewart.  12mo,  71  pages. 
Richard  G.  Badger.  $1.  net. 

Verse.  By  Vance  Thompson.  With  portrait,  12mo, 
50  pages.  Mitchell  Kennerley.  $1.  net. 

FICTION. 

A  Girl  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  By  Payne  Erskine.  Il- 
lustrated, 12mo,  401  pages.  Little,  Brown  &  Co. 
$1.35  net. 

The  Holy  Flower.  By  H.  Rider  Haggard.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  384  pages.  Longmans,  Green  &  Co. 
$1.35  net. 

Prince  and  Heretic.  By  Marjorie  Bowen.  12mo, 
374  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

The  Winning  of  Lucia:  A  Love  Story.  By  Amelia 
E.  Barr.  Illustrated,  12mo,  335  pages.  D.  Apple- 
ton  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

Loneliness?  By  Robert  Hugh  Benson.  12mo,  371 
pages.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

Ruggles  of  Red  Gap.  By  Harry  Leon  Wilson.  Il- 
lustrated, 12mo,  371  pages.  Doubleday,  Page  & 
Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Great  Tradition,  and  Other  Stories.  By  Katha- 
rine Fullerton  Gerould.  12mo,  353  pages. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $1.35  net. 

The  Idyl  of  Twin  Fires.  By  Walter  Prichard  Eaton. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  304  pages.  Doubleday,  Page 
&  Co.  $1.35  net. 

The  Pretender:  A  Story  of  the  Latin  Quarter.  By 
Robert  W.  Service.  With  frontispiece,  12mo, 
349  pages.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

The  Him  of  the  Desert.  By  Ada  Woodruff  Ander- 
son. With  frontispiece,  12mo,  402  pages.  Little, 
Brown  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

The  Conscience  of  Sarah  Platt.  By  Alice  Gersten- 
berg.  12mo,  325  pages.  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

Lovers  in  Exile.  By  the  author  of  "  The  Letters 
Which  Never  Reached  Him."  12mo,  344  pages. 
E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

A  Freelance  in  Kashmir:  A  Tale  of  the  Great  An- 
archy. By  G.  F.  MacMunn,  D.S.O.  12mo,  344 
pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Hlllsboro  People.  By  Dorothy  Canfleld.  12mo,  346 
pages.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

TRAVEL  AND  DESCRIPTION. 

The  Rediscovered  Country.  By  Stewart  Edward 
White,  F.R.G.S.  Illustrated,  Svo,  358  pages. 
Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.  $2.  net. 

The     California    Padres    and     Their    Missions.       By 

Charles  Francis  Saunders  and  J.  Smeaton  Chase. 
Illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  Svo,  418  pages.  Hough- 
ton  Miffiin  Co.  $2.50  net. 

•Sketches  In  Poland.  Written  and  painted  by  Fran- 
ces Delaney  Little.  Illustrated  in  color,  Svo,  344 
pages.  F.  A.  Stokes  Co.  $2.50  net. 

The  Rocky  Mountain  Wonderland.  By  Enos  A. 
Mills.  Illustrated,  Svo,  363  pages.  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co.  $1.75  net. 

The  Yellowstone  National  Park:  Historical  and 
Descriptive.  By  Hiram  Martin  Chittenden.  En- 
larged and  revised  edition;  illustrated,  Svo,  350 
pages.  Stewart  &  Kidd  Co. 

In  the  Old  West.  By  George  Frederick  Ruxton; 
edited  by  Horace  Kephart.  12mo,  345  pages. 
Outing  Publishing  Co.  $1.  net. 


PUBLIC  AFFAIRS SOCIOLOGY  AND 

ECONOMICS. 

The  Progressive  Movement.  By  Benjamin  Parke 
De  Witt,  LL.B.  12mo,  376  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$1.50  net. 

Essays  in  Social  Justice.  By  Thomas  Nixon  Carter, 
LL.D.  Svo,  429  pages.  Harvard  University 
Press.  $2.  net. 

Lower  Living  Costs  in  Cities:  A  Constructive  Pro- 
gramme for  Urban  Efficiency.  By  Clyde  Lyndon 
King,  Ph.D.  12mo,  355  pages.  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 
$1.50  net. 

Government  for  the  People.  By  Thomas  H.  Reed. 
12mo,  265  pages.  B.  W.  Huebsch.  $1.50  net. 

Woman's  Work  in  Municipalities.  By  Mary  Ritter 
Beard.  12mo.,  344  pages.  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 
$1.50  net. 

American  Women  In  Civic  "Work.  By  Helen  Chris- 
tine Bennett.  With  portraits,  12mo,  277  pages. 
Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Happiness  of  Nations:  A  Beginning  in  Polit- 
ical Engineering.  By  James  MacKaye.  12mo, 
256  pages.  B.  W.  Huebsch.  $1.25  net. 

The  Awakening  of  Woman:  Suggestions  from  the 
Psychic  Side  of  Feminism.  By  Florence  Guertin 
Tuttle.  12mo,  164  pages.  The  Abingdon  Press. 
$1.  net. 

NATURE    AND    OUT-DOOR   LIFE. 

Bramble-bees  and  Others.  By  J.  Henri  Fabre; 
translated  from  the  French  by  Alexander  Teix- 
eira  de  Mattos.  12mo,  456  pages.  Dodd,  Mead 
&  Co.  $1.50  net. 

The  Bird  Book.  By  Chester  A.  Reed,  B.S.  Illus- 
trated in  color,  etc.,  large  Svo,  472  pages. 
Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.  $3.  net. 

Pro  and  Con  of  Golf.  Written  and  compiled  by 
Alexander  H.  Revell.  Illustrated,  12mo,  276 
pages.  Rand,  McNally  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Key  to  the  Land:  What  a  City  Man  Did  with 
a  Small  Farm.  By  Frederick  F.  Rockwell.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  213  pages.  Harper  &  Brothers. 
$1.  net. 

Killing  for  Sport:  Essays  by  Various  Writers. 
Edited  by  Henry  S.  Salt;  with  Preface  by 
Bernard  Shaw.  12mo,  186  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$1.  net. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Colour  Vision.  By 
J.  Herbert  Parsons,  D.Sc.  Illustrated,  large  Svo, 
308  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $3.75  net. 

Outlines  of  Child  Study.  By  William  A.  McKeever. 
12mo,  181  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.  net. 

Economic  Zoology  and  Entomology.  By  Vernon 
Lyman  Kellogg  and  Rennie  Wilbur  Doane.  Il- 
lustrated, 12mo,  532  pages.  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

Tabular  Views  of  Universal  History.  Compiled  by 
George  Palmer  Putnam,  A.M.,  and  continued  by 
George  Haven  Putnam,  Litt.D.  Revised  and  en- 
larged edition;  with  maps,  Svo,  415  pages.  G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons.  $2.50  net. 

Profitable  Vocations  for  Boys.  By  E.  M.  Weaver 
and  J.  Frank  Byler,  Ph.D.  12mo,  282  pages. 
A.  S.  Barnes  Co. 

Handbook  of  the  Cesnola  Collection  of  Antiquities 
from  Cyprus.  By  John  L.  Myres.  Illustrated, 
Svo,  596  pages.  New  York:  Metropolitan 
Museum  of  Art.  Paper. 


Send  S  cents  in  stamps  for  first  number  of 

Reference  Bulletin  Pub£hed 

INDEX  OFFICE,  Inc.,  110  N.Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago 

Bibliographies,  abstracts,  translations  furnished 
at  moderate  rates. 


"The  Ethical  Value  of  Oriental  Religions 
under  the  Roman  Empire" 

By 

PROFESSOR  CLIFFORD  H.  MOORE  of  Harvard 

in 

The  Harvard  Theological  Review  for  April 


314 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15 


MRS.  RACHEL  WEST  CLEMENT 

Experienced   Authors'  Agent,  Reader  and    Critic,  Specializing    in 

Short  Stories.     Reading  fee,  $1.00  for  5,000  words  or  under,  includes 

short  criticism.  Circular!  on  request. 

6646  Germantown  Ave.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 


"Altogether  the  beat  treatment  of  the 
contemporary  drama  extant" 


CHANGING  DRAMA 

By  Archibald  Henderson 

"Your  critical  volumes  stand  in  the  forefront  of  our 
American  criticism.  You  are  helping  to  build  up  the 
idealism  of  the  century.  May  you  have  strength  and 
length  of  days  for  this  fine  service." 

—  EDWIN  MARKHAM. 

HENRY  HOLT  AND  COMPANY,  New  York 


WINSLOW  HOMER 

By  KENYON  COX 

Crown  octavo.    Illustrated  in  color  and  photogravure, 
joo  copies  on  Dutch  handmade  paper  at  $12.50  net. 
"An  authoritative  and  sincere  piece  of  able  criti- 
cism. Mr.  Cox  is  a  critic  of  true  acumen.  It  is  beauti- 
fully illustrated." 

—  Wm.  Howe  Downes  in  Boston  Transcript. 
"Explains  everything  that  is  explicable  in  Homer's 
art.   The  best  piece  of  criticism  the  writer  has  yet 
put  to  his  credit.     It  is  beautifully  printed." 

— Royal  Cortissoz  in  New  York  Tribune. 

FREDERIC  FAIRCHILD  SHERMAN 
1790  BROADWAY  NEW  YORK  CITY 


LIBRARIANS 

Will  Find 

THE  MISCELLANY 

valuable  for  its  treatment  of  books  and  subjects  of 
literary  interest  not  always  adequately  treated  by 
bibliographical  periodicals.  Issued  quarterly:  One 
dollar  per  year. 

THE  MISCELLANY 

17  Board  of  Trade         Kansas  City,  Missouri 


OF  ALL 
KINDS 


BOOKS 

We  are  the  leading  wholesale  dealers 
in  the  books  of  all  publishers.  Our 
immense  stock  and  our  location  in 
the  publishing  centre  of  the  country 
enable  us  to  fill  orders — large  and 
small — for  books  of  all  kinds,  with 

the  greatest  dispatch. 
THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO. 

33-37  East  17th  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


THE 

BIBELOT 


1895-1915 


The  Bibelot  in  complete  sets 
is  sold  on  partial  payments 
and  immediate  delivery 
made  of  all  the  volumes  on 
terms  mutually  satisfactory 
to  publisher  and  purchaser. 


THOMAS  BIRD  MOSHER 

Portland,  Maine 


The  only  general  literary  magazine 

specifically  devoted  to  the  interests 

of  the  Middle  West 

The  Midland 

Some  of  the  contributors:  Arthur  Davison 
Ficke,  Keene  Abbott,  Mrs.  Coburn  of  the 
Coburn  players,  William  Ellery  Leonard, 
H.  B.  Alexander  and  John  G.  Neihardt. 
Published  monthly  at  Iowa  City,  Iowa.  $1.50  a  year. 
Sample  copies  gladly  furnished. 


The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art 

announces  the  publication  of  a  HANDBOOK 

OF  THE  CESNOLA  COLLECTION  OF  AN- 
TIQUITIES FROM  CYPRUS,  by  John  L. 
Myres,  Wykeham  Professor  of  Oxford 
University.  Iv  +  596  pp.  ills.  pis.  map,  8vo. 
Price  $2,  postage  22  cents. 

The  most  important  publication  on  this  subject. 
Shortly  to  be  published: 

Catalogue  of  Greek,  Etruscan  and  Roman 
Bronzes  by  Gisela  M.  A.  Richter. 


STATEMENT  of  the  Ownership,  Management,  Circulation, 
etc.,  Required  by  the  Act  of  August  24,  1912,  of  THE 
DIAL,  published  fortnightly  at  Chicago,  for  April  1,  1915. 

Editor  —  Waldo  R.  Browne,  Wyoming,  New  York. 

Managing  Editor  —  None. 

Business  Manager  —  H.  S.  Browne,  420  Hamilton  street, 
Evanston,  111. 

Publisher  —  The  Henry  O.  Shepard  Company,  632  Sher- 
man street,  Chicago. 

Owners  —  Trustees  of  the  Estate  of  Henry  O.  Shepard,. 
Deceased. 

Known  bondholders,  mortgagees,  and  other  security  hold- 
ers, holding  1  per  cent  or  more  of  total  amount  of  bonds, 
mortgages,  or  other  securities  —  None. 

H.  S.  BROWNE, 
Business  Manager. 

Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me  this  Twenty-second  day  of 
March,  1915. 

[SEAL]  HARRY  H.  FLINN,  Notary  Public. 

(My  commission  expires  February  8,  1916.) 


1915 


THE   DIAL 


315 


The  Standard  History  of  the 
American  Indian 

The  American  Indian  in  the  United  States,  Period  1850-1914. 
Fully  illustrated  by  half-tones  from  photographs.  Also  9 
fine  prints  trom  copper  plates,  3  maps  and  a  colored  plate. 
By  Warren  K.  Mooiehead,  A.M.  Quarto,  440 pp.  $3-75net. 

THE  ANDOVER  PRESS.  Andover.  Mass. 


ONE  OF  OUR  BOOK  BARGAINS 

PAUSANIAS'S 
DESCRIPTION  OF  GREECE 

Published  Price,  $35.00,  Our  Price,  $18.50 

THE  H.  R.  HUNTTING  CO.,  Springfield,  Mass 


Heredity  and  Sex 

By  THOMAS  HUNT  MORGAN,  Ph.D. 

Professor  of  Experimental  Zoology,  Columbia  University. 

121110,  cloth,  pp.  ix.+  282.    Illustrated.     Price,  $1.75  net; 
by  mail,  $1.90. 

Studies  in  Southern 
History  and  Politics 

Edited  by  JAMES  W.  GARNER 

Prof essor  of  Political  Science  in  the  University  vf  Illinois. 
8vo,  cloth,  pp.  viii  +  394.    Price  $2.50  net. 

A  collection  of  fifteen  articles  on  topics  relating  to  the 
South  by  professors  in  various  colleges  and  universities  of 
the  country. 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 


LEMCKE  AND  BUECHNER,  Agents 


30-32  West  27th  Street 


NEW  YORK 


First  Volume  Now  Ready 

Works  of  Martin  Luther 

to  be  completed  in  ten  volumes 

The  most  important  writings  of  Martin  Luther, 
selected  with  a  view  to  the  illustration  of  all  sides 
of  his  life  and  work,  translated  from  the  original 
languages,  and  provided  with  introductions,  crit- 
ical and  explanatory  notes,  and  with  full  biogra- 
phies, by  a  group  of  Luther  scholars  who  have 
been  occupied  with  the  work  since  1910. 

To  be  the  standard  edition  of  Luther  in  the  English 
language. 

Each  volume  to  contain  about  400  pages. 
Crown  8vo. 

Price,  per  volume.  $2.00  net 


Philadelphia. 


The  A.  J.  Holman  Co. 


BOOKS.  AUTOGRAPHS.  PRINTS.          Catalogues  Free. 
R.  ATKINSON,  97  Sundcrland  Road,  Forest  Hill,  LONDON,  ENG. 


ROOKS     A"  Out-of-Print  Books  Supplied. 

•**  V^  Vr  J*.  k7     nomatteron  what  subject. 


Write  ns.  We  can  get 
you  any  book  ever  published.     Please  state  wants.     Catalogue  free. 

Baker's  Great  Book  Shop,  14-16  Bright  St.,  Birmingham.  En£. 


SECOND-HAND  BOOKS.  General  Literature,  ist 
Editions.  Enquiries  esteemed.  Frequent  catalogues  post  free. 
GORFIN.  S2A.  CHARING  CROSS  ROAD.  LONDON.  W.  C. 


W.  HEFFER  &  SONS,  LTD. 
BOOKSELLERS 

CAMBRIDGE,  ENGLAND 

Just  issued,  Catalogue  No.  130.  History,  Philosophy,  The- 
ology, Literature  and  Travel.  Catalogue  No.  131.  Books 
on  India,  Central  Asia,  The  Sudan,  etc.  Classified  cata- 
logues issued  regularly.  Let  us  register  your  name  for 
catalogues,  and  send  us  your  List  of  Wants.  We  carry  an 
immense  stock. 


The  Advertising  Representative  of  THE  DIAL 
in  England  is 

MR.  DAVID  H.  BOND 

407,  Bank  Chambers.  Chancery  Lane.  London.  W.  C. 

who  can  furnish  full  information  regarding  rates,  etc., 
and  through  whom  advertising  orders  may  be  sent. 


ROBERT  LOUIS  STEVENSON 

Books  from  His  Library,  FIRST  EDITIONS  of 
His  Wo  ks,  MANUSCRIPTS,   Autographs, 

Relics,  and  other  STEVENSONIANA. 
CATALOGUE  in  Preparation  — Sent  on  Request. 
C.  GERHARDT  &  CO. ,  120  East  59th  St. ,  New  York 


RARE  books  and  first  editions  collected 
and  arranged  for  people  who  are  too 
busy  to  attend  to  the  forming  of  libraries. 

Address  E.  V.,  Boston  Transcript 
BOSTON.  MASS. 


"SHORTTYPING' 

is  a  new  and  unique  system  of  abbieviated  writing  which 
can  be  written  either  with  a  pen  or  on  a  typewriter.  By  its 
assistance  an  hour's  typewriting  can  be  done  in  thirty 
minutes.  Invaluable  for  those  who  feel  the  need  of  saving 
time  in  writing,  but  who  lack  the  time  needed  to  master 
stenography. 

Price,  cloth  bound,  $1.25,  postpaid. 
"Descriptive  circular  free  on  requett. 

BLUE  STAR  PUBLISHING  CO. 

261  Broadway.  NEW  YORK 


Hinds  and  Noble.  31-33-35  West  15lh  St..  N.  Y.  City.    Write  for  Catalogue. 


316 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15 


THE  WRITER'S  BULLETIN 

A  JOURNAL  OF  INFORMATION  FOR 

LITERARY  WORKERS 

(Jives   Each  Month  an   Up-to-Date  List  of  Manu- 
script Markets.  INCLUDING  PHOTOPLAY 
Helps  You  Write.  Re-write  and  Sell 
15c  a  copy,  $1.50  a  year,  trial  3  months  40c 

32  UNION  SQUARE.  East         NEW  YORK  CITY 


AMERICANA 

Books  and  Pamphlets.     Recent  Catalogues:— No. 

83,  The  Far  West  States;  No.  84,  The  Southern 

States;    No.  85,  Abraham    Lincoln;  No.    86,  The 

Middle  States;  Sent  free  on  application. 

Daniel   H.   Newhall.   152   Nassau   St..    New   York 


Short -Story  Writing 

A  Course  of  forty  lessons  in  the  history,  form, 
structure,   and  writing   of   the   Short-Story 
taught  by  Dr.  J.  Berg  Esenwein,  Editor  of 
Lippincott's  Magazine. 

One  student  writes:  "I  know  that  you  will  be 
pleased  when  I  tell  you  that  I  have  just  received 
a  check  for  $125  from  'Everybody's'  for  a  hu- 
morous story.  They  ask  for  more.  I  am  feeling 
very  happy,  and  very  grateful  to  Dr.  Esenwein. 

Also  courses  in  Photoplay  Writing,  Versification 
and  Poetics,  Journalism.  In  all,  over  One  Hundred 
Dr    Esenwein      Courses,    under    professors   in   Harvard,    Brown, 

Cornell,  and  other  leading  colleges. 
3y>-Page  Catalog  Free.    Please  Address. 
THE  HOME  CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL 
Dept.  571.  Springfield.  Mass. 


Library  School  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library 


Entrance  examinations,  June  4, 
One  year  course  for  certificate. 
Two  year  course  for  diploma. 


SEND  TO 

M.  W.  PLUMMER,  Principal, 

476    Fifth  Avenue,  for  descriptive    circular 


ART  IN  AMERICA 

Vol.3  April  191 5  No.  3 

GOYA  AND  CERTAIN  GOYAS  IN  AMERICA 

By  Christian  Brinton 
VENETIAN  PAINTINGS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 

PART  TWO 
By  Bernhard  Berenson 
THE  BLAIR  COLLECTION,  CHICAGO 

PART  TWO 

By  Garrett  Chatfield  Pier 

THE  SAMPLERS  o/OUR  LOVELY  ANCESTRESSES 

By  Marcus  B.  Huish 
TURNER'S  "WINCHESTER  CROSS" 

By  W.  Roberts 

$5.00  a  year.   Foreign  post  6oc.    $i.ooacopy. 
1790  BROADWAY  NEW  YORK  CITY 


FVf       HOI    T   V  Authors'  and  Publishers' 
.    1V1.    n\JLiLi  I  Representative 

156  Fifth  Avenue.  New  York     (Eitablished  1905) 
RATES  AND  FULL   INFORMATION  WILL  BE  SENT  ON  REQUEST 


THE  NEW  YORK  BUREAU  OF  REVISION 

Thirty-fifth  Year.     LETTERS  OF  CRITICISM,  EXPERT 

REVISION  OF  MSS.     Advice  as  to  publication.     Address 

DR.  TITUS  M.  COAN,  424  W.  119th  St.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


CT  A  T1  ¥ C 1"* ¥ /""* C  ar|d  other  material 
s  9121,1191  lV*9  fpr   addresses,  re- 
ports, essays.    Literary  advice  and  criticism.    Revision  and 

correction  of  MSS.     Genealogical  research. 
BUREAU  OF  RESEARCH          New  Albany.  Ind. 


MANUSCRIPTS 

CRITICISED  REVISED  PLACED 

N.  SHEPPARD 
149  West  14th  Street  NEW  YORK  CITY 

If  you  want  results  send  stamp  for  circular 


American  Short  Stories  and  Plays  wanted  for  Italy. 
Russia.  France.  Austria  and  Scandinavia 

Expert    Criticism,  Translation   and    the  Placing  of   Manuscripts. 

Oldest  Established  Literary  Agency  in  Europe 

(Founded  in  1880 by  Paul  Hertzmann,  M.  A.,  Ph.  DJ 

Fees  (which  must  accompany  typed  manuscript  in  registered  letter) 

as  follows:    Two  dollars  for  Short  Story  under  3,000  words.     Five 

dollars  for  Story  under  10,000  words.     Ten  dollars  for  plays. 

THE  ITALIAN  LITERARY  AGENCY 
60  Piazza  di  Spatfna.  Rome.  Italy 

''''Experienced,  efficient."  Gabriele  D'Annunzio 


MSS.  SUCCESSFULLY  PLACED 

Criticised  Revised  Typed 

Send  for  Leaflet  D 
References:  Edwin  Markham  and  others.    Established  1890 

UNITED  LITERARY  PRESS 
123  Fifth  Avenue  NEW  YORK  CITY 


ROGER  S.  BOARDMAN 

BLOOMFIELD.  N.  J. 
Preparation  of  MANUSCRIPTS.   INDEXING 

Expert  proof-reading,  miscellaneous  literary  work.  University  educa- 
tion, 10  years'  experience  with  leading  printing-houses.  Foreign- 
language  and  text-book  work  a  specialty.  Highest  references. 


Index  to 
Kindergarten 


Including  singing 
games  and  folk 
songs.  By  Mar- 
gery  Quigley  of 
the  St.  Louis  Pub- 
lic  Library.  63 
books  indexed.  286p.  Cloth,  $1.50  postpaid. 

American  Library  Association 

78  E.  Washington  St.,  Chicago 

"A  valuable  addition  to  any  Kindergartner's 
library."— ELIZABETH  HARRISON,  President 
National  Kindergarten  College,  Chicago. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


317 


You  will  find  the  deeper  questions  of  the  present  war, 

especially  as  they  relate  to  that  war's  effect  on 

modern  civilization,  discussed  in  the 

WAR  ARTICLES 

IN 

THE  YALE  REVIEW 

The  New  American  Quarterly 

EDITED  BY  WILBUR  L.  CROSS 

Thus,  the  April  issue  (just  out)  contains 

"ENGLAND'S  EXPERIENCE  WITH  'THE  REAL 
THING,'"  a  stirring  paper  that  many  Americans  say  is 
"the  most  remarkable  article  on  the  war  yet  published  in 
America,"  by  L.  P.  Jacks,  the  distinguished  editor  of 


"The  Hibbert  Journal," 


and 


"IMPERIALISM  AND  THE  CHRISTIAN  IDEAL," 
a  brilliant  analogy  between  Caesar  and  Kaiser,  by  Benja- 
min W.  Bacon,  the  authority  on  Christian  History. 

And,  besides  these  fine  papers,  various  articles  of  per- 
manent value  in  current  American  economics,  literature, 
science,  and  public  questions. 

Special  $1  Introductory  Offer.    Mail  fhit  Coupon 

To  THE  YALE  REVIEW: 

Please  enter  my  trial  subscription  to  The  Tale  "Review  for  the 
enclosed  $1  bill  (sent  at  your  risk)  or  cheque,  for  which  send  me  the 
April  and  July  issues. 


Signed. 


City 

THE  YALE  REVIEW,  New  Haven,  Conn. 


GOETHE:  With  Special 
Reference  to  His  Philosophy 

By  PAUL  CARUS 
357  Pages;  185  Illustrations;  Cloth  $3.00  net 


GOETHE  IN  HIS  LAST  YEAR,  1832 

GOETHE  FROM  A  NEW  POINT  OF  VIEW 

A  sympathetic  study  of  the  constructive  element  in 
Goethe's  writings.  He  was  opposed  to  the  so-called  higher 
critics  of  Homer  as  well  as  of  the  New  Testament.  His 
worship  of  God  in  nature  was  the  background  of  all  his 
writings  and  human  relations. 

The  Open  Court  Publishing  Co. 

CHICAGO 


THE  FORUM 

THE  LEADING  AMERICAN  REVIEW  AND 
'-•<n<    •'       MAGAZINE  7":v-' 

The  FORUM  is  the  magazine  through  which  the  foremost  writers 
of  the  day  reach  the  thinking,  creating  people  of  the  world.  People 
who  believe  in  ideals,  but  not  in  ranting;  people  who  have  passed 
beyond  the  narrow  limits  of  provincialism  in  politics,  literature,  art 
and  the  knowledge  of  life. 

The  FORUM  is  essential  to  every  man  and  woman  who  is  inter- 
ested in  the  present,  its  dependence  on  the  past  and  its 
relation  to  the  future. 

The  price  is  25  cents  a  copy;  $2. 50  a  year. 
A  three  months'  trial  subscription  for  50  cents. 


MITCHELL  KENNERLEY 


Publisher,  NEW  YORK 


318 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15 


The  picturesque  France  of  the  Old  Regime 
lives  again  in  the  Historical  Writings  of 

James  Breck  Perkins 

"Mr.  Perkins's  enduring  title  to  a  place 
among  historians  will  rest  chiefly  upon  his 
sincere  love  of  truth,  his  diligence  in  seeking 
it,  his  sound  judgment  of  men  and  policies, 
his  lucid  style,  and  his  artistic  sense  of  fit- 
ness and  proportion." — American  Historical 
Reviezy. 

FRANCE  UNDER  MAZARIN 

With  a  Review  of  the  Administration  of 

Richelieu.     (2  vols.) 

FRANCE  UNDER  LOUIS  XV 

(2  vols.) 

FRANCE  UNDER  THE  REGENCY 

With  a  Review  of  the  Administration  of  Louis 

XIV 

FRANCE  IN  THE  AMERICAN 
REVOLUTION 

Each  $2.00  net.      The  set,  6  <vols.,  boxed,  $12.00. 


Houghton  Mifflin  Company 


4  Park  Street 
BOSTON 


16  E.  40th  Street 
NEW  YORK 


THE  FIRST 


of 

The  New  Republic 

Will  be  issued  April  17 

and  will  be  as  different  from  the  usual  review  as 
The  New  Republic  is  different  from  the  usual 
periodical. 

The  Supplement  will  open  with  an  editorial 
survey  of  the  more  fundamental  tendencies  of 
the  Spring  season.  Each  group  of  books — war, 
fiction,  economics — will  then  be  treated  gener- 
ally  by  a  competent  authority  with  individual  ref- 
erence to  the  more  vital  books  in  each  field.  Spe- 
ial  critiques  will  follow  on  such  distinguished 
contemporary  authors  as  Theodore  Dreiser, 
Joseph  Conrad,  Hugh  Walpole,  Arthur  Bullard, 
James  Stephens,  Frank  Harris.  Space  usually 
given  to  a  bewildering  maze  of  perfunctory  re- 
views will  be  devoted  to  a  classified  list  of  recom- 
mended books  and  special  articles  by  Francis 
Hackett,  Philip  Littell  and  Walter  Lippmann. 

Another  evidence  why  every  thinking  reader 
should  have  The  New  Republic. 

Subscribe  to-day — three  months''  introductory  offer  $i. 

The  New  Republic,  421  W.  2ist  St.,  New  York 

For  the  enclosed  $i  kindly  send  The  New  Republic  for  three 

months  to 

Name . 

Address   


THE  BROWNIE 
POSTER 


Printed  on  heavy  tan  paper,  with  Miss 

Dousman's  charming  verse  about  the 

Brownies  and  their  books. 

Hand  colored  in  appropriate  tints,  suit- 
able for  framing.    Size:   14x22  inches. 
Price:  Uncolored,  50  cents. 
Tinted,  75  cents. 

Also  made  into  an  attractive  book-mark,   at 
25  cents  a  hundred. 

LIBRARY  SUPPLIES  DEPARTMENT 

Democrat  Printing  Company 

Madison,  Wisconsin 


"AT  McCLURG'S" 

It  is  of  interest  and  importance 
to  Librarians  to  know  that  the 
books  reviewed  and  advertised 
in  this  magazine  can  be  pur- 
chased from  us  at  advantageous 
prices  by 

Public  Libraries,  Schools, 
Colleges  and  Universities 

In  addition  to  these  books  we 
have  an  exceptionally  large 
stock  of  the  books  of  all  pub- 
lishers—a more  complete  as- 
sortment than  can  be  found  on 
the  shelves  of  any  other  book- 
store in  the  entire  country.  We 
solicit  correspondence  from 
librarians  unacquainted  with 
our  facilities. 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 

A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.,  Chicago 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


319 


THE  EDITOR  (The  Fortnightly  Journal 
of  Information  for  Literary  Workers)  is  a 
trade  journal  for  writers,  now  in  the  21st 
year.  Every  other  Saturday  it  publishes  prac- 
tical, inspiring  articles  on  the  technique  and 
business  of  writing,  helpful  editorials,  and,  in  the 
departments,  "The  Experience  Exchange"  and 
"The  Literary  Market,"  news  of  prize  competi- 
tions, changes  of  editorial  policies,  new  maga- 
zines, film  manufacturers,  etc.  THE  EDITOR 
helps  writers  of  short  stories,  novels,  essays, 
poems,  special  articles,  vaudeville  material, 
photoplays,  jokes,  etc.,  to  sell  their  work  to 
advantage  to  periodicals,  publishers,  film  manu- 
facturers, play  producers,  and  postcard,  calendar 
and  almanac  manufacturers,  etc. 
Mary  Roberts  Rinehart  says:  "THE  EDITOR 
helped  to  start  me,  cheered  me  when  I  was  down 
and  led  me  in  the  straight  path  until  I  was  able 
to  walk  alone." 


Fortnightly,  one  year,  26  numbers, 
$2.00.  Single  copies  lOc  each.  To 
each  subscriber  for  two  years,  cost 
$4.00,  a  copy  of  "5,005  Places  to 
Sell  Manuscripts, ' '  the  only  complete 
and  accurate  directory  to  the  markets 
for  literary  material,  is  given  free. 
To  each  subscriber  for  three  years, 
cost  $6.00,  a  copy  of  "The  Writer's 
Book"  is  given  free. 
THE  EDITOR,  Box  509.  Bidfcwood,  New  Jersey 


You  Could  Not  Read 
10,000  Books  a  Year 

You  would  not  want  to  if  you  could,  but  you 
would  probably  like  to  know  which  of  them  were 
worth  reading. 

That  was  approximately  the  number  of  books 
published  last  year. 

We  read  them  all   and  sorted  out  the  best. 

We  will  do  the  same  this  year  —  that  is  the 
chief  business  of 

The  Book  News  Monthly 

and  besides  being  your  literary  critic,  we  intro- 
duce to  you,  in  an  intimate  manner,  the  authors 
of  to-day. 

We  tell  you  of  fascinating,  out-of-the-way 
places — the  sort  that  charm  the  traveler. 
We  give  serials  of  the  best  type  of  fiction — 
Twelve  authors'  portraits,  size  7  in.xlO  in. — 
Twelve  colored  frontispiece  pictures  worth 
framing. 

A  literary  guide,  and  a  magazine  of  entertain- 
ment and  instruction  for  $1.00  a  year,  10  cents 
a  copy. 

Sample  copy  on  request. 

THE  BOOK  NEWS  MONTHLY 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


WOULD  it  not  be  worth  two  dollars  to 
you  to  receive  one  hundred  and  sixty 
pictures  (most  of  them  full  page),  splendidly 
reproduced  from  the  etchings,  engravings, 
lithographs  and  drawings  of  the  Great 
Masters  of  the  past  and  present,  together 
with  full  descriptive  and  critical  text  by  the 
foremost  authorities  of  the  world  ? 

The  Print-Collector's 
Quarterly 

now  in  its  fifth  year,  affords  you  this  oppor- 
tunity. It  is,  moreover,  the  only  journal  in 
English  devoted  exclusively  to  prints. 

FITZROY  CARRINGTON,  Editor 

Published  for  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston 
Subscription  Price,  $2.00  a  Year 

A  Special  Offer:  A  year's  subscription  to  The  Print- 
Collector's  Quarterly  and  a  copy  of  "Prints  :  A 
Brief  Review  of  Their  Technique  and  History" 
by  Emil  H.  Richter  (list-price  $2.00),  both  for 
$3.00. 

HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  COMPANY 


4  PARK  STREET 


BOSTON,  MASS 


What  "Every  Column  Clean" 
Means  in 

Detroit  Saturday  Night 

IT  is  the  approved  standard  of  journalism 
that  maintains  the  same  supervision  over 
the  advertising  columns  as  is  maintained 
over  the  editorial  columns.  It  is  the  stand- 
ard which  makes  it  possible  for  the  publisher 
to  guarantee  every  representation  of  the 
advertiser.  Consequently  the  reader  of  such 
a  journal  has  a  degree  of  confidence  in  the 
advertising  columns  which  does  not  prevail 
in  the  publication  which  permits  the  adver- 
tiser to  mislead  and  defraud  its  readers. 
This  should  be  a  standard  invaluable  to  the 
book  publisher  and  the  book  advertiser. 
Detroit  Saturday  Night  has  the  confidence 
of  the  book  readers  of  Detroit  and  Michigan . 
Its  readers  will  buy  the  books  that  are  adver- 
tised in  this  publication's  columns  because 
they  have  confidence  in  Detroit  Saturday 
Night's  judgment  in  the  acceptance  of 
advertisements.  That  is  the  sort  of  publi- 
cation you  ought  to  make  your  announce- 
ments in,  Mr.  Publisher. 

DETROIT  SATURDAY  NIGHT 

Detroit 


320 


THE   DIAL 


[April  15,1915 


SELECTED  FROM  THE  SPRING  LIST  OF 

J.B.LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS  PHILADELPHIA 

FOR  SALE  AT  ALL  BOOKSTORES 


"The  most   wonderfully  Illustrated  book   on   Polar   explo- 
ration ever  published." — Boston  Transcript. 

Sir  DOUGLAS  MAWSON'S 

Own  Account  of  the  Australian  Antarctic  Expedition  1911-1914 

THE  HOME  of  the  BLIZZARD 

Two  Large  Octavo  Volumes  with  300  remarkable  photographs,  16  color  plates, 
drawings,  maps,  plans,  etc.,  $9.00  net 

Read  What  Others  Say  of  the  Story 

Philadelphia  Record:— "There  are  thrills  in  the  story  that  surpass  any  that 
fictionists  can  create,  and  it  is  a  tribute  to  strong  men  who  went  forth  to  meet  perils 
and  even  death  itself  that  the  world  might  know  something  of  the  long  unknown 
and  almost  forbidden  land. " 

London  Saturday  Review: — "One  of  the  world's  greatest  stories  of  adventure; 
there  is  not  a  moment's  doubt  about  this." 

Of  the  Work  Accomplished 
Boston  Transcript: — "  A  treasure  house  of  facts. " 

London  Athenaeum: — "  No  Polar  book  ever  written  has  surpassed  these  volumes 
either  in  sustained  interest  or  in  the  variety  of  the  subject-matter." 

Of  the  Illustrations 

A.  Radclyffe  Dugmore,  the  Noted  Camera  Naturalist,  says.— "It  would 
indeed  be  difficult  to  imagine  any  more  perfect.  I  have  never  seen  any  that  sur- 
pass them,  both  in  beauty  and  interest." 


By  an  "Eye-Witness" 

HOW  BELGIUM  SAVED  EUROPE 

By  Dr.  CHARLES  SAROLEA,  the  Eminent  Belgian  Scholar 

A  thrilling,  moving  chronicle,  as  intensely  interesting  as  the  greatest  fiction. 
An  epic  tale  of  Belgium's  heroic  defense  against  great  odds  by  one  who  was  there. 
It  explains  many  things  that  you  can  not  learn  from  newspaper  or  magazine  ac- 
counts. Dr.  Sarolea  is  unbiased,  and  presents  the  facts  in  a  new  light.  $1.00  net. 
James  L.  Ford,  in  the  New  York  Hera  Id.—"  The  literature  of  the  war  is  more 
remarkable  for  quantity  than  quality.  One  book,  however,  deserves  serious  atten- 
tion, and  that  is  'How  Belgium  Saved  Europe.'  .  .  .  It  is  a  long  time  since 
I  have  read  a  book  that  sets  forth  so  briefly  and  convincingly  the  story  of  the  part 
played  by  this  gallant  little  kingdom  as  the  saviour  of  Europe  —  if  not  of  our  own 
country." 

CHEMISTRY  OF  FAMILIAR  THINGS 

By  SAMUEL  SCHMUCKER  SADTLER.  S.B. 

23  Illustrations  and  6  figures  in  the  text.  Octavo.  $1.75  net. 
Philadelphia  Evening  Ledger: — "The  title  suggests  fascinating  subjects,  and 
the  reader  once  interested  is  unwilling  to  put  the  book  aside.  .  .  .  It  is  a 
compendium  of  useful  information.  ...  It  is  absorbing  and  interesting,  and 
a  book  which  should  be  found  on  every  library  shelf.  .  .  .  Thousands  of 
subjects  are  treated  in  an  attractive,  light,  readable  manner.' ' 

SPENCER  FULLERTON  BAIRD  A  Biography 

By  WILLIAM  HEALEY  DALL,  D.Sc. 

With  10  Illustrations.     Octavo.     Buckram,  gilt  top,  uncut.     $3.50  net. 
A  notable  biography  of  a  remarkable  man  associated  in  his  life-work  with  Pro- 
fessor Louis  Agassiz,  together  with  selections  from  his  correspondence  with  famous 
men  of  his  time. 

THE  OLD  EAST  INDIAMEN 

By  E.  K.EBLE  CHATTERTON,  Lieut.  R.N.V.R. 

33  Illustrations.     Octavo.     $3.50  net. 

Boston  Transcript.-— "Lieutenant  Chatterton  .  .  .  never  wrote  a  better 
story  than  this  true  tale  of  adventurous  men  who  went  forth  in  little  vessels  to  face 
dangers  of  many  kinds  on  land  and  sea.  ...  a  rare  and  valuable  addition  to 
the  bookshelves  of  those  who  value  highly  tales  of  the  sea,  of  adventure,  or  attrac- 
tive accounts  of  important  phases  of  the  history  of  the  world,  for  it  combines  all 
these  things." 

FAMOUS  DAYS  and  DEEDS  in  HOLLAND  and  BELGIUM 

By  Prof.  CHARLES  MORRIS 

16  Illustrations  from  famous  paintings.     Cloth.     $1.25  net. 
Striking  stories  drawn  from  Dutch  and  Belgian  history. 

A  DOG  OF  FLANDERS    By  OUIDA 

Illustrated  in  color  by  Maria  L.  Kirk.     Cloth.     50  cents  net. 
The  famous  tale  of  peasant  life  in  Flanders,  printed  in  uniform  style  with  Mrs. 
Lewis'  simplified  editions  of  George  Macdonald's  stories  for  children. 


NEW  FICTION 

They're  All  Talking  About 


By  (he  Author  of  "Belly's  Virginia  Christmas" 

THE  DIARY  OF  A  BEAUTY 

By  MOLLY  ELLIOTT  SEAWELL 

12  Illustrations  by  Frederick  Dorr  Steel. 

Cloth.     $1.25  net. 

"A  lively  story  of  social  adventure." 
— Phila.  North  American.  "A  piquant , 
pleasantly  written  tale  —  just  the  book 
to  while  away  tedious  hours." — 2V.  Y. 
Times. 

THE  ROSE-GARDEN 
HUSBAND 

By  MARGARET  WIDDEMER 

THIRD  PRINTING. 
Illustrated.     $1.00   net.     Postage  extra. 
Boston  Transcript: 

"The  beauty  and  the  strangeness 
that  go  to  make  romance  are  combined 
in  this  little  tale.  The  reader  . 
becomes  immediately  interested  in  the 
personality  of  the  gay  little  'Liberry 
Teacher'  who  realizes  that  no  one  wants 
to  hear  the  'cry-side.'  " 

MIRANDA 

By  GRACE  L.  H.  LUTZ 

Illustrated  in  color  and  black  and  while 

by  E.  L.  Henry,  N.A .  $1.25  net. 
Every  one  fell  in  love  with  Miranda 
when  she  first  appeared  in  Marcia 
Schuyler.  .  .  .  Her  naturalness 
and  irrepressible  spirit  made  all  of  us 
wish  that  she  might  sometime  have  her 
own  romance  —  and  here  it  is  —  bub- 
bling over  with  humor.  Miranda  falls 
jn  love  .  .  .  who  could  imagine 
it?  Yet  she  does,  and  leads  her  rivals 
a  spirited  chase,  enjoying  herself  im- 
mensely the  while. 

THE  WHITE  ALLEY 

By  CAROLYN  WELLS 

Frontispiece  in  color  by  Gayle  Hoskins. 

$1.25  net. 

The  reader  who  solves  the  mystery  of 
"The  White  Alley"  must  indeed  be  as 
clever  as  Fleming  Stone,  the  great 
American  detective,  who  plays  such  an 
important  part  in  discovering  the  crimi- 
nal and  in  furthering  the  tender  romance 
which  runs  through  this  best  of  Miss 
Wells's  detective  stories. 

THE  WOMAN  IN  THE  CAR 

By  RICHARD  MARSH, 

The  author  of  "The  Beetle" 

$1.35  net. 
Philadelphia  Press: 

"From  the  moment  Mr.  Marsh  turns 
on  his  high-voltage  current,  the  elec- 
trical thrills  in  this  attention-riveting 
detective  yarn  are  continuous." 

THE  DUSTY  ROAD 

By  THERESE  TYLER 

Frontispiece  by  H.  Weslon  Taylor.  $1.25 
Philadelphia  Press: 

"Pre-eminently  calculated  to  whet 
the  interest  and  provoke  a  storm  of  dis- 
cussion. That  it  has  already  achieved 
this  is  abundantly  demonstrated  by  the 
fact  that  it  has  promptly  become  a  best 
seller." 

THE  FINAL  VERDICT 

Six  Stories  of  Men  and  Women 
By  SIDNEY  L.  NYBURG 

$1.00  net. 
Baltimore  American: 

"Each  gripping  tale  refers  to  the 
verdict  of  the  law  court  and  justice  — 
how  often  do  they  coincide?  The  sto- 
ries are  clean  cut  and  decisive — they 
make  the  reader  think." 


THE   DIAL 

A  FORTNIGHTLY  JOURNAL  OF 

pterg  Criiidsm,  ^mnmon,  anfr  Information 


FOUNDED  BY 
FRANCIS   F.  BROWNE 


Volume  LV1II. 

No.  «».•(. 


CHICAGO,  APRIL  29,  1915. 


JO  eta.  a  copy . 
$2.  a  year. 


EDITED  BY 
WALDO  R.  BROWNE 


"Better  than  Queed 


ANGELA'S  BUSINESS 

By  Henry  Sydnor  Harrison 


New  York  Times — 

"  Mr.  Harrison  has  written  with 
serious  intent  a  novel  far-reaching  in  its 
issues  and  full  of  thought;  but,  to  the 
joy  of  his  readers,  he  can  no  more  help 
seeing  the  humorous  side  of  things  and 
writing  with  a  twinkle  in  his  eye  than 
he  can  help  breathing.  One  with 
Bernard  Shaw  as  to  the  pursuing 
female,  he  portrays  to  the  life  her 
engaging  wiles,  and  gives  mirth-pro- 
voking pictures  of  her  methods  of 
capture,  of  which  that  triumphal  car, 
the 'Fordette,' is  chief.  .  .  .  The 
strongest  and  most  satisfying  of  Mr. 
Harrison's  remarkable  trio  of  novels." 


New  York  Tribune — 

"It  is  a  delightful  book,  as  thor- 
oughly enjoyable  as  its  two  predecessors 
(' Queed'  and  'V.  V. 's  Eyes'),  as  full 
of  human  kindliness  as  they,  but  of  far 
deeper  understanding  of  the  prelude  to 
life.  .  .  .  The  best  of  the  three 
Mr.  Harrison  has  written  thus  far." 

New  York  Globe— 

"  The  first  feminist  novel  of  any 
importance  written  in  America.  . 

Aside  from  being  an  interesting  and 
sane  contribution  to  the  woman  ques- 
tion, it  is  a  delightful  love  story,  the 
kind  we  all  like." 

Boston  Herald — 

"The  most  genial  and  philosophic 
of  the  notable  trio  Mr.  Harrison  has 
produced." 


The  Outlook— 

"No  question  ever  presented  for 
solution  has  needed  the  sanity  and 
saving  grace  of  humor  more  than  the 
suffrage,  and  few  discussions  have  so 
generally  missed  it.  'Angela's  Busi- 
ness' barely  touches  suffrage,  but  what 
is  crudely  called  the  '  woman  question ' 
is  fundamentally  involved  in  the  story. 
'Angela's  Business'  is  a 
wholesome  story  for  those  men  who 
understand  neither  women  nor  the 
immense  extension  of  women's  activi- 
ties in  the  modern  world.  It  is  a  whole- 
some story  also  for  those  who  belong  to 
the  'lunatic  fringe  of  reform,'  the 
extreme  feminists  and  the  radical 
disciples  of  the  Newness.  .  .  .  It 
is  sane,  normal,  wholesome,  light  in 
manner  but  serious  in  temper,  lacking 
neither  wisdom,  wit  nor  humor.  It 
shows  a  great  advance  in  simplicity  and 
soundness  of  style  over  'V.  V.'s  Eyes. '  " 


Illustrated  by  F.  R.  Gruger     $1.35  net 


Love  in  Danger 

By  MRS.  HAVELOCK  ELLIS.  Three  short  plays  of 
unusual  literary  merit,  each  of  which  deals  with  a  problem 
of  married  life.  The  author  is  at  present  lecturing  in  this 
country.  7.5  cents  net. 

Chief  Contemporary  Dramatists 

Edited  by  THOMAS  H.  DICKINSON.  Twenty  complete 
plays  by  Wilde,  Pinero,  Jones,  Galsworthy,  Barker,  Yeats, 
Synge,  Gregory,  Fitch,  Moody,  Thomas,  MacKaye,  Haupt- 
mann,  Sudermann,  Brieux,  Hervieu,  Maeterlinck,  Bjornson, 
Strindberg  and  Tchekhov.  $2.75  net.  (Ready  May  22.) 

The  Breath  of  Life 

By  JOHN  BURROUGHS.  This  new  volume  presents 
Mr.  Burroughs'  ripest  thought  on  many  important  problems 
of  evolution  and  human  life.  No  one  can  read  the  book 
without  enlarging  his  view  of  life  and  quickening  his  interest 
in  the  world  in  which  we  live.  $1.15  net.  (Ready  May  22.) 

The  Nutrition  of  a  Household 

By  EDWIN  TENNEY  BREWSTER  and  LILIAN 
BREWSTER.  A  practical  little  book  which  will  prove  most 
helpful  to  the  housewife  who  wishes  to  provide  her  family 
with  the  most  nutritious  food  at  the  lowest  possible  cost. 
$1.00  net. 

Whither? 

This  eloquent  essay  answers  the  question  that  the  war 
has  inspired  so  many  thoughtful  men  and  women  to  ask  — 
whether  the  unexampled  progress  of  the  modern  world  is 
progress  in  the  right  direction.  7 5  cents  net.  (Ready  May  22.) 


THE  NEW  POETRY  SERIES 

This  series  is  planned  to  meet  the  demand  for  contem- 
porary verse  in  an  inexpensive  form.  The  volumes  now 
ready  are : 

Some  Imagist  Poets 

The  best  recent  work  of  Amy  Lowell,  Aldington,  Fletcher, 
D.  H.  Lawrence  and  others  of  the  little  group  of  poets  who 
have  gone  far  toward  revivifying  poetry  during  the  last  few 
years.  75  cents  net. 

Irradiations 
Sand  and  Spray 

By  JOHN  GOULD  FLETCHER.  One  of  the  most 
significant  and  satisfying  volumes  that  has  been  produced 
by  the  younger  school  of  poets.  75  cents  net. 


Japanese  Lyrics 


By  LAFCADIO  HEARN.  The  exquisite  lyrics  that  are 
scattered  through  the  pages  of  Hearn  are  here  gathered 
together  into  a  volume  of  striking  and  exotic  beauty.  75 


cents  net. 


The  Winnowing  Fan 


By  LAURENCE  BINYON.  Poems  on  the  Great  War 
written  with  a  high,  restrained  dignity  befitting  the  theme. 
The  author  is  well  known  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic  as  a 
poet  and  critic.  50  cents  net. 

Write  for  Circular  describing  the  series 


BOSTON 


HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  COMPANY    NEW  YORK 


322 


THE    DIAL 


[April  29 


Every  American  Library 

Should  Own  and  Every  American 

Should  Read 

GENERAL  CHARLES  KING'S 

Brilliant  and  Inspiring  Work 

THE  TRUE 
ULYSSES  S.  GRANT 

24  Illustrations.      Crown  Octavo 
Buckram,  $2.00  net.     Postage  extra 

"When  such  a  man  as  Ulysses  S.  Grant  is  in  ques- 
tion the  reader  has  much  joy  in  knowing  that  so 
clear-headed  a  soldier,  so  brilliant  a  narrator  as 
General  Charles  King  has  been  asked,  and  ...  is 
thrice  able  to  tell  us  what  he  knows  about  Grant  as 
a  boy,  a  man,  a  soldier  and  a  President.  General 
King  evinces  all  through  that  well-poised  judgment 
that  has  won  him  long  ago  so  high  a  place  among 
American  writers.  He  knows  that  his  personally 
devoted  public  expects  to  get  from  him  'the  truth,  the 
whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,'  and  he  has 
given  them  that  precisely." — Philadelphia  Record. 

This  Volume  it  one  of  the 

"True  Biographies  and  Histories  Series" 

Send  for  descriptive  circular 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS  PHILADELPHIA 


WOULD  it  not  be  worth  two  dollars  to 
you  to  receive  one  hundred  and  sixty 
pictures  (most  of  them  full  page),  splendidly 
reproduced  from  the  etchings,  engravings, 
lithographs  and  drawings  of  the  Great 
Masters  of  the  past  and  present,  together 
with  full  descriptive  and  critical  text  by  the 
foremost  authorities  of  the  world  ? 

The  Print-Collector's 
Quarterly 

now  in  its  fifth  year,  affords  you  this  oppor- 
tunity. It  is,  moreover,  the  only  journal  in 
English  devoted  exclusively  to  prints. 

FITZROY  CARRINGTON,  Editor 

Published  for  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston 
Subscription  Price,  $2.00  a  Year 

A  Special  Offer:  A  year's  subscription  to  The  Print- 
Collector's  Quarterly  and  a  copy  of  "Prints  :  A 
Brief  Review  of  Their  Technique  and  History" 
by  Emil  H.  Richter  (list-price  $2.00),  both  for 
$3.00. 

HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  COMPANY 

4  PARK  STREET  BOSTON,  MASS 


What  is  the  European 
War  doing  to  YO  U? 

How  will  it  affect 
YO  UR  country, 
YOUR  business, 
YO  UR  family, 
YOUR  future? 


For  the  Answer, 


HARPER'S 


WEEKLY 


is  publishing  a  series 
entitled 

The  WAR  and 
AMERICA 

by  a  number  of  the  country's 
foremost  citizens. 

PRESIDENT 
WILSON 

will  also  deliver  a  message  of  im- 
portance to  every  American,  in  an 
early  issue,  unless  unforeseen  cir- 
cumstances arise. 

SEND  THE  COUPON 

$1.30  worth  of  HARPER'S 
WEEKLY  for  $1.00 

HARPER'S  WEEKLY,  D429 

251  Fourth  Ave.,  N.  Y.  C.: 
For  this  coupon  and  the  enclosed  $1.00  you  may 
send  me  HARPER'S  WEEKLY  for  the  next 
three  months  (13  issues),  containing  articles  in 
the  series  about  the  War  and  America. 


Name 


Address 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


323 


The  Latest  Poetry  and  Drama 


PANAMA  and  Other  Poems 

By  STEPHEN  PHILLIPS,  author  of  "Paola  and 
Francesca,"  "Marpessa,"  etc.    Frontispiece  by 
Joseph  Pennell.    12mo.    Cloth.    $1.25  net. 
The  title  poem  is  an  appeal  to  America,   in- 
spired by  the  opening  of  the  Panama  Canal,  "the 
sublime  marriage,"  as  the  poet  puts  it,  "of  sea  to 
sea  and  tide  to  tide."    Following  this  are  other 
poems,  narrative  and  occasional. 

POEMS  OF  EMILE  VERHAEREN 

Translated  by  ALMA  STRETTELL.  With  a  Bio- 
graphical Introduction  by  the  Translator,  and  a 
Portrait  of  the  Author  specially  drawn  for  this 
edition  by  John  S.  Sargent,  R.A.  12mo. 
Coth.  $1.00  net. 

A  volume  of  translations  of  poems  by  Emile 
Verhaeren,  the  noted  Belgian  poet. 

THE  MAN  WHO  MARRIED 
A  DUMB  WIFE 

By  ANATOLE  FRANCE.  Translated  by  CURTIS 
HIDDEN  PAGE.  With  photographic  reproduc- 
tions of  the  Granville  Barker  Settings.  12mo. 
Cloth.  75  cents  net.  ' 

' '  'The  Dumb  Wife'  is  a  joy.  It  is  sophisticated 
modernism  of  the  most  tactful  and  imaginative 
kind." — Francis  Hackett,  in  The  New  Republic, 


JOHN  LANE  COMPANY 


THE  BROWNIE 
POSTER 


Printed  on  heavy  tan  paper,  with  Miss 

Dousman's  charming  verse  about  the 

Brownies  and  their  books. 

Hand  colored  in  appropriate  tints,  suit- 
able for  framing.    Size:  14x22  inches. 
Price:   Uncolored,  50  cents. 
Tinted,  75  cents. 

Also  made  into  an  attractive  book-mark,  at 
25  cents  a  hundred. 

LIBRARY  SUPPLIES  DEPARTMENT 

Democrat  Printing  Company 

Madison,  Wisconsin 


JUST 


ISSUED 


Taussig,  Frank  William.    SOME  ASPECTS 

OF  THE  TARIFF  QUESTION.  8vo. 
Cloth.  386  pages.  6  charts.  $8.00  net.  An 
acknowledged  authority  on  the  tariff  dis- 
cusses the  effects  of  protection  on  several 
representative  American  industries. 

Carver,  Thomas  Nixon.  ESSAYS  IN  SO- 
CIAL JUSTICE.  8r>o.  Cloth.  489  pages. 
$2.00  net.  An  attempt  to  define  the  prin- 
ciples of  human  conflict  and  social  justice 
from  the  viewpoint  of  economic  competi- 
tion. 

Kittredge,   George   Lyman.      CHAUCER 

AND  HIS  POETRY.  8vo.  Cloth.  230 
pages,  f  1.26  net.  Chaucer's  chief  poetical 
writings  are  studied  as  works  of  art  and 
interpretations  of  human  nature. 

Durand,   Edward  Dana.    THE  TRUST 

PROBLEM.  8vo.  Cloth.  145  pages.  Sl.OO 
net.  Contains  chapters  dealing  with  the 
need  of  regulation  and  the  advantages  of 
combination.  Also  includes  the  text  of 
recent  Federal  Acts. 

Complete  Catalogue  tent  free  upon  request. 


HARVARD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

23  University  Hall,  Cambridge,  Mass. 


The  picturesque  France  of  the  Old  Regime 
lives  again  in  the  Historical  Writings  of 

James  Breck  Perkins 

"Mr.  Perkins's  enduring  title  to  a  place 
among  historians  will  rest  chiefly  upon  his 
sincere  love  of  truth,  his  diligence  in  seeking 
it,  his  sound  judgment  of  men  and  policies, 
his  lucid  style,  and  his  artistic  sense  of  fit- 
ness and  proportion." — American  Historical 
Review. 

FRANCE  UNDER  MAZARIN 

With  a  Review  of  the  Administration  of 

Richelieu.     (2  vols.) 

FRANCE  UNDER  THE  REGENCY 

With  a  Review  of  the  Administration  of  Louis 

XIV 

FRANCE  UNDER  LOUIS  XV 

(2  vols.) 

FRANCE  IN  THE  AMERICAN 
REVOLUTION 

Each  $2.00  net.    The  set,  6  <vols.,  boxed,  $12.00  net. 

Houghton  Mifflin  Company 


4  Park  Street 
BOSTON 


16  E.  40th  Street 
NEW  YORK 


324 


THE    DIAL 


[  April  29,  1915 


BRUNEL'S    TOWER 


By    EDEN    PHILLPOTTS 


The  Boston  Transcript  says  of  "Brunei's  Tower:" 

"Through  alternations  of  every  aspect  of  life  the  story  of  BRUNEL'S   TOWER  pro- 
gresses.    It  touches  lightly  upon    love,    upon    the    pathos   of   old   age,    upon    the 
workman's  passion  for  his  work,  upon  the  artist's  worship  of   his   art,  upon 
an  infinite  variety  of  human  ways  and   moods,   and  it   is   filled    to   its 

depths   with  reflections  upon  life  that  arc  very  near  to   life   itself. 

The  Phila.     ^\^  ...  It  is  obvious  that  he  has  studied  his  characters  from  Ihe     /  The 

Press  says:  \.     life,  that    he   has  watched    them    narrowly,  that    he    has     /    Outlook  says: 

"Of  exceptional  in-     \^  searched    their    souls,   and    that   he   shows   us   their 
terest,    both    for   its     N.  innermost  selves    as  well   as  their   physical  be- 
racy  character  drawing  \  inS"         •    -.    It   is   Mr.    Phillpotts   at    his 

characteristic  best." 


and  its  ingenious  web  of 
incident.  .  .  .  Here  is  the  old 
intimate  style  vividly  illumi- 
nating with  humor  and  human- 
ity, the  ordinary  affairs  of  daily 
life.  The  folk  whose  lives  are 
mirrored  in  its  pages  have  the 
vitality  and  reality  which  dis- 
tinguish the  work  of  Mr.  Phill- 
potts at  his  best.  .  .  .  Told 
easily  and  naturally,  yet  with 
genuine  art." 


The  New  York  Herald  says: 

"  Mr.  Phillpotts's  new  novel 
is  both  readable  and  instruc- 
tive. ...     An   interesting 
work  with  a  vast  amount 
of     information. 
BRUNEL'S 
TOWER 
is    genuinely 
pleasing." 


Brunei's  Tower 

is  magnificently  written,  .  .  . 
The  daily  bread  of  life  is  in  this 
book.  . .  .  Absorbingly  interest- 
ing, and  holds  that  element 
of  surprise  which  is  never  lack- 
ing  in  the  work  of  the  true  story 
teller.  It  is  a  book  for  which  to 
be  frankly  grateful,  for  it  holds 
matter  for  many  hours'  enjoy- 
ment."—NEW  YORK  TIMES. 


Mr.    Phillpotts 
has     written     no 
story  of  finer  fiber  than 
BRUNEL'S   TOWER." 


The  New   York  Globe  says: 

"  In  the  prime  of  his  life, 
Eden  Phillpotts  is  doing  the 
best  work  of  his  career.  .  .  . 
Mr.  Phillpotts  has  written 
more  thrilling  stories  than 
BRUNEL'S  TOWER,  but 
none  more  artistic,  appealing, 
and  true.  .  .  .  Decidedly  a 
novel  worth  reading." 


Philadelphia 
North- American  says: 

'A   novel   that    is  varied    in 

The  New  Republic  says:  \     incident     and    color,    and 

"Are  you  by  any  chance  looking  for  a  text  \  has.  ^  brightness  and 
from  which  to  preach  your  favorite  discourse  upon  \    Vltallty    of    a  refleo 
the  modern  novel  as  a  work  of  art  ?     ...  You   need   \     t'on    °  f     actual 
look  no  further  than  BRUNEL'S  TOWER,  to  which  Mr.  \     life. 


Phillpotts's  controlling  imagination  has  given  the  one  tone,  the 
one  color  he  wanted  it  to  have.  .  .  .      BRUNEL'S  TOWER  is  a 
record  of  fine  pleasure  in  fine  things,  a  novel  quite  admirable  in  com- 
position, and  written  with  distinction  and  charm." 

The  Springfield  Republican  says: 

'One  of  those  more  serious  studies  of  character  at  which  Phillpotts  is  in  reality  one. of  tlfe 
masters  of  the  time  though  his  work,  certainly  in  this  country,  is  too  little  appreciated.  .  . 
BRUNEL'S  TOWER  must  be  placed  among  the  better  of  the  many  novels  he  has  written." 


•OTHER    WORKS    BY   EDEN    PHILLPOTTS- 


Faith  Tresilion. 

'A  talc  picturesque  in  its  scenes  and  rich  in  its  character.  ' 

Boston  Transcript.     $1.35 


The  Three  Brothers. 

"If  Shakespeare  had  written  novels,  some  of  his  pages  would 
have  been  like  some  of  these." — New  York  Sun.  $1.50 


Knock  at  a  Venture. 

Sketches  of  the  rustic  life  of  Devon,  rich  in  racy,  quaint  and 
humorous  touches.  $1.50 


The  Portreeve. 

"The  characters,  even  to  the  least  important,  have  the  breath 
of  life  in  them."—  The  Providence  Journal.  $1.50 


Published  at 
64-66  5th  Ave.,  N.  Y. 

THE 

MACMILLAN  COMPANY 

On  Sale  Wherever 
Books  Are  Sold 

THE  DIAL 

jfortmsfjtlp  journal  of  Hiterarp  Criticism,  Btecuggfon,  anb  information. 


Entered  as  Second-Class  Matter  October  8,  1892,  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  under  Act  of  March  3,  1879. 

Vol.  LVIII.         APRIL  29,  1915  No.  698 

CONTENTS.  PAGE 

A  COMMODITY  OF  GOOD  NAMES     ....  325 

CASUAL  COMMENT 327 

One  who  lived  the  life  of  a  poet. —  The  fount 
of  fictive  tears. —  Germany's  appreciation  of 
Shakespeare. — The  reading  of  school  children. 

—  The  improbabilities  and  impossibilities  of 
fiction. —  One  year's  work  of  our  largest  pub- 
lic library. —  A  printer  with  the  spirit  of  an 
artist. —  Greedy  readers. — •  A  Washington  Ir- 
ving anecdote. —  Whetting  the  reader's  appe- 
tite.—  From  gown  to  khaki. 

COMMUNICATIONS 331 

A    Correction  —  and    Some    Other    Matters. 

Louis  C.  Marolf. 
Literary  Reciprocity  with  the  Latin  Americas. 

C.  L.  M. 
A   Quotation   from    Sophocles   in   Meredith's 

Letters.    Wm.  Chislett,  Jr. 
Jefferson's  Architectural  Work.     Fiske  Kim- 
tall. 
OUE    PAINTER    OF    THE    SEA    AND    THE 

SHORE.    Edward  E.  Hale 333 

ELIZABETHAN  TRAGIC  TECHNIQUE.     Gar- 
land Greever 335 

AMERICAN     EXPANSION     IN     THE     FAR 

WEST.     William  E.  Dodd    ......  336 

AMERICA  AND  THE  GREAT  WAR.    Frederic 

Austin  Ogg 337 

Roosevelt's  America  and  the  World  War. — 
Greene's  The  Present  Military  Situation  in  the 
United  States. —  Wheeler's  Are  We  Ready? 

—  Usher's     Pan- Americanism. —  Beck's     The 
Evidence  in  the  Case. — Whitridge's  One  Amer- 
ican's Opinion  of  the  European  War. —  Can 
Germany   Win?  —  Miinsterberg's   The   Peace 
and  America. —  Baldwin's  The  World  War. 

:SOME   VARIED   CONTRIBUTIONS   TO  PSY- 
CHOLOGY.   Joseph  Jastrow 340 

Shand's    The    Foundations    of    Character. — 

—  Watson's  Behavior. —  Freud's  Psychopath- 
ology  of  Everyday  Life. —  Goddard's  Feeble- 
mindedness.—  Goddard's  School  Training  of 
Defective  Children. —  Wallin's  Mental  Health 
-of  the  School  Child. —  Mrs.  Burr's  Religious 
Confessions  and  Confessants. —  Wallas's  The 
Great  Society. —  Miinsterberg's  Psychology. — 
Ogden's  Introduction  to  General  Psychology. 

RECENT  FICTION.     William  Morton  Payne     .  344 

NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS 346 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 347 

Explorations  in  the  ruins  of  Babylon. —  A 
successful  American  opera. —  A  posthumous 
volume  by  Sister  Nivedita. —  Modern  fiction 
in  Latin  dress. —  A  plea  for  Belgium  by  an 
eyewitness. —  An  Englishman's  adventures  on 
land  and  sea. —  Life  in  America  a  century  ago. 

—  Our  picturesque  Western  gateway. 

NOTES 350 

TOPICS  IN  MAY  PERIODICALS     .....  351 
LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS     .........  352 


A  COMMODITY  OF  GOOD  NAMES. 


Language  is  all  names.  Nouns,  of  course, 
are  the  names  of  persons  or  things ;  adjectives 
and  adverbs  are  the  names  of  qualities ;  verbs 
the  names  of  actions.  If  you  say  "  John  ran  a 
mile  briskly  "  you  are  simply  naming  first  the 
person,  second  the  kind  of  action  he  indulged 
in,  third  the  division  of  space  he  covered,  and 
fourth  the  way  in  which  he  did  it.  Pronouns 
are  simply  signs  substituted  for  names  to  obvi- 
ate their  repetition.  Thus  we  say:  "John 
went  to  his  house  "  instead  of  "  John  went  to 
John's  house."  The  articles,  conjunctions,  and 
prepositions  are  more  abstract,  but  they  are 
merely  a  thin  cement  to  hold  together  the 
name-bricks  of  language. 

To  name  is  the  poet's  trade ;  but  collective 
humanity  has  been  at  work  at  it  from  the  be- 
ginning, naming  and  re-naming,  forming  airy 
symbols  for  the  realities  of  the  world.  All  the 
languages  and  dialects  are  its  attempts  at 
piecing  together  images  so  they  can  be  passed 
from  mind  to  mind.  And  the  vast  web  so 
fabricated  is  ready  to  the  hand  of  the  still 
more  definitely  purposed  poet  or  prose  writer 
to  cut  up  into  garments  for  the  creations  of  his 
imagination.  Language  is  the  exercise  of  the 
world  before  it  becomes  the  skill  of  one  or  a 
score  or  a  hundred ;  just  as  myriads  of  minute 
insects  contribute  to  the  building  of  a  coral 
reef  before  palms  and  cocoanut  trees  can  wave 
their  fronds  above  the  sea. 

As  far  as  permanency  is  concerned,  the 
anonymous  haphazard  naming  of  the  multi- 
tude may  outlast  most  of  the  labored  work  of 
the  poet.  It  does  not  write  on  paper  or  parch- 
ment, but  on  the  face  of  the  earth  —  on  places, 
houses,  waters,  woods.  A  good  percentage  of 
territorial  names  must  have  been  originally 
the  work  of  fancy;  they  were  appellations 
which  had  a  meaning  of  honor,  irony,  con- 
tempt. In  a  desert  island  story,  when  the  ship- 
wrecked people  have  mapped  out  their  domain, 
they  proceed  to  give  names  to  the  various 
places,  such  as  Cape  Fear,  Bay  of  Good  Hope, 
Snug  Harbor,  and  so  forth.  This  has  probably 
been  the  method  of  the  world  in  general.  The 
nomenclature  reflects  the  mood  of  the  discov- 
erers, as  in  Bret  Harte's  country  with  its  Dead 


326 


THE   DIAL 


[  April  29 


Man's  Gulch  and  Roaring  Camp  and  the  like. 
In  earlier  days  the  territorial  appellations  be- 
came the  names  of  the  persons  who  dwelt  in 
such  places ;  so  people  were  called  Ford,  Field, 
Wood,  and  innumerable  other  name  words.  In 
fact,  though  that  collective  poet,  the  world,  is 
continually  at  work  at  language  or  naming,  its 
efforts  in  personal  nomenclature  display  a  cer- 
tain poverty  of  invention.  There  are  said  to 
be  only  three  names  to-day  in  Wales,  which 
we  suppose  are  Jones,  Lloyd,  and  Llewellyn. 
China  has  proportionally  even  fewer  sur- 
names ;  and  most  modern  races  betray  the  same 
narrowing  of  this  kind  of  nomenclature,  as 
though  humanity  had  grown  weary  of  mark- 
ing out  its  innumerable  children. 

One  of  the  ways  in  which  humanity  has  par- 
ticularly exercised  its  naming  faculty  is  in  the 
designations  given  to  homes,  and  more  espe- 
cially inns.  The  inn  names  throughout  En- 
gland are  a  delight  to  the  student  of  the 
grotesque,  the  bizarre,  the  unexpected.  A  list 
ought  to  be  compiled  of  them  as  a  work  of 
national  humor.  Excluding  the  various 
"Arms"  and  "King's  Heads"  and  "Saracen 
Heads,"  there  are  a  multitude  of  inn  signs 
ranging  from  the  quaint  to  the  inexplicably 
queer.  Pretty  nearly  all  the  animals,  existent 
or  imaginary,  have  lent  their  names  and 
painted  semblances  to  these  signs.  There  is  — 
or  was— "  The  Mermaid,"  "  The  Griffin,"  "  The 
Elephant,"  "  The  White  Hart,"  "  The  Boar's 
Head,"  "The  Three  Cranes  in  the  Vintry." 
There  are  a  great  many  trios, —  "  The  Three 
Angels,"  "The  Three  Tuns,"  "The  Three 
Nuns,"  "The  Three  Cups,"  and  so  forth. 
"  The  Goose  and  the  Gridiron  "  is  understand- 
able; and  "The  Bull  and  the  Gate"  is  sup- 
posed to  be  a  corruption  of  Boulogne  Gate. 
But  what  does  "  The  Salutation  and  the  Cat " 
mean,  or  the  "The  Cock  and  the  Bottle"? 
Our  American  inns  have  rarely  such  pictur- 
esque names  as  the  English,  though  we  know 
of  one  in  Jersey  called  "  The  Blazing  Rag." 

Speaking  of  the  supposed  monotony  of  no- 
menclature in  Wales  to-day,  we  are  reminded 
of  Matthew  Arnold's  remarks  about  the  lofty 
and  penetrating  beauty  of  the  ancient  Welsh 
and  Cornish  names, —  Tintagel,  Caernarvon, 
and  others.  We  used  to  think  that  there  was 
something  of  this  "large  utterance"  in  the 
American  Indian  names;  Pocahontas,  Pow- 
hatan,  Manhattan,  Mohawk,  Pawnee,  have  a 
high  order  of  style  about  them.  But  too  many 
Indian  names  are  composed  of  grunts  and  gut- 


turals. There  is  a  place  in  Pennsylvania  called 
Wapwallopen ;  translated,  this  means  War- 
rior's Rest,  which  is  pretty  enough.  Then  there 
are  Mauch  Chunk,  Manuka  Chunk,  Tamenend, 
Wissahickon  —  none  of  which  would  seem  to 
be  conceived  in  the  style  of  great  poetry. 

It  is  a  sign  of  genius  when  a  writer  is  as 
much  concerned  in  the  selection  of  his  names 
as  in  the  ordering  of  other  words.  Just  what 
makes  the  names  appropriate  or  beautiful 
would  be  difficult  to  say.  Euphony  counts  for 
much,  association  for  much.  But  after  all,  it 
is  more  or  less  of  a  mystery  why  Pembroke 
should  be  a  beautiful  name  and  Hodgins  an 
ugly  one;  why  Beatrice  should  be  noble  and 
graceful,  and  Sophronisba  a  trifle  ridiculous. 
The  taste  of  the  best  judges  decides,  and  the 
world  comes  around  to  their  opinion.  There 
are  three  great  divisions  of  names  in  fiction, 
and  the  appropriate  and  beautiful  form  the 
first.  These,  perhaps,  give  a  writer  the  least 
trouble.  He  has  simply  to  select  from  the 
large  stock  which  use  has  approved.  How 
much  of  the  effect  of  Horace's  Odes  is  due  to 
the  lovely  Greek  and  Latin  female  names 
which  they  enshrine!  We  must  brighten  up 
our  page  with  some  of  them, —  Lydia,  Lalage, 
Myrtale,  Phryne,  Glycera,  Terentia,  Cynara, 
Chloe,  Pyrrha,  Leuconoe,  Tyndaris,  Barine, 
Asteria.  Such  names  have  the  perfection  of 
the  classic  world.  They  sound  like  fountains 
rippling  over  marble;  they  gleam  like  moon- 
light in  old  gardens.  The  names  of  Shake- 
speare's girls  are  far  more  richly  colored,  are 
wilder,  more  full  of  romance.  Rosalind,  Juliet, 
Viola,  Miranda,  Perdita,  Portia,  Beatrice, 
Imogen, —  these  are  double  roses  compared 
with  the  Latin  poet's  simpler  flowers.  Shake- 
speare was  equally  fortunate  in  his  men's 
names.  In  his  historic  plays  he  came  into  the 
inheritance  of  the  Norman-English  nomencla- 
ture, than  which  there  has  never  been  anything 
more  impressive.  In  his  other  plays  an  almost 
infallible  taste  guided  him  in  his  selection  of 
names.  Sometimes,  indeed,  we  think  he  picked 
out  stories  for  the  sake  of  the  names.  His  first 
child,  born  before  he  left  Stratford,  was  named 
Hamnet.  Was  he  already  brooding  over  the 
Danish  Prince,  or  did  he  choose  that  subject 
because  of  his  son?  Scott,  also,  came  into  a 
commodity  of  good  names:  Waverley  (who 
almost  gave  his  name  to  an  epoch),  Redgaunt- 
let,  Montrose,  Douglas,  Marmion.  Surely 
names  were  more  splendid  in  those  old  days 
!  than  now, —  they  were  like  banners  flung  upon 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


327 


the  air.  The  old  lady  who  thrilled  at  the 
sound  of  the  blessed  name  Mesopotamia  was 
certainly  not  alone  in  her  love  for  lofty  appel- 
lations. And  when  names  are  concatenated  in 
poetry,  as  they  are  in  passages  of  Milton,  Mar- 
lowe, Scott,  they  can  move  most  readers  still 
by  their  inspiring  harmony.  To  the  English 
lyric  poets,  names  are  almost  the  captain  jew- 
els in  their  carcanets  of  words.  Lovelace, 
Burns,  Shelley,  Tennyson,  all  lift  up  single 
names  until  they  glow  like  stars.  Lander's 
immortality  is  perhaps  best  assured  by  the 
eight  lines  which  exhale  the  fragrance  of  that 
perfect  name,  Rose  Aylmer. 

The  second  division  of  fiction  names  is  that 
of  the  perfectly  characteristic;  and  here  the 
writer  has  to  labor  terribly.  We  are  told  how 
Balzac  used  to  ride  around  Paris  studying  the 
shop  signs,  in  search  of  a  name  for  some  char- 
acter he  had  in  mind.  Dickens  turned  and 
twisted  his  names,  until  by  some  subtle  instinct 
he  recognized  that  he  had  the  right  one.  When 
this  did  arrive  it  was  a  stroke  of  genius;  it 
was  half  the  battle.  It  was  like  adding  the 
necessary  chemical  to  a  solution, —  the  char- 
acter was  the  precipitate.  Would  it  be  possi- 
ble to  imagine  Sairey  Gamp,  Dick  Swiveller, 
the  Wellers,  Micawber,  or  Pecksniff  under 
other  names?  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  read 
the  novels  to  have  some  idea  of  these  person- 
ages. At  their  very  best,  such  names  become 
proverbial.  Don  Quixote's  name  has  been 
made  into  a  noun  and  an  adjective.  Shandy- 
ism  is  the  label  of  a  certain  quality  of  humor. 
The  Pickwickian  sense  excuses  everything. 
Here,  again,  the  reason  for  the  fitness  of  the 
cognomen  is  a  mystery.  Why  should  Quilp  be 
the  pre-ordained  name  for  Dickens's  funniest 
fiend?  Why  should  "My  Uncle  Toby"  ex- 
press so  much  of  simplicity  and  good  nature? 

The  third  species  of  names  in  fiction  are 
those  exploited  in  the  "comedy  of  humor." 
Compared  with  the  perfectly  characteristic 
ones,  they  are  like  a  ready-made  suit  of  clothes 
beside  one  made  to  order.  They  are  created 
by  simply  labelling  your  personage  with  the 
name  of  a  certain  quality.  He  is  introduced  as 
the  embodiment  of  an  abstract  idea.  It  is  an 
easy  way  to  give  a  character  a  start  in  life; 
and  if  he  or  she  wakes  up  and  becomes  a  real 
human  being,  there  is  no  great  harm  in  it.  The 
great  successes  in  the  characteristic  nomencla- 
ture are  comparatively  few ;  in  the  nomencla- 
ture of  humor,  they  are  many.  For  they  not 
only  pervade  the  old  comedy  from  Ben  Jonson 


down  to  Sheridan,  but  Shakespeare,  the  great 
essayists,  and  the  novelists  are  full  of  them. 
In  Shakespeare,  side  by  side  with  such  char- 
acteristic cognomens  as  Falstaff,  Caliban,  Mrs. 
Quickly,  we  have  Pistol,  Sir  Toby  Belch,  Shal- 
low, and  Slender.  A  vast  number  of  the  people 
in  Scott,  Dickens,  and  the  lesser  novelists  have 
artificial  names  of  this  kind. 

It  may  be  objected  that  we  are  making  a 
great  deal  out  of  nothings, —  that  names  are 
mere  airy  breath  and  have  no  reality  or  fitness 
or  prophecy  in  them.  The  Neo-Platonists 
made  the  Logos,  the  word,  the  beginning  of 
everything.  The  hero  of  Poe's  story,  "  The 
Power  of  Words,"  breathes  a  new  star  into 
words  simply  by  naming  it.  We  think  there 
is  hardly  any  reform  which  would  work  more 
good  in  the  world  than  one  by  which  the  whole 
race  would  gradually  come  to  possess  appropri- 
ately beautiful  or  majestic  names.  However, 
there  is  always  a  danger  that  the  christening 
may  come  to  naught.  Miss  Mitford  tells  a 
story  of  a  couple  named  Rose.  They  had  a 
daughter  whom  they  thought  it  would  be  poeti- 
cal to  name  Wild.  This  did  very  well  until 
she  grew  up  and  married  a  man  named  Bull. 

CHARLES  LEONARD  MOORE. 


CASUAL  COMMENT. 

ONE  WHO  LIVED  THE  LIFE  OP  A  POET,  faithful 

in  thought  and  word  and  deed  to  a  poet's 
ideals,  has  lately  passed  from  among  us  with 
little  public  demonstration  of  grief  at  his  go- 
ing. Those  who  have  read  Mrs.  John  Albee's 
"Mountain  Playmates"  will  retain  pleasant 
memories  of  the  poet  and  nature-lover  whose 
name,  with  that  of  his  wife,  has  made  Pequa- 
ket,  in  the  New  Hampshire  hills,  a  place  of 
peculiar  interest  and  charm  on  the  map  of 
New  England ;  for  here  has  been  the  Albees' 
summer  home,  as  also  at  times  their  winter 
home,  and  here  both  books  and  Abnakee  rugs 
have  been  called  into  being  in  a  memorable 
manner,  concerning  which  there  will  be  found 
some  notable  chapters  in  "  The  Gleam,"  from 
Mrs.  Albee's  pen.  Mr.  Albee's  books  include 
"Literary  Art,"  "Poems,"  "Newcastle,  His- 
toric and  Picturesque,"  "  Prose  Idylls,"  "  Re- 
membrances of  Emerson,"  "Lake  Chocorua,"" 
"Confessions  of  Boyhood,"  and  a  life  of 
Henry  Dexter,  the  sculptor.  He  was  born  at 
Bellingham,  Mass.,  April  3,  1833,  was  edu- 
cated at  Phillips  Academy,  Andover,  and  the 
Harvard  Divinity  School,  and  preached  for  a 
short  time  —  long  enough  to  discover  that  he 
had  greater  aptitude  for  poetry  than  for  pul- 


328 


THE    DIAL 


i.  April  29 


pit-pounding  —  after  which  he  lived  for  many 
years  at  Newcastle,  an  island  settlement  off 
the  coast  of  New  Hampshire  near  Portsmouth ; 
and  it  is  this  little  place  that  he  has  celebrated 
in  one  of  the  most  attractive  of  town  histories, 
a  work  which  his  friend  Mr.  Sanborn,  of  Con- 
cord, speaks  of  as  "more  resembling  Hesiod's 
recollections  of  Ascra  than  Felt's  'Annals  of 
Salem.' "  His  debt  to  Emerson,  a  kindred 
soul  who  like  himself  had  found  the  pulpit 
untenable,  may  be  partly  learned  from  the 
fifth  book  in  the  foregoing  list.  The  poet's 
later  years  were  years  of  painful  illness,  cheer- 
fully borne,  of  enforced  seclusion,  submitted 
to  with  contentment,  though  the  recluse  en- 
joyed society  and  was  fitted  to  be  its  orna- 
ment, of  failure  to  reap  any  adequate  fruits 
from  his  literary  industry,  but  of  no  depar- 
ture, through  it  all,  from  the  modest  dignity 
of  bearing  becoming  one  who  was,  in  the  best 
sense  of  that  term,  the  captain  of  his  soul. 

•        •        • 

THE  FOUNT  OF  FICTIVE  TEARS,  in  which  the 
sane  and  sensible  Katie  Willows  was  not  wont 
to  dabble,  has  nevertheless  a  certain  unde- 
niable charm  for  many  other  equally  normal 
and  healthy  representatives  of  young  girl- 
hood. Juvenile  readers  take  their  fiction  in 
tremendous  earnest,  and  rather  resent  than 
enjoy  any  appeal  to  their  still  undeveloped 
sense  of  humor.  Those  who  have  had  expe- 
rience in  reading  or  telling  stories  to  children 
will  appreciate  an  article  in  the  current 
"  Library  Journal "  on  "  The  Foreign  Child 
and  the  Book,"  by  Miss  Aniela  Poray,  who 
evidently  knows  whereof  she  writes.  "Both 
boys  and  girls,"  she  has  observed,  "  care  very 
little  for  humor  in  their  reading,  for  it  hardly 
comes  in  their  scheme  of  life.  A  common 
request  from  girls  is  for  weepy  stories.  They 
like  '  Sara  Crewe '  for  many  reasons,  but  the 
fact  that  it  is  sad  and  pathetic  is  the  greatest 
attraction.  When  books  of  appealing  human 
sympathies  can  be  found  which  combine  also 
literary  merit,  all  is  well ;  but  when  this  crav- 
ing for  weepiness  seeks  satisfaction  in  such 
lollipop  books  as  those  of  Nina  Rhoades,  the 
librarian  has  a  hard  task  before  her.  It  is  not 
easy  to  persuade  and  convince  the  little  girl 
that  not  having  Nina  Rhoades  there  may  be 
something  else  that  she  would  like  as  well. 
With  apologies  to  Dickens,  I  found  him  an 
excellent  alternate  for  Nina  Rhoades  and  oth- 
ers of  her  kind.  The  stories  of  little  Paul 
Dombey,  David  Copperfield,  Oliver  Twist,  and 
Little  Nell  are  pathetic,  and  the  strange  En- 
glish setting  is  forgotten  in  the  meeting  of  a 
familiar  type."  With  both  boys  and  girls  of 
foreign  extraction  this  authority  has  found 
Lincoln  to  be  a  prime  favorite  in  biography. 


"  They  have  reverence  akin  to  awe  for  Wash- 
ington, they  admire  the  military  prowess  of 
Dewey  or  Grant,  but  Lincoln  they  love." 
There  is  certainly  no  morbid  craving  for  the 
lachrymose  in  the  small  boy's  eagerness  for  a 
new  book  about  Lincoln,  which  when  he  has 
found  and  read  with  approval  he  recommends 
to  the  other  boys  with  a  "  Gee,  it's  great!  " 

•  •    • 

GERMANY'S  APPRECIATION  OF  SHAKESPEARE 
seems  not  to  have  suffered  very  much  from  her 
present  rupture  with  Shakespeare's  country. 
When  the  "Tageblatt"  of  Berlin  not  long  ago 
solicited  the  opinion  of  German  scholars  and 
men  of  letters  as  to  what  books  were  best 
adapted  to  current  tastes  and  needs,  the  au- 
thor to  receive  the  most  votes  was  found  to  be 
Shakespeare.  His  "Henry  V."  led  the  list, 
and  it  is  worth  noting  that  it  was  immediately 
followed  by  three  other  English  works, —  Sir 
Sidney  Lee's  "Life  of  Edward  VII.,"  Seeley's 
account  of  "The  Expansion  of  England," 
and  McCarthy 's ' '  History  of  Our  Own  Times. ' ' 
German  interest,  naturally  a  somewhat  ma- 
levolent interest  just  now,  in  the  three  last- 
named  works  is  not  hard  to  understand ;  but  in 
German  admiration  for  the  spirited  historical 
drama  mentioned  above  one  sees  something 
very  different.  In  the  Bishop  of  Ely's  ex- 
hortation to  the  young  monarch  beginning, 

"  Awake  remembrance  of  these  valiant  dead 
And  with  your  puissant  arm  renew  their  feats : 
You  are  their  heir ;  you  sit  upon  their  throne/' 

it  is  not  difficult  to  shift  the  scene  and  imagine 
the  apostrophe  addressed  to  the  heir  of  the 
Great  Elector,  of  Frederick  II.,  and  of  Will- 
iam I.,  especially  as  the  purpose  of  the  appeal 
is  to  arouse  the  king  to  war  against  France. 
As  was  declared  by  Professor  Brandl  of  the 
University  of  Berlin,  this  play  is  an  inspir- 
iting thing  to  read  when  there  comes  the  call 
to  arms.  He  is  further  reported  as  saying: 
"All  that  Shakespeare  says  of  his  Henry  is 
applicable  to  our  Kaiser,  and  the  aggressive 
humor  with  which  he  treats  the  French  does 
particular  good  in  these  days. ' '  German  schol- 
arship has  spent  itself  so  unsparingly  on 
Shakespeare  study  that  no  one  can  fairly  be- 
grudge the  Germans  such  comfort  as  they  can 
in  present  trials  derive  from  his  pages.  It 
even  appeals  to  the  sense  of  humor  to  find 
them  turning  to  their  own  use  against  En- 
gland the  greatest  of  England's  poets. 

•  •      • 

THE  READING  OF  SCHOOL  CHILDREN  tends  to 

become,  in  these  opening  days  of  the  ever- 
inviting  outdoor  season,  a  negligible  quantity ; 
and  this  is  in  great  part  as  it  should  be.  Still 
the  problem  of  how  to  bring  together  at  the 
psychological  moment  the  child  and  the  book 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


329 


he  most  needs  loses  none  of  its  importance 
with  the  shifting  of  the  seasons.  At  the 
Library  School  in  Albany,  as  explained  in  the 
current  record  of  things  accomplished  there 
during  the  past  year,  added  attention  is  given 
to  this  question  in  a  newly  established  "li- 
brary institute  open  only  to  district  superin- 
tendents of  schools."  This  is  one  branch 
merely  of  the  regular  summer  activity  of  the 
New  York  State  Library  School,  and  the  ses- 
sions were  attended  by  thirty-one  superin- 
tendents, who  took  an  energetic  part  in  the 
discussions  and  showed  a  genuine  interest  in 
the  topics  discussed.  What  aid  the  State 
gives  toward  the  furnishing  of  small  school 
libraries  was  learned  in  detail  by  those  attend- 
ing; and,  further,  as  we  are  informed,  "an 
important  feature  was  an  exhibit,  classified 
by  grades,  of  several  hundred  books  suitable 
for  the  first  eight  school  grades.  The  prac- 
tical character  of  this  exhibit  was  shown  by 
the  fact  that  a  number  of  those  in  attendance 
used  it  as  a  partial  basis  for  books  to  be  recom- 
mended for  purchase  during  the  coming  year." 
Among  the  lectures  delivered  are  to  be  noted 
several  on  such  generally  interesting  themes  as 
"What  is  Education  and  Who  are  Educated  ?" 
"  The  School  Library  in  Agricultural  Educa- 
tion," and  "  Selection  of  Historical  Material 
for  Schools,"  while  to  those  who  delight  in 
technicalities  were  offered  instructive  talks 
on  "  Some  Essentials  of  Cataloguing,"  "  Clas- 
sification of  School  Libraries,"  and  kindred 
subjects.  ... 

THE  IMPROBABILITIES  AND  IMPOSSIBILITIES  OF 

FICTION  surely  need  not  be  so  numerous  and  so 
glaring  as  they  are.  Creative  authorship  is 
not  incompatible  with  some  degree  of  critical 
sagacity  even  in  regard  to  one's  own  inspira- 
tions. Why  should  Trollope,  to  cite  an  old  and 
familiar  instance,  allow  himself  such  absurdi- 
ties as  are  encountered  in  his  description  of 
the  pecuniary  embarrassments  of  the  hero  of 
"Ralph  the  Heir"?  Ralph  Newton,  a  young 
man  of  twenty-seven,  has  but  recently  run 
through  the  greater  part  of  a  considerable  for- 
tune, and  is  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  asking 
credit  from  the  tradesmen  with  whom  he  deals. 
To  his  boot-maker  he  is  represented  to  be  in 
debt  to  the  extent  of  two  hundred  and  seven- 
teen pounds  —  a  thousand  dollars,  approxi- 
mately, for  boots  within  perhaps  two  years! 
And  for  leather  riding  breeches  his  debt  to 
Neefit  of  Conduit  Street  is  equally  absurd. 
There  is  no  excuse  for  this  straining  of  the 
reader's  credulity.  Sheer  carelessness,  or 
wantonness,  on  the  author's  part,  it  must  be 
called.  Of  course  it  is  a  small  matter;  but 
why  wreck  the  verisimilitude  of  a  good  story 
in  this  needless  fashion?  Again,  'to  take  an 


example  from  current  fiction,  in  "The  Awak- 
ening," by  Henry  Bordeaux  (if  that  be  the 
author's  real  name),  we  read  in  the  third 
chapter  about  a  certain  "telegraphed  letter" 
which  in  very  explicit  terms  is  distinguished 
from  ordinary  mail  correspondence ;  yet  only 
two  pages  later  a  person  to  whom  the  mes- 
sage is  handed  for  perusal  is  made  to  recog- 
nize the  sender's  handwriting,  "although  it 
was  stiffer,  firmer,  with  sudden  flourishes  and 
unfinished  letters."  Apparently  this  com- 
munication, so  painstakingly  impressed  upon 
us  as  a  telegram,  changes  its  character  in  a 
twinkling  and  becomes  an  autograph  docu- 
ment. We  have  here  to  do  with  an  old  com- 
plaint of  novel-readers  against  novel-writers, 
as  old  as  novels  themselves,  no  doubt ;  but  the 
fact  remains  that  it  is  just  such  disconcerting 
tricks,  or  lapses,  as  this  that  make  the  judi- 
cious novel-reader  grieve. 
... 

ONE  YEAR'S  WORK  OF  OUR  LARGEST  PUBLIC 
LIBRARY,  epitomized  in  statistical  form,  makes 
a  showing  that  is,  to  say  the  least,  impressive. 
In  the  twelve  months  ending  last  December 
the  New  York  Public  Library  lent  9,516,482 
books  for  home  use,  opened  four  new  branch 
libraries,  added  201,805  volumes,  supplied 
83,319  books  by  inter-branch  loans,  served 
1,267,879  readers  in  adults'  reading-rooms, 
lent  26,224  embossed  books  to  blind  readers, 
lent  973,856  books  by  travelling  libraries,  lent 
4,114,515  books  to  children,  served  1,502,185 
readers  in  the  children's  reading-rooms,  con- 
ducted 48  reading  clubs  for  children,  supplied 
rooms  for  hundreds  of  public  meetings,  gave 
away  300,000  copies  of  the  "Branch  Library 
News,"  lent  649,727  books  in  26  foreign  lan- 
guages; the  Reference  Department  of  the  main 
library  served  711,122  readers,  supplied  for 
reference  use  2,127,328  books,  added  to  its 
collection  41,727  books  and  2,320  pamphlets, 
opened  a  Manuscript  Division,  held  exhibitions 
of  etchings,  prints,  books,  and  manuscripts, 
and  answered  thousands  of  questions  by  word 
of  mouth,  by  letter,  or  by  telephone,  through 
the  Information  Division.  The  Municipal 
Reference  Library  in  the  Municipal  Building 
was  also  taken  in  charge.  With  pardonable 
pride  New  York  now  turns  to  the  other  great 
cities  of  the  world  with  the  classic  interroga- 
tion, "  Can  you  beat  it  ? " 

A   PRINTER    WITH    THE   SPIRIT    OF   AN    ARTIST 

may  raise  typography  almost  to  a  fine  art,  if 
not  quite.  As  long  as  the  world  reads  books  it 
will  be  interested  in  the  Elzevirs  and  Aldine-; 
and  De  Vinnes  of  the  printing  craft.  The 
famous  English  printer,  John  Baskerville,  has 
recently  been  made  the  subject  of  a  rather 


330 


THE   DIAL 


[  April  29 


notable  study  from  the  pen  of  Josiah  Henry 
Benton,  LL.D.,  but  the  fact  that  the  book 
is  privately  printed  will  debar  it  from  the 
wider  circulation  it  might  otherwise  have  been 
expected  to  attain.  This  Birmingham  writing- 
master  and  improver  of  the  process  of  japan- 
ning turned  his  manual  dexterity  to  good 
account,  toward  the  middle  of  his  fifth  decade, 
in  designing  and  cutting  type,  and  it  was  only 
after  becoming  a  type-founder  that  he  devoted 
himself  to  the  allied  industry  of  printing.  The 
story  of  his  famous  editions  of  Virgil  and  Hor- 
ace and  Milton  and  Addison,  and  many  others, 
is  too  long  to  tell  here  even  in  outline;  but 
from  the  concluding  paragraph  of  Dr.  Benton's 
book  a  brief  passage  can  be  given.  "  What  is 
it,"  he  asks,  "  that  makes  the  life  and  work  of 
this  middle-aged,  vain,  and  silly  Birmingham 
Englishman  interesting  to  us?  Why  do  we 
collect  his  imprints,  and  why  do  we  talk  about 
him?  I  think  it  is  because  he  had  the  true 
artistic  vision  and  courage.  He  conceived  the 
idea  of  a  perfect  book,  such  as  had  not  been 
printed  in  England.  .  .  .  He  conceived  the 
book  as  an  artist  conceives  a  statue  before  he 
strikes  a  blow  with  his  chisel  into  the  marble." 
Baskerville  made  or  supervised  the  making  of 
everything  that  went  into  his  books ;  he  printed 
of  course  on  a  hand  press,  and  there  was  noth- 
ing of  the  roar  and  rush  of  a  modern  printing 
establishment  in  his  little  office,  which  was  but 
a  room  in  his  dwelling-house.  Thoroughly  an 
artist  in  his  chosen  calling,  he  touched  nothing 
that  he  did  not  adorn  in  the  field  of  printing 
and  book-manufacture. 

•    •    • 

GREEDY  READERS  give  less  offence  than  do 
gluttonous  eaters.  Still  it  is  an  unpleasing 
spectacle  to  behold  a  person  in  a  public  read- 
ing-room sitting  on  a  half-dozen  of  his  favorite 
magazines  and  holding  as  many  more  under 
the  periodical  he  happens  to  be  reading  at  the 
time.  The  unpleasantness  is  intensified  when 
perchance  one  has  urgent  need  or  compelling 
desire  to  consult  one  of  the  pre-empted  pub- 
lications. At  one  of  the  branches  of  the  Enoch 
Pratt  Free  Library  of  Baltimore  the  younger 
readers  have  developed  a  most  astonishing  in- 
genuity in  hiding  their  favorite  books  for 
future  use.  From  the  current  Report  pre- 
pared by  Dr.  Steiner  —  a  rather  notably  inter- 
esting contribution  to  this  special  department 
of  literature  —  we  quote  an  incident  as  related 
by  the  assistant  to  whose  knowledge  it  came. 
"One  little  girl,"  she  writes,  "came  to  me  at 
the  close  of  the  first  day  [after  the  opening  of 
the  branch]  and  very  proudly  told  me  she  had 
put  away  enough  good  books  to  last  her  a  week. 
I  tried  to  explain  to  her  why  this  should  not 
be  done,  but  she  evidently  did  not  view  things 


in  the  same  light,  because,  when  I  was  arrang- 
ing the  books  the  next  morning,  I  found  seven 
copies  of  our  most  attractive  fairy  tales  packed 
very  neatly  behind  a  row  of  the  Expositor's 
Bible. ' '  By  what  precocity  of  shrewdness  did 
that  child  know  that  of  all  books  the  Bible  was 
the  least  likely  to  be  disturbed  ? 
•  •  • 

A  WASHINGTON  IRVING  ANECDOTE,  by  no 
means  new,  but  perhaps  all  the  better  for  its 
seasoned  quality,  was  appreciatively  received 
the  other  day  by  the  students  of  the  Hackley 
School  at  Tarrytown,  to  whom  Mr.  George 
Haven  Putnam,  son  of  Irving's  publisher  and 
close  friend,  was  relating  some  reminiscences 
of  the  famous  author.  In  his  infancy  Irving 
had  enjoyed  the  honor,  or  at  least  submitted 
to  it,  of  receiving  the  blessing  of  the  great 
man  after  whom  he  was  named.  "But  you 
cannot  see  the  place  where  his  sacred  hands 
touched  my  head,"  the  one  thus  honored  used 
to  add  in  his  later  years  when  he  recounted 
the  incident;  and  the  reason  of  this  invisi- 
bility was  such  a  puzzle  to  the  boy  Putnam 
that  he  questioned  his  father  on  the  subject. 
The  answer,  if  not  already  known,  will  sug- 
gest itself  easily  enough  to  anyone  familiar 
with  Irving's  portrait  and  the  artist's  rather 
obvious  indication  of  the  distinguished  au- 
thor's indebtedness  to  his  perruquier.  This 
story,  recalling  the  quasi-godfatherly  relation 
of  our  first  president  to  our  first  writer  of  more 
than  domestic  repute,  prompts  the  renewed 
query  why  Irving  should  have  habitually  sup- 
pressed the  first  element  of  his  baptismal 
name  and  not  taken  pride  in  calling  himself 
George  Washington  Irving.  A  letter  of  his, 
written  in  Spain,  is  said  to  have  recently  come 
to  light  with  this  full  signature  appended,  in 
proof  that  he  had  a  good  right  thereto. 
•  •  • 

WHETTING  THE  READER'S  APPETITE  with 
tempting  titbits  from  an  author's  works  may 
seem  inexpedient  to  most  makers  of  library 
catalogues,  who  naturally  account  it  a  suffi- 
cient task  to  record  fully  and  accurately  a 
book's  author,  title,  place  of  publication,  and 
date,  with  any  important  peculiarities  in  its 
mechanical  make-up.  Not  so,  however,  does 
the  matter  present  itself  to  the  compiler  of  the 
monthly  book-lists  in  the  New  York  Public 
Library's  "Branch  Library  News,"  a  late 
number  of  which  devotes  a  section  to  "Poets 
of  To-day"  and  not  only  names  their  chief 
works  but  spares  sufficient  space  to  quote,  in 
most  instances,  an  illustrative  bit  of  verse 
from  those  works.  Moreover,  the  fair  page  of 
this  inviting  catalogue  is  undeformed  by  any 
Dewey  or  Cutter  or  other  cabalistic  symbol 
denoting  the  book's  place  in  the  ranks  of  its 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


331 


fellows,  so  that  one  may  the  more  sensibly  feel 
that  one  is  reading,  not  a  "finding-list,"  not  a 
mere  inventory  of  goods,  but  an  anthology. 
Sixty-one  contemporary  poets  are  honored 
with  a  place  in  this  florilegium.  The  follow- 
ing lines  are  from  Mr.  W.  H.  Davies's  "  Songs 
of  Joy  " : 

"  Sing  out  my  soul,  thy  songs  of  joy ; 

Such  as  a  happy  bird  will  sing 
Beneath  a  Rainbow's  lovely  arch 
In  early  spring." 
•    •     • 

FROM  GOWN  TO  KHAKI  has  of  late  been  so 
generally  the  rule  at  the  English  universities 
that  probably  not  a  third  of  the  customary 
number  of  students  are  now  in  attendance  at 
Oxford  and  Cambridge,  and  those  that  still 
pursue  the  pleasant  paths  of  letters  and  learn- 
ing at  these  seats  of  culture  are  said  to  be 
chiefly  our  own  Rhodes  scholars  or  other 
American  students,  East  Indian  seekers  after 
knowledge,  and  invalids  very  manifestly  in- 
capacitated for  military  service.  An  able- 
bodied  young  Englishman  would  naturally 
shrink  from  showing  himself  in  academic  at- 
tire at  this  time;  the  training  camp  or  the 
battle-field  is,  unfortunately,  likely  to  be  the 
scene  of  his  activities  for  some  months  to 
come.  Amid  the  general  economic  waste  of 
the  war  must  be  reckoned  the  enforced  idleness, 
partial  or  entire,  not  only  of  workshops  and 
factories,  but  also  of  educational  "plants"  rep- 
resenting incalculable  investments  of  money 
and  talent  and  noble  endeavor.  "With  English, 
German,  French,  Belgian,  Russian,  Serbian, 
and  Austrian  higher  institutions  of  learning 
thus  reduced  to  more  or  less  complete  inactiv- 
ity, who  can  any  longer  have  a  good  word  to 
say  for  the  "  educational "  influence  of  war  ? 


COMMUNICATIONS. 

A  CORRECTION— AND  SOME  OTHER  MATTERS. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

Perhaps  I  owe  THE  DIAL  and  its  readers  an  apol- 
ogy for  a  certain  annoying  slip  of  the  pen  which 
occurred  in  my  communication  published  in  your 
issue  of  March  18.  In  that  number  (page  198,  line 
5)  the  word  "  imperative  "  should  have  given  way 
to  "  imperfect."  The  error  certainly  escaped  my 
notice  until  it  appeared  in  cold  print;  but  the 
reader  who  is  sufficiently  interested  may  make  the 
correction  in  his  own  copy,  as  I  have  done,  and  may 
perhaps  be  charitable  enough  to  ascribe  it  to  such 
a  pre-occupation  with  the  poetic  subject  that  sub- 
consciously I  could  not  resist  the  temptation  to 
rhyme  upon  "  narrative  "  the  erratic  "  imperative." 

Let  me  take  this  occasion  for  expressing  my 
agreement  with  Mr.  Ralph  Bronson,  in  the  state- 
ment contained  in  his  communication  on  "  War  and 
Poetry"  in  the  above-mentioned  issue,  that  "the 
violently  partisan  spirit  pervading  most  of  the 
verse  of  the  present  war  is  chiefly  responsible  for 


its  failure  to  measure  up  to  high  poetic  standards." 
The  war  verse  appearing  in  "  The  Poetry  Review  " 
of  London,  for  instance,  I  think  is  largely  of  this 
nature.  Why  elaborate  in  metre  and  rhyme,  some- 
times even  in  the  most  ambitious  forms,  what  the 
large  generality  of  history  may  most  likely  over- 
shadow, or  prove  untrue,  within  perhaps  the  next 
generation?  Poetry  is  the  twin-Muse  of  history, 
if  not  her  elder  sister,  and  scarcely  lends  herself 
readily  to  argumentation  and  debate.  Mr.  W.  N. 
Ewer's  poem,  "  Five  Souls,"  although  on  the  whole 
a  step  in  the  right  direction,  to  my  mind  gives  forth 
a  certain  cynical  breath,  which  in  true  lyric  poetry 
is  rather  disturbing  than  agreeable,  especially  if 
such  lines  strike  us  as  being  inclined  to  preach  "  the 
essential  folly  of  war."  War  is,  or  has  so  far  been, 
a  permanent  and  indisputable  fact  of  life,  and  we 
have  no  assurance  that  it  will  not  be  as  recurrent  in 
the  future  as  it  has  been  in  the  past.  War  cannot 
so  easily  be  spirited  away  out  of  human  history, 
and  for  that  reason  has  almost  as  much  right  to  be 
considered  and  recognized  as  a  fixity  as  has  peace. 
Anyone  convinced  of  this  cannot  in  the  reading  of 
anti-bellum  verse,  feel  the  pure  and  unalloyed  pleas- 
ure which  true  poetry  ought  always  to  give. 

Finally,  I  feel  constrained  to  take  friendly  excep- 
tion to  the  attitude  expressed  in  this  sentence  from 
your  leading  article,  in  the  same  issue :  "  The 
sooner  we  recognize  that  life  and  literature  are 
separate  businesses  the  sooner  we  shall  begin  to 
produce  something  worth  while  in  the  latter  field." 
While  I  believe  that  the  main  principle  here  set 
forth  is  indisputably  sound, —  namely,  that  litera- 
ture, especially  "  absolute  poetry,"  "  must  be  more 
or  less  removed  from  life," — it  might  be  well  not  to 
emphasize  this  axiom  too  strongly  in  that  form  just 
at  the  present  tune,  when  the  unstable  transition 
period  through  which  modern  poetry  is  passing 
would  seem  to  demand  that  we  show  the  close  con- 
nection between  the  "  special  language,  movement, 
ordering  of  words  and  atmosphere "  of  poetry. 
Certain  influential  modern  poets  have  already  been 
so  thoroughly  overwhelmed  by  the  idea  of  the  essen- 
tial separateness  between  poetry  and  life,  that  they 
are  dangerously  near  to  "  prosifying  "  the  classic 
Muse  of  metre  and  rhyme.  It  would  therefore  seem 
to  be  more  feasible  to  demonstrate,  if  possible,  the 
close  connection  between  poetry  and  the  facts  of 
life:  between  the  movements  of  life  and  those  of 
rhythm  and  metre;  between  the  changing  aspects 
of  life,  and  the  heart  and  the  soul,  and  the  varied 
order  of  words,  of  cadences,  rhymes,  and  even 
speech-sounds,  in  true  poetry,  as  long  as  the  latter 
bears  the  unmistakable  ear-marks  of  really  being 
such.  Restrained  freedom  is  the  law  of  beautiful 
living,  of  nature  in  her  most  pleasurable  aspects, 
and  consequently  also  of  true  poetry.  True  poetry 
is  in  itself  a  restraint  on  the  "  huge,  confused,  and 
haphazard  "  mass  of  life's  facts,  and  the  supreme 
task  of  the  critic  of  poetry  is  the  establishment  of 
some  standard  by  which  the  fine  balance  between 
the  comparatively  lawless  freedom  of  life  and  its 
often  cruel  restraints  might  be  judged  with  some 
accuracy,  as  well  as  sufficient  flexibility;  and  not 
only  this,  but  the  constant  advocacy  of  the  princi- 
ple, that  this  free-restrained,  beautiful  balance  of 
life-facts  be  made  more  and  more  permanent,  and 


332 


THE   DIAL 


[  April  29 


kept  inviolable,  in  the  preservative  pages  of  true 
poetry.  If  our  critic  of  the  future  could  be  great 
enough  even  to  approximate  such  a  working  crite- 
rion of  judgment,  he  might  conclusively  and  con- 
vincingly demonstrate  the  intimacy  between  life 
and  true  poetry ;  then  he  might  really  weigh  in  this 
delicate  balance  all  verse  that  came  within  his  ken, 
and  cast  aside  what  is  found  wanting ;  and  then  he 
might  be  an  agent  in  preserving  the  purity  of  true 
poetry  unto  the  generations  to  come. 

Louis  C.  MAEOLF. 
Wilton  Junction,  Iowa,  April  15,  1915. 


LITERARY  RECIPROCITY  WITH  THE  LATIN 
AMERICAS. 

(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
It  seems  singular  that  we  who  are  embarked  on 
these  two  Western  continents  should  be  separated 
by  idea-proof  bulkheads.  The  lanes  of  intellectual 
communication  all  run  east  and  west.  Now  that  the 
great  war,  like  an  iron  curtain  dropping  to  cut  off 
the  conflagration  on  the  stage  from  the  audience  in 
the  theatre,  has  measurably  interrupted  our  com- 
munications with  Europe,  perhaps  we  neighbors 
will  begin  to  pay  some  attention  to  each  other. 

I  am  moved  to  these  remarks  by  a  communication 
from  Senor  Arturo  R.  de  Carricarte,  who  has  been 
the  most  persevering  friend  American  literature 
has  had  in  the  countries  south  of  us.  In  a  review 
first  established  at  Vera  Cruz  and  continued  in 
Cuba  in  the  pages  of  the  Havana  "  Figaro,"  and 
more  lately  in  the  "  Heraldo  de  Cuba,"  he  has  for 
years  reviewed  and  exploited  American  literature. 
He  has  tried  to  break  down  the  prejudices,  literary 
and  political,  of  his  countrymen  and  kin.  He  writes 
that  it  is  incredible  how  many  books  and  articles 
appear  in  the  Latin  Americas  directed  against  the 
United  States.  All  the  reactionaries  in  religion  or 
politics,  and  most  of  those  who  claim  descent  from 
Spain  or  Portugal,  are  more  or  less  inimical  to  us. 
He  thinks  the  present  is  a  good  time  to  break  down 
this  hostility  and  inaugurate  an  intellectual  confed- 
eration between  the  Anglo-Saxon  and  Latin  races 
of  America.  I  think  he  is  right.  Perhaps  now  that 
Europe  is  closed  to  our  globe-trotters  and  sight- 
seers, the  tide  of  travel  may  turn  southward,  and 
people  of  culture  may  satisfy  themselves  as  to  the 
interest  of  the  Latin  American  countries  and  the 
culture,  courtesy,  and  charm  of  life  to  be  found 
there. 

In  this  connection  I  have  a  suggestion  to  make  in 
regard  to  the  name  of  our  own  country.  We  are 
all  Americans,  North  or  South,  as  all  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Europe  are  Europeans.  Over  there,  how- 
ever, they  make  no  account  of  this  vague  geograph- 
ical title,  but  pin  all  their  pride  and  patriotism  on 
their  national  names.  It  seems  to  us  a  case  of 
poverty,  not  a  cause  for  pride,  that  we  have  no 
national  name.  Our  official  appellation,  "  United 
States  of  North  America,"  is  formidable  enough, 
but  poetry  is  appalled  at  it  and  it  must  take  up  a 
good  deal  of  room  on  a  passport.  Nobody  could 
possibly  use  it  affectionately  or  intimately.  Why 
should  we  not  take  the  initial  letters  of  this  title 
and  turn  it  into  a  name  —  Usona.  This  would  be 
brief  and  musical,  as  are  most  of  the  great  geo- 


graphical and  national  names  — Asia,  Africa,  Italy, 
England,  Spain,  etc.  And  it  would  not  be  an  inno- 
vation, but  merely  an  abbreviation  of  the  old  title. 
We  could  call  ourselves  Usonians,  which  would  be 
a  mellifluous  and  mouth-filling  appellation.  The 
idea  is  a  new  one, —  at  least,  I  have  never  heard  of 
it  before ;  and  it  really  seems  worthy  of  considera- 
tion, c.  L.  M. 
New  fork  City,  April  20,  1915. 


A  QUOTATION  FROM  SOPHOCLES  IN 
MEREDITH'S  LETTERS. 

(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
In  a  letter  from  Box  Hill,  Dorking,  1901,  to  Lady 
Ulrica  Duncombe,  George  Meredith  quotes  lines 
94-5  of  Sophocles's  "  Trachiniae  "  (Roman  letters). 
They  read  as  follows  ("Letters  of  George  Mere- 
dith," Vol.  II.,  p.  519) : 

"  Ou  arola  n&x  enargomSna 
Tiktei  kateunasoi  te  phlogesomenai." 

They  should  read  thus  (Jebb's  text) : 
"  'on  aiola  mix  enarizomdna 

tiktei  kateunazei  te  phlogiz6menon." 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that,  in  Meredith's  version, 
seven  out  of  eight  words  contain  errors. 

These  errors  are  due,  however,  not  to  Meredith's 
ignorance  of  Greek;  for  Mr.  S.  S.  McClure  says  in 
his  autobiography  that  Meredith  recited  long  pas- 
sages of  the  "  Iliad  "  to  him.  They  must  be  attribu- 
ted, rather,  to  his  obscure  handwriting,  of  which 
Mr.  B.  W.  Matz  has  written  in  "  George  Meredith 
as  Publisher's  Reader"  ("Fortnightly  Review," 
N.  S.  86,  p.  283, 1909). 

The  lines  are  translated  in  "  The  Nation's  "  re- 
view of  the  "Letters"  (December  5,  1912),  as 
follows : 

"  Whom  spangled  night,  as  she  dies  away, 
Brings  forth,  and  again  lulls  to  sleep." 

The  last  word  of  the  quotation  is  therefore  omitted, 
and  no  comment  on  the  incorrectness  of  the  Greek 
is  offered.  Other  reviewers,  as  far  as  I  can  dis- 
cover, take  no  notice  of  the  passage. 

WM.  CHISLETT,  JR. 
Stanford  University,  Calif.,  April  15,  1915. 


JEFFERSON'S  ARCHITECTURAL  WORK. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

The  writer,  having  been  entrusted  by  the  heirs 
of  the  late  Thomas  Jefferson  Coolidge,  Jr.,  with 
the  publication  of  the  architectural  drawings  of 
Thomas  Jefferson  collected  by  him,  and  of  an  ac- 
companying essay  on  Jefferson's  architectural  work, 
is  desirous  of  knowing  of  other  drawings  by  Jeffer- 
son which  may  be  in  other  hands,  and  which  he 
might  be  given  an  opportunity  to  consult.  He 
would  also  be  glad  to  know  of  relevant  letters  and 
memoranda  existing  outside  of  the  principal  public 
repositories  of  Jeffersoniana,  and  to  secure  photo- 
graphs of  buildings,  locally  believed  to  have  been 
designed  by  Jefferson,  which  may  help  to  identify 
studies  for  unknown  buildings  existing  among 
Jefferson's  drawings.  FISKE  KIMBALL. 

University  of  Michigan,  April  20, 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


333 


OUR  PAINTER  OF  THE  SEA  AND  THE 
SHORE.* 

Everything  that  really  adds  to  our  knowl- 
edge of  American  painting  and  our  love  and 
appreciation  of  it  is  good,  and  especially 
when  it  comes  in  such  form  as  the  essay  by 
Mr.  Kenyon  Cox  in  a  now  well-known  series  of 
monographs  on  American  painters.  We  have 
spoken  of  these  monographs  several  times  and 
of  the  excellence  of  their  production,  their 
printing,  and  their  pictures.  The  earlier  vol- 
umes have  been  on  George  Inness,  Homer 
Martin,  and  Ralph  Blakelock,  and  there  have 
been  additional  numbers  with  more  pictures 
by  Inness  and  by  Martin.  It  is  a  pity  that 
these  very  useful  books  should  be  so  expen- 
sive, for  the  knowledge  of  American  painting 
should  be  as  wide-spread  as  possible.  But  one 
can  hardly  have  a  quarrel  with  the  publishers 
on  that  score,  unless  one  should  be  willing  to 
guarantee  (if  in  thought  only)  the  disposal 
of  a  popular  edition.  We  should  like  to  have 
the  public  able  to  have  and  see  the  material 
to  be  found  in  these  handsome  books,  even  in 
less  elegant  form ;  but  it  is  doubtful  whether 
the  public  would  back  that  desire  in  any  sub- 
stantial way.  THE  DIAL  has  also  in  previous 
reviews  expressed  regret  that  these  volumes 
should  not  be  furnished  with  some  matters 
that  would  be  useful  to  the  student,  such  as  a 
bibliography  or  a  list  of  the  artist's  paintings. 
But  criticisms  like  these  may  be  made  (and 
have  been)  on  the  whole  series,  and  need  not 
be  repeated  now.  The  interest  in  the  present 
work  lies  in  its  presentation  and  estimate  of 
the  work  of  Winslow  Homer. 

During  the  last  years  of  his  life,  and  since 
his  death  in  1910,  Winslow  Homer  has  con- 
stantly risen  in  general  estimation.  One  of 
the  great  figures  of  what  may  be  called  the 
second  period  of  American  painting,  he  did 
not  come  to  artistic  maturity  until  the  end  of 
the  last  century.  But  when  he  did  get  to 
the  power  of  actual  self-expression,  he  had 
reached  so  strong  and  so  original  an  artistic 
personality  that  he  became  almost  at  once  a 
figure  of  the  first  rank.  He  was  born  in  the 
same  decade  as  Whistler,  Homer  Martin,  and 
Wyant,  and  only  a  dozen  years  or  so  after 
Inness,  Fuller,  and  Hunt.  But  Homer  did 
not  come  to  that  power  of  expression  by 
which  he  is  really  known  until  he  was  fifty 
years  old.  He  was  recognized  early ;  he  was 
elected  to  the  National  Academy  before  any 
of  those  just  named,  who  might  be  considered 


*  WINSLOW   HOMER.      By   Kenyon   Cox. 
York :  Frederic  Fairchild  Sherman. 


Illustrated.      New 


his  contemporaries.  But  the  work  that  is  now 
deemed  his  best  came  later  than  the  chief 
work  of  those  others, —  indeed  after  the  death 
of  several.  Homer  was  one  of  an  earlier  gen- 
eration lasting  on  into  our  own  time,  not  with 
decreasing  power  and  impaired  vigor,  but 
with  a  power  and  vigor  that  enabled  him  to 
do  his  best  work.  And  this  is  certainly  a 
noteworthy  thing.  In  a  generation  of  all  sorts 
of  new  ideas  in  artistic  aim  and  technique,  the 
fame  of  so  great  a  man  as  George  Inness 
varies;  people  who  once  admired  him  above 
all  will  be  found  to  be  cold  to  his  art.  Homer 
Martin  was  never  popular  in  his  life- time; 
and  if  I  can  judge  at  all,  he  is  not  popular 
now.  Hunt  and  Fuller  are  not  well  known 
by  the  average  picture  lover  of  to-day.  But 
Winslow  Homer,  who  cared  nothing  for  popu- 
larity, and  in  his  later  years  was  apt  to  say 
he  cared  nothing  even  for  painting,  would 
seem  to  be  growing  in  public  estimation. 
More  of  his  pictures  are  seen  in  the  great 
collections;  more  is  said  and  written  of  him. 
There  are,  for  instance,  eight  pictures  by 
Homer  in  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  New 
York, —  which  is  more  than  there  are  of  any 
of  the  other  artists  just  named,  beside  a  dozen 
remarkable  water-colors.  I  would  give  them 
all  for  my  pick  of  the  Innesses  and  the  Homer 
Martins;  but  that  personal  view  has  nothing 
to  do  with  the  general  interest  that  with  little 
doubt  now  holds  Winslow  Homer  to  be  one  of 
the  three  greatest  of  our  later  American 
painters  (not  living),  the  other  two  being 
Whistler  and  Inness. 

Such  a  position  naturally  offers  reason  for 
such  an  estimate  as  that  of  Mr.  Kenyon  Cox's, 
and  for  especial  interest  in  it.  How  was  it 
that  this  painter  who  did  nothing  so  wonder- 
ful before  1885,  say,  should  at  a  time  when 
his  contemporaries  were  beginning  to  cease 
production,  be  able  to  create  work  which 
should  gain  for  him  a  greater  interest  than 
that  of  any  of  the  others,  and  should  do  so  at 
a  time  full  of  new  ideas  in  painting,  both  as 
regards  the  thing  painted  and  the  way  of 
painting  it? 

Mr.  Cox's  essay  is  an  estimate  of  Homer's 
quality  as  a  painter.  He  does  not  attempt  a 
study  of  Homer's  life,  but  accepts  the  results 
of  the  work  of  W.  H.  Downes,  which  appeared 
shortly  after  the  death  of  the  painter.  What 
is  of  chief  interest  in  his  view,  to  my  mind,  is 
that  we  have  here  the  view  of  one  painter  by 
another,  put  simply  and  in  language  that  the 
ordinary  person  can  understand.  Generally 
when  you  talk  with  a  painter  about  art  or 
artists  he  aids  his  explanation  by  gesture  or 
by  painter's  phrases,  which  give  his  criticism 
a  character,  but  make  it  hard  to  understand 


334 


THE   DIAL 


[April  29 


except  by  others  of  the  craft.  Here  is  a  view 
of  a  wholly  competent  observer,  expressed 
with  ease  and  force. 

Winslow  Homer  was  a  man  noteworthy  in 
his  generation  for  the  force  and  singleness  of 
aim  with  which  he  went  about  his  business. 
He  saw  much  of  American  life ;  in  a  country 
town  as  well  as  in  New  York,  in  war  as  well 
as  in  peace,  in  the  great  woods  as  well  as  on 
the  New  England  sea-shore.  But  he  had 
especially,  or  perhaps  finally,  a  definite  per- 
ception such  as  no  other  American  artist  had 
of  the  greatness  and  beauty  of  the  sea  and  of 
the  lives  lived  on  or  near  it.  Other  things  he 
painted  too,  but  this  was  the  thing  he  loved 
and  observed  and  studied  and  knew  best.  He 
was  something  like  Millet.  Mr.  Cox  says: 
"  To  paint  a  simple,  every-day  occurrence,  a 
part  of  the  routine  of  life,  and  by  one's  treat- 
ment of  it  to  reveal  its  deeper  implications  and 
make  manifest  the  dignity  and  the  romance  of 
the  life  of  which  it  forms  a  part  —  that  is 
what  Millet  did  for  the  tillers  of  the  soil  and 
what  Homer  does  for  the  fisherman  and  the 
sailor." 

And  with  this  fully  American  aim  and  in- 
terest Homer  had  such  powers  as  enabled  him 
to  paint  fine  pictures.  He  was  direct;  care- 
less of  convention,  of  talk,  of  considerations; 
he  wanted  the  real  thing.  Further  (and  here 
Mr.  Cox's  professional  testimony  is  of  great 
value)  he  was  a  remarkable  master  of  observa- 
tion, and  saw  things  that  no  one  else  saw,  and 
painted  things  that  no  one  else  had  painted. 
So  when  he  had  settled  with  himself  what  he 
wanted, —  and  it  took  him  a  good  while  to  do 
so, —  he  was  apt  to  render  it  very  truly,  or  at 
least  with  a  truth  that  people  could  appre- 
ciate. Besides  which  he  would  make  any 
effort  to  render  what  he  saw  and  indeed  was 
inclined  to  feel  that  his  "  art "  consisted 
merely  in  resolutely  confining  his  painting  to 
what  he  saw.  But  however  that  was,  he 
desired  his  painting  to  grow  out  of  his  own 
experience,  for  he  studied  with  no  one.  And 
here  we  need  especially  what  Mr.  Cox  can 
give  us;  for  here  the  artist  sees  easily  that 
Homer  had  certain  artistic  gifts  of  which  per- 
sonally he  was  inclined  to  make  slight  ac- 
count, chiefly  the  great  gift  or  sense  of  design 
and  composition,  so  that  he  naturally  painted 
and  selected  in  such  a  way  as  to  give  the. 
things  he  painted  the  sense  of  life  and  move- 
ment that  is  so  remarkable  in  them. 

Something  like  this  is  Mr.  Cox's  estimate  of 
Homer,  and  one  can  see  that  it  makes  him  at 
once  an  interesting  man.  We  would  not  so 
much  comment  upon  the  judgment,  as  present 
it  and  call  attention  to  it.  Homer  had  a  very 
interesting  and  even  a  very  American  subject, 


and  he  had  a  certain  definite  and  exceptional 
power.  So  now  his  pictures  may  stand  clear 
in  our  mind;  he  is  a  definite  personality, 
more  so,  I  take  it,  than  William  M.  Hunt, 
who  was  a  greater  influence,  or  than  George 
Fuller,  who  to  many  is  more  delightful.  Mr. 
Cox,  in  looking  over  his  contemporaries,  thinks 
of  no  personalities  more  striking  than  his, 
except,  as  we  have  said,  Whistler  and  Inness. 
I  should  like  to  add  Homer  Martin,  and  would 
be  content  to  leave  the  four  as  representative 
of  painting  in  America  in  the  generation  be- 
fore our  own.  I  do  not  know  who  else  ought 
to  be  mentioned;  Wyant,  Tryon,  Vedder, 
Blakelock,  La  Farge, —  we  might  think  of  one 
or  another  for  a  moment,  but  they  hardly 
seem  to  me  to  belong  with  the  four  who  have 
been  named.  Of  these  four,  much  has  been 
written  and  printed  on  Whistler;  this  series 
of  monographs  has  presented  worthy  consid- 
eration of  the  others.  We  shall  watch  with 
interest  to  see  who  will  be  the  next  selection. 
It  may  add  to  the  value  of  these  considera- 
tions if  I  add  that  —  perhaps  owing  to  the 
lack  of  them  —  I  have  never  been  able  to  care 
much  for  the  pictures  of  Winslow  Homer. 
Perhaps  if  I  had  been  better  instructed,  if  I 
had  had  in  mind  the  finer  points  of  design,  of 
composition  here  spoken  of,  I  might  not  be  so 
impressed  as  I  am  with  some  other  things 
that  I  feel  in  Winslow  Homer's  pictures.  A 
stray  remark  made  about  the  "  High  Cliff " 
when  the  Evans  Collection  was  exhibited  some 
years  ago,  at  the  Union  League  Club  I  think, 
gives  opportunity  for  some  explanation.  The 
critic  noted  "the  actual  quality  of  foamy 
water,  the  soft  yielding  of  it,  the  invertebrate 
yet  unconquerable  weight  that  is  its  own." 
If  a  sea-painter  could  render  just  those  things 
all  would  be  impressed.  But  in  those  expres- 
sions (excepting  that  about  the  weight  of  the 
water)  the  critic  seems  to  me  to  have  picked 
out  just  the  qualities  that  Winslow  Homer's 
pictures  do  not  have.  His  water  to  my  eye 
has  by  no  means  the  actual  quality  of  foamy 
water,  it  is  not  soft  or  yielding;  and  if  it  is 
invertebrate,  it  is  more  like  the  turtle  than  the 
jelly-fish.  But  this  feeling  of  mine  —  that 
Winslow  Homer  is  singularly  stiff  and  solid 
for  a  great  painter  —  seems  quite  opposed  to 
the  general  opinion,  and  is  certainly  very 
different  from  that  of  Mr.  Cox.  I  shall  not 
pretend  to  a  finer  feeling  than  most,  and  I 
shall  certainly  confess  to  smaller  opportuni- 
ties. But  I  cannot  refrain  from  stating  the 
way  it  appears  to  me.  And  I  urge  anyone 
who  thinks  I  am  wrong  to  go  to  the  Metro- 
politan Museum  (or  any  other  place  where 
there  is  a  like  opportunity;  best  would  be 
the  National  Gallery,  Washington,  where  is 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


335 


the  picture  in  question)  and  look  at  the  sea- 
pictures  by  Homer.  Then  if  he  has  ever  seen 
the  masses  of  the  sea  come  thundering  in 
upon  the  rocks,  he  can  form  his  own  opinion. 
Whichever  way  he  decides,  it  is  not  probable 
that  Winslow  Homer  will  care  much.  He  felt 
deeply  the  beauty  and  force  and  greatness  of 
the  sea  and  the  shore,  and  he  rendered  it  with 
all  the  power  of  his  genius,  and  was  content 
to  let  it  go  at  that.  I  would  not  say  a  word 
which  would  prevent  another  seeing  that 
great  spectacle  as  he  saw  it.  And  Mr.  Cox 
has  said  much  that  will  help. 

EDWARD  E.  HALE. 


ELIZABETHAN  TRAGIC  TECHNIQUE.* 

The  study  of  dramatic  technique  which  has 
become  so  general  of  late  has  its  unfortunate 
side.  It  has  been  perverted.  "We  are  well 
enough  pleased  that  courses  of  instruction 
should  be  given,  and  books  written,  to  pry  into 
the  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  such  mat- 
ters as  having  the  hero's  cigar  go  out  or  the 
phial  shown  suggestively  three  times  over  in 
preparation  for  the  drinking  of  the  fatal 
potion.  We  realize  the  need  of  good  technical 
workmanship  and  of  the  skilful  use  of  theatri- 
cal devices.  But  play  writing  has  its  strategy 
as  well  as  its  tactics.  Or,  to  put  the  distinction 
in  other  words,  the  trivialities  so  often  taken 
for  the  whole  of  technique  are  only  a  part  of 
it ;  necessary  of  course,  but  subsidiary,  auxil- 
iary; not  the  essential  stuff  of  which  great 
plays  are  made.  There  is  a  mental  as  well  as 
a  mechanical  aspect  of  drama :  an  artist's  prob- 
lem as  well  as  a  juggler's  problem ;  a  work  for 
creative  imagination  as  well  as  a  work  for  con- 
triving judgment.  Against  the  notion  that 
' '  technique ' '  is  drama  we  positively  rebel.  As 
well  say  that  a  sleight  of  hand  mastery  of  allit- 
eration, assonance,  variety  of  pitch  and  pause, 
can  produce  unaided  an  "Eve  of  St.  Agnes"; 
or  that  an  observance  of  the  thou  shalt's  and 
thou  shalt  not's  of  argumentation  can  produce 
a  "Reply  to  Hayne." 

At  a  time  of  so  much  lecturing  and  writing 
by  those  shrewd  wits  and  little  souls  who  fancy 
that,  since  the  tricks  of  the  trade  are  necessary 
to  drama,  drama  is  to  be  measured  solely  by  its 
employment  of  the  tricks  of  the  trade,  it  is 
refreshing  to  find  a  painstaking  study  of  the 
technique  of  a  great  period  in  tragedy  that 
does  not  stop  with  external  things.  Dr. 
Fansler's  study,  made  under  the  direction  of 
Professor  Thorndike,  is  not  mindless  of  the- 
atrical details ;  neither  is  it  tied  down  by  them, 

*  THE  EVOLUTION  OF  TECHNIC  IN  ELIZABETHAN  TRAGEDY. 
By  Harriet  Ely  Fansler,  Ph.D.,  Assistant  Professor  of  En- 
glish, University  of  the  Philippines.  Chicago :  Row,  Peterson 
&  Co. 


like  Gulliver  by  the  cables  of  Lilliput.  It  is 
a  record  and  investigation  of  the  successive 
problems  that  confronted,  not  the  mere  crafts- 
men, but  the  artists  of  varying  greatness,  who 
wrought  in  Elizabethan  days. 

With  fresh  illustrations  and  orderly  pro- 
cedure, Dr.  Fansler  traces  the  evolution  of  the 
elements  in  the  dramatic  heritage  which  fell 
to  Shakespeare.  The  religious  drama  was 
formless,  but  it  had  good  situations ;  it  was  rich 
in  "acted  scenes  presenting  a  not  inconsider- 
able amount  of  realistic  spectacle  and  making 
a  strong  emotional  appeal."  Curious  par- 
allels are  shown  between  some  of  these  scenes 
and  scenes  in  Shakespeare.  The  religious 
drama  may  also  in  part,  through  the  promi- 
nence it  gave  to  the  crucifixion,  have  caused 
English  tragedy,  in  much  more  nearly  a  uni- 
versal way  than  Greek  or  Latin,  to  associate 
death  with  the  catastrophe.  The  Senecan 
drama  furnished  a  clear  dramatic  motive,  usu- 
ally the  motive  of  revenge.  Marlowe  showed 
the  importance  of  the  protagonist.  The  first 
distinct  mark  of  Shakespearean  technique  was 
the  development  of  the  antagonist,  who  was 
vested  with  individuality  and  an  equal  impor- 
tance with  the  protagonist  in  the  catastrophe 
of  "Richard  III." 

By  far  the  greater  portion  of  the  book  is 
devoted  to  Shakespeare  himself.  His  tech- 
nique is  presented  as  an  evolution ;  the  trage- 
dies are  examined  seriatim  with  reference  to 
large  problems  of  dramatic  art.  Thus  ' '  Julius 
Cassar"  is  treated  under  the  caption  of  "The 
Rise  and  the  Crisis-Emphasis,  Including  the 
Tragic  Incident. ' '  This  somewhat  formidable 
title  loses  its  terrors  when  we  perceive  certain 
things.  Brutus,  though  in  part  sharing  with 
Cassius,  is  regarded  as  the  protagonist,  and 
the  play  is  held  to  be  "  the  first  of  our  extant 
tragedies  in  which  we  see  the  protagonist  defi- 
nitely and  steadily  rise  to  a  single  crisis  deed, 
willed  by  him,  expected  by  the  audience,  and 
elaborately  executed  in  a  well-organized  scene 
or  scene-group,  unpreceded  by  violent  and  dis- 
tracting incidents."  Hence  the  word  "Rise" 
in  the  chapter-title.  The  term  "Crisis- 
Emphasis  ' '  is  equally  justified.  ' '  Shakespeare 
meant  to  set  Antony  forth  as  a  retributive 
antagonist  of  Brutus,  not  a  contestant  from 
the  beginning  as  Hereford  with  Richard,  but 
as  one  roused  to  action  by  a  deed.  .  .  .  '  Julius 
Caesar'  is  the  first  of  Shakespeare's  extant 
tragedies  in  which  there  is  clear  evidence  of  a 
consciousness  of  the  crisis-emphasis  as  a  func- 
tional point  of  structure. ' ' 

There  is  the  obvious  risk  that  intentions  will 
be  detected  which  were  never  in  Shakespeare's 
mind.  Dr.  Fansler  obviates  this  in  part  by 
warning  us  that  artistic  processes  are  not  al- 


336 


[April  29 


ways  conscious.  There  is  the  possibility  like- 
wise that  the  validity  of  an  idea  depends  upon 
the  point  of  view.  Thus  Freytag  is  attacked 
for  censuring  Shakespeare  because  the  scene 
is  not  given  wherein  Antony  decides  to  return 
to  Cleopatra.  But  were  not  two  possible 
effects  open  to  Shakespeare,  one  through  a 
scene  of  decision,  the  other  through  the  undi- 
vided emotion  of  the  catastrophe;  and  shall 
we  either  praise  or  condemn  absolutely,  since 
a  choice  was  necessary  and  the  emphasis  had 
to  go  one  way  or  the  other  ?  Finally,  there  is 
the  danger  that  aspects  of  a  problem  will  be 
overlooked.  "The  introduction  of  'Macbeth' 
is  therefore  so  far  better  than  that  of  'Lear, ' ' 
says  Dr.  Fansler,  "  as  it  shows  the  protagonist 
before  the  crisis  in  a  rise  long  enough  to  assure 
the  spectator  that  the  doer  of  the  deed  appre- 
ciates his  own  act.  .  .  .  We  see  Macbeth  rise 
from  thought  to  deed."  In  so  far  as  this 
statement  commends  the  introduction  of 
"Macbeth,"  it  will  hold.  But  in  so  far  as  it 
implies  that  the  rash  act  of  Lear  should  be 
made  deliberate,  it  is  entirely  at  fault.  Shake- 
speare here  had  to  do  with  stubborn  material ; 
with  an  act  which  was  indispensable  if  the 
play  was  to  go  on  at  all,  and  which  yet  was 
unbelievable.  The  more  he  could  inveigle  his 
audience  into  accepting  it  as  a  postulate,  the 
more  he  could  turn  attention  from  its  inherent 
improbability,  the  better  the  play  would  fare 
and  the  surer  sympathy  the  old  king  would 
evoke.  The  introduction  of  "Lear"  shows  a 
dexterous  lessening  of  insuperable  difficulties. 
Many  objections  like  this  might  be  raised, 
but  in  the  majority  of  cases  no  definite  conclu- 
sion can  be  reached;  tastes  and  interpreta- 
tions will  continue  to  vary.  Dr.  Fansler 's 
study  is  a  helpful  one.  Its  opinions  are  not  al- 
ways new,  but  they  are  well-considered.  Here 
is  its  summary  of  Shakespeare's  contribution : 

"What,  then,  is  a  Shakespearean  tragedy?  Is 
it  a  story  ?  Yes ;  in  the  sense  of  '  a  body  of  facts 
of  special  significance.'  All  Elizabethan  dramas 
were  stories.  But  a  Shakespearean  tragedy  is  not 
primarily  narrative.  Its  action  is  not  narrative, 
and  herein  is  Shakespeare's  distinction  from  all 
predecessors.  The  action  of  a  Shakespearean  trag- 
edy is  the  presentation  through  stage  devices  of  the 
issuing  of  events  out  of  character  and  the  issuing 
of  catastrophe  for  that  character  out  of  those 
events.  .  .  .  Character-action  is  Shakespeare's  con- 
tribution to  the  world's  dramatic  literature.  Char- 
acter-action is  Elizabethan  tragic  technic  at  its 
supreme  evolution.  In  a  large  sense  it  might  be 
said,  for  contrast,  that  Greek  drama  presents  the 
struggle  of  man  with  events  super-beings  create; 
Senecan,  the  struggle  of  man  with  events  fellow 
beings  create ;  but  Elizabethan,  the  struggle  of  man 
with  events  his  own  being  creates." 

GARLAND  GREEVER. 


AMERICAN  EXPAXSIOX  ix  THE  FAR 
WEST.* 


It  is  not  an  easy  matter  to  tell  the  story  of 
the  annexation  of  Texas  and  the  conquest  of 
New  Mexico  and  California  with  full  enthusi- 
asm and  endorsement,  especially  when  one  is 
consciously  supplementing  the  work  of  the 
inimitable  Roosevelt.  Yet  both  these  tasks 
Professor  McElroy  has  set  himself  in  the  four 
hundred  pages  of  his  "Winning  of  the  Far 
West." 

How  far  he  has  succeeded  may  be  left  to  the 
reader.  But  the  important  events  and  move- 
ments which  have  a  bearing  on  the  far  west- 
ward expansion  during  the  period  of  1829  to 
1867  are  interestingly  dealt  with.  Andrew 
Jackson  and  Henry  Clay  are  duly  praised, 
though  the  two  leaders  were  diametrically 
opposed  to  each  other  all  their  lives.  That 
Jackson  was  right  in  counselling  and  even  in- 
triguing for  the  annexation  of  Texas,  and  that 
Clay  was  also  right  in  opposing  and  intriguing 
against  the  same  movement,  Professor  McEl- 
roy does  not  attempt  to  prove;  though  some 
readers  might  think  he  had  actually  done  this. 
Sam  Houston  is  another  "hero"  depicted  as 
doing  pioneer  service  in  the  great  cause  of 
American  expansion  —  as  if  the  expansion  of 
the  United  States  were  the  most  natural  and 
righteous  things  in  the  world.  There  is  a  bit 
of  chauvinism  that  reminds  one  of  French- 
German  phraseology  in  the  terms  "crowning 
glory"  (p.  292)  and  "glorious  conquest"  (p. 
297)  with  which  the  author  describes 'the  move- 
ments of  the  American  "  army  of  invasion,"  as 
though  the  very  term  invasion  were  not  sug- 
gestive of  a  wide  departure  from  the  national 
professions. 

Still  one  may  not  cavil  at  an  author  for 
doing  what  everyone  regards  as  lawful  and 
proper :  writing  anew  an  oft-told  tale ;  and  in 
general  these  chapters  present  in  good  form 
and  brief  space  what  one  finds  more  elabo- 
rately in  H.  H.  Bancroft's  books,  or  more  scien- 
tifically (if  one  may  use  an  awkward  term)  in 
Professor  Garrison's  volume  in  the  "American 
Nation  Series."  Professor  McElroy  does  not 
attempt  to  be  exhaustive  or  final,  and  hence 
one  must  not  apply  the  standards  which  might 
be  applied  to  more  ambitious  writers.  His  aim 
is  to  re-present  the  subject,  and  to  add  to  the 
national  interest  in  and  admiration  for  the 
leaders  who  brought  such  princely  domains 
under  the  ample  folds  of  the  American  flag. 
Of  penetrating  analysis  or  keen  criticism  of 
the  materials  used  there  is  little ;  nor  is  there 
anything  "  new." 

*  THE  WINNING  OF  THE  FAR  WEST.  By  Robert  McNutt 
McElroy,  Ph.D.  Illustrated.  New  York :  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


An  opportunity  for  adding  something  to  the 
store  of  our  present  knowledge  of  the  far  west- 
ward movement  was  offered  in  the  unrecog- 
nized leadership  of  Robert  Walker,  and  in  the 
amazing  intrigues  of  the  American  diplomats 
in  Mexico  during  the  period  just  preceding  the 
great  war  between  the  States.  And  there  were 
certain  features  of  the  Mexican  War  which  a 
more  ambitious  hand  might  have  essayed  to 
describe,  though  the  author's  story  of  Nicholas 
Trist  and  General  Scott  is  interesting  and 
trustworthy. 

The  following  exchange  of  compliments  be- 
tween General  Scott  and  Nicholas  Trist,  the 
envoy  of  the  Government,  makes  amusing 
reading  now,  though  it  must  have  been  exas- 
perating indeed  to  the  President,  who  would 
not  punish  either  party.  Scott :  "  I  see  that 
the  Secretary  of  War  proposes  to  degrade  me, 
by  requiring  that  I,  commander  of  this  army, 
shall  defer  to  you,  the  chief  clerk  of  the  De- 
partment of  State,  the  question  of  continuing 
or  discontinuing  hostilities."  Trist:  "You 
will  now,  Sir,  I  trust,  understand  that  greatly 
deficient  in  wisdom  as  the  present  (and  indeed 
any  democratic)  administration  of  the  govern- 
ment must  necessarily  be,  it  has  not  fallen  into 
so  egregious  a  blunder  as  to  make  the  trans- 
mission and  delivery  of  that  communication 
[a  message  to  the  Mexican  Minister  of  Foreign 
Affairs]  dependent  upon  the  amiable  affabil- 
ity and  gracious  condescension  of  General 
Winfield  Scott."  Few  presidents  of  the  United 
States  ever  contended  with  so  many  recalci- 
trant or  unruly  spirits  as  did  James  K.  Polk. 
One  recalls  Scott,  who  openly  snubbed  the 
chief  executive  more  than  once;  Senator 
Benton,  who  demanded  of  him  almost  impos- 
sible things;  and  Commodore  Stockton,  who 
declared  in  public  addresses  that  nothing  less 
than  the  annexation  of  all  Mexico  would  sat- 
isfy any  sensible  man.  Polk  could  not  remove 
Scott,  lest  Benton,  a  civilian  without  military 
experience,  should  force  his  own  nomination  to 
the  vacancy;  nor  could  he  punish  naval  and 
army  officers  who  clamored  in  public  addresses 
for  governmental  action  wholly  inconsistent 
with  the  President's  policy.  Eeally  we  have 
fallen  upon  better  times. 

A  most  interesting  subject  is  this  of  the  win- 
ning of  the  far  west;  but  only  a  philosopher 
or  an  historian  without  national  or  sectional 
bias  could  possibly  treat  it  aright.  Think  of 
Colonel  Roosevelt  describing  the  fall  of  the 
Alamo  or  the  storming  of  Chapultepec,  the 
"  imbecility  of  Polk,"  or  the  "  asinine  stupid- 
ity "  of  those  who  defeated  the  plan  for  United 
States  control  of  the  Panama  canal  zone  in 
1846  !  Of  course,  Professor  McElroy  does  not 
attempt  the  finality  of  Roosevelt,  and  conse- 


quently he  leaves  the  reader  in  doubt  now  and 
then  as  to  whether  it  was  "  manifest  destiny  " 
or  something  worse  that  dictated  the  course  of 
our  national  evolution.  To  say  that  the  story 
of  the  period  still  remains  to  be  told  is  not  to 
say  that  this  book  is  a  bad  one;  on  the  con- 
trary, it  is  a  handy  and  a  reasonably  accurate 
work-  WILLIAM  E.  DODD. 


AMERICA  AND  THE  GREAT  WAR.* 


As  the  stream  of  books  pertaining  to  the 
war  flows  from  the  presses  of  Europe  and 
America  it  brings  at  intervals  a  volume  which 
by  reason  of  the  vigor  of  its  thought  and  the 
force  of  its  language  stands  some  chance  of 
retaining  a  place  in  the  literature  of  the  sub- 
ject a  decade  hence.  Unquestionably,  one  such 
book  is  Mr.  Roosevelt's  "America  and  the 
World  War."  Not  that  what  the  ex-President 
has  written  will  commend  itself  to  all  classes 
of  people.  The  "  peace  prattlers,"  as  the  paci- 
vists  are  contemptuously  denominated,  will 
find  small  comfort  in  it ;  and  the  defenders  of 
the  foreign  policy  of  the  Wilson  Administra- 
tion will  not  enjoy  the  flaying  which  is  admin- 
istered to  them.  The  book  may  be  admitted 
at  once  to  be  partisan  in  tone  and  at  some 
points  distinctly  unfair.  Nevertheless,  as  a 
straight-from-the-shoulder  exposition  of  the 
elements  of  strength  and  weakness  in  the  pres- 
ent position  of  the  United  States,  by  a  writer 
whose  opportunities  to  acquire  knowledge  of 
the  subject  have  been  unsurpassed,  Mr.  Roose- 
|  velt's  volume  must  be  regarded  as  one  which 
j  challenges  the  attention  of  every  serious- 
|  minded  citizen.  It  is  a  book  which,  at  the 
least,  should  be  provocative  of  thought  and  of 
discussion.  The  course  of  the  author's  argu- 
ment can  be  indicated  in  a  few  words.  The 
United  States  should  be  equally  friendly  to  all 
European  peoples  "while  they  behave  well," 
and  should  be  considerate  of  the  rights  of  each 
of  them.  Peace  is  ardently  to  be  desired,  but 
only  as  the  handmaid  of  righteousness.  The 
peace  congresses,  and  the  other  activities  of  the 

*  AMERICA  AND  THE  WORLD  WAR.  By  Theodore  Roosevelt 
New  York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

THE  PR_ESENT  MILITARY  SITUATION  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
By  Francis  V.  Greene.  New  York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

ARE  WE  READY?  By  Howard  D.  Wheeler.  Illustrated. 
Boston :  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 

PAN-AMERICANISM.  A  Forecast  of  the  Inevitable  Clash 
between  the  United  States  and  Europe's  Victor.  By  Roland 
G.  Usher.  New  York :  The  Century  Co. 

THE  EVIDENCE  IN  THE  CASE.  By  James  M.  Beck.  New 
York:  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

ONE  AMERICAN'S  OPINION  OF  THE  EUROPEAN  WAR.  An 
Answer  to  Germany's  Appeals.  By  Frederick  W.  Whitridge. 
New  York :  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 

CAN  GERMANY  WIN?  The  Resources  and  Aspirations  of 
Its  People.  By  an  American.  New  York:  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons. 

THE  PEACE  AND  AMERICA.  By  Hugo  Munsterberg.  New 
York:  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

THE  WORLD  WAR.  How  It  Looks  to  the  Nations  Involved 
and  What  It  Means  to  Us.  By  Elbert  F.  Baldwin.  New  York : 
The  Macmillan  Co.  , ; 


338 


THE    DIAL 


[April  29 


"  ultra-pacivists "  during  a  generation  past, 
have  amounted  to  "  precisely  and  exactly 
nothing  in  advancing  the  cause  of  peace." 
All-inclusive  arbitration  treaties  of  the  kind 
hitherto  proposed  and  enacted  are  utterly 
worthless,  are  hostile  to  righteousness  and 
detrimental  to  peace.  "  From  the  international 
standpoint  the  essential  thing  to  do  is  effec- 
tively to  put  the  combined  power  of  civiliza- 
tion back  of  the  collective  purpose  of  civiliza- 
tion to  secure  justice.  This  can  be  achieved 
only  by  a  world  league  for  the  peace  of  right- 
eousness, which  would  guarantee  to  enforce  by 
the  combined  strength  of  all  the  nations  the 
decrees  of  a  competent  and  impartial  court 
against  any  recalcitrant  and  offending  nation. 
Only  in  this  way  will  treaties  become  serious 
documents."  Such  a  world  league  for  peace 
is  not  now  in  prospect.  Until  it  can  be  brought 
about,  the  prime  necessity  for  every  free  and 
liberty-loving  nation  is  to  keep  itself  in  a  state 
of  preparedness  such  as  to  be  able  to  defend 
by  its  own  strength  both  its  honor  and  its  vital 
interest.  "  The  most  important  lesson  for  the 
United  States  to  learn  from  the  present  war 
is  the  vital  need  that  it  shall  at  once  take  steps 
thus  to  prepare."  The  preparation  which 
the  author  advocates  includes  the  immediate 
strengthening  of  the  navy,  the  enlargement  of 
the  regular  army  and  the  establishment  of 
a  reserve,  and  the  inauguration  of  a  certain 
amount  of  military  training  for  all  the  young 
men  of  the  country,  after  the  manner  prac- 
ticed in  Switzerland. 

A  more  temperate  plea  on  the  same  lines  is 
contained  in  General  Greene's  "  Present  Mili- 
tary Situation  in  the  United  States."  This 
little  book  consists  principally  of  an  address 
delivered  some  months  ago  in  Portland,  Maine, 
at  the  request  of  the  Economic  Club  of  that 
city.  In  it  the  author  recognizes  that  the  hab- 
itual indisposition  of  the  American  people  to 
think  seriously  upon  the  question  of  national 
defense  has  been  both  natural  and  inevitable. 
The  chances  of  war  have  ever  been,  as  they 
have  been  deemed,  remote,  and  social  and  eco- 
nomic problems  without  number  have  usually 
seemed  much  more  pressing.  Within  the  past 
months,  however,  as  was  true  in  1898,  our  peo- 
ple have  had  their  eyes  opened  to  the  fact,  not 
only  that  war  is  not  obsolete,  but  that  the 
United  States  may  well  be  less  immune  from 
its  ravages  than  had  been  supposed.  General 
Greene  asks  simply  that  the  occasion  be  taken 
advantage  of  to  reckon  up  the  facts  of  the 
existing  situation  and  to  derive  any  lessons 
that  may  be  contained  in  them.  "  There  is  no 
need,"  he  says,  "of  excitement  about  it,  no 
cause  for  hysteria.  We  do  not  need  and  will 
not  have  in  this  country  an  army  of  700,000 


men,  as  some  ill-balanced  enthusiasts  demand ; 
we  are  not  compelled  to,  and  we  will  not,  enter 
the  battleship  race  of  England  and  Germany. 
England  must  run  this  race  —  or  die.  We  are 
not  so  situated,  and  it  would  be  supreme  folly 
for  us  to  waste  our  resources  or  our  thoughts 
in  any  such  contest."  It  is  the  judgment  of 
the  author  that,  notwithstanding  the  happen- 
ings of  recent  months,  and  barring  a  clash 
with  Mexico,  which  would  amount  to  little 
more  than  the  exercise  of  police  duty  by  our 
present  forces,  the  possibility  of  a  war  in 
which  the  United  States  should  be  engaged  is 
still  remote.  From  Japan  there  is,  he  believes, 
very  little  danger;  at  any  rate,  if  war  with 
that  country  comes,  it  will  be  "  made  in  Amer- 
ica." Still,  there  is  a  possibility  of  a  Japanese 
clash,  even  as  there  is  an  insignificant  chance 
of  a  conflict  with  one  or  both  of  the  other  two 
nations  "whose  attack  would  be  serious"  — 
Germany  and  Great  Britain.  Arbitration  has 
been  proved  to  be  not  a  cure-all.  And,  despite 
present  appearances,  we  must  yet  believe  that 
military  preparedness,  up  to  a  certain  point, 
does  in  the  long  run  operate  to  prevent  war. 
The  conclusion  at  which  the  author  arrives  is 
that  Congress,  supported  by  the  sentiment  of 
the  country,  should  accede  to  the  requests  con- 
tained in  the  last  annual  report  of  Secretary 
Garrison  by  increasing  the  mobile  forces  to 
50,000  men  and  by  taking  the  first  steps 
toward  the  creation  of  a  reserve.  To  any  per- 
son desiring  a  temperate  and  well-informed 
presentation  of  our  actual  military  status,  such 
as  can  be  read  and  pondered  over  at  a  sitting, 
this  book  can  be  commended. 

A  volume  traversing  similar  ground,  but  in 
a  sketchy  and  somewhat  frivolous  manner,  is 
Mr.  Howard  D.  Wheeler's  "Are  We  Ready? " 
The  contents  may  have  served  some  purpose 
when  printed  as  a  series  of  articles  in 
"Harper's  Weekly,"  but  they  were  hardly 
worth  reproducing  in  book  form.  If  one  cares 
for  an  imaginative  record  of  an  attack  on  New 
York  by  "the  enemy,"  lent  vividness  by  a 
lurid  picture  of  Madison  Square  "  after  an 
aerial  raid,"  one  will  find  it  here. 

The  writers  of  the  volumes  thus  far  men- 
tioned agree  that  at  some  time,  and  from  some 
source,  the  United  States  may  be  involved  in 
a  great  war.  Professor  Usher  assumes  more 
confidently  the  role  of  the  prophet  and  boldly 
givesi  his  newest  book  the  sub-title,  "A  Forecast 
of  the  Inevitable  Clash  between  the  United 
States  and  Europe's  Victor."  The  United 
States,  he  tells  us,  is  now  facing  a  crisis  with- 
out parallel  in  her  history  since  the  signing  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence.  It  is  not 
the  causes  of  the  European  war  that  concern 
us.  It  is  the  ending  of  it ;  for,  "  whatever  the 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


339 


result  of  this  war  may  be,  whoever  wins  it, 
whenever  it  ends,  the  victor  will  be  able  to 
threaten  the  United  States,  and,  if  he  chooses, 
to  challenge  our  supremacy  in  the  Western 
Hemisphere."  The  decision  which  the  United 
States  makes  in  relation  to  the  questions  thus 
suddenly  thrust  upon  her  is  to  be  big  with 
consequences.  These  questions,  we  are  told, 
cannot  be  evaded.  There  was  a  time  when  the 
country  was  defended  by  its  isolation  rather 
than  by  armies,  and  when  we  had  little  or  no 
motive  for  interfering  in  international  poli- 
tics. That  day  is  past.  Distance  has  been 
annihilated,  and  with  the  extension  of  our 
economic  interests  so  that  they  cover  the  entire 
world  the  pursuit  of  firm  and  even  aggressive 
policies  has  become  a  possibility,  if  not  a 
necessity.  The  United  States  has  been  drawn 
into  the  broad  current  of  international  affairs, 
and  cannot  expect  longer  to  enjoy  the  advan- 
tages of  aloofness.  The  great  bone  of  conten- 
tion is  to  be  Latin  America.  Of  the  two 
powers  which  alone,  so  far  as  America  is 
concerned,  can  be  victors  in  the  war,  Great 
Britain  and  Germany,  both  are  known  to  be  de- 
sirous of  monopolizing  Latin  American  trade ; 
and  both,  in  the  event  of  triumph  in  the  pres- 
ent conflict,  may  be  expected  to  be  greedy  for 
political  dominion  south  of  Panama.  With 
the  victor  the  United  States  will  inevitably  be 
brought  into  conflict,  and  if  there  shall  not  be 
war  there  will  be,  at  the  least,  grave  danger 
of  it.  To  have  war  it  will  not  be  necessary  for 
the  United  States  to  become  an  aggressor ;  she 
will  need  only  to  seek  to  maintain  her  present 
policy  of  trade  extension  and  political  hege- 
mony. The  question  of  what,  precisely,  the 
United  States  should  do  in  the  emergency  that 
now  confronts  her  is  propounded  forcefully 
and  discussed  at  much  length  but  not  fully 
answered.  At  least,  it  is  answered  negatively. 
We  are  told  that  "we  need  not  conclude  of 
necessity  that  armament  is  our  true  recourse  " ; 
although  the  whole  drift  of  the  author's  argu- 
ment leads  to  the  conclusion  that  the  defense 
of  the  nation's  economic  interests  means  a 
readiness  to  use  force,  and  force  means  arma- 
ment. Another  suggested  course  is  the  organiz- 
ing of  a  close  Pan-American  Confederation  to 
protect  the  Western  Hemisphere  against  Eu- 
rope's aggressor ;  yet  in  a  succession  of  chap- 
ters which  form  the  most  carefully  considered 
portion  of  the  book  there  is  demonstrated  in 
convincing  manner  (if  it  required  demonstra- 
tion) the  fact  that  differences  of  race,  man- 
ners, and  temperament  are  so  fundamental  as 
to  preclude  entirely  the  practicability  of  this 
plan.  Of  criticisms  which  suggest  themselves 
to  the  reader,  the  most  important  relates  to 
Professor  Usher's  propensity  for  strong,  and 


even   startling,  statements.     It  is  true  that 
assertions  hardly  less  startling  made  in  an 
i  earlier  book  have  been  verified  beyond  all  rea- 
j  sonable  expectation  by  the  recent  course  of 
{  events;  also  that  in  an  appendix  to  the  pres- 
ent work  Mr.  Usher  acknowledges  freely  the 
necessary  tentativeness  of  much  of  that  which 
is   said   in    the   discussion    of   contemporary 
affairs.    Nevertheless,  in  many  portions  of  the 
text  the  fault  of  incautious  statement  appears. 
Issue  may  be  taken  with  many  specific  asser- 
tions made.     In  respect  to  the  methods  by 
which  her  territorial  dominion  has  been  built 
i  up,  the  United  States  is  given  a  bill  which  is 
i  too  clean  to  be  true.    And  in  relation  to  the 
|  major  premise  of  the  book  one  may  query 
whether,  after  all,  the  war  is  likely  to  "  destroy 
that  close  balance  of  power  in  Europe  upon 
which  our  past  immunity  from  European  in- 
terference has  in  large  measure  rested";   in 
other  words,  whether  there  will  arise  from  the 
conflict  any  one  "victor"  so  supremely  tri- 
umphant as  to  be  disposed  to  cast  about  at 
once,  or  soon,  for  a  fresh  field  of  conquest. 
There  would  seem  to  be  a  considerable  chance 
that  the  ultimate  outcome  of  the  war  will  be 
so  inconclusive  that  the  American  situation 
will  not  be  greatly  affected  by  it. 

Among  books  written  by  Americans  upon 
the  war  in  its  more  purely  European  aspects, 
one  of  rather  unique  character  is  Mr.  James 
M.  Beck's  "  The  Evidence  in  the  Case."  Mr. 
Beck  is  a  lawyer,  and  he  was  a  short  while  ago 
Assistant  Attorney-General  of  the  United 
States.  In  the  present  book  he  has  brought  to 
bear  his  legal  temperament  and  talent  upon 
the  much  discussed  question  of  the  moral  re- 
sponsibility for  the  war.  He  enumerates  his 
roster  of  witnesses  —  the  sovereigns,  diplo- 
matic representatives,  ministers,  and  other 
official  spokesmen  of  the  various  belligerent 
nations.  He  then  presents  the  record  in  the 
case, —  that  is,  the  White  Books,  Yellow  Books, 
Gray  Books,  etc.,  and  takes  some  account  of 
the  question  of  suppressed  evidence.  Finally, 
he  examines  critically  the  evidence  and  ar- 
rives at  conclusions  concerning  all  of  the  im- 
portant episodes  and  interchanges  of  the  weeks 
in  which  the  war  was  started.  The  judgment 
rendered  is  wholly  adverse  to  Germany  and 
Austria,  and  doubtless  by  the  partisans  of 
those  powers  it  will  be  pronounced  unsup- 
ported and  unjustifiable.  It  may  be  agreed 
that  it  bears  an  appearance  of  conclusiveness 
which  neither  Mr.  Beck  nor  any  other  man  can 
really  attain  at  the  present  juncture.  Years, 
and  probably  decades,  will  elapse  before  all 
the  evidence  will  be  available  and  before  the 
"  supreme  court  of  civilization  "  will  render 
its  final  verdict  upon  the  issues  involved. 


340 


THE   DIAL 


[April  29 


There  have  been  published  several  other 
American  books  less  judicial  in  tone  and  simi- 
larly anti-German.  One  is  Mr.  Frederick  W. 
Whitridge's  "One  American's  Opinion  of  the 
European  War,"  which  is  taken  up  chiefly  with 
an  explanation  of  the  failure  of  the  German  ap- 
peals for  American  sympathy.  Another  is  the 
anonymous  volume,  "  Can  Germany  "Win  ? " 
The  author  of  it,  we  are  told,  is  an  American 
citizen  who  has  "  constantly  been  back  and 
forth  to  Germany  since  the  beginning  of  the 
war."  The  answer  given  to  the  question  raised 
in  the  title  is  that,  while  Germany  can  win,  and 
while  she  has  unsuspected  strength,  the  Allies 
also  can  win,  provided  England  shall  nerve 
herself  to  bear  the  brunt  of  the  struggle.  The 
author  predicts  that  the  war  will  be  prolonged 
—  that  before  it  ends  "there  will  have  to  be 
put  in  the  field  armies  which  are  as  yet  unre- 
cruited  and  guns  the  designs  for  which  have 
not  yet  been  made." 

In  his  book  entitled  "  The  War  and  Amer- 
ica," published  last  autumn,  Professor  Miin- 
sterberg  gave  expression  to  his  well-known 
views  concerning  the  righteousness  of  the 
cause  of  his  native  land  in  the  conflict  now  in 
progress.  In  a  volume  just  off  the  press, 
"  The  Peace  and  America,"  he  returns  to  the 
subject  and  renews  his  plea  for  a  change  of 
attitude  on  the  part  of  Americans  toward 
German  statecraft,  and  especially  toward  the 
German  Emperor.  Intention  or  desire  to  be 
scholarly  is  specifically  disclaimed,  and  only  a 
purpose  to  be  sincere  is  affirmed.  Of  sincerity 
the  book  bears  satisfactory  evidence.  But  the 
fact  remains  that  it  is  simply  a  piece  of  special 
pleading,  and  that  it  can  hardly  be  expected  to 
change  the  opinions  of  any  thinking  person. 
It  exhibits  an  irrepressible  tendency  to  glorify 
Germany  and  everything  German ;  while  non- 
German  nations  and  peoples  come  off  with 
mention  only  of  their  shortcomings.  Such 
writing  can  have  little  interest  save  as  a  dem- 
onstration of  how  unscientific  a  scientific  man, 
upon  occasion,  can  be ;  and  demonstrations  of 
this  sort  of  thing  have  grown  so  numerous 
within  the  past  six  months  that  they  may  be 
supposed  to  have  lost  their  power  to  cause 
surprise  or  comment. 

Finally  may  be  mentioned  a  book  of  very 
different  character,  Mr.  Elbert  F.  Baldwin's 
"  The  World  War."  Mr.  Baldwin  was  in  Eu- 
rope at  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  and  his  book 
comprises  virtually  a  record  of  the  occurrences 
that  came  under  his  observation  as  he  moved 
from  place  to  place,  first  on  the  Continent  and 
later  in  England.  Many  chapters  of  the  vol- 
ume were  published  in  "  The  Outlook  "  shortly 
after  the  events  which  they  recount  took  place. 
To  one  who  desires  a  light  sketch,  in  diary 


form,  of  the  earlier  stages  of  the  conflict,  the 
book  may  be  commended.  It  comprises,  not  at 
all  a  history,  but  an  interesting  record  of  the 
impressions  which  Europe  assembling  in  arms 
made  upon  a  well-informed  and  conscientious 
American  observer. 

FREDERIC  AUSTIN  OGG. 


SOME  VARIED  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO 
PSYCHOLOGY.* 


The  accumulations  upon  a  reviewer's  table, 
with  their  chance  conjunctions  and  opposi- 
tions, may  at  a  favorable  moment  reflect  the 
active  trends  and  movements  in  the  selected 
sphere  of  knowledge,  and  in  so  far  be  pro- 
phetic of  its  future  development.  In  psychol- 
ogy, the  salient  impression  is  one  of  diversity 
—  a  symptom  of  fertility.  The  psychological 
spirit  is  permeating  inquiry  in  domains  out- 
side the  psychological  territory,  and  is  assum- 
ing new  forms  within  it.  In  the  technical  field, 
more  critically  conducted,  more  elaborately 
equipped,  and  more  ambitiously  conceived 
projects  are  under  way.  Applications  to  edu- 
cation and  to  vocational  pursuits  are  promi- 
nent, while  the  amplification  of  the  first  aids 
and  the  more  advanced  guides  to  the  psycho- 
logically inquisitive  proceeds  with  the  multi- 
plication of  chairs  and  students. 

The  most  notable  recent  contribution  is  Mr. 
Shand's  book,  "The  Foundations  of  Charac- 
ter: A  Study  of  the  Tendencies  of  the  Emo- 
tions and  the  Sentiments."  Those  familiar 
with  this  writer's  able  papers  in  the  English 
philosophical  journals  will  realize  the  value  of 
the  systematic  statement  of  his  illuminating 
conceptions.  The  position  implied  by  several 
psychologists,  and  nearly  articulate  in  James, 
was  first  distinctly  enunciated  by  Mr.  Shand 
and  disseminated  by  its  incorporation  into 
Mr.  MacDougall's  "  Social  Psychology."  The 
principle  is  that  the  emotions  and  the  instincts 
of  response  form  a  mutually  illuminating  and 
unitary  system  of  expression  and  direction. 

*  THE  FOUNDATIONS  OF  CHARACTER  :  A  Study  of  the  Tenden- 
cies of  the  Emotions  and  the  Sentiments.  By  Alexander  F. 
Shand.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

BEHAVIOR.  An  Introduction  to  Comparative  Psychology.  By 
John  B.  Watson.  New  York :  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY  OF  EVERYDAY  LIFE.  By  Sigmund  Freud, 
LL.D. ;  translated  from  the  German,  with  Introduction,  by 
A.  A.  Brill.  M.D.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

FEEBLE-MINDEDNESS.  Its  Causes  and  Consequences.  By 
Henry  Herbert  Goddard,  Ph.D.  Illustrated.  New  York :  The 
Macmillan  Co. 

SCHOOL  TRAINING  OF  DEFECTIVE  CHILDREN.  By  Henry  H. 
Goddard.  Yonkers-on-Hudson  :  World  Book  Co. 

THK  MENTAL  HEALTH  OF  THE  SCHOOL  CHILD.  By  J.  E. 
Wallace  Wallin,  Ph.D.  New  Haven :  Yale  University  Press. 

RELIGIOUS  CONFESSIONS  AND  CONFESSANTS.  With  a  Chapter 
on  the  History  of  Introspection.  By  Anna  Robeson  Burr. 
Boston :  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 

THE  GREAT  SOCIETY.  A  Psychological  Analysis.  By  Gra- 
ham Wallas.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

PSYCHOLOGY,  General  and  Applied.  By  Hugo  Munsterberg. 
New  York :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

INTRODUCTION  TO  GENERAL  PSYCHOLOGY.  By  R.  M.  Ogden. 
New  York :  Longmans,  Green  &  Co. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


341 


Fear  is  emotionally  the  flight  (or  other  pro- 
tective) response  instinctively ;  anger  emotion- 
ally is  in  terms  of  impulse  a  harder  and  more 
determined  assault.  With  this  clue  the  emo- 
tional nature  finds  its  map  in  the  organized 
impulses.  But  the  boundaries,  though  largely 
natural  features,  are  promptly  rearranged  by 
the  acquired  affiliations  of  the  psychological 
realm.  The  wealth  of  impulses  is  their  embar- 
rassment and  their  redemption.  Fusion  and 
competitions  enter  with  increasing  levels  of 
complication.  Most  distinctively  the  emotions 
are  played  upon  by  intellectual  elements  and 
the  products  of  their  elaboration.  Emotions 
thus  mature  as  sentiments,  and  in  that  expan- 
sion find  an  outlet  and  the  direction  of  their 
growth.  Here  and  here  alone,  as  the  founda- 
tion of  the  psychical  life,  is  established  also  the 
foundation  of  character, —  its  only  authentic 
psychological  basis.  Character  is  the  total 
aspect  of  the  organization  of  the  endowment, 
and  its  focus  is  in  the  emotional  life.  A  cen- 
tral point  in  the  elaboration  of  this  position  is 
the  clustering  tendency  of  emotions  and  im- 
pulses,—  the  manifold  outlets  and  interactions 
of  psychic  trends.  Such  organization  produces 
the  system  of  the  emotions  and  the  system  of 
the  sentiments.  Emotions  are  primary  as  they 
stand  close  to  the  definite  regulation  of  vital 
responses  or  participate  in  their  regulation, 
while  about  this  original  centre  develop  the 
supporting  trends  in  ever-enlarging  spheres  of 
influence.  In  the  secondary  field  lie  the  nice- 
ties of  psychological  issues  and  the  actual  arena 
of  human  qualities.  With  this  admirable  pro- 
gramme, Mr.  Shand  has  formulated  a  strong 
statement.  Yet  the  source  of  its  strength  is 
also  in  a  measure  a  hindrance,  in  that  the  fer- 
tility of  the  theme  has  produced  an  expansion 
of  the  material  quite  legitimate  and  interest- 
ing but  confusing.  The  book  is  really  three  in 
one :  a  statement  of  the  psychological  develop- 
ment of  character  and  its  central  emotional 
basis ;  a  descriptive  and  analytical  account  of 
the  varieties  of  emotional  functioning;  and  a 
diagnostic  elaboration  of  the  finer  "  aesthetic  " 
responsiveness  of  the  sophisticated,  particu- 
larly the  moral  agent.  Each  of  these  interests 
is  well  sustained,  yet  the  singleness  of  purpose 
suffers.  Keen  diagnosis  and  suggestive  dis- 
tinctions abound,  and  illustrations  that  really 
illustrate  support  an  argument  that  is  always 
adroitly  handled.  Yet  so  many  principles  are 
formulated,  so  many  excursions  (some  of  them 
discursive:  hence  a  volume  of  five  hundred 
pages)  are  undertaken  that  the  trail  is  readily 
lost  unless  the  reader  is  as  keen  in  following  as 
the  writer  in  leading.  The  value  of  the  volume 
lies  in  its  psychological  contribution  to  the 
analysis  of  the  emotional  life  —  as  a  support  of 


character  —  on  the  basis  of  an  illuminating, 
clear,  and  definite  analysis.  Its  place  in  the 
standard  literature  of  psychology  is  assured. 

Professor  Watson's  volume  sounds  the 
"  Behaviorist "  note  as  a  challenge  to  the  con- 
servative psychologist.  It  also  presents  the 
results  of  careful  research  on  animal  responses, 
and  a  review  of  the  present  status  of  compara- 
tive psychology.  To  the  behaviorist,  the  stone 
which  the  builders  rejected  has  indeed  become 
the  corner-stone  of  the  temple.  If  psychology 
will  realize  that  consciousness  is  as  dispensable 
as  the  soul,  and  if  psychologists  will  experi- 
ment upon  men  as  the  behaviorists  do  upon 
animals,  some  practical  results  will  be  availa- 
ble and  the  lessons  of  psychology  be  respected. 
In  the  experimental  field  the  series  of  re- 
searches reviewed,  digested,  and  interpreted 
show  more  convincingly  than  has  yet  been  done 
how  rigid  must  be  the  conditions  upon  which 
sound  conclusions  may  be  drawn,  especially 
when  the  object  is  to  determine  not  alone  how 
animals  behave  but  upon  what  orders  and 
varieties  of  distinctions  their  distinctive  be- 
havior is  founded.  The  technique  involved  in 
determining  the  color-perceptions  of  animals, 
and  in  registering  the  manner  of  their  learn- 
ing their  way  through  a  maze,  is  an  admirable 
example  of  the  logical  rigor  of  modern  psychol- 
ogy. Professor  Watson  is  an  equally  trust- 
worthy guide  in  interpretation.  His  account 
of  the  highest  forms  of  training  yet  reached  in 
the  animal  mind  is  highly  to  be  commended. 
It  includes  consideration  of  the  marvellous 
horses  whose  performances  are  recorded  in 
weighty  volumes,  the  trained  dogs  that  find 
equally  enthusiastic  champions,  and  the  en- 
gaging chimpanzee  whose  anthropoid  manners 
are  quite  deceptive.  Yet  all  these  stories  carry 
a  wholly  different  flavor  and  bearing  when 
analyzed  by  the  critical  psychologist  than 
when  told  by  the  proud  trainer.  The  source 
of  the  satisfaction  in  believing  that  one's  own 
dog  or  horse  or  chimpanzee  can  do  what  no 
other  horse  or  dog  or  chimpanzee  can  do,  is 
itself  a  psychological  trait  worthy  of  explana- 
tion. If  one  contrasts  this  masterly  study  of 
Professor  Watson's  with  such  books  —  equally 
representative  in  their  day  —  as  those  of  Bo- 
manes,  one  appreciates  the  important  advances 
which  this  phase  of  the  study  of  mind  (or,  to 
satisfy  the  behaviorists,  conduct)  has  made  in 
recent  years. 

No  more  striking  contrast  to  the  direct  ob- 
jectivism of  the  behaviorists  could  be  found 
than  the  involved  subjectivism  of  the  Freudian 
tendency  in  psychology.  Dr.  Freud's  thesis 
has  become  a  common  topic  of  informal  as  well 
as  informed  conversation,  while  the  practice  of 
psycho-analysis  caters  to  the  interests  of  those 


342 


THE   DIAL 


[  April  29 


fond  of  viewing  personal  details  in  an  engag- 
ing light.  The  thesis  holds  that  trifles  are 
significant  because  uncensored,  and  that  the 
mind  is  a  maze  of  suppressed  and  distorted 
motives ;  that  lapses  are  not  accidents  but  re- 
pressions, usually  with  a  sex  clue;  that  dis- 
agreeable things  are  put  out  of  the  mind  to 
hide  the  trace  of  our  guilt,  though  it  will  out 
when  the  psycho-analyst  gets  you.  Dr.  Freud's 
"  Psychopathology  of  Everyday  Life  "  is  now 
accessible  in  a  good  translation  made  by  Dr. 
A.  A.  Brill  of  New  York,  a  prominent  repre- 
sentative of  the  Freudian  practitioners.  The 
volume  carries  the  thesis  to  such  common  inci- 
dents as  forgetting  a  name,  a  foreign  word,  an 
impression ;  as  mis-speaking  and  mis- writing ; 
as  doing  things  unintentionally,  or  other  types 
of  lapses,  faults,  and  habits.  In  all  these  there 
is  method  in  one's  momentary  madness,  the 
secret  of  which  lies  in  the  unconscious  and 
unsuspected  if  not  disowned  past,  which  is 
retired  in  the  interests  of  the  present.  The 
thesis  is  attractive,  though  the  details  are  often 
tedious ;  some  parts  of  the  book  read  like  the 
inflated  notes  of  an  ingenious  mind.  But  is 
this  the  true  picture  of  the  normal  course  of 
the  mind's  daily  habit ;  and  are  we  deceivers 
ever,  for  lack  of  better  subjects  deceiving  our- 
selves? Doubtless  privacy  is  essential  to  psy- 
chical complexity,  and  reticence  grows  even  to 
an  obsession  in  an  ingrown  mind.  But  to  ban- 
ish the  casual  from  psychology  is  to  deny  it 
small  talk  and  vacations,  and  to  make  recrea- 
tion a  misnomer.  A  jest,  it  is  true,  often  masks 
a  deeper  purpose;  and  yet  the  spirit  of  it  is 
for  the  most  part  just  fun.  If  sleep  were 
always  a  sojourn  in  a  chamber  of  Freudian 
dreams,  it  might  be  more  restful  to  remain 
awake;  while  with  the  best  of  intentions  and 
an  adequate  psychological  insight  many  a  psy- 
chologist can  find  in  his  own  errors  and  slips 
and  gaucheries  nothing  but  stupidity,  defec- 
tive observation,  brain  wandering,  and  the 
idlest  of  fancies.  That  a  slight  tinge  of  abnor- 
mality may  readily  give  the  mind  a  Freudian 
twist,  or  that  an  intellectual  over-introspec- 
tiveness  not  quite  adequately  supported  by 
critical  control  may  do  the  same,  is  a  plausible 
view.  But  that  such  an  occasional  interlude 
dominates  or  does  anything  but  intrude  seems 
questionable.  To  certain  temperaments,  be- 
tween the  dark  and  the  daylight  of  health  or 
mood  there  comes  a  lull  in  the  mind's  occupa- 
tion that  is  known  as  the  Freudian  hour. 

As  painstaking  as  the  studies  of  animal  be- 
havior are  the  records  of  the  feeble-minded 
contained  in  Dr.  Henry  H.  Goddard's  authori- 
tative volume.  The  conspicuous  lesson  of  the 
three  hundred  and  more  cases  of  mental  defect 
here  recorded  is  the  inevitably  hereditary  char- 


acter of  the  taint,  and  to  a  remarkable  degree 
(considering  the  complexity  of  the  data)  their 
conformity  to  the  requirements  of  Mendelian 
heredity.  The  defect  is  of  many  degrees,  and 
is  best  expressed  by  the  mental  age  as  revealed 
by  special  tests  and  general  conduct.  The  idiot 
has  the  mentality  of  a  three-year  old  or  even  of 
a  less  mature  child ;  imbecility  carries  on  the 
development  to  six  or  seven  years;  while  the 
lighter  grades  of  defect  and  the  moron  show  an 
irregular  capacity  comparable  in  many  re- 
spects to  that  of  a  normal  child  of  nine,  ten,  or 
eleven  years.  Here  development  stops,  though 
physical  growth  (itself  at  times  stunted)  con- 
tinues. Some  cases  deceive  even  the  expert 
teacher,  and  encourage  him  to  look  for  a  nearly 
normal  issue,  when  progress  sets  in ;  but  there 
is  always  disappointment  in  the  end.  The 
story  stops  and  the  limitations  of  heredity  are 
final.  The  moral  of  the  silk  purse  and  the 
sow's  ear  remains.  This  lesson  is  an  unwel- 
come one  to  an  optimistic  democracy,  to  which 
opportunity  is  a  solvent  or  a  magic  potion, 
and  native  ability  a  disturbing  intrusion  into 
a  well-ordered  society  of  unobtrusive  equals. 
The  lesson  may  be  extended:  for  it  implies 
that  for  every  score  of  high-grade  defectives, 
there  must  be  hundreds  of  just  higher  endow- 
ment who  form  the  great  armies  of  the  dull 
and  dense  to  whom  the  work  of  the  world  must 
be  adjusted.  It  is  the  poor  in  intelligence  that 
we  shall  always  have  with  us.  The  problem  of 
incompetence  is  scarcely  as  serious  to  the  social 
philanthropist  as  the  problem  of  crime,  so 
much  of  which  is  due  to  mental  defect.  A 
high-grade  defective  leads  a  safe  life  in  the 
sheltered  environment  of  the  Vineland  School ; 
the  environment  of  a  city  dooms  him  utterly ; 
and  society  pays  the  bill  in  the  cost  of  crime 
and  institutional  care.  In  this  field  the  eu- 
genic argument  is  convincing ;  if  we  cannot  as 
yet  secure  the  best  parentage,  we  can  cut  off 
the  worst.  Dr.  Goddard's  tables  are  illumi- 
nating, as  are  in  general  his  interpretations  of 
the  several  conditions  which  aggravate  the 
menace  of  mental  defect.  The  modern  note 
dominates  the  volume,  giving  it  the  flavor  of  a 
laboratory  study,  a  case  record,  or  a  field 
report. 

Dr.  Goddard  has  also  reported  upon  the  pro- 
visions for  "  The  School  Training  of  Defective 
Children,"  and  the  means  to  be  taken  for  their 
recognition  and  special  consideration  in  the 
public  schools.  Dr.  Wallace  Wallin's  volume  on 
"  The  Mental  Health  of  the  School  Child  "  con- 
tains a  series  of  careful  studies  (reprinted 
from  the  technical  magazines)  dealing  with 
special  aspects  of  the  educational  and  the  psy- 
chological questions  that  arise  in  the  care  and 
study  of  the  mentally  defective.  Special  at- 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


343 


tention  is  directed  to  the  hereditary  aspects  of 
the  problems  (eugenics),  and  to  the  corrective 
measures  (euthenics),  that  promise  the  relief 
of  these  unfortunate  conditions  inherent  in  the 
distribution  of  human  quality. 

The  very  title  of  Mrs.  Burr's  book,  "  Relig- 
ious Confessions  and  Confessants,"  seems  a 
refutal  of  the  Freudian  principles  of  suppres- 
sion, yet  it  is  actually  its  complement.  For  the 
relief  which  the  psycho-analyst  releases  is  by 
way  of  confession, —  by  way  of  a  verbal  ex- 
plicitness  which,  like  the  flow  of  tears,  finds  a 
vent  for  pent-up  tension.  Nature  and  religion 
are  sympathetic  psychologists.  Mrs.  Burr's 
essay  is  an  able  venture  in  a  difficult  field.  It 
requires  a  comprehensive  historical  grasp  of 
the  moving  centuries  and  the  setting  which 
they  give  to  the  documents  in  the  case,  and  a 
psychological  grasp  of  the  underlying  affinities 
of  expression  and  mood,  despite  the  local  color 
and  the  imposed  limitations  of  their  origin. 
The  result  is  a  contribution  of  sterling  value. 
The  written  confession  is  a  phase  of  the  auto- 
biographical intention  (the  subject  of  an  ear- 
lier volume  by  Mrs.  Burr)  which,  if  carried  out 
with  Dantesque  singleness  of  purpose,  would 
approach  the  inviolable  sanctity  of  the  psycho- 
analytic moment.  The  tenuous  duplicity  is 
involved  in  the  intention  to  be  read, —  in  the 
extreme  reaching  Heine's  satirical  view  of 
feminine  writers  who  are  described  as  having 
one  eye  on  the  manuscript  and  the  other  on  a 
man.  The  religious  confessant  has  least  temp- 
tation to  be  a  poseur;  for  despite  the  protean 
type,  he  or  she  has  the  courage  of  self-knowl- 
edge that  divides  between  the  lure  of  introspec- 
tion and  the  shriving  self-communion.  The 
most  naive  or  candid  or  healthy-minded  (as 
James  would  say)  of  the  confessants  are  the 
Gurneys  (one  of  the  many  Quaker  records 
which  Mrs.  Burr  has  incorporated  in  her  re- 
searches), for  whom  meditating  and  journal- 
izing were  the  family  dogmas ;  the  young  ladies 
of  the  family  intermingle  reflection  upon  God 
and  a  future  state  with  attention  to  very 
worldly  and  innocent  pleasures.  The  central 
portion  of  the  volume  is  inductive,  and  pre- 
sents an  array  of  data  the  interpretation  of 
which,  despite  the  contrasting  setting  of  time 
and  place  and  religious  affiliation,  results  in 
an  orderly  set  of  conclusions.  The  correlation 
of  feeble  health  with  introspective  intensity  is 
clear,  as  is  also  the  special  relation  of  periods 
of  decline  in  physical  vigor  with  moments  of 
conversion.  The  encouragement  of  the  environ- 
ment, the  strong  hereditary  trend,  the  precipi- 
tation of  the  crisis  by  gripping  experiences, 
the  vestigial  character  of  the  manifestations, 
the  influence  of  the  group  contagion, —  all  these 
play  a  part  in  the  genesis  of  the  varieties  of 


religious  experience  of  which  the  confessions 
are  an  expression.  The  trends  that  lead  to 
mysticism,  to  introspective  indulgence,  to  an 
ascetic  self-castigation,  as  well  as  those  illus- 
trating the  abnormal  hazards  of  the  mind 
(such  as  the  witchcraft  confessions  and  accusa- 
tions) ,  further  extend  the  scope  of  the  inquiry. 
By  a  discerning  combination  of  the  inductive 
method  —  so  variously  fruitful  in  modern  psy- 
chology —  with  a  sympathetic  insight  into  the 
significance  of  very  complex  phases  of  the 
inner  life  conferred  by  a  well-trained  histori- 
cal sense,  Mrs.  Burr  has  made  a  valuable  con- 
tribution to  the  psychology  of  the  religious 
life. 

The  strong  if  not  dominant  sociological 
trend  in  recent  psychology  is  well  represented 
by  Mr.  Graham  Wallas's  "  The  Great  Society," 
which  he  properly  terms  "A  Psychological 
Analysis."  The  "  great  society  "  is  the  result 
of  the  radical  reconstruction  of  the  forces  of 
social  control  brought  about  by  the  extension 
of  mechanical  aids  and  economic  development 
and  the  insight  into  the  forces  responsible 
for  human  progress.  Conscious  evolution  has 
replaced  subconscious  strivings  and  groping 
subjection  to  forces  beyond  control  because 
beyond  the  ken  of  attained  comprehension. 
What  remains  permanent  is  the  dominance  of 
the  fundamental  psychological  trends  which 
have  brought  mankind  slowly  to  the  present 
stage.  Habit,  fear,  pleasure  and  pain,  the  so- 
cial impulses  leading  to  love  and  hatred,  and 
the  trend  of  thought  intertwining  weakly 
among  them  and  in  later  stages  supporting  the 
total  growth, —  these  were  and  are  the  actual 
forces  competing  in  society  for  expression  and 
organization.  As  one  or  another  of  these  origi- 
nal trends  is  made  central,  there  arise  "  habit " 
societies  and  a  "  habit "  psychology  among  the 
students  of  human  affairs ;  similarly  a  "  fear  " 
society  and  a  "  fear  "  psychology ;  a  "  sympa- 
thy" society  and  a  "sympathy"  psychology; 
a  "  thought "  society  and  a  "  thought "  psychol- 
ogy. Mr.  Wallas's  volume  is  a  popular  one, 
and  the  theme  is  reduced  to  the  sharp  contrasts 
alone  possible  when  a  coarse  brush  is  used.  The 
effect  is  impressionistic  but  strong.  It  is  signifi- 
cant that  a  student  of  society  finds  it  essential 
to  present  his  views  on  the  basis  of  a  careful 
psychological  analysis  of  the  motive  sources  of 
human  conduct;  though  it  must  be  admitted 
that  his  strong  interest  in  social  trends  of  the 
day  make  his  transitions  from  principle  to  con- 
clusion somewhat  violent  or  detached.  We  all 
look  upon  the  tendencies  operative  here  and 
now  through  the  powerful  microscope  of  prac- 
tical interest ;  the  corrective  of  the  large  evolu- 
tionary distance  is  indispensable.  Mr.  Wallas's 
practical  motive  is  to  influence  opinion  in  the 


344 


THE   DIAL 


[April  29 


organization  of  thought  and  will.  The  sociolo- 
gist often  runs  away  with  the  psychologist.  It 
is  important  that  a  book  of  this  type  shall  be 
available,  because  so  many  persons  are  busy 
with  one  or  another  aspect  of  the  problem  of 
social  control,  and  these  require  a  presenta- 
tion suitable  to  their  needs  and  habits  of  com- 
prehension. In  the .  psychological  view,  the 
European  catastrophe  (which,  by  the  way,  is 
foreshadowed  by  Mr.  Wallas  with  a  startling 
prophetic  insight)  is  far  less  a  battle  of  arma- 
ments than  a  contest  of  ideals.  The  decision  at 
stake  is  the  perspective  of  importance  to  be 
assigned  to  the  directive  trends  of  human  na- 
ture in  the  socially  matured  system  under 
which  life  must  proceed. 

For  the  making  of  texts  in  psychology, 
classes  and  publishers  are  largely  responsible, 

—  unless  the  inadequacy  of  professors'  salary 
is  the  efficient  cause.    Such  texts  must  usually 
be  reviewed  from  the  pedagogical  aspect :  Will 
the  student  mind  accept  them  and  profit  by 
their  use  ?    It  is  safe  to  predict  that  whatever 
Professor  Miinsterberg  writes  will  reflect  the 
fertility  of  his  versatile  endowment  and  the 
comprehensiveness  of  his  command  of  the  sub- 
ject.   To  the  teacher  of  psychology  his  latest 
text-book  will  be  distinctly  helpful.     It  is  a 
well-sustained  presentation,  and  differs  from 
many  texts  in  its  inclusion  of  applied  psychol- 
ogy in  a  readable  survey  of  education,  law, 
medicine,  industry,  and  culture,  as  they  em- 
body psychological  principles  and  their  work- 
ings.   What  is  ordinarily  incidentally  noted  in 
connection  with  analysis  is  here  brought  to  a 
systematic  presentation.     As  for  the  adapta- 
bility of  the  text  to  the  student,  one  man's  view 
or  guess  is  doubtless  no  better  than  another's. 
It  seems  to  the  present  reviewer  that  the  stu- 
dent's reaction  to  this  type  of  text  will  be 
either  neutral  or  belligerent.     It  seems  pecu- 
liarly neglectful  of  the  psychology  of  the  stu- 
dent's mind ;  and  it  errs  in  one  essential  respect 

—  an  error  almost  scholastic  in  its  temper: 
namely,  the  insistence  upon  "methodology." 
The    division    of    "causal    psychology"    and 
"  purposive  psychology,"  the  contrast  of  "  the 
two  psychologies,"  is  the  very  basis  of  the  book. 
This  is  precisely  what  the  student  should  not 
be  troubled  with ;  it  is  the  teacher's  business  to 
conceal  the  fact  that  he  is  troubled  by  it  him- 
self.   It  is  in  despite  of  the  plan  of  the  volume, 
rather  than  by  virtue  of  it,  that  the  result  is 
valuable. 

Professor  Ogden  writes  his  "  Introduction  to 
General  Psychology  "  with  the  literal  purpose 
of  surveying  the  essentials  of  the  field  in  the 
briefest  possible  compass.  This  involves  a  sum- 
mary manner  throughout,  even  to  the  sugges- 
tion of  the  replacement  of  the  notes  which  a 


brilliant  student  might  adapt  to  his  own  pur- 
poses. With  the  purpose  so  definitely  con- 
ceived, and  the  position  (approximately  that 
of  the  Wiirzburg  movement  in  psychology) 
equally  pronounced,  the  execution  follows  the 
perspective  of  importance  which  the  several 
topics  are  assigned  in  the  instructor's  mind. 
The  divisions  are  clear :  an  analytical  review ; 
a  synthetic  construction ;  an  applicational  sur- 
vey. All  this  has  been  done  with  skill,  patience, 
discretion. 

A  survey,  like  the  present  review,  which  in- 
cludes in  one  sheaf  the  psychology  of  charac- 
ter, of  obscure  moments  in  every-day  life,  of 
religious  experience  in  autobiographical  data, 
of  the  defective  classes,  of  the  social  move- 
ments of  the  day  and  generation,  is  sufficient 
to  indicate  the  perplexities  of  the  writer  of 
texts  who  wishes  to  present  the  established 
doctrines  and  to  reflect  the  current  trends  of 
interest.  JOSEPH  JASTROW. 


RECENT  FICTION.* 

Mr.  Harrison  has  scored  again  with  "An- 
gela's Business,"  although  not  quite  as  effec- 
tively as  with  its  two  predecessors.  The  hero 
lives  in  some  idyllic  town  where  it  is  possible 
for  him  to  earn,  as  a  private  tutor,  not  merely 
a  living,  but  the  means  of  providing  for  a 
luxurious  apartment,  and  the  services  of  a 
private  secretary.  He  is  also  by  way  of  being 
a  writer  of  novels  and  short  stories,  but  as 
these  effusions  are  almost  invariably  returned 
to  him  with  complimentary  regrets  by  unap- 
preciative  editors  and  publishers,  they  do  not 
contribute  materially  to  the  elucidation  of  the 
economic  mystery  of  his  existence.  The  chief 
subject  of  his  researches  as  a  fictionist  is 
Woman,  which  he  thinks  he  understands  in  all 
its  manifestations,  and  he  jots  down  felicitous 
epigrams  about  it  as  they  occur  to  him.  He 
eventually  discovers  that  his  psychology  has 
been  superficial,  and  that  intimate  emotional 
relations  with  individual  specimens  of  the  sex 
must  enter  into  a  novelist's  equipment  before 
he  is  really  qualified  to  write  about  it.  His 
chief  personal  contacts  are  with  the  two  speci- 
mens Angela  and  Mary.  The  latter  is  a  some- 
what strenuous  creature  of  the  type  commonly 
known  as  "advanced,"  a  teacher  in  the  local 
high  school,  whose  chief  ambition  is  to  secure 
the  secretaryship  of  a  national  educational 
organization.  She  is  not  presented  in  a  very 
alluring  light,  whereas  Angela  is  charmingly 

*  ANGELA'S  BUSINESS.  By  Henry  Sydnor  Harrison.  Boston  : 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 

RUGGLES  OF  RED  GAP.  By  Harry  Leon  Wilson.  New  York : 
Doubleday,  Page  &  Co. 

WHO  GOES  THERE!  By  Robert  W.  Chambers.  New  York: 
D.  Appleton  &  Co. 

LITTLE  COMRADE.  A  Tale  of  the  Great  War.  By  Burton  E. 
Stevenson.  New  York :  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


345 


feminine  and  appealing.  Her  "  business,"  un- 
blushingly  avowed,  is  that  of  being  a  "  home- 
maker,"  which  means  that  she  is  primarily  bent 
upon  ensnaring  a  suitable  male  with  whose  aid 
to  construct  the  home  of  her  imaginings.  It 
looks  as  if  the  hero  were  destined  to  become 
her  prey,  but  Mary  is  the  one  who  finally  car- 
ries him  off,  a  success  to  which  we  are  not  alto- 
gether reconciled.  The  author  brings  this 
about  by  a  series  of  deft  moves  whereby  Mary 
grows  upon  us  and  Angela  grows  away  from 
us,  the  former  developing  hitherto  unsuspected 
qualities  of  womanliness,  while  the  latter  is 
revealed  as  the  embodiment  of  selfish  calcula- 
tion and  insincerity.  She  does  not  exactly 
appear  in  the  character  of  a  minx  or  a  cat,  but 
her  development  is  obviously  tending  in  that 
direction  at  the  time  when  the  hero  discovers 
that  Mary  is  the  realization  of  his  ideals,  and 
informs  her  of  the  conclusion  that  he  has 
reached.  The  manner  in  which  this  story  is 
related  is  sparkling  and  whimsical;  it  is  far 
from  being  a  remarkable  novel  in  any  serious 
sense,  but  it  is  undeniably  an  entertaining  one. 

"  Ruggles  of  Red  Gap,"  by  Mr.  Harry  Leon 
Wilson,  is  the  story  of  an  English  valet  trans- 
planted to  the  wilds  of  western  America.  His 
master,  the  Honorable  George  (surname  unin- 
dicated) ,  enticed  into  a  game  of  "  drawing 
poker  "  by  some  Americans  visiting  in  London, 
stakes  Ruggles  and  loses  him,  which  means 
that  the  valet  must  depart  with  his  new  master 
for  Red  Gap,  which  seems  to  be  a  metropolis 
situated  among  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The 
saying  that  men  change  their  skies  but  not 
their  souls  is  measurably  illustrated  by  Rug- 
gles's  career  in  his  new  surroundings,  but  he 
finds  himself,  despite  his  efforts  to  keep  his 
place,  elevated  by  circumstance  into  a  social 
position  of  some  consequence  in  Red  Gap,  and 
when  we  take  leave  of  him,  he  is  by  way  of 
developing  into  a  passable  imitation  of  an 
American  citizen.  His  experiences  are  sur- 
prising, and  often  farcical,  but  he  remains  un- 
perturbed by  a  rise  in  the  world  of  which  he 
could  not  have  dreamed  in  the  early  days  be- 
fore he  became  the  arbiter  elegantiarum  of 
Red  Gap  society.  The  story  abounds  in  a 
species  of  humor  of  which  the  following  is  a 
typical  specimen : 

u  I  gathered  at  once  that  the  Americans  have 
actually  named  one  of  our  colonies  '  Washington  ' 
after  the  rebel  George  Washington,  though  one 
would  have  thought  that  the  indelicacy  of  this 
would  have  been  only  too  apparent.  But,  then,  I 
recalled  as  well  the  city  where  their  so-called  par- 
liament assembles,  Washington,  D.  C.  Doubtless 
the  initials  indicate  that  it  was  named  in  '  honour ' 
of  another  member  of  this  notorious  family.  I 
could  not  but  reflect  how  shocked  our  King  would 
be  to  learn  of  this  effrontery." 


A  little  of  this  sort  of  thing  goes  a  long  way, 
and  such  humor  rather  palls  when  supplied  in 
the  generous  measure  with  which  Mr.  Wilson 
bestows  it  upon  us. 

It  will  be  a  long  time  before  we  get  the  real 
fiction  of  the  great  war  —  such  work,  for  ex- 
ample, as  "  Richard  Dehan  "  and  Mr.  Frederick 
Palmer  have  it  in  them  to  write.  Meanwhile, 
those  among  our  novelists  whose  aim  is  pri- 
marily entertainment  are  rapidly  seizing  the 
new  opportunity,  and  giving  us  episodical  tales 
of  essentially  private  and  sentimental  interest, 
having  the  war  as  a  decorative  background. 
Such  stories  are  the  "Who  Goes  There!"  of 
Mr.  Chambers  and  the  "Little  Comrade"  of 
Mr.  Stevenson.  The  former  is  the  more  serious 
and  full-bodied  of  the  two,  but  we  expect 
something  much  better  of  the  writer  to  whom 
we  owe  the  series  based  upon  the  Franco- 
Prussian  War  and  the  American  Revolution. 
Mr.  Chambers  puts  his  historical  judgments  of 
the  war  into  three  prefatory  pages  of  prose 
and  verse,  leaving  them  otherwise  to  be  in- 
ferred from  the  action  of  the  romance  that 
follows.  His  verse  yields  such  a  picture  as 
this  of  martyred  Belgium : 
"  Withered  the  magic  gardens  which  were  mine ; 
Eden,  in  embers,  blackens  in  the  sun ; 

Rooting  amid  crushed  roses  the  Wild  Swine 
Still  root,  and  spare  not  one." 

In  his  prose  he  gives  a  succinct  statement  of 
the  reasons  why  America  can  have  no  sym- 
pathy for  the  German  cause,  concluding  with 
these  words:  "We  know  that  the  cause  of 
Imperial  Germany  is  wrong;  her  civilization 
is  founded  on  propositions  impossible  for  any 
American  to  accept ;  her  aims,  ambitions,  and 
ideals  are  antagonistic  to  the  progress  of  com- 
munal and  individual  liberty  as  we  understand 
the  terms.  And  that  settles  the  matter  for  us." 
The  hero  of  "  Who  Goes  There ! "  is  an  Amer- 
ican of  Belgian  descent,  who  is  about  to  take 
his  place  in  the  Belgian  army  when  the  coun- 
try of  his  ancestry  is  violated  by  the  barbarian. 
Taken  prisoner  by  General  Baron  von  Reiter, 
he  is  reprieved  on  the  condition  that  he  will  go 
to  England  and  rescue  the  General's  ward,  and 
escort  her  to  his  Luxembourg  estate.  Failing 
this,  he  promises,  like  Regulus,  to  come  back 
and  be  shot.  He  finds  the  young  woman,  and 
sets  out  with  her  for  the  Continent.  But  she  is 
already  under  suspicion  of  being  a  German 
spy,  and  has,  in  fact,  certain  important'  papers 
revealing  the  whereabouts  of  the  English  fleet 
and  other  matters.  Every  step  of  the  journey 
is  dogged,  and  there  are  many  exciting  escapes 
from  arrest.  As  for  the  compromising  papers, 
the  hero  gains  possession  of  them,  and  thus 
prevents  them  from  falling  into  the  hands  of 
the  enemy.  The  General,  who  has  hoped  to 


346 


THE   DIAL 


[April  29 


wed  the  young  woman,  finds,  when  they  meet, 
that  the  American  has  stolen  her  heart,  and,  in 
a  hand-to-hand  encounter,  is  badly  wounded. 
Thereupon,  with  incredible  magnanimity,  he 
relinquishes  his  suit,  and  provides  the  lovers 
with  every  facility  for  going  over  the  lines 
into  Belgium.  The  expected  happy  romantic 
ending  is  inferred  rather  than  portrayed.  The 
story  has  an  excess  of  the  conversational  pad- 
ding at  which  Mr.  Chambers  is  an  adept,  but 
it  has  also  much  dramatic  action  and  a  quan- 
tum satis  of  sentimental  interest. 

Mr.  Stevenson's  story  is  of  the  thinnest  tex- 
ture, and  is  also  concerned  with  the  romance 
of  an  American  hero  and  a  beautiful  spy. 
This  girl  is  from  Strasbourg,  and  has  in  her 
possession  some  plans  of  the  fortifications  at 
Metz,  which  she  hopes  to  place  in  the  hands  of 
General  Joffre.  The  police  are  on  her  track, 
and  she  flings  herself  into  the  arms  of  the 
American  hero,  a  surgeon  on  his  way  home 
from  Vienna,  and  caught  in  Aachen  at  the  out- 
break of  the  war.  A  deft  manipulation  of  his 
passport  adds  to  his  name  the  words  "  accom- 
panied by  his  wife,"  and  upon  this  pretence, 
she  persuades  him  to  extend  to  her  his  protec- 
tion. The  pair  have  a  lively  time  in  getting 
across  the  Belgian  frontier,  and  have  to  hide 
in  wheat-fields  and  gullies,  make  forced 
marches  by  night,  and  swim  the  Meuse.  They 
are  both  wounded,  but  evade  capture,  and  the 
hero  takes  the  plans  to  the  French  camp,  where 
the  invisible  ink  is  made  to  yield  up  its  secrets. 
We  leave  the  heroine  in  a  German  hospital, 
where  she  is  being  nursed  back  to  health  with- 
out any  suspicion  of  her  real  character  on  the 
part  of  the  authorities,  and  we  are  left  to 
imagine  the  reunion  with  the  man  to  whom  she 
owes  her  safety.  She  makes  a  very  charming 
and  resourceful  heroine,  and  the  ingenuity 
with  which  she  extricates  herself  from  difficult 
situations  excites  our  deepest  admiration. 
What  the  author  thinks  about  the  whole  busi- 
ness of  the  war  is  made  fairly  evident  by  his 
hero's  comments  upon  the  invasion  of  Bel- 
gium, and  by  his  offer  of  his  professional 
services  to  the  French  army. 

WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS. 

Something  of  Frank  Stockton's  delightful  irre- 
sponsibility and  inconsecutiveness  appear  in  Miss 
Ellenor  Stoothoff's  "The  Nightingale"  (Hough- 
ton),  which  tells  of  a  New  England  wife  and  mother 
who  flies  from  home  and  family  to  effect  her  own 
cure  from  a  serious  attack  of  nerves  by  rambling 
unprotected  through  Europe.  In  Italy  she  takes 
on  a  young  girl  as  maid,  and  adopts  two  lambs. 
These  latter  ail  slightly,  -so  she  embarks  for  the 
spot  where  Southdown  mutton  comes  from,  as 


possessing  the  climate  necessary  for  their  well- 
being.  It  has  been  understood  between  her  and  her 
complaisant  husband  that  she  will  return  when  she 
hears  a  nightingale  sing.  He,  after  what  he  regards 
as  a  sufficient  deprivation,  arrives  in  Paris,  where 
he  buys  what  he  is  told  is  a  nightingale,  and  takes 
it  over  to  her  in  England  that  she  may  hear  its  song 
and  justify  his  arrival.  She,  meanwhile,  has  been 
acting  the  part  of  a  beneficent  fate  for  various  lov- 
ers, one  of  them  a  plumber  and  the  other  a  chauf- 
feur. It  is  all  pleasantly  plausible  and  amusing. 

What  an  intelligent  husband  and  wife  can  do  in 
avoiding  divorce  by  removing  the  causes  for  sepa- 
ration is  set  forth  by  M.  Henry  Bordeaux  in  "  The 
Awakening"  (Dutton),  which  has  been  translated 
by  Miss  Ruth  Helen  Davis  from  the  ninety-fifth 
edition  in  French.  A  brilliant  writer  marries  a 
charming  girl,  who,  having  borne  him  a  son  and 
daughter,  is  quite  content  to  rest  on  her  ante- 
marital  laurels  so  far  as  charm  is  concerned.  An- 
other woman,  brilliantly  intellectual,  crosses  the 
writer's  path  after  years  of  baffled  hopes  and  an 
almost  complete  waning  of  mutual  interests.  The 
outraged  wife  returns  to  her  people  and  begins  a 
suit  for  separation,  holding  herself  innocent  of  the 
collapse  of  their  married  life.  A  diary  kept  by 
him  is  placed  in  her  hands,  and  her  failure  to  meet 
his  ambitions  is  made  clear  thereby.  She  sets 
about  rehabilitating  herself  in  her  own  eyes,  thus 
opened;  and  in  the  course  of  years  attains  to  her 
husband's  standard  of  what  a  wife  should  be.  The 
book  deserves  wide  reading. 

Mrs.  Edith  Henrietta  Fowler's  latest  romance, 
"Patricia"  (Putnam),  has  a  genuine,  if  somewhat 
worldly,  piety  running  through  its  pages.  Patricia 
is  the  only  daughter  of  an  eminent  man  of  letters, 
widowed  at  her  birth.  His  death  sends  her  to  an 
uncle,  vicar  of  a  rural  parish,  as  earnest  and  gener- 
ous of  self  as  he  and  his  family  are  narrow.  The 
girl's  impressions  of  religion  as  a  dull  and  rather 
sordid  business  are  confirmed  by  the  life  her  kins- 
folk lead,  her  agnostic  training  blinding  her  to  the 
spiritual  beauty  beneath.  She  is  awakened  by  her 
love  for  a  clergyman  of  high  rank,  who  takes  her 
into  a  society  even  more  cultivated  than  her  father 
had  thrown  about  her,  and  eventually  brings  her  to 
the  Light.  Patricia  is  an  excellent  example  of  a 
witty  simpleton,  to  say  nothing  worse  of  her;  but 
her  slightness  of  character  detracts  little  from  the 
interest  of  the  story. 

In  the  death  of  Monsignor  Hugh  Benson,  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church  has  lost  the  ablest  novelist 
in  her  cause  she  has  ever  had  in  England ;  and  his 
posthumous  story,  "Loneliness"  (Dodd),  serves  to 
confirm  this  fact.  It  deals  with  contemporary  life, 
and  its  protagonist  is  a  young  Catholic  English- 
woman who  achieves  a  marked  success  on  the  oper- 
atic stage.  This  success  so  interests  the  scion  of  a 
recently  ennobled  house  that  he  secretly  affiances 
himself  to  her.  Meanwhile  her  youthful  devotion 
to  religion  grows  pallid,  until  she  determines  to 
marry  her  Protestant  lover  regardless  of  churchly 
regulations.  A  slight  surgical  operation  deprives 
her  of  her  glorious  voice;  she  turns  to  the  old 
religion  and  dismisses  her  lover,  now  grown  luke- 
warm, and  the  close  suggests  the  cloister. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


347 


It  is  inevitable  that  the  fascinating  figure  of  the 
fourth  Amen-hotep,  self-named  Akhenaton,  should 
be  connected  with  that  of  Moses,  since  the  purity 
of  the  Pharoah's  religion  bears  no  slight  resem- 
blance to  that  of  the  great  Jewish  lawgiver.  Cer- 
tain chronological  obstacles  have  not  been  allowed 
to  stand  in  the  way  by  Mr.  Frederick  Thurstan  in 
"The  Romances  of  Amosis  Ra"  (Lippincott),  the 
hero  of  which  is  none  other  than  Moses  himself. 
Such  portions  of  the  Scripture  as  could  be  made  to 
fit  are  utilized  to  the  full,  and  a  magical  atmosphere 
is  created,  in  the  spirit  of  the  miracles  of  the  exo- 
dus. The  romances  are  two,  the  first  ending  with 
the  birth  of  the  prophet,  the  second  with  his  retire- 
ment to  the  land  of  Midian  after  his  slaughter  of 
the  Egyptian.  The  author's  earnestness  and  learn- 
ing are  much  in  excess  of  his  ability  to  write 
convincingly. 

"  The  Graves  at  Kilmorna :  A  Story  of  '67 " 
(Longmans)  is  an  earnest  tale  of  the  abortive 
uprising  of  the  Irish  against  British  oppression  in 
1867,  when  veterans  of  the  American  Civil  War 
returned  to  their  native  land  to  assist  in  obtaining 
its  independence.  It  is  the  work  of  the  Very  Rev. 
Canon  P.  A.  Sheehan,  D.D.,  and  is  a  close  and  con- 
clusive picture  of  the  times  in  which  it  begins,  and 
a  profound  criticism  of  these  later  days.  A  youth- 
ful Irish  idealist  and  freedom  worshipper  seeks 
death  in  the  cause  in  order  that  his  countrymen 
may  gain  the  stimulus  that  he  believes  will  follow 
this  voluntary  martyrdom.  His  life  is  spared,  but 
he  spends  ten  agonizing  years  in  prison  before  he 
is  pardoned.  The  end  of  the  tale  is  tragic  in  every 
sense  of  the  word.  Few  more  sincere  stories  have 
been  written  of  Irish  Catholic  life. 

Spain  in  the  days  of  the  weak  and  unfortunate 
Philip  IV.,  with  his  prime  minister,  Olivares,  as  the 
leading  figure,  provides  the  scene  for  Miss  Amelia 
Josephine  Burr's  "A  Dealer  in  Empire  "  (Harper). 
A  beautiful  girl,  niece  to  a  celebrated  actress  and 
herself  successful  in  her  brief  career  upon  the  stage, 
furnishes  the  necessary  appeal  to  the  sensibilities. 
She  is  beloved  by  a  young  nobleman  and  by  the 
King  himself,  but  yields  herself  rather  to  the  higher 
appeal  made  by  the  minister,  to  whom  she  bears  a 
son.  His  ambitions  take  him  from  her,  and  place 
her  in  retirement.  The  conclusion  is  admirably 
worked  out,  in  accordance  with  ideas  of  sentimental 
justice.  Simple  and  easy  in  style,  direct  and  com- 
pact in  substance,  this  is  an  historical  novel  fully 
romanticized. 

Miss  Mary  Bride  reappears  with  all  her  common- 
sensible  charm  in  Mr.  Edgar  Jepson's  "  Happy 
Pollyooly"  (Bobbs-Merrill  Co.);  as  do  also  her 
small  brother  "  The  Lump,"  her  employer  the  bar- 
rister, and  nearly  all  the  other  personages  of  the 
story  of  which  this  is  the  sequel.  Pollyooly  is  a 
most  engaging  young  person  who  has  the  knack  of 
coming  safely  out  of  all  adventures,  however  com- 
plicated, and  always  with  a  substantial  sum  of 
money  in  her  possession.  There  is  a  somewhat 
long-drawn-out  episode  having  to  do  with  a  prince 
of  the  House  of  Hohenzollern  which,  vce  fear,  does 
injustice  to  that  doughty  line's  conceptions  of 
education. 


Exploration* 
in  the  ruins 
of  Kaby'.on. 


BRIEFS  ONJNEW  BOOKS. 

At  desolate  Babylon,  once  mis- 
tress of  Hither  Asia,  excavations 
by  the  Royal  Museums  of  Berlin 
in  conjunction  with  the  Deutsche  Orient- 
Gesellschaft  have  been  in  progress  since  1899. 
An  account  of  net  results  up  to  the  spring  of 
1912,  written  by  Dr.  Robert  Koldewey,  in 
charge  of  the  work,  and  first  published  in  1913, 
has  already  reached  its  third  German  edition. 
The  hoped-for  English  version  is  also  now 
available  in  a  volume  entitled  "The  Excava- 
tions at  Babylon"  (Macmillan).  Mrs.  Agnes 
S.  Johns  has  made  a  free  and  idiomatic  trans- 
lation which  well  reproduces  the  effect  of  the 
original.  Awkward  sentences  occur  rarely, 
likewise  minor  discrepancies  of  fact.  Suc- 
cessive discussions  of  the  separate  features  of 
the  city  form  the  bulk  of  the  volume ;  a  retro- 
spect sums  up  the  career  of  Babylon  as  a 
whole.  Its  site  was  inhabited  even  in  prehis- 
toric times  (pp.  88,  261,  311).  The  water- 
level,  however,  higher  now  than  in  antiquity, 
prevents  excavating  below  the  stratum  of 
Hammurabi  (2123-2081  B.C.),  the  great  law- 
giver of  the  Babylonian  First  Dynasty.  The 
residence  district  of  Merkes  best  reveals  the 
course  of  Babylon's  history,  from  the  early 
state  of  Hammurabi  down  through  the  inglo- 
rious Kassite  sway  and  the  period  of  Assy- 
rian domination  to  the  Chaldean  empire  of 
Nebuchadnezzar  and  beyond.  For  that  empire 
succumbed  to  the  Persians  (538  B.C.),  who 
in  turn  fell  before  Alexander  (331  B.C.). 
The  Greek  period  was  followed  by  the  Par- 
thian (139  B.C.),  the  latter  by  the  Sassanide 
(A.D.  226).  Scattered  dwellings  existed  in 
Merkes  far  down  into  the  Arabic  period  (be- 
gan in  636),  perhaps  as  late  as  A.D.  1200. 
Since  then,  however,  the  whole  site  of  the 
ancient  city  has  been  deserted.  As  the  Assy- 
rian Sennacherib  had  razed  Babylon  in  689 
B.C.,  the  most  imposing  remains  discoverable 
begin  with  the  brilliant  reign  of  Nebuchadnez- 
zar (604-561  B.C.),  when  the  rebuilt  city  was 
most  populous.  During  the  Persian  period 
the  Euphrates-  occupied  a  new  channel,  thus 
producing  the  configuration  known  to  Herodo- 
tus and  Ctesias.  The  English  publishers  have 
included  all  the  illustrations  of  the  German 
volume.  But  they  have  used  thicker  and  less 
highly  calendered  paper,  so  that  the  copious 
half-tone  plates  have  lost  decidedly  in  bril- 
liance. A  reduction  in  size  of  page  has  neces- 
sitated folding  the  colored  plate  fig.  64,  which 
has  also  been  interchanged  with  fig.  80.  The 
worst  feature  of  the  English  volume  is  the 
fragile  binding,  which  gives  way  upon  first 
opening  the  book.  On  the  other  hand,  one  is 
glad  to  note  the  addition  of  running  title  and 


348 


THE   DIAL 


[April  29 


index.  The  thirteen  years'  accomplishments 
summarized  in  "The  Excavations  at  Baby- 
lon" represent  about  one  half  of  the  total 
task.  Accounts  of  further  progress  are  avail- 
able in  German  only,  in  the  bulletins  of  the 
Deutsche  Orient-Gesellschaft.  Even  now  the 
work  continues,  for  in  spite  of  the  war  Dr. 
Koldewey  returned  last  November  to  his  field. 
Whether  the  excavation  of  the  city  is  ever  to 
be  finished  can  not  now  be  foretold.  Until 
that  consummation  is  attained,  the  present 
volume  will  be  indispensable  to  those  who  seek 
acquaintance  with  ancient  Babylon. 


In  the  poetic  opera,  "Fairyland" 
A  successful  (y  j  University  Press),  Mr. 

American  opera.     JL    .  TT      .  -  '          .          '  ' 

Brian  Hooker  has  given  us  an 
alluring  text  which  demands  at  every  point  of 
its  development  a  musical  setting.  If  the  book 
had  not  been  written  so  that  Mr.  Horatio  W. 
Parker  might  illuminate  it  with  his  mature 
and  effective  art,  it  would  have  solicited  infal- 
libly the  services  of  some  other  musician  to 
accomplish  what  has  been  done  by  the  master 
of  orchestral  investiture  at  Yale  College.  The 
fairyland  presented  in  this  drama  is  not  the 
Shakespearean  forest  of  the  "Midsummer 
Night's  Dream."  Titania  and  Oberon  have  no 
part  in  it.  The  story  and  significance  connect 
themselves  more  directly  with  Maeterlinck  and 
his  remarkable  plays.  There  is  the  old  anti- 
thesis of  ecclesiastical  domination  on  the  one 
side  and  governmental  tyranny  on  the  other; 
between  these  two,  human  life  is  crushed  as 
between  the  upper  and  nether  millstones. 
Liberation  is  brought  about  through  the  eleva- 
tion of  the  great  body  of  mankind,  and  the 
normal  happiness  of  ennobled  daily  life  is  set 
above  all  artificial  and  oppressive  distinctions. 
This  theme  is  presented  in  a  well  conceived 
form,  picturesque,  simple,  interesting.  Mr. 
Hooker's  "  Fairyland  "  is  the  realm  of  human 
nature's  daily  experiences,  in  the  regular  proc- 
esses of  the  diurnal  round,  sincerely  pursued 
for  ends  that  are  beneficent  and  purifying,  the 
completeness  of  love  and  sacrifice.  This  does 
not  mean  that  the  book  is  a  moral  allegory. 
The  sensuous  appeal  is  there,  the  story  and  the 
pictures  are  sufficient,  the  characters  awaken 
admiration  and  comment,  the  poetry  is  melo- 
dious, and  the  echoes  of  internal  meaning  sur- 
round it  with  a  rich  and  luminous  atmosphere. 
We  have  not  had  as  yet  the  opportunity  of  see- 
ing the  score,  but  the  play  seems  well  adapted 
to  the  general  tendencies  of  Mr.  Parker's  work ; 
and  this  opera,  the  second  by  the  same  author 
and  composer  to  win  a  notable  prize,  ought  to 
find  audiences  that  will  rejoice  in  its  romantic 
color  and  movement.  If  here  is  an  exemplifi- 
cation of  what  America  is  to  do  in  musical 


drama,  we  may  look  forward  hopefully  to  the 
evolution  of  an  art  that  will  not  need  to  hide 
its  diminished  head  before  the  achievements  of 
other  lands  and  times. 


Even  the  most  unemotional  of 

A  posthumous  .  .   , 

volume  by  reviewers  must  admit  that  with 

Sister  Nivedita.    some  ^QQ^  sympathy  is  the  only 

exegete;  and  in  Sister  Nivedita's  "Footfalls 
of  Indian  History"  (Longmans)  we  have  a 
striking  instance.  One  cannot  fail  to  note  in 
the  volume  many  out-and-out  mistakes,  and  a 
still  greater  number  of  controverted  points  as- 
sumed as  unquestioned  truths ;  yet  one  leaves 
the  volume  with  the  feeling  that  this  gifted 
Irish  woman,  who  became  such  a  thorough- 
going convert  to  Hinduism,  has  given  us  gener- 
ous fare.  At  the  same  time  it  is  difficult  to 
say  just  what  group  of  readers  would  care  for 
the  book  as  a  whole.  To  most  people  a  stronger 
appeal  will  be  made  by  such  papers  as  "A 
Study  of  Benares  "  and  "  The  History  of  India 
and  Its  Study  "  than  by  the  chapters  on  "  The 
Ancient  Abbey  of  Ajanta  "  or  "  The  Cities  of 
Buddhism";  but  the  latter  type  represents 
the  genuinely  valuable  work  of  the  author. 
Naturally,  one  must  always  make  allowance 
for  her  preconceptions  that  Hinduism  is  trans- 
cendentally  noble  and  that  there  is  a  national 
unity  of  India ;  but  when  this  has  been  done, 
the  reader  will  find  that  her  work  is  careful 
and  conscientious,  and  based  on  a  serious  study 
alike  of  the  monuments  and  of  the  standard 
authorities.  The  volume  is  illustrated  by  ex- 
cellent photographs  and  plans,  as  well  as  by 
six  colored  plates  of  real  merit,  reproducing 
water-colors  from  the  brushes  of  Gaganendra 
Nath  Tagore  and  Nanda  Lai  Bose.  Inasmuch 
as  Miss  Noble's  books  are  gradually  reaching 
a  wider  circle,  it  would  seem  that  the  volume 
might  have  given  us  a  brief  account  of  her 
life  and  writings,  and  of  her  death  some  four 
years  ago.  In  itself  this  would  make  most 
interesting  reading,  as  well  as  being  a  real 
convenience  for  such  readers  as  are  gaining 
their  first  acquaintance  with  this  remarkable 
woman. 

In  a  disinterested  effort  to  save 
at  least  a  little  Latin  from  the 
engulfing  flood  of  anti-classic- 
ism, Mr.  E.  Parmalee  Prentice,  who  will  be 
remembered  for  his  prominence  in  the  Am- 
herst  movement  against  undue  intrusion  of  the 
sciences  into  the  field  of  academic  culture,  has 
followed  up  his  last  year's  publication  of 
Ruskin's  "The  King  of  the  Golden  River,"  in 
Dr.  Arcadius  Avellanus's  Latin  translation, 
with  a  second  book  of  diverting  fiction  in  the 
same  tongue  and  from  the  same  translator. 
This  time  choice  has  been  made  of  the  learned 


Modern  fiction 
in  Latin  dress. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


349 


David-Leon  Cahun's  story  of  ancient  mari- 
time adventure  which  bears,  in  the  original, 
the  following  descriptive  title:  "Les  aven- 
tures  du  Capitaine  Magon,  ou  une  exploration 
phenicienne  mille  ans  avant  1'ere  chretienne." 
In  its  classical  dress,  under  the  title,  ' '  Pericla 
Navarchi  Magonis,"  the  work  forms  the  first 
volume  of  a  courageously  projected  series, 
"Mount  Hope  Classics,"  issued,  says  Mr. 
Prentice,  primarily  for  his  own  children,  but 
very  gladly  furnished  by  him  to  such  pur- 
chasers as  may  take  an  interest  in  his  laudable 
and  by  no  means  lucrative  enterprise.  The 
Latin  is  not  exactly  Ciceronian,  but  none  the 
less  serviceable  for  that  reason,  and  perhaps 
even  more  readily  intelligible;  certainly  it  is 
not  difficult,  and  the  sensation  of  finding  one- 
self actually  drawn  along,  page  after  page,  by 
the  interest  of  the  narrative  will  be  novel  to 
more  than  one  who,  in  his  time,  has  been 
moved  to  sighs  and  groans  by  the  elegant 
Tully's  formidable  periods.  Captain  Mago's 
stirring  adventures  fill  more  than  three  hun- 
dred octavo  pages,  and  are  followed  by  twenty 
pages  of  author's  and  translator's  notes,  which 
need  not,  however,  halt  the  progress  of  the 
reader  enraptured  with  the  brisk  movement  of 
the  tale.  A  natural  query  will  be  prompted  by 
the  announcement  on  the  title-page:  "Opus 
Francice  scripsit  Leo  Cahun,  in  Anglicum 
vertit  Helena  E.  Frewer,  Latine  interpretatus 
est  Arcadius  Avellanus. ' '  Is  the  present  ver- 
sion based  on  the  English  translation?  If  so, 
why?  Surely  there  is  no  apparent  reason  for 
so  circuitous  a  proceeding.  Mr.  Prentice's 
address  is  37  Wall  Street,  New  York. 


4  plea  for  -^or  tne  ^me  being,  Mr.  Reginald 

Belgium  by  Wright  Kauffman  has  aban- 
'ne88-  doned  fiction,  finding  in  the  situ- 
ation of  affairs  in  Belgium  matter  stranger 
than  any  novelist  would  dare  venture  to  de- 
pict. "In  a  Moment  of  Time"  (Moffat)  is  a 
plea  for  a  people  outraged,  dispossessed,  and 
slaughtered  by  the  wickedest  war  waged  in 
historic  time.  The  author  dedicates  the  profits 
from  his  book  to  funds  for  the  amelioration 
(so  far  as  irremediable  wrongs  can  be  bet- 
tered) of  the  situation  he  found  there.  This 
situation  is  described  in  such  details  as  will 
bear  printing,  with  suggestions  of  horror  sur- 
passing the  power  of  the  pen  looming  ghastly 
in  the  background.  Mr.  Kauffman  sums  up  his 
plea  in  a  few  vivid  words :  "  Charity  has  no 
nationality  and  knows  none.  It  is  not  a  prod- 
uct of  justice;  it  is  justice.  To  stand  with 
folded  hands  and  watch  another  nation  starve : 
that  is  not  neutrality ;  it  is  the  last  refinement 
of  enmity.  The  duty  of  America,  we  have  been 
told,  is  to  be  neutral ;  then  the  duty  of  America 


is  charity."  Incidentally,  by  every  dictate  of 
civilization,  the  conquerors  should  be  feeding 
the  people  they  have  disinherited.  In  making 
its  contribution  to  these  victims,  America  finds 
itself  paying  tribute  to  ruthlessness.  It  has  to 
be  done  and  it  must  be  done,  but  it  is  not  to 
be  expected  that  America  should  forego  its 
intelligence  and  not  set  the  blame  where  it  has 
been  so  devilishly  earned.  There  are  repro- 
duced photographs  to  support  the  text,  but  it 
needs  no  support.  As  we  read  we  know  that 
the  fact  is  worse  than  the  tale  itself,  and  we 
bow  our  heads  in  shame  at  man's  inhumanity 
to  man. 

An  Englishman's  Considerably  more  than  his  own 
adventures  fair  share  of  unusual  and  some- 
on  land  and  sea.  ^mes  exciting  experiences  seems 
to  have  fallen  to  the  lot  of  Mr.  Stanley  Coxon, 
author  of  an  anecdotal  autobiography  entitled 
"And  That  Reminds  Me"  (Lane),  which 
shows  us  the  writer  encircling  the  globe  eight 
times  in  sailing  ships,  continuing  his  mari- 
time activities  under  the  swifter  propulsion 
of  steam,  entering  the  government  service  as 
assistant  district  superintendent  of  police  in 
Burma,  where  he  helped  to  make  a  success  of 
Prince  Albert  Victor's  visit  to  that  part  of 
the  British  Empire,  then  returning  home  on 
sick  furlough,  next  appointed  to  various  posi- 
tions in  India,  and  finally  invalided  from  the 
service  and  left  with  sufficient  leisure  on  his 
hands  to  write  (with  no  thought  of  publica- 
tion, he  assures  us)  the  present  story  of  his 
eventful  life.  Between  times  he  has  found  it 
possible  to  engage  in  divers  sorts  of  perilous 
undertakings  and  adventures,  including  matri- 
mony, and  it  is  his  partner  in  the  last-named 
desperate  deed  who  has  persuaded  him  to 
make  full  confession  of  his  dubious  doings  — 
we  borrow  his  own  playful  style  without  as- 
suming responsibility  for  any  false  inferences 
therefrom  —  in  order  that  she  at  least  may 
have  some  adequate  knowledge  of  his  "awful 
past."  Our  thanks  therefore  are  due  pri- 
marily to  Mrs.  Coxon,  and  secondarily  to  the 
author,  for  what,  in  the  frankly  colloquial 
idiom  of  the  book,  may  truthfully  be  called  a 
rattling  good  story.  Two  score  illustrations, 
and  an  additional  one  to  make  us  acquainted 
with  the  writer's  outward  form  and  feature, 
embellish  this  diverting  volume. 


Life  in 
America  a 
century  ago. 


To  the  works  upon  the  social 
history  of  our  forebears,  repre- 
sented by  such  books  as  those  of 
Edward  Eggleston,  John  Fiske,  Alice  Morse 
Earle,  Sydney  George  Fisher,  and  others,  a 
volume  of  great  charm  has  been  added  by 
Dr.  Gaillard  Hunt,  Chief  of  the  Division  of 
Manuscripts  in  the  Library  of  Congress,  in  the 


350 


THE   DIAL 


[  April  29 


book  entitled  "  Life  in  America  One  Hundred 
Years  Ago"  (Harper).  In  his  preface,  Dr. 
Hunt  sadly  contrasts  the  origin  of  his  book, — 
a  suggestion  of  the  Committee  of  One  Hun- 
dred to  celebrate  at  the  City  of  Washington 
one  hundred  years  of  peace  between  Great 
Britain  and  the  United  States, —  and  the  war 
now  raging  in  Europe.  The  volume  op  ens  with  \ 
the  story  of  the  Peace  of  which  the  news  came 
to  Washington  in  1815.  The  country  and  its  I 
inhabitants,  their  ways  and  habits  (viewed 
both  from  their  own  standpoint  and  through 
the  eyes  of  foreign  visitors),  slavery,  travel, 
dress,  women,  the  theatre,  music,  religion,  edu- 
cation, crime,  poverty,  medicine,  cooking, — 
these  and  similar  topics  Dr.  Hunt,  with  ever 
delicate  touch,  passes  in  review.  At  the  close, 
he  turns  to  the  political  organization  and  to 
the  problems  which  confronted  the  still  young 
experiment  of  a  democratic-republican  federal 
state.  The  book  is  well  illustrated,  and  is 
blessed  with  an  index  and  a  bibliography, —  in 
the  latter  of  which,  however,  the  proof-reading 
has  left  something  to  be  desired.  Throughout 
the  body  of  the  work  the  personal  element  is 
large,  and  is  accompanied  with  frequent  reve- 
lations of  the  quiet  humor  of  the  author. 
Many  social  historians  write  con  amore,  but 
with  little  critical  skill ;  the  careful  historians, 
alas,  are  often  dull.  It  is  Dr.  Hunt's  privilege 
to  write  both  as  a  scholar  and  as  one  to  the 

manner  born.      

The  great  variety  and  surpassing 

Our  picturesque     fe         ty       f    th       natural     scenery 
Western  gateway.     ,..»-,  _, 

about  San  Francisco  are  por- 
trayed by  a  true  nature-lover's  pen  in  Mr. 
W.  E.  Hutchinson's  "By-ways  around  San 
Francisco  Bay"  (Abingdon  Press).  In  this 
new  land  with  its  beautiful  bay  of  a  thousand 
moods,  framed  in  sunlit  hills  of  the  Berkeley 
shore  and  distant  Marin,  dominated  by  the 
purpling  slopes  of  Mount  Tamalpais,  and  ever 
and  anon  wreathed  in  tumbling  billows  of  fog, 
our  author  has  caught  his  inspiration ;  and  in 
a  few  graceful  lines  he  guides  the  spirit,  rather 
than  the  feet,  to  the  secrets  of  hill  and  valley, 
of  field  and  forest,  of  brookside  and  ocean 
shore.  Mr.  Hutchinson  knows  the  land  he 
loves,  and  he  gives  us  a  glimpse  of  the  joys  he 
has  found  in  exploring  afoot  and  afield  with 
rod  and  camera  in  the  great  out-of-doors  which 
lies  about  the  Golden  Gate.  Quaint  bits  of  old 
Chinatown,  the  lateen  sails  of  Fisherman's 
Wharf  where  swarthy  Neapolitans  foregather 
and  where  Robert  Louis  Stevenson  was  wont 
to  seek  inspiration, —  these  and  other  gleams 
of  local  color  are  touched  upon  lightly  but 
revealingly  by  the  author.  Lovers  of  nature 
will  find  this  booklet  a  choice  introduction  to 
the  picturesque  about  San  Francisco. 


NOTES. 


"  Jaffery,"  Mr.  William  Locke's  forthcoming 
novel,  will  be  published  by  the  John  Lane  Co.  early 
in  June. 

"  European  Rulers :  Their  Modern  Significance," 
by  Mr.  Arthur  E.  Bestor,  is  announced  by  Messrs. 
Crowell. 

"  English  Ancestral  Homes  of  Noted  Americans  " 
by  Mrs.  Anne  Hollingsworth  Wharton  is  promised 
for  early  issue  by  Messrs.  Lippincott. 

The  new  volume  by  President  Hadley  of  Yale  on 
"  Undercurrents  in  American  Politics "  will  be 
issued  by  the  Yale  University  Press  next  month. 

"  Standardizing  the  Dollar,"  a  statement  of  plans 
by  Professor  Irving  Fisher  for  combating  the  rise 
in  the  cost  of  living,  is  announced  by  Messrs.  Mae- 
millan. 

Among  the  season's  novels  announced  by  Messrs. 
Lippincott  is  Mr.  Maurice  Hewlett's  "  The  Little 
Iliad,"  the  story  of  a  modern  Helen  worthy  of  her 
famous  namesake. 

For  the  five  hundredth  anniversary,  next  July, 
of  the  death  of  John  Huss,  Dr.  David  Schaff  has 
prepared  a  comprehensive  and  readable  biography 
of  the  reformer.  Messrs.  Scribner  will  publish  the 
volume. 

Mr.  Richard  Le  Gallienne  has  a  new  volume  in 
press  entitled  "  Vanishing  Roads  and  other  Essays." 
The  "  other  essays  "  include  "  The  Passing  of  Mrs. 
Grundy,"  "  The  Persecutions  of  Beauty,"  and  "The 
Snows  of  Yester-year." 

"  Panama  and  Other  Poems  "  is  the  title  of  Mr. 
Stephen  Phillips's  latest  collection  of  verse,  which 
is  soon  to  appear.  Mr.  Alfred  Noyes  has  also 
nearly  ready  a  volume  entitled  "A  Salute  from  the 
Fleet  and  Other  Poems." 

The  narrative  of  an  English  nursing  sister  in 
Belgium  and  Russia,  entitled  "  Field  Hospital  and 
Flying  Column,"  is  announced  by  Messrs.  Putnam. 
The  author  is  Miss  Violetta  Thurstan,  who  wrote  at 
the  Russian  front  while  recovering  from  a  wound. 

An  historical  and  critical  account  of  "  The  Art  of 
E.  H.  Sothern  "  by  Mr.  William  Winter  is  one  of 
the  features  of  the  May  "  Century  Magazine."  It 
appears  coincident  with  Mr.  Sothern's  announce- 
ment of  his  intention  of  retiring  from  the  stage  at 
the  end  of  next  season. 

The  four  additional  volumes  which  are  to  be 
added  immediately  to  Messrs.  Doran's  "Art  and 
Craft  of  Letters  "  series  are  "  The  Ballad,"  by  Mr. 
Frederick  Sidgwick ;  "  The  Essay,"  by  Mr.  Orlo 
Williams ;  "  Criticism,"  by  Mr.  P.  P.  Howe ;  and 
"  Parody,"  by  Mr.  Christopher  Stone. 

A  new  complete  English  edition  of  Charles  Dick- 
ens's  works  will  soon  appear  with  the  imprint  of 
Messrs.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  The  text  is  that 
last  revised  bjT  the  author  and  the  illustrations  rep- 
resent some  of  the  finest  examples  of  the  work  of 
Tenniel,  Landseer,  Stone,  and  Cruikshank. 

An  anthology  of  patriotic  prose  selected  fey  Mr. 
Frederick  Page  will  soon  appear  from  the  Oxford 
University  Press.  The  contents  are  taken  mainly 
from  English  literature,  though  a  few  translations 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


351 


have  been  admitted  from  writers  as  diverse  as 
Plato,  Swedenborg,  and  Cardinal  Mercier. 

Miss  Lillian  D.  Wald,  the  founder  and  head  of 
the  Henry  Street  Settlement  in  New  York  city,  has 
written  an  account  of  her  work  among  Americans 
in  the  making  which  is  now  being  published  serially 
in  the  "Atlantic  Monthly."  In  the  autumn  it  will  be 
issued  in  book  form  by  Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

The  "Welsh  Poems  and  Ballads"  of  George 
Borrow  are  scheduled  for  early  publication  by 
Messrs.  Putnam.  Several  of  the  poems  included 
are  from  the  Borrow  MSS.  Sketches  devoted  to 
the  bards  who  produced  them  precede  important 
ballads  or  groups,  and  an  introduction  is  furnished 
by  Mr.  Ernest  Rhys. 

Mr.  Winston  Churchill's  new  novel,  "A  Far 
Country,"  will  be  published  within  a  few  weeks  by 
Messrs.  Macmillan,  who  announce  for  immediate 
issue  also  Mr.  Arthur  Stringer's  detective  story, 
"  The  Hand  of  Peril,"  Mr.  Jack  London's  "  The 
Scarlet  Plague,"  and  Mr.  St.  John  G.  Ervine's 
"Alice  and  a  Family." 

Mr.  Burton  E.  Stevenson  has  made  a  selection 
from  his  popular  anthology  "  The  Home  Book  of 
Verse,"  published  two  or  three  years  ago,  of  all 
poems  of  interest  to  children,  which  will  now  be 
issued  in  a  volume  to  be  called  "  Home  Book  of 
Verses  for  Little  Children."  Mr.  Willy  Pogany 
supplies  the  decorations,  and  the  publishers  are 
Messrs.  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

Forthcoming  publications  from  the  press  of 
Messrs.  E.  P.  Button  &  Co.  include :  "  Social  Re- 
form," by  Mr.  W.  H.  Mallock;  "  Hermaia,"  a 
study  in  comparative  aesthetics,  by  Mr.  Colin  Mc- 
Alpin ;  "  The  Underlying  Principles  of  Modern 
Legislation,"  by  Dr.  W.  Jethro  Brown;  and  "A 
First  Year  in  Canterbury  Settlement,"  letters  writ- 
ten by  Samuel  Butler,  the  author  of  "  Erewhon," 
during  an  early  visit  to  New  Zealand. 

Ben  Jonson's  "  Tale  of  a  Tub,"  first  printed  in 
the  second  volume  of  the  1640  folio  of  his  works, 
and  not  issued  separately  until  1913,  when  it  was 
produced  in  Germany  under  the  editorship  of  Dr. 
Hans  Scherer,  is  to  be  published  in  a  separate 
English  edition  by  Messrs.  Longmans,  with  a  criti- 
cal introduction,  notes,  and  glossary  by  Florence 
May  Snell,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  English  Literature 
at  Huguenot  College,  Wellington,  South  Africa. 

"  The  Riverside  History  of  the  United  States," 
an  interpretation  of  the  social  and  economic  devel- 
opment of  the  United  States,  is  in  press  with  the 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  There  are  four  volumes,  as 
follows :  "  Beginnings  of  the  American  People," 
by  Professor  Carl  Lotus  Becker ;  "  Union  and 
Democracy,"  by  Professor  Allen  Johnson ;  "  Ex- 
pansion and  Conflict,"  by  Professor  William  E.  | 
Dodd ;  and  "  The  New  Nation,"  by  Professor 
Frederic  Logan  Paxson. 

The  Slavonic  Publishing  Co.  has  projected  a 
series  of  translations  in  idiomatic  English  of  the 
masterpieces  of  Slavic  literature,  with  illustrations 
by  the  masters  of  Slavic  art.  The  plan  has  been 
endorsed  by  leaders  of  thought  in  England,  Amer- 
ica, and  Russia,  and  the  list  of  tentative  titles  is  i 
already  large.  Later  the  same  publishers  hope  to  ! 


issue  a  dictionary  of  Slavic  biography  along  the 
lines  of  the  Dictionary  of  National  Biography,  as 
well  as  a  Slavic  encyclopaedia  in  twelve  volumes. 

A  two-volume  work  on  "  Napoleon  in  Exile  at  St. 
Helena  (1815-1821),"  by  Mr.  Norwood  Young,  is 
promised  for  May  issue  by  the  John  C.  Winston  Co. 
It  is  an  elaborate  account  based  on  careful  study  of 
the  least-known  period  of  Napoleon's  life.  The 
same  house  will  also  issue  Mr.  Upton  Sinclair's 
"  The  Cry  for  Justice,"  an  anthology  of  the  litera- 
ture of  social  protest  collected  from  twenty-five 
languages  and  covering  five  thousand  years,  and 
Mr.  Arthur  M.  P.  Lynch's  study  of  Irish  politics, 
"  Ireland's  Vital  Hour." 

A  volume  containing  a  series  of  lectures  deliv- 
ered recently  in  England  on  "  The  International 
Crisis  in  its  Ethical  and  Psychological  Aspects,"  is 
announced  by  the  Oxford  University  Press.  The 
contents  comprise  "  The  Morality  of  Strife  in  its 
Relation  to  the  War,"  by  Mrs.  Henry  Sidgwick; 
"  Group  Instincts,"  by  Professor  Gilbert  Murray ; 
"  International  Morality  and  Schemes  to  Secure 
Peace,"  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Bradley;  "The  Changing 
Mind  of  a  Nation  at  War,"  by  Professor  L.  P. 
Jacks;  "War  and  Hatred,"  by  Professor  G.  F. 
Stout ;  and  "  Patriotism  in  a  Perfect  State,"  by 
Dr.  B.  Bosanquet. 

"  The  Modern  Study  of  Literature  "  is  discussed 
by  Dr.  Richard  Green  Moulton,  head  of  the  depart- 
ment of  general  literature  in  the  University  of 
Chicago,  in  a  volume  to  be  published  by  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  Press.  Other  forthcoming  pub- 
lications from  the  same  press  include  a  volume  of 
"  University  of  Chicago  Sermons,"  delivered  by 
eighteen  leading  members  of  the  university  facul- 
ties, covering  various  phases  of  religious  life  and 
thought ;  and  "  The  Bixby  Gospels,"  edited  by  Dr. 
Edgar  J.  Goodspeed,  Associate  Professor  of  Bibli- 
cal and  Patristic  Greek  in  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago. The  Greek  manuscript  known  as  the  Bixby 
Gospels  —  belonging  to  Mr.  W.  K.  Bixby,  of .  St. 
Louis  —  was  preserved  in  the  convent  library  of 
Pantocrator,  on  Mount  Athos.  The  forthcoming 
volume  will  consist  of  a  complete  collation  of  its 
text,  and  presenting  also  its  most  curious  feature, 
five  pages  of  chronological  material,  mostly  from 
the  work  of  Hippolytus,  of  Thebes,  about  A.  D.  700, 
which  are  prefixed  to  it. 


TOPICS  ix  ^LEADING  PERIODICALS. 

May,  1915. 

African  Roots  of  War.    W.  E.  B.  Du  Bois     ....     Atlantic 
Alaska's  Government  Railroad.     J.  E.  Ballaine     Rev.  of  Revs. 


Amer 
Amer 


Amer 
Amer 


ca,  The  Conquest  of.     Cleveland  Moffett 
ca  in  the  18th  Century.     C.  H.  Sherrill 


McClwre 
Scribner 


Amer  can  Fiction.     James  Stephens Century 


can  Industries  and  the  War.     W.   H.   Glasson     So.  Ail. 


can  Intellectual  Life.    P.  S.  Reinsch 


No.  Amer. 


Amer  can-Japanese  Situation,  The.  Caret  Garrett  Everybody's 
Ballads,  Sea,  in  Kentucky.  W.  A.  Bradley  ....  Harper 
Barbarism,  Culture,  Empire,  Union.  B.  I.  Oilman  .  Pop.  Se. 
Baseball,  Organized.  Irving  E.  Sanborn  .  .  .  Everybody's 

Beauty,  Native.    Mary  E.  Merrill Am.  Homes 

Belgium,  The  Invasion  of.  Charles  S.  Allen  .  .  .  Mid-West 
Botha,  Campaigning  under.  Cyril  Campbell  .  .  .  Atlantic 
Boyen's  Military  Law.  G.  S.  Ford  ....  Am.  Hist.  Rev. 

British  Cabinet,  The.     A.  G.  Gardiner Atlantic 

Bulldog,  The  English.   T.  C.  Turner Am.  Homes 

Cables,  Transatlantic.  P.  T.  McGrath  .  .  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Canada  and  the  War.  J.  E.  Le  Rossignol  .  .  .  Mid-West 
Canadian  Rockies,  In  the.  Mary  L.  Jobe  .  .  .  .  Harper 


352 


THE   DIAL 


[April  29 


Canadian  Transcontinental  Railway,  The.    Duncan 

MacPherson Scribner 

Climate,  Civilization  and.  Ellsworth  Huntington  .  Harper 
Commercial  Rivalry:  1700-1760.  C.M.Andrews  Am.  Hist.  Rev. 
Congress,  Corridors  of.  Robert  U.  Johnson  .  .  No.  Amer. 

Conrad.     Arthur   Symons Forum 

Conversation  and  the  Novelist.     W.  L.  Randell     .     .     Forum 

Cosmos.     Gardner  Teall Am.  Homes 

Cotton  Factorage  System,  The.  A.  H.  Stone  Am.  Hist.  Rev. 
Credit  at  Home  and  Abroad.  W.  F.  Wyman  .  World's  Work 
Culture  and  Prejudice.  Henry  S.  Canby  ....  Harper 
Czar  and  His  People,  The.  Infanta  Eulalia  .  .  .  Century 

Earthquake  Areas.     J.  S.  Grasty Pop.  Sc. 

Elizabethan  Showmen,  Tricks  of.  T.  S.  Graves  .  .  So.  Atl. 
Englishman,  Diagnosis  of  the.  John  Galsworthy  No.  Amer. 
Eugenics  and  the  War.  J.  Arthur  Thompson  .  .  Pop.  Sc. 

Europe.    Karl  Remer Forum 

Far  East,  New  Menace  in.  Francis  Aldridge  .  .  No.  Amer. 
Farms  and  Finance.  D.  F.  Houston  ....  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Federal  Trade  Commission,  The.  J.  E.  Davies  World's  Work 
Federal  Trust  Legislation.  George  A.  Stephens  .  .  So.  Atl. 
Film  Drama,  The.  George  Bernard  Shaw  .  .  Metropolitan 

Fishing  Experiences.     Willis  B.  Allen Scribner 

Freshman  Knowledge.  Charles  V.  Stansell  ....  Forum 
Gamblers,  Six  Tremendous.  E.  M.  Woolley  .  .  .  McClure 
German  Fighting-front,  On  the.  Ernest  Poole  .  Everybody's 
German  Hospitals  and  Prisons.  A.  J.  Beveridge  Rev.  of  Revs. 
German  vs.  English  Aggression.  A.  D.  Schrag  .  Mid-West 
Germany  on  the  Defensive.  F.  H.  Simonds  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 

Government  by  Majority.     N.  I.  Stone Century 

Hay,  John,  Unpublished  Letters  of Harper 

Henry  Street,  The  House  on  —  III.  Lillian  D.  Wald  Atlantic 
Heredity,  Scientific  Men  and.  J.  M.  Cattell  .  .  .  Pop.  Sc. 
Horticulture,  Women  in.  Katharine  S.  Reed  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 

House,  The  Small.    Henry  Hurlbett Am.  Homes 

Italy's  Reasons.    Owen  Wilson World's  Work 

Joffre  and  the  New  France.  James  Middleton  World's  Work 
Labor  Disputes,  Violence  in.  Walter  Lippmann  Metropolitan 
Medical  "  Science,"  Modern.  Helen  S.  Gray  .  .  .  Forum 
Mexico,  Sunny  Side  of.  Lincoln  Steffens  .  .  Metropolitan 

Misrule,  The  Lord  of.     Alfred  Noyes No.  Amer. 

Mississippi :  The  Great  River.     George  Marvin     World's  Work 

Moral  Progress.     F.  Stuart  Chapin Pop.  Sc. 

"  Movies,"  Daring  Deeds  in  the.  Cleveland  Moffett  American 
Municipal  Court,  A  Modern.  D.  A.  Baer  ....  Century 

Nature  and  the  Psalmist.    W.  P.  Eaton Harper 

Neutralization  of  the  Sea.  "  Norman  Angell  "  .  No.  Amer. 
Neuve  Chapelle,  Battle  of.  E.  A.  Bartlett  .  .  Metropolitan 
Neuve  Chapelle,  Battle  of.  J.  S.  Auerbach  .  .  .  No.  Amer. 
Noyes,  Alfred,  Poetry  of.  John  O.  Beaty  ....  So.  Atl. 
Panama  Canal,  Building  the  —  III.  G.  W.  Goethals  Scribner 

Parenthood.    Mary  Ware  Dennett Century 

Paris  in  Wartime.     Edith  Wharton Scribner 

Patriotism,  The  Higher.  J.  G.  Hibben  ....  No.  Amer. 
Peabody  Educational  Fund,  The.  E.  W.  Knight  .  So.  Atl. 

Peace,  The  Ideal  of.     S.   B.  Xiass Mid-West 

Peace  Advocate,  The.     Rolaira  Hugins So.  Atl. 

Peace  the  Aristocrat.     Albert  J.  Nock Atlantic 

Ferret,  Frank  A.  French  Strother  ....  World's  Work 
Pewter,  American.  Robert  L.  Ames  ....  Am.  Homes 

Play  Attitude,  The.     E.  L.  Talbert Pop.  Sc. 

Poetry,  The  New.     Horace  Holley Forum 

Poland's  Story.    Judson  C.  Welliver Century 

Pork  Barrel  Pensions.  Burton  J.  Hendrick  .  World's  Work 
Prisons  of  Freedom.  F.  M.  White  ....  World's  Work 
Prohibition  in  Canada,  J.  P.  Gerrie  ....  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Religious  Education.  Harriet  L.  Bradley  ....  Forum 

Revivalism,  Mechanics  of.    J.  H.  Odell Atlantic 

Russia,  The  New.    Charles  Johnston     ....     Rev.  of  Revs. 

Samplers.      Walter   F.   White .     Am.  Homes 

San  Diego,  The  Fair  at.  Bensel  Smythe  .  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Sothern,  E.  H.,  The  Art  of.  William  Winter  .  .  Century 
"  Speeding  "  and  Scientific  Management.  Ida  M. 

Tarbell        American 

Stars,  Measuring  Heat  from.  W.  W.  Coblentz  .  .  Pop.  Sc. 
State  Governments,  Our  Irresponsible.  W.  D.  Hines  Atlantic 
Sunday,  Billy,  Back  of.  John  Reed  ....  Metropolitan 
Switzerland's  National  Army.  R.  M.  Johnston  .  .  Century 
Tahiti,  History  of  —  III.  A.  G.  Mayer  ...  .  Pop.  Sc. 

Turk,  My  Friend  the.    H.  G.  Dwight Atlantic 

Vases  from  Old  Jars.    S.  Leonard  Bastin     .     .     .    Am.  Homes 

Verlaine,  Paul.     Arthur  Symons No.  Amer. 

Verse,  Southern,  Recent.  H.  H.  Peckham  .  .  .  .So.  Atl. 
Voice  and  the  Actor.  Henrietta  Crosman  ....  Century 

Wages  and  Salaries.     Scott  Nearing Pop.  Sc. 

War,  Colonial  Aspects  of  the.  C.  D.  Allin  .  .  .  Mid-West 
War,  Diplomatic  Background  of  the.  B.  E.  Schmitt  Mid-West 
War,  Potential  Substitute  for.  Percy  MacKaye  .  No.  Amer. 
War,  The:  A  Way  Out.  G.  Lowes  Dickinson  .  .  Atlantic 
War,  The  British  Empire,  America  and.  G.  L.  Beer  Forum 
War,  The  Government  and  the.  George  Harvey  .  No.  Amer. 
War,  Women  and.  Agnes  Repplier  ......  Atlantic 

War  and  Drink.   James  D.  Whelpley Century 

Warburg,  the  Revolutionist.    Harold  Kellock     .     .     .     Century 

Washington  Square.     Pietra  Van  Brunt Forum 

Wilderness,  In  the.     Zephine  Humphrey     ......     Forum 

Yorkshire,   Smuggling   in.     Walter  Wood     .     ...     Harper 

Zuloaga,   Ignacio.      Christian   Brinton Scribner 


OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  170  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

HISTORY  AND   BIOGRAPHY. 

The  American  Indian  as  Slaveholder  and  Secession- 
ist: An  Omitted  Chapter  in  the  Diplomatic  His- 
tory of  the  Southern  Confederacy.  By  Annie 
Heloise  Abel,  Ph.D.  Volume  I.  With  portraits, 
large  8vo,  394  pages.  Cleveland:  Arthur  H. 
Clark  Co.  $5.  net. 

Makers  of  New  France.  By  Charles  Dawbarn. 
With  portraits,  8vo,  246  pages.  James  Pott  & 
Co.  $2.50  net. 

John  Shaw  Billings:  A  Memoir.  By  Fielding  H. 
Garrison,  M.D.  Illustrated,  large  8vo,  432  pages. 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $2.50  net. 

Military  Annals  of  Greece.  By  William  L.  Snyder. 
In  2  volumes,  12  mo.  Richard  G.  Badger.  $3.  net. 

Germany  Since  174O.  By  George  Madison  Priest. 
With  maps,  12mo,  199  pages.  Ginn  &  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

Life  and  Influence  of  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Randall. 
By  Frederick  L..  Wiley.  Illustrated,  8vo,  310 
pages.  American  Baptist  Publication  Society. 
$1.  net. 

The  Relation  of  the  State  to  Historical  Work.  By 
Clarence  W.  Alvord.  12mo,  34  pages.  St.  Paul: 
Minnesota  Historical  Society.  Paper. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 

The  Modern  Drama:  An  Essay  in  Interpretation. 
By  Ludwig  Lewisohn.  12mo,  340  pages.  B.  W. 
Huebsch.  $1.50  net. 

Mediaeval  Spanish  Allegory.  By  Chandler  Rathfon 
Post.  With  frontispiece,  8vo,  331  pages.  Har- 
vard University  Press. 

Eight  O'clock,  and  Other  Studies.  By  St.  John  G. 
Ervine.  12mo,  128  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.  net. 

Parsival.  By  Gerhard  Hauptmann ;  translated  from 
the  German  by  Oakley  Williams.  12mo,  117 
pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.  net. 

Elliott  Monographs.  Edited  by  Edward  C.  Arm- 
strong. Comprising:  La  Composition  de  Sa- 
lammbS,  par  F.  A.  Blossom;  Sources  and 
Structure  of  Flaubert's  SalammbS,  by  P.  B.  Fay 
and  A.  Coleman;  Flaubert's  Literary  Develop- 
ment, by  A.  Coleman.  Each  Svo.  Baltimore: 
The  Johns  Hopkins  Press.  Paper. 

Baldwin  MolIIiaiisen:  The  German  Cooper.  By 
Preston  Albert  Barba,  Ph.D.  With  portrait, 
large  Svo,  188  pages.  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania Press.  Paper. 

The  Novels  and  Ideas  of  Madame  Marcelle  Tinayre. 
By  Benjamin  M.  Woodbridge.  12mo,  24  pages. 
Austin:  University  of  Texas.  Paper. 

DRAMA  AND  VERSE. 

Collected  Poems.  By  A.  E.  12mo,  275  pages.  Mac- 
millan Co.  $2.  net. 

The  Man  Who  Married  a  Dumb  Wife:  A  Comedy  in 
Two  Acts.  By  Anatole  France;  translated  from 
the  French  by  Curtis  Hidden  Page.  Illustrated, 
12mo,  93  pages.  John  Lane  Co.  75  cts.  net. 

North  of  Boston.  By  Robert  Frost.  12mo,  13T 
pages.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

A  Boy's  Will.  By  Robert  Frost.  12mo,  63  pages.. 
Henry  Holt  &  Co.  75  cts.  net. 

Jocelyn:  A  Play  and  Thirty  Verses.  By  Charles 
William  Brackett.  12mo,  93  pages.  Richard  G. 
Badger.  $1.  net. 

Battle  Poems  and  Patriotic  Verses:  A  War  An- 
thology. By  George  Goodchild.  16mo,  224  pages. 
Hearst's  International  Library  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Book  of  the  Serpent.  By  Katharine  Howard. 
Second  edition;  12mo,  53  pages.  Sherman, 
French  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

Sun  and  Saddle  Leather.  By  Charles  Badger  Clark, 
Jr.  With  portrait,  12mo,  56  pages.  Richard  G. 
Badger.  $1.  net. 

The  Seal  of  Hellas:  A  Classical  Drama.  By  Temple 
Oliver.  12mo,  80  pages.  Sherman,  French  &  Co. 
$1.  net. 

Earth  with  Her  Bars,  and  Other  Poems.  By  Edith 
Dart.  18mo,  64  pages.  Longmans,  Green  &  Co. 
*  40  cts.  net. 

Resurgam:  Poems  and  Lyrics.  By  O.  R.  Howard 
Thomson.  12mo,  36  pages.  Philadelphia:  Wil- 
liam M.  Bains.  ; 

"  Swat  the  Fly!  "  A  One-act  Fantasy.  By  Eleanor 
Gates.  12mo,  31  pages.  New  York:  Arrow 
Publishing  Co.  25  cts.  net. 


1915] 


353 


FICTION. 

The  House  of  the  Misty  Star:  A  Romance  of  Love 
and  Youth  in  Old  Japan.  By  Frances  Little 
(Fannie  Caldwell  Macaulay).  Illustrated,  12mo, 
270  pages.  Century  Co.  $1.25  net. 
The  Keeper  of  the  Door.  By  Ethel  M.  Dell.  With 
frontispiece  in  color,  12mo,  590  pages.  G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons.  $1.40  net. 

A  Cloistered  Romance.  By  Florence  Olmstead. 
12mo,  335  pages.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 
$1.25  net. 

The  Jester.  By  Leslie  Moore.  With  frontispiece  in 
color,  12mo,  341  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 
$1.35  net. 

Daybreak:  A  Story  of  the  Age  of  Discovery.  By 
Elizabeth  Miller.  12mo,  430  pages.  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons.  $1.35  net. 

The  House  of  the  Dead.  By  Fyodor  Dostoevsky; 
translated  from  the  Russian  by  Constance  Gar- 
nett.  12mo,  284  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50  net. 
The  lOiiRle  of  the  Empire.  By  Cyrus  Townsend 
Brady.  Illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  12mo,  370  pages. 
George  H.  Doran  Co.  $1.35  net. 

The  Competitive  Nephew.  By  Montague  Glass. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  350  pages.  Doubleday,  Page 
&  Co.  $1.20  net. 

The  Business  Adventures  of  Billy  Thomas.  By 
Elmer  E.  Ferris.  With  frontispiece,  12mo,  227 
pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Snare.  By  George  Vane  (Visconde  de  Sar- 
mento).  12mo,  339  pages.  John  Lane  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

The  Boss  of  the  Lazy  Y.  By  Charles  Alden  Seltzer. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  347  pages.  A.  C.  McClurg  & 
Co.  $1.30  net. 

The  Double  Squeeze.  By  Henry  Beach  Needham; 
with  Introduction  by  Connie  Mack.  Illustrated, 
12mo,  249  pages.  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co. 
$1.25  r.et. 

Grocer  Greatheart:  A  Tropical  Romance.  By  Ar- 
thur Adams.  12mo,  326  pages.  John  Lane  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

Bred  of  the  Desert:     A  Horse  and  a  Romance.     By 

Marcus    Horton.      With    frontispiece,    12mo,    289 

pages.     Harper  &  Brothers.     $1.30  net. 

"  Breath  of  the  Jungle."     By  James  Francis  Dwyer. 

12mo,  356  pages.     A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.     $1.25  net. 

Still  Jim.     By  Honorg  Willsie.     Illustrated  in  color, 

etc.,  12mo,  369  pages.      F.  A.  Stokes  Co.      $1.35  net. 

Bram    of    the    Five    Corners.      By    Arnold    Mulder. 

12mo,  366  pages.     A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.     $1.25  net. 

Spray  on  the  Windows.     By  J.  E.  Buckrose.     12mo, 

320  pages.     George  H.  Doran  Co.     $1.25  net. 
Marriage  by  Conquest.     By  Warwick  Deeping.     With 
frontispiece  in  color,  12mo,  342  pages.     McBride, 
Nast  &  Co.     $1.25  net. 
The     Beloved.     By     James     Oppenheim.     12mo,     268 

pages.     B.  W.  Huebsch.     $1.25  net. 
The  Curse   of  Castle  Eagle.     By  Katharine  Tynan. 

12mo,  230  pages.     Duffleld  &  Co.     $1.25  net. 
The  War  Terror:     Further  Adventures  with  Craig 
Kennedy,    Scientific    Detective.      By    Arthur    B. 
Reeve.       With     frontispiece,     12mo,     376     pages. 
Hearst's  International  Library  Co.     $1.  net. 
The    Tunnel.     By    Bernard    Kellerman.      12mo,    322 

pages.     Macaulay  Co.     $1.25  net. 

The  Seas  of  God.  Illustrated  in  color,  12mo,  384 
pages.  Hearst's  International  Library  Co. 
$1.35  net. 

Like    unto    a    Merchant.     By    Mary    Agatha    Gray. 

12mo,  277  pages.     Benziger  Brothers.     $1.35  net 

Come-on  Charley.     By  Thomas  Addison.     12mo,  342 

pages.     G.  W.  Dillingham  Co.     $1.25  net. 
The  Man  Who  Forgot.     By   James  Hay,  Jr.      12mo, 
311   pages.      Doubleday,  Page   &   Co.      $1.25   net. 
The    Heart    of    Uncle    Terry.       By     Charles    Clark 
Munn.      Illustrated,    12mo,    480   pages.     Lothrop, 
Lee  &  Shepard  Co.     $1.25  net. 

The  Honor  of  His  House.  By  Andrew  Soutar. 
12mo,  336  pages.  G.  W.  Dillingham  Co. 
$1  25  net 

Elbow  Lane.     By  the  author  of  "  Altogether  Jane." 
12mo,  214  pages.     Mitchell  Kennerley.     $1.25  net. 
August    First.      By    Mary    Raymond    Shipman    An- 
drews    and     Roy     Irving    Murray.       Illustrated, 
12mo,     179     pages.       Charles     Scribner's     Sons. 

Getting  a  Wrong  Start:  A  Truthful  Autobiography. 
12mo,  234  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.  net. 

Pierrot:  Dog  of  Belgium.  By  Walter  A.  Dyer. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  112  pages.  Doubleday,  Page 
&  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Thousand  Secrets.  By  John  Selborne.  12mo, 
355  pages.  Mitchell  Kennerley.  $1.  net. 

In  Those  Days:  The  Story  of  an  Old  Man.  By 
Jehudah  Steinberg;  translated  from  the  Hebrew 
by  George  Jeshurun.  12mo,  199  pages.  Phila- 
delphia: Jewish  Publication  Society  of  America. 


Her  Majesty  the  King:      A  Romance   of  the  Harem. 

By    James    Jeffrey    Roce;     illustrated    by    Oliver 

Herford.  12mo,  149  pages.     A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co. 

$1.  net. 
The   Cocoon:     A  Rest-cure   Comedy.     By  Ruth   Mc- 

Enery  Stuart.     With  frontispiece,  12mo,  190  pages. 

Hearst's  International  Library  Co.     $1.  net. 
The     City    of    Pleasure:      A    Fantasia    on     Modern 

Themes.     By  Arnold  Bennett.     12mo,   291  pages. 

George  H.  Doran  Co.     50  cts.  net. 

All  for  His  Country.  By  J.  U.  Giesy.  With  frontis- 
piece in  color,  12mo,  320  pages.  Macaulay  Co. 

50  cts.  net. 
Steve    of   the    "  Bar-G "    Ranch.     By    Marion    Reid- 

Girardot.      Illustrated,  12mo,  287  pages.     Hearst's 

International  Library  Co.     $1.  net. 

TRAVEL  AND  DESCRIPTION. 

South  of  Panama.     By  Edward  Alsworth  Ross.     Il- 
lustrated, 8vo,  396  pages.      Century  Co.      $2.40  net. 
An  Essay  on  the  Civilizations  of  India,  China,  and 

Japan.      By  G.  Lowes  Dickinson.      16mo,  86  pages. 

Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.     60  cts.  net. 
The  Log  of  a  Timber  Cruiser.     By  William  Pinkney 

Lawson.     Illustrated,  8vo,  214  pages.     Duffleld  & 

Co.     $1.50  net. 
An  Englishwoman  In  a  Turkish  Harem.     By  Grace 

Ellison;       with      Introduction     by     Edward     G. 

Browne,  M.A.     12mo,  215  pages.     McBride,  Nast 

&  Co.     $1.50  net. 
The  Gentle  Pioneers.     By  R.  Habersham  Barnwell. 

12mo,  363  pages.     Richard  G.  Badger.     $1.25  net. 
The   Belgians   at   Home.     By  Clive  Holland.      16mo, 

243  pages.     Macmillan  Co.     40  cts.  net. 

SOCIOLOGY  AND  ECONOMICS. 

The  Social  Problem:  A  Constructive  Analysis.  By 
Charles  A.  Ellwood,  Ph.D.  12mo,  255  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  City  Manager:  A  New  Profession.  By  Harry 
Aubrey  Toulmin,  Jr.  12mo,  310  pages.  D.  Apple- 
ton  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

The  Field  of  Social  Service.  Edited  by  Philip 
Davis.  "Welfare  Series."  Illustrated,  12mo,  436 
pages.  Small,  Maynard  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Societal  Evolution:  A  Study  of  the  Evolutionary 
Basis  of  the  Science  of  Society.  By  Albert  Gal- 
loway Keller.  12mo,  338  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$1.50  net. 

The  Family.  By  Helen  Bosanquet.  Large  8vo,  344 
pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $2.25  net. 

The  Monroe  Doctrine:  National  or  International? 
By  William  I.  Hull,  Ph.D.  12mo,  136  pages. 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  75  cts.  net. 

City  Life  and  Its  Amelioration.  By  George  Sharp. 
12mo,  127  pages.  Richard  G.  Badger.  $1.  net. 

\Vhy  Crime  Does  Not  Pay.  By  Sophie  Lyons.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  268  pages.  J.  S.  Ogilvie  Publish- 
ing Co.  $1.  net. 

THE  GREAT  WAR  —  ITS  PROBLEMS,  HISTORY, 
AND  CONSEQUENCES. 

America  and  the  New  World-state:  A  Plea  for 
American  Leadership  in  International  Organiza- 
tion. By  "  Norman  Angell."  12mo,  305  pages. 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.25  net. 

Arms  and  the  Race:  The  Foundations  of  Army 
Reform.  By  R.  M.  Johnston.  16mo,  219  pages. 
Century  Co.  $1.  net. 

Germany's  Isolation:  An  Exposition  of  the  Eco- 
nomic Causes  of  the  War.  By  Paul  Rohrbach; 
translated  from  the  German  by  Paul  H.  Phillip- 
son,  Ph.D.  12mo,  186  pages.  A.  C.  McClurg  & 

Paris' Waits,6 1914.     By  M.   E.  Clarke.     Illustrated, 

12mo,  315  pages.      G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.      $1.25  net. 
The    Peace    and    America.      By    Hugo    Miinsterberg. 

12mo,  276  pages.     D.  Appleton  &  Co.     $1.  net. 
Why   Europe   Is   at  War.     By   Frederic   R.   Coudert 

and    others.      12mo,   170   pages.     G.   P.   Putnam's 

Sons.     $1.  net. 
Germany   and    England.      By    Friedrich    von    Bern- 

hardi.      With    portrait,    12mo,    93    pages.     G.    \V. 

Dillingham  Co.     50  cts.  net. 
War's  New  Weapons.    By  Baron  Hrolf  von  Dewitz; 

with    Preface    by    Hudson    Maxim.      Illustrated, 

12mo    295  pages.     Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.     $1.50  net. 
Our  Navy  and  the  Next  War.    By  Robert  W.  Neeser. 

12mo,     204     pages.       Charles     Scribner's     Sons. 

The  War  Book  of  the  German  General  Staff.  Trans- 
lated, with  Critical  Introduction,  by  J.  H.  Mor- 
gan, M.A.  12mo,  199  pages.  McBride,  Nast  & 
Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Holy  War:  "  Made  in  Germany."  By  C. 
Snouck  Hurgronje;  with  Introduction  by  Rich- 
ard J.  H.  Gottheil.  12mo,  82  pages.  G.  P.  Put- 
nam's Sons.  75  cts.  net. 


354 


THE   DIAL 


[April  29 


What  of  To-day  t  By  Father  Bernard  Vaughan, 
S.J.  With  portrait,  8vo,  392  pages.  McBride, 
Nast  &  Co.  $2.  net. 

The  Third  Great  War,  1914-15:  Its  Relation  to 
Modern  History.  By  Laurie  Magnus,  M.A. ;  with 
Foreword  by  George  Haven  Putnam.  12mo,  194 
pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.  net. 

Kaiser,  Krupp,  and  Kultur.  By  Theodore  Andrea 
Cook.  12mo,  178  pages.  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons.  75  cts.  net. 

Friendly  Russia.  By  Denis  Garstin;  with  Intro- 
duction by  H.  G.  Wells.  12mo,  248  pages.  Mc- 
Bride, Nast  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Historical  Backgrounds  of  the  Great  "War:  The 
War,  Its  Origins  and  Warnings.  By  Frank  J. 
Adkins.  12mo,  227  pages.  McBride,  Nast  &  Co. 
$1.  net. 

The  German  Army  in  the  War.  By  A.  Hilliard 
Atteridge.  16mo,  127  pages.  McBride,  Nast  & 
Co.  50  cts.  net. 

La  Guerre  Vue  d'une  Ambulance.  Par  L'Abbe  Felix 
Klein.  Illustrated,  12mo,  272  pages.  Paris: 
Armand  Colin.  Paper. 

Supermania.  Translated  from  the  French  of  Ray- 
mond Colleye  de  Weerdt.  12mo,  85  pages. 
Oxford:  B.  H.  Black  well.  Paper. 

Oxford  Pamphlets.  New  titles:  The  Leadership  of 
the  World,  by  F.  S.  Marvin;  All  for  Germany,  by 
Dr.  Pangloss  and  M.  Candide;  German  Sea- 
power,  by  Charles  Sanford  Terry;  The  Battles 
of  the  Marne  and  Aisne,  by  H.  W.  C.  Davis. 
Each  12mo.  Oxford  University  Press.  Paper. 

Les  Refugies  Beiges  Taxes  par  leg  Allemands.  Par 
H.  Anthonis.  12mo,  23  pages.  Oxford:  B.  H. 
Blackwell.  Paper. 

PHILOSOPHY  AND  PSYCHOLOGY. 
What  Is  Living:  and  What  Is  Dead  of  the  Philoso- 
phy of  Hegel.     By  Benedetto  Croce;    translated    ! 

from   the   Italian   by  Douglas  Ainslie.     8vo,   217 

pages.     Macmillan  Co.     $2.  net. 
Psychology     and     Parenthood.     By     H.     Addington 

Bruce.      12mo,    293    pages.      Dodd,    Mead    &    Co. 

$1.25  net. 
Modern  Philosophers  and  Lectures  on  Bergson.     By 

Harald  H6ffding;    translated  by  Alfred  C.  Mason, 

M.A.     12mo,  317  pages.     Macmillan  Co.     $1.40  net. 
Ruysbroeck.      By    Evelyn    Underbill.      "  The    Quest 

Series."     12mo,  193  pages.    Macmillan  Co.     $1.  net. 
The  Edinburgh  Lectures  on  Mental   Science.     By  T. 

Troward.      12mo,    130    pages.      McBride,    Nast    & 

Co.     $1.25  net. 
The    Dore    Lectures.      By    T.    Troward.      12mo,    109 

pages.     McBride,  Nast  &  Co.     $1.  net. 

RELIGION  AND  THEOLOGY. 

Works  of  Martin  Luther.  With  Introductions  and 
Notes.  Volume  I.  8vo,  412  pages.  Philadelphia: 
A.  J.  Holman  Co.  $2.  net. 

Tke  New  World-religion.  By  Josiah  Strong.  "  Our 
World  Series."  12mo,  526  pages.  Doubleday, 
Page  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Bible  Mystery  and  Bible  Meaning.  By  T.  Troward. 
Revised  and  enlarged  edition;  8vo,  323  pages. 
McBride,  Nast  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Publicity  and  Progress  t  Twentieth  Century  Meth- 
ods in  Religious,  Educational,  and  Social  Activi- 
ties. By  Herbert  Heebner  Smith.  12mo,  228 
pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Emotions  of  Jesus.  By  Robert  Law,  D.D.  12mo, 
155  pages.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  60  cts.  net. 

The  Life  "Worth  Living;  or,  The  Religion  of  Christ. 
By  Herbert  Mortimer  Gesner.  12mo,  359  pages. 
Richard  G.  Badger.  $1.25  net. 

The  Quest  for  Wonder,  and  Other  Philosophical  and 
Theological  Studies.  By  Lynn  Harold  Hough. 
12mo,  302  pages.  The  Ablngdon  Press.  $1.  net. 

Meditations  on  the  Via  Crucis.  By  Selden  L.  Whit- 
comb.  With  frontispiece,  12mo,  47  pages.  Cedar 
Rapids:  The  Torch  Press. 

Variety  in  the  Prayer  Meeting  t  A  Manual  for  Lead- 
ers. By  William  T.  Ward;  with  Introduction  by 
William  O.  Shepard.  12mo,  192  pages.  Methodist 
Book  Concern.  50  cts.  net. 

Social  Messages:  The  New  Sanctiflcation.  By 
Charles  W.  Barnes.  12mo,  100  pages.  Methodist 
Book  Concern.  50  cts.  net. 

I  Think  -when  I  Read  That  Sweet  Story  of  Old. 
Decorated  by  Harold  Speakman.  12mo.  The 
Abingdon  Press.  25  cts.  net. 

O  Love  That  Wilt  not  Let  Me  Go.  Decorated  by 
Harold  Speakman.  12mo.  The  Abingdon  Press. 
25  cts.  net. 

Annual  Reports  of  the  Federal  Council  of  the 
Churches  of  Christ  in  America,  1914.  8vo,  231 
pages.  New  York:  National  Committee.  Paper. 

Our  Widening  Thought  of  God.  By  Charles  Sumner 
Nash.  12mo,  20  pages.  Paul  Elder  &  Co. 
25  cts.  net. 


BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG. 

Pets  for  Pleasure  and  Profit.  By  A.  Hyatt  Verrill. 
Illustrated,  8vo,  359  pages.  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons.  $1.50  net. 

Arnold's  Little  Brother.  By  Edna  A.  Brown.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  346  pages.  Lothrop,  Lee  &  Shep- 
ard Co.  $1.20  net. 

The  Land  ef  Delight <  Child  Life  on  a  Pony  Farm. 
By  Josephine  Scribner  Gates.  Illustrated,  8vo, 
115  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.  net. 

Catcher  Craig.  By  Christy  Mathewson.  Illustrated, 
12mo,  347  pages.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Boy  Scouts  of  Black  Eagle  Patrol.  By  Leslie 
W.  Quirk.  Illustrated,  12mo,  308  pages.  Little, 
Brown  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Whole  Year  Round.  By  Dallas  Lore  Sharp. 
One-volume  edition;  illustrated,  large  8vo,  134 
pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $2.  net. 

Favorite  Fairy  Tales  Retold.  By  Julia  Darrow 
Cowles.  16mo,  163  pages.  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co. 
75  cts.  net. 

The  Red  House  Children's  Year.  By  Amanda  M. 
Douglas.  Illustrated,  12mo,  326  pages.  Lothrop, 
Lee  &  Shepard  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Sleepy-time  Story-book.  By  Ruth  O.  Dyer. 
With  frontispiece,  12mo,  147  pages.  Lothrop, 
Lee  &  Shepard  Co.  $1.  net. 

When  I  Was  a  Boy  in  Belgium.  By  Robert  Jonck- 
heere.  Illustrated,  12mo,  153  pages.  Lothrop, 
Lee  &  Shepard  Co.  75  cts.  net. 

Victors  of  Peace.  By  F.  J.  Gould;  with  Introduc- 
tion by  G.  P.  Gooch,  M.A.  Illustrated,  12mo,  114 
pages.  Harper  &  Brothers.  75  cts.  net. 

Bully  and  Bawly  No-Tail  (The  Jumping  Frogs). 
By  Howard  R.  Garis.  Illustrated  in  color,  12mo, 
207  pages.  R.  F.  Fenno  &  Co.  75  cts.  net. 

Little  Blue  Bird.  By  William  L.  and  Irene  Finley. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  60  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin 
Co.  75  cts.  net. 

Jimmy  Kirkland  of  the  Cascade  College  Team.  By 
Hugh  S.  Fullerton.  Illustrated,  12mo,  265  pages. 
John  C.  Winston  Co.  60  cts.  net. 

Robert  Fulton.  By  Alice  Gary  Sutcliffe.  "  True  Sto- 
ries of  Great  Americans."  Illustrated,  12mo,  195 
pages.  Macmillan  Co.  50  cts.  net. 

Miss  Pat  and  Her  Sisters.  By  Pemberton  Ginther. 
With  frontispiece,  12mo,  325  pages.  John  C. 
Winston  Co.  35  cts.  net. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  Collected  Papers  of  John  Westlake  on  Public 
International  Law.  Edited  by  L.  Oppenheim, 
LL.D.  Large  8vo,  705  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons.  $5.50  net. 

Ancient  Hunters  and  Their  Modern  Representatives. 
By  W.  J.  Sollas.  Second  edition;  illustrated,  8vo, 
591  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 

The  Mysticism  of  Music.  By  R.  Heber  Newton,  D.D. 
12mo,  78  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  75  cts.  net. 

The  Song:  Its  Birth,  Evolution,  and  Functions.  By 
George  P.  Upton.  Illustrated,  12mo,  186  pages. 
A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

Baseball:  Individual  Play  and  Team  Play  in  Detail. 
By  W.  J.  Clarke  and  Fredrick  T.  Dawson.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  205  pages.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 
$1.  net. 

Sewage  Purification  and  Disposal.  By  G.  Bertram 
Kershaw.  Illustrated,  8vo,  340  pages.  G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons. 

Newark  Museum  Pamphlets.  New  titles:  The  Pot- 
tery and  Porcelain  of  New  Jersey,  Prior  to  1876; 
The  Clay  Products  of  New  Jersey  at  the  Present 
Time.  Each  8vo.  Newark:  Published  by  the 
Museum.  Paper. 

The  Public  Schools  and  Women  in  Office  Service. 
Prepared  under  the  direction  of  May  Allinson, 
A.M.  Large  8vo,  187  pages.  Boston:  Women's 
Educational  and  Industrial  Union. 

The  Return.  By  John  Malmesbury  Wright.  With 
portrait,  18mo,  14  pages.  Paul  Elder  &  Co. 

Hancock's  Applied  Mechanics  for  Engineers.  Re- 
vised and  rewritten  by  N.  C.  Riggs.  12mo,  441 
pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $2.40  net. 

The  Principles  of  Fruit-growing.  With  Applica- 
tions to  Practice.  By  L.  H.  Bailey.  Twentieth 
edition,  revised;  illustrated,  12mo,  432  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  $1.75  net. 

A  B  C  of  Gardening.  By  Eben  E.  Rexford.  16mo. 
115  pages.  Harper  &  Brothers.  50  cts.  net. 

Autumn  Notes  in  Iowa.  By  Selden  Lincoln  Whit- 
comb.  With  frontispiece,  12mo,  192  pages. 
Cedar  Rapids:  The  Torch  Press. 

Indoor  Games  for  Awkward  Moments.  Collected  by 
Ruth  Blakely.  Illustrated,  12mo,  163  pages. 
Hearst's  International  Library  Co.  $1.  net. 

Roma:  Ancient,  Subterranean,  and  Modern  Rome 
in  Word  and  Picture.  By  Albert  Kuhn,  D.D. 
Part  VIII.,  4to.  Benziger  Brothers.  Paper, 
35  cts.  net. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


355 


Photoplay  Making.  By  Howard  T.  Dimick.  8vo, 
103  pages.  Ridgewood:  The  Editor  Co.  $1.10  net. 

The  Art  of  Speech  Making.  By  Nathaniel  C. 
Fowler,  Jr.  12mo,  226  pages.  Sully  &  Klein- 
teich.  50  cts.  net. 

The  Semantic**  of  -Mentnm,  -Bulnm,  and  -Calum. 
By  Edmund  D.  Cressman,  Ph.D.  "  University  of 
Kansas  Humanistic  Studies."  8vo,  56  pages. 
Lawrence:  University  of  Kansas.  Paper. 

The  Common  Law  and  the  Case  Method  in  Amer- 
ican University  Law  Schools.  By  Josef  Redlich. 
Large  8vo,  84  pages.  New  York:  Carnegie 
Foundation  for  the  Advancement  of  Teaching. 
Paper. 

Chinese  Clay  Figures.  By  Berthold  Laufer.  Part  I., 
Prolegomena  on  the  History  of  Defensive  Armor. 
Illustrated.  8vo.  Chicago:  Field  Museum  of 
Natural  History.  Paper. 

Human  Pearls.  By  Francis  Eaton  Burnett,  D.D.S. 
Illustrated,  16mo,  77  pages.  Chicago:  R.  R. 
Donnelley  &  Sons  Co. 

Shattuck's  Parliamentary  Answers:  Arranged  for 
"Women's  Organizations.  By  Harriette  R.  Shat- 
tuck.  16mo,  213  pages.  Lothrop,  Lee  &  Shepard 
Co.  60  cts.  net. 

Field  Museum  Pamphlets.  Traditions  of  the  Tin- 
guian,  a  study  in  Philippine  folk-lore,  by  Fay- 
Cooper  Cole;  Descriptions  of  New  Birds  from 
South  America  and  Adjacent  Islands,  by  Charles 
B.  Cory;  Annual  Report  of  the  Directors  to  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  Each  8vo.  Chicago:  Field 
Museum  of  Natural  History.  Paper. 

The  Small  Family  Cook  Book.  Compiled  by  Mary 
Denson  Pretlow.  I2mo,  216  pages.  McBride,  Nast 
&  Co.  75  cts.  net. 

Dainties  for  Home  Parties.  By  Florence  Williams. 
16mo,  89  pages.  Harper  &  Brothers.  50  cts.  net. 

Collected  Papers  of  Margaret  Bancroft.  12mo,  102 
pages.  Philadelphia:  Ware  Brothers  Co.  Paper. 


THE  WRITER'S  BULLETIN 

A  JOURNAL  OF  INFORMATION  FOR 

LITERARY  WORKERS 

Give*   Each  Month  an    Up-to-Date  List  of  Manu- 
script Markets.  INCLUDING  PHOTOPLAY 
Helps  You  Write.  Re-write  and  Sell 
ISc  a  copy,  $1.50  a  year,  trial  3  months  40c 

32  UNION  SQUARE.  East         NEW  YORK  CITY 


SONNETS  AND  QUATRAINS 

UNDINE:  A  Poem 

By  Antoinette  de  Course?  Patterson 
Each  $1.25 

Charming  books  of  verse  with  much  delicate  conception; 
many  of  which  have  already  appeared  in  various  mag- 
azines.   Each  volume  is  beautifully  printed  and 
a  delight  to  lovers  of  verse  and  books. 

H.  W.  FISHER  &  CO.,  1629  Chestnut  St..  Philadelphia 


HOMER  MARTIN 

POET  IN  LANDSCAPE 
By  FRANK  JEWETT  MATHER,  JR. 

Crown  octavo.    Illustrated  in  color  and  photogravure. 
250  copies  on  Dutch  handmade  paper  at  $12.50  net. 

"Will  prove  invaluable  to  students  and  lovers 
of  art."  — New  York  Evening  Post. 

"A  thoroughly  sympathetic  and  intelligent  piece  of 
criticism,  and  throws  a  great  deal  of  interesting  light 
upon  the  character,  the  aims  and  the  personality  of 
the  painter."  — Boston  Transcript. 

FREDERIC  FAIRCHILD  SHERMAN 
1790  BROADWAY  NEW  YORK  CITY 


THE 

BIBELOT 


1895-1915 


The  Bibelot  in  complete  sets 
is  sold  on  partial  payments 
and  immediate  delivery 
made  of  all  the  volumes  on 
terms  mutually  satisfactory 
to  publisher  and  purchaser. 


THOMAS  BIRD  MOSHER 

Portland,  Maine 


The  Miscellany 

does  not  pose  as  a  marvel  of  de  luxe  book- 
making  but  it  does  endeavor  to  present  its 
material  in  a  better  form  than  is  usually 
employed  in  periodicals.  Of  interest  to  all 
lovers  of  books  and  things  bookish.  Issued 
quarterly:  One  dollar  per  year. 

THE  MISCELLANY 

17  Board  of  Trade         Kansas  City,  Missouri 


You  Could  Not  Read 
10,000  Books  a  Year 

You  would  not  want  to  if  you  could,  but  you 
would  probably  like  to  know  which  of  them  were 
worth  reading. 

That  was  approximately  the  number  of  books 
published  last  year. 

We  read  them  all   and  sorted  out  the  best. 

We  will  do  the  same  this  year — that  is  the 
chief  business  of 

The  Book  News  Monthly 

and  besides  being  your  literary  critic,  we  intro- 
duce to  you,  in  an  intimate  manner,  the  authors 
of  to-day. 

We  tell  you  of  fascinating,  out-of-the-way 
places — the  sort  that  charm  the  traveler. 
We  give  serials  of  the  best  type  of  fiction — 
Twelve  authors'  portraits,  size  7  in.xlO  in. — 
Twelve  colored  frontispiece  pictures  worth 
framing. 

A  literary  guide,  and  a  magazine  of  entertain- 
ment and  instruction  for  $1.00  a  year,  10  cents 
a  copy. 

Sample  copy  on  request. 

THE  BOOK  NEWS  MONTHLY 

PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 


356 


THE   DIAL 


[  April  29 


i 

MRS.  RACHEL  WEST  CLEMENT 

Experienced   Authors'  Agent,  Reader   and    Critic,   Specializing    in 
Short  Stories.      Reading  fee,  $1.00  for  5,000  words  or  under,  includes 
short  criticism.                                                                    Circulars  on  request. 

6646  Germantown  Ave..  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

FVf       HOT    T  V  Authors'  and  Publishers' 
•    iV1»    *l\JLiLi  I              Representative 

156  Fifth  Avenue.  New  York     (Established  1905) 
RATES  AND  FULL    INFORMATION  WILL  BE  SENT  ON  REQUEST 

THE  NEW  YORK  BUREAU  OF  REVISION 

Thirty-fifth  Year.     LETTERS  OF  CRITICISM.  EXPERT 
REVISION  OF  MSS.     Advice  as  to  publication.     Address 
DR.  TITUS  M.  COAN,  424  W.  119th  St.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

1^  J,,       HI  f  :  ^                   110  N-  w«l>ash  Ave. 

Index  UtllCe,  Inc.        CHICAGO 

Organized  as  a  reference  bureau  and  intermediary 
between  libraries  and  the  public. 

Selfor  fireStenumbeSro1f1PS  RcfcrCnCC  Bllll<'tin 

T?  A  f^T'C     CT  A  TTICT'T/^'C  a"d  other  material 
JP  AL.J.3,  alAllalllid  for   addresses,   re- 
ports, essays.    Literary  ad  vice  and  criticism.   Revision  and 
correction  of  MSS.    Genealogical  research. 

BUREAU  OF  RESEARCH          New  Albany.  Ind. 

WRITERS—  ATTENTION! 

SHORT  STORIES,  POEMS,  PHOTO  PLAYS,  Etc., 
are  wanted  for  publication. 

Submit  Mss.  for  free  examination. 
National  Literary  Bureau,  D3,  Hannibal.  Mo. 

MANUSCRIPTS 

CRITICISED           REVISED           PLACED 
N.  SHEPPARD 
149  West  14th  Street                       NEW  YORK  CITY 

If  you  want  results  send  stamp  for  circular 

ROBERT  LOUIS  STEVENSON 

Books  from  His  Library,  FIRST  EDITIONS  of 
His  Wo.ks,  MANUSCRIPTS,   Autographs, 
Relics,  and  other  STEVENSONIANA. 
CATALOGUE  in  Preparation  —  Sent  on  Request. 
C.  GERHARD!  &  CO.,  120  East  59th  St.,  New  York 

American  Short  Stories  and  Plays  wanted  for  Italy. 
Russia,  France.  Austria  and  Scandinavia 

Expert    Criticism,  Translation   and    the  Placing   of   Manuscripts. 
Oldest  Established  Literary  Agency  in  Europe 
(Founded  in  1880  by  Paul  Hertzmann,  M.  A.,  Ph.  D.) 
Fees  (which  must  accompany  typed  manuscript  in  registered  letter) 
as  follows:    Two  dollars  for  Short  Story  under  3,000  words.     Five 
dollars  for  Story  under  10,000  words.     Ten  dollars  for  plays. 

THE  ITALIAN  LITERARY  AGENCY 
60  Piazza  di  Spagna.  Rome.  Italy 

"Experienced,  efficient."                                       Gabriele  D'Annunzio 

» 

RARE  books  and  first  editions  collected 
and  arranged  for  people  who  are  too 
busy  to  attend  to  the  forming  of  libraries. 

Address  E.  V.,  Boston  Transcript 
BOSTON.  MASS. 

MSS.  SUCCESSFULLY  PLACED 

Criticised            Revised            Typed 

Send  for  Leaflet  D 
References:  Edwin  Markham  and  others.    Established  1890 
UNITED  LITERARY  PRESS 
123  Fifth  Avenue                               NEW  YORK  CITY 

JUST  PUBLISHED 

A  HISTORY  OF  INDIANA 

From  Earliest  Explorations  to  1850 
By  LOGAN  ESAREY.  Ph.D.. 

Instructor  of  Western  History  at  Indiana  University 
8vo.       Pp.  514.       15  Maps.       Bibliography.       Index 

An  authoritative  work  based  on  primary  sources. 
Price,  $3.00  net. 

FRANK  HENRY  RICE,  Authors'  Agent 
MARY  ASQUITH,  Play  Broker 

Personal  service  by  specialists  who  have  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  magazine,  book,  dramatic  and  motion  picture 
markets.  Particulars  upon  request. 

145  West  Forty-Fifth  Street                    NEW  YORK 

W.  K.  STEWART  CO.,  INDIANAPOLIS 

The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art 

announces  the  publication  of  a  HANDBOOK 

OF  THE  CESNOLA  COLLECTION  OF  AN- 
TIQUITIES FROM  CYPRUS,  by  John  L. 
Myres,  Wykeham  Professor  of  Oxford 
University.    Iv  +  596  pp.  ills.  pis.  map,  8vo. 
Price  $2,  postage  22  cents. 
The  most  important  publication  on  this  subject. 
Shortly  to  be  published: 
Catalogue  of  Greek,  Etruscan  and  Roman 
Bronzes  by  Gisela  M.  A.  Richter. 

IndpY  fn              Including  singing 

inucA  lu         games  and  folk 

Kindergarten  songs-  ty.  Mar: 

^       »                      gery  Quigley  of 

•Songs          the  St-  Louis  Pub- 

lic  Library.   63 
books  indexed.  286p.  Cloth,  $1.50  postpaid. 

American  Library  Association 

78  E.  Washington  St.,  Chicago 
"A   valuable   addition   to   any    Kindergartner's 
library."—  ELIZABETH  HARRISON,  President 
National  Kindergarten  College,  Chicago. 

1915 


THE   DIAL 


357 


• 

1"                                                                                                                     * 

PILLARS  OF  SMOKE 

The  love  story,  intense  as  "Jane  Eyre,"  of  an  American 
woman  and  a  Roman  Catholic  priest. 

STURGIS  &  WALTON  COMPANY,  Publishers,  New  York 

BOOKS,  AUTOGRAPHS,  PRINTS.         Catalogues  Free. 
R.  ATKINSON.  97  Sutherland  Road,  Forest   Hill,  LONDON,  ENG. 

ROOK  S     A"  Out-of-Print  Book*  Supplied. 
**VVr  J*.v3     nomatteron  what  subject.  Write  us.  We  can  get 

you  any  book  ever  published.     Please  state  wants.     Catalogue  free. 
Baker's  Great  Book  Shop,  14-16  Bright  St..  Birmingham.  Kn«. 

> 
* 

"I  am  sure  that  if  his  book  were  in  the  hands  of 
every  intelligent  man,  woman  and  child,  the  cost  of 
living  would  decrease."  —  LEON  A.  CONGDON,  Foods 
and  Drugs  Division,  Kansas  State  Board  of  Htalth. 

"THE  SOURCE  OF  CHEMISTRY 

AND  USE  OF  FOOD  PRODUCTS" 

7.5  Illustrations.     Cloth.    $r.6o  Postpaid. 
PUBLISHED  BY 

P.  BLAKISTON'S  SON  &  CO.,  Philadelphia 

• 
• 

SECOND-HAND  BOOKS.   General  Literature,    ist 
Editions.  Enquiries  esteemed.  Frequent  catalogues  post  free. 
GORFIN.  82A,  CHARING  CROSS  ROAD,  LONDON.  W.  C. 

The  Advertising  Representative  of  THE  DIAL 
in  England  is 

MR.  DAVID  H.  BOND 

407,  Bank  Chambers,  Chancery  Lane,  London,  W.  C. 

who  can  furnish  full  information  regarding  rates,  etc., 
and  through  whom  advertising  orders  may  be  sent. 

ONE  OF  OUR  BOOK  BARGAINS 

PAUSANIAS'S 
DESCRIPTION  OF  GREECE 

Published  Price,  $35.00,  Our  Price,  $18.50 

THE  H.  R.  HUNTTING  CO.,  Springfield,  Mass 

• 

For  Thinkers  Who  Do  Not  Know  Greek 

THE  GREEK  SPIRIT 

By  Kate  Stephens 

A  brilliant  and  penetrating  study  of  elements  and  influences  that 
went  to  the  creation  and  development  of  that  racial  spirit." 
—  New  York  Times. 
"Product  of  ripe  scholarship."  —  fhe  Independent. 

STORIES  FROM  OLD  CHRONICLES 

By  Kate  Stephens 

Old  English  and  French  life  and  valor. 
Adopted  by  London  County  Council. 
STURGIS  ft  WALTON  CO.,  Publishers,  New  York 

Library  School  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library 

Entrance  examinations,  June  4. 
One  year  course  for  certificate. 
Two  year  course  for  diploma. 

AMERICANA 

Books  and  Pamphlets.     Recent  Catalogues:—  No. 
83,  The  Far  West  States;  No.  84,  The  Southern 
States;    No.  85,  Abraham   Lincoln;  No.    86,  The 
Middle  States;  Sent  free  on  application. 

Daniel  H.   Newhall.   152  Nassau   St..   New   York 

SEND  TO 

M.W.  PLUMMER,  Principal, 

476    Fifth  Avenue,  for  descriptive   circular 

1 

BOOKS  SWS 

We  are  the  leading  wholesale  dealers 
in  the  books  of  all  publishers.    Our 
immense  stock  and  our  location  in 
the  publishing  center  of  the  country 
enable  us  to  fill  orders  —  large  and 
small—  for  books  of  all  kinds,  with 
the  greatest  dispatch. 

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO. 

33-37  East  17th  Street,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

-1 

i"                   4 

Short  -Story  Writing 

-^BJ^^            /i     Course  of  forty  lessons  in  the  history,  form, 
^f^^^\          r\  structure,   and  writing   of   the   Short-Story 
W        \                  taught  by  Dr.  J.  Berg  Esenwein,  Editor  of 
R  *S*T?*        Lippincott's  Magazine. 
V      ''jJU         One  ftudent  writes:    "I  know  that  you  will  be 
"1   .iAfif        pleased  when  I  tell  you  that  I  have  just  received 
AjNw-'M           a  check  for  tlSS  from  'Everybody's'  for  a   hu- 
^^jy^OyV         morons  story.  They  ask  for  more.   I  am  feeling 
^   a  ^f      very  happy,  and  very  grateful  to  Dr.  Esenwein. 

^^IH^F            Also  courses  in  Photoplay  Writing,  Versification 
^^Br           and  Poetics,  Journalism.  In  all,  over  One  Hundred 
n»    !<.>nir»;n      Courses,    under    professors   in   Harvard,    Brown, 
Cornell,  and  other  leading  colleges. 
2$o-Page  Catalog  Free.    Please  Address. 
THE  HOME  CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL 
Dept.  571,  Springfield,  Mats. 

Hinds  and  Noble.  31-33-35  Wert  15th  SI,  N.  Y.  City.    Write  for  Catalogue. 


358 


[  April  29 


A  PERSONAL  OPINION  of 

The  Yale  Review 

'  'It  is  the  equal  of  the  best  English  quarterlies 
and  continues  to  grow  better  with  each  issue,  and 
the  greatest  literary  enjoyment  any  man  could 
desire  would  be  that  the  Review  be  a  monthly 
instead  of  a  quarterly." 

Other  readers,  though  perhaps  none  more 
gracefully,  have  requested  more  frequent  publica- 
tion of  The  Yale  Review.  We  believe,  however, 
that  as  a  rule  the  modern  reader  of  periodical 
literature  wants  on  the  one  hand  frequent  discus- 
sions of  current  events  and  books,  and  on  the 
other,  longer  articles  of  a  more  reflective  sort, 
published  not  too  frequently.  The  next  issues  of 
the  reading  we  wish  to  linger  over  should  not  come 
upon  us  too  rapidly,  and  the  articles  they  contain 
should  be  especially  worth-while,  with  a  freshness 
and  significance  especially  long-lived. 

The  Yale  Re<vienv  is  designed  for  those  thou- 
sands of  intelligent  readers  who  desire  to  under- 
stand as  fully  as  may  be  the  scope  and  significance 
of  the  burning  questions  of  to-day  and  who  wish 
at  the  same  time  to  enjoy  articles  of  permanent 
literary  character.  Its  nearly  one  thousand  annual 
pages  are  assembled  in  four  numbers,  printed  in 
large  attractive  type  OP  imported  Esparto  feather- 
weight paper. The  subscription  price  is  $2. 50  a  year. 

A  specimen  copy,  a  1915  prospectus  and  a  synopsis  of 
the  current  (April)  contents  will  gladly  be  sent  upon 
the  request  of  prospective  friends  and  readers  of 

THE  YALE  REVIEW,  New  Haven,  Conn. 


THE  NEW 

REPUBLIC 

AMERICA'S  NEW  WEEKLY 


MAGAZINE 


Literature,  politics,  drama — everything, 
in  fact,  to  interest  the  thoughtful  reader. 

Your  name,  address  and  a  dollar  bill  will 
bring  you  our  56-page  literary  supplement 
and  twelve  issues  of  a  magazine  that  is  fresh, 
invigorating  and  unique. 

Write  to-day. 

THE  NEW  REPUBLIC 

421  West  Twenty-First  Street 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


Miss  Viola  Rosehoro',  to  whom  is  credited  the 
discovery  of  O.  Henry  and  the  acceptance  of  his 
first  work,  is  now  associated  withTHE  EDITOR , 
the  fortnightly  journal  of  information  for  literary 
workers,  as  critic  and  adviser.  In  his  autobiogra- 
phy S.  S.  McClure  says  :  "Miss  Roseboro' seized 
upon  the  early  stories  of  O.  Henry,  Jack  London, 
Myra  Kelly,  Rex  Beach  and  on  the  Emmy  Lou 
stories  with  as  much  sureness  of  conviction  as  if 
she  had  known  what  the  end  was  to  be  in  each 
case,  and  exactly  how  popular  each  of  these  writers 
was  to  become." 

In  return  for  moderate  fees  writers  may  have  the 
benefit  of  Miss  Roseboro's  personal  criticism  of 
their  manuscripts. 

Writers  who  wish  a  handy,  complete,  up-to-date 
directory  to  the  markets  for  their  manuscripts 
should  have  the  new  edition  of 

"1,001  Places  to  Sell  Manuscripts' 

(The  American  Writer's  Year  Book  and  Directory) 

which  lists  in  classes,  with  indexes,  cross-indexes 
and  definite  statements  of  the  kinds  of  material  in 
demand  in  each  market,  more  than  5,000  pur- 
chasers of  short  stories,  novels,  essays,  poems, 
articles,  plays,  vaudeville  material,  photoplays, 
jokes,  photographs,  post  card  sentiments,  para- 
graphs, etc.  If  there  are  markets  for  a  writer's 
manuscripts  they  are  made  available  in  this  guide. 

Cloth.  300  pages.  $1.50  postpaid 
THE  EDITOR,  Box  509,  Ridgewood,  N.  J. 


The  Hibbert  Journal 

A  Quarterly  Review  of  Religion, 
Theology,  and  Philosophy 


CONTENTS  FOR  APRIL. 

LIFE  AND  MATTER  AT  WAR.  By  Professor  Henri  Bergson. 
THE  TYRANNY  OF  MERE  THINGS. 

By  Professor  L.  P.  Jacks. 

PROBLEMS  OF  CONFLICT.     By  Evelyn  Underbill. 
TWO  STUDIES  OF  GERMAN  "KULTUR." 

By  Professor  Percy  Gardner 
ON  THE  MEANING  OF  THE  WAR. 

By  Count  Hermann  Keyserling. 
GOTHIC  RUIN  AND  RECONSTRUCTION. 

By  Maude  Egerton  King. 
"SHALL  WE  SERVE  GOD  FOR  NOUGHT?" 

Treitschke  and  Hegel.     By  E.  F.  Carritt. 
GERMAN  SOCIALIST  THEORY  AND  WAR. 

By  M.  W.  Robieson. 

CARLYLE'S  GERMANS.     By  J.  M.  Sloan. 
MIND  AND  MATTER:  A  HYLOZOISTIC  VIEW. 

By  Fleet-Surgeon  C.  Marsh  Beadnell,  R.  N. 
THE  METHOD  OF  CHRISTIAN  SCIENCE. 

By  Rev.  Laird  Wingatc  Snell. 

TEACHING  WHICH  BECOMES  PRACTICE.  Two  World-wide 
Movements  among  Young  People. 

I.  The  Christian  Endeavor  Movement.  By  Rev.  Francis  E. 
Clark.  D.  D.,  LLD..  President  of  the  World's  Christian 
Endeavor  Union. 

II.  THE  BOY  SCOUTS.     By  Capt.  Cecil  Price. 
DISCUSSIONS. 

Yearly  Subscription  $2.50.  Single  Numbers  75  cents. 

Sample  copy  sent  on  request. 

SHERMAN,  FRENCH  &  COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS 
6  Beacon  Street  Boston,  Mass. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


359 


"AT  McCLURG'S" 

It  is  of  interest  and  importance 
to  Librarians  to  know  that  the 
books  reviewed  and  advertised 
in  this  magazine  can  be  pur- 
chased from  us  at  advantageous 
prices  by 

Public  Libraries,  Schools, 
Colleges  and  Universities 

In  addition  to  these  books  we 
have  an  exceptionally  large 
stock  of  the  books  of  all  pub- 
lishers—a more  complete  as- 
sortment than  can  be  found  on 
the  shelves  of  any  other  book- 
store in  the  entire  country.  We 
solicit  correspondence  from 
librarians  unacquainted  with 
our  facilities. 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 

A.C.  McClurg  &  Co., Chicago 


A  new,  enlarged,  thoroughly  revised  edition 

ROBERT'S 

RULES  if  ORDER 

REVISED 

For  Deliberative  Assemblies 
Parti.    Rule*  of  Order. 

Part  II.     Organization,  and  Conduct  of  Business. 
Part  III.    Plans  for  Study  of  Parliamentary  Law. 

By  General  Henry  M.  Robert 

U.  S.  ARMY 

This  enlargement  and  revision  of  the  original 
"  Rules,"  published  in  1876,  has  been  made 
necessary  by  the  march  of  time.  In  the  present 
form  it  is  thoroughly  in  harmony  with  present 
day  practice  and  loses  in  no  way  the  clarity  and 
accuracy  of  the  former  book.  Adapted  in  detail 
to  the  use  of  all  societies,  this  Manual  is  based  in 
general  principles,  on  the  rules  and  practice  of 
the  Congress.  The  new  book  contains  fully  tnuo- 
thirds  more  material  than  the  previous  edition. 

Clear  type,  special  paper  —  a  legible  page ;  a  handy  size  — 

"just  fits  the  pocket." 

Half  leather,  323  pages, $1.00.   Full  leather,  323pages, $1.25. 
READY  MAY  5th 

SCOTT,  FORESMAN  AND  CO. 


CHICAGO 
623  South  Wabash  Avenue 


NEW  YORK 
460  Fourth  Avenue 


THE  FORUM 

FOR  MAY  IS  NOW  READY 


AT  THE  FOOT  O' MARKET.  Frank  Ernest  Hill 

THE   WAR,  THE  BRITISH    EMPIRE,    AND 
AMERICA.     George  Louis  Beer. 

IN  THE  WILDERNESS.     Zephine  Humphrey. 
EUROPE      Karl  Remer. 
CONRAD.     Arthur  Symons. 
WASHINGTON  SQUARE.     Pietra  Van  Brunt. 
INVICTUS.     Irene  P.  McKeehan. 

THE    DEMAND    FOR    RELIGIOUS    EDU- 
CATION.    Harriet  Lucinda  Bradley. 

MODERN  MEDICAL  "SCIENCE."     Helen  S. 
Gray 


THESE  TIMES.     Louis  Untermeyer. 

SOME   OTHER    ASPECTS  OF    FRESHMAN 
KNOWLEDGE.     Charles  V.  Stansell. 

FROM  THE  DEATH  HOUSE. 

THE  NEW  POETRY.     Horace  Holley. 

THE  TWO  LOVES.     Ludwig  Lewisohn. 

CONVERSATION    AND    THE    NOVELIST. 
Wilfrid  L.  Randell. 

TO  A  CHINESE  AIR.    Georgiana  Goddard  King. 
JEZEBEL.     Robert  Gilbert  Welsh. 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
EDITORIAL  NOTES. 


The  price  is  25  cents  a  copy;  $2.$O  a  year. 
A  three  months'  trial  subscription  for  50  cents. 


MITCHELL  KENNERLEY 


Publisher,  NEW  YORK 


360 


THE    DIAL 


[  April  29,  1915 


A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 

8 


Announcements  for  the  Late  Spring 


JOHN  DEWEY 

Professor  of  Philosophy, 
Columbia  University. 


WILLIAM  ENGLISH 
WALLING 

Author  of 
"Socialism  As  It  Is,"  etc. 


GERMAN  PHILOSOPHY  AND 
POLITICS 

Gives  the  unprofessional  reader  a  succinct  notion  of  the 
development  of  classic  German  philosophy  from  Kant  to 
Hegel. 

Incidentally  this  book  shows  how  German  thought  took 
shape  in  the  struggle  for  German  nationality  against  the 
Napoleonic  menace,  and  how  profoundly  that  crisis 
affected  the  philosophy  of  morals.  It  also  makes  clear  how 
superficial  is  the  current  accounting  for  the  contemporary  at- 
titude of  intellectual  Germany  by  reference  to  Nietzsche,  etc. 

Ready  in  May.     Probable  price,  $1.25  net. 

THE  SOCIALISTS  AND  THE  WAR 

"The  Red  Book"  would  have  served  as  a  title  for  this 
book  had  not  Austria  pre-empted  it,  as  three-fourths  of  it 
consists  of  documentary  statements  of  Socialists  of  all 
Countries  toward  the  war,  with  special  reference  to  their 
peace  policy.  Mr.  Walling's  running  editorial  comment  sets 
forth  the  conditions  under  which  the  Socialist  statements  were 
made  and  indicates  why  they  are  important. 

Ready  in  May.     Probable  price,  $1.50  net. 


LOUIS  T.  MOORE 

Professor  of  Physics, 
University  of  Cincinnati. 


LIMITATIONS  OF  SCIENCE 

A  consideration  of  the  metaphysical  hypotheses  in  their 
relation  to  science.  The  author  is  in  accord  with  Bergson's 
philosophy  as  to  the  limitations  of  the  human  intellect. 

Ready  in  May.     Probable  price,  $1.50  net. 

NEW  VOLUMES  IN  THE  HOME  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 


W.  E.  B.  DU  BOIS 

Author  of 
"Souls  of  Black 
Folks,"  etc. 


R.  C.  K.  ENSOR 

Editorial  Writer, 
London  Daily  Chronicle. 

CLEMENT  C.  J.  WEBB 

of  Oxford  University. 

JOHN  BAILEY  Author  of 
"Dr.  Johnson  and  His 
Circle, ' '  Chairman  of ' '  The 
English  Association, "  etc. 

ERNEST  BARKER 

of  Oxford  University. 


Each  50  cents  net. 


THE  NEGRO 

A  scholarly,  earnest  and  eloquent  history  of  the  negro, 
from  the  earliest  times,  and  the  thread  of  his  story  is  fol- 
lowed in  Africa,  America  and  wherever  else  it  has  appeared. 
(With  Maps.) 

BELGIUM 

A  handy,  historical  and  fully  descriptive  work  that  can 
be  considered  authoritative.  (With  Maps.) 

A  HISTORY  OF  PHILOSOPHY 

A  lucid  and  remarkably  complete  exposition  of  the  whole 
philosophic  outlook. 

MILTON 

A  biography  and  estimate  of  Milton  as  a  man,  politician, 
essayist  and  poet. 

POLITICAL  THOUGHT 

(From  Herbert  Spencer  to  the  Present  Day.) 

An  acute  analysis  of  the  subject,  including  the  influence 

of  such  men  as  Spencer,  Bradley,  Bosanquet,  Green,  Cobden, 

Maine,  Carlyle,  Ruskin  and  Jevons. 

98  volumes  ready.     Send  for  a  list. 


J 


HENRY  HOLT  AND  COMPANY  34  ws:V8«P!tra-t. 


PRESS  OF  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY 


THE 


-m   -w  ""^Hf- 

TAT. 


A  FORTNIGHTLY  JOURNAL  OF 

Critirism,  gtsrusstott,  atrtr  Information 


FOUNDED  BY  I  Volume  LVIII. 

FRANCIS   F.  BROWNE    I         Mo.  s»4. 


CHICAGO,  MAY  13,  1915. 


10  eta.  a  oupy.  )  EDITED  BY 

ti.ayear.     (   WALDO  R.  BROWNE 


SOME  SCRIBNER  BOOKS 


The  Little  Man  and  Other  Satires 

By  JOHN  GALSWORTHY 

Satires  without  cynicism,  and  done  with  a  touch 
that  is  essentially  human,  of  the  familiar  types  of 
modern  society;  such  types  as  "The  Writer," 
"The  Housewife,"  "The  Plain  Man,"  etc.;  a  wide 
variety.  This  book  will  have  a  broader  appeal 
than  any  collection  of  Galsworthy's  sketches  and 
shorter  work  that  has  yet  appeared.  $1.30  net, 

New  Cosmopolis 

A  Book  of  Images 

By  James  Huneker 

"He  gossips  as  Thackeray 
gossips;  he  regards  his  reader 
not  as  an  intimate  friend  .  .  . 
but  a  distinguished  guest  whom 
he  must  entertain.  And  in 
entertaining  his  reader  Mr. 
Huneker  seems  himself  to 
find  delightful  entertainment 
which,  surely,  marks  the  per- 
fect host." — New  York  Times. 
$1.50  net. 

Outdoor  Sketching 

By  F.  Hopkinson  Smith 

"There  is  a  thrill  in  it  which 
any  person  who  has  ever 
touched  a  brush  to  paper  or 
canvas  will  feel  at  once.  .  .  . 
It  is  all  told  in  a  simple,  easy, 
offhand  sort  of  way  which 
gives  it  a  charm  all  its  own." 
— Boston  Globe.  $1.00  net. 


THE FRENCH 

IN  THE  HEART  OF 

AMERICA 


By 


The  End  of  the  Trail 

By  E.  ALEXANDER  POWELL 

"A  book  of  absorbing  interest." — Boston  Trans- 
cript. 

"There  is  a  wealth  of  entertainment  and  informa- 
tion in  his  pages." — The  Dial. 

Illustrated.     $3.00  net. 

A  Lovers'  Tale 

By  Maurice  Hewlett 

"Mr.  Hewlett  has  never 
written  a  more  charming  tale 
than  this,  with  its  simplicity, 
its  poetic  beauty,  its  deeds  of 
physical  prowess  and  of  cun- 
ning, and  its  graceful,  limpid, 
flowing-Style. " — The  Bookman. 


JOHN  FINLEY 

A  veritable  epic  of  the 

development  of   the 

Middle  West  from 

French  beginnings 

$2.50  net 


$1.25  net. 
Daybreak 

A  Story  of  the  Age  of  Discovery 

"Interesting  and  carefully 
written.  .  .  .  'DAYBREAK' 
is  history  in  an  entertaining 
form." — N.  Y.  Times. 


The  Well-Considered  Garden 

By  MRS.  FRANCIS  KING 

With  a  Preface  by  Gertrude  Jekyll. 
Mrs.  King  writes  from  a  wide  experience  and  a 
sure  taste  of  color  harmony,  design,  borders,  spring 
and  summer  flowers,  garden  .accessories  —  almost 
everything,  in  fact,  pertaining  to  the  flower  garden. 
A  thoroughly  practical  book. 

Profusely  Illustrated.     $2.00  net. 

Camp  Craft 

Modern  Practice  and  Equipment 
By  WARREN  H.  MILLER 

The  purpose  of  this  volume  is  to  reveal  the  simple, 
inexpensive  ways  of  getting  the  pleasures  and 
benefits  of  camping  out  and  of  avoiding  the  serious 
discomforts  and  dangers.  $1.50  net. 


$1.35  net. 
The  Great  Tradition 

By  KATHARINE  FULLERTON  GEROULD 

"A  group  of  striking  stories,  some  of  them  little 
more  than  studies,  some  wider  in  scope,  but  each  is 
a  curious  episode  brushed  in  with  clean,  swift 
strokes,  by  an  artist  who  does  not  blur  the  effect  by 
over-intense  color  or  multiplication  of  detail." — 
Independent.  $i-35  net. 

Music  and  the  Higher  Education 

By  EDWARD  DICKINSON 

This  book  gives  an  excellent  idea  of  the  place 
that  music  is  coming  to  take  in  the  regimes  of  our 
colleges  and  higher  schools,  and  presents  an  excellent 
argument  for  the  teaching  of  this  art.  $1.50  net. 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 


FIFTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK 


362 


THE   DIAL 


[May  13 


Every  Reader  of  the  Dial 

Should  Be  Particularly  Interested 
in  Walter  Elwood's  Fine  Novel 

Guimo 

If  you  happen  to  be  one  of  those  readers  for 
whom  this  book  is  intended,  if  it  grips  you  in  the 
right  way,  then  you  will  welcome  it  as  nothing 
more  nor  less  than  a  great  adventure. 

— Frederic  Taker  Cooper  in  The  Bookman. 

The  lively  interest  of  the  tale  is  one  of  the  least 
of  its  merits.  Far  more  important  is  the  marvel- 
ous delineation  of  Guimo  and  almost  equally  val- 
uable is  the  panorama  of  the  islands  which  unfolds 
before  the  reader  under  the  magic  of  the  story. 
Guimo  is  one  of  the  most  haunting  characters  of 
recent  fiction,  and  only  Kipling  has  made  the 
Orient  live  more  vividly  than  this  author  has  done. 

— Chicago  Journal. 

Guimo  is  one  of  those  books  that,  like  the  four- 
leafed  clover,  fills  the  finder  with  glee  or  secret 
joy.  Both  for  infinite  variety  and  quality  of  pris- 
tine purity  this  romance  will  live  long  in  the  minds 
of  literary  fiction  lovers.  —  Philadelphia  Record. 

$1.35  Net 

AT  YOUR  BOOKSELLER'S 

Publishers    REILLY  &  BRITTON   Chicago 


To  All  Lovers  of 
Engravings  and  Etchings 

Whether  you  collect  prints  or  only  look  at  them,  you 
will  find  an  added  zest  in  your  enjoyment  of  them  after 
reading  The  Print-Collector's  Quarterly.  This  magazine 
covers  the  whole  field  of  old  and  modern  etchings,  engrav- 
ings and  drawings  in  articles  that  are  both  stimulating  and 
authoritative,  and  numbers  among  its  contributors  the 
leading  experts  of  this  country  and  of  Europe. 

Each  number  of  The  Quarterly  contains  about  forty 
full-page  illustrations  and  one  hundred  pages  of  text,  repro- 
duced and  printed  with  a  perfection  that  makes  the  mag- 
azine a  typographical  as  well  as  an  artistic  triumph.  Your 
subscription  for  one  year,  therefore,  will  bring  you  between 
150  and  200  prints,  at  the  rate  of  only  a  little  more  than  a 
cent  apiece,  besides  400  pages  of  extremely  interesting  text. 

Illustrated  brochure,  "Life  Made  Richer ," 
free  upon  request. 


The  Print-Collector's  Quarterly 

Published  in  February,  April,  October  and  December 
Subscription  price,  Two  Dollars  a  year. 


HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  CO. 

4  PARK  STREET, BOSTON 


CARRANZA 
and  MEXICO 

By  CARLO  DE  FORNARO 

A  Graphic  Portrayal  of  Mexico's 
New  Leader 

"If  the  European  war  had  not  come  along 
and  swamped  the  headlines,  Carlo  de  Fornaro's 
'Carranza  and  Mexico'  would  be  one  of  the  sensa- 
tions of  the  year.  Even  so,  it  is  a  story  of  vast 
interest  to  those  who  would  learn  the  truth  con- 
cerning the  Mexican  situation  from  a  man  who 
has  supremely  mastered  it.  The  reading  of  it  will 
give  a  vivid  and  intensely  clear,  if  one-sided, 
view  of  the  Mexican  situation  to  date." 

— Evening  Sun,  Ne-iv  York 

"A  very  important  contribution  to  a  proper 
understanding  of  the  torn,  confused,  chaotic  con- 
dition of  political  affairs  in  Mexico  to-day." 

— Journal  Courier,  Neiv  Haven. 


With  Illustrations  and  War  Map 
At  All  Bookshops  $1.25  Net 


MITCHELL 
KENNERLEY 


Publisher 
New  York 


BOOK  MARKS 

A  new  series  compiled  by 
the  St.  Louis  Public  Library 


Published  by  the 


Library  Supplies  Department 
Democrat  Printing  Company 

Madison,  Wisconsin 


ADULTS' 
1 — Southern  stories 
2 — Humorous  books 
3— Historical  novels 
4 — Tales  of  mystery 
5— Western  stories 
6 — Some  food  novels 
7— Tales  of  Adventure 


CHILDRENS* 
GENERAL  LISTS 
A— Chivalry  tales 
B— Stories  for  girls — 1 
Stories  for  girls — 2 
C  —  Stories  for  boys— 1 
Stories  for  boys — 2 
I)     Brownie  book  mark 
(Illustrated) 


GRADED  LISTS--  1  to  8 

Lists  for  grades  1  and  2  are  one  book  mark.    Order 

by  grade  number.     Especially  useful   as 

supplementary  reading  lists  in  schools. 

Price:  25  cents  a  hundred 

Not  less  than  25  of  any  number  sold  at  one  time 
and  each  order  must  equal  even  hundreds. 

Sample  sets:   S  cents  each 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


363 


F         i"\  r*        i        f  r**      m 

ew  Dor  an  Books  of  r  irst 


J.  D. 
Beresford 


Patrick 
MacCill 


A.  Con  an 
Doyle 


E.  F. 
Benson 


Baroness 
Orczy 


Cosmo 
Hamilton 


J.  E. 

Buckrose 


Hugh 
Walpole 


Oliver 
Onions 


Henry 
Arthur 
Jones 


ITHE  INVISIBLE  EVENT 

George  H.  Doran  Company  announce  that  they  have  taken  over  those 
remarkable  realistic  stories  of  a  young  man  of  today,  "The  Early 
History  of  Jacob  Stahl,"  and  "A  Candidate  for  Truth,  and  that  they 
are  publishing  the  third  and  final  Jacob  Stahl  story  "The  Invisible 
Event."  Net,  $1.35 


THE  RAT-PIT 


The  genius  who  wrote  "The  Children  of  the  Dead  End"  is  himself  a 
workingman,  with  a  passionate  realization  of  the  tragedies  and  come- 
dies of  the  underworld  The  story  of  a  peasant  girl  who  kept  her 
superb  purity  through  dramatic  misfortunes. Net,  $1.25 

[THE  EACLEo/THE  EMPJRE 

"Brady's  newest  romance  is  in  many  ways  his  best  one."— Cincin 
Enquirer.  "Brady  has  written  nothing  more  dramatic  than  this  story 
of  Napoleon's  fall,  with  the  romance  of  his  gallant  follower,  Mareau, 
and  the  Countess  Laure  " — Boston  Herald  Color  illustrations  by  the 
I  Kinneys. Net,  $1.35 1 

THE  VALLEY  OF  FEAR 

"Conan  Doyle,  the  most  gripping  of  living  romancers,  has  never  writ- 
ten anything  more  dramatic  and  intense  than  THE  VALLEY  OF 
FEAR  " — Los  Angeles  Times  Color  illustrations  by  Keller. 
Net, 

RED  FLEECE 

I A  striking  story  of  the  big-sculed  woman  who  nursed  the  bodies  and 
cheered  the  hearts  of  men  in  the  Great  War  and  won  for  herself  a  love 
I  immortal  Net,  $1.25 


Realism  at  its 
highest  in  Jacob 
Stahl's  story 


A  slice  of  life 
with  noble  pity 
instead  of 
sordidness 


The  human  Na- 
poleon,sorrowing 
and  triumphant 


The  newandmost 
absorbing  Sher- 


By  America's 
most  original 
author 


IARUNDEL 

Into  the  croquet-playing  life  of  Edward  came  a  girl  with  soul  aflame, 
and  the  result  has  the  wit  of "  Dodo"  with  a  splendid  dignity  Net,  $1.25 

A  BRIDE  OF  THE  PLAINS 

A  tale  of  the  fiery  passions,  the  dramatic  loves,  and  the  endless  acres 
of  Hungary,  where  gipsy  blood  and  Magyar  virility  make  life  a  thing 
wonderful  and  many-colored Net,  $1.35 

THE  MIRACLE  OF  LOVE~ 

When  love  came  to  a  charming  idler  and  made  of  him  a  man  ready 
I  to  fight  the  world  for  that  love Net,  $1.25 

SPRAY  ON  THE  WINDOWS! 

To  a  dreaming  and  virginal  girl  the  reality  of  marriage  came  with  a 
shock  but  its  own  enduring  beauty  proved  greater  than  any  dream. 
An  appealing  story  by  the  author  of  "A  Bachelor's  Comedy,"  "Gay 
Morning."  etc Net,  $1.25 

[THE  WOODEN  HORSE 

The  fresh,  sane  democracy  of  an  unrepentant  prodigal  tears  down  the 
[  pretenses  of  a  musty  f amity  Net,  $1.25 

MUSHROOM  TOWN 

The  subtle  changes  that  come  to  the  simple  inhabitants  of  a  little  town  ] 
when  a  boom  changes  all  their  ideas  of  happiness  and  luxury 

Net, 


ITHE  LIE: 


Margaret  Illington  Edition 
Illustrated 


The  play  in  which  Miss  Illington  has  made  so  complete  a  success, 
the  struggle  of  two  sisters  for  the  love  of  a  man;  a  most  human  and 
effective  story  for  reading.  Illustrated  with  charming  photographs 
I  of  Miss  Illington  in  the  play  Net,  $1.00 


A  T      A  l~  L.    ,B'-O.P;.K\«'.'.C  L..L.  E  R  S 


Croquet  mallets 
and  sacred 
fire 


Gipsy  romance 
in  the  heart 
of  youth 


Young  love 
breaks  all  bonds 


The  Everywoman 
of  married  life 


By  the  author 
of  "Fortitude" 


The  drama  of 
real  estate 


A  theatrical 
event 


NY  38  W.  32nd  St.  NCW  Y 


364 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  13,  1915 


THE  BEST  NEW  BOOKS  OF  THE  SEASON 


WINSTON 

HURCHILL'S 


NEW  NOVEL 


A  FAR. 
OUNTRY 


Cloth,  12mo. 
Illustrated 


£7.50 


By  the  Author  of 
'The  Inside  of  the  Cup" 


In  "A  FAR  COUNTRY"  Mr.  Winston 
Churchill  has  written  a  novel  that  will 
probably  arouse  greater  interest  than  its 
immediate  predecessor,  "The  Inside 
of  the  Cup,"  one  of  the  most  successful 
novels  ever  written.  In  this  new  novel 
Mr.  Churchill  turns  to  another  of  our 
social  ills  and  with  even  greater  daring 
lays  bare  the  truth.  Mr.  Churchill  has 
spread  a  big  canvas  and  on  it  he  has  drawn 
another  true  picture  of  contemporary 
American  manhood  and  womanhood. 


The  Best  New  Novels 

Mr.  H.  G.  Wells's  New  Novel 
By  H.  G.  WELLS,  Author  of  "The  Wife 
of  Sir  Isaac  Harman,"  etc.  A  novel  told 
with  Mr.  Wells's  inimitable  humor.  No  one  can  read  Bealby 
without  enjoying  it,  for  it  has  all  the  exuberance  and  the 
irresistible  charm  of  youth.  $1.35 


The  author  of  this  novel  is  a  well-known 

GETTING  A  American  writer  who  here  tells  the  in- 

_    timate  story  of  his  eventful  life.    An  ex- 
WRONG  START    ceedmgly  real  tale,  graphic  and  unfail- 
ingly interesting.  $1.00 


Mr.  Eden  P  hill  poll's  New  Novel 

TOWER  B*  EDEN  PHILLPOTTS, 

lUntn 


Author     of     -Faith      Tresilion," 

"The  Three  Brothers,"  etc.  Humor  and  a  genuine  sym- 
pathetic understanding  of  human  nature  characterize  this 
story  throughout.  Mr.  Phillpotts  has  here  written  a  real 
contribution  to  literature.  $1.50 

Till?   II  A  Mil   By  ARTHUR  STRINGER.    A  striking  novel 

ItllJ  HANIJ  developed  with  consummate  skill  enhancing 
OF  PFRII  Mr.  Stringer's  reputation  as  one  of  the  fore- 
\ji  i  uitiij  most  writers  of  good  detective  stories.  $7.35 


The  Best  New  Poetry 


Mr.  John  Masefield's  New  Book. 

KIMft    By  JOHN  MASEFIELD,  Author 
AINU 


of  ..The  Everiasting  Mercy,"  etc. 
and  Other  Poems  "Philip  the  King  ranks  with  the 

drama  of  the  greatest  Victorian  poets.'  '  —  Phila.  Public  Ledger. 
_  $1.25 

CPnnN  RIVFD  B?  EDQAB  L-  MASTERS.  A  remark- 
ijlUUll  Iil¥ljH  able  collection  of  verse  essentially  Amer- 
ANTHfll  flflY  ican  in  character,  written  in  a  new  free 
A11J  11U1JUU1  form  of  poetical  expression.  $1.25 


OF 
Ur 


Mr.  Tagore's  New  Book 
KAIUR    By  RABINDRANATH  TAGORE. 

IVAmn  Autnor  of  "The  King  of  the  Dark 
Chamber,"  etc.  A  deeply  sympathetic  interpretation  and  ren- 
dering of  the  Songs  of  Kabir.  One  of  the  most  important  of 
Mr.  Tagore's  works.  $1.25 


rniurn  Awn 

lAJllUU  All  LI  contribution  to  the  new  spirit  of  po- 
etry.  Something  different  and  well 
worthwhile.  $1.25 


The  Best  New  Books  on  Current  Topics 


DITCCIA    *MI\    By  STEPHEN  GRAHAM.    Author  of 

KLI5MA  ANLP  "With  Russian  Pilgrims  to  Jerusalem," 
THF  WflRT  n  etc.  A  record  of  recent  observations  in  a 
[IEj  TT  UHLiJJ  COUntry  of  which  the  author  has  long  been 
a  sympathetic  student  giving  an  intimate  picture  of  the  Russian 
people. Illustrated,  $2.00 

P UP MAN  WnPTFk   By  PAUL  ROHRBACH.      Trans- 

O  ILK  MAN    WUKLLI  lated  by  Dr.  Edmund  von  Mach.     A 

Pfll  IPIFSl  clear  insight  into  the  character  of  the 

German  people,  their  aims,  fears  and 

aspirations,  by  one  who  has  been  for  several  years  the  most 
popular  author  of  books  on  politics  and  economics  in  Germany. 

$1.25 


THE  CONTROL  AND          QOWIN.     A  book  of  interest 

LEADERSHIP  OF  MEN  to  a!!  business  men  and  ex- 

ecutives,   showing   how  per- 

sonal efficiency  and  ability  may  be  developed  to  the  fullest.  $1.  50 


A\in 

AW 


By  PAUL  BENJAMIN  D'ESTOUR- 
NELLS  do  CONSTANT,  Senator  of 
HF.R  PRflRI  FM  S  the   French   Republic,    etc.     A  pen- 

1T1  J  etrating  discussion  of  our  national  and 
international  problems  as  seen  by  a  statesman  of  rare  genius 
and  a  keen  observer  of  governmental  affairs.  $2.  OO 


THE 


HARBOR 


Ji    •     I?,. 


"By  all  odds  the  best  American  novel  in  many  a  long  day." 

— N.  Y.  Times. 

The  N.  Y.  Tribune  says:     "The  Harbor"  is 

"One  of  the  ablest  novels  added  to  American  fiction  in  many 
a  year.     A  book  of  the  past,  present  and  future,  not  only  of  New 
York,  but  of  all  the  world. " 
The  New  York  World  says:     "The  Harbor"  is 

"A  fine  new  American  story,   in  the  spirit  of   the  hour. 
.     A  work  which  must  be  placed  at  once  among  the 
rare  books  that  count."  Cloth,  12mo.    $1.4O 


By  ERNEST  POOLE 


Published  at 
64-66  5th  Ave.,  N.Y. 


THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY 


On  Sale  Wherever 
Books  Are  Sold 


THE  DIAL 

jfortntB&tlp  journal  of  Utterarp  Criticism,  Jitecustfion,  anb  3nf ormation. 


THE  DIAL  (founded  in  1886)  is  published  fortnightly  — 
every  other  Thursday  —  except  in  July  and  August,  in  which 
one  issue  for  each  month  will  appear.  TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIP- 
TION, $2.  a  year  in  advance,  postage  prepaid  in  the  United 
States  and  Mexico;  Foreign  and  Canadian  postage  50  cents 
per  year  extra.  REMITTANCES  should  be  by  check,  or  by 
express  or  postal  order,  payable  to  THE  DIAL.  Unless  other- 
wise ordered,  subscriptions  will  begin  with  the  current  num- 
ber. When  no  direct  request  to  discontinue  at  expiration  of 
subscription  is  received,  it  is  assumed  that  a  continuance  of 
the  subscription  is  desired.  ADVERTISING  RATES  furnished  on 
application. 

Published  by  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY, 
632  Sherman  Street,  Chicago. 


Entered  as  Second-Class  Matter  October  8,  1892,  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  under  Act  of  March  3,  1879. 


Vol.  LVIII. 


MAY  13,   1915 


No.  694 


CONTEXTS.  PAQE 

THE    PRESENT   GENERATION.     Edivard   E. 

Hale 365 

CASUAL  COMMENT 368 

The  lost  classics  of  ancient  Greece. —  The 
short-story  harvest  of  1914. —  The  new  head 
of  the  John  Carter  Brown  Library. —  An 
adjustment  of  copyright  differences. —  One 
day's  activities  in  a  busy  reference  room. — 
A  potent  poem. —  Second-hand  knowledge  of 
books. —  A  definition  of  great  literature. 

COMMUNICATIONS 370 

A    Spurious    Derivation    Attributed    to    La 

Salle.    J.  Seymour  Currey. 
The  Fallacies  of  "  Peace  Insurance."  Richard 

Stockton,  Jr. 
An  Ancient  Journalistic  Jest.    Walter  Taylor 

Field. 

A    VETERAN    DRAMATIC    CRITIC    ON    FA- 
MOUS     SHAKESPEAREAN      ACTORS. 

Percy  F.  Bicknell 373 

A  CRITIC'S  CREDO.    Herbert  Ellsworth  Cory     .  375 
A  DEFENCE  OF  SOCIALISM.     Alex.  MacJcen- 

drick 377 

TWO  CANADIAN  STATESMEN.    Lawrence  J. 

Burpee 380 

THREE  BOOKS  ON  SOUTH  AMERICA.    P.  A. 

Martin 381 

RECENT  FICTION.     William  Morton  Payne    .  383 

NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS 385 

BRIEFS   ON   NEW  BOOKS 386 

The  poet's  California. —  Charter  making  for 
American  municipalities. —  The  future  gran- 
ary of  the  world. —  An  iconoclastic  study  of 
Lowell  as  a  critic. —  The  pilot  of  Britain's 
war  destinies. —  Old  and  new  religions  in 
modern  India. —  The  story  of  Belgium's  mar- 
tyrdom.—  A  satire  and  some  one-act  plays  by 
Mr.  Jones. —  Studies  in  Canadian  politics  and 
education. —  A  rolling  stone  that  gathered 
much  moss. 

BRIEFER  MENTION .  390 

NOTES 391 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS    .  .  393 


THE  PRESENT  GENERATION. 

Every  man  of  middle  age  must  have  looked 
back  to  the  days  of  his  youth  and  speculated  a 
little  on  how  different  things  were  then ;  there 
comes  a  time  in  the  life  of  everyone  when  he 
realizes  that  he  is  no  longer  young  and  that  the 
present  generation  is  somehow  different  from 
the  generation  of  his  youth.  Just  what  this 
difference  is,  is  rarely  obvious.  It  is  no  more 
obvious  to-day  than  at  other  times. 

For  myself,  I  am  of  necessity  given  to  rather 
academic  studies,  and  I  often  join  such 
thoughts  to  speculations  concerning  the  turn 
of  the  century  that  rise  from  a  study  of  En- 
glish Literature.  There  we  have,  as  has  often 
been  noted,  the  great  age  of  Elizabeth,  a  period 
of  freedom,  and  the  great  age  of  Anne,  a 
period  of  discipline.  The  mind  naturally  runs 
on  to  the  romantic  period,  about  1800,  where 
again  it  was  the  time  of  liberty  and  imagina- 
tion and  ideas;  and  then  says,  How  about 
1900  ?  "Was  that  to  be  a  second  period  of  dis- 
cipline, of  correctness,  of  restraint?  Has  it 
been,  is  it  such? 

Certainly  we  can  hardly  expect  the  regular 
recurrence  of  expansion  and  contraction,  of 
systole  and  diastole,  as  my  honored  old  teacher 
Professor  Corson  used  to  like  to  say.  Even  if 
it  were  a  regular  heart  beating,  or  a  pendulum 
swinging,  we  should  hardly  expect  that;  for 
though  it  might  have  come  regularly  in  1600, 
1700,  1800,  there  has  been  such  disturbance 
of  conditions  that  we  could  hardly  expect  just 
the  same  ebb  and  flow,  or  flow  and  ebb,  coming 
to  its  point  in  1900.  Not  to  mention  the  great 
Victorian  age,  which  perhaps  was  no  greater 
interruption  to  the  regularity  of  ideas  than  the 
Puritan  revolution  in  the  seventeenth  century 
or  the  romantic  revival  in  the  eighteenth, 
there  were  other  new  conditions  especially 
affecting  letters.  The  utilitarian  turn  of  the 
Victorian  age  was  certainly  making  for  an  age 
of  restraint,  and  indeed  had  made  it,  only 
sooner  than  one  might  have  expected.  No  time 
has  been  so  dead  to  anything  that  the  Eliza- 
bethans or  the  romanticists  would  recognize  as 
the  time  about  1880.  The  period  of  repression 
had  come  sooner,  that  was  all, —  induced  prob- 
ably by  the  immense  increase  of  the  read- 


366 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  13 


ing  and  writing  public  that  came  about  from 
the  mechanical  advances  in  printing  and  the 
other  arts  that  go  to  the  making  of  books. 
I  should  say  that  the  older  generation  —  the 
generation  which  came  to  maturity  about  '75, 
'80,  or  '85  —  showed  not  restraint  but  repres- 
sion to  a  considerable  degree.  It  did  nothing 
in  poetry;  to  write  ballades,  villanelles,  ron- 
deaus, rondels,  triolets  was  its  highest  achieve- 
ment. It  did  something  in  prose ;  but  it  was 
the  prose  of  observation  and  document,  the 
prose  of  Defoe  two  hundred  years  before,  but 
generally  without  his  genius.  It  was  pretty 
hopeless  in  religion  (here  in  America,  at  least) , 
and  pretty  hopeless  in  politics.  Much  may  be 
learned  from  the  attitude  of  the  young.  Thou- 
sands of  men  now  getting  on  in  middle  life 
were  then  in  college;  they  can  say  whether 
what  was  then  called  "  Harvard  indifference  " 
was  confined  to  Harvard. 

We  need  not  fancy  that  1900  was  to  have 
been  another  1700.  It  very  clearly  was  not. 
Whoever  looked  in  1900  for  a  modern  Pope,  a 
modern  Addison,  a  modern  Defoe,  a  modern 
Locke,  would  have  been  sadly  disappointed. 
Rudyard  Kipling  and  Bernard  Shaw,  Henri 
Bergson  and  William  James,  John  Sargent 
and  Claude  Monet,  Anatole  France  and  Mau- 
rice Maeterlinck  did  not  point  in  that  direc- 
tion. It  may  not  be  clear  just  whither  they* 
did  point ;  but  it  was  not  toward  Law,  as  com- 
monly understood.  Science  and  Logic  and 
Realism  had  come  to  their  zenith  some  years 
before. 

If  we  look  back  to  those  days  thirty  or  forty 
years  ago  —  we  who  can  remember  them  —  we 
shall  feel  instinctively  that  times  were  very 
different.  And  the  difference  will  not  be  the 
usual  difference  between  youth  and  middle 
age.  It  is  not  that  we  were  then  fresh,  enthusi- 
astic, free,  and  that  now  we  are  confined,  toned 
down,  limited.  That  is  the  way  one  would 
expect  an  older  man  to  look  back  to  the  days 
of  his  youth.  But  I  will  wager  that  with  any 
man  who  has  kept  up  with  the  times,  the  feel- 
ing is  just  the  reverse, —  he  will  feel  that  in 
those  days  he  was  confined  and  had  no  chance 
to  live  or  think,  and  that  it  is  in  these  days 
that  one  is  more  free  to  do  something. 

Take  a  few  of  the  movements  of  the  time 
that  especially  concern  young  men  and  young 
women.  We  might  at  the  very  first  say  that  it 
is  something  that  such  things  should  now  con- 
cern young  women  as  well  as  young  men ;  but 
take  that  for  granted.  It  was  in  1888  that  the 


Student  Volunteer  Movement  was  begun ;  that 
is  a  type,  only,  of  a  movement  for  active  relig- 
ion a  hundred-fold  greater.  It  was  the  indi- 
rect outcome,  of  course,  of  earlier  influences, 
such  as  the  preaching  of  Moody ;  but  the  full 
fruition  of  Moody's  work  was  slow.  The 
Northfield  Conference,  the  Student  Volun- 
teers, the  Christian  Endeavorers,  and  many 
other  forms  of  awakened  Christianity,  came  in 
the  last  generation. 

In  politics  the  change  is  equally  marked. 
The  recollections  of  any  political  worker  of 
middle  age,  the  life  of  any  politician,  should 
show  that  much.  As  I  look  back  to  my  college 
days,  I  feel  sure  that  the  temptation  to  the 
young  man  to  get  out  into  political  work  was 
very  slight.  I  often  used  to  think  of  it:  it* 
seemed  as  if  the  great  causes  had  all  been  set- 
tled; civil  service  reform  and  the  mugwump 
movement  were  almost  the  only  things.  Doubt- 
less there  was  far  more  than  I  saw  in  those- 
days,  but  I  believe  the  main  idea  is  correct. 

So  also  with  social  service.  Charles  Brace's; 
"  The  Dangerous  Classes  of  New  York  "  and 
Charles  Booth's  "  Labor  and  Life  in  East 
London  "  were  early  and  important  books,  and 
General  Booth's  Christian  Mission  as  well  as 
the  Five-Points  Mission  in  New  York  pointed 
a  way.  But  the  new  era  only  began  with 
Toynbee  Hall  in  1885  and  Hull  House  in  1889. 
Social  service  to-day  is  a  wholly  different  thing; 
from  the  philanthropy  of  1880. 

This  deals  chiefly  with  America  alone.  I 
have  not  the  broad  outlook  that  could  include 
the  world ;  but  certainly  the  words  Modernism; 
in  religion,  Socialism  in  politics,  Social  Ser- 
vice in  philanthropy,  seem  to  show  much  the 
same  thing.  In  one  case  we  can  be  more  exact. 
In  France  a  few  years  ago  they  were  much 
impressed  with  just  this  interest  of  which  I 
now  speak,  and  a  number  of  inquiries  were 
made  as  to  the  difference  in  the  thought  of  the 
young  men  of  France  in  our  own  day  and  the 
young  men  of  a  generation  ago.  Of  these  in- 
quiries the  one  published  under  the  name  of 
"Agathon  "  was  most  widely  known,  and  in 
spite  of  some  adverse  criticism  its  general 
tenor  may  probably  be  accepted  as  accurate. 
Agathon  looks  back  to  the  eighties,  and  views 
the  generation  for  which  Paul  Bourget  wrote 
his  "  Psychologic  Contemporaine."  There  are 
perhaps  among  those  who  read  these  lines  some 
who  remember  those  brilliant  essays  when  they 
came  out,  those  remarkable  studies  of  the  mas- 
ters of  modern  France, —  Taine,  Renan,  Bau- 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


367 


delaire.  Agathon  sees  the  generation  of  young 
France  which  came  to  manhood  in  the  years 
following  the  war  of  '70-'71  to  have  been 
materialistic,  sceptical,  dilettante.  Very  dif- 
ferent the  France  of  to-day,  as  Agathon  por- 
trayed it  and  as  the  war  found  it, —  very 
different  in  religion,  in  politics,  and  in  the  life 
of  service. 

We  cannot  be  far  wrong  if  we  believe  that 
the  new  century  found  the  human  spirit 
straining  to  get  forward  rather  than  holding 
back,  looking  out  and  not  in,  bent  on  action 
rather  than  doubting  as  to  truth.  So  much 
probably  would  be  news  to  few. 

Farther  it  might  be  hard  to  go.  Was  1900 
merely  looking  to  a  repetition  of  1800  or  1600, 
—  a  repetition  coming  faster  than  might  have 
been  anticipated  because  ideas  get  about  faster 
than  they  used  and  so  men  live  faster  than 
they  used?  Can  we  take  the  torch  of  Shake- 
speare and  Bacon  and  Spenser,  of  Wordsworth 
and  Byron  and  Shelley,  and  carry  it  farther  ? 
Can  we  indeed  (to  drop  the  figure)  even  read 
Shakespeare  and  Wordsworth  to-day  and  feel 
that  they  have  anything  to  say  to  the  modern 
man?  Certain  men  of  modern  minds  would 
doubtless  say  no. 

I  would  not  discuss  that.  I  would  gladly, 
however,  point  out  one  new  idea  in  the  pres- 
ent course  of  events  which  may  prove  to  be  a 
general  leaven  to  the  life  of  our  time.  I  have 
spoken  of  religion,  politics,  and  social  service ; 
now  there  is  a  word  to  be  said  of  literature. 
The  literature  of  the  last  generation  has 
offered  a  curious  commingling  of  the  effort  to 
see  the  environment  of  the  life  about  us  just 
as  it  is  (which  is  sometimes  called  realism)  and 
the  effort  to  realize  some  other  kind  of  life 
which  we  instinctively  feel  is  better,  which  is 
sometimes  called  romance  and  sometimes  ideal- 
ism and  sometimes  other  things.  Everyone 
will  recognize  this  in  the  fiction  of  the  last 
thirty  years  and  in  the  drama.  It  may  be  seen 
also  in  poetry.  Toward  the  end  of  the  eighties 
appeared  the  work  of  Henley  and  of  Yeats; 
in  the  nineties  were  Davidson  and  Phillips ;  in 
the  first  years  of  our  century  came  John  Mase- 
field  and  Alfred  Noyes.  The  first  thing  one 
would  say  about  Henley,  Davidson,  Masefield 
(or  at  least  the  first  thing  that  people  did  say) 
is,  Here  is  realism.  And  of  Yeats,  Phillips, 
Noyes,  we  should  say,  Here  is  romance.  Yet 
as  soon  as  we  begin  to  read  either  set  we  find 
that  such  a  ticketing  is  not  of  much  use.  Each 
one  may  have  his  especial  leading,  but  Henley, 


in  spite  of  his  "  Hospital  Sketches "  and 
"  London  Voluntaries,"  is  certainly  romantic 
enough ;  and  Yeats,  in  spite  of  his  wanderings 
with  Oisin  and  Niamh,  in  spite  of  his  old 
Celtic  romance  or  his  modern  magic,  keeps 
pretty  well  in  touch  with  the  plain  every-day 
life  of  the  modern  Irish  peasant.  And  so  with 
the  others ;  there  are  preferences  but  there  is 
not  that  sharp  distinction  between  life  as  we 
know  it  and  life  as  we  wish  it  might  be. 

There  is  a  passage  in  Scott's  "  Waverley  " 
that  is  very  typical  of  its  time,  almost  exactly 
a  century  ago.  Toward  the  end  of  the  book  it 
is  written  of  Waverley,  left  behind  on  the  re- 
treat from  Derby,  that  "  he  felt  himself  enti- 
tled to  say  firmly,  though  perhaps  with  a  sigh, 
that  the  romance  of  his  life  was  ended,  and 
that  its  real  history  had  commenced." 

But  nobody  believes  in  any  such  sharp  con- 
trast now.  The  whole  idea  of  modern  religion, 
modern  politics,  modern  social  service  is  that 
one  must  go  into  them  with  such  conviction, 
such  enthusiasm,  such  life  that  their  crudest 
realities  fuse  into  a  true  romance.  In  fact, 
neo-realism  and  neo-romance  are  the  same 
thing ;  which  is  the  reason  why  it  is  so  hard  to 
classify  (in  the  old  classification)  people  like 
Rudyard  Kipling  and  Bernard  Shaw. 

Of  these  two  typical  men  I  will  merely  offer 
two  sayings  which  (to  my  mind)  provide  an 
explanation  of  the  modern  movement.  Of  Kip- 
ling we  have  an  evidence,  not  from  his  own 
writing  but  from  that  of  another,  as  to  what 
he  was  to  the  rising  generation.  "  He  pro- 
vided phrases  for  just  that  desire  for  discipline 
and  devotion."  There  is  more  in  "  The  New 
Machiavelli,"  but  that  expresses  what  I  see  in 
Kipling, —  discipline  become  devotion,  or  just 
the  other  way  if  you  will.  That  gets  the  two 
things  together  somehow,  liberty  and  law;  it 
fuses  them.  Of  Bernard  Shaw  I  will  merely 
quote  a  chance  expression,  but  a  true  one  for 
all  that.  "  Virtue,"  says  he,  "  consists  not  in 
abstaining  from  vice,  but  in  not  desiring  it." 
I  don't  know  where  he  says  it;  but  I  would 
trust  Dr.  Archibald  Henderson,  from  whom  I 
quote  it,  on  more  than  that. 

I  have  written  so  much  already  that  I  can- 
not now  develop  this  idea  into  all  its  ramifica- 
tions in  the  life  of  our  time.  Perhaps  some 
other  time  I  may  be  allowed  space  to  do  that. 
For  the  moment  it  must  be  enough  to  say  that 
the  whole  strength  of  the  religious  movements 
of  the  past  generation  lies  in  its  emphasis  on 
the  power  of  Christ  to-day  to  bring  the  human 


368 


[  May  13 


will  into  harmony  with  himself  and  the  pur- 
poses of  God ;  that  the  essence  of  modern  poli- 
tics is  that  no  system  and  no  legislation  im- 
posed from  without  can  ever  make  our  public 
life  what  it  should  be,  but  that  reform  must  be 
renaissance  and  come  from  within,  must  begin 
with  the  individual  citizen ;  and  that  the  heart 
of  the  social  movement  lies  not  in  a  sort  of 
Lady  Bountiful  helping  the  poor,  but  in  so 
much  fellow-feeling  with  those  who  need  help 
that  one  realizes  that  the  needs  and  wants  of 
one  are  needs  and  wants  of  all.  The  aim  is 
(as  it  has  always  been)  sincerity:  the  only 
way  to  make  men  good  is  to  make  them  long 
to  be  good. 

An  old  idea, —  John  Wesley,  Francis,  Paul 
knew  it.  If  it  be  not  the  idea  of  to-day  I  wish 
it  was.  EDWARD  E.  HALE. 


CASUAL  COMMENT. 

THE  LOST  CLASSICS  OF  ANCIENT  GREECE  have 

for  centuries  been  vaguely  and  longingly  con- 
jectured to  be  awaiting  disinterment  whenever 
some  conquering  army  of  Christian  Europe 
should  recover  Constantine's  capital  from  the 
Moslem  Turk.  Hence  the  hopes  of  the  learned 
world,  perhaps  even  including  the  Teutonic 
world,  in  these  days  of  reported  naval  and 
military  activity  in  and  about  the  Dardanelles 
and  the  Bosphorus.  If  at  last  the  treasures  of 
literature  now  supposed  to  be  lurking  in  sun- 
dry crypts  and  lofts  and  mosque  libraries  of 
Constantinople  shall  be  brought  to  light,  what 
may  they  not  include  ?  Even  some  of  the  best- 
known  names  in  Greek  poetry  and  drama  are 
at  present  represented  by  but  a  small  portion 
of  the  writings  believed  to  have  come  from 
their  respective  authors'  pens,  ^Eschylus, 
known  to  us  through  seven  cherished  tragedies, 
is  said  to  have  written  ten  times  that  number ; 
Sophocles  likewise  survives  in  seven  of  his 
tragedies,  while  one  hundred  and  thirty  are 
ascribed  to  him ;  and  though  the  less-esteemed 
Euripides  has  come  down  to  us  in  a  score  (less 
two)  of  his  dramatic  pieces,  he  exhibited  plays 
for  thirty-three  years  after  first  winning  the 
grand  prize  in  441  B.  c.,  and  must  have  left 
behind  him  when  he  died  in  406,  at  the  age  of 
seventy-five,  a  great  many  more  than  the 
eighteen  extant  tragedies  bearing  his  name. 
Of  other  famous  Greeks,  known  to  the  modern 
world  by  few  of  their  works  or  by  none  at  all, 
and  thought  to  be  awaiting  a  possible  resurrec- 
tion when  the  day  of  doom  shall  dawn  on  the 
Turkish  capital,  there  are,  for  example,  Archi- 
lochus  of  Paros,  Hipponax  of  Ephesus,  Ana- 
creon  and  Sappho  and  Alcaeus,  Stersichorus, 


Simonides  of  Amorgos,  and  that  later  Simon- 
ides,  of  Ceos,  famous  for  his  prize  elegy  on 
those  who  fell  at  Marathon,  and  for  fifty-five 
other  prize  compositions;  and  Pindar,  whose 
extant  work  is  but  a  fragment,  and  Philetas  of 
Cos,  and  Lycophron,  and  Callimachus,  and 
Meleager,  and  who  knows  how  many  more.  If 
all  these  should  come  into  their  own  with  the 
fall  of  Constantinople,  what  a  renaissance  of 
Greek  literature  would  forever  after  be  assor 
ciated  with  this  the  four  hundred  and  sixty- 
second  year  after  the  taking  of  that  city  by 
the  Ottomans!  And  if  the  recapture  of  the 
place  from  them  should  chance  to  fall  on  the 
twenty-ninth  of  this  month  —  for  it  was  on 
May  29,  1453,  that  they  took  possession  of  the 
capital  of  the  Eastern  Empire  —  what  a  mem- 
orable anniversary  celebration  that  would  be ! 

•    •    • 

THE  SHORT-STORY  HARVEST  OF  1914,  so  far 
as  that  harvest  is  garnered  within  the  covers 
of  eight  leading  American  periodicals,  has 
been  winnowed  and  sifted  by  Mr.  Edward  J. 
O'Brien,  who  publishes  the  results  of  his  self- 
imposed  labor  in  the  Boston  "  Transcript,"  in 
a  form  resembling  that  in  which  Mr.  William 
Stanley  Braithwaite  has  for  some  years  been 
wont  to  present  his  findings  in  respect  to  the 
annual  crop  of  magazine  verse.  Six  hundred 
and  one  short  stories  were  read  by  Mr.  O'Brien, 
who  pronounces  229  of  them  to  be  possessed 
of  "distinction,"  and  86  marked  by  "very 
high  distinction."  Among  those  writers  who 
have  produced  the  best  work  in  this  depart- 
ment, according  to  Mr.  O'Brien,  are  especially 
to  be  noted  Mrs.  Katharine  Fullerton  Gerould, 
Mr.  Joseph  Conrad,  Mr.  Melville  Davisson 
Post,  Mr.  H.  G.  Dwight,  Mr.  James  Hopper, 
Miss  Elsie  Singmaster,  Mr.  Francis  Buzzell, 
Mr.  John  Luther  Long,  Mr.  Conrad  Richter, 
Mrs.  Mary  E.  Wilkins  Freeman,  Mr.  Gouver- 
neur  Morris,  Mr.  Calvin  Johnston,  Mr.  Armis- 
tead  C.  Gordon,  Miss  Mary  Synon,  Mrs.  Edith 
Wharton,  and  Mr.  John  Galsworthy;  and 
in  his  opinion  the  five  best  short  stories  of 
the  year  were,  in  the  order  of  their  merit, 
"Brothers  of  No  Kin,"  by  Mr.  Richter  (in 
"The  Forum"),  "Addie  Erb  and  Her  Girl 
Lottie,"  by  Mr.  Buzzell  (in  "  The  Century"), 
"A  Simple  Tale,"  by  Mr.  Galsworthy,  "  The 
Bravest  Son,"  by  Mary  Synon,  and  "  The  Tri- 
umph of  Night,"  by  Mrs.  Wharton  (the  three 
last-named  in  " Scribner's  Magazine").  Mr. 
O'Brien's  deductions  and  judgments  are  of 
undoubted  interest;  yet  it  is  nevertheless 
probable  that  if  ninety-nine  other  persons  of 
equal  critical  capability  were  to  present  ap- 
praisals, based  upon  the  same  data,  of  the  best 
short  stories  of  the  year,  no  two  lists  among 
the  hundred  would  be  found  to  correspond. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


369 


One  is  reminded  of  Mr.  Bernard  Shaw's  rejec- 
tion of  a  check  for  one  thousand  dollars  sent 
him  as  first  prize  in  a  short-story  contest  con- 
ducted by  "  Collier's  Weekly  "  a  few  years  ago. 
"How  do  you  know  that  mine  was  the  best 
story  received  ? "  wrote  Mr.  Shaw  to  the  editor ; 
"you  are  not  Posterity!  " 
•  •  • 

THE  NEW  HEAD  OF  THE  JOHN  CARTER  BROWN 

LIBRARY,  in  succession  to  Mr.  George  Parker 
Winship,  who  goes  to  Harvard  as  librarian  of 
the  Harry  Elkins  Widener  collection,  is  an- 
nounced to  be  Mr.  Champlin  Burrage,  of  the 
same  stock  as  the  Boston  Burrages,  though  his 
present  position  as  librarian  of  Manchester 
College,  Oxford,  may  beget  the  erroneous  in- 
ference that  he  is  an  Englishman.  Portland, 
Maine,  is  his  birthplace,  Brown  University  his 
alma  mater,  and  he  is  still  on  what  may  be 
called  the  upward  slope  of  life,  having  been 
graduated  from  college  as  late  as  1896.  Two 
years  of  German  university  study,  chiefly  at 
Berlin,  followed  his  graduation,  and  he  has 
made  a  specialty  of  church  history,  particu- 
larly the  history  of  the  non-conformist  move- 
ment in  England,  unearthing  some  important 
documents  about  Kobert  Browne,  founder  of 
the  Brownist  sect,  which  later  became  known  j 
as  that  of  the  Independents  or  Congregation- 
alists.  Also  new  sources  of  knowledge  relating 
to  John  Robinson,  pastor  of  the  Pilgrims  in 
Holland,  have  been  laid  open  by  Mr.  Burrage, 
who  has  published  "  The  New  Covenant  Idea," 
"  New  Facts  concerning  Rev.  John  Robinson," 
and  "  The  Early  English  Dissenters  in  the 
Light  of  Recent  Research."  He  has  taken  the 
degree  of  bachelor  of  letters  at  Oxford,  which 
has  stood  sponsor  for  his  more  important  his- 
torical publications  and  has,  through  Profes- 
sor Firth  and  others,  expressed  its  sense  of  his 
ability  in  research.  A  collector,  for  himself 
and  others,  and  a  bibliophile,  as  well  as  a  stu- 
dent and  writer,  he  comes  to  his  new  duties  at 
Providence  with  ample  equipment  and  every 
promise  of  success  in  continuing  the  useful- 
ness and  the  high  repute  of  the  famous  his- 
torical library  to  which  he  is  called. 
•  •  • 

AN  ADJUSTMENT  OP  COPYRIGHT  DIFFERENCES 

between  this  country  and  England,  as  indeed 
between  all  the  civilized  nations  of  the  earth,  is 
one  of  the  things  to  be  hoped  for  and  striven 
for  in  that  better  future  to  which  mankind  is 
ever  looking  eagerly  forward.  A  recent  step 
in  the  right  direction  has  been  taken  by  the 
British  government  in  the  issuance  of  an 
"  order  in  council  "  —  not  of  a  warlike  com- 
plexion, but  eminently  pacificatory  —  decree- 
ing that  henceforth  the  unpublished  literary, 
dramatic,  musical,  or  artistic  work  of  an  Amer- 


ican author,  playwright,  composer,  or  artist 
shall  enjoy  the  protection  of  British  copyright 
equally  with  all  such  work  of  British  origin. 
Thus  the  public  performance  of  an  American 
play  in  England  will  make  its  copyright  there 
secure,  without  the  publication  heretofore  re- 
quired for  copyright  purposes.  Musical  com- 
positions and  art  works  will  profit  in  like 
manner.  All  this  should  remind  us,  to  our 
shame,  that  England  has  always  been  more 
liberal  toward  American  authors  in  respect  to 
copyright  privileges  than  America  has  been 
toward  English  authors.  Our  absurd  laws 
still  require  an.  English  author  seeking  Amer- 
ican copyright,  to  print  his  book  in  this  coun- 
try from  type  set  up  or  plates  made  in  the 
United  States,  whereas  England  only  asks  for 
simultaneous  publication  in  the  two  countries, 
with  no  silly  specifications  in  regard  to  print- 
ing. In  the  realm  of  letters  all  things  that 
savor  of  international  jealousy  or  suspicion  or 
unfriendliness  are  absurdly  and  lamentably 
out  of  place. 

•        •        • 

ONE  DAY'S  ACTIVITIES  IN  A  BUSY  REFERENCE 
ROOM  are  too  numerous  and  varied,  and  under 
too  little  supervision  or  control,  to  admit  of 
anything  like  accurate  record.  Who  can  tell 
how  many  hundred  different  topics  may  be  the 
subject  of  more  or  less  thorough  research  at 
any  one  time,  through  the  thousand  or  more 
general  works  of  reference  freely  accessible  to 
all  comers  in  such  public  libraries  as  those  of 
New  York,  Chicago,  Cleveland,  Boston,  and 
St.  Louis'?  Within  the  working  hours  of  one 
such  literary  laboratory,  that  at  Brooklyn,  the 
following  subjects  are  "  a  few  that  came  to  the 
attention  of  the  staff,"  as  we  learn  from  Mr. 
Calvin  W.  Foss,  the  reference  librarian  in 
charge  of  the  department :  "Assaying  of  dia- 
monds ;  lubricating  oils ;  Platt  Amendment  to 
Act  concerning  Relations  of  United  States 
with  Cuba;  criticisms  of  the  writings  of  Seu- 
mas  MacManus ;  Norman  influence  on  English 
literature;  Franco-Spanish  Treaty  (1912) 
concerning  Morocco;  civil  status  of  Ceuta, 
Morocco;  Tissot  paintings  of  Life  of  Christ; 
New  York  laws  respecting  Morgues ;  foot  and 
mouth  disease;  follicular  mange;  color  pho- 
tography; laws  governing  charitable  institu- 
tions of  New  York  City;  finger-ring  design; 
Japanese  embroidery;  steam  engineering; 
comparative  value  of  clay  lands  in  different 
states,  and  market  prices  of  the  clays ;  archi- 
tecture and  furnishings  of  colonial  dining 
rooms."  When  it  is  borne  in  mind  that  on  the 
following  day  as  many  more  entirely  different 
topics  probably  demanded  investigation,  and 
on  the  day  after  that  still  another  list,  and  so 
on  for  year  after  year,  though  with  considera- 


370 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  13 


ble  duplication  of  research,  in  the  long-  run,  the 
practical  usefulness  of  this  part  of  a  library's 
equipment  becomes  apparent.  We  need  this 
reminder  occasionally,  in  view  of  the  unde- 
niable expense  of  this  equipment. 

A  POTENT  POEM,  the  potency  of  which  has 
shown  itself  in  causing  the  withdrawal  of 
Professor  Kuno  Meyer's  candidacy  for  the  ex- 
change professorship  at  Harvard  next  season, 
has  enjoyed  an  unexpectedly  wide  publicity 
after  its  recent  initial  appearance  in  "  The 
Harvard  Advocate."  Awarded  by  Dean  Briggs 
and  Professor  Bliss  Perry  the  prize  offered  by 
this  student  publication  for  the  best  poem  on 
the  European  war,  this  piece  of  verse,  from  the 
pen  of  Mr.  C.  Huntington  Jacobs,  of  the  junior 
class,  takes  its  place  beside  Hoffmann  von 
Fallersleben's  "  Deutschland,  Deutschland 
iiber  Alles  "  as  a  generator  of  strife.  It  is 
entitled  "Gott  mit  Uns,"  and  is  doubtless 
familiar  to  most  readers  by  this  time.  That 
Euterpe  or  Polyhymnia  or  any  other  of  the 
Muses  should  thus  become  involved  with  Mars 
in  a  quarrel  so  abhorrent,  as  one  would  sup- 
pose, to  the  Pierian  Nine,  must  excite  regret. 
The  present  incident,  which  has  elicited  an 
impassioned  protest  from  our  distinguished 
visitor,  may  perhaps  serve  a  useful  end  in  illus- 
trating how  trivial  a  matter  will  evoke  the 
most  vehement  demonstrations  of  wrath  when 
the  atmosphere  is  tense  with  such  bitter  ani- 
mosities as  those  of  the  present  time.  "We  are 
living  in  a  powder  magazine,  and  must  be 
careful  with  our  matches. 
•  •  • 

SECOND-HAND  KNOWLEDGE  OF  BOOKS  is  very 
decidedly  abundant,  as  compared  with  direct 
acquaintance.  The  hardest  work  in  the  world 
is  to  think  independently ;  therefore  mankind 
in  general  is  glad  to  be  told  what  it  ought  to 
think  about  the  great  masters  of  literature, 
and  what  book-titles  and  other  scraps  of  lit- 
erary information  it  ought  to  have  at  its 
tongue's  end.  Addison  and  Johnson,  Mon- 
taigne and  Yoltaire,  Schiller  and  Goethe, 
Homer  and  Dante  and  even  Shakespeare,  are 
little  more  than  names  to  many  persons  who 
have  the  reputation  of  being-  well-read  and 
perhaps  actually  think  themselves  to  be  so. 
This  vague  half -knowledge,  or  one-tenth- 
knowledge,  however,  is  rarely  made  the  object 
of  deliberate  commendation  on  the  part  of 
anyone  whose  opinion  is  of  value.  Yet  some 
such  praise  seems  to  be  bestowed  by  "  The  Bul- 
letin of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and 
Sciences  "  when  in  a  recent  well-deserved  trib- 
ute to  Professor  Copeland  of  Harvard  it  says : 
"Many  Harvard  men  owe  their  knowledge  of 
eighteenth-century  English,  of  Fielding  and 


Smollett,  of  Goldsmith  and  Pope,  directly  to 
Mr.  Copeland  rather  than  to  their  readings  in 
history  or  literature  of  that  age."  Might  it  not 
have  been  more  complimentary  to  Professor 
Copeland,  and  also  nearer  the  truth,  to  say 
that  many  Harvard  men  owe  their  knowledge 
of  the  authors  named  to  their  readings  in  those 
authors,  prompted  by  their  teacher,  even  more 
than  to  his  personal  instruction?  Contact 
with  a  born  educator  does  not  convert  the 
pupil  into  a  sponge;  he  is  rather  fired  with 
zeal  for  more  positive  intellectual  activity  than 
is  implied  in  mere  absorption.  The  assimila- 
tion of  knowledge,  like  the  assimilation  of 
food,  calls  for  a  considerable  amount  of  reac- 
tive energy. 

•    •    • 

A  DEFINITION  OF  GREAT  LITERATURE,  from  Mr. 

Howells's  pen,  has  gained  considerable  cur- 
rency of  late,  and  its  pithy  brevity  makes  it 
worth  committing  to  memory.  It  was  after 
commending  the  unstudied  effectiveness  of 
Grant's  style  in  his  "  Personal  Memoirs  "  that 
he  enunciated,  in  explanation  of  the  book's 
recognized  claim  to  greatness,  the  truth  that 
"  great  literature  is  nothing  more  nor  less  than 
the  clear  expression  of  minds  that  have  some- 
thing great  in  them,  whether  religion,  or 
beauty,  or  deep  experience."  This  helps  to 
explain  why,  as  Leslie  Stephen  was  wont  to 
affirm,  the  best  biography  is  that  which  ap- 
proaches the  nearest  to  autobiography ;  and  it 
was  with  some  such  truth  in  mind  that  Edward 
Rowland  Sill  used  to  declare  the  only  thing  a 
man  was  really  competent  to  write  about  was 
himself.  Hence,  too,  as  has  been  more  than 
once  pointed  out,  the  truly  great  novel  is,  in 
essentials,  autobiographical,  though  it  is  by  no 
means  necessary  that  it  should  be  written  in 
the  first  person,  and  it  does  not  at  all  follow 
that  every  work  of  fiction  presented  as  auto- 
biography is  possessed  of  greatness.  Those 
novelists  who  hope  to  impart  an  otherwise  un- 
attainable virtue  to  their  productions  by  mak- 
ing them  autobiographic  in  form,  but  not  in 
substance,  may  deceive  themselves,  though 
they  will  never  deceive  a  discerning  reader. 


COMMUNICATIONS. 

A  SPURIOUS  DERIVATION  ATTRIBUTED 

TO  LA  SALLE. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

A  story  was  set  afloat  some  years  ago  concerning 
the  derivation  of  the  name  of  Chicago,  which  in  the 
first  instance  was  intended  without  doubt  as  a 
humorous  sally  by  its  originator.  But  as  in  at 
least  two  instances,  it  has  deceived  recent  writers, 
who  seem  to  have  regarded  it  as  authentic,  it  would 
appear  to  be  necessary  to  examine  the  matter 
seriously. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


371 


In  Edwin  0.  Gale's  "  Reminiscences  of  Early 
Chicago,"  published  in  1902,  there  was  printed 
what  purported  to  be  a  letter  by  the  explorer  La 
Salle,  said  to  have  been  written  in  1682  from  the  j 
present  site  of  Chicago,  "  to  a  friend  in  France." 
In  this  letter  (as  printed)  La  Salle  describes  the 
river,  flowing  into  the  lake  with  a  feeble  current, 
"  which  occupies  the  course  that  formerly  the 
waters  of  these  great  lakes  took  as  they  flowed 
southward  to  the  Mississippi  river."  La  Salle  is 
made  to  say  in  this  letter  that  "  the  boundless 
regions  of  the  West  must  send  their  products  to  the 
East  through  this  point.  This  will  be  the  gate  of 
empire,  this  the  seat  of  commerce,"  —  a  truly 
remarkable  prediction  if  he  ever  wrote  it  as  alleged. 
"  If  I  were  to  give  this  place  a  name,"  he  continues, 
tl  I  would  derive  it  from  the  nature  of  the  place  and 
the  nature  of  the  man  who  will  occupy  this  place  — 
ago,  I  act;  circum,  all  around;  Circago."  Gale 
comments  as  follows  on  this  extraordinary  deri- 
vation :  "  The  recollections  of  this  statement, 
imparted  to  an  Indian  chief,  remained  but  indis- 
tinctly, and  when  the  Americans  who  built  Fort 
Dearborn  came  to  these  wilds  they  heard  what  they 
thought  to  be  the  legendary  name  of  the  place  and 
pronounced  it  as  did  the  Indians,  Che-ca-go,  instead 
of  Circago  as  La  Salle  had  named  it." 

Gale  was  an  inveterate  joker,  as  anyone  will  read- 
ily perceive  who  reads  his  book;  but  his  recollec- 
tions have  a  real  value  to  the  historical  student 
notwithstanding  the  author's  humorous  proclivities, 
for  he  came  at  a  very  early  time,  having  arrived 
with  his  parents  at  Chicago  in  1835.  Now  this 
so-called  letter  of  La  Salle's  was  given  a  place  in 
Gale's  book  apparently  for  a  humorous  purpose 
and  nothing  else.  It  is  a  surprising  fact,  however, 
that  the  letter  has  been  taken  quite  seriously  by 
later  writers.  In  a  volume  entitled  "  Chicago,  Past 
and  Present,"  by  S.  R.  Winehell,  published  in  1906 
(four  years  after  the  appearance  of  Gale's  book), 
there  is  quoted  the  La  Salle  letter  together  with 
Gale's  comments,  as  if  with  the  author's  approval 
of  its  authenticity.  Likewise  in  the  "  City  Manual 
of  1914,"  issued  by  the  Chicago  Bureau  of  Statis- 
tics, the  letter  is  quoted  on  the  reverse  of  the  title- 
page,  occupying  the  page  by  itself,  apparently  with 
the  approval  of  the  compiler. 

It  is  interesting  to  observe,  however,  that  at  least 
one  writer  was  not  deceived  by  the  letter  thus 
appearing  for  the  first  time  in  Gale's  book.  Mr. 
John  F.  Steward,  in  his  work  entitled  "  Lost  Mara- 
mech  and  Earliest  Chicago,"  published  in  1903, 
notices  the  publication  of  the  letter,  and  remarks: 
"  I  do  not  find  anything  like  this  in  any  of  the 
writings  of  La  Salle,  and  I  believe  that  I  have  a 
copy  of  every  scratch  of  La  Salle's  pen  that  did 
not  perish  with  him."  Other  writers,  however, 
have  regarded  the  letter  as  a  joke,  which  it  undoubt- 
edly is  and  was  intended  to  be,  and  have  made  no 
references  to  it  whatever. 

One  would  have  supposed  that  the  general  con- 
tents and  style  of  the  letter  would  have  furnished 
sufficient  evidence  of  its  spurious  character.  The 
description  of  the  region,  for  example,  where  the 
"  course  that  formerly  the  waters  of  these  great 
lakes  took  as  they  flowed  southward  to  the  Missis- 
sippi river/'  is  mentioned,  could  only  have  been 


based  on  knowledge  that  neither  La  Salle  nor  any 
of  his  contemporaries  possessed,  for  such  knowl- 
edge has  been  arrived  at  only  by  means  of  investi- 
gations into  glacial  action  by  scientific  men  within 
the  last  two  generations.  In  regard  to  the  sounding 
phrase  that  "  this  will  be  the  gate  of  empire,  this 
the  seat  of  commerce,"  it  is  impossible  to  believe 
that  La  Salle  ever  used  the  language  quoted,  as  it 
is  foreign  to  his!  own  style  and  that  of  other  writers 
of  the  time. 

Ingenious  derivations  of  place  names  have  been 
a  favorite  sort  of  humor  in  times  past,!  mostly  con- 
fined to  newspaper  paragraphs;  and  persons  hav- 
ing a  taste  for  fantastic  notions  of  the  kind,  often 
said  by  their  inventors  to  be  derived  from  tales  of 
trappers  or  Indians,  find  immense  enjoyment  in 
their  repetition.  But  this  is  probably  the  first 
instance  where  it  has  become  necessary  to  enter  a 
solemn  refutation  of  nonsense  of  this  character. 
However,  if  jokes  must  be  labelled,  let  it  be  done  in 
this  case ;  or,  better  still,  let  such  trifling  be  excluded 
from  text-books  and  manuals  having  a  serious  pur- 
pose in  view.  j.  SEYMOUR  CUERBT. 

Evanston,  III.,  May  4, 1915. 


THE  FALLACIES  OF  "  PEACE  INSUEANCE." 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

Permit  me  to  call  your  attention  to  some  errors 
in  your  review  of  my  book,  "  Peace  Insurance,"  in 
your  issue  of  April  15. 

You  state  that  my  volume  "  offers  no  explanation 
as  to  why  Europe,  which  has  long  carried  very 
heavy  insurance  of  this  sort  [armament],  has  now 
so  destructive  a  war  upon  its  hands."  While  it  is 
true  that  I  did  not  attempt  to  cover  the  intricate 
and  controversial  causes  of  the  war,  I  did  explain 
the  causes  in  general  in  some  detail.  Permit  me  to 
invite  your  attention  to  pages  4  and  5,  and  to  quote 
therefrom,  in  part : 

"  It  is  thus  that  military  force,  insuring  against 
defeat  in  war,  insures  against  any  war  at  all.  .  .  . 
We  insure  against  loss  by  fire,  theft,  burglary,  etc. 
...  In  addition  we  attempt  to  prevent  loss  by  fire 
departments,  police  departments,  etc.  These  forces,  it 
is  needless  to  say,  do  not  prevent  fires,  nor  crimes,  but 
they  lessen  their  frequency  and  afford  the  BEST 
MEANS  OF  PROTECTION  YET  KNOWN.  Mili- 
tary force  bears  the  same  relation  to  conflicts  between 
nations." 

The  above  is  but  a  summary.  In  the  book  it  is 
substantiated  at  some  length.  Your  statement  that 
I  offer  no  explanation  is,  therefore,  incorrect. 

It  is  also  stated  in  your  review  that  the  fact 
"  that  the  victorious  Confederate  army  at  Bull  Run 
also  consisted  of  volunteers  seems  to  have  escaped 
the  writer's  notice,"  —  this  being  a  result  of  my 
claim  that  with  an  army  of  trained  troops,  instead 
of  a  mob  of  civilians,  the  North  would  have  gained 
a  decisive  victory  and  probably  ended  the  war. 
I  hope  that  you  do  not  always  reason  so  lightly. 
It  may  be  remarked  that  when  armies  meet  in  bat- 
tle, even  with  both  sides  untrained,  it  is  not  infre- 
quent for  one  side  or  the  other  to  be  victorious. 
However,  when  a  trained  army  meets  an  untrained 
army  of  equal  size,  it  is  seldom  that  the  untrained 
one  wins.  It  was  this  fact  which  did  come  to  my 
notice,  and  which  caused  me  to  say  that  a  trained 
army  on  the  side  of  the  North  would  have  changed 


372 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  13 


the  result  and  ended  the  war.  Had  the  South  a 
trained  army  I  could  not  have  made  such  a  state- 
ment. Furthermore,  on  page  153  of  my  book  you 
will  find  actual  comment  on  the  condition  of  the 
Confederate  force.  Hence  your  statement  in  this 
respect  is  also  incorrect. 

Your  closing  sentences  state  that  the  anti-mili- 
tarist sees  things  as  they  ought  to  be  and  can  be, 
while  the  militarist  sees  things  as  they  were  in  the 
past  alone.  However,  in  "  Peace  Insurance," 
while  a  very  proper  advantage  is  taken  of  the 
lessons  of  the  past,  two  complete  chapters  are 
taken  up  with  a  study  of  the  present  and  the 
future, —  namely,  the  chapters  on  "  The  Likeli- 
hood of  War  To-day"  and  "Will  War  Ever  Be 
Abolished  ?  "  The  fact  is  that  my  book  does  con- 
sider things  as  they  are,  and  as  they  probably  will 
be  according  to  all  natural  laws ;  while  the  pacifists 
confuse  these  facts  with  theory  and  things  as  they 
ought  to  be,  but  in  our  time  cannot  be. 

Of  course,  in  my  attempt  to  present  the  case  for 
the  so-called  military  party,  I  have  failed  to  do  it 
justice  in  many  respects.  In  that  respect  the  book 
is  weak,  and  it  contains  the  errors  common  to  all 
such  publications.  Nevertheless,  I  have  been  grati- 
fied to  note  that  in  their  adverse  criticism,  the 
pacifists,  among  whom  your  reviewer  must  be  num- 
bered, are  apparently  compelled  to  evade  the  mat- 
ters considered,  to  misstate  matters,  or  to  select 
trivial  errors  which  reflect  only  on  the  author  and 
in  no  way  on  the  correctness  of  his  thesis. 

Your  attention  is  invited  especially  to  pages  157 
and  158  of  my  book.    It  is  to  be  hoped  that  you 
will  be  fair  enough  to  correct  your  misstatements. 
RICHARD  STOCKTON,  JR., 
Captain,  2d  N.  J.  Infantry. 
Bordentown  Military  Institute, 

Bordentown,  N.  J.,  May  3, 1915. 

[While  we  are  glad  to  give  space  to  the 
above,  we  do  not  consider  that  it  impugns  the 
validity  of  our  reviewer's  statements  at  any 
point.  The  quoted  paragraph  can  scarcely  be 
regarded  as  a  satisfactory  explanation  of  the 
break-down  of  the  author's  theory  in  the  case 
of  the  present  war.  Nor  is  the  analogy  with 
insurance  against  fire,  theft,  etc.,  an  accurate 
one.  The  function  of  our  police  departments 
is  to  detect  and  suppress  crime ;  the  function 
of  our  fire  departments  is  to  extinguish  con- 
flagrations. The  function  of  an  armed  mili- 
tary force  is  to  fight,  and  throughout  the 
history  of  the  world  those  countries  with  the 
largest  armed  forces  have  always  been  the 
aggressors  in  warfare.  In  the  case  of  the 
Civil  War,  the  author  imagines  that  the  pos- 
session of  "  an  army  of  trained  troops  "  by  the 
North  would  have  resulted  in  a  victory  at  Bull 
Run  and  thus  ended  the  war.  But  why  did 
the  Southern  victory  not  end  the  war?  And 
with  an  army  of  trained  troops  at  her  com- 
mand, would  the  South  have  been  any  the  less 
reluctant  to  secede  from  the  Union  and  thus 
provoke  war  ?  Our  reviewer  does  not  say  that 
"  the  militarist  sees  things  as  they  were  in  the 


past  alone."  He  says  that  "the  militarist 
finds  his  warrant  in  what  has  been  "  rather 
than  in  what  ought  to  be.  The  difference 
between  militarist  and  anti-militarist  is  simi- 
lar to  the  difference  between  the  bourbon 
slaveholder  of  ante  bellum  days  and  the  aboli- 
tionist. To  the  former,  slavery  was  an  estab- 
lished institution,  based  on  "  natural  laws," 
which  had  always  existed  and  so  always  must 
exist :  to  the  latter  it  was  a  menace  to  civiliza- 
tion that  must  be  wiped  out  at  any  cost. — 
EDITOR.] 

AN  ANCIENT  JOURNALISTIC  JEST. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

It  has  long  been  the  fashion  of  the  Eastern  press 
to  make  the  word  Chicago  synonymous  with  pork, 
wheat,  and  wind,  and  to  refuse  to  admit  the  possi- 
bility of  culture.  I  have  sometimes  wondered  how 
far  this  convention  is  due  to  the  Chicago  daily 
newspapers  themselves. 

Recently  a  serious  association  of  writers,  the 
Society  of  Midland  Authors,  completed  its  organi- 
zation in  this  city.  Its  founders  were  Messrs. 
Hamlin  Garland,  H.  C.  Chatfield-Taylor,  William 
Allen  White,  Emerson  Hough,  and  others  equally 
prominent,  and  its  roll  contains  the  names  of  nearly 
all  the  well-known  writers  in  the  Middle  West.  The 
morning  after  the  meeting  one  of  our  leading  dailies 
gave  the  new  society  a  column  with  the  heading, 
"Thrill  Spillers  Feast  and  Play:  Stuff  Selling 
Well."  The  article  began  with  the  ancient  jest 
reclothed  in  the  following  form :  "  Chicago,  the 
city  of  wheat  corners  and  meat  trusts,  witnessed 
another  naughty  combine  when  twenty-six  authors 
wiggled  their  fingers  at  the  Sherman  anti-trust  law 
and  corraled  all  of  the  divine  afflatus,"  etc. 

Probably  an  article  written  in  just  this  vein  could 
not  have  appeared  in  a  reputable  newspaper  of  any 
other  American  city  large  enough  to  form  the  head- 
•quarters  of  such  an  organization.  It  is  not  an 
isolated  case,  but  has  been  repeated  in  one  form  or 
another  in  the  news  columns  of  nearly  all  of  the 
Chicago  dailies  when  the  subject  of  authorship  is 
approached.  I  do  not  refer  to  the  review  columns ; 
they  are  for  the  most  part  admirably  managed,  and 
are,  on  the  whole,  the  equal  of  any  in  the  country. 

It  is  not  to  be  supposed  that  the  authors  them- 
selves take  these  good-natured  slaps  with  great 
seriousness.  They  may  smile  rather  wearily  at  the 
antiquity  of  the  jest,  and  let  it  pass.  But  the  news- 
papers that  assume  this  attitude  toward  literature 
are  giving  color  to  the  laugh  that  has  always  been 
raised  in  the  East  against  Chicago  culture.  If  the 
Chicago  dailies  are  to  be  regarded  as  the  makers 
of  public  opinion,  they  should  take  different  ground 
than  this ;  if  they  are  to  be  considered  as  the  reflex 
of  public  opinion,  they  should  have  some  regard  for 
the  increasingly  large  number  of  citizens  who  wish 
to  see  Chicago  freed  from  its  ancient  stigma. 

There  are  some  who  hope  that  the  time  is  coming 
when  the  men  and  women  who  write  books  will  not 
be  regarded  by  our  city  press  as  a  subject  only  for 
merriment,  WALTER  TAYLOR  FIELD. 

Chicago,  April  28, 1915. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


373 


A  VETERAN  DRAMATIC  CRITIC  ox  FAMOUS 

SHAKESPEAREAN  ACTORS.* 


To  praise  in  formal  terms  at  this  late  date 
a  work  of  Shakespearean  scholarship  and  crit- 
ical taste  and  judgment  concerning  which  our 
pre-eminent  Shakespeare  editor  and  scholar, 
the  late  Dr.  Furness,  wrote  (in  commending 
its  initial  volume),  "Never  before  has  there 
been,  within  the  same  compass,  so  much  truth 
and  wisdom  uttered  concerning  the  acting  and 
interpretation  of  Shakespeare,"  would  savor 
strongly  of  superfluity  if  not  of  absurdity. 
Some  indication  of  the  contents  and  main 
features  of  the  second  series  of  Mr.  William 
Winter's  "  Shakespeare  on  the  Stage "  will 
sufficiently  introduce  the  book  to  those  inter- 
ested in  this  rich  garnering  of  more  than  half 
a  century's  criticism  and  reflection  in  the  field 
of  Shakespearean  stage  presentation  in  En- 
gland and  America. 

As  in  the  opening  volume,  so  in  this,  six  plays 
are  considered ;  namely,  "  Twelfth  Night," 
"Romeo  and  Juliet,"  "As  You  Like  It," 
"King  Lear,"  "The  Taming  of  the  Shrew," 
and  "Julius  Caesar."  A  brief  history  of  the 
play,  including  some  account  of  its  early 
presentation,  is  first  given,  in  each  instance, 
and  is  followed  by  descriptions  of  subsequent 
memorable  performances,  these  descriptions 
becoming  more  and  more  vivid  and  entertain- 
ing as  the  times  are  reached  wherein  the 
writer  was  old  enough  to  have  personal  knowl- 
edge of  that  whereof  he  writes.  Appraisements 
and  comparisons  of  leading  Sha.kespeare  im- 
personators fill  much  of  the  space,  and  the 
numerous  portraits  of  these  actors  and  ac- 
tresses in  stage  costume  heighten  the  effect  of 
the  author's  descriptions.  Cold  must  be  the 
temperament  of  him  who  refuses  to  kindle 
with  some  reminiscent  ardor  over  these  recol- 
lections of  the  Shakespearean  triumphs  of 
Edwin  Booth  and  John  McCullough  and 
Henry  Irving,  of  Adelaide  Neilson  and  Mary 
Anderson  and  Ada  Rehan,  with  many  others, 
some  of  whom  will  have  entered  into  the  play- 
going  experience  of  the  great  majority  of 
those  who  turn  Mr.  Winter's  pages.  His  warm 
but  always  intelligent  appreciation  of  good 
acting  shows  itself  repeatedly,  as  for  instance 
in  his  glowing  accounts  of  that  masterpiece  of 
histrionic  art,  Adelaide  Neilson's  impersona- 
tion of  Juliet.  Here  as  elsewhere  he  lays 
emphasis  on  the  importance  of  a  well-con- 
ceived artistic  purpose,  of  a  certain  detach- 
ment that  forbids  the  player  to  lose  himself  in 

*  SHAKESPEARE  ON  THE  STAGE.     Second  Series.     By  William 
Winter.    Illustrated.    New  York :  Moffat,  Yard  &  Co. 


his  part,  however  passionate  may  be  the  emo- 
tions he  is  called  upon  to  portray.  In  Miss 
Neilson's  acting,  he  says,  "  the  mind,  invaria- 
bly and  rightly,  controlled  the  feelings."  And 
further,  with  a  grace  of  diction  and  a  critical 
penetration  that  will  not  be  lost  upon  the 
appreciative  reader,  he  continues : 

"  Miss  Neilson's  Juliet  was  a  being  all  truth, 
innocence,  ardor,  and  loveliness,  in  whose  aspect, 
nevertheless,  there  was  something  ominously  sug- 
gestive of  predestination  to  misery,  herself  mean- 
while being  pathetically  unconscious  of  her  doom. 
It  was  not  so  much  what  the  actress  said  and  did 
as  what  she  was  that  permeated  her  performance 
of  Juliet  with  this  strange,  touching  quality,  which 
saddened  even  while  it  enthralled;  it  was  the  per- 
sonality of  the  woman,  not  only  captivating  the 
senses  but  powerfully  affecting  the  imagination. 
All  that  she  said  and  did,  however,  had  been  care- 
fully considered.  Nothing  had  been  left  to  chance. 
She  knew  what  she  intended  to  do,  and  she  knew 
how  to  do  it  —  for  which  reason  the  personation 
was  distinct,  rounded,  cumulative  in  effect,  and 
free  equally  from  tameness  and  extravagance.  She 
had,  as  all  actors  of  genius  have,  moments  of  sud- 
den insight  and  electrical  impulse,  in  which  fine 
things  are  unpremeditatedly  done,  but  she  was, 
intrinsically,  an  artist,  and  over  all  that  she  said 
and  did  and  seemed  to  be  there  was  a  dominance 
of  artistic  purpose  which,  without  sacrifice  of  the 
glamour  of  poetry,  made  the  poetic  ideal  an  actual, 
natural  human  being." 

There  is  more  that  one  is  tempted  to  quote, 
exquisite  in  delicate  appreciation  and  vivid  in 
apt  selection  of  epithet  and  phrase;  but  the 
reader's  full  enjoyment  of  the  book  itself  must 
not  be  unduly  forestalled.  Instead,  and  as  an 
amusing  illustration  of  Mr.  Winter's  other 
manner,  of  his  command  of  sarcasm  and  his 
ability  to  voice  in  no  uncertain  tones  his  un- 
flattering opinion  of  an  inferior  and  preten- 
tious performance,  let  us  insert  a  few  of  his 
remarks  on  a  quite  different  interpretation  of 
the  same  favorite  Shakespeare  character: 

"...  The  tragedy  was  produced,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  '  starring '  Miss  Mather,  by  Mr.  James  M. 
Hill,  of  Chicago,  since  deceased,  a  genial  specula- 
tor in  popular  '  amusements/  who  believed,  with 
Bottom,  that  Tragedy  should  not  be  permitted  to 
fright  the  ladies.  'A  lion  among  ladies,'  says  the 
immortal  weaver,  'is  a  most  dreadful  thing.'  In 
Mr.  Hill's  production,  accordingly,  the  play, — 
arranged  in  six  acts,  sixteen  scenes,  and  nine 
tableaux, —  was  considerately  invested  with  the 
accessories  of  decorum  and  soothing  domesticity. 
In  the  scene  of  the  secret  marriage  of  Romeo  and 
Juliet  two  monks,  moved,  apparently,  by  springs, 
suddenly  came  out  of  the  wall  of  Friar  Lawrence's 
Cell  and  placed  hassocks  for  the  bride  and  groom 
to  kneel  on,  while  the  service  was  in  progress. 
Juliet's  Bed-room, —  the  time  of  her  nuptials  being 
the  middle  of  July,  in  a  hot  country, — was  thought- 
fully provided  with  a  large  fire  of  brightly  blazing 
logs.  On  the  morning  appointed  for  her  wedding 


374 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  13 


a  numerous  company  of  young  women  entered  her 
chamber,  to  awaken  her  with  cheerful  song,  but, 
finding  her  dead,  those  accommodating  vocalists 
placidly  ranged  themselves  about  the  apartment  and 
sang  an  appropriate  and  moving  dirge.  Juliet's 
Tomb,  a  huge,  gilded  structure,  shaped  like  a  glove- 
box  interiorly  illuminated,  was  exteriorly  flooded 
with  '  moonlight,'  shed  from  a  glaring  '  lime.'  And 
at  the  last,  as  a  decent,  orderly,  becoming  close  to 
the  spectacle  of  affliction,  many  friars  thronged 
into  the  graveyard  and  sang  the  '  Miserere,'  — 
seeming  to  imply  that  Borneo,  when  on  his  way  to 
the  Tomb,  had  heedfully  paused  at  the  Abbey  and 
bespoken  ecclesiastical  participation  in  the  forth- 
coming obsequies.  To  enhance  the  effect  of  these 
imposing  novelties  Mr.  Hill  furnished  highly- 
colored  scenery  that  shone  like  a  brass  coal-scuttle. 
As  I  viewed  the  spectacle  I  thought  of  an  old  play 
in  which  the  comedian  Burton  was  exceedingly 
droll,  acting  an  ignorant  parvenu,  who,  being  asked 
whether,  in  the  furnishing  of  his  library,  he  wanted 
to  have  f  all  the  old  authors,'  exclaims,  '  No,  not  a 
damn'  one  of  'em!  All  new!'" 

In  his  chapter  on  "  King  Lear,"  the  longest 
and  perhaps  the  most  noteworthy  in  the  book, 
the  author  makes  clear,  incidentally,  what  his 
doctrine  as  elsewhere  stated  might  seem  to 
contradict,  that  art  is  not  all-powerful  on  the 
stage,  that  even  a  great  actor's  intelligent  con- 
ception of  his  part  may  be  neutralized  more 
or  less  by  peculiarities  or  defects  of  tempera- 
ment. Concerning  Edwin  Forrest's  acting  of 
Lear,  which  the  author  witnessed  many  times, 
he  has  considerable  to  say,  of  which  a  part  is 
here  given. 

"  Forrest  was  never  indefinite.  In  all  his  acting 
clarity  of  design  was  conspicuous,  and  strength  of 
person  went  hand  in  hand  with  strength  of  pur- 
pose. He  knew  his  intention  and  he  possessed 
absolute  control  of  the  means  needful  for  its  ful- 
filment. He  was  never  weakened  by  self -distrust. 
He  never  wavered.  Adamantine  authority,  inflexi- 
ble repose,  explicit  intent,  directness  of  execution, 
and  physical  magnetism  were  his  principal  imple- 
ments, and  he  used  them  freely  and  finely.  His 
figure  was  commanding,  his  voice  copious  and  reso- 
nant. He  was  a  man  of  prodigious  individuality, 
an  egotist  of  the  most  positive  type.  The  beauties 
of  his  acting  were  much  upon  the  surface;  the 
defects  of  it  were  largely  those  of  his  character. 
In  the  vigorous  maturity  of  his  professional  life 
his  King  Lear  was  little  more  than  an  exhibition 
of  himself;  an  exceedingly  strong  and  resolute 
man,  assuming,  not  very  convincingly,  the  appear- 
ance of  being  old,  and  imitating,  cleverly  but  not 
pathetically,  the  condition  of  madness.  In  his  later 
years  he  had  become  much  changed.  Thought, 
study,  observation,  experience,  and  the  silent  dis- 
cipline of  time,  had,  in  a  measure,  chastened  his 
egotistical  spirit  and  refined  his  art.  Misfortune, 
sickness,  and  suffering  had  done  their  work  on  him, 
as  they  do  on  others.  The  last  time  I  saw  him  as 
King  Lear  he  played  the  part  as  it  should  be 
played,  and  was  like  the  breaking  and  then  broken 
old  man  that  King  Lear  is." 


The  natural  tendency  of  a  dramatic  critic 
of  Mr.  Winter's  age  and  experience  to  favor 
the  old  methods  and  distrust  the  new,  appears 
by  implication  here  and  there,  and  explicitly 
in  more  or  less  positive  utterances  scattered 
through  the  book,  notably  in  certain  passages 
of  his  preface  like  the  following : 

"  No  account  has  been  attempted  of  the  methods 
employed  by  such  eccentric  pretenders  to  origi- 
nality as  Herr  Max  Reinhardt,  Mr.  Granville 
Barker,  and  Mr.  Gordon  Craig.  Judgment  as  to 
their  productions  necessarily  waits  until  they  have 
been  seen  and  studied.  Their  methods, —  if  I  can 
trust  what  I  have  read  and  heard  about  them, — 
are,  variously,  degenerate,  contemptible,  and  silly, 
—  in  fact,  an  abomination." 

Mr.  Ben  Greet's  attempt  to  give  us  Shake- 
speare somewhat  in  the  Elizabethan  manner 
fails  to  win  the  author's  applause.  In  his 
opening  chapter  he  takes  occasion  to  say : 

"  Mr.  Greet  is  aware,  and  he  has  so  signified  in 
print,  that  the  old  mode  of  producing  Shake- 
speare's plays  '  can  only  be  reflected  to  a  limited 
extent/  —  in  which  case  the  reflection  is,  practi- 
cally, barren  of  '  educational '  value.  This  mana- 
ger's actual  purpose,  as  distinguished  from  his 
pretended  one,  is  commercial,  and  as  such  a  purpose 
is  honest  it  should  not  be  associated  with  a  sophis- 
tical and  fatuous  pretence,  which  smacks  of  hum- 
bug. To  produce  plays  as,  probably  or  certainly, 
they  were  produced  three  hundred  years  ago,  before 
Science  had  made  discoveries  and  Ingenuity  had 
contrived  inventions  which  Taste  has  employed  to 
revolutionize  all  the  old  processes  of  industry  and 
art,  is  only  to  do  badly  that  which  can  be  done 
well ;  and  to  do  this  under  the  pretence  of  serving 
the  cause  of  '  education  '  is  to  be  disingenuous." 
But  may  not  half  a  loaf  be  better  than  no 
bread?  Even  a  partial  return  from  the  dis- 
tracting elaboration  of  the  modern  Shake- 
spearean performance  to  something  like  the 
austere  simplicity  of  Shakespeare's  own  time 
may  have  real  value,  even  "educational" 
value,  in  spite  of  Mr.  Winter's  serious  doubts. 

Four  more  volumes,  the  author  announces, 
remain  to  be  written  in  this  series,  so  that  it  is 
not  yet  the  time  to  point  out  any  conspicuous 
omissions,  any  over-emphasis  upon  the  old- 
time  stars  at  the  expense  of  their  modern  suc- 
cessors in  the  Shakespearean  firmament.  An 
occasional  foreglimpse  of  what  is  to  be  ex- 
pected in  those  volumes  is  given  in  the  present 
one,  and  the  sustained  interest  of  the  completed 
work  may  be  taken  for  granted.  Announce- 
ment of  half  a  dozen  other  prospective  works, 
largely  devoted  to  actors  and  acting,  promises 
still  further  delights  to  Mr.  Winter's  readers. 
May  they  reach  completion  and  fall  nothing 
short  of  this  volume  in  engaging  quality, 
refining  influence,  and  intellectual  stimulus! 
PERCY  F.  BICKNELL. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


375 


A  CRITIC'S  CREDO.* 

For  all  who  have  read  Mr.  "W.  C.  Brownell's 
few  severely  and  serenely  weighed  volumes  of 
criticism,  and  have  come  to  know  him  as  one 
of  America's  leading  critics,  an  arbiter  who 
may  well  challenge  comparison  with  his  best 
contemporaries  in  England,  it  is  a  pleasure  to 
turn  to  the  recent  slender  volume  in  which  he 
formulates  his  critical  credo.  One  finds  noth- 
ing disappointing  in  these  pages,  with  their 
characteristic  tough-sinewed  style,  perhaps  a 
little  more  gnarled  than  usual  but  bright  with 
carefully  distilled  epigrams,  cunning  with 
logic,  full  of  learned  words  sometimes  almost 
queerly  Johnsonian,  but  striding  quite  natu- 
rally in  buskins.  "  Criticism  itself  is  much 
criticized,"  says  Mr.  Brownell,  "which  logi- 
cally establishes  its  title."  He  answers  those 
who  say  that  "  only  artists  should  write  about 
art "  by  observing  that  the  artist  has,  in  gen- 
eral, a  point  of  view  which  is  either  merely 
"personal  and  not  professional"  or  conven- 
tional ;  in  either  case  it  is  not  likely  to  receive 
well  the  innovations  or  reactions  of  another 
artist. 

In  considering  the  field  and  function  "of 
criticism,  Mr.  Brownell  first  classifies  "all 
artistic  accomplishment "  into  the  "  moral  and 
material."  The  critic  needs  a  less  elaborate 
knowledge  of  the  material  (technique)  than 
the  practitioner.  Indeed,  such  knowledge  in 
excess  would  tempt  the  critic  "to  exploit  it 
rather  than  subordinate  it,"  and  thus  lose  the 
perfect  poise  upon  which  Arnold  insisted. 
Hence  the  impatience  of  the  artist,  who  often 
seeks  in  criticism  "what  it  is  the  province  of 
the  studio  to  provide."  Thus  also  it  comes 
about  that  "  artistic  innovation  meets  nowhere 
with  such  illiberal  hostility  as  it  encounters  in 
its  own  hierarchy,  and  less  on  temperamental 
than  on  technical  grounds."  "The  proper 
judge  of  the  tiller,"  moreover,  "  is  not  the  car- 
penter but  the  helmsman."  The  material  data 
are  far  less  significant  for  the  critic  than  the 
moral.  No  artist  can  achieve  greatly  without 
the  moral  attributes.  But  the  artist-critic 
generally  neglects  these  to  gossip  about  mere 
craftsmanship,  while  the  true  critic  signalizes 
these  life-giving  qualities.  "  The  true  objects 
of  his  contemplation  are  the  multifarious  ele- 
ments of  truth,  beauty,  goodness,  and  their 
approximations  and  antipodes,  underlying  the 
various  phenomena  which  express  them, 
rather  than  the  laws  and  rules  peculiar  to 
each  form  of  phenomenal  expression;  which, 
beyond  acquiring  the  familiarity  needful  for 
adequate  appreciation,  he  may  leave  to  the 
professional  didacticism  of  each." 


*  CRITICISM.      By    W.    C.    Brownell. 
Scribner's  Sons. 


New    York:    Charles 


Let  the  critic  remember  that  "  no  one  knows 
his  subject  who  knows  his  subject  alone  "  and 
provide  himself  with  a  rich  equipment.  Since 
literature  is  a  criticism  of  life,  he  must  know 
life  intimately,  and  he  must  have  a  philosophy 
of  life  in  order  that  his  "  individuality  "  may 
"  achieve  outline."  To  Mr.  Brownell,  history 
seems  to  take  first  rank  among  the  general 
departments  of  knowledge  necessary  for  the 
critic's  broader  equipment.  ^Esthetics,  too, 
are  very  valuable,  though  their  field  is  deemed 
more  restricted  than  that  of  history.  Let  the 
literary  critic  know  art,  and  the  critic  of  art 
know  letters.  Cultivate  divine  philosophy, — 
but  sparingly ;  "its  peculiar  peril  is  pedantry." 
As  examples  of  critics  who  have  profited  by 
this  "cognate  calling,"  Mr.  Brownell  names 
Sainte-Beuve,  Taine,  and  Scherer,  and  dis- 
cusses them  (as  indeed  he  comes  later  to 
discuss  others)  with  deep  penetration. 

"  I  know  nothing  of  art,"  says  the  Philistine, 
"  but  I  know  what  I  like."  For  retort,  let  us 
recall  Mr.  Vedder's  words :  "  So  do  the  beasts 
of  the  field."  Criticism  must  have  a  criterion. 
Impressionism  may  "be  strictly  defined  as 
appetite":  and  though  in  its  great  practi- 
tioners it  "has  certainly  nothing  gross  about 
it,"  it  is  limited  by  its  habit  of  giving  deci- 
sions without  reasons  and  so  cannot  validate 
"its  decisions  for  the  acceptance  of  others." 
Impressionism  rises,  to  be  sure,  from  a  fine 
sense  of  tolerance.  But  since  there  is  no  uni- 
versal taste,  a  critic  "to  be  convincing  must 
appeal  to  some  accepted  standard.  And  the 
aim  of  criticism  is  conviction."  Yet  one  must 
beware  of  reacting  against  impressionism  in 
the  manner  of  Brunetiere.  His  destructive 
work  was  good.  But  constructively  he  could 
place  against  mere  personal  preference  a  cri- 
terion no  better  than  "the  classic  canon"  of 
the  art  of  the  seventeenth  century,  an  art 
august,  but  forever  departed.  "  Though  he 
became  a  distinguished  scholar,  Brunetiere 
retained  the  temperament  of  schoolmaster" 
(a  defect  which  —  may  the  reviewer  interject 
it  ?  —  is  equally  fatal  to  a  critic  and  a  school- 
master). Let  the  true  arbiter  be  humbler, 
and  learn  from  impressionism  at  least  this  — 
that  even  Euclidian  proof  demands  postulates, 
that  critical  dogmas  "rest  finally  upon  in- 
stinct," and  that  "faith  underlies  reason." 
Moreover,  the  postulates  of  criticism  are,  un- 
like those  of  mathematics,  "  taken  for  granted 
rather  than  self-evident."  and  are  often  mere 
specious  conventions  "that  depend  on  the 
sanction  of  universal  agreement."  Hence 
come  the  imperious  but  transitory  conventions 
of  romanticism,  realism,  symbolism,  and  so 
forth,  setting  fashions  importunately  only  to 
stand  out  at  last  as  but  vaguely  and  imper- 


376 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  13 


f  ectly  related  to  eternal  principles.  The  really 
eternal  postulates  have  varied  little  since  the 
days  of  Aristotle.  Let  us  then  call  upon  the 
impressionist,  who  advances  a  new  intuition, 
"  to  tell  us  why  "  —  since  intuition  does  not  go 
far  without  reason.  We  should  ask :  "Is  your 
feeling  the  result  of  direct  intuitive  percep- 
tion, or  of  unconscious  subscription  to  conven- 
tion "  which  the  reason  may  winnow  away  as 
quasi-intuition,  chaff,  prejudice  ?  Impression- 
ism unsupported  by  intuition  may  well  im- 
peach the  reason,  but  let  it  remember  that  the 
reason  is  not  to  be  dethroned.  The  critic  must 
judge,  not  merely  "  testify  and  record."  With 
the  bright  instrument  of  the  reason  he  is  no 
longer  the  old-fashioned  judge,  "  the  slave  of 
schools,"  or  the  irresponsible  impressionist, 
"the  sponsor  of  whim."  Reason  alone  can 
deal  fairly  with  our  great  contemporary  prob- 
lem of  "  realism,"  and  show  when  "  realism  " 
becomes  unreal,  or  where  the  opponent  of 
realism  confuses  "  the  ideal  with  the  fantas- 
tic." Finally,  the  rational  criterion  will  serve 
better  than  all  others  to  determine  "  the  rela- 
tion of  art  and  letters  to  the  life  that  is  their 
substance  and  their  subject  as  well." 

And  a  rational  criterion  implies  a  construc- 
tive method.  In  itself,  analysis  reaches  no 
conclusion,  which  is  the  end  and  aim  of  rea- 
son. Here  Sainte-Beuve  often  fell  short.  We 
must,  as  critics,  have  a  thesis  quite  as  much  as 
do  those  works  of  art  which  we  criticize.  Yet 
the  constructive  method  tempts  readily  to  ex- 
cess, a  central  conception  often  leads  to  the 
"partisanship  of  Carlyle,  the  inelasticity  of 
Taine,  the  prescriptive  formulary  of  Brune- 
tiere.  The  spirit  of  system  stifles  freedom  of 
perception  and  distorts  detail."  As  we  ap- 
proach such  criticism,  either  as  readers  or  as 
practitioners,  we  must  guard  against  untrust- 
worthiness,  yet  keep  our  minds  open  to  the 
values  of  its  artistry,  its  insight,  its  genuine 
instructiveness.  The  now  popular  historical 
method  reveals  most  markedly  the  excess  of 
the  constructive  method.  Taine,  for  instance, 
was  not  a  critic  but  a  philosophical  historian. 
But  if  he  blurs  individual  traits  he  certainly 
illumines  general  perspectives.  The  rest  may 
be  left  to  pure  criticism ;  for  though  the  his- 
torical method  has  rendered  great  constructive 
services,  it  tends  to  impose  theory  on  the  lit- 
erature and  aesthetic  facts  rather  than  to  reveal 
their  essential  character.  Taine  spent  too 
much  time  on  causes,  too  little  on  characteris- 
tics; he  was  content  writh  explanation,  and 
unfortunately  chose  not  to  pass  on  to  estima- 
tion. The  true  critic  remembers  that  "  theory 
means  preconception," — preconception  which, 
"based  as  it  perforce  is  upon  some  former 
crystallization  of  the  diverse  and  undulating 


elements  of  artistic  expression,  is  logically 
inapplicable  at  any  given  time  —  except  as  it 
draws  its  authority  from  examples  of  perma- 
nent value  and  enduring  appeal,  in  which  case 
no  one  would  think  of  calling  it  preconcep- 
tion at  all."  This  does  not  mean  that  criticism 
must  become  ancillar3%  concerned  merely  with 
collecting  data  for  the  synthesist.  Sainte- 
Beuve's  achievement  is  larger  than  Taine's  — 
and  "  Sainte-Beuve's  work  is  itself  markedly 
synthetic "  in  its  special  way,  although  it 
dwells  on  material  examples  and  concrete 
ideas  rather  than  on  systems  and  theories. 
Such  criticism  may  find  unity  through  a 
proper  consideration  of  the  author  under 
judgment.  "  For  personality  is  the  most 
concrete  and  consistent  entity  imaginable, 
mysteriously  unifying  the  most  varied  and 
complicated  attributes." 

"  For  beyond  denial  criticism  is  itself  an  art ; 
and,  as  many  of  its  most  successful  products  have 
been  entitled  '  portraits,'  sustains  a  closer  analogy 
at  its  best  with  plastic  portraiture  than  with  such 
pursuits  as  history  and  philosophy,  which  seek  sys- 
tem through  science.  One  of  Sainte-Beuve's  stud- 
ies is  as  definitely  a  portrait  as  one  of  Holbein's; 
and  on  the  other  hand  a  portrait  by  Sargent,  for 
example,  is  only  more  obviously  and  not  more 
really,  a  critical  product  than  are  the  famous  '  por- 
traits '  that  have  interpreted  to  us  the  generations 
of  the  great." 

But  the  critic,  if  wise,  will  "confine  himself 
to  portraiture  and  eschew  the  panorama." 
"  His  direct  aim  is  truth  even  in  dealing  with 
beauty,  forgetting  which  his  criticism  is  menaced 
with  transmutation  into  the  kind  of  poetry  that  one 
'  drops  into '  rather  than  attains.  .  .  .  The  end  of 
our  effort  is  a  true  estimate  of  the  data  encountered 
in  the  search  for  that  beauty  which  from  Plato  to 
Keats  has  been  virtually  identified  with  truth,  and 
the  highest  service  of  criticism  is  to  secure  that  the 
true  and  the  beautiful,  and  not  the  ugly  and  the 
false,  may  in  wider  and  wider  circles  of  apprecia- 
tion be  esteemed  to  be  the  good." 

Many  of  Mr.  Brownell's  dicta  —  for  exam- 
ple, that  "  faith  underlies  reason "  and  that 
"theory  means  preconception,"  —  tempt  his 
reader  to  believe  that  when  he  speaks  of 
"  reason,"  to  which  he  rightly  attaches  such  a 
vast  importance,  he  has  the  deductive  method 
in  mind  most  of  the  time.  As  far  as  the  de- 
ductive method  goes,  we  may  well  agree  that 
the  position  of  faith  is  to  underlie  reason, — 
to  underlie  it  in  the  guise  of  a  premise.  But 
when  we  turn  to  the  inductive  method,  may 
we  not  come  nearer  to  precision  by  saying 
that  since  the  inductive  method  never  abso- 
lutely exhausts  its  data,  the  conclusion  (now 
mingling  perforce  with  some  of  our  rigidly 
suppressed,  nay  completely  forgotten,  intui- 
tions) is  a  kind  of  faith  that  comes  as  a 
climax  superimposed  upon  the  honest  and 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


377 


austere    practice    of    rational    investigation? 
Similarly,  to  the  inductive  reasoner,  theory 
need  not  mean  a  preconceptioii  that  will  para- 
lyze or  even  influence  one's  alertness  for  new 
facts  and  truths.     An  inductive  critic  may 
well  begin  with  a  childlike  acceptance  of  the 
generalizations  of  his  predecessor,  examine  the 
collected  data,  discover  new  instances   (as  a 
new  age  always  permits  him),  and  come  at 
the  end  to  his  own  theory, —  a  theory  which  is 
almost  sure  to  modify  if  not  reject  the  conclu- 
sions of  the  earlier  critic.     I  do  not  mean  to 
say  that  Mr.  Brownell  neglects  the  inductive 
method.     But  he  appears  to  turn  with  the 
greater  readiness  to  syllogisms.     In  seeking 
for  the  One  amidst  the  welter  of  the  Many,  in 
his  quest  for  eternal  principles,  he  becomes 
rather  diffident,  and  would  force  too  severe 
limitations   on   criticism.     You  must  not  be 
wanton,  he  realizes,  in  urging  premises  on  your 
readers.     For  this  reason  he  distrusts  the  old 
critic,  "  the  slave  of  schools  " ;  and  so  he  well 
may.    Yet  Mr.  Brownell  should  turn  again  to 
the  judgment  of.  Dame  Nature  at  the  close  of 
the  great  debate  for  supremacy  between  Jove 
and  Mutabilitie,  the  awful  arbiter  of  the  One 
and  the  terrible  and  beautiful  titaness  who 
swayed  the  Many: 
"  I  well  consider  all  that  ye  have  saycl, 
And  find  that  all  things  stedfastnes  doe  hate 
And  changed  be :  yet  being  rightly  wayd, 
They  are  not  changed  from  their  first  estate ; 
But  by  their  change  their  being  doe  dilate : 
And  turning  to  themselves  at  length  againe, 
Doe  worke  their  owne  perfection  so  by  fate : 
Then  over  them  Change  doth  not  rule  and  raigne, 
But  they  raigne  over  Change,  and  doe  their  states 

maintaine." 

The  critic  of  to-day  may  well  expect  to  find 
intimations  of  the  One  in  even  the  pedantic 
theories  of  a  Bossu  on  epic.  He  should  not, 
with  Coleridge,  turn  too  impatiently  from 
these.  He  will  find  amidst  the  chaff  of  Bossu 
intimations  of  the  One,  here  and  there  an 
eternal  principle,  an  eternal  being  in  thought 
which  has  been  not  destroyed  but  dilated  by 
the  commingling,  for  all  the  strife  and  quali- 
fyings,  of  many  restless  and  diverse  opinions 
of  later  decades.  Mr.  Brownell  is  non-com- 
mittal about  the  rules.  He  appears  ultimately 
to  fall  back  upon  the  study  and  estimate  of  an 
individual  as  the  only  intimation  of  the  One 
with  which  the  critic  can  with  absolute  safety 
hope  to  deal.  He  warns  the  critic,  for  in- 
stance, against  working  with  panorama.  But 
this  is  just  where  Taine  succeeded.  Of  indi- 
viduals he  made  warped  portraits.  But  his 
Rubens-like  panoramic  criticism  has  a  large 
element  of  soundness,  as  well  as  of  visual 
splendor,  that  has  placed  his  "  History  of 
English  Literature,"  for  all  its  preconcep- 


tions, among  the  greatest  and  most  enduring 
memories  of  his  century. 

Finally,  I  cannot  accept  Mr.  Brownell's 
sharp  antithesis  between  the  beautiful  and 
the  ugly,  and  his  assertion  that  art  is  con- 
cerned only  with  the  beautiful.  Such  gen- 
eralizations, all  too  common,  close  the  mind  to 
many  masterpieces,  in  all  the  arts,  from  men 
as  far  apart  in  time  and  place  and  nation  as 
Rembrandt  and  Browning  and  (may  I  risk 
the  name  in  such  orthodox  company?)  Arnold 
Schoenberg  in  some  of  the  most  impressive 
parts  of  the  second  of  his  "Drei  Klavier- 
Stuecke,"  Opus  11.  I  should  think,  rather, 
of  the  ugly  and  the  lovely  as  antipodes,  with 
the  pretty  as  a  debased  version  of  the  lovely 
and  the  grotesque  as  a  whimsical  variation, 
altogether  admirable,  of  the  ugly.  I  should 
add  that  the  ugly  contains  often  strength  or 
firmness,  massiveness  or  even  sublimity,  some 
quality  or  other  lacking  in  the  lovely.  There- 
fore the  ugly  often  appeals  to  us,  partly  be- 
cause we  see  therein  qualities  which  when 
wedded  with  the  lovely  make  that  beauty 
which  seldom  appears  in  life  or  art,  and  even 
then  is  as  evanescent  as  some  fleeting  expres- 
sion on  the  face  of  a  beloved  woman  that  is 
remembered  long  after  death  or  evil  chance 
has  stolen  away  her  whole  image, —  remem- 
bered as  a  benignant  siren  to  lure  us  on  that 
endless  quest  in  which  lies  the  supreme  stimu- 
lus of  profound  and  enduring  joy-in-life. 

HERBERT  ELLSWORTH  CORY. 


A  DEFENCE  OF  SOCIALISM.* 


In  "  Socialism  as  the  Sociological  Ideal"  we 
are  presented  with  one  more  of  those  visions  of 
a  purified  society  which  have  in  the  past  served 
so  useful  a  purpose  in  stimulating  the  imagina- 
tion, and  in  keeping  us  alive  to  the  vast  imper- 
fections of  the  economic  structure  of  the  world. 
It  is  at  all  times  good  to  feel  in  touch  with  a 
genuinely  altruistic  spirit,  based  upon  a  divine 
discontent  with  things  as  they  are,  and  the 
more  so  when  it  takes  the  form  of  what  Mr. 
H.  G.  Wells  calls  "  the  white  passion  of  state- 
craft." From  the  lowering  atmosphere  of  the 
well-fed  man  to  whom  this  is  the  best  of  all 
possible  worlds,  or  the  hardly  less  depressing 
company  of  the  philanthropist  whose  highest 
ideal  of  society  seems  to  be  that  of  a  com- 
munity where  one  half  of  the  people  are  con- 
stantly engaged  in  the  endless  task  of  holding 
the  other  half  out  of  the  gutter,  it  is  a  relief  to 
turn  to  one  who  feels  the  fundamental  wrong- 
ness  in  the  present  constitution  of  society  and 
has  some  arguable  remedy  to  offer.  And  when, 


*  SOCIALISM  AS  THE  SOCIOLOGICAL,  IDEAL.  A  Broader  Basis 
for  Socialism.  By  Floyd  J.  Melvin.  New  York :  Sturgis  & 
Walton  Co. 


378 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  13 


as  in  the  book  before  us,  the  philosophy  of 
Socialism  is  expounded  in  a  spirit  of  sweet 
reasonableness,  and  without  a  trace  of  that 
bitterness  which  mars  so  much  of  such  writing, 
one  is  the  more  disposed  to  lend  an  attentive 
ear  and  to  weigh  carefully  the  arguments  ad- 
duced. It  might  hastily  be  concluded  that  all 
that  can  be  said  in  defence  of  Socialism  has 
long  ago  been  said ;  but  against  this  contention 
it  must  be  remembered  that  recent  develop- 
ments in  the  conduct  of  industry,  taking  place 
as  they  do  at  a  constantly  accelerating  pace, 
make  much  that  has  formerly  been  written 
inapplicable  and  out-of-date;  and  that  conse- 
quently a  re-statement  of  the  case  for  a  social- 
istic reorganization  of  industry,  in  full  view 
of  present-day  phases  in  the  relationship  be- 
tween labor  and  capital,  should  be  acceptable. 
It  should  also  be  said  of  this  book,  as  cannot 
be  affirmed  of  all  such  apologies  for  Socialism, 
that  it  is  pervaded  through  and  through  by 
the  higher  idealism.  It  is  the  liberation  of 
the  human  spirit  from  the  fell  clutch  of  cir- 
cumstance that  the  writer  obviously  aspires  to. 
Socialism  is  advocated  because  of  the  recogni- 
tion that  the  higher  life  is  conditioned  on  a 
sound  physical  and  economic  basis.  In  the 
author's  own  words,  "  Socialism  is  as  wide  as 
man's  aspirations.  Its  aims  must  be  those  of 
our  common  humanity." 

With  this  preliminary  testimony,  given  in 
all  sincerity,  to  the  readableness  and  useful- 
ness of  the  book  as  a  provocative  of  thought, 
it  remains  to  be  said  that  it  will  be  found  un- 
convincing by  the  man  whose  mind  is  still 
open,  and  in  our  opinion  will  seem  conclusive 
only  to  those  whose  judgments  are  already 
formed  in  the  same  direction. 

In  the  first  place,  Dr.  Melvin  makes  the  mis- 
take which  characterizes  the  writings  of  most 
apostles  of  Socialism, —  the  mistake  of  assum- 
ing, what  still  requires  proof,  that  Socialism 
is  necessary  before  economic  justice  can  pre- 
vail in  society.  The  assumption  is  implicit, 
from  beginning  to  end  of  the  book,  that  in  the 
original  structure  of  human  relationships 
there  is  an  inherent  wayward  tendency  for 
things  to  go  awry,  and  that  it  is  normal  or 
natural  in  an  unregulated  condition  of  human 
intercourse,  or  mutual  exchange  of  services, 
for  wealth  to  distribute  itself  with  no  regard 
to  fairness  and  equity.  Now  this  is  just  the 
point  as  to  which  many  earnest  and  intelli- 
gent thinkers  are  still  in  doubt.  There  still 
stubbornly  lingers  the  subconscious  suspicion 
that  if  we  understood  properly  the  basic  natu- 
ral laws  which  constitute  the  science  of  politi- 
cal economy,  and  conformed  our  actions  to 
those  laws,  we  should  find  that  human  affairs 
"have  not  this  perverse  tendency  to  go  wrong, 


and  that  justice  and  not  injustice  is  the  natu- 
ral outcome  of  free  or  unregulated  effort,  when 
undeflected  by  monopoly  or  special  privilege. 
Thtsre  persist  the  aspiration  for  more  light, 
and  that  faith  in  the  constitution  of  the  uni- 
verse, which  find  expression  in  the  words  of 
Milton,  "  What  in  me  is  dark,  illumine ;  that 
to  the  height  of  this  great  argument  I  may 
assert  Eternal  Providence  and  justify  the 
ways  of  God  to  man."  It  is  surely,  then,  an 
apposite  question  to  ask  and  answer,  whether 
the  eternal  order  of  things  is  such  that  it 
should  be  necessary  for  man  to  suspend  the 
operation  of  natural  law,  and  set  up  instead 
a  system  of  artificial  law  which  shall  work  out 
results  more  in  conformity  with  his  moral 
sense  than  natural  law  will  yield.  When  a 
physician  is  diagnosing  the  case  of  a  patient 
whose  blood  circulation  is  weak,  whose  heart 
and  lungs  are  functioning  irregularly,  and  all 
of  whose  organs  are  working  more  or  less  in- 
harmoniously  with  each  other,  he  does  not 
assume  this  disharmony  to  be  normal  but  ab- 
normal, and  seeks  to  trace  the  disorder  to  one 
disturbing  cause,  believing  as  he  must  that 
in  the  absence  of  such  a  cause  there  would  have 
been  no  occasion  for  his  interference. 

It  is,  we  believe,  because  of  the  omission  to 
make  this  preliminary  inquiry  that  Dr.  Mel- 
vin has  fallen  upon  certain  assumptions  that 
seem  to  weaken  or  invalidate  the  superstruc- 
ture of  conclusions  to  which  he  invites  us.  The 
antithesis,  for  example,  between  society  con- 
ceived of  as  an  organism  and  as  an  organiza- 
tion, is  somewhat  arbitrary  and  artificial.  Is 
it  true,  we  may  ask,  that  in  an  organism  "  all 
significant  individuality  is  denied  to  the  con- 
stituent parts"?  Notwithstanding  that  the 
authority  of  Herbert  Spencer  may  be  quoted 
in  support  of  this  postulate,  and  which  indeed 
Spencer  advances  only  as  a  modifying  con- 
sideration to  his  elaborate  argument  that  so- 
ciety is  an  organism,  we  submit  that  in  the 
light  of  recent  psycho-physiological  researches 
the  postulate  may  be  questioned,  and  it  may 
well  be  doubted  whether  we  are  yet  on  the 
threshold  of  a  true  understanding  of  the  na- 
ture of  the  organic  cell.  It  is  always  unsafe 
to  argue  from  ignorance;  and  it  may  be,  as 
seems  now  probable,  that  we  cannot  deny  to 
the  individual  cell  an  incipient  consciousness 
analogous  to  the  imperfect  civic  consciousness 
which  is  all  that  can  be  found  in  most  of  the 
members  of  a  community.  On  the  other  hand, 
in  what  the  process  of  organization  can  differ 
from  the  natural  organic  process,  by  which 
certain  cells  are  specialized  and  set  apart  to 
do  the  thinking  and  directing,  is  not  apparent. 
The  opposition  then,  between  the  ideas  of 
organism  and  organization,  on  which  Dr.  Mel- 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


379 


vin  appears  to  lay  considerable  weight,  seems 
to  lead  nowhere  in  particular  and  to  be  of 
little  value  as  an  illuminative  concept. 

Out  of  this  distrust  of  natural  processes, 
Dr.  Melvin  has  obviously  fallen  into  the  as- 
sumption that  the  confessedly  artificial  system 
of  human  relationships  which  Socialism  would 
set  up  may  be  identified  with  democracy. 
Democracy  is  one  of  those  concepts  the  full 
content  of  which  will  probably  reveal  itself  to 
the  human  mind  only  after  much  experience 
and  many  strenuous  efforts  in  the  art  of  liv- 
ing; and  it  may  be  doubted  whether  we  are 
yet  within  sight  of  its  true  significance.  None 
of  the  modern  catch-words  of  liberalism  ex- 
haust its  deepest  and  most  fundamental  mean- 
ings. Mere  majority-rule  can  surely  never  be 
mistaken  for  the  last  word  in  democracy? 
That  fifty-one  per  cent  should  compel  the  other 
forty-nine  into  a  certain  way  of  living,  may 
be  expedient  at  a  certain  stage  in  the  evolution 
of  society,  and  be  preferable  to  chaos,  as  the 
more  reasonable  of  the  minority  may  admit; 
but  it  is  not  democracy.  Neither  is  "  govern- 
ment of  the  people  by  the  people  and  for  the 
people "  a  full  expression  of  democracy,  so 
long  as  it  takes  no  account  of  the  man  who 
wants -neither  to  govern  nor  to  be  governed  but 
simply  to  be  let  alone  to  earn  his  own  living 
and  live  his  own  life,  subject  only  to  the  con- 
dition that  he  does  not  infringe  upon  the  sim- 
ilar liberty  of  others.  A  socialist  organization, 
therefore,  that  is  not  voluntary  to  the  last 
and  most  insignificant  unit  composing  the 
group  is  not  a  democracy,  whatever  argument 
•of  expediency  may  be  adduced  in  its  favor. 

To  the  same  distrust  of  nature's  methods, 
growing  out  of  a  very  laudable  revulsion  from 
the  Darwinian  struggle-for-existence  theory  of 
life,  we  attribute  Dr.  Melvin's  terror  of  compe- 
tition, and  his  identification  of  it  as  the  mod- 
•ern  equivalent  of  exterminative  warfare.  In 
general  it  may  be  said  that  the  mind  with  a 
pre-disposition  towards  Socialism  has  a  rooted 
inability  to  imagine  the  current  of  competi- 
tion running  in  an  opposite  direction  from 
that  which  it  now  takes.  At  present  we  see 
laborers  competing  against  each  other  for  the 
permission  of  the  capitalists  that  they  may 
earn  their  livings ;  and  we  note  the  physical, 
moral,  and  aesthetic  deterioration  of  character 
which  results.  But  what  if  we  conceive  of  a 
condition  of  things  where  capitalists  should  be 
competing  with  each  other  for  the  privilege  of 
employing  labor,  and  were  compelled  to  offer, 
higher  and  still  higher  remuneration,  and  bet- 
ter and  still  better  conditions  as  to  hours  and 
protection  from  danger,  as  the  only  means  of 
obtaining  workers  ?  That  it  should  be  difficult 
.to  imagine  such  a  relationship  between  labor 


and  capital  is  only  another  instance  of  the 
tyranny  of  custom  and  tradition  on  our  modes 
of  thought.  In  the  subconscious  backgrounds 
of  most  open  minds  there  persists  the  belief 
that  in  some  discoverable  condition  of  human 
freedom,  such  as  we  have  never  yet  realized, 
this  latter  kind  of  competition  would  be  the 
natural  one.  It  is  this  unformulated  belief 
that  makes  humane  people  defend  labor-saving 
machinery,  notwithstanding  its  very  disastrous 
effects  under  present  conditions  in  displacing 
workers  and  causing  destitution.  For  we 
know  instinctively  that  the  invention  of  ma- 
chinery ought  to  save  labor  in  a  true  sense,  and 
not  in  the  cruel  sense  to  which  we  are  accus- 
tomed. And  it  is  because  we  trust  our  in- 
stincts, and  distrust  our  arguments,  that  we 
hesitate  to  prefer  what  Dr.  Melvin  calls  "the 
superstructure  of  man's  purposive  creation  " 
to  "the  basic  unpurposive  natural  order 
which  seems  to  ignore  the  harmonies  de- 
manded by  man."  (The  italics  are  ours.) 

As  to  the  problem  of  distribution  again, 
Dr.  Melvin  thinks  that  the  ultimate  educa- 
tional ideal  "  can  be  set  down  as  nothing  less 
than  to  each  according  to  his  needs."  But 
where  shall  we  find  the  superman  who  is  wise 
enough  and  good  enough  to  determine  the 
needs  of  each  member  of  a  community? 
"Needs"  vary  indefinitely  in  proportion  to 
faculty.  Nature,  indeed,  seems  wisely  to  have 
decreed  an  exact  relation  between  needs  and 
the  capacity  for  contributing  to  the  communal 
stock  of  commodities  and  services.  The  man 
of  small  capacity  for  adding  to  the  social 
wealth  has  few  needs  and  desires,  while  the 
man  of  large  capacity  requires  large  supplies 
of  leisure,  books,  scientific  instruments,  eas£ 
chairs,  opportunities  for  travel,  companion- 
ship, and  many  other  aids  to  the  full  develop- 
ment of  his  faculties.  Is  one  not  justified  in 
suspecting  that  under  the  free  conditions  we 
have  tried  to  imagine  (to  the  absence  of  which 
are  probably  due  all  the  evils  against  which 
Socialism  is  directed)  the  apportionment  "to 
each  according  to  his  needs  "  would  take  place 
with  automatic  and  unerring  accuracy  ? 

If  it  does  not  savor  of  hyper-criticism  we 
might  remark  that  Dr.  Melvin  seems  on  page 
17  to  cut  away  the  plank  on  which  he  rests  his 
argument  for  the  socialization  of  industry.  In 
opposing  political  individualism  he  says : 
"All  prohibitive  government  is  an  enormity  if  it 
is  less  or  more  than  a  mere  representation  of  the 
natural  limitations  arising  from  the  mutually  con- 
flicting desires  of  its  subjects.  The  socialist  is 
affirming  no  new  or  undiscovered  principle  in  op- 
posing political  individualism.  Thus  the  socialist 
society  as  conceived  by  its  advocates  seeks  to 
embody  only  those  restrictions  on  the  freedom  of 
the  individual  that  are  naturally  inevitable." 


380 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  13 


Does  this  not  seem  to  point  to  just  what  Dr. 
Melvin  repudiates,  namely,  the  restriction  of 
governmental  function  to  that  of  preventing 
aggression  of  one  citizen  on  another,  or  what 
Huxley  described  as  "administrative  nihilism" 
and  some  profane  Spencerian  critic  called  "  a 
glorified  police-office  for  the  keeping  of  the 
peace  "  ? 

We  conclude  this  imperfect  review  of  a 
stimulating  and  suggestive  book  with  the  as- 
surance that  those  who  wish  to  know  the  best 
that  can  be  said  for  a  philosophy  that  has 
captured  the  sympathy  and  enthusiasm  of 
thousands,  will  find  here  what  they  require. 
ALEX.  MACKENDRICK. 


Two  CANADIAN  STATESMEN.* 

Just  half  a  century  ago  there  met  in  the  city 
of  Quebec  a  group  of  statesmen  representing 
the  principal  colonies  of  British  North  Amer- 
ica. They  had  come  together  to  bring  about 
the  union  of  these  colonies.  After  long  de- 
liberation they  finally  agreed  upon  the  terms, 
and  drafted  a  constitution  which  was  ratified 
by  each  of  the  colonial  legislatures,  and  finally, 
on  July  1,  1867,  passed  by  the  imperial  parlia- 
ment as  the  British  North  America  Act.  The 
men  who  thus  created  out  of  a  group  of  weak 
and  scattered  colonies  a  powerful  and  ambi- 
tious commonwealth  have  since  been  known  to 
Canadians  as  the  "  Fathers  of  Confederation." 
They  are  represented  to-day  by  a  single  sur- 
vivor, the  veteran  statesman,  Sir  Charles 
Tupper,  who  in  his  ninety-third  year  has  pub- 
lished a  substantial  volume  of  reminiscences, 
throwing  a  most  interesting  and  valuable  light 
upon  the  history  of  the  confederation  move- 
ment and  the  subsequent  development  of  the 
Dominion. 

Sir  Charles  Tupper  first  entered  public  life 
in  1855,  in  Cumberland  County,  Nova  Scotia, 
having  the  assurance  not  only  to  run  against 
the  Liberal  leader,  Joseph  Howe,  but  to  defeat 
him.  He  became  a  member  of  the  Nova  Scotia 
government  the  following  year,  remaining 
until  1860.  From  1864  to  1867  he  was  premier 
of  the  province.  The  latter  year  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  first  Dominion  parliament, 
but,  although  he  had  been  largely  instru- 
mental in  bringing  about  confederation,  he 
unselfishly  stepped  aside  when  John  A.  Mac- 
donald  was  forming  his  first  cabinet,  to  make 
room  for  his  old  opponent,  Joseph  Howe.  One 
finds  in  the  "Recollections  of  Sixty  Years" 
the  confidential  correspondence  between  Mac- 
donald  and  Tupper  as  a  result  of  which  Howe, 
who  had  fiercely  opposed  the  confederation 

*  RECOLLECTIONS  OF  SIXTY  YEARS.  By  Sir  Charles  Tupper, 
Bart.  New  York :  Funk  &  Wagnalls  Co. 

CANADIAN  ADDRESSES.  By  George  E.  Foster.  Toronto: 
Bell  &  Cockburn. 


movement,  was  finally  induced  to  enter  the 
first  Dominion  cabinet.  In  1870  Tupper 
joined  the  Macdonald  ministry  as  president 
of  the  council,  and  in  this  and  succeeding 
administrations  he  filled  the  important  offices 
of  Minister  of  Inland  Revenue,  Minister  of 
Customs,  Minister  of  Public  Works,  Minister 
of  Railways  and  Canals,  and  Minister  of 
Finance.  From  1884  to  1887,  and  again  be- 
tween 1888  and  1896,  he  acted  as  High  Com- 
missioner for  Canada  in  England,  and  for  his 
services  to  the  country  he  was  created  a  bar- 
onet. In  1896,  when  the  Conservative  admin- 
istration had  fallen  upon  evil  days,  they  sent 
for  the  old  "War  Horse  of  Cumberland,"  as 
he  was  called,  to  lead  them  in  the  approach- 
ing general  election.  In  spite  of  his  seventy- 
five  years,  the  prospect  of  one  more  political 
battle  was  irresistible.  He  immediately  re- 
signed his  high  commissionership,  came  back 
to  Canada  as  prime  minister,  and  led  his  party 
gallantly  in  what  he  knew  must  be  a  losing 
fight.  For  several  years  he  led  the  opposition 
in  the  House  of  Commons,  and  finally  in  1906, 
at  the  age  of  85,  retired  from  active  political 
life.  For  over  half  a  century  Sir  Charles 
Tupper  served  his  country  faithfully.  He 
has  seen  Canada  grow  from  weakness  to 
strength;  with  the  possible  exception  of  Sir 
John  Macdonald,  no  other  man  has  done  more 
as  a  constructive  statesman  to  make  the  Do- 
minion what  it  is  to-day. 

Apart  from  the  chapters  of  Sir  Charles's 
book  which  deal  more  particularly  with  po- 
litical events  and  movements,  probably  the 
most  interesting  portion  is  that  which  tells  the 
story  of  his  visit  to  the  Red  River  Settlement 
in  1870  and  his  interview  with  the  leader  of 
the  Half-Breed  Rebellion,  Louis  Riel.  Donald 
A.  Smith  (afterward  Lord  Strathcona)  of  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Company  had  told  him  that  it 
would  be  as  much  as  his  life  was  worth  to  go 
to  Fort  Garry  at  that  time,  particularly  as 
Riel  and  his  followers  knew  the  active  part 
Tupper  had  taken  in  bringing  about  confed- 
eration, to  which  they  assigned  all  their 
troubles.  "I  told  him,"  says  Tupper,  "that 
I  had  promised  Sir  John  A.  Macdonald  to  get 
into  Fort  Garry,  and  that  I  intended  to  do 
so. ' '  And  he  did.  Riel  had  seized  the  horses, 
wagons,  and  baggage  of  Captain  Cameron, 
Tupper 's  son-in-law,  who  had  been  sent  to 
Fort  Garry  in  an  official  capacity,  and  Tupper, 
as  soon  as  he  reached  the  fort,  made  his  way 
to  the  council  chamber  of  the  rebel  chiefs  and, 
after  telling  Riel  who  he  was,  demanded  the 
restoration  of  Cameron's  belongings.  Riel 
was  apparently  so  taken  by  surprise  that  he 
not  only  permitted  Tupper  to  return  in  safety, 
but  actually  restored  the  spoils  of  war.  The 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


381 


real  object  of  the  seemingly  foolhardy  visit 
was  to  get  some  idea  of  the  situation  at  Fort 
Garry,  and  if  possible  to  persuade  the  rebels 
that  they  were  mad  to  defy  the  Dominion 
government,  and  could  remedy  their  griev- 
ances by  peaceful  negotiation.  Tupper  realized 
at  once  that  he  could  do  nothing  with  Kiel,  but 
talked  the  matter  over  with  Pere  Richot,  one 
of  his  principal  advisers.  He  found  that  the 
rebels  were  convinced  that  they  could  carry 
on  a  successful  guerrilla  warfare  in  the  vast 
wilderness  of  the  west,  and  that  in  the  last 
resort  they  could  annex  the  western  country 
to  the  United  States.  He  therefore  had  to 
leave  them  to  their  fate. 

Packed  with  interesting  and  valuable  ma- 
terial to  the  student  of  Canadian  history,  the 
book  is  distinctly  disappointing  as  a  piece  of 
composition.  The  material  was  evidently  put 
by  Sir  Charles  Tupper  into  the  hands  of  some 
one  who  either  through  incompetence  or 
through  indolence  failed  to  realize  his  oppor- 
tunity. As  a  result,  what  might  have  been 
an  autobiography  of  the  first  importance  is 
not  much  more  than  a  scrap-book. 

Sir  George  Foster's  "Canadian  Addresses" 
brings  together  for  the  first  time  a  selection  of 
the  principal  speeches  and  public  addresses 
in  recent  years  of  the  Canadian  Minister  of 
Trade  and  Commerce,  one  of  the  ablest  and 
most  incisive  speakers  of  the  Dominion.  Such 
topics  are  included  as  "Reciprocity  with  the 
United  States,"  "The  Imperial  Conferences/' 
"The  Naval  Policy,"  "Problems  of  Empire," 
"The  Call  of  the  State,"  and  "Claims  of  the 
Nation  on  the  Individual."  In  an  introduc- 
tory chapter,  Sir  George  Foster  gives  us  a 
rapid  sketch  of  the  Canada  of  to-day,  from 
the  point  of  view  of  one  who  is  taking  a  lead- 
ing part  in  the  moulding  of  her  destiny. 
Coming  from  such  a  source,  the  following  is 
of  more  than  passing  interest : 

"  Canada  has  to  face  three  problems  —  its  own 
internal  development,  its  attitude  toward  outside 
peoples  in  respect  to  settlement  within  its  boun- 
daries, and  its  relations  to  the  Empire  at  large. 
As  to  the  first,  its  policy  has  grown  gradually, 
taken  on  year  by  year  a  firmer  consistency,  and 
may  at  the  present  time  be  considered  as  pretty 
definitely  settled.  It  has  gained,  and  will  undoubt- 
edly maintain,  complete  autonomy  of  government 
and  administration.  It  is  now  and  must  continue 
to  be  practically  supreme  within  its  territorial 
boundaries.  Government  follows  the  line  of  a  sane 
and  reasonable  democracy,  tempered  with  the  re- 
straints and  checks  of  its  monarchial  traditions. 
This  latter  does  not  greatly  obtrude  in  forms,  but 
it  permeates  with  its  influences  and  preserves  from 
excess  by  its  conservative  tendencies.  Manhood 
suffrage  practically  prevails,  and  woman  suffrage 
is  gradually  emerging  through  the  lesser  gates  of 


the  municipal  to  the  crowning  power  of  national 
exercise.  The  protective  principle,  never  since 
Confederation  entirely  absent  from  fiscal  legisla- 
tion, became  dominant  in  1879,  and  has  since  so 
continued.  Joined  therewith  later  was  the  prin- 
ciple of  preferential  treatment  of  British  Empire 
products,  which  now  includes  practically  all  the 
imperial  possessions  except  Newfoundland  and 
Australia.  These  will  readily  be  included  as  soon 
as  they  find  it  possible  to  reciprocate  in  like  de- 
gree. Protection  is  not  high  or  oppressive,  and  is 
not  likely  ever  to  be  raised  beyond  the  point  neces- 
sary to  place  Canadian  producers  in  a  position  not 
to  exclude,  but  to  compete  fairly  with  the  nations 
more  favoured  by  circumstances,  skill  and  capital." 

LAWRENCE  J.  BURPEE. 


THREE  BOOKS  ON  SOUTH  AMERICA.* 

During  the  last  few  years  a  marked  change 
has  taken  place  in  the  character  of  the  numer- 
ous books  annually  written  on  South  America. 
The  single  volume  which  attempts  to  describe 
the  whole  continent,  or  rather  the  fringe  of 
coast  line  ordinarily  visited  by  the  hurried 
tourist,  has  given  place  to  carefully  prepared 
works  dealing  with  separate  countries  or  even 
with  portions  of  these  countries.  Moreover, 
the  critical  reader  is  no  longer  satisfied  with 
superficial  generalizations,  however  cleverly 
put;  he  is  justified  in  demanding  that  the 
writer  not  only  evince  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  the  region  he  is  describing,  but  also  be  able 
to  offer  an  adequate  interpretation  of  those 
subtler  phases  of  a  nation's  life  included  in  the 
elusive  term  civilization.  Especially  is  this 
true  at  the  present  time,  when  one  of  the  unex- 
pected results  of  the  European  war  has  been 
a  quickened  interest  in  all  that  relates  to  South 
America. 

Among  recent  offerings  in  this  field  it  is 
safe  to  say  that  none  exceeds  in  interest  and 
permanent  value  the  scholarly  monograph  by 
Mr.  Bailey  Willis  on  Northern  Patagonia.  At 
the  invitation  of  Dr.  Ramos-Mexia,  the  pro- 
gressive Argentine  Minister  of  Public  Works, 
Mr.  Willis  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Comi- 
sion  de  Estudios  Hidrologicos  during  the 
period  from  1911  to  1913.  This  commission 
was  entrusted  with  the  important  task  of  mak- 
ing an  exhaustive  topographic,  geologic,  and 
economic  survey  of  the  vast  undeveloped  and 
little  known  region  of  Northern  Patagonia,  an 
area  approximately  as  large  as  the  State  of 
California  and  stretching  from  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  to  the  boundaries  of  Chile.  The  present 

*  NORTHERN  PATAGONIA.  Its  Character  and  Resources.  Pre- 
pared under  the  direction  of  the  Ministry  of  Public  Works. 
Illustrated  in  photogravure,  etc.,  with  maps  in  separate  vol- 
ume. New  York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

THE  LOWEK  AMAZON.  By  Algot  Lange ;  with  Introduction 
by  Frederick  S.  Dellenbaugh.  Illustrated.  New  York:  G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons. 

PERU:  A  LAND  OF  CONTRASTS.  By  Millicent  Todd.  Illus- 
trated. Boston :  Little,  Brown  &  Co. 


382 


THE    DIAL 


[  May  13 


monograph,  in  which  are  embodied  the  results 
of  Mr.  Willis's  investigations,  falls  into  two 
general  divisions.  The  first  is  a  detailed  de- 
scription of  the  pampas  of  Northern  Patago- 
nia. This  region  is  generally  regarded  as  a 
country  of  desert  or  steppe-like  plains,  but  it 
is  neither  plain  nor  desert.  Rather  is  it  a 
region  of  semi-arid  grassy  plateaus,  practically 
all  of  which  is  suitable  for  grazing  and  much 
of  it  adapted  to  agriculture  through  the  use 
of  dry  farming  or  irrigation.  It  presents  cer- 
tain analogies  to  the  western  territory  of  the 
United  States  forty  years  ago.  Thanks  to  the 
energy  of  the  Minister  of  Public  Works,  a 
railroad  is  being  pushed  through  this  region 
from  Port  San  Antonio  on  the  Atlantic  to  Lake 
Nahuel  Huapi  at  the  base  of  the  Andes.  The 
districts  tributary  to  this  new  transconti- 
nental line  —  districts  of  enormous  potential 
value  —  are  described  at  length  by  Dr.  Willis 
as  regards  soil,  climate,  rainfall,  resources, 
and  products.  In  the  land  where  President 
Mitre's  dictum,  "  to  govern  is  to  populate," 
still  holds  good  the  importance  of  Mr.  Willis's 
investigation  scarcely  needs  to  be  stressed. 

Of  greater  interest  to  the  general  reader  is 
the  second  part  of  the  monograph,  containing 
a  detailed  account  of  the  wonderful  Andean 
region  of  Northern  Patagonia.  Here  is  a  cor- 
ner of  South  America  replete  with  surprises 
for  even  the  most  blase  and  jaded  of  globe 
trotters.  Countless  majestic  peaks,  forest 
clad  and  crowned  with  snow,  rise  from  the 
dark  green  waters  of  fjord-like  lakes.  This 
Andean  lake  region,  so  thoroughly  and  de- 
lightfully described  by  Mr.  Willis,  is  one  of 
the  most  remarkable  in  the  world,  whether  we 
consider  its  extent,  the  solemn  grandeur  of  its 
mountain  scenery,  or  the  number  and  beauty 
of  its  lakes.  Of  these  latter  there  are  several 
score  which  compare  with  the  lakes  of  Switzer- 
land and  Italy,  and  several  hundred  which 
would  be  notable  were  they  situated  in  the 
British  Isles  or  in  the  United  States,  but  in 
this  little  known  section  of  South  America 
they  are  unnamed  and  uncounted.  The  most 
beautiful  as  well  as  the  most  important  of 
these  lakes  is  thus  described  by  Mr.  Willis : 

"Lago  Nahuel  Huapi,  although  not  one  of  the 
largest  of  the  Andean  lakes,  is  as  long  as  Lake 
Geneva,  but  in  form  it  more  nearly  resembles  the 
wide-branching  Lake  Lucerne.  Nowhere  are  its 
shores  for  any  distance  so  low  or  habitable  as  the 
northern  shore  of  Lac  Leman  from  Geneva  to 
Montreux;  nor  is  the  expanse  of  waters  so  wide 
as  that  seen  in  the  view  from  the  hills  above  Lau- 
sanne. Only  the  east  end  of  Nahuel  Huapi  lies 
wide  open  to  the  sun.  The  farther  reaches  of  the 
lake  and  its  spreading  arms  sink  deep  into  the  Cor- 
dillera; branching  about  islands  or  beyond  prom- 
ontories, they  penetrate  among1  the  highest  ranges. 
Neither  the  magnitude  nor  the  beauty  of  the  lake 


can  be  grasped  in  the  view  from  any  one  point. 
One  must  explore  in  launch  or  sailboat,  sail  in  and 
out  past  woods  and  precipices,  follow  the  dark- 
green  waters  around  sharp  turns  into  hidden  bays, 
and  linger  there  in  the  heart  of  nature's  solitudes. 
The  open  lake  is  swept  by  fierce  winds.  The  launch 
must  be  strong  or  the  sailboat  large  and  sturdy. 
Yet  along  the  lake  shores  there  are  amphitheatres 
where  the  waters  lie  so  deep  beneath  the  high  moun- 
tains that  the  calm  of  the  mirror  that  reflects  the 
overhanging  trees  is  rarely  broken.  From  such 
retreats  the  traveler  may  ascend  through  the  jungles 
of  graceful  bamboo  in  the  deep  shade  of  the 
beech  forest  to  the  alpine  meadows  above  tree  line, 
or  to  the  perpetual  snows  and  glaciers  of  Mount 
Tronador." 

It  is  gratifying  to  learn  that  the  government 
is  planning  to  reserve  the  most  beautiful  por- 
tion of  this  region  as  a  great  national  park  for 
the  pleasure  and  welfare  of  the  people.  But 
Mr.  Willis  is  at  pains  to  point  out  that  this 
fascinating  corner  of  Argentina  is  destined  to 
be  more  than  the  playground  of  the  nation. 
The  wild  mountain  torrents  descending  from 
the  Andean  glaciers  hold  out  possibilities  of  al- 
most unlimited  industrial  development.  Care- 
ful investigation  has  convinced  the  author  that 
the  probable  available  energy  which  may  be 
derived  from  these  streams  exceeds  two  million 
horsepower.  When  one  considers  that  Argen- 
tina, with  all  her  natural  resources,  is  practi- 
cally without  coal  the  significance  of  these 
figures  is  apparent. 

Too  high  praise  cannot  be  bestowed  on  the 
large  number  of  magnificent  plates  with  which 
this  monograph  is  illustrated.  Never  before 
has  this  Andean  region  been  so  adequately  and 
artistically  portrayed.  A  supplementary  vol- 
ume of  maps,,  drawn  on  a  large  scale  and  de- 
signed to  show  not  only  the  various  physical 
features  but  also  the  resources  of  Northern 
Patagonia,  greatly  enhances  the  usefulness  and 
scientific  value  of  the  monograph. 

Mr.  Algot  Lange,  the  well  known  Brazilian 
explorer,  has  added  another  important  work  to 
the  growing  literature  on  Amazonia.  "  The 
Lower  Amazon  "  is  a  very  readable  account  of 
explorations  in  the  more  remote  regions  of  the 
State  of  Para,  particularly  the  district  drained 
by  the  lower  Tocantins  River.  In  a  simple  and 
straightforward  way  the  author  describes  the 
daily  life  of  the  caboclos,  or  half-breed  rubber- 
gatherers,  and  the  manner  in  which  the  "  black 
gold  "  of  the  Amazon  Valley  is  collected  and 
marketed;  while  his  training  as  a  student  of 
natural  history  and  botany  has  enabled  him  to 
bring  the  flora  and  fauna  of  the  region  vividly 
before  the  mind  of  the  reader.  Several  chap- 
ters are  devoted  to  an  entertaining  account  of 
Mr.  Lange's  sojourn  among  a  little-known 
tribe  of  Indians  living  some  three  hundred 
miles  to  the  north  of  Para.  Of  even  greater 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


383 


interest  is  the  record  of  his  archaeological  in- 
vestigations on  the  Island  of  Marajo  in  the 
delta  of  the  Amazon.  Mr.  Laiige  was  fortu- 
nate enough  to  discover  an  immense  quantity 
of  pottery,  covered  with  delicate  tracery  and 
of  remarkable  freshness  of  color.  Though  he 
does  not  hazard  any  judgment  as  to  the  age  of 
this  pottery,  he  is  inclined  to  believe  that  it  is 
of  comparatively  recent  date. 

Probably  the  most  valuable  chapters  of  the 
book  are  those  containing  the  author's  observa- 
tions on  the  population  and  general  resources 
of  the  country.  Mr.  Lange  attempts,  frankly 
and  fairly,  to  tell  the  truth  about  Amazonia. 
The  picture  he  draws  of  the  inhabitants  of  this 
region  is  not  reassuring.  Unfavorable  climatic 
conditions,  the  exorbitant  cost  of  living,  un- 
suitable food,  and  wretched  sanitation  have  in 
the  opinion  of  the  author  seriously  impaired 
the  racial  stamina  of  the  North  Brazilians. 
Moreover,  the  country  at  large  is  in  a  state  of 
lamentable  retrogression  and  universal  pov- 
erty. Paradoxical  as  it  may  seem,  this  un- 
happy condition  is  due  entirely  to  rubber. 
During  a  long  period  of  inflated  prices  the 
inhabitants  of  Amazonia  neglected  all  other 
sources  of  wealth ;  and  now  with  the  competi- 
tion of  the  cheap  plantation-grown  rubber  of 
the  Orient,  this  good  has  indirectly  turned  to 
evil  and  left  the  people  with  no  other  means  of 
subsistence.  And  yet,  adds  Mr.  Lange : 
"  It  will  be  the  happiest,  luckiest  thing  that  can 
happen  to  Amazonia  —  in  fact,  the  only  thing  that 
will  prevent  a  complete  relapse  into  total  abandon- 
ment and  barbarism,  when  the  Orient  captures  the 
rubber  market,  because  then  Amazonia  will  be 
forced  to  wake  up  and  prevent  its  people  from 
starving  to  death ;  indeed  this  awakening  is  already 
beginning.  Amazonia  is  learning  its  greatest  les- 
son —  that  is,  that  it  will  have  to  work  to  cultivate 
its  rich  soil  now  that  the  mine  of  '  black  gold '  — 
rubber  —  is  rapidly  disappearing." 

Mr.  Lange  dilates  on  the  many  resources  of 
the  country,  for  the  most  part  still  untouched 
and  unexploited.  Valuable  cabinet  woods, 
medicinal  plants,  tobacco,  and  a  wide  variety 
of  fruits  are  among  the  products  which  may  in 
course  of  time  supplant  rubber  and  make 
Amazonia  one  of  the  richest  countries  in  the 
world.  The  book  contains  a  wealth  of  excel- 
lent illustrations  made  from  the  author's  own 
photographs.  It  is  distinctly  one  of  the  best 
works  on  the  Amazon  Valley  published  in  re- 
cent years. 

In  "  Peru :  A  Land  of  Contrasts,"  Miss 
Millicent  Todd  has  written  a  book  vivacious  in 
style  and  delightful  in  content.  Peru,  we  are 
told,  is  a  paradox.  Any  statement  regarding 
this  country  "implies  a  contrary  statement 
equally  valid.  Contrast  is  its  characteristic 
quality,  true  as  to  the  general  aspects  of  the 


country  and  ramifying  through  remote  de- 
tails. It  is  the  obvious  point  of  view  from 
which  to  study  Peru."  This  attitude  of  the 
writer  is  consistently  maintained  throughout 
the  book.  The  people  are  set  over  against  the 
country ;  the  prosaic  present  is  contrasted  with 
the  romantic  past ;  the  dreary  desert  with  the 
icy  highland,  and  both  with  the  inhospitable 
jungle. 

Those  who  are  seeking  concrete  information 
or  a  detailed  account  of  the  Peru  of  the  twen- 
tieth century  may  find  Miss  Todd's  book  some- 
what disappointing ;  this  despite  the  fact  that 
it  is  the  result  of  wide  travel  and  patient  in- 
vestigation. It  is  lacking  in  explicitness  of 
statement,  and  is  quite  innocent  of  statistics ; 
moreover,  the  writer's  fondness  for  paradoxes 
and  antitheses  tends  to  become  a  trifle  palling. 
Yet  for  one  in  quest  of  the  real  spirit  of  Peru 
and  her  marvellous  history  the  book  is  an  open 
sesame.  Miss  Todd  has  intuitively  caught  the 
elusive  charm  of  this  land  of  the  Incas  and  the 
Conquistadores,  and  in  a  series  of  wonderful 
word  pictures  has' succeeded  in  communicating 
much  of  this  charm  to  the  reader.  As  an  un- 
usual book  on  an  unusual  country,  the  volume 
is  to  be  heartily  commended. 

P.  A.  MARTIN. 


KECENT  FICTION.* 


A  map  which  accompanies  Mr.  Conrad's 
"  Victory  "  is  extremely  interesting.  It  indi- 
cates the  scenes  of  the  author's  long  series  of 
novels  and  shorter  pieces,  as  well  as  the  routes 
taken  by  the  ships  of  his  imagination.  The 
globe  is  pretty  well  circled  by  these  markings, 
and  the  geographical  range  of  his  inventions  is 
something  extraordinary.  The  scene  of  "  Vic- 
tory "  is  the  Pacific  island  of  Samburan,  a  lit- 
tle to  the  northwest  of  Samoa,  and  due  east  of 
the  scene  of  the  story  of  "Almayer's  Folly,"  in 
which  Mr.  Conrad's  marvellous  gift  for  por- 
traying the  psychology  of  life  in  the  tropics 
was  first  revealed.  The  new  book  is  a  char- 
acteristic Conrad  tale,  told  with  somewhat  less 
of  indirection  than  usual,  and  peopled  with 
figures  drawn  from  the  flotsam  and  jetsam  of 
humanity  as  found  in  the  remote  regions  of 
the  earth.  A  Swede  named  Heyst  is  the  cen- 
tral figure,  living  upon  an  island  which  has 
been  the  scene  of  the  operations  of  a  collapsed 
coal  company.  He  is  something  of  a  dreamer, 
and  money-making  is  the  least  of  his  concerns. 
On  a  visit  to  Souraboya  (which  may  be  in 
Borneo)  he  puts  up  at  a  hotel  kept  by  a  Ger- 

*  VICTORY.  An  Island  Tale.  By  Joseph  Conrad.  New  York : 
Doubleday,  Page  &  Co. 

BLUB  BLOOD  AND  RED.  By  Geoffrey  Corson.  New  York : 
Henry  Holt  &  Co. 

THE  LADDER.  The  Story  of  a  Casual  Man.  By  Philip  Cur- 
tiss.  New  York  :  Harper  &  Brothers. 

LOST  SHEEP.     By  Vere  Shortt.    New  York:  John  Lane  Co. 


384 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  13 


man  ruffian  named  Schomberg,  and  there  he 
is  attracted  by  a  girl  violinist  in  the  orchestra 
that  provides  entertainment  for  the  disreputa- 
ble frequenters  of  the  resort.  She  is  evidently 
unhappy,  and  Heyst  soon  learns  that  she  is 
driven  to  desperation  by  Schomberg's  odious 
advances,  whereupon  he  helps  her  to  make  her 
escape,  and  takes  her  to  his  island  home. 
Presently,  two  of  the  most  precious  villains 
that  even  Mr.  Conrad  has  ever  imagined  arrive 
at  the  hotel,  and  Schomberg  determines  to 
make  them  the  instruments  of  his  malignant 
revenge.  He  stuffs  them  with  tales  of  the 
Swede  in  his  solitary  island,  and  of  the  treas- 
ure which  is  probably  hoarded  there.  The 
prospect  looks  good  to  them,  and  they  start  off 
on  the  piratical  venture.  Now  in  any  conven- 
tional story  of  this  description,  the  villains 
would  be  thwarted,  and  their  proposed  victims 
would  come  out  triumphant.  Since  we  have  to 
deal  with  Mr.  Conrad,  it  is  all  the  other  way 
about,  and  the  story  ends  in  a  welter  of  trag- 
edy which  leaves  none  of  the  four  alive.  The 
enigmatic  title  of  the  romance  is  accounted  for 
by  the  way  in  which  the  young  woman  meets 
the  ordeal.  Heyst  has  not  been  sure  of  her 
love,  but  at  the  tragic  climax  every  doubt  is 
swept  from  his  mind,  and  the  two  die  united 
in  soul.  The  story  is  told  with  the  author's 
grim  strength,  and  has  not  a  trace  of  the  senti- 
mental palaver  with  which  a  lesser  writer 
would  beslobber  its  tense  situations.  Has  any 
man  ever  known,  as  this  one  knows,  the  soul  of 
the  human  derelict? 

Mr.  Geoffrey  Corson  is  a  new  writer,  as  far 
as  our  knowledge  goes,  and  if  "  Blue  Blood  and 
Red  "  be  indeed  his  first  performance,  it  is  a 
work  of  remarkable  promise.  In  all  the  essen- 
tials of  good  fiction  —  an  interesting  story, 
creative  characterization,  and  style  —  it  is  so 
far  out  of  the  ordinary  as  to  stand  as  one  of  the 
half-dozen  novels  of  the  season's  output  that 
deserve  to  be  reread  and  remembered.  It  is  a 
story  of  purely  private  interest,  with  Staten 
Island  for  its  scene,  and  with  its  chief  figures 
taken  from  two  contrasting  elements  of  the 
local  society  —  the  aristocratic  Carmichaels 
who  live  on  the  hill,  and  the  plebeian  McCoys 
who  live  on  the  shore.  Patricia  McCoy  is  the 
heroine,  and  Neal  Carmichael  the  hero  of  her 
romantic  dreams;  these  two  are  predestined 
for  one  another,  although  life  becomes  a  com- 
plicated coil  for  both  of  them  before  the  con- 
summation of  their  union.  Neal  is  engaged  to 
Patricia  early  in  the  story,  but  the  charms  of 
Ada  Fleming,  a  heartless  aristocratic  beauty, 
weaken  his  allegiance,  and  Patricia,  realizing 
the  situation,  releases  him  from  his  bond. 
Nothing  less  than  marriage  with  Ada,  and  liv- 
ing with  her  for  some  years,  is  effective  in 


destroying  his  infatuation,  and  making  him 
realize  the  utter  vanity  and  selfishness  of  her 
nature.  Meanwhile,  Patricia  pledges  herself 
to  an  admirer  of  her  own  class,  who  has  long 
pursued  her  with  dog-like  devotion.  Ada's 
renewal  of  her  flirtation  with  the  Englishman 
to  whom  she  had  once  been  engaged  provides 
Neal  with  adequate  grounds  for  divorcing  her, 
after  which  he  renews  his  relations  with  Patri- 
cia, and,  in  a  moment  of  passion,  seduces  her 
—  an  episode  which  we  wish  had  been  spared 
us.  This  leads  to  Patricia's  flight  to  hide  her 
shame,  to  the  birth  of  her  child,  to  her  even- 
tual discovery  by  Neal  in  the  place  of  her 
concealment,  and  to  the  marriage  which  should 
have  taken  place  long  before,  and  which  is  a 
true  union  of  hearts.  The  plot  has  vivacity 
and  dramatic  action,  blending  seriousness  with 
humor,  and  giving  us  the  final  feeling  that  we 
have  been  living  in  the  company  of  real  human 
beings  all  the  time  that  we  have  been  following 
its  involutions.  The  narrative  abounds  in 
passages  of  great  beauty,  for  the  author's  re- 
sources as  a  stylist  are  equal  to  every  emer- 
gency, and  respond  to  all  the  varied  demands 
of  his  web  of  invention.  The  jaded  reviewer, 
working  his  way  through  the  loads  of  mediocre 
rubbish  that  clog  the  yearly  output  of  fiction, 
does  not  often  come  upon  so  rich  a  prize  as  this 
admirable  novel. 

"  La  carriere  ouverte  aux  talents  "  might  be 
the  motto  of  "  The  Ladder,"  by  Mr.  Philip 
Curtiss,  as  it  is  supposed,  generally  speaking, 
to  be  the  watchword  of  life  in  this  Land  of 
Opportunity.  Franklin  Connor  is,  as  the  sub- 
title of  the  novel  calls  him,  "  a  casual  man." 
There  is  nothing  outstanding  in  his  character 
or  ability,  but  he  is  an  expert  base-ball  player, 
and  this  fact,  after  he  runs  away  from  Aunt 
Louise  and  domestic  tyranny,  stands  him  in 
such  stead  that  the  way  is  smoothed  for  him  to 
go  through  college,  although  the  honors  he 
wins  are  anything  but  academic.  Then  he 
enlists  as  a  soldier  in  the  war  with  Spain,  from 
which  he  emerges  unscarred,  but  with  an  offi- 
cer's rank,  which  in  turn  brings  him  political 
honors  at  the  hands  of  a  grateful  common- 
wealth. So  he  climbs  the  social  ladder,  rung 
by  rung,  without  any  apparent  effort,  becomes 
engaged  to  the  wrong  girl  and  eventually  mar- 
ries the  right  one,  and  illustrates  in  his  career 
the  ease  with  which  the  average  American  of 
good  physique  and  commonplace  intelligence 
can  overcome  most  of  life's  handicaps,  and  be- 
come a  successful  citizen  of  the  republic.  The 
story  is  typical  of  our  social  conditions,  and 
for  that  very  reason,  without  recourse  to  the 
sensational,  and  with  only  a  sober  and  un- 
imaginative method  of  narration,  contrives  to 
make  itself  interesting  in  a  prosaic  way,  and  to 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


impose  its  optimistic  mood  upon  the  reader. 
The  only  thing  in  the  hero's  career  which 
strains  credulity  is  the  fact  that  he  is  made  to 
write,  "  off  the  bat,"  and  without  any  technical 
training  whatsoever,  a  play  which  proves  an 
immediate  success,  and  places  his  material  for- 
tunes beyond  the  reach  of  envious  fate. 

The  "Lost  Sheep"  of  Mr.  Vere  Shortt's 
tale  are  the  men  of  the  French  Foreign  Legion. 
Jim  Lingard,  an  Englishman  who  has  squan- 
dered a  fortune  in  riotous  living,  finds  him- 
self reduced  to  his  last  shilling,  and  enlists  in 
the  Legion  as  a  desperate  last  resort.  He  has 
several  years  of  adventurous  service  on  the 
edge  of  the  African  desert,  and  barely  escapes 
with  his  life  from  an  uprising  of  the  fanatical 
Senussi.  The  daughter  of  the  rebel  chief 
teaches  him  the  meaning  of  romance,  and  the 
sacrifice  of  her  life  in  saving  his  provides  an 
element  of  poignant  tragedy.  The  end  of  the 
story  leaves  Lingard,  promoted  for  valor,  quite 
satisfied  with  his  career  and  evidently  deter- 
mined to  remain  an  officer  of  the  Legion  until 
the  inevitable  end  overtakes  him.  The  value 
of  this  book,  aside  from  its  quality  of  pictur- 
esque adventure,  lies  in  its  minute  description 
of  the  life  of  the  Foreign  Legion  —  a  picture 
as  different  as  possible  from  that  given  by 
""  Ouida "  and  other  lady-novelists  of  both 
sexes,  and  evidently  based  upon  an  intimate 
acquaintance  with  the  facts.  The  style  is  dull, 
and  the  invention  anything  but  remarkable, 
but  somehow  a  considerable  degree  of  interest 
is  sustained.  WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS. 

Miss  Fannie  Caldwell  Macaulay,  who  was  known 
as  Frances  Little  when  she  wrote  "  The  Lady  of 
the  Decoration  "  and  evidently  prefers  still  to  be 
called  so,  again  adopts  the  Japan  she  knows  so  well 
for  the  scene  of  "  The  House  of  the  Misty  Star:  A 
Romance  of  Youth  and  Hope  and  Love  in  Old 
Japan  "  ( Century  Co. ) .  The  narrative  is  told  by 
an  old  American  school-teacher  long  resident  near 
a  minor  Japanese  city,  and  its  title  is  the  name  of 
lier  cottage.  To  her  come  a  missionary  blessed  with 
a  faith  that  circumstances  justify  wonderfully,  a 
young  man  who  had  been  so  stricken  with  tropical 
fever  that  he  imagined  himself  to  be  a  criminal,  and 
•the  daughter  of  a  widowed  native  whose  husband 
(the  girl's  father)  was  an  American  artist.  Here 
is  material  for  sentiment  abundant  and  overflowing, 
and  the  author  makes  a  great  deal  of  it.  The  char- 
acters are  drawn  with  a  clearness  that  speaks  well 
for  Miss  Little's  literary  future. 

Pots  and  potters  have  been  beloved  of  literature 
«ver  since  the  primeval  discovery  that  they  could 
lend  so  many  apt  figures  of  speech  to  the  writer's 
tale,  and  there  is  no  sign  of  the  lessening  of  their 
popularity  to  that  end.  The  latest  novel  by  Mr. 
Eden  Phillpotts,  "Brunei's  Tower"  (Macmillan), 
is  the  story  of  an  English  master-potter  who  moulds 


his  work-people  to  his  will  quite  as  he  moulds  and 
shapes  his  vases  and  other  wares.  There  comes  to 
his  factory  a  youthful  fugitive  from  justice,  in 
whom  the  master  sees  material  for  the  making  of  a 
character  valuable  both  to  himself  and  to  the  world. 
The  boy  repays  this  kindness  with  single-minded 
devotion,  even  to  the  doing  of  wrong  that  his 
employer  may  profit.  Reproved  and  driven  out 
for  his  allowing  the  end  to  justify  evil  means,  the 
lad  comes  to  repay  evil  with  good.  While  the 
tragic  ending  is  not  implicit  in  the  story,  all  that 
precedes  it  is  so  ably  written,  and  the  background 
is  so  fully  symbolic  of  the  characters  before  it, 
that  the  book  deserves  high  praise  as  a  piece  of 
literary  artistry. 

The  mountain  people  of  North  Carolina  among 
whom  Mrs.  Payne  Erskine  has  lived  so  many  years 
furnish  a  beautiful  flower-like  creature  for  the  pro- 
tagonist of  "A  Girl  of  the  Blue  Ridge"  (Little, 
Brown  &  Co.),  whose  development  from  a  wild  and 
primitive  savagery  to  beautiful  wifehood  and  moth- 
erhood is  the  theme  of  a  good  story.  Lury  Bab,  at 
the  opening  of  the  tale,  is  as  wild  and  as  beautiful 
in  her  youth  as  a  rhododendron  blossom,  the  child 
of  a  lovely  and  self-sacrificing  mother  and  a  father 
who  lives  by  distilling  illicit  whiskey.  Orphaned  at 
the  beginning  of  the  book,  she  gives  her  love  to  a 
young  man  who  is  wrongfully  accused  of  her 
father's  murder.  Benevolent  sisters  from  the  North 
come  to  live  near  by,  and  under  their  care  she 
develops  to  fine  things.  It  is  a  story  of  skilfully 
contrived  plot  and  incident,  written  out  of  full 
knowledge. 

By  a  somewhat  strained  coincidence  the  daughter 
by  adoption  of  a  New  York  multimillionaire  and  a 
popular  novelist  find  themselves  teaching  in  the 
same  school  in  Pennsylvania.  She  is  seeking  an 
independent  career  outside  the  fashionable  world 
for  herself;  he  is  after  material  for  a  new  Amer- 
ican novel.  This  is  the  basis  for  "  Martha  of  the 
Mennonite  Country"  (Doubleday),  the  latest  of 
Mrs.  Helen  R.  Martin's  novels  dealing  with  an 
exotic  civilization  in  the  heart  of  one  of  the  origi- 
nal colonies.  The  heroine  of  the  story,  however,  is 
not  the  rich  girl  from  the  metropolis,  but  a  sadly 
oppressed  young  woman,  worked  to  death  by  a 
hateful  stepmother.  It  is  with  this  last  disagreeable 
person  that  the  novelist-teacher  boards,  and  it  is 
between  the  stepdaughter  and  him  that  the  romance 
of  the  book  works  out, —  though  the  rich  girl,  after 
the  manner  of  rich  girls,  does  not  go  neglected. 

With  something  of  the  invincible  spirit  of  her 
own  Miss  Abigail,  Miss  Dorothy  Canfield  brings  her 
literary  gifts  to  the  celebration  of  the  small  town 
in  the  book  which  she  calls  "  Hillsboro  People " 
(Holt).  To  that  end  she  marshals  no  fewer  than 
eighteen  incidents  and  episodes  and  essays,  rein- 
forced by  several  poems  on  Vermont  by  Mrs.  Sarah 
N.  Cleghorn.  The  full  flavor  of  New  England  is  in 
them  all,  leaving  the  city  dweller  with  a  sense  of 
impatience  that  he  is  denied  intercourse  with  men 
and  women,  boys  and  girls,  of  so  much  personality 
and  character.  Most  of  us  are  only  a  generation  or 
two  removed  from  much  such  a  life  as  is  here 
painted  in  delicate  colors,  and  the  zest  of  it  is  still 
in  our  minds.  This  is  an  excellent  collection  of 
American  stories. 


386 


THE   DIAL 


[May  13 


Among  recent  novels  which  leave  one  the  better 
at  heart  for  having  read  them,  "  Contrary  Mary  " 
(Penn  Publishing  Co.),  by  Miss  Temple  Bailey, 
deserves  honorable  mention.  The  heroine  is  a  young 
woman  of  ideas  and  determination,  who  is  not 
afraid  of  admiring  men  for  their  manly  qualities. 
Her  family  fortunes  are  at  a  low  ebb  —  so  low  that 
she  welcomes  into  her  household  a  widowed  clerk  in 
government  employment  who  has  lost  heart  in  his 
struggle  with  the  world.  How  she  brings  him  to  a 
realization  of  the  need  for  fighting  honorably  for 
his  real  place  among  men,  rejecting  a  most  eligible 
suitor  meanwhile,  makes  excellent  reading.  The 
scene  is  laid  in  Washington,  with  politics  far  in  the 
background. 

Miss  Alice  Gerstenberg's  novel,  "  The  Conscience 
of  Sarah  Platt"  (McClurg),  is  redolent  of  femin- 
ism and  modern  problems  arising  between  the  sexes 
—  so  much  so  that  it  rather  ceases  to  be  a  novel  at 
times.  It  is  the  story  of  a  timid  woman  who  failed 
to  gain  the  man  she  loved  in  youth,  only  to  meet 
him  and  give  him  her  heart  when  he  returned  to 
her,  an  ill-mated  husband,  twenty-five  years  later. 
Tragedy,  when  the  conscience  is  developed,  is  inher- 
ent in  the  situation.  The  narrative  is  open  to  a 
lawyer's  charge  of  multifariousness,  and  its  mate- 
rial is  imperfectly  assimilated.  But  it  holds  out 
abundant  promise  for  future  success. 

It  was  hardly  to  be  expected  that  the  reader 
should  be  thrilled  by  "Allan  and  the  Holy  Flower  " 
(Longmans)  as  he  was  years  ago  by  Mr.  H.  Rider 
Haggard's  early  tales  of  Africa  and  Allan  Quater- 
main.  But  nevertheless,  this  latest  story  of  adven- 
ture shows  no  diminution  of  imagination.  Interest 
here  centres  about  a  wonderful  orchid,  the  father 
of  all  orchids,  which  is  worshipped  by  a  dwindling 
African  tribe  as  a  god.  The  story  of  how  it  was 
won  through  events  teeming  with  peril,  how  it  was 
lost  in  the  moment  of  seeming  success,  and  how  the 
loss  was  eventually  made  good,  makes  an  exciting 
tale. 

Taking  the  final  campaign  before  Napoleon's 
exile  to  Elba  and  that  following  his  return  down 
through  Waterloo,  the  Rev.  Cyrus  Townsend  Brady 
makes  a  vivid  and  stirring  romance,  "  The  Eagle  of 
the  Empire  "  (Doran) ,  which  is  in  keeping  with  the 
events  of  the  age.  The  hero  is  an  officer  of  the 
Fifth  of  the  Line,  the  heroine  a  daughter  of  the 
noble  house  he  and  his  family  have  served  through 
generations.  Young  Marteau  saves  her  from  worse 
than  death,  to  find  a  rival  in  a  young  English  soldier 
of  station.  The  romance  threads  the  historical 
events  with  considerable  skill,  and  the  result  is  a 
story  fully  absorbing  and  workmanlike. 

A  sequel  to  "  Uncle  Terry  "  has  been  written  by 
Mr.  Charles  Clark  Munn  and  called  "  The  Heart  of 
Uncle  Terry  "  (Lothrop,  Lee  &  Shepard  Co.).  The 
discovery  of  a  pocket  of  tourmalines  on  the  prop- 
erty of  the  old  lighthouseman  brings  success  to  a 
young  man,  deprived  of  most  of  his  heritage  by  his 
step-mother,  and  lends  interest  to  the  winning  of 
the  old  fellow's  adopted  daughter.  It  is  a  homely 
tale  of  New  England,  with  the  Yankee's  desire  to 
get  the  better  of  somebody  rather  too  strongly 
insisted  upon. 


BRIEFS  ox  XE\V  BOOKS. 


Artists  have  painted  the  Golden 
State,  naturalists  have  described 
the  wonders  of  her  mountains 
and  forests,  historians  have  wrought  out  the 
tales  of  her  padres  and  argonauts,  enterprising 
boomers  have  flooded  the  marts  of  the  conti- 
nent with  glowing  accounts  of  her  fertility  and 
her  charms ;  but  it  has  remained  for  the  poet 
really  to  portray  her  inner  secrets.  This  is 
accomplished  by  Mr.  Edwin  Markham,  in  his 
"  California  the  Wonderful "  (Hearst  Co.) .  It 
is  no  new  tale  of  heroic  endeavor  or  unflagging 
enterprise,  no  revelation  of  hitherto  undiscov- 
ered resources,  no  unfrequented  vista  explored 
for  the  first  time ;  but  rather,  that  greatest  of 
all  revelations,  a  human  document  portraying 
the  subtile,  conquering,  compelling  charm 
which  California  exerts  over  her  adopted  sons. 
Mr.  Markham's  book  lives  up  to  its  sub-title. — 
"  her  romantic  history,  her  picturesque  people, 
her  wild  shores,  her  desert  mystery,  her  valley 
loveliness,  her  mountain  glory,  including  her 
varied  resources,  her  commercial  greatness, 
her  intellectual  achievements,  her  expanding 
hopes,  with  glimpses  of  Oregon  and  Washing- 
ton, her  northern  neighbors."  The  work  is 
very  comprehensive ;  Mr.  Markham  deals  with 
the  whole  of  the  great  state, —  not  the  south- 
land only,  as  do  many  tourist  writers ;  he  goes 
far  back  into  the  gray  antiquity  of  the  creative 
fates  for  the  drama  of  the  "  vast  inf ramundane 
activity  "  which  gave  birth  to  the  Sierras  and 
the  Mother  Lode.  He  traces  the  entrance  of 
the  Spaniard,  and  the  inauguration  of  his 
scheme  of  Divine  Practicalism  to  redeem  the 
slothful  and  backward  Indian  from  damnation 
and  degeneracy.  He  relates  the  mad  rush  of 
gold-seekers  which  forever  wiped  "maiiana" 
from  the  calendar,  put  the  gringo  in  the  saddle 
of  the  Spanish  cavalier,  and  ended  the  pastoral 
era.  His  accounts  of  the  overland  trail  and  of 
the  days  of  '49  are  particularly  vivid  and  real- 
istic, for  his  own  boyhood  days  were  a  part  of 
that  great  drama.  The  same  intimate  contact 
with  the  California  of  yesterday  and  to-day  is 
revealed  in  his  pages  recounting  the  rapidly 
changing  development  of  her  industries  and 
agriculture,  the  transformation  of  untilled. 
ranch  into  the  orchard  watered  by  mountain 
snows,  the  marvellously  successful  growth  of 
cooperative  enterprise,  the  redemption  of  the 
desert,  the  story  of  alfalfa,  and  the  welding 
into  one  people  of  the  most  cosmopolitan  group 
of  American  citizens.  The  author  is  at  his  best 
in  his  poetic  but  pithy  description  of  the  gray- 
draped  city  of  St.  Francis, —  a  city  which  "  has 
an  individuality,  a  glamour  that  has  stirred 
the  imagination  of  the  world,  the  ultimate  out- 
post of  the  passion  of  progress."  The  book  is 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


387 


unique  also  in  its  comprehensive  and  critical 
estimate  of  intellectual  California,  in  the  gal- 
axy of  which  the  author  himself  is  no  minor 
luminary.  The  poetic  turns,  the  vivid  and  illu- 
minating imagery  of  the  language,  and  the 
flowing  rhythm  of  these  pages  are  a  worthy 
tribute  to  the  beauty  and  romance  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

charter  making  In  his  "Municipal  Charters:  A 
for  American  Discussion  of  the  Essentials  01 

municipalities.  Forms    or 


Models  for  Adoption"  (Harvard  University 
Press),  Mr.  Nathan  Matthews  has  provided 
framers  of  municipal  constitutions  and  stu- 
dents of  municipal  government  with  a  con- 
venient and  practical  handbook  of  charter 
making.  The  author  is  an  ex-mayor  of  Boston, 
past  chairman  of  the  Boston  Finance  Com- 
mission, and  lecturer  on  municipal  govern- 
ment in  Harvard  University.  There  are  few 
men  in  the  United  States  whose  knowledge  of 
the  theory  of  municipal  government  is  so 
abundantly  supplemented  and  tempered  by 
prolonged  experience  in  city  administration. 
The  principal  thesis  of  Mr.  Matthews  's  book, 
namely,  that  municipal  charters  in  the  United 
States  are,  as  a  rule,  poorly  drawn,  and  that 
good  government  in  a  city  presupposes  a 
charter  of  proper  proportions  and  precision, 
is  not  difficult  to  maintain.  The  tendency  has 
been  very  general  to  overload  charters  with 
details,  although  the  principal  defect  in  some 
instances  is  rather  the  lack  of  detail.  Dis- 
proportionate space  is  often  given  to  certain 
subjects,  and  more  recent  charters  exhibit 
especially  the  fault  of  over-emphasis  upon 
political  machinery,  while  administrative 
methods  receive  inadequate  attention.  There 
is  too  much  hasty  re-enactment  and  copying 
of  the  provisions  of  earlier  charters,  or  of  the 
charters  of  other  cities,  whereby  defects  as 
well  as  virtues  are  perpetuated  and  spread. 
There  is  little  uniformity  of  language  or 
arrangement,  and  there  is  commonly  an  un- 
necessary amount  of  repetition.  The  two 
principles,  chiefly,  which  it  is  insisted  should 
govern  in  the  making  of  city  charters  are  (1) 
that  all  matters  which  affect  citizens  of  the 
State  as  such,  rather  than  as  members  of  a 
particular  city,  should  be  left  to  be  controlled 
through  general  legislation,  rather  than  in  the 
city  charter;  and  (2)  that  the  political  fea- 
tures of  a  charter  should  not  be  permitted  to 
overshadow,  or  imperil  the  operation  of,  the 
more  important  provisions  relating  to  the 
administration  of  the  city  business.  Hundreds 
of  city  charters,  it  is  affirmed,  have  brought 
disappointment  to  their  authors  because  their 
administrative  provisions  have  been  inade- 
quate. "Simplicity  of  political  structure, 


accompanied  by  thoroughness  in  the  admin- 
istrative details,  must  be  the  basis  of  charter 
reform."  The  volume  closes  with  full  drafts 
of  city  charters  of  two  leading  kinds,  namely, 
the  responsible  executive  type  and  the  com- 
mission type. 


The  future 
granary  of 
the  world. 


The  latent  and  as  yet  scarcely 
developed  resources  of  Russia's 
great  Hinterland  challenge  the 
interest  of  the  reader  of  Dr.  Fridtjof  Nan- 
sen's  "Through  Siberia:  The  Land  of  the 
Future"  (Stokes),  and  lead  him  to  speculate 
as  to  the  possibilities  of  the  influence  of  this 
storehouse  of  food  for  the  civilized  world 
when  once  transportation  shall  flood  the  mar- 
kets of  the  continent  with  its  meat,  fish,  and 
grain.  Already  140,000  tons  of  Siberian  but- 
ter go  annually  to  London  and  Paris.  The 
aim  of  Dr.  Nansen's  tour  across  the  Kara  Sea 
and  up  the  Yenesei  was  to  test  out  the  possi- 
bility of  a  steamship  route  in  midsummer 
which  would  connect  with  river  steamers  on 
the  Yenesei  and  thus  afford  an  outlet  to  the 
markets  of  Europe  for  the  produce  of  Sibe- 
rian farms.  Russian  colonization  in  Siberia 
since  the  Russo-Japanese  War  has  been  fos- 
tered by  the  Government,  and  has  grown  so 
rapidly  that  the  question  of  transportation 
and  markets  is  pressing  for  solution.  The 
author  advocates  scientific  surveys  of  the  ad- 
jacent Arctic  waters,  the  extension  of  the 
wireless  services,  and  the  use  of  aeroplanes  to 
give  prompt  information  of  the  opening  of 
navigation,  and  of  the  location  of  ice  lanes 
for  the  guidance  of  mariners  who  will  use  this 
sea  route  from  Europe  to  the  estuaries  of  the 
Obi  and  Yenesei, —  a  route  little  used  but  long 
known  to  hardy  Norse  skippers.  He  contin- 
ued his  journey  along  the  Trans-Siberian 
Railway  to  the  Pacific  at  Vladivostok,  re- 
turning through  the  new  Russian  line  in  the 
Amur  country.  His  book  thus  gives  a  bird's- 
eye  view  of  "this  boundless  land,  mighty  as 
the  ocean  itself,  with  its  infinite  plains  and 
mountains,  its  frozen  Arctic  coast,  its  free  and 
desolate  tundra,  its  deep,  mysterious  taiga, 
from  the  Ural  to  the  Pacific,  its  grass  grown 
rolling  steppes,  its  purple  wooded  hills,  and 
its  little  scattered  patches  of  human  life." 
The  agricultural  and  mining  possibilities,  the 
political  and  social  problems,  the  economic 
and  industrial  aspects  of  Siberia  are  here 
summed  up  by  a  trained  scientific  mind 
keenly  alert  to  the  significance  of  the  passing 
landscape,  the  mushroom  towns  of  the  chang- 
ing frontier,  and  the  invading  yellow  hordes 
of  Coreans  and  Chinese  increasing  in  the 
East,  from  sixteen  to  twenty-four  per  cent  of 
total  population  in  less  than  four  years.  The 


388 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  13 


author  has  no  fear  that  the  colonization  of 
this  inland  empire  will  lead  to  the  deteriora- 
tion of  the  Russian  stock,  as  it  did  to  that  of 
Rome  and  Spain  and  now  threatens  that  of 
Great  Britain.  The  contiguity  of  the  land, 
the  great  mass  of  the  Russian  population,  and 
the  easy  transfer  of  the  Russian  culture  intact 
to  these  new  lands  all  seem  to  insure  the  in- 
tegrity of  the  Russian  nation  and  people  in 
this  expansion  to  the  East.  Her  mission  here 
is,  so  this  veteran  explorer  believes,  to  be  the 
bulwark  of  Europe  against  the  "Yellow 
Peril."  Maps  and  a  large  number  of  excel- 
lent illustrations  from  photographs  make  even 
more  real  this  illuminating  picture  of  this 
future  granary  of  the  world. 

An  iconoclastic  Tt  is  difficult  to  understand  the 
study  of  Lowell  intellectual  temper  of  a  student 
of  literature  who  devotes  an 
entire  volume  to  showing  the  deficiencies  of  an 
author ;  it  is  more  difficult  still  when  he  bases 
his  attack  on  the  denial  of  qualities  which 
perhaps  no  discriminating  reader  ever  imag- 
ined the  author  possessed.  Yet  this  is  what 
Dr.  Joseph  J.  Reilly  has  done  in  "  James  Rus- 
sell Lowell  as  a  Critic  "  (Putnam).  It  is  true 
that  Lowell,  after  his  enthusiastic  recognition 
in  England,  was  sometimes  over-praised,  and 
sometimes  praised  for  the  wrong  things.  But 
his  greatest  admirers  have  always  been  those 
who  felt  the  charm  of  his  personality,  and 
who  read  his  critical  essays  as  the  personal 
comments  of  one  who  knew  literature  and 
knew  life,  and  who  was  above  all  a  charming 
and  high-souled  man.  It  needs  no  elaborate 
series  of  citations  to  inform  these  readers  that 
the  essays  are  often  whimsical,  discursive,  and 
rambling,  or  that  they  abound  in  contradic- 
tions arising  from  the  approach  to  a  subject 
from  different  angles,  or  from  the  discussion 
of  the  same  subject  in  different  moods.  In 
Lowell's  life-time,  indeed,  these  contradictions 
troubled  critics  to  whom  consistency  was  a 
hobgoblin,  and  several  of  those  emphasized  by 
Dr.  Reilly  are  found  in  Wilkinson's  list  pub- 
lished more  than  forty  years  ago.  Nor  will 
the  most  grateful  readers  of  Lowell  deny  Dr. 
Reilly's  other  chief  theses  —  that  "  his  taste 
was  intuitive,"  that  "  he  lacked  philosophical 
depth  of  mind,"  and  that  he  did  not  evolve  a 
critical  method  like  that  of  Arnold  and  Sainte- 
Beuve.  Dr.  Reilly  cites  passages  to  show  that 
Lowell  himself  was  fully  aware  of  most  or  all 
of  these  limitations.  The  conclusion  that 
Lowell  was  not  a  critic  begs  the  question  with 
a  definition,  and  can  only  mean  that  Lowell 
was  not  a  sort  of  critic  that  he  never  claimed 
to  be  and  that  his  closest  readers  never  imag- 
ined him  to  be.  The  book  is,  throughout,  un- 


sympathetic in  tone,  and  sometimes  seems 
unfair  in  its  interpretation  of  Lowell's  per- 
sonality; but  the  author  takes  such  evident 
joy  in  demolishing  his  man  of  straw  that  not 
even  Lowell's  most  enthusiastic  friends  could 
grudge  him  the  pleasure. 


The  pilot 

of  Britain's 
war  destinies. 


The     firSt     fe.W     Pa^6S      °f     Mr> 

Harold  Begbic's  little  book  on 
«  Kitchener,  Organizer  of  Vic- 
tory "  (Houghton)  may  lead  the  reader  to  con- 
clude that  it  is  merely  a  piece  of  laudatory 
writing  with  no  substance  or  value  as  a  biog- 
raphy. In  part  this  is  true:  Mr.  Begbie's 
book  is  in  no  sense  a  biography,  it  is  a  mere 
sketch  of  Kitchener's  career,  written  appar- 
ently for  the  purpose  of  accounting  for  the 
great  faith  that  Englishmen  seem  to  have  in 
the  present  occupant  of  the  war-office.  The 
sketch  is  not  very  laudatory,  however,  and  the 
praise  that  Mr.  Begbie  does  award  his  hero  is 
of  such  a  character  that  even  a  modest  man 
like  Lord  Kitchener  is  not  likely  to  be  pleased 
with  it.  The  author  describes  his  hero  as  a 
slow,  heavy,  somewhat  dull  man,  with  great 
talents  as  an  administrator,  but  otherwise  not 
possessed  of  striking  abilities.  "  Kitchener  is 
by  no  means,  for  instance,  a  great  general. 
Again,  his  statesmanship  has  never  advanced 
out  of  gun  range,  because  it  is  entirely  without 
the  genius  that  trusts  humanity.  In  conse- 
quence he  is  something  of  a  bungler,  something 
of  a  blunderer."  The  general's  present  posi- 
tion is  due  to  what  Mr.  Begbie  calls  the 
"  Kitchener  legend,"  to  which  he  devotes  a 
chapter.  The  Kitchener  legend,  he  tells  us, 
grew  out  of  the  work  of  a  brilliant  newspaper 
correspondent,  who  in  a  London  paper  "  de- 
scribed the  famous  march  to  Khartoum,  filling 
the  grey  commercial  atmosphere  of  London 
with  the  rich  colours  of  the  East,  with  the 
exciting  adventure  of  war,  and  with  the  still 
more  exciting  sensation  of  anxiety."  It  seems 
to  be  Mr.  Begbie's  opinion  that  this  legendary 
character  is  far  -more  useful  in  the  present 
crisis  than  the  real  Kitchener,  as  it  gives  the 
English  public  the  confidence  in  the  govern- 
ment that  is  needed  above  everything  else. 
The  volume  is  illustrated  with  eight  photo- 
graphs of  Lord  Kitchener  taken  at  various 
periods  of  life  and  in  various  costumes,  civil, 
military,  Oriental,  and  academic. 


Oldandnew 


The    subject    of   the    Hartford- 

J  tn-ic, 

Lamson  lectures  tor  lyld  was 
modern  India.  «  Modern  Religious  Movements 
in  India,"  and  the  lecturer  was  Mr.  J.  N.  Far- 
quhar,  M.A.,  who  had  been  a  wrorker  in  India 
for  more  than  twenty  years.  He  gave  eight 
addresses,  which  have  been  carefully  edited 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


389 


and  are  now  available  in  book  form  (Macmil- 
lan) .  Fortunately,  Mr.  Farquhar  has  not  only 
had  a  varied  and  valuable  experience  in  the 
land  about  which  he  writes,  but  also  brings  to 
bear  sound  methods  of  investigation  and  pre- 
sentation, with  the  natural  result  that  he  has 
given  us  a  thoughtful  and  useful  volume. 
After  a  brief  but  serviceable  historical  out- 
line, he  enters  upon  a  discussion  of  the  "  Move- 
ments Favoring  Vigorous  Reform,"  such  as  the 
Brahma  Samaj.  Then  he  turns  to  "Reform 
Checked  by  Defence  of  the  Old  Faiths,"  and 
under  this  general  caption  he  writes  about  the 
Arya  Samaj,  the  Vedic  Mission,  and  nine  simi- 
lar movements.  In  the  fourth  chapter  he  treats 
of  the  "  Full  Defence  of  the  Old  Religions," 
with  such  subdivisions  as  Sectarian  Move- 
ments in  Hinduism,  the  Parsees,  Sectarian 
Universities,  and  so  forth.  However,  for  most 
readers  the  two  most  attractive  and  suggestive 
chapters  will  prove  to  be  those  on  "  Religious 
Nationalism "  and  "  Social  Reform  and  Ser- 
vice," not  because  they  are  more  carefully  writ- 
ten than  the  others,  but  from  the  nature  of 
their  subjects.  In  these  sections,  and  indeed 
in  all,  Mr.  Farquhar  insists  that  there  has  been 
a  steady  advance  of  the  old  faiths,  and  that 
all  the  reformation  and  revivification  has  been 
due  essentially  to  Christianity:  "While  the 
shaping  forces  here,  have  been  many,  Chris- 
tianity has  ruled  the  development  through- 
out." (Italics  in  the  text.)  Naturally  this  is 
a  large  question,  which  we  may  not  discuss; 
but  it  assuredly  is  one  that  every  student  of 
world  history  must  find  absorbingly  interest- 
ing. We  have  just  one  serious  complaint 
against  our  author,  and  that  is  for  wasting  so 
many  pages  on  his  circumstantial  exposure  of 
the  frauds  of  Madame  Blavatsky  and  some  of 
the  other  Theosophists.  Of  course  his  arraign- 
ment is  most  convincing;  but  these  vapid 
iniquities  needed  no  further  flaying  for  the 
class  of  readers  to  whom  the  present  volume 
will  appeal,  and  the  space  thus  squandered 
might  have  been  utilized  for  a  more  extended 
treatment  of  the  "  Servants  of  India  Society/' 
for  instance,  or  half  a  dozen  other  interest- 
ing and  significant  topics.  The  illustrations, 
chiefly  portraits,  are  excellent. 


The  story  of 

Belgium's 

martyrdom. 


Dr.  Charles  Sarolea,  who  has  for 
twelve  years  been  Belgian  con- 
sul in  Edinburgh,  has  written 
movingly  of  the  martyrdom  of  his  native  land 
in  a  book  entitled,  "  How  Belgium  Saved  Eu- 
rope "  (Lippincott).  Americans,  to  whom  the 
German  invasion  of  that  busy  and  contented 
land  is  the  great  unforgettable  and  unforgiv- 
able fact  of  the  war,  will  read  with  absorbed 
interest  this  plain  unvarnished  tale  which 


needs  neither  exaggeration  nor  rhetoric  to 
bring  it  home  to  men's  bosoms.  The  author 
writes  with  restraint,  though  his  indignation 
at  times  comes  close  to  the  surface.  Having 
been  himself  an  eye-witness  of  the  first  four 
weeks  of  the  war,  he  is  able  to  describe  vividly 
those  momentous  operations  around  Liege, 
Malines,  and  Namur  which  had  such  a  far- 
reaching  effect  on  the  whole  Western  cam- 
paign. It  is  his  profound  conviction  that  Bel- 
gium has  fought  in  defence  not  only  of  her 
own  independence  but  also  of  the  liberties  of 
Europe  and  the  sanctity  of  international  law. 
In  strict  honor  she  was  not  bound  to  resist  to 
the  bitter  end.  After  the  first  defence  had  been 
broken  down,  she  might  well  have  concluded 
an  armistice  with  the  enemy  and  thereby  have 
tried  to  save  herself  from  the  horrors  of  a  Ger- 
man occupation.  In  so  doing  she  would  have 
fulfilled  her  treaty  obligations  and  have  satis- 
fied the  dictates  of  honor.  But  with  a  lofty 
political  idealism  and  a  touch  of  that  mystical 
temper  which  we  see  in  her  great  writers 
Maeterlinck  and  Verhaeren,  she  chose  to  lay 
down  her  life  for  her  friends.  She  did  not 
even  complain  when  the  Allies  failed  to  come 
to  her  aid  in  time.  Dr.  Sarolea  is  fully  cog- 
nizant now  of  the  reasons  for  that  failure, — 
the  lack  of  preparation  and  the  French  tacti- 
cal blunder  in  attempting  a  premature  thrust 
in  Alsace ;  but  he  points  out  that  at  the  time 
the  delay  not  only  made  the  Belgians  heart- 
sick with  deferred  hope  but  also  seriously  up- 
set their  military  plans.  The  author  himself 
witnessed  certain  German  atrocities,  which  he 
describes  without  comment,  preferring  to 
dwell  on  officially  authorized  instances  of  ter- 
rorism, such  as  the  destruction  of  Louvain  and 
Dinant.  

A  satire  and  some  Mr-  Henry  Arthur  Jones,  the 
one-act  plays  by  veteran  English  playwright,  has 
commemorated  his  last  winter's 
visit  to  the  United  States  by  the  publication 
of  three  one-act  plays  and  a  burlesque  narra- 
tive, in  a  volume  called  "  The  Theatre  of 
Ideas"  (Doran).  The  little  dramas  have  all 
the  ready  cleverness  of  technique  that  Mr. 
Jones's  long  practical  experience  with  the 
stage  has  perfected.  Their  reader  will  not 
expect  or  find  in  them  much  stimulus  in  the 
way  of  thought,  or  much  revelation  of  new 
methods  in  character  study  (although  in  the 
brief  Cornish  tragedy,  "  Grace  Mary,"  there  is 
real  human  feeling  beneath  the  banal  story)  ; 
their  author  has  lived  through  his  experi- 
mental period,  and  shows  himself  here  as  an 
accomplished  craftsman  rather  than  as  an  un- 
wearied and  growing  artist.  Indeed,  in  the 
burlesque  which  gives  the  book  its  title,  he 
reveals  himself  quite  definitely  and  intention- 


390 


THE    DIAL 


[  May  13 


ally  as  the  good-naturedly  cynical  foe  of  the 
intensely  self-conscious  younger  school  of 
dramatists  who  study  parliamentary  Blue- 
Books  to  find  material  for  their  plays  and  who 
seem  to  Mr.  Jones  to  be  merely  rocking  ener- 
getically back  and  forth  on  a  hobby  Pegasus 
and  hacking  wildly  with  blunt  wooden  swords 
at  whatever  ancient  convention  or  human  tra- 
dition comes  within  reach  of  their  arms. 
Universal  suffrage,  universal  peace,  universal 
panaceas  of  all  sorts,  he  mocks  in  a  serio- 
comic style,  so  much  heavier  than  witty  in  its 
general  effect  that  it  hardly  prepares  one  for 
the  swift  concluding  explosion  that  wrecks 
the  Theatre  of  Ideas,  the  School  attached  to 
it,  and  all  its  votaries.  The  ridicule  is  neither 
bitter  nor  pointed  enough  to  leave  a  sting ;  its 
neutral  tone  is  perhaps  but  the  inevitable  re- 
flection of  the  American  atmosphere  in  which 
Mr.  Jones  conceived  and  wrote  it  as  a  half- 
jesting  expression  of  some  of  the  follies  he 
hopes  to  see  destroyed  by  the  Great  War. 

studies  in  The  volume  of ' '  Canadian  Essays 

Canadian  politics  and  Addresses "  (Longmans),  by 

and  education.         T»    •       •       i      T>   j.  j»     •» «-   /-*  -11 

Principal  Peterson  of  McGill 
University,  Montreal,  is  divided  into  two 
broad  sections:  the  first  dealing  with  Canada's 
external  relations,  and  the  second  devoted  to 
educational  questions.  The  addresses  on  Im- 
perialism, Canada's  Naval  Policy,  her  rela- 
tions with  the  rest  of  the  Empire,  and  with 
the  United  States,  have  an  immediate  interest 
in  this  period  of  world-wide  upheaval.  Prin- 
cipal Peterson  is  an  Imperialist,  but  not  in 
any  narrow  sense.  The  federation  of  the 
British  Empire  he  looks  forward  to  is  one  that 
will  make  for  mutual  understanding  and  help- 
fulness among  its  scattered  members,  without 
the  sacrifice  of  any  essential  principles  of  self- 
government.  No  intelligent  onlooker  can  very 
well  doubt  that  one  of  the  better  products  of 
this  disastrous  war  will  be  a  readjustment  of 
the  relations  between  Canada  and  the  other 
self-governing  Dominions  and  the  Mother 
Land.  The  part  Canada,  Australia,  and  New 
Zealand  are  taking  in  the  war,  and  the  sig- 
nificant utterances  of  responsible  statesmen 
both  in  England  and  in  the  Overseas  Do- 
minions, make  it  clear  that  some  means  will 
be  found  of  giving  the  outlying  portions  of 
the  British  Empire  a  voice  in  all  questions  of 
foreign  policy,  and  all  matters  affecting  the 
Empire  as  a  whole.  In  the  second  division  of 
his  book,  Dr.  Peterson  discusses,  from  the 
point  of  view  of  a  broad-minded  and  experi- 
enced educationalist,  such  vital  questions  as 
"National  Education,"  "The  Place  of  the 
University  in  the  Commercial  City,"  "Educa- 
tion and  Business,"  and  the  "Claims  of  Clas- 
sical Studies  in  Modern  Education." 


A  roiling  stone  Autobiography  anonymously 
that  gathered  written  brings  up  some  curious 
questions  of  psychology.  The 
author  must  feel  that  his  career  is  interesting 
to  the  general  public,  or  he  would  not  describe 
it;  yet  he  seeks  to  avoid  the  fame  his  book 
might  bring  him,  perhaps  for  the  sake  of 
greater  freedom  in  telling  the  story  of  his  life. 
"  Getting  a  Wrong  Start "  (Macmillan)  first 
appeared  as  a  serial  in  the  most  popular  of 
American  weeklies  a  year  ago.  Then,  as  now, 
the  author's  name  was  not  disclosed.  But  there 
is  manifestly  only  one  American  writer  whose 
life  fits  into  the  facts  here  revealed.  That 
writer  is  Mr.  Emerson  Hough,  whose  biog- 
raphy in  "  Who's  Who  in  America  "  checks  up 
in  detail  with  the  present  book.  The  title  of 
the  volume  indicates  that  the  writer  believes 
himself  to  have  begun  life  badly.  The  reader 
may  differ  from  him  with  abundant  justifica- 
tion. He  tried  a  number  of  things,  in  our 
national  manner,  before  he  discovered  his  fit- 
ness for  authorship, —  law  and  journalism 
among  them.  In  this  way  he  served  his  ap- 
prenticeship, working  hard  and  intelligently. 
When  he  came  to  the  age  of  forty  he  wrote  his 
first  fiction.  Since  that  time  —  and  he  is  now 
in  his  fifty-eighth  year  —  his  success  has  been 
marked;  so  marked  indeed,  that  what  he  re- 
gards as  a  warning  may  well  serve  as  an  exam- 
ple. Especially  interesting  is  his  account  of 
his  marriage  and  wedded  life ;  this,  too,  seems 
to  justify  the  wisdom  of  arriving  at  full  matur- 
ity before  plunging. 


BRIEFER  MENTION. 


Two  volumes  recently  added  to  the  "  Handy  Vol- 
ume Classics"  (Crowell)  are  "The  Twelve  Best 
Tales  by  English  Writers,"  selected  by  Mr.  Adam 
L.  Gowans,  and  "  The  Best  English  and  Scottish 
Ballads,"  selected  by  Mr.  Edward  A.  Bryant.  In 
both  volumes  the  selections  are  discriminating ;  and 
the  titles  are  useful  additions  to  a  convenient  and 
inexpensive  series. 

For  the  busy  teacher  or  mother,  Dr.  William 
Byron  Forbush's  "  Manual  of  Play  "  (Jacobs)  con- 
tains many  practical  suggestions  for  free  play 
among  children  which  will  prove  stimulating  and 
helpful.  Complete  directions  for  a  large  number  of 
games  are  included.  Throughout  the  volume  runs 
a  note  of  faith  in  the  value  of  keeping  alive  the 
play-spirit  among  the  adults  to  whom  is  entrusted 
the  guidance  of  the  child. 

Mr.  H.  Addington  Bruce  lias  put  together  a  series 
of  detached  and  superficial  essays  under  the  irrele- 
vant title  of  "  Psychology  and  Parenthood " 
(Dodd) .  Skimming  along  the  "  popular  "  waves  of 
interest  in  defective  or  precocious  children,  in  hys- 
teria and  fear,  in  theories  of  laughter,  of  the  sub- 
conscious, and  of  the  genesis  of  genius,  the  book  is 
made  by  culling-  the  most  sensational  aspects  of  the 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


391 


unusual  cases.  It  contains  material  useful  and  use- 
less, correct  and  false,  pertinent  and  impertinent; 
it  is  uncritical  in  treatment  and  weak  in  motive. 
Such  books  may  do  some  good  by  stimulating  inter- 
est and  more  harm  by  satisfying  it. 

In  "  Discoveries  and  Inventions  of  the  Twentieth 
Century"  (Button),  Mr.  Edward  Cressy  has  pre- 
pared a  useful  companion  volume  to  Routledge's 
popular  manual  covering  the  same  field  for  the 
preceding  century.  So  rapid  has  been  the  increase 
of  scientific  activity  that  considerations  of  space 
have  led  Mr.  Cressy  to  modify  in  part  the  plan  of 
the  original  and  to  select  for  his  non-technical  dis- 
cussions only  the  characteristic  results  of  inventive 
enterprise  during  the  last  twenty-five  years.  While 
the  book  is  adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  many  rather 
than  of  the  specialist,  the  author,  with  judicious 
discrimination,  has  given  to  each  topic  a  far  more 
comprehensive  account  than  is  usually  found  in 
handbooks  prepared  for  the  "  average  man." 

In  "The  True  Ulysses  S.  Grant"  (Lippincott) , 
General  Charles  King  has  undertaken  to  digest 
for  the  general  reader  the  enormous  amount  of 
biographical  literature  devoted  to  the  career  of 
General  Grant.  The  result  is  a  very  well-written 
biography,  in  which  the  narrative  of  military 
affairs  is  related  in  untechnical  fashion  and  is 
wisely  subordinated  to  the  account  of  Grant's  life 
taken  as  a  whole.  Throughout  the  book  there  runs 
a  frank  hero-worship,  for  which  the  critical  reader 
must  make  kindly  allowance.  Especially  will  this 
consideration  be  demanded  in  that  brief  part  of  the 
work  which  treats  of  Grant's  two  terms  as  Prest 
dent,  and  in  the  chapter  which  tells  of  his  relations 
with  Andrew  Johnson.  The  plan  of  the  series  in 
which  the  volume  appears  permits  no  footnotes, 
and  there  is  no  attempt  at  a  bibliography ;  but  there 
is  a  good  index,  and  the  work  is  well  illustrated. 

The  perplexing  allusion,  such  as  one  so  often 
encounters  in  Lowell's  learned  page  or  Matthew 
Arnold's  polished  essay,  will  always  be  with  us,  or 
at  least  until  writers  choose  to  make  their  style  as 
bald  and  unattractive  as  that  of  a  textbook  on 
arithmetic  or  geography.  Hence  the  need  of  such 
books  as  Miss  Florence  M.  Hopkins's  "  Allusions, 
Words,  and  Phrases  that  Should  be  Known,  and 
Where  to  Find  Them,"  a  revised  and  improved 
edition  of  her  earlier  "Allusions  Which  Every 
High  School  Student  Should  Know."  Nearly  fifty 
pages  of  not  uncommon  though  not  too  obvious 
allusions,  with  indications  of  easily  accessible 
sources  of  information  concerning  them,  have  been 
carefully  prepared,  and  each  printed  page  is  faced 
by  a  blank  one  for  additional  entries  on  the  stu- 
dent's part.  It  is  encouraging  to  learn  from  the 
author  that  she  has  been  induced  by  the  reception 
of  her  former  work  to  prepare  this  second  and 
more  maturely  considered  treatise  in  the  same  field. 
Our  younger  writers  betray  their  rawness  (if  that 
be  not  too  harsh  a  term)  in  nothing  so  much  as  the 
thinness,  the  poverty,  the  unallusiveness  of  their 
style.  Miss  Hopkins  is  librarian  of  the  Detroit 
Central  High  School,  and  her  book  may  be  had  of 
the  Willard  Company,  of  that  city.  She  has  in 
preparation  a  work  on  "  Reference  Guides  That 
Should  be  Known." 


Mr.  Frank  Harris's  "  Contemporary  Portraits  " 
will  be  published  next  month  by  Mr.  Mitchell 
Kennerley. 

A  play  by  Mr.  Louis  J.  Block,  entitled  "  The 
Judge,"  is  soon  to  be  published  by  The  Gorham 
Press  of  Boston. 

"  Michael  O'Halloran  "  is  the  title  of  Mrs.  Gene 
Stratton-Porter's  new  novel  which  will  be  issued  in 
August  by  Messrs.  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co. 

A  new  edition  of  M.  Maeterlinck's  "  Three  Little 
Dramas  for  Marionettes "  is  promised  for  early 
publication.  The  volume  has  been  out  of  print  for 
several  years. 

Sir  Gilbert  Parker  has  completed  his  book  on  the 
making  and  conduct  of  the  war,  and  it  will  probably 
be  ready  next  month  under  the  title  of  "  The  World 
in  the  Crucible." 

Mr.  J.  A.  Fuller-Maitland's  new  work,  "  The 
Consort  of  Music :  A  Study  of  Interpretation  and 
Ensemble,"  will  be  published  by  the  Oxford  Uni- 
versity Press  in  a  few  weeks. 

"  The  Dawn,"  a  play  by  the  Belgian  poet  M. 
Emile  Verhaeren,  will  appear  this  month  in  a  spe- 
cial edition  from  the  press  of  Messrs.  Small, 
Maynard  &  Co.  The  volume  will  contain  an  intro- 
duction by  Mr.  Arthur  Syrnons. 

Among  the  May  publications  of  Messrs.  Doran 
are  "  The  Invisible  Event,"  the  concluding  volume 
of  the  Jacob  Stahl  trilogy  by  Mr.  J.  D.  Beresford, 
"  The  Rat-pit,"  by  Mr.  Patrick  MacGill,  and  "  The 
Lie,"  a  one-act  play  by  Mr.  Henry  Arthur  Jones. 

Something  of  the  warm  attachment  that  existed 
between  the  two  highly  gifted  brothers,  Sidney  and 
Clifford  A.  Lanier,  is  said  to  be  revealed  in  a  vol- 
ume of  verse  by  the  latter,  which  will  be  published 
under  the  title  of  "  Sonnets  to  Sidney  Lanier,  and 
Other  Lyrics." 

As  a  result  of  the  welcome  which  M.  Artziba- 
shef's  novel  "  Sanine  "  has  received  in  this  country, 
Mr.  B.  W.  Huebsch  has  arranged  to  bring  out  all 
of  this  author's  fiction.  The  next  volume  to  appear 
will  be  "  The  Millionaire,"  containing  one  short  and 
two  long  stories. 

The  sixth  volume  of  the  illustrated  edition  of 
Macaulay's  "History  of  England,"  which  Messrs. 
Macmillan  will  have  ready  this  month,  completes 
a  work  which  has  been  appearing  quarterly  under 
the  editorship  of  Professor  C.  H.  Firth  since 
November,  1913. 

It  is  impossible  to  foresee  the  influence  of  the 
great  war  on  English  literature  in  the  future.  Some 
of  the  precedents  are  dealt  with  by  Professor  E. 
de  Selincourt  in  a  volume  of  lectures  about  to  be 
published  by  the  Oxford  University  Press  under  the 
title  of  "  English  Poets  and  the  National  Ideal." 

Mr.  Balfour's  Gifford  lectures  on  "  Theism  and 
Humanity  "  will  be  ready  for  publication  shortly. 
Messrs.  Hodder  &  Stoughton  received  the  complete 
manuscript  from  Mr.  Balfour  a  short  time  ago,  and 
they  anticipate  that  even  in  these  stirring  times  the 
book  will  give  rise  to  a  good  deal  of  discussion. 


392 


THE   DIAL 


[May  IS 


Immediately  forthcoming  volumes  in  the  "  Home 
University  Library "  are :  "  Belgium,"  by  Mr. 
R.  C.  K.  Ensor;  "A  History  of  Philosophy,"  by 
Mr.  Clement  C.  J.  Webb;  "Political  Thought: 
From  Herbert  Spencer  to  the  Present  Day,"  by 
Mr.  Ernest  Baker;  "  Milton,"  by  Mr.  John  Bailey; 
and  "  The  Negro,"  by  Mr.  W.  E.  B.  Du  Bois. 

Two  noteworthy  volumes  of  impressions  and 
experiences  of  the  European  war  are  soon  to  be 
published  in  Mr.  Will  Irwin's  "  Men,  Women,  and 
War "  and  Mr.  Frederick  Palmer's  "  Personal 
Phases  of  the  War."  Mr.  Irwin  started  for  the 
war  three  days  after  it  broke  out,  returning  in 
November  to  organize  the  Commission  for  Relief 
in  Belgium. 

More  than  two  hundred  confidential  military 
dispatches  to  President  Jefferson  Davis  from 
General  Robert  E.  Lee,  which  historians  feared 
were  hopelessly  lost  but  which  have  been  brought 
to  light  by  Mr.  Wymberley  Jones  De  Renne  of 
Georgia,  are  to  be  issued  this  month  by  Messrs. 
Putnam.  The  volume  is  edited  by  Dr.  Douglas 
Southall  Freeman. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  PennelFs  book  on  lithog- 
raphy, soon  to  be  published,  contains  chapters  on 
the  history  of  the  art  by  Mrs.  Pennell,  together  with 
a  description  and  technical  explanations  of  modern 
artistic  methods  by  Mr.  Pennell,  and  is  elaborately 
illustrated.  The  historical  portion  of  the  book  is 
founded  upon  the  volume  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pennell 
issued  in  1898,  and  long  out  of  print,  but  the  book 
is  new  though  based  upon  the  old. 

A  critical  edition  of  "  The  Poetical  Works  of 
Robert  Herrick,"  edited  by  Dr.  F.  W.  Moorman, 
will  shortly  be  added  to  the  "  Oxford  English 
Texts"  series.  In  the  present  edition  Dr.  Moor- 
man has  been  able  to  use  the  copy  of  "  Hesperides  " 
in  the  possession  of  Mr.  G.  C.  Macaulay,  which 
gives  the  text  as  revised  by  the  poet  in  the  printing 
office.  Those  poems  by  Herrick  are  also  included 
which  do  not  find  a  place  in  the  1648  volume. 

The  need  of  fire-proof  structures  for  valuable 
libraries  received  another  lamentable  illustration  on 
the  26th  of  last  month,  when  a  lively  blaze  in  the 
basement  of  the  St.  Paul  Public  Library  caused  the 
ruin,  as  is  reported,  of  the  large  collection  of  books 
(100,000  volumes,  valued  at  $150,000)  sheltered  by 
that  building.  Water,  more  than  fire,  did  the  actual 
damage,  as  is  so  often  the  case  in  similar  instances. 
The  total  loss  to  the  city  is  estimated  at  $300,000. 

In  a  prefatory  note  to  his  forthcoming  English 
edition  of  Dr.  Sven  Hedin's  "With  the  German 
Armies  in  the  West,"  Mr.  John  Lane  replies  to  his 
critics  and  states  his  reasons  for  publishing  the 
work  in  England.  The  book,  which  is  expected 
shortly,  has  already  been  parodied  by  Mr.  E.  V. 
Lucas  in  a  little  book  entitled  "  In  Gentlest  Ger- 
many," with  illustrations  by  Mr.  George  Morrow. 
This  will  appear  shortly  after  the  publication  of 
Sven  Hetlin's  volume. 

Three  forthcoming  publications  of  Messrs. 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  not  previously  announced 
are  "  Bronson  Alcott's  Fruitlands,"  a  compilation 
by  Clara  Endicott  Sears  of  all  the  writings  on  the 


subject  of  Bronson  Alcott's  community  at  Fruit- 
lands;  "Whither?"  the  anonymous  essay  which 
attracted  wide  and  earnest  comment  when  it  ap- 
peared in  the  March  number  of  the  "Atlantic";, 
and  "  Naval  Occasions,"  by  "  Bartimeus,"  present- 
ing a  series  of  vivid  pictures  of  the  life  at  sea  of 
the  officers  and  men  of  the  British  navy. 

Literary  workers  and  peace  advocates  will  be 
interested  in  a  prize  contest  instituted  by  the 
Christian  Women's  Peace  Movement,  which  enlists 
women  of  all  denominations  and  claims  a  con- 
stituency of  four  millions.  A  prize  of  one  hundred 
dollars  is  offered  for  a  short  story,  not  to  exceed 
four  thousand  words  in  length,  setting  forth  Chris- 
tian ideals  of  peace.  The  manuscript  should  be 
typewritten  on  one  side  of  the  sheet  only,  and  must 
be  in  hand  not  later  than  June  15.  Competitors, 
should  address  the  Christian  AVomen's  Peace  Move- 
ment, 705  Ford  Building,  Boston,  enclosing  stamps- 
for  return  of  their  manuscripts  if  found  unavail- 
able. 

In  a  forthcoming  book  entitled  "  Shelley  in  En- 
gland," Mr.  Roger  Ingpen  utilizes  information  re- 
vealed since  the  publication  of  Professor  Dowden's 
biography  of  the  poet  as  to  Shelley's  early  life. 
More  especially  has  the  author  availed  himself  of  a 
mass  of  unpublished  matter  recently  disclosed  relat- 
ing to  the  poet  and  his  family,  including  twenty- 
six  new  letters  of  Shelley.  The  volume  contains  a 
transcript  of  Shelley's  manuscript  note-book,  which, 
water-stained  and  tattered,  was  recovered  from  the 
"Ariel,"  the  boat  in  which  he  met  his  death.  The 
illustrations  include  some  family  and  other  por- 
traits reproduced  for  the  first  time,  as  well  as  fac- 
similes from  the  manuscript  note-book. 

Some  unpublished  letters  of  Charles  Darwin, 
throwing  many  side-lights  on  the  more  intimate 
details  of  his  life,  are  included  in  the  memoirs  of 
his  wife,  entitled  "  Emma  Darwin :  A  Century  of 
Family  Letters,  1792-1896,"  edited  by  her  daughter, 
Henrietta  Litchfield,  which  will  be  published  in  two- 
illustrated  volumes.  The  first  volume  chiefly  con- 
sists of  the  letters  written  by  Mrs.  Darwin's  mother^ 
Mrs.  Josiah  Wedgwood,  and  her  sisters,  now  linked 
together  and  edited  to  complete  a  picture  of  the 
country  life  of  an  English  family  in  the  first  half 
of  the  nineteenth  century.  The  life  and  letters  of 
Mrs.  Darwin  complete  a  work  which  was  originally 
written  for  her  grandchildren,  and  was  privately 
printed  in  1904. 

Mr.  Allen  Upward's  new  book,  "  Paradise 
Found,"  which  Messrs.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  will' 
publish  this  month,  is  a  critical  extravaganza  in 
dialogue  form  which  is  essentially  a  searching  criti- 
cism of  Mr.  Bernard  Shaw  and  his  ideas.  The  plot 
of  the  piece  is  this:  Shaw,  through  enchantment, 
is  cast  into  a  trance,  and  in  this  form  is  preserved1 
by  his  followers  as  a  sacred  relic  for  two  hundred1 
years.  At  the  expiration  of  two  centuries,  he  is 
awakened  by  a  kiss  into  a  world  administered* 
entirely  on  Shavian  principles.  The  re-awakened 
Shaw's  disgust  with  the  practical  operation  of  his- 
ideas  is  developed  with  much  humor;  but  the 
reader  finds  when  he  is  through  that  the  Shavian 
philosophy  has  received  a  searching  and  at  many 
points  a  destructive  criticism. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


393 


LIST  or  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  100  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY  AND   REMINISCENCES. 

Rabindranath  Tagore:  A  Biographical  Study.  By 
Ernest  Rhys.  Illustrated,  12mo,  157  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  ?!•  net. 

Yale  Yesterdays.  By  Clarence  Deming;  edited  by 
the  members  of  his  family,  with  Foreword  by 
Henry  Walcott  Farman.  Illustrated,  large  8vo, 
254  pages.  Yale  University  Press.  $2.25  net. 

lliiK-li:  Memoirs  of  a  Brother.  By  Arthur  Chris- 
topher Benson.  With  portrait,  12mo,  265  pages. 
Longmans,  Green  &  Co.  $1.75  net. 

Strathcona,  and  the  Making  of  Canada.  By  W.  T.  R. 
Preston.  "With  photogravure  portrait,  8vo,  324 
pages.  McBride,  Nast  &  Co.  $2.50  net. 

Henry  Bennet,  Earl  of  Arlington,  Secretary  of  State 
to  Charles  II.  By  Violet  Barbour,  Ph.D.  12mo, 
303  pages.  Oxford  University  Press. 

Lucius  Tuttle:  An  Appreciation.  By  Hayes  Rob- 
bins.  With  portrait,  12mo,  61  pages.  Boston: 
W.  A.  Butterfleld.  50  cts.  net. 

HISTORY. 

Campaigns  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Forty-sixth 
Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers.  Compiled  by 
Mary  Genevie  Green  Brainard.  Illustrated,  large 
8vo,  542  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $3.  net. 

Famous  Days  and  Deeds  in  Holland  and  Belgium. 
By  Charles  Morris.  Illustrated,  8vo,  348  pages. 
J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Financial  Administration  of  the  Colony  of  Vir- 
ginia. By  Percy  Scott  Flippin,  Ph.D.  8vo,  95 
pages.  Baltimore:  Johns  Hopkins  Press.  Paper. 

GENERAL,   LITERATURE. 

The  Little  Man,  and  Other  Satires.  By  John  Gals- 
worthy. 12mo,  279  pages.  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons.  $1.30  net. 

The  Salon  and  English  Letters:  Chapters  on  the 
Interrelations  of  Literature  and  Society  in  the 
Age  of  Johnson.  By  Chauncey  Brewster  Tinker. 
Illustrated,  large  8vo,  290  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$2.25  net. 

The  Conduct  of  Life,  and  Other  Addresses.  By 
Viscount  Haldane.  12mo,  136  pages.  E.  P. 
Dutton  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

NEW  EDITIONS   OF   STANDARD   LITERATURE. 

The  Works  of  Henry  D.  Thorenu.     "  Riverside  Pocket 

Edition";      in    11     volumes,    with     photogravure 

frontispieces,    16mo.      Houghton   Mifflin   Co.     Per 

volume,  $1.50  net. 
The  Divine  Comedy  (La  Comedia  di  Dante  Alighieri). 

Translated   by   Henry   Johnson.      8vo,    443    pages. 

Yale  University  Press.     $2.50  net. 
Abraham    Cowley:     The    Essays    and    Other    Prose 

Writings.      Edited    by    Alfred    B.    Gough,    Ph.D. 

12mo,  375  pages.     Oxford  University  Press. 

DRAMA  AND  VERSE. 

Spoon  River  Anthology.  By  Edgar  Lee  Masters. 
12mo,  248  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  New  Poetry  Series.  First  volumes:  Japanese 
Lyrics,  translated  by  Lafcadio  Hearn,  75  cts.  net; 
Irradiations,  sand  and  spray,  by  John  Gould 
Fletcher,  75  cts.  net.;  The  Winnowing  Fan, 
poems  on  the  great  •war,  by  Laurence  Binyon, 
50  cts.  net.;  Some  Imagist  Poets,  an  anthology, 
75  cts.  net.  Each  12mo.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 

Panama,  and  Other  Poems,  Narrative  and  Occa- 
sional. By  Stephen  Phillips;  with  frontispiece 
by  Joseph  Pennell.  12mo,  153  pages.  John  Lane 
Co.  $1.25  net. 

Poems  of  Emile  Verhaeren.  Selected  and  rendered 
into  English  by  Alma  Strettel.  With  photo- 
gravure portrait  of  the  author  by  John  S.  Sar- 
gent; new  edition,  12mo,  92  pages.  John  Lane 
Co.  $1.  net. 

Love  in  Danger:  Three  Plays.  By  Mrs.  Havelock 
Ellis.  12mo,  88  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 
75  cts.  net. 

Plays  of  the  Pioneers:  A  Book  of  Historical 
Pageant-plays.  By  Constance  D'Arcy  Mackay. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  175  pages.  Harper  &  Brothers. 
$1.  net. 

A  Florentine  Cycle,  and  Other  Poems.  By  Gertrude 
Huntington  McGiffert.  12mo,  217  pages.  G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons.  $1.25  net. 

The  Glen  Path,  and  Other  Songs.  By  Samuel  Theo- 
dore Kidder.  With  frontispiece,  12mo,  74  pages. 
Sherman,  French  &  Co.  $1.  net. 


FICTION. 

The  Honey  Bee:  A  Story  of  a  Woman  in  Revolt. 
By  Samuel  Merwin.  Illustrated,  12mo,  458  pages. 
Bobbs-Merrill  Co.  $1.35  net. 

Fidelity.  By  Susan  Glaspell.  12mo,  422  pages. 
Small,  Maynard  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

Mary  Moreland.  By  Marie  Van  Vorst.  With  frontis- 
piece, 12mo,  359  pages.  Little,  Brown  &  Co. 
$1.35  net. 

Alice  and  a  Family.  By  St.  John  G.  Ervine.  12mo, 
276  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Miranda.  By  Grace  Livingstone  Hill  Lutz.  Illus- 
trated in  color,  etc.,  12mo,  344  pages.  J.  B. 
Lippincott  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Hand  of  Peril.  By  Arthur  Stringer.  With 
frontispiece,  12mo,  331  pages.  Macmillan  Co. 
$1.35  net. 

The  Life-Builders.  By  Elizabeth  Dejeans.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  410  pages.  Harper  &  Brothers. 
$1.35  net. 

The  White  Alley.  By  Carolyn  Wells.  With  frontis- 
piece in  color,  12mo,  300  pages.  J.  B.  Lippincott 
Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Child  at  the  Window.  By  William  Hewlett. 
12mo,  362  pages.  Duffleld  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Girl  at  Central.  By  Geraldine  Bonner.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  315  pages.  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 
$1.30  net. 

King  Jack.  By  Keighley  Snowden.  12mo,  312 
pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

Doodles:  The  Sunshine  Boy.  By  Emma  C.  Dowd. 
With  frontispiece  in  color,  16mo,  348  pages. 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Yellow  Claw.  By  Sax  Rohmer.  12mo,  427 
pages.  McBride,  Nast  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

His  English  Wife.  By  Rudolph  Stratz;  translated 
by  A.  C.  Curtis.  12mo,  335  pages.  Longmans, 
Green  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

A  Silent  Witness.  By  R.  Austin  Freeman.  Illus- 
trated, 12mo,  382  pages.  John  C.  Winston  Co. 
$1.20  net. 

Pillars  of  Smoke.  New  edition;  12mo,  252  pages. 
Sturgis  &  Walton  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Lord  Strathmore's  Ruby.  By  Ruth  Harl.  With 
frontispiece,  12mo,  124  pages.  Chicago:  Albert 
H.  King. 

THE    GREAT    WAR  —  ITS    HISTORY,    PROBLEMS, 
AND   CONSEQUENCES. 

The  Road  toward  Peace.  By  Charles  W.  Eliot. 
12mo,  228  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.  net. 

A  Surgeon  in  Belgium.  By  H.  S.  Souttar,  F.R.C.S. 
Illustrated,  8vo,  217  pages.  Longmans,  Green  & 
Co.  $2.40  net. 

Four  Weeks  In  the  Trenches:  The  War  Story  of  a 
Violinist.  By  Fritz  Kreisler.  Illustrated,  12mo, 
86  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.  net. 

Defenseless  America.  By  Hudson  Maxim.  Illus- 
trated, 8vo,  318  pages.  Hearst's  International 
Library  Co.  $2.  net. 

War  and  World  Government.  By  Frank  Crane,  D.D. 
12mo,  256  pages.  John  Lane  Co.  $1.  net, 

"War  and  the  Ideal  of  Peace:  A  Study  of  Those 
Characteristics  of  Man  That  Result  in  War,  and 
of  the  Means  by  Which  They  May  Be  Controlled. 
By  Henry  Rutgers  Marshall,  L.H.D.  12mo,  234 
pages.  Duffleld  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Game  of  Empires:  A  Warning  to  America.  By 
Edward  S.  Van  Zile,  L.H.D. ;  with  prefatory  note 
by  Theodore  Roosevelt.  12mo,  302  pages.  Moffat, 
Yard  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  European  "War  of  1914:  Its  Causes,  Purposes, 
and  Probable  Results.  By  John  William  Burgess, 
Ph.D.  16mo,  209  pages.  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co. 
$1.  net. 

The  Doctrine  of  Intervention.  By  Henry  G.  Hodges, 
A.M.  12mo,  288  pages.  Princeton:  The  Banner 
Press. 

"Who  Wanted  "War?  By  E.  Durkheim  and  E.  Denis; 
translated  by  A.  M.  Wilson-Garinei.  12mo,  62 
pages.  Paris:  Armand  Colin.  Paper. 

Oxford  Pamphlets.  New  titles:  Contraband  and 
the  War,  by  H.  Reason  Pyke,  LL.B.;  Outline 
of  Prussian  History  to  1871,  by  Ernest  F.  Row, 
B.Sc.;  The  Man  of  Peace,  by  Roy  Norton; 
German  Philosophy  and  the  War,  by  J.  H.  Muir- 
head.  Each  16mo.  Oxford  University  Press. 
Paper. 

BOOKS   FOR  THE  YOUNG. 

The  Emerald  Story  Book:  Stories  and  Legends  of 
Spring,  Nature,  and  Easter.  Compiled  by  Ada  M. 
Skinner  and  Eleanor  L.  Skinner.  With  frontis- 
piece in  color,  12mo,  371  pages.  Duffleld  &  Co. 
$1.50  net. 

Jimmy  Kirkland  of  the  Cascade  College  Team.  By 
Hugh  S.  Fullerton.  Illustrated,  12mo,  265  pages. 
John  C.  Winston  Co.  60  cts.  net. 


394 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  13 


Hollow  Tree  Stories.  By  Albert  Bigelow  Paine. 
First  volumes:  Mr.  Rabbit's  Big  Dinner;  Mr. 
'Possum's  Great  Balloon  Trip;  How  Mr.  Rabbit 
Lost  His  Tail;  When  Jack  Rabbit  Was  a  Little 
Boy;  How  Mr.  Dog  Got  Even;  Making  Up  with 
Mr.  Dog.  Each  illustrated,  12mo.  Harper  & 
Brothers.  Per  volume,  50  cts.  net. 

Famous  Buildings:  A  Primer  of  Architecture.  By 
Charles  L.  Barstow.  Illustrated,  12mo,  246  pages. 
Century  Co.  60  cts.  net. 

True  Stories  of  Great  Americans.  New  volumes: 
Captain  John  Smith  (1579-1631),  by  Rossiter 
Johnson;  Robert  E.  Lee,  by  Bradley  Oilman. 
Each  illustrated,  12mo.  Macmillan  Co.  Per  vol- 
ume, 50  cts.  net. 

Early  English  Hero  Tales.  Told  by  Jeannette 
Marks.  Illustrated,  12mo,  99  pages.  Harper  & 
Brothers.  50  cts.  net. 

BOOKS   OF  REFERENCE. 

The  New  International  Year  Book:  A  Compendium 
of  the  World's  Progress  for  the  Year  1914. 
Edited  by  Frank  Moore  Colby,  M.A.  Illustrated, 
large  8vo,  806  pages.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

A  Check  List  of  First  Editions  of  the  Works  of 
Bliss  Carman.  Arranged  by  Frederic  Fairchild 
Sherman.  12mo,  15  pages.  New  York:  Privately 
printed.  $1.25  net. 

The  Art  of  Public  Speaking.     By  J.  Berg  Esenwein 

,        and    Dale    Carnagey.      "  The    Writer's    Library." 

12mo,  512  pages.     Home  Correspondence  School. 

Practical  Programs  for  Women's  Clubs.  By  Alice 
Hazen  Cass.  16mo,  168  pages.  A.  C.  McClurg  & 
Co.  75  cts.  net. 

EDUCATION. 
The  Schools  of  Medieval  England.     By  A.  F.  Leach. 

Illustrated,  large  8vo,  349  pages.     Macmillan  Co. 

$2.  net. 
Modern   Essays.     Selected    by   John   Milton   Berdan, 

Ph.D.,    John    Richie    Schultz,    M.A.,    and    Hewett 

Elwell  Joyce,  B.A.     12mo,  448  pages.     Macmillan 

Co.     $1.25  net. 
Readings   from   American   Literature:     A  Textbook 

for  Schools  and  Colleges.    By  Mary  Edwards  Cal- 

houn    and    Emma   Leonora   MacAlarney.      Large 

8vo,  635  pages.    Glnn  &  Co.     $1.40  net. 
Plays  for  School  Children.     Edited  by  Anna  M.  Litt- 
le enhaus;    with  Introduction  by  Margaret  Knox. 

Illustrated,     12mo,     283     pages.        Century     Co. 

$1.25  net. 
A    History    of    English    Literature.      By    Walter    S. 

Hinchman,    A.M.      Illustrated,    12mo,    455    pages. 

Century  Co.     $1.30  net. 
A  Practical  Elementary  Chemistry.     By  B.   W.   Mc- 

Farland,  Ph.D.     12mo,  462  pages.     Charles  Scrib- 

ner's  Sons. 
Specimen  Letters.     Selected  and  edited  by  Albert  S. 

Cook   and   Allen   R.   Benham.      12mo,    156   pages. 

Ginn  &  Co.     35  cts.  net. 
Practical  German  Composition.     By  Theodore  Brown 

Hewitt.      16mo,    68    pages.      D.    C.    Heath    &    Co. 

30  cts.  net. 
Die    Harzreise,   with    Some    of    Heine's    Best-known 

Short  Poems.     Edited  by  Leigh  R.  Gregor,  Ph.D. 

Revised   edition;    16mo,   263   pages.     Ginn   &  Co. 

50   cts.   net. 
Dentsch  fur  Anffinger.     By  W.  D.  Zinnecker,  Ph.D. 

12mo,  380  pages.    D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.     $1.25  net. 
Selected    Letters.     By    Stella    Stewart    Center,    A.M. 

With  frontispiece,  16mo,  277  pages.     Charles  E. 

Merrill  Co.     40  cts.  net. 
Les   Oberle.     Par   Ren  6   Bazin;     edited   by   I.   H.   B. 

Spiers.      16mo,    195    pages.      D.    C.    Heath    &    Co. 

50  cts.  net. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Bodily   Changes   in   Pain,   Hunger,  Fear,  and   Rage: 

An  Account  of  Recent  Researches  into  the 
Function  of  Emotional  Excitement.  By  Walter 
B.  Cannon.  8vo,  311  pages.  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 
$2.  net. 

Music  and  the  Higher  Education.  By  Edward  Dick- 
inson. 12mo,  234  pages.  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons.  $1.50  net. 

The  History  of  Melanesian  Society.  By  W.  H.  R. 
Rivers,  F.R.S.  In  2  volumes,  illustrated,  large 
8vo.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $10.50  net. 

The  Well-considered  Garden.  By  Mrs.  Frances  King; 
with  Preface  by  Gertrude  Jekyll.  Illustrated, 
8vo,  290  pages.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $2.  net. 

An  Interpretation  of  the  Russian  People.  By  Leo 
Wiener.  12mo,  248  pages.  McBride,  Nast  &  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

Camp  Craft:  Modern  Practice  and  Equipment.  By 
Warren  H.  Miller;  with  Introduction  by  Ernest 
Thompson  Seton.  Illustrated,  12mo,  282  pages. 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $1.50  net. 


An  American  Fruit-farm:  Its  Selection  and  Man- 
agement for  Profit  and  Pleasure.  By  Francis 
Newton  Thorpe.  Illustrated,  large  8vo,  348 
pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $2.50  net. 

The  Pittsburgh  Survey.  Edited  by  Paul  Underwood 
Kellogg.  New  volumes:  Wage-earning  Pitts- 
burgh ;  The  Pittsburgh  District  —  Civic  Frontage. 
"  Russell  Sage  Foundation."  Each  illustrated, 
8vo.  New  York:  Survey  Associates,  Inc.  Per 
volume,  $2.50  net. 

The  Re-making  of  China.  By  Adolf  S.  Waley. 
12mo,  93  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

A  Short  History  of  Classical  Scholarship:  From  the 
Sixth  Century  B.  C.  to  the  Present  Day.  By  Sir 
John  Edwin  Sandys,  Litt.D.  Illustrated,  8vo, 
455  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

Studies  in  the  Marketing  of  Farm  Products.  By 
L.  D.  H.  Weld,  Ph.D.  Large  8vo,  113  pages. 
Minneapolis:  Bulletin  of  the  University  of  Min- 
nesota. Paper. 

The  British  Navy:  Its  Making  and  Its  Meaning. 
By  Ernest  Protheroe.  Illustrated  in  color,  etc., 
8vo,  694  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $2.50  net. 

A  Plea  for  Christian  Science,  and  a  Challenge  to 
Its  Critics.  By  Charles  Herman  Lea.  Revised 
edition;  12mo,  230  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 
$1.  net. 

Flags  of  the  "World,  Past  and  Present:  Their  Story 
and  Associations.  By  W.  J.  Gordon.  Illustrated 
in  color,  12mo,  256  pages.  Frederick  Warne  & 
Co.  $2.25  net. 

The  Spirit  of  Japanese  Art.  By  Yone  Noguchi. 
"Wisdom  of  the  East."  16mo,  114  pages.  E.  P. 
Dutton  &  Co.  70  cts.  net. 

The  Normal  Life.  By  Edward  T.  Devine.  12mo, 
233  pages.  New  York:  Survey  Associates,  Inc. 
$1.  net. 


THE  WRITER'S  BULLETIN 

A  JOURNAL  OF  INFORMATION  FOR 

LITERARY  WORKERS 

Gives   Each  Month  an   Up-to-Date  Lilt  of  Manu- 

•eript  Market!.  INCLUDING  PHOTOPLAY 

Help*  You  Write.  Re-write  and  Sell 

ISe  a  cop),  $1.50  a  year,  trial  3  months  40c 

32  UNION  SQUARE.  East         NEW  YORK  CITY 


The  MOSHER 
BOOKS 

As  gifts  for  special  occasions  — 
Christmas,  New  Year's,  Birth- 
days, Weddings, —"infinite 
riches  in  a  little  room" — these 
choice  limited  editions  at  mod- 
erate prices,  printed  from  type 
on  hand-made  papers,  are 
unique.  My  Catalogue  sent  free 
on  request. 


THOMAS  BIRD  MOSHER 

Portland,  Maine 


THE  ARYA  SAMAJ 

An  Account  of  Its  Origin,  Doctrines 

and  Activities,   with  a  Biographical 

Sketch  of  the  Founder 

By  LAJPAT  RAI.  With  an  introduction  by  Professor 
SIDNEY  WEBB,  LL.B.,  of  the  London  School  of  Econom- 
ics and  Political  Science  (University  of  London).  With 
10  Illustrations,  including  a  Portrait  of  the  Swami  Day- 
ananda.  Crown  8vo.  $1.75  net. 
This  is  the  first  systematic  account  in  English  of  one  of 

the  most  active  intellectual  movements  in  India,  having 

some  250,000  adherents. 

LONGMANS,  GREEN,  &  CO. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


395 


SONNETS  &  QUATRAINS 

By  Antoinette  de  Goursey  Patterson 

1 2 mo,  hand- made  paper,  boards,  $1.25 


"There  is  much  delicate  conception  in  this 
volume  of  poems  by  an  American  writer,  many 
of  which  have  already  appeared  in  various 
magazines."  — Athenaeum. 

H.  W.  FISHER  &  CO.,  1629  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia 


"I  am  sure  that  if  his  book  were  in  the  hands 
of  every  intelligent  man,  woman  and  child, 
the  cost  of  living  would  decrease." — LEON  A. 
CONGDON,  Foods  and  Drugs  Division,  Kansas 
State  Board  of  Health. 

"THE  SOURCE,  CHEMISTRY 
AND  USE  OF  FOOD  PRODUCTS" 

By  E.  H.  S.  Bailey,  Ph.D. 

75  Illustrations     Cloth.    $1.60  Postpaid. 


PUBLISHE-D  BY 


P.  BLAKISTON'S  SON  £  CO.,  Philadelphia 


Crown  octavo.    Illustrated  in  color  and  photogravure. 
250  copies  on  Dutch  handmade  paper  at  $10.00  net. 

"For  those  interested  in  the  painting  of  Blakelock 
this  review  of  his  work  and  life  should  prove  very 
attractive . "  —  The  Burlington  Magazine. 

"This  book  may  truly  be  regarded  as  a  valuable 
contribution  to  our  contemporary  literature  on  art." 

— Art  and  Progress. 

FREDERIC  FAIRCHILD  SHERMAN 
1790  BROADWAY  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Studies  in  Southern 
History  and  Politics 

Edited  by  JAMES  W.  GARNER 

Professor  of  Political  Science  in  the  University  of  Illinois. 
8vo,  cloth,  pp.  viii  +  394.    Price  $2.50  net. 

A  collection  of  fifteen  articles  on  topics  relating  to  the 
South  by  professors  in  various  colleges  and  universities  of 
the  country. 

Heredity  and  Sex 

By  THOMAS  HUNT  MORGAN,  Ph.D. 

Professor  of  Experimental  Zoology,  Columbia  University. 
i2mo,  cloth,  pp.  ix+  282.     Illustrated.     Price,  $1.75  net. 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 


LEMCKE  AND  BUECHNER,  Agents 


30-32  West  27th  Street 


NEW  YORK 


The  only  general  literary  magazine 

specifically  devoted  to  the  interests 

of  the  Middle  West 

The  Midland 

Some  of  the  contributors:  Arthur  Davison 
Ficke,  Keene  Abbott,  Mrs.  Coburn  of  the 
Coburn  players,  William  Ellery  Leonard, 
H.  B.  Alexander  and  John  G.  Neihardt. 

Published  monthly  at  Iowa  City,  Iowa.   $1.50  a  year. 
Sample  copies  gladly  furnished. 


The  Miscellany 

does  not  pose  as  a  marvel  of  de  luxe  book- 
making  but  it  does  endeavor  to  present  its 
material  in  a  better  form  than  is  usually 
employed  in  periodicals.  Of  interest  to  all 
lovers  of  books  and  things  bookish.  Issued 
quarterly :  One  dollar  per  year. 

THE  MISCELLANY 

17  Board  of  Trade         Kansas  City,  Missouri 


Bruno  Chap  Books 

No.  1.  The  Harlot's  House 

by  Oscar  Wilde 
No.  2.  Setting  Hens,  Neckties  and 

Frog's  Legs  by  D.  Molby 
No.  3.  Mushrooms 

by  Alfred  Kreymborg 
No.  4.  Tahiti  by  Robert  Carlton  Brown 
No.  5.  Four  Letters  by  Oscar  Wilde 
No.  6.  Anarchists  by  Guido  Bruno 
No.  7.  To  My  Mother 

by  Alfred  Kreymborg 
No.  8.  Vignettes 

by  Hubert  Crackenthorpe 
No.  9.  Tanka  and  Haikai  Sadakichi 

Hartmann 

Edited  by  GUIDO  BRUNO 

In  His  Garret  on  Washington  Square 
New  York 

Yearly  Subscription,  $1.50 
17 c  each,  post  paid 


396 


THE   DIAL 


[May  13, 


«.                                                                                                                                     -•- 

MRS.  RACHEL  WEST  CLEMENT 

Experienced  Authors'  Agent,   Reader  and   Critic,  Specializing   in 
Short  Stories.    Reading  fee,  $1.00  for  5,000  words  or  under,  includes 

FIVf       HOI    T   V  Authors'  and  Publishers' 
•    "*•    ilMi-«-l-«  *               Representative 

156  Fifth  Avenue.  New  York     (Established  1905) 
RATES  AND  FULL    INFORMATION  WILL  BE  SENT  ON  REQUEST 

6646  Germantown  Ave.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

• 

THE  NEW  YORK  BUREAU  OF  REVISION 

Thirty-fifth  Year.     LETTERS  OF  CRITICISM.  EXPERT 
REVISION  OF  MSS.     Advice  as  to  publication.     Address 
DR.  TITUS  M.  COAN.  424  W.  119th  St.,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Index  Office,  Inc.,  110  N.  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago 

for  indexing,   compiling  and  abstracting 
literary  and  statistical  material  for  scientific 
and  literary  workers. 

Send  five  cents  in  stamps  for  Reference  Bulletin. 

17  A  f^T*Q     CT*  A  T"  ¥  C  T*  ¥  /~"  C  ant^  other  material 
r  AV>  1  3,  3  1  A  1  13  1  H^.3  for  addresses,  re- 
ports, essays.    Literary  advice  and  criticism.   Revision  and 
correction  of  MSS.     Genealogical  research. 

BUREAU  OF  RESEARCH          New  Albany.  Ind. 

i 

WRITERS—  ATTENTION! 

SHORT  STORIES,  POEMS,  PHOTO  PLAYS,  Etc., 
are  wanted  for  publication. 

Submit  Mss.  for  free  examination. 
National  Literary  Bureau.  D3.  Hannibal,  Mo. 

MANUSCRIPTS 

CRITICISED           REVISED           PLACED 
N.  SHEPPARD 
149  West  14th  Street                       NEW  YORK  CITY 

If  you  want  results  send  stamp  for  circular 

ji 

K 

ROBERT  LOUIS  STEVENSON 

Books  from  His  Library,  FIRST  EDITIONS  of 
His  Works,   MANUSCRIPTS,   Autographs, 
Relics,  and  other  STEVENSONIANA. 

CATALOGUE  in  Preparation  —  Sent  on  Request. 

C.  GERHARDT  &  CO.,  120  East  59th  St.,  New  York 

American  Short  Stories  and  Plays  wanted  for  Italy. 
Russia,  France.  Austria  and  Scandinavia 

Expert    Criticism,  Translation   and    the  Placing  of   Manuscripts. 
Oldest  Established  Literary  Agency  in  Europe 
(Founded  in  1880  by  Paul  Hertzmann,  M.  A.,  Ph.  D.) 
Fees  (which  must  accompany  typed  manuscript  in  registered  letter) 
as  follows:    Two  dollars  for  Short  Story  under  3,000  words.     Five 
dollars  for  Story  under  10,000  words.     Ten  dollars  for  plays. 

THE  ITALIAN  LITERARY  AGENCY 
60  Piazza  di  Spatfna,  Rome.  Italy 

"Experienced,  efficient."                                       Gabriele  D'Annunzio 

t, 

RARE  books  and  first  editions  collected 
and  arranged  for  people  who  are  too 
busy  to  attend  to  the  forming  of  libraries. 

Address  E.  V.,  Boston  Transcript 
BOSTON.  MASS. 

• 

MSS.  SUCCESSFULLY  PLACED 

Criticised            Revised            Typed 

Send  for  Leaflet  D 
References:  Edwin  Markham  and  others.    Established  1890 
UNITED  LITERARY  PRESS 
123  Fifth  Avenue                              NEW  YORK  CITY 

JUST  PUBLISHED 

A  HISTORY  OF  INDIANA 

From  Earliest  Explorations  to  1850 
By  LOGAN  ESAREY.  Ph.D.. 

Instructor  of  Western  History  at  Indiana  University 
8vo.      Pp.  514.      15  Maps.       Bibliography.      Index 

An  authoritative  work  based  on  primary  sources. 
Price,  $3.00  net. 

FRANK  HENRY  RICE,  Authors'  Agent 
MARY  ASQUITH,  Play  Broker 

Personal  service  by  specialists  who  have  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  magazine,  book,  dramatic  and  motion  picture 
markets.  Particulars  upon  request. 

145  West  Forty-Fifth  Street                    NEW  YORK 

W.  K.  STEWART  CO.,  INDIANAPOLIS 

THE  DIAL  is  the 
accustomed  literary 
guide  and  aid  of  thou- 
sands of  bookbuyers, 
covering  every  section 
of  this  country. 

I  nripv  if\             Including  singing 
111UCA  IU             games  and  folk 

Kindergarten  songs.  By  Mar- 

C,       °.                     gery  Quigley  of 
t3OIlgS                the  St.  Louis  Pub- 
lic  Library.   63 
books  indexed.  286p.  Cloth,  $1.50  postpaid. 

American  Library  Association 

78  E.  Washington  St.,  Chicago 
"A   valuable   addition   to   any    Kindergartner'a 
library."—  ELIZABETH  HARRISON,  President 
National  Kindergarten  College,  Chicago. 

1915] 


THE   DIAL 


397 


i^- 

BOOKS,  AUTOGRAPHS,  PRINTS.         Catalogues  Free. 
R.  ATKINSON.  97  Sutherland   Road,  Forest  Hill,  LONDON,  ENG. 

..            ,      OF  CELEBRITIES  BOUGHT  AND  SOLD 
AUtOgraph                                   Send  for  price  lists 
LetterS         Walter   R.    Benjamin,   225   Filth    Avenue,    New   York 
...     ,                           E.tahlisheJ   1XX7.      Pnh.  The  Collator,   *1    a  vear 

•I-                                                                                                                                             «l 

h 

ROOKS     A"   Out.  of-  Print  Books  Supplied, 

^^  ^^    *•  ^     no  matter  on  what  subject.  Write  us.  We  can  get 
you  any  book  ever  published.     Please  state  wants.     Catalogue  free. 

Baker's  Great  Book  Shop,  14-16  Bright  St.,  Birmingham,  En£. 

HUGH 

MEMOIRS  OF  A  BROTHER 

By  ARTHUR  CHRISTOPHER  BENSON 

• 

^ 

SECOND.  HAND  BOOKS.   General  Literature,    ist 
Editions.  Enquiries  esteemed.  Frequent  catalogues  post  free. 
GORFIN,  82A,  CHARING  CROSS  ROAD.  LONDON,  W.  C. 

An  intimate  picture  of  the  personality  of  Monsignor 

L 

affectedly,  to  his  own  circle."   Illustrated,  $1.75  net. 

Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.,  Publishers 

in  England  is 

MR.  DAVID  H.  BOND 

407,  Bank  Chambers.  Chancery  Lane,  London,  W.  C. 

who  can  furnish  full  information  regarding  rates,  etc., 
and  through  whom  advertising  orders  may  be  sent. 

• 

ONE  OF  OUR  BOOK  BARGAINS 

PAUSANIAS'S 
DESCRIPTION  OF  GREECE 

Pnblished  Price,  $35.00,  Our  Price,  $18.50 

THE  H.  R.  HUNTTING  CO.,  Springfield,  Mass 

For  Thinkers  Who  Do  Not  Know  Greek 

THE  GREEK  SPIRIT 

By  Kate  Stephens 

"A  brilliant  and  penetrating  study  of  elements  and  influences  that 
went  to  the  creation  and  development  of  that  racial  spirit." 
—  New  York  Times. 
"Product  of  ripe  scholarship."  —  The  Independent. 

STORIES  FROM  OLD  CHRONICLES 

By  Kate  Stephens 

Old  English  and  French  life  and  valor. 
Adopted  by  London  County  Council. 
STURGIS  &  WALTON  CO..  Publishers,  NewYork 

Library  School  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library 

Entrance  examinations,  June  4. 
One  year  course  for  certificate. 
Two  year  course  for  diploma. 

AMERICANA 

Recent  Catalogues:—  No.  83,  The  Far  West  States; 
No.  84,  The  Southern  States;    No.  85,  Abraham 
Lincoln;    No.   86,  The  Middle  States;    No.  87, 
American  Indians.     Sent  free  on  application. 

Daniel    H.   Newhall.   152   Nassau   St.,   New   York 

SEND  TO 

M.W.  PLUMMER,  Principal, 

476    Fifth  Avenue,  for  descriptive   circular 

liOOjvS    KINDS 

We  are  the  leading  wholesale  dealers 
in  the  books  of  all  publishers.    Our 
immense  stock  and  our  location  in 
the  publishing  center  of  the  country 
enable  us  to  fill  orders  —  large  and 
small  —  for  books  of  all  kinds,  with 
the  greatest  dispatch. 

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO. 

354  Fourth  Ave.               NEW  YORK  CITY 

H 

i*                                                                                                              'i' 

Short  -Story  Writing 

t/i     Course  of  forty  lessons  in  the  history,  form, 
A\    structure,  and  writing  of   ihe  Short-Story, 
taught  by  Dr.  J.  Berg  Esenwein,  formerly 
Editor  of  Lippincott's  Magazine. 
One  student,  before  completing  the  lessons,  received 
over  $1000  for  manuscripts  sold  to  Woman's  Home 
Companion,    Pictorial   Review,  McCalTs,  and 
other  leading  magazines. 
Also  courses  in  Photoplay  Writing,  Versification 
and  Poetics,  Journalism.  In  all,  over  One  Hundred 
n     p                     Courses,    under    professors   in   Harvard,    Brown, 
1     Cornell,  and  other  leading  colleges. 

2y>-Page  Catalog  Free.    Please  Address 

THE  HOME  CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL 
Dept.  571.  Springfield.  Mass. 

Bind*  and  Noble.  31-33-35  Weal  15th  St..  N.  Y.  City.    Write  for  Catalogue. 


398 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  13 


The  Hibbert  Journal 

A  Quarterly  Review  of  Religion, 
Theology,  and  Philosophy 

CONTENTS  FOR  APRIL. 

Life  and  Matter  at  War.    By  Professor  Henri  Bergson. 
The  Tyranny  of  Mere  Things.     By  Professor  L.  P.  Jacks. 
Problems  of  Conflict.     By  Evelyn  Underbill. 
Two  Studies  of  German  "Kultur."    By  Professor  Percy  Gardner. 
On  the  Meaning  of  the  War.    By  Count  Hermann  Keyserling. 
Gothic  Ruin  and  Reconstruction.     By  Maude  Egerton  King. 
"Shall  We  Serve  God  for  Nought?"       Treitschke  and  Hegel. 

By  E.  F.  Carritt. 

German  Socialist  Theory  and  War.     By  M.  W.  Kobicson. 
Carlyle's  Germans.     ByJ.  M.Sloan. 
Mind  and  Matter:  A  Hylozoistic  View. 

By  Fleet-Surgeon  C.  Marsh  Beadncll,  R.  N. 

The  Method  of  Christian  Science.    By  Rev.  Laird  Wingate  Snell. 
Teaching  Which  Becomes  Practice.      Two  World-wide  Move- 
ments among  Young  People. 

I.  The  Christian  Endeavor  Movement.  By  Rev.  Francis  E. 
Clark,  D.D.,  LLD.,  President  of  the  World's  Christian 
Endeavor  Union. 

II.    The  Boy  Scouts.    By  Capt.  Cecil  Price. 
Discussions. 

" If  one  desires  a  synopsis  of  the  condition  of  the 
human  mind  in  the  midst  of  all  the  cross  currents  and 
eddies  and  conflicting  tendencies  of  contemporary  re- 
ligious thought,  here  it  is,  served  with  scholarship, 
literary  ability,  and  perfect  good  temper." 

Yearly  Subscription  $2.50.  Single  Numbers  75  cents. 

SHERMAN,  FRENCH  &  COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS 
6  Beacon  Street  Boston,  Mass. 


THE  NEW 

REPUBLIC 

AMERICA'S  NEW  WEEKLY 

THE 
MAGAZINE 

of 

THE 
HOUR 

Literature,  politics,  drama — everything, 
in  fact,  to  interest  the  thoughtful  reader. 

Your  name,  address  and  a  dollar  bill  will 
bring  you  our  56-page  literary  supplement 
and  twelve  issues  of  a  magazine  that  is  fresh, 
invigorating  and  unique. 

Write  to-day. 

THE  NEW  REPUBLIC 

421  West  Twenty-First  Street 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


"//  is  the  equal  of  the  bat  English  quarterlies 
and  continues  to  grow  better  with  each  issue,  and 
the  greatest  literary  enjoyment  any  man  could 
desire  would  be  that  the  Review  be  a  monthly 
instead  of  a  quarterly." 

Other  readers,  though  perhaps  none  more 
gracefully,  have  requested  more  frequent  publica- 
tion of  The  Yale  Review.  We  believe,  however, 
that  as  a  rule  the  modern  reader  of  periodical 
literature  wants  on  the  one  hand  frequent  discus- 
sions of  current  events  and  books,  and  on  the 
other,  longer  articles  of  a  more  reflective  sort, 
published  not  too  frequently.  The  next  issues  of 
the  reading  we  wish  to  linger  over  should  not  come 
upon  us  too  rapidly,  and  the  articles  they  contain 
should  be  especially  worth-while,  with  a  freshness 
and  significance  especially  long-lived. 

The  Yale  Review  is  designed  for  those  thou- 
sands of  intelligent  readers  who  desire  to  under- 
stand as  fully  as  may  be  the  scope  and  significance 
of  the  burning  questions  of  to-day  and  who  wish 
at  the  same  time  to  enjoy  articles  of  permanent 
literary  character.  Its  nearly  one  thousand  annual 
pages  are  assembled  in  four  numbers,  printed  in 
large  attractive  type  on  imported  Esparto  feather- 
weight paper. The  subscription  price  is  $2.50  a  year. 

A  specimen  copy,  a  1915  prospectus  and  a  synopsis  of 
the  current  (April)  contents  will  gladly  be  sent  upon 
the  request  of  prospective  friends  and  readers  of 

THE  YALE  REVIEW,  New  Haven,  Conn. 


Librarians  Attention 

Our  fortunate  purchase 

of  the  entire  stock  of 

remainders  of  the 

MACMILLAN 

AND  OXFORD 

UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

PUBLICATIONS 

Enables  Us  to  Offer  These 
Great  Books  at  V?  Price 

BARGAIN  LISTS  NOW  READY 

Correspondence  Invited 

Williams  Book  Stores  Go. 

Williams  Building 
BOSTON,  MASS. 


1915] 


399 


Miss  Viola  Roseboro',  to  whom  is  credited  the 
discovery  of  O.  Henry  and  the  acceptance  of  his 
first  work,  is  now  associated  withTHE  EDITOR, 
the  fortnightly  journal  of  information  for  literary 
workers,  as  critic  and  adviser.  In  his  autobiogra- 
phy S.  S.  McClure  says  :  "Miss  Roseboro' seized 
upon  the  early  stories  of  O.  Henry,  Jack  London, 
Myra  Kelly,  Rex  Beach  and  on  the  Emmy  Lou 
stories  with  as  much  sureness  of  conviction  as  if 
she  had  known  what  the  end  was  to  be  in  each 
case,  and  exactly  how  popular  each  of  these  writers 
was  to  become." 

In  return  for  moderate  fees  writers  may  have  the 
benefit  of  Miss  Roseboro's  personal  criticism  of 
their  manuscripts. 

Writers  who  wish  a  handy,  complete,  up-to-date 
directory  to  the  markets  for  their  manuscripts 
should  have  the  new  edition  of 

"1,001  Places  to  Sell  Manuscripts" 

(The  American  Writer's  Year  Book  and  Directory) 

which  lists  in  classes,  with  indexes,  cross-indexes 
and  definite  statements  of  the  kinds  of  material  in 
demand  in  each  market,  more  than  5,000  pur- 
chasers of  short  stories,  novels,  essays,  poems, 
articles,  plays,  vaudeville  material,  photoplays, 
jokes,  photographs,  post  card  sentiments,  para- 
graphs, etc.  If  there  are  markets  for  a  writer's 
manuscripts  they  are  made  available  in  this  guide. 

Cloth.  300  pages.  $1.50  postpaid 
THE  EDITOR,  Box  509,  Ridgewood,  N.  J. 


"AT  McCLURG'S" 

It  is  of  interest  and  importance 
to  Librarians  to  know  that  the 
books  reviewed  and  advertised 
in  this  magazine  can  be  pur- 
chased from  us  at  advantageous 
prices  by 

Public  Libraries.  Schools, 
Colleges  and  Universities 

In  addition  to  these  books  we 
have  an  exceptionally  large 
stock  of  the  books  of  all  pub- 
lishers—a more  complete  as- 
sortment than  can  be  found  on 
the  shelves  of  any  other  book- 
store in  the  entire  country.  We 
solicit  correspondence  from 
librarians  unacquainted  with 
our  facilities. 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 

A.C.  McClurg  &  Co., Chicago 


!     THE  FORUM 

THE  LEADING  AMERICAN  REVIEW  AND 
|  MAGAZINE 

The  FORUM  is  the  magazine  through  which  the  foremost  writers 
of  the  day  reach  the  thinking,  creating  people  of  the  world.  People 
who  believe  in  ideals,  but  not  in  ranting;  people  who  have  passed 
beyond  the  narrow  limits  of  provincialism  in  politics,  literature,  art 
and  the  knowledge  of  life. 

The  FORUM  is  essential  to  every  man  and  woman  who  is  inter- 
ested in  the  present,  its  dependence  on  the  past  and  its 
relation  to  the  future. 

The  price  is  2$  cents  a  copy;  $2.$0  a  year. 
A  three  months'  trial  subscription  for  50  cents. 


MITCHELL  KENNERLEY 


Publisher,  NEW  YORK 


400 


May  13,  1915 


The  Only  American  Text- Book  on  the  Subject 


and  Its  Auxiliary  Branches 

THIS  work,  the  first  and  only  complete  text-book  in  this  country  that  covers 
the  subject  in  all  its  phases,  will  prove  of  great  interest  and  value  to  every  one 
connected  directly  or  indirectly  with  bookbinding. 

John  J.  Pleger,  the  author,  is  an  advanced  exponent  of  the  art,  and  has  given 
the  trade,  in  concise,  comprehensive  form,  the  benefit  of  his  broad  knowledge. 

The  smaller  printer  who  has  to  do  binding  as  a  side  line  will  find  herein  a 
mine  of  helpful  information. 

It  will  be  found  invaluable  by  the  larger  binders  when  the  time  comes  for 
purchasing  additional  or  new  equipment. 

To  the  involuntary  specialist  —the  man  whose  limitations  have  tied  him  to  one 
operation — it  will  prove  a  boon  in  widening  his  opportunities  for  better  employ- 
ment and  remuneration. 

Librarians  and  others  intrusted  with  the  "care"  of  books  will  find  Mr. 
Pleger's  offering  well  worth  attention. 

Each  volume  sold  separately  


Paper  Ruling 

PART  ONE 

22  illustrations,      Price  $1.25 


Pamphlet  Binding 

Punching,  Crimping  and 

Quarter-Binding 

PART  TWO 

37  illustrations.       Price  $1.50 


Blank,  Edition  and  Job 
Forwarding 

Finishing  and  Stamping 
PART  THREE 

129  illustrations.    Price  $2.00 


Gilt  Edging,  Marbling  and 
Hand  Tooling 

PART  FOUR 

29  illustrations.       Price  $1.25 


EXTRACTS  FROM  SOME  OF  THE  LETTERS 
MR.  PLEGER  HAS  RECEIVED: 

"The  writer  has  personally  enjoyed  reading  the  works  and 
congratulates  you  upon  the  thoroughness  with  which  you 
have  covered  the  subject." 

"Students,  apprentices  and  novices  who  are  interested  in 
the  different  branches  of  bookbinding  will  find  it  a  very 
simple  matter  to  learn  and  perfect  themselves  from  these 
volumes,  full  of  illustrated  examples.  The  printer  and 
librarian  will  find  it  valuable  beyond  their  expectations." 

"They  are  thorough  'and  lucidly-written  text-books, 
which  will  benefit  the  more  expert  workmen  as  well  as 
learners.  They  will  be  of  especial  value  to  printers  who 
operate  binding  departments  and  have  to  rely  upon  others 
for  their  management..  I  know  of  no  other  text-book  of 
binding  which  compares  with  Mr.  Pleger's  in  instructive- 
ness.  In  publishing  these  books  THE  INLAND  PRINTER 
adds  another  to  its  long  list  of  incomparable  services  to 
the  printing  and  allied  industries." 


The  Inland  Printer  Company 


632  Sherman  St.,  Chicago 


1729  Tribune  Bldg.,  New  York 


PRESS  OF  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY 


, 

Library,  j 


VJ.U1U1J  »    i 

THE   DIAL 

A  FORTNIGHTLY  JOURNAL  OF 

f  itertr  Criticism,  §mnman,  anfo  information 


FOUNDED  BY  I  Volume  LVIII. 

FRANCIS   F.BROWNE    f         No.  «»5. 


CHICAGO,  MAY  27,  1915. 


tn.ayear.     \   WALDO  R.  BROWNE 


Send  in  Your  Order  Early  for 

The  Diplomacy  of  the  War  of  1914 

The  Beginnings  of  the  War 

By  ELLERY  C.  STOWELL 

This,  the  first  of  three  volumes  that  will  cover  the  entire  diplomatic  history  of  the  war,  will  take 
its  place  as  a  work  of  permanent  value.  For  the  first  time,  all  documents  relating  to  the  outbreak  of 
the  war  have  been  analyzed  and  rearranged  in  one  chronological  narrative,  making  a  complete  and 
understandable,  day-by-day  account  of  the  momentous  negotiations  preceding  the  outbreak  of  hos- 
tilities. The  book  contains,  furthermore,  a  remarkably  lucid  study  of  the  relations  of  the  European 
States,  and  of  the  problems  involved  in  the  outbreak  of  hostilities.  In  short  it  covers  the  entire  ground 
in  a  fresh,  accurate,  impartial,  and  intensely  interesting  way,  and  by  means  of  the  unique  arrangement 
and  masterly  analysis  of  the  material  it  makes  the  whole  tangled  web  of  diplomacy  clear  and  under- 
standable. $5.00  net. 


"A  work  which  should  influence  powerfully  the  thought  of  the  times" 

THE  RIVERSIDE  HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


1.  BEGINNINGS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE. 
By  Carl  Becker,  of  the  University  of  Kansas. 

2.  UNION  AND  DEMOCRACY. 
By  Allen  Johnson,  of  Yale. 


3.  EXPANSION  AND  CONFLICT. 

By  William  E.  Dodd.of  the  University  of  Chicago. 

4.  THE  NEW  NATION. 

By  F.  L.  Paxson,  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin. 


A  new  history  of  our  country  —  new  in  method,  new  in  spirit  and  new  in  form  —  by  four  different  historians,  each  of 
whom  is  a  specialist  in  the  field  he  covers, 

The  volumes  are  printed  from  large  type  on  thin  opaque  paper,  and  are  handsomely  bound  in  flexible  leather.  They 
are  easy  to  read,  comfortable  to  hold,  and  handsome  on  the. library  shelves. 

Complete  in  four  volumes;  flexible  leather;  the  set,  $6.00  net.     Separate  volumes,  $1.75  net. 


THE  BREATH  OF  LIFE 

By  JOHN  BURROUGHS 

This  new  volume  presents  Mr.  Burroughs'  ripest  thought 
on  many  important  problems  of  evolution  and  human  life. 
No  one  can  read  the  book  without  enlarging  his  view  of  life 
and  quickening  his  interest  in  the  world  in  which  we  live. 

flits  ml. 
THE  UNTROUBLED  MIND 

By  HERBERT  J.  HALL 

A  sensible,  optimistic  and  interesting  book  by  the  famous 
nerve  specialist,  a  worthy  addition  to  the  little  group 
whose  aim  is  to  point  the  way  to  right  living.  75  cents  net. 

WHITHER? 

This  eloquent  essay  answers  the  question  that  the  war 
has  inspired  so  many  thdugfitful  men  and  women  to  ask, 
whether  the  unexampled  progress  of  the  modern  world 
is  progress  in  the  right  direction.  50  cents  net. 


RALPH  WALDO  EMERSON 

By  OSCAR  W.  FIRKINS 

Based  on  Emerson's  recently  published  journals,  this  new 
biography  throws  a  flood  of  new  light  on  his  life  and  writ- 
ings and  is  as  readable  as  it  is  fresh  and  authoritative. 

$1.75  net. 
ALLEN  UPWARD'S 

THE  DIVINE  MYSTERY 

A  study  of  the  Christian  elements  in  the  pre-Christian 
religions  by  the  author  of  "The  New  Word,"  one  of  the 
most  philosophic  volumes  of  the  last  decade.  $1.75  net. 

PARADISE  FOUND 

Bernard  Shaw  is  cast  into  a  two  hundred  years'  trance, 
from  which  he  awakes  to  find  the  world  administered  en- 
tirely on  Shavian  principles.  The  book,  which  is  written  in 
dialogue  form,  is  not  only  uproariously  funny  but  is  the 
keenest  criticism  of  the  Shavian  cult  that  has  so  far  been 
written.  $1.25  net. 

The  above  two  books  will  be 
ready  early  in  June 


BOSTON        HOUGHTON  JVlIFFLIN  COMPANY    NEW  YORK 


402 


[May  27 


The  Cost  of  Living 

By  WALTER  E.  CLARK 
(NATIONAL  SOCIAL  SCIENCE  SERIES) 

No  more  familiar  expression  is  heard  than  "the  high 
cost  of  living."    The  condition  is  one  which  affects 
everyone.    Why  are  foods  in  many  cases  seventy-six 
per  cent  above  their  average  price  for  the  year  1896? 
The  various  reasons  assigned  for  the  conditions  are 
examined  in  this  book  one  by  one  and  the  real  reason 
is  made  clear.    Also  the  benefits  of  the  higher  cost 
are  stated,  nearly  one-half  of  our  population  being 
prospered  thereby.     It  is  all  intensely  interesting 
reading,  as  authoritative  as  it  is  clear  and   compre- 
hensive.    l6mo.     Price,  net  $.50. 

Aircraft  in  the 
Great  War 

By  GRAHAME  WHITE 
and  HARRY  HARPER 

The  importance  of  aircraft  in  the 

present  war  is  recognized  by  everyone,  but  few 
understand   the  duties  they  perform  and  the 
influence  they  exert  on  the  results  of  a  battle. 
This  book  gives  in  detail  the  activities  of 
war  aircraft  in  scouting,  range-finding,  bomb- 
dropping,  etc.  The  airman  is  constantly  looking 
for  important  movements  of  the  enemy,  and 
his  alertness  prevents  the  hurling   of  large 
masses  of  troops  at  a  weak  spot. 
As  a  range-finder  in  modern  warfare  the  air- 
craft is  indispensable,  as  they  are  able  to  direct 
the  artillery  fire  at  most  effective  points. 
A  most  interesting  feature  is  the  description 
of  battles  between  the  various  types  of  aircraft. 

Illustrated.    8vo.    Net  $2.00. 

Trusts  and  Competition 

By  JOHN  F.  CROWELL 
(NATIONAL  SOCIAL  SCIENCE  SERIES) 

The  main  aspects  of  the  issues  involved  in  "Big 
Business"  are  brought  out  in  clear  relief.   The  origin 
and  growth  of  Trusts  are  described,  and  the  legislation 
which  has  been  carried  on,  and  its  results,  is  inter- 
estingly told. 
The  facts  and  conditions  accompanying  the  great 
combinations  of  industries  are  analyzed,   and  the 
author  points  out  the  way  along  which  material  pro- 
gress  and   popular  contentment   may  live  together. 
l6mo.     Price,  net  $.50. 

A.  C.  McCLURG  &  CO.,  Publishers                      CHICAGO 

THE  FORUM 

FOR  JUNE  IS  NOW  READY 


"THE  TITANIC"  AND  THE  "LUSITANIA." 
Charles  Vale. 

"TARES."     E    Temple  Thurston. 
POEMS.     John  Curtis  Underwood. 

MEDICAL  ASPECTS  OF  THE  EUROPEAN 
WAR.     Frederic  H.  Robinson. 

THE  HANDS.     Anna  Spencer  Twitchell. 

WHY  DO  WOMEN  WANT  THE  BALLOT? 
H.  G.  Cutler. 

A  VOICE  IN  THE  WILDERNESS.     Lewis  Ed- 
ward CoIIings. 

CIVIC  PRIDE  IN  NEW  YORK  CITY.    Henry 
W.  Webber. 


MOTHER.     Scudder  Middleton. 

MODERN  MEDICAL   "SCIENCE"— II.     Helen 
S.  Gray. 

ON  DOING  GOOD.     May  Tomlinson. 

NEW    LOVE   IN    A    STREET   CAR.     Walter 
Ferris. 

THE  POETS'  RETURN.     Horace  Holley. 
PETRUS  BOREL.     Arthur  Symons. 
"LAW."     Lester  Luther. 
CORRESPONDENCE. 
EDITORIAL  NOTES. 


The  price  is  25  cents  a  copy,  $2.50  a  year. 
A  three  months'  trial  subscription  for  50  cents. 


MITCHELL  KENNERLEY 


Publisher,  NEW  YORK 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


403 


NEW  BUTTON  PUBLICATIONS 

Trees  and  Shrubs;  Hardy  in 

A  First  Year  in  Canterbury 

Peace  and  War  in  Europe 

the  British  Isles 

By  W.  J.  BEAN,  of  Kew  Gardens. 

Settlement 

By  SAMUEL  BUTLER. 

By  GILBERT  SLATER. 
A  singularly  capable,  sincere  and  im- 
partial consideration  of  the  forces 

A  work  not  only  of  exceeding  interest 

An    indispensable    volume    showing 

which  make  for  war  and  for  peace. 

but   of   the   greatest   importance   as 

his  remarkable  powers  of  satire  and 

Net.  $1.00 

giving  a  good  description  of  all  the 
hardy  trees  and  shrubs  of  the  temper- 

description, his  keen  eye  for  obser- 
vation and  his  virile  way  of  putting 

The  Remaking  of  China 

ate  zone.     Fully  illustrated. 

things.                               Net,  $2.00 

By  ADOLPH  S.  WALEY. 

2  Volumes.                     Net,  $15.  OO 

Our  Mountain  Garden 

"This  book  tells  the  many  facts  of 

Napoleon  and  Waterloo 

By  CAPTAIN  A.  F.  BECKE. 
Revealing  in  wonderfully  clear  and 

By  MRS.  THEODORE  THOMAS. 
Describing  in  charmingly  simple  de- 
tail the  softening  of  a  wild  unkept 
tract  of  land  into  graceful  natural 

the  whole  Chinese  revolution,  in  crisp, 
authoritative  style  and  in  surprisingly 
brief  compass."  —  New  York  Times. 
Net,  $1.OO 

simple  language  the  Emperor's  plan 
for  his  campaign  in  Belgium  against 
the  Two  Allied  Armies. 

beauty.     The    best    practical    guide 
to  the  making  of  a  wild  garden. 

The  Heart  of  the  Mendip 

By  FRANCIS  A.  KNIGHT. 

2  Volumes.                         Net    S3.  00 

Net.  $1.50 

Covering  a  tract  of  country  which  is 

The  Human  German 

War:  Its  Conduct  and  Its 

to  the  historian,  the  antiquary  and 
the  naturalist,  one  of  great  interest 

By  EDWARD  EDGEWORTH. 

Legal  Results 

and  beauty.                      Net,  $3.  OO 

A   penetrating,    comprehensive   and 
entertaining  picture  of  German  civi- 
lization.                            Net,  $3.OO 

The  Nomads  of  the  Balkans 

By  J.  B.  WAGE  and  M.  S.  THOMP- 

By THOMAS  BATY,  LL.D.,  D.C.L., 
and  Professor  J.  H.  MORGAN. 
A  critical  study  of  emergency  legisla- 
tion; neutrality;  the  laws  of  war;  and 
a  complete  study  of  the  effect  of  war 
on  commercial  relations.  Net,  $3.  SO 

The  Complete  Jujitsuan 

By  W.  H.  GARRUD. 
The  most  complete  work  dealing  with 
the  famous  and  very  useful  Japanese 
art  of  self-defence.         Net,  $1.75 

W*r              g~)           . 

SON. 
A  most  intimate   account  of  the 

A  Walk  in  Other  Worlds 

War  Cartoons 

By  BOARDMAN  ROBINSON. 

mysterious  Kutso-Vlachs,  the  least 

with  Dante 

A  permanent  record  of  the  war,  grim, 

known  of  the  Balkan  peoples. 

By  MARION  S.  BAINBRIGGE. 

sardonic,  impressive.       Net,  $1.50 

Net.  $5.00 

Who  Built  the  Panama  Canal? 

For  those  who  are  unable  to  study 
profoundly  the  works  of  the  Poet  to 
whom  reference  is  constantly  made, 

The  Making  of  Western 
Europe 

By  W.  LEON  PEPPERMAN. 
A  wealth  of  crispy  information  telling 
of  the  work  done  by  the  railroad  men 
under  the  direction  of  Theodore  P. 
Shonts.     "The  foremost  of  all  books 
on  that  great  project."     Fully  illus- 
trated by  Joseph  Pennell  in  photo- 
gravure.                             Net,  $2.00 

this  book  will  give  them  the  infor- 
mation which  they  want.  Net  ,  $3.  OO 

Children  of  France 

By  MAXTONE  GRAHAM. 
An    intimate    study    of    the    family 
history  of  the  French  kings  and  of 
their  children  from  Charles  VIII  to 
the  Revolution.                Net  ,  $2.  00 

By  C.  R.  L.  FLETCHER. 
The  First  Renaissance  1000-1  190  A.  D. 
This  volume  carries  the  story  of  the 
formation  of  the  modern  European 
Nationalities  through  one  of  the  most 
important  epochs  oftheir  growth.  The 
first  volume  covered  the  Dark  Ages, 
300  A.  D.  to  1000  A.  D.  Net,  $2.50 

Nationality  and  the  War 

The  Interpretation  of  History 

The  English  Essay  and 

By  ARNOLD  J.  TOYNBEE. 

By  LIONEL  C.  JANE. 

Essayists 

A  study  of  the  problem  of  nationality 
as  the  underlying  cause  of  the  pres- 
ent war,  and  the   chief   obstacle  to 
the  establishment  of  permanent  peace. 

A  record  of  progress  from  the  con- 
flict of  individuals  through  that  of 
nations  toward  ultimate  universality. 
Net,  $1.75 

By  HUGH  WALKER. 
An  important  addition  to  the  series 
already  including  Dr.  Schelling's  The 
English  Drama,  Saintsbury's7Vie£ng- 

Net.  $2.50 

Our  Wild  Bird  Guests 

By  ERNEST  HAROLD  BAYNES. 

The  Underlying  Principles 
of  Modern  Legislation 

By  W.  JETHRO  BROWN,  LL.D. 

lish  Novel,  Rhys's  English  Lyric  Po- 
etry, etc.                             Net  ,  $1.  SO 

William  Blake     Poet  and  Mystic 

A  timely  book  on  how  to  attract  bird 

Unusual  in  legal  literature  for  the 

By  P.  BERGER. 

visitors  with  suggestions  for  dealing 

fairness  and  fulness  with  which  the 

Pronounced   by    Swinburne,    on    its 

with  their  enemies,  and  on  the  organ- 

purely human  point  of  view  is  consid- 

first appearance  in  French,  "the  last 

ization  and  management  of  bird  Clubs. 
Fully  illustrated  in  photogravure. 

ered.    Every  legislator,  official  or  vol- 
unteer, should  master  it.  Net,  $2.25 

word"   on  the  poet-mystic. 
Net.   $5.00 

Net.   $2.0O 

Schools  of  To-Morrow 

By  JOHN  and  EVELYN  DEWEY. 

Hermaia.    A  Study  in  Com- 
parative Esthetics 

By  COLIN  McALPIN. 

The  Poets  Laureate  of 
England 

By  W.  FORBES  GRAY. 

A  study  of  actual  schools  in  which 
modern  theories  of!  education  are  be- 
ing thoroughly  worked  out. 

An  attempt  to  systematize  the  world 
of  art;  to  establish  the  reign  of  law 
in  the  realm  of  beauty,  especially  in 

Tracing   the    vicissitudes   of    the 
Laureateship  during  three  centuries, 
and  its  connection  with  the  monarchy 

Net.  $1.50 

the  field  of  music  to  establish  a  canon 

and  with  political  history. 

France  in  Dander 

of  criticism.                       Net,  $3.  SO 

Net.  $2.50 

By  PAUL  VERGNET. 

The  Solitaries  of  Sambuca 

Twenty  Years  of  My  Life 

An  important  exposure  of  the 

By  DANIEL  MAULDSLEY. 

By  DOUGLAS  SLADEN. 

methods  and  purposes  of  the  noto- 

Prefatory note  by  Montgomery  Car- 

Personal  reminiscences  and  impres- 

rious Pan-German  League. 

michael.     An   extraordinarily   inter- 

sions of  friends  who  have  won  the 

Net,  $1.00 

esting  search  for  the  Will  of  God. 

affection  of  the  public  in  literature, 

ii     i           ri 

Net.  $2.00 

in  art,  and  on  the  stage.    Net,  $3.  50 

Modern  uermany 

By  J.  ELLIS  BARKER. 
Fifth  edition  revised  to  date  of  the 

Twenty-one  Volumes  Just  Added 

An  lip-To-Dale  Adequate  Reference  Work 

best  summary  in  print  of  Germany's 
problems  and  policies,  the  causes  of 

EVERYMAN'S  LIBRARY 

Cloth,  net,  35  cents.     Leather,  net,  70  cents. 

Everyman's  Encyclopedia 

her  successes  and  failures. 

Complete  in  12  volumes  (Boxed) 

Send  for  complete  descriptive  catalogue 

Net,  $3.00 

of  721  volumes. 

Net,  $6.  00 

E.  P.  DUTTON  &  CO.,  Publishers,  681  5th  Ave.,  NEW  YORK 

404 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  27,  1915 


NEW  MACMILLAN  PUBLICATIONS 


Important  New  Books  on 

Economics,  Sociology,  Government,  Etc. 


AMERICA  AND  HER 
PROBLEMS 

By  Paul    Benjamin    d'Estournelles    de 

Constant,  Senator  of  the  French  Republic, 
etc.  A  discussion  of  our  national  and  inter- 
national problems  as  seen  by  a  statesman 
of  rare  genius  and  a  keen  observer  of 
governmental  affairs.  $2.00 


THE  JAPANESE  PROBLEM  IN 
THE  UNITED  STATES 

By  H.  A.  Millis.  A  frank  and  highly 
interesting  book  —  the  result  of  a  special 
investigation  and  study  of  actual  conditions 
in  California,  considering  immigration  and 
the  treatment  of  established  Japanese. 

Ready  in  June.     $1.50 


INCOME 

By  Scott  Nearing,  Ph.  D.,    University  of 

Pennsylvania.  A  clear  and  popularly 
written  study  and  determination  of  the 
"property"  and  "service"  income  of  the 
United  States.  $1.25 


THE  NEW  AMERICAN 
GOVERNMENT  AND  ITS  WORK 

By  James  T.  Young,  Professor  of  Public 
Administration  in  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. A  broad,  critical  treatment  of  the 
political  form,  structure  and  activities  of 
our  government,  emphasizing  in  particular 
the  problems  of  the  present.  $2.25 


THE  SOCIAL  PROBLEM 

By  Charles  A.  Ellwood.  "I  know  of  no 
book  upon  the  social  problem  which  can 
command  so  completely  the  endorsement 
of  social  thinkers  everywhere." — Professor 
E.A.Ross.  $1.25 


THE  PRINCIPLES  OF  RURAL 
CREDITS 

By  James  B.  Morman,  A.M.  With  an 
Introduction  by  John  Lee  Coulter,  Ph.  D. 

The  outline  of  a  constructive  American 
credit  system  as  suggested  by  the  methods 
of  financing  farmers  in  European  countries. 

$1.25 


By  Enoch  Burton  Gowin.  A  book  of 
interest  to  all  business  men  and  executors, 
showing  how  personal  efficiency  and  ability 
may  be  developed  to  the  fullest. 

Ready  in  June.    $1.50 


SOCIETAL  EVOLUTION 

By  Albert  Galloway  Keller  of  Yale 
University.  A  serious  and  important  study 
of  the  evolutionary  basis  of  the  science 
of  society.  $1.50 


ALLEGED  GERMAN  OUTRAGES 

Report  of  the  Committee  Appointed  by  His  Britannic  Majesty's  Government  and  Presided  over  by  The  Right 
Hon.  Viscount  Bryce,  0.  M.  etc.,  etc.,  Formerly  British  Ambassador  at  Washington.  The  most  authoritative 
document  so  far  published  on  the  alleged  German  violations  of  the  provisions  of  the  Hague  Convention. 

Paper,  10  cents 


PUBLISHED  AT 
64-66  SthAVE.,  N.Y. 


THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY 


ON  SALE  WHEREVER 
BOOKS  ARE  SOLD 


Jfortntflfjtlp  journal  of  Hiterarp  Criticism,  Btecussion,  anb  Snformatfon. 


THE  DIAL  (founded  in  1880)  is  published  fortnightly  — 
every  other  Thursday  —  except  in  July  and  August,  in  which 
one  issue  for  each  month  will  appear.  TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIP- 
TION, $2.  a  year  in  advance,  postage  prepaid  in  the  United 
States  and  Mexico;  Foreign  and  Canadian  postage  50  cents 
per  year  extra.  REMITTANCES  should  be  by  check,  or  by 
express  or  postal  order,  payable  to  THE  DIAL.  Unless  other- 
wise ordered,  subscriptions  will  begin  with  the  current  num- 
ber. When  no  direct  request  to  discontinue  at  expiration  of 
subscription  is  received,  it  is  assumed  that  a  continuance  of 
the  subscription  is  desired.  ADVERTISING  RATES  furnished  on 
application. 

Published  by  THE  HENRY  O.   SHEPARD  COMPANY, 
6S2  Sherman  Street,  Chicago. 

Entered  as  Second-Class  Matter  October  8,  1892,  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  under  Act  of  March  3,  1879. 


Vol.  LVIII. 


MAY  27,  1915 


No.  695 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 


THE  NEW  LITERATURE  OF  THE  OCCULT. 

Charles  Leonard  Moore 405 

CASUAL  COMMENT 408 

The  speech-acquiring  years. —  The  first  library 
building  for  children. —  A  notable  essay  com- 
petition.—  The  publisher's  risk  in  cheap  re- 
prints.—  In  memory  of  Ephraim  Williams. — 
A  renovated  and  ennobled  French  press. —  A 
new  Russian  genius. —  Retrospects  of  a  quar- 
terly reviewer. — Mark  Twain's  contribution  to 
Belgian  relief. —  The  children's  need  of  Shake- 
speare.—  An  addition  to  the  ephemeral  litera- 
ture of  the  war. —  A  notable  gift  to  Williams 
College  Library. —  Neglected  centenaries. 

COMMUNICATIONS 413 

In   Praise   of   Thomases.      Thomas   Percival 

Beyer. 
Some   Thoughts  on  the  Present  Generation. 

A.  0. 
War   Poetry   in   Germany.      Arthur  Howard 

Noll. 
MISS    MITFORD    AS    A    LETTER-WRITER. 

Percy  F.  BicJcnell 415 

THE  EPIC  OF  FRENCH  EXPLORATION  IN 

AMERICA.    Archibald  Henderson     .     .     .  417 
WILLIAM  II.  OF  GERMANY.  W.  K.  Stewart     .  418 
My  Ideas  and  Ideals. —  Gauss's  The  German 
Emperor  as  Shown  in  His  Public  Utterances. 

—  Dickinson's  The  Kaiser. —  Shaw's  The  Kai- 
ser.— Miss  Topham's  Memories  of  the  Kaiser's 
Court. 

THE  COSMIC  SOUL.    Henry  M.  Sheffer     .     .     .421 
THE  NEW  SPIRIT  IN  SOUTHERN  HISTOR- 
ICAL WRITING.    Benj.  B.  Kendrick     .     .  422 
RECENT  FICTION.    William  Morton  Payne  .     .  424 

NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS 425 

BRIEFS   ON   NEW   BOOKS 426 

International  perspective  in  criticism. —  Fra- 
ternal memories. —  The  oldest  and  most  endur- 
ing form  of  music. —  Studies  and  satires  by 
Mr.  Galsworthy. —  The  problem  of  sex  control. 

—  Short  and  simple  annals  of  the  poor. —  The 
civilization  of  India,  China,  and  Japan. — 
Some  romantic  chapters  in  the  annals  of  the 
sea. —  The    making    of    modern    Germany. — 
Among  the  reptiles. —  An  anthology  of  mod- 
ern plays. 

BRIEFER  MENTION 430 

NOTES 431 

LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS 432 


THE  NEW  LITERATURE  OF  THE 
OCCULT. 

Unlike  the  moon,  with  its  fixed  hemispheres 
of  light  and  shadow,  the  orb  of  humanity  rolls 
restlessly  from  bright  to  dark.  In  the  eight- 
eenth century  there  was  a  rationalizing  day- 
light that  peered  into  every  crevice  and  cranny 
of  the  human  mind.  The  nineteenth  century 
tried  to  secure  this  clear  certainty  for  all  time 
by  a  system  of  science  which  pushed  the 
Unknowable  aside  and  set  its  own  outposts  on 
the  farthest  confines  of  space.  But  a  change 
is  now  upon  us.  Whether  we  want  it  or  not, 
the  Occult  and  the  Unknown  are  rising  to 
dominate  our  thoughts.  As  to  Hyperion  on 
his  glowing  throne  in  Keats's  poem,  "omens 
obtruded,  images  obscure,"  so  flocks  of  books 
about  the  supernatural  and  the  psychic  are 
wheeling  into  the  world  to-day.  It  is  pretty 
sure  that  these  books  will  influence  man's  life 
sooner  or  later;  though  indeed,  superstition 
is  so  rooted  in  humanity  that  it  needs  little 
encouragement  from  doctrinal  treatises.  Crys- 
tal-gazing, fortune-telling,  palm-reading,  as- 
trological predictions,  esoteric  philosophies, — 
all  are  flourishing.  Nearly  everybody  one  talks 
to  has  had  some  experience  of  these  things,  and 
admits  some  touch  of  faith  in  them. 

The  most  remarkable  fact  about  the  new 
literature  of  the  Occult  is  that  it  has  been 
pioneered  or  backed  up  by  trained  men  of 
science,  men  whose  names  stand  high  in  their 
own  specialties.  M.  Camille  Flammarion  in 
France,  Sir  William  Crookes  and  Sir  Oliver 
Lodge  in  England,  have  spoken  with  no  uncer- 
tain tones.  A  dozen  or  so  years  ago,  M.  Flam- 
marion essayed  to  place  the  whole  subject  on  a 
scientific  or  experimental  basis.  He  cast  a 
huge  drag-net  and  gathered  in  hundreds  of 
cases  of  psychic  experience, —  cases  of  halluci- 
nation, telepathy,  transmission  of  thought, 
mental  suggestion,  communication  from  a  dis- 
tance, astral  bodies, —  which  he  presented  in 
his  book,  "  The  Unknown."  His  more  recent 
work,  "Mysterious  Psychic  Forces,"  deals 
mainly  with  Eusapia  Palladino.  His  English 
compeers  have  dealt  with  the  subject  in  scat- 
tered reviews,  pamphlets,  and  addresses.  A 
few  years  ago,  Sir  William  Crookes,  in  an 


406 


THE   DIAL 


[May  27 


address  to  the  English  Authors  Club,  stated 
unequivocally  that  "  there  is  no  matter." 

With  the  work  of  these  famous  scientists 
may  be  joined  the  books  of  other  trained  and 
competent  observers.  Among  the  latter  are 
Mr.  Henry  Holt,  whose  recent  large  work  "  On 
the  Cosmic  Relations"  essays  to  envisage  the 
whole  subject  and  to  give  it  a  definite  ter- 
minology ;  Mr.  Hereward  Carrington,  with  his 
"  Personal  Experiences  in  Spiritualism  " ;  and 
Mr.  I.  W.  Heysinger,  with  his  "  Spirit  and 
Matter  before  the  Bar  of  Science."  A  book 
entitled  "  Death,"  published  two  or  three  years 
ago,  which  dealt  with  all  the  circumstances  of 
the  parting  of  the  body  and  soul  and  particu- 
larly took  a  most  unpleasant  view  of  our 
chances  for  premature  burial,  is  one  of  the 
most  gruesome  works  we  ever  remember  read- 
ing. And  there  has  been  an  immense  recent 
crop  of  ghost  stories  and  records  of  super- 
natural happenings, —  English,  Scotch,  and 
Irish.  Andrew  Lang  alone  slew  his  thousands 
of  bogies.  These  tales  show  upon  their  faces 
that  they  are  not  the  unassisted  inventions  of 
their  writers.  They  are  human  documents, 
and  therefore  in  some  measure  evidential. 
But  anyone  who  is  at  all  familiar  with  law- 
suits will  have  slight  respect  for  the  ability 
of  the  average  human  being  either  to  know  or 
to  tell  the  truth  about  anything. 

Allied  with  these  scientific  or  semi-scientific 
presentations  of  the  psychic  case,  there  have 
lately  been  published  a  good  many  books  which 
view  the  subject  in  its  historic  aspects.  Highly 
poetic  in  form,  but  substantially  based  on 
facts,  is  Mr.  Oliver  Madox  Hueffer's  "The 
Book  of  Witches."  "Werewolves"  by  Mr. 
Elliot  O'Donnel,  "  Vampires  and  Vampirism  " 
by  Mr.  Dudley  Wright,  and  "  The  Romance  of 
Sorcery"  by  Mr.  Sax  Rohmer  exhaust  their 
several  subjects.  "New  Presbyter  is  but  old 
Priest  writ  large  "  said  Milton,  and  it  seems  to 
us  that  the  new  scientific  treatment  of  mys- 
terious psychic  forces  does  not  reveal  any- 
thing which  is  not  in  the  popular  or  poetic 
creations  of  the  past.  All  the  powers  appar- 
ently possessed  by  mediums  of  whatever  kind 
to-day  have  been  in  use  by  thaumaturgists  and 
miracle-workers  from  the  beginning.  And  as 
this  old  magic  has  a  certain  poetic  glamour,  we 
shall  begin  with  the  slightest  and  most  per- 
functory sketch  of  it. 

As  the  fertile  land  in  Egypt  is  only  a  fringe 
to  the  Nile,  an  effluence  of  its  waters,  so  to  the 
ancient  dwellers  in  that  country  human  life 


seemed  to  be  only  something  temporarily  afloat 
on  the  great  stream  of  death.  They  had  their 
eternal  pyramids  as  tombs  for  their  kings,  and 
their  Cities  of  the  Dead  as  real  homes  for  the 
people.  The  Egyptians,  indeed,  seem  to  have 
lived  only  in  order  to  be  buried.  At  the  most, 
life  to  them  was  a  butterfly  which  flutters  for 
a  few  days,  while  the  mummy  was  the  grub  of 
permanent  duration.  They  embodied  their 
deepest  thought  in  the  figure  of  the  Sphinx, 
half  human,  half  animal.  They  projected  the 
idea  of  the  Veil  which  no  one  has  lifted.  In 
India,  aside  from  its  religions,  mythologies, 
and  philosophies,  always  changing  and  always 
mysterious,  there  have  existed  from  the  begin- 
ning vast  systems  of  magic,  sorcery,  and  mira- 
cle-working. One,  the  largest  of  the  Vedas,  is 
made  up  of  spells,  incantations,  rituals  of 
darkness.  The  Hindus  seem  to  have  consid- 
ered it  quite  as  necessary  to  propitiate  the 
demons  as  the  gods.  The  Soona  plant,  the 
plant  of  intoxication,  was  worshipped  by  them ; 
it  had  its  god  and  most  obligatory  ritual.  The 
Buddhist  system  of  penance,  renunciation,  and 
fasting  has  helped  the  Hindus  to  a  clearness 
of  thought,  or  an  hallucination  of  mind,  which- 
ever way  one  chooses  to  regard  it,  which  has 
made  their  magic  memorable.  The  ancient  Per- 
sians were  wonder-workers  and  wonder-believ- 
ers. Babylon  had  its  Magi,  Belshazzar  his  Wise 
Men,  and  the  rod  of  Aaron  swallowed  up  the 
serpents  of  the  Persian  priests.  The  more 
modern  Moslem  inhabitants  of  that  part  of 
Asia  have  been  soaked  in  superstition.  The 
great  wings  of  the  Djinns,  E  frits,  and  Genie 
hover  over  and  rustle  through  the  Arabian 
Nights,  which  is  a  collection  of  popular  tales. 
To  every  human  being  was  born  a  familiar, — 
to  the  female  a  Ginn,  to  the  male  a  Ginnee; 
these  grew  up  with  the  person,  and  if  the  lat- 
ter died  young  he  was  supposed  to  have  been 
killed  by  his  familiar. 

The  clear  and  bright  Greek  mind  tried  for  a 
time  to  banish  the  Occult  and  Unknown  from 
the  circle  of  humanity.  Its  work  still  remains 
the  most  sane  and  purely  human  the  world  has 
known.  But  there  were  plenty  of  shadowy 
places  in  Greek  life  and  thought.  Dodona 
with  its  Sibyls  was  the  central  heart  of  the 
race ;  and  though  we  do  not  know  much  about 
the  Eleusinian  Mysteries,  they  were  probably 
concerned  with  the  problems  of  the  hereafter. 
The  story  of  Medea  and  the  novel  of  "The 
Golden  Ass"  show  us  that  witchcraft  flour- 
ished in  its  darkest  forms  in  Greece.  As  for 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


407 


the  Romans,  they  started  in  life  with  a  charm- 
ing outfit  of  domestic  deities,  Lares  and  Lem- 
ures,  and  as  they  grew  in  age  they  accepted 
anything  in  the  way  of  superstition  that  was 
offered  them  from  abroad.  They  were  eclectic 
in  their  choice  of  tutelary  guardians,  and  will- 
ing to  give  any  supernatural  power  a  chance. 
From  the  Greeks  down  to  the  present  time 
there  runs  a  line  of  laurelled  and  sceptred 
figures, —  men  who  were  really  daring  experi- 
menters in  science,  but  who  were  popularly 
accounted  dealers  in  magic.  Pythagoras, 
Empedocles,  Apollonius  of  Tyana,  Nostrada- 
mus, Roger  Bacon,  Dr.  Dee,  and  Cagliostro 
were  some  of  these  worshipped  and  feared  and 
doubted  personages.  The  Middle  Ages  placed 
even  Virgil  among  the  magicians.  Madame 
Blavatsky  is  perhaps  the  most  striking  recent 
example  of  the  ability  of  a  wonder-worker  to 
command  attention.  Both  M.  Flammarion 
and  Sir  William  Crookes  were  more  or  less 
impressed  by  her. 

The  popular  superstitions  of  the  Middle 
Ages  and  of  more  recent  times  were  limited  in 
type  but  endless  in  manifestations.  The  idea 
of  possession  by  the  Evil  Spirit  or  his  agents 
underlies  most  of  them.  "Wierus  made  a  cen- 
sus of  the  demons,  and  counted  up  7,405,925 
of  them.  So  they  were  not  easy  to  escape. 
There  is  a  story  of  a  nun  who  forgot  to  say  her 
"benedicite"  before  she  sat  down  to  supper, 
and  who  in  consequence  swallowed  a  demon 
concealed  in  the  leaves  of  lettuce.  Heine's 
idea,  possibly  following  Milton,  was  that  the 
demons  and  evil  spirits  generally  were  "  Gods 
in  Exile."  Deposed  or  degraded  with  their 
religions,  they  wandered  about  the  world  tak- 
ing up  what  odd  jobs  they  could  get  or  turning 
their  powers  upon  mankind  in  revenge.  Wie- 
land  the  smith,  for  instance,  was  what  was  left 
of  the  magnificent  Thor.  Some  of  the  uncanny 
creatures  of  the  Borderworld,  however,  must 
have  had  a  different  origin.  Vampires  and 
Were-wolves  must  have  been  bad  from  the 
start.  There  is  a  recipe  given  in  one  of  our 
books  for  getting  rid  of  a  vampire.  With  a 
picture  of  a  saint  in  your  hand  you  pursue  it 
until  you  have  it  cornered  in  a  large  bottle. 
You  cork  this  and  throw  it  on  the  fire,  and 
that  is  the  end  of  the  vampire.  Lycanthropy, 
hereditary  in  some  families,  could  be  acquired 
by  performing  certain  rites  of  Black  Magic. 
The  experimenter  went  to  some  spot  remote 
from  the  haunts  of  man,  desert  or  wood  or 
mountain  top,  on  a  night  when  the  moon  was 


new  and  strong.  On  a  level  piece  of  ground 
he  marked  a  circle  of  seven  feet  in  radius.  In 
this  he  kindled  a  fire,  and  placed  an  iron 
tripod  and  an  iron  pot  over  it.  .He  boiled 
water  into  which  he  east  handfuls  of  three  of 
these  substances:  asafcetida,  parsley,  opium, 
burdock,  henbane,  saffron,  aloe,  and  solanum. 
Repeating  a  rhymed  charm,  he  took  off  his 
vest  and  shirt  and  smeared  his  chest  with  the 
fat  of  a  newly  killed  cat.  He  then  bound 
around  his  loins  a  wolfskin  and  kneeling  down 
waited  for  the  advent  of  the  unknown,  which 
when  the  fire  grew  dim  and  cold  and  terror 
froze  his  blood  appeared  in  some  monstrous 
shape,  half  man  and  half  animal.  We  are 
particular  to  give  this  formula  because  it  ap- 
pears to  have  been  the  regulation  thing,  not 
only  for  becoming  a  Were- wolf  but  for  sum- 
moning the  Master  of  Evil  in  almost  any 
predicament.  In  the  last  scene  of  Bulwer  Lyt- 
ton's  "Strange  Story"  it  is  repeated  pretty 
faithfully. 

Mr.  Hueffer  considers  the  Witch  the  femme 
incomprise  of  the  world.  He  follows  her 
through  all  the  irregular  routine  of  her  life. 
One  thing  is  certain  —  she  strikes  root  more 
firmly  in  fact  and  history  than  most  of  the 
phantasms  of  superstition.  There  were  women, 
hordes  of  them,  reputed  to  be  witches,  perse- 
cuted as  witches,  burned  as  witches.  Mother 
Shipton,  Mother  Redcap,  the  Witch  of  Wap- 
ping,  Mother  Demdyke,  our  old  friend  Eliza- 
beth Sawyer,  immortalized  by  Ainsworth,  the 
Witch  of  Edmonton,  who  furnished  Ford  and 
Dekker  with  a  play, —  all  these  were  historic 
characters.  Nay,  Jeanne  d'Arc  was  burned 
as  a  witch.  In  Sweden  there  was  a  mania 
about  witch  children:  multitudes  of  them, 
though  watched  in  their  sleep,  reported  that 
they  had  been  transported  to  Blockula,  the 
Northern  Brocken. 

But  let  us  bid  adieu  to  those  dear  old  days, 
and  turn  to  the  present  material  times  when, 
as  one  of  our  authorities  asserts,  spiritual 
manifestations  are  ninety-eight  per  cent 
fraudulent.  Others  make  out  a  better  case 
for  them ;  but  still  there  is  a  general  opinion 
that  all  the  modern  mediums, —  the  Davenport 
brothers,  Mr.  Home,  Lily  Dale,  Eusapia  Pal- 
ladino,  and  Mrs.  Piper, —  whatever  powers 
they  may  have  possessed,  were  never  averse  to 
eking  these  out  by  trickery.  The  range  of 
their  manifestations  is  considerable;  but,  as 
we  said  before,  there  is  nothing  very  new  about 
them,  except  where  modern  appliances  have 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  27 


placed  new  instruments  in  their  hands.  Spirit 
photography,  for  instance,  could  not  have  been 
exploited  in  past  times.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  "Poltergeist,"  a  thing  which  rings  bells, 
breaks  crockery,  and  throws  objects  about,  is 
only  Robin  Goodfellow  come  again. 

But  there  is  a  vast  range  of  psychic  expe- 
rience which  does  not  depend  upon  mediums, 
and  about  which  there  is  gathering  a  mass  of 
evidence  scarcely  to  be  ignored.  About  the 
factual  truth  of  hypnotism,  mental  sugges- 
tion, and  telepathy  there  can  be  no  question 
whatever.  Distant  communication,  levitation, 
astral  appearances,  ghosts,  are  more  open  to 
doubt ;  but  there  are  crowds  of  honest  people 
who  are  willing  to  swear  to  their  reality.  Cole- 
ridge said  that  he  had  seen  too  many  ghosts  to 
believe  in  them.  The  present  writer  has  had 
a  few  creepy  experiences  of  this  kind,  but  they 
are  too  slight  and  too  uncertain  to  be  worth 
relating.  Some  other  psychic  conditions  he 
has  known  may  perhaps  be  of  interest.  When 
a  very  young  man,  he  put  in  nearly  two  years 
in  the  South  American  jungle  as  one  of  the 
managers  of  a  great  railroad  expedition.  He 
was  pretty  constantly  fever-stricken  and  al- 
most as  constantly  starved.  He  was  shot,  had 
to  contend  with  many  mutinies,  pursue  hostile 
Indians  into  the  forest,  and  struggle  with 
native  creditors.  As  a  result,  upon  his  return 
home,  he  was  conscious  of  some  queer  states  of 
mind.  For  one  thing,  the  immediate  past  was 
blotted  out,  or  could  only  be  recalled  by  an 
effort;  but  in  its  place  was  substituted  an 
expedition  entirely  different  and  even  more 
striking,  which  filled  his  waking  mind  with 
the  vividness  of  reality.  Another  thing  was 
this :  he  had  at  that  time  published  nothing ; 
but  the  feeling  was  so  strong  in  him  that  he 
had  not  only  written  but  published  a  large 
dramatic  poem,  that  he  would  frequently  go 
over  to  the  bookcase  to  pick  out  the  volume. 
Another  strong  impression  was  that  he  pos- 
sessed the  power  of  levitation, — that  he  needed 
only  to  touch  his  toes  to  the  ground  occasion- 
ally to  propel  himself  long  distances  through 
the  air.  He  certainly  never  attempted  to  put 
this  gift  into  practice,  but  the  sense  that  he 
possessed  it  was  a  snug  satisfaction  to  him. 
Of  course  these  were  hallucinations;  the 
writer  was  temporarily  a  trifle  cracked.  But 
that  raises  the  question  as  to  how  far  dementia 
and  inspiration  are  apart.  The  Indians  held 
that  the  manifestations  of  insanity  were 
sacred ;  and  Swedenborg  and  the  mystics  gen- 


erally, to  judge  by  their  lucubrations,  must 
have  been  somewhat  of  this  opinion. 

What  is  the  good  of  it  all  ?  As  someone  in 
one  of  the  volumes  we  have  mentioned  says, 
"What  good  is  a  baby?"  That  the  super- 
natural cannot  be  proved  may  be  granted. 
What  can  be  proved  ?  Newton  said  that  gravi- 
tation, the  attraction  between  distant  bodies, 
was  impossible;  and  Faraday  urged  cogent 
arguments  against  his  own  conservation  of 
energy  theory.  The  nebular  hypothesis  and 
the  atomic  theories  must  probably  go  to  the 
scrap-heap.  If  the  shadowy  impressions  of 
the  unknown  and  the  unseen,  the  belief  in 
immortality,  the  sense  of  immaterial  presences, 
are  part  and  parcel  of  the  human  mind,  as  all 
but  universal  experience  would  indicate  that 
they  are,  then  they  are  as  much  a  part  of  life 
as  anything  else  which  seems  to  us  to  exist. 
Our  crass  everyday  life  of  work  and  play,  eat- 
ing and  drinking,  dressing  and  going  about, 
is  not  permanently  satisfying  to  anyone.  Hu- 
manity has  always  revolted  against  it,  and 
demanded  something  more  "filling."  It  has 
built  temples,  raised  banners,  created  arts,  in 
order  to  gratify  its  need  for  a  better  and 
worthier  existence.  The  supernatural  is  really 
the  initiative  of  most  of  these  efforts ;  and  the 
more,  in  a  reasonable  way,  we  work  with  the 
supernatural  the  greater  and  nobler  our  arts, 
religions,  and  thoughts  become. 

CHARLES  LEONARD  MOORE. 


CASUAL  COMMENT. 

THE  SPEECH-ACQUIRING  YEARS,  with  most 
persons,  are  limited  to  the  earlier  years  of 
their  lives,  ability  to  make  any  appreciable 
additions  to  one's  vocabulary  diminishing  rap- 
idly after  adolescence.  Hence  the  importance, 
as  a  rule,  of  putting  language  studies  early  in 
the  educational  course.  Some  light  on  the 
vexed  question  of  the  range  of  words  used  by 
normal  children,  and  the  growth  of  their 
vocabulary,  is  thrown  by  a  minutely  attentive 
study  of  his  own  boy,  up  to  the  age  of  two 
years,  by  Professor  Thomas  Percival  Beyer, 
whose  researches,  first  published  in  the  "  Edu- 
cational Review,"  now  appear  in  separate 
pamphlet  form.  With  admirable  curbing  of 
parental  pride,  the  writer  claims  no  precocity 
or  other  unusual  attribute  for  his  child;  he 
simply  calls  him  "  an  actual  child  of  normal 
antecedents  (no  jail-birds  or  geniuses  for  four 
generations  back) ,"  and  yet  at  one  year  of  age 
his  vocabulary  numbered  about  twenty  sym- 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


409 


bols,  including  perhaps  ten  veritable  English 
words,  and  five  months  later  this  stock  had 
grown  to  "  160  words,  most  of  them  English," 
while  at  the  end  of  the  twenty-fourth  month 
the  number  was  771.  This  list  is  printed. 
Noteworthy  is  the  increasingly  rapid  enlarge- 
ment of  the  child's  vocabulary,  and  the  fact 
that,  like  other  children,  he  now,  in  his  third 
year,  shows  a  decided  acceleration  of  speed  in 
acquiring  new  words,  so  that  at  his  next  birth- 
day he  is  likely  to  command  a  vocabulary  of 
2200,  and  possibly  2500  words.  Compare 
this  readiness  of  word-acquisition  with  the 
average  college  student's  sluggishness  in  the 
same  particular.  Commenting  on  the  correla- 
tion between  thought  and  language,  the  writer 
asks :  "  Therefore  shall  it  not  become  a  shame- 
ful thing  and  not  to  be  tolerated  for  college 
men  and  women  to  continue  to  do  business 
upon  the  verbal  capital  inherited  from  their 
unconscious  childhood,  plus  a  few  hundred 
words  absorbed  during  their  imperfectly  con- 
scious school-days?  Shall  the  teacher  of  En- 
glish not  demand  some  conscious  effort  to 
augment  the  needs  of  the  organ  of  thought? 
Tooting  on  the  pipes  of  infancy  continues 
childish  music  through  adult  life.  It  will  be 
only  by  adding  new  avenues  of  intake  and 
outgo  that  adult  life  and  thinking  can  grow 
into  the  richness  and  variety  and  color  that 
should  be  the  personality."  A  notable  discov- 
ery was  made  by  Professor  Beyer  in  the  fact 
that  his  boy  showed  an  early  command  of  a 
great  variety  of  vowel  and  consonant  sounds 
not  present  in  our  language,  so  that  selection 
seemed  to  play  an  even  more  important  part 
than  imitation  in  his  speech.  This  chimes  with 
the  results  of  recent  research  in  child-psy- 
chology. Although  one  suspects  baby  Beyer 
to  be  a  rather  exceptional  infant,  he  gives  us 
nevertheless  matter  for  useful  generalization. 
•  •  • 

THE  FIRST  LIBRARY  BUILDING  FOR  CHILDREN, 

and  for  children  only,  is  Brooklyn's  note- 
worthy contribution  to  recent  library  develop- 
ment. Brownsville  is  the  fortunate  section  of 
the  city  to  be  favored  with  this  useful  and 
already  much-used  addition  to  the  general 
library  system.  For  the  three  months  follow- 
ing its  opening  the  children's  building  was 
visited  by  an  average  of  1,566  juvenile  book- 
borrowers  daily;  and,  further  than  that,  re- 
ports the  librarian,  "  the  quality  of  the  reading 
and  the  admirable  order  of  the  children  de- 
serve notice  far  more  than  do  mere  figures  of 
use."  It  is  significant  that  the  youngsters,  who 
are  from  the  primary  and  grammar  grades 
only,  make  such  demands  for  non-juvenile  lit- 
erature that  an  ample  equipment  of  "  adult " 
books  has  been  found  necessary,  and  has  been 


provided.  A  few  more  items  of  importance  are 
to  be  noted.  "  Up  to  seven  o'clock,  daily,  this 
whole  library  is  given  over  to  the  circulation 
of  books.  From  seven  to  nine  P.  M.  the  place 
changes  to  a  reading  and  reference  library, 
and  all  the  seats  in  the  beautiful  main  rooms 
are  filled  with  reference  workers  and  earnest 
readers.  .  .  .  Another  departure  of  this  year 
has  been  the  opening  of  a  training  course  for 
children's  librarians.  The  experience  of  years 
in  being  unable  to  secure  from  the  library 
schools  enough  trained  workers  for  this  de- 
partment has  practically  forced  us  into  giving 
our  own  course  of  training."  Conspicuous  in 
the  scheme  of  things  bibliothecal  has  been  the 
recent  rapid  increase  in  consideration  enjoyed 
by  the  juvenile  user  of  the  public  library, 
especially  in  this  country.  May  the  American 
child,  already  fairly  well  imbued  with  a  sense 
of  his  own  importance,  be  able  to  preserve 
some  remnant  of  bashfulness  and  modesty 
under  this  indulgent  treatment! 
•  •  • 

A  NOTABLE  ESSAY  COMPETITION,  already  re- 
ferred to  by  us  as  instituted  by  the  Carnegie 
Church  Peace  Union,  and  brought  to  a  close 
with  the  opening  of  the  current  calendar  year, 
has  resulted,  so  far  as  the  highest  honors  are 
concerned,  in  the  award  of  the  first  prize  (one 
thousand  dollars)  to  Rev.  Gaius  Glenn  Atkins, 
D.D.,  pastor  of  the  Central  Congregational 
Church,  Providence,  B.  I.  Competition  for 
this  prize  was  restricted  to  pastors  of  churches 
in  the  United  States.  Three  lesser  prizes, 
offered  to  students  in  theological  seminaries, 
have  been  bestowed  upon  Mr.  E.  W.  Nelson, 
of  Phillips  University,  East  Enid,  Oklahoma; 
Mr.  P.  V.  Blanchard,  Andover  Theological 
Seminary;  and  Mr.  R.  Niebuhr,  Yale  School 
of  Religion,  Lincoln,  Illinois.  The  ten  prizes 
offered  to  church  members  were  all  won  by 
men,  which  may  cause  some  surprise  in  view 
of  woman's  pronounced  interest  in  the  cause 
of  peace.  Some  phase  of  this  question,  it  will 
be  remembered,  was  the  topic  on  which  all 
competing  essayists  were  to  write.  Dr.  At- 
kins's essay,  entitled  "  The  Causes  of  War," 
parts  of  which  have  been  quoted  by  the  news- 
paper press,  points  out  some  of  the  notable 
steps  in  the  progress  of  the  race  that  he  al- 
leges to  have  been  effected  through  the  instru- 
mentality of  war,  and  then  seeks  to  explain 
why  the  world  at  large  is  to-day  so  doubtful 
of  the  efficacy  of  pacific  measures  to  accom- 
plish like  results.  "  Evidently,"  he  says  in 
explanation,  "because  we  have  failed  to  see 
that  the  solution  of  any  question  on  the  very 
highest  levels  is  an  immensely  more  difficult 
and  heroic  thing  than  its  solution  on  lower 
levels.  We  fight  because  fighting  is  easier  than 


410 


THE    DIAL 


[  May  27 


keeping  the  peace ;  war  is  not,  as  its  apologists 
would  tell  us,  a  high  and  heroic  way  out  of 
international  difficulties;  it  is  the  low  and 
cowardly  way.  It  is  easier  to  take  arms  against 
a  neighboring  people  than  to  sit  around  a 
council  table  and  work  out  in  wisdom  and 
brotherhood  and  self-restraint,  the  questions 
which  the  war  involves.  However  we  may 
differ  as  to  the  wisdom  of  turning  the  other 
cheek,  we  must  agree  that  it  takes  a  braver 
man  to  turn  the  other  cheek  when  he  does  it 
as  a  matter  of  principle  than  to  strike  back." 
A  second  tournament  of  pacific  essayists  un- 
der the  same  auspices,  and  to  close  with  the 
end  of  the  year,  is  now  in  progress. 
•  •  • 

THE  PUBLISHER'S  RISK  IN  CHEAP  REPRINTS 
ought  not  to  be  lost  sight  of  in  contemplating 
the  considerable  profits  on  the  most  widely 
circulated  of  these  promoters  of  popular  cul- 
ture. The  lower  the  price,  other  things  being 
equal,  the  larger  the  sales;  but  unless  there 
is  a  clear  profit,  however  small,  on  each  copy 
sold,  the  larger  the  sales  the  heavier  the  losses. 
A  certain  salesman  in  a  mammoth  department 
store  was  once  asked  how  it  was  that  his  house 
could  afford  to  sell  at  a  price  alleged  to  be 
below  cost  a  certain  article  advertised  among 
its  bargains.  "Why,  you  see,  we  make  our- 
selves whole  by  selling  such  an  enormous  num- 
ber," was  the  salesman's  glib  rejoinder.  The 
shilling  copyright  novel  that  seems  to  have 
established  itself  in  the  English  book-trade, 
can  only  be  produced  in  its  present  grade  of 
mechanical  excellence  on  the  assurance  of 
large  sales,  so  that  untried  talent  can  hardly 
hope  for  a  chance  to  appeal  to  the  great  pub- 
lic in  shilling  volumes.  The  whole  cost  of 
production  has  been,  of  necessity,  reduced  to 
an  astonishingly  low  figure,  and  a  royalty  of 
one  penny  on  each  copy  sold  has  to  be  reck- 
oned in  before  the  dealer's  profit  can  be  deter- 
mined. The  latter  is  said  to  be  as  much  as 
fivepence  per  copy,  divided  perhaps  between 
the  wholesale  and  the  retail  handler  of  the 
book,  so  that  to  one  examining  the  matter  the 
marvel  is  that  so  good  an  article  can  be  manu- 
factured and  sold  without  bankrupting  some- 
body. No  wonder  there  is  risk  in  the  operation, 
and  an  imperative  necessity  of  large  and  brisk 
sales.  ... 

IN  MEMORY  OF  EPHRAIM  WILLIAMS,  the  gal- 
lant soldier  who  served  with  distinction  in 
King  George's  War,  built  Fort  Massachusetts, 
near  Williamstown,  commanded  a  Massachu- 
setts regiment  in  the  French  and  Indian  War, 
lost  his  life  in  the  battle  of  Lake  George, 
Sept.  8,  1755,  and  (his  chief  claim  to  immor- 
tality) founded  at  Williamstown  the  free 


school  which  afterward  became  Williams  Col- 
lege,—  in  memory  of  this  brave  soldier,  ardent 
patriot,  and  true  gentleman,  some  utterances 
on  the  occasion  of  the  two-hundredth  anniver- 
sary of  his  birth  have  of  late  found  their  way 
into  print  and  are  deserving  of  note,  especially 
as  it  has  not  often  been  given  to  an  American 
college  to  celebrate  the  bicentennial  of  its 
founder.  From  Professor  John  H.  Hewitt's 
commemorative  address  let  us  quote  a  sentence 
or  two.  "  That  Colonel  Williams  was  a  man 
of  superior  native  gifts  which  he  had  culti- 
vated is  evidenced  not  only  by  his  letters, 
whose  directness  and  terseness  remind  one  of 
some  of  the  letters  of  General  Grant  written 
on  the  field  of  battle,  but  also  by  the  list  of 
books  mentioned  in  his  will,  which  books  show 
that  he  was  a  man  not  only  of  wide  reading 
for  that  time,  but  of  good  literary  taste.  .  .  I 
have  sought  in  vain  to  find  in  his  letters  any 
expression  of  malice  or  ill-feeling  toward  any 
to  whom,  or  concerning  whom,  he  was  writing. 
That  he  was  a  gentleman,  in  the  widest  sense 
of  the  term  and  with  all  that  the  word  implies, 
is  evident  from  the  following  statements  of 
President  Fitch,  whose  words  undoubtedly 
express  a  reliable  tradition :  '  His  address 
was  easy,  and  his  manner  pleasing  and  con- 
ciliating. Affable  and  facetious,  he  could 
make  himself  agreeable  in  all  companies ;  and 
was  very  generally  esteemed,  respected,  and 
beloved.  His  kind  and  obliging  deportment, 
his  generosity  and  condescension,  greatly  en- 
deared him  to  his  soldiers.  By  them  he  was 
uncommonly  beloved  while  he  lived,  and 

lamented  when  he  died.'  " 

... 

A  RENOVATED  AND  ENNOBLED  FRENCH  PRESS 

forms  the  subject  of  a  well-written  though 
somewhat  florid  article  by  M.  Alfred  Capus, 
member  of  the  French  Academy,  in  the 
"  Revue  Hebdomadaire."  After  reviewing  the 
important  part  thus  far  played  by  French 
journalism  in  the  present  crisis,  the  writer 
says,  toward  the  end :  "  Despite  all  the  blem- 
ishes in  its  history,  the  press  deserves  now  our 
full  confidence:  in  these  tragic  days  it  has 
discovered  the  extent  of  its  influence  on  opin- 
ion and  the  importance  of  its  role  during  the 
war.  All  the  phases  of  the  conflict  are  re- 
flected in  its  columns,  as  are  all  the  emotions, 
all  the  hopes,  of  the  French  soul.  It  has  be- 
come more  narrowly  entwined  in  the  life  of 
the  country  than  it  ever  was ;  it  has  inter- 
preted the  sentiments  of  France,  it  has  faith- 
fully represented  France  in  action ;  and  this 
collaboration  France  can  never  forget." 
Strengthened  and  ennobled,  affirms  M.  Capus, 
will  be  the  French  press  that  emerges  from 
this  national  struggle,  and  finally :  "  On  look- 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


411 


ing  back  it  will  perceive  the  risks  that  it  once 
incurred,  and  how,  at  certain  moments,  it 
came  near  to  forfeiting  its  good  name  by  in- 
dustrialism and  violence:  and  how,  then,  it 
recovered  its  balance  and  acquired  morality, 
culture,  and  poise.  The  war  of  1914  will 
prove  to  have  been  its  supreme  test.  Far 
from  having  foundered,  it  has  taken  on  an 
incomparable  air  of  dignity.  It  has  bathed 
itself  anew  in  its  true  well-spring,  and  it  has 
seen  of  what  it  was  capable  when  it  was  de- 
fending the  cause  of  the  Fatherland.  Its  role 
during  the  war  will  have  been  the  glorious 
prelude  to  its  role  after  the  war,  when  the 
country  will  have  to  be  reconstituted  and 
France  set  back  upon  the  true  course  of  her 
history."  .  .  . 

A  NEW  RUSSIAN  GENIUS  makes  his  advent  in 
our  western  world  through  a  series  of  transla- 
tions that  have  been  appearing  with  increasing 
frequency  during  the  last  few  years.  "  Poet 
Lore  "  seems  to  have  been  among  the  first  to 
discover  the  noteworthy  quality  of  Leonid 
Andreieff s  dramatic  compositions,  for  as  long 
ago  as  1907  it  printed  an  English  version  of 
"  To  the  Stars,"  and  four  years  later  it  admit- 
ted to  its  pages  "  King  Hunger."  "Anathema  " 
was  published  in  1910  by  the  Macmillan  Co., 
"  Sawa  "  and  "  The  Life  of  Man  "  by  Mr. 
Mitchell  Kennerley  in  1914,  "  Karal "  and 
"  The  Sabine  Women  "  achieved  publicity  the 
same  year,  as  also  "  Love  of  One's  Neighbor," 
and  the  Scribners  have  this  year  issued  "  The 
Black  Maskers,"  "  The  Life  of  Man,"  and  "  The 
Sabine  Women."  Duplications  in  the  forego- 
ing list  indicate  different  translations,  and 
mark  also  a  notable  measure  of  popularity.  In 
due  time  this  new  writer  may  become  even  bet- 
ter known  to  our  theatre-goers  than  to  our 
book-readers.  Realism  seems  to  be  the  charac- 
teristic of  his  earlier  plays,  as  also  of  the  stories 
he  wrote  when  first  essaying  authorship  as  a 
means  of  support ;  but  idealism,  the  stuff  that 
dreams  are  made  of,  found  a  place  in  his 
art  not  long  afterward.  The  tragic  intensity 
of  the  Russian  temperament  is  not  wanting 
in  this  writer,  whose  hard  life  at  one  time 
brought  him  to  the  verge  of  suicide.  The  fact 
that  he  has  by  turns  plied  the  brush  of  a 
portrait-painter  and  carried  the  green  bag  of  a 
lawyer,  besides  acting  at  times  as  private  tutor, 
proves  the  versatility  of  his  talents  and  helps 
to  quicken  our  interest  in  his  many-sided  per- 
sonality. .  .  . 

RETROSPECTS  OF  A  QUARTERLY  REVIEWER 
agreeably  fill  some  pages  of  one  of  our  current 
magazines.  Senator  Henry  Cabot  Lodge  con- 
tributes to  "  The  North  American  Review  "  a 
reminiscent  sketch  of  his  early  connection 


with  that  periodical  when  it  was  wont  to 
appear  only  four  times  a  year  instead  of 
twelve.  It  was  in  1872,  he  tells  us,  that  he 
became,  to  his  great  pride  and  delight,  its 
assistant  editor,  a  position  that  he  held  until 
1876.  After  contemplating  the  vicissitudes 
this  centenarian  has  passed  through,  he  thus 
concludes  his  pleasant  memories :  "  Yet  '  The 
North  American  Review '  survives,  more  fre- 
quent in  publication  than  at  the  outset,  but 
more  vigorous  than  ever.  Best  of  all,  after 
many  wanderings  and  in  these  days  of  haste 
and  hurry,  the  restoration  of  the  qualities 
which  gave  it  its  old  position  has  been  found 
possible,  and  the  criticism  of  literature  and  the 
purely  literary  articles  have  returned  to  its 
pages,  where  they  were  once  thought  to  be 
fatal  to  popularity  and  to  sales.  To  those  who 
are  interested  in  American  literature  and  let- 
ters, this  is  encouraging  in  a  direction  where 
encouragement  is  much  needed,  and  should  be 
a  matter  for  congratulation  to  all  who  care  to 
see  serious  subjects  seriously  and  ably  treated, 
whose  intellectual  appetites  are  not  wholly  sat- 
isfied by  pictures,  and  who  would  not  have 
literature  forgotten  in  a  great  periodical  re- 
view. It  is  an  especial  satisfaction  to  one  who, 
like  myself,  has  a  personal  affection  for  our 
century-old  'Review,'  and  who  cannot  even 
repeat  the  name  without  calling  up  some 
happy  memories  from  a  past  which  now  seems 
very  distant  in  this  fast-moving  if  not  always 
improving  world." 

MARK  TWAIN'S  CONTRIBUTION  TO  BELGIAN 
RELIEF  would  have  been  no  stinted  one  had  his 
life  been  extended  into  these  soul-harrowing 
times.  That  with  tongue  and  pen  he  would 
have  made  some  pertinent  and  memorable 
utterances  concerning  Belgium's  part  in  re- 
cent history,  there  can  be  no  doubt ;  nor  would 
other  and  more  substantial  evidence  of  his 
attitude  have  been  wanting.  What  he  cannot 
now  do  in  person  his  literary  executor,  Mr. 
Albert  Bigelow  Paine,  has  attempted  in  some 
small  measure  to  do  for  him  by  contributing 
to  the  recent  auction  sale  of  authors'  manu- 
scripts in  aid  of  Belgium  an  unpublished 
piece  of  writing  from  Mr.  Clemens's  pen  enti- 
tled "  The  New  War  Scare,"  written  in  1898 
and  covering  twenty-nine  pages  in  the  author's 
handwriting.  This  sale,  instituted  at  Dr.  Ros- 
siter  Johnson's  suggestion,  and  carried  out 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Authors'  Club  in 
New  York,  took  place  on  the  twentieth  of  this 
month  at  the  Anderson  Galleries,  whose  pro- 
prietors gave  their  services,  in  printing  and 
distributing  the  catalogue  and  conducting  the 
sale,  as  their  contribution  to  the  cause,  while 
our  Minister  at  the  Hague,  himself  a  member 


412 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  27 


of  the  club  referred  to,  took  upon  himself  the 
.  distribution  of  the  accruing  fund.  Long  and 
impressive  is  the  list  of  authors,  American  and 
English,  whose  manuscripts  or  other  contribu- 
tions, such  as  volumes  of  their  works  with 
autograph  accompaniments,  went  to  swell  this 
rather  remarkable  sale.  Welcome  and  consid- 
erable as  will  be  the  fund  placed  in  Dr.  Van 
Dyke's  hands  for  the  relief  of  suffering,  the 
significance  of  the  event,  in  its  several  aspects, 
is  far  greater.  .  .  , 

THE  CHILDREN'S  NEED  OF  SHAKESPEARE  as 
an  educative  influence  in  their  formative  and 
impressionable  years  was  wisely  emphasized 
by  Miss  Ellen  Terry  in  a  parting  utterance  as 
she  embarked  for  England  a  short  time  ago. 
"As  for  the  Germans,"  she  is  quoted  as  saying, 
"one  must  acknowledge  that  they  honor 
Shakespeare  in  the  best  of  all  possible  ways, 
by  the  frequent  performance  of  his  dramas. 
I  wish  England  and  America  would  do  even 
more,  by  building  a  theatre  in  his  honor.  You 
know,  in  Germany  you  can  hardly  go  into  a 
city  without  finding  a  performance  of  one  of 
Shakespeare's  plays,  while  here  and  in  En- 
gland, of  late,  '  it  is  a  custom  more  honoured 
in  the  breach  than  the  observance.'  And  don't 
you  know,  I  feel  that  this  neglect  of  Shake- 
speare is  akin  to  a  crime.  For  what  about  the 
children  who  are  growing  up  now?  Are  they 
to  know  nothing  of  the  work  of  the  greatest 
master  of  the  English  stage?  Must  they  go 
through  their  lives  without  the  wonderful  in- 
spiration that  the  beauty  and  poetry  of  Shake- 
speare gave  those  of  us  who  are  older  and  had 
the  opportunity  to  see  his  plays  in  the  forma- 
tive period  of  our  lives  ?  It  is  the  children  I 
am  pleading  for  when  I  plead  for  Shake- 
speare." But  it  is  possible,  in  the  dearth  of 
Shakespeare  performances  on  the  stage,  for 
children  to  catch  something  of  his  magic 
charm  from  the  printed  page,  from  Charles 
and  Mary  Lamb's  "  Tales  "  if  not  immediately 
and  in  tender  years  from  the  plays  themselves. 
One  is  reminded  here  of  the  late  Dr.  Furness's 
expression  of  "  measureless  content "  whenever 
he  heard  of  young  readers  being  kindled  to 
new  zeal  for  Shakespeare  study  by  any  word 
of  his.  ... 

AN  ADDITION  TO  THE  EPHEMERAL  LITERATURE 

OF  THE  WAR  is  promised  in  the  near  future  in 
the  form  of  "  a  real  American  newspaper,"  to 
be  published  in  New  York  by  certain  German- 
American  organizations  of  that  city,  and  striv- 
ing to  be  "  absolutely  impartial,  doing  full 
justice  to  the  German  cause."  A  warrant  for 
the  attainment  of  the  latter  half  of  this  pur- 
pose, if  not  of  the  first,  may  be  found  in  the 
announcement  that  Professor  Miinsterberg 


will  act  as  head  of  the  publication's  advisory 
board ;  and  another  noted  scholar  and  writer 
of  German  extraction,  Dr.  Hugo  Schweitzer, 
an  industrial  scientist  who  has  written  with  au- 
thority on  Germany's  economic  and  industrial 
condition,  will  hold  the  office  of  president  of 
the  publishing  association  which  is  to  put  the 
new  journal  into  circulation.  The  number  of 
periodicals  which  the  war  has  called  into  being, 
most  of  them  in  Europe,  of  course,  is  now 
beyond  counting,  as  is  also  the  multitude  of 
smaller  newspapers  and  magazines  that  have 
been  forced  by  the  same  agency  to  suspend 
publication.  The  mark  of  militarism,  in  its 
present  manifestation,  is  impressing  itself  in 
various  unmistakable  ways  on  the  world  of 
print,  no  less  than  on  the  world  of  politics, 
economics,  commerce,  agriculture,  manufac- 
turing, social  intercourse,  and  in  fact  nearly 
every  other  form  of  human  activity. 
... 

A     NOTABLE     GIFT     TO     WILLIAMS     COLLEGE 

LIBRARY  is  reported.  The  giver  is  Mr.  Alfred 
C.  Chapin,  a  graduate  of  the  college  in  the 
class  of  1869,  and  already  known  for  his  gift  of 
Grace  Hall,  the  beautiful  auditorium  that 
adorns  the  campus.  This  welcome  addition  to 
the  library  is  a  collection  of  rare  and  valuable 
old  books,  chief  among  them  being  a  perfect 
copy  of  John  Eliot's  Indian  Bible,  a  copy  con- 
cerning which  the  assertion  is  made  that  no 
other  now  known  to  be  in  existence  is  in  so 
good  a  state  of  preservation.  A  second  folio 
Shakespeare,  likewise  in  excellent  condition; 
"  Poems "  by  William  Cullen  Bryant,  Cam- 
bridge, 1821 ;  first  editions  of  Pope's  "  Essay 
on  Criticism,"  Bacon's  "Advancement  of 
Learning,"  Jeremy  Taylor's  "  Liberty  of 
Prophecy,"  and  Milton's  "  Liberty  of  Unli- 
censed Printing  "  —  these  are  a  few  of  the 
more  important  items  in  the  collection.  The 
Bryant  volume  finds  a  singularly  appropriate 
resting-place  (it  is  too  precious  to  circulate) 
within  the  precincts  familiar  to  the  poet  in  his 
student  days,  now  more  than  a  century  ago. 
By  a  fortunate  coincidence,  though  there  may 
be  a  causative  relation  in  it,  the  college  trus- 
tees have  just  voted  an  extensive  addition  to 
the  congested  library  building,  one  that  will 
provide  much  additional  shelf  room  for  the 
growing  book-collection. 

•        •        • 

NEGLECTED  CENTENARIES  seem  to  be  very 
much  the  order  of  the  day  in  these  troubled 
times.  The  excellent  Anthony  Trollope's  birth 
occurred  one  hundred  years  ago  last  month 
(April  24),  but  the  centennial  recurrence  of 
that  date  caused  hardly  greater  commotion  in 
the  world  at  large  than  did  his  first  appearance 
on  this  mortal  scene.  Another  English  nov- 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


413 


elist  of  nearly  equal  fame  was  the  object  of 
similar  neglect  when  his  centenary  occurred 
last  summer  —  some  weeks,  too,  before  the 
fatal  first  of  August.  Charles  Reade  is  prob- 
ably better  known  for  a  comparatively  small 
amount  of  good  work  than  Trollope  for  an 
unusual  number  of  novels  of  well-sustained 
excellence.  But  neither  "  The  Cloister  and  the 
Hearth  "  nor  the  Barchester  series  has  proved 
potent  in  arousing  any  considerable  centennial 
enthusiasm  over  their  respective  authors.  In 
a  few  weeks  there  will  fall  another  and  even 
more  important  centenary,  of  a  very  different 
character,  but  for  obvious  reasons  no  uniting 
of  the  nations  in  celebration  of  the  event  is  to 
be  expected,  albeit  a  sort  of  unpremeditated 
reproduction  of  that  historic  occurrence  on  the 
Belgian  plain  to  the  south  of  Brussels,  when 
the  eighteenth  day  of  June  next  comes  around, 
is  not  beyond  the  bounds  of  possibility. 


COMMUNICATIONS. 

IN  PEAISE  OF  THOMASES. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

Woodrow  Wilson's  literary  reputation,  once  a 
liability,  is  no  longer  held  against  him.  If  he  can 
explicate  the  Mexican  complication,  reduce  the  cost 
of  living  through  tariff  legislation,  not  only  bust 
some  trusts  but  subject  the  great  offenders  to  com- 
plete combustion,  and  secure  the  approval  of  the 
trend  of  events  on  the  Repeal  of  Canal  Tolls  Ex- 
emption, Regional  Banks,  and  his  refusal  to  bestow 
his  name  on  his  grandson,  the  nation  may  even  be 
willing  to  forget  that  he  once  taught  in  a  Methodist 
college  and  later,  miserabile  dictu,  in  a  Presbyterian 
university.  But  what  right-minded  Thomases  every- 
where can  never  forgive  is  that  he  deliberately  con- 
ceals the  source  of  his  literary  inspiration;  he 
repudiates  his  "  Thomas." 

This  is  inexplicable  from  every  point  of  view  — 
except  one  which  hints  darkly  of  early  ambitions 
for  power.  Europe  never  had  an  important  King 
Thomas.  There  seems  to  be  a  shy,  sturdy,  inde- 
pendent quality  in  the  name  which  renders  it  unfit 
for  either  a  truckling  adventurer  or  a  conquering 
leader.  So  our  President  was  willing  to  accept  the 
hereditary  benefactions  of  his  name,  so  potent  in 
literature;  but  fearful  of  its  political  threat,  he 
has  not  acknowledged  it  in  public. 

It  may  or  may  not  be  regarded  as  worth  noting 
that  America  has  had  just  two  literary  presidents, 
and  they  were  both  christened  "  Thomas."  True, 
Abraham  Lincoln  committed  to  posterity  some 
speeches  acknowledged  the  greatest  pieces  of  ora- 
tory in  the  nineteenth  century;  but  he  was  not 
primarily  a  man  of  letters.  Certain  other  presi- 
dents have  committed  themselves  to  paper;  but 
they  were  not  and  are  not  even  secondarily  men  of 
letters.  It  cannot  be  seriously  questioned  that  we 
have  had  just  two  literary  presidents,  Thomas 
Jefferson  and  Thomas  Woodrow  Wilson.  (Why 
they  should  both  be  Democrats  I  do  not  at  this 


moment  know,  though  I  have  no  doubt  one  could 
in  a  short  time  evolve  a  very  good  reason.) 

Didymus,  one  of  the  twelve,  the  first  historical 
Thomas,  and  the  only  one  whose  Didymic  claims 
have  the  slightest  plausibility,  has  enjoyed  the  usual 
notoriety  of  the  scientific  pioneer.  But  for  all  that, 
his  doubt  has  proved  of  more  service  to  the  spread 
of  his  Master's  good  news  than  has  the  faith  of 
Peter.  The  Middle  Ages  paid  him  tribute  by 
naming  three  of  its  greatest  men  for  him :  Thomas 
Aquinas,  scholar,  Thomas  a  Kempis,  saint,  and 
Thomas  a  Becket,  soldier-statesman-priest-martyr. 
What  triumvirate  of  Johns  or  Williams  or  Georges 
in  the  Middle  Ages  can  compare  with  these  three? 
Possibly  to  the  extraordinary  popularity  of  the 
last-named  is  due  the  immense  harvest  of  English 
Thomases  that  has  followed.  Do  but  notice  the  list, 
with  the  particular  work  or  quality  of  each : 

Thomas  Occleve The  Regement  of  Princes. 

Sir  Thomas  Malory Morte  d'Arthur. 

Thomas  More Utopia. 

Thomas  Nash Plays. 


Thomas  Campion 


•  Songs. 

Religio  Medici. 


Sir  Thomas  Browne 

Thomas  Hobbes Leviathan. 

Thomas  Parnell Contentment. 

Thomas  Percy Reliques. 

Thomas  Gray Elegy. 

Thomas  Chatterton Rowley  Ballads  and  a  fleet- 
ing glimpse  of  the  most  startling  genius  ever 
known. 

Tom  Moore Songs. 

Tom  Hood Poems  and  courage. 

Thomas  De  Quincey Suspiria  de  Profundis. 

Thomas  Babington  Macaulay Essays  and  that 

cursed  boon,  the  balanced  sentence. 

Thomas  Carlyle  — • —  Sartor  Resartus,  the  greatest 
spiritual  dynamic  of  his  century. 

Thomas  Henry  Huxley Essays  and  honesty. 

Thomas  Arnold Rugby. 

Thomas  Hardy The  finest  novels  in  English. 

Add  to  this  array  of  services  the  Summa 
Theologica  of  Aquinas,  the  Imitation  of  Christ  of 
a  Kempis,  and  the  Shrine  at  Canterbury  of 
a  Becket,  and  I  challenge  any  other  name  in  the 
scroll  to  show  a  commensurable  gift  to  the  world. 

The  poets  are  not  so  great;  Didymus  was  not  a 
poet.  But  what  a  heaven  of  prose-men !  The  nine- 
teenth century,  the  age  of  doubt  and  reconstruction, 
is  very  properly  the  Milky  Way  for  the  Thomases. 
Carlyle  and  Hardy !  There  are  none  to  stand  above 
them.  America,  be  it  said,  shows  a  difference. 
Thomas  Paine,  the  keenest  of  sceptics  as  well  as 
the  stanchest  of  patriots,  and  Thomas  Jefferson, 
shrewdly  suspected  of  religious  heterodoxy,  too 
strongly  favored  the  original  Didymus,  and  careful 
American  mothers  avoided  the  possibility  of  con- 
tagion. Thomas  B.  Read,  Thomas  B.  Aldrich, 
Thomas  W.  Higginson,  and  Tom  Daly  braved  the 
issue,  but  WToodrow  Wilson  dodged  too  late. 

A  scrutiny  of  the  Blessed  is  incomplete  without 
a  glance  at  the  Damned.  (How  should  one  know 
the  Blessed  else?)  Was  there  ever  a  damned 
Thomas?  Was  there  ever  a  great  villain  who  bore 
the  name?  In  this  field  we  feel  the  lack  of  a  mod- 
ern Dante.  The  fact  that  no  Thomas  has  yet  been 
inducted  to  the  Ananias  Club  is  rather  good  nega- 
tive evidence  —  that  is,  no  one  except  the  Presi- 
dent, who  has  forfeited  his  right  of  sanctuary. 


414 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  27 


A  bird's-eye  view  of  history  reveals  no  king  or  pope 
who  has  made  the  name  infamous,  and  fails  to 
bring  to  light  a  single  great  rogue  Thomas.  True, 
a  few  millionaires  stumbled  on  the  name  somehow, 
but  even  among  these  there  is  leaven.  One  turned 
traitor  to  his  class  a  few  years  ago,  and  justified  his 
literary  heritage  in  yellow  journalism  de  luxe. 

Some  un-Thomassed  person  may  unkindly  say 
this  praise  would  come  more  acceptably  from  him- 
self,—  that  a  Thomas  should  have  more  modesty, 
that  he  should  be  ashamed  of  such  conceit,  and  so 
on.  I  am  ashamed,  but  not  of  my  conceit.  The 
obscure  author  must  be  the  reverse  of  "  cocky,"  for 
his  facts  are  a  condemnation  of  himself;  the  more 
factual  they  are,  the  more  condemnatory.  This, 
then,  is  an  exercise  in  humiliation.  But  there  is  a 
word  to  be  said  in  simple  justice  and  extenuation. 
Unlike  the  President  of  the  United  States,  who  fled 
his  name,  the  writer  sought  it  in  anguish  of  heart, 
for  in  his  youth  he  was  called  "  Percy."  Let  no 
thoughtless  person  gibe  or  permit  himself  the  care- 
less luxury  of  persiflage ! 

THOMAS  PEBCIVAL  BEYER. 

St.  Paul,  Minn.,  May  20,  1915. 


SOME  THOUGHTS  ON  THE  PEESENT 

GENEKATION. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 
Even  at  the  risk  of  being  called  a  Words- 
worthian,  it  may  surely  not  be  amiss  to  protest 
against  Mr.  Hale's  suggestion,  in  his  article  on 
"  The  Present  Generation  "  in  your  issue  of  May  13, 
that  Wordsworth's  message  to  us  of  to-day  is  per- 
haps negligible.  The  representatives  of  the  modern 
movement  fuse  liberty  and  law;  with  them  dis- 
cipline becomes  devotion,  devotion  discipline.  But 
did  not  Wordsworth  say  all  that,  and  more,  a 
century  ago?  Where,  in  the  writings  of  Kipling, 
Wells,  or  Bernard  Shaw,  do  we  find  anything  on 
the  subject  rising  to  the  heights  of  the  following 
stanza  from  the  "  Ode  to  Duty  "  ? 
"  Stern  Lawgiver!  yet  them  dost  wear 

The  Godhead's  most  benignant  grace; 

Nor  know  we  anything  so  fair 

As  is  the  smile  upon  thy  face: 

Flowers  laugh  before  thee  on  their  beds, 

And  fragrance  in  thy  footing  treads; 

Thou  dost  preserve  the  stars  from  wrong; 

And  the  most  ancient  heavens,  through  thee,  are 
fresh  and  strong." 

The  novelists  and  dramatists  and  poets  of  to-day 
are  for  the  most  part  very,  very  solemn.  They 
take  both  themselves  and  their  readers  far  too 
seriously.  Wordsworth  made  joy  "  its  own  secur- 
ity." Though  all  else  he  has  written  go  by  the 
board,  if  that  one  ode  contains  no  message  for  our 
time  the  misfortune  is  ours. 

What  a  boon  it  must  have  been  merely  to  be  alive 
in  those  memorable  days  of  the  year  1880,  which 
Mr.  Hale  pictures  so  vividly,  when  men  thought 
only  about  the  mugwump  movement  and  civil  ser- 
vice reform !  Our  generation  is  so  hopelessly  bent 
on  doing  things  and  getting  them  done,  and  wreak- 
ing misfortunes  and  wrongs  for  the  purpose  of  find- 
ing more  things  to  do  and  getting  them  done.  No 
greater  calamity  could  befall  our  busy  age  than  the 
discovery  that  the  slums  had  been  cleaned  up,  that 


wars  were  at  an  end,  and  that  there  were  no  longer 
any  brothers,  or  nations,  crying  out  for  their  souls' 
keepers.  No  one  now  thinks  of  reading  Coleridge's 
"  Christabel "  through  twice;  for  the  joy  of  the 
incomplete,  the  dreamy,  the  meaningless,  is  not  our 
joy.  We  make  religion  practical,  ignoring  the 
splendid  opportunities  once  afforded  men  for 
speculating  on  the  vague,  the  unknowable,  and  the 
unknown.  It  grows  monotonous  and  melancholy, 
this  feigning  that  all  is  well.  At  the  best,  we  are 
nothing  but  primitives  plus  the  veneer  of  civiliza- 
tion, and  why  blink  the  fact?  In  philosophy,  too, 
we  are  pragmatists :  whatever  goes  as  a  working 
principle,  goes.  Thales,  standing  on  the  shores  of 
the  Mediterranean  and  determining  on  water  as  the 
first  principle  of  life,  is  one  of  the  most  poetical 
figures  the  world  has  ever  known ;  but  old  Thales  is 
forgotten.  His  thinking  was  of  no  use:  it  was 
something  we  could  doubt.  That  is  philosophy. 

It  was  Sylvester  of  Johns  Hopkins,  brilliant  logi- 
cian and  mathematician,  lover  of  poetry  and  music, 
who  is  said  to  have  spent  months  over  a  difficult 
problem,  willing  to  forgo  both  food  and  sleep  while 
remonstrating  friends  pointed  out  the  folly  of  his 
unpractical  task.  He  persisted,  despite  protests. 
When  the  problem  was  solved,  all  that  he  is  reported 
to  have  exclaimed  is,  "  Thank  God,  it's  of  no  use !  " 
And  Sylvester,  too,  is  dead.  A.  0. 

Chicago,  May  19,  1915. 


WAE  POETEY  IN  GEEMANY. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

From  a  recent  issue  of  the  "  Protestant  Weekly 
Letter,"  which  has  come  to  me  from  Berlin,  I  copy 
verbatim  et  punctuatim  the  following  as  of  pos- 
sible interest  to  the  readers  of  THE  DIAL  : 

"  The  general  uplift  brought  about  by  the  war  and 
most  evident  in  the  sphere  of  religious  thought,  finds 
expression  also  in  a  remarkable  fact,  which  may  be 
told  in  two  lines  but  speaks  volumes,  more  than  many 
a  long  story:  from  the  declaration  of  war  until  into 
the  late  fall  of  1914  about  1^  million  new  patriotic 
songs  were  written  and  printed.  .  .  .  The  unnumerable 
unprinted  poems  are  not  included. 

"  It  is  impossible  for  me  to  even  make  an  attempt 
in  judging  this  enormous  production  of  poetry  as  to 
its  literary  value,  no  one  is  capable  of  doing  this,  nor 
will  any  one  ever  be.  The  mere  fact  of  this  immense 
quantity  may  act  as  a  guide  in  forming  an  opinion  on 
the  mental  attitude  of  Germany's  millions  during  this 
world-embracing  conflict.  Side  by  side  with  the  well- 
known  names  of  our  national  poets  of  the  present  age 
stand  those  of  thousands  of  unknown,  whose  poetic 
vein  was  awakened  by  the  unusual  events  of  this  gen- 
eral conflagration.  Old  and  young  and  extremely 
young,  men  and  women,  farmers  and  business-men, 
ulans,  artillerists  and  pioneers,  seamen  and  pilots  of 
air-craft,  deaconesses,  physicians,  students  and  pupils, 
army  generals  and  University  professors  compete  with 
politicians  and  men  of  administrative  ability.  Judg- 
ing this  mass  of  literature  from  a  purely  artistic 
standpoint,  there  is  no  doubt  that  much  of  it  is  murky, 
although  well-meant,  and  worthless  trash;  but  as  a 
manifestation  of  the  country's  soul,  it  is,  taken  as  a 
whole,  something  stirringly  great,  like  a  huge  phe- 
nomenon in  nature.  The  most  intensive  mental  and 
spiritual  life  of  the  nation  can  only  find  expression  in 
the  pathos  of  poetry."  ARTHUB  HOWARD  NOLL. 

Sewanee,  Tenn.,  May  17,  1915. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


415 


MISS  MITFORD  AS  A   IjETTER-AYrRITER.* 

Elegant  ease  and  abundant  leisure  amid  a 
charming  rural  environment,  with  all  condi- 
tions favorable  for  an  occasional  exercise  of 
her  graceful  pen,  for  pleasure  only,  of  course, 
and  never  for  pecuniary  profit  —  this,  or 
something  like  it,  might  be  the  casual  reader's 
general  impression  concerning  the  earthly  lot 
of  her  who  nearly  a  century  ago  entertained 
an  applauding  public  with  her  delightful 
sketches  of  "Our  Village."  How  far  from 
the  truth  any  such  impression  would  be, 
becomes  at  once  apparent  on  reviewing  the 
main  events  of  Miss  Mitford's  toilsome  life, 
and  especially  so  in  reading  the  recent  very 
agreeable  volume  prepared  by  Miss  Elizabeth 
Lee  and  entitled,  "Mary  Russell  Mitford: 
Correspondence  with  Charles  Boner  and  John 
Ruskin."  Newness  to  print  can  be  claimed 
only  for  the  Ruskin  letters,  which  include 
some  to  John  James  Ruskin  in  addition  to 
those  addressed  to  his  more  famous  son ;  the 
other  letters  named  were  made  public  in  1871, 
in  the  first  volume  of  Rosa  Mackenzie  Kettle's 
"  Memoirs  and  Letters  of  Charles  Boner." 

After  cheerfully  sacrificing  the  best  of  her 
years  and  far  too  much  of  her  strength  to  the 
support  of  a  father  who  had  squandered  his 
wife's  fortune  and  otherwise  proved  his  un- 
worthiness  of  the  unceasing  affection  and  even 
adulation  lavished  upon  him  by  that  wife  and 
that  daughter,  Miss  Mitford  was  still,  in  the 
closing  decade  of  her  industrious  life,  in  a 
condition  to  write  the  breezy  and  buoyant 
letters  that  are  now,  with  biographical  intro- 
duction and  useful  interspersed  matter,  pre- 
sented to  the  reader.  For  the  greater  part  of 
these  ten  years  (1845-55)  she  continued  to 
occupy  the  tumble-down  little  cottage  that  had 
been  the  family  home  since  1820, —  "  a  series 
of  closets,"  she  calls  it,  "  the  largest  of  which 
may  be  about  eight  feet  square/'  But  in 
1851,  after  pleading  in  vain  with  the  landlord 
for  necessary  repairs,  and  when,  as  she  writes, 
"if  we  had  stayed  much  longer  we  should 
have  been  buried  in  the  ruins,"  she  removed 
from  Three  Mile  Cross  ( for  that  was  the  name 
of  "Our  Village")  to  the  neighboring  village 
of  Swallowfield.  It  wras  a  wrench,  a  "  heart- 
tug,"  to  leave  the  old  home  so  rich  in  fond 
associations.  "  There  I  had  toiled  and  striven, 
and  tasted  as  deeply  of  bitter  anxiety,  of  fear, 
and  of  hope,  as  often  falls  to  the  lot  of 
woman,"  are  her  pathetic  words.  "  There  in 

*  MARY  RUSSELL  MITFORD.  Correspondence  with  Charles 
Boner  and  John  Ruskin.  Edited  by  Elizabeth  Lee.  With 
eight  illustrations.  Chicago :  Rand,  McNally  &  Co. 


the  fulness  of  age,  I  had  lost  those  whose  love 
had  made  my  home  sweet  and  precious.  .  .  . 
Friends,  many  and  kind,  had  come  to  that 
bright  garden,  and  that  garden  room.  The 
list  would  fill  more  pages  than  I  have  to  give. 
There  Mr.  Justice  Talfourd  had  brought  the 
delightful  gaiety  of  his  brilliant  youth,  and 
poor  Haydon  had  talked  more  vivid  pictures 
than  he  ever  painted.  The  illustrious  of  the 
last  century  —  Mrs.  Opie,  Jane  Porter,  Mr. 
Gary  —  had  mingled  there  with  poets  still  in 
their  earliest  dawn." 

Charles  Boner  made  Miss  Mitford's  ac- 
quaintance in  1845,  when  he  was  thirty  years 
old  and  she  nearly  fifty-eight.  He  is  best 
remembered  now,  perhaps,  as  the  introducer 
of  Hans  Andersen  to  English  readers,  his  ver- 
sions of  the  ever-popular  tales  being  made 
from  the  German,  and  one  volume  of  these 
translations  bearing  a  dedication  to  Miss  Mit- 
ford, whose  writings  he  had  long  admired. 
For  six  years  in  his  early  life  Boner  was 
tutor  to  the  artist  Constable's  two  oldest  sons, 
and  he  wrote  the  explanatory  and  descriptive 
matter  accompanying  "  Constable's  English 
Landscape,"  besides  helping  the  painter  in 
other  ways  with  his  pen.  Twenty  years  of  his 
life  he  gave  to  the  service  of  Prince  Thurn 
and  Taxis  at  Ratisbon,  as  tutor  to  his  chil- 
dren ;  and,  first  and  last,  he  made  himself  an 
intrepid  mountain-climber  and  skilful  cham- 
ois-hunter, as  might  be  inferred  from  his  book, 
"  Chamois  Hunting  in  the  Mountains  of 
Bavaria,"  to  which  his  correspondent  at  Swal- 
lowfield frequently  refers.  It  was  the  poet 
Wordsworth  who,  on  receiving  a  visit  from 
Boner  at  Rydal  Mount,  suggested  that  the 
young  man  seek  the  acquaintance  of  Miss 
Mitford,  which  he  was  evidently  very  glad  to 
do ;  and  that  the  pleasure  was  not  all  on  one 
side  is  proved  by  the  lady's  words  in  a  letter 
of  later  date:  "Mr.  Boner  is  a  most  accom- 
plished man.  He  came  to  me  eight  or  nine 
years  ago  from  Mr.  Wordsworth,  and  we  have 
been  fast  friends  ever  since." 

As  to  the  Ruskin  friendship,  to  which  the 
less  bulky  but  perhaps  not  less  valuable  por- 
tion of  the  letters  now  presented  is  due,  it 
began  long  before  the  two  correspondents  met 
in  1847.  That  Miss  Mitford  was  highly 
pleased  with  the  man  from  the  very  first  of 
her  acquaintance  with  his  person,  in  January 
of  that  year,  need  surprise  no  one  familiar 
with  the  many  published  tributes  to  Ruskin's 
ingratiating  manner  and  abiding  charm. 
Charles  Eliot  Norton  wrote  of  him  long  after 
Miss  Mitford's  time,  "  He  still  remains  one  of 
the  most  interesting  men  in  the  \vorld."  She 
herself,  soon  after  meeting  him,  wrote  to  a 
friend :  "  Mr.  Ruskin  was  here  last  week,  and 


416 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  27 


is  certainly  the  most  charming  person  that  I 
have  ever  known.  .  .  .  He  is  just  what  if  one 
had  a  son  one  should  have  dreamt  of  his  turn- 
ing out,  in  mind,  manner,  conversation,  every- 
thing." Eleven  of  her  letters  to  the  son  and 
two  to  the  father  have  escaped  the  ravages  of 
time,  and  are  included  in  the  volume.  Recur- 
rent in  Miss  Mitford's  letters  are  the  names  of 
such  celebrities  of  her  time,  and  more  often 
than  not  of  her  personal  acquaintance,  as  the 
Brownings,  Miss  Martineau,  Henry  Chorley, 
Dean  Milman,  James  T.  Fields,  George  Tick- 
nor,  Charles  Kingsley,  Bishop  Wilberforce, 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cobden,  Joanna  Baillie,  Maria 
Edgeworth,  Mrs.  Somerville,  Leigh  Hunt,  and 
many  others;  so  that  her  correspondence 
constitutes  a  sort  of  early  Victorian  picture 
gallery  of  notables  and  their  manners  and 
customs. 

Miss  Mitford  is  not  new  to  the  world  as  a 
letter- writer,  since  Chorley's  edition  of  "Let- 
ters of  Mary  Russell  Mitford,"  in  two  vol- 
umes, has  been  accessible  to  readers  for  more 
than  forty  years,  and  L'Estrange's  biography 
of  her,  in  three  volumes,  contains  many  of  her 
letters,  as  does  also  his  later  work,  "  The 
Friendships  of  Mary  Russell  Mitford."  Nev- 
ertheless it  is  well  to  have  these  characteristic 
utterances  of  her  later  years  brought  together 
in  convenient  and  attractive  form.  They 
show  her  at  her  ripest  and  best  as  a  letter- 
writer,  and  though  they  cannot  be  expected  to 
raise  her  .to  the  rank  of  a  Madame  de  Sevigne 
in  this  department  of  polite  literature,  they 
establish  her  position,  if  it  be  not  already 
fixed,  in  the  company  of  those  friendly  and, 
in  no  malicious  sense,  gossipy,  and  wholly 
pleasing  and  entertaining  correspondents  of 
whom  Edward  FitzGerald  and  his  friend 
Fanny  Kemble  are  among  the  best  examples. 
Of  Miss  Mitford's  manner  in  letter- writing 
she  herself  has  something  significant  to  say  in 
one  of  her  last  communications  to  Boner, 
wherein  she  alludes  to  her  fondness  for  epis- 
tolary unrestraint,  but  seems  to  credit  herself 
with  rather  more  of  formality  in  her  copious 
letters  to  her  "friend  abroad"  than  is  actu- 
ally discoverable  in  them,  though  they  are  less 
impulsive  than  those  to  Ruskin.  She  says : 

"  Mrs.  Browning1,  to  whom  at  one  time  (that  is 
to  say,  for  many  years)  I  used  to  write  two  or 
three  times  a  week,  always  preferred  those  letters, 
written  in  a  far  more  complete  abandonment  than 
anything  I  should  do  in  the  way  of  autobiography, 
to  any  of  my  writings.  Professor  Tom  Taylor 
meant  (from  the  same  impression)  to  have  inserted 
all  I  would  have  permitted  of  my  letters  in  Hay- 
don's  correspondence,  and  John  Ruskin,  to  whom 
I  also  write  with  the  same  laisser  aller,  professes 
the  same  opinion.  You,  to  whom  I  have  chiefly 
written  as  a  sort  of  English  correspondent  to  a 


friend  abroad,  can  hardly,  perhaps,  judge  of  these 
frequent  and  habitual  epistles  where  the  pen  plays 
any  pranks  it  chooses." 

More  than  once  Miss  Mitford  makes  it  plain 
that  she  heartily  dislikes  "  the  trade  of  author- 
ship," however  willingly  she  may  receive  the 
substantial  returns  that  successful  writing 
brings  to  her  not  over-plethoric  purse.  What 
she  thoroughly  enjoyed  was  gardening  and 
social  intercourse  and  hours  of  uninterrupted 
reading  in  the  best  authors,  preferably 
French,  of  her  own  or  a  little  earlier  day.  In 
the  single  month  of  January,  1806,  she  ap- 
pears to  have  run  through  fifty-five  volumes, 
and  her  speed  as  a  reader  must  have  increased 
with  the  maturing  of  her  powers.  One  of  her 
earlier  letters  to  Boner  reveals  her  lack  of 
enthusiasm  for  the  production  of  books  for 
others  to  read.  This  is  the  vein  in  which  she 
writes,  with  considerable  untruth  as  to  the 
number  of  her  literary  friends  and  acquain- 
tances : 

"  I  have  to  thank  you  for  your  most  kind  letter, 
and  for  your  verses,  which  are  full  of  power;  and 
now  you  must  summon  all  your  indulgence  and  all 
your  faith  in  the  sincerity  of  my  esteem  and  my 
goodwill,  and  allow  me  to  entreat  you  to  find  some 
better  literary  agent  than  my  poor  self.  I  live  in 
the  country,  going  rarely,  if  ever,  to  London,  and 
then  to  one  house  only.  I  have  as  few  literary 
friends  and  acquaintances  as  is  well  possible,  and 
of  the  race  of  Editors  and  Journalists  I  know  abso- 
lutely nothing.  Then  if  I  write  to  proprietors  of 
magazines,  or  newspapers,  or  periodicals  of  any 
sort,  requesting  them  to  insert  a  friend's  poem,  the 
reply  is  sure  to  be  that  they  overflow  with  poetry, 
but  that  they  want  a  prose  story  from  me,  and 
most  likely  they  trump  up  a  story  of  some  pre- 
vious application,  and  dun  with  as  much  authority 
as  if  I  really  owed  them  the  article,  and  they  had 
paid  for  it.  Now  all  this  is  not  only  supremely 
disagreeable  to  me,  but  makes  me  a  most  ineffective 
and  useless  mediator  for  you.  You  should  have  a 
man  upon  the  spot  for  those  things,  and  not  an 
old  woman  at  a  distance,  hating  the  trade  of 
authorship,  and  keeping  as  much  aloof  as  possible 
from  all  its  tracasseries" 

One  extract  from  the  Ruskin  correspon- 
dence must  now  be  given,  and  it  will  show 
the  intimacy,  the  warmth  of  affection,  and  the 
height  of  admiration,  with  which  she  was 
wont  to  address  him. 

"  If  I  love  you  all  —  father,  mother,  and  son  — 
so  much  better  than  I  seem  to  have  a  right  to  do, 
calculating  only  our  personal  intercourse,  and  that 
only  with  one,  remember,  dear  friends,  that  it  is 
your  own  fault.  Recollect  that  for  a  dozen  years 
or  more  there  has  been  no  benefit  so  large  that  you 
have  not  conferred  it  —  no  attention  so  little  as  to 
be  omitted  by  either.  Then  to  say  nothing  of  books 
fuller  of  high  and  noble  thoughts  than  any  that 
have  appeared  since  the  great  age  of  English 
thinkers  over  which  Milton  and  Jeremy  Taylor 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


417 


shed  their  light,  and  to  which  Cowley  and  Izaak 
Walton  lent  their  sweetness,  I  have  received  from 
both  father  and  son  such  letters  as  could  only  be 
written  by  men  whose  minds  and  whose  lives  were 
filled  with  kindness  and  purity  and  holiness.  Yes ! 
I  have  all  the  right  to  love  you  that  such  knowledge 
and  an  ardent  gratitude  can  give  —  and  you  will 
pardon  an  intrusion  that  springs  from  such  a 
source." 

More  of  the  heart  than  of  the  head  do  we 
have  in  such  letters  as  this  to  Ruskin ;  but 
both  the  heart  and  the  head  are  shown,  in  the 
letters  as  a  whole,  to  be  those  of  a  noble  and 
loving  woman,  a  woman  unusually  endowed 
both  mentally  and  morally,  and  one  worthy  of 
the  wide  circle  of  distinguished  friends  who 
delighted  to  respond  to  an  invitation  to  the 
little  cottage  at  Three  Mile  Cross.  The  col- 
lection of  letters  telling  so  pleasantly  and 
informally  the  story  of  the  writer's  closing 
years,  and  appropriately  illustrated  with  por- 
traits and  views,  is  a  notable  contribution  to- 
early  Victorian  literary  history. 

PERCY  F.  BICKNELL. 


THE  EPIC  or  FREXCH  EXPLORATION 
ix  AMERICA.* 


It  is  seldom  that  there  appears  a  book  on 
just  the  plan  and  with  the  distinctive  char- 
acter of  Mr.  John  Finley's  "  The  French  in 
the  Heart  of  America."  In  this  country  we 
are  not  now  given  to  the  production  of  histori- 
cal wrorks  pitched  in  a  key  of  high  eloquence, 
and  persistently  maintained  at  that  pitch. 
The  Parkmans  and  the  Bancrofts  yield  place 
to  the  McMasters  and  the  Schoulers;  oratori- 
cal passion  surrenders  to  impassive  literal 
exactitude.  But  in  the  case  of  the  present 
work,  we  have  a  distinct  reversion  to  the 
older  type:  Mr.  Finley  confessedly  takes  for 
his  model  the  "Homeric  Parkman."  The 
"  Epilogue  "  to  this  book  is  actually  an  essay 
on  "Francis  Parkman:  The  Historian  of 
France  in  the  New  World." 

The  first  quality  of  Mr.  Finley's  work,  then, 
is  the  quality  of  spoken  eloquence, —  the  subtle 
factitiousness  which  somehow  seems  to  inhere 
in  the  production  designed  primarily  to  be 
heard,  rather  than  read.  It  must,  however,  be 
pointed  out  that  the  eloquence  here  is  not  the 
eloquence  of  Parkman;  it  is  really  the  elo- 
quence of  Finley.  And  we  may  well  believe  that 
these  speeches,  here  appearing  as  chapter  divi- 
sions, were  heard  by  attentive  and  fascinated 
ears  —  "  in  the  Amphitheatre  Richelieu  of  the 
Sorbonne,  in  Paris,  and  in  Lille,  Nancy,  Lyons, 
Grenoble,  Montpellier,  Toulouse,  Bordeaux, 

*  THE  FRENCH  IN  THE  HEART  OF  AMERICA.     By  John  Finley. 
New  York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 


Poictiers,  Rennes,  and  Caen."  Despite  the 
strain  which  comes  from  listening  to  one  who 
habitually  speaks  in  oratorical  tones,  one  feels 
that  the  first  half  of  this  book  is  best  treated 
that  way ;  the  last  half  suffers  disproportion- 
ately. It  is  not  history  that  the  author  writes : 
he  has  little  sense  for  real  continuity  and 
minor  detail,  the  massing  of  which  is  so  often 
indispensable  for  the  creation  of  true  historical 
perspective.  He  paints  with  a  brush  of  massive 
dimensions;  the  canvas  he  covers  with  heroic 
figures,  having  length  but  little  breadth  or 
depth.  Two  qualities,  deserving  of  singular 
commendation,  in  this  impressionistic  personal 
journal,  are  these:  the  author's  individual 
passion  for  sensing  origins  through  personal 
examination  at  the  source ;  and  his  constitu- 
tional devotion  to  the  world  of  out-of-doors 
and  the  sport  of  exercise,  which  has  carried 
him,  on  foot,  over  the  grand  routes  of  the 
French  explorers,  the  sinuous  courses  of  the 
forgotten  portages,  the  hidden  trails  of  the 
extinct  coureurs  de  bois. 

After  giving  us,  with  bright  tint  and  broad 
stroke,  the  historical  background  of  the  labors 
of  those  gallant  and  persevering  Frenchmen, 
and  a  suggestion  of  the  permanent  survivors 
of  that  once  dominant  civilization,  the  au- 
thor has  attempted  the  difficult  task  of  show- 
ing the  birth,  growrth,  and  development  of 
present-day  America  out  of  that  past,  and 
moulded  by  it.  The  subject,  we  realize,  is 
epic;  and,  true  poet  in  instinct,  the  author 
has  given  it  nothing  less  than  the  epic  treat- 
ment, We  feel  it  to  be  epic,  vast  —  as  the 
vivid  pictures  pass  us  in  brilliant  array: 
Jacques  Cartier  in  the  dim  middle  vast  of  the 
continent;  Champlain,  at  Quebec,  heroically 
struggling  for  the  permanence  of  his  foothold ; 
the  pious  Maisonneuve  at  Montreal ;  the  Chris- 
tian spirits  of  Le  Caron,  Brebeuf ,  and  Gamier, 
suffering  peril,  hardship,  torture,  and  death, 
that  the  heathen  may  know  God ;  the  winning 
of  Marquette  to  the  "  Great  Water  " ;  and  the 
ultimate  triumph  of  La  Salle.  The  tone  of  the 
book  may  be  caught  in  the  following  character- 
istic passage : 

"And,  seeing  and  hearing  all  this  again,  we  have 
seen  a  land  as  large  as  all  Europe  emerge  from  the 
unknown  at  the  evocation  of  pioneers  of  France, 
who  stood  all,  or  nearly  all,  sooner  or  later  within 
three  or  four  kilometres  of  the  very  place  in  which 
I  sit  writing  these  words.  Cartier  gave  to  the 
world  the  St.  Lawrence  River  as  far  as  the  Falls  of 
Lachine;  Champlain,  his  Recollect  friars  and 
Jesuit  priests  and  heralds  of  the  woods,  added  the 
upper  lakes;  and  Marquette,  Joliet,  La  Salle, 
Tonty,  Hennepin,  Radisson,  Groseilliers,  Iberville, 
Bienville,  Le  Soeur,  La  Harpe,  the  Verendrye  — 
father  and  sons  —  and  scores  of  other  Frenchmen, 
many  of  forgotten  names,  added  the  valley  of  the 


418 


THE    DIAL 


[  May  27 


river  of  a  hundred  thousand  streams,  from  where  at 
the  east  the  French  creek  begins  a  few  miles  from 
Lake  Erie  to  flow  toward  the  Ohio,  even  to  the 
sources  of  the  Missouri  in  the  snows  of  the  Rock- 
ies — '  the  most  magnificent  dwelling-place,'  again 
to  recall  De  Tocqueville,  '  prepared  by  God  for 
man's  abode;  the  valley  destined  to  give  the  world 
a  field  for  a  new  experiment  in  democracy  and  to 
become  the  heart  of  America.'  " 

The  indifference  to  exactitude  which  the 
book  seems  to  betray  is  particularly  marked  in 
the  case  of  Mr.  Finley's  allusions  to  the  ex- 
plorer whose  name  he  bears.  As  if  it  were 
unimpeachable,  he  quotes  the  following  pas- 
sage from  "  The  Western  World  " : 

"  That  delightful  country  [Kentucky]  from  time 
immemorial  had  been  the  resort  of  wild  beasts  and 
of  men  only  less  savage,  when  in  the  year  1767  it 
was  visited  by  John  Finley  and  a  few  wandering 
white  men  from  the  British  colony  of  North  Caro- 
lina, allured  by  the  love  of  hunting  and  the  desire 
of  barter  with  the  Indians.  The  distance  of  this 
country  from  populous  parts  of  the  colonies,  almost 
continuous  wars,  and  the  claims  of  the  French  had 
prevented  all  attempts  at  exploration." 

The  author  says  that  "  he  seized  upon  this " ; 
but  care  for  accuracy  might  wrell  have  re- 
strained him  from  being  so  precipitate.  John 
Finley,  the  explorer,  visited  Kentucky  as  early 
as  1752,  despite  the  figure  given  by  the  untrust- 
worthy and  fanciful  Filson.  On  this  visit  he 
was  assuredly  not  accompanied  by  "wander- 
ing white  men  from  the  British  colony  of  North 
Carolina."  There  is  documentary  evidence  to 
show  that  John  Finley  sailed  down  the  Ohio, 
and  later,  no  doubt,  the  Mississippi;  but  we 
have  no  means  of  knowing  where  he  stopped. 
It  is  highly  probable  that  he  stopped  in  the 
land  visited  fifteen  years  before, —  especially 
in  view  of  the  fact  that  only  two  years  later  he 
was  piloting  his  comrade-in-arms  of  the  Brad- 
dock  campaign,  Daniel  Boone,  from  the  valley 
of  the  Yadkin  (Holman's  Ford)  through  Cum- 
berland Gap  to  the  heart  of  Kentucky.  It  was 
on  this  trip,  in  1769,  that  Finley  was  accom- 
panied by  "  a  few  wandering  white  men  from 
the  British  colony  of  North  Carolina."  These 
white  men,  five  of  them,  with  Finley  as  guide 
making  the  sixth,  were  not  mere  purposeless 
wanderers  into  a  trackless  wilderness.  They 
wrere  sent  on  their  journey  of  exploration  by 
Colonel  Richard  Henderson,  colonial  judge,  in 
behalf  of  the  famous  land  company  afterwards 
entitled  the  Transylvania  Company. 

The  absence  of  illustrations  is  a  source  of 
great  regret.  The  interest  of  the  original 
articles  in  "  Scribner's  Magazine"  was  won- 
derfully enhanced  by  an  admirably  chosen 
collection  of  pictures.  A  limited  edition,  with 
illustrations,  should  certainly  be  published. 
ARCHIBALD  HENDERSON. 


WILLIAM  II.  OF  GERMANY.* 


Ernest  Renan  a  short  time  before  his  death 
expressed  regret  that  he  should  not  live  to  see 
the  unfolding  of  the  multiform  personality  of 
William  II.,  then  the  "  young  Kaiser."  In  the 
last  quarter  of  a  century  we  have  been  privi- 
leged to  behold  what  Renan  has  missed.  Con- 
sidered as  a  spectacle  of  life  it  has  been  worth 
while.  Emperor  William  has  been  the  most 
influential,  the  most  discussed,  and  in  some 
ways  the  most  interesting  character  in  the 
world.  This  interest  is  of  course  due  in  great 
part  to  his  position,  but  it  is  also  to  a  consid- 
erable extent  inherent  in  his  personality. 
Until  the  record  is  closed  any  judgment  passed 
upon  him  must  necessarily  be  provisional.  As 
matters  stand  no\v,  consistency  is  the  last 
quality  that  can  be  attributed  to  him.  There 
are  contradictions  in  his  character  and  career 
that  cannot  be  resolved, —  high  seriousness  of 
purpose  coupled  writh  vanity  and  almost  child- 
ish love  of  show,  atavistic  assertion  of  divine 
rights  joined  to  a  twentieth  century  modernity, 
the  attitudes  of  a  war-lord  glorying  in  the 
"mailed  fist"  and  "shining  armor"  (his  own 
phrases)  along  with  the  pose  of  the  sovereign 
"who  kept  the  peace  of  Europe."  The  one 
thing  which  may  be  asserted  of  him  without 
qualification  is  that  he  has  always  developed 
his  restless  activity  in  the  public  gaze.  Unlike 
his  royal  cousin,  George  of  England,  he  is  a 
monarch  in  love  with  his  job.  His  speeches, 
of  which  he  has  delivered  upwards  of  a  thou- 
sand, for  the  most  part  on  military  occasions, 
are  in  themselves  evidence  enough  of  his 
superabundant  vitality  and  his  determination 
to  assert  his  own  views,  while  the  clear,  terse, 
and  at  times  eloquent  style  of  these  utter- 
ances testifies  to  an  awakened  intelligence  and 
a  sense  of  form,  whatever  one's  verdict  on  the 
substance  may  be. 

Any  attempt  to  read  the  riddle  of  the 
Kaiser's  character  without  some  historical 
guide  is  bound  to  be  hopeless.  As  evidence  we 
may  take  the  little  volume,  "  My  Ideas  and 
Ideals,"  in  which  several  hundred  utterances 
of  the  Kaiser  are  juxtaposed  roughly  accord- 
ing to  subject,  but  without  context  or  explana- 
tion and  apparently  also  without  chronological 
order.  The  result  is  simply  bewildering,  and 
leads  nowhere.  Professor  Christian  Gauss  of 

*  MY  IDEAS  AND  IDEALS.  Words  of  Kaiser  Wilhelm  II.  Bos- 
ton :  John  W.  Luce  &  Co. 

THE  GERMAN  EMPEROR  AS  SHOWN  IN  His  PUBLIC  UTTER- 
ANCES. By  Christian  Gauss.  With  portrait.  New  York: 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

THE  KAISER.  A  Book  about  the  Most  Interesting  Man  in 
Europe.  By  Asa  Don  Dickinson.  Illustrated.  New  York: 
Doubleday,  Page  &  Co. 

THE  KAISER,  1859-1914.  By  Stanley  Shaw.  New  edition. 
New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

MEMORIES  OF  THE  KAISER'S  COURT.  By  Anne  Topham.  Illus- 
trated. New  York :  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


419 


Princeton,  on  the  other  hand,  has  performed 
a  useful  service  by  arranging  some  of  the  most 
striking  speeches  under  various  headings,  and 
by  giving  the  setting  and  the  necessary  his- 
torical background  in  each  case.  It  is  possible 
by  means  of  his  book  to  follow  certain  lines  of 
the  imperial  policy  with  fairly  satisfactory 
clearness.  The  compiler's  attitude,  it  should 
be  added,  seems  to  be  thoroughly  neutral. 

The  handsome  book  entitled  "  The  Kaiser  " 
by  Mr.  Asa  Don  Dickinson  contains  numerous 
illustrations,  and  the  text,  though  of  a  sketchy 
nature,  is  interspersed  with  much  shrewd 
comment.  A  few  slight  mistakes  should  be 
corrected  in  another  edition :  the  date  of  the 
founding  of  German  South  West  Africa  is 
wrongly  given  (p.  68) ,  the  "  Daily  Telegraph  " 
interview  appears  as  the  "  Daily  Mail "  inter- 
view (p.  52),  and  the  "November  storm"  is 
stated  as  occurring  in  1909  instead  of  1908 
(p.  161). 

The  personal  character  of  the  Emperor  as 
it  is  revealed  in  his  domestic  life  is  sympa- 
thetically described  in  "  Memories  of  the 
Kaiser's  Court "  by  Miss  Anne  Topham,  who 
was  for  some  years  English  governess  to 
the  Princess  Victoria  Louise.  Though  her 
sprightly,  gossipy  book  is  mainly  devoted  to 
the  general  life  of  the  court,  it  gives  many 
entertaining  glimpses  of  the  Emperor  as  he 
appears  in  his  intimate  circle, —  frank,  gen- 
erous, open-hearted,  and  with  a  love  of  raillery 
if  not  a  genuine  sense  of  humor.  It  is  also  an 
ultra-masculine  figure,  after  the  German  fash- 
ion, that  is  shown  here.  The  following  obser- 
vation of  the  author  deserves  to  be  quoted 
because  it  discloses  something  characteristic: 
"  He  can  explain  everything  to  everybody ;  but 
there  is  one  exception  —  the  suffragettes.  He  has 
never  been  able  to  explain  them.  They  baffle  him 
entirely.  At  first  he  thought  they  were  just  disap- 
pointed spinsters,  but  in  view  of  the  number  of 
married  women  in  their  ranks  he  was  obliged  to 
abandon  this  idea.  Since  then  he  has  been  groping 
in  vain  after  a  satisfactory  solution.  .  .  It  is  of 
no  use  to  explain  to  His  Majesty  the  difference 
between  militant  and  non-militant  suffragists.  .  . 
'  Women  should  stay  at  home  and  look  after  their 
children,'  is  his  last  word  on  the  subject." 

But  indeed,  as  Miss  Topham  remarks,  the 
Emperor  has  for  English  politics  —  as  apart 
from  English  life,  which  he  loves  —  a  per- 
plexed and  irritated  wonderment  and  con- 
tempt. 

The  ablest  discussion  of  the  Emperor's  poli- 
cies and  the  results  they  have  achieved  is  to  be 
found  in  the  volume  by  Dr.  Stanley  Shaw  of 
Trinity  College,  Dublin.  This  short  book  was 
written  before  the  war,  and  can  certainly  not 
be  accused  of  an  unfavorable  bias.  Unfor- 
tunately a  new  chapter  "by  another  hand," 


which  has  been  added  since  the  outbreak  of 
hostilities,  is  much  inferior  in  both  ability  and 
temper.  Dr.  Shaw  has  built  his  book  mainly 
out  of  the  recorded  deeds  and  utterances  of 
William  II.,  but  he  has  buttressed  it  liberally 
from  the  memoirs  of  Bismarck,  Hohenlohe, 
and  Billow.  Doubtless  the  historian  of  the 
future  will  have  to  use  much  further  mate- 
rial ;  for  the  present  these  sources  must  suffice. 
In  order  to  explain  the  persistent  enigma  of 
the  Emperor's  personality  and  career,  must 
we  have  recourse  to  the  rather  desperate 
hypothesis  of  paranoia,  or  of  some  kindred 
mental  derangement?  Some  alienists  have 
pointed  out  as  evidence  his  over-weening  self- 
esteem,  his  belief  in  his  divine  mission,  his 
impulsiveness  and  incalculability,  noting  at 
the  same  time  that  certain  physical  stigmata 
are  not  lacking.  That  is  also  the  burden  of 
a  recent  poem  by  Verhaeren,  who  sees  in 
the  devastation  of  Belgium  the  work  of  a 
madman.  Let  us  attempt  a  simpler  and  more 
natural  explanation.  Much  will  be  made 
clear  if  we  assume  that  the  Kaiser  is  com- 
pounded of  two  natures,  one  modern  and 
materialistic,  the  other  mediaeval  and  idealis- 
tic. William  II.  is  modern  only  as  far  as  the 
external  world  and  the  things  of  the  senses 
are  concerned.  As  a  child  of  his  time  he  has 
appreciated  from  the  outset  the  fact  that  he  is 
cast  in  an  age  of  commerce  and  industry,  of 
rapid  transit  and  invention.  He  has  gloried 
in  the  marvellous  expansion  of  Germany's 
trade,  in  her  triumphant  industrial  progress, 
in  the  formidable  growth  of  army  and  navy. 
This  is  the  William  who  has  practised  Macht- 
politik,  cultivated  the  Krupps,  and  extolled 
Count  Zeppelin  as  the  greatest  German  of  the 
twentieth  century.  But  in  the  things  of  the 
intellect  and  the  spirit,  in  ideas  and  ideals,  he 
is  faithful  to  his  inheritance,  and  remains  a 
romanticist  and  even  a  medievalist.  This  is 
pre-eminently  true  of  his  religion,  the  sincerity 
of  which  seems  beyond  cavil.  He  looks  upon 
himself  almost  as  a  high  priest;  the  name  of 
God  is  constantly  upon  his  lips, —  recently, 
because  of  the  incongruous  circumstances,  to  a 
positively  offensive  degree.  But  his  God  is 
"our  great  Ally,"  a  German  tribal  deity,  a 
sort  of  magnified  and  non-natural  Hohenzol- 
lern.  Of  that  modern  Christianity  which  finds 
its  highest  expression  in  the  Sermon  on  the 
Mount  he  has  little  appreciation,  even  though 
in  a  memorable  speech  he  has  referred  to 
Jesus  as  "the  most  personal  of  all  personali- 
ties." As  in  religion,  so  too  in  politics  he  has 
missed  the  spirit  of  the  age,  and  his  total 
failure  even  to  comprehend  the  meaning  of 
democracy  will,  unless  the  wheel  of  time  is 
somehow  miraculously  reversed,  indubitably 


420 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  27 


wreck  his  ultimate  reputation  as  a  statesman. 
The  claim  to  divine  right,  which  was  for  a 
time  regarded  as  an  exuberant  touch  of  youth- 
ful rhetoric,  was  unequivocally  repeated  at 
Konigsberg  in  1910,  and,  according  to  current 
reports,  was  even  more  glaringly  asserted  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  present  war.  All  this  is 
not  to  say  that  he  has  been  without  solicitude 
for  the  common  people.  But  he  has  never  ad- 
vanced a  particle  beyond  the  paternalistic 
conception  of  a  government  from  the  top 
down,  handing  out  favors  with  disciplinary 
care  to  a  docile  and  unambitious  proletariat. 
"Leave  the  Socialists  to  me,"  he  said  to  Bis- 
marck very  early  in  his  reign,  and  attempted 
to  win  them  by  kindly  admonitions.  When 
they  refused  to  respond  to  blandishments,  he 
became  exasperated  and  denounced  them  as 
traitors  and  enemies  of  religion.  The  result  of 
this  mingling  of  conciliation  and  abuse  has 
been  the  growth  of  the  Social-Democratic  vote 
to  the  portentous  total  of  four  and  a  quarter 
millions.  A  similar  lack  of  understanding  has 
marked  the  imperial  treatment  of  Alsatians 
and  Poles  in  their  struggle  for  autonomy. 
That  aspiration  for  liberty  which  is  so  irre- 
pressible in  the  modern  breast  finds  but  scant 
recognition  in  the  constitution  of  Germany, 
and  none  at  all  from  "William  II. 

In  like  manner  he  has  failed  to  appreciate 
the  modern  spirit  in  literature  and  the  arts. 
Writers  like  Ganghofer  and  the  egregious 
Lauff  have  been  taken  to  his  bosom,  while 
Hauptmann  has  been  neglected  or  snubbed. 
The  mortuary  Siegesallee  in  Berlin  represents 
what  his  patronage  of  sculpture  has  evoked. 

Since  the  Kaiser  dropped  the  old  pilot  in 
1890,  he  has  virtually  been  his  own  chancellor. 
The  government  has  followed  the  lines  of 
policy  laid  down  by  him.  At  most  a  more 
forceful  chancellor  like  Billow  ventured  once 
or  twice  to  check  his  imperial  master,  but  gen- 
erally his  ministers  have  been  as  acquiescent  as 
the  dull  and  pedantic  Bethmann-Hollweg.  It 
may  be  profitable  to  inquire  for  a  moment 
whither  the  "new  course"  has  led  Germany. 
Bismarck's  policy  had  been  purely  continental, 
and  had  aimed  at  making  Germany  secure  and 
dominant  in  Europe.  The  policy  of  Germany 
under  the  Kaiser's  personal  rule  has  been, 
briefly,  to  establish  a  new  world-power. 
Viewed  from  almost  any  angle,  the  result  is 
not  brilliant.  It  is  an  unescapable  fact  that 
whereas  in  1890  Germany  had  only  one  enemy 
in  Europe  —  France,  in  July  of  1914  she  could 
count  upon  only  one  sure  friend  —  Austria. 
Beyond  a  doubt,  indiscretions  like  the  Kruger 
telegram  and  hob-nailed  diplomacy  such  as 
precipitated  the  two  Morocco  crises  account- 
for  much  of  this  estrangement.  But  the  out- 


come was  really  almost  inevitable.  It  is  Ger- 
many's tragedy  to  have  entered  late  into  the 
race  for  empire  and  to  have  found  the  earth 
pre-empted.  The  alternative  to  reaching  out 
and  running  foul  of  her  neighbors  would  have 
been  to  cultivate  contentment  at  home.  Which 
was  the  part  of  wisdom  ?  In  view  of  the  pres- 
ent cataclysm,  from  which  Germany  can  at 
best  only  emerge  with  even  honors,  the  answer 
is  scarcely  doubtful. 

There  remains  the  most  interesting  question 
of  all.  The  Kaiser  won  the  admiration  of  the 
pacifists  because  of  the  indisputable  fact  that 
for  twenty-six  years  he  kept  the  peace  of 
Europe,  often  against  strong  pressure  from 
within,  and  frequently  proclaimed  that  to  be 
his  unswerving  aim.  But,  up  to  the  summer 
of  1914,  did  the  net  influence  of  William  II. 
make  for  peace  or  war?  It  is  here,  as  Mr. 
Dickinson  points  out,  that  the  small  cool  voice 
of  common-sense  reasserts  itself.  During  those 
years  the  Kaiser  was  sponsor  for  the  navy,  he 
was  supreme  representative  of  the  army,  in 
whose  uniforms  he  almost  invariably  appeared 
and  whose  dominance  within  Germany  he  con- 
stantly maintained;  he  was  the  author  of  the 
most  famous  winged  words  of  militarism,  and 
the  living  embodiment  of  the  doctrine  si  vis 
pacem,  para  bellum,  the  sophistry  of  which 
now  seems  manifest  to  everybody.  Such  is  the 
Hohenzollern  tradition;  the  fighting  spirit 
was  in  his  blood,  even  though  for  prudential 
reasons  he  long  refrained  from  war.  When 
we  come  to  the  present  crisis,  matters  appear 
even  worse.  The  issue  of  Europe's  peace  or 
war  lay  in  his  hands  last  July,  and  deliber- 
ately or  reluctantly  he  chose  war.  A  hint 
from  him  would  have  restrained  his  Austrian 
ally,  a  nod  would  have  brought  about  the  con- 
ference which  Sir  Edward  Grey  suggested, — 
and  he  could  have  had  it  virtually  on  his  own 
conditions  of  time  and  place,  and  hence  with- 
out loss  of  dignity.  Taking  advantage  of  a 
favorable  international  conjuncture,  he  in- 
sisted upon  pushing  through  his  Balkan  pro- 
gramme at  all  hazards;  and  so  precipitately 
did  his  government  press  matters,  so  heedless 
was  it  of  ordinary  diplomatic  manceuvering, 
that  it  cannot  now  even  make  a  decent  pre- 
tence of  having  tried  to  avoid  war.  It  may  be, 
as  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie,  Dr.  David  Starr  Jor- 
dan, and  other  pacifists  have  surmised,  that 
when  the  Kaiser  returned  from  Norway  last 
July  matters  had  already  got  almost  beyond 
control  and  that  in  the  end  his  hand  was  vir- 
tually forced  by  the  military  clique.  Or  it 
may  be  that  he  himself  had  gradually  been 
won  over  to  the  view  that  war  was  inevitable 
and  now  realized  that  the  opportune  moment 
for  Germany  had  finally  come.  This  is  the 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


421 


view  elaborated  in  the  French  Yellow  Papers, 
and  recently  reaffirmed  by  Lord  Haldane. 
Proof  is  lacking  at  present,  but  some  color  of 
plausibility  is  lent  by  such  considerations  as 
the  popular  resentment  in  Germany  against 
the  government  for  its  humiliating  backdown 
in  1911,  the  taunts  of  the  nationalistic  press, 
the  stings  of  that  gadfly  among  German  jour- 
nalists, Maximilian  Harden,  and  most  of  all 
the  ever-present  pressure  from  the  chiefs  of 
the  General  Staff  by  whom  the  Kaiser  is  con- 
stantly surrounded.  But  in  either  case  the 
difference  of  responsibility  is  only  one  of 
degree.  William  II.  will  go  down  in  history 
as  the  aggressor  in  the  greatest  war  the  world 
has  ever  seen.  Yet,  barring  a  supreme  disas- 
ter, it  is  hardly  likely  that  he  will  have  many 
pangs  of  remorse.  A  chronic  optimist  by 
temperament,  panoplied  in  his  sense  of  divine 
guidance,  he  has  always  been  proof  against 
self-reproach.  Scapegoats  will  be  found, — 
there  are  signs  already  that  certain  men  are 
predestined  victims.  Chastened  in  mood  the 
Emperor  may  be,  and  probably  the  soul- 
solitude  brought  by  advancing  years  will  in- 
crease upon  him  greatly;  but,  unless  he 
forgoes  his  nature  utterly,  he  will  to  the  end 
manifest  his  tireless  activity,  ever  ready,  in 
the  words  of  one  of  his  favorite  poems, 

"  to  fill  the  unforgiving  minute 
With  sixty  seconds'  work  of  distance  run." 

W.  K.  STEWART. 


THE  COSMIC  SOUL.* 

Mr.  Holt's  book  on  the  Cosmic  Relations  is 
an  attempt  to  justify  the  ways  of  "  spirits  "  to 
men.  The  author  is,  however,  under  no  illu- 
sion as  to  the  weight  of  his  evidence,  or  as  to 
the  probability-coefficient  attaching  to  his 
hypothesis  of  a  Cosmic  Soul.  "  I  cannot  envy 
the  man,"  he  insists,  "  who  can  write  on  these 
vague  subjects  without  painfully  mistrusting 
himself."  Mr.  Holt's  method  of  presentation 
has  left  him,  he  assures  us,  "absolutely  un- 
trammeled  by  any  theory,  except  what  has 
grown  up  during  the  work  itself."  Hence  he 
claims  for  his  results  no  finality.  "Many  of 
the  facts  presented  are  very  nebulous,  and  the 
guesses  are  naturally  more  nebulous  still." 
His  hypothesis  "  admits  no  affiliation  with  the 
famous  masses  of  guesswork  which  announce 
themselves  as  established  truth."  Conse- 
quently, "  I  don't  propose  to  go  to  the  stake  for 
it,  or  send  anybody  else  for  denying  it." 

What,  then,  are  the  facts  which  necessitate 
so  apologetically  expounded  an  hypothesis,  and 

*  ON  THE  COSMIC  RELATIONS.  By  Henry  Holt.  In  two  vol- 
umes. Boston  :  Hourhton  Mifflin  Co. 


what  is  that  hypothesis  ?  The  facts  are  a  mass 
of  reports  on  "  psychic  phenomena  " :  telepa- 
thy, dreams,  levitation,  controls,  spirits,  me- 
diums—  and  the  inevitable  and  indefatigable 
Mrs.  Piper.  Under  the  challenging  captions 
of  "  telekinesis,"  "  autokinesis,"  "  psychokine- 
sis," and  "  telepsychosis,"  Mr.  Holt  presents  an 
array  of  data  discouraging  in  its  minuteness. 
If  the  750  pages  of  "  evidence  "  are  meant  to 
convince,  compression  as  well  as  suppression 
would  have  served  our  author's  purpose  much 
more  efficaciously. 

Mr.  Holt,  to  be  sure,  is  convinced  —  con- 
vinced of  Immortality  and  of  a  Cosmic  Soul. 
He  invites  us  to  examine  "  a  vast  mass  of  pro- 
foundly interesting  phenomena  .  .  which  can- 
not be  accounted  for  by  any  form  of  telepathy 
or  any  cause  justified  by  experience.  On  the 
surface,  the  phenomena  are  ostensibly  caused 
by  human  intelligences  surviving  death.  Re- 
ject that  cause,"  we  are  disconsolately  warned, 
"  and  (pace  Drs.  Tanner  and  Hall)  there  is  no 
other  in  sight."  The  "  whole  thing,"  further- 
more, "  readily  comes  under  the  hypothesis  of 
the  Cosmic  Soul  —  of  ideas  and  impressions  of 
all  sorts  floating  about  the  universe — picked 
up  in  all  sorts  of  ways  and  in  all  sorts  of  com- 
binations, and  remodeled  into  all  sorts  of  new 
combinations."  We  must,  accordingly,  posit 
"back  of  all  phenomena  the  Cosmic  Soul, 
which  is  sometimes  called  God,  which  gener- 
ates and  includes  and  manifests  and  inter- 
communicates all  personalities  that  are,  or 
have  been,  or  are  to  be,  and  which,  with  them, 
dies  not."  Thus  Mr.  Holt,  scientist  of  the 
Metapsychical. 

When  we  turn,  however,  from  Mr.  Holt's 
science  to  his  comments  and  annotations  which 
punctuate  the  multifold  array  of  "  facts,"  —  to 
his  gentle  humor  and  still  gentler  skepticism, 
to  his  light  humanistic  by-the-ways  on  general 
ethics,  sex-morality,  and  happiness,  inter- 
spersed with  delightful  gibes  at  current  con- 
vention, not  excluding  his  chatty  and  personal 
hints  for  a  latter-day  "  mediumistically  "  dem- 
onstrated Theodicy, —  we  are  inclined  to  the 
belief  that  we  shall  discover  the  major  value 
of  the  book  not  in  its  elucidation  of  one  more 
hypothetical  Universal  All-including  Soul,  not 
in  its  pathetic  albeit  manfully  sustained  desire 
to  establish  the  Newer  Immortality,  but  rather 
in  its  human,  supremely  human,  quality  of 
"Apologia  pro  Optimismo  Meo." 

Optimism  —  romantic,  mystic,  rhapsodic  — 
alternates  irrepressibly  with  pagefuls  of  argu- 
mentation. "  I  cannot  remember,"  writes  Mr. 
Holt,  "  when  I  did  not  have  the  rudiments  [of 
the  Cosmic  Consciousness]  before  great  scenery 
and  great  music,  and  it  culminated  in  me  ten 
years  before  the  usual  period.  .  .  It  came  with 


t 

422 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  2' 


the  blaze  of  light,  but  the  light  was  from  the 
natural  sunset."  And  to  Mr.  Holt,  poet  of  the 
Cosmic  Relations,  "  the  powers  of  mystery  are 
lovely  as  well  as  awful.  The  mists  and  moun- 
tains and  dark  shadows  opposite  me  as  I 
write,  are  both.  I  do  not  read  their  meaning, 
as  I  read  the  meaning  of  a2  -f-  2ab  -(-  b2,  but 
they  lift  and  expand  and  deepen  the  soul  as  do 
no  meanings  that  I  can  read ;  and  while  they 
raise  the  most  terrible  questions,  they  answer 
them  with :  '  Peace !  Wait !  Work !  Earn  the 
rest  that  you  feel  is  in  Us !  All  will  be  well ! ' ' 

"  Perchance,"  concedes  the  less  romantic 
reader,  "  all  will  be  well.  Yes,  'tis  very  pretty 
rhapsody,  but  —  is  it  science  ?  "  And  this  same 
matter-of-fact  reader,  deeply  appreciative  as 
he  is  of  the  utter  lack  of  dogmatism  on  the 
part  of  the  author  in  the  exposition  of  his  ten- 
tative hypothesis,  fully  recognizing  the  spirit 
not  only  of  caution  but  even  of  skepticism 
pervading  the  work,  is  still  haunted  by  a  sus- 
picion, even  a  conviction,  that  not  all  is  well  — 
if  not  demonstrably  with  the  Universe,  at 
least  with  the  scientific  procedure  of  Mr.  Holt. 
"On  seeing  the  MS.  (or  rather  TS.)  of  this 
chapter,"  Mr.  Holt  confidingly  relates,  "my 
friend  .  .  asks  whether  .  .  I  do  not,  in  treat- 
ing them  [certain  controls]  in  a  spirit  of  lev- 
ity, show  less  confidence  in  the  .  .  controls 
than  I  really  feel.  I  wish  somebody  would  tell 
me  how  much  I  really  feel.  And  if  he  tells  me 
on  Sunday,  I  wish  he  would  tell  me  again  at 
the  end  of  the  week.  Sometimes  I  feel  a  good 
deal,  and  sometimes  I  don't."  This  sounds 
perilously  near  to  Spinoza's  apocryphal  little 
speech  to  his  God:  " Entre  nous,  je  crois  que 
vous  n'existez  pas." 

Of  the  precariousness  of  his  position,  Mr. 
Holt  is  all  too  well  aware ;  his  insistence  on  the 
plausibility  of  his  solution  of  the  problems  of 
spiritism  and  immortality  is  politeness  itself. 
Lest,  however,  his  scientific  humility  should 
seem  to  overreach  itself,  he  is  ever  ready  with 
a  corrective  —  an  attenuated  mysticism;  nor 
is  a  tinge  of  satire  wanting.  "We,  in  our 
immeasurable  wisdom,  don't  see  how  it  [immor- 
tality] can  work  —  we  don't  see  how  a  universe 
that  we  don't  begin  to  know,  which  already  has 
genius  and  beauty  and  love,  and  which  seems 
to  like  to  give  us  all  it  can  —  birds,  flowers, 
sunsets,  stars,  Vermont,  the  Himalayas,  and 
Grand  Canyon ;  which,  most  of  all,  has  given 
us  the  insatiable  soul,  can  manage  to  give  us 
immortality.  Well !  Perhaps  we  ought  not  to 
be  grasping  —  ought  to  call  all  we  know  and 
have,  enough,  and  be  thankful." 

A  scientist,  however,  who  is  so  magnani- 
mously hesitant  about  his  science  will  surely 
not  fail,  when  hard  pressed,  to  be  equally  non- 
belligerent about  his  romantic  Universe  and 


Cosmic  Soul.  For,  is  it  not  written  by  Mr. 
Holt  himself :  "  If  in  solitude  .  .  anywhere 
under  the  stars,  you  have  not  already  felt  that 
conception,  you  will  probably  find  my  efforts 
wasted"?  HENRY  M.  SHEFFER. 


THE  NEW  SPIRIT  ix  SOUTHERN 
HISTORICAL,  WRITING.* 


Of  the  fifteen  essays  contained  in  the  Dun- 
ning testimonial  volume  of  "  Studies  in  South- 
ern History  and  Politics  "  all  but  two  or  three 
have  for  their  subjects  some  phase  of  the  Civil 
War  and  Reconstruction  Period  and  the  race 
question.  This  is  natural,  since  most  of  the 
authors  are  of  southern  birth,  and  nearly 
every  southern  historian  is  primarily  inter- 
ested in  the  Civil  War  and  the  questions  which 
came  into  being  as  a  result  of  it. 

The  general  editor  of  the  volume  is  Profes- 
sor J.  W.  Garner  of  the  Department  of  Politi- 
cal Science  in  the  University  of  Illinois.  He 
is  also  the  author  of  the  concluding  essay, 
".Southern  Politics  since  the  Civil  War."  Pro- 
fessor Garner's  main  thesis  in  this  essay  is  that 
the  agitation  of  the  negro  question  by  political 
demagogues  in  the  South  has  been  of  infinite 
harm  to  both  races,  and  hence  ought  to  come  to 
an  end.  In  fact,  he  is  optimistic  enough  to 
believe  that  such  agitation  is  now  nearing  its 
close,  as  the  southern  people  are  becoming 
heartily  tired  of  it.  Though  one  may  well 
agree  with  this  opinion,  and  hope  that  the 
elimination  of  the  race  question  from  southern 
politics  is  near  at  hand,  there  are  those  who 
by  no  means  agree  with  Professor  Garner  in 
thinking  that  the  resulting  two-party  system  is 
essential  to  the  normal  and  successful  func- 
tioning of  popular  government,  and  that  its 
absence  tends  to  render  the  political  life  of  a 
community  stagnant  and  lacking  in  vitality. 
Undoubtedly  the  South  has  a  number  of  things 
the  matter  with  it,  but  certainly  the  absence 
of  the  two-party  system  is  not  one  of  them. 

The  two  most  interesting  essays  in  the  vol- 
ume are  those  written  by  Professors  Holland 
Thompson,  of  the  College  of  the  City  of  New 
York,  and  William  K.  Boyd,  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege, North  Carolina.  In  a  sane,  unemotional, 
and  scholarly  way  these  two  essays  deal  re- 
spectively with  "  The  New  South,  Economic 
and  Social "  and  "  Some  Phases  of  Educational 
History  in  the  South  since  1865."  In  a  concise 
but  entirely  illuminating  manner,  Professors 
Thompson  and  Boyd  analyze  the  various  fac- 
tors that  have  helped  or  hindered  the  progress 

*  STUDIES  IN  SOUTHERN  HISTORY  AND  POLITICS.  Inscribed 
to  William  Archibald  Dunning,  Professor  of  History  in  Colum- 
bia University,  by  his  former  pupils.  New  York :  Columbia 
University  Press. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


423 


of  the  South  along  economic  or  educational 
lines.  It  is  indeed  refreshing  to  find  at  least 
two  young  southerners  of  undoubted  talent 
and  ability  breaking  away  from  the  idea  that 
everything  of  historical  importance  in  their 
section  concerns  itself  with  the  problems  aris- 
ing out  of  slavery  and  its  overthrow,  and 
devoting  themselves  to  matters  of  greater  pres- 
ent-day importance.  In  saying  this  the  re- 
viewer does  not  mean  to  disparage  the  other 
essays  in  the  volume.  It  is  certainly  important 
and  indeed  necessary,  both  for  the  South  and 
for  the  North,  that  the  history  of  slavery  and 
the  Civil  War  should  be  rewritten  by  southern- 
ers trained  in  historical  research  as  the  authors 
of  these  essays  have  been  trained.  They  have 
approached  their  subjects  not  as  partisan 
southerners  whose  purpose  it  was  to  vindicate 
or  defend,  but  rather  with  sympathy  purged 
of  bias  and  sectionalism;  and  in  this  spirit 
they  have  all  succeeded  in  adding  something  of 
real  scholarship  to  the  body  of  southern  his- 
torical literature. 

In  the  opening  essay,  on  "  Deportation  and 
Colonization:  An  Attempted  Solution  of  the 
Race  Problem,"  Professor  W.  L.  Fleming  of 
Louisiana  State  University  shows  that  though 
such  a  solution  of  the  race  problem  has  been 
advocated  by  people  as  prominent  as  Jefferson 
and  Lincoln  and  a  great  many  others  since 
1770,  the  scheme  has  never  had  any  sort  of 
chance  to  succeed,  due  mainly  to  the  opposition 
of  white  employers  of  negro  labor.  Undoubt- 
edly there  is  a  great  deal  of  truth  in  Professor 
Fleming's  witty  remark  that  "  every  white  man 
would  be  glad  to  have  the  entire  black  race 
deported  —  except  his  own  laborers." 

In  "  The  Literary  Movement  for  Secession," 
Professor  Ulrich  B.  Phillips  of  the  University 
of  Michigan  maintains  the  thesis  that  "state 
rights,  while  often  harped  upon,  were  in  the 
main  not  an  object  of  devotion  for  their  own 
sake;  but  as  a  means  of  securing  southern 
rights.  State  sovereignty  was  used  to  give  the 
insignia  of  legality  to  a  stroke  for  national 
independence."  Professor  Phillips  arrives  at 
this  conclusion  from  an  exhaustive  study  of 
the  southern  pamphlet  literature  written  dur- 
ing the  ten  or  twelve  years  preceding  secession, 
and  thereby  proves  to  be  a  fact  what  was  often 
suspected  as  having  been  the  case. 

Professor  J.  G.  de  R.  Hamilton  of  North 
Carolina  University,  in  "  Southern  Legislation 
in  Respect  to  Freedmen,  1865-1866,"  states 
comprehensively  and  fairly  for  the  first  time 
the  essence  of  all  the  southern  "  black  codes," 
which,  either  from  ignorance  or  crass  partisan- 
ship, have  been  very  much  misrepresented  and 
misunderstood.  From  the  southern  point  of 
view,  but  with  no  attempt  to  excuse  or  extenu- 


ate obviously  unjust  and  unnecessary  restric- 
tions on  the  liberties  of  the  negroes,  Professor 
Hamilton  shows  that  the  legislation  in  respect 
to  f reedmen  during  the  two  years  following  the 
close  of  the  war  was  on  the  whole  a  sincere,  and 
for  the  most  part,  an  intelligent  attempt  to  fix 
the  legal  and  economic  status  of  the  four  mil- 
lion ex-slaves,  who  from  the  very  nature  of  the 
case  were  destined  to  continue  for  a  time  at 
least  in  a  position  of  actual  inferiority  to  the 
great  body  of  white  people  about  them.  In 
conclusion,  Professor  Hamilton  expresses  the 
opinion  that  Blaine,  in  his  "  Twenty  Years  of 
Congress,"  and  many  other  writers  have  either 
wilfully  or  ignorantly  misrepresented  the  facts 
in  giving  as  a  reason  for  the  radical  recon- 
struction policy  the  prior  enactment  of  the 
"black  codes."  He  thinks  that  the  radical 
policy  had  been  determined  upon  before  the 
"  black  codes  "  were  passed,  and  consequently 
its  shape  was  not  much  affected  by  these  codes. 
However,  by  misrepresenting  the  codes  and 
distorting  them  before  the  public  as  a  rebel 
attempt  to  reenslave  the  negroes,  the  Radicals 
were  thereby  enabled  to  make  a  great  deal  of 
use  of  them  in  securing  the  success  of  their 
policy. 

The  remaining  essays  of  the  volume  are 
"  The  Frontier  and  Secession "  by  Professor 
C.  W.  Ramsdell,  "  French  Consuls  in  the  Con- 
federate States  "  by  Professor  M.  L.  Bonham, 
"Judicial  Interpretation  of  the  Confederate 
Constitution "  by  Professor  S.  D.  Brummer, 
"  Carpet-Baggers  in  the  United  States  Senate" 
by  Professor  C.  Mildred  Thompson,  "  Grant's 
Southern  Policy"  by  Professor  E.  C.  Wool- 
ley,  "  The  Federal  Enforcement  Acts  "  by  Pro- 
fessor W.  W.  Davis,  "Negro  Suffrage  in  the 
South  "  by  Professor  W.  R.  Smith,  "  Political 
Philosophy  of  John  C.  Calhoun  "  by  Profes- 
sor C.  E.  Merriam,  and  "  Southern  Political 
Theories"  by  Professor  D.  Y.  Thomas.  It  is 
a  matter  of  regret  that  space  does  not  permit 
of  at  least  a  brief  analysis  of  these  essays. 
Each  of  them  is  a  distinct  contribution  to  the 
subject  treated,  and  anyone  desiring  a  schol- 
arly study  of  any  of  these  subjects  will  find  it 
in  this  volume.  Those  who  would  understand 
the  new  spirit  permeating  the  younger  genera- 
tion of  southern  historians  will  do  well  to  read 
this  collection  of  "Studies  in  Southern  His- 
tory and  Politics."  BENJ.  B.  KENDRICK. 


A  new  book  by  E.  CE.  Somerville  and  Martin 
Ross,  entitled  "  In  Mr.  Knox's  Country,"  will  be 
published  by  Messrs.  Longmans  during  the  summer. 
It  takes  us  again  to  the  district  of  South- Western 
Ireland  hunted  by  the  hounds  of  which  Flurry 
Knox  was  Master.  Some  new  characters  are  intro- 
duced as  well  as  many  old  friends. 


424 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  27 


RECENT  FICTION.* 

Miss  Ethel  Dell,  in  "The  Keeper  of  the 
Door,"  once  more  brings  us  into  the  compan- 
ionship of  Nick  Ratcliffe,  whose  Indian  ex- 
ploits and  rocky  road  of  love  held  us  breathless 
in  "  The  Way  of  an  Eagle."  He  is  now  living 
in  England,  a  Member  of  Parliament,  held  in 
immense  respect  for  his  Indian  record.  The 
position  of  hero  in  the  new  story  is  not,  how- 
ever, reserved  for  him,  but  is  given  to  Max 
Wyndham,  a  young  physician,  to  whom  many 
of  his  characteristics  are  transferred,  while 
his  niece  and  pal,  Olga  Ratcliffe,  provides  the 
book  with  an  adorable  heroine.  The  story  is  a 
very  long  one  —  made  so  by  the  wilderness  of 
small  talk  which  exasperatingly  clogs  its  action 
—  and  it  is  a  long  time  before  the  narrative 
gets  anywhere.  About  midway,  the  scene 
shifts  from  England  to  India,  where  it  remains 
almost  until  the  end,  and  where  some  exciting 
things  happen.  Nick  is  sent  by  the  govern- 
ment to  look  after  the  affairs  of  a  rebellious 
native  state,  and  Olga  goes  with  him.  Still, 
the  interest  even  there  is  one  of  personal  psy- 
chology rather  than  of  objective  incident,  al- 
though there  is  one  episode  of  a  tiger  and 
another  of  a  bomb.  Max  Wyndham  is  "the 
keeper  of  the  door  "  in  a  symbolical  sense ;  that 
is,  as  a  physician  he  has  the  power  of  life  and 
death  in  his  hands,  and  possesses  the  secret  of 
a  mysterious  and  potent  drug  referred  to  as 
"  the  pain-killer,"  which  figures  in  the  plot  in 
a  very  critical  way.  Overwrought  with  grief 
for  a  girl-friend  threatened  with  a  hideous 
form  of  insanity,  Olga  gives  her  the  relief 
which  is  death  by  an  overdose  of  this  medicine, 
and  then  falls  into  a  delirious  illness  which 
obliterates  from  her  mind  all  recollection  of 
what  has  happened.  Later,  malicious  tongues 
persuade  her  that  her  friend's  life  has  been 
lost  through  the  unprofessional  conduct  of 
Max,  whereupon  she  breaks  off  her  engage- 
ment with  him.  The  truth  is  revealed  to  her 
when  she  revisits  the  scene  of  the  girl's  death, 
and  the  gap  in  her  memory  is  suddenly  re- 
paired. It  is  Max  who  triumphs  in  the  end, 
although  Olga  has  meanwhile  given  her  heart 
to  his  very  engaging  brother  Noel,  whose  suf- 
ferings in  her  service  and  eventual  disappoint- 
ment in  her  loss  make  a  heavy  draft  upon  our 
sympathies.  The  novel  has  an  overplus  of 
sentiment,  and  is  spun  out  to  much  too  great 
a  length,  but  its  interest  is  cumulative,  and  it 

*  THE  KEEPER  OF  THE  DOOR.  By  Ethel  M.  Dell.  New  York : 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons. 

THE  HAND  OF  PERIL.  A  Novel  of  Adventure.  By  Arthur 
Stringer.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

MARRIAGE  BY  CONQUEST.  By  Warwick  Deeping.  New  York : 
McBride,  Nast  &  Co. 

DAYBREAK.  A  Story  of  the  Age  of  Discovery.  By  Elizabeth 
Miller.  New  York :  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 


grows  more   tense   and   exciting  with   every 
added  chapter. 

A  really  ingenious  detective  story,  which 
does  not  stretch  the  long  arm  of  coincidence  to 
a  freakish  length,  and  which  does  not  contrive 
difficulties  obviously  insurmountable  except  by 
impossible  devices,  offers  one  of  the  best  forms 
of  entertainment.  Such  a  story,  supported  by 
crisp  telling  and  swift  dramatic  action,  is 
found  in  Mr.  Arthur  Stringer's  "  The  Hand  of 
Peril."  It  tells  of  the  tracking  of  a  gang  of 
counterfeiters  and  forgers  to  their  secret  quar- 
ters in  Paris,  Palermo,  New  York,  and  Rome, 
with  their  final  discomfiture  at  the  hands  of  a 
secret  service  agent  of  the  federal  government. 
The  extraordinary  success  of  these  rascals  is 
due  to  the  fine  artistic  faculty  of  a  young 
woman,  whom  they  have  trained  from  her 
youth  as  an  expert  with  the  brush,  the  pen, 
and  the  engraving  needle.  Her  forged  docu- 
ments and  her  plates  are  so  carefully  executed 
that  they  deceive  all  but  the  best  qualified  of 
experts,  and  constitute  a  grave  international 
peril.  She  does  the  work  because  she  is  in  the 
power  of  the  arch-scoundrel,  who  poses  as  her 
father,  and  persuades  her  that  she  has  been 
guilty  of  murder.  She  is  an  unwilling  but 
faithful  tool  of  this  villainy  until  she  learns 
how  she  has  been  deceived.  When  Kestner,  the 
secret  service  man,  gets  on  her  trail,  he  discov- 
ers in  her  a  woman  to  be  loved,  and  in  their 
first  encounter  she  saves  his  life.  After  being 
baffled  many  times  in  many  parts  of  the  world, 
Kestner  is  at  last  successful  in  breaking  up 
the  gang  and  in  winning  the  woman.  He  is 
a  detective  of  superhuman  cunning  and  re- 
sourcefulness, and  has  one  hairbreadth  escape 
after  another.  The  story  is  one  which  gives 
comforting  attention  to  the  details  which  are 
so  apt  to  be  neglected  in  fiction  of  this  descrip- 
tion, and  the  interest  is  absorbing. 

Mr.  Warwick  Deeping  is  an  accomplished 
story-teller,  but  we  could  wish  that  he  dealt 
more  with  modern  life  than  with  the  artificial 
conditions  imposed  by  scenes  and  actions 
placed  in  the  remote  past.  In  "  Marriage  by 
Conquest,"  we  have  no  direct  time-indications, 
but  we  learn,  by  gradual  degrees,  and  from 
various  suggestions  of  costume  and  custom  and 
social  manner,  that  it  is  a  story  of  the  eight- 
eenth century,  in  which  the  author  has  pre- 
viously shown  himself  to  be  very  much  at 
home.  The  scene  is  Sussex,  and  the  leading 
characters  are  three  in  number.  First,  there  is 
Stella  Shenstone,  the  widowed  chatelaine  of 
Stonehill,  young  and  beautiful,  but  hardened 
into  cynicism  by  her  experience  of  men.  Then 
there  is  her  ferocious  and  unscrupulous  wooer, 
Sir  Richard  Heron  of  Rush  Heath,  who  pur- 
sues her  with  insolent  arrogance,  and  makes 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


himself  a  terror  to  all  other  men  who  seek  her 
favor.  Finally,  there  is  John  Flambard  of 
Chevrons,  a  gentleman  by  instinct  and  a 
scholar  by  choice,  who  comes  unexpectedly  into 
his  English  inheritance,  and  is  very  much  out 
of  place  in  the  society  of  the  loutish  Sussex 
gentry  who  are  his  neighbors.  He  wins  the 
love  of  the  fair  Stella,  who  recovers  through 
his  companionship  her  lost  faith  in  mankind, 
and  he  meets  the  bullying  pretensions  of  his 
rival  with  a  fine  display  of  moral  courage  rein- 
forced by  thews  that  make  him  a  formidable 
antagonist.  Sir  Richard,  who  grows  more  and 
more  loathsome  as  his  character  is  revealed,  is 
defeated  in  his  machinations,  and  even  the 
seeming  success  of  his  dastardly  assault  upon 
the  hero  is  turned  to  the  credit  of  the  latter, 
when  Stella  rises  magnificently  to  the  occasion, 
and  brings  some  stinging  truths  home  to  those 
who  have  abetted  the  persecution  of  her  lover. 
The  scene  in  which  she  confronts  the  men  who 
have,  at  the  malignant  instance  of  the  villain, 
conspired  to  compass  the  humiliation  of  the 
hero,  is  a  fine  example  of  vivid  dramatic  action. 
The  whole  story  is  conceived  in  the  romantic 
spirit,  and  is  related  with  both  vigor  and 
eloquence. 

The  story  of  the  Moors  in  Spain  seemed  to 
us  the  sum  of  all  romance  in  the  days  when 
Washington  Irving  was  a  best-seller.  Since 
his  time,  few  romantic  writers  have  ventured 
to  intrude  upon  the  domain  which  he  made  his 
own,  and  the  book  called  "  Daybreak,"  by  Miss 
Elizabeth  Miller  (Mrs.  Hack)  comes  to  us 
almost  as  a  novelty.  That  the  glamour  of 
those  scenes  and  days  has  not  faded  beyond  the 
power  of  revivification  is  made  evident  by  this 
brilliant  romance  of  the  time  of  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella  and  of  the  Genoese  whose  idee  fixe 
opened  a  new  epoch  in  the  world's  history.  | 
These  are  the  figures  that  emerge  from  the 
throngs  that  people  the  narrative,  which  is 
immediately  concerned  with  the  siege  and  fall 
of  Granada.  The  private  romance  is  supplied 
by  the  love  of  Don  Beltran  Ponce  de  Leon  for 
a  high-born  damsel  who  is  Ferdinand's  ward, 
and  who,  for  reasons  of  state,  is  to  be  forced 
into  an  unwilling  marriage.  But  love  laughs 
at  locksmiths  and  all  other  persons  who  at- 
tempt to  divert  its  course,  and  the  close  of 
"Daybreak"  finds  the  lovers  escaped  from 
court  and  convent  and  Inquisition,  the  lady  a 
refugee  in  Tangier,  the  hero  a  companion  of 
Columbus  on  the  Santa  Maria.  A  brief  final 
chapter  brings  them  together  in  the  Moorish 
city,  and  it  is  left  to  be  surmised  that  the  only 
vicissitudes  yet  in  store  for  them  are  of  the 
marital  description  which  romantic  novelists, 
as  a  rule,  are  prudent  enough  to  avoid. 

WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS. 

The  Baroness  von  Heyking,  who  wrote  "  The  Let- 
ters Which  Never  Reached  Him,"  has  given  a  most 
interesting  picture  of  Prussian  domestic  and  diplo- 
matic life  in  her  newer  novel,  "  Lovers  in  Exile  " 
(Button).  After  a  purely  conventional  marriage 
into  a  typical  Junker  family,  the  heroine  meets  and 
loves  a  young  man  in  the  ministry  of  foreign  affairs. 
She  has  courage  enough  to  divorce  her  disagreeable 
husband  and  marry  according  to  the  dictates  of  her 
heart.  The  vengeance  of  the  Junkers  follows  him 
in  his  career;  and  at  last,  after  he  is  compelled  to 
bear  the  burden  of  an  international  blunder  in  what 
can  be  quite  certainly  identified  as  the  Venezuelan 
incident,  he  is  driven  into  obscurity.  It  is  a 
well  written  story,  and  one  of  unusual  interest 
to  the  many  who  are  studying  German  national 
psychology. 

For  "  The  Valley  of  Tear"  (Doran)  Sir  Arthur 
Conan  Doyle  has  taken  the  resuscitated  Sherlock 
Holmes  and  given  him  a  typical  murder  mystery 
to  solve  in  the  first  half  of  the  interesting  story. 
For  the  latter  half,  he  deals  with  the  Molly 
Maguire  atrocities  of  the  'seventies,  the  astute  and 
fearless  James  McParlan  of  the  Pinkerton  de- 
tective agency  figuring  as  the  hero  under  an  as- 
sumed name,  the  author  evidently  finding  the 
horrid  realities  disclosed  at  the  trial  of  the  prin- 
cipals beyond  any  powers  of  invention  he  himself 
possesses.  Indeed,  to  a  generation  ignorant  of  the 
facts,  Dr.  Doyle  will  be  thought  lacking  in  plausi- 
bility, so  steeped  in  savagery  were  the  Pennsyl- 
vania miners  implicated  and  punished. 

Old  fashioned  in  the  treatment  of  its  characters 
and  its  attitude  toward  life,  Mrs.  Amelia  E.  Barr's 
"  The  Winning  of  Lucia  "  ( Appleton)  has  been 
written  quite  evidently  for  that  young  person  whom 
we  had  supposed  was  shocked  out  of  existence  sev- 
eral years  ago.  A  young  man  "  with  enough  of  the 
devil  in  him  to  keep  the  devil  out "  loses  Lucia  to  a 
somewhat  mephistophelian  nobleman,  who  turns  out 
to  be  rather  soft  after  great  expectations  had  been 
aroused  concerning  his  hardness.  After  a  series  of 
postponements,  both  of  betrothal  and  marriage,  the 
young  man,  having  amassed  a  fortune  in  specula- 
tion, marries  the  fair  Lucia,  also  enriched  by  the 
nobleman's  selection  of  her  as  his  heiress.  It  is  a 
mild  and  uninjurious  story. 

"Dr.  Syn :  A  Smuggler  Tale  of  Romney  Marsh  " 
(Doubleday)  is  a  rollicking,  murderous  tale  of  the 
early  years  of  the  last  century,  in  which  the  protag- 
onist, an  old  pirate  disguised  as  a  clergyman, 
matches  his  wits  against  those  of  a  King's  officer 
and  is  eventually  worsted.  There  is  nothing  dis- 
tantly resembling  a  normal  human  being  in  the 
narrative,  and  there  is  little  done  that  any  normal 
being  thinks  could  be  done.  The  scene  is  as  strange 
as  the  deeds  set  in  it,  the  whole  constituting  a 
thorough-going  melodrama  of  the  most  sensational 
sort. 

M.  Henry  Bordeaux's  story  of  "  Les  Roquevil- 
lard  "  has  been  ably  translated  by  Mr.  Pitts  Duffield 
and  given  the  title  of  "  The  Will  to  Live  "  (Duf- 
field ) .  It  deals  with  the  unity  of  an  ancient  family, 
dishonored  by  a  youthful  son  of  the  house ;  and  the 


426 


THE    DIAL 


[  May  27 


collective  grief  of  the  kinsfolk  is  depicted  with  fine 
understanding  and  vigor.  The  disgrace  comes  from 
an  elopement  with  a  married  woman,  who  takes  the 
dowry  her  elderly  doting  husband  has  settled  upon 
her.  For  revenge  the  deserted  man  accuses  the 
youth  of  the  theft.  Eventually  found  not  guilty 
through  the  father's  eloquent  plea  in  court,  the 
whole  circle  of  his  relatives  are  compelled  to  suffer 
with  him.  The  book  will  command  both  attention 
and  respect. 

Quite  typically  American  are  the  attributes  given 
by  Mr.  Holworthy  Hall  to  the  collegians  who  figure 
in  his  "Pepper"  (Century  Co.).  The  hero  of  the 
undergraduate  episodes  at  Harvard  here  recounted 
is  from  Chicago,  which  will  perhaps  account  for  his 
being  so  successful  in  making  money,  both  for  him- 
self in  a  moment  of  necessity  and  for  others  in  their 
want.  He  does  not  need  it,  ordinarily  speaking, 
for  his  father  is  rich ;  but  he  has  a  wide  fertility  of 
resource  which  wins  him  the  respect  of  his  asso- 
ciates and  generally  the  affection  of  those  whom  he 
so  cleverly  befriends.  It  is  an  entertaining  work, 
bubbling  over  with  the  spirit  of  youth. 

As  many  bewildering  incidents  as  can  well  be 
crowded  into  the  pages  of  a  single  short  book  make 
Mr.  John  Selborne's  "The  Thousand  Secrets" 
(Kennerley)  rather  bewildering  reading.  It  begins 
with  a  mysterious  murder,  almost  immediately  com- 
plicated with  international  troubles  between  Great 
Britain,  where  the  scene  is  variously  laid,  and  two 
other  nations,  pseudonymously  named.  A  puny 
love  affair  rather  detracts  from  than  adds  to  the 
interest  of  the  book,  which  is  written  quite  frankly 
for  purposes  of  mere  pastime. 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 


International 
perspective 
in  criticism. 


To  the  rapidly  increasing  list  of 
books  dealing  with  what  will  in 
due  time  come  to  be  recognized 
as  a  new  genre  in  the  fine  art  of  literature,  an 
admirable  addition  has  lately  been  made  in 
Mr.  Gustav  Pollak's  "International  Perspec- 
tive in  Criticism"  (Dodd).  The  volume  is  a 
well  chosen  compilation  of  extracts  from 
Goethe,  Grillparzer,  Sainte-Beuve,  and  Lowell 
dealing  with  great  figures  in  the  literatures  of 
England,  France,  Germany,  Italy,  Spain,  with 
the  literature  of  antiquity,  with  definitions  of 
a  "  classic,"  and  with  philosophy  and  religion. 
For  the  most  part  these  authors  are  allowed  to 
speak  for  themselves.  But  Mr.  Pollak  has 
some  good  things  to  say  about  Goethe's  inter- 
national sympathies.  Grillparzer's  relentless 
habit  of  severe  self-scrutiny  and  steadfast 
belief  in  a  drama  of  democracy,  Sainte-Beuve's 
alert  curiosity  and  wide-ranging  sympathies, 
and  Lowell's  admirable  reconciliation  of  what 
are  opposites  to  the  small  mind,  patriotism  and 
cosmopolitanism.  At  the  close,  in  a  section 
called  "Messages  from  the  Masters,"  Mr.  Pol- 
lak points  out  that  in  these  men  the  "  critical  " 


faculty  seems  in  no  wise  to  have  stunted  their 
"  creative  "  energy.  He  dwells  on  their  "  in- 
cessant and  passionate  endeavour  to  hold  up 
to  their  countrymen  the  great  models  of  for- 
eign literatures,  in  order  to  bring  home  to 
them  the  excellence  of  their  own  great  writ- 
ers," their  steadfast  rejection  of  the  "  mediocre 
and  ignoble,"  their  "wholesome  dread  of 
pedantry  "  combined  with  their  "  steady  pur- 
suit of  wisdom,"  their  realization  of  the  fact 
that  individual  "  liberties  "  mean  often  collec- 
tive enslavement,  their  desire  that  their  own 
countries  should  see  themselves  as  others  see 
them  and  thus  rise  above  "  blind  chauvinism." 
The  reading  of  these  men  fills  Mr.  Pollak  with 
grave  fears  that  "  the  restlessness  of  modern 
endeavour  "  in  art  and  all  other  forms  of  life 
"  betokens  only  weakness."  As  one  turns  the 
really  liberating  pages  of  this  volume  one  is 
tempted  to  make  from  it  many  fruitful  though 
perhaps  fantastic  deductions:  that  the  critic 
is  the  most  international  in  spirit  among  all 
artists,  as  the  poet  has  tended  to  be  the  most 
national;  that  imperialism  and  national  alli- 
ances are  but  crude  forms  of  cosmopolitanism 
viewed  from  the  wrong  side ;  that  Oscar  Wilde 
was,  for  the  moment,  wiser  than  any  diplomat 
when  he  said  that  we  might  well  some  day 
refuse  to  make  war  on  France  because  of  her 
beautiful  prose;  that  the  critic  is  a  truer 
patriot  than  the  imperialist  because  the  im- 
perialist thinks  that  his  country  has  a  divine 
wisdom  which  she  must  crudely  superimpose 
upon  the  world,  while  the  critic  is  so  proud  of 
his  own  country  that  he  despises  her  limita- 
tions and  would  make  her  grow  rich  through 
the  absorption  of  the  best  traits  of  her  sister 
countries,  to  find  herself  by  losing  herself,  and 
to  discover  that  just  as  there  is  no  real  quarrel 
between  egoism  and  altruism  (for  the  indi- 
vidual must  improve  the  community  in  order 
to  improve  himself,  and  he  cannot  improve 
himself  without  improving  the  community)  so 
there  is  no  real  contention  between  the  group- 
individual,  nationalism,  and  cosmopolitanism. 


Richly  gifted  in  mind  and  heart 
Fraternal  was  ^e  jate  Robert  Hugh  Ben- 

memories. 

son,  youngest  of  the  three  vari- 
ously accomplished  brothers  whose  books  are 
widely  read  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 
Sons  of  the  late  Primate  of  the  English 
Church,  and  of  a  mother  who  seems  to  have 
exerted  a  powerful  influence  for  good  over 
her  children,  the  three  brothers  could  not  fail, 
so  soon  as  their  literary  gifts  had  made  them 
known  to  the  larger  world,  to  become  objects 
of  interest  to  that  world.  Hence  the  certainty 
of  a  general  and  cordial  welcome  to  the  volume 
entitled  "Hugh:  Memoirs  of  a  Brother" 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


427 


(Long-mans) ,  by  Mr.  Arthur  Christopher  Ben- 
son, the  eldest  of  the  three.  It  is  an  affectionate, 
graceful,  admiring  but  by  no  means  indis- 
criminately laudatory  tribute  to  the  memory 
of  an  interesting  and  lovable  and  strongly 
marked  character;  and  the  human  quality  of 
the  book  throughout,  its  attention  to  little 
homely  details,  its  success  in  making  both  the 
boy  Hugh  and  the  purposeful  man  live  and 
breathe  before  us,  will  win  for  it  the  praise 
accorded  to  all  biography  written  with  insight 
and  carrying  with  it  the  sense  of  truth  to  real- 
ity. The  more  formal  and  detailed  account 
of  Monsignor  Benson's  life  and  wrork,  espe- 
cially in  his  character  of  priest,  will  appear 
later  from  the  hand  of  his  friend  and  co- 
religionist, Father  C.  C.  Martindale,  S.  J. 
Meanwhile  the  reader  is  admitted  to  some  de- 
lightful intimacies  by  the  brother  who  presents 
this  preliminary  sketch.  One  brief  passage 
from  the  opening  chapter,  describing  the  home 
that  Father  Benson  had  acquired  for  himself 
in  his  later  years,  will  make  evident  the  variety 
of  talents  he  possessed.  "  Everything  in  the 
little  domain  took  shape  under  his  skilful  hand 
and  ingenious  brain.  He  made  most  of  the 
tapestries  in  the  house  with  his  own  fingers, 
working  with  his  friend  Mr.  Gabriel  Pippet, 
the  artist.  He  carved  much  of  the  panelling  — 
he  was  extraordinarily  clever  with  his  hands. 
He  painted  many  of  the  pictures  which  hang 
on  the  walls,  he  catalogued  the  library;  he 
worked  day  after  day  in  the  garden,  weeding, 
mowing,  and  planting."  Not  the  least  of  the 
book's  charms  is  the  striking  manner  in  which 
it  incidentally  reveals  the  extent  to  which 
autobiography  has  entered  into  Robert  Hugh 
Benson's  works  of  fiction,  though  this  revela- 
tion is  in  no  sense  a  surprise.  The  final  im- 
pression of  the  memoir  is  of  one  who  high- 
heartedly  and  with  intense  earnestness  entered 
into  the  tremendous  game  of  life,  and  played 
his  part  nobly  and  zestfully  to  the  very  end. 
Glad  did  he  live  and  gladly  die,  and  he  laid 
him  down  with  a  will.  Of  portraits  and  other 
illustrations  the  book  has  no  lack.  No  more 
sincere  or  engrossing  piece  of  writing  has  come 
from  its  author's  pen. 


The  oldest  and      Mr-  George  P.  Upton  has  done 
most  enduring      another  good  service  tor  music 

form  of  music. 


(McClurg).  The  subject  is  an  especially  in- 
teresting one.  The  spontaneous  utterance  of 
the  race  in  music  has  been  chiefly  in  the  song. 
Among  all  nations  have  been  found  these  free 
expressions  of  feeling.  They  have  varied  in 
form,  in  rhythm,  in  color,  with  the  changing 
skies  under  which  they  have  been  produced. 
They  have  been  embodiments  of  all  the  emo- 


tions which  fill  the  hearts  of  mankind.  They 
have  been  the  rich  and  lavish  material  to  which 
the  learned  composers  have  gone  for  themes 
which  could  be  worked  up  into  imposing 
musical  structures.  They  have  voiced  the 
hopes,  the  fears,  the  aspirations  of  mankind 
from  the  earliest  periods.  They  are  to-day  as 
living  as  they  ever  were,  and  they  constitute 
the  music  which  everyone  understands  and 
which  everyone  enjoys.  Mr.  Upton  thus  ex- 
plains the  purpose  of  his  book :  "  In  carrying 
out  his  scheme  the  author  has  confined  his 
selection  and  classes  to  song  in  the  English 
tongue,  making  little  reference  to  songs  of 
other  countries,  except  in  chapters  relating  to 
their  origin  and  evolution.  He  has  also  sought 
to  trace  the  various  functions  of  the  song,  and 
to  attempt  to  explain  why  some  of  the  simplest 
of  the  old  songs  live  on,  generation  after  gen- 
eration, as  fresh  and  forceful  as  when  they 
were  written,  while  so  many  of  the  higher  and 
more  elaborate  musical  forms  perish  or  are 
soon  forgotten.  In  a  word,  the  writer  has 
sought  to  present  the  story,  the  psychology, 
and  mission  of  the  song,  the  oldest  and  most 
enduring  form  of  music."  It  would  be  easy, 
in  making  such  an  effort,  to  become  lost  in  the 
multiplicity  of  details  and,  while  being  ade- 
quately encyclopaedic,  to  fail  sadly  in  keeping 
up  the  indubitable  interest  of  the  subject.  No 
such  disaster  has  overtaken  the  present  author. 
Our  enjoyment  waxes  as  we  proceed,  and  the 
value  of  the  book  is  enhanced  by  the  manner 
of  presentation.  Our  old  favorites  appear 
unshorn  of  the  attraction  which  they  have 
always  possessed.  We  learn  a  good  deal  of  the 
peoples  who  have  here  so  clearly  and  unre- 
servedly manifested  themselves.  We  may  not 
entirely  give  ourselves  up  to  their  intense  and 
sanguinary  developments  of  patriotic  devotion 
to  the  fatherland;  but  for  unhampered  im- 
mersion in  the  domestic  affections,  for  the 
delight  in  the  simple  amusements  of  daily 
life,  for  the  hymning  of  the  higher  experiences, 
we  can  have  only  sympathy  and  gratitude. 
The  many  who  love  the  old  songs  will  assur- 
edly give  this  book  a  cordial  welcome. 


Ten  "studies  of  extravagance" 

Studies  and  .  i-i-in      ••••••*  i 

satires  by  comprise  nearly  half  of  Mr.  John 

Mr.  Galsworthy.      Galsworthy»s  latest  volume,  "  The 

Little  Man,  and  Other  Satires"  (Scribner). 
So  vividly  are  they  portrayed  that  the  types 
depicted  in  these  pen-sketches  seem  to  stand 
forth  like  so  many  bronze  statues  one  has  come 
upon  unexpectedly  out  in  the  open.  Whole 
sentences  linger  in  the  mind  long  after  the 
book  is  laid  aside.  For  instance,  there  is  the 
artist  who  declares  that  it  does  not  matter 
whether  you  have  anything  to  express,  so  long 


428 


THE   DIAL 


[May  27 


as  you  express  it ;  the  young  woman  who  flings 
open  all  the  doors  of  life,  and  is  so  continually 
going  out  and  coming  in  that  life  has  con- 
siderable difficulty  in  catching  a  glimpse  of 
her  at  all ;  the  perfect  one  who  had  heard  of 
"  the  people,"  and,  indeed,  at  times  had  seen 
and  smelt  them;  and  the  superlative  whose 
poet  was  Blake,  whose  novelist  was  Dostoiev- 
sky, and  whose  playwright  was  Strindberg,  for 
who  else  was  there  who  had  gone  outside  the 
range  of  normal,  stupid,  rational  humanity, 
and  shown  the  marvellous  qualities  of  the 
human  creature  drunk  or  dreaming1?  It  is 
given  to  few  artists  to  reveal  the  soul  with 
Mr.  Galswrorthy's  penetration,  to  write  with 
his  brilliance.  "A  Simple  Tale,"  one  of  the 
short  stories  of  the  volume,  contains  a  weird 
and  unforgettable  character,  near  kin  to  Mr. 
Stone  of  "Fraternity"  and  the  very  shadow 
of  old  age  itself,  who  thinks  himself  the  Wan- 
dering Jew.  The  title  piece  is  a  whimsical 
satire,  having  for  its  characters  an  English- 
man and  his  wife,  an  American,  a  German, 
the  Little  Man,  and  a  woman  with  two  bundles 
and  a  baby,  who  are  waiting  for  their  train  on 
an  Austrian  railway  platform.  The  men  are 
trying  to  find  a  definition  for  true  heroism. 
Catastrophe  befalls  the  Little  Man,  the  only 
one  who  attempts  to  put  theory  into  practice ; 
but  Fate  is  at  hand  to  throw  in  one  of  her 
happy  endings  (she  has  robbed  so  many  lives 
of  them  that  she  ought  to  have  them  to  squan- 
der), and  the  curtain  falls  as  the  American 
snaps  his  kodak  on  the  sobered  group.  Just 
what,  we  begin  to  wonder,  is  the  significance 
of  all  this  ?  Can  it  be  that  Mr.  Galsworthy  is 
trying  to  say  that  it  is  just  as  heroic  to  lug  a 
baby  and  two  bundles  for  a  woman  crying  in 
distress,  as,  let  us  say,  to  steer  a  Zeppelin 

over ?    But  we  are  on  forbidden  ground. 

In  a  warning  note  the  author  states  expressly 
that  the  piece  was  written  in  1913,  and  has 
nothing  whatever  to  do,  however  darkly  and 
deeply,  with  the  Great  War. 


The  problem 
of  sex  control. 


The  perennial  problem  of  the 
control  of  the  determination  of 
sex  never  loses  interest,  partly 
because  of  its  relations  to  the  economic  inter- 
ests of  the  animal  breeder  and  partly  by  rea- 
son of  its  ever  present  appeal  to  parents.  The 
progress  of  biological  inquiry  into  the  struc- 
ture and  behavior  of  the  sex  cells,  the  trans- 
mission of  hereditary  characters  from  parents 
to  children,  and  the  application  of  the  experi- 
mental method  to  the  modification  of  sexual 
characters  and  to  the  control  of  sex  among 
animals,  have  brought  to  light  a  great  mass 
of  data,  much  of  it  obscure  in  its  significance, 
not  a  little  of  it  conflicting  in  character,  and 


practically  all  of  it  suggesting  several  differ- 
ent conclusions.  Out  of  this  confusion  some 
general  results  are  emerging  which  point  the 
way  for  further  investigation  rather  than 
afford  generalizations  of  sweeping  import. 
Dr.  L.  Doncaster,  of  King's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, has  set  forth  these  results  in  his 
"  Determination  of  Sex  "  (Putnam)  in  a  criti- 
cal and  constructive  way.  supplementing  the 
data  of  others  by  his  own  interpretations  and 
suggestions.  His  work  is  of  necessity  some- 
what technical  and  highly  specialized,  though 
the  glossary  and  the  simplicity  and  clarity  of 
his  style  will  assist  the  non-technical  reader 
through  the  mazes  of  chromosomes,  hetero- 
zygotes,  and  gynandromorphs.  The  topics 
discussed  include  the  nature  and  functions  of 
sex,  the  stage  of  development  at  which  sex  is 
determined,  sex-limited  inheritance,  the  sex 
ratio,  identical  twins,  secondary  sexual  char- 
acters, the  transmission  of  secondary  sexual 
characters,  hermaphroditism,  and  the  deter- 
mination of  sex  in  man.  With  regard  to  the 
last,  the  author  inclines  to  the  view  that, 
although  the  problem  is  far  from  solution, 
there  is  still  hope  for  an  ultimate  victory. 


short  and  Transitory  but  vivid  glimpses  of 

simple  annais  a  succession  of  characters  from 
of  the  poor.  common  Hfe  make  up  the  sub- 
stance of  "  Eight  O'clock  and  Other  Studies  " 
(Macmillan),  by  Mr.  St.  John  G.  Ervine. 
Humble  and  to  an  unobservant  eye  uninter- 
esting, these  representatives  of  the  poorer 
classes  in  London,  Dublin,  County  Antrim, 
and  elsewhere,  become  instinct  with  meaning 
in  the  discerning  author's  hands :  and  the  les- 
son, or  one  of  the  lessons,  that  he  unobtrusively 
and  undidactically  teaches  is  the  pathetic 
dreariness  of  life  to  those  unfortunates  who 
have  no  inner  resources  of  their  own,  while  by 
implication  the  richness  and  wonderfulness  of 
existence  to  the  uncramped  soul  are  made  to 
stand  out  in  glowing  relief.  Amusing  but 
pitiful  is  the  aspect  of  the  bookseller's  assistant 
encountered  by  the  writer  in  Kew  Gardens 
and  sounded  with  ludicrous  lack  of  response 
on  various  subjects,  including  books;  and 
when  a  final  desperate  appeal  was  made  to  his 
ambition  (if  he  had  any) ,  "  for  the  first  time  a 
look  of  yearning  came  into  his  eyes,  and  he 
stared  steadily  in  front  of  him  for  a  second  or 
so.  '  Yes.'  he  said,  after  a  little  while,  '  some- 
times I  think  it  would  be  nice  to  have  two 
pounds  a  week  certain/"  Equally  touching 
is  the  spectacle  of  Mr.  Martin,  a  workingman 
who  has  scraped  together  a  competence  and 
retired  from  the  drudgery  of  daily  toil  to  the 
tedium  of  perpetual  idleness.  To  go  "for  a 
walk  in  the  Square,  and  look  at  the  shops,"  is 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


429 


the  utmost  extent  of  his  recreational  capabili- 
ties. Previous  appearance  of  some  of  these 
sketches  in  such  journals  as  the  Manchester 
"  Guardian,"  the  London  "  Nation,"  "  Sunday 
Chronicle,"  "New  Statesman,"  and  "Irish 
Independent"  is  a  sort  of  guarantee,  if  one 
asks  for  it,  of  their  good  quality. 

The  civilization       Tt    ls    Difficult    to     foresee    what 

of  India,  ckina,  f  orm  will  be  assumed  by  reports 
of  the  fortunate  holders  of  Kahn 
fellowships  as  their  numbers  increase  with  the 
passing  years.  It  is  appalling  to  think  of  their 
publication,  if  they  once  become  fixed  in  type. 
In  fact,  we  are  almost  ready  to  declare  that 
no  man  should  be  allowed  to  go  around  the 
world,  unless  he  will  bind  himself  not  to  pub- 
lish anything  about  his  trip  for  five  years 
after  he  returns.  However,  the  latest  report 
to  the  Kahn  trustees  need  give  no  ground  for 
apprehension,  inasmuch  as  it  comes  from  the 
well  known  English  writer,  Mr.  G.  Lowes  Dick- 
inson, who  has  wisely  refrained  from  describ- 
ing his  journey  in  detail  and  has  offered 
instead  "  some  reflections  on  the  general  spirit 
and  character  of  the  civilization  of  India, 
China,  and  Japan;  and  the  apparent  and 
probable  effects  upon  these  civilizations  of 
contact  with  the  West."  His  essay,  which  is 
divided  into  three  parts  and  a  conclusion,  fills 
less  than  ninety  rather  small  pages ;  but  every 
paragraph  is  thoughtful  and  suggestive.  In 
fact,  the  tiny  volume  contains  much  more 
mental  pabulum  than  is  to  be  found  in  many 
bulkier  productions,  and  is  well  worth  read- 
ing. At  the  same  time  we  ought  to  note  that  it 
will  not  offer  much  that  is  essentially  new 
to  those  who  are  familiar  with  the  author's 
"Appearances,"  reviewed  at  some  length  in 
our  issue  of  December  16  last.  It  is  hardly 
necessary  to  add  that  Mr.  Dickinson's  hand 
has  lost  nothing  of  its  cunning,  and  that  the 
essay  is  a  delightful  example  of  style.  (Dou- 
bleday,  Page  &  Co.) 

Some  romantic        £he      old      Sailing      ships      whidl 

chapters  in  the  found  their  finest  type  at  last  in 
3ea-  American  " clippers"  have  their 
counterpart  in  English  nautical  history  in 
"The  Old  East  Indiamen,"  to  which  Lieuten- 
ant E.  Keble  Chatterton,  R.N.V.R.,  devotes 
an  entertaining  and  fully  illustrated  volume 
(Lippincott).  Previous  works  by  the  same 
writer  attest  both  his  interest  and  his  qualifi- 
cations ;  and  in  his  new  book  he  has  added  a 
series  of  chapters  to  the  annals  of  the  sea 
which  needed  to  be  particularized.  Begin- 
ning with  the  first  operations  of  the  East 
India  Company,  after  a  survey  of  the  voy- 
ages and  discoveries  that  made  the  Company 
possible, —  carrying  his  tale  from  the  pages 


of  Hakluyt  down  into  the  last  century,  when 
the  monopoly  of  the  Company  was  taken  from 
it  and  the  need  for  maintaining  a  fleet  of 
ships,  most  of  them  well  armed  against 
pirates,  privateers,  and  the  ships  of  European 
enemies,  ceased, —  he  buttresses  the  late  Ad- 
miral Mahan's  theory  of  sea  power  from  one 
cover  to  another.  There  was  fighting  enough 
in  the  old  days,  and  on  at  least  one  occasion 
the  East  Indiamen  proved  too  powerful  for 
a  French  squadron.  Something  might  have 
been  said  about  the  various  flags  and  ensigns 
shown  in  the  numerous  pictures  of  these  gal- 
lant old  craft,  the  more  so  as  facing  page 
78  is  a  flag  identical  with  the  one  flown  at 
Washington's  headquarters  at  Cambridge  in 
1775,  with  the  Union  Jack  and  thirteen 
stripes,  apparently  red  and  white.  The  work 
sadly  needs  an  index. 


The  making  Professor  George  M.  Priest  of 
of  modern  Princeton  has  written  a  lucid 
and  interesting  history  of  "  Ger- 
many since  1740"  (Ginn),  which  will  doubt- 
less find  many  readers  in  the  present  posture 
of  international  affairs.  The  difficult  task  of 
writing  an  historical  narrative  where  there  is, 
for  the  most  part,  no  one  focal  point,  is  here 
solved  with  considerable  skill.  The  slow 
amalgamation  of  the  scattered  and  impotent 
German  states  into  one  of  the  greatest  powers 
in  human  history  may  be  followed  clearly  in 
this  book  of  two  hundred  pages,  from  which 
superfluous  facts  have  been  carefully  elimi- 
nated. The  tone  of  the  writer  is  sympathetic 
but  critical.  His  detachment  becomes  espe- 
cially observable  in  the  latter  part  of  the  book, 
where  he  has  to  deal  with  the  amazing  com- 
mercial and  industrial  development  of  Ger- 
many which  has  imparted  such  a  sinister 
materialistic  aspect  to  life  there.  The  worship 
of  force,  a  legacy  from  Bismarck,  has  been 
further  fostered  by  this  consciousness  of  eco- 
nomic strength,  and  has  tended  to  overshadow 
other  elements  in  the  German  character.  Its 
fruition  is  the  present  war,  for  which  Ger- 
many is,  in  the  author's  opinion,  only  proxi- 
mately  to  blame,  the  fundamental  guilt  being 
shared,  at  least  to  some  extent,  by  the  other 
great  powers  of  Europe.  For  the  general 
reader,  Professor  Priest's  book  is  the  most 
commendable  account  extant  of  the  develop- 
ment of  what  is  just  now  the  most  interesting, 
though  not  the  best  beloved,  country  in  the 
world.  

The  abhorrence  which  most  peo- 
P^e  instinctively  exhibit  towards 
snakes,  lizards,  and  salamanders 
does  not  seem  to  reduce  popular  interest  in 
these  long  since  decadent  groups  of  the  lower 


430 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  27 


vertebrates.  The  reptile  house  at  the  zoologi- 
cal garden  is  full  of  attraction,  not  only 
because  of  its  potentialities  in  hair-raising 
thrills  but  also  because  of  its  varied  interests 
which  increase  greatly  with  acquaintance. 
Mr.  E.  G.  Boulenger's  volume  entitled  "  Rep- 
tiles and  Batrachians "  (Dutton)  is  based 
upon  the  author's  experience  as  curator  of 
the  famous  collection  of  lower  vertebrates  in 
the  Zoological  Gardens  of  the  Zoological  So- 
ciety in  Regent's  Park,  London.  It  gives  a 
general  account  of  the  classification  of  these 
two  groups  of  animals,  with  a  brief  discussion 
of  the  more  interesting  facts  of  natural  his- 
tory pertaining  to  the  representative  reptiles, 
the  crocodiles,  alligators,  lizards,  slowworms, 
turtles,  tortoises,  and  snakes  of  the  world,  and 
likewise  of  the  amphibians  including  the  frogs, 
toads,  tree-toads,  salamanders,  and  water  pup- 
pies. It  discusses  distribution,  food  and  feed- 
ing habits,  life  history,  behavior,  poison  fangs 
and  poisons,  and  breeding  habits,  affording  a 
mine  of  trustworthy  information  on  a  wide 
range  of  forms.  The  book  deals  with  leading 
species  from  all  continents,  and  includes  a  con- 
siderable number  of  American  species.  It  is 
illustrated  with  one  hundred  and  seventy-six 
plates,  mostly  reproductions  from  original 
photographs  of  living  animals  made  by  Mr. 
W.  S.  Berridge. 

Professor  Thomas  H.  Dickinson 

An  anthology  nag  ma(Je  a  judicious  Selection 
of  modern  plays.  J  . 

oi  plays  tor  his  anthology  01 
"Chief  Contemporary  Dramatists"  (Hough- 
ton)  .  Allowing  for  the  exigencies  of  copyright, 
of  author's  permission  in  several  cases,  of 
accessibility  in  translation,  the  dramas  in- 
cluded are  as  nearly  representative  as  any 
group  so  arbitrarily  chosen  could  possibly  be. 
By  a  somewhat  daring  and  curious  turn  of 
logic,  the  editor  explains  that  Ibsen  was  omit- 
ted because  he  is  too  much  the  pioneer  of  the 
contemporary  movement,  too  fully  its  source 
and  exemplar.  The  omission  of  representative 
plays  by  Shaw  and  Barrie  is  enforced.  En- 
glish drama  is  represented  by  Wilde,  Pinero, 
Jones,  Galsworthy,  and  Barker;  Irish  by 
Yeats,  Synge,  and  Lady  Gregory;  American 
by  Fitch,  Moody,  Thomas,  and  MacKaye; 
Norwegian  by  Bjornson,  Swedish  by  Strind- 
berg,  and  Russian  by  Tchekhov;  German  by 
Hauptmann  and  Sudermann ;  and  French  and 
Belgian  by  Brieux,  Hervieu,  and  Maeterlinck. 
Serious  plays  predominate;  but  the  editor 
forestalls  any  criticism  on  this  point  by  sug- 
gesting that  it  is  not  his  fault  but  the  fault  of 
the  age.  The  volume  is  carefully  edited  in 
detail ;  its  notes  are  concise ;  its  bibliographies 
are  brief  but  adequate.  That  it  will  prove  an 


indispensable  handbook  for  students  of  the 
modern  drama,  goes  without  saying.  An 
anthology  of  this  kind  is  in  itself  so  much  a 
pioneer,  so  much  an  innovation,  and  it  con- 
tains so  much  that  is  admirable,  that  to  quarrel 
with  its  contents  were  like  holding  a  grudge 
against  the  gods  for  having  led  us  out  into  the 
open  road,  where  we  expected  only  a  path. 


BRIEFER  MENTION. 

We  are  glad  to  note  that  Mr.  Robert  Frost's  vol- 
ume of  verse,  "  North  of  Boston,"  the  English 
edition  of  which  we  reviewed  in  our  issue  of  Oct.  1 
last,  has  been  published  in  this  country  by  Messrs. 
Henry  Holt  &  Co.  An  American  edition  of  Mr. 
Frost's  first  volume,  "A  Boy's  Will,"  is  also  issued 
at  the  same  time  by  the  same  publishers. 

Interest  in  the  West,  in  this  year  of  the  exposi- 
tion, is  not  limited  to  California.  Those  who  plan 
to  visit  America's  only  "  geyser  land  "  and  desire  a 
complete  historical  and  descriptive  guide  to  the 
region,  will  find  what  they  seek  in  General  Hiram 
M.  Chittenden's  "  The  Yellowstone  National  Park  " 
(Stewart  &  Kidd  Co.),  now  revised  and  enlarged 
and  brought  thoroughly  up  to  date. 

New  revised  editions,  in  both  instances  the  third, 
of  Mr.  Hubert  Howe  Bancroft's  "  The  New  Pacific  " 
and  "  Retrospection  "  have  recently  been  published 
by  the  Bancroft  Co.  The  interest  of  the  veteran 
Californian  in  men  and  institutions  and  problems 
of  the  day  remains  undiminished,  and  his  comments 
are  no  less  fearless  or  illuminating  than  of  old. 
The  two  volumes  are  issued  together  in  a  box. 

A  textbook  on  advertising  that  deals  with  the 
economic,  psychological,  and  physical  factors  of  the 
subject,  as  well  as  principles  of  artistic  arrange- 
ment and  composition  in  the  preparation  of 
"  copy,"  has  been  prepared  by  Messrs.  Harry 
Tipper,  Harry  L.  Hollingworth,  George  Burton 
Hotchkiss,  and  Frank  Alvah  Parsons,  each  one  of 
whom  is  qualified  by  experience  and  training  for 
his  task  and  is  an  expert  in  his  field.  A  distinctive 
feature  of  the  volume  is  the  outline  of  an  advertis- 
ing campaign  in  actual  operation.  Elaborate  illus- 
trations of  successful  display  advertising  ,are 
included.  (New  York:  The  Ronald  Press  Co.) 

A  second  edition  of  "  Routledge's  New  English 
Dictionary  of  the  English  Language,"  edited  by 
Mr.  Cecil  Weatherley,  has  been  issued  by  Messrs. 
Dutton.  Some  of  its  features  are:  condensation 
secured  through  judicious  grouping  of  derivatives 
with  the  vocabulary  word,  which  has  resulted  in 
the  elimination  of  unnecessary  definitions;  the 
inclusion  of  all  the  principal  new  terms  in  the 
sciences  and  the  applied  and  fine  arts,  of  modern 
colloquial  slang  both  English  and  American,  and 
of  idiomatic  words  with  their  usages;  and  the 
ready  use  for  sources  of  the  "  Encyclopaedia  Bri- 
tannica "  and  such  dictionaries  as  the  "  Oxford 
English,"  the  "  Century,"  and  the  latest  edition  of 
Webster's  "  International."  Convenient  in  size, 
and  clear  in  typography,  the  volume  forms  a  most 
desirable  reference  book  for  the  desk  or  library. 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


431 


NOTES. 

Mrs.  Josephine  Daskam  Bacon's  new  novel, 
"  Open  Market,"  will  be  issued  immediately  by 
Messrs.  Appleton. 

Sir  Gilbert  Parker's  forthcoming  novel,  which 
will  be  published  in  the  autumn,  will  be  entitled 
"  The  Money  Master." 

Mr.  Ford  Madox  Hueffer's  book  on  the  war, 
"  When  Blood  Is  Their  Argument,"  will  be  pub- 
lished in  this  country  by  Messrs.  Doran. 

General  Joffre's  only  book,  "  My  March  to  Tim- 
buctoo,"  has  been  translated  and  an  English  edition 
will  be  issued  immediately  by  Messrs.  Stokes. 

The  third  volume  of  "  The  Standard  Cyclopedia 
of  Horticulture,"  edited  by  Mr.  L.  H.  Bailey,  is 
ready  for  immediate  issue  by  the  Macmillan  Co. 

Mrs.  Mary  Hastings  Bradley's  story  of  war  and 
love,  "  The  Splendid  Chance,"  is  announced  by 
Messrs.  Appleton  for  issue  before  the  end  of  the 
month. 

We  are  sorry  to  report  that  it  has  been  found 
necessary  to  discontinue  the  publication  of  the 
"  Harvard  Architectural  Quarterly,"  two  complete 
volumes  of  which  have  been  issued. 

;  Mr.  B.  Russell  Herts,  author  of  "  Depreciations," 
has  prepared  a  volume  on  "  The  Decoration  and 
Furnishing  of  Apartments,"  which  Messrs.  Putnam 
have  in  train  for  publication  in  June. 

A  volume  entitled  "An  Eye  Witness's  Narrative 
of  the  War "  will  be  published  immediately  by 
Messrs.  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.  It  is  described  as 
a  commentary  on  the  operations  and  achievements 
of  the  British  Expeditionary  Force. 

There  will  be  published  at  once  in  England  a 
book  of  "  Memorials  of  Mgr.  Benson,"  by  Blanche 
Warre  Cornish,  Shane  Leslie,  and  others  of  his 
friends.  It  is  to  be  issued  uniformly  with  Mgr. 
Benson's  volume  of  collected  poems. 

A  new  collection  of  poems  by  Mr.  G.  K.  Chester- 
ton is  soon  to  be  published.  This  book  will  contain 
war  poems,  including  "  Lepanto  " ;  love  poems ; 
religious  poems;  ballades;  and  a  section  of 
"  Rhymes  for  the  Times,"  serious  and  gay. 

Into  a  volume  entitled  "A  German-American's 
Confession  of  Faith,"  Professor  Kuno  Francke 
has  gathered  the  papers  he  has  written  and  the 
addresses  he  has  delivered  upon  the  great  war  and 
its  problems.  It  will  be  published  at  once  by  Mr. 
B.  W.  Huebsch. 

The  first  three  volumes  in  the  "  Mind  and 
Health  Series,"  to  be  published  shortly,  are 
"  Human  Motives,"  by  Professor  James  Jackson 
Putnam ;  "  The  Meaning  of  Dreams,"  by  Dr. 
Isador  H.  Coriat ;  and  "  Sleep  and  Sleeplessness," 
by  Mr.  H.  Addington  Bruce. 

Mrs.  Rosa  Newmarch,  author  of  a  recent  book 
on  "The  Russian  Opera,"  will  have  a  companion 
volume  ready  next  month  on  "  The  Russian  Arts," 
the  main  object  of  which  is  to  show  how  the  soul 
of  the  people  is  revealed  not  only  in  their  literature 
and  music,  but  also  in  their  iconography,  modern 
painting,  sculpture,  architecture,  and  ornamenta- 
tion. 


"  German  Philosophy  and  Politics,"  by  Profes- 
sor John  Dewey,  traces  for  the  unprofessional 
reader  the  development  of  classical  German  philos- 
ophy from  Kant  to  Hegel.  The  volume  will  be 
issued  immediately  by  Messrs.  Holt,  who  will  also 
publish  next  month  a  new  one-volume  edition, 
revised,  of  Mr.  L.  T.  Hobhouse's  book,  "  Morals  in 
Evolution." 

Among  forthcoming  books  from  the  Oxford  Uni- 
versity Press  will  be  "  Some  Love  Songs  of 
Petrarch,"  translated  and  annotated  by  Dr.  W.  D. 
Foulke,  who  has  also  contributed  a  lengthy  memoir 
of  the  poet  by  way  of  introduction.  Only  a  portion 
of  the  canzoniere  is  included,  Dr.  Foulke  having 
omitted  all  which  did  not  seem  to  him  to  represent 
Petrarch  at  his  best. 

Three  new  volumes  are  in  preparation  for  the 
"  Quest  Series,"  edited  by  Mr.  G.  R.  S.  Mead  and 
published  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  They  are  "  The 
Ethical  and  Social  Significance  of  Personality  "  by 
Professor  William  Brown,  "  Catholic  Mysticism  " 
by  Baron  Friedrich  Von  Hugel,  and  "  The  Inter- 
pretation of  Nature  from  Aristotle  to  Bergson" 
by  Professor  J.  Arthur  Thomson. 

Mr.  A.  P.  Goudy,  Lecturer  in  Russian  in  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  and  Mr.  E.  Bullough,  of 
Gonville  and  Caius  College,  are  editing  for  the 
Cambridge  University  Press  a  series  of  Russian 
texts,  each  volume  to  consist  of  about  750  pages, 
with  notes  and  vocabulary.  The  first  three  vol- 
umes of  the  series  will  be  Pushkin's  "  Godunov," 
Tolstoy's  "  Sevastopol,"  and  Dostoevsky's  "  Poor 
People." 

A  second  series  of  studies  of  "  French  Novelists 
of  To-day,"  by  Miss  Winifred  Stephens,  is  soon  to 
appear.  An  introduction  will  deal  with  the  French 
novel  on  the  eve  of  the  war,  and  the  change  that  has 
come  over  the  life  and  literature  of  France  during 
the  last  twenty  years.  Separate  chapters  are  de- 
voted to  Marcelle  Tinayre,  Romain  Rolland,  Jean 
Tharaud,  Jerome  Tharaud,  Rene  Boylesve,  Pierre 
Mille,  and  Jean  Aicard.  As  in  the  earlier  series,  the 
bibliographies  at  the  beginning  of  the  studies  are 
not  restricted  to  works  of  fiction. 

An  edition  of  Henry  Vaughan's  poems,  to  be 
published  shortly  by  the  Oxford  University  Press, 
will  contain  as  an  appendix  eleven  of  Vaughan's 
letters  which  have  been  recently  discovered.  They 
were  written  to  John  Aubrey  and  Anthony  Wood, 
and  they  add  something  to  our  knowledge  of  a  poet 
about  whose  biography  less  has  hitherto  been  known 
than  about  any  of  the  other  Caroline  or  Jacobean 
poets  of  his  rank.  Mr.  L.  C.  Martin,  who  edits  the 
volume,  has  also  made  the  first  authentic  collation 
of  the  text  of  the  poems. 

Edward  Cook,  a  prominent  member  of  the  old- 
time  publishing  fraternity  of  Chicago,  died  on  the 
20th  inst.,  at  his  home  in  Oak  Park,  Illinois.  Mr. 
Cook  came  to  Chicago  in  1860.  He  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  publishing  house  of  Ivison, 
Blakeman  &  Taylor,  which  later  became  part  of 
the  American  Book  Company.  For  several  years 
he  was  a  partner  in  the  publishing  firm  of  Jansen, 
McClurg  &  Co.,  later  A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co.  He 
was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  order, 


432 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  27 


and  wrote  much  of  the  Masonic  law  for  Masons  of 
Illinois.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Scoville  Institute  of 
Oak  Park,  and  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution. 

A  recent  announcement  of  the  Doves  Press  con- 
tains the  following :  "  The  Great  War  has  not  been 
'  forgotten '  or  '  forgiven,'  nor  is  it  even  finished. 
But  the  first  shock,  which  seemed  to  obliterate  both 
Past  and  Future  and  to  engulf  all  in  one  foul  tri- 
umph of  hate,  is  over,  and  both  Past  and  Future 
re-emerge  and  re-assume  their  reign  despite  the 
'  inscrutable  horror '  of  to-day.  With  this  larger 
outlook  Mr.  Cobden-Sanderson  returns  to  his  first 
intention  before  the  war,  and  will  in  the  immediate 
future  print  and  publish  the  '  Lieder,  Gedichte,  and 
Balladen'  of  Germany's  supreme  poet,  Goethe,  in 
honour  of  Germany's  better  past  and  in  hope  of 
Germany's  still  greater  future  when  she  shall  have 
sloughed  off  the  hate  which,  to-day,  bedarkens  both 
her  and  our  Welt-Ansicht  and  World- Vision." 

A  minor  effect  of  the  war  has  been  the  marked 
awakening  of  interest  in  Russian  literature  evi- 
denced by  English  readers.  As  one  result  of  this, 
an  attempt  is  being  made  by  Messrs.  Hodder  & 
Stoughton,  in  a  series  of  "  Great  Russian  Fiction," 
to  cover  the  whole  range  of  Russian  imaginative 
literature  in  a  library  of  uniform  volumes  at  a 
popular  price.  The  following  works  will  be  ready 
immediately :  "  The  Captain's  Daughter  and  Other 
Tales,"  by 'Pushkin;  "  On  the  Eve,"  by  Turgenev; 
"  The  Heart  of  a  Russian,"  by  Lemontov ;  "  Little 
Angel,"  by  Andreiev ;  "  In  Honour's  Name,"  by 
Kuprin ;  and  two  of  Gorky's  works  — "  Com- 
rades "  and  "  Chelkash."  It  is  hoped  to  include 
among  the  later  volumes  some  novels  and  stories 
by  Chekhov,  Dostoevsky,  Gogol,  Gontcharov, 
Korolenko,  and  others. 

One  year  of  the  Index  Office,  a  corporation  not 
for  pecuniary  profit,  organized  early  in  1914  "  as  a 
reference  bureau  and  intermediary  between  libra- 
ries and  the  public,  to  perform,  for  a  moderate 
charge,  such  services  as  libraries  are  not  prepared 
to  perform,  namely,  to  index,  compile,  abstract,  and 
translate  such  literary  material  as  investigators 
need  to  have  prepared  for  their  use,"  seems  to  have 
demonstrated  the  usefulness  of  that  institution, 
which  at  the  outset  was  favorably  noticed  in  these 
columns.  In  the  initial  number  of  its  "  Reference 
Bulletin,"  lately  issued,  it  gives  some  details  of  its 
first  year's  activities.  Medical  students  and  physi- 
cians have  apparently  been  its  chief  patrons,  and 
they  have  called  for  a  number  of  bibliographies  and 
abstracts  on  subjects  interesting  to  them.  It  an- 
nounces its  intention  to  publish  "  Dementia  Precox 
Studies  "  and  occasional  bibliographies  on  the  sub- 
ject by  Dr.  Bayard  Holmes.  Bibliographical  in- 
dexes and  references  fill  six  of  the  Bulletin's  eight 
pages. 

In  a  recent  issue  of  THE  DIAL  we  noted  the  fact 
that  the  quarterly  of  Oriental  study,  "  Le  Museon," 
long  published  by  the  University  of  Louvain,  would 
be  carried  on  by  the  Cambridge  University  Press 
of  England.  The  American  agency  for  the  publica- 
tion, as  we  now  learn,  has  just  been  undertaken  by 
the  University  of  Chicago  Press.  Over  two  hun- 
dred pages  of  material  for  the  third  and  fourth 


numbers  of  "  Le  Museon  "  for  1914  are  supposed 
to  have  been  lost  in  the  fire  which  destroyed  the 
offices  of  the  Belgian  publisher  in  the  early  days  of 
August;  and  one  of  the  collaborators  on  the  last 
number  of  the  journal  was  taken  prisoner  in  the 
war  and  died  in  a  hospital.  All  supporters  of 
Oriental  studies  will  be  glad  to  know  that  the  first 
issue  of  this  journal  for  1915  will  soon  be  published, 
with  contributions  from  many  well-known  conti- 
nental and  English  scholars;  and  interest  in  a 
review  published  under  such  unusual  circumstances 
is  confidently  expected  to  be  shown  by  American 
scholars  especially  interested  in  these  fields  of 
research. 

One  of  the  most  striking  and  unaccountable 
instances  of  popular  neglect  of  a  brilliant  writer  is 
to  be  found  in  the  case  of  Walter  Bagehot.  In  the 
face  of  this  neglect  it  is  a  bold,  though  a  most  com- 
mendable, enterprise  to  project  a  complete  edition 
of  Bagehot's  writings.  Such  an  edition,  in  ten 
volumes,  edited  by  Bagehot's  sister-in-law,  Mrs. 
Russell  Barrington,  will  be  published  next  month 
by  Messrs.  Longmans.  Much  important  matter  is 
now  reprinted  for  the  first  time,  including  the  first 
two  articles  by  Bagehot  which  appeared  in  "  The 
Prospective  Review  "  in  1848,  various  pamphlets 
on  political  economy,  a  series  of  essays  written  in 
early  youth,  and  a  volume  of  selected  papers  from 
"  The  Economist,"  "  The  Saturday  Review,"  and 
"  The  Spectator."  The  first  volume  of  the  new 
edition  will  include  the  memoir  by  Bagehot's  life- 
long friend,  Richard  Holt  Hutton,  originally  pub- 
lished in  "  The  Fortnightly  Review "  and  later 
reprinted  as  a  preface  to  Volume  I.  of  Bagehot's 
"  Literary  Studies,"  together  with  the  second 
memoir  by  the  same  writer,  contributed  to  the 
"  Dictionary  of  National  Biography."  Mrs.  Russell 
Barrington's  memoir,  which  appeared  a  year  ago, 
completes  the  series  as  Volume  X. 


LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 


[The  following  list,  containing  113  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.} 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  REMINISCENCES. 

Spencer  Fullerton  Bnird :  A  Biography.  By  William 
Healy  Dall,  D.Sc.  Illustrated  in  photogravure, 
etc.,  large  8vo,  462  pages.  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co. 
$3.50  net. 

Rabindranath  Tasrore:  The  Man  and  His  Poetry. 
By  Basanta  Koomar  Roy;  with  Introduction  by 
Hamilton  W.  Mabie.  Illustrated,  12mo.  223 
pages.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

John  HUSH:  His  Life,  Teachings,  and  Death.  By 
David  S.  Schaff,  D.D.  With  portrait,  large  8vo, 
349  pages.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons.  $2.50  net. 

Forty  Years  on  the  Stagre:  Others  (Principally)  and 
Myself.  By  J.  H.  Barnes.  Illustrated,  large  8vo, 
320  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $3.50  net. 

My  Life.  By  Sir  Hiram  S.  Maxim.  Illustrated,  large 
8vo,  322  pages.  McBride,  Nast  &  Co.  $4.50  net. 

Alfred  the  Great,  the  Truth  Teller,  Maker  of  En- 
gland, 848-899.  By  Beatrice  Adelaide  Lees.  Illus- 
trated, large  8vo,  493  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons.  $2.50  net. 

Pnracelsun:  The  Life  of  Philippus  Theophrastus 
Bombast  of  Hohenheim.  By  Franz  Hartmann, 
M.D.  Revised  and  enlarged  edition;  8vo,  311 
pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $2.  net. 

HISTORY. 

Napoleon  and  "Waterloo:  The  Emperor's  Campaign 
with  the  Armee  du  Nord,  1815.  By  A.  F.  Becke, 
R.F.A.  In  2  volumes,  with  photogravure  por- 
traits, 8vo.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $8.  net. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


433 


The  Diplomacy  of  the  "War  of  1812.  By  Frank  A. 
Updyke,  Ph.D.  8vo,  494  pages.  Baltimore:  Johns 
Hopkins  Press.  $2.50  net. 

The  Interpretation  of  History.  By  L.  Cecil  Jane. 
12mo,  348  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $1.75  net. 

Captives  among:  the  Indians:  First-hand  Narra- 
tives of  Colonial  Times.  Edited  by  Horace  Kep- 
hart.  "Outing  Adventure  Library."  12mo,  240 
pages.  Outing  Publishing  Co.  $1.  net. 

GENERAL  LITERATURE. 
Mary  Russell  Mitford:     Correspondence  with  Charles 

Boner    and    John    Ruskin.      Edited    by    Elizabeth 

Lee.     Illustrated,  8vo,  324  pages.     Rand,  McNally 

&  Co.     $2.75  net. 
Vanishing:   Roads,  and   Other  Essays.     By   Richard 

Le  Gallienne.     12mo,  377  pages.     G.  P.  Putnam's 

Sons.     $1.50  net. 
The  Ballade.     By  Helen   Louise  Cohen,   Ph.D.     8vo, 

397  pages.     Columbia  University  Press. 

DRAMA  AND   VERSE. 

Poems.  By  Brian  Hooker.  12mo,  146  pages.  Yale 
University  Press.  $1.  net. 

The  Lie:  A  Play  in  Four  Acts.  By  Henry  Arthur 
Jones.  "Margaret  Illington  Edition."  Illustrated, 
12mo,  110  pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co.  $1.  net. 

Patrie!  An  Historical  Drama.  By  Victorien  Sar- 
dou;  translated,  with  Introduction,  by  Barrett 
Clark.  "  Drama  League  Series  of  Plays."  With 
portrait,  12mo,  203  pages.  Doubleday,  Page  & 
Co.  75  cts.  net. 

The  Alcestis  of  Euripides.  Translated  into  English 
rhyming  verse,  with  explanatory  notes,  by  Gil- 
bert Murray,  LL.D.  12mo,  82  pages.  Oxford 
University  Press.  75  cts.  net. 

The  Smile  of  Mona  Lisa:  A  Play  in  One  Act.  By 
Jacinto  Benavente.  12mo,  34  pages.  Richard  G. 
Badger.  75  cts.  net. 

Pro  Patria:  A  Book  of  Patriotic  Verse.  Compiled 
by  Wilfrid  J.  Halliday,  M.A.  12mo,  220  pages. 
E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $1.  net. 

K'Ung  Fu  Tze:  A  Dramatic  Poem.  By  Paul  Carus. 
12mo,  72  pages.  Open  Court  Publishing  Co. 
50  cts.  net. 

The  King  of  the  Jews:  A  Sacred  Drama.  From  the 
Russian  of  "  K.  P.,"  The  Grand  Duke  Constan- 
tine,  by  Victor  E.  Marsden,  M.A.  12mo,  161  pages. 
Funk  &  Wagnalls  Co.  $1.  net. 

"We  Are  Seven":  A  Three-act  Farce.  By  Eleanor 
Gates.  12mo,  166  pages.  New  York:  The  Arrow 
Publishing  Co.  75  cts.  net. 

In  the  Midst  of  the  Years.  By  John  Wesley  Conley. 
12mo,  131  pages.  Boston:  The  Gorham  Press. 
$1.  net. 

The  Scales  of  Justice,  and  Other  Poems.  By  Tod 
Robbins.  12mo,  46  pages.  J.  S.  Ogilvie  Pub- 
lishing Co.  50  cts.  net. 

Tides  of  Commerce:  School  and  College  Verse.  By 
William  Gary  Sanger,  Jr.  12mo,  108  pages.  New 
York:  The  Country  Life  Press. 

FICTION. 

The    Story    of    Jacob    Stahl.     By    J.    D.    Beresford. 

Comprising:    The  Early  History  of  Jacob  Stahl; 

A    Candidate    for    Truth;     The    Invisible    Event. 

Each    12mo.      George    H.    Doran    Co.      Per    set, 

$2.50  net. 
The  Kiss  of  Apollo.     By  Martha  Gilbert  Dickinson 

Bianchi.       12mo,     408     pages.       Duffield     &     Co. 

$1.35  net. 
The    Double    Traitor.     By    E.    Phillips    Oppenheim. 

With     frontispiece,     12mo,     308     pages.       Little, 

Brown  &  Co.     $1.35  net. 
The  Rat-pit.     By  Patrick  MacGill.    12mo,  320  pages. 

George  H.  Doran  Co.     $1.25  net. 
The  Man  "Who  Rocked  the  Earth.     By  Arthur  Train 

and   Robert  Williams  Wood.     With  frontispiece 

in  color,  12mo,  228  pages.    Doubleday,  Page  &  Co. 

$1.25  net. 
The  Scarlet  Plague.     By  Jack  London.     Illustrated, 

12mo,  181  pages.     Macmillan  Co.     $1.  net. 
Jean  Baptiste:     A  Story  of  French  Canada.    By  J.  E. 

Le  Rossignol.     With  frontispiece  in  color,  12mo, 

269  pages.    E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.     $1.50  net. 
Merry  Andrew.     By  Keble  Howard.     12mo,  341  pages. 

John  Lane  Co.     $1.35  net. 
Wolflnet      A   Romance    in   Which   a    Dog   Plays   an 

Honorable  Part.     By  X.     12mo,  345  pages.     Stur- 

gis  &  Walton  Co.     $1.25  net. 
A  Green  Englishman,  and  Other  Stories  of  Canada. 

By    S.    Macnaughtan.      12mo,    307    pages.      E.    P. 

Dutton  &  Co.     $1.35  net. 
Victoria.     By  Martha  Grace  Pope.     12mo,  243  pages. 

Sherman,  French  &  Co.   .$1.35  net. 
The  Primrose  Ring:.     By  Ruth  Sawyer.     Illustrated, 

12mo,  187  pages.    Harper  &  Brothers.    $1.  net. 


The     Secret    Service    Submarine;      A    Story    of    the 

Present  War.     By  Guy  Thome.     12mo,  190  pages. 

Sully  &  Kleinteich.     $1.  net. 
At  the  Sign  of  the  Sword:   A  Story  of  Love  and  War 

in   Belgium.     By   William   Le   Queux.     12mo.   187 

pages.     Sully  &  Kleinteich.    $1.  net. 

TRAVEL  AND  DESCRIPTION. 

Through  Central  Africa  from  Coast  to  Coast.  By 
James  Barnes;  illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  with 
photographs  by  Cherry  Kearton.  Large  8vo,  283 
pages.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.  $4.  net. 

The  Tourist's  Maritime  Provinces.  By  Ruth  Kedzie 
Wood.  Illustrated,  12mo,  440  pages.  Dodd 
Mead  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Alone  in  the  Sleeping-sickness  Country.  By  Felix 
Oswald.  Illustrated,  8vo,  219  pages.  E.  P.  Dut- 
ton &  Co.  $3.  net. 

PUBLIC    AFFAIRS SOCIOLOGY    AND    ECO- 
NOMICS. 

Some  Aspects  of  the  Tariff  Question.  By  Frank 
William  Taussig,  Litt.D.  8vo,  374  pages.  Har- 
vard University  Press.  $2.  net. 

America  to  Japan:  A  Symposium  of  Papers.  Ed- 
ited by  Lindsay  Russell.  With  portrait,  12mo, 
318  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.25  net. 

The  Trust  Problem.  By  Edward  Dana  Durand, 
Ph.D.  8vo,  145  pages.  Harvard  University  Press. 
$1.25  net. 

Government  of  the  Canal  Zone.  By  George  W. 
Goethals,  U.S.A.  Illustrated,  12mo,  107  pages. 
Princeton  University  Press.  $1.  net. 

A  Message  to  the  Middle  Class  Mind.  By  Seymour 
Deming.  16mo,  110  pages.  Small,  Maynard  & 
Co.  50  cts.  net. 

The  Negro.  By  W.  E.  Burghardt  Du  Bois,  Ph.D. 
"  Home  University  Library."  16mo,  254  pages. 
Henry  Holt  &  Co.  50  cts.  net. 

THE  GREAT  WAR  —  ITS  HISTORY,  PROBLEMS, 
AND  CONSEQUENCES. 

The  Human  German.  By  Edward  Edgeworth.  8vo, 
290  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $3.  net. 

America  Fallen!  The  Sequel  to  the  European  War. 
By  J.  Bernard  Walker.  12mo,  203  pages.  Dodd, 
Mead  &  Co.  75  cts.  net. 

A  Text-book  of  the  War  for  Americans.  Written 
and  compiled  by  J.  William  White,  Ph.D.  12mo, 
551  pages.  John  C.  Winston  Co.  $1.  net. 

The  Anglo-German  Problem.  By  Charles  Sarolea. 
"American  edition."  12mo,  288  pages.  G.  P. 
Putnam's  Sons.  $1.  net. 

The  Fight  for  Peace:  An  Aggressive  Campaign  for 
American  Churches.  By  Sidney  L.  Gulick,  D.D. 
12mo,  190  pages.  Fleming  H.  Revell  Co. 
50  cts.  net. 

The  Violation  by  Germany  of  the  Neutrality  of  Bel- 
gium and  Luxemburg.  By  Andre  Weiss;  trans- 
lated from  the  French  by  Walter  Thomas.  12mo, 
36  pages.  Paris:  Armand  Colin.  Paper. 

ART  AND  ARCHITECTURE. 

Sketches  of  Great  Painters.  By  Edwin  Watts 
Chubb.  Illustrated,  8vo,  263  pages.  Stewart  & 
Kidd  Co.  $2.  net. 

Hermaia:  A  Study  in  Comparative  Esthetics.  By 
Colin  McAlpin.  8vo,  429  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  & 
Co.  $3.50  net. 

The  House  That  Junk  Built.  By  John  A.  McMahon. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  188  pages.  Duffleld  &  Co. 
$1.25  net. 

Roma:  Ancient,  Subterranean,  and  Modern  Rome. 
By  Albert  Kuhn;  with  Preface  by  Cardinal  Gib- 
bons. Part  IX.  Illustrated,  4to.  Benziger  Broth- 
ers. Paper,  35  cts.  net. 

NATURE  AND  OUT-DOOR  LIFE. 

The  Propagation  of  Wild  Birds:  A  Manual  of  Ap- 
plied Ornithology.  By  Herbert  K.  Job.  Illus- 
trated, large  8vo,  276  pages.  Doubleday,  Page 
&  Co.  $2.  net. 

Trees  and  Shrubs  Hardy  in  the  British  Isles.  By 
W.  J.  Bean.  In  2  volumes,  illustrated,  8vo.  E.  P. 
Dutton  &  Co.  $15.  net. 

The  Call  of  the  Open:  A  Little  Anthology  of  Con- 
temporary and  Other  Verse.  Compiled  by  Leon- 
ard Stowell.  Illustrated  in  color,  16mo,  115 
pages.  Macmillan  Co.  80  cts.  net. 

Modern  Tennis.  By  P.  A.  Vaile.  Illustrated,  8vo, 
301  pages.  Funk  &  Wagnalls  Co.  $2.  net. 

Castaways  and  Crusoes.  Edited  by  Horace  Kep- 
hart.  "Outing  Adventure  Library."  12mo,  294 
pages.  Outing  Publishing1  Co.  $1.  net. 

Our  Mountain  Garden.  By  Mrs.  Theodore  Thomas. 
Second  edition;  illustrated,  12mo.  E.  P.  Dutton 
&  Co.  $1.50  net. 


434 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  27 


The  Gardcnette;  or,  City  Back  Yard  Gardening  by 
the  Sandwich  System.  By  Benjamin  F.  Albaugh. 
Second  edition;  illustrated.  12mo,  138  pages. 
Stewart  &  Kidd  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Outing  Handbooks.  New  volumes:  Practical  Dog 
Breeding,  by  Williams  Haynes;  Pistol  and  Re- 
volver Shooting,  by  A.  L.  A.  Himmelwright. 
Each  16mo.  Outing  Publishing  Co.  Per  volume, 
70  cts.  net. 

BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG. 

In  Defence  of  Paris:  An  American  Boy  in  the 
Trenches.  By  Captain  Allan  Grant.  Illustrated, 
12mo,  256  pages.  George  H.  Doran  Co.  60  cts.  net. 

Miss  Pat  at  School.  By  Pemberton  Ginther.  With 
frontispiece,  12mo,  323  pages.  John  C.  Winston 
Co.  35  cts.  net. 

Canterbury  Chimes;  or,  Chaucer  Tales  Retold  for 
Children.  By  Francis  Storr  and  Hawes  Turner. 
Revised  and  enlarged  edition;  illustrated,  12mo, 
227  pages.  E.  P.  Button  &  Co.  75  cts.  net. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  Limitations  of  Science.  By  Louis  Trenchard 
More,  Ph.D.  12mo,  268  pages.  Henry  Holt  &  Co. 
$1.50  net. 

Advertising:  Its  Principles  and  Practice.  By  Harry 
Tipper,  Harry  L.  Hollingworth,  Ph.D.,  George 
Burton  Hotchkiss,  M.A.,  and  Frank  Alvah  Par- 
sons, B.S.  Illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  large  8vo,  575 
pages.  New  York:  The  Ronald  Press  Co.  $4.  net. 

Rhythmic  Action:  Plays  and  Dances.  By  Irene  E. 
Phillips  Moses,  B.L.  Illustrated,  4to,  164  pages. 
Boston:  Milton  Bradley  Co.  $1.80  net. 

The  Use  of  Money.  By  E.  A.  Kirkpatrick.  "  Child- 
hood and  Youth  Series."  12mo,  226  pages. 
Bobbs-Merrill  Co.  $1.  net. 

What  Should  I  Believe?  An  Inquiry  into  the  Nature, 
Grounds,  and  Value  of  the  Faiths  of  Science, 
Society,  Morals,  and  Religion.  By  George  Trum- 
bull  Ladd,  LL.D.  12mo,  275  pages.  Longmans, 
Green  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Growth  of  American  State  Constitutions,  from  1776 
to  the  End  of  the  Year  1914.  By  James  Quayle 
Dealey,  Ph.D.  12mo,  308  pages.  Ginn  &  Co. 
$1.40  net. 

Startling  Incidents  and  Experiences  in  the  Christian 
Life.  By  E.  E.  Byrum.  With  portrait,  12mo,  414 
pages.  Anderson,  Indiana:  Gospel  Trumpet  Co. 
$1.  net. 

The  Rural  Science  Series.  Edited  by  L.  H.  Bailey. 
New  volumes:  Citrus  Fruits,  by  J.  Eliot  Coit, 
Ph.D.,  $2.  net;  The  Principles  of  Rural  Credits, 
by  James  B.  Morman,  A.M.,  with  Introduction  by 
John  Lee  Coulter,  Ph.D.,  $1.25  net.  Each  12mo. 
Macmillan  Co. 

A  B  C  of  Good  Form.  By  Anne  Seymour;  with  In- 
troduction by  Maud  Howe.  16mo,  111  pages. 
Harper  &  Brothers.  50  cts.  net. 

Everyman's  Library.  Edited  by  Ernest  Rhys.  New 
volumes:  Poems,  by  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  with 
Introduction  by  Charles  M.  Blakewell;  Of  the 
Advancement  of  Learning,  by  Francis  Bacon, 
with  Introduction  by  G.  W.  Kitchin;  Brand,  a 
dramatic  poem,  by  Henrik  Ibsen,  translated  by 
F.  E.  Garnett;  Travels  in  France  and  Italy,  by 
Arthur  Young,  with  Introduction  by  Thomas 
Okey;  Heimskringla,  the  Olaf  Sagas,  by  Snorre 
Sturlason,  translated  by  Samuel  Laing;  British 
Historical  and  Political  Orations,  from  the  12th 
to  the  20th  century,  compiled  by  Ernest  Rhys; 
The  Subaltern,  by  G.  R.  Gleig;  Windsor  Castle, 
by  William  Harrison  Ainsworth;  The  Story  of  a 
Peasant,  by  Erckmann-Chatrian,  translated  by 
C.  J.  Hogarth,  2  vols. ;  Tales  of  Ancient  Greece, 
by  George  W.  Cox;  Rights  of  Man,  by  Thomas 
Paine,  with  Introduction  by  G.  J.  Holyoake;  The 
Wars  of  the  Jews,  by  Flavius  Josephus,  trans- 
lated by  William  Whiston;  Tom  Cringle's  Log, 
by  Michael  Scott;  History  of  the  French  Revolu- 
tion, from  1789  to  1814,  by  F.  A.  M.  Mignet,  with 
Introduction  by  L.  Cecil  Jane;  De  Bello  Gallico, 
and  other  commentaries  of  Caius  Julius  Csesar, 
translated  by  W.  A.  McDeVitte;  Essays,  by 
Thomas  Carlyle,  with  Introduction  by  J.  Russell 
Lowell,  2  vols.;  The  Life  of  Robert  Browning,  by 
Edward  Dowden;  Short  Studies  on  Great  Sub- 
jects, by  James  Anthony  Froude,  Vol.  II.;  Poor 
Folk  and  The  Gambler,  by  Fedor  Dostoieffsky, 
translated  by  C.  J.  Hogarth;  Dictionary  Cata- 
logue of  the  First  505  Volumes,  arranged  and 
annotated  by  Isabella  M.  Cooper  and  Margaret 
A.  McVety;  each  16mo.  E.-  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  Per 
volume,  35  cts.  net. 


Yearbooks  of  the  United  States  Brewers'  Associa- 
tion, for  the  years  1909,  1910,  1911,  1913,  and 
1914.  Each  8vo.  New  York:  The  United  States 
Brewers'  Association. 

Confessions  of  a  Clergyman.  12mo,  352  pages. 
McBride,  Nast  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

A  B  C  of  Housekeeping.  By  Christine  Terhune 
Herrick.  12mo,  122  pages.  Harper  &  Brothers. 
50  cts.  net. 

The  Nutrition  of  a  Household.  By  Edwin  Tenney 
Brewster,  A.M.,  and  Lilian  Brewster,  R.N.  16mo, 
208  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.  net. 

Great  Men  and  How  They  Are  Produced.  By 
Casper  L.  Redfleld.  12mo,  32  pages.  Chicago: 
Published  by  the  author.  Paper. 

Electricity  for  the  Farm.  By  Frederick  Irving 
Anderson.  Illustrated,  12mo,  265  pages.  Ma'c- 
millan  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Theory  of  Permutable  Functions.  By  Vito 
Volterra.  12mo,  66  pages.  Princeton  University 
Press. 

Robert's  Rules  of  Order:  Revised  for  Deliberative 
Assemblies.  By  Henry  M.  Robert.  18mo,  323 
pages.  Scott,  Foresman  &  Co.  $1.  net. 


RARE  books  and  first  editions  collected 
and  arranged  for  people  who  are  too 
busy  to  attend  to  the  forming  of  libraries. 

Address  £.  V.,  Boston  Transcript 
BOSTON.  MASS. 

Your  Manuscript 

to  receive  consideration  of  editors  or  dramatic 
producers  must  be  professionally  typed. 
Our  references,  the  best  known  American 
writers  —  names  on  request. 
Special  Attention  to 

Out-of-town  Authors 

Your  Short  Stories,  Novels,  Magazine  Articles,  etc.,  typed 
with  one  carbon  copy  and  bound,  soc.  per  1000  words.    Plays, 
Sketches,  Scenarios,  with  carbon,  bound,  ice.  per  typewritten 
page.    Send  by  registered  mail  or  express  with  money  order. 

Send  for  "Marketable  MSS" 

A  booklet  of  information  you  need,  mailed  for  4  cents  in  stamps 

AUTHORS'  SERVICE  BUREAU 

33  West  42nd  Street                                               NEW  YORK 

CHANGES  of  ADDRESS 

CUBSCRIBERS  to  THE  DIAL 
^    who    contemplate   changing 
their  addresses,  either  temporarily 
or  permanently,  should  notify  us 
promptly,  giving  both  the  old  and 
new  addresses,  so  as  to  insure  their 
copies    of    THE    DIAL    reaching 
them  without  interruption. 

We   cannot  undertake  to  supply 
missing  copies,  lost  in  forwarding, 
unless  we  receive  early  notification 
of  intended  changes. 

THE  DIAL,  632  S.  Sherman  St.,  CHICAGO 

1915] 


THE   DIAL 


435 


UNDINE:  A  Poem 

BOOKS,  AUTOGRAPHS.  PRINTS.         Catalogues  Free. 
R.  ATKINSON,  97  Sunderland  Road,  Forest  Hill,  LONDON,  ENG. 

By  Antoinette  de  Coursey  Patterson 

Thin  Svo,  beautifully  made,  boards,  $1.25 

BOOKS    A"  Oat.  of-  Print  Books  Supplied. 

"The  adaptation  is  done  in  a  scholarly, 
impressive  and  spirited  way,  and  should  be 
acclaimed  by  lovers  of  good  poetry." 

^^•^^"^                 nomatteron  what  subject.  Write  us.  We  can  get 
you  any  book  ever  published.     Please  state  wants.     Catalogue  free. 

Baker's  Great  Book  Shop,  14-16  Bright  St..  Birmingham,  En£. 

H.  W.  FISHER  &  CO.,  1629  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia 

SECOND-HAND  BOOKS.   General  Literature,    ist 

GORFIN,  82A,  CHARING  CROSS  ROAD,  LONDON.  W.  C. 

/«^ 

4 

V            The  MOSHER 
'srt^          BOOKS 

*"R    _/    /fn\_    \A        ^s  sifts  for  special  occasions  — 
N     VK     r    ^^        Christmas,  New  Year's,  Birth- 
J»Jx     (/                   days,   Weddings,  —  "infinite 
jyi^     y^\                riches  in  a  little  room"—  these 
'Vv.     V»  /'S^f     7      ^     choice  limited  editions  at  mod- 
^^Lsi^i||K^ia=P^r       erate  prices,  printed  from  type 
^^""^  If  "2^        on    hand  -made    papers,  are 

The  Advertising  Representative  of  THE  DIAL 
in  England  is 

MR.  DAVID  H.  BOND 

407,  Bank  Chambers.  Chancery  Lane,  London,  W.  C. 

who  can  furnish  full  information  regarding  rates,  etc., 
and  through  whom  advertising  orders  may  be  sent. 

^"^•*<*^                   on  request. 

T 

THOMAS  BIRD  MOSHER 

Portland,  Maine 

AMERICANA 

Recent  Catalogues*     No   8^    Thp  Far  Wp«it  ^tat-p** 

No.  84,  The  Southern  States;    No.  85,  Abraham 

Short  -Story  Writing 

^flggj^              y\     Course  of  forty  lemon*  in  thr  hisrnry,  tnrm, 

Lincoln;    No.   86,  The  Middle  States;    No.   87, 
American  Indians.     Sent  free  on  application. 

Daniel    H.   Newhall.   152  Nassau  St..   New  York 

^T~~  ^%         ^-^  structure,  and  writing  of   the  Short-Story, 

cl  55»»?M        EJir       f  F°     '^     ii"'    M                     f  n>    °' 

\    .Ajf&fl          One  student,  before  completing  the  lesions,  received 
\  ^*^w          ot'"'  $1000  for  manuscript!  sold  to  Woman'  t  Home 
^J^OK           Companion,    Pictorial  Review,  McCalTt,  and 

..           ,      OF  CELEBRITIES  BOUGHT  AND  SOLD 

AUtOgrapn                                   Send  for  price  lists 
Letters         w»lter   R-   Benjamin,    225   Fifth   Avenue,   New  York 

,.,      ....          EttahlisheJ    1XX7.      Puh.  The  r.nllrttnr^    <1     a   VMr 

^     a    _B       of  A«r  leading  magazines. 

(• 

^^ffff            Also  courses  in  Photoplay  Writing.  Versification 

^^Br           and  Poetics,  Journalism.  In  all,  over  One  Hundred 
n     u            .        Courses,    under    professors   in   Harvard,   Brown, 
1     Cornell,  and  other  leading  colleges. 

230-  Page  Catalog  Free.    Please  Address 

THE  HOME  CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL 
Dept.  571,  Springfield.  Mass. 

TO  AUTOGRAPH  COLLECTORS 

AN  ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE  OF 

Rare  and  Valuable  Mss. 

By 

liOOJvS    KINDS 

We  are  the  leading  wholesale  dealers 
in  the  books  of  all  publishers.    Our 
immense  stock  and  our  location  in 
the  publishing  center  of  the  country 
enable  us  to  fill  orders  —  large  and 
small  —  for  books  of  all  kinds,  with 
the  greatest  dispatch. 

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO. 

354  Fourth  Ave.               NEW  YORK  CITY 

ROBERT  BURNS 
Hawthorne,  Washington  Irving,  Mark  Twain 
Thackeray  and  Swinburne 

Original  'Drawings  by  Famous  "Book  Illustrators,  including  CECIL 
AL-DIN,  A.  J.  GJSKIN,  PHIL  MAY,  AlifHUR  RACKHAM, 
HEATH  ROBINSON,  HEYWOOT)  SUMNER,ttc. 

BOOKS  AND  MSS. 

At  Greatly  Reduced  Prices    FROM  THE  LIBRARIES  of 
ALFRED  AUSTIN,  late  Poet  Laureate, 
ELIZABETH  BARRETT  AND  ROBERT 
BROWNING 

Including  long  important  unpublished 
poems  by  Mrs.  Browning 

WILLBE  SENT  POST  FREE  on  APPLICATION  FROM 

HENRY  SOTHERAN  &  CO. 

43  PICCADILLY 
LONDON.  W.                                              ENGLAND 

Hinds  and  Noble.  31-38-35  West  15th  St.,  N.  Y.  City.    Write  for  Catalogue. 


436 


THE    DIAL 


[  May  27 


MRS.  RACHEL  WEST  CLEMENT 

Experienced  Authors'  Agent,   Reader  and   Critic,  Specializing  in 
Short  Stories.     Reading  tee,  $1.00  for  5,000  words  or  under,  includes 
short  criticism.                                                          Circulars  on  request. 
6646  Germantown  Ave.,   Philadelphia.  Pa. 

FVf       HOI    T   V  Authors'  and  Publishers' 
•    "*•    I1VJ.L..L.  I               Representative 

156  Fifth  Avenue.  New  York     (Established  190S) 
RATES  AND  FULL    INFORMATION  WILL  BE  SENT  ON  REQUEST 
i-                                                                                                              '1 

h                                                                                                   <1 

THE  NEW  YORK  BUREAU  OF  REVISION 

Thirty-fifth  Year.     LETTERS  OF  CRITICISM,  EXPERT 
REVISION  OF  MSS.     Advice  as  to  publication.     Address 
DR.  TITUS  M.  COAN.  424  W.  119th  St..  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Index  Office,  Inc.,  110  N.  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago 

for  indexing,  compiling  and  abstracting 
literary  and  statistical  material  for  scientific 
and  literary  workers. 

Send  five  cents  in  stamps  for  Reference  Bulletin. 

17  A  f^TC     CT  A  T<¥CT<¥/^IC  ar>d  other  material 
*  Ada,  MAI  1!>  1  Ida  for  addresses,  re- 
ports, essays.    Literary  advice  and  criticism.   Revision  and 
correction  of  MSS.    Genealogical  research. 

BUREAU  OF  RESEARCH          New  Albany.  Ind. 

WRITERS  —  ATTENTION! 

SHORT  STORIES,  POEMS,  PHOTO  PLAYS,  Etc., 
are  wanted  for  publication. 

Submit  Mss.  for  free  examination. 
National  Literary  Bureau.  D3,  Hannibal.  Mo. 

• 

MANUSCRIPTS 

CRITICISED           REVISED           PLACED 
N.  SHEPPARD 
149  West  14th  Street                       NEW  YORK  CITY 

If  you  want  results  send  stamp  for  circular 

ROBERT  LOUIS  STEVENSON 

Books  from  His  Library,  FIRST  EDITIONS  of 
His  Works,   MANUSCRIPTS,   Autographs, 
Relics,  and  other  STEVENSONIANA. 
CATALOGUE  in  Preparation—  Sent  on  Request. 

C.  GERHARD!  &  CO..  120  East  59th  St..  New  York 

American  Short  Stories  and  Plays  wanted  for  Italy. 
Russia.  France,  Austria  and  Scandinavia 

Expert    Criticism,  Translation   and    the  Placing   of   Manuscripts. 
Oldest  Established  Literary  Agency  in  Europe 

(Founded  in  1880  by  Paul  Hertzmann,  M.  A.,  Ph.  D.) 
Fees  (which  must  accompany  typed  manuscript  in  registered  letter) 
as  follows:    Two  dollars  for  Short  Story  under  3,000  words.     Five 
dollars  for  Story  under  10,000  words.     Ten  dollars  for  plays. 

THE  ITALIAN  LITERARY  AGENCY 
60  Piazza  di  Spagna.  Rome.  Italy 

"Experienced,  efficient."                                       Gabriele  D'Annunzio 

ONE  OF  OUR  BOOK  BARGAINS 

PAUSANIAS'S 
DESCRIPTION  OF  GREECE 

Published  Price,  $35.00.  Our  Price,  $18.50 
THE  H.  R.  HUNTTING  CO.,  Springfield.  Mass 

1 

MSS.  SUCCESSFULLY  PLACED 

Criticised            Revised            Typed 

Send  for  Leaflet  D 
References:  Edwin  Markham  and  others.    Established  1890 
UNITED  LITERARY  PRESS 
123  Fifth  Avenue                               NEW  YORK  CITY 

THE  FINANCIAL  SUCCESS 

of  many  books  depends  wholly  upon 
whether  or  not  they  are  bought  by 
Libraries.  For  reaching  and  impres- 
sing the  Librarian  there  is  no  better 
medium  than  THE  DIAL. 

FRANK  HENRY  RICE,  Authors'  Agent 
MARY  ASQUITH,  Play  Broker 

Personal  service  by  specialists  who  have  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  magazine,  book,  dramatic  and  motion  picture 
markets.   Particulars  upon  request. 

145  West  Forty-Fifth  Street                    NEW  YORK 

* 

"I  am  sure  that  if  his  book  were  in  the  hands 
of  every  intelligent  man,  woman  and  child, 
the  cost  of  living  would  decrease."  —  LEON  A. 
CONGDON,  Foods  and  Drugs  Division,  Kansas 
State  Board  of  Health. 

"THE  SOURCE,  CHEMISTRY 
AND  USE  OF  FOOD  PRODUCTS" 

By  E.  H.  S.  Bailey,  Ph.D. 

75  Illustrations      Cloth.    $r.6o  Postpaid. 
PUBLISHED  BY 

P.  BLAKISTON'S  SON  £  CO.,  Philadelphia 

« 

Now  in  Its  Second  Year 

The  Miscellany 

seems  to  have  developed  a  place  for  itself  in  "the 
order  of  things."    Devoted  to  the  better  books 
and  more  unusual  phases  of  bibliography,  it  also 
has  other  interesting  features,  among  them  a  re- 
cently established  department  acting  as  official 
journal  for  The  American  Bookplate  Society. 

THE  MISCELLANY 

17  Board  of  Trade         Kansas  City,  Missouri 

1915 


THE   DIAL 


437 


BOOKBINDING 

and  its  Auxiliary  Branches 

JOHN  J.  PLEGER,  the  author,  has 
written  the  first  and  only  complete  text- 
book in  this  country  that  covers  the  subject 
in  all  its  phases.  This  work  will  prove  of 
great  interest  and  value  to  every  one  con- 
nected directly  or  indirectly  with  bookbind- 
ing and  library  work. 

"Practical,  comprehensive,  full  in  detail  and  in 
definition,  usefully  illustrated,  the  only  good  book 
from  the  trade  standpoint. " — A  L  A  Booklist. 

Librarians  and  others  intrusted  with  the  '  'care" 
of  books  will  find  Mr.  Pleger's  books  well  worth 
attention. 

Illustrated,  Boards,  6x82A  inches. 

Paper  Ruling,  part  one,  $1.25;  Pamphlet  Bind- 
ing, Punching,  Crimping  and  Quarter-Binding, 
part  two,  $1.50;  Blank,  Edition  and  Job  Forward- 
ing, Finishing  and  Stamping,  part  three,  $2.00; 
Gilt  Edging,  Marbling  and  Hand  Tooling,  part 
four,  $1.25. 

FOUR  VOLUMES  COMPLETE,  $5.00. 

The  Inland  Printer  Co. 

632  Sherman  St.,  CHICAGO 
1729  Tribune  Bldg.,  New  York 


You  Could  Not  Read 
10,000  Books  a  Year 

You  would  not  want  to  if  you  could,  but  you 
would  probably  like  to  know  which  of  them  were 
worth  reading. 

That  was  approximately  the  number  of  books 
published  last  year. 

We  read  them  all   and  sorted  out  the  best. 

We  will  do  the  same  this  year  —  that  is  the 
chief  business  of 

The  Book  News  Monthly 

and  besides  being  your  literary  critic,  we  intro- 
duce to  you,  in  an  intimate  manner,  the  authors 
of  to-day. 

We  tell  you  of  fascinating,  out-of-the-way 
places — the  sort  that  charm  the  traveler. 
We  give  serials  of  the  best  type  of  fiction — 
Twelve  authors'  portraits,  size  7  in.xlO  in. — 
Twelve  colored  frontispiece  pictures  worth 
framing. 

A  literary  guide,  and  a  magazine  of  entertain- 
ment and  instruction  for  $1.00  a  year,  10  cents 
a  copy. 

Sample  copy  on  request. 

THE  BOOK  NEWS  MONTHLY 

PHILADELPHIA.  PA. 


BOOK  MARKS 

A  new  series  compiled  by 
the  St.  Louis  Public  Library 


Published  by  the 


Library  Supplies  Department 
Democrat  Printing  Company 

Madison,  Wisconsin 


ADULTS' 
1— Southern  stories 
2 — Humorous  books 
3— Historical  novels 
4 — Tales  of  mystery 


CHILDRENS' 
GENERAL  LISTS 

A— Chivalry  tales 
B~  Stories  for  tfjrls— 1 

Stories  for  tfirls  —2 
C  —  Stories  for  boys — 1 

Stories  for  boys — 2 

I)     Brownie  book  mark 

(Illustrated) 


6 — Some  good  novels 
7— Tales  of  Adventure 

GRADED  LISTS-lto8 

Lists  for  grades  1  and  2  are  one  book  mark.    Order 

by  grade  number.     Especially  useful   as 

supplementary  reading  lists  in  schools. 

Price:  25  cents  a  hundred 

Not  less  than  25  of  any  number  sold  at  one  time 
and  each  order  must  equal  even  hundreds. 

Sample  sets:   5  cents  each 


TFyou  are  a  lover  of  etchings 

-*-  and  engravings  and  are  not  a 

subscriber  to 

The  Print-Collector's 
Quarterly 

you  are  missing  an  unique  opportunity  for 
keeping  in  touch  with  expert  information 
and  the  latest  developments  in  this  most 
refined  and  fascinating  branch  of  the 
graphic  arts. 

The  only  periodical  in  English 

devoted  exclusively  to  etchings, 

engravings  and  drawings 

Established  1911 


TWO  DOLLARS  A  YEAR 

Illustrated  brochure  upon  request. 
Published  for  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston,  by 

HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  CO. 

4  PARK  STREET, BOSTON 


438 


THE   DIAL 


[  May  27 


The  Hibbert  Journal 

A  Quarterly  Review  of  Religion. 
Theology,  and  Philosophy 


CONTENTS  FOR  APRIL. 

LIFE  AND  MATTER  AT  WAR.  By  Professor  Henri  Berfson. 
THE  TYRANNY  OF  MERE  THINGS. 

By  Professor  L.  P.  Jacks. 

PROBLEMS  OF  CONFLICT.     By  Evelyn  Underbill. 
TWO  STUDIES  OF  GERMAN  "KULTUR." 

By  Professor  Percy  Gardner 
ON  THE  MEANING  OF  THE  WAR. 

By  Count  Hermann  Keyserling. 
GOTHIC  RUIN  AND  RECONSTRUCTION. 

By  Maude  Egerton  King. 
"SHALL  WE  SERVE  GOD  FOR  NOUGHT?" 

Treitschke  and  Hegel.     By  E.  F.  Carritt. 
GERMAN  SOCIALIST  THEORY  AND  WAR. 

By  M.  W.  Robieson. 

CARLYLE'S  GERMANS.     By  J.  M.  Sloan. 
MIND  AND  MATTER:  A  HYLOZOISTIC  VIEW. 

By  Fleet-Surgeon  C.  Marsh  Beadnell,  R.  N. 
THE  METHOD  OF  CHRISTIAN  SCIENCE. 

By  Rev.  Laird  Wingate  Snell. 

TEACHING  WHICH  BECOMES  PRACTICE.  Two  World-wide 
Movements  among  Young  People. 

I.  The  Christian  Endeavor  Movement.  By  Rev.  Francis  E. 
Clark.  D.  1).,  1.1,1).,  President  of  the  World's  Christian 
Endeavor  Union. 

II.  THE  BOY  SCOUTS.     By  Capt.  Cecil  Price. 
DISCUSSIONS. 

Yearly  Subscription  $2.50.  Single  Numbers  75  cents. 

Sample  copy  sent  on  request. 

SHERMAN,  FRENCH  &  COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS 
6  Beacon  Street  Boston,  Mass. 


THE  NEW 

REPUBLIC 

AMERICA'S  NEW  WEEKLY 

THE 
MAGAZINE 

of 

THE 
HOUR 

Literature,  politics,  drama — everything, 
in  fact,  to  interest  the  thoughtful  reader. 

Your  name,  address  and  a  dollar  bill  will 
bring  you  our  56-page  literary  supplement 
and  twelve  issues  of  a  magazine  that  is  fresh, 
invigorating  and  unique. 

Write  to-day. 

THE  NEW  REPUBLIC 

421  West  Twenty-First  Street 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


YOU  WILL  RECEIVE 

The  Yale  Review 

for  the  year  beginning  with  the  July 
issue  and  including  the  current  issue 
free  of  charge,  upon  your  sending  us  this 
notice  with  your  name  and  address  filled 
in  below  and  enclosing  $2.50,  the  price 
of  one  year's  subscription  to  this  new 
American  quarterly. 

Name 


The  Leading  Article  of  the  Current  Issue 

is  an  intimate  and  vivid  study  of  England  in  her  experience 
with  "the  real  thing,"  by  the  distinguished  English  editor, 
L.  P.Jacks.  It  is  followed  by  several  authoritative  discus- 
sions of  the  moral  and  material  results  of  the  war,  including 
a  prophecy  of  the  geographical  and  racial  realignment  of 
Europe.  In  literature,  Emile  Legouis  of  the  Sorbonne 
writes  of  the  French  ideals  in  criticism,  with  especial 
lucidity.  Chauncey  Brewster  Tinker  discusses  the  art  of 
familiar  letter-writing  with  rich  background  of  i8th  century 
literature  and  life.  H.  D.  Sedgwick  pleads  for  the  Old 
Maid,  in  a  vein  as  novel  as  it  is  convincing.  Gamaliel  Brad- 
ford continues  his  "spiritual  biographies"  with  a  charm- 
ingly personal  study  of  the  poet  Ovid  among  the  Goths. 
The  Journeying  Atoms ,  by  John  Burroughs;  The  Rail- 
road Crisis:  A  Way  Out,  by  Ray  Morris;  the  brilliant 
Socratic  dialogue,  Xanthippe  on  Woman  Suffrage,  by 
Duffield  Osborne  and  nearly  fifty  pages  of  notable  poems 
and  signed  book  review*  complete  the  number  you  will 
receive  free  of  charge. 

THE  YALE  REVIEW,  New  Haven,  Conn. 


Librarians  Attention 

Our  fortunate  purchase 

of  the  entire  stock  of 

remainders  of  the 

MACMILLAN 

AND  OXFORD 

UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

PUBLICATIONS 

Enables  Us  to  Offer  These 
Great  Books  at  %  Price 

BARGAIN  LISTS  NOW  READY 

Correspondence  Invited 

Williams  Book  Stores  Go. 

Williams  Building 
BOSTON,  MASS. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


439 


"AT  McCLURG'S" 

It  is  of  interest  and  importance 
to  Librarians  to  know  that  the 
books  reviewed  and  advertised 
in  this  magazine  can  be  pur- 
chased from  us  at  advantageous 
prices  by 

Public  Libraries,  Schools, 
Colleges  and  Universities 

In  addition  to  these  books  we 
have  an  exceptionally  large 
stock  of  the  books  of  all  pub- 
lishers—a more  complete  as- 
sortment than  can  be  found  on 
the  shelves  of  any  other  book- 
store in  the  entire  country.  We 
solicit  correspondence  from 
librarians  unacquainted  with 
our  facilities. 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 

A.C.  McClurg  &  Co.,  Chicago 


Miss  Viola  Roseboro',  to  whom  is  credited  the 
discovery  of  O.  Henry  and  the  acceptance  of  his 
first  work,  is  now  associated  withTHE  EDITOR, 
the  fortnightly  journal  of  information  for  literary 
workers,  as  critic  and  adviser.  In  his  autobiogra- 
phy S.  S.  McClure  says  :  "Miss  Roseboro'  seized 
upon  the  early  stories  of  O.  Henry,  Jack  London, 
Myra  Kelly,  Rex  Beach  and  on  the  Emmy  Lou 
stories  with  as  much  sureties*  of  conviction  as  if 
she  had  known  what  the  end  was  to  be  in  each 
case,  and  exactly  how  popular  each  of  these  writers 
was  to  become." 

In  return  for  moderate  fees  writers  may  have  the 
benefit  of  Miss  Roseboro's  personal  criticism  of 
their  manuscripts. 

Writers  who  wish  a  handy,  complete,  up-to-date 
directory  to  the  markets  for  their  manuscripts 
should  have  the  new  edition  of 

"1,001  Places  to  Sell  Manuscripts" 

(The  American  Writer's  Year  Book  and  Directory) 

which  lists  in  classes,  with  indexes,  cross-indexes 
and  definite  statements  of  the  kinds  of  material  in 
demand  in  each  market,  more  than  5,000  pur- 
chasers of  short  stories,  novels,  essays,  poems, 
articles,  plays,  vaudeville  material,  photoplays, 
jokes,  photographs,  post  card  sentiments,  para- 
graphs, etc.  If  there  are  markets  for  a  writer's 
manuscripts  they  are  made  available  in  this  guide. 

Cloth,  300  pages,  $1.50  postpaid 
THE  EDITOR,  Box  509,  Ridgewood,  N.  J. 


IMPORTANT  NEW  BOOKS 


THE  MOST  IMPORTANT  BOOK  ON 
THE  WAR  YET  ANNOUNCED 

WITH  THE  GERMAN  ARMIES 
IN  THE  WEST 

By  SIR  SVEN  HEDIN,  author  of  "Through 

Asia, "  etc.     With  119  illustrations  and  4  maps 

400  pages.     8vo.     Cloth.     $3.50  net. 

This  is  undoubtedly  the  most  authentic  war 

book  written  up  to  the  present  time.     Sir  Sven 

Hedin  was  commissioned  by  the  Kaiser  to  visit 

the  German  Armies  in  Belgium  and  France,  and 

this  book  is  the  result.     It  should  be  read  by 

every  one  in  order  to  form  some  idea  of  the 

organization  and  resources  of  the  Power  against 

whom  the  Allies  are  fighting. 

A  PLEA  FOR  UNIVERSAL  PEACE 

WAR  AND 

WORLD  GOVERNMENT 

By  Dr.  FRANK  CRANE,  author  of  "Footnotes 

to  Life,  "etc.     Cloth,  $1.00  net. 

This  new  volume  includes  Dr.  Crane's 
editorials  upon  the  subject  of  war.  At  first  only 
a  protest  against  the  immense  stupidity  of  war, 
its  cruelty  and  causelessness,  his  articles  gradu- 
ally take  on  a  more  positive  tone,  becoming  an 
ardent  plea  for  World  Government. 

PANAMA  and  Other  Poems 

By  STEPHEN  PHILLIPS,  author  of  "Paolo 
and  Francesca,"  "  Marpessa, "  etc.     Frontis- 
piece by  Joseph  Pennell.  iimo.  Cloth, $i.2$net. 
"Stephen  Phillips  has  the  gift  of  stirring  song 
in  magnificent  degree,  and  his  new  volume  of 
poems  speaks  strong  and  clear  to  the  sympathetic 
spirit.     His  imagery  is  vivid  and  forceful,  and 
his  tragic  orchestra  sounds  wooing  overtones. " — 
Chicago  Record-Herald. 

POEMS  OF  EMILE  VERHAEREN 

Translated  by  ALMA  STRETTELL.  With  a 
Biographical  Introduction  by  the  Translator, 
and  a  Portrait  of  the  Author  specially  drawn 
for  this  edition  by  John  S.  Sargent,  R.A. 
\2rno.  Cloth,  $1.00  net. 

"The  translator  has  performed  his  difficult 
task  with  laudable  poetic  skill.  Verhaeren, 
Belgium's  foremost  poet,  is  amply  represented 
in  this  collection." — New  York  Tribune. 

THE  MAN  WHO  MARRIED 
A  DUMB  WIFE 

By     ANATOLE     FRANCE.     Translated     by 
CURTIS    HIDDEN    PAGE.     With    photo- 
graphic reproductions  of  the  Granville  Barker 
settings.     Cloth,  75  cents  net. 
'"The  Dumb  Wife'  is  a  joy.     It  is  sophis- 
ticated   modernism    of    the    most    tactful    and 
imaginative    kind." — Francis    Hackett,  in    The 
New  Republic. 


John  Lane  Company 


Publishers 
New  York 


440 


THE   DIAL 


[May  27,  1915 


A  VERY  IMPORTANT  NEW  BIOGRAPHY 

Spencer  Fullerton  Baird 

A  BIOGRAPHY 
By  WILLIAM  H.  DALL,  A.M.,  D.Sc. 

The  life  of  the  great  naturalist,  the  friend  of  Agassiz  and 
Audubon,  the  head  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  the  orga- 
nizer of  the  Fish  Commission.  With  much  interesting  corre- 
spondence with  eminent  men  of  science  and  military  leaders. 

Svo.  With  19  illustrations.  Buckram,  gilt  top,  Tincut,  $3.50  net;  carriage  extra. 
The  edition  is  printed  from  type,  and  no  more  will  be  published. 

Natural  history  in  America  is  most  of  all  indebted  to  two  remarkable  men, 
Professor  Louis  Agassiz  and  Professor  Spencer  F.  Baird. 

Their  activities  in  a  public  sense  in  this  country  began  about  the  same  time, 
Agassiz,  the  enthusiastic,  inspiring  teacher,  and  Baird,  the  efficient,  hard  working, 
and  lovable  organizer,  complemented  each  other. 

Professor  Baird  was  a  born  naturalist  and  organizer  of  methods  and  men.  His 
biography  is  not  a  history  of  explorations  nor  a  record  of  technical  investigations; 
but  an  account  of  the  life  and  relation  to  them  of  a  singularly  eminent,  able,  effi- 
cient, and  modest  devotee  of  the  Natural  Sciences. 

Apart  from  the  scientific  side  of  the  activities  it  endeavors  to  make  the  reader 
acquainted  with  the  characteristics  of  a  pure  and  lovable  leader  of  men  to  whose 
modesty  and  self-sacrifice  the  country  owes  a  debt  which  is  still  appreciated  only 
by  a  select  few. 

FAMOUS  DAYS  AND  DEEDS  IN 
HOLLAND  AND  BELGIUM 

By  PROF.  CHARLES  MORRIS 

Author  of  "Historical  Tales,"  "History  of  the  United  States,"  etc. 

16  illustrations  from  famous  paintings.     Cloth.     $1.25  net. 

Striking  stories  drawn  from  Dutch  and  Belgian  history,  including  such  dramatic 
events  as  the  founding  of  the  Beggars'  League,  the  saving  of  Leyden  by  the  Sea, 
the  siege  of  Haarlem,  and  many  other  tales,  including  several  incidents  in  the  Great 
War,  illustrating  the  character  of  the  sturdy  people  famed  from  Roman  times  for 
their  bravery  and  determination. 

"By  an  Eye- Witness" 

HOW  BELGIUM  SAVED  EUROPE 

By  DR.  CHARLES  SAROLEA 

$1.00  net. 

N.  Y.  Insurance  and  Commercial  Magazine:  "This  book  is  unquestionably  the 
strongest  and  most  convincing  presentation  of  Belgium's  case  that  has  appeared  to 
date.  The  author  is  not  only  one  of  the  foremost  scholars  of  his  stricken  country, 
but  he  was  present  at  the  famous  battles  and  sieges  of  the  opening  of  the  present 
great  war,  and  gives  us  the  matter  at  first  hand." 

An  Absorbing  Volume  of  Useful  Information 

CHEMISTRY  OF  FAMILIAR  THINGS 

By  SAMUEL  SCHMUCKER  SADTLER,  S.B. 

23  illustrations  and  6  figures  in  the  text.  Octavo.  $1.75  net. 
Philadelphia  Evening  Ledger:  "The  title  suggests  fascinating  subjects,  and  the 
reader  once  interested  is  unwilling  to  put  the  book  aside.  .  .  .  It  is  a  compen- 
dium of  useful  information.  .  .  .  It  is  absorbing  and  interesting,  and  a  book 
which  should  be  found  on  every  library  shelf.  .  .  .  Thousands  of  subjects  are 
treated  in  an  attractive,  light,  readable  manner. " 

THE  OLD  EAST  INDIAMEN 

By  E.  KEBLE  CHATTERTON,  Lieut.  R.N.V.R. 

33  illustrations.     Octavo.     $3.50  net. 

Boston  Transcript:  "  Lieutenant  Chatterton  ...  never  wrote  a  better  story 
than  this  true  tale  of  adventurous  men  who  went  forth  in  little  vessels  to  face 
dangers  of  many  kinds  on  land  and  sea.  ...  A  rare  and  valuable  addition  to 
the  bookshelves  of  those  who  value  highly  tales  of  the  sea,  of  adventure,  or  attractive 
accounts  of  important  phases  of  the  history  of  the  world,  for  it  combines  all  these 
things. " 


J.  B.  Lippincott  Company 


PUBLISHERS 


PHILADELPHIA 


"  No  Polar  book  ever  written  has  sur- 
passed these  volumes  either  in  sustained 
interest  or  in  the  variety  of  the  subject- 
matter. " — London  Athenaeum. 

SIR  DOUGLAS  MAWSON'S 

Own  account  of  (he  now  famous  Australian 
Antarctic  Expedition,  1911-1914. 

THE  HOME  OF  THE 
BLIZZARD 

300    remarkable    photographs,    16    color 

plates,  drawings,  maps,  plans,  etc. 

Two  large  octavo  volumes.  $9.00  net. 

Boston  Transcript:  "  A  treasure  house 
of  facts,  and  the  most  wonderfully 
illustrated  book  on  polar  exploration 
ever  published." 

Philadelphia  Record:  "A  tribute  to 
strong  men  who  went  forth  to  meet 
perils  and  even  death  itself  that  the 
world  might  know  something  of  the 
long  unknown  and  almost  forbidden 
land." 

London  Saturday  Review:  "One  of 
the  world's  greatest  stories  of  adven- 
ture." 


NEW  FICTION 
MIRANDA 

"The  Irrepressible!" 
By  GRACE  L.  H.  LUTZ 

Illustrated  in  color  and  black  and  white 
by  E.L.Henry,  N.  A.  $1.25  net. 
"Just  about  folks.  The  community 
life  of  a  village  cleverly  pictured. 
Miranda  is  refreshing." — New  York 
Telegraph.  "A  spirited  tale.  Miran- 
da's love  romance  is  a  prose  epic  of  the 
early  '40s.  Those  were  rare  old  days, 
and  Mrs.  Lutz  portrays  them  pic- 
turesquely."— Phila.  North  American. 
Miranda  first  appeared  in  "Marcia 
Schuyler,"  and  every  one  fell  in  love 
with  her.  No  one  can  resist  her  homely 
American  wit  and  irresistible  spirit. 

THE  WHITE  ALLEY 

By  CAROLYN  WELLS 

Frontispiece  in  color  by  Gayle  Hoskins. 

$1.25  net. 

Fleming  Stone,  the  ingenious  Ameri- 
can detective,  was  baffled  (as  you  will 
be)  up  until  the  last  move  of  the 
criminal  in  this  remarkable  murder 
mystery  case.  "An  ingenious,  com- 
plete, and  up-to-date  burglar  alarm 
system  takes  an  important  part  in  the 
story,  helping  to  deepen  the  mystery. 
Humor  and  cleverness  mark  the  con- 
versation." — New  York  Times.  "The 
most  perspicacious  reader  will  be 
unable  to  anticipate  the  denouement. 
.  .  .  the  case  is  one  of  the  most 
brilliant  to  the  credit  of  the  astute 
Stone." — Philadelphia  Press. 

By  the  Author  of  "Betty's  Virginia  Christmas" 

THE  DIARY  OF  A  BEAUTY 

By  MOLLY  ELLIOTT  SEA  WELL 

12  illustrations  by  Frederick  Dorr  Steel. 

Cloth.     $1.25  net. 

"A  lively  story  of  social  adven- 
ture."— Phila.  North  American.  "A 
piquant  pleasantly  written  tale — just 
the  book  to  while  away  tedious  hours. " 
—2V.  Y.  Times. 

THE  ROSE-GARDEN 
HUSBAND 

By  MARGARET  WIDDEMER 

FOURTH  PRINTING. 
Illustrated.  $1.00  net;  postage  extra. 
Boston  Transcript:  "The  beauty  and 
the  strangeness  that  go  to  make 
romance  are  combined  in  this  little  tale. 
The  reader  .  .  .  becomes  immediately 
interested  in  the  personality  of  the 
gay  little  'Liberry  Teacher'  who 
realizes  that  no  one  wants  to  hear  the 
'cry-side.'  " 


PRRSS  OF  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY 


'"- 

—     _• 


blic  Lik 


THE 


A  FORTNIGHTLY  JOURNAL  OF 

Criticism,  gisntssioir,  anb  Information 


FRANC°8NFEBRBOWNE 


CHICAGO,  JUNE    10,   1915. 


10  eta.  a  copy .  )  EDITED  BY 

$i.  ayear.    1   WALDO  R.  BROWNE 


Some  Books  for  the  Summer 


Outdoor  Book* 

Outdoor  Sketching 

By  F.  HOPKINSON  SMITH 

"It  is  not  necessary  to  be  an  artist  in  order  to 
understand  and  appreciate  this  book.  It  reads 
like  Mr.  Smith's  stories,  and  is  hardly  less  fasci- 
nating if  one  is  at  all  interested  in  pictures.  In- 
deed, it  might  serve  admirably  as  an  introduction 
to  the  appreciation  of  painting." — Springfield 
Republican.  Illustrated.  $1.00  net 

On  the  Trail  An  Outdoor  Book  for  Girls 

By  LINA  BEARD  AND  ADELIA  B.  BEARD 

A  most  useful  guide  to  trailing,  woodcraft, 

camping,  outdoor  handicrafts,  birds  and  animals, 

outdoor  photography,  canoeing,  and  all  the  work 

and  play  of  camping  life.     Illustrated.    $1.25  net 

Camp   Craft  Modern  Practice  and  Equipment 

By  WARREN  H.  MILLER 

Editor  of  "Field  and  Stream" 

With  an  Introduction  by  Ernest  Thompson  Seton 

"It  is  a  fascinating  volume  for  both  the 
enthusiast  and  stay-at-home  and  is  a  veritable 
treasure-mine  for  the  sportsman  or  any  one  who 
glories  in  the  great  out-of-doors." — Philadelphia 
Ledger.  Illustrated.  $1.50  net 

The  Well-Considered  Garden 

By  MRS.  FRANCIS  KING 

Vice-President  of  the  Garden  Club  of  America 
With  a  Preface  by  Gertrude  Jekyll 

"Mrs.  King's  work  is  both  sound  and  inspirit- 
ing, and  whoso  has  or  dreams  of  a  garden  will 
do  Well  to  peruse  it  forthwith." — Chicago 
Herald.  Illustrated.  $2.00  net 


Books  of  Fiction 

The  Great  Tradition 

By  KATHARINE  FULLERTON  GEROULD 

"With  a  touch  that  is  as  sure  as  her  pitying 
comprehension  is  keen,  she  lays  her  finger  on  the 
point  where  the  fundamentally  human  quality 
in  each  soul  comes  into  conflict  with  the  tradi- 
tions and  habits  into  which  it  was  born  or  amid 
which  it  lives.  And  in  this  way  she  gives  her 
stories  the  essence  of  true  tragedy,  the  inevitable 
conflict  of  the  soul  with  its  environment." — 
Bookman.  $1-35  net 

August  First 

By  MARY  RAYMOND  SHIPMAN  ANDREWS 
and  ROY  IRVING  MURRAY 

"The  charm  and  intensity  of  the  letters  must 
be  read  to  be  appreciated.  It  is  a  pretty  love 
story  with  dramatic  situations." — Literary  Di- 
gest. With  Frontispiece.  $1.00  net 

Daybreak 

By  ELIZABETH  MILLER 

"So  fascinating  and  so  cleverly  written  that 
it  is  difficult  to  lay  aside  until  read  to  the  end. " — 
Boston  Globe.  $1.35  net 

A  Cloistered  Romance 

By  FLORENCE  OLMSTEAD 

"In  a  perfectly  unpretentious  way  this  little 
book  is  captivating  and  joyous." — The  Outlook. 

$1.25  net 


By  JOHN  GALSWORTHY 

THE  LITTLE  MAN  AND  OTHER  SATIRES 

"John  Galsworthy  is  at  his  best  in  satire.     .      .      .      His  wit  is  keen,  but  never  cutting;  his 
sardonic  laughter  knows  no  bitter  basis.    He  merely  laughs  with  us  all. " — Chicago  Herald.     $1.30  net 

A  BIT  O'  LOVE.     A  Three-Act  Play 

Here  is  a  new  Galsworthy  play  done  in  his  best  manner.  The  scene  is  laid  in  a  village  in  the 
West  of  England.  60  cents  net 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 


NEW  YORK 


442 


THE    DIAL 


[June  10 


A  Very  Important  New  Biography 

Spencer  Fullerton  Baird 

A  BIOGRAPHY 
By  WILLIAM  H.  DALL,  A.M.,  D.Sc. 

The  life  of  the  great  naturalist,  the  friend  of 
Atfassiz  and  Audubon.  the  head  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  the  organizer  of  the  Fish  Commission. 
With  much  interesting  correspondence  with  emi- 

The  Open  Court  Series  of  Classics  of  Science  and 
Philosophy.  No.  2 

(Just  Published) 

SELECTIONS  FROM  THE 
SCOTTISH  PHILOSOPHY 
OF  COMMON  SENSE 

Edited  with  an  Introduction 
By  G.  A.  JOHNSTON,  M.  A.,  University  of  Glasgow 
Pp.268,  cloth;  price  $1.25 

The  historical  significance  of  the  Philosophy  of  Common 
Sense  is  considerable. 
For  half  a  century  the  Philosophy  of  Common  Sense 
was  the  dominant  philosophy  in  American  universities;  and 
it  is  to  the  Scottish  president  of  an  American  college  (James 
McCosh  of  Princeton)  that  we  owe  the  most  comprehensive 
study  of  it. 
In   England  and   Germany  it  has  never  been  much 
appreciated,  but  in  France  it  exercised  a  great  influence 
through   Victor   Cousin    (1792-1867),   who   made   it   the 
greatest  power  in  French  philosophy  of  the  period.     In 
recent  years,  in  France,  there  has  been  a  recrudescence  of 
interest  in  the  Scottish  philosophy  through  the  writings  of 
Professor  T.  T.  Laurie,  who  attempted,  in  several  able 
works,  a  critical  reconstruction  of  the  traditional  Scottish 
Natural  Realism. 
The  Scottish  Philosophy  of  Common  Sense  originated 
as  a  protest  against  the  skeptical  conclusions  of  Hume,  and 
the  hypotheses  found  in  Locke  and  Descartes.     Thomas 
Reid  was  the  first  man  to  see  clearly  the  genesis  of  Hume's 
skepticism,  and  in  this  little  volume  he  gives  an  admirable 
account  of  his  investigations  of  the  principles  upon  which 
this  skeptical  system  was  built. 

Send  for  Catalogue  of  Philosophical  Classics 

THE  OPEN  COURT  PUBLISHING  CO. 
CHICAGO 

Xvo.     With  i<)  illustrations.    Buckram,  gilt  top,   uncut, 
$3.50  net;  carriage  extra.    The  edition  is  printed  from 
type,  and  no  more  will  be  published. 

Natural  history  in  America  is   most   of  all 
indebted  to  two  remarkable  men,  Professor  Louis 
Agassiz  and  Professor  Spencer  F.  Baird. 
Their  activities  in  a  public  sense  in  this  country 
began  about  the  same  time,  Agassiz,  the  enthu- 
siastic, inspiring  teacher,  and  Baird,  the  efficient, 
hard   working  and  lovable   organizer,   comple- 
mented each  other. 
Professor  Baird  was  a  born  naturalist  and  organ- 
izer of  methods  and  men.    His  biography  is  not 
a  history  of  explorations  nor  a  record  of  technical 
investigations;  but  an  account  of  the  life  and  rela- 
tion to  them  of  a  singularly  eminent,  able,  efficient 
and  modest  devotee  of  the  Natural  Sciences. 
Apart  from  the  scientific  side  of  the  activities 
it  endeavors  to  make  the  reader  acquainted  with 
the  characteristics  of  a  pure  and  lovable  leader 
of  men  to  whose  modesty  and  self-sacrifice  the 
country  owes  a  debt  which  is  still  appreciated 
only  by  a  select  few. 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  COMPANY 

THE  FORUM 

THE  LEADING  AMERICAN  REVIEW  AND 

MAGAZINE 

The  FORUM  is  the  magazine  through  which  the  foremost  writers 
of  the  day  reach  the  thinking,  creating  people  of  the  world.  People 
who  believe  in  ideals,  but  not  in  ranting;  people  who  have  passed 
beyond  the  narrow  limits  of  provincialism  in  politics,  literature, 
art  and  the  knowledge  of  life. 

The  FORUM  is  essential  to  every  man  and  woman  who  is  inter- 
ested in  the  present,  its  dependence  on  the  past  and 
its  relation  to  the  future. 

The  price  is  2$  cents  a  copy;  $2.^0  a  year. 
A  three  months'  trial  subscription  for  $0  cents. 


MITCHELL  KENNERLEY 


Publisher,  NEW  YORK 


1915]  THE     DIAL  443 

Realism  and  Romance  in  Doran  Books 

THE   VALLEY   OF    FEAR  A.  Conan  Doyle 

This  new  story  of  Sherlock  Holmes  has  now  for  months  been  the  most  popular  romance  of  the  spring  —  it  has 
delighted  the  thousands  who  have  so  long  and  eagerly  awaited  the  return  of  Holmes.  Color  illustrations  by 
Arthur  I.  Keller.  Net  $1.26 

A   BRIDE   OF   THE    PLAINS  Baroness  Orczy 

The  world-famous  author  of  "The  Scarlet  Pimpernel"  has  at  last  told  the  blood-quickening  story  of  her  own 
beloved  homeland,  in  Southern  Europe,  where  passion  runs  high,  where  sturdy  men  and  girls  of  gipsy  blood  dance 
at  high  noon  in  between  the  leagues  of  wheat.  Net  $1 .35 

THE    EAGLE   OF   THE    EMPIRE  Cyrus  Townsend  Brady 

"An  important  contribution  to  historical  romance,  and  easily  the  best  of  the  author's  creations." — Philadelphia 
Record.  "As  a  contribution  to  Napoleonic  literature  could  not  have  been  spared;  and  its  romance  is  one  of  thrills 
and  tenderness. " — N.  Y.  Times.  Color  illustrations  by  The  Kinneys.  Net  $1.35 

THE   TAMING    OF   ZENAS    HENRY  Sara  Ware  Bassett 

Introducing  to  the  public  a  new  author  of  charm,  gaiety,  tenderness.  A  Cape  Cod  romance  that  delights  and 
wins  the  heart  —  the  perfect  book  for  vacation  time.  Net  $1 .25 

THE   RAT-PIT  Patrick  MacGill 

The  navvy-genius  whose  "Children  of  the  Dead  End"  startled  all  Britain  shows  a  greater  understanding  of  life, 
a  deeper  feeling,  and  equally  faithful  realism  in  this  story  of  Norah  Ryan,  from  the  rocky  coast  of  Donegal,  whose 
slender  feet  trod  the  hard  road  of  the  poor,  but  whose  chin  and  eyes  were  held  proud  and  high.  Net  $1 .25 

THE   INVISIBLE   EVENT   Comps^gTtrhlgJyacob  J-  D.  Beresford 

The  trilogy  of  Jacob  Stahl  is  now  complete  in  three  volumes,  "The  Early  History  of  Jacob  Stahl, "  "  A  Candidate 
for  Truth"  and  the  eagerly  awaited  third  volume,  "The  Invisible  Event. "  It  has  been  hailed  by  the  most  faithful 
critics  as  ranking  with  "Jean  Christophe"  and  "Clayhanger"  for  the  truth  and  incisiveness  of  its  picture  of  a 
young  man  of  to-day.  The  three  in  set,  boxed,  Net  $2.50.  Each  volume  separately.  Net  $1 .35 

OF   HUMAN    BONDAGE  W.  Somerset  Maugham 

This,  with  the  four  books  in  the  two  items  above,  gives  startling  evidence  of  the  power  of  realism  to-day.  Here 
again  is  the  young  man  of  to-day  —  in  business,  in  medical  college,  in  love;  told  with  unscanted  detail  and  the 
power  of  real  life.  This  is  not  a  mere  "publishing  incident";  it  is  a  literary  event.  Net  $1.50 

RED    FLEECE  Will  Levington  Comfort 

What  does  the  Great  War  mean  to  living  men  and  women?     The  American  genius  shows.  Net  $1 .25 

THE  MIRACLE  OF   LOVE  Cosmo  Hamilton 

Could  you  sympathize  with  a  duke,  young,  charming,  handsome,  who  deliberately  came  to  America  in  search  of  an 
heiress?  But  you  do  in  this  lively  yet  deeply  feeling  story  by  the  author  of  "The  Blindness  of  Virtue. "  Net  $1 .25 

TENNIS  AS   I    PLAY   IT  Maurice  E.  McLoughlin 

By  all  odds  the  most  important  out-door  book  of  the  year 

The  world's  most  popular  tennis-player  here  tells  frankly  what  by  experience  he  has  found  best  in  tennis  —  courts 
and  equipment,  grips  and  strokes  —  with  invaluable  suggestions  to  all  lay  players  about  the  mental  attitude 
necessary  in  tennis,  and  interesting  anecdotes  from  his  own  tournaments  from  Europe  to  the  Fiji  Isles.  Over 
seventy  illustrations  with  elaborate  comments  on  them  by  the  author.  8vo.  Net  $2.00 

THE   LIE  Henry  Arthur  Jones 

Miss  Margaret  Illington's  great  stage-success,  in  a  reading  edition  specially  prepared  by  the  author.  Many 
photographs  of  Miss  Illington  in  the  climactic  scenes.  Net  $1 .00 

THE  MIND  OF  THE  RACE  '•%?£%&»  Reginald  Bliss 

A  literary  salad,  with  burlesques  on  the  most  interesting  authors  of  to-day,  from  Hugh  Walpole  to  Henry  James; 
sauced  with  piquant  observations  on  the  hurly-burly  of  politics  to-day.  Net  $1 .35 

WHEN    BLOOD    IS   THEIR   ARGUMENT  Ford  Madox  Huefier 

"The  most  incisive  analysis  of  Prussian  culture." — British  Weekly.  Net  $1.00 

TAHAN  Chief  Tahan 

The  autobiography  of  an  American  Indian,  reared  on  the  plains,  fighting  with  the  warriors,  becoming  a  Salvation 
Army  captain,  then  a  minister,  then  one  of  the  most  popular  lecturers  on  the  Chautauqua  circuit.  A  story  equally 
interesting  in  its  real-life  thrills  and  its  stirring  example  of  a  climb  from  barbarism  to  civilization.  Many  illus- 
trations. Net  $1.25 
AT  ALL  BOOKSELLERS  

GEORGE  H.  DORAN  COMPANY,  Publishers,  New  York 

Publishers      in      America      for      HODDER      &      STOUGHTON 


444 


THE    DIAL 


[June  10,  1915 


THE   BEST   BOOKS  FOR  SUMMER  READING 


NOW  READY 


Winston  Churchill's 

New  Novel 


A  FAR  COUNTRY 

By  Winston  Churchill 

Author  of  "The  Inside  of  the  Cup" 

A  novel  of  remarkable  power  and  vision.  A  book  that  goes  deep  into  modern  life  and  reveals  the 
truth.  Written  with  even  greater  daring  than  "The  Inside  of  the  Cup,"  Mr.  Churchill's  new  novel  is 
another  realistic  and  faithful  picture  of  contemporary  America.  Illustrated.  $1.50 


Jack  London's  New  Novel 

THE  SCARLET  PLAGUE 

By  Jack  London 

A  romance  of  the  future  in  which  Jack  London 
records  the  strange  events  of  the  year  2000  after 
the  Great  Plague  had  swept  over  the  world. 

Illustrated.    $1.00 


Arthur  Stringer's  New  Novel 

THE  HAND  OF  PERIL 

By  Arthur  Stringer 

A  real  detective  story  with  a  plot  that  will  hold 
your  interest  from  the  first  to  the  last  page, 
written  by  a  master  of  this  type  of  fiction. 

Illustrated.     $1.3  5 


— Eden  Phillpott's  New  Novel 

BRUNEL'S  TOWER 

By  Eden  Phillpotts 

"  Magnificently  written.     .      .      .     The  daily  bread  of  life  is  in  this  book.     .      .      .     Absorbingly 
interesting.     .      .      .     A  book  for  which  to  be  frankly  grateful. " — N.  Y.  Times. 

"  Filled  to  its  depths  with  reflections  upon  life  that  are  very  near  to  life  itself. " — Boston  Transcript. 

$1.50 
— The  Best  New  Poetry. 


James  Stephens' 's  New  Volume 

SONGS  FROM  THE  CLAY 

By  James  Stephens 

Author  of  "The  Crock  of  Gold,"  etc. 
"Written    with    a    far-soaring    imagination,    a 
whimsical     humor     .      .      .     free     from     senti- 
mentality   and    cant     ...     a    book    to    be 
possessed." — Chicago  Post.  $1.00 


Mr.  Tagore's  New  Volume 

SONGS  OF  KABIR 

By  R&bindranath  Tagore 

Nobel  Prizeman  in  Literature,  1913. 

"Everyone  who  is  sensitive  to  poetry  that  is 

clear  and  simple  and  full  of  beauty  will  read  this 

striking  translation  with  interest  and  with  heart 

quickening." — N.  Y.  Times.  $1-25 


"  The  greatest  American  poetry  since  Whitman's."— WILLIAM  MARION  REEDY 

SPOON  RIVER  ANTHOLOGY 

By  Edgar  Lee  Masters 

"It  more  vividly  paints  a  community  than  any  other  work  in  American  literature." — Boston 
Transcript.     "It  is  an  illuminating  piece  of  work,  and  an  unforgettable  one. " — Chicago  Post.          $1.25 

Best  New  Books  on  Current  Topics-  = 


RUSSIA  AND  THE  WORLD 

By  Stephen  Graham 

Author  of  "With  Russian  Pilgrims  to  Jerusalem. " 
A  book  that  reveals  and  interprets  modern 
Russia  for  Western  minds,  written  by  one  who 
has  lived  long  in  the  country  and  caught  the  spirit 
of  its  people.  Illustrated.  $2.00 


AMERICA  and  HER  PROBLEMS 

By  Paul  Benjamin  d'Estournelles  de  Constant 

Senator  of  the  French  Republic,  etc. 

A  penetrating  discussion  of  our  national  and 

international  problems  as  seen  by  a  statesman  of 

rare  genius  and  a  keen  observer  of  governmental 

affairs.  $2.00 


THE  JAPANESE  PROBLEM  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 

By  H.  A.  Millis 

A  frank  and  highly  interesting  discussion  of  an  important  question ;  the  result  of  a  special  investiga- 
tion and  study  of  the  actual  conditions  in  California,  considering  immigration  and  the  treatment  of 
established  Japanese.  $1-5° 


PUBLISHED  AT 
64-66  5th  AVE.,  N.  Y. 


THE  MACMILLAN  COMPANY 


ON  SALE  AT  ALL 
BOOKSTORES 


THE  DIAL 

Jfortmsfjtlp  Sfournal  of  JLittwtp  Crfrtctem,  Btecusgion,  anb  3lnf  ormatfott 


THE  DIAL  (founded  in  1880)  is  published  fortnightly  — 
every  other  Thursday  —  except  in  July  and  August,  in  which 
one  issue  for  each  month  witt  appear.  TERMS  OF  SUBSCRIP- 
TION, $2.  a  year  in  advance,  postage  prepaid  in  the  United 
States  and  Mexico;  Foreign  and  Canadian  postage  50  cents 
per  year  extra.  REMITTANCES  should  be  by  check,  or  by 
express  or  postal  order,  payable  to  THE  DIAL.  Unless  other- 
wise ordered,  subscriptions  will  begin  with  the  current  num- 
ber. When  no  direct  request  to  discontinue  at  expiration  of 
subscription  is  received,  it  is  assumed  that  a  continuance  of 
the  subscription  is  desired.  ADVERTISING  RATES  furnished  on 
application. 

Published  by  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY, 
632  Sherman  Street,  Chicago. 


Entered  as  Second-Class  Matter  October  8,  1892,  at  the  Post 
Office  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  under  Act  of  March  3,  1879. 


Vol.  LVIII.          JUNE  10,  1915 


No.  696 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 


A   BULL    IN    THE    EDUCATIONAL    CHINA- 
SHOP     445 

FEEBOTEN.    Z.  M.  Kalonymos 448 

CASUAL   COMMENT 450 

Fifty  years  of  the  "  Fortnightly."  —  Laxa- 
tive literature. —  Travesty  in  the  form  of 
fiction. —  The  perils  of  playfulness. —  A  plea 
for  the  revival  of  a  moribund  art. —  The  book- 
reviewer's  chief  function. —  The  pride  of 
authorship. —  Obstructive  library  laws. —  A 
new  department  of  State  archives. —  A  classic 
author  in  his  own  lifetime. 

COMMUNICATION 454 

An   Aggrieved   Shakespearean   Commentator. 
Charles  D.  Stewart. 

CROWDING    MEMORIES    OF    A    LITERARY 

LIFE.     Percy  F.  Eicknell 456 

JUSTICE  FOR  THE  INDIAN.    Frederick  Starr  458 
TAGORE:     POET    AND    MYSTIC.      Louis    I. 

Bredvold 459 

A  SCIENTIFIC  BAEDEKER  OF  THE  WEST. 

Charles  Atwood  Kofoid 461 

EECENT  FICTION.  William  Morton  Payne  .  462 
Miss  Van  Vorst's  Mary  Moreland. —  Merwin's 
The  Honey  Bee. —  Oppenheim's  The  Double 
Traitor. —  Thome's  The  Secret  Service  Sub- 
marine.— Le  Queux's  At  the  Sign  of  the 
Sword. — Mrs.  Bradley's  The  Splendid  Chance. 

NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS 466 

BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS 467 

Studies  in  Chaucer  and  his  times. — "  The 
mystery  and  the  miracle  of  vitality."  —  New 
light  on  the  emotions. —  Internationalizing 
the  Monroe  Doctrine. —  A  contribution  to 
social  betterment. —  Wonders  of  the  Rockies. 
—  Health  control  in  the  Tropics. —  Determin- 
ism and  romance. —  The  universal  appeal  of 
great  art. —  Woman's  place  in  modern  prog- 
ress.—  New  edition 'of  a  handbook  on  India. 

BRIEFER  MENTION  .     .     . 471 

NOTES 472 

TOPICS    IN   JUNE   PERIODICALS     ....  473 
LIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS     ....  .  474 


A  BULL  IN  THE  EDUCATIONAL 
CHINA-SHOP. 


There  lies  heavily  upon  our  table  a  pamphlet 
in  a  neutral  gray  cover,  containing  nearly 
a  thousand  pages  —  most  of  them  in  fine  print, 
—  and  bearing  the  innocuous  title :  "  Report 
upon  the  Survey  of  the  University  of  Wiscon- 
sin." This  is  not  an  ordinary  official  docu- 
ment ;  it  is  a  most  extraordinary  one.  May  it 
long  remain  unique!  Democratic  etiquette 
requires  that  public  linen  shall  be  washed  in 
public.  However  decorous  the  arrangement  of 
the  clothes  on  the  line,  the  tout  ensemble  is 
not  inspiring.  A  considerable  part  of  the 
"Survey"  relates  to  matters  of  University 
housekeeping, —  methods,  accounts,  forms,  ap- 
pliances, machinery,  statistics;  all  this  is  no 
concern  of  ours.  The  officials  responsible  for 
the  undertaking  are  "the  State  Board  of 
Public  Affairs,"  composed  of  the  Governor 
and  other  prominent  citizens.  Their  concise 
report  is  a  proper  statement  of  the  university's 
policy,  record,  and  management ;  it  is  sporadi- 
cally critical,  but  sane  in  criticism  and  com- 
mendation. The  facts  speak  adequately,  and 
reflect  the  usual  wisdom  interspersed  with 
myopic  vision  that  makes  educational  history 
in  this  overgrown  country  of  ours.  The  mas- 
sive bulk  of  the  volume  is  the  work  of  one 
William  H.  Allen,  Ph.D.,  the  official  surveyor. 
The  manner  in  which  his  inquisitorial  task  is 
accomplished  necessitates  a  copious  comple- 
ment of  commentaries  by  various  members  of 
the  Faculty  of  the  surveyed  university.  The 
function  of  these  commentaries  is  to  set  forth 
the  versatile  fallacies  and  to  correct  the  com- 
prehensive distortions  with  which  the  "Allen  " 
report  is  saturated.  Thus  denatured,  the 
document  to  the  discerning  becomes  inoffen- 
sive by  becoming  ridiculous;  and  yet  it  re- 
mains a  tragedy  in  effect,  a  farce  in  execution. 

When  Dr.  Allen's  methods  are  vivisected  by 
shrewd  and  patient  diagnosticians  (whose 
services  at  the  least  deserve  a  national  monu- 
ment) their  barrenness  is  pitiable.  A  list  of 
thirty-seven  things  which  the  dean  of  the 
graduate  school  of  the  much  lauded  University 
of  Wisconsin  is  not  expected  to  do,  is  gravely 
cited  as  a  comprehensive  arraignment  of  the 


446 


THE   DIAL 


[ June  10 


incompetence  and  negligence  of  that  officer, 
"without  evidence  being  presented  that  it  is 
desirable  or  practicable  to  do  any  one  of  the 
thirty-seven  things."  Had  the  dean  actually 
subscribed  to  these  thirty-seven  articles,  it 
would  have  been  adequate  cause  in  the  minds 
of  many  to  invite  his  resignation;  and  it  is 
fairly  probable  that  had  he  been  thus  guilty, 
these  same  "  facts  "  of  commission  might  have 
been  cited  by  another  "  Dr.  Allen  "  as  evidence 
of  the  manner  in  which  the  dean  wastes  his 
time.  The  justly  despairing  commentator  re- 
sorts to  the  deadly  parallel:  "Using  the 
method  of  Dr.  Allen,  it  might  be  said:  (a) 
No  attempt  has  been  made  to  determine  the 
average  size  of  shoes  worn  by  professors"; 
or  the  relation  of  the  color  of  their  hair  to 
"  efficiency  of  instruction,"  or  of  the  color  of 
their  eyes  to  "  efficiency  in  research,"  —  or 
other  deadly  sins  of  omission  more  than  seven 
times  seven.  Under  such  irritation,  sooner  or 
later,  even  the  academic  spirit  rebels.  On 
page  197  we  reach  the  verdict :  "  To  resort, 
for  once,  to  the  vernacular,  this  is  rot."  More 
soberly  expressed:  "No  statement  of  facts 
and  no  conclusion  or  recommendation  of  Dr. 
Allen  can  be  accepted  without  verification." 
"  The  intellectual  life  and  the  life  of  the  spirit 
are  to  Dr.  Allen  what  a  symphony  is  to  the 
deaf-mute  or  a  sunset  to  the  blind."  "  The 
survey  of  the  graduate  school  has  been  mainly 
directed  to  its  clothes  rather  than  to  the  living 
being  beneath  the  clothes."  Mis-statement, 
mis-quotation,  garbled  reports,  direct  untruth- 
fulness,  insinuations,  unwarranted  implica- 
tions, ignorant  interpretations,  mechanical 
manipulation  of  statistics,  are  all  charged 
against  Dr.  Allen ;  and  with  a  ruthless  frank- 
ness, scathing  in  its  charitable  reserve,  are 
proved  to  the  hilt.  Even  in  the  handling  of 
the  naked  sabre  of  statistics,  the  hand  that 
wields  the  weapon  receives  the  wound.  "  If 
Dr.  Allen's  computations  are  correct,  more 
than  90  %  of  the  teaching  of  the  college  costs 
less  than  42  %  of  the  salaries,"  a  reductio  ad 
absurdum.  In  fact,  so  ignorant  is  Dr.  Allen 
of  the  meaning  of  numbers  that  he  converts  a 
cold  statistical  statement  that  class-markings 
follow  the  law  of  distribution  of  averages  into 
a  deliberate  intention  on  the  part  of  the  in- 
structor to  repress  talent. 

But  enough  of  this  superfluous  exhibition  of 
the  mischief  that  one  stray  bull  in  a  china-shop 
can  do  (and  be  paid  handsomely  for  his  havoc) , 
and  to  the  point :  Why  are  these  things  ?  Is 


the  Allen  report  a  rare  and  negligible  patho- 
logical specimen,  or  is  it  a  significant  symptom 
of  a  prevalent  disease  ?  How  comes  it  that  the 
legislature  of  a  great  State  subjects  its  great- 
est institution  to  so  unworthy  and  so  futile 
and  so  expensive  a  procedure?  Why  should  a 
body  of  scholars  be  harassed  by  50-page  ques- 
tion-sheets, and  distracted  by  an  impertinent 
and  aimless  "  Survey  "  ?  Why  should  a  docu- 
ment more  voluminous  than  President  Stanley 
Hall's  great  two- volume  work  on  "  Educational 
Problems"  (to  mention  the  most  comprehen- 
sive of  recent  contributions  to  educational 
literature)  be  printed  and  circulated  as  Ex- 
hibits A  and  B  and  C  to  Ampersand,  of  irrele- 
vance and  obliquity? 

That  "  something  is  rotten  in  the  state  of 
Denmark"  is  the  ready  conclusion.  Well! 
"Yes"  and  "No."  Anyone  acquainted  with 
the  uncritical  manner  in  which  decisive  steps 
of  this  kind  are  taken  will  at  once  relieve  those 
responsible  for  the  "  Survey  "  of  the  charge  of 
any  lack  of  good  will,  of  appreciation  of  the 
higher  education,  or  of  good  judgment  in 
adjusting  desirable  ends  to  possible  means. 
Off-hand,  it  seems  a  good  thing  to  take  stock 
and  have  an  expert  accounting.  Such  "  goods  " 
come  high,  but  their  higher  sanction  is  Econ- 
omy with  a  capital  E.  And  there's  the  rub! 
Commercial-mindedness  has  so  insidiously 
eaten  its  way  into  the  judicial  fibre  of  the 
American  mind,  that  its  workings  have  become 
untrustworthy.  So  when  a  plausible  man 
comes  along  with  a  plausible  scheme  to  test 
the  higher  education,  and  reform  its  extrava- 
gance, and  tabulate  it,  and  cost-account  its 
every  item,  and  prune  research  and  similar 
luxuries,  and  introduce  supervised  instruc- 
tion, and  bring  the  plant  up-to-date,  and  scrap 
its  inefficient  professors,  one  person  in  author- 
ity is  impressed,  a  few  more  are  acquiescent, — 
and  the  scheme  goes  through.  Of  course  there 
should  have  been  a  watch-dog  on  the  grounds 
to  indicate  the  true  character  of  the  intruder ; 
but  there  was  not,  because  as  a  people  we  do 
not  like  alarmists  any  more  than  we  like 
"knockers,"  and  we  prefer  to  take  our  fore- 
thought after  something  has  happened.  If  the 
University  concerned  had  protested,  charges 
of  interested  motives  and  a  fear  of  baring  the 
truth  would  have  been  promptly  imputed.  No 
one  expected  this  kind  of  a  survey ;  and  it  is 
only  fair  to  admit  that  so  extreme  a  genius 
for  blundering  must  be  unusual.  It  is  hard 
luck  that  the  result  is  as  preposterous  as  it 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


447 


turned  out  to  be;  but  perhaps  that  is  the 
fortunate  thing  about  it.  If  the  Wisconsin 
survey  serves  to  prevent  a  similar  profane 
invasion  of  sacred  territory,  and  thus  to  guar- 
antee the  peace  of  the  academic  world  for  a 
reasonable  period,  the  Wisconsin  sacrifice  will 
not  have  been  in  vain.  Yet  it  would  be  rash  to 
assume  that  this  moral  will  be  drawn  univer- 
sally ;  and  once  more,  there's  the  rub ! 

For  down  at  the  bottom  of  our  hearts,  where 
convictions  germinate,  there  is  a  suspicion  of 
learning,  which  will  not  easily  be  uprooted. 
We  are  practical  to  the  point  of  obsession; 
which  means  that  we  lose  sight  of  the  most 
obvious  practicality  in  the  world,  in  that  we 
insist  upon  results  and  are  impatient  of  means. 
But  more  than  that:  there  has  grown  to  im- 
mense proportions  the  newer  efficiency,  that 
puts  forward  method  as  a  panacea,  invents 
"perfect"  systems,  and  is  absorbed  in  mechan- 
isms and  oblivious  of  purposes.  It  has  made  • 
the  business  sense  of  the  community,  which 
runs  things,  insensitive  to  values.  This  same 
business  sense  accuses  the  professor  of  a  lack 
of  practicality,  and  entirely  overlooks  that  all 
this  alleged  efficiency  of  beginning  on  the 
stroke  of  the  bell  and  quitting  when  the  whis- 
tle blows,  and  using  all  the  class-rooms  all  the 
time,  and  reducing  the  cost  of  unit-instruction 
per  student  neurone,  is  just  plain,  bald,  bare 
assumption.  There  is  not  a  fact  or  a  shred 
of  evidence  anywhere  to  prove  that  the  most 
important  discoveries  or  the  best  educated 
individuals  come  from  institutions  in  which 
these  things  are  carefully  looked  into,  and  that 
the  neglect  of  them  or  reasonable  attention  to 
them  has  differentiated  one  type  of  institution 
from  another.  Then  there  is  the  peculiar  in- 
fatuation with  facts  dressed  in  modern  tabular 
attire,  which  the  tailor  assures  you  is  the 
"correct"  thing.  So  the  surveyor  is  con- 
stantly insisting  that  he  wants  facts,  facts, 
FACTS.  But  Tie  decides  what  facts  he  wants ; 
assumption  again.  The  size  of  the  professor's 
shoes  is  a  fact,  and  is  readily  ascertained.  It 
has  a  glorious  definiteness,  and  the  curve  of 
distribution  would  admirably  prove  that  pro- 
fessors are  not  superior  to,  are  not  even  differ- 
ent from,  other  foot-geared  mortals.  The 
relevancy  of  a  fact,  or  the  interpretation  of  a 
fact,  is  to  the,  practical  man  merely  an  opinion, 
not  to  be  seriously  considered.  And  that  is 
why  he  is  so  easily  taken  in  by  plausible  pre- 
sumption. He  accepts  labels  for  things,  and  a 
record  for  the  experience.  Of  course  in  his 


own  field  he  knows  better ;  he  does  not  count 
all  his  promissory  notes  as  equally  valid  assets : 
he  has  a  pretty  exact  notion  of  what  he  can 
collect. 

And  yet  the  mystery  of  these  endless  pages 
of  utterly  useless  misconstruction  remains. 
Are  our  universities  really  to  be  threatened 
periodically  by  such  futile  absurdities  ?  What 
will  our  foreign  critics  think  of  us  ?  It  may  be 
a  joke  at  home,  where  we  make  allowances; 
but  it  becomes  a  shame  abroad,  where  it  travels 
on  its  face  value.  And  does  any  person  in  his 
senses  really  believe  that  the  cause  of  higher 
education,  or  any  worthy  cause  whatever,  can 
be  advanced  by  industrious  ant-hills  of  such 
petty,  carping,  querulous,  specious  pellets  of 
inconsequence?  Can  the  surveyor  himself 
believe  in  it ;  or  is  it  more  charitable  to  regard 
him  as  a  fraud  rather  than  a  fool?  If  the 
Wisconsin  survey  is  to  take  its  place  in  history 
as  an  isolated  case  of  an  obscure  mental  dis- 
ease, it  does  not  much  matter  what  the  answer 
may  be.  But  if  this  sort  of  thing  is  going  to 
break  out  epidemically  or  sporadically,  we 
must  find  the  antidote;  and  it  may  not  be  a 
simple  matter.  For  the  decision  to  have  sur- 
veys rests  with  a  small  group  of  men ;  and  if 
they  are  susceptible  to  the  wiles  of  special 
pleaders,  there  is  little  hope.  It  is  well  enough 
to  point  out  that  for  any  one  man  to  frame 
thousands  of  questions,  make  hundreds  upon 
hundreds  of  recommendations  on  any  and 
every  detail  of  a  university's  activities,  deter- 
mining off-hand  that  a  foreign  language  is 
unnecessary  and  so  is  military  drill,  that  the 
president  should  not  be  a  member  of  the  gov- 
erning body,  what  students  should  pay  for 
board,  how  faculty  meetings  shall  be  con- 
ducted and  doctor's  dissertations  written,  and 
so  on  endlessly, —  that  all  this  is  a  colossal 
piece  of  impudence,  which  would  indicate 
exactly  the  type  of  man  you  are  dealing  with. 
But  the  fact  remains  that  when  once  the  offi- 
cial inquiry  takes  this  form,  there  is  no  ma- 
chinery available  for  stopping  it,  short  of  the 
threat  of  resignation  of  the  entire  Faculty, — 
and  who  ever  heard  of  professors  acting  col- 
lectively? The  law  provides;  the  money  is 
spent ;  and  the  report  goes  forth. 

It  would  be  possible  to  introduce  a  vaccina- 
tion) campaign  in  any  educational  area  in 
which  the  efficiency  germ  is  likely  to  find  a 
favorable  culture-bed;  the  operation  has  a 
good  chance  of  "taking"  and  conferring  a 
temporary  immunity.  The  only  permanent 


448 


THE   DIAL 


[June  10 


protection  is  in  the  way  of  a  wide-spread  and 
deep  appreciation  of  the  needs  of  the  educa- 
tional provisions  for  public  welfare.     How- 
ever spasmodic  and  uncertain  our  educational 
efforts,  they  have  proved  adequate  to  safe- 
guard cultural  interests.    The  private  institu- 
tions, with  their  capacities  to  mobilize  their 
alumni  reserves,  are  fairly  safe  from  attack. 
The  State  institutions  find  their  vulnerable 
point  in  the  legislative  plexus.     The  demo- 
cratic test  is  a  peculiar  one:   it  insists  that 
every  proposal  must  be  capable  of  convincing 
a  lay  jury  of  its  wisdom  and  necessity.    The 
mentality  of  that  jury  is  the  critical  issue; 
also  the  attitude  in  which  it  is  encouraged  or 
permitted  to  approach  its  authoritative  dis- 
pensations.    Political   authority   unquestion- 
ably includes  the  right  to  meddle  with  things 
imperfectly  understood,  and  to  override  the 
judgments  of  those  by  attainment  especially 
conversant  with  the  delicate  interests  of  the 
higher  education.    Whether  that  dubious  privi- 
lege  shall    be    exercised    depends    upon    the 
practical  conception  of  the  purpose  of  the 
political  instrument.     The  responsibility  goes 
back   to    the  universities   themselves.     They 
must  decide  whether  they  have  remained  true 
to  their  trust,  or  in  a  spirit  of  compromise 
have  bartered  their  birthright  for  a  mess  of 
pottage;  they  must  examine  whether  the  con- 
ception of  a  university  which  they  have  de- 
fended has  encouraged  unwise  interference, 
and  provoked  the  use  of  the  legislative  blud- 
geon.   For  there  the  efficiency  promoters  and 
the  energetic  grinders  of  axes  and  the  childish 
nursers  of  private  grudges  find  sympathetic 
response.    It  comes  with  a  sense  of  shock  that 
such   undesirable   forces   should   be   able   to 
assert  their  powers  and  weaken,  even  under- 
mine, the  foundations  of  our  highest  inter- 
ests.    Possibly  this  ponderous  monument  of 
the  folly  and  the  danger  of  such  a  policy  may 
lead  the  reflective  to  ponder.    For  the  Allen 
mausoleum,  in  view  of  the  transitoriness  of 
mundane  things,  the  epitaph  is  easy  to  select : 
"Verily  this  is  rot."     But  as  a  constant  re- 
minder of  the  watchfulness  that  is  the  price  of 
educational  safety  a  more  stable  and  a  more 
spiritual    conscience    and    consciousness    are 
indispensable.      After    every    political    cam- 
paign we  learn  that  once  more,  and  however 
the  election  turns,  the  country  has  been  saved. 
The  saving  forces  of  the  educational  interests 
will  rally  to  the  charge. 


VEEBOTEN. 


It  is  Sunday.  We  are  five  at  dinner,  talking 
of  the  sinking  of  the  "Lusitania,"  and  our 
voices  are  subdued.  One  of  us  is  a  German,  a 
teacher  of  German,  an  interpreter  of  Germany 
to  America.  Another  is  of  German  stock ;  his 
ancestors  had  come  to  the  United  States  after 
'48,  leaving  a  brother  dead  in  the  fight  for 
freedom.  The  third  is  a  Jew,  German-born 
and  wont  on  occasion  to  tell  us  that  he  was 
made  in  Germany  and  improved  in  America. 
The  fourth  is  pure  American,  of  Puritan  stock, 
the  dean  of  our  group.  He  is  old  enough  to 
be  the  father  of  the  oldest  of  us ;  his  choice  of 
us  as  table-mates  we  regard  as  a  great  compli- 
ment. We  defer  to  him  in  all  our  disputes,  to 
his  humor  and  to  his  experience.  He  is  largely 
German-trained,  a  great  lover  of  Germany, 
particularly  of  Gottingen,  where  he  had  stud- 
ied ;  now  and  then  he  would  tell  us  charming 
stories  of  his  student-days.  Of  recent  years  it 
was  his  custom  to  return  to  Germany  every 
summer. 

This  day  our  talk  has  been  less  certain  and 
less  frank  than  is  our  custom.  We  have  been 
skirting  the  edge  of  the  topic,  dwelling  on  the 
pity  of  it.  We  all  exhibit  strain,  as  in  a  house 
of  mourning;  silences,  eloquent  with  tension, 
fall  too  often.  At  the  end  of  one  of  these 
comes  the  voice  of  the  Jew,  low,  but  no  longer 
hesitant,  as  if  he  has  determined  to  cut  through 
our  reservations. 

"You  know  how  I  have  always  tried  to 
explain,  to  explain  away.  But  this  time' — 
when  I  read  the  paper  I  could  n't  believe  it  at 
first,  and  when  I  found  I  had  to  I  felt  a  rush 
of  anger,  I  wanted  to  crush  that  submarine- 
captain  in  my  two  hands, —  to  break  him  in 
halves.  At  home  I  found  my  weekly  '  Staats 
Zeitung.'  The  next  thing  I  knew  half  of  it 
was  on  the  floor  under  my  feet,  the  rest 
twisted  to  pieces  in  my  hands.  I  was  crying 
inwardly,  God  punish  Germany !  " 

In  the  silence  that  followed  we  could  hear 
the  German's  breathing.  He  opened  his  mouth 
once  or  twice,  but  did  not  say  anything.  He 
was  very  pale.  Finally  he  burst  out. 

"You, —  you!  But  what  is  the  use?  You 
do  not  understand, —  you  cannot  understand. 
I  know  what  you  all  think,  you,  my  friends. 
You  have  thought  it  from  the  beginning. 
Nothing  that  we  may  say  or  do  will  make  you 
think  otherwise,  though  we  have  pleaded  and 
conceded  and  humbled  ourselves  for  your 
American  friendship, —  yes,  even  intrigued 
for  it.  But  you  also  are  in  the  league  against 
us,  the  chief  bulwark  of  our  enemies.  Here 
are  you  four  —  all  German-born  or  German- 
trained, —  yet  I  know  from  his  silence  that 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


449 


even  Kurt  here,  who  bears  the  name  of  an 
uncle  who  died  for  a  free  Germany  in  '48, — 
even  Kurt  has  condemned  us.  And  Jacob, — 
you  heard  what  he  said.  He  forgets  what  his 
own  people  are  suffering  at  the  hands  of  the 
Poles  and  the  Russians.  He  forgets  that  it 
is  also  their  battle  we  are  fighting,  quite  as 
much  as  our  own, —  the  battle  of  civilization 
against  barbarism.  And  he  wrants  us  crushed 
for  a  fair  act  of  war!  But,  I  ask  you  — 
what  could  we  do?  "We  are  fighting  for 
our  national  life,  against  overwhelming  odds 
alone  in  the  centre  of  an  iron  circle  of  ene- 
mies whose  one  grievance  against  us  is  that 
we  are  prosperous  and  civilized.  We  did  not 
want  war;  we  do  not  want  war.  We  are  the 
most  peaceful  people  in  Europe,  hard-work- 
ing, studious,  devoted  to  the  ideal,  to  the  bet- 
terment of  mankind.  Our  one  crime  —  which 
you  call  militarism  —  is  self-defence.  Only 
yesterday  you  took  your  ideals  and  standards 
from  us, —  from  our  educational  system,  from 
our  industries,  from  our  arts,  from  everything. 
You  sent  your  young  men  to  study  in  our  uni- 
versities and  to  learn  our  ways.  You  copied 
our  scientists  and  philosophers.  If  you  had 
been  able,  you  would  have  copied  our  civic 
organization  and  social  and  economic  methods. 
Your  travellers  and  your  scholars  praised  us  by 
word  and  by  pen.  And  now  —  what  has  hap- 
pened? Have  we  changed  over-night  that  you 
should  call  us  Huns  and  barbarians  and 
makers  of  war  on  women  and  children  ?  It  is 
absurd !  We  are  the  same  as  we  always  were ; 
the  war  has  made  no  difference  in  us.  We 
have  broken  no  law.  We  have  hurt  none  whom 
we  could  save.  We  have  merely  defended  our- 
selves. You  would  allow  a  dog  fighting  for  his 
life  against  a  pack  of  wolves  greater  freedom 
than  we  have  taken  for  ourselves." 

He  rose  and  left  us  before  we  could  stop  him. 
After  a  pause  the  Jew  said :  "  There  is  some- 
thing in  that.  Our  turnover  has  been  com- 
plete. I  suppose  because  the  contrast  between 
the  German  at  war  and  the  German  in  peace 
is  so  violent  that  both  can't  be  real." 

"Hold  on,"  said  the  Yankee.  "I  am  not 
sure  that  the  violence  of  the  contrast  doesn't 
mean  that  both  must  be  real." 

We  looked  our  question. 

"Well,  here  is  what  I  mean.  You've  both 
read  Bedier's  collection  of  citations  from  the 
diaries  German  soldiers  are  required  to  write 
—  his  Crimes  allemands  ?  I  daresay  your  im- 
pression was  the  same  as  mine:  the  general 
mood  of  Bedier's  evidence  implied  more  than 
the  mere  execution  of  the  '  orders  of  the  day ' — 
a  willingness,  a  kind  of  joy,  a  gloating." 

"No,  no,"  expostulated  the  German- Amer- 
ican. 


"  Yes,  Kurt,  like  a  hungry  man's  when  he's 
eating,  or  better,  like  a  child's,  free  at  last 
from  the  restraints  of  school." 

"  I  don't  understand,"  said  Kurt  rather 
coldly. 

"I'm  afraid  not.  Perhaps  I  don't  under- 
stand, myself.  But  man  and  boy,  I  have 
known  Germany  for  over  forty  years.  I  was 
one  of  the  earliest  of  the  Americans  who  went 
over  there  to  study,  and  I  have  been  there 
since  repeatedly.  I  have  seen  the  change  of 
the  old  Germany  into  the  new  as  it  came.  You 
might  sum  it  all  up  by  the  word  Verboten. 

"  You  see,  the  Germany  I  first  knew  was  the 
Germany  of  your  grandfather,  Kurt,  and  it 
wasn't  very  different  from  the  Germany  of 
your  great-grandfather, —  a  pleasant,  sleepy, 
dreamy  country,  rather  messy,  very  indus- 
trious, very  pious,  sentimental,  and  most 
awfully  wordy.  People  were  not  concerned 
about  government,  except  when  they  made  a 
holiday  and  the  guard  turned  out.  Whatever 
you  called  the  form  of  government,  there  was 
a  great  deal  of  personal  and  social  freedom. 
You  went  where  you  pleased,  and  did  what 
you  pleased;  you  didn't  have  to  have  pass- 
ports, nor  get  out  of  the  way  of  the  military. 
Life  was  easier  than  it  was  here,  but  essentially 
as  democratic.  You  were  certain,  as,  save  for 
the  wordiness,  nowadays  you  can't  be,  of  ex- 
actly what  people  meant  when  they  called 
Germany  a  nation  of  poets  and  philosophers. 
Germans  have  always  exhibited  a  curious  as- 
surance that  the  Lord  is  with  them,  and  that 
their  will  is  His.  It  did  n't  particularly  matter 
what  they  did, —  they  always  had  a  system  of 
philosophy  to  prove  that  it  was  inevitable,  that 
the  Universe  meant  that  and  nothing  else. 
Think  of  Kant  with  his  obligatory  moral  law 
'  within.'  Think  of  Fichte  with  his  metaphys- 
ical demonstration  that  the  German  people 
were  intended  by  the  Lord  to  be  a  cultured 
nation.  What  is  the  whole  romantic  movement 
but  an  eristical  exhibition  of  how  the  uni- 
verse conspires  with  the  romanticist's  whim- 
sies? I  remember  reading  an  article  by  some 
American  professor  about  the  compensatory 
nature  of  ideas.  I  gathered  that  some  sort  of 
law  operates  which  keeps  men  neutralizing  un- 
pleasant facts  with  pleasant  fancies, —  ideas 
in  dreams,  ideas  in  art  and  literature,  ideas  in 
philosophy.  They  sort  of  balance  our  accounts 
with  the  universe,  our  wishes  taking  notes  on 
the  unseen  and  the  non-existent  for  the  visible 
existing  world's  failure  to  pay.  When  roman- 
tic idealism  flourished  in  Germany  there  were 
hundreds  of  small  states  and  an  infinite  deal 
of  local  color.  I  suppose  that  the  barren  ex- 
panse and  logical  rigor  of  that  way  of  think- 
ing,—  a  way  of  thinking  which  makes  all 


450 


THE    DIAL 


[June  10 


things  the  same  as  your  Absolute  self, —  was  a 
compensation  for  the  pleasant  grubbiness  and 
provinciality  and  disorder  of  the  actual  daily 
life.  It  is  all  the  same  in  the  Absolute." 

"  But  what  has  all  that  to  do  with  the  war 
and  Verboten  and  f rightfulness  ? "  interposed 
Kurt. 

"  Why,  this.  So  long  as  the  Kantian  '  moral 
law '  was  '  within/  so  long  as  the  Absolute  was 
an  obligation  in  idea,  it  was  a  word,  an  ideal, 
and  conspired  with  the  individual  to  keep  him 
free,  expanding  his  imagination  and  saving 
him  from  provincialism.  But  thanks  to  Hegel, 
the  word  was  made  flesh  and  dwelt  on  earth ; 
the  ideal  became  an  idol." 

"To  Hegel?" 

"  Yes.  Do  n't  you  remember  the  peroration 
of  his  philosophy  of  history  ?  It  describes  the 
Prussian  monarchy  as  Absolute  Reason  incar- 
nate,—  identifies  it  with  the  highest  perfection 
which  rational  evolution,  as  history,  could 
attain.  Conservative,  orthodox,  wordy,  and 
pro-Prussian,  Hegel  is  the  real  master  of 
Treitschke.  Of  all  the  consequences  of  his 
teachings  —  and  they  are  legion  —  modern 
Germany  is  thus  far  the  most  efficacious.  His 
way  of  thinking  dominated  Europe  for  two 
generations.  It  was  the  official  philosophic 
orthodoxy  of  my  student  days,  approved  by 
the  powers  that  be  because  it  made  them  the 
Absolute's  local  habitation  and  name.  It  justi- 
fied things  as  they  were.  It  rationalized 
acquiescence  in  Prussian  aggression  between 
'60  and  '80,  and  made  easy  the  complete  Prus- 
sification  of  Germany  in  the  '80s.  There  had 
been,  for  various  reasons,  an  interval  of  over 
twenty  years  between  my  first  and  second  jour- 
ney to  Germany.  I  have  since  returned  there 
every  summer ;  but  the  shock  of  that  first  re- 
turn repeats  itself.  The  picturesque  dirt  and 
the  jolly  disorderliness  were  gone ;  streets  were 
clean  and  policemen  plenty.  The  simplicity, 
the  kindliness,  and  the  democracy  were  gone ; 
the  freedom  of  movement  was  gone,  so  was, 
really,  the  freedom  of  thought.  The  universi- 
ties and  schools  had  been  centralized;  ad- 
vancement was  dependent  upon  a  ministry  to 
whom  your  teaching  must  be  satisfactory ;  and 
if  you  were  heterodox  on  any  matter  remotely 
connected  with  politics  there  was  no  hope  for 
you.  Everything  else  was  like  that,  too, —  the 
press,  commerce,  the  church.  And  the  police- 
system, —  passports,  surveillance,  reports !  On 
all  sides  you  were  hemmed  in  with  taboos,  and 
if  you  expostulated  you  were  met  with  an 
inexorable  Verboten.  All  you  could  do  was  to 
swear  —  in  the  privacy  of  your  bedroom, —  to 
kick  the  cat,  or  to  get  drunk.  Verboten  was 
the  moral  law,  the  absolute  reason,  turned  into 
a  visible  and  audible  fact. 


"  The  new  generation  which  had  grown  up 
with  it  had  grown  up  swearing,  kicking  the 
cat,  getting  drunk;  the  present  generation  is 
doing  the  same  thing  on  the  battlefield  —  in  a 
more  exaggerated  way,  but  the  same  thing. 
The  new  art,  the  new  literature,  the  new 
eroticism  and  individualism,  these  are  but  the 
relief  of  swearing,  the  expression  in  idea  of 
these  traits  which  the  Prussified  social  and 
political  order  repressed  in  fact.  Transcen- 
dental Egotism  has  given  way  to  personal 
selfishness,  to  bumptiousness,  to  vanity ;  senti- 
ment and  piety  to  subtle  brutality  toward 
women  and  to  formalism  in  religion;  social 
responsibility  to  intense  individualism  and 
rivalries,  most  marked,  perhaps,  in  academic 
circles.  Year  by  year,  as  I  returned,  I  found 
these  things  intensified  as  the  '  moral  law ' 
became  more  'objective'  and  Verboten  more 
effective.  Absolutism  in  fact  had  led  to  anar- 
chism in  ideals:  Germany  was  swearing  and 
kicking  the  cat  and  getting  drunk  to  beat  the 
band.  You  know  how  the  present  generation 
swears  by  Nietzsche.  And  you  know  —  the 
Schrecklichkeit." 

"But,"  interposed  Jacob,  "isn't  Nietzsche 
himself  a  cause  of  the  Schrecklichkeit?" 

"Nonsense.  Nietzsche  was  nothing  if  not 
an  individualist.  He  had  no  use  for  the  State. 
If  young  Germany  has  turned  to  him,  it  is  by 
way  of  compensation.  Like  the  atrocities,  his 
hold  on  young  Germany's  imagination  is  an 
effect,  not  a  cause.  He  supplies  young  Ger- 
many with  what  Mr.  Robert  Chambers  sup- 
plies the  shop-girl, —  a  vicarious  realization  of 
repressed  desire.  The  cause  is  the  repression 
exercised  by  the  '  moral  law  within '  turned 
into  an  outer  fact.  The  cause  is  Verboten." 

Z.  M.  KALONYMOS. 


CASUAL  COMMENT. 


FIFTY  YEARS  OF  THE  "FORTNIGHTLY,"  the 
review  that  professes  by  its  name  to  appear 
every  two  weeks,  and  did  so  for  a  year  at  its 
start,  but  has  ever  since  unblushingly  belied 
its  title  by  coming  out  monthly,  have  been 
rounded  out  with  proper  acclaim,  and  the 
publication  starts  on  its  second  half-century 
under  notably  favorable  auspices.  It  is  not. 
by  the  way,  the  first  English  periodical  of  its 
sort  to  be  guilty  of  a  certain  absurdity  in  the 
matter  of  title.  There  was,  for  instance, 
"  The  Prospective  Review,"  called  into  being 
ten  years  earlier  by  James  Martineau  and 
others,  and  not  unnaturally  made  the  target 
for  some  good-natured  jibes  by  reason  of  the 
contradiction  in  terms  conspicuous  in  its 
name.  As  the  jubilee  of  the  review  now  con- 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


451 


ducted  by  Dr.  Courtney  is  duly  celebrated  in 
the  pages  of  that  review,  the  reader  is  referred 
to  those  entertaining  and  instructive  pages, 
to  which  it  may  be  pertinent  to  add  an  appre- 
ciative word  concerning  its  editor  by  a  fellow- 
Oxonian.  In  his  "  Twenty  Years  of  My  Life  " 
Mr.  Douglas  Sladen  writes :  "  But  of  all  the 
men  who  were  at  Oxford  with  me,  no  one  has 
been  so  prominent,  then  and  now  taken  to- 
gether, in  intellectual  circles  as  W.  L.  Court- 
ney. Courtney  was  then  a  rather  young  New 
College  don,  who  had  the  distinction  of  being 
married  to  an  extremely  smart-looking  wife. 
That  would  have  been  a  distinction  by  itself 
in  the  Oxford  of  that  day,  for  few  were  mar- 
ried in  a  way  suitable  to  impress  under- 
graduates. Added  to  that,  he  cut  the  most 
eminent  figure  in  athletics  of  any  don  in 
Oxford.  He  was  the  treasurer  of  the  Uni- 
versity Boat  Club,  while  the  dons  respected 
him  as  the  ablest  man  in  Oxford  at  philoso- 
phy. .  .  His  influence  on  literature  has  been 
immense.  He  has  stood  for  the  combination 
of  scholarliness  and  up-to-dateness.  His  own 
books  range  from  essays  on  the  verge  of  fic- 
tion to  some  of  the  most  important  works  on 
philosophy  published  in  a  generation.  Inci- 
dentally, the  creator  of  Egeria  is  our  best 
dramatic  critic,  and  a  writer  of  plays." 
Noteworthy  is  the  fact,  vouched  for  by  Mr. 
Courtney,  that  his  review  has  gained  rather 
than  lost  in  circulation  since  the  outbreak  of 
the  war  and  the  consequent  increased  vogue 
of  the  daily  newspaper.  Repeatedly,  he  says, 
the  "Fortnightly"  has  of  late  gone  out  of 
print  on  the  fourth  or  fifth  of  the  month; 
and  a  similar  experience  is  reported  by  other 
London  monthlies  of  like  standing.  Evi- 
dently the  daily  journalist's  snap-shot  views 
of  current  events  do  not  suffice  for  all  readers. 
•  •  • 

LAXATIVE  LITERATURE  is  both  a  cause  and  an 
effect  of  that  general  slackness  and  flabbiness 
that  characterize,  in  varying  measure,  the  im- 
perfect human  nature  of  us  all.  This  atonic 
quality  in  American  literature  and  life  re- 
ceives a  sharp  castigation  at  the  hands  of  Mr. 
Owen  Wister  in  an  article  entitled  "  Quack 
Novels  and  Democracy,"  which  holds  the  place 
of  honor  in  this  month's  "Atlantic."  Espe- 
cially severe  is  he  upon  those  present-day 
fiction-writers  of  whom  he  selects  Mr.  Harold 
Bell  Wright  as  a  typical  example,  upon  the 
five  million  eager  readers  of  such  fiction,  and 
upon  that  far  more  inclusive  class  of  Amer- 
icans whom  our  Secretary  of  State  is  thought 
by  Mr.  Wister  to  represent.  Slackness,  heed- 
lessness,  happy-go-lucky  muddle-headedness, 
addiction  to  cheap  sensationalism,  a  bland  con- 
tent with  sounding  words  and  pretty  phrases 


in  place  of  disagreeable  truths  and  stern  reali- 
ties, and  a  general  condition  of  self-complacent 
sloppiness —  these,  or  something  like  them,  it 
appears,  are  conspicuous  among  our  faults 
both  as  writers  and  readers  and  reviewers  of 
novels,  and  as  citizens  of  a  supposedly  self- 
governing  State.  The  quack-novelist  finds  five 
million  mouths  watering  for  his  "  mess  of  mil- 
dewed pap,"  and  the  quack-statesman  easily 
commands  many  more  than  five  million  elec- 
tive votes.  Our  people  revel  in  sham,  and 
assiduously  cultivate  a  squint  to  avoid  seeing 
the  truth.  Dr.  Edward  Garnett's  notable  deliv- 
erance of  six  months  ago  on  American  fiction 
is  made  the  text  for  some  remarks  not  exactly 
flattering  to  most  of  those  who  write,  those 
who  read,  and  those  who  review,  our  works  of 
fiction.  Timidity  and  lack  of  discrimination 
are  charged  against  the  literary  reviews,  of 
which  the  more  respectable  "  stand  ever  ready 
to  be  the  first  to  hail  a  perfectly  ivell  established 
artist."  The  view  of  Mr.  Bryan  upon  which 
is  premised  so  much  of  Mr.  Wister's  article 
seems  to  us  quite  unjust  and  unwarranted,  as 
are  also  his  sneers  at  the  very  few  American 
periodicals  (most  of  which  he  mentions  by 
name)  that  have  at  least  endeavored  to  main- 
tain discriminating  standards  in  the  appraisal 
of  current  fiction.  Occasionally  in  his  article, 
also,  Mr.  Wister  proves  that  he  is  by  no  means 
an  infallible  critic  himself, —  as  in  his  aston- 
ishing remark  about  Mr.  Galsworthy's  "  The 
Dark  Flower."  But,  in  the  main,  his  whole- 
somely harsh  utterances  ought  to  be,  and  must 
be,  in  some  degree,  tonic  and  bracing  and 
curative.  ... 

TRAVESTY  IN  THE  FORM  OF  FICTION  is  a  legiti- 
mate variety  of  literary  art,  and  is  never  liable 
to  the  severity  of  censure  visited  upon  travesty 
that  purports  to  be  history  or  biography  or 
travel  or  some  other  species  of  serious  prose 
composition.  Nevertheless,  when  the  novelist 
puts  forth  a  burlesque  or  a  distortion  in  such 
wise  as  to  cause  it  to  be  accepted  seriously  as 
something  other  than  it  is,  he  is  guilty  of  a 
kind  of  disingenuousness,  to  say  the  least,  that 
may  stir  just  resentment.  Such  resentment 
has  already  been  noted  in  these  columns  on  the 
part  of  certain  critical  Irish  readers  of  Canon 
Hannay's  imaginative  portrayals  of  life  and 
character  in  his  native  Ireland ;  and  now  there 
comes  to  notice,  in  the  Dublin  "Leader,"  an 
outspoken  though  not  intemperate  protest 
against  the  caricatures  that  this  popular  writer 
(known  to  his  readers  as  "  George  A.  Birming- 
ham ")  has  put  his  name  to,  more  especially  in 
some  of  his  later  books,  as  pictures  of  men  and 
manners  in  the  land  of  the  shamrock  and  the 
shillelah.  "Mr.  Birmingham,"  complains  the 


452 


THE   DIAL 


[ June  10 


critic,  "  albeit  guiltless  of  the  coarse  misrepre- 
sentations of  the  past,  has  contrived  to  revive 
the  expiring  tradition  of  the  Irishman  in  cap 
and  bells,  with  enough  wit  to  entertain  others 
and  insufficient  to  discharge  his  own  obliga- 
tions. At  the  very  moment  when,  having 
almost  overwhelmed  this  preposterous  tradi- 
tion, writers  and  dramatists  and  poets  were 
conspiring  to  replace  it  by  the  industrious 
and  attractive  circulation  of  the  truth,  there 
broke  in  upon  their  patriotic  efforts  Mr.  Bir- 
mingham's company  of  comedians.  Their 
appearance  was  doubtless  agreeable  to  Mr. 
Birmingham's  pocket,  but  it  has  been  singu- 
larly misfortunate  for  his  reputation  and  for 
the  dignity  of  his  country's  literature."  Re- 
gret is  expressed  for  "  the  degradation  of  Mr. 
Birmingham's  art  by  the  conscienceless  de- 
mands of  the  English  fiction  market,"  and  the 
writer  laments  the  "long  descent  from  'The 
Northern  Iron '  to  '  General  John  Regan,'  and 
from  so  carefully  written  a  book  as  '  The  Seeth- 
ing Pot'  to  the  pot-boiling  comicalities  of 
'  Dr.  Whitty.' "  One  can  understand  and  can 
sympathize  with  a  tendency  to  yield  to  the 
temptation  to  be  highly  entertaining  and  pro- 
portionately successful,  commercially,  rather 
than  to  be  less  entertaining  and  less  success- 
ful; but  the  stern  morality  of  the  matter 
teaches  that  'tis  a  writer's  perdition  to  be 
popular  when  for  the  truth  he  ought  to  be 
unpopular. 

THE  PERILS  OP  PLAYFULNESS,  whether  of  the 
pen  or  of  the  tongue,  lurk  unsuspected  on 
every  hand.  "  Set  a  watch,  0  Lord,  before  my 
mouth;  keep  the  door  of  my  lips,"  should  be 
the  humorist's  constant  prayer.  Grown  per- 
sons who  jest  in  the  presence  of  children  do  so 
at  their  own  risk.  The  comptroller  of  stamps, 
at  that  historic  party  in  Haydon's  rooms, 
whose  "  phrenological  development "  Lamb  so 
earnestly  desired  to  inspect,  will  stand  as  the 
type  of  man  before  whom  it  is  dangerous  to  be 
other  than  altogether  serious.  Carlyle,  it  will 
be  recalled  in  this  connection,  had  little  relish 
for  lighter  humor  of  the  Elian  variety.  To 
him  Lamb's  talk  was  "contemptibly  small, 
indicating  wondrous  ignorance  and  shallow- 
ness,"  and  there  was  "  a  most  slender  fibre  of 
actual  worth  in  that  poor  Charles."  But  be- 
tween Lamb  and  any  Scotchman  there  never 
was  much  love  lost.  Not  long  ago  there 
chanced  to  be  printed  in  this  department  a 
paragraph  ending  with  the  phrase  —  not  in- 
tended to  express  an  everlasting  truth,  but 
penned  in  lighter  mood  and,  moreover,  put 
into  the  mouth  of  a  hypothetical  man  of  let- 
ters—  "the  pen  is  mightier  than  the  plough." 
An  esteemed  contemporary  (the  hackneyed 


term  is  used  here  without  sarcasm),  from 
whom  better  things  had  been  looked  for,  most 
unexpectedly  and  surprisingly  pounced  upon 
this  little  alliterative  effort,  censured  with 
ponderous  gravity  the  supercilious  perpetrator 
of  so  wanton  an  injury  against  a  worthy  indus- 
try, magnanimously  instructed  him  in  his  igno- 
rance that  what  he  was  dimly  groping  for  in 
his  comparison  was  the  sword  and  not  the 
plough,  and  delivered  quite  an  improving  lit- 
tle sermon  on  the  usefulness  and  the  dignity 
of  agriculture.  Not  unnaturally,  this  stirred 
a  desire  to  take  candle  in  hand,  as  was  done  by 
Lamb  on  the  occasion  above  mentioned,  and, 
approaching  the  defender  of  the  honest  farmer, 
to  accost  him  with  the  gentle  humorist's  polite 
request,  "  Sir,  will  you  allow  me  to  look  at 
your  phrenological  development  ? " 
•  •  • 

A  PLEA  FOR  THE  REVIVAL  OF  A  MORIBUND  ART, 

the  art  of  reading  aloud,  was  not  long  ago 
persuasively  made  by  Mr.  Benjamin  Ives  Gil- 
man,  Secretary  of  the  Boston  Museum  of  Fine 
Arts,  before  a  gathering  of  Massachusetts 
librarians ;  and  his  words  have  now  achieved 
the  permanence  of  print  in  the  "  Bulletin " 
of  the  Massachusetts  Library  Club.  Mr.  Gil- 
man  suggests  that  a  "docent  service"  be 
added  to  the  public  library's  equipment,  sim- 
ilar to  the  docent  service  inaugurated  at  the 
above-named  museum  eight  years  ago  and 
since  widely  adopted  in  other  museums  both 
in  this  country  and  in  England.  Personal  aid, 
free  to  all,  in  the  appreciative  study  of  its  art 
works  is  furnished  by  the  museum,  greatly  to 
the  visitor's  profit  and  pleasure;  and  it  is 
argued  that  a  similar  docent  service  in  the 
library,  consisting  chiefly  of  the  viva  voce 
interpretation  of  great  authors  in  their  noted 
books,  would  help  to  make  those  authors,  now 
too  much  neglected,  alive  and  real  and  full  of 
meaning  to  the  library-users.  The  details  of 
the  scheme  would  have  to  be  worked  out  with 
thought  and  labor  and  the  instruction  of  expe- 
rience. On  this  head  Mr.  Gilman  says,  among 
other  things :  "  It  would  evidently  not  be  ad- 
visable to  add  the  duty  to  the  burdens,  already 
heavy,  of  the  library  force  itself.  Readers 
should  in  general  be  chosen  from  outside  the 
staff  as  a  regularly  accredited  corps  of  assis- 
tants. To  read  aloud  well  is  not  a  talent  given 
to  many;  and  the  choice  of  the  corps  would 
present  difficulty.  To  those  well  fitted  it 
would  afford  a  new  means,  if  not  of  livelihood, 
at  least  of  adding  to  their  earnings ;  but  great 
care  would  be  needed  to  ensure  that  the  reader 
should  have  a  good  voice,  a  pleasant  delivery, 
and  an  intelligent  and  appreciative  grasp  of 
the  particular  work  to  be  read."  To  his  fur- 
ther pertinent  remarks  he  might  have  added 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


453 


that  this  proposed  decent  service  is  but  the 
logical  extension  of  the  already  tried  and  ap- 
proved children's-story-hour  service,  though 
whether  the  addition  is  practicable  or  on  the 
whole  advisable  still  remains  to  be  shown. 
•  •  • 

THE  BOOK-REVIEWER'S  CHIEF  FUNCTION  is  re- 
viewing books  —  a  useful  platitude  lost  sight 
of  by  the  would-be  reviewer  who  writes  essays 
or  diatribes  or  sermons  or  rhetorical  treatises 
or  philosophical  disquisitions  in  the  guise  of 
reviews.  A  faithful  portrait  of  the  book,  as 
Mr.  Eobert  Lynd  emphatically  insists  in  a 
recent  article  on  "  Book-Reviewing  "  in  "  The 
British  Review,"  is  what  is  primarily  de- 
manded of  the  reviewer,  not  his  personal 
likings  or  dislikings  as  aroused  by  the  author. 
But,  like  a  good  portrait  of  a  person,  this 
representation  of  a  book's  distinguishing  quali- 
ties should  be  something  more  than  an  inven- 
tory of  attributes,  a  table  of  measurements,  a 
rogues'-gallery  record  of  individual  peculiari- 
ties; the  vitalizing  touch  must  make  itself 
felt,  the  creative  instinct  should  find  play, 
even  in  so  seemingly  mechanical  a  task  as 
reproducing  in  epitome  the  main  features  of 
a  popular  novel  or  a  collection  of  essays  or  a 
work  of  history.  This  vitalizing  touch  can  in 
many  instances  be  attained  by  a  discriminat- 
ing use  of  quotation  and  anecdote,  by  a  suffi- 
cient admixture  of  the  concrete  example  with 
the  abstractions  of  literary  criticism.  But 
above  all,  as  Mr.  Lynd  well  urges,  let  the 
reviewer  present  the  purpose  or  motive  of  the 
book,  and  indicate  as  clearly  as  possible  how 
far  that  purpose  has  been  attained.  If  the 
author's  object  is  to  justify  matricide,  no  mere 
iteration,  on  the  reviewer's  part,  of  the  sacred- 
ness  of  the  maternal  relation,  will  constitute  a 
review  of  the  book.  In  other  words,  a  due 
measure  of  self-suppression  is  of  superlative 
importance  in  book-reviewing,  as  in  every 
other  worthy  form  of  human  activity. 
•  •  • 

THE  PRIDE  OF  AUTHORSHIP  shows  itself  un- 
abashed in  some  authors,  tries  ineffectually  to 
conceal  itself  in  others,  makes  the  same  at- 
tempt with  better  success  in  still  others,  and 
is  entirely  unknown  to  the  remainder  —  so 
few  in  number  as  to  be  virtually  negligible. 
Probably  no  eminent  author  has  ever  dis- 
played with  more  delightful  frankness  this 
species  of  self-complacency,  which  after  all 
need  be  no  more  than  a  certain  legitimate  and 
desirable  measure  of  self-respect,  than  the 
amiable  Autocrat  of  the  Breakfast  Table.  A 
characteristic  anecdote  about  him  is  told  by 
Mr.  Douglas  Sladen  in  his  "  Twenty  Years  of 
My  Life"  (which  is  reviewed  on  another 
page),  and  it  will  be  new  to  most  readers. 


Contrasting  Meredith's  dislike  to  be  made  the 
object  of  gushing  compliments  with  Dr. 
Holmes's  smiling  submission  to  the  same  in- 
fliction, Mr.  Sladen  tells  of  a  lady  whom  he 
introduced  to  the  affable  American  author, 
and  who  opened  the  interview  thus:  "It 
must  bore  you  terribly,  Dr.  Holmes,  to  have 
everybody  who  is  introduced  to  you  telling 
you  how  they  admire  your  books."  "  On  the 
contrary,"  was  the  gallant  reply,  "  I  can  never 
get  enough  of  it.  I  am  the  vainest  man  alive." 
On  the  same  occasion,  the  English  chronicler 
adds,  Dr.  Holmes  told  him  that  he  had  been 
unable  to  do  any  literary  work  (except  his 
"Hundred  Days  in  Europe")  for  years,  be- 
cause all  his  time  was  taken  up  with  answer- 
ing complimentary  letters. 

•  •    • 

OBSTRUCTIVE  LIBRARY  LAWS  are  worse  than 
none.  The  Illinois  Library  Extension  Com- 
mission calls  attention,  incidentally,  in  its 
latest  Report,  to  certain  provisions  of  the 
public  library  law  of  this  State  that  might 
advantageously  be  repealed  or  amended.  For 
instance,  under  the  existing  law  the  largest 
unit  that  may  levy  a  library  tax  is  the  town- 
ship ;  but  there  are  seventeen  counties  in 
Illinois  that  have  no  township  organization, 
and  that  have  no  villages  large  enough  and 
wealthy  enough  to  maintain  libraries,  so  that 
the  inhabitants,  outside  the  cities  having  pub- 
lic libraries,  are  dependent  on  the  very  inade- 
quate travelling  library  system  for  most  of 
their  reading  matter.  A  county  library  law 
is  needed,  and  is  asked  for;  also  a  law,  analo- 
gous to  that  governing  the  township  high 
school,  which  would  permit  adjoining  town- 
ships to  unite  for  the  support  of  a  library. 
This  would  especially  aid  villages  situated  in 
parts  of  two  townships  and  unable  under  pres- 
ent restrictions  to  maintain  any  sort  of  public 
library,  whereas  the  combined  resources  of  the 
two  adjacent  townships  would  suffice  for  the 
purpose.  At  the  time  of  the  issue  of  the 
Report  hope  was  entertained  that  legislative 
action  in  the  desired  direction  might  soon  be 

taken. 

•  •    • 

A   NEW   DEPARTMENT   OF   STATE   ARCHIVES   is 

one  of  the  by-products  of  militarism  in  Ger- 
many. With  characteristic  thoroughness  the 
government  has  organized  a  "  film  corps  "  to 
procure  cinematographic  records  of  current 
military  operations.  Though  some  of  these 
films  will  contribute  to  the  edification  of  the 
masses,  as  represented  by  the  frequenters  of 
the  moving-picture  theatres,  many  will  go  to 
swell  the  "  film  archives,"  already  numbering 
more  than  two  thousand  "  reels."  This  graphic 
record  of  battles  and  other  events  and  aspects 


THE   DIAL 


[ June  10 


of  the  war  is  a  thing  wonderful  in  itself,  how- 
ever fraught  with  lamentable  significance,  and 
points  the  way  to  future  and  worthier  uses  of 
the  same  method  of  preserving  for  all  time 
(barring  accidents)  history  in  the  process  of 
making.  Incidentally,  the  need  will  be  em- 
phasized of  fireproof  buildings  for  archive 
purposes,  unless  some  material  indestructible 
by  fire  shall  take  the  place  of  the  present 
inflammable  film. 

•    •    • 

A    CLASSIC    AUTHOR    IN    HIS    OWN    LIFETIME, 

President  Wilson  has  the  gratification  of 
seeing  one  of  his  carefully  prepared  and  de- 
servedly admired  speeches  adopted  for  educa- 
tional use  as  a  model  of  choice  English  in  the 
public  schools  of  Philadelphia.  The  address 
in  question  is  the  one  he  delivered  on  the 
tenth  of  May  before  an  audience  of  newly 
naturalized  citizens  in  New  York.  From  the 
reported  utterances  of  Philadelphia  school- 
teachers it  appears  that  this  action  on  the 
part  of  Superintendent  Jacobs  has  been  heart- 
ily applauded.  Cheerful  acquiescence  at  the 
White  House  is  to  be  taken  for  granted,  since 
next  to  the  writing  of  a  nation's  songs  the 
privilege  of  contributing  to  its  school  reading- 
books  must  be  held  in  high  esteem ;  and  when 
the  contributor  also  assists  very  conspicu- 
ously in  making  that  nation's  laws,  what  a 
piling  up  of  honors  do  we  behold ! 


COMMUNICATION. 

AN  AGGRIEVED  SHAKESPEAREAN 

COMMENTATOR. 
(To  the  Editor  of  THE  DIAL.) 

In  a  review  of  my  book,  "  Some  Textual  Diffi- 
culties in  Shakespeare,"  published  in  your  issue  of 
April  15  last,  the  writer  repeatedly  holds  me  up  to 
scorn  for  referring  to  Nerissa  as  a  "  maid  "  in  the 
sense  of  being  a  lady's-maid  or  household  subordi- 
nate. If  there  is  a  reader  of  THE  DIAL  who  does 
not  know  that  this  was  Nerissa's  position,  let  me 
suggest  that  before  accepting  the  statements  of 
this  abusive  review  he  refresh  his  memory  by 
turning  to  some  good  commentator  on  Shakespeare 
or  else  by  reading  the  play  itself.  The  lines  in 
question  are  as  follows: 

"  My  eyes,  my  lord,  can  look  as  swift  as  yours; 
You  saw  the  mistress,  I  beheld  the  maid." 

Shakespeare  works  by  apposition  —  mistress  — 
maid.  Now  if,  as  your  critic  claims,  Nerissa  is 
being  referred  to  merely  as  an  unmarried  woman, 
and  if  she  is  not  a  household  subordinate  at  all, 
then  we  have  got  to  take  the  word  applied  to 
Portia  in  an  apposite  sense.  We  then  have  the 
lovely  Portia  being  referred  to  as  a  "  mistress  "  in 
that  sense  while  she  was  as  yet  unmarried! 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  your  critic  is  so  wholly 
engaged  in  finding  fault  with  me,  in  four  pages  of 


vituperation,  that  he  entirely  fails  to  see  the  ridic- 
ulous straits  into  which  his  efforts  are  leading  him. 
If  he  had  any  ability  to  read  a  line  of  Shakespeare 
this  would  have  been  impossible  —  even  though  he 
had  never  read  the  play. 

He  says  there  is  "  no  excuse "  for  my  taking 
Nerissa  to  be  a  "  maid  "  in  the  sense  that  I  do. 
Let  us  refer  him  to  "  Familiar  Talks  on  Some  of 
Shakespeare's  Comedies  "  (Boston,  1897).  "Nerissa 
is  a  lady-in-waiting  but  somewhat  kitchen-minded." 
Or  again :  "  Nerissa,  her  lady-in-waiting,  is  quick- 
witted, kindly,  and  deeply  attached  to  the  sweet 
heiress,  but  throughout  we  feel  her  inferiority  of 
nature  to  be  greater  than  her  inferiority  of  posi- 
tion." Everybody  knows  that. 

True  enough,  Nerissa  was  a  woman  of  quality, 
but  this  did  not  prevent  her  from  serving  in  such 
a  position  to  the  rich  nobleman's  daughter.  As  to 
my  "excuse"  for  calling  the  woman  of  quality  a 
"maid,"  I  must  point  out  that  it  is  Shakespeare 
who  chose  the  word.  Your  critic  is  finding  fault 
with  Shakespeare.  All  his  fine  scorn  must  apply 
to  the  Bard  of  Avon  and  not  to  me. 

He  is  equally  wroth  that  I  should  call  Gratiano 
Bassanio's  "  man."  He  will  not  allow  a  nobleman 
to  be  so  traduced.  But  look  at  the  above  lines, 
where  Gratiano  addresses  Bassanio  as  "  my  lord." 
Your  critic  evidently  thinks  that  these  words  refer 
to  Bassanio  merely  as  a  nobleman,  and  that  Grati- 
ano was  equally  a  lord.  Does  he  not  know  that 
Bassanio  took  Gratiano  along  and  paid  his  ex- 
penses? In  fact,  it  is  necessary  to  the  whole  struc- 
ture of  the  play  that  these  two  lovers,  Nerissa  and 
Gratiano,  should  be  subordinate  to  the  mistress  and 
master  who  were  the  principal  lovers.  Your  critic 
not  only  does  not  understand  the  Shakespearean 
vocabulary  but  has  no  appreciation  of  the  plot. 

Possibly,  too,  your  readers  would  be  interested 
in  the  following.  The  critic  says,  in  summing  up 
his  view  of  one  of  my  solutions :  "  It  is  a  pity  that 
our  author  has  omitted  to  specify  to  an  admiring 
world  in  what  respect  a  bullet  or  leaden  messenger 
of  death  is  invulnerable  and  unconquerable."  The 
chapter  he  refers  to,  which  occupies  but  three 
pages,  is  wholly  engaged  in  showing,  in  as  plain 
English  as  I  know  how  to  use,  that  it  is  the  air 
which  is  unconquerable,  invulnerable.  I  would  not 
think  of  making  such  a  claim  as  he  attributes  to  me. 
It  would  be  ridiculous.  Is  not  the  following  plain 
English :  "And  so  '  still-peering  air '  regards  the 
atmosphere  as  always  and  ever  the  equal  of  these 
leaden  missiles  of  war  —  inconquerable,  invulner- 
able "  ?  As  I  have  said,  the  chapter  dealing  with 
this  crux  occupies  but  three  pages,  and  it  makes  it 
plain  that  I  am  referring  to  the  air  as  invulnerable, 
even  though  the  above  quoted  sentence  were  not 
clear.  Cannot  your  critic  read  the  chapter  he 
criticizes  ? 

In  dealing  with  one  of  my  notes  on  "  Hamlet," 
this  critic  says :  "  We  challenge  Mr.  Stewart  to 
name  a  single  editor,  critic,  or  commentator  who 
gives  the  above  paraphrase  of  the  Captain's  words." 
He  is  referring  to  my  own  interpretation  or  para- 
phrase. This  is  a  peculiar  remark  to  make  about 
a  book  whose  only  object  is  to  submit  original  inter- 
pretations. In  other  words,  I  write  a  book  on  those 
famous  cruxes  which  have  baffled  commentators  for 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


455 


nearly  two  centuries,  and  I  submit  solutions  which 
I  think  will  clear  up  the  difficulty.  All  solutions 
in  the  past  have  failed  to  satisfy,  therefore  I  take 
up  the  work.  Necessarily,  if  I  am  to  satisfy  the 
minds  of  commentators,  it  must  be  with  some  new 
insight.  It  would  be  folly  for  me  to  submit  any  of 
the  stock  theories  which  have  all  proved  futile. 
And  submitting  such  a  solution  I  am  met  with  the 
challenge  to  show  that  any  other  commentator  had 
ever  submitted  the  same  interpretation !  I  should 
say  not!  It  would  be  more  in  keeping  for  me  to 
challenge  Mr.  Tannenbaum,  the  reviewer,  to  prove 
that  anyone  ever  had.  I  do  not  understand  the 
type  of  mind  that  feels  called  upon  to  write  this 
sort  of  book  reviews.  This  Mr.  Tannenbaum,  about 
whom  I  know  nothing,  "  challenges "  me.  Why 
challenge  me?  It  is  a  critic's  function  simply  to 
review  a  book. 

Besides  convicting  me  of  "  unwarranted  cock- 
sureness  "  and  "  longwindedness  "  and  "juvenility  " 
and  "  contempt,"  and  using  almost  every  sort  of 
sarcasm  and  opprobrious  epithet  that  could  be 
worked  into  a  four-page  review,  he  speaks  of  my 
"  overloud  thunderings  in  the  index."  As  a  matter 
of  fact  the  little  book  has  no  foreword  or  preface 
or  introduction  of  any  kind.  The  index  is  simply 
two  and  one-half  pages  of  alphabetically  arranged 
reference  to  characters  and  subjects  in  the  plays. 

The  review  is  very  misleading;  and  it  is  so  full 
of  error  that  I  could  hardly  straighten  it  out  in  a 
reader's  mind  if  I  were  to  take  twenty  pages  of 
THE  DIAL.  The  best  answer  I  can  make  to  the 
critic's  challenge  is  the  following:  The  book  bears 
the  imprint  of  Yale  and  of  Oxford,  and  is  issued 
under  the  sponsorship  of  the  Elizabethan  Club  of 
Yale.  The  Yale  Press,  of  Yale  University,  gave 
the  solutions  three  months  of  painstaking  consid- 
eration. It  was  referred  to  Yale  by  the  most 
eminent  authority  at  Harvard  —  which  had  not  yet 
established  its  press.  Previous  to  that,  some  of  the 
solutions  had  been  favorably  commented  upon  by 
Shakespearean  authority  in  New  York.  And  not 
one  of  these  do  I  know  personally,  nor  have  I  ever 
met  them. 

Your  critic  says,  in  accounting  for  my  astound- 
ing presumption  in  explaining  these  cruxes,  that 
I  was  probably  led  into  it  by  "  the  ill-advised 
flattery  of  friends."  As  a  matter  of  fact  I  have 
lived  for  eight  years  three  and  a  half  miles  from 
even  the  smallest  town  on  a  lake  in  Wisconsin.  I 
do  not  belong  to  a  literary  club  nor  have  any 
literary  associations;  nor  was  I,  during  the  time 
I  was  devoting  to  Shakespeare,  in  contact  with 
anyone  capable  of  advising  me  or  offering  me  any 
encouragement.  And  all  the  letters  I  received  from 
publishers  in  the  east  discouraged  and  advised 
against  my  attempting  such  a  work.  It  was  re- 
garded as  impossible ;  and  a  work  that  would  pay 
no  profit  under  any  circumstances.  I  mention  this 
as  showing  how  greatly  a  critic  like  Mr.  Tannen- 
baum can  be  mistaken  in  passing  upon  authors. 

As  to  my  presumption  in  undertaking  explana- 
tions in  which  all  critics  have  failed.  The  first 
solution  which  I  made  in  "  Hamlet "  has  already 
changed  the  text  of  that  play.  I  refer  to  Polonius's 
reply  to  the  King  in  II.,  2,  45.  I  changed  the 
wording  in  that  line,  explaining  the  reason ;  and 


Professor  Neilson,  of  Harvard,  whose  "Cambridge  " 
edition  is  recognized  as  the  latest  product  of 
Shakespearean  scholarship,  asked  my  permission, 
through  his  publishers,  to  adopt  my  change  in  the 
line  in  "  Hamlet."  In  rendering  it  as  I  do,  and 
according  to  the  First  Folio,  I  am  differing  with 
every  editor  or  commentator  for  two  hundred 
years.  But  if  my  explanation  at  last  makes  the 
sense  plain,  and  it  is  gladly  adopted,  am  I  to 
refuse  to  do  such  work  simply  because  it  is  "  pre- 
sumptuous "  to  differ  with  others?  Such  a  work 
as  this  will  never  pay  in  money;  and  very  slowly 
in  fame.  Criticism  can  neither  hurt  nor  help  the 
author.  CHARLES  D.  STEWART. 

Madison,  Wis.,  June  2,  1915. 

[After  a  careful  perusal  and  consideration 
of  Mr.  Stewart's  complaint  about  my  review 
of  his  book,  I  can  only  say  that  I  have  nothing 
to  retract  from  my  criticism.  He  credits  me, 
quite  incorrectly,  with  the  statement  that 
Nerissa  is  termed  a  "maid"  because  she  is 
unmarried.  He  continually  speaks  of  Nerissa 
as  a  maid  in  the  modern  sense  of  the  word 
because  he  opposes  her  to  Gratiano  as  Bassa- 
nio's  "  man,"  that  is,  servant.  My  objection  to 
Mr.  Stewart's  comments  was  not  because  he 
refers  to  Nerissa  as  a  lady's  maid  but  because 
he  speaks  of  her  as  a  servant.  On  p.  300  I 
pointed  out  that  Gratiano's  word  "maid"  is 
not  the  same  as  Mr.  Stewart's.  In  the  passage 
quoted  by  Mr.  Stewart,  "mistress"  means  a 
lady  who  rules  or  has  control  over  a  household, 
not  one  who  employs  servants;  and  "maid" 
means  a  lady-in-waiting,  a  maid  of  honor. 
Nerissa's  service,  like  that  of  all  maids  of 
honor,  was  only  technical.  Gratiano's  ad- 
dressing Bassanio  as  "my  lord"  no  more 
proves  he  was  the  latter's  "man"  than  Cas- 
sius's  addressing  Brutus  so  proves  Cassius 
to  have  been  an  underling.  Bassanio  did  not 
pay  Gratiano's  expenses,  Mr.  Stewart  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding.  Moreover,  Gra- 
tiano is  not  a  nobleman,  only  a  gentleman. 
Again,  if  the  air  is  the  equal  of  the  leaden 
missiles  of  war  in  being  unconquerable  and 
invulnerable,  I  still  want  to  know  in  what 
sense  bullets  are  unconquerable  and  invulner- 
able. Finally,  Mr.  Stewart  very  indignantly 
maintains  that  I  refer  to  one  of  his  own  inter- 
pretations of  a  passage  in  "  Hamlet "  as  if  it- 
were  the  interpretation  of  the  commentators. 
This  is  perfectly  characteristic  of  his  method. 
As  to  that  passage,  this  is  what  Mr.  Stewart 
wrote :  "According  to  the  generally  accepted 
interpretation,  the  Captain  is  supposed  to  be 
saying,"  etc.  If  his  paraphrase  is  the  gener- 
ally accepted  one,  it  is  not  his,  and  I  had  a 
right  to  challenge  him  to  name  a  single  editor, 
critic,  or  commentator  who  so  paraphrased  the 
Captain. —  THE  REVIEWER.] 


456 


THE   DIAL 


[ June  10 


CROWDING  MEMORIES  or  A  TJITERARY 
LIFE.* 

As  a  magnet  attracts  iron-filings,  so  do  some 
men  acquire  a  multitude  of  interesting  little 
experiences  that  come  to  them  as  naturally  and 
abundantly  as  the  filings  to  the  magnet.  Of 
such  men,  in  the  literary  walks  of  life,  is  Mr. 
Douglas  Sladen,  prolific  and  versatile  author 
of  innumerable  books,  extensive  traveller  in 
all  the  continents  and  some  of  the  islands  of 
the  globe,  shrewd  and  humorous  observer  of 
men  and  manners,  and  everywhere  and  always, 
apparently,  what  in  the  expressive  slang  of 
to-day  would  be  called  "  a  good  mixer."  The 
persons  of  note  whom  he  has  not  met  and 
mingled  with  might  almost  be  said  to  be  not 
worth  meeting,  or  such  is  the  first  impression 
received  upon  turning  the  very  entertaining 
and,  in  no  reprehensible  sense,  very  personal 
pages  of  his  omnium  gatherum  of  reminis- 
cence and  anecdote,  "  Twenty  Years  of  My 
Life."  With  almost  excessive  restraint  as  an 
autobiographer,  he  limits  the  systematic  re- 
hearsal of  his  own  life  to  a  few  short  chapters, 
and  devotes  the  bulk  of  his  book  to  other  peo- 
ple's lives,  or  to  some  brief  and  characteristic 
snatches  of  them  as  they  have  come  into  juxta- 
position with  his  own.  And  yet  he  is  frankly 
though  inoffensively  conscious  of  his  own 
importance  in  the  world  wherein  he  moves,  as 
appears  in  such  passages  as  this  from  his  open- 
ing chapter :  "At  Cheltenham  I  was  the  most 
prominent  boy  of  my  time,  and  the  prestige 
with  which  I  came  up  from  school  gave  me  a 
certain  momentum  at  Oxford.  So  I  went  out 
to  Australia  with  a  very  good  opinion  of  Pub- 
lic Schools,  of  Oxford,  and  myself." 

His  going  to  Australia  was  due  largely  to 
his  father's  having  a  brother  there,  Sir  Charles 
Sladen,  at  one  time  prime  minister  of  Victoria 
and  afterward  leader  of  the  Upper  House  and 
of  the  Constitutional  Party  in  that  colony; 
and  it  was  in  the  course  of  that  early  Austra- 
lian visit  that  Mr.  Sladen  obtained  admission 
to  the  bar  and  was  appointed  professor  of 
modern  history  at  the  University  of  Sydney, 
an  appointment  that  came  to  him  in  conse- 
quence of  his  having  received  highest  honors 
in  history  at  Oxford  a  few  years  before.  But 
one  year  in  this  academic  chair  was  sufficient 
to  convince  him  that  it  was  not  the  seat  exactly 
made  to  his  measure.  Though  three  volumes 
of  verse  had  come  from  his  pen  and  enjoyed 
as  much  local  success  as  could  have  been; 

*  TWENTY  YEARS  OF  MY  LIFE.  By  Douglas  Sladen.  With 
four  colored  illustrations  and  twelve  portraits  by  Yoshio 
Markino.  New  York :  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co. 


expected,  he  longed  for  the  wider  literary 
opportunities  of  his  native  London ;  and  so  in 
1884,  with  the  sanguine  outlook  proper  to  his 
twenty-eight  years,  he  returned  to  England 
and  began  in  earnest  the  pursuit  of  literature 
for  a  livelihood.  Some  idea  of  his  educational 
equipment  may  be  gained  from  his  own  words 
referring  to  that  early  time,  words  that  make 
one  envy  the  fulness  and  accuracy  of  his  classi- 
cal and  historical  knowledge.  He  says : 

"As  an  author,  I  have  found  the  education  I 
was  given  and  gave  myself  a  very  useful  founda- 
tion. Those  ten  years  I  gave  to  the  study  of  Latin 
and  Greek  and  classical  history  and  mythology 
were  not  thrown  away,  because  I  have  written  so 
many  books  about  Italy  and  Sicily  and  Egypt,  in 
which  having  the  classics  at  my  fingers'  ends  made 
me  understand  the  history,  and  the  allusions  in  the 
materials  I  had  to  digest." 

Omnivorous  and  rapid  in  his  reading,  he  had 
been  able  at  Cheltenham,  according  to  his  own 
account,  to  read  "  every  book  in  the  College 
library,"  besides  being  (with  a  generous  use  of 
capitals)  "  Senior  Prefect,  Editor  of  the  school 
magazine,  Captain  of  Football,  and  Captain  of 
the  Rifle  Corps/'  winner  of  "  the  prize  for  the 
English  Poem"  and  many  other  prizes  and 
four  scholarships,  and  conspicuous  in  divers 
other  respects  that  need  not  here  be  enumer- 
ated. With  such  a  start  in  life,  how  could  he 
have  failed  to  attain  eminence  ? 

It  is  in  the  anecdotal  pages  devoted  to  other 
men  that  the  author  is  at  his  best;  and  the 
temptation  to  quote  freely  from  those  divert- 
ing pages  is  irresistible.  But  their  wealth  of 
matter  is  such  that  the  enjoyment  of  the  book 
itself  will  suffer  no  appreciable  diminution  by 
reason  of  this  plagiarism.  Opening  the  vol- 
ume in  the  middle,  here  is  what  we  find  set 
down  in  commemoration  of  the  late  witty 
Henry  Jeyes,  journalist : 

"  His  reputation  as  a  wit  came  up  with  him  [to 
Oxford]  from  Uppingham.  All  Uppingham  men 
could  remember  how,  when  he  was  caught  cribbing 
with  a  Bible  on  his  knee  at  a  Greek  Testament 
lesson,  and  his  class-master  had  said  to  him  tri- 
umphantly, '  What  have  you  there,  Jeyes?'  he  said, 
'A  book,  sir,  of  which  no  man  need  be  ashamed,' 
and  how  when  Thring,  the  greatest  head  master  of 
his  time,  had  asked  him  how  he  came  to  be  ploughed 
in  arithmetic  for  his  Oxford  and  Cambridge  cer- 
tificate, he  replied  from  Shakespeare,  'I  cannot 
reckon,  it  befits  the  spirit  of  a  tapster '  —  a  readi- 
ness which  Thring  would  have  been  the  first  to 
appreciate. 

"Among  the  best  things  I  remember  him  saying 
at  Oxford  are  [sic]  his  definition  of  the  Turks  in 
a  great  debate  over  the  Bulgarian  atrocities,  as  a 
people  '  whose  morals  are  as  loose  as  their  trousers, 
and  whose  vices  are  as  many  as  their  wives.'  And 
it  was  he  who  said,  '  I  don't  want  to  go  to  Heaven, 
because  Gore  (now  Bishop  of  Oxford)  is  the  only 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


457 


Trinity  man  who  will  be  there,  and  I'd  rather  be 
with  the  rest.' " 

In  another  chapter  occurs  a  passage  giving 
the  origin  of  a  noted  saying  that  has  even  more 
significance  now  than  when  it  was  uttered; 
and  the  paragraph  is  interesting  for  other  rea- 
sons also.  Speaking  of  Mrs.  Margaret  Woods, 
he  writes : 

"  She  was  one  of  the  few  charming  women  that 
the  monastic  Oxford  of  that  day  contained.  Her 
father,  afterwards  the  famous  Dean  of  West- 
minster, was  master  of  University  College;  I  used 
to  go  to  his  Socrates  lectures.  He  was  dissatisfied 
with  the  progress  we  were  making,  and  boldly  —  it 
was  very  bold  at  Oxford  —  charged  us  with  paying 
too  much  attention  to  athletics,  and  it  was  then 
that  he  made  his  famous  mot,  that  he  had  never 
taken  any  exercise  in  his  life,  except  by  occasionally 
standing  up  when  he  was  reading.  I  have  heard 
that  it  was  equally  true  of  Mr.  Chamberlain,  but  it 
was  Dean  Bradley  who  said  it.  The  Bradleys  were 
an  excessively  clever  family.  The  Dean  had  a 
brother  or  a  half-brother  a  great  philosopher,  a 
don  at  Merton,  and  another,  Andrew  Bradley,  a 
Fellow  at  Balliol,  who  became  Professor  of  Litera- 
ture at  another  University.  I  forget  what  his 
sister,  Emma  Bradley,  did,  but  she  was  famous. 
Three  of  his  daughters,  Mrs.  Woods,  Mrs.  Birch- 
enough,  Mrs.  Murray  Smith,  are  authoresses,  Mrs. 
Woods  being  one  of  the  best  novelists  of  the  day, 
and  in  my  opinion  the  best  of  all  poetesses  in  the 
English  language.  When  Tennyson  died  there  was 
a  movement  in  favour  of  her  being  made  the  lau- 
reate, and  no  woman  has  ever  had  such  claims  for 
the  post." 

Curiously  interesting  and  rather  character- 
istic of  puzzling  human  nature  is  the  fact  that 
Mr.  Sladen,  with  so  many  other  books  of  far 
greater  literary  worth  to  his  credit,  seems  to 
take  especial  pride  in  his  editorship  of  the 
first  "Who's  Who"  in  its  present  form  — 
there  had  been  an  annual  of  that  name  in 
existence  for  half  a  century  before  he  recog- 
nized, in  1897,  the  splendid  possibilities  in  its 
peculiar  title.  So  great  is  his  satisfaction  in 
this  product  of  his  editorial  industry  that  he 
calls  himself,  on  the  title-page  to  his  present 
book,  "  author  of  '  Who's  Who/  "  and  nothing 
more.  In  fact,  he  devotes  a  special  chapter  to 
the  history  of  "  How  I  Wrote  '  Who's  Who/  " 
Among  the  interesting  things  he  tells  us  about 
the  planning  of  the  work  we  quote  the  fol- 
lowing : 

"  The  idea  of  adding  '  recreations '  to  the  more 
serious  items  which  had  been  included  in  previous 
biographical  dictionaries  was  adopted  at  one  of 
the  councils  of  war  which  we  used  to  hold  in  the 
partners'  room  of  A.  &  C.  Black,  at  4  Soho  Square. 
And  for  selling  purposes  it  proved  far  and  away 
the  best  idea  in  the  whole  book,  when  it  was  pub- 
lished. The  newspapers  were  never  tired  of  quot- 
ing the  recreations  of  eminent  people,  thus  giving 
the  book  a  succession  of  advertisements  of  its 


readability,  and  shopkeepers  who  catered  for  their 
various  sports  bought  the  book  to  get  addresses  of 
the  eminent  people,  who  were,  many  of  them,  very 
indignant  at  the  Niagara  of  circulars  which  re- 
sulted." 

Of  that  sincerest  form  of  flattery  which  the 
work  has  received  in  its  many  imitations  in 
different  countries,  including  notably  our  own, 
the  complacent  author  rather  strangely  omits 
to  make  mention;  but  he  calls  attention  to 
some  of  the  useful  features  that  marked  the 
English  "Who's  Who"  in  his  day,  and  that 
have  since  disappeared  or  suffered  neglect, 
"  such  as  lists  of  peculiarly  pronounced  proper 
names,  keys  to  the  pseudonyms  of  prominent 
people,  names  of  the  editors  of  the  principal 
papers."  He  adds :  "  Some  of  the  real  names 
were  so  unreasonable  that  people  wrote  to 
know  why  they  were  not  included  in  the  lists 
of  pseudonyms;  one  of  these  was  Sir  Louis 
Forget." 

In  his  various  wanderings  Mr.  Sladen  has, 
of  course,  visited  this  country  more  than  once ; 
in  fact,  he  has  spent  months  at  a  time  in  Amer- 
ica, and  he  knows  our  celebrities  nearly  as  well 
as  those  of  his  own  land.  From  his  memories 
of  our  distinguished  men  we  select  a  passage 
concerning  one  of  the  most  famous : 

"  Bret  Harte,  though  he  was  such  a  typically 
American  writer,  spent  all  the  latter  part  of  his 
life  in  England.  I  first  met  him  at  Rudolph  Leh- 
mann's  hospitable  dinner-table.  No  one  could  fail 
to  be  struck  with  Bret  Harte.  He  was  so  alert,  so 
handsome,  and  though  his  plumes  —  his  hair  was 
thick  and  sleek  to  the  day  he  died  —  were  of  an 
exquisite  snow-white,  he  had  a  healthy,  fresh-col- 
oured face,  and  a  slender,  youthful  figure,  always- 
dressed  like  a  well-off  young  man.  .  .  He  re- 
tained his  vogue  to  the  end.  Any  magazine  would 
pay  him  at  the  rate  of  a  couple  of  pounds  for 
every  hundred  words.  They  used  to  say  that  the 
Bank  of  England  would  accept  his  manuscripts  as 
banknotes.  He  never  failed  to  charm,  whether  he 
was  telling  some  story  at  a  dinner-party,  or  talking- 
to  some  undistinguished  woman,  young  and  beau- 
tiful or  old  and  plain,  who  had  asked  to  be  intro- 
duced to  him  as  a  celebrity  —  and  a  celebrity 
Francis  Bret  Harte  certainly  was,  for  he  founded  a 
whole  school  in  English  literature." 

Very  naturally  and  pardonably,  a  writer 
making  such  draughts  on  his  memory  as  Mr. 
Sladen,  and  writing  so  rapidly  and  copiously, 
commits  minor  errors  of  forgetfulness  or  of 
insufficient  information.  For  instance,  in  the 
present  volume,  he  makes  John  Hay  "  Harri- 
son's Secretary  of  State,"  and,  confusing  two 
of  our  public  men,  of  unequal  prominence,  he 
refers  to  "the  beautiful  Viva  Sherman,  an 
American  nearly  related  to  the  Senator- Vice- 
President."  Less  excusably,  he  speaks  of 
Edward  FitzGerald  as  "unable  to  translate 
from  the  original "  of  Omar  Khayyam,  though 


458 


THE   DIAL 


[June  10 


FitzGerald's  published  letters  contain  fre- 
quent mention  of  his  Persian  studies  under 
Professor  Cowell's  encouragement,  and  he 
made  some  notable  translations  (not  always 
literal,  it  is  true)  from  Jami  and  Attar  as  well 
as  from  Omar. 

The  illustrations  to  the  book,  by  the  Japa- 
nese artist,  Mr.  Yoshio  Markino,  deserve  more 
than  perfunctory  mention.  Both  his  exquisite 
colored  drawings  and  his  oddly  effective  por- 
trait sketches  are  masterpieces  in  their  pecu- 
liar kind,  and  would  suffice  by  themselves  to 
give  character  to  the  volume.  Character,  how- 
ever, seems  not  to  be  lacking  to  its  author, 
whose  rambling  but  never  tedious  chapters 
will  furnish  more  entertainment  to  the  great 
public  of  "  general "  readers  than  almost  any 
other  book  of  the  season. 

PERCY  F.  BICKNELL. 


JUSTICE  FOR  THE  INDIAX.* 

Mr.  Moorehead  is  a  well  known  student  of 
American  archaeology,  and  most  of  his  writings 
have  been  in  that  field.  To  his  efforts  is  due 
the  only  department  of  American  archaeology 
in  a  preparatory  school  in  the  United  States  — 
that  of  Phillips  Academy,  Andover.  He  has 
also  for  years  been  an  active  member  of  the 
United  States  Board  of  Indian  Commissioners, 
and  in  that  capacity  has  visited  many  of  the 
Indian  reservations  and  has  participated  in 
investigations  of  conditions  in  them.  The 
present  book  is  a  result  of  this  latter  activity. 
The  author  calls  it  "  a  plea  for  justice,"  and 
every  reader  will  recognize  the  earnestness  of 
the  pleader  and  the  urgency  of  his  cause. 
Thousands  of  Americans  have  been  stirred  by 
the  reading  of  Helen  Hunt  Jackson's  "Century 
of  Dishonor,"  that  powerful  appeal  to  con- 
science; most  of  those  thousands  have  ex- 
pressed regret  and  horror  at  the  story,  and 
have  then  gone  their  way  placidly,  feeling  that 
there  was  no  remedy  for  the  matter,  that  the 
damage  was  irretrievable,  that  all  was  past  and 
what  was  done  could  not  be  undone.  But  the 
fact  is  that  wrongs  against  the  Indians  have 
continued  and  still  continue,  and  the  well- 
meaning  thousands  are  as  unconscious  of  them 
as  they  are  of  the  happenings  on  Mars, —  less 
conscious  of  them  than  they  are  of  atrocities 
in  Armenia  or  Russia.  These  same  people 
shuddered  over  highly  colored  reports  of 
Congo  horrors,  and  contributed  their  dollars 
to  aid  "reforms"  there,  but  were  oblivious  to 
the  facts  at  White  Earth  Agency  and  in  Okla- 
homa. Yet  there  is  nothing  in  Helen  Hunt 

*  THE  AMERICAN  INDIAN  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES,  1850-1914. 
By  Warren  K.  Moorehead,  A.M.  Illustrated.  Andover,  Mass. : 
The  Andover  Press. 


Jackson's  book  worse  than  these  —  nothing  in 
Armenia,  Russia,  or  Congo  that  is  more  brutal 
and  cruel.  Mr.  Moorehead  has  not  the  pen  of 
Mrs.  Jackson,  nor  her  sense  of  art  and  style; 
but  his  plea  for  justice  is  as  real,  and  his  facts, 
many  of  them  personally  gathered  at  their 
source,  are  convincing. 

Such  things  as  he  narrates  are  to  be  expected 
at  the  fringe  of  civilization.  Men  separated 
from  home  and  all  restraints,  men  living  as 
traders  or  administrators  under  trying  condi- 
tions of  climate  and  life,  men  whose  daily  life 
is  in  a  sense  piracy  or  exploitation  of  a  differ- 
ing people,  men  whose  nights  are  filled  with 
dangers  from  savage  foes, —  such  men  will  at 
times  deal  unjustly  with  natives.  But  Minne- 
sota and  Oklahoma  of  to-day  are  not  the  fringe 
of  civilization.  The  men  who  there  sin  against 
justice  and  decency  are  not  outcasts,  isolated 
and  removed  from  proper  influences.  They  are 
American  citizens;  they  are  men  in  business 
and  professional  life, —  lawyers,  real-estate 
dealers,  county  officials,  bankers,  capitalists, 
legislators;  they  not  only  know  how  to  read 
and  write,  they  are  respected,  they  attend 
churches,  they  mould  opinion,  they  are  leaders 
in  their  communities.  Yet,  for  the  sake  of 
money,  they  are  blind  to  law.  commit  crimes, 
debauch  and  degrade  their  victims  that  they 
may  plunder  and  rob.  It  is  a  story  so  inde- 
scribably sad  that  it  seems  almost  unbelievable. 
Nothing  more  clearly  show's  the  breakdown  of 
our  educational  system,  the  failure  of  our 
schools  to  develop  moral  fibre  and  to  produce 
men,  than  White  Earth  and  Oklahoma.  Can 
we  really  see  nothing  but  the  dollar?  Are  we 
without  heart  and  conscience?  Have  we  no 
sense  of  decency,  and  is  individual  honesty 
forever  gone  ?  The  dreadfulness  of  the  case  is 
not  merely  that  there  are  thousands  among  us 
who  do  such  crimes, —  it  is  that  they  do  them 
without  general  reprobation  and  execration. 
They  are  culpable;  but  the  community  that 
can  be  in  ignorance,  or  being  informed  can 
hold  its  peace,  is  equally  to  blame.  We  have 
spoken  of  White  Earth  and  Oklahoma  because 
they  are  striking  cases,  which  have  been  con- 
spicuous on  account  of  investigations;  but 
they  are  only  special  instances  among  many. 
Injustice  is  the  rule,  and  in  every  place  where 
we  have  Indians,  Mr.  Moorehead  gives  details 
covering  a  wide  field.  He  points  out  mistakes 
past  and  present,  and  warns  us  of  the  future. 
We  are  threatened  as  a  nation  with  a  more 
serious  Indian  problem  than  we  have  ever  had. 
The  Indian  to-day  is  being  individualized  and, 
in  the  process,  depraved  and  pauperized.  He 
has  never  been  a  pauper  and  a  public  charge ; 
he  is  sure  to  become  so  unless  he  is  given  jus- 
tice. He  is  to-day  impoverished,  diseased, 


1915] 


THE    DIAL 


459 


degraded.  It  is  a  suggestive  fact  that  the 
Navajo  are  to-day  the  only  considerable  body 
of  true  Indians  remaining  who  are  in  fair 
health  and  prosperity  and  with  good  outlook 

—  if  left  alone.     They  are  practically  the  only 
ones  who  have  been  left  to  follow  their  own 
free  and  natural  life. 

All  writers  draw  a  contrast  between  the 
situation  of  Indians  in  the  United  States  and 
those  in  Canada.  In  what  are  they  different  ? 
That  there  is  a  difference  proves  that  contact 
between  two  races  does  not  inexorably  lead  to 
such  a  condition  as  we  have.  Has  the  Cana- 
dian white  man  higher  ideals  than  we  ?  Is  he 
more  honest,  more  just  ?  Or  is  it  a  mere  ques- 
tion of  dollars,  and  is  he  less  hungry  for  gold 
than  we?  In  speaking  of  Canadian  policies 
regarding  Indians,  Mr.  Moorehead  says: 

"  Mr.  Duncan  C.  Scott,  who  holds  the  office  in 
Canada  corresponding  to  our  Commissioner  of 
Indian  Affairs  .  .  showed  us  a  few  thin  pamphlets 

—  all  the  regulations,  laws,  statements,  methods  of 
procedure,  etc.,  necessary  in  the  management  of 
Canadian    Indian    affairs.      With   us   we   employ 
skilled  lawyers  to  fathom  the  intent  of  our  legisla- 
tors.   They  must  delve  into  thousands  of  pages  of 
conflicting  laws,  rules  and  statutes.    And  after  one 
set  of  attorneys  have  presented  their  views,  the 
mass  of  legal  rulings  is  so  enormous  and  compli- 
cated that  other  attorneys  assigned  the  same  task 
usually  arrive  at  exactly  opposite  conclusions  from 
those  presented  by  the  first  corps!    Mr.  Scott  also 
informed  us  that  when  a  white  man  marries  an 
Indian  woman  in  Canada,  he  has  no  part  in  tribal 
or  individual  property.    The  government  issues  no 
deeds  to  Indians,  but  they  live  on  their  farms  as  do 
our  own.    All  incentive  to  graft  is  removed.    The 
simple,  effective,  Canadian  management  of  Indian 
affairs,  compared  with  our  ponderous,  complicated 
and  ignorant  handling  of  the  same  class  of  people 
in  this  country,  points  a  very  strong  moral." 

As  a  people  we  claim  to  excel  in  honesty  and 
in  practical  business  sense.  The  condition  of 
our  Indians  to-day  gives  the  lie  to  both  claims. 

FREDERICK  STARR. 


TAGORE:  POET  A*TD  MYSTIC.* 


The  award  of  the  Nobel  Prize  for  "  idealistic 
literature  "  to  Rabindranath  Tagore  suddenly 
made  him  an  international  figure.  At  that 
time  his  work  was  scarcely  known,  except  to  a 
limited  circle;  the  award  was  due,  according 
to  Mr.  Ernest  Rhys,  to  "  a  distinguished  Swe- 
dish Orientalist  who  had  read  the  poems  in 
Bengali  before  they  appeared  in  English." 

*  RABINDRANATH  TAGORE.  A  Biographical  Study.  By  Ernest 
Rhys.  New  York :  The  Macmillan  Co. 

RABINDRANATH  TAGORE.  The  Man  and  His  Poetry.  By 
Basanta  Koomar  Roy.  With  an  Introduction  by  Hamilton  W. 
Mabie.  New  York :  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co. 

SONGS  OF  KABIR.  Translated  by  Rabindranath  Tagore.  With 
Introduction  by  Evelyn  Underbill.  New  York :  The  Macmil- 
lan Co. 


Tagore  has  since  translated  a  number  of  his 
representative  books  into  English,  in  which 
the  finer  harmony  of  prose  has  been  rendered 
with  a  sensitiveness  and  refinement  rare  in  our 
Western  literature.  But  as  a  man  he  has 
remained  shadowy  to  us.  And  inasmuch  as 
circumstances  have  made  him  in  some  sort  an 
ambassador  of  the  East  to  the  West,  we  have 
come  to  desire  a  larger  body  of  biographical 
fact  concerning  him,  as  well  as  an  account  of 
his  place  in  the  traditions  of  his  own  land. 

To  fill  this  need  we  now  have  two  biogra- 
phies: one  by  Mr.  Ernest  Rhys,  a  friend  of 
the  poet,  and  temperamentally  fitted  to  appre- 
ciate him ;  the  other  by  Mr.  Basanta  Koomar 
Roy,  a  fellow  countryman  who  is  endeavoring 
to  make  his  native  land  better  understood  in 
America.  Both  biographers  have  gathered 
their  information  at  first  hand,  and  so  have 
made  their  books  authoritative ;  but  Mr.  Rhys, 
partly  because  of  his  style  and  partly  because 
of  his  merely  appreciative  and  interpretative 
role,  has  given  no  very  definite  outline  to  the 
character  of  the  poet  and  mystic.  Mr.  Roy  has 
been  more  conscious  of  the  difficulties  in  inter- 
preting the  East  to  the  West,  and  has  main- 
tained a  more  critical  poise  throughout  his 
book. 

The  impression  we  derive  from  Mr.  Roy's 
volume  is  of  a  personality  of  rich  charm  and 
great  activity.  Tagore's  varied  career  as  man- 
ager of  his  father's  country  estate,  as  poet, 
musician,  essayist,  dramatist,  novelist,  editor, 
national  leader,  and  finally  as  educator,  seems 
to  us  too  prolific  and  energetic  to  be  truly 
Oriental.  Moreover,  quotations  from  his  let- 
ters prove  him  a  keen  observer  and  thinker, 
with  decided  opinions  on  such  dangerous  sub- 
jects as  feminism,  education,  and  the  defects 
of  Americans.  "  Tagore  is  a  voracious  reader. 
Every  month  he  buys  many  books  on  litera- 
ture, philosophy,  economics,  politics,  sociology, 
and  history.  He  reads  them  all."  He  is  not 
ascetic  or  soured.  "  He  loves  the  world  as 
passionately  as  a  miser  loves  money."  It  is 
reassuring  to  the  Western  mind  to  find  a  spir- 
itual hero  so  human,  a  seer  so  practical  and 
near. 

To  rehearse  the  main  incidents  in  the  quiet 
life  of  Tagore  is  not  necessary;  they  have 
been  known  since  the  publication  of  "Gitan- 
jali"  with  Mr.  Yeats's  introduction.  But  in 
the  full  account  of  the  poet's  career  given  in 
Mr.  Roy's  book,  it  is  interesting  to  look  for 
important  points  of  contact  with  the  romanti- 
cism of  Europe.  Thus  we  read : 

"  The  realistic  love  poems  of  Tagore's  youth 
shocked  many  old-fashioned  Hindu  moralists,  who 
received  them  with  disdain.  They  were  up  in  arms 
against  Rabindranath,  thinking  that  he  was  likely 


460 


THE    DIAL 


[June  10 


to  demoralize  the  youths  of  India  by  the  sensuous- 
ness  of  his  love  poems  and  songs.  They  were 
afraid  that  he  was  going  to  introduce  the  romanti- 
cism of  the  West,  of  Byron  and  Shelley,  in  India, 
and  to  depart  from  the  classic  serenity  of  Indian 
literary  treatment  of  the  human  passions." 

In  his  love  of  nature,  also,  he  wins  at  once 
the  sympathy  of  those  who  have  been  nour- 
ished on  Wordsworth.  How  near  he  ap- 
proaches the  nature  worship  of  European 
romanticists  may  be  seen  from  a  letter  written 
in  his  youth  from  a  house-boat  on  the  Padma 
River,  where  he  was  superintending  his  fath- 
er's estate: 

"  Truly,  I  love  this  Padma  River  very  dearly,  it 
is  so  wild,  so  undomesticated.  I  feel  like  riding  on 
its  back  and  patting  it  caressingly  on  its  neck.  .  . 
I  no  more  like  to  take  a  part  before  the  footlights 
of  the  stage  of  publicity.  I  rather  feel  like  doing 
my  duty  in  silent  solitude  amid  these  transparent 
days  that  we  have  here.  .  .  Here  man  is  insignifi- 
cant, but  nature  great  and  imposing.  The  things 
we  see  around  us  are  of  such  a  nature  that  one  can- 
not create  to-day,  mend  to-morrow  and  throw  them 
off  the  day  after.  These  things  stand  permanent, 
amidst  birth  and  death,  action  and  inaction,  change 
and  changelessness.  When  I  come  to  the  country- 
side I  do  not  look  upon  man  as  anything  separate" 
from  nature.  Just  as  rivers  flow  by  through  many 
strange  lands,  similarly  the  current  of  humanity, 
too,  is  incessantly  following  its  zig-zag  path 
through  dense  forests,  lonely  meadows,  and 
crowded  cities,  always  accompanied  by  its  divine 
music.  It  is  not  quite  right  to  make  the  river  sing, 
1  Man  may  come,  man  may  go,  but  I  go  on  forever ' 
—  for  man,  too,  is  going  on  forever  with  his  thou- 
sand branches  and  tributaries.  He  has  his  one  end 
attached  to  the  root  of  birth,  and  the  other  to  the 
ocean  of  death  —  both  enveloped  in  the  mysterious 
darkness;  and  between  these  two  extremes  lie  life, 
labour  and  love." 

Such  evidences  of  parallel  movements  of 
romanticism  in  the  East  and  the  West  seem 
even  more  conclusive  when  we  read  that 
"  Raja  Ram  Mohun  Roy,  the  father  of  modern 
India,  introduced  an  age  of  reform  in  India. 
Well  versed  in  the  literature  of  the  East  and 
of  the  West,  he  strove  to  unite  the  cultural  life 
of  both  for  mutual  benefit.  With  his  towering 
genius  he  handled  the  social,  political,  relig- 
ious, and  literary  life  with  the  hand  of  a 
master.  .  .  At  his  death,  he  left  a  unique 
worker  as  his  intellectual  descendant,  De-ben- 
dranath  Tagore,  the  father  of  Rabindranath." 
Frequently  Rabindranath  Tagore  is  praised 
for  uniting  the  wisdom  of  the  East  and  the 
West,  and  so  being  able  to  see  the  defects  of 
both.  One  begins  to  wonder  if  the  whole 
national  renaissance  of  India  was  due  to 
European  stimulus. 

But  the  Hindus  see  that  materialism  and 
luxury  are  dominant  in  our  civilization,  and 
by  their  clear  vision  are  defended  against  our 


influence.  "  I  am  afraid,"  wrote  Tagore, 
"that  the  present-day  civilization  of  Europe 
is  imperceptibly  extending  the  arid  zone  in  its 
'  social  life.  The  super-abundance  of  luxuries 
is  smothering  the  soul  of  the  home  —  home 
that  is  the  very  abode  of  love,  tenderness,  and 
beneficence  —  a  thing  that  is,  above  all,  most 
essential  for  the  healthy  development  of  the 
human  heart.  In  Europe  homes  are  disap- 
pearing and  hotels  are  increasing  in  number." 
In  a  letter  he  once  wrote  that  "  as  the  streets 
in  the  European  cities  are  made  of  hard  stone, 
brick  and  mortar,  to  be  made  fit  for  commerce 
and  transportation,  so  the  human  heart  be- 
comes hardened  and  best  suited  for  business. 
In  the  hard  pavement  of  their  heart  there  is 
not  the  slightest  opening  for  a  tender  tendril, 
or  a  single  blade  of  useless  grass  to  grow. 
Everything  is  made  bare  and  strong." 

Contact  with  European  civilization  has,  of 
course,  had  a  liberating  influence  on  Tagore. 
But  his  true  antecedents  are  members  of  the 
great  poetical  and  religious  tradition  of  India. 
In  his  poetry  of  nature  he  was  deeply  influ- 
enced by  the  Vaishnava  poets  of  the  fifteenth 
and  sixteenth  centuries,  "  even  though,"  says 
Mr.  Roy,  "in  the  poems  of  Tagore  the  love 
fervour  of  the  Vaishnava  poets  fades  a  little." 
In  his  devotional  and  religious  poetry  he  was 
profoundly  influenced  by  Kabir,  Chandidas, 
and  Joy  Dev.  In  the  translations  which  he 
himself  has  given  us  of  the  songs  of  Kabir,  the 
fifteenth  century  mystic  and  poet,  we  find  the 
same  religious  universalism,  the  same  accep- 
tance of  actual  life,  as  in  the  work  of  Tagore. 
Kabir  was  a  Mohammedan  youth  who  was 
admitted  to  discipleship  by  the  great  Hindu 
teacher  Ramananda,  even  though  a  Mohamme- 
dan, a  weaver,  a  simple  and  unlettered  man. 
"Hating  mere  bodily  austerities,  he  was  no 
ascetic,  but  a  married  man,  the  father  of  a 
family  —  a  circumstance  which  Hindu  legends 
of  the  monastic  type  vainly  attempt  to  conceal 
or  explain  —  and  it  was  from  out  of  the  heart 
of  the  common  life  that  he  sang  his  rapturous 
lyrics  of  divine  love."  This  disregard  for  the 
letter  of  the  law,  however,  is  not  popular  in 
India,  and  the  religious  songs  of  Tagore  are 
not  the  songs  of  the  masses.  "  The  masses 
have  no  comprehension  of  the  Brahmo  Somaj 
—  the  religious  Unitarians  of  Hindusthan.  .  . 
One  might  sing  Tagore's  religious  songs  to  a 
Bengali  farmer,  but  he  would  listen  unmoved ; 
and  might  even  ask  the  singer  to  stop  if  he 
happened  to  detect  it  to  be  a  Brahmo  song. 
The  orthodox  hatred  for  Brahmo  disregard  for 
Hindu  mythology  is  very  intense." 

It  is  interesting  to  note  from  Mr.  Roy's  book 
that  admiration  for  Tagore  is  much  more  criti- 
cal and  reserved  in  India  than  in  England  and 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


461 


America.  His  countrymen  admit  his  great- 
ness, but  not  that  he  is  the  greatest  Bengali 
poet  for  many  centuries,  as  is  sometimes 
nastily  said.  One  literary  Bengali  in  America 
commented :  "  If  Mr.  Tagore  had  ever  at- 
tempted to  write  profound  books  like  '  Raiba- 
tak  '  or  '  Kurukshetra '  of  Nabin  Chandra  Sen, 
his  lyric  brain  would  have  burst  before  finish- 
ing even  one  canto  of  either."  Another  said : 
"  His  love  lyrics  are  poor  imitations  of  the 
poems  of  our  Vaishnava  poets  of  old,  and  his 
philosophy  is  the  philosophy  of  the  Upani- 
shads.  Let  the  Europeans  and  the  Americans 
rave  over  Tagore.  But  there  is  nothing  new 
for  us  in  his  writings."  Tagore  himself  pleads 
guilty  to  dabbling  with  too  many  things: 
"  I  am  like  a  coquettish  lady  that  wants  to 
please  all  her  lovers,  and  is  afraid  to  lose  a 
single  one.  I  do  not  want  to  disappoint  any 
of  the  Muses."  Nevertheless  "no  other  lit- 
erary man  in  Bengal  has  done  so  well  in  so 
many  things.  Even  the  most  adverse  critics 
of  Tagore  are  bound  to  admit  that  he  has 
adorned  every  department  of  Bengali  litera- 
ture by  his  transcendent  genius."  .Pie  has 
become  a  representative,  especially  in  poetry, 
of  the  Bengali  renaissance  which  is  saving  the 
classical  culture  of  India.  "  He  was  needed  in 
India  as  Dante  was  needed  in  Italy,  Shakes- 
peare in  England,  and  Goethe  in  Germany." 
In  seeking  to  define  and  estimate  the  signifi- 
cance of  Tagore  for  the  West,  it  is  interesting 
to  recall  that  poetry  had  been  drifting  in  the 
direction  of  mysticism  before  Tagore  became 
known  to  us.  "  These  lyrics,"  wrote  Mr. 
Yeats  in  his  preface  to  "  Gitanjali,"  "  display 
in  their  thought  a  world  I  have  dreamed  of  all 
my  life  long."  Poetry  had  sought  to  become 
a  symbol,  a  musical  suggestion.  And  so  we 
were  prepared  to  understand  an  art  which 
proceeds,  not  by  definition  and  outline,  after 
the  Greek  manner,  but  by  suggestion  and  sym- 
bolism. But  it  is  out  of  the  question  that  the 
main  body  of  our  poetry  and  art  should  ever 
become  merely  suggestive  and  mystical;  the 
hold  of  the  Greek  spirit  on  us  is  too  great; 
Phidias  and  Plato  make  us  afraid  of  intellec- 
tual twilight,  of  emotional  dissipation.  In  one 
respect,  however,  the  literature  and  life  of  the 
Orient  are  a  deep  challenge  to  our  civilization. 
"  If  I  work  in  my  garden  and  prune  an  apple- 
tree,"  wrote  Emerson,  "  I  am  well  enough 
entertained,  and  could  continue  indefinitely  in 
the  like  occupation.  But  it  comes  to  mind  that 
a  day  is  gone,  and  I  have  got  this  precious 
nothing  done."  It  is  characteristic  of  our 
civilization,  however,  that  we  continue  the 
activity  without  reflecting  upon  its  vacuity. 
"We  are  not  happy  unless  active.  Hindu 
poetry  should  reveal  to  us  that  the  lack  of  a 


core  of  thought  accounts  for  the  fatuity  of  our 
religious  efforts,  the  charlatanism  in  our  cul- 
ture, the  restlessness  and  materialism  of  our 
life.  "You  people  over  here,"  Tagore  once 
remarked  to  Mr.  Rhys,  "  seem  to  me  to  be  all 
in  a  state  of  continual  stj^fe.  It  is  all  strug- 
gling, hard  striving  to  live.  There  is  no  place 
for  rest,  or  peace  of  mind,  or  that  meditative 
relief  which  in  our  country  we  feel  to  be 
needed  for  the  health  of  our  spirits."  When- 
the  Nobel  Prize  was  awarded  to  him,  he  gave 
all  the  money  to  his  remarkable  school  at 
Shanti  Niketan;  but,  overwhelmed  by  pub- 
licity, he  wrote,  "  They  have  taken  away  my 
shelter."  Louis  I.  BREDVOLD. 


A  SCIENTIFIC  BAEDEKER  or  THE  WEST.* 

A  telling  example  of  the  effectiveness  of 
cooperative  effort  in  book-making  is  given  in 
the  volume  entitled  "Nature  and  Science  on 
the  Pacific  Coast,"  a  well-balanced  treatise  by 
no  less  than  thirty  authors,  each  an  authority 
on  the  subject  about  which  he  has  written. 
This  handbook  is  planned  for  use  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  meetings  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Advancement  of  Science  to  be 
held  in  August  of  this  year  in  connection  with 
the  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition. 
The  volume  will,  however,  be  of  value  long 
after  the  palaces  by  the  Golden  Gate  have  van- 
ished into  memories,  for  it  is  an  epitome  of  the 
enduring  natural  phenomena  of  the  West. 

Though  professedly  written  for  the  scien- 
tific traveller,  it  is  not  a  technical  treatise 
for  specialists,  but  rather  a  presentation  by 
specialists,  each  of  his  own  field,  for  the  use 
and  enjoyment  of  all  the  others.  It  is  there- 
fore largely  freed  of  technicalities  wherever 
possible,  and  condensed  to  a  minimum  space. 
Would  that  all  books  of  information  were  as 
innocent  of  superfluous  padding !  It  is  rather 
a  rich  mine  of  information  tersely  told,  with- 
out effort  to  adorn  or  to  exploit  the  resources 
of  this  interesting  land  for  the  tourist  or  the 
prospective  purchaser  of  town  lot  or  orchard. 
It  seeks  merely  to  direct  the  attention  of  the 
intelligent  traveller  to  those  physical  features 
of  the  Coast  which  it  may  be  worth  his  while 
to  understand. 

The  range  of  information  included  in  the 
thirty-one  chapters  may  be  inferred  from  such 
sub-titles  as  Professor  Kellogg's  "Burbank's 
Gardens,"  an  account  of  the  constructive  work 
of  this  wizard  among  flowers  and  fruits;  or 

*  NATURE  AND  SCIENCE  ON  THE  PACIFIC  COAST.  A  Guide- 
book for  Scientific  Travellers  in  the  West.  Edited  under  the 
Auspices  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Committee  of  the  American 
Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science.  Illustrated. 
San  Francisco:  Paul  Elder  &  Co. 


462 


THE   DIAL 


[June  10 


Professor  Teggart's  "  The  Approaches  to  the 
Pacific  Coast,"  an  illuminating  historical  pre- 
sentation of  the  problem,  both  local  and  inter- 
national, of  Oriental  immigration ;  or  Profes- 
sor Howard's  "  Outdoor  Life  and  the  Fine 
Arts,"  a  sympathetic  account  of  the  utilization 
in  this  land  of  sunshine  of  the  out-of-doors  for 
plays,  festivals,  tournaments,  and  pageantry, 
with  a  list  of  over  fifty  such  occasions  distribu- 
ted throughout  the  year.  In  "  Literary  Land- 
marks of  the  Pacific  Coast,"  Professor  Seward 
retraces  the  footsteps  of  Bret  Harte,  Robert 
Louis  Stevenson,  Helen  Hunt  Jackson,  and 
Joaquin  Miller.  Other  chapters  deal  with 
"Mountaineering  in  the  High  Sierras,"  with 
legal  and  political  developments,  with  the 
Spanish  settlements  and  the  old  missions,  and 
with  the  history  of  the  Panama  Canal. 

The  main  theme  of  the  book,  however,  is 
Nature  and  her  utilization  by  man ;  hence  the 
discussions  of  mines  and  mining,  of  the  petro- 
leum industry,  of  irrigation  and  hydro-electric 
developments,  of  the  chemical  resources  and 
industries,  and  of  the  exceedingly  varied  agri- 
cultural resources  and  activities.  Various  spe- 
cialists deal  with  climate  and  its  causes  in 
oceanic  circulation,  with  the  physiographic 
geography  and  the  geology  of  the  West,  and 
even  with  the  earthquakes  which  San  Fran- 
cisco newspapers  are  wont  to  record  —  else- 
where. Other  chapters  treat  of  interesting 
and  significant  features  of  the  life  of  the  West, 
the  fossil  deposits,  and  the  recent  fauna  and 
flora  of  mountain  and  desert,  of  land  and  sea, 
including  a  brief  account  of  the  Indian  tribes 
of  the  Coast.  Astronomical  observatories, 
biological  stations,  and  museums  are  de- 
scribed, and  an  exhaustive  itinerary  of  scenic 
excursions  is  mapped  out.  The  work  is  illus- 
trated with  well  chosen  half-tones,  and  is 
amply  supplied  with  maps  for  scientific  de- 
scription, with  street  maps  of  all  the  larger 
cities,  and  with  a  railroad  map  of  the  country 
west  of  the  Rockies. 

The  publisher  has  produced  a  book  con- 
venient in  form  for  the  satchel  or  pocket,  and 
artistic  in  typography  and  make-up.  It  is 
destined  to  be  widely  useful,  and  is  significant 
of  the  enterprise,  progressiveness,  and  vitality 
of  Western  scholarship. 

CHARLES  ATWOOD  KOFOID. 


A  new  drama  by  M.  Leonid  Andreyev,  trans- 
lated by  Mr.  Herman  Bernstein,  is  to  be  published 
this  month  by  the  Macmillan  Co.  It  is  entitled 
"  The  Sorrows  of  Belgium,"  and  pictures  the  recent 
devastation  of  that  country.  Its  hero  is  said  to  be 
M.  Maeterlinck,  and  King  Albert  figures  as  one  of 
the  prominent  characters. 


RECENT  FICTION.* 


Miss  Marie  Van  Vorst  is  an  accomplished 
story-teller,  and  her  large  personal  following 
attests  the  success  with  which  she  appeals  to 
the  popular  taste.  "  Mary  Moreland  "  is  per- 
haps the  best  example  of  her  work,  and  it  is 
easy  to  see  why  it  must  prove  attractive  to 
readers  and  hold  their  attention.  Mary  is  a 
young  woman  of  exceptional  poise  and 
strength  of  character,  employed  as  a  stenog- 
rapher by  a  Wall  Street  financier.  For  five 
years  she  has  served  him,  and  during  all  that 
time  he  has  been  making  more  or  less  conscious 
comparisons  between  her  and  the  nagging, 
jealous,  worldly  wroman  who  is  his  wife.  When 
domestic  ructions  have  brought  him  to  the 
breaking-point,  he  determines  to  cut  loose,  and 
appeals  to  Mary  to  go  off  with  him.  She 
almost  yields,  but  is  recalled  to  her  better  self 
at  the  last  moment,  and  declines  to  enter  into 
the  illicit  arrangement.  She  is  torn  by  the 
conflict  between  love  for  her  employer  and  the 
promptings  of  a  conscience  which  will  not  let 
her  forget  the  sanctity  of  the  marriage-bond, 
and  the  social  necessity  of  preserving  even 
such  parodies  of  the  home  as  Maughm's  estab- 
lishment. She  not  only  succeeds  in  resisting 
temptation,  but  she  actually  figures  as  a  recon- 
ciling influence  between  Maughm  and  his  wife. 
In  the  end,  she  comes  to  her  own  in  conse- 
quence of  the  wife's  death  in  childbirth.  A 
secondary  plot  is  provided  by  the  fortunes  of 
a  girl  friend  who  has  loved  not  wisely  but  too 
well,  and  who  is  saved  by  Mary's  influence 
from  making  a  still  greater  mess  of  her  life. 
The  remaining  characters  of  importance  are 
Romney,  an  invalid  English  man  of  letters 
whom  she  serves  for  a  time  as  amanuensis;  a 
Colorado  mine-owner  who  takes  her  into  the 
bosom  of  his  family,  and  her  mother,  an  in- 
credibly vain,  selfish,  irresponsible  woman 
with  a  tincture  of  nauseating  religiosity, 
whom  Mary  supports  and  almost  loves  despite 
her  sordid  scheming  and  inhuman  ingratitude. 
All  these  characters  are  interesting,  yet  we 
feel  bound  to  .say  that  not  one  of  them  appears 
to  be  a  consistent  creation.  The  facets  which 
reflect  them  to  us  are  separately  brilliant,  but 
are  cut  according  to  a  plan  which  does  not 
bring  out  a  symmetrical  design.  This  lack  of 
artistic  co-ordination  is  also  apparent  in  the 


*  MARY  MORELAND.  By  Marie  Van  Vorst.  Boston :  Little, 
Brown  &  Co. 

THE  HONEY  BEE.  A  Story  of  a  Woman  in  Revolt.  By 
Samuel  Merwin.  Indianapolis  :  The  Bobbs-Merrill  Co. 

THE  DOUBLE  TRAITOR.  By  E.  Phillips  Oppenheim.  Boston : 
Little,  Brown  &  Co. 

THE  SECRET  SERVICE  SUBMARINE.  A  Story  of  the  Present 
War.  By  Guy  Thome.  New  York  :  Sully  &  Kleinteich. 

AT  THE  SIGN  OF  THE  SWORD.  A  Story  of  Love  and  War 
in  Belgium.  By  William  Le  Queux.  New  York :  Sully  & 
Kleinteich. 

THE  SPLENDID  CHANCE.  By  Mary  Hastings  Bradley.  New 
York :  D.  Appleton  &  Co. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


463 


dialogue  and  the  incidental  matter,  which 
present  us  over  and  over  again  with  features 
which  do  not  fit  together,  or  are  without 
adequate  motivation.  This  element  of  incon- 
gruity is  felt  as  a  disturbing  presence  through- 
out the  work. 

The  American  business  woman  is  again  to 
the  fore  in  Mr.  Samuel  Merwin's  "  The  Honey 
Bee,"  but  this  time  she  is  presented  to  us  in  a 
far  more  profound  and  subtle  portraiture  than 
is  within  the  range  of  Miss  Van  Vorst's  powers. 
Mr.  Merwin's  previous  performances  in  fiction 
have,  indeed,  given  us  no  reason  to  expect  from 
him  so  profound  a  psychological  study  and  so 
genuine  a  creation  of  character  as  he  here 
affords  us.  There  is  no  romantic  glamour  in 
"The  Honey  Bee,"  and  little  sentiment,  but 
there  is  a  great  deal  of  convincing  truth,  which 
is  a  much  more  preservative  quality.  Hilda 
Wilson,  to  begin  with,  is  upwards  of  thirty,  an 
age  which  does  not  appeal  to  the  romantic 
taste,  although  it  is  the  age  found  best  worth 
while  by  many  of  the  greatest  novelists,  from 
Balzac  to  Meredith.  She  is  a  department  man- 
ager in  one  of  the  great  New  York  merchant 
establishments,  and  she  has  made  good  in  her 
many  years  of  service.  A  part  of  each  year 
she  acts  as  a  foreign  buyer,  and  it  is  in  Paris 
that  we  make  her  acquaintance,  and  pursue 
her  fortunes  during  the  year  over  which  the 
time  of  the  novel  extends.  Somewhat  fagged, 
and  feeling  that  she  is  going  stale,  she  accedes 
to  her  employers'  solicitations  that  she  take  a 
long  rest,  but,  instead  of  employing  her 
months  of  business  leisure  in  a  restful  way, 
she  remains  in  Paris,  and  falls  into  a  set  of 
new  associations  and  interests  that  take  her 
far  out  of  her  wonted  habits  of  thought  and 
action,  stir  in  her  unsuspected  instincts  and 
emotions,  and  give  her  rich  new  experiences 
that  broaden  her  character,  and  bring  her  to 
Something  of  that  self-realization  which  is,  or 
should  be,  the  purpose  of  every  human  soul 
worth  saving  to  achieve.  These  experiences 
concern  a  little  group  of  people  with  whom 
Hilda  becomes  accidentally  associated,  and 
from  whom  she  learns  to  know  aspects  of  life 
that  have  before  been  entirely  unfamiliar. 
They  include  "Blink"  Moran,  an  American 
prize-fighter;  Adele  Rainey,  a  variety-show 
dancer ;  a  weak  and  vicious  youth  who  is  her 
dancing  partner;  and  the  illegitimate  baby 
child  of  a  French  danseuse,  who  is  herself  in 
the  hospital.  Hilda  moves  into  quarters  with 
these  people,  takes  Adele  under  her  protection 
and  the  baby  under  her  care  —  incidentally 
saving  the  life  of  the  latter  by  hygienic  pre- 
cautions and  scientific  feeding — and  becoming 
personally  very  much  interested  in  Moran. 
The  author  portrays  Moran  so  sympathetically 


that  we  respect  him  (as  Hilda  does)  despite 
his  profession,  and  the  scene  of  the  great  fight 
for  the  international  championship  is  de- 
scribed with  so  much  vigor  and  dramatic  color- 
ing that  it  is  one  of  the  best  things  of  its  kind 
we  have  ever  encountered  in  fiction.  Hilda  is 
even  stirred  to  think  of  Moran  as  a  possible 
husband,  and  the  author's  skill  almost  per- 
suades us  that  we  might  contemplate  without 
dismay  such  a  disposition  of  his  heroine ;  but 
Hilda's  practical  good  sense  comes  to  her 
rescue,  and  sets  her  to  making  a  match  be- 
tween Moran  and  Adele,  which  is  far  more 
fitting  and  reasonable.  What  contributes 
materially  to  Hilda's  decision  is  the  memory 
of  Harris  Doreyn,  a  man  of  large  affairs  who 
had  employed  her  many  years  before,  whom 
she  had  loved,  and  to  whom  she  would  have 
given  herself  had  he  not  been  already  married. 
When  Hilda  has  cut  herself  loose  from  all 
these  Parisian  complications,  she  goes  to  Lon- 
don, and  there  Doreyn  once  more  comes  into 
her  life,  making  her  realize  that  she  has  never 
really  ceased  to  love  him.  He  is  broken  in 
health,  and  his  one  desire  is  to  see  Hilda  again, 
for  which  purpose  indeed  he  has  come  abroad. 
They  enjoy  each  other's  companionship  for  a 
time,  and  Hilda,  we  are  forced  to  believe, 
would  in  the  end,  had  he  lived,  have  defied  the 
laws  of  society  by  living  with  him  openly,  so 
liberal  an  outlook  upon  life  has  she  gained 
from  her  Parisian  adventure.  As  it  is,  she  is 
able  to  console  his  dying  hour ;  whereupon  she 
returns  to  New  York  and  takes  her  business 
duties  once  more  upon  her  shoulders.  Mr. 
Merwin  calls  his  book  "  the  story  of  a  woman 
in  revolt,"  and  we  have  seen  that  her  revolt 
carries  her  to  the  brink  of  the  precipice.  It  is 
morally  inconclusive  (like  so  much  of  life 
itself),  but,  if  we  can  only  suspend  the  func- 
tion of  moral  judgment  while  we  read,  we 
shall  not  lack  for  variety  of  entertainment  and 
deep  human  interest.  Hilda  and  Moran  and 
Doreyn  are  all  genuine  characters,  and  all 
make  the  strongest  kind  of  an  appeal  to  our 
sympathies. 

It  is  easy  to  be  wise  after  the  event,  and  any 
skilful  practitioner  in  fiction  could  now  pro- 
vide a  prescient  hero  for  a  story  of  the  great 
war.  Such  a  hero  is  found  in  Mr.  Oppen- 
heim's  "  The  Double  Traitor,"  which  tells  us 
of  an  English  diplomatic  attache  who  clearly 
understood,  in  the  months  preceding  last 
August,  what  has  since  been  so  patently  dis- 
closed, and  who  did  his  best  to  persuade  a 
reluctant  officialdom  that  Germany  was  about 
to  put  into  execution  her  carefully  matured 
plan  for  embroiling  the  world  in  strife.  Fail- 
ing in  his  appeal  to  deaf  ears  and  the  in- 
vincible prejudice  of  those  who  believed  it 


464 


THE    DIAL 


[June  10 


impossible  for  Germany  to  do  exactly  what  she 
has  done,  Francis  Norgate  went  to  work  on 
his  own  account  to  save  England  from  the 
worst  consequences  of  that  wanton  attack  upon 
civilization.  Having  himself  been  dismissed 
from  his  post  in  the  legation  at  Berlin,  he 
posed  as  a  man  with  a  grievance,  and  became 
apparently  the  tool  of  one  Selingman,  the  head 
of  the  German  spy -system  in  England.  He 
seemed  to  be  furnishing  valuable  reports  to 
his  employer,  but  they  were  framed  only  to 
deceive,  and,  as  the  critical  day  approached,  he 
sought  an  interview  with  Mr.  Churchill,  found 
in  him  a  willing  listener,  and  so  impressed 
him  with  his  revelations  that  an  order  was 
given  for  the  immediate  mobilization  of  the 
fleet.  Thus  does  history  become  the  handmaid 
of  fiction.  The  scene  in  which  Selingman  is 
finally  trapped  and  marched  off  to  the  Tower, 
after  learning  how  successfully  Norgate  has 
tricked  him,  is  perhaps  the  most  exciting  that 
we  owe  to  the  author,  accomplished  purveyor 
of  thrills  though  he  be.  The  private  romance 
of  Norgate  and  the  Baroness  von  Haase  (of 
the  Austrian  secret  service)  makes  a  very 
acceptable  love-story,  but  its  interest  is  over- 
shadowed by  the  great  affairs  with  which  it  is 
so  intimately  entangled.  This  capital  story 
should  make  many  new  friends  for  Mr.  Oppen- 
heim. 

There  would  obviously  be  something  lacking 
in  these  days  in  any  survey  of  current  fiction 
that  did  not  include  one  or  more  war  stories, 
and  it  is  indeed  likely  that  the  war  will  be 
responsible  for  an  output  of  fiction  as  far 
beyond  that  occasioned  by  any  other  war  as 
this  conflict  exceeds  all  others  in  magnitude. 
The  last  issue  of  THE  DIAL  contains  the  ap- 
palling statement  that  in  Germany  alone  the 
closing  months  of  1914  witnessed  the  publica- 
tion of  one  and  one-half  million  new  patriotic 
songs.  The  inference  from  this  as  to  novel- 
writing  throughout  the  world  simply  staggers 
the  imagination.  Upon  the  present  occasion, 
aside  from  the  ante-bellum  invention  just  de- 
scribed, we  have  something  to  say  about  three 
new  books  of  war-fiction,  the  first  two  of  them 
being  what  the  British  public  knows  as  "  shill- 
ing shockers,"  while  the  third  is  a  far  more 
serious  artistic  production. 

Mr.  Guy  Thome  is  the  author  of  "The 
Secret  Service  Submarine,"  which  tells  how  a 
schoolmaster  on  the  Norfolk  coast  saved  En- 
gland from  a  German  invasion,  and  discom- 
fited as  villainous  a  conspiracy  of  spies  as  ever 
existed  even  in  the  heated  brain  of  a  popular 
novelist.  Says  John  Carey,  the  hero,  on  page 
147,  "  I  am  not  going  to  describe  everything  I 
saw  in  detail.  This  is  a  story  of  action,  and  I 
always  skip  the  descriptive  parts  in  books, 


myself.  The  Johnnies  only  put  them  in  to 
fill  up."  What  he  means  is  that  he  is  not  going 
to  describe  in  detail,  etc.,  but  that  is  unimpor- 
tant. He  certainly  makes  good  his  claim  that 
"  this  is  a  story  of  action."  Carey  is  an  athlete 
with  a  game  leg  which  unfits  him  for  the  active 
service  of  his  country.  Consequently,  he  be- 
comes a  sub-master  in  a  boys'  private  school 
kept  by  one  Dr.  Up  jelly,  who  is  in  reality  the 
Graf  von  Vedal,  a  German  spy  of  the  most 
resourceful  and  dangerous  sort.  The  school  is 
situated  on  a  lonely  stretch  of  the  Norfolk 
coast,  and  the  enemy  communicates  with  the 
conspirators  by  means  of  a  submarine  which 
creeps  up  an  inlet  close  to  the  establishment. 
When  the  story  reaches  its  climax,  the  hero 
kills  Vedal,  and  then,  aided  by  his  brother, 
who  is  a  British  naval  officer,  and  by  two  boys 
from  the  school,  captures  the  German  sub- 
marine by  a  ruse,  kills  its  crew,  and  then, 
setting  out  for  sea  with  the  prize,  intercepts 
and  torpedoes  a  German  war-ship  which  is 
convoying  a  number  of  transports  for  the 
invasion  of  England,  sinks  or  puts  to  flight  the 
transports,  and  covers  himself  and  his  com- 
panions with  glory.  All  the  parties  concerned 
in  this  exploit  get  commissions  and  Victoria 
crosses,  and  the  hero  gets  besides  Dr.  Up  jelly's 
step-daughter,  who  has  given  valiant  aid  to 
the  enterprise.  Cheap  as  the  story  is  in  any 
literary  sense,  it  is  an  undoubted  thriller,  and 
a  notable  example  of  swift  melodramatic 
action. 

Mr.  Le  Queux,  who  writes  "At  the  Sign  of 
the  Sword,"  is  a  man  of  parts,  favorably 
known  to  readers  of  sensational  fiction.  The 
story  is  Belgian  in  setting,  and  takes  us  to  the 
early  days  of  the  invasion  of  that  martyred 
country,  whose  glorious  achievement  in  mak- 
ing the  outcome  of  the  war  a  foregone  conclu- 
sion almost  from  the  start  saved  Europe  from 
destruction,  and  won  for  the  Belgian  people  a 
fame  that  will  shine  undimmed  for  many  cen- 
turies to  come.  Aimee  de  Neuville  is  the 
daughter  of  the  richest  man  in  Belgium,  and 
is  wooed  (and  prospectively  won)  by  Edmond 
Valentin,  a  young  lawyer  of  little  wealth  but 
bright  prospects.  The  villain  is  one  Armand 
Rigaux,  an  associate  of  Baron  de  Neuville  in 
large  financial  affairs,  and  in  reality  a  secret 
agent  of  Germany,  preparing  to  betray  Bel- 
gium into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  He  pays 
his  addresses  to  Aimee,  with  the  encourage- 
ment of  her  father,  but  they  are  loathesome  to 
her,  and  she  repels  him  with  scorn.  Edmond, 
meanwhile,  knows  of  Rigaux's  double-dealing, 
but  a  curious  sense  of  honor  forbids  him  to 
denounce  his  rival.  When  the  storm  bursts 
upon  his  devoted  country,  he  takes  his  place 
in  the  ranks  as  an  officer  of  artillery,  while 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


465 


Aimee  hides  herself  in  the  family  chateau  on 
the  Meuse  near  Dinant.  The  invasion  of  the 
Huns  soon  plunges  her  into  the  midst  of  the 
fray,  and  almost  makes  her  a  victim  of  their 
savagery,  when  the  opportune  appearance  of 
Edmond  saves  her  from  the  worst  outrage, 
and  puts  a  highly  fitting  end  to  the  arch- 
villain.  After  some  days  of  storm  and  stress, 
with  a  piling  up  of  horrors,  and  a  series  of 
hairbreadth  escapes,  the  lovers  make  their 
way  to  Ostend,  and  find  a  safe  haven  across  the 
Channel.  We  must  quote  one  illustration  of 
the  author's  vigorous  hard-hitting : 

"  The  sun  had  set,  and  the  red  afterglow  —  that 
crimson  light  of  war  —  was  showing  in  the  west 
over  where  lay  Great  Britain,  the  chief  objective 
of  the  Kaiser  and  his  barbaric  horde  of  brigands, 
hangmen,  executioners,  and  fire-bugs. —  the  men 
doing  the  bidding  of  that  blasphemous  antichrist 
who  was  daily  lifting  his  hands  to  Heaven  and 
invoking  God's  blessing  upon  his  hell-hound  impie- 
ties." 

It  makes  a  spirited  tale,  colored  throughout 
with  romantic  sentiment.  Whatever  Mr.  Le 
Queux  cannot  do,  he  at  least  can  construct  an 
effective  plot,  and  carry  it  through  with  vigor 
and  variety. 

Our  remaining  war  novel  is  of  a  far  more 
serious  sort  than  the  two  just  described,  and 
belongs  to  literature  as  distinctly  as  they  do 
not.  ^It  is  entitled  "The  Splendid  Chance" 
and  is  the  work  of  Mrs.  Mary  Hastings  Brad- 
ley, already  well  known  as  the  author  of  a 
sterling  historical  romance,  "The  Favour  of 
Kings" ;  an  Egyptian  tale  of  love  and  mystery, 
"  The  Palace  of  Darkened  Windows  " ;  and  in- 
numerable short  stories.  Mrs.  Bradley's  hero- 
ine is  a  typical  American  girl,  and  .we  first 
meet  her  as  she  embarks  for  Europe  in  the 
spring  of  1914,  with  the  intention  of  working 
in  the  art-schools  of  Paris.  She  comes  from  a 
New  England  college  town,  and  is  filled  with 
artistic  ambition.  Among  her  fellow-passen- 
gers is  an  English  army  officer,  Captain 
Edgerton,  who  cultivates  her  acquaintance, 
and  gains  with  her  a  footing  that  promises 
romantic  developments.  This  promise  is  later 
fulfilled  when  Edgerton  visits  Katherine  in 
Paris,  and  friendship  ripens  into  love.  Mean- 
while, we  make  the  acquaintance  in  Paris  of 
Robert  McNare,  an  American  sculptor  of 
genius,  whose  studio  is  just  below  Katherine's 
rooms.  McNare  is  the  victim  of  an  unfor- 
tunate marriage  with  a  faithless  wife,  from 
whom  he  is  divorced,  retaining  custody  of  the 
little  girl  who  is  all  the  world  to  him.  He  is  a 
morose  and  unapproachable  person  as  far  as 
women  are  concerned,  but  Katherine  breaks 
down  his  defences  when  she  devotes  herself  to 
Peggy,  and  saves  her  life  one  dreadful  night 


when  she  is  attacked  by  croup.  But  McNare 
sees  that  his  love  is  hopeless  when  Edgerton 
appears  upon  the  scene,  and  gnaws  his  heart 
out  in  silence.  The  stage  is  thus  set  for  the 
real  drama,  which  opens  on  the  fatal  First  of 
August.  This  prologue,  although  it  occupies 
half  the  volume,  keeps  us  impatient  for  the 
appearance  of  the  main  theme,  but  it  could  not 
well  be  spared  or  even  shortened.  The  tragedy 
that  ensues  is  but  one  of  millions  bred  of  Ger- 
many's wanton  onslaught  upon  the  peace  of 
Europe,  but  it  is  set  before  us  with  such 
poignancy,  such  vividness,  and  such  sympa- 
thetic grasp  that  it  is  made  a  typical  crystal- 
lization of  the  whole  horrible  meaning  of  the 
great  war.  It  takes  us  to  the  front  in  Northern 
France,  when  the  invader  has  been  driven 
back  from  the  gates  of  Paris.  Katherine  has 
given  her  services  to  the  Red  Cross,  and  it 
becomes  her  fate  to  find  Edgerton  lying  on 
the  battle-field,  to  receive  his  dying  words  of 
love,  and  to  sit  by  his  corpse  in  lonely  vigil  all 
night  long.  The  pathos  of  this  scene  is  well- 
nigh  unbearable,  and  grips  the  heart  as  do  few 
scenes  with  which  we  are  acquainted  in  fiction. 
But  the  lesson  of  life  is  that  no  grief  can 
utterly  crush  the  spirit  of  youth,  and  after 
weeks  of  dumb  agony  made  just  possible  to 
endure  by  the  routine  of  her  ministration  to 
the  wounded,  Katherine  returns  to  her  Paris 
lodgings,  and  learns  that  McNare  has  been 
bereft  of  the  sole  joy  of  his  life  by  a  midnight 
bomb  from  the  skies  that  has  made  his  little 
Peggy  its  victim.  The  two  stricken  mortals 
find  what  solace  they  can  in  their  mutual  sym- 
pathies, and  Katherine  accepts  McNare's 
escort  to  England,  where  they  spend  some 
weeks  in  the  peaceful  Cotswolds.  And  one 
morning  in  November,  when  Katherine,  after 
a  weary  night,  has  risen  before  dawn,  and 
climbed  to  the  summit  of  a  hill,  life  is  sud- 
denly born  anew  in  her,  and  the  clan  vital 
asserts  its  mastery  over  her  shattered  existence. 

"  Suddenly  she  felt  herself  strong  and  enduring, 
even  as  the  earth  was  enduring,  and  in  the  ele- 
mental clay  her  spirit  burned  with  a  new  fire.  .  .  . 
She  felt  glad.  Life  was  not  all  horror  while  it 
held  love  and  beauty,  and  love  was  not  gone  while 
memory  lived.  .  .  .  Her  heart  was  not  empty!  It 
held  priceless  memories  of  love  and  courage.  Bitter 
that  Jeffrey  must  be  one  of  the  martyrs  in  that 
struggle  of  the  everlasting  verities  of  freedom  and 
right  against  undying  stupidities  and  cruelties,  but 
splendid  for  her  that  he  had  lived,  that  she  had 
known  him,  that  they  had  loved !  She  looked  out 
over  the  world,  fresh  and  beautiful,  and  though 
the  irrecoverable  beauty  and  freshness  of  her  own 
life  were  gone,  her  splendid  chance  for  perfect 
joy,  she  felt  the  indestructible  forces  of  youth  and 
life  within  her.  And  she  knew  that  she  would  go 
on,  and  go  on  bravely  and  stanchly,  not  darkening 
a  sad  world  with  her  grief,  but  drawing  strength 


466 


THE   DIAL 


[ June  10 


from  her  memories,  from  her  own  soul,  and  from 
the  strength  of  this  nature,  so  impersonal,  so  en- 
during, so  free  of  beauty." 

The  chapter  from  which  these  quotations  are 
made  offers  us  at  once  the  best  writing  and 
the  most  vital  philosophy  of  the  entire  book. 
Nothing  remains  but  a  kind  of  epilogue  in 
which  the  two  return  to  Paris,  and  discover 
that  it  is  still  possible  for  them,  in  companion- 
ship with  one  another,  to  patch  up  their  broken 
lives,  and  be  of  some  use  to  the  world. 

"  'You  don't  know  —  how  much  I  want  to  give. 
How  much  there  is  to  give/  she  said  chokingly. 
'  Of  all  people  in  the  world,  I  —  I  could  begin 
again  with  you.  . .  .  We've  borne  —  enough  of  hurts. 
There  are  other  ways  of  helping  —  for  us  both. 
But  don't  go  out  to  fight  —  with  that  hate  in  your 
heart!  Not  —  not  yet  —  not  till  they  need  you! 
We'll  help,  we'll  spend  our  lives  in  helping  .  .  . 
but  let  it  be  now  for  the  little  children,  the  home- 
less ones  —  for  Peggy's  sake.  .  .  .  Oh,  you'll  stav  ? 
You'll  stay  with  mef  " 

This  is  the  deft  and  natural  solution  found  by 
the  author  for  her  extremely  difficult  emo- 
tional complication,  and  this  is  the  ending  of 
a  very  tender,  wise,  and  beautifully  written 
story.  WILLIAM  MORTON  PAYNE. 


NOTES  ON  NEW  NOVELS. 

One  reads  rather  dejectedly  the  earlier  chapters 
of  Mr.  John  Corbin's  "  The  Edge"  (Duffield),  sus- 
tained rather  by  the  thought  that  the  author  has 
never  been  guilty  of  trifling  with  his  readers  than 
by  any  evidence  of  it  at  hand.  The  reward  comes 
after  this  preliminary  lightness  has  been  passed, 
for  the  book  turns  to  an  attempt  to  solve  the  bitter 
problem  which  decent  Americans  confront  who  are 
trying  to  have  children  and  bring  them  up  accord- 
ing to  right  standards.  As  one  goes  on,  it  becomes 
apparent  that  the  author  is  going  down  to  the  cause 
itself,  and  that  he  finds  it  in  the  lack  of  a  religion 
that  affords  a  workable  rule  of  life  seven  days  in 
the  week.  It  can  hardly  be  said  that  Mr.  Corbin 
mingles  his  propaganda  with  his  fiction  without  loss 
to  the  latter,  but  he  has  nevertheless  written  a  book 
that  deserves  reading. 

The  problems  arising  from  the  passing  of  the 
old  New  England  stock  afflict  the  hero  of  Miss 
Honore  Willsie's  "  Still  Jim  "  (Stokes),  who  wishes 
to  marry  and  have  many  children  for  the  sake  of 
perpetuating,  with  his  family  name,  the  ideals  of 
the  founders  of  so  many  of  our  best  traditions. 
With  this  fundamental  motive,  Still  Jim  —  the 
qualifying  adjective  bespeaks  his  reticence  — 
enters  the  United  States  Reclamation  Service,  and 
there  accomplishes  noteworthy  results,  chief  of 
which  is  overcoming  those  qualities  in  himself 
which  have  retarded  the  realization  among  us  of 
the  old  ideals.  The  book  is  interesting  in  many 
ways,  with  the  element  of  romance  well  sustained. 

If  American  novelists  have  in  the  main  fallen  be- 
hind their  brethren  of  Great  Britain,  we  are  still 


able  to  point  to  several  writers  of  short  stories  on 
this  side  of  the  Atlantic  who  may  challenge  com- 
parison with  any  abroad.  Among  these  latter  high 
rank  must  be  given  to  Mrs.  Katharine  Fullerton 
Gerould,  whose  second  volume,  "  The  Great  Tradi- 
tion and  Other  Stories  "  ( Scribner) ,  has  now  been 
published.  It  contains  eight  examples  of  short 
fiction,  all  but  one  bearing  the  same  firm  traces  of 
masterly  handling  in  much  the  same  genre  as  char- 
acterized the  author's  earlier  book.  The  reactions 
of  persons  of  high  intelligence  and  developed  senti- 
ment are  set  before  the  reader's  eyes  recognizably 
and  with  an  admirable  power  of  analysis.  Lovers 
of  literary  art  will  rejoice  at  this  new  evidence  of 
Mrs.  Gerould's  skill. 

Mystery  without  murder  implicit  in  the  main, 
situation,  and  with  a  solution  more  carefully  con- 
cealed and  less  in  the  nature  of  things  than  in  most 
books  of  the  sort,  characterizes  "  Pals  First "' 
(Harper),  by  Mr.  Francis  P.  Elliott.  What  ap- 
pear to  be  a  young  escaped  convict  and  an  old 
clergyman  who  has  served  a  term  in  an  English 
prison  for  proved  manslaughter  descend  as  tramps 
upon  a  southern  mansion.  The  young  man  is 
recognized  by  the  old  colored  servants  as  their 
young  master,  and  a  highly  elaborated  scheme  of 
deception  follows.  There  is  an  amazing  lack  of 
good  breeding  in  the  supposedly  cultured  princi- 
pals, but  the  story  moves  well  and  there  is  a  sense 
of  fun  in  nearly  every  situation. 

The  European  element  in  modern  America  is 
widening  our  selection  of  literary  topics.  A  few 
years  ago  such  a  book  as  Mr.  James  Oppenheim's 
"  The  Beloved "  (Huebsch)  would  have  been 
thought  impossible.  It  deals  with  a  common  girl, 
the  daughter  of  nobody,  and  a  young  New  England 
writer  and  poet  just  arrived  in  New  York.  Through 
his  love  she  finds  herself  at  the  end  with  her  better 
nature  and  ambitions  awakened,  and  entered  upon 
a  career  as  one  of  the  most  popular  of  moving- 
picture  actresses.  The  boy  had  to  be  sacrificed  to 
bring  her  to  self-realization,  and  the  earlier  steps 
in  their  intercourse  are  shown  with  a  fidelity  to  fact 
which  would  have  startled  an  earlier  generation. 

"  Spray  on  the  Windows "  (Doran)  is  a  well 
considered  story  of  life  in  a  small  English  seaside 
town,  written  by  Mrs.  J.  E.  Buckrose.  It  deals 
with  the  career  of  a  girl  who  intends  to  bend  life 
and  love  to  her  will,  but  who  finds  love  too  strong^ 
With  the  selfishness  of  youth,  she  plans  to  marry 
well.  Becoming  the  highly  valued  companion  of 
an  old  family  friend,  she  somewhat  artlessly  en- 
gages the  affections  of  the  old  lady's  heir.  But 
there  has  been  a  young  neighbor,  a  man  with  whom 
fate  has  dealt  hardly  and  unjustly ;  and  love  beck- 
ons away  from  the  ease  she  had  longed  for,  and 
leaves  her  at  the  close  of  the  book  strong  to  work 
out  a  worthy  destiny  as  wife  and  mother. 

Mr.  Richard  Marsh  writes  good  detective  stories, 
but  seldom  stories  of  good  detectives.  In  "  The 
Woman  in  the  Car  "  (Lippincott)  the  officers  of  the 
law,  after  spending  three  hundred  closely  printed 
pages  in  looking  for  the  murderer  of  a  prominent 
financier,  have  the  questionable  satisfaction  of  see- 
ing the  financier  enter  their  office  for  the  purpose 
of  telling  them  their  mistake.  There  are  two  other 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


467 


deaths  in  the  progress  of  the  tale,  but  the  police 
arrive  at  no  result  with  regard  to  either  of  them, 
one  passing  as  suicide  and  the  murderess  giving 
herself  up  for  the  other.  The  story  has  all  the 
complications  that  the  most  exigent  reader  could 
demand. 

As  a  thoroughly  complicated  mystery  story,  with 
the  solution  well  concealed  until  near  its  close,  when 
the  tangled  skein  is  unravelled  after  the  manner  of 
a  complicated  chess  problem,  "A  Silent  Witness  " 
(Winston),  by  Mr.  R.  Austin  Freeman,  is  to  be 
highly  recommended.  It  opens  with  the  murder  to 
which  readers  of  such  stories  are  accustomed,  fol- 
lowed by  a  suspicious  death,  and  these  in  turn  by 
several  calculated  attempts  upon  the  life  of  a  young 
English  physician  —  of  the  rather  impenetrable 
type  usual  in  such  cases.  A  fellow-practitioner, 
but  one  in  the  field  of  medical  jurisprudence,  is  the 
brains  of  the  case. 

Miss  Carolyn  Wells  has  turned  her  attention  of 
late  to  stories  of  mystery,  one  Fleming  Stone  being 
the  M.  Dupin  of  her  narratives.  "  The  White 
Alley  "  (Lippincott)  is  the  latest  of  these,  and  he 
brings  a  murderer  to  book  by  means  of  a  boy's  mar- 
ble which,  dropped  from  an  attic,  conducts  him  to 
the  missing  corpus  delicti.  It  is  done  with  a  quite 
wonderful  economy  of  effort,  and  little  of  the  spec- 
tacularity  usual  on  such  occasions,  but  the  story  as 
a  whole  suggests  that  Miss  Wells  will  do  better 
when  she  becomes  more  accustomed  to  this  sort  of 
writing;  the  machinery  creaks  a  little  here. 

An  old  fashioned  novel  in  its  length  and  particu- 
larity of  treatment  is  Mrs.  Kathleen  A.  Lund's 
"Oliver  in  Willowmere"  (Heath,  Cranton  & 
Ouseley).  With  the  third  chapter  we  are  introduced 
to  fully  thirty  characters  who  play  parts  through- 
out the  story.  Chief  of  these  characters  is  a  non- 
conformist clergyman  who  for  a  time  preaches  to 
a  congregation  in  the  fenland  country  of  England. 
The  people  of  the  book  are  well  differentiated,  and 
many  of  them  will  constitute  friends  for  the  reader, 
coming  as  they  do  from  all  the  walks  of  life  in  a 
small  English  town. 

The  protagonist  of  "  The  Boss  of  the  Lazy  Y  " 
(McClurg),  by  Mr.  Charles  Alden  Seltzer,  is  a 
reckless,  ill-natured  brute  to  whom  his  father  on 
his  death  leaves  his  ranch  on  condition  that  the  son 
show  signs  of  amendment.  To  a  young  girl  he 
leaves  the  actual  possession  of  the  property,  with 
the  provision  that  it  shall  revert  to  her  at  the  end 
of  a  year  if  the  experiment  fails.  This  is  the  basis 
for  all  that  is  worth  while  in  the  story,  but  it  is 
complicated  with  a  great  deal  of  needless  episode 
which  hampers  the  plausibility  of  the  whole  sensa- 
tional yarn. 

Grown  persons  as  well  as  children  will  find  inter- 
est in  "  Pierrot,  Dog  of  Belgium"  (Doubleday),  by 
Mr.  Walter  A.  Dyer.  Its  hero  is  one  of  those  super- 
serviceable  animals  of  Flanders,  bred  for  use  as  a 
hauler  of  burdens  in  peace,  and  graduated  into  the 
service  of  a  small-gun  battery  when  war  broke  upon 
his  unhappy  country.  One  may  enter  deeply  into 
the  feelings  of  a  stricken  people  through  this  faith- 
ful medium,  and  both  the  dog  and  his  masters  are 
impressively  drawn. 


Studies  in 


BRIEFS  ON  NEW  BOOKS. 

The   Percy   Turnbull   Memorial 
Chaucer  and        Foundation  in  the  Johns  Hop- 

his  times.  i  •  TT     •  -i          i  i 

Kins  University  has  brought 
forth  some  admirable  lectures  on  poetry 
since  E.  C.  Stedman  in  1891  delivered  the 
first  of  the  series  on  "  The  Nature  of  Poetry." 
Unfortunately,  too  few  of  these  have  been 
published  since  Jebb  and  Tyrrell  followed 
the  excellent  example  of  Stedman  in  giv- 
ing a  wider  publicity  to  their  lectures.  We 
are  therefore  very  glad  that  Professor  Kit- 
tredge,  who  lectured  last  year  on  "  Chaucer 
and  His  Times,"  has  had  his  lectures  published 
( Harvard  University  Press) .  There  is  no  one 
in  America  more  qualified  to  speak  on  Chaucer 
with  discrimination  and  lively  sympathy.  He 
has  interpreted  the  poet  in  terms  of  the  pres- 
ent without  any  suggestion  of  cheap  populari- 
zation. Chaucer  moves  before  us  as  he  did  in 
that  vital  and  interested  age,  pursuing  his  vast 
specialty,  the  study  of  mankind;  and  he  be- 
trays in  his  work  the  artist  whose  great  joy 
was  in  his  fellow  man.  Four  works  are  taken 
up  in  considerable  detail, —  "The  Book  of  the 
Duchess,"  "  The  House  of  Fame,"  "  Troilus," 
and  "  The  Canterbury  Tales."  It  is  hard  to 
say  which  of  these  is  most  successfully  treated ; 
perhaps  the  lecture  on  "  The  House  of  Fame  " 
is  the  least  pleasing  and  that  on  "  Troilus " 
reveals  the  scholar's  keenest  enthusiasm. 
Especially  good,  just  to  mention  a  detail  or 
two,  is  the  discussion  of  the  naivete  of  the 
"  Book  of  the  Duchess  "  as  being  that  of  the 
Dreamer  (not  Chaucer),  who  displays  such 
insight  into  the  needs  of  a  heart  bleeding  with 
grief  that  he  has  been  accused  by  unsympa- 
thetic and  undiscerning  critics  as  being  dull 
of  comprehension  instead  of  showing  the  "  art- 
less artfulness  of  a  kindly  and  simple  nature." 
"  Troilus  "  is  not  merely  "  the  most  beautiful 
long  narrative  poem  in  the  English  language," 
as  Rossetti  termed  it,  but  "  the  first  novel,  in 
the  modern  sense,  that  ever  was  written  in  the 
world,  and  one  of  the  best."  So  the  poem  is 
considered  as  a  tragedy  of  character  growing 
out  of  the  tragedy  of  situation,  and  especial 
study  is  made  of  the  three  great  characters, 
Troilus,  Cressida,  and  Pandarus,  with  the 
conclusion  that  something  is  amiss  in  this 
society  with  its  code  of  love.  When  Troilus 
has  died,  "  the  great  sympathetic  ironist  drops 
his  mask,  and  we  find  that  he  has  once  more 
been  studying  human  life  from  the  point  of 
view  of  a  ruling  passion  (as  he  had  done  in 
'  The  House  of  Fame ') ,  and  that  he  has,  no 
solution  except  to  repudiate  the  unmoral  and 
unsocial  system  which  he  had  pretended  to  up- 
hold." "The  Canterbury  Tales"  are  treated 


468 


THE   DIAL 


[ June  10 


as  a  great  drama  in  which  the  characters  for 
the  most  part  determine  the  action  and  the 
sequence  of  the  tales.  Especially  is  this  seen 
in  the  Marriage  Group,  which  begins  with  the 
Wife  of  Bath's  Prologue  and  ends  with  the 
Franklin's  Tale.  It  is  rather  remarkable  that 
no  reference  is  made  to  Professor  Frederick 
Tupper's  striking  theory  of  Chaucer's  use  of 
the  motifs  of  love  and  the  seven  deadly  sins  in 
binding  these  tales  into  a  more  complete  unity 
than  had  hitherto  been  conceived  of.  A  very 
interesting  bit  of  interpretation  is  that  of  the 
lines  at  the  close  of  the  Pardoner's  Tale  when 
he  suddenly  and  unexpectedly  drops  his  cyn- 
icism and  shows  that  he  has  not  always  been 
an  assassin  of  souls: 

"  And  Jesu  Crist,  that  is  our  soules  leche, 

So  graunte  yow  his  pardon  to  receyve ; 

For  that  is  best  —  I  wol  nat  yow  deceyve." 
"A  very  paroxysm  of  agonized  sincerity,"  to 
be  followed  immediately  by  "  a  wild  orgy  of 
reckless  jesting."    It  is  strange! 


<•  The  mystery  In  considering  what  Tyndall  has 
and  the  miracle  expressively  denoted  "  the  mys- 
tery and  the  miracle  of  vitality," 
Mr.  John  Burroughs  says :  "I  have  had  a 
good  deal  of  trouble  in  trying  to  make  my  in- 
born idealism  go  hand  in  hand  with  my  inborn 
naturalism ;  but  I  am  not  certain  that  there  is 
any  real  break  or  contradiction  between  them, 
only  a  surface  one,  and  that  deeper  down  the  j 
strata  still  unite  them."  Nevertheless,  in  the 
dozen  chapters  of  his  book,  "  The  Breath  of 
Life"  (Houghton),  from  which  these  words 
are  quoted,  he  makes  no  visible  progress,  and 
doubtless  did  not  expect  to,  toward  establish- 
ing a  connection  between  the  two.  The  mys- 
tery of  life,  defying  all  explanation  on  the 
part  of  scientist  and  naturalist,  is  his  theme, 
from  beginning  to  end,  under  slightly  varying 
aspects,  as  it  has  already  been  his  chosen  topic 
in  some  of  his  former  writings.  Citing  with 
more  or  less  of  agreement  or  dissent  such 
authorities  as  Darwin,  Tyndall,  Spencer,  Hux- 
ley, Sir  Edwin  Ray  Lankester,  Professor 
Haeckel,  and,  with  a  different  emphasis,  Pro- 
fessor Bergson  (to  whom  he  not  very  long  ago 
devoted  a  cordially  appreciative  chapter) ,  Mr. 
Burroughs  presents  in  highly  interesting  and 
suggestive  fashion  a  cursory  view  of  the  dif- 
ferent methods  of  approach  to  this  fascinating 
and  tantalizing  problem,  and,  as  was  of  course 
to  be  expected,  leaves  us  at  last  as  hopelessly 
and  delightfully  perplexed  as  we  were  in  the 
beginning.  The  very  breath  of  life  to  the 
problem  is  its  insolubility.  More  than  half 
the  charm  of  the  book,  for  most  readers,  is  ex- 
plained in  its  author's  prefatory  confession  of 
his  own  attitude  toward  his  theme.  "  I  am 


forced  to  conclude,"  he  tells  us,  "  that  my  pas- 
sion for  nature  and  for  all  open-air  life, 
though  tinged  and  stimulated  by  science,  is  not 
a  passion  for  pure  science,  but  for  literature 
and  philosophy."  His  imagination  and  in- 
grained humanism,  he  adds,  are  appealed  to 
by  natural  history,  wherein  he  finds  some- 
thing akin  to  poetry  and  religion.  It  is,  in- 
deed, the  poetry  and  the  humanism  of  the  book 
that  render  it  so  readable  and  make  it  litera- 
ture rather  than  science.  A  reproduction  of 
Mr.  Pietro's  bust  of  the  author  is  shown  in  the 
frontispiece.  

A  notable  new  book  by  Dr.  W.  B. 
Cannon  considers  the  subject  of 
"Bodily  Changes  in  Pain,  Hun- 
ger, Fear,  and  Rage"  (Appleton).  As  the 
result  of  an  elaborate  series  of  ingenious 
experiments,  a  distinct  mechanism  is  estab- 
lished for  the  emotional  support.  The  adrenal 
glands  play  a  central  part  in  it.  It  is  a  specific 
device  for  the  intensification  of  energy,  and  the 
further  protection  of  the  organism  when  un- 
der extreme  emotional  excitement  in  urgent 
situations.  To  a  minor  degree  the  same  order 
of  process  accompanies  emotional  excitement 
of  a  milder  range.  Pain,  hunger,  fear,  and 
rage  represent  the  situations  of  the  struggle 
for  existence  or  its  incidents.  It  is  in  the 
interests  of  these  that  the  evolution  of  the 
mechanism  has  proceeded.  Adrenin  increases 
the  blood  sugar,  hurries  coagulation  (a  vital 
matter  in  the  bloody  business  of  fighting) ,  and 
gives  spurt  to  muscular  energy.  All  these 
changes  are  detectable  in  the  subjects  of  ex- 
citement—  both  players  and  spectators  —  of 
a  football  game,  as  also  in  the  "before" 
and  "  after "  of  a  severe  examination.  The 
mechanism  is  intimately  psychic ;  the  emotion 
is  essential  to  its  summons.  The  fact  that  ani- 
mals share  a  comparable  emotional  disposition 
is  established.  As  the  human  mouth  waters 
at  the  sight  of  tempting  food,  so  also  will  the 
flow  of  saliva  in  a  dog  be  stimulated  only  when 
appetite  is  present.  Contrariwise,  nervous 
excitement  stops  the  flow  of  the  gastric  juices; 
the  reality  of  nervous  indigestion  is  adequately 
sustained  by  physiological  evidence.  There 
are  also  illuminating  side-lights  upon  the 
physiological  setting  of  the  emotional  states ; 
not  the  least  interesting  of  these  is  that  the 
"  emotional "  defence  of  war  has  no  exclusive 
vantage  as  against  other  active  rivalries,  such 
as  sport.  The  central  value  of  this  able  volume 
lies  in  its  correlation  of  the  physiological 
changes ;  it  thus  gives  a  consistent  interpreta- 
tion of  certain  hitherto  obscure  mechanisms  of 
the  emotional  life.  It  is  a  positive  and  an 
important  contribution. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


469 


international^111  wwot  years  there  has  been 
the  Monroe  an  increasing  disposition  among 
students  of  American  foreign 
policy  to  find  fault  with,  the  Monroe  Doctrine 
as  it  is  now  interpreted ;  and  some,  even,  are 
beginning  to  denounce  it  as  an  obsolete  shib- 
boleth, the  continued  enforcement  of  which 
by  the  United  States  alone  is  a  wrong  to  the 
greater  powers  of  South  America  and  a  con- 
stant source  of  danger  to  this  country.  Some 
demand  that  it  should  be  abolished  outright; 
others  that  it  should  be  radically  altered,  and 
restored  to  its  original  character;  still  others, 
that  it  should  be  "internationalized,"  and 
other  nations  be  invited  to  cooperate  with  the 
United  States  in  the  maintenance  of  the  doc- 
trine. Among  those  who  advocate  the  last- 
mentioned  policy  is  Professor  W.  I.  Hull  of 
Swarthmore  College,  who  has  recently  pub- 
lished a  little  volume  of  addresses  entitled 
"  The  Monroe  Doctrine :  National  or  Inter- 
national" (Putnam),  in  which  he  maintains 
that  the  United  States  cannot  expect  to  lay 
the  foundation  of  permanent  peace  and  genu- 
ine justice  if  it  continues  to  insist  on  an  exclu- 
sive responsibility  for  the  doctrine.  It  is  not 
only  foolish  but  wrong,  he  argues,  for  a  single 
nation  to  attempt  to  perform  what  is  evi- 
dently a  world-task.  The  rest  of  the  world, 
we  are  told,  has  lost  patience  with  our  attempts 
to  square  our  practice  with  our  political  the- 
ory, and  it  has  become  increasingly  evident 
that  the  logical  solution  of  the  problem  is  the 
assumption  of  the  rights  and  responsibilities 
which  the  doctrine  entails,  by  the  entire  fam- 
ily of  nations  and  its  subjection  to  the  institu- 
tions established  at  the  Hague.  There  is  much 
in  this  suggestion  that  will  commend  itself  to 
thoughtful  men;  but  there  are  still  many  to 
whom  the  idea  will,  as  Professor  Hull  admits, 
appear  to  be  little  short  of  treasonable. 


.      ,-,,,•         Few   writers    on    charity    work 

A  contribution        -,-,-,  -,  s  •    a 

to  social  have  had  so  long  and  varied  an 

experience  therein  as  Dr.  Ed- 
ward T.  Devine,  General  Secretary  of  the 
Charity  Organization  Society  of  New  York 
City,  and  either  past  or  present  officer  in  many 
similar  bodies  engaged  in  the  relief  of  distress 
and  the  amelioration  of  social  evils.  Thus  his 
book,  "  The  Normal  Life,"  speaks  with  a  meas- 
ure of  authority  that  is  none  the  less  impres- 
sive by  reason  of  its  tentative,  undogmatic 
way  of  presenting  social  problems  and  their 
possible  solutions.  He  recognizes  "  how  little 
we  have  done  as  yet  about  some  things,  how 
few  are  the  consecrated  workers,  how  limited 
our  vision,  how  inadequate  our  practical  appli- 
cation of  that  admirable  principle  of  coopera- 
tion so  constantly  on  our  lips,  how  provincial 


and  fragmentary  all  our  philanthropy,  even 
the  best  of  it,  how  unworthy  to  be  called  either 
charity  or  justice,  if  by  those  noble  words  we 
mean  what  our  fathers  meant,  or  what  our 
sons  will  mean  by  those  or  better  terms  describ- 
ing the  better  human  relations  which  are  to 
be."  Instead  of  treating  specifically  any  one 
or  several  of  the  pressing  social  problems,  the 
author  chooses  "  another  method  of  approach, 
hoping  that  we  may  get  both  unity  and  propor- 
tion into  our  study,  and  perhaps  see  some  old 
problems  in  a  new  light,  if  we  take  for  our 
background  the  normal  individual  life,  and, 
following  it  through  from  beginning  to  end, 
try  to  determine  what  are  the  social  conditions 
and  social  provisions  which  are  essential  at 
each  stage  to  securing  it."  This  normal  life  he 
considers  successively  in  its  seven  natural 
divisions,  the  pre-natal  period,  infancy,  child- 
hood, adolescence,  early  maturity,  full  matur- 
ity, and  old  age;  and  that  reader  must  be 
little  interested  in  human  welfare  who  fails  to 
find  the  book  full  of  suggestion.  Its  value  to 
social  workers  is  beyond  question.  Dr.  Devine 
finds  time,  amid  his  other  activities,  to  edit 
"  The  Survey,"  as  many  readers  already  know, 
and  his  present  volume  is  published  by  the 
Survey  Associates,  of  New  York. 


As  John  Muir  was  known  as  the 
Father  of  the  Yosemite,  so  Mr. 
Enos  A.  Mills  might  fairly  be 
called  the  Father  of  Rocky  Mountain  Park. 
It  is  largely  due  to  his  untiring  enthusiasm 
and  perseverance  that  this  magnificent  bit  of 
mountain  scenery  has  been  preserved  for  all 
time  as  a  playground  for  the  people.  In  his 
book,  "The  Rocky  Mountain  Wonderland" 
(Houghton),  Mr.  Mills  describes  this  region 
of  towering  peaks,  canyons,  alpine  meadows, 
forests,  and  lakes.  But  he  does  much  more 
than  this:  his  book  is  the  record  of  one  who 
has  for  many  years  lived  on  intimate  terms 
with  the  Rockies  and  their  wild  inhabitants, 
and  writes  from  the  fulness  of  his  knowledge. 
The  titles  of  some  of  his  chapters  suggest 
the  range  of  his  knowledge  and  interest ;  but 
they  can  give  only  a  faint  idea  of  the  minute- 
ness and  sympathy  with  which  he  has  studied 
the  life  of  the  mountains,  and  none  at  all  of 
the  charming  simplicity  and  directness  of  his 
style.  He  tells  us  intimate  stories  of  Mountain 
Sheep,  Grizzly  Bear,  Beaver,  Silver  Fox, 
Woodchuck,  and  Chipmunk;  of  the  struggle 
for  existence  in  winter  snows;  of  the  growth 
and  decline  of  forests  and  mountain  lakes ;  of 
the  birds  and  flowers  that  lend  music,  color, 
and  fragrance  to  these  high  wildernesses;  of 
the  eccentricities  of  snow-slides;  and  of  a 
hundred  and  one  other  things  that  make  up 


470 


THE   DIAL 


[June  10 


this  mountain  world  of  which  most  of  us,  even 
those  who  have  spent  many  seasons  in  the 
Rockies,  know  so  very  little.  And  to  illustrate 
his  narrative,  Mr.  Mills  has  brought  together 
a  score  or  more  of  striking  photographs  of 
mountain  life  and  scenery.  Altogether  the 
book  is  a  notable  one. 


Scientific  information  for  the 
exPerts  and  specialists  in  tropi- 
cal medicine  and  sanitation  has 
grown  with  astonishing  rapidity  in  the  past 
decade,  and  popular  treatises  on  restricted 
parts  of  the  subject  are  available  for  the  lay- 
man. However,  no  single  book  written  from 
the  elementary  standpoint  in  simple  concise 
form  so  fully  covers  the  whole  field  as  does  Mr. 
W.  Alexander  Muirhead's  "  Practical  Tropical 
Sanitation"  (Button).  The  author  has  had  a 
prominent  part  in  the  practical  administration 
of  the  application  of  the  science  of  preventive 
medicine  under  frontier  conditions  in  the 
tropics.  This  probably  explains  the  didactic 
tone  of  treatment,  and  the  forceful  presenta- 
tion as  well  as  the  minor  omissions,  imperfec- 
tions, and  occasional  scientific  lapses.  The 
book  treats  of  the  causes  of  avoidable  tropical 
diseases,  and  their  methods  of  social  control, 
of  mosquitoes  and  flies  and  the  havoc  they 
play  by  spreading  malaria,  sleeping  sickness, 
and  other  forms  of  transmissible  disease.  The 
principles,  methods,  and  official  routine  of 
inspection,  disinfection,  and  police  control  are 
diagrammatically  outlined.  Ventilation,  the 
protection  of  food  and  water,  and  the  disposal 
of  refuse  are  discussed  in  an  elementary  way, 
and  sanitary  law  and  practice  are  fully  elabo- 
rated. The  work  is  a  valuable  one  for  sani- 
tary constabulary,  and  for  lay  use  by  estates, 
mines,  and  all  commercial  enterprises  in  the 
tropics  for  popular  instruction  and  social  pro- 
tection. The  reduction  of  the  death  rate 
among  European  officials  in  West  Africa  from 
90  to  11.8  per  thousand  between  1896  and 
1913  by  sanitary  measures  is  a  convincing 
argument  for  the  utility  of  the  methods  advo- 
cated in  this  manual. 


Determinism 
and  romance. 


Pierre  (Mme.  Favre)  de  Coule- 
vain  does  not  give  us  a  book  of 
fiction  in  "The  Wonderful  Ro- 
mance" (Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.),  but  has  availed 
herself  nevertheless  of  her  ability  as  a  story 
teller  in  bringing  together  all  sorts  of  inci- 
dents from  real  life,  from  history,  and  from 
religion,  to  show  the  world  what  enlighten- 
ment comes  from  complete  acceptance  of  the 
doctrines  of  determinism.  That  we  are  under 
an  immutable  law,  predetermined  in  its  action 
down  to  the  minutest  detail,  is  her  firm  convic- 


tion, and  free  will  she  puts  by  as  carefully  as 
any  Calvinist.  That  this  law  is  beneficent  in 
its  operations,  however  things  may  seem,  she 
proves  as  far  as  she  can,  and  it  serves  to  sup- 
port as  buoyant  an  optimism  as  can  well  be 
imagined.  By  the  light  of  her  faith  she  exam- 
ines many  incidents  in  her  own  experience, 
some  of  them  trifles  taken  by  themselves ;  and 
passes  from  them  to  great  sweeps  of  history, 
such  as  one  finds  in  Gibbon,  and  to  great 
human  institutions,  such  as  the  Church  of 
Rome.  The  universe  is  her  field,  at  last,  and 
everywhere  is  there  evident  to  her  eyes  a  great 
power,  not  ourselves,  working  for  righteous- 
ness. Needless  to  say,  the  individual  counts 
for  comparatively  little  in  such  a  philosophy. 
But  the  writer's  outlook  is  clear  and  hopeful, 
and  the  book  is  well  written  and  entertaining 
even  when  seeking  most  to  be  instructive.  The 
translation,  made  by  Miss  Alys  Hallard,  leaves 
much  to  be  desired.  The  work  is  dedicated  to 
America, — ' '  Country  of  New  Thoughts. ' ' 


The  universal  actions  have  been  Sim- 

appeal  o/  pie,  and  all  great  pictures  are, 

says  Emerson,  whom  Professor 
Edwin  Watts  Chubb  appositely  quotes  in 
opening  his  "  Sketches  of  Great  Painters,"  a 
series  of  untechnical  chapters  offered  by  one 
who,  as  he  modestly  explains,  thought  he 
might,  "  knowing  so  little  about  art  .  .  be  able 
to  interest  the  '  hoi  polloi '  who  know  even 
less."  Accordingly  he  has  set  down  the  things 
that  interest  him,  and  that  will  interest  many 
others,  in  regard  to  certain  masters,  old  and 
modern,  and  their  masterpieces.  Appreciative 
comment,  biographical  information,  and  char- 
acteristic anecdote,  all  find  appropriate  place 
in  the  fifteen  sketches  dealing  with  as  many 
artists,  not  arranged  in  chronological  or  any 
other  order,  apparently,  but  introduced  each 
as  the  impulse  moved.  Thus  Raphael  heads 
the  list  and  Van  Dyck  stands  at  the  foot,  while 
between  them  are  scattered  Millet,  Leonardo 
da  Vinci,  Rembrandt,  Whistler,  Turner,  Ti- 
tian, Rubens,  Corot,  Michael  Angelo,  Rey- 
nolds, Murillo,  Velasquez,  and  Rosa  Bonheur. 
The  author  has  spent  many  hours  in  the  chief 
picture-galleries  of  Europe  and  America,  so 
that  his  present  work  is  no  hasty  production 
of  the  moment.  Gifted  with  a  taste  for  the 
best  in  art,  he  renders  intelligent  aid  to  his 
readers  in  the  appreciation  of  that  best,  and 
does  it  in  so  unobtrusive  and  undogmatic  a 
manner  as  to  ingratiate  himself  at  once  with 
the  "  hoi  polloi "  whom,  with  humorous  self- 
depreciation,  he  hopes  to  interest.  Eighteen 
reproductions  of  well-known  masterpieces  are 
provided,  and  the  book  is  published  in  pleasing 
form  by  the  Stewart  &  Kidd  Co.  of  Cincinnati. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


471 


mnmn  '    in  ,      Amid  the  welter  of  Feministic 

Woman  s  place  . 

in  modern  literature,  Mrs.  Florence  Guerin 

Tuttle's  "The  Awakening  of 
Woman  "  (Abingdon  Press)  should  take  an 
honorable  place.  Despite  the  continual  striv- 
ing after  phrasal  felicities,  and  the  rather  pro- 
nounced oratorical  style,  there  is  so  much 
truth  and  such  a  degree  of  reasonableness  in 
it  that  it  must  do  the  cause  good  in  quarters 
which  have  hitherto  been  impervious.  The 
chapters  dealing  with  "  Woman  and  Genius," 
"  Creative  Womanhood,"  and  "  Motherhood  " 
are  the  least  provocative  of  irrelevant  objec- 
tions. The  analysis  of  the  conditions  necessary 
to  genius  is  very  good,  but  certainly  many 
sympathetic  readers  will  find  the  writer's 
selection  of  Madame  Montessori,  Madame 
Curie,  and  Mary  Baker  Eddy  as  the  three 
greatest  geniuses  among  modern  women  a 
curious  one.  "  The  Revaluation  of  Life  "  and 
"  The  Relation  to  Eugenics  "  are  not  so  sanely 
reasonable.  The  author  makes  the  common 
mistake  of  assuming  that  children,  especially 
female  children,  have  only  one  parent,  a 
mother;  also  that  the  father's  relation  to  the 
child  is  nearly,  if  not  altogether,  a  material 
one.  She  is  also  peculiarly  responsible  for 
the  post  hoc  ergo  propter  hoc  fallacy  that  the 
immense  recent  progress  in  eugenics  is  due  to 
the  work  of  women.  The  book  has  not  been 
sufficiently  revised  for  perfect  coherence ;  but 
it  is  on  the  whole  stimulating,  suggestive,  and 
distinctly  worth  while. 


New  edition  SeV6n    yeaFS    ag°    the   ReV'    John 

of  a  handbook  P.  Jones,  D.D.,  produced  an  un- 
usually good  introductory  book 
on  "India:  Its  Life  and  Thought"  (Mac- 
millan).  It  was  frankly  intended  for  readers 
who  were  not  familiar  with  the  field,  and  was 
"based  on  thirty  years  of  matured  expe- 
rience ' '  in  the  most  interesting  land  under  the 
sun.  Naturally,  the  author's  point  of  view 
was  given  by  his  life  work ;  but  he  tried  to  be 
scrupulously  fair,  and  has  succeeded  much 
better  than  many  of  his  fellow  workers.  The 
first  edition  had  four  successors,  and  on  the 
whole  this  popularity  has  been  deserved. 
However,  we  have  one  serious  protest  to  enter : 
the  references  to  political  India  should  have 
been  brought  up  to  date  in  the  issue  of  1915, 
lately  published.  It  is  simply  absurd  to  print 
in  a  book  appearing  this  year  the  following 
statement  about  Lord  Morley's  famous  reor- 
ganization :  ' '  Even  at  the  present  time  the 
Secretary  of  State  for  India  has  introduced  a 
scheme  which  will  add  materially  to  the  power 
of  India  in  the  conduct  of  its  own  affairs." 
Similarly,  there  is  no  excuse  for  quoting  the 
census  of  1901  when  the  figures  for  1911  have 


been  available  so  long.  Furthermore,  why 
should  our  best  publishing  houses  not  adopt 
the  plan  of  printing  distinctly  on  the  title- 
page  the  number  of  the  edition,  with  the  date 
of  the  work's  original  appearance?  Of  course 
we  may  usually  turn  the  leaf  over  and  find 
this  information  in  small  type ;  but  the  more 
direct  method  has  every  advantage. 


BRIEFER  MENTION. 

"  Outlines  and  Summaries  "  (Holt),  a  little  man- 
ual prepared  by  Professor  Norman  Foerster  for  the 
use  of  freshmen  in  college,  presents  a  formal  and 
practical  method  of  teaching  students  how  to  make 
analyses  of  expository  essays.  The  illustrative 
material  is  fresh  and  interesting,  and  the  compiler's 
enthusiasm  for  his  task  is  very  clearly  reflected 
throughout. 

"Readings  from  American  Literature"  (Ginn), 
by  Mary  Edwards  Calhoun  and  Emma  Leonora 
MacAlarney,  is  a  textbook  combining  both  prose 
and  verse.  It  will  be  welcomed,  as  something  that 
has  long  been  needed,  even  though  the  idiosyncra- 
cies  of  the  editors,  and  no  doubt  copyright  difficul- 
ties as  well,  have  prevented  it  from  being  as  repre- 
sentative as  many  teachers  will  wish.  The  space 
given  to  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  century  writers 
seems  proportionally  too  great,  at  least  for  high 
school  students;  and  several  later  writers  who 
should  be  included  in  even  a  hurried  survey  of 
American  literature  are  omitted  altogether.  But  the 
selections  are  in  general  well  made. 

For  children  who  find  the  transition  from  the 
rhythmic  work  of  the  kindergarten  to  the  more 
elaborate  folk  and  aesthetic  dancing  somewhat  diffi- 
cult, and  consequently  uninteresting,  Mrs.  Irene  E. 
Phillips  Moses  has  arranged  a  book  on  "  Rhythmic 
Action:  Plays  and  Dances"  (Milton  Bradley  Co.), 
that  is  adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  primary  school, 
playground,  and  gymnasium.  Many  of  the  rhymes 
are  from  "Mother  Goose";  the  others  are  all 
popular  favorites,  or  else  have  been  chosen  because 
of  their  contemporary  or  nature-study  interest. 
Illustrations  and  music  add  to  the  usefulness  of  the 
volume,  which  has  been  prepared  primarily  to  give 
pleasure  to  active,  healthy  childhood. 

The  California  missions  have  received  their  full 
share  of  attention  during  the  past  two  years,  owing 
to  the  adventitious  interest  derived  from  the  Pan- 
ama-Pacific Exposition.  Accordingly,  Messrs.  J. 
Smeaton  Chase  and  Charles  Francis  Saunders  have 
been  at  some  pains  to  give  a  new  turn  to  their 
treatment  of  "  The  California  Padres  and  Their 
Missions"  (Houghton).  They  begin  with  the  per- 
sonal contact  with  the  traveller  with  each  mission, 
and  end  with  some  personal  reminiscence  of  one  or 
another  padre  connected  with  the  mission  discussed. 
The  volume  is  an  intimate  and  sociable  guide-book, 
the  material  of  which  seems  to  be  trustworthy, 
excepting  where  it  frankly  gives  rein  to  the  imag- 
ination. The  making  of  the  book,  including  the 
illustrations,  is  well  up  to  the  high  standard  which 
we  have  come  to  expect  from  the  publishing  house 
whose  imprint  it  bears. 


472 


THE   DIAL 


[June  10 


NOTES. 

A  new  edition  of  Messrs.  Harper's  ten-volume 
"  Encyclopaedia  of  United  States  History  "  will  be 
issued  at  an  early  date. 

During  the  autumn  a  new  edition  of  the  works 
of  Oscar  Wilde,  in  thirteen  volumes,  will  be  pub- 
lished by  Messrs.  Putnam. 

An  English  translation  of  General  Joffre's  'book, 
"  My  March  to  Timbuctoo,"  with  an  introductory 
sketch  by  Mr.  Ernest  Dimnet,  will  soon  be  issued 
by  Messrs.  Duffield. 

A  translation  by  Miss  Mary  Blaiklock  of  M. 
Remain  Holland's  "  Musiciens  d'Autrefois,"  will 
shortly  be  published  under  the  title  of  "  Some 
Musicians  of  Former  Days." 

Mr.  William  Lindsey's  drama,  "Red  Wine  of 
Rousillon,"  which  was  announced  by  Messrs. 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  for  publication  this  spring, 
will  not  appear  until  autumn. 

A  volume  entitled  "  Citizens  in  Industry,"  by  the 
late  Dr.  Charles  R.  Henderson,  will  be  published 
this  month  by  Messrs.  Appleton.  This  house  has 
also  in  press  an  account  of  "  Sanitation  in  Pan- 
ama "  by  Major-General  W.  C.  Gorgas. 

"  Others,"  a  new  monthly  devoted  to  the  interests 
of  poetry,  will  make  its  initial  appearance  this 
month.  The  editors  are  Messrs.  Alfred  Kreymborg 
and  Walter  Conrad  Arensberg,  and  the  magazine 
will  be  issued  temporarily  from  Ridgefield,  N.  J. 

In '  the  immediately  forthcoming  volume,  "  The 
Japanese  Problem  in  the  United  States,"  by  Mr. 
H.  A.  Millis,  the  author  discusses  two  phases  of 
the  question, —  the  admission  of  Japanese  immi- 
grants and  the  treatment  accorded  those  who  are 
already  here. 

"  The  Note  Book  of  an  Attache,"  by  Mr.  Eric 
Fisher  Wood,  will  be  one  of  this  month's  publica- 
tions of  the  Century  Co.  The  author,  who  was 
studying  architecture  at  the  Beaux  Arts  in  Paris 
when  the  war  broke  out,  offered  his  services  imme- 
diately to  the  American  Embassy  in  Paris,  and  has 
had  several  months'  experience  at  the  front. 

A  new  poetic  drama  on  the  war  has  been  written 
by  Mr.  Stephen  Phillips  and  will  be  published  in 
book  form  by  Mr.  John  Lane  probably  next  month, 
under  the  title  of  "Armageddon."  The  drama  is  in 
three  acts,  with  a  prologue  in  which  the  shade  of 
Attila  is  dispatched  by  Satan  to  take  possession  of 
the  Kaiser's  person.  The  scene  of  the  first  act  is 
laid  outside  Reims;  that  of  the  last  in  Cologne, 
with  the  Allied  forces. 

Mrs.  Ghosal  (or  Scrimati  Svarna  Kumari  Devi) , 
the  sister  of  Rabindranath  Tagore,  whose  Indian 
romance  "An  Unfinished  Song"  was  published  in 
an  English  translation  about  a  year  ago,  has  trans- 
lated another  of  her  novels  for  early  issue,  under 
the  title  "  The  Fatal  Garland."  The  story,  which  is 
illustrated  by  native  artists,  is  written  round  some 
events  of  Indian  history  of  the  fourteenth  century, 
and  contains  much  of  Hindu  philosophy. 

An  English  publishing  house  will  shortly  publish 
on  the  same  date  two  books  on  Mr.  Bernard  Shaw, 
in  one  of  which  he  is  proclaimed  as  "  the  twentieth 
century  Moliere,"  and  in  the  other  denounced  under 


the  title  "  Common  Sense  about  the  Shaw."  The 
first  work  is  an  English  edition  of  the  study  of  Mr. 
Shaw  by  Augustin  Hamon,  translated  from  the 
third  French  edition  by  Eden  and  Cedar  Paul. 
The  denunciation  has  been  written  by  Mr.  Harold 
Owen,  part  author  of  the  play  "  Mr.  Wu." 

A  new  edition  is  in  preparation  of  "  The  Col- 
lected Works  of  Aphra  Behn,"  in  six  volumes, 
printed  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Bullen  at  the  Shakespeare 
Head  Press,  Stratford-on-Avon,  under  the  editor- 
ship of  Mr.  Montague  Summers.  More  than  forty 
years  have  elapsed  since  the  last  edition  of  Aphra 
Behn  was  issued,  and  that  was  merely  a  reprint, 
with  no  attempt  at  serious  editing,  omitting  much 
of  her  work,  including  all  her  poetry.  Even  in  its 
incomplete  state,  the  edition  of  1874  has  become 
rare  and  costly. 

The  place  of  Belgium  in  the  modern  world  of 
letters  is  estimated  in  Mr.  Jethro  Bithell's  study  of 
"  Contemporary  Belgian  Literature,"  which  Mr. 
Fisher  Unwin  of  London  will  shortly  publish.  The 
author  traces  the  development  of  recent  Belgian 
literature  from  about  the  year  1880 — when  a  group 
of  students  at  Louvain,  including  Emile  Verhaeren,. 
began  the  campaign  for  new  ideals  in  the  Uni- 
versity magazines  —  down  to  the  present  day.  Ex- 
amples are  given  of  the  best  work  of  representative 
authors,  especially  of  the  poets. 

The  latest  number  to  reach  us  of  "  Special  Li- 
braries"—  Vol.  6,  No.  4  (April,  1915)  — contains 
an  article  of  some  length,  and  rich  in  noteworthy 
facts,  on  "  Organized  Information  in  the  Use  of 
Business,"  by  Mr.  John  A.  Lapp,  Director  of  the 
Indiana  Bureau  of  Legislative  Information;  a 
shorter  article  on  "  Handling  a  Large  Circulation 
in  an  Office  Library,"  by  the  librarian  of  the  Pub- 
lic Service  Commission  Library  of  New  York  City ; 
a  fourteen-page  "  List  of  References  on  Municipal 
Accounting,"  and  a  page  or  more  of  names  of 
bibliographies  relating  to  municipal  administra- 
tion, social  work,  the  present  war,  and  other 
subjects. 

The  recent  death  in  the  Dardanelles  of  the  prom- 
ising young  English  poet  and  critic,  Rupert  Brooke,, 
has  naturally  led  to  a  decided  general  interest  in 
his  work.  There  will  soon  appear  a  volume  con- 
taining all  the  poems  written  by  him  since  the 
appearance  of  his  1911  volume.  The  new  book 
will  be  called  "  1914,  and  Other  Poems,"  and  will 
contain  a  photogravure  portrait.  The  five  1914 
sonnets  will  come  first  in  the  book;  then  a  group 
called  "  The  South  Seas " ;  then  a  number  of 
"  Other  Poems  " ;  and  then  "  The  Old  Vicarage." 
We  may  expect  it  to  be  followed  by  a  collected 
edition  including  the  poems,  the  book  on  Webster, 
the  critical  articles,  and  the  prose  sketches  which 
were  among  the  most  charming  things  that  Brooke 
wrote, 

"  State  Documents  for  Libraries  "  is  the  title  of 
a  carefully  written  pamphlet  of  163  pages,  form- 
ing No.  36  of  Vol.  12  of  the  "  University  of  Illi- 
nois Bulletin."  Mr.  Ernest  J.  Reece,  of  the  Library 
School  of  that  university  is  its  author,  and  he  has 
grouped  his  matter  under  six  heads, —  "  The  Field 
of  State  Documents,"  "  The  Selection  of  State 
Documents  for  Libraries,"  "  Description  of  State 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


473 


Departments  and  Documents,"  "  The  Treatment  of 
State  Documents  in  Libraries,"  "  The  Distribution 
of  State  Documents,"  and  "  Bibliographical  Mat- 
ter." The  methods  of  distribution  in  our  different 
states  are  fully  described,  and  suggestions  are 
offered  for  "  a  model  law  on  printing  and  distri- 
bution." All  librarians  are  more  or  less  tormented 
by  the  public-document  problem,  and  they  will 
•welcome  this  able  monograph  on  the  subject. 

The  "Twentieth  Annual  Report"  of  the  John 
Crerar  Library  notes  the  unavoidable  injurious 
effect  of  the  war  upon  its  activities,  and  yet  chron- 
icles encouraging  progress  in  growth  and  useful- 
ness. Additional  room  has  been  secured  on  the 
seventh  floor  of  the  building  where  the  library  is 
now  situated,  pending  the  erection  of  a  building 
•of  its  own,  which  the  directors  have  decided  not 
to  begin  until  1917.  Unusually  long,  compared 
•with  that  of  other  libraries,  is  the  list  of  donors 
to  the  John  Crerar  Library  for  the  year  1914;  it 
fills  forty-five  double-column  fine-print  pages.  A 
biographical  notice  of  the  late  Eliphalet  Wiekes 
Blatchford,  director  from  the  foundation  of  the 
library,  and  since  1900  chairman  of  the  committee 
•on  administration,  is  contained  in  the  Report. 

An  intimate  picture  of  Roman  social  and  family 
life  under  the  Napoleonic  regime  is  contained  in 
•"  The  Patrizi  Memoirs,"  by  the  Marchesa  Madda- 
lena  Patrizi,  translated  by  Mr.  Hugh  Fraser,  which 
•will  appear  shortly.  The  book  is  based  on  letters 
and  diaries  collected  by  the  author  through  years 
of  research  in  France  and  Italy  and  printed  for 
family  circulation  some  years  ago.  It  is  now  pre- 
sented to  the  public  for  the  first  time,  with  an 
historical  introduction  by  Mr.  J.  Crawford  Fraser. 
The  worst  side  of  Napoleon's  character  is  revealed 
in  his  treatment  of  the  Marchese  Giovanni  Patrizi 
and  his  wife,  who,  as  the  Princess  Cunigonda  of 
Saxony,  and  cousin  of  Louis  XVI.,  roused  the  worst 
hatred  of  the  Emperor.  The  records  serve  to  show 
that  whereas  the  harsh  treatment  of  those  who  were 
•considered  dangerous  and  recalcitrant  Catholics 
T^as  left  to  the  officials,  Napoleon  himself  made 
that  of  the  Patrizi  family  his  personal  affair. 

We  quote  the  following  interesting  paragraph 
from  the  London  "  Nation  " :  "  Sir  William  Robert- 
son Nicoll  has  not  abandoned  his  project  of  writing 
a  history  of  English  periodical  literature  in  the 
Victorian  era.  We  have  become  so  accustomed  to 
periodicals  that  it  is  not  easy  to  realize  the  extent 
-of  their  influence  on  the  world  of  books.  They 
Tiave  certainly  affected  the  development  of  prose 
style,  something  of  the  form  as  well  as  the  content 
of  our  fiction  is  due  to  them,  and  it  is  through  them 
that  the  greater  part  of  our  literary  criticism  has 
been  introduced  to  the  world.  '  If  any  one  will  run 
over  in  his  mind  the  list  of  the  most  remarkable 
critical  books  of  the  last  fifty  years/  says  Pro- 
fessor Saintsbury,  '  he  will  find  that  scarcely  one 
in  ten,  perhaps  not  one  in  twenty,  has  had  an 
original  appearance  wholly  independent  of  the 
periodical.'  '  To  write  articles  for  money  and 
books  for  love '  is  often  a  convenient  arrangement, 
and  not  the  least  of  the  services  of  the  periodicals 
is  that  they  have  enabled  men  of  letters  to  gain  a 
livelihood  without  sacrificing  their  independence." 


TOPICS  IN  LEADING  PERIODICALS. 

June,  1915 

Actress,  Ambitions  of  an.  Margaret  Anglin  .  .  American 
Alaska,  Freeing,  from  Red  Tape.  F.  K.  Lane  .  JVo.  Amer. 
America,  The  Duty  of.  George  Harvey  ....  No.  Amer. 
American  Citizenship.  Theodore  Roosevelt  .  Metropolitan 
Anthony,  Susan  B.  Anna  H.  Shaw  ....  Metropolitan 

Argonne,  In.  Edith  Wharton Scribner 

Arms  and  Man.  Henry  W.  Nevinson Atlantic 

Art,  New  Note  in.  Ada  Rainey Century 

Australia,  Wages  Boards  in.  M.  B. 

Hammond Quar.  Jour.  Econ. 

Austria-Hungary  and  Serbia.  G.  M.  Trevelyan  .  No.  Amer. 
Baseball :  The  Ideal  College  Game.  Lawrence  Perry  Scribner 

Borel,  Petrus.  Arthur  Symons Forum 

Boy  Scouts,  The.  Cecil  Price Hibbert 

Boys'  Court  of  Chicago,  The.  Evelina  Belden  Am.  Jour.  Soc. 
Bridges,  Robert,  Poetry  of.  L.  W.  Miles  ....  Sewanee 
Bulgaria's  Dream  of  Empire.  T.  L.  Stoddard  .  .  Century 
Business,  American,  and  the  War.  E.  M.  Woolley  Everybody's 
Business,  Sticking  to  Old  Ways  in.  Ida  M.  Tarbell  American 
Business  Conditions.  Melvin  T.  Copeland  Quar.  Jour.  Econ. 

Carlyle's  Germans.  J.  M.  Sloan Hibbert 

Celibate  Women  of  To-day.  Earl  Barnes  ....  Pop.  Sc. 
Character  and  Temperament.  Joseph  Jastrow  .  .  Pop.  Sc. 
China,  Reform  in.  Frank  J.  Goodnow  .  .  .  Am.  Pol.  Sc. 

China  and  Autocracy.  J.  O.  P.  Bland Atlantic 

Christian  Endeavour  Movement,  The.  F.  E.  Clark  Hibbert 
Christian  Science,  Method  of.  L.  W.  Snell  .  .  .  Hibbert 

City  Summers.  Harrison  Rhodes Harper 

Collegian,  The  Calumniated.  Mary  L.  Harkness  .  Atlantic 
Color  Music  as  an  Art.  Edwin  R.  Doyle  ....  Bookman 
Conflict,  Problems  of.  Evelyn  Underbill  ....  Hibbert 
Dallin's  Indian  Sculptures.  W.  H.  Downes  .  .  .  Scribner 
Defence,  National,  First  Line  of.  Perry  Belmont  No.  Amer. 
Defence,  National,  Problem  of.  L.  M.  Garrison  .  No.  Amer. 
Delinquency :  The  Ohio  Plan.  T.  H.  Haines  .  .  .  Pop.  Sc. 

Democracy  and  War.  W.  J.  Tucker Atlantic 

Drinkwater,  John.  Milton  Bronner Bookman 

Duncan,  Isadora,  Art  of.  Sonya  Levien  .  .  .  Metropolitan 
"  Efficiency,"  Moral  Failure  of.  E.  D.  Schoonmaker  Century 

England  in  Wartime.  P.  A.  Bruce Sewanee 

English,  Teaching  of.  Burges  Johnson  ....  Century 
Europe,  Our  Debt  to.  Theodore  H.  Price  .  .  World's  Work 
Exports  "  by  Mail,"  Selling.  W.  F.  Wyman  .  World's  Work 
Fertilization  of  the  Egg.  J.  F.  McClendon  .  .  .  Pop.  Sc. 

Fiji,  A  History  of.  Alfred  G.  Mayer Pop.  Sc. 

France,  As  Witnessed  in.  Albert  J.  Beveridge  Rev.  of  Revs. 
German  Fighting  Plans.  Hendrik  Van  Loon  .  .  Century 

German  "  Kultur."  Percy  Gardner Hibbert 

Germany's  New  Offensive.  Frank  H.  SImonds  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Germany  under  the  Blockade.  W.  J.  Ashley  .  .  .  Atlantic 
Germany's  Submarines.  H.  T.  Wade  .  .  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Gold  and  Silver  Production,  American.  C.  H. 

Haring Quar.  Jour.  Econ. 

Good,  Doing.  May  Tomlinson Forum 

Gothic  Ruin.  Maude  Egerton  King Hibbert 

Greek  Tragedy,  Revival  of.  Harrison  Smith  .  .  Bookman 
Hay,  John,  Statesmanship  of.  W.  R.  Thayer  .  .  .  Harper 
Henry  Street,  The  House  on  —  IV.  Lillian  D.  Wald  Atlantic 
Hugo's  Daughter,  The  Story  of.  Grace  I.  Colbron  Bookman 
Illinois,  Reorganization  in.  J.  A.  F_airlie  .  .  Am.  Pol.  Sc. 
Income,  The  "  Why  "  of.  Scott  Nearing  .  .  Am.  Jour.  Soc. 
Iowa,  Reorganization  in.  F.  E.  Horack  .  .  .  Am.JPol.  Sc. 
Japan's  First  Democrat.  Carl  Crow  ....  World's  Work 
Jewish  Flight,  The,  to  Egypt.  Martha  L.  Root  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Joffre,  Foch,  and  the  Army.  E.  V.  Stoddard  .  World's  Work 
Justice,  An  International  Court  of.  J.  W.  Jenks  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Kaiser's  Psychosis,  The.  A.  M.  Hamilton  .  .  .  No.  Amer. 
Kansas,  Reorganization  in.  C.  A.  Dykstra  .  .  Am.  Pol.  Sc. 
Krupps'  Model  Town,  The.  Robert  Hunter  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Life  and  Matter  at  War.  Henri  Bergson  ....  Hibbert 
Living,  Soft,  and  Easy  Dying.  W.  C.  Johnson  World's  Work 
Lucretius  and  Tibullus,  Studies  in.  L.  P.  Chamber- 

layne Sewanee 

'•'  Lusitania,"  The  "  Titanic  "  and  the.  Charles  Vale  Forum 

McClure-Westfield  Movement,  The McClure 

Magazine  in  America,  The  —  IV.  Algernon  Tassin  Bookman 
Markham,  Edwin,  Poetry  of.  Bailey  Millard  .  .  Bookman 
Marlowe,  Julia,  Art  of.  William  Winter  ....  Century 
Massachusetts  and  the  Executive  Council.  A.  N. 

Holcombe Am.  Pol.  Sc. 

Mechanism,  The  Cult  of.  L.  P.  Jacks Hibbert 

Medical  "  Science,"  Modern  —  II.  Helen  S.  Gray  .  Forum 
Merchant  Marine,  The  American.  J.  H.  Thomas  .  Century 

Mexico,  Scenes  in.  Alice  Cowdery Harper 

"  Midsummer  Night's  Dream,  A,"  Workmanship  of. 

Arthur  Quiller-Couch No.  Amer. 

Mind  and  Matter.  C.  Marsh  Beadnell Hibbert 

Minnesota,  Reorganization  in.  J.  S.  Young  .  Am.  Pol.  Sc. 
Mississippi,  Controlling  the.  George  Marvin  World's  Work 
Morality,  International.  David  J.  Hill  ....  No.  Amer. 
Motion-picture,  The  New.  J.  S.  Hamilton  .  .  Everybody's 

Negro-minstrelsy.  Brander  Matthews Scribner 

Nervousness,  The  Riddle  of Metropolitan 

New  York  City,  Civic  Pride  in.  H.  W.  Webber  .  .  Forum 


474 


THE   DIAL 


[ June  10 


Novels,  Quack,  and  Democracy.  Owen  Wister  .  .  Atlantic 
Ohio,  Taxation  in.  O.  C.  Lockhart  .  .  .  Quar.  Jour.  Econ. 

Old  Age.  Robert  L.  Raymond Atlantic 

Oregon,  Reorganization  in.  J.  D.  Barnett  .  .  Am.  Pol.  Sc. 
Pan-American  Financial  Conference,  The.  A.  W. 

Dunn Rev.  of  Revs. 

Panama,  Administration  in.  G  W.  Goethals  .  .  .  Scribner 

Peace,  Permanent.  F.  E.  Chadwick No.  Amer. 

Peace  Movement,  Unifying  the.  F.  H.  Stead  .  Rev.  of  Revs. 
Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society.  J.  M.  McBryde,  Jr.  .  .  Sewanee 
Pigeons,  Habits  of.  Elisha  Hanson  ....  Everybody's 
Poetry,  Eighteenth-century.  H.  A.  Burd  ....  Sewanee 
Poetry,  The  "  Diabolic  "  in.  Stephen  Phillips  .  .  Bookman 

Poetry,  The  Rebirth  of.  Horace  Holley Forum 

Pork-barrel  Pensions  —  IV.  B.  J.  Hendrick  .  World's  Work 
Presidential  Possibilities.  Victor  Murdock  .  .  Metropolitan 
Prohibition,  Nation-wide.  L.  A.  Brown  ....  Atlantic 
Psycho-analysis  and  Disease.  Max  Eastman  .  Everybody's 
Republicans,  The  Resurrected.  Walter  Lippman  Metropolitan 
Ricardo's  Economics.  C.  C.  North  ....  Am.  Jour.  Soc. 
Riches,  Ways  of  Acquiring.  Waldemar  Kaempffert  McClure 
"  Salopnless  Nation,  A,  by  1920."  J.  S.  Gregory  World's  Work 
Scandinavian  Democracies,  The.  Infanta  Eulalia  .  Century 

Science  and  Industry.  C.  W.  Super Pop.  Sc. 

Scientific  Management,  Liberal  Arts  and.  Grant 

Showerman Pop.  Sc. 

Shakespeare  Players,  The.  O.  L.  Hatcher  .  .  .  Sewanee 
Shetland,  The  Islands  of.  Maud  R.  Warren  .  .  .  Harper 
Sierras,  The,  in  June.  Henry  Seidel  Canby  .  .  .  Harper 
Slav  Question,  The  Southern.  N.  D.  Harris  .  Am.  Pol.  Sc. 
Socialism,  German,  and  War.  M.  W.  Robieson  .  .  Hibbert 
South  Americans :  What  They  Read.  Isaac  Goldberg  Bookman 
Speech,  Bar  Sinister  of.  J.  L.  McMaster  ....  Sewanee 
State  Government,  Reorganization  in.  H.  G. 

James Am.  Pol.  Sc. 

Summer  Camp,  The.  Mary  H.  Northend  ....  Century 

Taylor,  Bayard.  Laura  Stedman No.  Amer. 

Torpedoes  and  the  Lusitania.  Waldemar 

Kaempffert Rev.  of  Revs. 

Treitschke  and  Hegel.  E.  F.  Carritt Hibbert 

Turk,  The  Fate  of  the.  H.  G.  Dwight Century 

Unemployment  and  Business.  E.  H.  Gary  ....  Harper 
Unemployment  in  Chicago.  C.  R.  Henderson  Am.  Jour.  Soc. 
War,  A  "  Teetotal."  James  Middleton  .  .  .  World's  Work 
War,  Herd  Instinct  and  the.  Gilbert  Murray  .  .  Atlantic 
War,  Meaning  of  the.  Hermann  Keyserling  .  .  .  Hibbert 
War,  Medical  Aspects  of  the.  F.  H.  Robinson  .  .  Forum 
War,  The  Cost  of  the.  Roland  G.  Usher  ....  Atlantic 

War,  The  Theatre  of.  Ernest  Poole American 

War  Contracts  in  the  United  States.  C.  F. 

Speare Rev.  of  Revs. 

Warton,  Thomas,  Poetry  of.  Clarissa  Rinaker  .  .  Sewanee 
Wave  Work  on  the  New  Jersey  Coast.  D.  W.  Johnson  Pop.  Sc. 

Woman  and  Education.  A.  H.  Upham Sewanee 

Woman's  Vote,  Th«,  in  Chicago.  H.  S.  Fullerton  American 

Women  and  the  Ballot.  H.  G.  Cutler Forum 

Ypres,  Day's  Work  at.  Arthur  H.  Gleason  .  Metropolitan 


IJIST  OF  NEW  BOOKS. 

[  The  following  list,  containing  99  titles,  includes  books 
received  by  THE  DIAL  since  its  last  issue.] 

BIOGRAPHY    AND    REMINISCENCES. 

Twenty  Years  of  My  Life.  By  Douglas  Sladen; 
illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  by  Yoshio  Markino.  8vo, 
365  pages.  B.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $3.50  net. 

Ralph  Waldo  Emerson.  By  O.  W.  Firkins.  With 
photogravure  portrait,  12mo,  379  pages.  Hough- 
ton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.75  net. 

Ulysses  S.  Grant.  By  Franklin  Spencer  Edmonds. 
"American  Crisis  Biographies."  Illustrated,  12mo, 
376  pages.  George  W.  Jacobs  &  Co.  $1.25  net. 

HISTORY. 

The  Riverside  History  of  the  United  States.  Com- 
prising: Beginnings  of  the  American  People,  by 
Carl  L.  Becker;  Union  and  Democracy,  by  Allen 
Johnson;  Expansion  and  Conflict,  by  William  E. 
Dodd;  The  New  Nation,  by  Frederic  L.  Paxson. 
Each  16mo.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  Per  volume, 
$1.75  net. 

Lee's  Dispatches:  Unpublished  Letters  of  General 
Robert  E.  Lee,  1862-5.  Edited,  with  Introduction, 
by  Douglas  Sputhall  Freeman.  With  photo- 
gravure portrait,  8vo,  400  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons.  $3.75  net. 

Hop!  Indians.  By  Walter  Hough.  "  Little  Histories 
of  North  American  Indians."  With  frontispiece, 
12mo,  265  pages.  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa:  The 
Torch  Press.  $1.  net. 

GENERAL.   LITERATURE. 

The  Breath  of  Life.  By  John  Burroughs.  With 
portrait,  12mo,  295  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co. 
$1.15  net. 


Critical  Essays  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  1700- 
1725.  Edited,  with  Introduction  and  Notes,  by 
Willard  Higley  Durham,  Ph.D.  8vo,  445  pages. 
Yale  University  Press.  $1.75  net. 

The  Poets  Laureate  of  England:  Their  History  and 
Their  Odes.  By  W.  Forbes  Gray.  Illustrated, 
8vo,  315  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.  $2.50  net. 

Representative  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Orations.  Edited 
by  Clark  S.  Northup,  William  C.  Lane,  and  John 
C.  Schwab.  With  photogravure  portrait,  8vo,  500 
pages.  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $3.  net. 

Bronson  Alcott's  Fruitlands.  Compiled  by  Clara 
Endicott  Sears.  Illustrated,  12mo,  185  pages. 
Houghton  Mifflin  Co.  $1.  net. 

A  Walk  in  Other  Worlds  with  Dante.  By  Marion  S. 
Bainbrigge.  Illustrated,  8vo,  253  pages.  E.  P. 
Dutton  &  Co.  $2.  net. 

A  Tale  of  a  Tub.  By  Ben  Jonson;  edited  by  Flor- 
ence May  Snell,  Ph.D.  Large  8vo,  205  pages. 
Longmans,  Green  &  Co.  Paper,  $2.50  net. 

A  Neglected  Aspect  of  the  English  Romantic  Revolt. 
By  G.  F.  Richardson.  8vo,  360  pages.  Berkeley: 
University  of  California  Press.  Paper. 

Fifty-one  Tales.  By  Lord  Dunsany.  12mo,  138 
pages.  Mitchell  Kennerley.  $1.25  net. 

Oratory.  By  John  P.  Altgeld.  New  edition;  16mo, 
43  pages.  Chicago:  The  Public.  50  cts.  net. 

DRAMA  AND   VERSE. 

The  Man  on  the  Hilltop,  and  Other  Poems.  By 
Arthur  Davison  Ficke.  12mo,  104  pages.  Mitchell 
Kennerley.  $1.25  net. 

The'  Unveiling:  A  Poetic  Drama  in  Five  Acts.  By 
Jackson  Boyd.  With  portrait,  12mo,  255  pages. 
G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.25  net. 

The  Poet  in  the  Desert.  By  Charles  Erskine  Scott 
Wood.  8yo,  124  pages.  Portland,  Oregon:  Pri- 
vately printed.  $1.  net. 

Lovers,  The  Free  Woman,  They:  Three  Plays.  By 
Maurice  Donnay;  translated  from  the  French, 
with  Introduction,  by  Barrett  H.  Clark.  "  Modern 
Drama  Series."  12mo,  265  pages.  Mitchell  Ken- 
nerley. $1.50  net. 

The  Contemplative  Q,uarry.  By  Anna  Wickham. 
12mo,  40  pages.  London:  The  Poetry  Bookshop. 
Paper. 

The  Old  Ships.  By  James  Elroy  Flecker.  12mo,  32 
pages.  London:  The  Poetry  Bookshop.  Paper. 

Songs.  By  Edward  Shanks.  12mo,  32  pages.  Lon- 
don: The  Poetry  Bookshop.  Paper. 

Spring  Morning.  By  Frances  Cornford;  with  wood- 
cuts by  G.  Raverat.  12mo,  24  pages.  London: 
The  Poetry  Bookshop.  Paper. 

Short  English  Poems  for  Repetition.  By  C.  M.  Rice, 
M.A.  12mo,  119  pages.  Cambridge:  W.  Heffer 
&  Sons,  Ltd.  Paper. 

Visions  of  the  Dusk.  By  Fenton  Johnson.  With 
portrait,  16mo,  71  pages.  Published  by  the 
author. 

FICTION. 

Jaflfery.  By  William  J.  Locke.  Illustrated,  12mo, 
352  pages.  John  Lane  Co.  $1.35  net. 

A  Far  Country.  By  Winston  Churchill.  Illustrated, 
12mo,  509  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Empty  Pockets.  By  Rupert  Hughes.  Illustrated, 
12mo,  607  pages.  Harper  &  Brothers.  $1.35  net. 

One  Man.  By  Robert  Steele.  12mo,  394  pages. 
Mitchell  Kennerley.  $1.50  net. 

The  House  of  Merrilees.  By  Archibald  Marshall. 
12mo,  387  pages.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

The  Splendid  Chance.  By  Mary  Hastings  Bradley. 
Illustrated,  12mo.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.  $1.30  net. 

The  Millionaire.  By  Michael  Artzibashef;  trans- 
lated by  Percy  Pinkerton,  with  Introduction  by 
the  author.  12mo,  244  pages.  B.  W.  Huebsch. 
$1.25  net. 

The  Brocklebank  Riddle.  By  Hubert  Wales.  12mo, 
329  pages.  Century  Co.  $1.30  net. 

Jim.  By  Reginald  Wright  Kauffman.  12mo,  413 
pages.  Moffat,  Yard  &  Co. 

Time  o'  Day.  By  Doris  Egerton  Jones.  With 
frontispiece,  12mo,  377  pages.  George  W.  Jacobs 
&  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Sundown  Slim.  By  Henry  Herbert  Knibbs.  Illus- 
trated in  color,  etc.,  12mo,  357  pages.  Houghton 
Mifflin  Co.  $1.35  net. 

Diantha.  By  Juliet  Wilbor  Tompkins.  With  frontis- 
piece, 12mo,  262  pages.  Century  Co.  $1.25  net. 

The  Lady  Aft.  By  Richard  Matthews  Hallet.  Illus- 
trated in  color,  etc.,  12mo,  352  pages.  Small, 
Maynard  &  Co.  $1.35  net. 

Mountain  Blood.  By  Joseph  Hergesheimer.  12mo, 
312  pages.  Mitchell  Kennerley.  $1.35  net. 

Hepsey  Burke.  By  Frank  N.  Westcott.  Illustrated, 
12mo,  314  pages.  H.  K.  Fly  Co.  $1.35  net. 

A  Man's  Code.  By  W.  B.  M.  Ferguson.  Illustrated, 
12mo,  305  pages.  G.  W.  Dillingham  Co.  $1.25  net. 

Mrs.  Barnet-Robes.  By  Mrs.  C.  S.  Peel.  12mo,  303 
pages.  John  Lane  Co.  $1.25  net. 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


475 


The  Taming  of  Zentit*  Henry.       By  Sara  Ware  Bassett. 

12mo,  288  pages.     George  H.  Doran  Co.     $1.25  net. 
The  Highgrader.     By  William  MacLeod  Raine.     Illus- 
trated,   12mo,   321   pages.     G.   W.    Dillingham   Co. 

$1.25  net. 
A  Bride  of  the  Plains.     By  Baroness  Orczy.     12mo, 

311  pages.     George  H.  Doran  Co.     $1.35  net. 
Waiting.     By  Gerald  O'Donovan.     12mo,   387   pages. 

Mitchell  Kennerley.     $1.40  net. 
The   Watch   Dog:    A   Story   of   To-day.      By   Arthur 

Hornblow.     Illustrated,  12mo,  319  pages.     G.  W. 

Dillingham   Co.      $1.25   net. 
The  Perils  of  Pauline:    A  Motion  Picture  Novel.     By 

Charles   Goddard.      Illustrated,    12mo,    316   pages. 

Hearst's  International  Library  Co.     50  cts.  net. 
Runaway  June.     By  George   Randolph   Chester  and 

Lillian    Chester.       Illustrated,    12mo,    310    pages. 

Hearst's  International  Library  Co.     50  cts.  net. 
The    Exploits    of    Elaine:     A    Detective    Novel.      By 

Arthur  B.  Reeve;    dramatized   into  a  photo-play 

by   Charles   W.    Goddard.      Illustrated,    12mo,    303 

pages.        Hearst's      International      Library      Co. 

50  cts.  net. 

TRAVEL,  AND   DESCRIPTION. 

Naples  and  Southern  Italy.  By  Edward  Hutton. 
Illustrated  in  color,  etc.,  12mo,  312  pages.  Mac- 
millan  Co.  $2.  net. 

Nature  and  Science  on  the  Pacific  Coast:  A  Guide- 
book for  Scientific  Travelers  in  the  West.  Edited 
under  the  Auspices  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Com- 
mittee of  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science.  Illustrated,  12mo,  302 
pages.  Paul  Elder  &  Co.  $1.50  net. 

Russian  Realities:  Being  Impressions  Gathered 
during  Some  Recent  Journeys  in  Russia.  By 
John  Hubback.  Illustrated,  12mo,  279  pages. 
John  Lane  Co.  $1.50  net. 

The  Plateau  Peoples  of  South  America:  An  Essay 
in  Ethnic  Psychology.  By  Alexander  A.  Adams, 
A.M.  Illustrated,  12mo,  134  pages.  E.  P.  Dutton 
&  Co.  $1.25  net. 

A  Guide  to  South  America.  By  W.  A.  Hirst.  With 
maps,  12mo,  340  pages.  Macmillan  Co.  $.175  net. 

Alpine  Americana.  Number  3.  Illustrated,  4to,  22 
pages.  Philadelphia:  Published  by  the  American 
Alpine  Club.  Paper,  85  cts.  net. 

A  Guide  to  the  National  Parks  of  America.  Com- 
piled and  edited  by  Edward  Frank  Allen.  Illus- 
trated, 16mo,  286  pages.  McBride,  Nast  &  Co 
$1.  net. 

PUBL.IC    AFFAIRS SOCIOLOGY    AND 

ECONOMICS. 
Income.     By  Scott  Nearing,  Ph.D.     12mo,  238  pages. 

Macmillan  Co.     $1.25  net. 
Bodies    Politic    and    Their    Governments.      By    Basil 

Edward  Hammond.     Large  8vo,  560  pages.     G.  P. 

Putnam's  Sons.     $3.25  net. 
The  New  American  Government  and  Its  Work.     By 

James  T.  Young.     8vo,  663  pages.     Macmillan  Co. 

$2.25  net. 
The  Natural  History  of  the  State:    An  Introduction 

to  Political  Science.    By  Henry  Jones  Ford.    12mo, 

188  pages.     Princeton  University  Press.     $1.  net. 
Whither?      16mo,    75    pages.      Houghton   Mifflin    Co. 

50  cts.  net. 

THE    GREAT    WAR  —  ITS    HISTORY,    PROBLEMS, 

AND   CONSEQUENCES. 
With    the    German   Armies   in   the   West.      By    Sven 

Hedin;    translated  from  the  Swedish  by  H.  G.  de 

Walterstorff.     Illustrated,   large   8vo,   402  pages. 

John  Lane  Co.     $3.50  net. 
The    Socialists    and    the    War.      Edited    by    William 

English  Walling.     12mo,  512  pages.     Henry  Holt 

&  Co.     $1.50  net. 
The  World  Storm  —  and  Beyond.     By  Edwin  Davies 

Schoonmaker.       8vo,     294     pages.       Century    Co. 

$2.  net. 
"When   Blood    Is    Their   Argument:     An    Analysis    of 

Prussian  Culture.    By  Ford  Madox  Hueffer.    12mo, 

354  pages.     George  H.  Doran  Co.     $1.  net. 
Aircraft  in  the  Great  War:  A  Record  and  Study.        By 

Claude  Grahame-White.  and  Harry  Harper.    With 

frontispiece,  large  8vo,  346  pages.    A.  C.  McClurg 

&  Co. 
Behind  the  Scenes  in  Warring  Germany.      By  Edward 

Lyell    Fox.      Illustrated,    12mo,    333    pages.      Mc- 
Bride, Nast  &  Co.     $1.50  net. 
France  in  Danger;    or,  French  Nationality  Menaced 

by  Pan-German   Aggression.     By  Paul  Vergnet; 

translated  from  the  French  by  Beatrice  Barstow. 

12mo,  167  pages.     E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.     $1.  net. 
German    Culture:     Past    and    Present.      By    Ernest 

Belfort  Bax.     12mo,  280  pages.     McBride,  Nast  & 

Co.     $1.25  net. 
Germany's     Vanishing     Colonies.       By     Gordon     Le 

Sueur.      12mo,   190   pages.     McBride,   Nast   &   Co. 

75  cts.  net. 


EDUCATION. 

The  Appointment  of  Teachers  in  Cities:  A  Descrip- 
tive, Critical,  and  Constructive  Study.  By  Frank 
Washington  Ballou,  Ph.D.  8vo,  202  pages.  Har- 
vard University  Press.  $1.50  net. 

Play  in  Education.  By  Joseph  Lee.  8vo,  500  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  $1.50  net. 

The  Education  of  the  Negro  prior  to  1861.  By  C.  G. 
Woodson,  Ph.D.  12mo,  454  pages.  G.  P.  Put- 
nam's Sons.  $2.  net. 

The  Industrial  and  Commercial  Schools  of  the 
United  States  and  Germany:  A  Comparative 
Study.  By  Frederick  William  Roman,  Ph.D. 
12mo,  382  pages.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.  $1.50  net. 

A  Middle  English  Reader.  Edited  by  Oliver  Farrar 
Emerson,  Ph.D.  Revised  edition;  12mo,  478  pages. 
Macmillan  Co.  $2.  net. 

Made  to  Order:  Short  Stories  from  a  College  Course. 
Selected  by  Howard  Maynadier.  12mo,  309  pages. 
New  York:  Lloyd  Adams  Noble.  $1.25  net. 

Berenice.  By  Jean  Racine;  edited  by  Robert  Ed- 
ouard  Pellissier  Ph.D.  With  portrait.  12mo,  85 
pages.  Oxford  University  Press.  35  cts.  net. 

Dona  Clarines  y  Manana  de  Sol.  Por  Serafln  y 
Joaquin  Alvarez  Quintero;  edited  by  S.  Griswold 
Morley,  Ph.D.  12mo,  136  pages.  D.  C.  Heath  & 
Co.  50  cts.  net. 

Lea  Boulinard.  Par  Maurice  Ordonneau,  Albin  Vala- 
bregue,  and  Henry  Keroul;  edited  by  F.  G. 
Harriman.  16mo,  124  pages.  D.  C.  Heath  &  Co. 
30  cts.  net. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  Story  of  Napoleon's  Death-mask.  Told  from 
the  original  documents  by  G.  L.  de  St.  M.  Watson. 
Illustrated,  8vo,  208  pages.  John  Lane  Co.  $2.  net. 

Mind  and  Health  Series.  Edited  by  H.  Addington 
Bruce,  A.M.  First  volumes:  Human  Motives,  by 
James  Jackson  Putnam,  M.D. ;  The  Meaning  of 
Dreams,  by  Isador  H.  Coriat,  M.D. ;  Sleep  and 
Sleeplessness,  by  H.  Addington  Bruce.  Each 
12mo.  Little,  Brown  &  Co.  Per  volume,  $1.  net. 

The  Relation  of  International  Law  to  the  Law  of 
England  and  of  the  United  States:  A  Study.  By 
Cyril  M.  PIcciotto;  with  Introduction  by  L. 
Oppenheim,  LL.D.  Large  8vo,  128  pages.  Mc- 
Bride, Nast  &  Co.  $1.75  net. 

The  American  Books.  First  volumes:  American 
Literature,  by  Leon  Kellner;  The  American 
Navy,  by  French  E.  Chadwick;  Municipal  Free- 
dom, by  Oswald  Ryan;  The  Indian  To-day,  by 
Charles  A.  Eastman;  The  American  College,  by 
Isaac  Sharpless.  Each  12mo.  Doubleday,  Page 
&  Co.  Per  volume,  60  cts.  net. 

Writing  an  Advertisement.  By  S.  Roland  Hall. 
Illustrated,  12mo,  217  pages.  Houghton  Mifflin 
Co.  $1.  net. 

Christianity  and  International  Peace.  By  Charlejs 
Edward  Jefferson.  12mo,  287  pages.  Thomas  Y. 
Crowell  Co.  $1.25  net. 


Two  Charming  Books  of  Verse 

SONNETS  &  QUATRAINS 

By  ANTOINETTE  DE  COURSEY  PATTERSON,  12mo, 
boards,  hand-made  paper.         .         .         .    $1.25 

UNDINE:  A  Poem 

By  ANTOINETTE   DE  COURSEY   PATTERSON,   8vo, 
boards,  beautifully  made.         .         .         .     $1.25 

H.W.FISHER&  CO., 1629  Chestnut  St.. Philadelphia 


HUGH 


MEMOIRS  OF  A  BROTHER 

By  ARTHUR  CHRISTOPHER  BENSON 

An  intimate  picture  of  the  personality  of  Monsignor 
R.  H.  Benson — "as  he  showed  himself,  freely  and  un- 
affectedly, to  his  own  circle."  Illustrated,  $1.75  net. 

Longmans,  Green,  &  Co.,  Publishers 


476 


THE   DIAL 


[June  10 


| 

f- 

RARE  books  and  first  editions  collected 
and  arranged  for  people  who  are  too 
busy  to  attend  to  the  forming  of  libraries. 

Address  E.  V.,  Boston  Transcript 
BOSTON.  MASS. 

BOOKS.  AUTOGRAPHS.  PRINTS.          Catalogues  Free. 
R.  ATKINSON,  97  Sunderland   Road,  Forest  Hill,  LONDON,  ENG. 

ROOKS     AH  Out-of-Print  Books  Supplied. 

•**  V^  VJ  iX  kJ     nomatter  on  what  subject.  Write  us.  We  can  get 
you  any  book  ever  published.     Please  state  wants.     Catalogue  free. 
Baker's  Great  Book  Shop,  14-16  Bright  St.,  Birmingham,  Eat. 

• 

ONE  OF  OUR  BOOK  BARGAINS 

PAUSANIAS'S 
DESCRIPTION  OF  GREECE 

Published  Price.  $35.00.  Our  Price,  $18.50 

THE  H.  R.  HUNTTING  CO.,  Springfield,  Mass. 

, 

SECOND-HAND   BOOKS.   General  Literature,    ist 
Editions.  Enquiries  esteemed.  Frequent  catalogues  post  free. 
GORFIN,  82A,  CHARING  CROSS  ROAD,  LONDON.  W.  C. 

• 

The  Advertising  Representative  of  THE  DIAL 
in  England  is 

MR.  DAVID  H.  BOND 

407,  Bank  Chambers,  Chancery  Lane,  London,  W.  C. 

who  can  furnish  full  information  regarding  rates,  etc., 
and  through  whom  advertising  orders  may  be  sent. 

BOOKS  !Mtt 

We  are  the  leading  wholesale  dealers 
in  the  books  of  all  publishers.    Our 
immense  stock  and  our  location  in 
the  publishing  center  of  the  country 
enable  us  to  fill  orders  —  large  and 
small  —  for  books  of  all  kinds,  with 
the  greatest  dispatch. 

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO. 

354  Fourth  Ave.               NEW  YORK  CITY 

AMERICANA 

Recent  Catalogues:—  No.  83,  The  Far  West  States; 
No.  84,  The  Southern  States;    No.  85,  Abraham 
Lincoln;    No.   86,  The  Middle  States;    No.   87, 
American  Indians.     Sent  free  on  application. 

Daniel    H.   Newhall.   152   Nassau   St..   New  York 

American  Short  Stories  and  Plays  wanted  lor  Italy. 
Russia.  France.  Austria  and  Scandinavia 

Expert    Criticism,  Translation   and    the  Placing   of   Manuscripts. 
Oldest  Established  Literary  Agency  in  Europe 
(Founded  in  1880  by  Paul  Hertzmann,  M.  A.,  Ph.  D.) 
Fees  (which  must  accompany  typed  manuscript  in  registered  letter) 
as  follows:    Two  dollars  for  Short  Story  under  3,000,words.     Five 
dollars  for  Story  under  10,000  words.     Ten  dollars  for  plays. 

THE  ITALIAN  LITERARY  AGENCY 
60  Piazza  di  Spatfna.  Rome.  Italy 

"Experienced,  efficient."                                       Gabriele  D'Annunzio 

CHANGES  of  ADDRESS 

CUBSCRIBERS  to  THE  DIAL 
^    who    contemplate   changing 
their  addresses,  either  temporarily 
or  permanently,  should  notify  us 
promptly,  giving  both  the  old  and 
new  addresses,  so  as  to  insure  their 
copies    of    THE    DIAL    reaching 
them  without  interruption. 

We  cannot  undertake  to  supply 
missing  copies,  lost  in  forwarding, 
unless  we  receive  early  notification 
of  intended  changes. 

• 

The  only  general  literary  magazine 
specifically  devoted  to  the  interests 
of  the  Middle  West 

The  Midland 

Some  of  the  contributors:    Arthur  Davison 
Ficke,  Keene  Abbott,  Mrs.  Coburn  of  the 
Coburn   players,  William   Ellery  Leonard, 
H.   B.  Alexander  and  John  G.   Neihardt. 

Published  monthly  at  Iowa  City,  Iowa.    $1  .50  a  year. 
Sample  copies  gladly  furnished. 

THE  DIAL,  632  S.  Sherman  St.,  CHICAGO 

Hinds  and  Noble.  31-38-35  Weal  15th  St..  N.  Y.  City.    Write  for  Catalogue. 


THE   DIAL 


477 


MRS.  RACHEL  WEST  CLEMENT 

Experienced   Authors'  Agent,   Reader  and   Critic,  Specializing  in 
Short  Stories.    Reading  lee,  $1.00  for  5,000  words  or  under,  includes 
short  criticism.                                                          Circulars  on  request. 
6646  Germantown  Ave.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

F      M       HOI    I   V  Author*'  and  Publishers* 
r.   in.    n.VJ.L.1^  I               Represent.tiTe 

156  Fifth  Avenue.  New  York     (Established  1905) 
RATES  AND  FULL    INFORMATION  WILL  BE  SENT  ON  REQUEST 

THE  NEW  YORK  BUREAU  OF  REVISION 

Thirty-fifth  Year.     LETTERS  OF  CRITICISM.  EXPERT 
REVISION  OF  MSS.     Advice  as  to  publication.     Address 
DR.  TITUS  M.  COAN.  424  W.  119th  St..  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Index  Office,  Inc.,  110  N.  Wabash  Are..  Chicago 

for  indexing,   compiling  and  abstracting 
literary  and  statistical  material  for  scientific 
and  literary  workers. 

Send  five  cents  in  stamps  for  Reference  Bulletin. 

MSS.  SUCCESSFULLY  PLACED 

Criticised            Revised            Typed 

Send  for  Leaflet  D 
References:  Edwin  Markham  and  others.    Established  1890 
UNITED  LITERARY  PRESS 
123  Fifth  Avenue                               NEW  YORK  CITY 

FRANK  HENRY  RICE,  Authors'  Agent 
MARY  ASQUITH,  Play  Broker 

Personal  service  by  specialists  who  have  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  magazine,  book,  dramatic  and  motion  picture 
markets.   Particulars  upon  request. 

145  West  Forty-  Fifth  Street                    NEW  YORK 

ROBERT  LOUIS  STEVENSON 

Books  from  His  Library,  FIRST  EDITIONS  of 
His  Works,  MANUSCRIPTS,   Autographs, 
Relics,  and  other  STEVENSONIANA. 

CATALOGUE  in  Preparation  —  Sent  on  Request. 

C.  GERHARD!  &  CO.,  120  East  59th  St.,  New  York 

"I  am  sure  that  if  his  book  were  in  the  hands 
of  every  intelligent  man,  woman  and  child, 
the  cost  of  living  would  decrease."  —  LEON  A. 
CONGDON,  Foods  and  Drugs  Division,  Kansas 
State  Board  of  Health. 

"THE  SOURCE,  CHEMISTRY 
AND  USE  OF  FOOD  PRODUCTS" 

By  E.  II.  S.  Bailey,  Ph.D. 

75  Illustrations.     Cloth.    $1.60  Postpaid. 
PUBLISHED  BY 

P.  BLAKISTON'S  SON  &  CO.,  Philadelphia 

University  of  Manitoba 

New  Appointments  for 
Session  1915-1916 

Lectureships  in  ENGLISH,  CLASSICS  and  FRENCH 

and 
Demonstratorships  in  PHYSIOLOGY  and  GEOLOGY 

Appointments  to  Demonstratorships  will  be  made 
on  or  after  July  1    and  to  Lectureships  on  or  after 
July  15,  1915.     Further  particulars  from 
THE  REGISTRAR 
University  of  Manitoba.             Winnipeg.  Manitoba 

H 

f» 

Bookbinding 

DURABLE 
ARTISTIC 
ECONOMICAL 

Special  Attention  to  Library  Binding 

Write  for  Prices 

Studies  in  Southern 
History  and  Politics 

Edited  by  JAMES  W.  GARNER 

Professor  of  Political  Science  in  the  University  of  Illinois. 
8vo,  cloth,  pp.  viii  +  394.    Price  $2.50  net. 

A  collection  of  fifteen  articles  on  topics  relating  to  the 
South  by  professors  in  various  colleges  and  universities  of 
the  country. 

Constitutional  Government 
in  the  United  States 

By  WOODROW  WILSON 

1  21110,  cloth,  pp.  vii  +  236.    11.50  net. 

DEMOCRAT  PRINTING  COMPANY 
MADISON.  WISCONSIN 

GOOD  MEDIUMS 

are  many:  Efficient  mediums  for  the 
publisher  are  few  Every  reader  of 
THE  DlAL  is  a  regular  and  habit- 
ual buyer  of  worthy  books. 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

LEMGKE  AND  BUECHNER,  Agents 
30-32  West  27th  Street                                NEW  YORK 

ITS 


THE    DIAL 


[June  10 


The  MOSHER 
BOOKS 

As  gifts  for  special  occasions — 
Christmas,  New  Year's,  Birth- 
days, Weddings, —  "infinite 
riches  in  a  little  room" — these 
choice  limited  editions  at  mod. 
erate  prices,  printed  from  type 
on  hand-made  papers,  are 
unique.  My  Catalogue  sent  free 
on  request. 


THOMAS  BIRD  MOSHER 

Portland,  Maine 


Short -Story  Writing 


A 


Course  of  forty  lessons  in  the  history,  form, 
structure,  and  writing  of   the  Short-Story, 
taught  by  Dr.  J.  Berg  Esenwein,  formerly 
Editor  of  Lippincott's  Magazine. 

One  student,  before  completing  the  lesions,  received 
over  $1000  for  manuscripts  sold  to  Roman's  Home 
Companion,  Pictorial  feeview,  McCall's,  and 
other  leading  magaxines. 

Also  courses  in  Photoplay  Writing,  Versification 
and  Poetics,  Journalism.  In  all,  over  One  Hundred 
Courses,  under  professors  in  Harvard,  Brown, 
Cornell,  and  other  leading  colleges. 

2*p-Page  Catalog  Free.    Please  Address 

THE  HOME  CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL 

Dept.  571.  Springfield.  Mass. 


Dr.  Esenwein 


The  Hibbert  Journal 

A  Quarterly  Review  of  Religion. 
Theology,  and  Philosophy 

CONTENTS  FOR  APRIL. 

Life  and  Matter  at  War.    By  Professor  Henri  Bergson. 
The  Tyranny  of  Mere  Things.     By  Professor  L.  P.  Jacks. 
Problems  of  Conflict.    By  Evelyn  Underbill. 
Two  Studiesof  German  "Kultur."   By  Professor  Percy  Gardner. 
On  the  Meaning  of  the  War.    By  Count  Hermann  Keyserling. 
Gothic  Ruin  and  Reconstruction.     By  Maude  Egerton  King. 
"Shall  We  Serve  God  for  Nought?"      Treitschke  and  Hegel. 

By  E.  F.  Carritt. 

German  Socialist  Theory  and  War.     By  M.  W.  Robieson. 
Carlyle's  Germans.     By  J.  M.  Sloan. 
Mind  and  Matter:  A  Hylozoistic  View. 

By  Fleet-Surgeon  C.  Marsh  Beadnell,  R.  N. 

The  Method  of  Christian  Science.    By  Rev.  Laird  Wingate  Snell. 
Teaching  Which  Becomes  Practice.      Two  World-wide  Move- 
ments among  Young  People. 

I.  The  Christian  Endeavor  Movement.  By  Rev.  Francis  E. 
Clark,  D.D.,  LLD.,  President  of  the  World's  Christian 
Endeavor  Union. 

II.    The  Boy  Scouts.    By  Capt.  Cecil  Price. 
Discussions. 

" If  one  desires  a  synopsis  of  the  condition  of  the 
human  mind  in  the  midst  of  all  the  cross  currents  and 
eddies  and  conflicting  tendencies  of  contemporary  re- 
ligious thought,  here  it  is,  served  with  scholarship, 
literary  ability,  and  perfect  good  temper.  " 

Yearly  Subscription  $2.50.  Single  Numbers  75  cents. 

SHERMAN,  FRENCH  &  COMPANY 

PUBLISHERS 
6  Beacon  Street  Boston,  Mass. 


The  July  number  is  out  next  week 

The  Yale  Review 

The  New  American  Quarterly 


The  Fate  of  the  Dardanelles 

the  leading  article,  is  by  Sir  Edwin  Pears,  the  foremost 
British  authority  on  the  Near  East.  He  writes  significantly, 
from  personal  experience.  The  greatest  of  American  ex- 
perimental biologists,  Jacques  Loeb  of  the  Rockfeller 
Institute,  writes  on  the  mechanistic  theory  of  the  origin 
of  life.  Charles  Cheney  Hyde,  professor  of  interna- 
tional law  in  Northwestern  University,  interprets 
the  acts  of  the  United  States  in  defense  of  our 
rights  on  the  sea.  Professor  Wilbur  C.  Abbott  of  Yale 
searches  out  the  root  of  the  present  European  conflict  in 
the  age-long  struggle  between  democracy  and  autocracy. 
John  Crowe  Ransom  in  a  brilliant  analysis  prefers  to  find 
its  cause  in  the  irreconcilable  strife  between  two  concep- 
tions of  justice,  the  old,  or  static,  and  the  new,  or  creative, 
which  progressive  Germany  has  embraced.  The  number 
is  completed  by  authoritative  articles  on  our  rights  on  the 
sea,  home  rule  for  cities  and  other  important  subjects,  and 
by  poems  and  essays  by  Amy  Lowell,  Henry  A.  Beers,  Vida 
D.  Scudder,  Elisabeth  Woodbridge  and  Louis  Untermeyer. 
There  are  also  fifteen  authoritative  reviews  of  significant 
books.  The  subscription  price  is  {2.50,  including  the  above 
number  free  of  charge  if  mention  is  made  of  this  notice. 

THE  YALE  REVIEW,   New  Haven,   Conn. 


TFyou  are  a  lover  of  etchings 

-^  and  engravings  and  are  not  a 

subscriber  to 

The  Print-Collector's 
Quarterly 

you  are  missing  an  unique  opportunity  for 
keeping  in  touch  with  expert  information 
and  the  latest  developments  in  this  most 
refined  and  fascinating  branch  of  the 
graphic  arts. 

The  only  periodical  in  English 

devoted  exclusively  to  etchings, 

engravings  and  drawings 

Established  1911 

TWO  DOLLARS  A  YEAR 


Illustrated  brochure  upon  request. 
Published  for  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston,  by 

HOUGHTON  MIFFLIN  CO. 

4  PARK  STREET, BOSTON 


1915] 


THE   DIAL 


479 


"AT  McCLURG'S" 

It  is  of  interest  and  importance 
to  Librarians  to  know  that  the 
books  reviewed  and  advertised 
in  this  magazine  can  be  pur- 
chased from  us  at  advantageous 
prices  by 

Public  Libraries,  Schools, 
Colleges  and  Universities 

In  addition  to  these  books  we 
have  an  exceptionally  large 
stock  of  the  books  of  all  pub- 
lishers—a more  complete  as- 
sortment than  can  be  found  on 
the  shelves  of  any  other  book- 
store in  the  entire  country.  We 
solicit  correspondence  from 
librarians  unacquainted  with 
our  facilities. 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 

A.C.  McClurg  &  Co.,  Chicago 


Miss  Viola  Roseboro',  to  whom  is  credited  the 
discovery  of  O.  Henry  and  the  acceptance  of  his 
first  work,  is  now  associated  withTHE  EDITOR , 
the  fortnightly  journal  of  information  for  literary 
workers,  as  critic  and  adviser.  In  his  autobiogra- 
phy S.  S.  McClure  says  :  "  Miss  Roseboro'  seized 
upon  the  early  stories  of  O.  Henry,  Jack  London, 
Myra  Kelly,  Rex  Beach  and  on  the  Emmy  Lou 
stories  with  as  much  sureness  of  conviction  as  if 
she  had  known  what  the  end  was  to  be  in  each 
case,  and  exactly  how  popular  each  of  these  writers 
was  to  become." 

In  return  for  moderate  fees  writers  may  have  the 
benefit  of  Miss  Roseboro's  personal  criticism  of 
their  manuscripts. 

Writers  who  wish  a  handy,  complete,  up-to-date 
directory  to  the  markets  for  their  manuscripts 
should  have  the  new  edition  of 

'1,001  Places  to  Sell  Manuscripts" 

(The  American  Writer's  Year  Book  and  Directory) 

which  lists  in  classes,  with  indexes,  cross-indexes 
and  definite  statements  of  the  kinds  of  material  in 
demand  in  each  market,  more  than  5,000  pur- 
chasers of  short  stories,  novels,  essays,  poems, 
articles,  plays,  vaudeville  material,  photoplays, 
jokes,  photographs,  post  card  sentiments,  para- 
graphs, etc.  If  there  are  markets  for  a  writer's 
manuscripts  they  are  made  available  in  this  guide. 

Cloth,  300  patf es.  $1.50  postpaid 
THE  EDITOR,  Box  509,  Ridgewood,  N.  J. 


For  Twenty-Five  Cents 

You  can  buy  a  whole  half-year  of  a 
first-class  magazine. 

The  Book  News  Monthly 

The  Baedecker  of  Bookdom 

Containing  the  Completed  Story 

THE  TAMING  of 
ZENAS  HENRY 

One  of  the  most  choicely  entertaining 
books  of  the  year,  a  novel  that  retails  for 
$1.25  a  copy. 

Send  thirty  cents  and  we  will  include 
with  your  six  numbers  the  issue  for  June, 
in  which  will  appear  the  first  account  of 
the  Southern  California  Exposition,  with 
a  selection  of  rarely  beautiful  photo- 
graphs, picturing  San  Diego  at  its  best. 

ADDRESS 
THE  BOOK  NEWS  MONTHLY 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


THE  NEW 

REPUBLIC 

AMERICA'S  NEW  WEEKLY 

THE 
MAGAZINE 

!  of 

THE 
HOUR 

Literature,  politics,  drama — everything, 
in  fact,  to  interest  the  thoughtful  reader. 

Your  name,  address  and  a  dollar  bill  will 
bring  you  our  56-page  literary  supplement 
and  twelve  issues  of  a  magazine  that  is  fresh, 
invigorating  and  unique. 

Write  to-day. 

THE  NEW  REPUBLIC 

421  West  Twenty-First  Street 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


480 


THE    DIAL 


[June  10,  1915 


"Practical,  comprehensive,  full  in  detail  and  in  definition,  usefully  illus- 
trated, the  only  good  book  from  the  trade  standpoint."  —  A.  L.  A.  Booklist. 


BOOKBINDING 


ind 


(In  four  parts] 


By  JOHN  J.  PLEGER 


T 


HIS  work,  the  first  and  only  complete  text-book  in  this  country  that  covers  the 
subject  in  all  its  phases,  will  prove  of  great  interest  and  value  to  every  one  con- 
nected directly  or  indirectly  with  bookbinding. 

John  J.  Pleger,  the  author,  is  an  advanced  exponent  of  the  art,  and  has  given  the 
trade,  in  concise,  comprehensive  form,  the  benefit  of  his  broad  knowledge. 

The  smaller  printer  who  has  to  do  binding  as  a  side  line  will  find  herein  a  mine  of 
helpful  information. 

It  will  be  found  invaluable  by  the  larger  binders  when  the  time  comes  for  purchas- 
ing additional  or  new  equipment. 

To  the  involuntary  specialist — the  man  whose  limitations  have  tied  him  to  one 
operation  —  it  will  prove  a  boon  in  widening  his  opportunities  for  better  employment 
and  remuneration. 

Librarians  and  others  intrusted  with  the  "care"  of  books  will  find  Mr.  Pleger 's 
offering  well  worth  attention. 


Each  volume  sold  separately 

Paper  Ruling 

PART  ONE 
22  illustrations.          Price  $1.25 


Four  parts  complete,  $$.  00 


Pamphlet  Binding 

Punching,  Crimping  and 

Quarter-Binding 

PART  TWO 

37  illustrations.          Price  $1.50 


Blank,  Edition  and  Job 

Forwarding 
Finishing  and  Stamping 

PART  THREE 
129  illustrations.        Price  $2.00 


Gilt  Edging,  Marbling  and 

Hand-Tooling 

PART  FOUR 

29  illustrations.          Price  $1.25 


"The  contents  of  the  vol- 
ume are  worthy  of  the  high- 
est commendation. 

"The  books  are  valuable 
to  librarians  in  the  plain 
exposition  of  processes,  and 
will  be  a  valuable  aid  in 
making  specifications  for 
binding,  as  well  as  a 
safeguard  for  the  results 
desired. " 

PUBLIC  LIBRARIES, Chicago 


THE  INLAND  PRINTER  COMPANY 

632  SHERMAN  ST.,  CHICAGO         1729  TRIBUNE  BLDG.,  NEW  YORK 


PRESS  OF  THE  HENRY  O.  SHEPARD  COMPANY