HANDBOUND
AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF
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APPENDIX
TO THE
DICTIONARY AND GRAMMAR
OF THE
KONGO LANGUAGE
As spoken at San Salvador, the Ancient Capital of the Old
Kongo Empire, West Africa
Compiled and Prepared for the Baptist Mission on the
Kongo River, West Africa
BY THE
Rev. W. HOLMAN BENTLEY
Missionary of the Baptist Missionary Society on the Kongo
PUBLISHED BY THE BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY
19, FuRNivAL Street, Holborn, London, E.C.
AND
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., Ltd.
Paternoster House, Charing Cross Road, London, W.C.
1895
Bh
842839
PREFACE
More than seven years have passed since the completion of the Dictionary
and Grammar of the Kongo language. During this time the New Testament
has been translated, and other books for religious instruction and school use
have been translated and prepared ; a Bi-monthly Magazine, " Se kukianga "
(The Dawn is Breaking), has appeared, containing original native articles.
School work has been well pushed, and a Kongo correspondence passes freely
between the natives about our stations.
Kongo can no longer be spoken of as an unwritten language.
All this literary activity has called for an Appendix to the work published in
1887. Every new word acquired has been most carefully preserved and in-
vestigated ; obscure idioms, and any constructions throwing light on the
Grammar and Syntax, have been noted. While the New Testament was
in the press, the Appendix to the Dictionary was printed. Returning to the
Kongo a few days after the first hundred copies of the New Testament came
from the book-binders, the mass of Grammatical and Syntactical notes which
had accumulated was studied and arranged.
The Dictionary of 1887 contains some 10,000 Kongo words, omitting as far
as possible the thousands of derivative words, which, being formed from the
root-words according to simple rules, needed no special note. As the possibili-
ties of this highly flexible language are so great, these derivatives in actual or
possible use would number hundreds of thousands ; it was therefore necessary
rigorously to exclude them, except such as by their frequent or special usage
required special note.
Some 4,000 new words are now added on the same principle, which include,
as far as possible, all words or roots which are used in the Kongo literature of
the English Baptist Mission published up to the present.
In the same way, the endeavour has been made to reduce the rules of
Grammar and Syntax which have been found to be further necessary, during
the literary work in which the correctness and sufficiency of the former work
was tested. As for the correctness, it has been found that no great changes are
necessary ; in some two or three cases only it has been necessary to narrow the
application of certain rules which had been too widely stated ; these cases have
been carefully noted in their proper places in the Grammar and Syntax of this
Appendix.
In this translation and linguistic work, Nlemvo, who rendered such valuable
assistance in the preparation of what was published in 1887, has still continued
his aid, rendered all the more efficient by these fourteen years of work, which
have trained and developed his great natural aptitude. This gives the uni-
formity which is of such great importance.
A change has been made in the Kongo Alphabet, which must here be noted.
PREFACE
A large proportion of the people at San Salvador, and in its neighbourhood,
pronounce 8 and z before i .as sh and j ; for the sound sh the letter X was
adopted (as in Portuguese), while z before i was written as j. Our books are
read over a much wider area than the district of San Salvador, and in those
parts where 8 and z remain unchanged before i, the use of x and j has proved
a difficulty • it has therefore been decided to use 8 and z only, and m those
parts where the sound of these letters is softened before i they will be naturally
softened in pronunciation, and where they remain unchanged they will be pro-
nounced as written. , , ^. . . s j-
This may cause some difficulty in the use of the Dictionary and Appendix,
since 8iml)a appears as ximba under X in the Dictionary, and as simba under
S in the Appendix ; but that lack of uniformity is of small moment, compared
with the importance of the attainment of a permanent form at the earliest
possible date, and the wider usefulness of our literary productions.
For reasons noted in the preface to the Grammar of 1887, the frequent
elision of final and initial vowels in Kongo has not been made in this Appendix,
in order that there might be no obscurity as to the actual forms used.
It may be of interest to note the comparative compactness of Kongo and
English, in the number of words used in the expression of ideas. For this
purpose' the words and letters used in Kongo and English in the ist Epistle to
the Corinthians, 13th chapter, have been counted ; in the Kongo version there
are 289 words, and 1209 letters ; in the E" . ish Revised Version there are 274
words, and 1 172 letters.
On page xi. of the preface to the work of 1887, reference is made to an old
translation of a Portuguese treatise on Christian Doctrine, published in Lisbon
in 1624. Fr. Bernardo Maria de Cannecattim, author of the Bunda Grammar
(1804), says that the above was "the first work printed in the Kongo language,"
and we may be most probably correct in saying that it was the first work
printed in any of the Bantu languages.
The Rev. G. R. Macphail, who was minister of the Presbyterian Church of
Scotland in Lisbon, very kindly arranged to have the work copied for me by
hand.
It is a Catechism in Portuguese and Kongo interlinear. Two copies are in
the National Library at Lisbon, and one in the Library of the Propaganda in
Rome.
The Portuguese from which the translation was made "by the order of
Mattheus Cardoso," is still in use in the schools in Madeira, as a standard
Catechism ; it was written by Marcos Jorge, S.J.
The Portuguese-Kongo work has been very carefully studied, and is a very
interesting work, affording evidence of the early usage of certain special words
which we find current to-day. It is a creditable production, showing that a
good vocabulary has been acquired. There is a liberal admixture of Coast and
Mbamba words, suggesting that the early missionaries had picked up the
language on the Coast, and carried up the Coast influence with them ; this is
noticeable in the employment of CU (ku) as a prefix to the Infinitive Noun. V
is always written as b ; W as ii, ki as qui ; the nasals m and n are hopelessly
confounded, and often omitted or written as in old Portuguese with er
the vowel But, after all, it affords no evidence of any change in the language.
The main points are true to Kongo ; but where there are differences, it is im-
possible to determine how much is due to a mixture of the Coast and other
PREFACE vii
dialects, and how much to an imperfect knowledge of the language. It is
certainly White-man's Kongo, and sometimes the words are awkwardly spelt.
The N of Nzambi ampungu, God^ never appears on the name itself, but is
often found on the end of the preceding word— dian Zambi ampungu.
It is interesting to find untotela (p. 39) used for majesty^ so that Ntotela is
not simply a dynastic name of the present kings. Anquissi (-aukisi, fetish) is
used for holy, sacred j and even uquissi {fetish nature) for divinity (p. 30) !
This is a very objectionable use of nkisi, /^//j//.
The words in use for the " Holy Faith of the Church of Rome " are : " Canca
auquissi yanzua muquissi acuna Roma" (p. 85).
Canca is nkanka, devotion, faithfulness, and, for want of a better word, was
strained by these early missionaries into that use ; this explains the ex-
pression : " Dingamena muna nkanka a Nzambi ampungu," continue in
the Faith of God; so f^ish devotion was used for Holy Faith. Yanzua
muquissi is ya nzo ankisi, of the fetish house (nzo ^^.tlIli^i^ the grave also) ;
this is the only translation used for the Holy Church (of Rome), not the build-
ing called a "church," but the Church of the Saints. So we find " The Holy
Faith of the Church of Rome " thus translated, to the mystification of the
native mind : " The fetish devotion of the fetish house of at Rome " !
Baptism is always spoken of then, and by the priests to-day, as dia
mungua, to eat salt; the placing of a little salt in the mouth of the infant,
with the words, "ye are the salt {/"^the earth," being part of the ceremony of
Baptism according to the Romish iftmal.
Ecussuilu [ekuswilu, t/ie place of rubbing on, or smearing (from kusu, to
rub on or smear)^ is the equivalent of Purgatory.
Nsambu is used for grace, favour, as it is still by us ; and much of the
" religious terminology," as to-day used, is found in this old book ; only it has
been necessary to make a discreet selection. However, the work is certainly
creditable for those far-off times, when viewed with a kindly eye, even in these
days in which we have learned to value a greater accuracy.
My thanks are due to the Committee of the Baptist Missionary Society, for
undertaking the expense of publication of this Appendix, as they did that of
the previous work.
May the work be found helpful to all who seek to make known in Kongo the
Gospel of the Grace of God, and to extend the Kingdom of Righteousness and
Peace.
W. H. B.
Wathen Station, B.M.S.,
Congo Free State,
September \st, 1894.
APPENDIX
TO
ENGLISH-KONGO DICTIONARY.
Abandon (as of no use), r/./., tengola.
Abandonment, n., luyambulu, lo ;
luvunzanisu, lo; lutengolo,
lo ; see tengola, Appendix.
Abdicate, v., kunkuka.
Abhorrence, ;/., nkenonoka, 2.
Ability, «., ndwenga, 2 {jreneraily
plural) ; lue, pi. 6.
in one's profession or craft, 7t.,
umfuzi, 12.
(quickness) in learning, n., zadi-
zadi, 6.
Abject, become, v.l, boloka.
Able to, be, v., see fwanwa, Kongo-
Eng. Appendix,
may be, v, -fwete {v. aux.).
Abominable behaviour or insolence,
n., nduvu, 4 ; lunkulu, 10.
Abortive, become, v., funga.
Abound, v.i., see abundant, be, App.
About, see -ina omu, App.
used verbally to... about, v., nanga
...ye, App. ; I finished about
ten on the spot, yananga mana
ye tezo kia ekumi vana fulu.
Above the other, one, adv., e nkunda-
kiani, e nkundieka, e mbanda-
kiani, e mbandieka.
«., -ankundakiani, -ankundieka,
-ambandieka, -ambandakiani.
Abundance, n., wingi, 12 ; ebidi, 8 ;
wokela, 9 ; bidi, 6 ; vomo, 6.
of everything, have, v., vwama,
pututa.
Abundant, a., -avomo.
be, v.i., selalala, bwembwena, be-
sama, tuta.
make, v.L, seleleka, beseka.
Abuse, vJ., duvula, duka.
«., luduvuku, 10 ; luduku, 10 ;
nlevo, 4.
in obscene language, vX, bukalala.
(misuse), v.t, pitakesa.
Abusive toward, be, v.t, duka.
Abyss, n., mbilu, 2.
Accent, n., nsiamu, 2.
Accept as true, v., sia omu matu.
Acceptable, adj., -edienga.
Accomplish much, v., totola.
Accord, «., ngwawani, 2.
V. wawana, kwenda e bambala
(6), totama.
According to, adv., muna owu wa.
Accursed, one who is, n., kiudi, 5 ;
ziaku, 2 (P. ?) ; mwana (i)
a kandu (6); see kandu, App. ;
you are accursed, ongeye u
kiudi.
Accusation, n., mfundu, 4.
Accuse, v.t., funda.
Accustom to, v., yukisa.
Accustomed to, be, v.i., yukwa.
Ache (of the head only), v.L, tota.
Acidity, n., nsa, 2 (Bako) ; ngani, 2.
Acquit, v., kangula.
Action, n., evangu, 8.
Active, be very, v.L, tumpa-tumpa.
Adapt, v.t., sobola.
3 A
Add-Alm
( 722 )
Add, v.t., kundika
further, v., bandika.
to, v.t., yikula.
together or up, v., ■bangumuna, sia
e kimlaanguniuna (5), tot a.
Addition of a very dififerent charac-
ter, «., nswangu, 4-
Address (a fetish), v., vovelela.
Adhere to, v.t.^ tatidila.
Adjective, «., mbaku, 4.
Admonition, «., lutemweno, 10.
Adulation, n., lusanisu, 10 ; lusa-
nisinu, 10.
Adulterate, t/., lum"ba.
Adultery, commit, v. kemba nkaza
(i) angani (Bako).
Advancement, «., lunungununu, 10,
ad. ; lunungunuku, 10, pass.
Advantage (profit), n., luwete, 10 ;
mfunii, 4 ; see also vwa
mfunu, App.
Adverb, «., mpangilu, 2.
Adverse (hostile), a., -atantu.
Advise, v.t., kubikila.
Advocate, «., nzonzi, 2 (Bako), nka-
mbakani, i & 4-
Adze, cut with, v., vaba.
Affair (business), n., nkolo, 4-
Affect abilities, 7/., kuvaka.
Affection, intense, «.,liinziototo, 10.
(mutual), «., nzolani, 2.
Aporesaid person, the, ;/., mbana, i
(pi. ambana).
Afraid of, no longer be ; see zanuna
& zaini, App.
After, see also za, App.
after this or that or awhile, adv.,
oku se ntu.
one after the other, a,, -andaildani.
adv., e ndandani.
Again (in a discourse), conj., ye diaka
diaka.
to... over again, v., vutukila ; see
Kongo-Eng. App.
Agitate, v.t., tumpanisa.
Agitated, be, v.i., tembela.
Agony, n., mviangalu (4) a iitima(4).
unspeakable, « .,tema (6) kia nsongo.
Agree (coincide), v., kwenda e ba-
mbala (6), totama.
Agree, continued.
upon a price, zenga e ntalu (2).
well together (be on good terms), v.,
bakana.
Agreeable, become, v.i. ; see buwa
ntima (4), App.
(good), a., -ambote, -abiza.
Agreed ! see twe lubasa! App.
to be, v.i., kwikana ; it is agreed
then, ozevo dikwikanini.
AGREEMENT,/?.,nkaiigu, 4 ; ekangu, 8.
Aid in the prosecution of some enter-
prise, v.t., yakulula.
one who does so, «., ngyaku, 2 ;
nyakuludi, i & 4.
the aid rendered, n., nyaku, 4.
Ailment of babyhood, any, con-
cerning which we can ask no
questions, only be conscious
that there is something wrong,
funze, 6.
Aim, the chief, n. ; see etima, 8, &
vaki, 6, App.
Alarm cry, n., nsakila, 4 (Bako).
utter such a cry, ta nsakila (Bako).
Alcohol, n., kindakidi, 5.
Alike, be, v.i., totama, kwenda e
bambala (6).
make, v.t., toteka.
Alive, a., -amoyo.
be, v.i., vuka (Bako).
A.iA.,prefix. The prefix all- is applied
to some adjectives to make a
noun— the All-wise ; it is ex-
pressed by Mpungu appHed as
a prefix to the abstract noun.
Almighty, the, MpungU-ngolo (2).
All-wise, the, Mpungu-zayi (2).
All in due course, adv., oku kukwi-
ziwa.
not at all, ke dionso (7) dia...ko ; it
does not move at all, ke kuna
dionso dia nikuka ko.
all right (in safety), adv., male-
mba-lemba.
all sorts of things, ;/.,wadiwonso,i2.
Allude to, v., tola (Bako), zangata,
suma.
Almighty, the, n., Nengolo, i ; Mpu-
ngu-ngolo, I.
( 723 )
Alo-Anx
I
Along the edge, brink, or side, adv.,
lunseka-lunseka (lo).
Aloof, adv., e vaudi (6).
Already, adv., see mpasi own, App.
Alter (of a palaver or language only),
v.i., bindama.
Alternate, v.t., swanga, swanga-
nisa.
v.i., swangana.
arrangement, ?z.,nswangani, 2.
Alternately, adv., e nswangani.
Although, coftj., kana vo, kana
una vo, sia ele vo, knfwila
own. . .ko ; see also ndivo, App. ;
altiiough I took it, knfwila
own mbongele kio ko.
(even when), conj., i mnna wan
nkntn... ndivo.
(verbal),-lembi ; although I scrubbed
it, it would not come off, ya-
lembi kio fnsnla, kansi ke
ikatnkidi
322.
ko
see -lembi, p.
sama (=kwa-
ALWAYS...-ing, be, v.
ma), lakama.
Amass, v., vwisisa.
Amazed, be very much, v.t., knz^nge-
neka.
& utter a cry, kiololoka ; knlnlnka.
Ambassador, n., ntnmwa, 2 ; nkn-
mbi, 2 ; nlnalna, 4; mbaku,4.
Ambitious, be, v., kukundidika.
Ambush, set an, v., kangaembaki(2).
Amethyst, n., ametiste, 2.
Among {before a pers. pron.), vava
or vovo or vana (bena, &c.);
see -ina, App.
among them, vana bena.
among us, vava twina.
among you, vovo nwina.
Anarchy, «., ntumpa-ntnmpa, 4.
Ancestor, n., nkuln, i.
Ancient times, most, n., eknln, 8.
ancient very, a., -anknln-nknmbi.
And that, conj., yovo, yo ovo.
Anger, ti., nkafi 4 {gen. jz«^.=nsita);
nkenene, pi. 2 ; nlnla, 4 ;
efwema, 8 (Bako).
very great, makasi (pi. 8) mansuva
or mavengenene.
Anger, continued.
one who is slow to, nkwa ntima (4)
a vnnda.
soothe, v.t., wondeleka.
Angle, n., nzinga, 4.
at right angles, adv., kn nkayikwa.
Angry, to get or be, v., baika maketo
(Bako) ; see also fwama(Bako)
& baka efwema (Bako), App.
Anguish at which one cries out, «.,
tfttn, 6.
Animal, huge, n., evwendengele, 8.
Anise (?), «., mana-nsnsn, 6.
Annoy, v.t., tnntanisa, tokeka.
(pester) v.t., lakama.
Annoyed, be, v.t., tnntana, tokama.
much, V. ; see also fwama (Bako) &
baka efwema (Bako), App.
Annoying, a., -anangi.
Anoint with oil, v.t., lengola or
nwika mazi (pi. 7)-
Answer, make no, v.i., voloka.
be unable to make an, tnngama.
Ant, driver, ;/., nsalafn, 2 (Bako).
white, a variety of, n., ndanlan, 2.
nest of (mushroom like), vava, 6 ;
nknkn, 2.
swarm of winged (perfect) ants,
nknmbi, 2 (Bako).
see also vnnga sama, App.
" Ants' bread," a honey-combed
cultivation of fungus (.'') found
in the nests of white ants, or
frequented by them, «., mbn-
ngn, 2.
Ant lion {myrmeleon formicarius),
n., nkenge, 2.
Antelope, gazelle-like, «., nsiesie, 2
(Bako).
Antiphon, n.
to lead with the first an ti phonal
song, v., bonga nkunga (4)-
to answer back, v., yaknla, yaku-
Inla, tambnlnla.
the choral answer, «., ngyakn, 2.
Anxiety (apprehensiveness), «., nsn-
mbi, 2 ; nsnmbi-nsnmbi, 2.
(care), n., songololo, 6 ; Innznmbu-
In, 10 ; swengeti, 6.
to do, go, &c., «., kiangnla, 5.
Anx-As
( 724 )
Anxious, be, v., zan^inika or zanga-
nanwa ontima (4), ntima (u-)
zanganana, yela e nsumbi (2).
for, viangalwa or zinwa or laku-
kwa moyo (3) or ntima (4),
ntima ^rmoyo (n-) viangala
or zina.
make, zanginika ntima.
Any, see wonso & una -ina, App.
Apart, adv., e kikaka (5).
(aside), e kingenga (2), kuna mpe-
nga (2).
(separate), e vaudi (6).
from, prep., e kikaka yo, e vaudi
muna.
Apostle, «., ntumwa, 2.
Apostrophe ('), «., nienie, 6.
Apparel, «., vwatwa, 6.
Appear suddenly or unobserved, v.L,
tema.
for a moment only, v.t., sunsumina.
(come into view, also come out of
sun, moon, or stars), v.i., seloka.
Appearance, «., zizi, 6 ; see nsampu,
2, App.
altered, «., ekitu, 8.
Appetite (taste), n., kinzola-nzola, 5.
Application, close (to one's work), n.,
luntati, 10 ; sungididi, 6,
Apply one's self closely to (one's
work), v., sia...o luntati (10)
or sungididi (6).
as a brake or against the surface
(of something revolving), v.t.
kakidila.
Appoint (fix), v., sikinisa (Bako),
konkota, sikana.
appointed (by), a., -esika-sika (yo).
to a duty, v.t., toneka, sonekena,
sila.
(tell off to a duty), suma.
the day appointed, n., e lumbu kia
nkangu (4) a ntangwa.
Apprehension (fear), ;/., swengenia,
6 ; nsumbi, 2 ; nsumbi-nsu-
mbi, 2.
be full of, v., yela e swengenia or
nsumbi.
Appropriate, v.t., lamuna.
(fitting), a., -ansongi.
Approve of, v., ludika ; lunganisa ;
see also tonda, App.
Apron, «., lenga, 6.
Arachid, harvest season for, «,,
nsungi (2) a mpava.
crushed with pepper and salt, «.,
kindungu, 5.
Arc, Arch, n., ngumbu, 2.
Ardent, be, v.i., vela-vela.
Arduous, a., -afuki.
Are, n., are, meta akare 100.
Arise, v.i., zangumuka (never used
by an inferior in reference to a
superior),
(of a dispute), v., [e mpaka (2) zi-]
lekama.
Arm, see nkonda a koko, App.
to cross the arms over the chest
and clasp one's shoulders, ta nko-
ndobela (2) (Bako), zinga
nkondo (4) (Bako).
Around, adv., e kinzieta.
prep., muna nzingaluka (2) a.
Arouse and cause to run away, v.t.,
dikumuna.
and run away, v.i., dikumuka.
Arrange, v., kumpa, lumpika.
(fix),-?/., sikanisa (Bako), konkota,
sikana.
in a line, v.t., kiatumuna, kialu-
muna.
together according to size, height,
or quality, v., taka, takanisa.
(set right straight), v., ludika.
be arranged, as above, v., lulama.
Arrangement (with), make an, v.,
konka dio (yo) ; bakonkele
dio yo nengandi, they arranged
it with so and so.
Arrogant, be (arrogate great things
to one's self), v., kumvalala,
kuvalala.
make, kumvidika, kuvidika, ku-
mvika.
Article {gram.), yikilwa, 6.
Artifice, «., lumpeso, to.
As for, conj., vo i, ngavo, ngavo i.
as if, as though, conj., ne banza vo.
as often as you (he, &c.) like, kie-
kiele kaka.
(725 )
As-Att
As, continued.
as soon as, a^7/., Tina...kaka ifiast),
ovo...kaka (/«/.)•
as well, adv., kumosi ; he goes
as well, oyandi o-kwenda
kumosi.
as well, as well as, conj., i after the
demonstrative pronoun in what-
ever position; these (people)
will go and Nlemvo as well,
aya bekwenda, oyu i Nlemvo.
As well as we who are here, aya
i yeto tuna vava ; we bought
those knives on our market, and
those hoes (which you hold) as
well, tusumbidi e mbele zina
vana ezandu dieto, ezo i
nsengO ; I cannot come, for I
am too busy, and these visitors
have come as well, kilendi
kwiza ko e kuma e salu kingi
ngina kiau, ezi i zau nzenza
ezi zizidi.
as well as, musungula (before the
noun).
Ascend, go up (a hill or tree), v., tota,
kuma.
(as smoke), «., fotomoka, fita.
Ashes, reduce to, v., komona, bo-
mona.
Aside (apart), adv., e kikaka (5), e
kingenga (5), kuna mpenga
(2), va beko (6).
Ask to come, v., susumuna, vuku-
lula.
Askew, adv., nzungu (4).
a., -anzungu.
Asleep, fall, v., wondoka yo tulu
(pi. 10).
Asparagus, n., kalala, 6 ; nsende,
2 & 1 1 ; nsende-nsende, 2.
Assemble, v.t., lunganisa.
(of people only), vd., lungwa, kuta.
(of things only), vd., kuta.
Assembly, n., lukutakanu, 10.
Assiduous, be, vd., see persevere,App.
Assistance, n., nsadisa, 2 ; luambu,
10.
render, v., vana luambu.
withhold, in crisis, vd.^ filakesa,
Assistance, continued.
lulumuna, lundumuna, twa-
lakesa ; see K.-Eng. App.
Assume the government, yala e
nkuwu (2), see nkuwu, App.
airs, t/., kukdndidika.
(some very great work), z/./.,kuvkka,
vakama, vampama.
become responsible for, v., yekama.
Assumption, n., kuvaka, 9.
Assurance (guarantee), «., lusikidi-
su, 10.
Astonishment (dumbfounded), «.,
luzengeneko, 10.
utter cries of, v., kululuka, kiolo-
loka.
Astounded, be, vd., sivika, kumba.
be very, kuzengeneka {refl), zenga-
nana, yenganana.
Astray, go, v., tungiana, zieziana.
to lead, send, tungianisa, ziezia-
nisa.
one who has gone, «., ntungianu,4.
At all, adv., wonso ; he did not speak
at all, yandi kavovi diambu
wonso.
first, adv., vana kintete, vana
ntete, e ntete.
once, adv., VOVO fulu, VOVO vau,
kikilu; see also mu (i mu),
App.
at once is expressed also by the
reduplicated verb, to take at
once, bonga-bonga.
Athwart, adv., oku nkayikwa.
Attached to, be, or become, v.t.,
selomokena, sia...o luntati
(10).
Attachment, great, n., luntati, 10 ;
see K.-Eng. App.
loving, n., lunziototo, 10.
Attack in force, vd., bundamena.
Attempt to do something, well know-
ing it to be hopeless, vd., ku-
flanunga, fianungina.
Attend [(listen) to a matter], vd.,
vivila.
Attention, give, v., teka matu (9).
refuse attention to what is heard, v. ;
see pakumuna, App.
Att-Bea
( 726)
Attentive, a., -anzoko-zoko.
Audit, vJ., visa.
Auditor, «., mpisa, 2.
Authority, «., olodi, 2 (P. ordem).
delegated, n., wiswa, 6 ; wisiswa, 6.
(over), kiyekwa (kia) 6.
Avarice, n., evudidila, 8 ; ukabn, 12.
Avaricious person, «., ekabu, 8.
Avenue, ;/., mumpumpu, 3.
Avoid carefully, v., kukenka.
Avoided, something to be, /z., mve-
ngo, 4.
Awake, vJ., katumuna.
z/.z., katumuka.
with a start, v.i., dikumuka.
Aware, be, v., lubuka.
make, v.t., tumbulwila.
Awful, something, «., tema, 6.
Axe, n., kiubi, 5 (Bako) ; sengele, 6
(Bako) ; kiavu, 5.
Axle | ''" ^^^*^' ^ ' ^'' ^--^ng. App.
Axle-tree, n., nsimbinini (a lu-
ngungu) 2.
Babe, innocent, ;/,, wanzio (12) wa
nsa (4).
Baby,«., j<?(?iitiobo and mbobola, App.
Babyhood, ?/., kiswa, 5 ; kisedia, 5.
Back to back, adv., lunima-nima.
Backwards, adv., lunima-nima.
Bad, be or become, v.t., yiva.
very, a., -andudi (bitter).
Bag, with a running string sewn into
and around its neck, n., ki-
mpodi, 5.
Bale, n., mfuna, 4.
Ban, n., kandu, 6; see K.-Eng. App.
Bang ! interj., tewa !
to make a, v., xia e tewa.
Bank, along the, muna (&c.) nlambu
a nlambu ; lunseka-lunseka.
bank of earth, n., ekunkwa, 8.
Baptism, n.,pass., mvubwa, 2.
after the rite of the Church of Rome ;
see mungwa, App.
Bar, n., mbmdi, 2.
Bare, a., -ampenza, -ankulungunzu.
(dreary), a., -angidinginza.
place, 71., seswa, 6.
small, n., evela, 8.
Bareness, n., seswa, 6 ; nkulungu-
nzu, 4 ; mpenza, 2.
Bargain over a price, v., ta or vuna
e ntalu (2).
Barnacle, n., eyidi, 8 (Solongo).
Barrier, n., kaku, 6.
Base, basis, ezuku, 8 ; see K.-Eng. App.
(foundation), n., nsilu, 2 ; nsidi-
kwa, 2.
something having no base to stand
upon, n., nsundungulu, 4-
Basin, n., kila, 5 ; lumpinu, 10.
Basis, see base, App.
Basket of fan palm leaves, «., nteva,
2.
to carry poultry in, «., valanga, 6.
of very open work, for things which
need air, 7i., senze, 6.
Bat (small), n., mvinde, 11 & 2.
Bath, take a vapour or steam, v.,
bukamena e futwa (6).
Bauhinia, a species of, large yellow
flower, ndemba - lemba, 2 ;
mundemba, 2.
B.C. (before Christ), V.K., (diavita
Kristu).
Be, to, v., -eka {defective, pres. indef.
tense only) (Bako), -ina, defec-
tive, see p. 690 & ka &-ina, App.
who is, was, etc., wa, see also -ina
vo, App.
Beads the strings of which are all
full count, nzimbu (pi. 2) za-
Beak, n., nsodia, 2.
Bear in mind, v., sia oku ntima (4).
(endure) v.t., siamina.
patiently, stoically, v., zozoka,
zizila, viyidila.
she who bore, muti (pi. miuti), 3.
Beard (long), n., papa, 6 ; kievo, 5.
Beat, v.t., kafa.
against (as a storm), v.i., wulama
muna.
cruelly, severely, v.t., yosona, yo-
vona, niosona, teva.
( 727)
Bea-Bet
Beat, contitiued.
with, zuba, vama, venza.
(with a lash or rods), vizula, zwa-
bula.
(with a stick), t/., kwangula.
Beautiful, be, v., kenga.
very, kekoka.
make, kekola.
Because, see under sia, i sia vo, and
kala kwa, App.
(for the reason that), conj.^ e bila,
e bila ye ebandu.
(since, now that), wau vo, wau
kina or kinana vo, wau kadi.
Beckon, v.t., labisa (Bako).
Becoming, «., -ansongi.
be, v., songa.
it is, i betela kiki.
Bedstead, «., mbuka, 2 (Kib.) ; basa,
6 (Bako) ; kingembo, 5.
Beetle, the unicorn, also others of
fine metalHc colour, «., yunga,
8 (Bako).
Befall, z/., vaika.
have befall one, v., vaikilwa.
Befitting, be, v.i.^ songa.
it is, i betela kiki.
Before (in time), adv.^ e nkete, pre-
ceditig the predicate^ which
should be in the subj. mood,
a?id 07ily used where the action
is not yet performed j before
you sit down, tie the goat, e
nkete ofonga, okanga e nko-
mbo.
(in place or time), prep., kuna ntu
a.
(while as yet... not), adv., wau or
una ke...ko, vava ke...ko,
see also yavana, App. ; before
the time, wau ke kiafwene e
ntangwa ko.
Beg (beseech), v., wondelela.
I beg you to allow me further to re-
mark, ke mu simba edi dia
vova ko.
Beget, he who begat, ;/., muti, 3 (pi.
miuti).
Begin, v.t., bandama, toza, bantama,
dokama.
Begin, continued.
begin crying, v., seloka dila (9).
Beginning (the first thing), ;/., mba*
ndamu, 2 ; ngyatiku, 2.
(the point from which it was com-
menced), «., eyatiku, 8 ; eba-
ntiku, 8.
(making, creation), esemo, 8 ; from
the very beginning, tuka kuna
esemo.
Beguile, t/./., vukika.
Behave, v., sikila.
Behind, adv., lunima.
be left behind by mistake, v., sa-
didila.
Being, n., nkala, 2.
Belated, be, v.i., yididilwa, bwiti-
dilwa.
Belief (creed), ft., kwikizi, 6.
Believe (a person), v.t., kwikidila.
see think, zaya, «& nkanka, App.
Believed, be (of a matter), v.i., kwi-
kana.
cause to be, v.t., kwikanisa.
Beloved, a., -anzolwa, -a nsi a
ntima (4).
one specially, n., ntambuki, i & 4.
Bend, v.t., koza.
down, v.t., yizika.
v.i., yizama.
Benediction, n., lusambu, 10.
Benevolence, «., luzolo, 10 ; nge-
mba, 2 pi.
Benighted, be, v.i., bwitidilwa (of
time only), bubalala, yididi-
lwa (mentally also).
Bereaved, be, v., fwilwa, kala ku
fwidi.
of, fwidilwa.
person, ;/., mfwidi, i & 4.
Bereavement, n., fwidi, 6.
Beriberi (?), n., mpimbu, 2.
Beryl, n., beril, 2.
Beseech, v., wondelela.
Beside, adv., see as well, App.
Best, do one's very, v., babanisa,
vangalela ; he did his best in
building it, obabanisi yo
tunga.
Bet, «., ntela, 2.
Bet-Blu
(728)
Betray into difficulties, vJ., sinda-
kesa, twalakesa, lundumuiia,
lulumuna.
Betrothed n. (used only of the girl),
nzitikila, 2.
Better, become, v.i.^ see under voza,
also vaza, App.
feel much, 7/., mona e lo (6).
it would be better or best to..., see
wete-fiole ( 1 2), or wete-wete,
or mpasi, App.
(rather), deke, vezi.
Between, adv.^ kuna or muna or
vana mposoko ; see also under
kati, App,
Beverage, «., ndua, 2 ; inia, 9.
Bewail, with gesticulations, v.i.^ za-
zaua.
Beware ! interj.^ makono !
Bewilder, v.t., ziezianisa.
Bewildered, be, v., zayi (12 u-)
zenzela, zieziana ; see also per-
plexed, be, p. 158, & App.
Bid (tell), v.t., samwina.
(command), kanikina.
Big, rt., -ambafu, -ankofo ; see also
liking wa & utiangi, App.
Bigger, be, or become, in size, 7az*.,
tuntuka e ntela (2).
(stout, great), -atonga.
(of pigs only)^ «., -antongo.
Bigness (corpulence), n., tonga, 6.
Bird, young, //,, nswidi, 4 (Bako).
Birth (a being born), n., ewutuka,
8 ; from his birth, tuka ewu-
tuka diandi.
(a bringing forth), n., ewuta, 8 ;
her first bearing, ewuta diandi
diantete.
Birthright, «., efwafwa, 8.
Bishop, «., nkengi, i & 4.
liiT, «., vasina, 6 ; bela, 6 ; tente, 6.
least little, «., nsunungina, 2.
(slice), «., sele, 6.
Bite, •za, off a large piece, vwengo-
mona, vwengona.
Bitter, excessively, a., e kiokiolo, e
kiolo, adv.
Bitterness, «., nlula, 4.
excessive, «., nkio, 2.
Bitterness, continued.
of speech or feeling, «., lunkuln, 10.
Black, «., -afio.
be, grow, vd., fiota.
be very, via e mpila (2).
Blackness, n., ndombola, 2.
excessive, ;/., nziu, 2 ; fio (pi. 6),
Blame, v., semba.
«., lusembo, 10.
Blaspheme, 2/.,tiangnna (oNzambi).
Blasphemer, ??., ntianguni, 1, 2,& 4.
Blaze, «., nkwimu, 4.
V. kwima, lekoka.
Blend (combine), v.t.^ lumba.
Bless, vd., sambula.
(as God, not invoke a blessing), v. ;
vana e nsambn (2) ; see sakn-
muna, App.
Blessed, be, v., sambuka.
blessed one, «., nsambuki, i, nkwa
(i) nsambu.
Blessing, an invocation of a, ;/., lusa-
mbu, 10 ; lutaulwilu, 10 ; luka-
ndwilu, 10; .f^^ kandwila, App.
invoke, utter, pronounce, ^'./.,
sambula, taulwila.
Block, single, ;/., ebaya, 8 ; it is one
single block only, ebaya dimosi
kiau ekulu.
Block the view, 7/./., kika meso
(Pl- 7).
something which blocks the view,
nkakidiswa, 2.
up, see obstruct, App.
Blocked in by, be, ■z/., bambamena.
Blow (a fire) 7^., lemona, lemuna.
along, 7/.Z., vekomoka.
(as the wind), 7/./., vekomoka, beba.
out (distend), 7/./., tuva, tividika.
over or down (of the wind), 7/./.,
vitumuna.
up (as gunpowder), vd.^ vubuna.
(with the breath), 7/./., fula.
the manner in which a blow was
struck, «., ewanda, 8.
Blunt, «., -ambufu-bufu.
Bluntness, ;/., bufu-bufu, 12.
Bluster (in speech), 7/., vulumukina.
rush and bluster (as the wind), t/./.,
pekomoka, vekomoka.
\
( 729 )
Boa-Bri
Boast, n., lusanu, 10.
Branch (of a tree only), «., ta, 6
Boasting, habit of, n., esemba, 8.
(Bako).
Body, dead (of an animal), n., fwila, 6.
small, kola, 6.
Bogie, n., kakungu, 9 ; ngobodi, 2.
branch out a second time {i.e. to put
Boil, v., fukusa (Bako), bila (Bake).
out a branch from a branch), t/.,
to pieces, vJ., bombomona.
tekola.
v.i., bombomoka.
Brass wire, thick, «., mbienga, 2.
Bold, be, v., kabuka.
Bravery, to show, v., songa mwi-
Boldly to tell or speak, v., kabula ;
ka (3) a kiakala (5).
he went and told it boldly to
Bread, ;/., kwanga, 6.
the chief, wele dio kabula kwa
Break in two, v.t., minguna.
mfumu.
(check), 71., nkakilwa, 2.
Boldness, n., unkabu, 12 ; ungya-
a law, n., bangula e nkuwu (2) ;
mu, 12 ; nkabu, 2.
j^^nkuwii,App.
Bolt (bar), n., mbindi, 2.
out (of a free fight), v., [nkindu (2)
Bond (covenant), n., ekangu, 8 ; nka-
i-] dituka.
ngu, 4.
pull and break in two, v.t., duduna,
(tie), n., kangwa, 6.
zuzuna.
Bondage, h., wayi, 12 ; uwayi, 12.
(snap) in two, kendona.
Booth, n., lembeka, 6.
a vow, v., fumba e ndofi (2).
Border of a cloth, «., bayi, 2 (P.
Breakfast, take, v., mina e ete (S) ;
bainha).
see ete, App.
Bored, in many places, a., -azoko-
Breast-cloth, n., lenga, 6.
zoko.
Breast-plate, n., nkikwa (2) a tulu
be (wearied), v., sukwa moyo (3) ;
(6).
tantwa e mpasi (2 pi.).
Breathe into, v.t., fulumwina.
Borers, those which destroy wood
the last gasp, v., kuma mongo
in brackish water, «., mumbidi,
(3) a fwa.
3 (Solongo).
softly (as one asleep or unconscious),
Borne by many, adv., e kamba-
v., tumbula, tundula.
kamba, e kakamba.
Breathing, painful, with difficulty, n.,
Borrow, vJ., see also sombola, App.
ekomongo, 8.
at interest, dima.
Breed (stock), n., kuna, 12.
Borrowed, a., -ansompa.
Breeder of stock, «., ntwedi, i & 4.
Bottle (for water for travelling), «.,
Breeze, strong, n., tembo, 6 (Bako).
luamba, 10.
Bribe (to secure judgment), «.,
Boulder, «., ngengele (2) a etadi.
mbabu, 2.
Boundary, n., mwingilu, 3 ; nke-
v., vana e mbabu.
ndelo, 2 ; nsilu, 4 ; luiku, 10.
given as a, a., -ambabula.
Bounds of moderation, «., ngingu, 2.
Bribery, n., mbabula, 2.
Bow down, v.t., yizika.
Bride, n., ndumba, 2.
v.i., yizama.
Bridegroom, «., kiyowa-nkiila, 5
Bowels, «., ekati, 8 ; see K.-Eng. App.
(so-called from the custom of
be regular as regards one's bowels,
rubbing a cosmetic of powdered
v., mona mafula (8).
camwood all over the body on
Bowl, «., lumpinu, 10 ; kila, 5.
the festal occasion).
Boy, «., kiusi, 5 (Bako).
Bridesmaid, n., ndumbizi, 2.
Brackish, a., -akanga (Solongo).
Brief, «., -a kolo kiakete.
Brain, «., tomvi, pi. 10 (Bako), wo-
Briefly ; so to state things briefly, it
mbo (Solongo).
was arranged that, kana mengi,
Bri-But
( 730)
Briefly, continued.
Bundle, «., efunda, 8.
vuya aka, dikubamene vo;
Burden, «., enatn, 8 ; zitu, 6.
see also story, App.
Burial, «., zikwa, 6.
Bright (dazzling), a., e sezi {adv.).
Burn, v.t., yisa (Bako).
(giving light), a., -antemo.
fiercely, v.i., lekoka.
be very, v.i., kengomoka.
up, to ashes, v., bomona, fumfula,
Brightness, «., elezi-lezi, 8.
fumpula.
dazzling, «., sezi, pi. 6.
v.i., bomoka, boma.
Brilliance, «., elezi-lezi, 8.
(set fire to), v.t., vika.
Brilliant, a , -elezi-lezi.
up with a roar, t/./., kitima.
Brim of a hat, matu (pi. 9) ma mpu
Burning fiercely, a., -anyuyi.
(2).
be burning to (anxious), 7/., vianga-
Bring up to the surface or up from
Iwa or zinwa moyo (3) or
the dead, %>., tumbulula.
ntima (4) ; moyo or ntima (u-)
to perfection, see perfect, App.
viangala or zina.
up again (some old affair), 2/./., zio-
(longing) 7/., lakukwa moyo
tola, not tcsed of or to one^s
(3) ; see K.-Eng. App.
betters; yangumuna.
Burnt, be (consumed by fire), z'.z.,
(foster), '<y.,tongonona,kubulula.
ya (Bako).
(rear), z/., kudisa.
up to ashes, be, t/.z., bomoka,boma.
Briophyllum calycinium,^., luyuki,
Burrow, n., nduzu, 4-
10 (Bako) ; luyukia-yukia, 10
Bush (jungle), «., mfuta, 4.
(Bako).
relapse to, 7/., futa.
Broken to atoms, be, v., wesomoka.
Business (trade, profession), n.,
Brokerage, ;?., mbata, 2 ; mboko, 2.
nkono, 4.
Brother (used by or of the opposite
(something to be attended to),
sex only), n., nsanga, 2.
nkolo, 4.
see also mwana-ngudi, App.
(work in one's profession), mfunu, 4 ;
Brow, «., mbunzu, 2.
he brought them a good deal
Bruise (& cause swelling), v.t.,
of business, mfunu wingi ka-
fungumuna.
batwasidi.
Brushwood, just outside a town, «.,
pressure of, nziezie, 4 ; nzieta, 4 ;
nganzu, 2 ; nkunku, 2 (Bako).
lunzumbulu, 10 ; I am very
Brute, brutal fellow, n., mbangadi,
busy, nziezie wingi ngina
I & 4 ; mbangazi, i & 4 ;
wan.
bangazi, 6.
one's first, «., vaki, 6 ; see K.-Eng.
Bubble slowly (of thick fluids), v.,
App.
bwadinga.
pressure of, nziezie, 4.
Build, n., kanda, 12 ; they are both of
Bustard, n., nkunda-ngongo, 2.
the same build, yau ewole ka-
Bustle (rush), ?z., ngungula-ngu-
nda umosi ; the build of one
ngula, 2.
who comes early to maturity,
Busy, be very, 7/./., zuwana.
kanda wa mvudi (4) or wa
Busybody, «., nyakami, i & 4.
VTilu-vulu (6).
be a, 7/.Z., yakama.
Building material, «., ntungu, 2
But, conj., nlongo (=mpasi, which
{sing, otily).
see).
Bulky, be, v.i., yilalala.
(bringing a strong contrast), kaka ;
render, 7/./., yididika.
do not as you like, but as I like,
Bump (protruding lump), «., fungu-
ke nuvangi luzolo lueno ko
dia, 6.
luame kaka (mine only).
( 731 )
But-Cas
But, continued.
(except), see evengwa, App.
but now, see kasi OWU, App.
Butcher, «., ntetedi, 4-
Buttress, «., mwekwa, 3 ; nsiku-
Iwa, 2 (Bako) ; nsiamu, 2.
Buy (a slave only), z/./., kutula.
up, z/./., kita.
Buzzard, jackal (buteo jackal), nka-
yi-nuni, 2.
white-breasted, ;/., nkodi (2) a-
nkwata.
By (day by day, &c.), see ke, App.
Cage, «., see nkulubu, App.
Calabar bean (the true), ^/., ngongo
(2) antela.
Calabash, medium-sized, n., mfiba, 4.
unripe or blighted, ebubulu, 8.
Calculate, v.i., dikula.
Calculation, by, adv., muna ki-
mbalu.
Call, v.t., loka (Bako), loka e mbila
(2) (Bako).
for (on the way), v., vitula.
(something to be brought), v.,
bokelesa.
(name), v., yika.
out (to a duty), v., suma.
over (names, items, &c.), tangu-
muna.
out loudly, v., kaluluka.
upon (a fetish), v., vovelela.
upon for help (beseech), v.t., wo-
ndelela.
upon, make a (visit), v., kangadila.
Calm, be, 7/., vuvama.
Camel, «., samo (Fr. chameau).
Camcensia maxima (bot.), «., mfunda-
ngavu, 4-
Camp (regular resting-place for tra-
vellers), «., eboko, 8.
Candle, «., nkengwa, 2.
Cannibal, «., mundia-wantu, 3.
Canoe, «., bwatu (Bako, pi. matu), 13.
Cape (headland), «., nkonko, 2 (So-
longo), ekunkwa, 8.
Capital (in trade), «., lusalu, 10 ;
kuta, 6.
in slaves, w., kuta, 6,
Captive, «., mbakami, i & 4 ; muntu
(i)ambaki.
«., -ambaki.
Care (anxiety), «., songololo, 6.
(business), lunzumbulu, 10.
(concern), «., sunga-sunga, 6.
done without any attempt at care,
a., -afwatiku -fwatiku.
be full of care, v.i., zumbuluka.
of, take good, v., kenga, keya.
(look after something alive or
movable), v.^ lunga-lunja,
yenga-yenga.
Careful (against), be very, v., ku-
kenka \refl. (muna)].
Careless, a., -ankwalu.
manner, in a, adv., nkwalu.
which involves great loss, «., nsoki
(4) a mbwanzi (2) ; see K.-Eng.
App.
Carelessness (blundering), n., nsa-
nsansalu, 2 ; see sansala.
Cargo, n., enatu, 8.
Carpenter, «., mbangu (2) a nti (4).
Carried on industriously, be, v.i.,
liniziana.
Carry away (as a flood, crowd,
&c.), v., twalakesa, kukumuna,
vitumuna.
(an infant) in a sling, v.t., zembeka.
on industriously, v.t., finizieka.
on the head without holding, nata
e ntentela (2).
safely through danger, v., wombesa.
something very heavy, v., kaba.
take up and carry away at once, v.t.,
kikula.
Carte blanche, allow, v.t., kuta-
misa {i-efi).
have, vd,, kutamina {refl^.
Carve (sculpture), vJ., sema.
Case in point, «., pwa-meso, 6.
to be judged, «., mfundu, 4.
in case that, or in case of (lest), cotij.^
-nkwa.
(if perhaps), unkwa, unkwa kala
vo ; see -nkwa, App.
Cas-Cha { '
132 )
Casing, «., ngumbu, 2.
Ceaseless, «., -ankwamu.
permanent, of leather, &c.,«.,kasu, 6.
Ceaselessness, «., kwaminini, 6.
Cassava leaves, and a dish prepared
Cell, «., see esangala, 8, App.
from them, «., nsaki, 2.
Censure, v., semba.
small field of, «., ntembelela, 2.
«., lusembo, 10.
Cassia fistula, ?i., nsazu, 4.
Centi- (metre, &c.)= x 100, senti-
Cast (into an abyss), v.t., nengona.
(meta, etc.).
one's self upon one's face, v.^ buka-
Centime, «., sentime, 2.
lala.
Centipede, « , mwalala, 3.
Castrate, v.t., nwata (Bako).
Centre, n., ndunda, 2 ; the centre
Cat-fish (siluroid), long-headed
of the town, ndunda a evata.
species of, n., dwele, 6 ; dole, 6.
the very, n., ediongi, 8.
broad-headed, ngola, 2.
line (of something long, as road.
Catch (seize), v.t,, yimba.
river, plank, &c.), n., munga-
and carry away, v., kukula.
nga, 3.
by cunning or treachery, v.t.^ lo-
Ceremonious, a., -afuka.
wela.
Ceremony, ft., fuka, 6.
the foot and stumble, v.i.^ kankala-
perform a, v., vanga e fuka.
kana, konkalakana.
Certain, be (not fail), v., ke lembi
catch hold of, v.t., kwata, dima.
ko ; he is certain to go, kele-
in great numbers (of fish), v., fu-
mbi kwenda ko.
muna.
it is very certain, e diambu yamu
in the very act (of), z/., vumbula
ludi.
(muna).
(evident), see also laya, App.
sight of, 7/./.,mona e kelezi (pi. 6).
a certain, a., -mosi, in the secondary
up (of one following), t/., bakana;
form, and prefixed with the
at last the other one caught up.
article of its class-, a certain
okalokala babakanini.
man, muntu omosi.
up in one's speech, yaka zunu
Certainly (by all means), adv., kiau
(13).
tu nki.
(with a hook or snare), v.t., kokeka.
(surely), j^^ mpandi & lembwa, App.
Cattle, ;z.,twezi, 6 (Bako).
Certainty, n., ziku, 6 ; lusikidisu,
Caught, be, get, become, vd., baika
10.
(Bako).
(sure knowledge of the facts), n.,
of a trap which has been caught
visa, 6.
somehow, and cannot be
Certificate, «., visa, 6 ; lusikidisu,6.
sprung, v., fwa e fumbi, 6.
Certify (formally), v.t., visa; see
be caught sight of, v.i., moneka e
K.-Eng. App.
kelezi (pi. 6).
Chafe (soreness), n., nlamu, 4.
Cause, n., bila, 6 ; ebandu, 8 ; eya-
Chaff, n., kieya, 5 (Bako) ; bietula,
ndu, 8 ; elonda, 8.
pi. 5 (Bako).
for this, e bila kiaki {with the appl.
v., ta kieya or bietula (Bako), kie-
form), e bila ye ebandu.
kielela.
(origin), n., ntondo, 2.
Chain (for prisoner), n., kingoyongo,
Cautious, be very (against), 7/., ku-
5-
kenka [re/l., (muna)].
to connect a prisoner with his keeper.
Cave, «., nzimba, 2 ; nduka, 4.
n., kimpanga-nkanu, 5.
Cavity, n., see esangala, 8, App.
Chalcedony, «., kalsedone, 2.
great, kompodia, 6, wompodia, 6.
Challenge, v.i., loba, see tuta
Cease, z/., voza.
nlembo (4), App.
( 733 )
Cha-Chu
Challenge, continued.
gun fired as, «., nzongO (4) a 8U-
ngu (6).
Chance (luck), «., zumbi, 6.
have a chance (means), 2/., kala yo
owu.
(opportunity), kala ye ntangwa
(2), baka e ntangwa, vwa e
nzila (2).
give a, 7/., sila e nzila (2).
Change (alteration), «., ekitu, 8.
bring about (of heart, not of outward
form), 7/./., kitumuna.
(of appearance), n.^ soba-SOba, 6.
(of food), «., mbingu, 2.
k(of a palaver or language only), v.i.,
bindama.
one's mind, t/.z.jVilukwa ntima(4).
or opinion, &c., v.i , vilula.
CHANGED, be (for the bad), in opinion,
character, & heart, t/.z., biondo-
moka,|bendomoka.
Changeableness, n., vilu-vilu, 6.
Channel, «., nkwala, 2.
Chapel, n., esambilu, 8.
Chapter (in a book), ;z., ekono, 8.
Charge not to, to, 7/., kanikina.
(before judges), z/., funda.
(load), «., zitu, 6.
of, place in, v., sia e kiyekwa (5)
kia.
of, take (of an orphan or helpless
person «?r something in no one's
care), v., konkolola.
Charm (fetish), ?z., mpandu, 2.
Charms (beauty), «., wete, 12.
Chase (those fleeing in war), «.,
kulana.
«., nkula, 4-
Chasm caused by the subsidence of
the earth, «., volo, 6 ; voloka, 6.
Chastening (discipline), n.^ elongi, 8.
(punishment), tumbu, 6,
Chastity, ?z., see ziku, App.
Chatterbox, «., nkwa (i) lungwedi
(10), lumbwambokoso, 10.
Cheap, be, v., fwika (Bako), fika.
Cheat (overreach), z/.z., teka e nga-
ngu (2).
v./., tekela e ngangu.
Check (brake), «., nkakilwa, 2.
7A, kakila, kakidila.
Check, v.t., ningika, kindika.
Cheek, a swollen, ;z., eyititi, 8.
Chewed refuse, «., nkamvi, 4.
Chicken, little, «., susubwila, 6 ;
kinsusubwila, 5.
Child, «., lezi, 6.
little, bala-bala, 6 (Bako) ; ki-
rn wana-mwana, 5 ; kingyana-
ngyana, 5.
undersized, dwele, 6.
the firstborn to a man, «., mwana
(i) a toko (6).
only begotten, n., kialati, 5 ; this is
my only child, kialati kiame
kiki; these are the only two
children I have had, eyayi
yau ayole yalati yame. {If
there were others^ but they are
dead, this word cannot be used.)
Chilliness, n.., ezizima, 8.
Chilly, «., -ezizima.
Chin, n., zevo, 6 (Bako).
Chip, «., vasina, 6.
Choice, allow free, t/., kutamisa.
Choose (select), 7/,/, dimbuna, ta.
Chord of music, «., eleko, 8. The
following are the names of the
ivory horns set to the chord : —
mi', luenze, 10.
do', sengele, 6.
sol, ngandu, 2.
mi, evula, 8.
do, koka-titi, 6.
the sound of the key-note, ekanda,
8.
Chorus or choral answer in anti-
phonal song, ?z., nyaku, 4.
to sing, 7/., yakulula, yakula.
Christian, «., Nkristu, i.
a., -ankristu.
Christianity, n., kikristu, 5.
Chronicles, /z., lusansu, 10.
Chrysalis, «., kintekwa, 5 (Bako) ;
kinketa, 5 (Bako).
Chrysolite, /z., krisolite, 2.
Chrysoprase, «., krisoprase, 2.
Church (building), «., esambilu, 8 ;
nzo (2) a Nzambi.
Chu-Clo
C734 1
Church, continued.
Clear, be, v.i., kia.
(company of Christians or the
make, v.t, kiesa.
Church universal), nsa, 4 (a
be (as crystal), v.i., yedima.
Kristu).
be (manifest), t/.z., senzama.
Churlishness, n., nkumfu, 4 ; lu-
make, v.t., senzeka.
nkumfu, 10,
off, v.i.^ vula.
Cinnamon, ?/., kanele, 2 (Fr. can-
the road (to allow some one to pass).
nelle).
v., sila e nzila (2) ; why did you
Circle, n., zongolo, 6 ; nkongolozi, 2.
not clear the road for me 1 adieyi
Circuitous, be, v.i., viongoloka,
olembele kunsidila e nzila.
viotakana, viondoloka, ko-
the throat, v., kekomona.
ndoloka, zieta.
(transparent), a., -amoni.
Circumcise, v.t., yotesa.
it is (&c.) very clear that, ditomene
Circumcised, be, v.i., yota.
kusenga.
Circumcision, «., usewa, 12.
it is quite clear, e diambu yamu
Circumspect, be, v., kukenka {refl).
ludi.
Civilization, n., see ngwizani, 2,
Clearing, make a good wide, vj..
App.
venzomona.
Clamour, «., biaula, pi. 5 (Bako) ;
Clearly, clearly evidenced, adv.^ e
miangu., pi. 3 ; lokoso, 10.
pwa-meso (6).
Clan, «., ezimi, 8.
visible, adv., e kimona-meso.
Clang, «., tietiekele, pi. 6.
(in a clear open space), vana mpe-
Clanging, a., -angenge.
mbe (2).
Clanship, «., uzimi, 12.
Clench the teeth, v., kamika
Clap the hands before beginning to
meno (pi. 7).
speak, v., totola.
Clever, be, v.i., luenga, luengoloka.
(of the hands, showing surprise), «.,
a., -anluengi.
efufu, 8.
person, n., nluengi, I & 4.
clap thus, v., bunda e efufu.
Cleverness, n., lue, pi. 6 ; luenga, 9 ;
(for thanks, congratulation, or sur-
ndwenga, pi. 2 ; diela, 7.
prise), 7/., vuba ; he clapped
Click ! iuterj., kwaka ! twe !
his hands with surprise, OVUbi-
Climb, v.t., kuma, tota.
di lukofi.
Clod, «., ebwengelekete, 8.
Clapping (noise), ??., toto, 6.
Close together, adv., e kimfini (5).
Clasp the hands over the head, t/., ta
up (as a wound), v., vinduka.
kintanda (Bako), zinga e ki-
Closeness, n., kimfinangani, 5 ;
ntanda (5).
mfinangani, 2 ; mfini, 2.
Class (of men or society), «.,nzangi, 2.
(stuffiness), n., ndnkutila, 2.
Clay, pottery, n., luwumba, 10.
Cloth, see also ndembi-nona, App.
mixture of clay with palm- wine, see
of fine texture, n., nlaya, 4.
towa, Appendix.
house or duster, «., evuya, 8.
Clean, be, 7/., lengoka, lenguka.
loin cloth, having a fringe on its
make (white and shining), z/./.,
lower edge, n., pamba, 6.
kengomona.
old or rough to wear at one's work,
(a child which has made a mess).
n., koka, 6.
7/./., komba, kokanisa (Bako) ;
red, «., salazi, 2 (P. sarge).
kusuna.
striped, n., tuta, 6.
Cleaning rag, «., evuya, 8.
velvet brocade (native cloth) as
be (as crystal), v.i., yedima.
woven on the Upper Kasai, «.,
Cleanness, «., tununu, pi. 6.
nsimba-lusangu, 2.
(735 )
CLO-COKf
Clo TH, co7itinued.
white baft, «., mpanu, 2 (P. panno).
worn over the breasts, «., lenga, 6.
Clothes-horse, Hne to hang clothes
on, «., ezalu, 8.
Clothing, n., vwatwa, 6.
Cluu, (kill with a club), v.t., T)ola.
Clumsy, «., -ansansansalu.
Cluster (group), «., ekutu, 8 ; ekutu-
kutu, 8 ; ekuti, 8 ; kuti-kuti,6.
Clutch, v.t., fiantikina.
Coalesce, v.i., vukana.
Coat, ?/., ekutuwa, 8.
Coco yam (Taro, Colocasea ?), «.,
mvindi (4) a elanga ('8), (pi.
mvindi mia malanga).
Cogitate, v., lamba, dikula.
Coil (of ntaku wire), «., sasa, 6.
Coincide, 7/.,kweiida e bambala (6).
Cold (chilliness), ezizima, 8 ; todi,
pi. 6.
rt., -ezizima.
Collect by degrees, little by little,
v., wonzekela, wonzolola, to-
tolola.
Collection, n., ngonzekela, 2.
Colony, «., evanga, 8 ; evanga dia
nsi (2).
Colour, n.^ see also nziu & lo, App.
lose, 7/.Z., seboka, pukuka.
Colouring matter, «., dima, pi. 6.
Column (of cloud or smoke), «.,
kintungila, 5.
(pillar), «., elunzi, 8.
(row), ;/., nlonga, 4.
Come (an angry word), v.t., viangila ;
do not come into my house (you
„ rascal), kuviangila mu nzo
^^Hn crowds, v.i., nietoka, niotoka.
^^Bi a great crowd, v.i.^ buka.
^^■ito one's mind or head, yimamuna
^^B ntima (4).
j^^Bave come into one's head, yimwa
muna ntima.
into view, v.i., seloka.
out (of new leaves), 7/., tomboloka.
(of sun, moon and stars), z/.z., se-
loka.
(of the stars), v., deka.
Come, continued.
(of sunshine after dulness), v.^
teka.
out (of something in which it was
encased or embedded), v.i., 80-
koka.
to the point or to business, 7/., zi-
kula e diambu (7).
to the surface, up again, 7/., tongO-
moka, tnmbuluka.
to one's senses or self, 7/., vunguka,
vungukilwa, kumona, kuzaya.
to the surface of the earth, v.i.^
bangumuka.
together (of persons only), 7/./., lu-
ngwa.
violently (of wind or rain), t/.z*., vi-
kuka.
well together (as in a good joint), v.^
vinduka.
Comfort (peace of mind), ?z., lufi-
auku, TO ; fiauzi, 12.
after a good meal, sense of, «.,
nzengele, 2.
Comforter (restorer of peace of
mind), n., mfiaulwisi, i & 4.
Coming, reason for, «., ngizilu, 2.
Command, w., nkanikinu, 4.
7/., kanikina.
(tell to), Yi^2b,/cllowed by its object^
otherwise vova must be used in-
stead.
Commence, t/.z"., toza, bantama, ba-
ndama, dokama.
Commencement (the first thing), n.,
mbandamu, 2 ; ngyatiku, 2.
Commend, t/.z"., sanisa.
to one's charge, yekeka.
Commission (fee), «., mboko, 2 ;
mbata, 2.
Common, have or possess in, 7/., le-
ndana.
sense, «., ntona, 2.
(ordinary), a., kibeni ; see also
mpasi, App.
Commotion, «., pita-pita, pi. 6.
be in great, v.i., pitakana, pitana,
tembela.
(noise indicating a commotion), «.,
ndiki-diki, 2.
COM-CON
(736)
COMMUNION, J ^^^^^^i ki-
COMMUNITY, )
ntwadi, 5.
Companion, «., mpwa, 2 (Bako) ;
mboki, 2 (Kib).
Companionship, «., kinkwa, 5 ;
unkwa, 12 ; kintwadi, 5 ; u-
ntwadi, 12.
(on the way), nkangalu, 4.
Company (large number of people),
«., evwangi, 8.
joint stock, n., kibale, 5.
as a, adv.^ e kibale.
(on the way), n., nkangalu, 4.
Compare together, v.t., tezanisa,
fwaninika.
Comparison, standard of, nonga-
nonga, 6.
make a comparison, v.^ sia e nonga-
nonga.
Compel, ?/., nwengena.
Complain to, z/.A, yidimina.
Complaisancy, «., see ngemba, 2,
App.
Complete (perfect), be, v., kunkuka,
vangama.
v.t., kunkula.
Completion (of term, quantity), n.^
nlungu, 4-
Compose (a speech, poetry, &c.), v.^
yinda.
Composed (calm), be, ntima (4, u-)
bwa.
Compound, see -anatana, App.
Comprehend, 7/., vungula.
Compress, -z/., koneka.
Compressed, be, v.i., kona.
Compulsion, n.^ mfunka, 2 ; I was
under compulsion, ku mfunka
yasilu.
Concave, to be, v.i., kompoka, ko-
foka, vompoka.
make, v.i., kofola, kompola, VO-
mpola.
Concealed, «., -akinswekamena,
-asweki.
Concern (anxious), «., sunga-su-
nga, 6.
Concision, «., luseoko, 10.
Conclude, z/./., fula.
Conclude, continued.
I conclude with this ; see under ye-
kama, App.
Conclusion, bring to a, v.t,, fula.
(decision), come to a, ?:'./., solola.
(end), «., nsilu, 4-
Concord, t/., wawaiia.
«., ngwawani, 2.
Conduct, by force, ?/./., filakesa.
Cone, n.^ ekunkwa, 8.
Confide, t/.z., fiata (P. confiar).
Confidence, n.., vuvu, 6 ; lufiatu,
10 (P. confiar) ; see also nka-
nka, App.
baseless, kiememe, 5.
place, impose, v., bunda e vuvu (6).
mutual, bundana e vuvu.
Conflagration, a great, ??., nkiti-
mu, 4-
Conform to, z/., kala e fwani-fwani
(6) ye. _
to new conditions, minuka.
Confound (perplex), v., kindakesa.
Confuse (derange), v., vwalangasa
(Bako), vwangalakesa.
Confusion, n., evwanga, 8 ; ntia-
ugalakani, 2 ; mpioto, 2.
in, ^., -evwanga.
rush along in, -z/.z"., vindana.
Congo Free State, n., Ekongo dia-
ngani.
Congratulate, v., lufiaulwisu, 10 ;
vana lukofi, 10.
Congratulation, n., lukofi, 10.
Conjunction (^r^w.),«.,kangilwa, 6.
Conquer, v.L, tufakesa.
Conquered, be, v.i., tufakana.
Conscience, «., ntona, pi. 2.
Consciousness, recover, 7/., vunguka,
vungukilwa, kumona, ku-
zaya.
Consider carefully, v., lamba, di-
kula, vimpita.
Consideration, show each other, ?y.,
yinduziana.
Consolation, n.^ luwondelelo, 10
{act), luwondeleko, 10 {pass.).
(peace of mind), «., fiauzi, 12 ; lu-
fiauku, 10.
Console, 7/./., wondeleka.
f:
( 737 )
CON-COR
Constant, a., -ankwamu.
be constant in (unremitting), t/./.,
iinizieka.
Constantly, be, ta, sama, lakama.
Constipation, w., mfinga, 2.
Construct (of many materials), vJ.,
tudika.
Consult, r/.z'., vetama (lay their
heads together) vumhuka
(sit up again) ; they consulted
together, and then, baveta-
mene bavumbukidi.
Contain, v. Kongos do not say
what a thing contains^ but
rather where the things are, or
what things are in it \ this case
contains nails, e nkele yayi
nsonso zina mo.
Contempt, «., lutunu, 10 (Bako) ;
luvezo, 10 ; lutialu, 10.
Contentment, ;/., lufiauku, 10 ;
fiauzi, 12.
Contentious fellow, «., nganga (2)
a mpaka (2).
Continually, to... (do, &c.), v., la-
kama, sama; olakamene
kwenda, he went continually.
Continue to follow, 7/./., landidila,
lakama.
doggedly, v.i., dokalala, finizieka.
long at (a place), t/.z., zingila.
Continuous, a., -ankwamu.
CoNTiNuousNESS, ?z., kwaminini, 6.
Contract, ?z.,iikangu, 4 ; ekangu, 8.
v.t., kanga e ekangu.
(stipulation), ebika, 8, genly. plural.
Contradict (deny), v.t., vakula
nkalu (4).
Contrary, be (of the wind), v. [e
tembwa (6) ki-] tala.
act contrary to advice, kuzuka
malongi (pi. 8).
Contribute, t/., kuba.
Contribution, «., ekau, 8.
Control, beyond all, a., -atununu.
be, v.i., tununuka.
proper, «., tlTUU, 6 ; lutunu, 10.
be well under, v., tuna.
Convalescence, n., lo, 6.
Convalescent, be, ■&',, mpna e lo (6).
Conversant, be well, t/., via, via e
mpila (2), biluka.
Converse with, v.i.^ yambila yo
(Bako).
Conversion, «., luviluku (10) lua
ntima (4).
Convert, ;z., mvilu, 2.
7A, vilula ntima.
Converted, be, v., vilnkwa ntima.
Cook sufficiently, ?/./., yisa (Bako).
Cooked, be, t/.z., ya (Bako).
be well, but not burnt, t/.z., boma.
Cooking, cleverness in making tasty
dishes out of httle nothings, ti.y
velezieka, 6.
make such dishes, 7/., velezieka^
Copper, «., ngambaka, 2.
Copulate, v., zoma.
(of animals), v., vukula.
Copy, v.t., tanginina, tangununa.
produced, «., tanginina, 6.
to be imitated, «., mbandu, 2 ;
tangininwa, 6.
exact, ;z., nkutu-bandu, 2.
Copy-book, «., nkanda (4) a nkutu-
bandu.
Cord, n., mfumvu, 2.
plaited (of palm frondlets, &c.), ;z..
Cordiality, «., luyayidilu, 10.
Cordially, treat, z/.A, yayidila.
Core (heart, centre), n., kingudi, 5,
Corn, very soft green, «., ntwenia, 4.
(grain generally), «., ma (pi. 6) ya
mbwaza.
Corner, «., nzinga, 4.
v.t., vakika.
of a sheet, &c., nsambu, 2.
Corpse, n., see deceased, App.
dry a corpse, vJ., kavisa.
Corpulence, n., tonga, 6.
Corpulent, «., -atonga.
Correct, a., -akosi, -avia e mpila ;
correct speech, mambumakosi.
to pattern or gauge, a., -anonga-
nonga.
Correctness (in manner, style,
speech, &c.), «., kosi, 6.
Corrugation, a, n., mungumbuti,J.
Corrupt (make evil), 7/., bangumuDca
3 B
Cor-Cro
( 738 )
Corrupt, couHttued.
se mbi (4) of persons or bi (12)
of things; yivisa.
Corruptible (perishing),^., -anwodi.
be, v., wolakana.
Corruption, n.^ uwolezia, 12.
Cost (altogether), v., kota muna;
they cost 100 brass rods, ziko-
tele muna loontaku.
Councillor, the most trusted, ?/.,
nemfilatu, i.
Counsel, vJ., kubikila.
Count carelessly, v.t, lambakesa.
by turning up at one corner, v.,
samba.
Countenance, «., zizi, 6.
Country (in contradistinction to the
town), n., evinza, 8.
far away, foreign, n., malongo, pi.
8.
Courage, «.,Tinkabu, 12 ; ungyamu,
12 ; nkabu, 2.
Courageous, be, v., kabuka.
Court, before an open, adv., ova
etenda-nkongolo.
(of a king), n., see lelelwa, 6, App.
open a, see mbazi a nkanu, App.
Courteous, a., -afuka.
Covenant, n., ekangu, 8 ; nkangu, 4.
// is better to use the former for
the singular, and the latter in
the plu7-al, unless the singular
and the plural are mentioned
close together, to avoid confusion
with makangu {pi. 8), friends,
and nkangu (4), a crowd,
make a, v., kanga e ekangu, 8
or nkangu, 4.
Cover, n., fukwa, 6.
imperfectly, v., see vunga, App.
Covering, outer, n., ngumbu, 2.
Crack ! ijtterj., balanganza ! kwa-
ka ! twe !
in the corner of one's mouth, ndu-
ngununa, 2.
in the lip, n., nsivu-sivu, 2.
in the skin between the fingers or
toes, «., nsingu (2) a nzi (2).
Cracking of twigs by an animal in
the *' bush," «., tie-tie, 6.
Craft, n., ekondeka, 8 ; ekoneka, 8 ;
diela, 7.
Craftily, act,z/., teka e ngangu (2).
Craftsman, a good, ;/., mfuzi, 2.
Crag, a beetling, n., lunengananu, 10.
Cramp and stiffness after sitting a
long while, ;/., suka-suka, 9.
Crashing, made by a great beast in
a forest, n., mfoto, 4. |
Craving for, n., kinzola-nzola, 5^
mad, v., eketo, 8 ; he is mad for
water, eketo dia maza kena
diau.
Create (make something shapeless
into some form), 7aA, sema.
Creation, n., esemo, 8.
the whole, n., nsema, 4 ; see also
lelelwa (pl.6) ya Nzambi, App.
(a creating), nsema, 2.
Credit on, «., e kipodi, 5 ; see trust,
App.
Creed, n., kwikizi, 6.
Creek, n., mwidila, 3 (Bako) ; nsu-
lu, 4.
Creeper, thorny, n., ewole, 8 ; ewele, 8.
Cretonne, any cloth of floral design
in many colours, n., esungi, 8.
Crew of a ship, one of, n., mumpa-
mbala, 3.
Cricket, mole, n., nzenze, 2.
(small), n., kinzenze, 5.
Crime, be guilty of, v., nata nkanu
(4).
capital, nata e mpanda (2).
a terrible crime which can never be
atoned for, n., mungadu, 3 (P. ?
peccado .?)
very great, see ngungu, App.
Crisp, be hard and, v.i., balalala.
make, v.t., badidika.
Crooked, be, v.i., bendomoka, benda,
viongoloka, viotakana, zu-
ngumuka.
(as a road, fence, &c.), a., -ampiolo.
make, v.t., bendesa, bendomona,
viongolola, viotakesa.
Crookedness (of disposition), «.,
nkumfu, 4 ; see also nya, App.
Crop, n., nkumbu, 4.
Cross (lay athwart), v.t., kambika.
(739)
Cro-Cut
Cross-examine, v., kunka.
Cry, continued.
Cross-eyed, make, v.t., vididika o
out aloud in song, v., yengoloka.
rneso (pi. 7)-
(scream as an infant), yabala, ya-
be, meso (ma-) vilalala.
yakiana.
Cross-piece or line, «., nkayikwa, 2.
Cube, «., kube, 2.
Cross- WISE, adv., ku nkayikwa.
Cubic, a., -akube.
Crow, v.i., kuba.
Cultivated country, n., evinza, 8.
Crowd (throng) about (one), z/.A,
Cunning, «., ekondeka, 8 ; eko-
zadila.
neka, 8 (generally pi.) ; diela, 7.
around (of a great crowd), 7/./., fi-
false, which fails entirely in its pur-
tama.
pose, ;/., ngangu (2) zezala (Z)
around some one, v.t., jS.tamena.
or zavululu.
(come crowding), 7/./., longomoka.
wicked, n., umpuka, 12.
a great, «., bidi, 6 ; ebidi, 8.
one distinguished for, kimpuka, 5.
(group, cluster, mob), ekutu, 8 ;
Cupboard, n., nswekelo, 4 ; mvaka,
ekutu-kutu, 8 ; ekuti, 8 ; kuti-
4 ; elundilu, 8.
kuti, 6; ntuti, 4.
Curiosity, «., untongolozi, 12.
dense, see koka, App.
Curious, be (prying), v.t., tongolola.
(things into something), v.t.^ ko-
Currency, n., nzimbu, 2.
mangesa.
The oldest currency we can hear of
Crowding and treading upon one
was a mat of palm-fibre cloth.
another, adv., mandiatani
lusambu (n & 2), 6x1 inch.
(pl. 7).
generally made up in bundles of
together, go, v.i., vindana.
10. They still linger in use to the
Crown, «., kolowa, 2 (P. coroa) ; see
north of Matadi. They were re-
also kiandu, App.
placed about 1830 by red glass
Crucifix, «., see under nketekwa,
olive beads, mbembe, 2, which
App.
gave way in about 1863 to a
Cruel, a., -anduvu, -alunkulu, -alu-
hexagonal blue pipe glass bead
fuma.
^-inch in diameter, nzimbu, 2,
Cruelty, n., nduvu, 4 ; lunkulu, 10 ;
dinga, 6, which still prevail.
infunia, 2 ; lufuma, 10.
Current, strong, «., mwalu, 3.
(in beating only), bobobo, 6.
Curse, n., nlaza, 4 (Bako) ; ndaza, 2 ;
Crumb, n., nkesona, 2 ; vesona, 6.
see sibu, 6, & kandu, 6, App.
Crunch, v., kukuta.
Cursed (infamous), «., -asungu.
Crush, v.t., tufakesa.
Curvature, amount of, «.,enunga, 8.
against the side of the cooking pot.
Curve (winding), n., mongola, 3.
v.t., uieta (Bako), vota.
Cushion to support the knee when
and make a mess, v.t., tufuna.
squatting, «., nsikinwa, 2 ;
into pulp, v.t., nianzuna, niasnna.
ndezi, 2 ; Ttifingitunii,2 (Bako).
Crushed to atoms, be, v., wesomoka.
Custard apple, n., elolo (8) dia
with a rubbing movement, v.t..
mputu.
funta.
Custom, established, «., nkiku, 4.
Crux (chief difficulty), ;/., vaki, 6.
(habit), «., \iK\wii, 6.
Cry, «., boko, 6.
Customary, a., kibeni ; customary
begin to, v., seloka dila (9).
style of writing, esoneka kibeni.
loudly, v.t., loka.
Customs t^toll), «., vaku, 12.
(making a great noise), 7/.z.,vodiana,
Cut at, make a (with a sword or
wodiana.
large knife), v.t., saka.
out loudly, v.t., kaluluka.
(hew, fell), viva.
Cut-Dea
( 740 )
Cut, continued.
in short or small pieces (of cassava
only), a., -awele-wele.
make a small cut, venzona.
off (a slice, piece), vasnna.
off (trim), kumpa, kumpika.
of something hollow, vJ., "bwa-
nguna.
(surgically), v., see seola, App,
(on the temples, made in the opera-
tion of cupping), «., kioba, 5.
round the margins of the hair, v.y
deka e nsuki (2).
a small piece (of something eatable),
7/./., zuna.
the throat, zenga e elaka (8).
(trim), knmpa, kumpika.
up (a carcase of meat), t^./., teta.
up to pieces (of grass, paper, leaves,
&c., kela.
(wound), «., ndwadi, 2.
. cuts (on cut glass), n., se, 6.
Cyclone, n., nebidi, 2.
Cylinder, n., silinda, 2.
Dabble (as a duck in the mud), vJ.,
wunzulula.
Dance, a pause and change in a, ;?.,
ekuma, 8.
Danger, n., sumbu (Bako), 6 ; vonza,
6 ; lenga, 6 ; vangu, 6.
be in, v., sumbuka (Bako), mona e
vonza or vangu or lenga.
Dangerous, a., -ambengo-mbengo,
-avangu, -alenga, -avonza.
Dare to, v., kabuka (followed by the
infinitive noun) ; dares he to
enter in ? nga kabuka keka-
buka kota e ?
not to dare to, v., ke vwa OWU wa
. . . ko, with the fut. conseq.
subj. ; he dared not move, ka-
vwidi OWU kanikuna ko.
to mention, z/., kabula ; he ventured
to go and tell it to the chief,
wele dio kabula kwa mfumu.
Dark grow, or be, z/., [kuma (9)
Dark, continued.
ku-] lakama or (ku-) bwita-
or bwitalala ; bubalala.
be in the dark about (a matter),
z/.z., yididilwa.
in the (concerning a matter), oku
bubidi (6).
Darken, v.t.., bwitidika.
Darkened, be, z/.z., bwitalala.
Darkening, a, ;z,, ndombola, 2.
Darkness (blackness), /z., ndombo-
la, 2.
(mental or actual), «., bubidi, 6.
(obscurity), n., lumvungia - mvu-
ngia, 10.
Darling, 71. (very precious thing),
lengezia, 6 ; diabonda, 7.
rt., -a nsi a ntima.
Dash (bound) at, v.t., vulumukina.
against, 7/./., wula muna.
Dashed against, be, z/.z., wulama
muna.
Daughter, «., see wuta, App.
daughter or son-in-law, ?z., mwana
(i) alongo (10).
Dawn, n., mvunga-vunga, 2 ; nkie-
lelo, 2 ; minkia, pi. 3.
"z/.z., tendoka ; the day is going to
dawn, kuma se kutendoka.
Day, some or one, adv., oku kukwi-
ziwa.
star, zz., ntetembwa (2) ankielelo (2).
upon which there is no market,
lumbu (6) kiansuwa.
Daylight, ;z., minkia, pi. 3.
Dazzling, a., e sezi {adv.).
Deacon, zz., selo, 6.
Dead, be quite, v., fumbuka.
cold and, vola.
(a euphemism), budika.
raise from the, 7/.A, futumuna (Bako).
rise from the, -z/.z., futumuka (Bako).
Deaf, see also pupu, App.
to all arguments, one who is, ?z.,
pukidi-matu, 6 ; pupulu, 6.
Dealings with, have, v.., kala ku-
mosi ye.
Death, the cause of, zz., lufwa, 10.
sudden, zz., lufwa (10^ luakanku ;
ntintu, 4.
( 741 )
Dea-Dep
Death, continued.
violent, ;/., sungu, 6.
Debauch, evil effects of,;/., mvunda, 4.
result of over- feeding, mvunda a dia.
Deca- (metre, <S:c.) = x 10 ; deka-
(nieta, &c.).
Decant, z/./., longolola.
Decayed, something, n.^ wolezia, 6.
Deceased, the, «., it is not proper to
mention the name of one recently
dead, atidto avoid it the follow-
ing are used: mpasi, 2 (the
trouble) ; ezina, 8 (the name),
treated as ist class nouns,
mpasi, ezina (0 'zina) ; also
mfu (Bako), 4.
Deceit, «., luvunginiku, 10; lu-
vuki, 10.
Deceitfully, act, v.i., teka e nga-
ngu (2).
Deceitfulness, n., umpuki, 12.
Deceive, v,t., vukika, vunginika.
Deceived, be, v., vukama, vunga-
nana.
Deception (feigning) «.,kuviiiiina,9.
Deci- (metre, «&:c.)=to 5 desi-(nieta,
&c.).
Decide (come to a decision), v.,
yambukwa moyo (3) or
ntima (4).
a case in court (" find "), v.t., solola.
Decision, prepare or come to a, v.,
kubika.
in a law court, n., nzengo, 2.
(judgment), «., see mpiku, 2, App.
Declare officially, v., teleka.
Decomposing, a., -anwodi.
Decrease (in size), v.i., keva.
Decreased, a., -akeva.
Deed, «., evangu, 8.
Deface, v., bandula.
Defect, «., twangu, 6.
Defence, make a (by concocting
some excuse), v., vala mabu-
ngwa (pi. 8) or e mpiku (2).
prepare a, lamba mabungwa or
e mpiku.
make a defence (in a court), v., songa
e y electa (pi. 5), lit. to show the
true facts.
Defence, continued.
speech in defence of, ;/., vovelo, 6.
Defend, v.t., kangula.
Defer, v.t., vengekela.
the day (&c. ), lambula e lumbu (&c. ).
Deficit, S ' '
Defile, v.t., safula, bolola.
Defilement, n., nsafu, 4 ; esafu, 8.
Define (explain), v.t., sasuna.
Deflower, v., tetela.
Defraud, v.t., tekela e ngangu (2).
Degrade, v.t., see bolola, App.
(of persons only), kunkula.
Degree, in no small degree, ke -a-
ndwelo, ke vevi ko.
Dejection of spirits, ;/., zowalala, 9.
Delay, v.t., kindika, ningika.
(tarrying), n., mazinga, pi. 8 ; ezi-
ngu, 8.
Delicate, a thing which is very, n.,
bekenge, 6.
Delight, n., ekembo, 8.
Delighted, be (because of some great
acquisition), v., pata.
Deliver (protect), v., kankana.
Deliverer, n., kangi, 6.
Delude, v., vukika, vunginika.
Deluded, be, v., vukama, vunga-
nana.
Demanded of one, to have it, v.,
zolelwa ; it was demanded of
him by the chief, i kazolelwa
kwa mfumu.
Demijohn, small, n., nzanda, 4.
Demon, «., nkwiya, 4.
Demonstrate (prove), v., sia e ye-
leka (pi. 5).
Deny, v., vakula nkalu (4).
Depart {of many only), ■z/.z., wunguka.
far away, v.i., vekomoka.
Depend (upon), v., sia e fika (6) ye
kamba (6) muna, sia or bunda
e vuvu (6).
Dependable, a., -afika ye kamba,
-akwikizi, -avuvu, -aziku.
Depose, v.t., kunkula.
Depress (the spirits), v., zoweleka.
Depressed in spirits, be, z/., zowa-
lala.
Dep-Dig
( 742 )
Depression of spirits, n.^ zowalala, 9.
Derange, v., vwalangasa (Bako).
Derangement, n., mpioto, 2 ; mpi-
tiku-mpitiku, 2 ; ntiaku-nti-
aku, 4-
Descendants, «., mbongo, 2 {si7ig.
only).
Deserve, v.i., fwanukina, fwa-
nukwa.
Desire, «., nzola, 2.
earnestly, intensely, v., lekokelwa
or lekukilwa or lengokelwa
or lengukilwa or zinwa or
lakukilwa moyo; sia.e
etima (8) ; fwila...e baba (6).
(for something, longing), n., luema,
10 ; evelema, 8.
(after), intense, /?., elemena, 8 (dia) ;
eketo, 8 (dia) ; nlekoko (4)
a moyo (3) ; baba, 6.
of one's heart, 11., etima, 8 ; nsi (2)
a ntima (4)-
passionately, 2/./., ketokela (8).
Desired to, be, zolesela ; he desired
him to go, unzolesele kenda.
Desolation (of a deserted town), «.,
uzumbu, 12 ; mfuta, 2.
Desolate (bare), a., -angidinginza.
(solitary, of places only), ^., -asombe ;
a solitary town, evata diasombe.
Despair, v.i., moyo (3, u-) zeza.
Despise, v.t., veza, bembola.
Destitute, a., -ansukami (pi. asu-
kami).
Destroy, v.t.^ bunga, fwasa.
(make an end of), 7/., funka.
(spoil), v.t., bwangalakesa.
(scatter about), v.t., pangalakesa.
Destroyed utterly, be, t/., kufwila.
Destruction, «., lufwasu, 10.
Detail (give a detailed account), -z/./.,
tetomona.
(give the details, items), t/., tangu-
muna.
Detect in the very act (of), v.^ vu-
mbula (muna).
Determination, have a strong, z/.,
kanama.
to do something bad, v.^ sulama.
fierce, n., nkasi, 2.
Determined (to), be very, v., sift e
ekami (8, dia). 1
Dethrone, v.t., kunkula. |
Devastate, v.t., fwantakesa.
Devil, «., bilungi, 2 (Angola.?) ; see
also nkadi, A pp.
Devotedness, «., see nkanka, App.
Devour greedily, v.t., piantula.
Diadem, n., kolowa, 2 (P. coroa).
Diarrhcea, severe, n., nsi^nene, 2.
Die, v. Can euphemism used of
great people), yekama e nima
a kiandu.
natural death (of one's own ac-
cord), not by violence, v., ku-
fwila.
slowly and without apparent cause,
v., singa.
suddenly, v., kankuka.
Difference (between), the nature of
the, n., luswaswanu, 10 ; they
carefully explained to me the
difference, batomene kunso-
nga luswaswanu.
(indefinite),nswaswaili, 2 ; there is a
difference, nswaswaui ina ko.
Different, be (of a palaver or lan-
guage only), v.i., bindama ;
their language is different,
e ndinga au ibindamene ; the
palaver takes a different form,
assumes a different aspect, e
diambu se dibindama.
Difficult (arduous), a., -afuki.
to comprehend or explain, <3;., -ampi-
mpita.
Difficulty, n., lenga, pi. 6; vangu,
pi. 6 ; vonza, pi. 6.
Diffused (of an odour), be, 7/./.,
bundumuka.
Dig up (things close to the surface),
v.i., funta.
root and all together, vJ., sebola.
Digest, v., bululwisa.
Digested, be, v.i., bululuka.
Digestion, «., mbululuka, 2 ; lubu-
lulwisu, 10.
Dignified bearing, n.^ tifu, 2 (P.
chefia).
maintain, v., tifuka [per/, -ini).
( 743 )
DiL-DlS
Diligence, «., kiakasa, 5 ; sungi-
didi, 6.
Dll IGENT about, be very, v., kuzika,
siamisa, sia...e etima (8) or
sungididi (6) or swiswi (6) or
luntati (10).
Dimpled, be, z/./,, kompoka, kolboka.
Dip (as a morsel in the gravy), v.^
vungila.
(with a quick movement), v.t., zaba.
Direct (of some part of the body),
v.i., fila, to place the legs, fila
malu (9 pi.)-
direct path, a, ;z.,nzila (2) -abatu-
abatu.
Direction, «., nsongi, 2 ; he is gone
in the direction of my town,klina
nsongi a evata diame kele.
■ in which one's head lay when lying
down, «., mfilu (2) a ntu (4).
of the feet, ndambilu (2) a malu (9).
Dirty, become (tarnish, grimed), va.,
vesoka.
a., -eveso.
make dirty and spoil, v.t.^ bandula,
bolola.
make foul, safula.
Disagreeable person, see munga-
nia, 3, App.
Disannul a covenant, v., kangula e
ekangu (8).
Disappear, v.i., pumuka, vempoka,
lala.
slowly, v.i., komoka.
Disappointed, be, v., tionga, kafa-
lala, ntima (4 n-) kafalala.
Disappointment, n., lukonananu
(10) lua ntima (4).
Disarrange, v., tiangalakesa.
Disciple, ;/., nlongoki, i & 4.
v., longakesa.
Discipline (chastening), «., elongi, 8.
Disclose, inadvertently, v.L, sunda-
kesa, lutakesa.
Discontinue a habit which was once
frequent, v., kenga.
Discover (find), v.t., dimbula, zi-
mbula.
(invent), v.t., semona, selomona,
solomona.
Discover, continued.
one's self (leave a hiding-place), v.^
kus^nga.
Discovered with, be, v., soloka ye.
Discreet, be very,7/.,kuk6nka {refl.).
Discuss point by point, v., balula.
together very obstinately or strongly,
v., bambana, zekana.
Discussion, be much under, 2/./.,
yaya.
Disentangle (something hitched),
v.t., tandula.
Disesteem, v., savula, bembola.
n., nsavu, 4.
Disfigure, v., bandula.
Disgrace, n., luvungu, 10; lutu-
mbuku, 10.
Disgusted, be, v., kenonoka.
Disgusting (sickening), a., -aluenia.
Dishearten, v., vonda ntima (4).
Disheartened, be, v.i., fuwa
ntima (4).
\x\,v.t., fwilwa...o ntima.
Dishonour, n., nsavu, 4 ; lutumbu-
ku, 10.
Disinter, v., vundumuna.
Dislike, for some fault or defect, v.t.^
twanga.
Disliked, be strongly (in consequence
of wrong committed), v., sumu*^
kwa.
Dismay (fright, fear),«.,kinkenda, 5;
keza, 9.
Dismiss, as of no further use, v.t.^
tengola.
Disobedience, «., bukdlo, 12 (Bako) ;
nganzi, 2.
(regardlessness), nlandu, 4.
Disobedient (regardless), a., -anla-
ndu.
Disorder (derangement), n., mpiti'
ku-mpitiku, 2 ; mpioto, 2 ;
ntiaku-ntiaku, 4 ; evwanga, 8.
v.t., vwalangasa (Bako).
in, a., -evwanga.
(anarchy), n., ntumpa-ntumpa, 4.
Disparagement, n., nsavu, 4.
Dispensation (regime), ;/., esansu, 8.
Disperse (of crowds, clouds, &c.), 7/./.,
vula.
Dis-Dow
( 744 )
Disperse, cofitinued.
in all directions, in disorder, v.t.^ sia
ntiaku-ntiaku (4)-
Dispirited, be, v., luwa ntima (4);
see also kufianunga, A pp.
Displace (by taking the place of),
v.t., lufa.
Displease, v.t., kaMika(o ntima,4)-
Displeased, be, v.^ [ntima (4) u-]
kafalala.
Dispute, love of, n.^ nzekani, 2.
to start a, v., leka e mpaka (2).
(wrangle), 7a, zekana, bambana.
Disregard, ??., see umpavuludia, 12,
App.
(contempt) lutialu, 10, n.
(put up with) v.t.^ vukula.
utterly, v.t., zengeneka.
Disrespect, z/./., bembola, savula,
veza.
utter, «., nzengenga, 2.
utterly, v.t., zengeneka.
Dissembler, ?/., kuvunina, i.
Dissoluteness, «., yingalu, pi. 5.
Dissuade, v., kulula.
Distend (blow out), v.t., tuva, tuvi-
dika, tividika.
Distended, be, z/.z., tuvalala.
something, «., tuvala, 6.
Distension, «., tuvalala, 9.
Distinctly, do, v.t., tumbula.
speak, v.t.^ tumbula vova (9) or
e ndinga (2).
write, v.t., tumbula soneka (9).
Distort (make crooked), v.t.^ viongo-
lola, viotakesa, vioteka, zu-
ngumuna.
Distorted, be, v.i.^ viongoloka,
viotakana, viotama, zungu-
muka.
Distract, v., vukula.
Distress, to, z/./., zubana, kendalala,
kandidika ntima (4).
(worry), v.t., funtuna.
Distressed, be very, z/.z., kendalala,
ntima (4, u-) kandalala.
Distressing, very,^., -alukendalalu.
District, n.^ zunga,6 ; mvivu, 4.
Disturbance (riot), ?z., nsonsa (4)
yo niku-niku (4).
Divide, by cutting right through of
so7nething ibhich is hollow^ v.t.,
bwanguna.
up something which is very small to
be divided among so many, v.,
kankana.
Divided, be (in a state of division),
v., bulana.
Division (mathematical), n., luka-
yanisa, 10 ; lukayilu, 10.
(a separation), n., mpambula, 2.
Divisor in arithmetic, ?z., vaudi, 6.
Dizziness, zz., nzieta, 4 ; nziezie, 4.
Do, v.t., sadika.
do... a little, v. aux., vuna ; wait
a little, vuna dingama ; lift it
up a trifle, vuna kio zangula.
as one likes with, z/., see zanuna &
zanu, App.
at once, z/./., vanga-vanga.
clearly, v.t., tumbula. J
do much, exceedingly, repeatedly, z/., 1
vangulula ; he treated him
repeatedly in manner which
would destroy all kindly feel-
ing, umvangulwidioma ma
nkatulu a unkanka.
(have much to show for z/),
z/./"., totola.
slowly, gently, z/.A, lelemba.
that which is bad only ^ v.t., sula.
thoroughly well, v., vangalala ye,
vangalela ; do this work thor-
oughly, toma vangalala ye
salu kiaki or toma vangalela
e salu kiaki.
this is all that I can do for you, i
ndenda kuvangila aka didi.
Doctrine, ;/., nlongi, 4.
Dodge about, v.i.^ vezozioka.
Doer, n., see mumpanga, App.
Dome, ji., ngumba, 2.
Done, be, v.i., salama, saluka.
Donkey, «., ebuluku, 8 (P. burro).
Double up (as with pain in the
stomach), v.i., fumbalala.
Doubt, no, adv., e kieleka kiau.
Dowry paid for a wife, «., nzimbu
(pi. 2) or mbiya (sing. 2) or
nkanda (4) a longo.
( 745 )
Dra-Ear
Drag about, v.t., tuluza.
heavily, i/./'., sindama.
Dragon, //., ngobodi, 2 ; kakiingu, 9.
Drape, v.t., zembeleka.
Draught (drunk), //., ndua, 2.
(of air), mwalu (3) a kiozi (5).
DRA.W aside (a curtain, &c.), v.t.^
vungumuna.
away, off (in numbers), t/./., kokela.
(a bow), v.t.^ nanumuna, vuna.
up into folds or puckers, v.t.^ ku-
tidika.
v.i., kutalala .
draw (water), something with which
to, «., tekwa, 6.
Drawer, n. (a shelf under a native
bed), mvaka, 4-
Dread, «., kiongomena, 5.
Drear, a., -angidinginza.
Drift with the current, t/.z., bebwa
(Osolongo).
Drill, instruct in evolutions, v.t.,
vangisa e fuka (6).
Drink, a, n., nua, 9.
making a great noise in swallowing,
v.t., bokomona.
Drip (of sticky, viscous fluids), v.^
zelomoka.
Drive in (cause to pierce), v.t.^ su-
mika.
into a corner, v.t.^ vakika.
drive out (a woman's word when
angry), v.t. longomona ; I will
drive the whole crowd of you
out, ikunulongomona.
Driven about, first here and then
there, adv., e nangia-nangia(2).
Drove, ?/., bemba, 6.
Drum, small, having two diaphragms,
played during the wailing for
the dead, «., duku, 6.
Drummer, «., kingoma, 5.
Drunk and furious, become very, v.i.,
wuyana.
Drunkard, n., kolwa (6) kia mala-
VU (pi. 8), (Bako).
a wretched (a slave to drink), bwe
(7) kia malavu Cph 8).
Drunken madness, «., uwuya, 12,
man, «., nkwa nkolwa (2).
Drunkenness, the after-efifects of,
«., mvunda (4) a nua.
Dry (a corpse), v.t., kavisa.
be hard and, v., koya.
very, adv., e koyo.
be (as paint, mud, gum, &c., of
films only), v., babalala.
become (of things not liquids), v.i.^
wuminina.
Dumbfounded, be, vd., zenganana,
yenganana, kuzengeneka.
Dung, n., uyi, 12 ; wiyi, 12; yi, 12.
of birds, n., nsasa, 2.
Dusty state, in a very, adv.^ e bu-
ndukutu.
Duty, one's first, n., vaki, 6.
DwELLiNG-place, «., kalu, 6.
Dye, n., dima, pi. 6.
Dynasty, «., vumu, 6.
Dysentery, «., makulu, pi. 8.
Dyspncea, n., ekomongo, 8.
E,
Each, a., konso, konto (Bako) ; they
came each man with his gun,
bezidi konso muntu yo ta
wandi.
Eagerness (excitement), «., kia-
ngula, 5.
eagerness and yet fear, ;/., nzala (2)
a fiwonga.
Eagle, «., nkunku, 2 ; vungn, 6 ;
kavungn, 9.
Ear, «.,kutu, 8 (pi. makutu), (Bako).
ears ready to hear, wa (9) kwanzo-
ko-zoko.
Earliest ages (when things were
created), n., esemo, 8.
Earnest, n., ngyeleka, 2.
about, be very, n., kuzika, siamisa.
be (diligent), vd., sungama, sia e
sungididi (6) or swiswi (6)
^r luntati (10).
(intent) grow, be, 7/., vela-vela.
be (whole-hearted), sia e etima (8).
Earnestly (whole-heartedly), adv.^
kuna nsi a ntima.
Ear-End
( 746 )
Earnestness (diligence), «., sungi-
didi, 6 ; swiswi, 6 ; luntati, 10.
Earth, «., mavu, pi. 7-
Earthquake, «.,ludedeino (10) lua
ntoto (4), nzakama (2) a
ntoto.
Earwig, «., mwelele, 3.
East, n.^ lunene, 10.
Eat, v.t., puta.
without having washed the hands,
dia e kidia-tina (5).
up greedily, ?/., piantula.
Eaves, n.^ veve, 6.
Ebb (of the tide), v., kwenda, vola.
Ebony, «., sila, 6.
ECCLESIASTES (the preacher), n., ki-
mpovela, 5.
Eclipse (outdo), v., vandalala, va-
talala.
Economy, n.^ see kinkani, App.
Edge, v., bombola.
«., lunseka, 10.
brink, mfumfula, 4.
(of a precipice), «., lunenganaim,
10 ; mfumfula, 4.
have a rough, untrimmed, v.i., za,-
nanana.
rough, of broken wood or torn cloth,
n., zavuti, 6.
Edged, two, a., -a meno mole.
Edging of a cloth, bayi, 2 (P. bainha).
to put on an, v., bombola.
Edible, a., -andia.
Edification, n., {act.) luvangameso,
10 ; {pass.) luvangamu, 10.
Edify, v.t., vangamesa.
Educate, v.t., sansa.
Educated, be well, t/.z., lumbuluka.
Education, ;z.,lusansu, 10; iisansa,2.
(teaching), ndonga, 2.
Eel, «., nsomvi, 4 ; nsonzi, 4.
Effect, «., kumu, 6.
Effective, effectual, «., -akumu.
Effeminacy, «., zeze, 12 ; uzeze, 12.
Efficacy, ??., kumu, 6.
Effulgence (the shining forth), «.,
lutemo, 10.
EGG,«.,diki(pl.meki),7(Kib.);etadi,8.
(word sometimes used for fowl's eggs,
lest the hen should hear her
Egg, continued. \
eggs spoken of, and stop laying),
vidiza, 8 (Kib.) ; evilanu, 8.
plant, «., lezo, 6. 1
the fruit of a variety of the,; ki-
nsukulu, 5 ; kindukulu, 5.
Elbow one's way, 7/., kulakasa, ku-
laka {refl.). i
Elder, «., see nkuluntu (2), App.
Elect (the selected), «., ndimbuki,
1 & 4. \
Element, «., ezuku, 8. 1
Elementary, a., -ezuku. ;
Elephantiasis (of foot), «., mbadi,2.
Elevation of a gun, the proper, n. ;
see zengo, 6, App.
Else, or, conj.^ ke mpela ko.
Elsewhere, adv.., e kikaka.
Emaciated, be, v.i., kamuka, kava.j
rt., -ankalati.
Emaciation, n.^ nkalati, 2.
Embalm, t/.A, kavisa.
Embrace, v., bimbakana.
the feet, etc., v., kwenda or kwiza
e ngangala, yilama.
see also e ntayi, App.
Emerald, «., emeraude, 2.
Emigrant, n., ntangu, 2.
Emigrate, v.i.., tanguka.
Emotion, «., vengenene, 6.
Emphasize strongly, v.., kuzika.
Emptiness, «., mpenza, 2 ; vela, 6.
Empty, «., -ampenza, -avela.
be left, v.i., sadila.
leave, v.t., sadisa.
Enclosure for drying ground of nuts,
&c., «., saku, 6.
Encumbered by, to be, v., bamba-
mena.
End, «., nsilu, 4 ; see also nsukisilu, 2,
App.
of, make an, 7/., funka.
(of a piece of cloth), «., nsambu, 2.
Endeavour (to do something beyond
one's power), v.t.., kuvaka
{refl).
earnestly, v.i.., siamanana.
to know or obtain, v.., longota.
Endless, «., ke -suki; endless life,
moyo ke usuki.
( 747 )
End-Eve
ENDURANCE.brave, «., viyidila, 9;
zizi, 6.
lack of, «., kiangula, 5.
(persistence), n., luzindalalu, 10.
Endure (bear), v.t., siamina.
patiently, bravely, t/., zozoka, zi-
zila, viyidila.
(persist), 7/.z., zindalala.
(ast), zingila.
very long, zingllluka.
Enema, administer by or an, z/., tuba.
Energetic, be very, v.i.^ tumpa-
tumpa.
Energy, n., telamiana, 9 (ability to
rmove briskly) ; see also nkonzo,
App.
(go), «., sakala-sakala, pi. 6, ngu-
ngula-ngungula, 2.
(potential), «., nkuma, 4 ; mfunka, 4.
put out, v., sia e mfunka (2).
(active), «., mfunka, 2.
Engagement (occupation), ?z., vaki,6.
English, a.^ -angelezo.
Englishman, n., Ngelezo, 2.
Engine, «., mkkina, 2 (P. machina).
Engrave, v.t.^ vosa.
Engrossed in, be, t/., sia. . .0 moyo (3).
Enjoin strictly, v.t.^ kanikina.
Enlarge, v.t. (a thing which has been
already made, as a hole, house,
&c.), vudisa ; he has enlarged
his house, ovudisi e nzo audi.
Enlarged, be, v.i. {as above), vula.
Enlighten, v.t., temona.
Enormous (massive) thing, an, «., kie-
ngele, 5 ; an enormous tree,
kiengele kia nti.
Enough, be, v.i., lungila.
not enough, adv., see under yavana,
App.
Enraptured, be, sanguna.
Ensnare, v.t, kokeka.
Entanglement, n., mpioto, 2.
Enter rudely or without leave, v.,
kuniiinga {rejl.).
Entertain a hope, v., sia e vuvu (6).
Entice, v., leba.
Entrust with, v.t., sia...e mbebe (2).
Environment, n., kinzieta, 5 ; nzi-
nguluka, 2.
Epilepsy, «., nkisi (4) a teke (Bake) ;
nsansi, 4 (fits of all kinds).
Epileptic fit, to have, or be liable to,
v., yela nkisi (4) a teke (6).
Epiphytic plant growing on the nsafu,
n., kinkundila, 5.
Equally (of division), adv , e bula-
kati.
Erect, & throwing the chest out, or
bowed, be very, v.i., manga-
nana, minganana.
(set up), v.t., kuma.
Erode slowly, v.i., komoka.
v.t., komona.
Error, erratum, n., vilwa, 12 ; mpi-
lakeno, 2 ; mpilwa, 2.
Eruption (on the ear), «., mpeke-
veke, 2.
Escape, allow to, or to have escape
from one, v., kutisa.
allow to, v., vukisa.
secretly, v.i., bubumuka.
(slip away), v.t., sunuka.
Especially, adv., musungula.
Essence, n., mwema, 3.
Establish securely, v.t., sidika.
Esteem, n., ntondo, 4.
Estranged, be, v.i., kuvava.
Estrangement, «.,umpavuludia, 12.
Eternal, a., -a koko yakuna, -a
mvu ya mvu, ke -suki.
Eternally, adv., yakwele mvu.
Eunuch, n., nzimba, 2.
Euphemism, n., senswa, 6.
speak in, v., vova muna senswa.
Evanescent, be, v.i., sunsumina.
E^^^^^^' ^ n., mavenga, pi. 8.
Evasiveness,
Evasive answers, give, v., ziezianisa.
Even, adv., utu (Bako), ele, tu ; even
we, oyeto tu.
even if or when, conj., kana nkutu
or vo, kana una, wau nkutu
or vo, kufwila owu...ko,
vova ele vo, vova ele vo ; see
also sia ele vo, App. ; i muna
wau nkutu... ndivo (emph.) ;
even if you go, kufwila OWU
okwenda ko.
even if (supposing), kana una, vo.
EvE-Exc
( 748 )
Even, continued.
even then or in that case, e kana
nkutu.
even number, «., etoka, 8 ; nza-
nza, 2.
even, «., -etoka, -anzauza.
even at the top, a.^ -elalangoma.
Eventually, adv., oku kukwiziwa
{future).
Ever, for, adv., yakwele mvu.
for ever and ever, yamu tandu ke
tandu.
Everlasting, a., ke -suki, -a mvu
ya mvu, -a koko ya kuna ;
everlasting life, moyo ke usuki.
Every, a., konto (Bako), konso.
Everything, n., wadiwonso.
(abstract), wonso, 12.
Evidence, substantial & overwhelm-
ing, n., ntunguluzi, 2.
Evident, be, v.i., kia ; see also laya,
App.
make, v.t., kiesa.
Evil, «., bubi, 12 (Bako).
determine against, v.t., kanama.
one, person, ;z., mbi, 4.
Evil-doer, «., mumpanga-mayi, 3 ;
munsula-mayi, 3.
Evolution, «., esemo, 8 ; nsema, 2.
Exact (correct to pattern), a., -ano-
nga-nonga.
Exactly the same, in exactly the
same way, adv., e nonga-no-
nga (6).
Exalt, to, 2/./.,kundidika, tundidika.
Exalted, be, v., kundalala, tunda-
lala.
Examine, gently, tenderly, or care-
iuily, something very painful or
fragile, v., wunza.
Examine, v., sandulula, satulula.
Examination, n., nsandulula, 2 ;
lusandululu, 10 ; nsatulula,
2 ; lusatululu, 10.
Example (instance), n., nona, 6.
give an, v., sia e nona.
(clear, in full view), «., pwa-meso, 6.
(something to be copied), mbandu,2.
set an, v., songesela.
(warnmg, pattern), n., elongi, 8;
Example, continued.
sisa, 6 ; he made an example
of him, unsidi se elongi.
Exceed (have, do more), v.t., beta.
Exceeding (great), a., -ansita ; ex-
ceedingly sweet, zenza kwa-
nsita.
Excellency, your, see lekela & eta,
App.
Except, conj., nanga, nangi, nan^u;
see also be excepted, beloWy &
evengwa, App.
Excepted, be, v.i., katuka ; this
thing only excepted, e lekwa
kiaki kaka kikatuka ; any
one except Lutu and Ntoni,
konso muntu, Lutu yo Ntoii
aka bakatuka.
Excess, n., nsundidi, 2; nsavu, 4;
see also tununu, App.
a., see -ansuwa, App.
of one's due, in, a., -evudidila.
money taken in excess of one's due,
n., nzimbu (2) zevudidila.
Excessive, a., -ansita, -ansuva.
Excessiveness (exceeding greatness),
n., see nsita, pi. 2, & ebiki, 8 ;
& mbiki, 4, App.
Exchange, in, adv., e nsobani (2).
to give in, v., vanae nsobani.
make a mutual, v.t., toteka, vila-
ngesa.
Excited, be (with impatience, eager-
ness), v., kala ye kiangula (5).
be (with pleasure), vd., pialuzioka.
Excitement (of impatience), n., kia-
ngula, 5.
Excommunicate, v.t., dila e kandu
(6) ; see kandu, App.
Excommunicated person, ;/,,mwana
(i) a kandu (6).
Excommunication, n., see kandu, 6,
App.
Excrement, n., uyi, 12 ; yi, 12 ;
wiyi, 12.
Excuse, n., ebungwa, 8 ; mpiku, 2
{see K.-Eng. App.) ; evunza-
vewa, 8 {see evunza, App.) ;
eveko, 8.
(artifice), lumpeso, 10.
( 749 )
Exc-Fai
Excuse, continued.
make an, v., vala mabnngwa or
e mpiku.
irake up (concoct), lain"ba mabn-
ngwa or e mpikn.
(unsatisfactory), n., viakn, 6.
Execrate strongly, v.t., dnka.
Execution, place of, ;/., etetelo, 8.
Executor of a will, «., masiln, pi. 8.
Exhort, v., wondelela.
one another, 7A, wonzaziana.
to no purpose, v.t., knza.
Exhortation, n., Inwondelelo, lo.
Exodus, «., Invaiku, lo.
Expand, v.i., sanzana.
Expanse, n.., esanzamn, 8.
Expatiate, v.t., bwasnmnna, tia-
Inmnna.
Expect, ?/., tala.
great things, v., sia e mpnngu-
vnvn (2).
Expectation, great, n., mpnngn-
vnvn, 2.
Expedient, be, v., songa.
Expense, 7t., mfwiln, 4.
Explain, v.i., sasnna.
thoroughly (make plain), 7/./., se-
nzeka.
(state clearly), v., samnna e peka
(6).
Explanation, «., nsansnmnna, 2 ;
Ibaka, 6.
iill, «., mpitn (2) ye nsengo (4).
as to how something comes to
be, nsengo, 4.
sxplanation is further required, it
is not sufficiently clear, e dia-
mbn diadi e mbula ye mbasa
(proverb).
Explode very slowly, and after much
fizzing (of gunpowder), z/., yinda.
Explore (spy), v.t., senga.
(track out), tongonona.
Expose (lay bare), 7/./., vnnuna.
by clearly showing the facts, 2/., see
^K venzomona, App.
^P^one's self to view, kns^nga {refill.
to view, T/.A, senzeka.
Exposed, be, v.i., vnnuka.
Exposure, «., mvenene, 4.
Exposure, continued.
(to view), n., mpenza, 2.
Expound clearly, ?'./., senzeka.
Extend, v.t., nannmnna.
(apply) to all, 7/./., Inngidisa.
Extent (limit), «., Iniku, 10.
Extinguish, v.t., patika.
Extol, v.t., sensemeka.
Extort money under pretence that
the taboo law has been violated,
7/., teka nkanu (4).
Extra, a., -ansnwa.
Extract (as a tooth), 7/./., kongona.
Extraordinary, a., -avava.
Extremity (farthest point), «., nsiln,
4 ; nsukisiln, 2.
Exult, v.t., sangnna.
Exultation, nsangunia, 4.
cry of, n., yaya, 6.
to utter such a cry, vana e yaya.
Eye of needle, 7/., ekozidia ntnmbu (2 ).
Eye-service, «., nsala (2) a siwa
meso (pi. 7).
Eyelash, «., ndabu, 2 (Bako).
Face, «., mbunzn, 2.
of, before the, prep., oku (&c.) luse
(10) lua, oku (&c.) ndose (2) a.
(countenance), «., zizi, 6.
fall upon one's face (intentionally),
7/., bukalala.
on one's, iZrt^T/.jOmambukama (pi. 7),
mambnka-bnka (pi. 7)-
to one's, vana mpolo (2).
face to face, adv., mantalani (pi. 7).
(in the very presence), adv., 6
pwa-meso (6).
Fade (lose colour), 7/., seboka,pukuka,
tukuka.
v.t., sebola, pukula.
Fail, v., lakwa ; he failed to do it,
olakilu kio vanga.
fail in rendering expected help in a
crisis, v., sindakesa, filakesa,
Inndumuna, lulumuna, twa-
lakesa.
Fai-Fel
(7SO)
Faint (indistinct), be, t/.z., vilalala.
(weak), 7/.Z., lewoka, leoka, leuka,
leboka.
Faith (creed), «., kwikizi, 6 ; see also
nkanka, App.
Faithful, see nkwa luzolo, App.
(devoted), a., nkwa nkanka,
-ankanka.
(reliable), -akwikizi, -avuvu.
Faithfulness (reliability), n., kwi-
kizi, 12.
(devotion), n.^ nkanka, 2.
Fall by accident, be let, v.i.^ sunuka.
let, v.t., sununa.
(accidental) from atree,«.,lusiinzi,io.
against or down upon, z/.z., wulama.
cause to, 7/./., wudika.
short of (the mark or aim), vd.^ funga
muna.
at or into, v.t,, fungila (mnna) ;
diafungila muna maza, it fell
short into the water,
upon, v.t., bwidila (Bako).
upon one's face (intentionally), 7/.,
bukalala.
Fallow, lie, ?7.z., futa.
Falsehood (falsity), ;/., luvunginiku,
10 ; luvnkiku, 10 ; luvuki, 10 ;
vuni, 12.
Family (matriarchal, a sub-division
of a clan), «., vumu, 6 ; ezimi, 8.
the head of, ngudi (2) or ntu (4) a
vumu.
(stock), «., kuna, 12.
of a good family or stock, -a kuna
wambote.
Fancy, ?/., see also under zaya, App.
Fangs, poison fangs, ?z,, nsoso, 4.
Far better, adv.., wete-fiole (12),
wete-wete (12) ; see K.-Eng.
App., deke, vezi.
go or come (there is a grumble
implied at the distance), v..,
lakata.
far-off lands, n.., malongo, pi. S.
faraway, to a far country, adv.., malk.
Farewell (in a letter), interj., kia-
mbote ekio.
bid each other, v., kanana.
Fashion (habit, nature), «., minu, 6.
Fashion, continued.
(kind), n., mvila, 4.
adopt or follow the fashion, ?a, kala
e fwani-fwani (6) ye.
keeping in the fashion, ?z., see aye-
nge-yenge, 4, App.
Fast, make thoroughly, v.t., siami-
kina, siamitina.
be made, siamanana.
(go without food), v., fionkononi.
Fasten (by tying), v.t., pita.
exceedingly tightly, kwitika.
loosely (tie, nail, &c.), zeyeleka.
Fastened loosely, be, v.i., zeyalala.
(upon), v.t., ziatidila.
v.t., ziatidika. \
(upon), be, v.i., ziatalala. ^
Fat, a., -atonga.
be very full of fat, v.i., siololoka.
Father of the bride (at a wedding),
n., nkomba, 2.
Fault, find, t/., semba, sia e tumbu (6).
(flaw, failing), ;z.,tumbu, 6 ; twangu.
Fault-finding, ?t., manguna-wuna,
pi. 7.
Favour of, be in (of the wind), v., \
filakesa ; the wind was in our
favour, e tembwa kitufilakese.
Favourite, n., ntambuki, i & 4-
a., -antambuki.
Fear, n., boma, 12 (Bako) ; kiongo-
mena, 5.
(cowardly), n., unkuta, 12.
v., mona unkuta.
great, n., swengenia, 6 (choking
apprehension),
lose fear, v., see zanuna 8l zanu,
App.
Feather (oars), v., tialumuna
maza muna nkafi.
Feathering of an arrow, n., etita,
8 ; vezo, 6.
Fee, doctor's, n., kwezi, 6.
paid to a doctor when he undertakes
a case or divination, ?z.,natu, 4.
Feeding-ground, n., madilu, pi. 8.
Feeling (emotion), n., vengenene, 6.
Feign, v.i., kukita {rejl).
Fellow, n., mpwa, 2 (Bako) ; see also
under ya, App.
( 751 )
Fel-Fir
SLLOwsHip, 7/., kinkwa, 5 ; unkwa,
12 ; kintwadi, 5 ; untwadi, 12.
Female sex, the, «., kento, 6.
RN, lycopodium, n., nzonzanga, 2.
CH away (in numbers), vJ., ko-
kela.
FfeiE, n., epele, 8.
Fe'iish, «., mpandu, 2.
bundle, the powder in, n., mfula, 2.
image, source of power, see nkinda,
2, App.
Fetters, n., ku, 6 ; nsuku, 4 (Bako).
(any instrument for the fastening of
a prisoner), n., kingoyongo, 5.
Fktus, n., ngyadi, 2.
Fickleness, n., vilu-vilu, 6.
Fierce, a., -ayezi.
Fierceness,?/., kiezi, 5.
Fight, to break out into a free, v.,
fnkindu (2 i-) dituka.
the first shot in a, n., lole, 6.
to fire, v., tuba e lole.
(struggle together), v., kankana.
together, v., bulana (Bako).
Fill, v.t., dandisa, fulusa (Bako) ; see
also zala, App.
(completely), v.i., lungila.
up (a hole), v.t., langalakesa.
up (something) which has been
partly filled already, v., zalu-
Iwisa.
Filled up, be (as a hole), v.i.^ langa-
lakana.
Film, «., mbolo, 2 ; mbabala, 2.
Filthiness, «., nsafu, 4 ; esafu, 8.
Filthy, make, z/./., safula.
rALLY, adv., oku nsuka (4) ; see
also at last, p. 126.
(for the rest), conj., VO i maka.
Find, v.t., ziongola.
■out (discover), v.t., zimbula, selo-
mona, solomona.
Fine (beautiful), a., -ankeko.
very (of fibres, &c.), a., -anlaya.
I handsome young man, «., mvoyo-
ngo (4) etoko (8).
young woman, «., mvoyongo a ndu-
mba (2).
Finish, v.L, fula ; see also under kala
mo, App.
Finish, continued.
off well, give a good finish to, v.t.^
fienza, kwezika (Bako).
(thoroughly complete), kunkula.
(make an end of), 7/., see funka,
App.
Finished (perfect), be, v., kunkuka.
to have, z/.z., see koka, App.
Fire, n., kioto, 5 (Zombo).
the first shot, z/., tuba e lole (6).
point at which fire was applied in
setting anything on fire or any
small burning patch, «., eso-
nso, 8.
rake out (an ember) from the,2/.,lava.
set on, 7/., tumpa tiya kuna.
Firewood that burns very badly, «.,
mfwiba, 4.
a great piece of, n., nkidibita, 4.
piece of (more or less rotten), «.,
ewombolo, 8.
(twigs), «., vuliilu, 6.
Fireworks, n.., mbomba, 2 (P. bo-
mba).
Firm, «., -aziku.
be (secure), v.i., siamanana, silama
kala e kekete (6).
make thoroughly, t.-./., siamikina,
siamitina, sidika.
stand, v.i., kindama.
be (very tight), t/.z., kwitama.
Firmly, adv., e ngi (2), e ngwi (2), e
tele (pi. 6), e kekete.
Firmness, n., kekete, 6.
First, at, in the first place, adv., oku
kutukilUjkuna or vana ntete,
e ntete-ntete.
do, &c., v., ^^^tekelela, App.
from the very first, adv., tuka kuna
tuka (9).
fruits, n., ntomoni, 2 ; ntomo (2)
a mbongo (2 sing.),
eat, v.t., tomona.
go or be, v., vitidila.
times (when things were created),
n., esemo, 8.
from the very first times, tuka kuna
esemo.
to wish each other to go first, see
siugana.
Fis-Foo
( 752 )
Fish, small, n., kinsiedi, 5 (Bako) ;
nlulu, 4 (Bako) ; vadi, 6 ;
kimpadi, 5 ; wadi, 6.
dead, & floating on the water, n.^
etidi, 8.
a siluroid (mud fish ?), «., nzombo
see also cat-fish, App.
Fit (of any kind), n., nsansi, 4-
be, be made, be found, fwaneswa.
make a good, v.t.^ vuwika.
together (accurately), 7/./., toteka.
well, v.i., vuwama.
Fitness, ??., lufwanu, 10.
Fix (appoint, name a day), v., siki-
nisa (Bako) ; konkota, kuma,
sikana.
as how to arrange something, to be
in a, ?/., tukama.
(make firm), v.t., sidika.
be, silama.
be in a, v.i.^ tungama.
through, v.i., bindamwa.
very tightly, v.t., kwitika.
Fixed very tightly, be, v.i., kwitama.
(by), a., -esika-sika (yo).
Flange, n., nkakilwa, 2.
Flash (as lightning), -z/.z.,- sekima.
Flat, a., -elalangoma.
piece, «., babu, 6.
place, efongo, 8.
place or thing, elalangoma, 8.
Flaw, «., twangu, 6 ; tumbu, 6.
Flax, «., lino, 2 (P. linho).
Flimsy thing, that goes to pieces at a
touch, n., etampala, 8.
Flinch, v.t., sunsumuka.
Flock, «., ekuti, 8 ; kuti-kuti, 6 ;
ekutu, 8 ; ekutu-kutu, 8.
Flourish, v., sakumuka.
(of plants, &c.), v., tokomoka.
(to be in excellent condition), to-
mbana.
Flow down, -z/.z., voloma.
from, 7/.Z., bnka muna.
with (have flowing), v.t.^ buka.
to have the water flow in through
the walls during a storm, 7/.,
budikila.
out copiously (from a hole or wound),
7/.Z., fwamfumuka.
Flow, continued.
out slowly (as viscid fluids), v., ze-
nzomoka, yenzomoka, zelo-
moka.
Flower, «., fulu, 6 (Bako).
of one's age, n., zikuka, 9.
be in the, v., zikuka.
Flutter, v., papa.
Fly, v. I., dumuka, pamuka.
rapidly, v.i., vekomoka.
Foam (as the sea), v., fululuka.
Fog, «., mbunge, 4.
Fold of the loin cloth above girdle
(often used as a pocket), «.,
mfokola, 2.
Follow after eagerly, v.t., tatidila.
the fashion, v., kwenda e elambi-la-
mbi.
the habit of so doing, n., elambi-la-
mbi, 8.
immediately after (at once or be
next to), v.t., landakana. 1 J
Follower, n., landi, 6. \ "
Following each other, a., -anda-
ndani.
Follows, as, adv., sia vo, e kisa- \
muna zaya vo or sia vo or '
vova vo or vo.
Fomented, be, v.z., futwa.
Fond of, be very, but have no chance ■
of getting, 7/., lalwa.
Food, see also mbela-mbela, mbele-
kela.
(generally), food-stuffs, «., edia, 8.
a tasty stuff to eat with one's bread
or kwanga, n., dilwa, 6.
stuff wrapped in a leaf for roasting,
«., evumba, 8.
Fool, n., ezengenene, 8 ; nzengele-
vwa, 4 ; ezeze, 8.
(an empty-headed, useless lout), n.,
dudu, 6 ; mama, 6 ; yidi, 6 ;
tunga, 6 ; dunga, 6 ; a foolish
fellow, dudu kia muntu.
(a great hulk of a fellow), n , ebu-
bulu, 8 ; ebobolo, 8.
(who does not consider the result of
his actions), «., mvutwa, 4 ;
edunia, 8 ; mvilwa, i & 4.
(slovenly), mvoni, 4, .
( 753 )
Foo-Fri
^OOL, continued.
'useless fellow), n., mfwanti, 2.
(witless), evoso, S.
■"OOLISH (of things), a., -azowa.
(of a person), -ezowa.
(senseless), a , -a llVOSO.
become, be, zeboka.
talk, ;;., mambu ma mazengele
ngonde, mfwanti, 2.
'"cot : from beside or at or from the
feet (of persons), vana ekolo
(8) dia.
''OR since, 1 . , .
'bRASMUCHas,h^'?/-'^^^^^^a^O
or kinana vo, wau vo.
•"ORBEAR, 7/., veza or landula or vu-
kula mambu (pi. 7).
fORBEARANCE (the paying no heed to
violence, annoyance, &c.), «.,
nlandu, 4 ; mvuku, 4.
Force, v., nwengena.
out, in, &c,, with violence (of living
creatures only), v.t., lulumuna,
lundumuna.
(active), mfunka, 2.
(potential), mfunka, 4-
nervous, ;/., nkonzo, 2.
Forced, be (obliged), v., nwengwa.
Forefather, ;z., nkulu, i.
Forehead, middle of the, «., nkuta
(2) aluse (10).
Foreigner, ;z., ntangu, 2.
Foremost man in a caravan, «.,
nsongi (2) a nzila (2).
Forewarned, be, v., luka, lukiswa,
lubuka.
Forge, furnace hollow in, ;z., luvu, 10.
Forget, v., vilwa.
completely, v., zietakanwa.
for the time being, v.t., yididilwa.
Forgetful, a., -ampilakeno.
Form (shape, appearance), ;z., mpwa, 2.
(likeness), fwaniswa, 6.
(reduce to some form), v.t., sema.
Forte (in music), «., nzangu, 2.
Fortitude, n. , see findu, 6, App.
lack of, kiangula, 5.
Fortunate, be (blessed), v., sambu-
ka.
Fortune, good, ;/., zumbi, 6.
Foster, v., tongonona, kubulula.
child, ;/., ntongonona, 10; kubulu-
Iwa, 6.
Foul, a., -ansafu, -esafu.
7/., safula.
Foulness, ;/., nsafu, 4 ; esafu, 8.
Found (set firmly), v.t., sidika.
Foundation, n., nkubilwa, 4.
(base), n., nsilu, 2 ; nsidikwa, 2.
lay, 7/./., kuba.
lines, to mark out, 7/./., sema lufu-
lu (10).
Founded, be, v.i., silama.
Fowls, disease of (?), n., luwumi,
10 (Bako.) ; mata, 4.
Fracture (of bones), ;/., see ntoloki,
2, App.
Fragile, a thing which is very, n.y
bekenge, 6.
Fragment, n., ebembele, 8 ; tente, 6.
Frail, a thing which is very, ?/., b3-
kenge, 6.
Frailty, ;/., ubekenge, 12.
Framework, ;/., vangala, 6.
Franc, n., frank, 2.
Frank, be perfectly (in conversation,
&c., keeping nothing back), v.,
tenda ntima (4).
Frankness, w., ntendo (4) a ntima.
Free, be (not under restrictions), 7/.,
vevoka, vevokwa, vevokelwa.
a., -amvevoki.
Freedom, n., vevoka, 9.
from all obstruction and difficulties,
71.^ nkolomona, 2.
present with one's freedom, 7/., vana
nkanda (4) a basia (2).
Freely (generously), adv.^ kuna
mvevo (4).
French, a., -afwalansa.
Frenchman, ;z., Mfwalansa, 4-
Frenzy, be seized with, t/.z., zengo-
moka.
Frequent (be always found at), 7/.,
kumbama, kunda.
Frequent, a.^ -ankwamu.
Fret and snivel (as a child), 7/., ke-
mona.
Friction, n., efwenka, 8.
Friend, «., kumatele, 9 sing.
3C
Fri-Gen
( 754 )
Friendliness (as opposed to enmity),
n., ungudi, 12.
Frighten, v.t., sisisa.
Frightened, be, 7/./., sisa.
be exceedingly, v., mona keza (9)
orQ kinkenda (5).
be, and run awa)-, v.i., dikumuka.
Fringe, n., zamba, 6.
From, see also wa, App.
commencing from, tuka vana.
which is from, adj.^ -akwa kwa ;
this present is from Uiamoneka,
lukau lualu luakwa kwa
Diamoneka.
Front, in the, adv.^ ntu (4).
Fruit, ;/., mbongo, 2 ismg. only).
(generic), mpelo, 2.
I^RUiTLirssLY, adv., e nkaya-kaya.
Frustrate, v.t., budidisa.
Frying-pan, «., kangilwa, 6.
Fulfil, v.t., lunganisa.
Fulfilled, be, v., lungana, kwenda
e bambala (6).
Fulfilment, n., nlungu, 4.
Full, be, v.i., danda.
grown, be, v.i., vangama.
to overflowing, be or full of fat ; see
under yengela, App.
quite, densely full, adv., e ndibwa
(2) yo ; e mbwi (2) ; see also
nda, App.
Fulness, n., luzalu, 10.
Fun, «., kieya, 5 (Bake),
make fun, v., ta kieya.
Function, great public, ;/., nkungi, 4.
Funeral (burial), n., zikwa, 6.
Fungus mass, growing underground,
n., etondo, 8.
ot dry rot, also that which destroys
the palm-tree, «., bwakuku, 6.
Fur on the tongue in sickness, ;/.,
lenzi, 8 (Bako.); ^<?^ elenzi, App.
Furious, a., -ayezi.
be, 7/., fuluta yo makasi (8).
Furlong, ;/., mavwata 100, \ kia
kilometa.
Furnish, v., vambula.
to or with, v., vambwila.
Further, go, v.i., nungunuka.
(ina discourse), conJ.,YQ diaka diaka.
Furtherance, ;/., lunungununu, 10
. {aet.).
Fury, «., ntema, 2 ; efuluta, 8 ; kiezi,
5 ; nkenene, pi. 2.
(of madness or drunkenness), p.,
uwuya, 12.
Future, in the, adv., oku se ntu.
G.
Gain (that which is gained or ac-
quired), n., mbaku, 2. \
Gall, n., nsumba-ndudi, 2 (Bako.).
Garden round the house in a town,
;/., kiala, 5.
Garrulosity, n., mpova (2) anzo-
ko-zoko (4), vova (9) kwa-
nzoko-zoko.
Gash, n., ndwadi, 2.
Gasp, breathe the last, v., kuma
mongo (3) a fwa.
Gate-keeper, n., nemavitu, i.
Gather, little by little, -i>., wonzakela,
wonzolola, totolola.
large fruit, v.t., konga.
together, v.t., kutisa, kunga.
ofpeople,7/./., U^^^_
of things, v.t., )
Gathering, n., ekutu, 8 ; ekutu-
kutu,8 ; ekuti,8 ; kuti-kuti, 6.
Gauge (standard), n., nonga-nonga,
6 ; mbandu, 2.
set — as a, v., sia — e nonga-nonga.
Gaze at, v., tadikila.
fixedly, v.t., tala e tenia (6) or
tungununu (6), sia e tuku-
tnku (6).
Genealogy, ;/., luwutuku, 10.
General, in general use, a., kibeni ;
the general style of dress,
mpwata kibeni.
Generation, a, ;/., mbandu, 2.
(a bringing forth), nguta, 2.
(a making), mpanga, 2.
(epoch), n., tandu, 6.
Generosity, ;/., mvevo, 4-
(prodigal), ;/., nlungu-lungu, 4 ;
esQ-nzu (8) dia kaya.
( 755 )
Gi:n-G(>
Generous person, ;/., nkwa (i) zayi
(12) ; j^6'zayi, App.
Generously, adi'., kuna mvevo (4).
Gfnesis, 71., etuku, 8.
GiiNius, ;;., lue, 6 ; ndwenga, 2
{generally pi.) ; .mamoni, pi. 8.
natural, //., ntona, pi. 2.
Gentile, n., Nzenza, 2.
Gentle, be, 7'.i., lembalala.
make, v.t., lembeleka.
by gentle means, adv., kuna u-
ngomba.
Gentleness (of manner), ?;., ungo-
mba, 12.
n., lembama, 9 ; unleka, 1 2.
Gently, do, 7>.t., lelemba.
Genuine (pure), a., see under ^2^.^ App.
Get... more, v.t., batakesa ; if I
get two more, ovo mbatakesa
zizole.
from (a seat), v., telama vana.
into a hammock, v.i., zembama
muna wanda, 1 3.
out of, zeloka.
on well, vd., vangama, kukolela
ireji:). ^ .
together, %>., wizana.
up, vd., zangumuka.
up quickly, v., telamiana.
every one getting what he can, a.,
-ambakidi ; their portions were
whatever each could get for
himself, kunku yau yamba-
kidi.
Giant, ;/.,ndiaiigula, 4 ; nkwa ntela
(4) anda.
Gift, «., ekabu, 8.
given at betrothal or engagement of
a labourer, 7/.,nzitikila, 2.
given in the full expectation of ample
returns, evongo, 8.
give such a gift, sia e evongo.
see also mpongo, App.
Gird, ?/./., see kamina, App.
Girder (iron), n., mwangu, 3.
Girdle, //.,.y^6'mbama & mbuti, App.
Girl, a little, n., dumbalala, 6 ; ki-
ndumbalala,5 {women^s words) ;
kindumba - ndumba, 5 ; du-
mbelele, 6,
Gist (of a matter), ;/., mflkn, 2.
Give, vd., va {perf., vene), vanika.
a chance, opportunity, scope, z'.,
vana e nzila (2).
a small quantity of what one has
in abundance to another, vd.,
zeolola.
one's self to, v., kusia muna.
up (hand over), v., yekola.
(never to... any more), kenga ;
they have given up killing
witches, bavwidi kenga kio e
fu kia vonda e ndoki ; he
has given up telling lies, oke-
ngele ko vuna kwandi.
as of no further use, vd., tengola.
(waste on one), bunga (used only
in complaint when a thing is
■ not given); you did not give
me anything, kumbungidi ma
nkutu ko.
Gladly, very (with much apprecia«
tion), yo moko kwalu.
Glare fiercely or angrily, vd., vulu-
muna or tuvidika or tuvula
meso (pi. 7)-
Glass ware, which is very frail, «.,
belengenze, 6.
Gleam, vd., sekima, yedima.
Gleaming, a., -elezi-lezi, -ansemi.
Glitter, v., niania.
Glutton, «., dia-yuma, 6.
Gnaw, v., kesumuna, kesomona.
Go (an angry word), v., viangila ; do
not go into my house (you ras-
cal), kuviangila mu nzo ame
ko.
away, in a rage, vd., bubumuka.
away, never to return, ?/., langala.
away unobserved, v., vialuka.
backwards and forwards, v., kidibila.
crowding, v., longomoka (an angry
word).
, (energy), ;/., sakala-sakala, pi. 6 ;
ngungula-ngungula, 2.
about in all directions (as one search-
ing for something lost), 7'./.»
zungana.
away {of majiy only), vd., wunguka.
far away, v., vekomoka.
Go-Gre
( 756)
Go, conli?iued.
Govern, v., ludika.
for a change of air, z/., kiesa 6 zn-
with a firm hand, v.t, boselela.
nga (6).
Government, established, see nku-
in a mass, v.i., kokomoka.
wu, 2, App.
into all the particulars (detail), tapu-
Governor, n., nyazi, i & 4 ; nin-
tuta, kumbulula.
luntu, 2.
a little way from, v.l, vengomoka.
(viceroy), nkumbi, 2.
off accidentally (of a gun), va.,
Grace, your, see lekela and eta, App.
Tjubumuka.
Graft into (a tree), v.t., see dikila
out quickly, v., vayizieka.
and dika, App.
over to the other side or party, z/.z.,
Grain ('generally), ;/., ma (pi. 6) ya
zungumuka, tekomoka.
mbwaza.
go and return quickly, v.i., laka.
Grammar, ;/., nkiku (4) mia ndinga.
round to the other side, v., zeloka.
Grammatical (correct), a., -akosi.
(start), v.i., londola.
Gramme, n., grame, 2.
to meet, v., kamba.
Grandchild born to one, have a, 7'.,
to stool, v., swama.
tekola.
up, v., tota, kuma.
Grandparent, great, «., nkaka (2)
far away (into the sky), v.i., pe-
a ekunda (8).
moka, pumuka.
great-great, ?z., nkakuludia, 2.
Goad, n., mpalu, 2.
Grass (generic), ?z., lunianga, 11 & 8.
God forbid, mterj., siba venda.
(the blades of which are covered
God-father, n., see ese dia mungwa
with a long, soft, downy hair),
or nzila, a ezulu ; and lemba,
efwatakala, 8.
App.
climbing (razor-edged), ;/., nkengezi,
Godly fear,«., 5^^ umpumina-Nzambi.
2 (Bako.).
Going, the reason for,;?.,ngyeildelo, 2.
young sprouting, n., ndula, 2 ; ntu-
Good, that which is good, n., mbote, 2.
ku-tuku, 2.
for good, adv., kiamakulu {luith
variety of, see imder kimbulu,
the applied form) ; they have
App.
gone for good, bendele kiama-
Grave of great hunter, ;/., see nkala-
kulu.
menga, 4, App.
(profit), «., luwete, 10 ; ke diku-
temporary, ;/., see ngunga, 2, App.
mvanga luwete ko, it will not
Gravity ^r weight of something tend-
do him any good.
ing to fall from the perpendicu-
(sound), a., -avimpi.
lar, as the weight of a ladder
Goods, all one's (possessions), n.,
being placed in position, ;?.,
salangani, pi. 6 ; sa,la,Tigaiiu,
vweto, 6.
pi. 6 ; fwalangani, pi. 6.
Great, a.,-apoto (Osolongo),-aiikofo,
possessed, n., lusalu, 10.
ankomfo, -ambafu, -atonga;
Goodwill, n., luyayidilu, 10.
see also huge, App.
Gore, v., tulangesa.
(arduous), a., -afuki.
Gorge, n., mvonzi, 4.
(of birds only), -ambudangi.
Gorgeous (bright), be, v., kengomoka.
(of trees & things made of wood).
Gorilla, «., masika, pi. 13.
-ambondo-ngolo, -ambombo-
Gossip, «., lalabu, 6.
ngolo.
a woman who spends her time gos-
grow or be very or too, v.i.^ vanga-
siping, nkento (i) ne i mumu
nana.
yam una.
how, see under wingi, App.
Gourd, wild, n., esalala, 8.
make, vanginika, nenevesa (Kil
D.).
( 757)
(]re-Han
Great, continued.
Grumbling, n., nyidimu, 4 ; mangu-
one, the (a title of profound re-
na-wuna, pi. 7-
spect as chief of all), kinene, s ;
Grunt (as a pig), kwinga.
kinene-a-nza, 5.
with vexation, v., fululuka.
one [of children, cubs, <S:c. (wana)],
Guard (protecting projection), «.,
efwenka-fwenka, 8.
nkakilwa, 2.
Gkeater, become (in wealth or dig-
(watch), n., mayingila, pi. 8.
nity), 7/./., tunduka.
Guilty, be (bear the guilt), v., nata
Gkeed, «., kwilu, 9 (Bako.) ; evudi-
masumu (8).
dila, 8 ; lueba, 10 ; ukabu, 8.
of a capital offence, nata e mpanda
G:^EEi)Y person, ;/., ekabu, 8.
(2).
Greek, a., -akingrekia.
of a criminal offence, nata nkanu
language & customs, ;/., kingre-
(4).
kia, 5.
Gunpowder, a 20-lb. barrel of, «.,
Greenness, n., yisu, 6.
mbandu, 2 (Bako.) ; nkoyo, 2.
Greens (vegetables), ;/., mvudi, 4.
larger size, ;/., ngoma, 2 (Bako.).
Greet with news, see under ekaya,
Gush out, v.i., fwamfumuka.
App.
Greeting, ;/., ekaya, 8 ; emiangana,
8 (of women).
H.
(a manner of), nkayiswa, 2 {iictive)\
nkayiswa, 2 {passive) ; mbia-
ngana, 2 {active, of women).
Habit (nature), n., butukulu, 6
Grief, ;/., see nkondo-nkondo, App.
(Bako.) ; wutukilwa, 6 ; wutu-
Grieve greatly, v.t., kendeleka, ka-
kilu, 6.
ndidika ntima, 4 ; zubanisa.
one who has the habit of, «., see
Grieved, be, v.i., kendalala, ntima
«;/rt'^r mwisi, App.
(4 U-) kandalala or yanduka
Hack (cut with a blunt instrument),
or timvuka; ndunzi (2, i-)
v., fuba.
tiukwa; zubana, tiukwa
Hair growing upon the chest, n..
ntima (4).
nlenda, 4-
Grime, ;/., nkuku, 2.
Half released, be (as the spring of a
Grimed, a., e kuku {advl.).
trap which has caught on some-
Grind down, v.t., kwankuna.
thing), v., zonda.
(rub) hard on, ?/./., fwenka.
in half, adv., e bula-kati.
Grip, v.t., fiantikina.
Halt, v.i., kindama.
Groan (as one deeply moved), v., fu-
Hammer, n., nkonko, 2.
nduluka.
Hammock, be swung or supported in
Grope about, 7/./., bumbula.
or get into a, zembama muna
Ground, low down near the, adv.,
wanda(i3).
omu mbetela (2) a nsi (2).
get out of a, zeioka.
Group, «., ekutu, 8 ; ekutu-kutu, 8 ;
Hand, v., see under koko, App.
ekuti, 8 ; kuti-kuti, 6.
over, v.t., yekola.
Grow, in size or length, v.i., vulu-
to hold up the hand for silence or to
muka.
cause to retire, babidila.
higher (or in value), v.i., tuntuluka.
remain long on hand, v., kunda.
Grown up, be, v.i., vangama; see
Handbook of—, n., mpitu ye nsengo
also tmder kala mo, App.
(pi. 2) za— .
Grumble, v.i., yidima, vunguta,
Handle, of a cup, ;/., ekonge, 8.
lola, funduluka.
of knife, n., nyini, 4 (Bako.).
Han-Hea
( 758 )
Hands, the imposition of, n.^ ngya-
mbika (2) a moko (9) ; see
yambika, App.
lay on, impose, yambika moko.
Handsome, a., -ankeko.
person, ?/., nkenga, 4.
Hang tightly, to, %>.i., ziatalala.
(curtains, flags, &c.), v.t.^ zeinbe-
leka.
v.i.^ zembalala.
down (one's head), •t/./., boleka (o
ntu, 4).
down low (of the breast), v.i.^ bo-
kola.
down to the ground (of drapery), t/.z.,
yulumuka.
down (of branches), v.i., votalala.
Happen (take place), ?'., vaika ; see
also under ya, App.
since, vinga ; what has happened
since in the town ? nkia ma-
mbu mavingidi oko evata ?
have happen to one, v.^ vaikilwa.
Happiness, ;/., lufiauku, 10 ; fiauzi,
12.
Happy, be (fortunate), ?/., sambuka.
Harassed, be, v.i., finangeswa,
finangana.
Hard, a., -ankulungunzu (2).
and warped, be, t/.z., balalala.
make, v.t., badidika.
and dry, be, ?/., koya.
very, adv.^ e koyo.
and giving a ringing sound, a., -aka-
lati.
to explain or understand, a.^ -ampi-
mpita.
(of water), «., -ansinzi.
Hardly..., 7/., see under lendakesa,
App.
Hardness, ?z., nkulungunzu, 2.
of water, ;z., nsinzl, 2.
which gives a ringing sound, 7Z.,
kalati, 6.
Harmonize, vd., totama.
v.t., toteka.
Harmony (accord), ;/., ngwawani, 2.
be in, ^., wawana.
Harvest, «., nsalu, 4.
time, nsungi (2) a nsalu.
Harvest, continued.
time for arachis, nsungi a mpava
Hassock, n., see nsikinwa, 2, Appi ;
ndezi, 2. \
Haste, in great, adv., nzalala. )
be in too great haste about, and fiil,
v., tukika. >
Hasty thoughtlessness, zz., nkwalui4.
a., -ankwalu.
adv., nkwalu.
Hatch, vd., lalamena. 1
Hate fiercely, & determine evil, ■z'.i^y
kanama.
and plot against one another,
kanana.
Hatred, bitter, n., ef wenka, 8.
Haunt, n., nkunda, 2.
v., kunda, kumbama.
Have, see under kala ye, App.
in, 7/., -iniwa {passive ^/-ina). \
to have to (be obliged to), v., nwe-
ngwa, fwanukwa; see also
under must, App.
Havoc of, make, 77./., fwantakesa.
Hazard, v., kaya.
Head man (of a party, leading man),
ntu, 4-
in a discourse, zz., ekono, 8.
Headland, n., ekunkwa, 8.
Headlong, headforemost, adv., e
kimfitu (5).
to fall, v., ta or bwa e kimfitu.
Hp:adman of a gang, &c., zz., munsi-
nda, 3 ; ekota, 8 ; kapita, 2
(P. capitao).
Headship, zz., kuluntu, 12.
Healing (act), zz., nwuku, 4.
Health, restored, n., lo, 6.
Healthy, a., -avimpi.
person, n., mvimpi, i & 4.
Heap of dust or rubbish, ntumba (4)
a efuku (8).
on, v., kundakesa.
put all in a, vd., fwatika, fitika.
up, on, v., vomona.
Hear, willingness to, z/., matu (9)
manzoko-zoko.
Hearing, the sense of, z/., ngwilu, 2.
dull of hearing, be, v., vimpakana.
be very, v., bandama.
( 759 )
Hea-Hig
Heart, in the inmost or at the bot-
tom of one's heart, kuna nsi or
muna nsi-nsi a ntima.
iaint heart (which soon abandons
any pursuit), ntima (4) -ampe-
vo.
lose, 7'./., fuwa ntima, sec aha
kufianunga, App.
into (any work, (Src), put, ?'., sia
moyo (3) or ntima (4).
set one's heart on, 7'., sia-.-G
etima (8).
spasm of the heart, slight (supposed
to be the result of being men-
tioned by some one far away),
ntima (4, n-) dikiimnka.
(wholeheartedness), ;/., etima, 8 ;
see K.-Eng. App.
with the whole, kuna nsi a ntima (4).
Heat, ;/., yo, pi. 6.
white, «., ngaluka, 2.
Heathen, ;/., mulnzu, 3 (pi. min-).
Heaven, highest, ;/., kayenge, 9, &
kayengele, 9 (Bako.) ; kays, 9 ;
kapemo, 9 ; kapeko, 9.
Heavily burden ^rload, 7/./., bimuna.
burdened, be, ?'./., bimuka.
Heaviness, ;/., nzu, 2 ; see also nsinsi,
2, App.
Heavy with sleep, be, v., kala e nzu
yo tulu (10).
heavy to drag or move, be, v.i.^
sindama.
render, v.t., sindika.
Hebrf:w, ;/., Ibri, i.
language & customs, kiyibri, 5.
Hectare, ;/., ektare, 2 ; are, 100.
Hecto- (metre, &c.)= x 100; ekto-
(meta, <S:c.).
Hedge of thick bushes, n., kanka, 6.
Heedless, be, v., veza, landula.
Height, «., kungu, 6.
(of persons), ;/., mbandu, 2 (Bako.).
of one plane surface above another
or of a horizontal beam above
a given point ijiot the measure
of anything perpendicular), n.,
ngengo, 2.
the proper, usual height, see zengo,
6, App.
Held by the extreme end, be, v.i.y
zananana.
back, be, 7'./., vakama, simbininwa,
tatama.
Hell, ;/.,mbilu, 2 (bottomless pit).
Hellish (which will bring a man to
hell), a., -asungu.
Help, see also tinder aid, App.
any one to pick up his load, v.t.>
twikila.
n., luambu, 10.
render, ?'./., vana luambu.
in a crisis, fail to, 7'./., lulumuna,
lundumuna, filakesa, twa-
lakesa.
in trouble, v., kankana.
Helpless, see kintanta, App.
Hem into a corner, v.t., vakika.
Henceforth, adv., oku se ntu.
Herald, «., mboki ( i & 4) a nkoki (4) ;
nteleki, i & 4.
7/., teleka.
Herballst, mbangi (i & 4) a nti (4).
Herd, ;/.,bemba, 6 ; ekutu, 8 ; ekutu-
kutu, 8 ; ekuti, 8 ; kuti-
kuti, 6.
Here and there, adv., i nko i nko.
here, there and everywhere, adv.,
wa-ya-wa.
Heresy (schism), ;/., mpambani, 2.
Hesitate, v., ntima (4, u-) simpama
(Bako.) or kokoma or tintama.
to (shrink from), v., susa, mona e
nsusidi (2).
Hesitation, n., dingu-dingu, 6 ; ko-
koma, 9.
Hiccup, v.i., sikula.
Hidden, a., -akinswekamena, -aswe-
ki.
be, v.i., vilama.
Hide, v.i., swama (Bako.).
(put away), 7/./., velekela.
Hiding-place (passive), //., esweka-
meno, ^.
High, be very (of a price), n., ba-
ngala.
priced, a., -ambangadi.
of the forehead, a , -alundalala.
up, be or stand, v., tundalala, ku-
ndalala.
HiG-Hou
( 760 )
Highest, 7/., kayenge, 9, &. ka-
yengele, 9 (Bako.) ; kaye, 9;
kapemo, 9 ; kapeko, 9 ; the
bird went far away up into the
sky, e nuni yele muna kaye.
Highway, ;/., nkwala, 2.
Hill, flat top of, u., esela, 8.
Hindered from (something) by, be,
1/., bambamena.
Hindrance, u., eveko, 8 ; ezingu, 8.
(important business), vaki, 6.
Hire (labourers, &c.), '^., sumba
(Bako.), soneka.
(things), sompa.
Hired, «., -ansompa.
History, n., lusansu, 10.
Hit with something-, 7/., bafa.
Hitch (upon or over), vJ., vokeka or
voteka (muna).
Hoe, large, broad, ;z., elanga, 8.
strike with, 7/., vaba.
up the earth round a plant, v.f.,
vundanena, vundena.
Hoist (a sail or flag), vJ., vwika.
Hold fast, ?/., simbinina, tatidila.
firmly, tightly, fingitina.
on very firmly, va., zitalala, ziata-
lala ; see also persevere, App.
out from the body (as a fowl her
wings on a very hot day), z'J.,
tiakidila.
. out resolutely, v.t'., bamba.
take thorough, z'.z. (as a disease),
koleka (Bako.), kukolela, ku-
luka.
upon the hands with great care, v.,
lelela.
with the claws, vuta e nzala (2 & 11).
Hole (burrow), n., nduzu, 4.
caused by the sulDsidence of the earth,
n., volo, 6 ; voloka, 6.
(hollow), ;z., kimpolokoso, 5.
in the bed of a river, n., zanga, 8
(Bako.) ; zinga, 6.
in the earth, //., kobodia, 6 ; ko-
bonga, 6.
large, in trunk of a tree or piece of
wood, ;/., esasa, 8.
of large area, not necessarily deep,
«., evongona, 8.
Hole, continued. \
make a round, v.t., ziongola. j
very deep, ;/., mbilu, 2. i
Hollow, be (of the eye), 7/./., vomjo-
ka.
rt., -akoboka, -avompoka.
Homage, ;z., the formalities, kneelijig,
&c., which have to be observied
in approaching a great chief,
fuka, 6.
to perform such ceremonies, vanj^a
e fuka.
to kneel three times in approachiiig
the king, bwa e nzula (pi. 4)-l
to mark a cross on the ground ii
doing, 7/., tenda e nsi (2). \
to roll in the dust in abject homage
lengomoka. i i
Home, n.^ nkunda, 2.
remain, stay at, 7/., kuuda.
Honey, ;?., niosi, 2 (Bako.) ; bwiti,
12 (Bako.).
Honour (exalt), v.t., kundidika,
tundidika.
Honoured, be, t/.z., kundalala, tu-
ndalala, zita.
Hope, zz., lufiatu, 10 (P. confiar).
baseless, kiememe, 5.
foolishly, without any basis, 7/.,
sia e kiememe.
Hope against hope,| ^^^ ^^^:^ ^^
Hopes, false, J
nsi a vuvu.
live in hopes of, v.t., lekelela.
Horizon, zz., zietwela, 6.
Horn, small of antelope, mfiba, 4 ;
fiba, 6.
Horrible (pain, trouble, suffering),
zz., t§ma, 6 ; horrible sufferin ;
tema kia mpasi.
Horrid, a., -ansisi, -angemi.
Horror, zz., nkitimu (4) a ntima
(4) ; nsisi, 2.
Hostile, a., -atantu.
Hot, be very (of the sun), tz., sanu-
ka.
Hour, zz., ntangwa, 2.
House, built to keep fetish or charm
in, zz., vela, 6.
house cloth, zz., evuya, 8.
( 76i )
Hou-Ima
^OUSE, continued.
Hurry, ;/., estlta, 8.
(family), «., vumu, 6.
along by force, 7/./., sindakesa,
for shelter, ;/., nsampa, 4 (Bako.).
filakesa, lundumuna, lulu-
without walls, n., nduka, 4.
muna.
tie on the inner bamboo lining of
be in, 7/., kala ku esuta.
the walls, v., pela (Bako),
in a great hurry, ad7'., nzalala (4).
bimba.
Husband, n., see nkama, 4, App
Hlow many ? ififcf. pron., ekwa, 8 [a
Hush-money, see evunza, App.
what number (;/.)] ; I'lo^v many
Hut, ;z., sudi, 6.
are left ? ekwa disidi ?
Hypocrisy, n., kuviinina, 9.
each, ekwa-ekwa.
Hypocrite, n., kuvfinina, i.
very, see biza & mbote, App.
However, adv., see mpasi owu &
oku mpe, App.
I.
Hoyden, ;/., nkwa kindumba, 5.
JUGE, a., see also great.
animal, ;/.,evwendengele (8) dia— .
Ichneumon (herpestes), ;/., mfwenge,
for its age (of children, cubs, eSrc),
2.
w., efwenka-fwenka (8) dia— ;
Idea (intention), 71., ekani, 8.
huge child, efwenka-fwenka
(thought), ngindu, 2.
dia mwana.
(whim), n., ntiti, 4-
something (fear-inspiring), «., ngO-
have an idea that—, eki, with the
bodi, 2.
possessive pron. in class 7
thing, a, ;/., kiolo, 5 (a woman's
sing. ; I had an idea that I
word), kokosi, 6 ; mbofongo, 4 ;
should find it, eki diame,
look at those huge tusks of ivory,
yasolola kio.
se tadi e kokosi ya mpungi ;
Identification, means of, n., ziki-
a huge snake, kiolo kia nioka.
ziki, 6.
a., -ambofongo.
Idle talk, see lender nsumi, App.
(of wood), mbombo-ngolo, 4.
If (in the event that), <:^;?y., vozevo ;
a., -ambombo-ngolo.
see also under kana VO kala,
luMAN, a., -awuntu.
& ova, App.
■lUMANiTY (human nature), ;/., WU-
as if, cojij., ne banza vo.
ntu, 12 ; uwuntu, 12.
even if, conj., vova ele vo ^r vova
iuMiLiTY, ;/., lulembamu, 10.
ele vo.
iUNCHBACK, ;?., kingunda, 5.
if not, conj., ke mpela ko.
iUNGER, which seems insatiable, ;/.,
perfect, «., ebumbu dia ebumbu (8).
dio-dio, 6.
Ignorance (darkness), ;/., bubidi, 6.
one suffering from, ndio-dio, 4.
in, adv., oku bubidi.
in the morning, supposed to be
Ignorant about a matter, be, v.i..
caused by a new secretion of
yididilwa.
saliva, ;/., ete (8) dia ewawa.
person, ;/., mvilwa, i & 4.
iUNGRY, be, 7/., moya (3, u-) fwa-
one who is (uneducated), muluzu, 3.
ma (Bako.) ; see vilwa e nzala
I LL, be very, 7/., ke kala biza ko.
(2), App.
Illegal, a., -ansi (2) a nkuwu (2).
iUNT, rat, ;/., esaku, 8.
thing, «., nlongo, 4.
JUNTING skill (in stalking), ekonde-
Illuminating, n. {act.), ntema, 2.
ka, 8 ; ekoneka, 8.
Illumination, n., lutemo, 10.
iURL far away, v., swanga.
Image, reflected, ;/., see tunguminn,
JuRRicANE, ;/., nebidi, 2.
6, & nkangazi, 4, App.
IiMA-lND
( 762 )
immediately,
'., kikilu ; he
, ofwidi ki-
IMAGES, maker of, n., nsemi, (i «& 4)
or mvadi (i & 4) a teke (6).
Imagine, v., kala diau ; what did he
imagine, adieyi kakedi diau.
(think), see also under zaya, App.
Imitate, vJ., tanginina, tangununa.
Imitated, be, 7ki., tangunuka.
Imitating, habit of, ;/., tanginini, 6.
Imitation (copy), n., tanginina, 6.
act of, «., ntanginina, 2.
Immature, be, v.t., ke yeboka ko.
Immediately, adv., mu or vovo or
vana fulu, vovo van ; see also
U7tder mu (i mu), App. ; also
expressed by the reduplicated
verb, to take
l)onga-l3onga.
{followi7ig a verb), adi
died immediately
kilu.
Immense thing, n., kokosi, 6.
Immerse, v.t., zaba.
Immoderate, a., -atununu.
be, vd., tununuka.
Immoderation, n., yingalu, pi. 5 ;
see also tununu, 6, App.
Immortal, be, v., lembi fwa.
Immortality (immortal nature), n.,
owu ulembi fwanga.
(not to die), lembi (9) fwa; because
of his immortality, muna dia-
mbu dia mfwa kelembi fwa.
Immovable, be (very tight), vd., kwi-
tama ; see also firm,
be, stand, vd., kindama.
Impart part of something which was
given to one, vd., kawulula.
Impatience, //., mpiaviana (2) a
ntima (4), mpiaviani, 2 ; esuta,
8; kiangula, 5.
Impede, ?/./., kindika.
Imply that, which would, coiij., see
mpangu, App.
Importance, great, n., luvanginiku,
10 ; luvangananu, 10.
Important, a., -abindama.
grow, be, vd., vanganana.
make, vd., vanginika.
Importunate, be, v., sia e ntala
(pl. 2).
Importunity, ;/., ntala, pl. 2.
Impose hands, v., see yambika (a
moko (9), App.
Imposition of hands, n., ngyambiia
(2) a moko (9) ; see yambika,.
App.
Impossible, be, vd., lembwa 1|b-
ndakana.
Impregnate, vd., vidika.
Impression, give a false, vd., vungl-
nika.
left by a seal, 11., nkutu-bandu, 2.
vivid, 7/., kienze, 5.
Imprint, 7/., kweza, kwezeka.
n., kwezo, 6.
Impropriety, ;/., eyanga, 8 ; see also
tununu, 6, App.
commit an, v., bula e eyanga.
Impudence, n., mfiandu, 2 ; ntia-
mvuna, 2.
Inadvertently, do, say, disclose a
matter, pass a place, or other-
wise act, v., lutakana, sunda-
kana.
cause to act thus, sundakesa, lu-
takesa, lutisa.
let a matter slip thus, lutakesa e
diambu (7).
Incandescence, ;?., ngaluka, 2.
Incense, ?/., ndumbu, 2.
Incessant, a., -ankwamu.
Incite, vd., yangumuna.
Incontinence, n., yingalu, pl. 5.
Increase, vd., tuntuka, ^^r rt/j-c- vaza,
App.
(add to), vd., yikula.
(grow greater), vd., saka.
(in height, value, &c.), vd., tuntu-
luka.
(in wealth or dignity), vd., tundu-
ka.
(swell out as rice, «S:c., in water), v.y
futuluka.
Increasingly, go on, I'd., see ujider
vaza.
Indeed (by all means), adv., kiau
tu nki, at the head of the
clause.
Indent, v.t., kofola.
Indented, a., -akofoka.
( 763 )
Ind-Ins
Independence (holding aloof), «.,
umpavuludia, 12.
NDiCATK, 7'., zikinisa.
pecially, v., ta.
iCATiON, ;/., ziki-ziki, 6.
Indicative, a., -aziki-ziki.
Indifference (holding aloof), ;/.,
umpavuludia, 12.
Indifferent, be, ?'., kuvava {rej!.).
(disregardful), be, ?'./., kumvalala.
Indiscreetly, do, 7/., swatakesa.
Indiscretion, ;/., nswatakesa, 2.
IjNDisTiNCT, be, 7',/., vilalala, fu-
[ fuka.
INDIVIDUAL, ;/., mbana, i •,pL amba-
' na.
Indivisibility, ;/., kide-kide, 5.
iNDivisiHLY, ad7'., e kide-kide.
Imduced, be, 7/., kala ye evuku-
B vuku.
WDUCEiMENT, n., evuku-vuku, 8.
lofifer as an, 7'., sia e evuku-vuku.
Industrious, be, finizieka.
Inequality, ;/., ntuka, 4 ; ntula, 4.
Infamous (cursed), a., -asungu.
Infancy, n., kiswa, 5.
Infirmity, ;/., eyovoka, 8.
Inflate, 7'. A, tuva, tuvula, tivi-
dika.
Inform, v., sunzula (e diambu, 7).
formation as to the sickness or
death of a relative or some dis-
aster which has befallen him,
7z., etamba, 8.
give the fullest, sia oku kukiele.
formed, be well, v., lumbu-
luka biluka, via, via e
mpila (2).
furiated, be, 7/.Z., zengomoka.
HERiT, v., vwa e efwafwa, 8 ; see
efwafwa, App.
(real property), 7/., vingila.
heritance (birthright), n., see
efwafwa, 8, App.
itiated, be well, «., via, lumbu-
luka.
NITIATIVE in, take the, ;/., tomona.
JUSTICE, ;/., vilwa, 12.
(wrongful violence), ;/., balu, 12.
K, ;/., dima, pi. 6.
Innocent, «., ke -ina mu kuma (6)
ko, -alembwa e kuma ; inno-
cent blood, menga ke mena
mu kuma ko or menga male-
mbwa e kuma.
be, 7'., ke kala mu kuma ko, le-
mbwa e kuma (6).
Inquire about, after, 7/./., yandala.
Inquisitive about, be, v.t., tongo-
lola.
person, ;/., ntongolozi, 2 ; nembu-
mba-kalutwa, i.
INQUISITIVENESS, «., UntOUgOlOzi, 12.
habit of, luntongolozi, lo.
Insatiability, ;/., kinzola-nzola, 5.
Inseparability (of two or more sepa-
rate things), n., kide-kide, 5.
Inseparably, adv., e kide-kide.
Insignificant, see small, unimport-
ant.
Insist very strongly upon, v., kuzika,.
siamisa.
Insolence, n., lutiangu, 10 ; ntia-
ngu, 2 ; nduvu, 4 ; ntiamvuna,
2 ; etingu, 8 {ge7ie7'ally pi.) \.
lutiu, io.
Insolently, treat, v.t., tiakidila.
Inspect, v.t., lay a, senga.
Inspector (spy), n., nsengi, 2.
Inspire, v.t., fulumwina, vumwina.
Instance, ;/., nona,6 ; pwa-meso, 6.
give an, v., sia e nona.
for, co7tj., kasika.
Instantly, adv., sec immediately^
App.
Instead of, conj., ke mu...ko; see
also kaka, App.
Instinct, ;/., ntona, pi. 2.
Instruct, in art, mysteries of doctor-
ing, v., tambika e kinganga
(5).
Instructed, be, v.t., longoka.
thoroughly, v.t., lumbulula, via.
Instruction, thorough, ;/., visa, 6.
Instructions, give imperative, v.y
kanikina.
(order), yika.
Instrument, musical, ;/., sikwa, 6.
Insubordinate, be, 7'., sec tununu-
ka & zanu, App.
INT-JUD
( 764 )
NTEGRITY (correctness of manner),
n., kosi, 6 ; nsongi, 2.
Intellect, ;z., nyindu, 4 ; diela, 7-
Intelligence (some small, very im-
perfect intelligence of some-
thing), kiundu, 5 (scent in
hunting).
Intense (eager), to grow, v.i.^ vela-
vela.
Intensity (of love or longing), «.,
ebiki, 8 ; mlDiki, 4 ; elusu, 8 ;
esunga, 8.
Intention, n.^ ekani, 8.
one who has evil intentions, ;/.,
nkani, 2.
endeavour artfully to find out the
intentions of another, 7/./,,
konda.
Intercourse, friendly, n.^ see ngwi-
zani, 2, App.
with, have, v., kala kumosi yo.
Interdiction (strong), 11., see kandu,
6, App.
Interest, absorb all the, 7az., va-
nganana.
deprive of, v., vonda ntima (4).
lose its, 7/., tukumuka.
lose one's, v., tukumukwa, fuwa
ntima (4).
(on a loan), w., mazuka, 8 pi.
only.
Interested in, be much, t/., sia...o
moyo (3).
Interior, the far, «., ediongi, 8.
Interjection, «., tatu, 6.
Interspace, \ ;/., mposoko, 2 ;
Interval, \ mpwasila, 2.
Intestine, ;/., ekati, 8, App.
Intimate terms, be on the most, -z/.,
see yambana, App.
INTREAT, 7/., dodokcla, wondelela.
Invent, v.t., semona, solomona,
selomona.
Investigate, v., longota.
(trace out), v.t.^ tongonona.
Investigation, //., ndongota, 2.
habit of careful, ;/., luntongolozi,
10.
Investigaior, ;z., ndongoti, 2.
Invisible, be, 7/./., vilama.
Invisible, coitiinued. I
be almost, v.i.^ vilalala.
Irksome (annoying), «., -anangi.
Irritate, v.t., tutisa e ekudi (8),
zekanisa.
Irritation, n. {active)^ luseko, iq
{passive), n., nkafi, 4 {geny. sing.).
Item (point), n., ekono, 8 ; see dso
under nkumbi «S: nkungulu,
App.
Ivory horn, performer upon, kimp]l-
ngi, 5- 1
Jacinth, ;/., yasinte, 2.
Jacket, ;/., ekutuwa, 8.
Jar, ;?., bungwa, 6.
Jasper, //., yaspe, 2.
Jealous (as regards one's husband
or wife), a., -ansongo.
person, nganga (2) a nsongo.
Jealousy {as above), n., nsongo, pi. 2.
Jerk off, v.t, zaznna.
Jest, n., kieya, 5 (Bako.).
7/., ta kieya.
Jet, v., sianzuka.
Jewel, Jewelry, ;/., nkembo, 2.
Jigger which has not penetrated, n.,
nkanza, 2.
which has been in some time, ntn-
nga, 2 ; ntanda, 4.
Jilt, v.t., tiala.
«., ntiangu-ntiangu, 2.
Jilting, habit of, ;;. untiangu-ntia-
ngu, 12.
Joint (in the limbs), «., mboko, 2.
Joke, «., kieya, 5 (Bako.).
v., ta kieya.
Jostle together in running, v.i., vi-
ndana.
Journey about, v., kiba(Bako.) beba
(Bako.).
Joy, ;/., kienzi, 5 (Bako.); ekembo, 8.
(Nkembo causes ekembo in the
heart.)
Judge, ?/./., fundisa.
«., mfundisi, i & 4.
(determine a matter), 7/., kubika.
(a matter in one's mind), lamba.
( 765 )
Jud-Lac
K.
Keen edge, have a, z/., vela-vela.
Keep on ...ing, v., sama, kwama,
kwaminina, lakama.
clear (of), kuvava (muna).
on at, keep on trying, v., vanamiana,
vampamiana.
(reserve, put aside), 2/., velekela.
proudly to one's self, v.i., tintila.
(maintain) well, in good condition
and order, simbinina.
Key, v., mwivi, 3 (Bako.).
note (in music), ;/,, ekanda, 8.
Judge, continued.
to be a judge (of), v., zaya e mpa-
mbula (2) (a).
JLDC.MENT [process of (ac/i've)], n., lu-
fundisu, 10.
(I \active applied and passive), lufu-
r ndisilu, 10.
I give, v.t., solola, sia e nzengo (2).
I (in a law court), ;/., nzengo, 2.
j(of a judge), w., mpiku, 2. |
[prepare or take counsel as to a, v.,
I lamba e mpiku.
UMP, v., yoma, doma, dumuka.
(start), z/.z"., kitumuka.
UNGLE (when spoken of generally,
not of some part of the jungle),
n., mfuta, 4.
great patch left unburnt, ;/., ebe-
mbia, 8.
left by the fires and affording shel-
ter to game, «., tumbu, 6.
which was not burnt last season, 7/.,
nkunku, 2.
Junior, n., see nsakila, pi. 2, App.
Just, adv., see under ozevo »& i...aka,
App.
(proper), a., -akosi, -ansongi.
just as if or like, adv. ; see under
vanga, and not, App.
to... just... only, v. aux. \ see vika,
App.
^TUXTAPOSITION, put together in, v.,
^K sila e mbadi kumosi.
I
Kick, «., kinkala, 5 (Bako.).
v., tua kinkala (Bako.) ; bala or
pala e kinsi (5).
anything along, pala.
up or along, vubuna.
Kill in great numbers, v.t., fnmnna.
Kilo- (metre, &c.) = x 1,000 ; kilo-
(meta, &c.).
Kilometre, n., kilometa, 2 ; ma-
vwata 546I.
Kind action, n., ewete, 8.
(sort), n., mvila, 4 ; mpwa, 2.
to each other, be, v., lembamiana.
of any kind, of the kind, una -ina ;
I did not see anything of the
kind in there, kimwene mo
ma una kina ko.
of many good kinds, a., -a miza
ya miza.
Kindliness, n., luyayidilu, 10.
Kindly feeling, n., ngemba, 2.
Kindness, ;/., see ungndi, 12, App.
(motherly), ngemba (2) a ngudi
(Bako.) ; walakazi, 12.
Kindness, show, v.t., yayidila.
King (in cards), ;/,, elei, 8 (P. rei).
Knave (in cards), n., ekonde, 8 (P.
conde).
Kneading trough, n., elonga, 8.
Kneel down to, v.t., fukamena.
Kneeling, adv., mamfukama (pi. 7).
Knife having a lateral curve for hol-
lowing out rattles, &c., n., lu-
kombo, 10.
Knock, n., dodo, 6.
(anything) along, v.t., pala.
over backwards, v.t., manguna, ma-
kuna.
up (a small piece of skin, bark, <S:c.),
v.t., kewona.
Knot, n., see ekolo, 8, App.
L.
Laborious (arduous), a., -afnki.
Labour, hard, n., mfuntu, 4-
Lack ; something of which a part is
lacking, and therefore useless
n., ntuka, 4-
Lad- Leg
766 )
Lad, «., lezi, 6 ; kiusi, 5 (Bako.).
Lay, continued.
of about 15 or 16 years of age,
down (something great), v., buli-
71., luntoko-toko, 10 ; luntoko-
dika.
ntoko, 10.
hold of, v.t., vwila.
Ladder, ;/., sikada, 2 (P. escada);
wash & lay out the dead, v., sungEL.
tombokelo, 6.
(of the laity), a., -ansonzolo.
Lady-bird, ;/., kumbi-kumbi, 6.
waste, v.t., fwantakesa.
Laity, one of the, ;/., nsonzolo, 2.
Layer, ;/., mbandu, 2 ; tenso,
5 ;
Lamb, «., meme-meme, 6.
•kunda, 6.
Lame person, ;/., fwa-mboko, 6.
' in layers, adv., e mbandu-mbandu.
Lament, with gesticulations, ?/./., za-
of thatch, n., ntembe, 2.
zana.
j Layman (uninitiated), ;/., nsonzolo, 2.
Lamp, «., nkengwa, 2.
Laziness, ;/., uleza, 12. ,
Lazy, a., -eleza. 1
fellow, eleza, 8. I
Landscape (fine view), n., tunda, 6.
Language, abusive, bad, ;/., ludu-
vuku, 10.
Lead, ;/., kiumbu, 5 (P. chumbo).
Lap (as a dog), v.t., leta.
off, away (bear away), v.t., twala-
Large, a., see great, App.
kesa, filakesa.
Larynx, ;/., lulaka, 10 (Bako.).
by fair promises ^/-excuses, v.t., ko-
Lasciviousness, 77., yingalu, pi. 5.
kela.
Lash, vJ., zwabula, vizula.
Leader of the refrain in antiphonai
(stripe), w., nzila, 4 ; mvibu, 4 ;
singing, ;/., ntozi, 2.
nsila, 4-
Leading man, ;/., ntu, 4.
whip, ;/., nzila, 4.
Leak out fast, vd., fwamfumnka.
Lashed, be, or scarred with lashing,
Leathery, be, v., sinita.
7/.Z., vilnmuka.
Leave (avoiding observation), v., ku-
Last, at, adv., oku nsuka, oku
vava.
nsuka a ntu; j^t'v?/j-^mbangi,
leave (depart, of many only), vd.^
App.
wunguka.
(in the future), kuna ntu kukwi-
(a thing) not in the charge of any
ziwa.
one, v., yambika.
(remain), v.i., zingila.
' one's work (for a time), sonsoka.
(very long), zinguluka.
constantly, sonsozioka.
the (of persons), ;/., nsuka, 4.
Leaven, vd., funisa.
the last cup of wine in a calabash.
n., funa, 12.
«., nsi, 2, sing, (pi. 2, Bako.).
Leavened, be, vd., funa.
Latitude, also a parallel of, ;/., nka-
Leavings (left on one's plate after a
mbiku, 2.
meal), n., nswa-koko, sing., 2.
Laugh at, v.t., kiekielela.
Lee <back, shelter), n., nima, 2.
heartily, 7/,,yemba makaka (pi. 8)
Leeward, to, adv., ku ntala (2) a
^rtusevo (pi. 10), diekomoka.
tembwa (6).
Laughter, roar with scornful, v.t..
Left behind bv mistake, be, vd., sa-
kumbulwila.
didila.
Law of nature, ;z., minu, 6 ; nkiku, 4.
empty, be, v., sadila.
details of (statutes), ;/., mina, pi. 3.
out, be (of something which one
Lawlessness, n., nmpumbulu, 12.
wished to keep secret or hidden ;
(utter disorder), n., ntumpa-ntu-
of things only), vd., beleleka.
mpa, 4.
Left-handed person, ;/., monso, 3.
Lay before (something in motion to
Legal (properly constituted), a., -a
stop it), v.t., kakidila.
•nsi a nkuwu (2).
.1
( 767 )
Len-Loa
Jj:nd at interest, v.t., dimisa.
^Mngth, at, adv., oku nsuka a ntn,
^H oku se ntu, oku kwakwiziwa.
^^B)e irregular in length, t'./., swa-
^f ndana.
Lextil bush and fruit, //., wandu, 1 1
& 12.
Less (in size), a., -akeva.
grow, be, z'., keva.
make, ?'./., kevesa.
Lesson (warning), ;/., elongi, 8.
Let, 7'., yeka (Zombo).
(imperative), see mbudi, App.
off, free, v., vukisa.
out (rent), ?'., sompeka.
Lethar(;v, ;;., nsindu, 4.
Leviticus, book of, ;/., Fuka, 6.
Liable for, be, v., lama.
Liberality, ruinous, giving away
everything possessed, esanzu
(8) dia kaya, nlungu-lungu, 4.
Liberty, be at, ?/., vevoka, vevokwa,
vevokelwa.
Lie, v.t., vunginika.
habit of telling anything but the
truth, ;/., mpova (2) a ndambu.
face upwards, on one's back, v.i.,
kayama.
face downwards, bukalala.
(of something great), v.i., bubalala.
Life, ;/., moya, 3 (Bako.).
t(the living principle), fulumunu,
6 (Bako.) ; umunu, 6 (Bako.);
fulumwinu, 6 ; vumwinu, 6.
e length of, ;?., ezinga, 8.
anner of, //., kadilu, 6 ; nkala, 2.
L' (one's opponent off the ground in
wrestling), 7/./., sela.
LiGAMExN'T, 11., nsimbininu, 2.
IJHT (not the thing which causes
light, but the hght resultant),
«., ntemo, 4.
candle), ;/., nkengwa, 2.
give light to, v., temona.
(not heavy), a., -ampevo.
shed, impart, v.i., tema.
[of affliction (mpasi) only],^?., -ezala.
(not heavy), -ampevo.
Likely, be very, ?'., nanga ; he was
very likely right, onanga lunga.
Liken to (compare), T'./., tezanisa yo
(&c.).
Liking (for), «., nlaku (a), 4 ; ele-
mena (dia), 8.
Limit, ;/., nsilu, 4 ; luiku, 10.
in height or depth, //., zengo, 6.
Limp, be, ?'./., lewoka, leoka, leuka,
zewoka, tukuka.
Line (row), ;/., mbangu, 4 ; nlolo, 4.
take one's place in a line, v.y
yika mbangu.
in a line, adv., e kia-kia, e ndonge-
leka.
arrange, v.t., kialumuna.
up (be arranged in a line), v.i., kia-
tumuka.
(cord) for clothes, ;/., ezalu, 8.
Linen, n., lino, 2 (P. linho).
LlP,7^, koba, 6 (Bako.).
(of an animal), befo, 6.
Listen ! wete! ( = wa + ete, Bako.).
carefully, ?/., teka or kelesa matu
. (9)-
to, v.t., widikila (Bako.), wila,
vivila.
to be troublesome to, v., tekesa
matu (9).
willingness to listen to each other,
n., ngwizani, 2.
Litre, n. (176 pints), lita, 2.
Little, take too, v., kusakidika
{rejl.). ; do not take too little,
take what you will, kwiyisa-
kidika ko, bonga konso eyi
ozolele.
Live by (make a living by), v., vulu-
kila.
luxuriously, v.t., pututa, vwama.
Live stock, ;/., twelezi, 6 ; twezi, 6
(Bako.).
Living by, make a, v., vulukila.
, means of getting a, ;/., mpulukilu, 2.
Lizard, ;/., ndiasala, 4 (Bako.) ; ndi-
ala, 4 (Bako.).
Load (burden), ;/., zitu, 6 ; enatu, 6.
Loafer, ;/., nzengelevwa, 4.
Loan, «., zuka, 6 ; kindundu, 5.
Loathing, ;/., nkenonoka, 2.
of foQd after over-feeding, ;/., elenzi»
8 ; sec lenzi (App.).
Lob-Lou
( 768 )
Lobster, n., nkosa, 4; nkosa a
Look, continued.
mbu (4).
down, v., veteka meso (;)•
Locate, v., kuma.
(slily), v., ketoka.
Lodge, v.i., wunda.
fiercely, angrily, v., tuvula or vu-
Lodging, ;/., leko, 6.
lumuna meso (pi. 7)-
Log, ;z., see mpombolo, App.
fixedly, v.i., sia e tuku-tuku (6).
Lone, «., see lonely.
for (seek), v., sata.
Loneliness, n., kinzunga, 5 ;
forward to, v.i., lekelela.
sombe, 6 ; lunzungulu, 10.
longingly at, v., lengokelwa or
Lonely, ;/. (of places only), -asombe,
lengukilwa or yengola.. .0
-akinzunga.
meso (pi. 7).
Long ago (the remote past), ;/. ka-
out ! interj., makono !
vengelele, 9.
up, v.t., sengola meso (pi. 7)-
long long ago, ever so long ago.
well after, v.t., kenga, keya.
adv., vana kavengelele.
well at, v.t., tadidila.
be (tarry), 7/., zinguluka.
Looked at lovingly, lustfully by, be,
for, 7/., tantama ; see also desire, &
v., lengokelwa or lengukilwa
App.
meso kwa.
(intensely), v., zinwa or laku-
Loose (earth or sand), n., see efwese-
kwa moyo (3) ; see K.-Eng.
fwese dia— , App.
App. ; ketokela, fwila e
Loosely, tie, v.t., zeyeleka.
ebaba (8).
be tied, vd., zeyalala.
(in length), be, become, grow, z/.z.,
Loquacity, n., lumpintula, 10 ; lue-
leva.
tola, 10.
make, v.t., levesa.
Lordship over, to exercise, vd., bose-
long range (of weapons), a., -antu-
lela.
nta, -antwala.
Lose all energy or power to say ^rdo.
so long as (while), adv., see yavana,
v., tionga.
App.
(in gambling, war, »&c,), vd., yela.
«& thin, a., -ansioni.
vd., yelwa.
Longer, no, adv., ke...diaka ko;
the taste (for a thing), nlaku (4, U-)
I will stand no longer, kitela-
saka ; he has lost the taste for
ma diaka ko.
palm-wine, nlaku audi a
Longing, ;/., nlekoko (4) a moyo
malavu usakidi.
(3) ; evelema, 8 ; eluema, 8.
Loss (in trade), ;/., nkuluki, 2.
to be able to do something which
(a losing), nkulukwa, 2.
one cannot or must not do, n.,
suffer, v., fwilwa.
tiki-tiki, 6.
of, fwidilwa.
to have such a longing, v., sala e
be at a loss to know how to do
tiki-tiki.
or make something, v., yitaki-
Longingly at, to look, v., lengoke-
ana.
Iwa or yengola meso (pi. 7).
Lost, be or get, vd., vianda.
Longitude, also a parallel of, «.,
be lost and wandering, v., vuvana.
ntongeka, 2.
(disappear), be, v., lala.
Long-suffering (the paying no heed
hopelessly, be, v., langala.
to violence, annoyance, &c.).
Lot, ofa, mundu a (P. mundo, the
n., nlandu, 4 ; mvuku, 4.
world).
be, v., landula, lazula.
what a lot, see biza & mbote,
Look at, for, after, v., tadikila.
App.
blank, v.i., tungama, monga,Tia,na.
Loud (of the voice), a., -abakuka.
( 769 )
Lou-Man
I' '^UDLY, to speak, v., bakula e ndi-
nga (2).
/E, v., see tonda, App.
rotherly, ungndi, 12.
■nutual), n., nzolani, 2.
Loved, best (the favourite), a., -anta-
mbuki.
Low down, near the ground, adv.^
omu mbetela (2) a nsi (2).
and flat, a., -elalangoma.
and spreading, be, 7/., batalala.
Lower a price, v.t., bufa.
Lowering, be (of the weather), 2/.,
[kuma (9) ku-] yitalala.
Lubricate, -v., lelemesa, lelomona.
Lubricated, be, v., lelomoka, lele-
ma.
Luck (good), «., zumbi, 6.
Lump, «., ebungela, 8 ; ebwengele-
kete, 8.
left in something imperfectly ground
or crushed, ;/., elusu, 8 ; vanzi-
kwa, 6 ; dindusu, 7 (Bako.).
(which protrudes), n.^ fungnidia, 6.
(mass), n., mbumba, 4.
Lunch, n., mbela-mbela, 2.
Lupus exedens, 7i., matamba, pi. 8.
Lure, v., volela.
«., volela, 6.
IusT, 7t., eketo, 8.
^after, v.t., ketokela.
(any one), v., mwena...o longo
(10).
uxuRY, live in, v., vwama, pu-
tuta.
M.
Machine, «., mkkina, 2 (P. ma-
china).
Made, be, v.i.^ salama.
up (not real), a., -ansoka.
Magistrate, «., mungwizi, 3.
Maiden, young, «., dumbelele, 6 ;
see also mwenze, App.
Maintain in good condition, v.t.^ si-
mbinina.
Make, v.t., sadika.
Make, continued.
(build, style), «., kanda, 12.
little cuts in, 7/., nwata.
(manner of making), «,, ebangu, 8.
one's self out to be, v.i.^ kukita
{refl), kikitula {refl.).
out the total of an amount to stand
at, balula ; I make it 10,000
rods, mbalwidi kiazi kia
ntaku.
quickly, v., vangizieka.
up one's mind, 7/., yambukwa
ntima (4) or moyo (3).
a way (through), v., teta e nzila
[(2) muna].
way (to allow some one to pass), 7/.,
sila e nzila (2).
Male, a, -abakala (Bako.),-ambakala
(Bako.).
plant, «., nlomba, 4,
sex, n., kiakala, 5 ; lungisa e
kento ye kiakala, assemble
all the population (///., all
womankind and mankind).
Malice, n., efwenka, 8 ; lutonge-
neko, 10.
bear against, 7/./., tongeneka.
Malignity, n.^ efwenka, 8 ; Into-
ngeneko, 10.
Mallet, n., nkonko, 2.
Man, see also mbana, App.
of importance or position, n.^ mwl-
Manage, t/., ludika.
Mane, n., nsamba-samba, 2.
Mangrove tree, «., mwema, 3 (Solo-
ngo).
Manhood (that which constitutes a
man, a human being), «., ■nni-
ntu, 12 ; nwnntn, 12.
Manioc, a very soft, immature root
of, «., nsian, 4.
Manner, in the same, adv.^ kumosi.
(style) of carrying or speaking,
ndata, 2.
Mantis, «., lunkunza-mbuku, 10
(Kib.) ; lunkunza-nkonzo, 10
(Bako.) ; lunsunga-nkombo, 10
(Makuta).
Manure (vegetable), «., mvuku, 2.
3D
Man- Men
( 770 )
Many or too many, take, 7/., kwe-
Mean, continued, ,
ndelesa.
that, conj., see mpangu, App.
have, kwendelelwa.
Meaning, n., nsosa, 2.
because (there were) so many, see
Means (ability), ndenda, 2 ; every
wingi, App.
one according to his means.
very many, see e ke ye kingi, App.
konso muntu mnna, ndenda
Mar, v., bandula.
andi.
Mark, -z/., vianga.
(of obtaining), n., mpwilu, 2 ; l)a-
made on the road to show the route
kilu, 6.
taken by a caravan, n.^ nkolo-
by all means, adv.. Mail tu nki.
mona, 2.
Meanwhile, adv., wau (during); the
make a, v., kolomona, tenda e
sentence being reconstructed to
nzila (2).
admit of the use of during.
Marriage, n., nsompani, 2.
Measles in pork, a cyst of, n., yinga,
Married, be, 2/./., sompoka (of wo-
8 (Bako.) ; disa, 7.
men only).
Measure (a stick, &c., cut or marked
Marsh, n., ntabala, 4.
to the exact length), n., ezengo,
Marvel at, v., kuimina.
8.
(to utter a cry of surprise), v.i.^ ku-
with overflowing measure, adv.,
luluka.
mabetomona (pi. 8).
(wonderful thing), «., nkumbi, 4 ;
thus, to, v., sia mabetomona.
nkungulu, 4.
Mediate, v., kamhakana.
Mash, v.t.^ vota.
Mediator, n., nzonzi, 2 (Bako.) ;
Mask, «., ngobodi, 2 ; from ngobodi,
nkambakani, i & 4.
something which inspires awe,
Medicinal bark and roots, to search
on account of its size.
for, collect, v., banga.
Mass (lump), «., mbumba, 4.
one who collects, n., mbangi, i & 4.
(great number), «., bidi, 6 ; ebidi, 8.
leaves, to collect, v., kaya.
huge, kiengele, 5 ; ngengele, 2 ;
one who collects, n., nkayi, i & 4.
huge mass of rock, a boulder.
Medicine, bundle of (fetish), n., ebu-
kiengele kia etadi (8) ; see also
nda, 8 ; see also mfula, App.
under nkingu, App.
Meditate, n., vimpita, lamba, di-
Massiveness, 71., silu, pi. 6.
knla.
Master (of his profession), n., nku-
Meek, be, v., lembalala.
nku, 2 ; i salu kia nkimku
person, n., nlembami, i & 4 ; nle-
kiki, this is the work of a
ka, 4.
master-hand.
Meet, go to, v., kamba; see also
Mat, circular, of the same make as
batidila, App.
the native baskets, 7z., etailda,8.
Meeting, n., lukutakanu, 10.
or be matted together, v.i., ttinga-
Melt down, v.t., zelomona.
lakana, tungalakiana.
(metals), v.t., zelola, zunza.
Matter (to talk about), «., lusangu,
v.i., zeloka, zunzuka.
10.
Member of the body, n., kikwa, 6.
most important, n., see under nku-
Memorial, n., lubanzilu, 10.
mbi & nkungula, App.
Memory, n., lubanzu, 10.
Mature, be, v.i., yeboka, kola.
something indelible from the mem-
Maturity (puberty), «., etuluka, 8.
ory, n., kienze, 5.
Mbadi cloth, twelve sheets of, n.,
Mend, v., see lusoka, App.
mbondo, 2.
Menstruate, vd., nokwa (a euphem-
Mean person, «., mbaba, 4.
ism).
I MENTION, v.t.^ tola (Bako.) ; zangata,
suma {with respect) ; ziotola
{not used of ox to one's betters).
unintentionally, v,t., sundakesa,
lutakesa.
item by item, v.t., tangumuna.
Mess (play with one's food), v., zeba.
Message, «., lutumu, lo.
Mf.ssenger, n., ntumwa, 2 ; nekwe-
nda, I {sini^.).
respected), mbaku, 4.
send a, v., sia e ntumwa.
Metal, a hard, bright, such as tin,
alloys of tin, n., kinzazi, 5.
Metamorphosis, n., ekitu, 8.
Metre, ;?.,ineta, 2.
Metric system, n., kimeta, 5 (Fr.
metre) ; see meta, lita, stere,
are, & mill-, senti-, desi-,
deka-, ekto-, kilo-, miria, &c.
Mica, tiny scales of, n., ekwa (8) dia
nzazi (2).
Midday, nlungu (4) a ntangwa (2),
elunga (8) dia ntangwa.
Middle (centre), ?i., ndunda, 2.
MiLLI- (metre, &c.) = yJ^o) l^lili-
(meta, &c.).
Mind (intellect), «., nyindu, 4.
(intelligence), n., diela, 7.
bear in, v.t., sungamena, sia oku
ntima (4).
have one's mind at rest, v., moyo
(4, U-) bwa or kuluka.
set, v.t., bwisa or kulula moyo
(3) or mbundu (2).
make up one's mind (decide), v.,
kubika, yambukwa ntima
(4).
make up one's mind to (earnestly), n.,
sia e etima (8) dia.
Minded, be strong, 7a, kuzolela.
Minute (point for discussion), «,,
ekono, 8.
Miserable, be, v., kafalala, ntima
(4 u-) kafalala, bobalala
(Bako.).
condition, «., lukendeleko, 10,
Misery, «., nkangu (4) a ntima (4).
Misfortune, «,, ndaza, 2 ; nlaza, 4
(Bako.).
( 771 )
Men-Mor
Miss the object, z/./., tikumuka.
very much, 7/., mona nzuwa (4)
or ntuka (4),
Missionary, «., ntumwa, 2.
Mist, «., mbunge, 4.
Mistake, ;/., vilwa, 12 ; mpilwa, 2 ;
mpilakeno, 2.
make a, v.t., tundangana, vilwa.
be put in by, v.t., kwendelela.
put, v.t., kwendelesa.
Misuse, v.t., pitakesa.
Mix up together (combirve), v.t., lu-
mba.
Mixed in with,, be, v.i., lumbana
muna.
Mixture^ n., nsangu, 4 ; see also
nswangu, 4,. App.
Moderate, be, v.i., tuna.
Moderation, n., tunu, 6 ; lutunu,
10.
exercise, v.i., tuna.
lose all, v.i., tununuka.
in, adv., e ngingu kole.
(self-control), n., volo, 6.
exercise, v., vololoka.
Mole (the animal), //., mbumbulu, 2.
Moment, at the very, adv., vana or
vovo fulu, vovo vau.
Money lent on interest, 7t., zuka, 6.
a piece of money, n., mpanza, 2 &
II.
Monster of a (of animals only), «.,
evwendengele dia— (8) ; see
also huge, App. ; a monster of a
pig, evwendengele dia ngulu.
Month, The following are the names
of the 13 "moons " in the year,
in Luangu:— r, Mbula-mazi ;
2, Mbula-mazi-mbii (plenty ot
fish this month) ; 3, Nkombe
difole ; 4, Mambunyi-mambu-
nyi; 5, Kufulu (budding); 6,
Minoka (small rains) ; 7, Nto-
mbo ; 8, Nuni-ntombo ; 9,
Mwanga-masangu ; 10, Mwa-
nda ; II, Ndolo ; 12, Mawala ;
13, Mbangala.
Moon, n., ngonda, 2 (Bako.).
More and more, to..., z/., tuntulula
{the object being the action),
MoR-Mus
( 772 )
More, continued.
nungunuka; see also vaza,
App. ; they loved him more
and more, batuntulwidi
kunzola; it became more and
more heavy, kinungunukini e
ezitu.
have, do, v.t., beta, sunda, suva,
luta ; he was stronger than his
companion, oyandi obetele o
nkwa andi e ngolo.
put, v.t., kundikila, kudikila.
than, adv., ke mu...ko.
Morning star, n., ntetembwa (2) a
nkielelo (2).
dn the morning, when it was morn-
ing, ad'y., oku leka mene-mene.
Morsel (bit), n., tente, 6.
(fragrant), nkesona, 2.
Mortal (causing death), rt:., -amfwila.
Mortar hollowed out in the side of
a log instead of at the end, 7t.,
su (6) kiandamba (Bako.).
Mortuary, n., ngamela, 2 (P.
camera).
Mother-in-law, n.
of wife, ngudi (2) a longo (10).
of husband, ko, 13.
Motherly love, n., ngemba a ngudi,
2 (Bako.) ; walakazi, 12.
Mould into some form, v.t., sema.
Moulding, a (projection), n., mungu-
mbuti, 3.
of pottery, the manner of, n., ngu-
mba, 2.
the operation of, luwumbilu, 10.
Mound, slight, raised by a certain
species of white ant, n., kimpa-
nda-ngongo, 5.
Moustache, n., esunia, 8.
Mouth of a bell, trumpet, funnel or
any enlargement at the end of
a cylinder, n., nsanza, 2.
Mouthful, n., nkanzika, 4.
Move (of fetus in utero), v.i., dukula.
slowly and heavily, v.i., kokomoka.
(stir), v.i., sonsola.
up and down (as grass, &c., when a
rat is making its way under it,
v., tunduka.
Much more, much less, see ozevo
weyi, App.
give, do, take, do too much, ■?/., sa-
kisa.
the habit of making much ado about
a slight ailment or accident, n.,
mfwidi-mfwidi (I am dead).
Muddy place, n., ntabala, 4.
Multiplier, n., fokwelwa, 6.
Multiply, v., fokola.
the number of times multiplied, '??.,
mfoko, 2 ; 6 times 20, mfoko 6
za20.
Multitude (great number),«.,wingi,
12 ; ebidi, 8 ; bidi, 6.
Murderous nature, 7t., umpondi, 12.
Mud-fish, n., ngola-maza, 2.
Murmur, v.t., vunguta; see also
mutter, App.
MUSACEA strelitzia (bot.), ft., zeke, 6 j
zieke, 6 ; see K.-Eng. App.
Muscular fellow, n., kingundu, 5 ;1
dingundu, 7. \
pad (as at the base of the thumb, on
the heel, &c.), n., mfunda, pi. 2.
Mushroom, ?t., see evamba, 8, App.
a cluster of a small white variety,
nzau, 2 ; sazi, 6 (Bako.).
Must, v. anx., kala ye ekami (8)
kamika ; see kamika, App. ;
I must go, ekami ngina diau
dia kwenda.
see also under kaka, mbula, fwa-
nukwa, mpandi, & lembwa,
App.
the narrative tense {or a form iden-
tical with it) may also be used
of future events; in such case
it is very emphatic — must, have
to ; when it is tised there can
be no question or hesitatio?ij
I must go, yakwenda ; 1 must
give it to him, yakumvana
kio ; you will have to drink it,
wanua tu kio ; I must run,
yalundumuka. The negative
must be formed by means of
the auxiliary verb, lembi, to
not... ; you must not sell it,
walembi kio teka.
( m )
MUT-NiC
Mute (grammatical), a, ku mfondti
{adv.).
Mutilation, «., luseoko, lo {pass.) ;
luseolo, lo {act.).
Mutter to one's self, v.i., vnngnita
(Bako.), yidima,lola, fundulu-
la.
Muttering, «., nyidimu, 4.
Myria- (metre, &c.) = multiply 10,000,
miria- (meta, &c.).
MvRRH, «., mor, 2 (Heb. mor).
Mvstery, «., mfundu, 2 ; kimpindi,
5 ; kimbinda, 5 (something
" locked up ").
the explanation of a mystery, n.,
diambu (7) dia kinsamuna.
long, a, a., -akinsamuna.
N.
Naked, a., -ankulungunzu.
in a naked state, adv., nkulungu-
nzu (4).
Nakedness, ;/., evene, 8 ; nkulungn-
nzu, 4.
Name (mention), v., tola (Bako.) ;
zangata, suma.
a price, v., sia e ntalu (2) or esu-
mbu (8).
after any one, give a family name?
v.t., luka.
family, ;/., nluku, 4.
(fix), 7/., sikinisa (Bako.), sikana.
named (by), a., -esika-sika (yo).
what are their names, nani yo nani
(///. who & who).
Narrowness, n., kimfinangani, 5.
Nation, n., see vula, 6 ; zula, 6, App.
Natural (as a human being), a.,
-awuntu, -akiwuntu.
(to a tree or plant), a., -a mumbene-
na (3).
Nature (inborn), 71., butukulu, 6
(Bako.) ; wutukilu, 6 ; wutu-
kilwa.
(normal state), n., minu, 6.
Navel, protruding, w., ekumba, 8.
Ndembo mystery, language of, n. ;
see kizengi, 5, App.
Near (aside), adv.^ knna mpenza (2).
very near, adv., e kimfini (5).
Nearly, very, fianzi^ nga ; the plate
was nearly broken, fianzi^ nga
elonga diwndikidi.
Nearness, «., kimfinangani, 5 ; ki-
mfini, 5.
Neatness, done without any attempt
at, a., -afwatiku-fwatiku.
Necessity, h., nkondwa, 2.
Neck, «., nsingu, 2 ; nkingn, 2
(Bako,).
Necklace, ft., nsanga, 4-
(of beads), n., dita, 6 ; diongo, 6t
Need of, be in great, v., mona nzn-
wa (4) or ntuka (4).
Needy, «., -ansukami (pi. asukami).
Neighbourhood, 71., mvivu, 4 'r zu-
nga, 6.
Nerve, nervous energy, «. ; see nko-
nzo, 2, App,
of a tooth, «,, nsnnungu, 2.
nerve in suffering, lack of, n.^ kia-
ngula, 5.
Nervous, be (impatient), v., kala ye
kiangula, 5.
Nervousness, «., kiangula, 5.
Nest of twigs, ;/., kialwa, 5.
Nettle, ft., vidi, 6 ; dinsiensia, 7.
Never (not for ever), adv.^ ke...ko
yakwele mvu.
Nevertheless, cofij.yQ kana nkutu,
nkaya-kaya.
New^«., -amona»
(strange), a., -ampimpita.
News, ft., kinsamu, 5.
(report), nsangu, 2 sing,
second-hand, ft., nsangU (2) za-
nkambwa.
concerning the sickness or death of
or some disaster which has be-
fallen a relative, ft., etamba, 8.
wonderful, ft., diambu (7) dia ki-
nsamuna, the explanation of
a mystery, something which was
never heard of before.
Next to, be, v.t., landakana.
Nibble, v., kela.
Nickname, ;/., nkumbu I2) anso-
kela.
'NiG-NUR
774 )
Night, in the middle of the, adv. ;
see -ediki, App.
be or sit up all night, x/., kielwa.
No, inter j.^ pe.
no little, no small, a., ke -andwelo.
Noble (exalted), be, kundalala, tu-
ndalala.
Noise (bustle, rush), n.^ ngungula-
ngungula, 2.
at an incantation, «., nsangu, 4.
clamour, n., lokoso, 10 ; biaula, pi.
5(Bako.).
expressive of wonder, «., ekumbu, 8.
a great noise, n. ; see eyokosa, 8,
App.
(loud), of some commotion, ndiki-
diki, 2.
made when the new moon appears
or at the birth of a child or
decision of a tribunal, lozi, 10.
make the above noise, 2/., ta lozi.
make a noise as of a free fight, v.,
dituka.
make a thundering, dudula, tutula.
of something moving, n.^ nsonsa, 4.
make such, 2/., sia nsonsa.
Noised abroad, be, v.i., kumba, yaya.
Nonsense, n., ungolokoso, 12 ; u-
ngongolokoso, 12 ; mavamba,
pl. 8.
Nor, conj., musungula, ngatu {with
the verb in the infinite affirma-
tive) ; I neither bought nor even
saw it, kisumbidi kio ko ngatu
moua kio.
North, n., note, 2, n. (P. norte).
Nose, swelling (hypergemic) of inside
of, «., nsute, 2.
Not, adv., ka...ko (Bako.) ; see also
under sa, App.
was or is. ..he (&c.) not; see biza
& mbote, App.
not a 'itw^ a., ke -andwelo.
when two negative sentences are
joined by as though, just as if,
as if, the second particle of ne-
gation appears 07ily once., ayid
that at the end of the combined
sentences; do not treat me as
if I were not your chief, ku-
Not, continued. \
mpangi diau adimosi ne ki
mfumu eno ko ; do not cairy
the box as if it were not heavy,
kunati e nkele ne banza vo
ke izita ko.
Note especially, 7/., ta.
take note of (mentally), v.t.., sil e
dimbu (6), tonekena.
Nothing, n., mpesa, 2 ; mpena, 2 ;
nkatu, 2 ; vela, 6.
bring to, v.t., vondesela.
come to, T/.z., kufwila.
for nothing, a., -angovo. i
(utterly wasted), adv., e ngofwiU.
Notice of, take no, (put up with), v.l.
vukula.
Notion, n., ntiti, 4.
Notwithstanding, conj., e kana
nkutu, nkaya-kaya.
conj., i muna wau nkutu... ndivo.
(in protesting), conj., watu.
Noun, «., nkumbu, 2.
Nourish (of food only), v.t., fikuna,
finuna.
Nourishment (that which food im-
parts), n., mfiku, 2.
Now see (what has become of it), see
now, conj. ; see kasi OWU, App.
indeed or at length, conj., wau i
bosi.
that, conj., wau kina vo or kinana
vo, wau kadi.
NsAFU kernel, n., mungizi, 3.
Nucleus, n., ezuku, 8.
Nudge (anyone, unobserved, to call
his attention), v., takula, via-
ngula.
Nuisance (danger and annoyance),
n., vangu, 6.
Nullify, v.t., bwangalakesa, pa-
Number, a great, 71., ebidi, 8 ; bidi,
6 ; ntuti, 4 ; see also e ke ye
kingi, App.
Numerous, a., -ankangu.
be, v., tuta, bwembena, besama.
Nursing sling, n., luayi, 10.
be borne on a, v., zembama muna
luayi (10).
(775 )
Nur-Omi
X7RSING, continued.
take out of or set down from a, ze-
lola.
XuT (for a bolt), «., kasn, 6.
o.
Oath, take an, ?/., bindumuka e
ndofi (2), bindumuka.
Ohedience, n., ngwilu, 2.
Obliged to, be, vd., fwanukwa ; see
also must, App.
Obscene, a., -ansafu.
Obscenity, «., nsafu, 4.
Obey, t/./., widikila (Bako.),wila(M^
object being the person^ not the
comma7id).
Object, the chief, «., etima, 8.
Obligation, n.., ekami, 8.
be under great, ^., bindakana.
Obligatory, be, v.i., kamama.
Obliged to do something, be, zole-
Iwa (be desired, required to);
because we had to give the
ntaku, e kuma twazolelo
vana e ntaku.
be or feel obliged to, 7/., kamika,
kala ye ekami (8), nwengwa ;
I am obliged to go, ngina ye
ekami dia kwenda, ndwe-
ngeno or nkamikini kwe-
nda.
be much, 7/., bindakana.
Oblong, see imder oval, App.
Observe, v., tadikila.
(carefully), tadidila.
Obstinacy, «., lufutu, 10 (Bako.),
nkumfu, 4 ; see also kinkani,
App.
(of children), sebe, 6.
(persistence), n.^ luzindalalu, 10.
which will only yield in the last ex-
treme, and perhaps not then,
n., findu, 6.
Obstinate heedlessness to advice
and warning, «., tibingi, 6.
(indifferent to all), -z/.z., kumvalala.
Obstinately, hold on (perseveringly),
v., zindalala.
Obstruct, v., kakidika.
(be an obstruction), kakalala.
Obstruction, «., kaku, 6.
freedom from all, n.^ nkoldmona, 2.
...in, place as an, kakidika...
muna.
Obtain further or beside, 7/./., bata-
kesa.
Occupation, pressing, //., vaki, 6.
(trade), «., nkono, 4-
Occur (happen), v., vaika.
to one, v., yima muna ntima ;
it occurred to him to see
whether the thing was there, di-
yimini muna ntima audi edi
dia tala vo e lekwa kikedi ko.
Ocean, «., muwu, 3 (pi. miuwu).
Odd number, n., ntula, 4 \ ntuka, 4.
a., -antula, -antuka, -answangani.
(of no particular use), <3., -ansuwa.
Odds and evens, the game of, n.^
mpweso, 4 ; see mpinzi, nsibi-
di, App. ; games, p. 493.
Odour, emit a delightful, 7/., tombana.
give out an, v., vumbana.
Of (such and such a town, class, &c.),
-akwa ; Nsafu of Kimbanda,
Nsafu akwa Kimbanda; the
chiefs of Ewombe, a mfumu
zakwa Ewombe.
{before a pers. pron.\ see -ina {pre-
ceded by a locative')^ App. ; see
also mwa, App.
Offence (something wrong or im-
proper), n.^ eyanga.
commit an, t/., bula e eyanga.
take, v., baka e efwema (8).
Offensive (stinking) condition, in a,
adv.^ e bokoto (pi. 6).
Offspring, n.^ wutwa, 6 ; nwutuki,
I &4.
Oh ! (of regret), inter j.^ ekwe.
Old & tough or useless, be, -z/./., kuva.
person, n.^ nenunu, 4.
(very), nkosa, 4.
Olive, also the tree, «., olive, 2 ; ze-
tona, 2 (P. azeitona ; Heb.
zethan).
Omission, «., evengwa, 8.
Omitted, see evengwa, App.
On-Own
( 776 )
On, see also mwa, App.
Once for all, adv.^ i...aka or kaka,
with the emph, de?n. pron. j
^z/y^kiamakuluwz//^ the applied
form J I tell you once for all,
i nsamwina aka yiyi isa-
mwini or ivovesele wo kia-
makulu.
at once, adv.^ i mil ; also expressed
by the reduplicated verb.
to have been once, but not now, •z/.,
see -adi, V. defective, App.
One above the other, «., -ankundaki-
ani, -ankundieka, -ambandi-
eka.
adv., e nkundakiani, e mbandieka,
e nkundieka.
after the other, «., -andandani.
adv., e ndandani.
Only, conj., nloiigo(=mpasi, p. 354).
a., -ampivi.
child, «., kialati, 5.
Onyx, «., onis, 2.
Open, a., -a mwasi (3), pi. -a miasi.
(in an open state), adv., mwasi.
(the mouth), v., yasuna.
wide (a door), bengomona.
Opinion, edi or e diambu (7) -ina
diau ; this is my opinion, i
diau didi ngina diau; what
is his opinion ? nkia diambu
kena diau ? our opinion is
different, edi tuna diau diaka-
ka.
(judgment of the mind), ;/., nzengo, 2 .
Opinionated, be very, v., bamba.
Opportunity, give an, v., vana or
sila e uzila (2).
have an, v., baka e ntangwa (2)
vwa e nzila (2).
Oppose, v.t., see palana, App.
the wishes of (another), v., sia e
kintanta (5).
Opposite, be, v.i., singalakana, ta-
lana.
Opposition, place in, v.t., kakidila.
OppREss,2/./.,futuna(Bako.),funtuna.
Or, or else, conj., ke mpela ko.
Orange tree, n., nlalanza, 4 (P. la-
ranja).
Orator, n., ngw^lele-ngw^nze, 2.
Orchid (van?) n., mwenzi (3)
amputu.
Order to go, v.t., tuma.
(command), n., nkanikinu, 4.
v., kanikina. I
(give instructions to), yika. I
of rank ^?' precedence, n., ndandaiii,
2.
done without any attempt at order,
a., -afwatiku-fwatiku.
Ordinances (regulations), n., mina,
pi. 3 ; siwa, 6.
Ordinary, a., kibeni ; ordinary dress,
mpwata kibeni.
Ore, hard piece of iron, which pre-
sents the appearance of furnace
slag, n., ekongwankela, 8.
Origin, n., see ezuku, 8, App.
(cause), n., ntondo, 2.
Originate, v.t., solomona, selomona,
semona.
Ornament, n., nkembo, 2.
Ornamental, a., -ankeko.
Ostentatious, be provokingly, v.t.,
ta kimpadi (5, Bako.) ; ta e
mpadi (2).
Other, a., -ankaka (Bako.).
Otherwise, conj., ke mpela ko;
come at once otherwise it will
be too late, wizidila, ke mpela
ko e ntangwa isaka.
Otter, as large as a water rat, white
belly, flat tail, n., lungola-ngo-
la, 10.
Ought, see nga, App.
Oval, an, n., nswatata, 4.
be, v., swatumuka, sungumuka.
make, v., sungumuna, swatu-
muna.
Overhaul, v.t., satulula, sandulula.
Overreach, v.t., sunda, sundidila,
luta, lutidila.
Overshadow, v.t., yitalela.
Overwhelmed, be, vd., finangeswa.
Own, of one's, a., -akuvwila ; he has
a knife of his own, wina ye
mbele akuvwila.
Owner, n., vwa, i ; the owner of the
house, vwa-nzo.
( m )
Pac-Pat
Part, continued.
P.
(allotted), w., kwa, 6.
(integral), n., see kikwa, 6, App.
(slice), «., sele, 6.
Pacify, t/./., wondeleka.
Partake of (eat), t/./., dia.
I^vCK closely, 7/./., bandila.
(have a share in), kala e ntwadi
I'ADDiNCx, «., mfwadu, 4 (l"- fardo).
(2) muna.
P.EDOBAPTisT, «., mundemba-wana,
(take or receive a portion), bonga or
3 ; see lemba mwana, App.
tambula e kunku (6).
Page, where a passage may be found,
Partial, be (in judgment), 7a, kusia
n., ezikila, 8 ; evika, 8.
vana esambu dimosi.
Pain (terrible), «., mviangalu (4) a
Partisan, «., kamba, 6.
ntima (4), tema (6) kia mpasi.
Partition, «., yaka (6) kiansungi,
I'AINED in the heart, be, -z/., tiukwa
ngumbu, 2.
ntima (4).
Partner, «., mbale, 2.
J'AiNS, take, 7/., songola.
Partnership of women, n., kindu-
I'AIR (of animals or birds which
mbi, 5 ; kindumbizi, 5.
mate), n., kialwa, 5.
in, adv., e kindumbi, e kindu-
Palaver-place, in a town, n., eboko,
mbizi.
8 ; ntanda-ndembo, 4 ; mba-
enter into, vanga e kindumbi, &c.
zi (2) a ekongo.
in trapping only, n., bunda, 6.
Pale, become, v.i., seboka, pukuka.
enter into, v., leka e bunda.
Paleness, 7i., seswa, 6.
Pass, allow to, v., sila e nzila (2).
Palm, fruit of mpusu, etombe, & date
by or round something (carefully
palm, «., nkulu, 2.
avoiding it through fear, re-
midrib of leaf, n.^ keke, 6.
spect or disgust), v.i., kengo-
of leaflet, «., siensiele, 6 ; lusie-
loka.
nsiele, 1 1 & 2 ; lusiensie, 1 1
over (an obstacle) <?r across (a space),
&2.
v., sumbuka.
large, of Raphia vinifera, ebanga, 8.
over a wrong or breach of disci-
oil, «., nzeta, 2 (P. azeite ; see ze-
pline until it should be again
tona, App.).
repeated ; see zinga e ebu (8),
wine, old & sour, «., dikaya, 7.
App.
wine, which is not more than 12
through safely or unhurt or without
hours old, malavu (pi. 8) ma-
being interfered with, 7/., ku-
nswa.
womba {reji.).
Pant, v.L, lakala, sakasa.
Passage money, n., nzambu, 2.
Paragraph, n., ekono, 8.
pay, 2/., zamba.
Parallax, n., zumbulu, 6.
a clear passage (a long, open road-
Parallel, be, singamena kumosi.
way), «., mumpumpu, 3.
of latitude, «., nkambiku, 2.
Passes, make, v. ; see mika, App.
of longitude, ntongeka, 2.
Passion, n., eketo, 8.
Parallelogram, n., ba, 6.
(emotion), «., vengenene, 6 (sing.
Paralyse, v.t., vola.
only).
Paralysis, «., evola, 8.
overmastering, n., efwenka, 8.
Paralytic, «., mbevo (2) a evola.
Passover, n., nduta, 2.
Paramour, «., nkembi, 4; mwa-
Past, the remote, «., kavengelele, 9 ;
mbizi, 3 (Mbamba).
ngodia-ngodia, 2.
Parchment, ;/., ngungu, 2.
Pasturage, «., madilu, pi. 8.
Part, «., bela, 6.
Pat playfully, v.t., wanda ntayi (4).
Pat-Per
( 778)
Patch of cultivated ground, small, v.,
lua, 6.
Path, n., nzia-zia, 4.
a direct path, nzila (2) -abatu-
abatn.
Patience, n., nlekoko (4) or nku-
luku (4) a ntima (4) or moyo
(3).
in suffering, lack of, n., kiangula, 5.
(perseverance), «., luzindalalu, 10.
Patient (long suffering), be, v., la-
ndula, lazula.
plodding disposition, ntima (4)
-azizi.
Patriarch, ??., nkulu, i.
Pattern, «., pwa-meso, 6 ; mba-
ndu, 2.
(design, figure), n., kimpa, 5 ; pa, 6.
(gauge), n., nonga-nonga, 6.
(make), n., kanda, 12.
(style), «., mpwa, 2.
Pause, v., kuma, kindama.
ft., nkuminu, 2.
Paw, «., buba, 6.
Pay of a blacksmith or doctor, n.,
kwezi, 6,
a passing visit ^r call, v., vitamena.
for a service or a ferry or passage
money, 7/., zamba.
n., nzambu, 2.
Payment, n., efuta, 8 ; nsendo, 4.
(the manner of paying), mfuta, 2.
Peace, n., ungudi, 12 {see K.-Eng.
App.).
make peace again, vutula ungudi.
make, v.t., sia e ngemba (pi. 2) ; sia
ungudi; see also nwika
nsangalavwa (4), App. (nsa-).
of mind, n., fiauzi, 12 ; nkuluku or
nlekoko a moyo (3).
(safety), n., luvuvamu, 10.
sue for, n., lomba luve (10).
Peak (of mountain), n., lusangidika,
10.
Pearl, n., perle, 2.
Pedigree, n., mvila, 2.
Peep out of a hole or door, just the
head appearing, v.l, lumbalala.
Peer (into, over, under, &c.), vJ.,
dionga.
Peg upon which to hang things, «.,
nketekwa, 2.
Penal, a., see -ansi a nkuwu (2), App.
Pendulous, be (of the breast), vd.,
bokola.
People, great number of, n. ; see ze-
lele, 6, App.
Perdition, «., lufwasu, 10.
Perfect, bring to perfection {of plans,
studies, hopes, &c.), vJ., zikula.
make, kunkula.
be (complete), v.i., vangama, ku-
nkuka.
(in prime), zikuka.
(in idiom or style), a., -akosi.
Perfection, n., eziku, 8 ; see zikuka,
App.
be at, v.u, zikuka, kunkuka.
bring to, see perfect.
Perforated in many places a.,
-azoko-zoko.
Perfume, something emitting a, v.,
dinsunga-nsunga, 7-
Perhaps, ?<fi-^<^ verbally, to... perhaps,
nanga...ye (&c.) ; I may buy it
perhaps to-morrow, ndanga kio
sumba yo mbazi ; he was per-
haps right, onanga lunga.
possible to be, v., nanga kala vo,
generally impersoftal, dinanga
kala vo ; it is perhaps possible
that, also dinanga lungana vo.
perhaps it may be that, if perhaps,
conj. ; see unkwa, unkwa kala
vo, & (kala) own diakalanga,
ke vete ko, App.
Peril, n., lenga, pi. 6 ; vonza, 6 ;
vangu, 6 ; sumbu, 6 (Bako.).
be in, v., mona e vonza, &:c., su-
mbuka (Bako.).
Perilous, a., -ambengo-mbengo,
-avangu, -alenga, -avonza.
Period (epoch), n., sungi, 6.
Perish, v.i., kufwila.
Peritoneum, n., luvungu, 10.
Perjure one's self, v., fumba e ndofi
(2).
Permanent, be, v.i., zingila.
Permission, v., ngyambu, 2 ; kia-
mbu, 5.
( 779 )
'er-Pla
Permission, continued.
Perversitv, «., lufutu, 10 (Bako.) ;
give, 7A, vana o lukaya lua kanga
nkumfu, 4.
wiki.
Perveri, 7'./., biondomona, bendo-
P
•RpLEX, v., kindakesa, finangesa,
mona.
yitakesa.
Pester, 7/./., lakama.
P
•:rplexed, be, v.i., kindakana,
Petition, «., mvingu, 4.
finangeswa, yitakiana.
also the thing asked for, ndomba,
P
■:rsecute, 7/./., futuna (Bako.), fu-
2.
ntnna, banganisa.
Philosopher, «., ndongoti, 2.
P
■:rsecuted, 7/./., be, futuka (Bako ),
Phylactery, n., nkinda, 2.
funtuka, bangama.
Pick out (select), v., ta, dimbuna.
Persecutor, n., ntantabadi, 2 ; su-
out (maize), 7/., bwenia.
ngubadi, 6.
Piece of cloth of double or extra
Perseverance, n., fululu, 6 ; luzi-
length, see su, App.
ndalalu, 10 ; swiswi, 6 ; su-
(bit, small), «., nkesona, 2 ; vasina,
ngididi, 6.
6 ; tente, 6.
(continuance), w., kwaminini, 6.
(slice), sele, 6 ; lumemo, 10.
Persevere,?/./., zindalala, dokalala,
entire, baya, 6 ; it was of one piece
sungama, finizieka, sia e ntala
throughout, baya kimosi kiau
(2) or fulula (6), zitalala, va-
ekulu.
namiana, vampamiana.
(entire, of cloth, braid, &c.), w..
Persevering in, be, finizieka, zinda-
mfofeka, 4.
lela, dokalela, sungamena;
(part), w., bela, 6 ; ebembele, 8.
we will persevere in our work,
Pieces, in or to, adv., e bela-bela ;
tufinizieka e salu kieto.
it is torn to pieces, kibakilu e
Persist, v.^ sia e ntala (2), dokalala.
bela-bela.
foolishly in a request, folokosa.
Pierce (into), v.i., sumama (muna).
in, vd., kwamanana.
with, 7/./., sumika, someka.
in following, ?/./., landidila, lakama.
Pigeon (green), ;/., nkutuluzia, 2 ;
in (a statement or idea), 7/., selo-
ntunguluzia, 2.
moka.
Pile, in one place, 7/./., fitika.
Persistence, n., ntala, pi. 2 ; luzi-
on, 7/., kundakesa.
ndalalu, 10.
Pillar of cloud, «., etuti (8) dia ki-
Persistent, be, 2/., see persevere.
ntungila (5), kintungila, 5.
in one's own opinion, to be very, v.i.^
Pillow, n., lukuba, 11 & 2.
bamba.
(carved wooden), «., nkindi, 4
Person, n., mbana, i (pi. ambana).
(Bako.).
young person whose name you for-
to sit on, n., mfwadu, 4 (P- fardo).
get or do not wish others to
Pinafore, «., lenga, 6.
hear, n.^ netoko, i.
Pipe (tube), n., mvuvu, 4.
Perspiration, ;z., ndukutila, 2.
Pitch, highest or lowest, ;/., see zengo,
Persuade, try ineffectually to, v.t.^
6, App.
kuza.
(slope) of a roof, &c., n., nknnka, 4-
Persuaded, be, v., kwikidisa.
Pitiableness, n., lukendeleko, 10.
Persuasive, a., -anlebo.
Place, v.t., knma, sikidika.
Persuasiveness, n., nlebo, 4-
apart, separate, n., beko, 6.
Pertinacity, n.y see kinkani, App.
in a separate, vabeko.
Pervade, v.i.^ see zala, App.
before, 7/./., tumbika.
Perversion (act), «., lubiondomono,
by the roadside where food is of-
10 ; lubendomono, 10.
fered for sale, n., lalu, 6.
Pla-Pok
( 780)
Place, continued.
the end or point against (some-
thing), -t/./., tutika.
good, ^., kiudi, 5 (Bako.).
a heavy weight upon, v.t.^ nieteka.
in full view, v.t.^ senzeka.
in a town where a daily market is
held, n., ehoko, 8.
a level, n.^ nlela-nlela, 4.
(seat), n., fongo, 6.
sleeping-, n., leko, 6.
take, v.i.^ see vinga, App.
(things) in a handy position, where
any one can easily get them,
v.t., bembeka.
together, v.t., fitika.
where anything or anyone is to be
surely found, n.^ ezikila, 8 ; evi-
ka, 8 ; I know where he always
is, nzeye dio evika diandi.
where highway robbery was com-
mitted, fumbi, 6.
places, in various (but not all), adv.^
i nko i nko.
Plain, «., nlela-nlela, 4.
alluvial, ebwila, 8.
(clear), be, z/./., kia.
make, v.t., kiesa.
Plait loosely, v.t.^ laba.
Plant, aromatic, n.^ ndumbn, 2.
a cane-like plant used in native
medicine, 11. ; see nsangalavwa,
4, App.
epiphytic growing on the nsafu tree,
n.^ nkunda-nkunda, 2.
non - fruit - bearing on account of
sterility or sex, ;z., nlomba, 4.
(planted), n., nkuna, 2, n.
self-sown, ?z., ekunda, 8.
a single, «., zo, 6.
(seedlings for transplanting), «.,
mpuza, 2, sing. only.
Plantain, the last hand on a bunch,
«., zangama, 6.
Plantain eater, the blue, n.^ ntoyo,
2 ; mnndanda, 3.
Plantation prepared, but not yet
planted, «., nsaya, 2.
Plate (slab or sheet), //., baya, 6 (P.
taboa).
Plateau, long stretch of, «., ekombe,
8.
Platen, of a press, «., koni, 6.
Plaything, «., see sakesa, 6, App.
Please, if you, do, dodokolo di- (aku,
&c.).
Pleasure, w., ekombo, 8 ; ewete
{generally used ifi the plural
mawete), 8.
Plentiful, a., -avomo.
be, ^.z.,bwembwena, besama,tuta.
Plenty, «., vomo, 6.
Plod on, z/./., zindalala, dokalala,
sia e fululu (6) or sungididi
(6).
Plodding, patient disposition, «.,
ntima (4) azizi.
Plot, n., ekani, 8.
against, ?7., sia e ekani.
against one another, 7/., kanana.
of ground, «., efwe, 8.
Pluck, ;?., nkabu, 2 ; unkabn, 12.
close ofif by the stalk, v.t.., ko-
ngona.
(large fruit), v.t.^ konga.
(small things), kongona, zonzona,
zotona.
Plumed tuft, «., yondo, 6 ; bondo, 6.
Plunge the head into water, v.t.^ bo-
teka.
Plural, in the, adv., e nknndikwa
(2).
Plush, n., mbumbnlu, 2.
Point to anything, cut a, v.t., sonsona.
farthest, n., nsilu, 4.
(headland), n., nkonko, 2 (So-
longo) ; ekunkwa, 8.
(highest), «., lusangidika, 10.
of importance, arrive at, v., zikula.
most important point ; see under
nkumbi & nkunguln, App.
(item) in a discussion, «., ekono, 8.
out specially, v.t., zikinisa.
(of punctuation), «., ekuminu, 8.
Pointed, be, v.i., sonsoka.
Poison of a snake, &c., n., manga, 4.
for fish, n., bumi, 12 (Bako.).
Poke out (protrude), v.i., zonzomoka.
with the end of something long, v.^
tnkika, tutika.
( 78i )
Pol-Pre
I
Pole, n., ezita, 8 ; see K.-Eng. App.
north pole, ezita dia note,
south pole, ezita dia sud.
Policeman, «., nkawu, 2.
Pollute, v., safula.
Pollution, ;/., nsafu, 4 ; esafu, 8.
Polypus, n., mbadi, 2.
Pool left by the fall of a river, «.,
zanga, 8 (Bako.) ; zinga, 6 ; ezi-
ya, 8.
Poor, «., -a nsnkami (pi. asukami),
-amputu.
(commiserating), see also under
mbadi, nkenda, podi, App.
Port, n., esenselo, 8.
Portion (allotted), ;/., kwa, 6.
(birthright), «., efwafwa, 8.
(integral), 7i., kikwa, 6.
(share), n., ekau, 8.
see also under part.
Position (definite place or post), n.^
esiku, 8,
Possess, v., wa (Bako.).
in common, v.^ lendana.
Possessions, n., lusalu, 10.
in slaves, kuta, 6.
all one's, «., salangani, pi. 6 ; sa-
langanu, pi. 6.
Possible, be, v.u, lendakana.
Post to serve as a buttress, n.^ nsi-
kulwa, 2 (Bako.); mwekwa,3.
(position), «., esiku, 8.
main posts of house, «., nkubilwa, 4.
Postpone, v.t., vengekela.
the day, v., lambula e lumbu (6).
Pot, «., bungwa, 6.
cooking pot (large, of mottled ware),
«., luwandu, 10.
Pot-hole, ;z., wompodia, 6 ; kompo-
dia, 6.
Pottery, which is very frail, «., be-
lengenze, 6.
Pounce upon, v.t., bwidiia (Bako.),
yimba.
Pound at the same time in one mor-
tar (of two or more people), v.t.^
bandana.
Pour down, t/.z., voloma.
forth, ?7./,, bungula.
(gush) forth, z/.z., fwamfumuka.
Pour, continued.
out (decant), ?/./., longolola.
out (of much only), 7/./., vongoka.
V /., vongola.
Poveri Y, ;/., umputu, 1 2.
Power (physical), «., nkuma, 4.
(potential), mfunka, 4.
(active), mfunka, 2.
to command, «., olodi(P. ordem), 2.
Powerful (man or nation), «., -a-
nkavi.
man, n.^ nkavi, 2.
Practice of, make a, 7/., tatila.
Praise, n., lusanisu, 2 ; lusanisinu,
10 ; lukembeso, 10 ; lusense-
meko, 10.
z'./., sensemeka.
(thanks), n., ntondo, 4.
Praised, be by all, z/.z'., saniswa.
Preach, v., teleka.
Preacher, «., nteleki, i & 4.
Preaching, n., nteleko, 4 ; nteleka, 2.
Precious thing, very, «., lengezia, 6.
Precipice (having sides slightly slop-
ing, n., lunenge-nenge, 10.
edge, of lunengananu, 10.
Precipitancy, «., nzalala, 4.
Preface (to a book), «., baka, 6.
Pregnancy, to be far advanced in,
7/., e vumu (6) kianunguka.
Pregnant, be, become, v.i., vidika,
kokama.
by, vidikwa kwa.
Prejudiced, be, v., kuzengela.
Premature, be, v.i., ke yeboka. ko.
Prepare (arrange), v., kumpa, lu-
dika.
for the reception of a guest, kubi-
kila zitu (12).
(make) quickly, -z^., vangizieka.
Prepared, be, t/.z., lulama.
(made) quickly, z/.z., vangaziana.
Preposition, n., va-ku-mu, 14.
Present, v.t., bemba.
«., kibwanga, 5.
made for purpose of insulting, «.,
mpadi, 2.
to give such, v., sia e mpadi.
(for service rendered), give a, v.
zamba.
Pre-Pro
( 782 )
Presently, adv.^ oku se ntn.
Preserve from danger, v.t., kankana.
safely through danger, wombesa.
Press (compress), -t/., koneka.
n., eniemo, 8.
for printing, «., kwezi, 6.
for squeezing, /?., kaminwa, 6.
(urge) ineffectually, v.t.^ kuza.
under heavy weight, ■z/./., nieteka.
Pressed thus, be, v.i.^ nietama.
Pressure (dynamic or moral), ??.,
koni, 6.
of business, nzieta, 4 ; nziezie, 4.
Presumption (the idea that one can
do anything that he sees an-
other do), ;?.,nyenge-nyeiige, 4.
Pretence of, make, ^., sia e ezu (8)
dia.
Pretend, v., kuvunginika, kuvuki-
ka, kukita irefi.).
Pretender, n., kuvunina, i.
Pretentiousness, ?z., knvaka, 9 ;
kumvalala, 9.
Pretext, n., lumpeso, 10.
Prevaricate, t/./., kwenkona.
Prevent, 7/./., kutula; he prevented
my going, unkutwidi kwe-
nda yadi kwenda.
(by standing in front to stop any
one) from going somewhere, ?/.,
kesela.
Prevented, be (by something), v.l,
takama (muna), bambamena
(muna).
Previous to, adv., e nkete preceding
the predicate; previous to sit-
ting down, tie the goat, e nkete
wafonga, okanga e nkombo.
Previously, adv., see also ekulu, p.
268.
Price agreed upon, contract price n.,
nzengo, 2.
bargain over the price of, v., ta or
vuna e esumbu (8),
at any or a high, v., kula.
buying, n., esumbu, 8,
name, v., sia e esumbu.
be of a high, v., bangala.
raise excessively, bangidika e nta-
lu (2).
Price, continued.
at an absurdly low price, adv.,
mfiku (4).
buy thus, v., sumba mfiku.
have a thing sold to one thus,
tekelwa mfiku.
Pride, n., mvwania, 2.
intoxication with, n., lungumvi-
ugumvi, 10.
Prime of life, n., zikuka, 9 ; eziku,
8.
be in, «., zikuka.
Print, v.t., kweza, kwezeka.
(something printed), n., kwezo, 6.
Printer, n., nkwezi, i & 4.
Prison, n., pelezo, 2 (P. prisao or
prezo).
Private, a., -abeko.
in (aside), adv., e kineenga (5), e
mpenga (2), kuna beko (6).
Privately, adv., kuna kinsweki (5),
kuna beko (6).
Proclaim, v.t., teleka.
Proclamation, n., nteleko, 4 ; nte-
leka, 2.
Procrastinate, v.t., sia e lele (6).
Procurable, be, v., bongakana ("get-
able "), bakakana (" catch-
able"), sumbakana (" purchase-
able ").
(of medicinal herbs only), banga-
kana.
(leaves only), kayakana.
Prodigality, n., nlungu-lungu, 4.
Profane, v.t., zengeneka.
a., -anzengenga.
Profanity, n., nzengenga, 2.
Profession (boast), n., lusanu, 10.
(trade), n., nkono, 4.
Professional man, n., mfuzi, 2.
Proficient, be thoroughly, v.i., lu-
mbuluka, kunkuka.
Profit (advantage), n., luwete, 10.
(in loaning or investments), ?/.,
mazuka, 8, pi. only,
(in trade), n., ndandu, 2 ; ebunda-
vumu, 8.
Prognathous, a.^ -aduka.
Prohibition, n., nkandu, 2 ; nka-
ndikilwa, 2.
IROMiNENT, be, v.i., lundalala, tn-
ndalala, zundalala.
make, v.t., lundidika, &c.
ROMISE (of good or bad), «., nka-
nikinu, 4-
Promiser, one who has made a pro-
mise, «., masila, pi. 8.
Promontory, n., nkonko, 2 (Solo-
ngo) ; ekunkwa, 8.
Pronoun, «., nkumbi, 2.
Pronounce, v., fokola.
Pronunciation, n., mfoko, 2.
manner of, mfokola, 2.
Proof, »., ntonto, 2 ; ntonta (prov-
^m ing), 2.
^H circumstantial, «., ntunguluzi, 2.
^H clear & unmistakeable, mona-meso
■
^^L prove to be true, v., ludika.
^^pROFER, be, v.i., songa.
^» (correct), a., -avimpila, -akosi.
make, or of proper length, by cut-
ting off a piece, •z/., kumpika,
kumpa.
(right), <2., -ansongi.
Property, «., lusalu, 10.
in slaves, «., kuta, 6J
all one's, «., salangani, pi. 6 ; sala-
nganu, pi. 6.
Prophesy, v.t., sakula.
Propitiate a fetish for breaking
some restriction, v.t.^ see fulula,
App.
Propitiation (means of), «., lembe-
ka, 6.
Propriety (correctness of manner),
n., kosi, 6.
(rectitude), n., nsongi, 2.
Proscribed, «., see -ansi a nkuwu
(2) App.
Prosper, v.i., vangama.
Prostitute, «., mputa, 2 (P. puta).
Protect, v., kankana.
Protection of, to assume the, v.,
konkolola.
Protector, «., kangi, 6.
Protrude, v.L, lundalala, tundala-
la, zundalala, duka.
(of a point), z/.z., zonzomoka.
(of the eyes only), lanzuka.
( 783 )
Pro-Pur
Protruded, be, from a hole or
spathe, v.i., longomoka, see
K.-Eng. App.
Protruding, a., -alundalala.
(of the ears), a., -apakalala.
Protuberant, be (of forehead, lips,
&c.), z/., bumvalala.
PiiouD & reserved, be, 7/./., fumana,
fumina, tintila.
Proudly, walk or go, z/., kwenda e
vunia-vunia (pi. 6).
Prove (demonstrate), z/., sia e yeleka
(pl. 5).
Provide for one's self, 7a, kuvkvila
{reji:).
(furnish), n., vambula.
to, vambwila.
Provocation (active), n., luseko, 10.
Provoke, v.t., tutisa e ekudi (8).
Provoked much, be, -z/.z'., ntima (4,
u-) or moyo (3, U-) kangama,
kangamwa ntima <7rmoyo.
Prying disposition, «., untongolozi,
12.
Psalm, the book of Psalms, «., Sa-
mbu, 6.
Puberty, n., etuluka, 8.
Public property, to be used by any
one, a., -evwanga.
Publicity, «., mpenza, 2 ; evwangi,
8 ; mvenene, 4.
Publicly, adv., e or ku (&c.) mpe-
nza ; see also ova etenda, App.
Publish widely, v.t., sanzanisa.
Pucker, v.t., kutidika.
v.i., kutalala.
Pull down, from a high position (per-
sons only), v.t., kunkula.
out (something which has stuck in),
z/./., sumuna.
Pulp, crush into, v.t., nianzuna,
niasuna.
Pump, n., mpola, 2.
Pumpkin, a small variety of, «., nsu*
dia, 2.
Pupil, «., nlongoki, i & 4.
of eye, «., ngengele, 2 (Bako.).
Pure (genuine), «., see under ya,
App.
Purple (the colour), ?/., mpilu, 2.
'UR-QUI
( 784 )
Purpose (determination), n., ekani, 8.
Put, continued.
(raison d'etre), «., evangu, 8 ; mfu-
the legs, v., fila malu (pi. 9).
nu, 4-
together, v.t., fitika, tota.
(reason), «., ebandu, 8 ; bila, 6 ;
(of many parts), v.t.^ tudika.
eyandu, 8 ; elonda, 8.
in good order, v.t., lumpika.
for what purpose, e elonda, e eya-
be, v.i., lumpama.
ndu, e ebandu.
without any attempt at arrange-
some great thing given or done for
ment or order, 7/., fwatika-
a purpose, n.^ mpongo, 2 ; see
fwatika.
K.-Eng. App.
up with (an inconvenience, &c.), v.t.^
Purposeless (for nothing), a., -ango-
vukula.
fwila.
upon a man's shoulder (the load he
Purslain, ??., madia (pi. 9) ma ngu-
IS to carry), v.t.^ Iwlkila.
lu.
Putrid, something, n.^ wolezia, 6.
Push on (of things in motion), v.t.^
Puzzled at, be, v., yitakiana, ki-
vitumuna.
ndakana, finangana.
on well with, 7/./., totola.
Put aside, to keep, v.t., velekela.
something, «., velekela, 6.
Q-
aside, out of the way (of something
which one has), v.t., vengeka.
(of something which comes in one's
Quake, 7/., dedema.
way or is apart from one), v.t.^
an earthquake, «., ludedemo lua
vengomona.
ntoto (4).
back again (the earth into a hole).
Quaking, «., ludedemo, 10.
vJ., langa.
Qualify {gram>i, v., yikula.
be, v.t.^ langama.
Quantity, a great, n., ebidi, 8 ; bidi,
down (of many things only), v.t.^
6 ; vomo, 6 ; see ndibwa, 2,
vindakesa.
App.
(ofsomethinggreat),7/./.,bubidika.
Quarrelsomeness (great), n., uwu-
further apart, v.t.^ tavula.
ya, 12.
in a position, 7/., sikidika.
Queen (in cards), n., mputa, 2 (P.
in a handy position, 2/., bembeka.
puta, harlot).
in a prominent position, v.t.^ se-
Question, beyond all, see also lay a,
nzeka.
App.
into (the fire), v., fumpa.
Quick in making or preparing, be, v.,
off the day, v., lambula e lumbu
vangamiana (ye); be quick
(6).
with your work, vangamiana
on the top, -z/., bandika.
ye salu kiaku.
out (extinguish), 7/., patika.
temper, ntima (4) a kimfi kia nso-
out strength or energy, v., sia e
mvi ; see K.-Eng. App. (nso-
mfunka (2).
mvi).
with violence (of living creatures
Quickly, adv., e ntinu yo nswalu,
only), 7/.A, lulumuna, lundu-
kipalu.
muna.
do or prepare, v., vangizieka (ye),
plenty, v.t., tudidika.
wala, wala-wala.
in plenty, be, ■z/.z., tulalala.
do, go, &c., v., vika {aux. v). ; see
have plenty put down to or on
soon, Eng.-K. ; also vika, App.
one, tulalala ye.
go out, 7/., vayizieka.
(of some part of body), v.t.^ fila.
work, vJ., salamiana.
IUICKLY, continued.
to do a thing quickly is also ex-
pressed by a reduplication of
the verb. Cut it quickly !
zenga-zenga kio !
UICKNESS (in acquirement), zadi-
zadi, 6.
Quiet, be (still), 7'./., kindama, ni-
ngama, dingama.
down, vJ., lembelela.
7'./., lembalala.
( 785 )
Qui-Rea
R.
Race (breed). ;/., kuna, 12.
(descendants of one parent stock),
«., nzimbakani, 2, ;/. ; the
whole human race, nzimbaka-
ni a wuntu.
Rage, ;/., kiezi, 5 ; nkenene, pi. 2 ;
nlula, 4 ; ntema, 2 ; efuluta, 8.
in a, adv., nlula.
Rags, in rags & tatters, -anlanzi-
nlanzi.
Raid for slaves, 7/./., bnnda.
Raider, «., mfiinia, 2.
Railroad, «.,nzila (2) a tadi (12).
Rain, fine, «., mamwanga-mwanga,
pl. 7 (Bako.) ; manyanga-nya-
nga, pl. 7 (Bako.) ; mfwefo, 4
(Bako.).
to be constantly threatening to rain
& again clearing up a little, v.i.
[ezuln (8, di-) or kuma (9, ku-)]
yinda.
very heavy, /?., mvumbi, 4.
Raining, cease, ?/./., kauka.
Raise a price excessively, ?/., bangi-
dika e ntalu (2).
the voice, v., bakula or zangula
or siamisa e ndinga (2).
up upon some support, 7/., kundi-
kila.
Ram (things into something), v.f., ko-
mangesa.
tightly, 7A, diatidila.
Range (of a throw), //., sunsa, 6.
of a weapon, ntunta, 2 ; ntwala, 2.
Range, continued.
long range (in guns), <z., -antunta,
-antwala.
Rank, //., esiku, 8.
Rap (knock), 7/., tota.
Rare, a., -ampava.
Rarkiy, adv., tutu (6) kiatunda-
ngani.
Rascal, ;/., baza, 6 ; tuzu, 6 ; tS-
ma, 6.
unscrupulous, «., ntwanga, 2.
Rascality, //., untwanga, 12.
Rashly, adv., e nswalala.
do, v., swatakesa.
Rashness, n., nswatakani, 2 ;nswa-
takesa, 2.
Rat hunting, //., esaku, 8.
Rather, adv., vezi.
(instead), see also kaka ^S: mpasi,
App.
than, adv., ke mu...ko.
Ravage, v., fwantakesa.
Ravine, ;/., mvonzi, 4.
Raw, without previously cooking, adv.,
e nse (2), e mbisu (2).
condition, yisu, 6 ; nse, 2.
Read & write, know how to, v., via
masona (pl. 8).
over i?;' from a list, v.t., tangumuna.
Readiness, //., lululamu, 10 ; luku-
bamu, 10.
to do a kind action, n., ngemba, 2.
Ready, be, 7/./., lulama.
(willing), be, 7/.,vevola ntima (4).
ready to, be, v., vevolwela nti-
ma; he was ready to go for
me, wavevolwela kunge-
ndela ntima.
willingness, //., mvevo (4) a ntima
(4).
Rear (bring up), v., tongonona, ku-
bulula.
Reason, n., bila, 6 ; eyandu, 8 ; eba-
ndu, 8 ; elonda, 8 ; ebungu, 8.
for this,e bila kiaki, eyandu diadi,
elonda diadi, e bila ye ebandu.
for what, wa eyandu, iS:c.
& explanation, 11., mpitu (2) yo
nsengo (4).
for coming, 71., ngizilu, 2.
3E
Rea-Rel
(786)
.R i<: ASON, continued.
fm- .going, ngyendelo, 2.
for what, wa edi.
the real reason is that, ina ntangwa
kina or kinana vo.
it cannot have happened without
some reason ; see diambu, App.
Reasoning, the power of, //., nyindu,
4'
Rebel ayainst, v.t., t^ama.
Rebuke, ?/./., yika, sungula.
(strongly), %>.i., badila.
Receive instruction as a doctor, v.,
tambula e kinganga (5).
respcctfidly, see under koko, App.
Recklessness, thoughtless, ;/,, nswa-
takesa, 2 ; nswatakani, 2.
Reckon, v.t., dikula.
Reclalm, 7'./., vukulula.
f ■°^'''^'''^'=' U/./., tona, toneua.
Recollilct, ) '
Recollection, a, «., lubanzu, 10.
very distinct, ;z., kienze, 5.
Reco.mmend (counsel), 7a/., kubikila.
Recompense, ;/., vutudi, 6 ; nse-
ndo, 4.
Reconcile, v.t., bakanisa.
Reconciled, be, v.i., bakana.
Reconciliation, «., lubakanisu, 10
(rt^A) ; lubakanu, 10 {pass.).
Recover (from a fit of drunkenness),
7'., vungumuna nzieta (4) a
malavu (pi. 8).
(get well), 7a/., vuka (Bako.), vatu-
muka.
(revive), v.i., vatumuka.
Red, be or turn, vd., biluluka.
Redemption {active), ;/., lukulu, 10 ;
nkula, 2.
{passk'c), nkulu, 2 ; nkulwa, 2 ;
nkuka, 2 ; kulwa, 9.
Redness, brilliant, n., lo, pi. 6.
Reed, small round, /z., nsaku-saku,
2 & 1 1 ; ndebela, 2 & 1 1 ; nsie-
sie, 2 & II.
weaver's (the stick which takes the
place of this in native looms),
//., mbota, 2.
Ri:fer to, item by item, vd., tangu-
muna.
Reference to, in, see -ina omu, App.
Reflection, n., kita, 5 (Bako.) ;
nkangazi, 4-
Refresh kd in body, be, 7/., nitu (2 i-)
sakumuka; moyo (3, u-) vu-
tula.
after thirst, nitu (2, i-) vola.
in mind, moyo (3, U-) sakumuka.
Refuse, v., vakula nkalu (4)-
Regretfully, adv., kuna nkenda
{with appl.form).
Regular, a., kibeni ; the regular
route, e nzila kibeni.
Regulations, «., mina, pi. 3.
Rehearse a matter with full detail
from the beginning to the end,
kumbulula, tapntuta.
Relations, to have the most inti-
mate, see yambana, App.
Relationship, ;/., see also under
ndia (4) mosi, & wutnkiana
yo, App.
Relative, n., yutu, 6.
by marriage, //., nkwezi, 2.
one's 9wn, //., kiandi, i (pi. akia-
ndi).
Relax one's severity, vd., buwa
ntima (4).
Relaxation, take, v., volesa
ntima (if mental) or e to (6) or
e nitu (2) (if physical),
have some, v., nitu (2, i-) vola,
///. to cool down.
Release (abandon), vd., tengola.
Reliauli:, a., afika ye kamba, -elzI-
ku, -akwikizi, -avuvu.
person, ;/., nkwa (1) ziku.
Reliaiulitv, ;/.,ziku,6 ;kwikizi, 12.
Religion, ;/., kwikizi, 6.
(faith), lukwikiln, 10.
(rehgious principle), unkwikizi, 12.
Relinquishment, ;/., luyambuln,
10; luvunzanisn, 10.
Relucjance, n., kiongomena, 5.
Reluctant, be, v., kala ye or sia e
kiongomena (5).
to move, &c., be, vd., sindama.
Rely (upon), v., sia e fika (6) ye
kamba (6) (muna) ; bunda e
vuvu (6).
( 787 )
Rem-Ret
Lemain long (at a place also last),
7'., zingila.
still, 7'., kindama, ningama, di-
ngama.
(stay for while), 7'./., wunda.
:kmainder, //., nsadidila, 2.
:kmark (upon something said), ;;.,
ndandu, 2 ; see reply, App.
make such a, 7/., landa.
Remarks, scornful, «., lutiangu, 10.
Remember (recall to mind), v.i.^
bambukwa moyo (3).
(recognise), 7'.A, tona, tonena.
(something forgotten), 7'./., bakula.
cause to, v., bakulwisa.
Remind, v.t., bambula moyo (3).
Remnant (few or a little remaining),
«., nsodiodio, 2.
Remorse, ;/., lubanzu, 10.
Remove soft, sticky stuff, 7/./., ta-
mpula.
Renewed, be, v.i., nungunukina
va (12).
^ENT (let out on hire), 7/./., sompeka.
(hire), v,t., sompa.
Repeat (an instruction), v.t.^ kunka
(e diambu, 7).
over & over again, 7/., landulula.
Repent, v.i., vilukwa ntima (4).
Repetition, ;;., nkumbuluka, 2.
Reply, ;/., ndandu, 2 ; he could
make no reply to what I said
to him, kavwidi dio ndandu
ko edi imvovese.
in antiphonal song, 7/./., yakulula.
«., nyaku, 4.
leave no room for, 7/./., zengeneka,
yengeneka, tungika.
Report to, v.t., samwina.
(reputation), evil, n., lutumbuku,
10.
good, 7/., lusanisinu, 10.
a man of good, n., nkwa (i)
ezina (8) diambote.
Reproduction (copy), «., nkutu-
bandu, 2.
Repudiate, 7/./., vakula nkalu (4).
Require, 7/., zolesela.
Rescued, be, v.i., vuka (Bako.).
Resemblance,;/., fwani-fwani, 6.
Resemblance, continued.
exact, ;;., nonga-nonga, 6.
Reserve (proud), ;/., etinti, 8.
maintain a, ?'., tintila, fumana,
fumina.
Reside (for a time), v., wunda.
Resi(;n, 7'./., yekola.
Resignation (of mind), n., nkululu
(4) or nlekoko (4) a inoyo (3).
Resin, a very inflammable, //., ele-
ngo, 8.
Resist (an attack, &c.), 7/./., kakidila.
Resolutely, to hold out, v.i., bamba.
Resolution (intention), n., ekani, 8.
to make a very strong, 7'., sia e
ekami (8).
Respect of persons, ;/., mandangi,
pi. 7-
Respected, be, 7/./., zita.
(exalted), v.i., kundalala, tunda-
lala.
Respectful (courteous), «., -afuka.
Respectfully, to hand or receive,
see under koko, App.
Responsible for, be or undertake to
be, 7/,, lama,
make, for, sia e kiyekwa (5) kia;
sia e mbebe.
Responsibility, «., mbebe, 2.
(charge), «., kiyekwa, 5.
habit of throwing responsibility up-
on others, mavenga, pi. 8.
Rest, for the (finally), vo i maka.
Resting-place for travellers, //.,
eboko, 8.
Restlessness, n., mpiaviana (2) a
ntima (4), mpiaviani, 2.
Restored to health &: vigour, be, 7'./.,
sakumuka.
Restrain, 7/./., kindika, ningika,
dingika.
Resurrection {passive), lufutumu-
ki, 10 (Bako.) ; lufuluku, 10.
Retail (dry measure goods), adv.^ e
nzongela (2).
sell, 7/., zongela.
(liquids), adv., e mbukwila (3).
sell, v., bukwila.
(flesh), adv., e mbakila (2).
sell, 7'., bakila.
Ret-Rol
( 788 )
Retail, continued.
by linear or superficial measure-
ment, ad%>., e ntendela (2).
sell, v., tendela.
Retain in possession (" stick to "),
7/./., tatidila.
Retaining fee, n., ezita, 8.
Retreating (of the forehead), a.,
-akofoka.
Return, a, n., vutudi, 6.
7/.Z., kala (Bako.).
go and return quickly, t/.z., laka.
Returning some other day, adv., e
nkuluki.
the same day, e mputuki.
Reveal, v.t., sengomona, selola.
Revelation, n. {ad.), lusengomono,
10.
(/rti^j-.), lusengomoko, 10.
Revengeful feelings, n., lutima, 10.
Reversed, adv., lunima-nima.
good and bad are the opposites of
each other, yo wete yo bi lu-
nima-nima.
Revive (restore to vigour and life),
v.t., sakumuna.
(recover), v.i., vtlka (Bako.), vatu-
muka.
(some old question), v., yangumuna,
ziatola ; not used of or to one's
betters.
Revolution, be in rapid, v.i., kala
mu zuwana.
Revolve rapidly, v.i., zuwana.
(in a perpendicular position), v.i.,
nimba.
Cin opposite directions as wheels in
contact, endless bands, &c.),
vd., volozioka.
Reward, n., nsendo, 4-
v., senda.
(return), n., vutudi, 6.
Ribs, skeleton of the (complete & n
position), n., volongonzo, 6
Riches, n., lusalu, 10.
(richness), n., umvwama, 12.
Ridicule (laugh at), v.t., kiekielela.
Ridiculous, become, be, vd., tumpa-
lala.
Right, be, vd., songa.
Right, cojitinued.
all right, adv., e vie (pi. 6).
it will be or\s, kia matondo (pi. 8).
be in the right, v., nunga (Bako.).
(correct, proper), a., -ansongi,
-akosi, -avimpila.
hand side of anything, n., nene, 12 ;
to the right hand side of, kuna
lunene lua, kuna nene wa.
a., -alunene, -anene.
on the, adv., kuna lunene.
and proper, to do what is, 7>., tomesa.
a right to, «., nsongi, 2 {with the
verb in the applied form) ; you
have no right to enter my house,
kuna ya nsongi a kotela
muna nzo ame ko.
Righteousness (in actions), ;/., nso-
ngi, 2.
the principle of, unsongi, 12.
(legal), ndungidi, 2.
Rigid, a., -antintibidi.
Rigidity, n., ntintibidi, 4-
Ring (as a bell), v., kuba.
(circle), n., zongolo,6 ; nkongolozi, 2.
(finger, &c.), n., ndambi, 2.
ornamental, metal, ngondo, 2.
Ripe, be, v., yeboka, kola.
Rise (as leavened dough), 7/./., funa.
from (a seat), v., telama vana.
(of the stars), v., deka.
to the surface, v., tongomoka, tu-
mbuluka.
(of the tide), 7a/., zala.
Risk, v., kaya.
Road, a broad, n., mvulela, 4-
to make a mark on the ground to
show the road taken (to help
stragglers), v., tenda e nzila (2).
point where 2 roads branch, «.,
bunda-mpambu, 6.
Roam (prowl), v., lasa, vema.
(wander), vuvuta, bembela.
Roar, ?i., ekumbu, 8.
(as the fire or blast furnace), vd.,
yidima.
Roast, vd., babula.
Rock (not detached rocks), ;/., nse-
nzele, a-
Roll, any parcel or packet done
iLL, continued,
up in shape as a roll, ;/., mu-
ngonga, 3-
Roof, ;/., mwanzu, 3 (Mboma).
Root (origin, base), n. ; see ezuku,
8, App.
up or out (by handfuls), 7/., yaba.
Roi'E, w., mfumvu, 2.
Ror and swarm with maggots, ?'.,
komoka.
Ro TATION (turn), /;., tete, 6.
Rotten, something, ;;., wolezia, 6.
thing that goes to pieces at a touch,
n., etampala, 8.
RO'lTENNESS, ;;., UWOlezia, 12.
Rotting, a., -anwodi.
Round (around), adv., e kinzieta,
muna nzinguluka (2).
about, prep., muna nzinguluka a.
about, be, v., viongoloka, viota-
kana.
hole, ;/., zongolo, 6.
make a, v., ziongola.
the trunk (of a true), ku vumu (6) ;
measure round the trunk, teza
ku vumu.
Rouse, vd., katumuna (Bake),
up, 7'./., katumuka (Bako.).
(stir up as dust, passion, &c.), v.,
yangumuna.
with a start, ?/./., dikumuna.
7/./., dikumuka.
Rout, v.t., tufakesa.
Route, «., mwalu, 3.
Routed utterly, be, t/.z,, tufakana.
Row, n., mbangu, 4 ; nlolo, 4.
to take one's place in a row, v.,
yika mbangu.
all in a row, adv., e kia-kia.
put all in a row, v., kialumuna,
kiatumuna.
RowDv, «., wuya, 6.
Rub a part of the body (as when it
itches), v., finta.
hard on (grind), v.t., fwenka.
Rubbish (foolish talk), ;/., mambu
ma mazengele ngonde, mfwa-
nti, 2.
talk, v., folokosa.
Rude, be, 7/./., see tununuka, App.
(789)
Rol-Rus
Rudely, to enter, 7/.,kuniunga [refl.).
Rudeness, see tununu, 6, App.
Rudiment, //., ezuku, 8.
Rule, general (grammar, &c.), «.,
nkiku, 4.
(regulations), mina, pi. 3.
with a firm hand, v.t., boselela.
Ruler, «., nyazi, i & 4.
(one in authority), ;/., mungwizi, 3.
Rummage (search), vd., satulula,
sandulula.
Run, 7/., kwaka, toteka.
at one's utmost speed, v., vani-
ngina.
away, 7/./., kungumuka.
(escape secretly), 7/./., bubumuka.
down (of liquids), t/.z., voloma.
(of something great), vd., dikita.
(tack, in sewing), vd., sumpa.
very fast, 7/., kwakidila.
Running (quickly), adv., e lunda-
lunda (6).
power, n., nlaka (4) a ntinu ; they
raced together, i.e., tried their
running powers, batezanini
nlaka a ntinu.
Ruse, n., mana, pi. 7 ; lumpeso, 10.
Rush, vd., lundangana.
about (be very active), v., tumpa-
tumpa.
in all directions, v., tumpa.
along, T/.z., zikumuka.
rush and bluster (as the wind), t/.z*.,
pekomoka, vekomoka.
start up and rush at, vd., vulumu-
kina.
(flow), ;z., ngungula-ngungula, 2.
violently, of wind or rain, t/.z'., vi-
kuka.
Rustle (as the jungle when a man
or large animal forces his way
through it), v., fofota.
(as leaves in the wind), vd., puku-
tiswa, pukuta.
and sway about as the branches of
a tree (when animals are mov-
ing about in them), t/.z., vwa-
mvwana.
Sad-Sco
( 790 )
Sardonyx, n., sardonis, 2.
s.
Satan, n. (the adversary), Mbeni, 2,
Satan.
Satisfaction after a good meal, sense
Sad, be or look, v.L, kafalala, ko-
of, //., nzengele, 2.
tama.
Satisfied, be, 7/./., sunanana, da-
make, v.t., kafidika, koteka.
sanana,.
(distressing), very,^?.,-alukendalalu.
Satisfy, v.t., suninika, dasidika.
be (dull, pensive), v.L, futalala.
Satyriasis, ;/., lonzo, 10.
make, ?/./"., futidika.
Savage, a., -ayezi (pi. 5).
Safe and sound, adv., e Tikiti-nkiti
Saviour, ;/., kangi, 6.
nsangu-nsangu.
Sawdust, ;/., vesona ya nti, pi. 6.
be, v.i., VUka (Bako.), VOdoka.
Say, v., ta (Bako.), totola (a woman's
a., afika ye kamba.
word) ; ziotola, not used of or
Safety (from danger), ;/., luvnvamu,
to one's betters.
10.
says, said (he, &c.), i...wau ; for.
(security), ;/., fika (6) ye kamba (6).
said Nlemvo, I will come, okala
Sag, v., fumbalala.
vo kadi, i Nlemvo wau, kwiza
cause to, make, fumbidika.
nkwiza ; said he, i yandi wau.
Said, it is, see wa ele nkutu.
have nothing to say for one's self.
Sail (start), v.i., nengoka.
v.i., tungama, yenganana, ze-
Sailor, «., mumpambala, 3.
nganana.
Salt, be (of salt), 7/./., see tua, App.
into (one's) ear, v., longesela muna
without, «., -atompodia.
kutu (9).
Salutation, «., ekaya, 8 ; emia-
over and over again, v.t., ziotolola,
ngana, 8 (of women).
not used of or to ones betters.
Salute with a blessing, 7/./., sambula.
that is to say, i sia VO, i sia zaya
Salvation {act\ n., luvukusu, 10
vo.
(Bako).
not to say that, ke sia ko vo.
Same, see under -mosi & okumosi,
to, v.t., vovesa, samwina, zi-
also a-, App.
ngwila.
(of things compared), dia.U adimosi.
Scamp, ;/., baza,, 6 ; tuzu, 6 ; t§ma, 6.
time, at the, adv., oku mpe.
Scarce, a., -ampava.
while. ..at the same time, wau...
Scarcely... to, v.t., see under lenda-
oku mpe.
kesa, App.
In the same way, just the same, adv.,
Scarecrow, n., sisa, 6.
okumosi, e de (6).
Scatter, in all directions, v.t., tenda-
just the same with (ya, ye or) yo...
nisa.
una nkutu ; see K.-Eng. App.
of shot, 7/./., baza.
under una.
Scattered condition, in a, adv.,
Sample, «., pwa-meso, 6.
mwangu (4), mwangani (4).
Sand, «., kinyengese, 5 (Bako.) ; ki-
far and wide in great numbers, be.
nyenge, 5 (Bako.).
7'., sanzana.
Sand-martin, «., volo, 6.
in all directions, be, ?'./., tendana.
Sandstone, «., etadi (8) dia esenge.
Scent (hunting term), n., kiundu, 5.
Sapphire, n., safire, 2.
(natural to human beings), mvuku, 2.
Sarcastic manner, ;/.,nsendomona, 2.
Schism, n., mpambula, 2.
to speak in a, v., vova e nsendo-
Scold, v.t., boma (Bako.), baza.
mona (2), sendomona.
(speak angrily, loudly), v., badila;
Sard, ;/., sardi, 2.
see also VOvesa, App.
L
HCOLDIN*
( 791 )
Sco-Ski
LDiNG, //., lubalumukmu, 10.
Scope to, give, ?'., sila e nzila (2).
Scorn, «., lutunu, 10 (Hako.).
7/./., ttma (Bako.), vweza (liako.),
yeza.
Scornful remarks, ;/., ntiangu, 2.
Scoundrel, ;/., .ur rascal.
Scourge, vJ., zwabula, vizula.
Scout, v.f., senga, laya.
;/., nsengi, 2.
Scowl, with a, a<i7'., e koyo (pi. 6).
Scrape, 7/./., kwempa(Kib.=vempa).
off (something which has adhered),
7K/., kona.
Scratch, t'./., kuluta.
with claws or nails, kwatika (e
nzala).
(the surface), kwanza (Bake),
(mark), «,, kwalati, 6.
Screen, w., ngumbu, 2 ; kubu, 6 ;
nkakidiswa, 2.
from, v./., kika (0 meso, pi. 7).
Scream, 7/./., yabala, yayakiana.
Scrupulously to avoid anything
dirty, v., tintila.
Scrutinize, vJ., ziongola.
Sculptor, ;/., nsemi, i & 4.
Scum, «., ebo, 8.
Scurrilous, a., see -esutu & -a usutu.
Sea, n., mtwu, 3 (pi miuwu).
Search, far and wide in all directions,
7/./., veyana.
(for a road or track), 7'./., tota.
(overhaul, examine), 7>., sanda (Zom-
bo) sata.
(rummage), 7/./., satulula, sandu-
liila.
Searching, a, ;/., mpava, 2.
Season, n., see sungi, 6, A pp.
I (for certain things), //., mbingu, 2.
early rainy, /i., kianzu, 5 (sowing-
time),
for game, «S:c., a close, //., lukandu,
10.
hot, nsungi (2) a kala (6).
unhealthy, «., nlanda, 4.
(of a condiment), 7'./,, tua muna.
Seat, «., fongo, 6.
Second, «., sekonde, 2.
(a proposal), 7/., yikesa.
Secrecy, «., mfundu, 2 ; bubidi, 6.
Secret (something kept secret), //.,
mfundu, 2.
a., -amfundu, -akinswekaiuena,
-akinsweki, -ambumba.
keep (a matter), 7'./., volokela, (c
diambu, 7).
Secretly, ^^7'., ku mfundu (2), ku
bubidi (6), ku kinsweki (5),
kuna beko (6).
Sect, «., vaudi, 6.
Section (of anything built *>/■ made
in sections), ;/., kikwa, 5.
Secure, be, stand, 7/./., kindama.
be very', 7'./., silama, kuzama.
make, vJ., sidika, kuzika, siamisa,
siamikina, siamitma, kindi-
ka.
Securely, aek/., e ngi (2) ; e ngwi
(2) ; e tele (pi. 6).
Security, paid into court before a
decision is given, //., ntela, 2 :
nkiedi, 2.
(sureness), ;/., fika (6) ye kamba
(6).
Sedate, be, v.i., fumina, fumana.
Sediment (of wine, &c.), u., ebo, 8.
(muddy), ;/., mvunzu, 2.
Seduce, 7/./., biondomona, bendo-
mona, biangumuna,
away a man's wife as a set off
against a debt be owes, 7'., pela;
see lender pela, A pp.
Seduction, ;/., lubiondomono, 10 ;
lubiangumunu, 10.
See (find), v.t., ziongola.
plainly, 7/., mona e mpenza (2).
Seed, ;/., mbongo, 2 {sing. only).
husk unbroken but empty through
atrophy, ;/., ebefele, 8.
Seedlings (for transplanting), //.,
mpuza, 2 {sing. only).
Seeing, that^ conj.., wau kina vo,wau
kinana vo.
Seek, 7/./., sanda (Zombo), sata.
Segment, of anything made up of
segments, ;/., kikwa, 6.
Seize, 7aA, yimba.
by force, with violence, 7/./., bumba.
upon, 7/./., bwidila (Bako.).
Sel-Sha
( 792)
Seldom, adv., tutu (6) kiatunda-
nganl.
Select, t/./., dimbuna, ta. I
Self-control, ?/., volo, 6. i
cause, help to exercise, ?/., vololola. \
exercise, vololoka. j
lack of, ;;., yingalu, pi. 5. |
Self-sown, «., -amakunda, -akimbe-
nena. I
Selfishness, n., mvula, 4- ;
Sell, at a low (price), v.t., bufa. '
Selvedge, ;/., bayi (2) a kindele.
Sena TOR, //., sec nkuluntu (2), App. _
Send after or behind, 7/./., landesa.
alone (of a person), v.t., tuma.
in charge of some one, ?'./., twika.
a messenger, v., sia e utumwa (2).
(things), 7/., fidisa.
up very far away, v.i., pemona, pu-
muna.
Senior, ;;., see nkuluntu (2), App.
Seniority, ;z., kuluntu, 12.
Sense (meaning), ;/., nsosa, 2.
(wits), ;/., mamoni, pi. 8 ; diela, 7-
Senseless, a., -azengi, -a uvoso.
Senselessness, ;?., uzengi, 12 ; uvo-
so, 12.
Sentence, n., nlolo, 4-
(of a judge), n., nzengo, 2.
give, 7/., sia e nzengo.
Separate, a., -akikaka.
(from), adv., e vaudi (6, muna).
be, vd., vauka (muna).
put, make, 7/./., vaula (muna).
position, in a, adv.^ e kikaka.
Separated portion, ;/., vaudi, 6.
Separately, ^rt'T/., vabeko, e kikaka.
each, e kikaka-kikaka, -mosi-mosi
(kimosi-kimosi, &c.).
Separation, ;/., mpambula, 2.
Servant, ?/., ntaudi, 2 ; lezi, 6.
Set (before others), v.t., tumbika.
be, V. mid., tumbama.
(construct), 7'.A, tudika.
firmly, vd., sidika.
be, 7/.Z., silama.
(food) before, vd., tumbikila.
one's heart upon, see desire, p. 55.
in order (arrange), v., kumpika,
kumpa, lumpika, ludika.
Set, cofttinued.
in a position, vd., sikidika.
be, vd., sikalala.
up, vd., sikidika.
be, v.i., sikalala, dongalala.
Settle (fix), v., konkota, kuma, si-
kana.
(a matter), v., lekola.
Settled, be well (long established)^
vd., koba.
(fixed), a., -esika-sika.
Severe, be, towards, v., ziatalala.
become very (of a disease), v.Ly
[e kimbevo (5 ki-)] koleka.
(Bako.) ; kukolela, kuluka.
Severity, n., luziatalalu, 10.
Sex, female, 77., kento, 6.
male, kiyakala, 5.
Sexual intercourse together, have,,
vd., vukana.
Shackle (by which a prisoner is fas-
tened to his keeper), n., kimpa-
nga-nkanu, 5.
Shade, n., kimpozi, 5 (Bako.), ki-
mpewa, 5 (Bako.), kita, 5
(Bako.).
make a (as a spreading tree), v.i.y
vwandangana, vwandangi-
ana.
Shadow, jt., see shade, App.
Shaggy, be, vd., sapalala.
Shake (tremble), v., titila.
(with fear or cold), v., to (6, ki-) or
ntima (4, u-) kitima.
down closely (of a basket of grain,
&c.), vd., bandila.
Shaking, ;/., ezakamu, 8 ; ntembe-
lela, 2.
Shame, «., lunsoni-nsoni, 10.
with, adv., kuna lunsoni-nsoni.
(disgrace), ;/., luvungu, 10.
Shamefully treat, vd., tiakidila.
Shank, //., ekolo, 8.
Shape, 71., mpwa, 2.
Share (allotted), ?/., kwa, 6.
(impart) out with another, vd., ka-
wulula.
(portion), ;/., ekau, 8.
Sharp, a., -ameno.
make, vd., twisa ; see tua, App.
( 793 )
Sha-Sii.
HAlTERED to atoms, be, t>., weso-
inoka.
Shave the head entirely (not the whis-
kers or beard), tenda o luva-
nda (ic).
Shed, //., nsampa, 2 (Bako.); sudi,6 ;
saba, 6.
forth, 7'./., bungula.
Shelf, n., kianga, 5.
Shelter (of boughs or grass), // ,
lembeka, 6.
(screen), ;/., nkakidiswa, 2.
Sheriff, one whose duty it is to de-
mand the execution of a mur-
derer, 77., mbamba, 2 ; mpu-
nga, 2.
Shift aside, out of the way, ■?/./.,
vengomona (something en-
countered), vengeka (some-
thing which one has).
7'./., vengama, vengomoka.
Shin, ;;., ekolo, 8.
Shine, as a spark or as a small point
of light, 7'., deka.
[be bright, of the daylight (kuma)],
7A, tendoka.
brightly, v.t., yedima, semenena.
forth (after dulness), ?'., teka.
(glitter), 7/.Z., niania.
Shining with splendour, a , elezi-
lezi.
Shiver, 7'., titila.
Shoot (spring up), %>., vasumuka.
send up a, 7'., wuta e nsanga (2).
Short, cut in short pieces, of cassava
I only, a., -awele-wele.
make short work of (a thing), va.,
fudila muna kufi (12).
hot, a good, ;a, nkwa (i) sunsa
(6) ; malangula (pi. 9).
houli) (if), see tinder kana vo kala,
App.
Hour, 7/./., loka.
//., boko, 6.
at derisively, v.t., kumbulwila.
Show how, 7/., songesela.
make a good show, have plenty to
show for it, v.t.^ totola.
up, 7'./., see venzomona, App.
Shreds, to, adv., e bela-bela; it is
Shreds, continued.
torn to shreds, kibakilu e
bela-bela.
Shrine (heathen), ;/., vela," 6.
Shrink from, 7/., susa, mona e nsu-
sidi (2).
Shrunken in, be, v.i., kompoka,
kofoka, vompoka, wotoka.
Shudder, v., to (6, ki-) or ntima (4,
u-) kitima, kankamwa e nitu
(2), titila.
n., ewawa, 8.
Shut in or up by, be, v., bambamena^
Shuttle-stick, weaver's, ;/., adorga,
2 ; munongo, 3 (Zombo).
Shyness on the part of children, ;/.,
umbiu (refractoriness !), 12.
Sick of (a thing), be, 7'./., tukumu-
kwa.
Side, on every, adv., anizid, anazie^
the other, ;?., mpiluka, 2.
Sift, 7/./., tika.
Sigh, as the wind among the branches
of trees, 7/./., pukuta.
Sight (seeing), ;/., mbweno, 2.
catch sight of, 7/./., mona e kelezi
(pl. 6).
be caught, 7/./., moneka e kelezi^
a great, ;/., mona-meso, 6 ; kimona-
meso, 5.
in sight of each other, adv., ma-
mbonani (pl. 7).
(spectacle), see nkungi, App.
Signs (by which dumb persons make
themselves understood), mfu-
ndu, 2.
Silence, v.t., butika nua (4).
a dead, «., eyidingingi, 8.
put to (leave without a reply), 7/./.»
tungika, mongeneka.
Silent, be perfectly, 7/./., dikalala.
be, v.i., tungama, monganana.
observe a sullen, fanakana.
be (stop talking, &c.), 7/./., kindama,
ningama.
make, 7/./., kindika, ningika.
remain (unable ^r unwilling to speak
or reply), monganana, tunga-
ma.
Silver coin, ;/., palata, 2 (P. prata).
Sim-Smi
( 794 )
Simpleton, //., mvudi-a-ngungTi, 4.
Sin, «., esoki, 8=iisoki, which see,
P- 392.
against, 7/., sumuka.
(guilt), ;/., esumu, 8.
(unpardonable sin), ;/., mungadu, 3
(P. peccado?).
Since (now that), coiij., wau kadi,
that (forasmuch as, seeing that),
conj.^ diadi dina vo, wau kina
vo, wau kinana vo.
Sincerity, ;/., ntendo (4) a ntima (4).
Sing a chorus o?- in aiuiphonal song,
v.t.^ see yakulula ; a psalm or
ode at a grave of a great man,
sec yinda, App.
loudly, 7'., yengoloka.
to the music of some instrument, z'.,
vovelela e esikilu (8).
Single, a., a- prejixcd to the second-
ary form ^mosi ; he carried
all in a single day, onete ya-
wonso muna lumbu akimosi.
{in negative sentences only)^ a.,
wonso ; he did not say a single
word, yandi kavovi diambu
wonso.
Singular (number), ;/., kimosi, 5.
in the, adv., e kimosi.
(strange), a., -ampimpita.
Sink to the ground under a load, ?'.,
fwankalakana.
utterly (overwhelmed), 7/./,, sinka.
Sip up (last drops left in a vessel), v.i.^
wunzulula.
Sister {used by or of the opposite
sex only), //., nsanga, 2.
Sit carelessly so as to expose one's
self, v.i., venanana, vananana.
in council, v., vwanda e mfulu (2).
(on eggs), v.t., lalamena.
up all night, v., kielwa.
up late, 7/./., yididilwa, tougamena.
Situation, fine, //., kiudi, 5 (Bako,).
Skewer, ;/., nsomo, 2.
Skill, ;/., ndwenga, 2 {generally pi).
in one's craft, fuzi, 12.
(professional), ;/,, umfuzi, I2.
done without any attempt at, ;/.,
-afwatiku-fwatiku.
Skin, folds of (in emaciated people),
;/., nketa, 4.
disease, a contagious, see kinsa-
mpala, App.
Skull, ;/., valanganza, 6.
Slab, ;/., baya, 6 (P. taboa) ; babu, 6.
Slag, piece of furnace, //., ekongwa-
nkela, 8.
Slaked, to have one's thirst, 7/.,
utima (4 U-) bwita.
Slave, «., muwayi, i ; see also ntau-
di.
Slavery, «., wayi, 12 ; uwayi, 12.
Sleep heavily, fall into a heavy sleep,
v., wondoka or wonanana yo
tulu (pi 10).
throw into a dead, v.t., vonda
tulu (10).
sleep thus, fwa tulu.
sickness, ;/., makwende, pi. 8 ;
manimba, pi. 9.
Sleeper, railway, ;/., nzadilwa, 4-
Sleeping-place, ;/., leko, 6.
Sleepless, be, v., kayiwa or kawa
meso (pi. 7).
Sleeplessness, ;/., iikawa-meBo, 4.
Slice, «., sele, 6.
Sling, netted, in which a calabash is
carried, ?/,, nselwa, 4.
Slip away, v.i., sunuka.
Slope of a roof, &c., «., nkunka, 4.
a steep dangerous, ;/., ngengo, 2.
Slow, a., -akomboka.
Slowly, go, v., komboka.
wear away, 7/./., komoka.
Small, a., -abuzie (Bako.).
be, grow, v., keva.
cut in small pieces, of cassava only
a., -awele-wele.
Smashed up, od., tafakana.
Smear on thickly, 7/./., leba.
thinly, vd., vianga.
Smell, vd., nukuta.
of the steam of hot food, ;;., mufu, 3
(pi. miufu).
the sense of, n., ndukana, 2 ; ndu^
kuta, 2.
Smite with something great or with
sickness, 7/., buma ; see also
strike, App.
( 795 )
S mi-Sou
Smithy, «., Invu, lo (Bako.) ; lunga,
lO.
Smoke, make a, ?'./., fita, fita o
mwisi (3).
Snack of food eaten before meal-
time, n., mbela-mbela, 2.
Snap ! inicrj., twe, balanganza.
(of something small), 7'./., twe-
ngona.
in two, v.f., kendona.
the finger & thumb, ?'., sika ki-
ndokela (5, 13ako.), sika e
kinsansa (5).
in two, 7'./., minguna.
pull tS: snap in two, dnduiia,
zuzuna.
Snatch away with violence, v., vuzu-
muna.
Sniff, 7/., swena, sweta.
(when disgusted with a nasty smell),
v.i., vunguzioka.
Snore, v., sa ngozi (Bako.).
Snoring, //., ngozi, 2 (Bako.).
Snuff, 7'., sweta, swena.
So, to be, 7/., -ina una, kala una ; are
I you so foolish ? nga uzowa
weno wina una ?
so or is it so that, edi kamba vo ;
1 so you bought it, did you J edi
^ kamba vo osumbidi kio ?
long ^.s..., sec yavana, A pp.
(if only), see only, if.
much, hard, well, that, see wingi,
App.
that, cofij. yavana; see also ingi,
to say or speak, i vova VO.
Soft, be (as of fine textures), 7'.,
lelema.
and green (of corn), a., -antwenia.
be (limp, not stiff), 7a, tukuka.
(tender, fragile), a., -etwenga.
thing, ;/., etwenga.
be in a soft & sticky condition, 7'./.,
tampwa.
Soften by placing in water, 7'./.,
vundika.
by rubbing in the hands, v., tu-
kuna.
Soil, rich, ;/., ntoto (4) andia.
Soldier, w., ebamba-ngolo, 8.
Sole (only), a., -ampivi.
Solitariness (of places only), /;.,
kinzunga, 5 ; sombe, 6.
Solitary (of places only), ^/.,"-a8omb€,
-akinzunga.
(drear), a., -angidi-nginza.
Some, see wonso, App.
day or time or other, (uh>., e tandn
mvu wonso, oku kukwiziwa.
one whose name one docs not care
to mention (if a young man),
//., netoko, i.
thing as above, salamesa, 6.
Son, see also wuta, App.
Soon after (after a while), adv., okn
se ntu ; soon after he went,
oku se ntu, wele kwandi.
..., to, 7'., sa, 7'. aux. ; we siiall soon
go, tusa kwenda.
be, come, go, do, 7/., vuka (Bako.
=vika).
Sooner (rather), adv., vezi.
Soothe (a child), 7/./., bonda (Bako.),
wondeleka.
Sorcerer, «., mvandi (i & 4) a mpa-
ndu.
Sorcery, «., mpandu, 2.
practise, v., vanda e mpandu.
Sore, ;/., mbenza, 2.
be (of the throat), ?'./., kwayala.
Sorghum, ;7.,masa (pi. 7) ma mbala,
mbala, 2.
Sorrow, n., nienge, 4.
Sorrowfully, adv., kuna nkenda-
nkenda ■{with applied form of
the verb).
Sort, ;/., mpwa, 2.
Soul, «., fulumunu, 6 (Bako.) ; wu-
munu»6 (Bako.) ; fulumwinu,
6 ; vumwinu, 6.
Sound (that which our ears perceive),
;/., mpuku-vuku, 2.
a great, see eyokosa, App.
(healthy, good), a , -avimpi.
of something moving, «., nsonsa, 4.
make such, 7'., sia nsonsa.
(a trumpet), 7/./., tiantisa.
7/.Z., tianta.
Sounding (giving a ringing sound),
a., -angenge.
Sou-Spo
796)
Source (basis), n., see ezuku, 8, App.
Spent in vain, a., -angofwila.
(cause), ;/., ntondo, 2.
Sphere, ;/., bulungunzu, 6.
Sourness, w.,iisa, 2(Bako.); ngani, 2.
Spherical, a., -abulungunzu.
South, ;/., sud, 2 (Fr. sud).
Spike made of sharpened pieces of
Sow.
mbasa buried in the ground.
self-sown, a., -amakunda, -akimbe-
point upwards, to pierce the
nena.
feet of trespassers in gardens.
Spare (save), v.t., vukisa.
&c., n., esomba, 8, ;?.
(protect), kankana.
Spill, v.t., vongomona, vongola.
Sparkle, w., niania.
pongola.
Speak; v.y totola (a woman's word).
Spin loosely, v.t., laba.
against..., ?/., sia...e diambu (7).
Spirit, «.,fulumunu, 6 (Bako.) ; wu-
(angrily), 7/./., balata.
munu, 6 (Bako.) ; vumwinu.
to, v.t., badila ; see also vovesa,
6 ; fulumwinu, 6.
App.
Spiritual nature, «., umwanda, 12.
highly of, vJ., sensemeka.
& characteristics, n., kimwanda.
insolently about, v.t.^ tiala, tia-
5-
nguna.
a., -amwanda, -akimwanda, -a
in very low tones, 7/., vunguta.
umwanda.
of, v.t., tola (Bako.), suma, zangata.
Spiritually, adv., e kimwanda (5).
of or about, 7/., ziotola {not used of
Spirt, v.t., tialumuna.
or to ofte's betters).
Spit upon, v.t., vuma mete (pL
over & over again, ziotolola, as
8).
above.
Spite, n., lutongeneko, 10.
privately, secretly, in a whisper to—.
against, have, v.t., tongeneka.
7/./., longesela.
in spite of all, adv., e nkaya-kaya.
sarcastically, v.l, sendomona, vova
in spite of the fact that — , conj.y
e nsendomona (2).
kufwila owu...ko.
scornfully, v.t., tianguna.
Splash about (as water when carried),
to (a fetish), v., vovelela.
v., dukinga, dukunga.
(unadvisedly, what you afterwards
Splashing sound, make, v., dikinga.
wish had been left unsaid).
Splendour, ;/., elezi-lezi, 8.
lutisa or lutakesa or sunda-
Spoil (destroy), v.t., fwasa, vonde-
kesa (e diambu, 7).
without care & propriety (blurt
sela.
(mar), v., bandula.
out), tempa.
(nullify), v.t., pangalakesa, bwa-
Speaker, great, n., ngwelele-ngwe-
ngalakesa.
nze, 2.
Spoiled, become (tarnished), 7/./.,
Species, ;/., mpwa, 2.
vesoka.
Spectacle, ;/., mona-meso, 6; ki-
be (so that it cannot come to com-
mona-meso, 5.
pletion <7rperfection), v., funga.
great public, «., see nkungi, 4, App.
Sponge, tt., sipanzi, 2 (Eng.).
Speech in defence of, ji., vovelo, 6.
Spoon, «., zawulu, 6 (Bako. =zalu).
hasty, careless, mambu mankwalu.
(of metal), n., ngutu, 2.
elegant, proper, grammatical, ma-
Spot, n., ekeya, 8.
mbu makosi.
(place), fulu, 6.
Speechless (dumbfounded), adv., e
on the, adv., vana or VOVO fulu,
mome (6).
vovo (&c.) vau.
be, v., fwa e mome.
where anything may be surely
Spend lavishly, v.t., pututa.
found, «., ezikila, 8.
( 797 )
Spr-Sta
Spread about, be (scattered), t/./.,
tendangiana.
abroad, ? ./., sanzanisa.
v.i.^ sanzana.
from one to the other, ?'./., yala-
ngana.
out in great numbers, 7/., sanzana.
(occupy much space), ?/./., yala-
ngana.
cause to, ?/./., yalangesa.
(of things which had been heaped
together), v.t., bungula.
widely, z/./., balumuna.
Spreading (of a tree), a., -anyevi.
be, 7A, yeva.
Spring suddenly at, t/./., vulumu-
kina.
up (as seedlings), ■</., tomboloka,
teka.
in abundance, vasumuka.
Sputter & frizzle in cooking, 7/.,
siosia.
Spy, n.t., lay a, senga.
//., nsengi, 2.
Squander, v., fumba, pntuta.
S(,)UANDERING ways, //., nlungU-
lungu, 4.
Square, the great, of a town, «.,
ntanda-ndembo, 4 ; mbazi (2)
a ekongo, eboko, 8.
«., kare, 2 (Fr. carre).
rt., -akare.
Squash, v.t., tufuna.
Squat, be (low &: spreading), 7/., ba-
talala.
Squeak (as a mouse), v.t., kienga.
Squeal (as a pig), 7/./., kwinga,
winga.
Squeeze through a small hole, v.t.,
fiunununa.
Squirrel, n., ebala, 8 ; ngondo, 2 ;
ekasa, 8.
Squirt, 7/./., tialumuna.
Stab, v., suka e mbele (2).
Stadium (Greek furlong), mavwata,
100, \ kia kilometa.
Stagnant, be, v.L, dikalala.
Stain (colouring matter), ;/.,dima,pl.6.
Staircase, ;/., sikada, 2 (P. escada);
tombokelo, 6 ; tombokelwa, 6.
Stalking, skill in, ;/., ekondeka, 8 ;
ekoneka, 8.
Stammer, 7'., kokoma.
Stand, «., zangikilwa, 6.
aside (to allow some one to pass),
7A, sila e nzila (2).
head downwards or upon the head,
7A/., bolama.
7^/"., boleka.
high up, 7/./., zundalala, tundalala,
knndalala.
the point against (of sojnething
long), 7/./., tutika.
still, v.i., kindama, ningama.
cause to, v.t., kindika, ningika.
be at a loss (because of), takama
(mnna), vakama (muna).
& wonder, the right hand under
chin or on the side of the face,
attitude of perplexity, fumana.
in frightened perplexity & appre-
hension, 7'./., zumbalala.
up suddenly, adv.^ kankuka.
(place), 7/./., sikidika.
v.i., sikalala.
Standard (of comparison), ;/., mba-
ndu, 2 ; nonga-nonga, 6.
Standing (position), ;/., esiku, 8.
Start (begin to go), 7/./., see londola,
App.
(begin to do), toteka.
a dispute, v., leka e mpaka (2).
v.i. (of many people), vombola.
(originate), 7'./., selomona, solo-
mona, soka.
(of a ship, &c.), 7/./., nengoka.
up and rush off, 7a/., dikumuka.
(with pain, fright, shock), 7/./,, kitu-
muka.
Startle, 7/./., dikumuna.
Startled & run, be, v.i., dikumuka.
Starve, v.i., zika ye nzala (2), vilwa
e nzala.
State a case (in court), 7/., songa or
sia e yeleka (pi. 5), ///. show
the true facts,
clearly, plainly, 7/./., kiesa.
Stationary, be, v.i., kindama.
Stature, ;/., utiangi, 1 2.
Statute.s, «., mina, pi. 3.
Sta-S'ir
( 798 )
Stay, t/.?., kindama.
(for a long time), 7'., zinguluka.
for a while, v.i.^ wunda.
n., nangu, 4-
(support), n., nsimMninu, 2.
Steal, v.t., yemba (Bako.)-
Stealthily go, move, ?'., koniboka.
Steering (of a ship), the, 7;., ebindi-
ku, 8.
manner of, mbindika, 2.
Step, //., tenso, 6 ; kunda, 6.
Steps, ;/., sikada, 2 (P. escada); to-
mbokelo, ^ ; tombokelwa, 6.
Stere, n., stere, 2 ; meta mosi akube.
Sterile, see nzimba & nlomba, App.
Stick far out, and only be held by the
extreme end, ?'./., zananaua.
in (cause to pierce), ?'./., sumika,
someka.
(one's head a little way out of a door
or hole), ?'./., lumbidika.
out (protrude), vJ.y see protrude,
App.
to (retain), v.f.^ tatidila.
(persist), ?'., lakama, landidila;
sec also persevere, persist.
(a statement 07' idea), v.t., selo-
mokena.
upon a stick or spike, by sticking
the spike into the object, 7'./.,
soineka, sumika.
Stiff, a., -antintibidi.
Stiffener to a parcel, n., see padi-
padi, 6, App.
Stiffness (rigidity), ;/., ntintibidi, 4-
Stile, «., sumbuka, 6.
Still, adv., yanginu, yakinu ; see
also yet, p. 243 & App.
(however), adv., see mpasi OWU. &.
oku mpe, App.
(in protesting), co?ij., watu.
(there was no change in the circum-
stances), adv., kaka; still there
was nothing alive, ke vakedi
kaka ma kiamoyo una kina
ko ; he was still in the house,
wakedi kaka muna nzo.
(yet) to be, v., kini ; v. defective,
per/, only; some are still at
the water, akaka bakini kuna
Still, continued.
maza; others are still alive,
akaka bakini yo moyo.
I keep, -'.t., kindika.
v.i., kindama.
Sting, n., nswa, 4 (Bako.) ; ba, 6
(Bako.) ; nanga, 4 (Bako.) ;
nsoso, 4-
Stinginess, «., bwimi, 12 (Bako.).
Stingy person, n., mbaba, 4.
I Stinking condition, in a, adv., e bo-
j koto (pi. 6).
Stir (move), v.i., sonsola.
(a pot), v.t., ziungasa (Bako.).
I up (rouse), v., yangumuna.
Stirred, be, v.i., ziungana (Bako.).
Stitch of basting, Jt., esumpu, 8.
Stock (breed), n., kuna, 12.
parent or common stock from which
all have sprung, n., nzimba-
kani, 2.
remain long in stock, v., kunda.
Stocks, n., nsuku, 2 (Bako.) ; ku,
6.
! Stomach (of rat or nsizi), n., efingi-
i dikiti, 8.
Stone, v., zuka matadi (pi. 8).
to death, vondela muna matadi.
used for crushing pepper, &:c., on
another stone, ;/., nsindulu, 2
(Bako.); nikinwa, 6 ; nsindu, 2.
Stop, v.i., kindama, ningama.
cause to, v.t.^ kindika, ningika.
(cease), v.i., voza.
for a while, v.i., wunda.
(of punctuation), n., ekuminu, 8.
Stopping without, adv., ntusu (4).
Storm, ?i., tembo, 6 (Bako.).
Story, n., lusansu, 10.
to make a long story short (proverb),
mwana a kinsamuna kaka-
la mpasi ko.
Stout, a., -atonga.
be, grow, v., yeva.
Stow closely, v.t., bandila.
Straight, a., -ansingingi, -ansinini.
be, v.i., singanana.
make, v.t., singinika.
down into the earth, adv., e kimbo-
nga-nsi; dig straight down into
( 799 )
Str-Sub
S'lK A I (J H 1 , continticii.
the earth, nutima e kimbo-
nga-nsi.
on, over, &c., adv., nsingamu (4).
(of trees, shafts, &c.), a., -ansioni.
out of the straight, adv.^ nzungu
(4).
a., -anzungu.
S'lRAlGHTEN the sidcs of a pit, 7'.,
sonsa.
SiRAiciHii'ORWARD (of a course), a.^
-ankolomona.
Straigh TNESS, 71., nsingingi, 4 ; nsi-
nini, 4.
(of trees, shafts, &c.), nsioni, 4.
Si RANGE, a., -ampimpita ; a strange
affair, diambu diampimpita.
Jiow strange indeed, kadi tu, se di-
akaka.
this is very (?;- it is very, se diakaka.
S iRANGER, ;/., see ntangu, App.
Strangle, v.t., fiontona.
STRA'i'AGE^i, 7/., mana, pi. 7.
(artifice), ;/., lumpeso, 10.
by, ad7\, kuna lumpeso.
(careful circumventing),;/., ekoneka,
8 {j^eitcrnlly pL).
Stratum, //., kunda, 6.
Si RAY, 7'., vuvuta.
S TRENGTH, //. (active), mfunka, 2.
(physical), nkuma, 4.
^potential), mfunka, 4 ; see K.-Eng.
App.
(essence of meat, herbs, &c.), mwe-
ma, 3.
SiRETCH, 7'./., nanumuua.
SiRlCT (carefully correct), «., -ano-
nga-nonga.
SiRiFE, ;/., nzekani, 2,
Strike, v.t., kafa.
(as a clock), v., kuba.
a blow with—, 7'./., zuba, venza,
vama.
a hoe, vaba.
a heavy blow, v.t., tiama.
with (a stick or blunt instrument),
bufuna, bufa.
something great, buma.
(pat), playfully, v., wanda ntayi
(4).
, Strip, n. a short narrow strip of
grass jungle, which has re-
mained untouched after a great
bush-fire, swa, 6 ; sWanga, 6.
long ditto, nlanga, 4.
(coloured strip sewn on the end of a
cloth), /;., babatu, 2.
off, 7'./., vuzumuna ; they stripped
him of his clolh, bamvuzu-
mwini nlele.
Stripe, n., mvibu, 4 ; nzila, 4-
Strive one's utmost, v., seneta.
hard, v.i., siamanana, vama.
to do (something beyond one's
I power), v.t., kuvaka.
j together in hot discussion, 7'.,
bambana, zekana.
Stroke (mark), ;/., kwalati, 6.
j Stroll about, v., beba (Bako.), kiba
I (Bako.), bembela.
I Strong, be, v.i., siamanana, vama.
(earnest), grow, v.L, vela-vela,
man, a very, ;/., ekabu, 8 ; vavi, 6 ;
mpami, 2.
(of the voice), a., -abakuka.
Struggle together, v.t., kankana.
(violently), v., seneta.
(with some great task or burden), 7/.,
vanama (ye\ zekana (ye).
Stubbornness, n., lufutu, 10 (Bako.),
nkumfu, 4.
Stumbling-block, ti., sakuba, 6.
Stupid, be, become, v.i., bobalala
(Bako), tumpalala.
be, either through drink or severe
i sickness, v.i., dungiana.
the condition or one who is so
affected, n., ndungianu, 4.
one who is utterly, ;/., efweke, 8.
; n. & a., sec fool, »S:c., App.
Stutter, v.i., kokoma.
Style, ;/., mvila, 4.
I (build), ;/., kanda, 12.
; (of make), n., ebangu, 8.
I of writing, ;/,, esoneka, 8.
j Subject, start or refer to a, nikuna e
diambu (7).
I Subjection (lowliness), lusakalalu,
; 10.
: be absolutely in, v., bosalala.
^5UB-SUR
( 800 )
Subjects (of a king), the, ?/., nsa, 4,
sing.
Submission, a goat presented in token
of, «., nkombo (2) a maboko
(pi. 8) ; see -eboko, App.
Submit (treat for peace), vana e nko-
mbo a maboko.
Subsequent, see nsukinina, App.
Subside (of earth when it caves in),
v.i., wotomoka.
Substance, //., see mfiku, App.
Subterfuge, ;/., ebungwa, 8 ; mpi-
ku, 2.
make a (to concoct some story in
excuse), lamba mabungwa.
to make use of, vala mabungwa.
Successful, be, 7/.z., vangama.
Succour, ;/., luambu, 10.
render, v., vana luambu.
Such, see -ina una, App. ; such a
thing, e ma kina una.
in such a way, adv., sec under -ingi
& wingi, App.
Suckling, n., ngyemo, 2.
Sudden death, 71., lufwa (10) luaka-
nku.
Sue for peace, v., lomba luve (10).
Suffice for all, 7>.i., lungila.
Sufficiency, ;/., lufwanu, 10.
■Sufficiently, not, adv., see under
yavana, App.
Sugar-cane, a soft, immature, n.,
efubu (8) dia munse (3).
Suggest (a matter), v.t., selomona,
solomona.
5^^^^' , \ v.i., funakana.
Sullen, be, )
Sulphur, n., see elengo, App.
Sulphuretted hydrogen, w.,biandu-
ngula, n., 6.
Sum (total), //., kimbangumuna, 5.
(add), v., bangumuna, tota.
up (the point in a debate), v.t., SO-
ngola.
Summit, ;/., lusangidika, 10.
Sunken in, be, v., vompoka, kofoka.
Superabundance,
Superfluity,
Supply (furnish), v., vambula.
to, vambwila.
}"•
nsavu, 4,
Support (aid), «., luambu, 10.
v., vana luambu.
give one's support to a matter, v.t.y
nunguna mvungu (4), yi-
kesa.
upon the hands with great care, 7/.,
lelela.
Supporters (of a king), n., lelelwa,6.
Suppose, v., kala or -ina diau ; wiiat
did he suppose .? adieyi kakedi
diau?
(if) conj., kana vo kala, w///z /he
subj. mood in reference to t/ie
past tSr* indicative mood for the
future. Suppose I had gone,
would he have seen me ? kana
VO kala ngyenda, nga mona
kadi kumbona e ?
(I,&c.), suppose, owu diakalanga;
see also mpangU, App. ; I sup-
pose that he is going, owu
diakalanga kwenda kekwe-
nda.
Sure (dependable), a., -aziku, -afika
ye kamba.
(to be believed, trusted), a., -akwi-
kizi.
be sure to, v., ke lembi ko.
make very, v.t., kuzika, siamisa.
Surely, adv., e kieleka kiau; see
also lembwa & mpandi, App.
Surface, of water only, n., nkanda-
kanda, 4.
(of water, ground, &c.). The water,
&^c., is mentioned, vana ntandu
a being sometimes prefaced to
it, but the simple mention of
the water, ground, 6r-v., is gener-
ally sufficient. The surface of
the ground was wet is expressed
by saying that \\\Q ^xo\\x\<l itself
was wet, ntoto ukedi e
mvutu.
make a smooth level, v.t., kumba.
scratch the surface of the ground
with a hoe, v., buka.
Surliness, ;/., lunkumfu, 10; nku-
mfu, 4-
Surpass (outdo, eclipse), vd., vanda-
lala, vatalala.
( 8oi )
SUR-TAL
Surpass, continued.
exceedingly, v.t., sundidila, luti-
dila.
(have, do more), v.t.^ beta.
Surprise (blank), ;/.,luzengeneko, lo.
utter cries of, ?/., kululuka, kumba.
Surrounding country, ;/., zunga, 6 ;
mvivu, 4.
Surroundings (environment), «.,
iizinguluka, 2 ; kinzieta, 5.
Survey, 7/./., laya, senga.
Swallow with one gulp or whole, v.t.^
kiubula, kiutula.
Swallowed up, be, v.i., sinka.
Swamp (muddy place), //., ntabala, 4.
Sway (about as water when carried),
7/., dukinga, dukunga.
Swaying, «., ntembelela, 2.
Swear (an oath), v., bindumuka,
bindumuka e ndofi (2).
at, v.t., duka.
falsely, v., fumba e ndofi (2).
Sweet, be, t/.z., see tua, App.
(as sugar), a., -anzenzo.
Sweetheart, «., diabonda, 7 ; lenge-
zia, 6.
Sweetness, ;/., nzenzo, 4.
Swell up to its original size (as some-
thing dried, which has been
well soaked), 7/.z., funduluka.
Swerve, 7/./., tikumuka.
Swim, v.i., loba.
(as a fish), 7/., beba (Bako.), kiba
j (Bako.).
Syllable, «., kibale, 5.
in or by syllables, adv.^ e kibale.
I Sy mpathise with, v.t., tantilwa...e
^^B mpasi (2) ; see also yambana,
IV App.
Sympathy, ;/., see under ngyambani
& yambana, App.
Synagogue, ;z., esambilu, 8 (dia
^^ Ayuda).
* T.
Tablet, ;?., babn, 6.
Tack (in sewing), 7/./., sumpa.
Tail feathers of a bird set up as a
trophy ^rtaii of a fish,7z.,vezo,6.
Take (appropriate), v.t., lamnna.
by force, 7/./., bumba.
care of (a living creature or some-
thing moveable), v.^ lunga-
lunga.
in things put into the sun to air or
warm, yanuna.
a large piece (of something), v.t.^
yengomona.
very little at a time, 7/,/., debola,
dekola.
much, plenty, too much, 7/./., WTinga,
tuta, duda, vudidila, puta,
pututa.
the habit or act of taking too much
or very much, ;z., vudidi, 6.
ofif outer casing, upper part of a pile
or heap or one's outer garments
or anything tensama, 7/,, te-
nsola.
off the surface, 7/./., see lalllla, App.
out (of something in which it was
encased or embedded), t/.A,
sokola.
up and carry away at once without
remark, 7/./., kiknla.
up & carry on or through some
enterprise or take up some re-
frain or song, yakulula.
one who does so, ;/., ngyaku, 2 ;
nyakuludi, i «S: 4.
up by the end, 7/./., zaninika.
(something which is very long,
as a rope, snake, &;c.), 7/./.,
langnmuna.
up with, v., kusia muna.
upon oneself, 7/.z., yakama.
Talent, ;z., lue, pi. 6; ndwenga,
pi. 2.
Talent (biblical weight), ;z,, talanta,
(ezitu dia vimpa ya tadi).
Talented, be, 7/., luengoloka.
Talk, constantly, 7/.z., kwaya.
empty, senseless talk, «., malaza,
pi. 8 ; mawulumuna, pi, 8.
favourably of, v.t., sanisa.
on endlessly, 7/./., bwasumuna,
tialumuna.
rubbish or uselessly, 7/., folokosa.
Talkative (full of chatter), a., -ampi-
3 F
Tal-The
( 802 )
Talkative, co7itiniied.
Tease, v.l, tuntanisa.
ntudi, -ampintuludi, -ambio-
Tell, to, v.t., samwina, ta (Bako.).
di.
all the details minutely, 7/./., tapu-
be, pintula, pintulula, biola.
tuta, kumbulula.
child, w., mpintudi, i & 4 ; mpi-
off to a duty, 7/., suma.
ntuludi, I & 4 ; mbiodi, i & 4-
Temperance, n., volo, 6 ; tunn, 6.
Talkativeness, «., nzoko-zoko, 4.
Temperate, be, v., vololoka, tuna.
Talked of, be much, v.i., kumba,
Tempt, 7/., tambidila ; see nkanu, p.
yaya.
380.
Tall person, «., etiangi, 8.
Tempted, be (to do something which
straight tree, or tall, thin man, n.,
one knows to be wrong), v.i.^
ndiokololo, 4-
vungidilwa ; see K. App.
& thin, a., -ansioni.
Tender, soft, «., -etwenga.
Tamarind fruit, ;/., nsakabadi, 2.
thing, «., etwenga, 8.
tree, nsakabadi, 4-
mercy, ;/., ngemba (2) angudi, 2
Tame, be, v., lembalala.
(Bako.) ; walakazi, 12.
Tan leather, 7/., tovola nkanda (4).
Tenderly, touch, handle (when ex-
Tantalization, //., nsondi, 2 (Bako.).
amining something very fragile
Tantalize, 7/., ta nsondi (Bako.)
or painful), v., wimza.
tekela e ngengo (2).
Tense, be, t/.z., nanama.
Tap, w., kakilwa, 6.
Termination, n., nsiln, 4-
Tarnished appearance, n., evesoka,
Terms of peace, «., e mpanga (2) a
8 ; kuku, pi. 6.
nngndi (12).
become, v., vesoka.
be on good (agree well), 7/., bakana.
a., -eveso.
with, 7/., kala kumosi ye.
Taro, coco yam (colocasia ?), mvindi
Terrible, a., -ansisi.
(4) a elanga (8).
something, ;/., tema, 6.
Tarry (be long), v., zinguluka.
what a terrible thing ! interj., nki-
(stay), wunda.
timu (4) a ntima (4) kikilu !
Tartness, «.,nsa, 2 (Bako.); ngaTn*,2.
nkitimisu (4) a ntima kikilu !
Task, have a very laborious,^?/., le-
Terror, ;/., nsisi, 2.
ngana (ye).
Test, «., ntonto, 2 ; ntonta (a test-
Taste (appetite), n., kinzola-nzola, 5.
ing), 2.
(for), «., nlaku, 4 (a).
Testament (covenant), ;/., ekangu,
delicious, n., ngwenzo, 2.
8 ; nkangu, 4.
(a tasting), ngyeleka, 2.
(will), nkanda (4) a efwa.
a very little, 7/./., leveta.
Testis, n., mbanga, 2.
Tastelessness (too watery), ?/.,
Than, rather than, more than, adv.,
mbuyu-buyu, 4.
kemu...ko.
Tatter, «., nlanzi, 4.
Thanks, ;z., matondo, pi. 8 ; ntondo,
in rags & tatters, a., -anlanzi-nlanzi.
4.
Taught well, be, v., via.
with many, adv., kuna matondo.
Tax, w., vaku, 12.
Teach well, 7/./., visa.
That, ) ^^^ mpangu or sia
That is to say, )
Teachable, be, 7/., longaka,-na.
or samuna or -ina vo, App.
Teaching, «., nlongi, 4.
(saying that), pron., e kisamuna
Tear, v., kaza.
zaya vo or sia vo or vovo
off a piece, v., zazuna.
vo or vo ; sia vo.
Tears, have tears fill one's eyes, 7/.,
Then (next, after that), conj., mba
kinsanga (5, ki-) yengela.
(Bako.), mbangi (Bako.) ; i
( 8o3 )
The-Thk
[EN, continued.
mbangi ; i mbengi ; see also za,
App.
after an interrogation^ see VO, App.
{impatient), utu (Bako.), tu, vntu,
vele, ele ; go then ! wenda ele
{as wendele).
(so), see nga, App.
then it is or was that, adi/., see i, App,
(in those days), adv.^ luaka mu-
na lumhu ina.
then too, conj. , e diaka mpe.
then, well then, conj., "buni (Bako.),
ozevo se ; let us go then, ozevo
se twenda kweto.
There — , adv. In initiating imper-
sonal clauses, prefix the locative
to the verb, with or without the
addition of ya, ye or yo after
it; see also under i, App.; there
are at or on, »&c., vena or
kwina or mwina ye (ya, yo).
Therefore, co7ij., dianu vo, diau vo.
( The appl. form is not required
when diau & dianu are thus
combi7ied with VO.) e bila
kiaki {with the applied form).
ThicKj something very (?r singularly,
;/., mbomongo, 4.
a., -ambomongo.
smear on a thick coat or thickly,
v.t., leba.
Thigh, «., ebunda (8) dia kulu (9).
Thimble, n., mpu (2) a nlembo (4).
Thin, a., -akasa (Bako.), -ankalati.
be or become, v.i., kava, kamuka,
pala.
make, v.t., padisa, kavisa, ka-
muna.
smear on a thin coat or thinly, v.t.,
vianga.
thin stick of a thing, mbiengele, 2 ;
oh, what thin sticks of legs !
kuna k wa mbiengele za malu !
Thing (material), ;/., leko, 6 (Bako.).
very precious, 7t., lengezia, 6.
Things of no use, n., mfwantakani, 2.
the many things (one saw or has to
attend to), mambu, nkama
ya nsambu a mbumba.
Think, v., bala.
about (puzzle over), v., vimpita.
(have an idea that), v., eki, with the
Poss. pron. in class 7 sing. ; 1
thought that I should tind it,.
eki diame, yasolola kio.
(suppose, believe), kala or -ina.
diau ; what do you think 'i
adieyi wina diau? he thought
that they were here, edi kake-
di diau vo kwaku ina.
over, v.t., dikula.
too little of... to make such a present
or to render such a service or
do such a kindness, v., fumbila.
too much of (a thing) to dispose of
it (to so & so), v., fumba.
Thinness (emaciation), n., nkalati, 2.
Thirst, n., kodi-kodi, 6 (Bako.),
laka-laka, 6
burning, ;/., elemena (8) dia maza
(pl. 7).
which seems insatiable, ?z., nui-
nui, 5.
to
have slaked one's, v.i., ntima
(4, U-) bwita ; he is no longer
thirsty, ntima audi ubwitidi.
Thistle, growing in the woods, «.,
nkeka (2) a mfinda (2).
Thongs of skin or leather twisted
together, n., nkasi, 2.
Thorough (perfect), a., -akosi.
THOROUGHLY(clearly),«^t/.,epeka(6).
do (well), v., toma {aux. v.).
but not too much, adv., e ngingu
kole.
Though, conf, kufwila owu...ko,
sia ele vo, kana vo, kana una
vo ; see also ndivo, App. ; though
you go, kufwila own okwenda
ko.
as though, conf, ne banza vo.
Thought (purpose), n., ekani, 8.
Thoughtlessness, utter, n., see
under ntu ukula, &c., App.
Thousand, n., efunda, 8.
Threat, n., nkanikinu, 4.
Threaten, v.t., sisisa.
Threshold, ;/., mfietoto, 4 (Bako.) ;
nsiekolo, 4 (Bako.).
Thr-Too
( 804 )
Thrill, n., ewawa, 8.
Time, continued.
Throne, n., kiandu, 5.
then, adv., leka temona
Throng, v., zadila, fitama.
{lit., after sleeping & waking).
;/., ntuti, 4-
(epoch), n., snngi, 6.
Throw, v.t., laka.
time spent in being, kalu, 6.
down (something heavy), z/., jniva.
in staying temporarily or visiting,
<lo\vn (on the ground or into water),
ena.ngu, 8.
v., lakika.
spent in delay, mazinga, pi. 8.
far away, v.t., swanga.
Timidity, n., nsumbi, 2 ; nsumbi-
& miss, v.t., tikumuna.
nsumbi, 2.
out the chest, v.i., manganana.
Tire of a wheel, n., nkunkula, 4.
something large (into the water),
Tired, grow (of something), v..
v.t., kuvula, kuvumuna.
snkwa moyo (3), tantwa e
up (mpanza & catch them before
mpasi(pl. 2), tukumukwa, ba-
casting), v., yaka.
nduka ; I am tired of teaching
(in wresthng), v.t., nongona.
him, yabanduka kunlonga-
Thrown, be, otherwise than was in-
nga aka.
tended, v.i., tikumuka.
Toad, large species, n., sote, 6.
Thrust in by force or something not
Toddle about, v., kankata.
intended to enter, v.t.^ tumpa.
Together, adv., e kibale (5), sa-
Thunder or make a thundering
ngi(i2).
noise, v.i.^ dudula, tutula, di-
(all at one time), adv., mankoka-
diiiia.
ngo.
Thus, conj., e kisamuna zaya or
all put together, adv., e bundu, 6.
sia vo or vova vo c?r vo ;
Toil, v., futuka (Bako.), funtuka.
sia vo.
n., mfuntu, 4.
Tick, jungle, ;/., kasa, 8 (Bako.) ;
(at), v.t., funtuka or lengana (ye),
nkuba, 2.
sia e mfunka [(2) nmna].
Tie, n., kangwa, 6.
Toll (customs), n., vaku, 12,
dKt., kuta.
(of a bell), v.i., kuba.
firmly, v.t., kwitika, pita, bamba,
for passing over a bridge or river,
volola.
n., nzambu, 2.
round one as a girdle, v., kanga
pay, v., zamba.
mbuti (4).
Too, expressed generally by recasting
loosely, to, v.t., zeyeleka.
the sentence, so that instead of
Tied loosely, be, v.i., zeyalala.
saying, it is too white, say very
up, adv.^ nkangu ; he sent it tied
white, thus : because it is too
up, otwikidi kio nkangu.
white = kadi pemba kwingi.
Tier, ;/., tenso, 6 ; kunda, 6.
There are a few verbal adjectives
Tighten (make firm, sure), t/., ku-
implying too : —
zika.
too little, small, -luelo, -ke.
the girding (of one's cloth), ?>-,,
too long, high, deep, -la.
kamina.
too short, -kufi.
Tightly, adv., e ngi (2), e ngwi (2),
too new, -va.
e tele (pi. 6).
too old, -kulu.
Time or number of times, «., nku-
too little, few, short, to be, v., fwa
mbuluka, 2.
ke (12).
(in muhiplication), mfoko, 2 ; 6
too much, large, many, be, v., fwa
times 20, mfoko 6 za 20.
nene (12).
after some time, some time elapsed,
(as well), adv., see also as well, App.
( 8o5 )
Too-Tri
'OOTH, front (incisor), /;., dinu (7)
diansevi.
which protrudes beyond the lips, ;/.,
esunia, 8.
a second row of teeth in either the
upper or lower jaw, //., ntudi, 2
(liako.).
Top of hill, flat, ;/., esela, 8.
on the top oi,prcp.,^2iXiSior kuna
mbata {si/tj^. 2) a.
on the, acii'., vana or kuna mbata.
one on the top of the other, adv., e
nkundieka (2), e nkundakiani
(2), e mbandakiani (2), e mba-
ndieka (2).
Topaz, ;/., topaze, 2.
Torment, //., lubangalu, 10.
v.t., bangidika, bangika, banga-
nisa.
be in, va., bangala, bangalala.
Tormentor, n., muntantabadi, 3 ;
sungubadi, 6.
Torrent, bed (very rocky), ;/., yasa,
6.
Tortuous, «., -ampiolo.
be, v., viotakana.
make, v.t., viotakesa.
Torture, v.t., landa mambu (pi.
7) ; see also torment, App.
Tossed about in all directions, be,
V.I., tumpana.
Total, «., kimbangumuna, 5 ; nto-
ta, 2.
Touch of a trap, ;z., ntetebeswa, 2.
some one in order to call him aside
without attracting the attention
of others, v.t., viangula, takula.
Tough, be, v., sinita.
and almost unfit to be eaten, v.u,
kuva.
Tower, ji., nzo (2) ezulu.
Town, ;z., bwala, 13 (Nsundi).
Trace to its source, v.t., tongonona.
the barest (vestige), n., nsunungina
(2).
Track (of a great beast), n., mvwa-
vwa, 4 ; mvwamvwila, 4.
(path), «., nzia-zia, 4.
Trade, «., nkono, 4.
(business transactions), mfuilll, 4.
Tradition, n., esansn, 8.
Train up (a child), v.t., kubulula,
tongonona.
Trajec'iorv of a bullet, «., zengo, 6.
Trample upon, v.t., funta.
Tranquillity, ;/., luvuvamu, 10.
Transfiguration, ;/., ekitu, 8.
Transformed, be, v.i., see somoka,
App.
Transgress, v., kuzuka [e elongi
(8), &c.].
Transgression, ;/., ekuzuka, 8.
Transgressor, n., nkuzuki, i «5t 4.
Transmitted from one to another,
be or have transmitted to one,
v.t., sambukila.
Transparent, a., -amoni.
be, v., mona.
Transplanting, plants for, «., mpu-
za, 2.
Trap, n., see mpombolo, eniemo, App.
good fortune in catching with, n.,
etambu, 8.
the touch or trigger of a trap, n y
ntetebeswa, 2.
Travail with, be in, «., songokwa
kwa.
Travel about, v., beba(Bako.), kiba
(Bako.).
Traveller, ;?., nkangazi, 4.
Treacherously, to act, v.t., takula.
Tread upon, v.t., funta.
Treasure, ji., lusalu, 10.
Treat for peace, v., vana e nkombo
(2) a maboko.
inhumanly or as a fool, kitula e
yidi, sangila.
Tree, huge, n., ngengele (2) a nti (4).
red wood tree, good timber, ndia-
nuni, 4.
yielding a very inflammable resin,
elengo, 8.
Treeless (bare), a., -angidinginza.
Trembling, n., luzakamu, 10; eza-
kamu, 8.
(of delight or fear), «., epupupu, ?.
Trespass (transgression), ;/., ekuzu-
ka, 8.
Trial, n., ntonto, 2 ; ntonta, 2 (try-
ing).
Tri-Tyr
( 806 )
Triangle, n., konko-tatu, 6.
Tribute, ;/., vaku, 12.
Trigger (of a trap), ;/., ntetebeswa,
2.
Trim, ?/./., kumpa.
(a lamp), 2/./., kolela.
Triumph, «,, nsangunia, 4.
Tropics, the lines of, see zengo, 6,
App.
Trouble (danger & difficulty), n.,
lenga, pi. 6 ; vangu, pi. 6.
have a great deal of, 7/./., futuka
(Bako.), funtuka.
give,^./.,futuna(Bako.),fuiituiia, |
tokeka, tuntanisa. |
be in (as a mourner), v.i.^ zingidi- |
Iwa.
get into (a derisive, scornful ex-
pression), 2/.z'., kiema, laka.
Troubled, be (sad), v.i., kendalala,
tiukwa ntima (4).
be (worried), v.L, finangeswa.
in mind, be, v., zanginika ntima
(4) ; ntima (u-) zanganana or
kangama ; zangananwa
ntima (4).
make, vJ., zanginika ntima.
Troublesome, a., -ampasi, -alenga,
-avangu.
(annoying), a., -anangi.
Trowel, «., ngutu, 2.
Truly, adv., e kieleka kiau.
(it is indeed true that), diele e kie-
leka vo.
Trumpet, long, straight, without any
bend, n., nkoko, 4.
mouth of a, ?z., nsanza, 2.
Trunk (of tree), ;/., evimbu, 8.
Trust, «., vuvu, 6 ; Infiatu, 10 (P.
confiar); .f^t' also nkanka, App.
^., bunda e vuvu (6), liata (P.
confiar).
(entrusted), ;/., mbebe, 2.
mutually, v.^ bundana e vuvu.
on, adv., e kipodi, 5 ; to take any-
thing e kipodi implies that a
date of settlement has been
fixed, & if the amount is paid
before then no usury will be
charged.
Trustworthy, one who is, n., nkwa
(i) ziku (6).
(devoted), nkwa nkanka (2).
nature, kwikizi, 12.
Try (a case), v.i., fundisa.
the flavour of, v.t., leveta.
hard, v., nwana.
to do something, well knowing it to
be hopeless, v.i., kufiknunga,
fianungina.
to grasp or kill too soon, i.e., before
getting sufficiently near, tuwa
{perf. tuwidi).
in vain to, v., lembi or lembelo;
see p. 696.
induce, v.. kuza.
Trying (dangerous & difficult), a.,
-alenga, -avangu.
Tuck up one's cloth, v.t., vena.
Tuft (of hair), n., yondo, 6 ; bondo,
6.
Tumor, «., kingengele, 5.
Tune with, be in, v.i., wawana.
Turkey (bird), n., mpilu, 2.
Turn aside, vA., tikumuka ; see also
vitakana & vitakesa, App.
the face or proper side round, v.i.^
vilukila.
over in one's mind, v., lamba, di-
kula.
puzzle over, v., vimpita.
over the surface of the soil, v.i.^
funta.
(in rotation), n., tete, 6.
round, v.t., yulula (Bako.)=vilula; "^
see p. 448.
Turns (in a task), take, v., tambu-
lula.
Twig, ;/., vuya, 6.
Twinkling (of an eye), v.i., meso (8)
-layiswa; in the twinkling of
an eye, meso tulayiswa.
Twist aside, be twisted, v.i., zungu-
muka.
Tyrant, tyrannical person, n., mba-
ngadi, i »& 4 ; mbangazi, i & 4.
( 8o7 )
Udd-Upr
Uddhr, «., yeni, 6.
Unadulterated, a., see under ya,
App.
Ugly person, //., mi, 4.
Ulcer, ;/., mbenza, 2.
very large, ;/., evongona, 8.
rodent, which destroys the nose
{lupus exedens)^ ;/., matamba,
pi. 8.
to assume a healthy appearance,
v.i., zituka.
Umbilical cord, //., luayi, 10.
Unable to—, be, v.i., bindamwa,
lembakana ; I shall be unable
to go, mbindamwa kwenda.
Unbeliever, ;/., mundembi-kwiki-
la, 3.
Unbending (rigid), a., -antintibidi.
Uncared for (not in charge of any
one), adv., nyambi (4).
Uncertain (untrustworthy), a., ke
-bundwanga vuvu ko.
Unclean, a., -aiisafu,-alembi velela.
render, v.y safula.
Uncle anness, «., nsafu, 4 ; esafu, 8.
Unconcern, ;/., umpavuludia, 12.
Unconscious, be, become, v., fwa e
ngambu, 2.
Unconsciousness, «., ngambu, 2.
Uncontrollable, a., -atununu.
be, v.i., tununuka.
Uncork, v.t., kavula, samuna.
Undeniable, to be, v., ke vanaka-
na nkalu ko, ke kalakana ko.
Understand (recognise), v.t., tona,
tonena.
(have it dawn upon one), ?/./., vu-
ngula.
Undertake to do, v.i., lama.
Undo work which had been accom-
plished, v.t., pangalakesa,
bwangalakesa.
Unfair, rt.,ke -ansongi ko, -alembwa
e nsongi.
Unfruitful plant or tree, //,, nlo-
mba, 4.
Unfruitfulness, «., nnlomba, 12.
Ungrudgingly, adv., kuna mvevo
(4).
Unhappy, be, v., kafalala, ntima (4,
u) kafalala.
Unheard of (strange), a., -ampi-
mpita.
Uninitiated person, w., nsonzolo, 2.
who has not been initiated into
some mystery or rite, vinga, 6.
Unintentionally, adv., e nswalala
(2).
Unitedly (together), adv., sangi
(12).
Unity (all intermixed), «., sangi, 12.
Universe, see lelelwa, App.
Unjust person, n., mvilwa, i & 4-
a., -avilwa.
Unknown, long, a., -akinsamuna.
Unlawful, sec -ansi a nkuwu (2),
App.
Unless, co7ij., nanga, nangi, nangu ;
see also under kala, p. 2 8 7.
Unobserved, slip away, t'./., vialuka.
Unobstructed (of a course), a.,
-ankolomona.
Unprincipled person, n., mvilwa,
I &4.
Unripe (of plantain & bananas &
fruit which reddens on ripen-
ing), a., -amfuba.
fruit, ?t., efuba.
Unscrupulous person, /;., mvilwa,
I & 4 ; ntwanga, 2.
Unscrupulousness, ;/., nntwanga,
12.
Unsold, remain, v.i., funta.
Until, adv., yasumbate; see su-
mbate ; also under yavana,
App.
Untrustworthy, a., ke -bundwa-
nga vuvu ko.
Unusual (extraordinary), a., -avava.
Unwell, be, v., yela.
be very, ke kala biza ko yo yela ;
I was very unwell that day, e
lumbu kina kikedi biza ko yo
yela.
Uprightness, «., nsongi, 2.
(correctness), kosi, 6.
Urg-Vir
( 808 )
Urge ineffectually, v.t.^ kuza.
one not to carry out his intention,
v.t.^ kulula.
strongly, v.t., wondelela.
unpleasantly, 7/., sindikila.
Urinate, v., susa.
Use, something of no, //., ngofwila, 2.
(advantage), ;/., ndandu, 2.
be of no further, 7/., see funga, App.
for the first time, 7/./., sambula.
up, v.i., fanka.
it was of no use, coiij,^ nkaya-kaya.
Used to, to be or become, v.i.^ yu-
kwa; he was well used to
French, oyukilu kikilu e ki-
fwalansa.
Useful, «., -amfunii.
Useless, «., see -a Nzambi, App.
it is perfectly useless, rt<^7/.,velekela.
render, v.t., fwasa, bwangalakesa,
pangalakesa.
tough or hard & useless (with age),
be, v.i.^ kuva.
(waste), a., -angofwila.
Usual, a., kibeni ; usual dress,
mpwata kibeni.
Vaccinate, 7/./., nwata.
Vacillate, v., ntima (4, u-) tintama
or simpama ( Bako. ) <7rkokoma ;
kokomesa ntima.
Vacillation, n., kokoma, 9.
Vacuum, ;/., vela, 6.
Vagina, «,, nkenza, 2 (Bako.).
Vain, a., -avela.
fellow, ?/., mfwanti, 2.
all was in vain (in spite of all), conj.,
nkaya-kaya.
in (all to no purpose), adv., e ngO-
fwila.
Valley, broad & flat, n., evoka, 8.
Valuable (of high value), a., -amba-
ngadi.
Value, ;/., kimbalu, 5.
Vanish, v.i., vempoka.
Vapour bath, n., futwa, 6.
Vase, ;/., bungwa, 6.
Vault for temporary or special inter-
ment, v., ngunga, 2 ; see also
etekola, 8, App.
Vegetables (edible leaves), ;/.,mvudi,
4.
(garden produce), mpati {si7ig. 2) a,
nsengo.
Velvet, ;/., see mbumbulu, 2, App.
Verb, «., mpanga, 2.
Verge of a precipice, ??., lunenga-
nanu, 10.
Verse in which some passage occurs^
«., ezikila, 8.
Vertigo, ?/., nzieta, 4 ; nziezie, 4-
Very, be, ) ^^^ ^^^^ ^ j^^^^^ ^
Very, how, S
much (in no small degree), adv., ke
vevi ko.
Vestibule, ;/., mvita, 4-
Vexation, n., nkafi, 4 {generally
smg.).
Viceroy, n., nkumbi, 2.
Victory, »., nsundidi, 2.
get the, v., lunga [be in the right
(since might is right)] ; see also
conquer, App.
View of, block the, v., kika.
to have an unobstructed, mona e
mpenza (2).
Vigour, n., telamiana, 9 (ability to
move briskly),
reassume, ?/., sakumuka.
Vilify, v., yivisa.
Village, ;/., bwala, 13 (Nsundi) ;
mpata-vata, 2.
Villain, unscrupulous, n., ntwanga,
Villany, ;/., untwanga, 12.
Violence (force), ;/., balu, 12.
man of, n., mfunia, 2.
by unwarranted, adv., ye nkumbi
yo lulendo.
Violently, come, go, rush, of wind
or rain, v.i'., vikuka.
Virgin, ;/., mwenze, 3 ; ndnmba a
mwenze (pi. -a mienze) ; see
mwenze, App.
a., -amwenze.
Virginity, ;/., kindumba amwenze,
5.
^^^sciD mass, ;/., ediml)U, 8.
Vision, seeing, ;/., mbweno, 2.
wonderful, n., mona-meso, 6 ; ki-
mona-meso, 5.
in a vision, adv.^ e kimona-meso.
Visit, pay a visit to, v., kangadila,
kiyila.
(paid), //., nkangalu, 4.
Visitation (received), «., nkanga-
dilu, 4-
Void, a., -avela.
;/., vela, 6.
Volley, w., vumbi, 6.
Voluntarily, ad7/., kuna zolela.
Vow, ;/., nkanikinu, 4.
v., kanikina.
break a, 7/., fumba e ndofi (2).
Voyage (by ship), n., nsauka, 2.
w.
(809)
Vis-Wea
pu-
vo-
Wad, ;z., mbusia, 2 (P. buxa).
Waft up, away, vJ., pemona,
muna.
Wager, ;/., ntela, 2.
Wail (making a great noise), n.
diana, wodiana.
Waken, vJ., katumuna (Bako.).
Wale, n., nzila, 4 ; mvibu, 4-
Walk about, v., beba (Bako.), kiba
(Bako.), vema (Bako.) ; be-
Imbela.
catching hold of everything one
passes, as a baby, vJ., tamba-
la.
noiselessly, v.t., nianza, nienza.
be unable to walk, v., fwa busa
(12, Bako.) ; fwa e ekoka (8).
all-plate, n., mfumfula (4) a
yaka (6).
'ander about, v., vuvuta.
(prowl), vema, lasa.
Wanderer, «., ntungianu, 4.
Wandering, aimless, «., tungianu,
12.
Want, 7t., kondwa, 9 ; nkondwa, 2.
want to lay an egg or to go to stool,
v., vilwa.
Want, continued.
badly (miss), v., mona nzuwa (4)
or ntuka (4).
very much, v.t., ziotola.
but not have any chance of ol)-
taining, v., lS,lwa.
(seek), 7/./., sanda (Zombo).
Warm, be (of persons), v., yanga-
lala ; used also of warm^ fine
weather in the rainy seasons
[kuma (9) ku-] ; it is warm and
fine to-day, unu kuma
kuyangalele.
Warn, vJ., tumbulwila. lubula.
Warned, be, v., lubuka.
Warning (example), ;/., elongi, 8 (to
teach) ; sisa, 6 (cause fear).
Warped, to be, v., kandalala.
Was, were, luider to be ; see also adi,
App.
Wash very thoroughly, 7/./., venza.
and lay out the dead, 7/., sunga.
Wasp, mason, //., mbulu-ntente, 2.
Waste away (as in sickness), v.i.y
pala.
lay, 7/., funka.
(squander), 7/./., fumba.
a sheer waste, ;z., ngofwila, 2.
Wasted, wasteful, a., -angofwila.
Watch (look at), v., tadikila.
(guard), //., mayingila, pi. 8.
(with evil intent), 7/./., kondelela.
Watcher, watchman, n., nkawu, 2.
Water-lily, n., elanga, 8.
weed, «., maladi, pi. 8 (Bako.) ;
langi, 12.
Water-mark, high or low, ;;., see
zengo, 6, App.
Way of approach, ;/., mwalu, 3.
to have one's way, 7/., kutamina.
a long way off, adv., mu vala.
leave or make a way for, 7.'., sila e
nzila (2).
make, force a way (through), 7'.,
teta e nzila (2) (muna).
what a way to, kuna kwa mpila a — ;
what a remarkable way they
built it too ! kuna kwa mpila
a tunga batungidi yo.
Weak, a., -atontolo.
Wea-Whi
( 8io)
Weak, continued.
be, ?/., tova, yova, lewoka, leuka,
leoka, zewoka, lebangana.
Weak person «r thing, l^^^^^gj
Weakling, S
3 ; tontolo, 6.
Weakness, ;/., utontolo, 12 ; yoyelo,
6 ; eyovoka, 8.
Weal, w., nzila, 4 ; mvibu, 4.
Wear slowly away, v.i., komoka.
Wearied, be, v.i., lewoka, leoka,
leuka, zewoka, tova, yova.
Wearisome, be, v., tukumuka.
Weary, grow (of something), 7/., lu-
kwa moyo (3) ; tantwa e
mpasi (pi. 2) ; tukumukwa.
Weather, hot, ;/., kala, 6.
Weep bitterly, v.i , bokomoka, boko-
moka ye dilu.
profusely, 7/./., vosona or vongola
e kinsanga (5).
Weigh, 7/./., mika.
an anchor, 7/., vola e mbwa (2).
(a matter), 7/,, lamba, mika.
Weight, /z., nzu, 2.
(massiveness), ;/., silu, pi. 6.
dead weight, n.^ see nsinsi, 2, App.
Welcome of or by women, n.^ emi-
angana, 8.
gladly, 7/./., sakidila.
(receive well), toma tambula.
Well as possible, do as, t/., baba-
nisa ye (&c.) ; he built it as
well as he possibly could, oba-
banisi yo tuiiga.
do well (act properly), v.i.^ tomesa.
found, be, 7/./., koba.
done! wawete! j^^-awete, K.-Eng.,
App.
now, conj.., see mpangu, App.
then, conj.^ we kansi.
West, ;;., lumonso, 10.
What (I, &c.) is, muna ki ;
see kimona, kivova, kilembi,
kiwa, kimbalii, muna ki-,
App.
a (wonder, scorn or ridicule
implied), kuna kwa ; kadi
tu, kuna kwa — ; see also nki-
ngu, App. ; oh, what a house !
What, continued.
kuna kwa nzo or kadi tu,
kuna kwa nzo !
inter, pron., nabwe (Bako.).
Whatever, j«)r^;z., kana.
thing, kana lekwa.
Wheel, ;/., lungungu, 10.
tire of a wheel ; also the surface to
which the tire is applied, ;/.,
nkunkula, 4.
Wheeze, ?/./., twengenia, swengenia.
When...(/'/;;z^) had passed, adv.,
baka muna...i bosi ; when
three days had passed they
found him, baka muna Inmbu
tatu, i bosi bansolwele.
(while), adv.., wau.
Whenever (you, he, &c.) like, adv.,
kiekiele kaka ; come whenever
you like, kiekiele kaka wiza.
Wherefore, conj.^ diau vo, dianu
VO {no applied form needed)., vo
mona owu.
Whether... or, conj., okala VO...OVO.
even, co7ij., kana una, kana una
VO, kana nkutu.
While, adv., una, wau, wau ki-
(kolo understood) ; while the
men slept, wau kilele wantu.
for a while (at first), adv., oku ku- T
tukila. ■
a little while is expj-essed by the
diminutive form of the eleventh
derivative notm formed frofn
the predicate, thus : — when
they had been sitting a little
while, una bafongele kimfo-
nga-mfonga ; they went to eat
for a few minutes, bele dia ki-
ndia-ndia. N.B.— yVb article
is used before the diminutive.
Whim, ;;., ntiti, 4-
Whirl, «., nzieta, 4 ; nziezie, 4.
rapidly in the air (of something
great), vd., vikuka.
Whirlpool, //., kinziongololo, 5
(Bako.).
Whirlwind, «., kimbonga, 5.
Whispering, the sound of, ;/., viziku-
viziku, pi. 6.
( Sir )
W HI- Won
Whistle, w., miozi, pi. 3 (Bako.).
to whistle, v., to, miozi (Bako.), sika
e miozi.
(as wind among the branches of
trees), ?'./., pukuta.
wooden, «., nsiya, 2.
Whole, the, «., mviml)a, folloiving
the noun, Out luithoiit article or
prefix; I will buy the whole
piece, e tini mvimba nsumba
kio.
Wholeheartkdness, «., see etima,
App.
(diligence), Bungididi, 6.
(readiness), mvevo (4) a ntima (4).
Wholesale, adv., e bundu (6).
Whooping cough, n., kivunda, 5.
Why? inter. pron., wa edi?
inierj., anki ; why, here he is ! anki
olueke !
that is why, adiK, e nkete nki or
e bila kiaki {with the appl.
form).
Widen, v.i., sanzana.
Wife, 2, see nkama, 4, App.
the first a man marries, ;/., nkaza
(i) a toko (6).
demand a wife in the place of one
who has died, v.t..^ tomesa.
give a wife, as above, t/./., toma.
Wild (fierce), a., -ayezi.
WiLDNESs, //., kiezi, 5.
Wile (pretext), //., lumpeso, 10.
(stratagem), mana, pi. 7.
Wilfulness, «., nyenge-nyenge, 4.
obstinacy, nkumfu, 4.
Will (all in due co\.us€),futi(re, aux.
v., singa.
strong, ;/., kuzolela, 9.
(testament), n., nkanda (4) efwa (8).
(one's own inclination, way), kiaka-
nkamba, 5 ; they have left him
entirely to his own will, ba-
vwidi kunyambwila e kia-
kankamba.
Willed, be strong, 7/., kuzolela.
Willing, be (ready), v., vevola
ntima (4).
willing be, to , ?'., vevolwela
ntima.
WiLTER, ?/./., tukuka.
Win (in gambling), 7>.i., vola.
Wind the loose end of one's loin-cloth
round the waist, 7/./, kamina
or vinda nlele (4).
about, v.i., binduzioka.
strong, ;/., tembo, 6 (Bako.).
Winding, a., -ampiolo.
be, 7a/., viongoloka, vioteka.
make, v.t., viotakesa.
Windings about, «., mbindnzioka, 2.
Windmill (toy made of feathers on
a spindle), n., etita, 8.
Window, n., mbonani, 2.
WiNE-PREss, ;/., ekaminu (8) dia vi-
nyo (2).
Wire, «., nzwenge, 2.
Wish, n., nzola, 2.
(craving, taste), ;/,, kinzola-nzola, 5.
Wishful, be very, v., viangalwa or
zinwa moyo (3) or ntima (4)
moyo or ntima (u-) viangala
or zina; see also desire »S: App.
Witch-doctor, be instructed in the
art and mystery of, v.t., yilwa.
Withdraw from society, v., kuke-
ngesa irefi.).
unobserved, v., kuvava.
Wither, v.i., tukuka.
& dry up, v.i., wuminina.
Without, see ya, App.
Wits, u., mamoni, pi. 8.
have one's wits about one, v., yanza
(Bako.), luenga.
keep your wits about you, velesa-
velesa e ngangu zeno; see
velesa, App.
Woe, n., tatu, 6.
Woman, a young, //., nkento-nkento,
2 ; mwana (r) a nkento.
Womankind, ;;., kento, 6 ; woman-
kind and mankind (the whole
population) were assembled, e
kento ye kiakala balungwa
kwau.
Wonder, a, ;/., nkumbi, 4 ; nku-
ngulu, 4.
v., lembi-0 sivika; I wonder much
that you went, ndembi yo si-
vika e ngyenda wele.
WON-YOK ( 8
12 )
Wonder, cotitimced.
Would that — , conj., kele vo, kadi
at, v., kumuna.
kala or kele vo — with subj.
to utter a cry of, v.i., kululuka,
flit, indef.
kumba.
to God — , interj., e Nzambi kadi.
what — , v.i., see vuvana, App.
have to, see also under mbula, App.
whether, v., badika vo kana; he
Wound, n., ndwadi, 2 (cut).
wondered whether he will come,
Woven entire throughout, n., -anku-
obadikidi vo kana okwiza;
ba.
we wonder whether he is alive.
Wrangle, v., zekana, bambana.
tubadikanga vo kana wina
Wreck (destroy), v.t., bwangalakesa^
una. The simple ejaculation
pangalakesa.
in the first person is expressed
(devastate), fwantakesa.
by the interjectio?i wa kana ;
Wretch (bad man), n., baza, 6 ; tuzu^
I wonder whether we shall
6 ; tema, 6.
catch him, wa kana tuku-
Wretched, become, v.i., boloka.
mbaka.
Wretchedness, n., nkangu (4) a.
Wood, felled, n.^ see nsola, App.
ntima (4)
decayed piece of woodwork, n.,
Wriggle (as eels), v.i., votana.
ewombolo, 8 ; this is a rotten
crawl (as maggots), v.i., niongota^.
house, ewombolo dia nzo diadi.
niunguta (Bako.).
Woodpecker, n., mbobo (2) a nti (4).
Wrinkle, n., nswiku, ^.
Woof, ;z., nkayikwa, 2.
Write, v., vianga.
Work, v.t., sadika.
distinctly, v.t., tumbula soneka.
hard, n., mfuntu, 4.
Writhe (as eels), v.i., votana.
hard and as well as possible at, z'..
Writing, style of, n., esoneka, 8.
vangalela.
Wrong, n., vilwa, 12.
have a great deal of hard, z/.z"., fu-
Wrongful, a., -avilwa; see also-
tuka (Bako.), fnntuka.
-asungu, App.
quickly, briskly, v.t., salamiana.
(for nothing), a., -ankatu.
have the trouble of work in the
Wrongfully should be used adjec-
sun, v., wmtiwa mwini (3).
tivally : to suffer wrongfully, mona-
Working order, set in, v.t., lumpika.
e mpasi zankatu.
be, v.i., Inmpama.
Workman, skilled, clever, ;/., mfuzi,
2, App.
Y.
Worried, be, v.i., tuntana, tokama.
be, through having many duties,
Yeast, n., ebo, 8.
v.i., zumbuluka.
Yell, v.i., kaluluka, yabala.
Worry, v.t., tuntanisa, tokeka.
Yet, to be, v., kini, v. defective, perf.
(of business), //., lunznmbulu, 10.
only ; they have not yet come,
(care), n., songololo, 6.
ke bakini kwiza ko ; they are
Worse, become, v.i., see under voza ;
yet in the house, bakini knna
also vaza, App.
nzo.
Worship, place of, //., esambilu, 8.
(still), adv., yanginu, yakinu; see
Worth, ;/., kimbalu, 5.
oku mpe, App.
consider worth while, v., vevokwa
not yet, adv., yakinu ke...ko ; ka...
moyo (3).
ete ko (Bako.).
Worthy, be, v., fwanuka.
(in protesting), conj., watu.
of, v., fwanukina.
Yield (fruit), v.t., va {perf vene).
be, v., see fwanwa, App.
Yoke, n., vangu, 6.
( 8i3 )
You-Zea
>UNG man, fine, handsome, «., mvo-
yongo (4) a etoko.
l^young woman, mvoyongo a ndu-
mba.
Youngest, the, «., see nsakila, pi. 2,
App.
(child), a., -ansuka.
Youth (youthfulness), ;/., toko, 6.
of about 15 or 16 years of age,
luntoko-toko, 10.
Zeal, w., sungididi, 6 ; fululu, 6 ;
swi-swi, 6.
(passion), eketo, 8.
(wholehcartedness), etima, 8.
Zealous, be, ?'., sia e sungididi or
fululu; sungama, vela-vela,
sia e etima.
for, be, z/,, sia...e etima (8).
Advantage, n.^ ndandu, 2.
Bulk, «., evimbu, 8.
Catch, v., sec also batidila, App.
Champion, ;/., ebamba-ngolo, 8.
CHASiM, n., ngengengo, 2.
Cheat, vJ., vunina.
Commence, 7/./., toteka.
Decimal, w., desima, 2.
Face to face, adv.^ mambonani
(pl. 7).
Flesh (of the body), «., nitu, 2.
From. ..to... /Jr^^.,yamu...ya... {luith
future time 07ily) ; from age to
age (for ever) yamu mvu ya
mvu.
Lack of energy or diligence in one's
work or duty, n., lele, 6.
display such luck, v., sia e lele.
APPENDIX
TO
KONGO-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
N.B. — The sign + indicates that the word already appears in the Dictionary, but that which
follows is a further sense or usage of it.
-a, bearing the prefixes of scries ap-
plied to secondary adjectives is
used to introduce a noun in
apposition. It is really the a
which introduces the adjectival
clause, see pp. 561-2, the tioim
in apposition thtis appeaj-ing as
an adjectival clause : Nlemvo
wa ese andi (w' es' andi) a
Kikudi, Nlemvo, the father of
Kikudi; e diambu diadi dia-
mbote kikilu, dia ngiza andi,
it is a very good thing, his com-
ing ; ona tunina lukiilu, lua
luloloko lua masumu meto,
by whom we have redemption,
the forgiveness of our sins.
a- prefaced or pj^efixed to the second-
ary numerals in the singular,
one and the same, a single ;
zvhe?t expressing surprise, muna
lumbu akimosi, in the same
day or a single day ; muna nzo
ayimosi, in one single house.
in the sing, or pi., and in that case
preceded by -au, the same, iden-
tical, those very same. This
is a more correct spelling than
that given on p. 247 ; man
amamosi rather than mawa
a-, continued.
mamosi; diau adimosi kwa-
ndi, it is the same ; muna mvu
miau amimosi, during those
verysame years. The forms are
given in the table at the foot of
P' 573-
AAi-\-an impersonal defective verbal
particle, predicating a condition
tuhich 07ice existed but does so
no lojiger. When thus used
personality is expressed before
the noun ijidicating the condi-
tion by the pronominal pa?--
ticles following adi —
Sing. Pi.
Person I. i tu
„ II. u nu
The yd pers. sing, and pi. require
no such particle ; adi i fwa, I
was dead ; adi u muntu ambo-
te, you were once a good man ;
adi mpofo, he was once blind ;
adi tu akwa umvwama, we
were once rich ; adi nu mfu-
mu za nsi, you were once the
chiefs of the country ; adi abu-
ndu, they were once slaves ; e
nzila eyina adi nzila a Mbo-
ma, that used to be the road
to Mboma ; e nsi zau ezole adi
nsi zimosi, those two countries
were once one (united).
Adi-Bad
( 8i6)
adi becomes a defective verb by
receiving the same prefixes of
the first class as a verb in the
past tense, and so serves as an
alternative of the verb " to be "
in predicating a condition once
existing but no lo7iger so; was,
were once ; have, has, had
been but not now. The pre-
fixes of classes 2-1^ are seldom
so applied^ the impersonal form
is used instead ; kolo kingi
kiavioka twadi makangu, a
long while ago we were friends
(but not now).
-adi is used also as a defective aux.
verb in speaking of some event
which will surely come about,
and is translated by — should,
would ; ozeye wo kwandi se
wadi bakama, he knew that
he would be caught, adi thus
used indicates certainty; where
there is uncertaintyiik'Wdi would
be used ; vava -adi, while not,
before ; vava kadi fwa, before
he died.
Aka, adv., see kaka, App.
-aka, see under K App.
-akwa, of, when referring to a town
or locality. Jizu akwa Na-
zaret, Jesus of Nazareth ; aleke
akwa Kindinga, the Kindinga
children ; nkento akwa Ngo-
mbe, the Ngombe woman.
Ametiste, 2, ;/., amethyst.
Ana, a particle used where there is
hesitation in speech, real or
affected, as in English " er " ;
it is used also at the end of
clauses or sentences as a shapely
finish off; indeed, some speak-
ers at San Salvador will em-
ploy it every ^ or 6 words. No
meaning can be attached to it;
it is merely to fill the hiatus of
hesitancy, or an affected pom-
posity, and is little more than
a bad habit. Una tulneke ana
kun' evat' ana, twele ana ku
Ana, conti7iued.
lumbu ana, when we reached
"er" the town "er" we went
"er" to the chief's compound
" er."
Anazie, adv., see anizie, App.
Anga, ^^/{/'.^nga ; it is only used in
interrogative se?itences.
Anizie, adv., all round, on all sides ;
bezidi kunzieta anizie, they
surrounded him on every side.
Anki, ifiterj., why when used as an
inter j.; anki, olueke! why here
he is !
Are, 2, n., an are, 100 sq. metres.
-awa mosi, see a-, App.
2iW0W0, dem. and rel. pron., cl. i,pl.,
ind pos. einph., those, those
who, who, they.
Ba, 6, 71., a parallelogram, any pattern
of that shape, the pieces in a
patchwork quilt.
Ba, 6, n. (Bako.), a sting.
ba-, subj. (2r^ obj.pro7io7n., pref, 3 pers.
pi., cl. J, they ; see also the 3rd
table on p. 578 of the Grammar.
Baba, 6, 7t., an intense desire.
fwa e baba, to be intensely desirous.,
Babanisa, v., to do well, to do one's'
very best ; toma babanisa
vova, speak v/ell.
Babatu, 2, n. (P. .'), colourec
strips sewn on the end of
cloth.
Babidika, v.t., to cause to dry (as]
paint, mud, gum, &c.).
Babidila, v., to hold up the hand for
silence or to cause people to
abstain from approaching.
Babu, 6, n., a flat piece, a slab, a
tablet.
Babula, v.t., to roast.
Badika vo kana , v., to wonder
whether ; obadikidi vo
(8i7 )
liAD-IiAN-
Badika vo kana, continued.
kana wele, he wondered whe-
ther he was gone.
Badila, v.t., to scold, speak angrily to,
rebuke strongly.
Baika, v.i. (Bako.), to be, get, become
caught. This verb sen'es as
a middle voice t^/'baka, to catch
(as taika does of teka, to sell).
E nkombo ame ihaikidi kwa
ngo, my goat has been caught
by a leopard,
haika maketo, to get angry,
haika nkole, to get captured.
Baka e ntangwa (2), v., to have an
opportunity.
baka muna... i bosi, adv.^ when...
had passed, after, on ; baka
muna lumbu tatu i bosi ba-
nsolwele, after 3 days they
found him.
Baka, 6, n., explanation, sense, preface
(to a book).
Bakana, 7/., to get on, agree well to-
gether, to live in a state of har-
mony, concord and peace, be
on good terms.
Bakana, v.^ to catch up the other
(when one is following to catch
up someone) ; okalokala ba-
bakanini, at length the other
one caught up.
Bakila, ?/./., to sell (flesh) retail.
Bakilu, 6, ;/., a means of obtaining,
skill, ease, in getting or catching.
-abakuka,/.,strong,loud (of the voice).
Bakula e ndinga (2), 7/., to speak
with a long, strong voice, to
raise the voice.
Bakwila, v.t., to sell (flesh) retail.
Bala, v.t., to think.
Bala e kinsi (5), v.t.^ to kick.
Bala-bala, 6, 71. (Bako.), a child.
Balanganza ! interj., snap ! crack !
(as of a trigger).
Balu, 12, «., violence, force,
kuna bain, adv.^ by violence, force.
Balula, v.t., to reason, discuss point
by point ; also to bring out a
total of, to make an amount of;
Balula, continued.
ekwa obalwidi ? how much do-
you make it .''
Balumuna, t/./., to spread out.
Bamba, ?'., to hold out resolutely,,
to be very persistent in one's
opinion, be very opinionated.
Bambamena, ?/./., to be encumbered,
hindered (from something), to
be shut in or up, blocked, pre-
vented by something or some
circumstance.
Bambana, v. recip., to discuss to-
gether very obstinately, strongly,
to strive together in hot dis-
cussion.
Bambisisisa, v.t., cans, of bamba-
mena.
Bambukwa moyo (3), ^., to re-
member.
Bambnla moyo (3), v.t., to remind.
Banda, v.t. (Bako.)=wanda.
Bandama, ^'./.-fto be very hard of
hearing.
Bandama, t/./., to begin, commence.
Bandama, v.i.^ to be added further,
put on the top.
Bandana, v. recip., to beat or pound
at the same time in one mortar
{spoken only of 2 or more
people).
Bandika, v.t., to put on the top, to
add further.
Bandila, v.t., to stow, pack closely^
shake down closely.
Bandu, 2, n. (P. bando, gang), estate,
condition ; e bandu a toko i
kena, he is what you would
style a young man.
Banduka, v.i., to be tired of ; yaba-
nduka kunlonganga aka^
I am tired of teaching him.
Banga, 6, ?/. + a house having the
walls made of the mid ribs of
Raphia vinifera (ebanga). Trad-
ing factories are often so con-
structed ; heftce banga came to
be the name for plank houses
on the coast, or any attempt at
imitation of them by the natives.
3G
Ban-Bes
( 8i8 )
Bangala, v.i.^ to be excessively high
(of a price).
Bangala, \ vJ., to be tormented, in
Bangalala, f torment, tortured (in
hell).
Banganisa, vJ., to persecute, torment,
torture.
Bangazi, 6, n., a tyrannical, brutal
fellow, a tyrant.
Bangidika, v.t., to torment, torture.
Bangidika e ntalu (2), v., to raise a
price excessively.
Bangika, v.t., to torment, torture,
persecute.
Bangumuka, v.i., to come to the sur-
face of the earth.
Bangumuka, 7/./., to be added up.
Bangumuna, v.t.+io bring about a
radical, utter, change (in a man).
As this may be for good or bad,
it is necessary to state which,
unless the context makes it
clear.
"bangumuna se mbi (4), of persons,
or\ii (12), of Ihhtgs, to corrupt,
make bad.
"bangumuna se mote (3) or muntu
( I ) ambote, of persons, or lekwa
kiambote, of a thing, to bring
about a great change for the
good, greatly improve.
Bangumuna, v.t., to add up, take the
sum.
3anza, v.
ne banza vo, as though, as if, as
though (it) were.
Basia (P. basia), 2, ;/.
vana nkanda (4) a basia, to pre-
sent with one's freedom.
.^atakesa, v.t., to obtain further, get
...more.
Batakesa, v.t, to get, acquire, procure
some more.
Batalala, -z/.+to be low and spread-
ing, to be squat.
Batidila, v.t., to go at the proper time
and catch or meet (not at any
chance time).
Baya, 6, 7i. (P. taboa),a plate, slab (not
very large), a solid or entire
Baya, continued.
piece (not of wood, which would
be ebaya, 8).
Bayi, 2, n. (P. bainha), n., the border,
edging on a cloth.
bayi a kindele, the selvedge.
Baza, v.i., to scatter (of shot).
Baza, v.t., to scold.
Baza, 6, n., a very bad person, a
scoundrel, scamp, rascal, wretch,
brute.
Beba (Bako.), v.i., to walk about, stroll,
travel about, journey, swim {as
a fish), blow {as the wind).
Bebwa, v.i. (Solongo), to drift with
the current.
Befo, 6, ;/., a lip.
Bekenge, 6, n., anything very frail,
fragile, easily torn or broken,
very delicate.
Beko, 6, n., a separate, more private,
safe, place.
kuna beko, adv., privately, secretly.
vaheko, aside, separately.
-abeko, adj., apart, private, secret,
safe.
Bela, 6, n., a part, piece.
e bela-bela (6), adv., in pieces, to
pieces, to shreds ; kibakilu e
bela-bela, it is torn to pieces.
Belengenze, 6, ;/., something of pot-
tery ware or glass which is very
fragile, too slightly made.
Bemba, 6, //.-fa herd, drove.
Bemheka, v.t., to place in a handy
position, where things are well
to hand, heiice where any one
can get at or take them.
Bemhela, v.t., walk or stroll about.
Bembola, v.t., to despise, disesteem,
disrespect.
Bendomoka, v.i., to be crooked,
turned aside, perverted, changed
for bad.
Bendomona, v.t., to make crooked,
turn aside, pervert, change for
the bad, seduce, lead wrong.
Beril, 2, n., beryl.
Besama, v.i., to be in great numbers,
abound, be numerous, plentiful.
( 8i9)
Bes-Bok
Beseka, t/./., to cause to abound.
Seta, v.t., to exceed, surpass, do more
(in giving, working, &c.), have
more.
Betela,
i betela kiki, it is befitting, becom-
ing, this accords.
Biandungula, 6, ;/., sulphuretted
hydrogen, a very offensive
eructation.
Biangumuna, v.t., to seduce, draw
a\v:iy, induce another man's
wife to leave him,
Biaula,//. 5, ;/. (Bako.), noise, clamor,
row.
Bidi, 6, ;?., an abundance, a great
crowd, quantity, number, mass.
Bidikita, interj., the noise of gallop-
ing buffaloes, &c., or tramping
men.
Bietula,//. 5, n. (Bako.), chaff, banter.
Bila, 6, 71., reason, cause, purpose.
e bila, conj., because, for, so that.
e bila kiaki {luith applied forni\
therefore, that is why, for this
reason.
e bila ye ebandu, because, for this
reason.
ke bila ye ebandu ko, not without
cause or reason.
Bila, v.i. (Bako.), to boil. /2X ^ (fcC^j
Bilama, v. {mid. v. of bidika), to
abound, be abundant.
Biluka, v.i,, to be well conversant or
informed.^?;- acquainted (vvith =
ye or yo), to know well how
(to=yo), be well up (in=yo) ;
obilukidi ye Kifwalansa, he
was well up in French.
Biluluka, v.t., to be or turn red.
Bilungi, 2, jt. (Angola), the devil.
Bimba (e nzo), v., to tie closely to-
gether horizontal bamboo laths
on the inner part of the walls
of a house.
Bimbakana, v., to embrace.
Bimuka, v.i., to be heavily laden dis-
burdened.
Bimuna, v.t., to load heavily.
Bindakana (kwa), t/.z.+to be under
Bindakana (kwa); continued.
great obligations (to), be much
obliged, to have some matter
or business which "one feels
under obligation to give prior
attention.
-abindama, a., important, indispens-
ible.
Bindama,-)-^'./., to change, alter, be
different, &c., of a palaver or
language only ; e ndinga au
ibindamene, their language is
different, i.e., is locked up, ob-
scure; e diambu se dibindama,
the palaver takes a different
form, assumes a different as-
pect.
Bindamwa, v.i., to be in fix through — ,
to be unable to — , to have in-
curred responsibilities which it
is impossible to perform.
Bindumuka, > v., to take
Bindumuka e ndofi (2), ) an oath,
to swear.
Binduzioka, v.i., to wind about.
Biondomoka, 7'./.=beiidomoka, App.
Biondomona, 7'./.=bendomona, App.
Bita, 2, n. (P. bento, /loly), a mark of
of a cross.
Biza,
ke biza ko, what a lot there was,
&c. ! e nti, ke biza ko, what
a lot of trees there are.
ke kala or -ina biza ko yo (<S:c.),
followed by an infinitive or ab-
stract notui, how very , was
...not ; ke kikedi biza ko
yo nene, how very big it was,
what a great thing it was.
ke kala or -ina biza ko yo yela,
to be very ill ^r unwell ; kakedi
biza ko yo yela, he was very
far from well ; how ill he was.
Bobalala, v.i. (Bako.)=zowalala.
bobo (Bako.)=W0W0.
Bobobo, 6, n., cruelty (in beating only).
Bokelesa, v.t., to call for (something
to be brought, or people, «S:c.,
to come).
Boko, 6, «., a cry, shout.
BOK-BUK
( 820 )
Bokola, v.i., to be pendulous, hang
down low (of the breasts).
Bokomoka ye dilu, v.i.^ to weep bit-
terly.
e bokoto {j>L 6), adv.^ in a very offen-
sive, stinking condition.
Bolama, v.i.^ to stand upon its or one's
head or hang head downwards,
hang down.
Boleka, v.t., to stand (a thing) head
downwards or upon its head.
Boloka, 7/.z.-f to become filthy, abject,
wretched.
Bolola, 7/. A 4- defile, degrade.
Boma, 12, n. (Bako.), fear.
Boma, v.t. (Bako.)— bama.
Boma, v.i.^ to burn, be burnt ; also
to be well cooked, not burnt or
underdone.
Bombola, v.t.^ to put on an edging.
Bomona, v.t., to bum up, burn to
ashes.
Bonda v. (Bako,), to soothe (a child).
Bondo, 6, «., a plumed tuft.
Bosalala, v.i.., to be absolutely in sub-
jection, be governed with a firm
hand.
Boselela, v.t. {root, bosa, to crush).,
to exercise lordship over, have
dominion over, exercise the su-
preme power over, govern or
rule with a firm hand.
Bosi, adv.., just ; bosi kakwiza, he
has just come.
i bosi se, now at length, now at last.
Boteka, v.t.., to plunge the head into
water.
Botoka, v.t. (Mboma) =katuka, p. 290.
Bu, 6, «., a service rendered which is
to be repaid in kind ; thus if a
friend helps a woman to hoe an
acre of ground, she owes a debt
of service until she has helped
her helper to hoe another acre
of hers ; nza vati e bu kiame
Tinu, come and do a bit of
hoeing in my field to-day, I
will do the same for you an-
other day ; ngyele fuka e nzo
andi e. bu, I went and roofed
Bu, contmited.
his house on the understanding
that he would do the same for
me.
bu-, prefix applied by the Bakonc^o to
nouns dr' concording words of
classes it. sing, and pi. ^ 13
sing.
bu (Bako.)=owu or wau.
Buba, v.i. (Bako.)=bufa (App.)
Bubalala, vd.., to lie (of something
great).
Bubalala, v.i.., to be dark, benighted,
ignorant.
Bubi, 12, n. (Bako.)=bi, wiyi.
Bubidi, 6, «,, darkness (mental), ig-
norance, secrecy.
Oku bubidi, adv.^ in the dark (con-
cerning a matter), without know-
ledge, in secrecy, secretly, co-
vertly.
Bubidika, v.t., to put or lay down (of
something great).
Bubidika, v.t., to darken, render dark,
benighted, ignorant.
Bubika, v.t., to curve (the legs) beside
one in sitting on the ground.
Bubumuka, v.i., to escape secretly,
to run away without letting any
one know of one's intentions so
as to avoid some evil.
Budidisa, vd., to frustrate.
Budikila, v.i., to be about to do or
accomplish, but have something
come to prevent it, be frus-
trated ; mvovo ubudikidi,
(I was going to say so, but)
something occurred to prevent
the expression.
Budikila, vd., to have the water flow
in through the walls during a
storm ; e nzo ame ibudikidi,the
water is coming into my house.
Bufa, vJ., to lower (a price), to sell at
a low (price),
Bufu-bufu, 12, ;;., bluntness.
Buka, vd., to have... flowing, to flow
with ; e disli diandi dibukidi
menga, blood was flowing
from his eye.
(821 )
BUK-BUW
ika muna, ^'.^, to flow from.
Buka, v.i.^ to come in a great crowd.
Buka, v.t.^ to scratch the surface of
the ground with a hoc.
Bukalala, v.i.^ to cast oneself upon
one's face, to fall on one's face
(intentionally), be turned face
or mouth (of a jug, &C.) down-
wards.
Bukalala, v.t. (Bako.), to make use of
obscene execrations.
Bukamena, vJ.^ to envelop, enshroud
(as darkness, ignorance, &c.).
bukamena e futwa ('6), to take a
steam, vapour bath.
Bukidika, v.t.^ to put down face or
mouth downwards, put (a tum-
bler, &c.) upside down.
Bukolo, 12, //,, (Bako.), disobedience.
Bukwila, -z/.z., to sell (liquids) retail.
Bula e eyanga (8), -t/., commit an
offence.
e bula-kati, adv.^ equally (of division),
in half.
Bulana, v.i.^ to be divided, in a state
of division, be divided into par-
ties.
Bululula, v.t.^ to divide up again.
Buma, v.t.^ to smite or strike with
something great or sickness ;
umbumini o yela, he smote
him with sickness.
Bumba, v.t.^ to take or seize by force.
Bumbula, •zaz., to grope about (in the
dark or as a blind man).
Bumi, 12, n. (Bako.), fish poison =
wimi.
Bumvalala, v.i.^ to be protuberant (of
the forehead, lips, &c.).
Bunda, 6, ;/., a partnership in trapping.
leka e bunda (yo), v., to enter into
such a partnership (with).
Bunda, v.t.^ to make a slave raid, to
raid for slaves.
Bunda e vuvu (6), z/., to impose con-
fidence, trust.
ke -bundwanga vuvu ko, /., uncer-
tain, untrustworthy.
Bunda - mpambu, 6, ;/., the point
where two roads branch off;
Bunda-mpambu, continued.
vana bunda-mpambu twele
kunkika, wc went to meet him
where the road branches.
Bundamena, ?'./., to mass together
for, against, to club together
for, unite for (some purpose),
attack in force.
Bundana e vuvu (6), ?'., to have mu-
tual confidence, trust.
e bundu (6), adv., all together, all put
together, in bulk, wholesale.
Bundukina, v.i., to be a slave of, to,
or through.
e bundukutu, adv., in a very dusty
state.
Bundumuka, v.i., to be diffused (of
an odour).
Bundumuna e nsunga (2), v., to cause
an odour to ditfuse itself.
Bunga, Z/./.+ destroy.
Bunga, 12, n. (Bako.)=:nya, App.
Bunga, v.t. (Bako.), to give, bestow,
used only in a complaint that
a thing is not given ; kumbu-
ngidi ma nkutu ko, you did
not give me anything (waste a
thing on me).
Bungu, 8, 7/. (Bako,), reason, motive =
ebungwa, App.
nkia bungu (Bako.), why, for what
reason.
Bungula, v.t.-\-\o pour forth, shed
forth.
Bungwa, 6, «., a vase, jar, pot.
Buni (Bako.), conj., then, well then ;
buni twenda kweto, let us go
then.
Bunkiita 12, n. (Bako.), fear.
Busa, 12, n. (Bako.), inability to walk
or use one's legs at all.
fwa busa, to be unable to walk, to
be very backward in walking.
Butika nua (4), v., to be silenced.
Butukulu, 6, «., a sphere, anything
spherical.
Butukulu, 6, n. (Bako.), the nature,
natural condition or habit.
Buwa ntima (4), v.i., to relax one's
hardness, quarrelsomeness,
BUW-DIA!
( 822 )
Buwa ntima, continued.
sternness, severity, become
agreeable.
Buzie, 12, n. (Bako.), littleness, the
being too small.
-abuzie, a. (Bako.), small, too small.
Bwakuku, 6, «., the fungus of dry rot,
also that which destroys the
palm-tree.
Bwala, 13, n. (Nsundi), town, village.
Bwanduka, 7/.z.=baiiduka.
Bwangalakesa, v.t.^ to destroy, ren-
der useless, nullify, spoil, wreck.
Bwanguna, v.t., to cut off a piece, di-
vide by cutting right through,
seldom tcsed of aiiythiiig which
is not hollow.
Bwasumuna, v.t., to talk on endlessly,
expatiate.
Bwazi, 12, Jt. (Bako.)=wazi.
Bwe, 6, 71., one who falls.
bwe kia malavu (8//.), a wretched
drunkard, a slave to drink.
Bwembwena, v.i., to be in great num-
bers, abound, be numerous,
plentiful.
Bwidila, v.t. (Bako.), to fall upon,
pounce, seize upon.
Bwimi, 12, ;/. (Bako.), meanness,
stinginess.
Bwita, v.i.
ntima (4, u-) bwita, to have one's
thirst slaked.
Bwitalala, v.i., to be darkened, be-
come, made dark.
Bwiti, 12, n. (Bako.), honey.
Bwitidika, v.t., to darken, make dark.
Bwitidilwa, v.i., to be benighted, be-
lated.
Bwivi, 12, ;/. (Bako.)^wivi.
D.
Danda, v.i., to be full.
Dandisa, v.t., to fill.
Dasanana, v.i., to be satisfied, sati-
ated.
Dasidika, v.t., to satisfy.
e de (6), adiK, just the same=dedede,
p. 259.
Debola, v.t., to take a very little at a
time.
Dedangana, v.i., to be jerked.
Dedangesa, v.t., to jerk.
Deka-, 10 of the standards of measure-
ment {e.g. dekameta— deca-
meter =10 metres).
Deka, v.i., to come out, rise, of the
stars, shine as a spark, sparkle ;
used only of small points of
light.
Dekola, 7/. + to take a very little (of
anything) at a time.
Dekozioka, v.i., to be constantly
nibbled.
malu se dekozioka, the feeling of
cramp, weakness, &c., in the
legs after a long sickness is
thus expressed : the legs are
being nibbled.
Desi-, the tenth part of the standards
of measurement {e.g., desimeta
= decimetre = yo of a metre;.
Desima, 2, n., a decimal,
di-, see note at commencement of E,
App.
-^-^ formative prefix of the reflexive
form in all tenses.
Nzambi wadikalanga kuna ezu-
lu, God is in heaven,
-adi, v., defective ; see tinder A.
edi -ina diau, this is (my) opinion,
(I) think that.
edi Tina diau ? do you think then ?
edi-...VO, prcf applied to pers. pro-
nouns, ediame, ediau, &c. I,
they, &c., thought that ; edieto
vo bakama tubakama, we
thought that we should be
caught.
edi ndenda kuvangila aka didi,
this is all that I can do for you.
Diabonda, 7, n., sweetheart,
Diadi dina vo, co7tj., since, forasmuch
as.
ediaka mpe, conj., then too.
ye diaka diaka, cojij., again (in a
taka mpe, continued.
discourse), in the next place,
secondly, & further. When used
suspiciously and interroga-
tively, what then ? what lies
behind all this ?
Diambu, 7, ;z., + opinion.
e diambu -ina diau, this is (my)
opinion.
i diambu didi ngina dian, this is
my opinion.
e diambu yamu ludi, it is quite
clear, it is very certain, true in-
deed it was, it was only too
true.
omu diambu oko walekela, a re-
spectful preamble for the com-
mencement of an address.
landa mambu {j)l. 7), ^., to tor-
ture.
mambu, nkama ya nsambu a
mbumba, the countless things.
kosi, kutatu ; ova kati e diambu
dina ko (proverb), there must
be some reason for all this ;
///. one & three, but there is
something between.
Dianu VO, conj., therefore. ( The ap-
plied form is not required when
dianu or diau is thus combined
ivith VO.)
Diatidila, v., to ram tightly (by any
means).
Diau vo= dianu vo, App.
Diawa dimosi, see -a, App.
Dia-yuma, 6, n., a great eater, a glut-
ton.
Diba, 6, n. (Bako.)-=diya.
Didima, v.i., to thunder, make a thun-
dering noise.
Diekomoka, v.i., to laugh heartily.
Diela, 7, n., cunning, cleverness,
sense ; intelligence, mind.
Diele {pres. per/, of kwenda-f-/r^
of cl. 7 sing.).
diele e kieleka vo, of a truth, truly,
it is indeed true that.
Dika, 7/./., to ingraft {the object of the
verb is the scion, not the tree ;
see dikila, App.
( 823)
DiA-DiN
Dikalala, 7/./., to be in a state of per-
fect silence & stillness, be stag-
nant.
Dikaya, 7, n., old & sour palm wine.
Diki {pi. meki), 7, ;/. (Kib.),an egg.
Dikila, ^'./., to graft a scion into a
tree {the object of the verb is
the tree, 7iot the scion ; see
dika, App.).
Dikita, 7/./., to run (of something
great).
Dikula, 7',/., to reckon, calculate,
think over, put all the facts to-
gether, give full consideration.
Dikulula, 7/./., to feed over again, to
graft in again ; see dika, App.
Dikumuka, v.i., to start up or off,
rush away, be frightened & run
away, be aroused or awake with
a start, be startled.
ntima (4, u-) dikumuka, a slight
spasm of the heart (supposed to
be the result of being mentioned
by some one far away).
Dikumuna, v.t.^ to startle &: cause to
run, waken with a start.
Dilwa, 6, n., tasty stuff to eat with
one's bread or kwanga, whether
meat or vegetable.
Dima, pi. 6, ;;., stain, dye, colouring
matter, ink.
Dima, 7/./., to catch hold of.
Dima, 7/./., borrow at interest.
Dimbu, 6, ;/.
sia e dimbu, 7'., to take note of
(mentally).
Dimbuna, v.t., to choose, select.
Dimisa, v.t., lend at interest.
Dimuna kintodi (5) (Kib.), 7/., to kill
& pour the blood of a human
victim over a corpse.
Dindusu, 7,;/. (Bako.), lumps in farin-
aceous food.
Ding^ka, v.t., to restrain, keep still,
delay, check, impede, stop.
Ding^ndu, 7, ;/., a muscular fellow,
also a species of hornet which
does not sting (?)
Dinsiensia, 7, n. (P. licen?a), per-
mission, excuse me !
Din-Ebo
( 824 )
Dinsunga-nsunga, 7, '^m something
having a perfume, a perfumed
oil, Slc.
Dio-dio, 6, ;i., hunger which seems in-
satiable.
Dionga, 7>J., to peer (into, over,
under, &c.).
Dionso, 7, u., the least particle, bit,
the least or faintest trace ; kana
dionso nkutn ke bezidi diau
ko, they did not bring the least
particle of it ;
ke bena ya dionso dia wonga ko,
they have no fear at all.
Dituka, 7AZ., to make a noise as of a
free fight.
nkindu (2, i-) dituka, to break out
into a free fight.
Do ! inierj., I pray you ! please ! I
beseech you.
Dodokolo di- (-aku, &c.), if (you)
please.
Dokalala, ?'./., to be persistent in, to
continue doggedly.
Dokama, v.t., to begin, commence.
Dole, 6, 71. (Makuta) = dwele (App.).
e dudulu (6), adv., with a fat belly, of
living creatures otily.
Duduna, v.t..^ to pull & snap in two.
Duka, v.t.., to be exceedingly abusive,
execrate strongly, swear at.
Duka, 7'.z'., to protrude, stick out.
nua (4) aduka, n., a prognathous
jaw.
Duku, 6, «., a small drum having a
diaphragm on each end, &
played during the wailing for
the dead.
Dukula, v.i.., to move (of the fetus in
utero).
Dumbalala, ) 6, «., a girl, young mai-
Dumbelele, \ den.
Dumuka, v.i., to fly, jump.
Dungiana, v.i., to be in a stupid con-
dition, either through drink or
severe sickness.
Duvula, v.t., to abuse foully.
Owele, 6, n., a siluroid fish living in
muddy lakelets & swamps ; also
an undersized child.
E.
e-, the Bakongo & others often drop
the prefix e from nouns in e ;
between Matadi & Lukunga it
is often replaced by di- ; evata,
vata, divata.
Ebala, 8, n., a large squirrel having a
striped back, eyes large, tail
slightly bushy, white belly.
Ebamba-ngolo, 8, n., a brave, a cham-
pion, a warrior.
Ebanda, 8, n., reason, cause, purpose.
{Seldom tcsed) see bila & eya-
ndu. Eyandu is a far more
cojHinon form.
Ebanga, 8, n., a large mid rib of
raphia vinifera palm, "bam-
boo."
EbangU, 8, n., a way or style of mak-
ing things.
Ebantiku, 8, ;/., the point from which
something was commenced.
Ebefele, 8, ;/., a seed husk, unbroken
but empty through atrophy.
Ebembele, 8, n., a piece, fragment.
Ebembia, 8, n., a great patch of
jungle left unburnt.
Ebese, S, «., a plaited cord (of palm
frondlets, &c.).
Ebidi, 8, n., an abundance, a great
crowd, quantity, number, mass,
the many, the greater part.
Ebiki, 8, «., earnestness, keenness, ex-
ceeding greatness (of desire
for), intensity (of longing or
love), the radical idea beitig a
sense of the exceeding great-
ness of something, hetice in-
tense desire for it : muna
ebiki dia nzola audi, through
the greatness of his love.
Ebindika, 8, ;/., the manner of locking
or steering.
Ebindiku, 8, n., locking, steering;
ebindiku dia nzaza ke dia-
mbu diandwelo ko, the steering
of a ship is no small matter.
Ebo, 8, ;/., sediment, floating scum,
( 825 )
Ebo-Efw
Ebo, continued.
cream, yeast.
Ebobolo, 8, //. = ebululu, App.
Eboko, 8, «., a camp, a regular rest-
ing-place for travellers, a place
in a town where a daily market
is held ; the town square or
" palaver place."
-eboko, a. {from bokola, see p. 254).
nkombo (2) a maboko, the goat
presented in token of submis-
sion,
vana e nkombo a maboko, v., to
treat for peace.
Ebolo, 8, «., the uncircumcised organ.
Ebu, 8, ti.
zinga e ebu, ?'., to pass over some
breach of discipline or wrong,
in hope that it will not be again
committed, with the intention
that should it recur, this pre-
vious case should be punished.
Ebu (Bako.) = owu.
Ebubulu, 8, «., an unripe or blighted
calabash, a stupid fellow, a fool,
a great hulk of a fellow.
-ebubulu, a., foolish, stupid,
Ebumba, 8, ;/. = ebuiida, App.
Ebumbu (8) dia ebumbu, n., perfect
ignorance.
Ebunda, 8, ;/., a bundle of "medi-
cine " (fetish) ; see mfula, App.
Ebunda (8) dia kulu (9),??., the thigh.
Ebunda-vumu, 8, «., profit in trade.
Ebungwa, 8, «,, excuse, subterfuge,
something to say for oneself
(generally untrue <7ra mis-state-
ment ; also reason, cause, used
as kuma (6).
vala mabungwa, v., to make an
excuse, to concoct some story
in excuse, to make a defence.
Ebwe (Bako.)=aweyi.
Ebwengelekete, 8, «., clod, lump,
crystal (of salt), grain (of sand).
Ebwese, 8, ;/-, one of 3 i?r 4 rows of
laths in the finishing lines of
the wall of a house.
Ebwila, 8, «., an alluvial plain.
Edia, 8, «., food stuff, food generally.
Edia, continued.
edia dia nsi eto diakaka, the
food of our country is different.
-edienga, a.^ acceptable, much to be
desired.
e edikiadv.(/'rom dikalala), still, quiet,
-ediki, a., still, quiet.
fuku (13) wediki, in the still
hush of night, when all are
hushed ; very late at night, in
the middle of the night.
tombe (6) kiediki, still, hushed,
darkness.
Edilu, 8, ;/. {generally pi.), a feeding
ground, a place where people
or animals feed.
Edimbu, 8, w.+a viscid mass (as of
half melted glue, metal, glass,
&c.).
Ediongi, 8, ;/., the very centre, the far
interior.
Edunia, 8, ;z., a stupid fellow, a fool.
Efingidikiti, 8, ;/., the stomach of a
nsizi or rat.
Efongo, 8, ;/., a flat place.
Efuba, 8, n., the green fruit of a tree,
the fruit of which reddens when
ripe, an unripe fruit of such
tree.
Efubu (8) dia munse (3) «., a soft
immature sugar cane.
Efula, S, ;/.
mona mafula, v., to be regular as
regards one's bowels.
Efuluta, 8, n., fury, rage.
Efunda, 8, n. -f a bundle, hence a bun-
dle of 1,000 ; a thousand.
Efuta, 8, ;z., the payment, the sum or
price paid.
Efwafwa, 8, n., that which comes to
one by birthright, inheritance,
portion (not necessarily coming
through the death of another).
vwa e efwafwa, v., to inherit.
Efwatakala, 8, n., a species of grass,
the blades of which are covered
with a long, soft down.
Efwe, 8, ;/., a plot of ground.
Efweke, 8, n., one who is utterly
stupid.
Efw-Eko
( 826 )
Efwema, 8, ;/. (Bako.), offence (taken),
annoyance, anger.
baka efwema, v., to take offence, be
offended, become angry.
Efwenka, 8, ;?., friction, intense irrita-
tion, an overmastering passion,
malignity, malice, bitter hate,
sia e efwenka, ?'., to be in a state
of friction, to feel maliciously
towards, hate, abandon one's-
self to passion about.
Efwenka-fwenka, 8, ?/., a monster, a
very large specimen (of chil-
dren, cubs, &c.).
Efwese-fwese (8) dia— , n., loose
(earth or sand).
efwese-fwese diadi dia esenge ke
disimakananga tungwa ya
nzo ko, you cannot set the up-
rights of a house in this loose
sand.
-eka V. dcf., pres. indef. indie, only
(Bako.), to be.
kuna nsi etu mambu mengi me-
ka, bubi bweka kaka, there
are many palavers in our dis-
trict, always wickedness.
Ekabu, 8, ;/., a free gift.
Ekabu, 8, ;/., a greedy, avaricious per-
son.
Ekabu, 8, //., a man of immense
strength.
Ekalamanga, 8, ?/., a very large dog
or any carnivorous animal.
Ekami, 8, ?/., an obligation to, a ne-
cessity ; e ekami ngina diau
dia kwenda, I must go, I am
obliged to go.
sia e ekami (dia), v., to be very
determined (to), make a very
strong resolution (to).
Ekaminu, 8, ;/., a pressing place,
ekaminu dia vinyo, a wine press.
Ekanda, 8, ;;., the key-note in music.
EkangU, 8, //., a covenant, agreement,
bond.
Ekani, 8, «., intention, purpose, reso-
lution, idea, thought, plot.
sia e ekani, v., to plot, devise
against.
Ekasa, 8, ?z„ a squirrel.
Ekati, 8, ;/., the inward parts, the in-
terior of the whole body, intes-
tines, bowels.
Ekau, 8, ;z., a portion, share, an allot-
ment, portion contributed, con-
tribution.
Ekaya, 8, ;z., a greeting, salutation.
ekaya -kika dia..., to greet with
the news that... ; ekaya ba-
nkikidi dia mwana andi
OVUtukidi, they greeted him
with the news that his boy had
returned.
Ekembo, 8, ;/., pleasure, the sense of
pleasure, joy, delight ; nkembo
is the experience, ekembo is
the condition which makes it
possible {see ewete, App.).
Eketo, 8, n., an intense desire after, a
mad craving after, lust, passion,
zeal ; eketo dia maza kena
dian, he is mad for water.
Ekitu, 8, 7/., metamorphosis, change,
altered appearance, transfigura-
tion.
Ekobe, 8, ;/., a very powerfully-built
man or carnivorous animal.
Ekoka, 8, n.
fwa e ekoka, ?'., to be unable to
walk, very backward in learning
to walk.
Ekolo, 8, ;/., the shank or shin, hence^
vana ekolo dia, from beside, from
or at the feet of (of persons
only).
Ekolo, 8, «., a knot [a register of
time (kolo), being often marked
by knots].
Ekombe, 8, «., a long stretch of pla-
teau or ridge.
Ekomongo, 8, n., dyspnoea, painful
breathing.
Ekonde, 8, n. (P. conde), the knave
(in cards).
Ekondeka, ) 8, n. {generally pi. \ cun-
Ekoneka, ) ning, craft, stratagem.
Ekonge, 8, «., the handle of a cup,
mug, (S:c.
Ekongo diangani, 8, ?/., the Congo
(827 )
Eko-Em".
Ekongo diangani, continued.
Free State, Atat Ind^endant
du Congo.
mwisi Ekongo diangani, an in-
habitant of the Congo Free
State.
Ekongwankela, 8, n., a piece of fur-
nace slag or hard pieces of iron
ore which present the appear-
ance of furnace slag.
Ekono, 8, ;;., a point reached in a dis-
cussion, one item out of many
to be touched upon, a head in
a discourse or debate, a chap-
ter in a book, a paragraph.
Ekova, 8, ;/. (Mpa.), the navel.
EktO- (Fr. hecto), loo of the stan-
dards of measurement {e.g.
ektometa = hectometre, = loo
metres).
Ekulu, 8, ;/., the most ancient times,
the earliest ages.
Ekumba, 8, ;/., a protruding navel.
Ekumbu, 8, «., noise, roar, roaring of
waves.
Ekuminu, 8, «., a stop, a point of
punctuation.
Ekunda, 8, n., a self-sown plant.
Ekunkwa, 8,«., cone, something coni-
cal, a conical stool of earthen-
ware ; hence, a point, headland,
cape, promontory.
Ekuti, -x ;/., 8, a group, gather-
Ekutu, I ing, cluster, flock,
Ekutu-kutu, J herd, crowd.
Ekutuwa, 8, n., a coat, jacket.
Ekuzuka, 8, n., a transgression.
Ekwa, 8, «., how many ? what num-
ber {treated as a 7toini as fol-
lows) : —
ekwa disidi, how many are left ?
ekwa-ekwa, inter, pron.^ how
many each ?
Ekwa (8) dia nzazi (2), ?;., tiny scales
of mica.
Ekwe, interj., oh ! oh that {regret) !
ekwe kala vo nsumbidi kio,
oh ! that I had bought it^
Ekwende, 8, «.
makwende, //., .s|?e,p-5ickness.
Elambi-lambi, 8, «., the unrcasoninj;
imitation of others, the habit of
following the fashion or ex-
example of others, following
like sheep through a gap.
kwenda e elambi-lambi, to follow
the fashion, do what we see
others do, whether good, bad
or indifferent ; to follow like
sheep through a gap.
Elambu, 8, w., a feast.
Elanga, 8, «., a large, broad hoe.
Elalangoma, 8, ;/., a flat thing or
place.
-elalangoma, a., flat, even at the top.
Elaza, 8, //.
mBl^za,, pi. only, empty talk, sense-
less rubbish.
Ele=tu (the particle), sec p. 433 &
App.
-ele, />erf. of kwenda, to go.
Elei, 3, //. (P. rei), the king (in cards).
Eleko, 8, «., a chord of music. The
following are the names of the
ivory horns set to the common
chord : —
mi', luenze, 10.
do', sengele, 6.
sol, ngandu, 2.
mi, evula, 8.
do, koka-titi, 6.
the sound of the key-note, ekanda,
8.
Elemba, 8, «., the charm referred to
under lemba, App.
ese dia elemba, the man who is to
be regarded as the father of one
who has been initiated into
ndembo.
nganga (2) a elemba, the doctor of
elemba.
Elembe, S,n.
About or until the years 1860-1865,
elembe was a word which filled
all who heard it with fear. The
cry of "elembe edio" would
stop a caravan of traders, &
make them submit to capture
or death without a struggle. It
Ele-Eni
( 828 )
Elembe, continued.
horror, such as witchcraft, which
no one understands & every-
one believes in ; so the cry of
elembe paralysed the hearers,
&. prevented all resistance. It
is difficult to understand why
the word had such an effect, but
so notorious is it that the time
when it became the means of
much wrong &; abuse is spoken
of as the tandu kia elembe.
Such crazes are not uncommon ;
see kiyoka, kinyambi, App.
Elemena, 8, //., a great desire, liking
or taste.
elemena diamaza, a burning thirst,
elemena dia nsafu, a great liking
for nsafu.
Elengo, 8, w. + the resinous sap of the
elengo or lengo-lengo tree, used
as medicine for " craw-craw."
It has a very powerful smell
when burnt, & burns fiercely ;
Jiejtce as an equivaletit for sul-
phur, brimstone.
Elenzi, 8, //., the loathing of food after
over-feeding {see lenza) ; see
also lenzi, App.
Eleza, 8, ;/., a lazy fellow.
-eleza, a.^ lazy.
Elezi-lezi, 8, «., brilliance, brightness,
splendour.
-elezi-lezi, a., gleaming, shining with
splendour, brilliant.
Elolo (8) dia mputu, «., custard or
sweet apple.
Elonda, 8, «., reason, purpose, cause.
e elonda, why .? for what reason or
purpose ? because, for the rea-
son that.
i elonda didi(wzM appl.form), this
is why, this is the reason, this
is how it is.
Elongi, 8, ;/., a lesson, example, warn-
ing, discipline, chastening ; ba-
nsidi se elongi, they made an
example of him.
vana e elongi, v.^ to comfort,
console. When any one has
Elongi, continued.
been bereaved, after some 4
or 5 days have elapsed, the
friends meet to console him,
vana e elongi. They render
thanks that he has so far re-
covered from his grief as to
come out of his house to receive
them ; he then returns thanks
to them for bringing wine, &
coming to fetch him out of the
house & away from his grief,
adding, ntondele kwame own
nuvangidi yeno, kitondele wo
ko own kavangidi mbeni,
wa Nkadi-ampemba, I am
thankful to you for what you
have done, but not for what the
adversary, the devil, has done.
ElongO, 8, n. -+- the place in the
" bush " where a " mystery " or
"rite" is performed, which the
natives affirm is hke or identi-
cal with circumcision.
Elu(Bako.) = olu.
Eluema, 8, ;/., desire, longing.
Elunga, 8, ;/., mid-day, arrival at the
zenith.
Elusa, 8, «., a great appreciation of
something, hence an earnestness
of endeavour to obtain it, zeal,
so greediness.
Elusu, 8, «., the larger pieces which
are imperfectly crushed, ground
or pounded in such processes.
Ema (Bako.)=oma.
Emeraude, 2, «., emerald.
Emiangana, 8, «., a welcome, greet-
ing of or by women, "tumia-
ngana."
Emoni, 8, n.
mamoni, pL, wits, sense, genius,
head.
Emu (Bako.)=omu.
Enangu, 8, n., length of time spent in
staying.
Enatu, 8, ;;., a burden, load, some-
thing carried, cargo.
Endu (Bako.)=oyu.
Eniemo, 8, «., a trap, in which a log
\
(829)
Eni-Esi
Eniemo, continued.
of wood falls athwart the ani-
mal ; also a press.
Enunga, 8, ;/., the amount to which a
spring is bent or of a curve.
Epele, 8, w., fete.
Epiipiipu, 8, /;., trembling (of delight
or fear).
Esafu, 8, //., uncleanness, foulness, de-
filement, pollution, obscenity,
-esafu, ^., unclean, foul, polluted,
disgusting, obscene.
Esaku, 8, «., rat hunting.
Esalala, 8, «., a wild gourd.
Esambilu, 8, ;/., a place of worship,
church, chapel, synagogue.
Esangala, 8, ;/., a place or hollow or
thing which contains ; the idea
being that it is something ex-
. terior, leaving a holloiu cavity
inside^ an encompassing body,
a cell.
Esansu, 8 ;/., tradition, matter handed
down or fiom one to another.
Esansu, 8, «., condition of things dur-
ing a certain period, a dispen-
sation, period of administration,
all that concerns a period.
Esanzamu, 8, «., an expanse.
Esanzu (8) dia kaya, «., a liberality
which ruins, by giving away
everything possessed.
Esasa, 8, n.^ a large hole in the interior.
Esasala, 8, ;/.
kala e esasala, to be light (not
heavy),
Ese, 8, n. The usage of ese & tata,
is the same as father & papa
in English ; i.e.^ where it would
be proper to use papa, tata is
used ; papa & tata are used in
addressing, not with possessive
pronouns (my father, not my
papa), they are used in speak-
ing of the father (papa is com-
ing). Ese must be used where
father & son are contrasted. A
Kongo slave speaks of his
master as his father yery often.
The initial % is dropped, unless
Ese, continued.
it is preceded by a or an apos-
trophe ; the final e is elided be-
fore a (Sr» e. Kw' es^ ame, to
my father ; o s' eto, our father.
// is nearly always a ist class
noun ; see also note on p. 271.
e tata ! father !
s' ame, my father.
yo se yo mwana, father & son.
se wabula, the father is dead,
wele kwa tata, he is gope to
father.
When ese is followed by ati adj. or
adjectival clause^ it is treated as
a noun of the Zth class; ese
diambote, a good father,
ese dia elemba, n. When a person
has completed his initiation
into the ndembo mystery, the
doctor appoints some man to be
considered his father, who is
called ese dia elemba (god-
father })'; see lemba, App.
ese dia nzila a ezulu, ese dia mu-
ngwa, es' audi a mungwa, n.,
a god-father or mother ; see
mungwa, lemba mwana,
App.
Esela, 8, ;/., the flat top of a hill.
Esemba, 8, «., the habit of boasting.
Esemo, 8, n., making, creation, a
bringing into shape or being,
generation, evolution, the first
times, when things were cre-
ated, the beginning, the earliest
ages, times or days.
tuka kuna esemo, from the very
first times, ever since the world
began.
Esenselo, 8, //., a port.
Esewa, 8, n., the circumcised organ.
-esika-sika (yo, &c.), appointed, fixed,
named (by).
Esikilu, 8, «., a drum of globular
shape (cavalry), played at
funerals & state occasions.
Esiku, 8, «., a sure place, an estab-
lished position, a standing, posi-
tion, post, rank.
Eso-Ete
( 830
Esoki, 8, «.=iisoki[(4), p. 392.
Esomba, 8, ;/., a sharpened piece of
mbasa buried in the ground
point upwards, so as to pierce
the feet of trespassers in gar-
dens, &c.
Esoneka, 8, ?/., a style or manner of
writing.
Esonso, 8, ;/., the point at which fire
was applied in setting anything
on fire ; also a small patch of
.fire, as when jungle is burning
each little straggling patch of
fire is an esonsO.
Esumbu, 8, n., the price.
sia e esumbu, 7/., to name a price,
ta or vuna e esumbu, 7/., to bar-
gain for.
Esumpu, 8, ;/., a stitch of basting.
Esunga, 8, ;/., see elusa, App.
Esungi, 8, ;f., cretonne & any like
cloth of floral design printed in
many colours on a coloured
ground.
Esunia, 8, «., a tooth which protrudes
beyond the lips, also mous-
tache.
Esuta, 8, ;?., a hurry.
kala kuna esuta, to be in a hurry.
ku esuta kena, he is in a hurry.
Esutu, 8, «., the uncircumcised organ,
-esutu, uncircumcised (of the organ,
not individuals) ; also very bad
indeed (a most indignant &
abusive term), scurrilous, utterly
abominable & useless.
Eswekameno, 8, «., a place of hiding.
Eta, interj.^ a particle imply itig great
respect^ your honour, excellency,
majesty ; tufiaukidi eta, we
are much obliged (to your
grace).
eta enters into the composition of
ingeta==inga eta, i.e. so, my
lord.
Etadi, 8, ;r. + a stone, also a secret
name used for an &g^^ to prevent
a fowl from understanding that
her eggs were being talked of.
etadi (8) dia esenge, «., sandstone.
Etamba.
matamba, j!^/. 8, «., lupus exedens, a
rodent ulcer which destroys the
nose, &c.
Etamba, 8, ;/., information as to the
sickness or death of a relative
or some disaster which has be-
fallen him.
Etambu, 8, ;?,, good fortune in catch-
ing with traps & snares.
Etampala, 8, ;/., a flimsy, rotten thing
that goes to pieces at a touch.
Etanda, 8, ;/., circular mats of the
same make as the native bas-
kets.
Ete, 8, ft., the saliva.
mina e ete, v., to take breakfast,
break the fast (z>., swallow the
saliva, which has for so long
been the only thing in the
mouth).
minu-ete, 6, «., breakfast,
ete dia ewawa, hunger in the
morning, supposed to be caused
by a new secretion of saliva. .
Ete, an imperative particle giving ejn-
phasis to a comma)idj wenda
ete, go then.
Etekola, 8, «., a vault. When the
grave is dug for a man of some
position, it is customary to dig
a vault or recess in the side at
the bottom. Into this the body
is placed, to avoid its sinking
into the floor of the grave, when
the earth sinks in after fillin<;
up. It is imagined that this is
due to the sinking of the floor
of the grave itself.
Etekwa, ovinda e nkome oku mpi-
aza masanza nki wasala
{proverb), O bracken ! if you
send up your new frond (like a
closed fist) in the season when
the jungle is burnt, what will be
left for the first rains .-' i.e., it
is too late to urge that now
(it has been burnt up by the
fire).
Etenda, 8, ;/., in advl. clause only.
( 831 )
Ete-Evo
Stenda, continued.
ova etenda, in the sij^ht of all, in a
public place {sec tendoka).
ova etenda-nkongolo, before an
open court, before an assembled
multitude.
Etetelo, 8, //., the place of execution.
Etiangi, 8, «., a tall fellow.
Etima, 8, «., the great aim or object,
the thing most desired, the de-
sire of one's heart, the subject
of intense feelings, hence even
of revengeful feelings ; zeal.
nkwa ( I ) etima, one who has set
or sets his heart on something,
one who is much in earnest,
zealous, fervent in spirit.
sia e etima dia... t^r sia...e etima,
v., to set one's heart on, to make
...the great object (of endeavour,
»S:c.), to be much in earnest,
zealous, assiduous, industrious
in doing, getting, (S:c., make up
one's mind to — , seek or do
most diligently.
Etingu, 8 {generally p I.) ^ ;/., insolence.
Etinti, 8, «., proud reserve.
Etita, 8, «., the feathering of an arrow,
a feather toy windmill, a wind-
mill.
Etoka, 8, ;/,, an even number,
-etoka, a.^ even.
Etompolo, 8, n. = etampala, App.
Etondo, 8, ;/,, a fungus mass growing
under the ground.
Etu(Bako.) = otU& etO.
Etuku, 8, ;/. + the book of Genesis.
Etuluka, 8, ;/., maturity, puberty,
marriageable age (of either sex).
Etwenga, 8, ;/., a soft, tender thing
which is not yet properly hard
or mature.
-etwenga, a., soft, tender.
Eva (Bako)=ova.
Evamba, 8, n.
mavamba, pl.^ nonsense.
Evamba, 8, ;/., a small edible mush-
room, growing in great abund-
ance, which the people never
venture to pluck until they have
Evamba, continued.
made homage & roll in the dust,
as to a great chief. It is such
a great find, that this homage
is to induce it to come again.
Evanga, 8, ;;., L^ .^lony.
Evanga dia nsi (2), )
Evangu, 8, ;r., that which is done or
made, a deed, action.
Evanga, 8, «., purpose, raison detre,
Eveko, 8, «., a hindrance, delay, ex-
cuse, reason for not doing some-
thing.
Evela, 8, ;/.-|-a small bare place (on
the ground, &c.).
Evelema, 8, ;/., desire, longing.
Evendwa, 8, ;/. (Solongo), mistake,
error.
Evene, 8, «., nakedness.
Evengwa, 8, n., an omission, some-
thing or some person omitted
or to be omitted or excepted ;
aleke awonso, Bukusu eve-
ngwa , all the boys but or except
Bukusu.
Eveso, ) 8, ;/., a dull, dirty, tarnished
Evesoka, j appearance.
Evika, 8, ;/., a place where any one at
anything is to be surely found ;
nzeye die evika diandi, 1
know where he is always.
Evilanu, 8, «., bird's ^gg, &. some-
times used of fowl's eggs, lest
the fowl should hear her eggs
spoken of, & stop laying.
Evilukilu (8) dia ntima (4), «., oppor-
tunity for repentance.
Evimbu, 8, n. + the body, the trunk (ot
a tree), bulk.
Evinza, 8, «., cultivated country, a
part where there are farms,
/ience the country, i.e., away
from the towns.
Evoka, 8, «., a broad, flat valley.
Evola, 8, ;/., paralysis.
mbevo a evola, a paralytic.
Evolo, 8, n.
mavolo, adv., in peace, safely,
quietly ; unu mwana olele
mavolo, to-day the child slept
Evo-Eyi
( 832)
Evolo, conti7med.
quietly ; wenda mavolo, go in
peace.
EvongO, 8, ;/., something given, ex-
pended or employed in the full
expectation of ample returns.
Evongona, 8, ??., a hole of large area,
not necessarily deep ; a very
large ulcer.
Evoso, 8, 7z., a foolish, witless fellow.
Evudidila, 8, ;/., greed, avarice, that
which makes a man exact more
than is his due.
nzimbu zevudidila, money taken
in excess of one's due.
Evuku-vuku, 8, n., inducement.
kala ye evuku-vuku, v., to be in-
duced.
Evula, 8, n., an ivory horn giving the
note of "mi" (the 3rd) in the
chord to which they are set.
Evuin"ba, 8, n.^ food stuff wrapped up
in a leaf, &c., for roasting.
Evunza-, with a noun suffixed^ an
excuse or something to prevent
what is expressed by the noun
suffixed.
evunza-salu, something which pre-
vents or impedes work, an en-
cumbrance.
evunza-vewa, an excuse for not
giving.
evunza-vova, something given to
hush up a matter, hush-money.
Evuya, 8, «., a cleaning rag, house-
cloth, duster.
Evwanga, 8, 71., confusion, disorder.
-evwanga, a.^ in confusion, disorder.
-evwanga, a., public property, to be
taken & used by any one.
Evwangi, 8, ;/., publicity, the presence
of a crowd, an unwelcome crowd
or company,
-evwangi, «., in great numbers, too
many,
Evwendengele, 8, ;/., a monster, a
very large specimen (of animals
only).
evwendengele dia ngulu, a mon-
ster of a pig. •
Ewanda, 8, ;/., the manner of striking.
Ewawa, 8, n., a shudder, thrill,
ete dia ewawa, see ete, App.
Ewete {generally used in the pi.
mawete), 8, ?z., pleasure, that
which is the source of wete.
Wete is the experience, ewete
the condition which makes it
possible; see ekembo, App.
Ewole, 8, ;/., a thorny creeper.
Ewombolo, 8, n., a decayed, rotten
piece of wood-work, house,
canoe or piece of fire-wood ;
ewombolo dia nzo diadi, this
is a rotten house.
Ewonzo, 8, 7t., medicine enclosed in a
piece of palm frondlet.
Ewu (Bako.)=owu.
Ewulumuna, 8, 71.
mawulumuna {pi.), endless talk,
gossip, twaddle, chatter.
Ewuta, 8, ;/., a bearing, a bringing
forth ; owutidi mwana audi,
e ewuta diantete, she brought
forth her child, her first bearing
{i.e., the first she ever bore).
Ewutuka, 8, 7t., the birth, the being
born ; tuka ewutuka diandi,
from his birth.
Eyandu, 8, //., reason, cause, purpose ;
see ebandu, App.
eyandu diadi {with applied fori/i),
for this reason, that is why.
wa eyandu ? why } for what rea-
son?
Eyanga, 8, ?/., an impropriety, some-
thing which is wrong or offen-
sive, contrary to proper customs,
an offence.
mbula e eyanga, ;/., to commit
such an offence.
Eyangidi, 8, ;/. (Mboma), sweet
potato.
Eyatiku, 8, ;/., the point at which a
beginning is made.
Eyaya, 8, ?/., the topic of general con-
versation, a matter in every
one's mouth.
Eyidi, n. (Solongo), a barnacle.
Eyidingingi, 8, ;/., a dead silence.
( 833 )
Eyi-Fii>
Eyititi, 8, w., a swollen cheek.
Eyokosa dia— , 8, ;/., a great sound
of— ; eyokosa dia mazu, a
great noise ; eyokosa dia dilu,
a great sound of wailing.
Eyovoka, 8, ;/., a weakness, infirmity.
Ezakamu, 8, n., shaking, trembling.
-ezala, a.t light, not severe (of afflic-
tion only).
ngangu (2) zezala, a false, foolish
cunning, which fails entirely in
its purpose.
Ezalu, 8, 71., a line or string near the
wall-plate of a house a little
way out from the wall, upon
which to hang clothes, a
clothes-horse.
Ezengenene, 8, ti., a fool.
Ezengo, 8, w., a stick or something
cut or marked to the exact
length, as a measure.
Ezeze, 8, ;/., an effeminate, useless,
helpless fellow, a fool.
Eziezie, 8, n. {gen. pi.)., bewilder-
ment, distraction.
-a maziezie, muddled, bewildered,
distracted, irrational, wrong.
Ezikila, 8, «., the definite spot where
anything may be surely found,
tthe particular page, verse or
stanza to which reference is
made or where the passage
may be found,
ku, 8, «., the prime of life, perfec-
tion, arrival at perfection, ma-
turity ; see zikuka, App.
Ezimi, 8, ;/., a clan ; see zimi, App.
Ezina, 8, ?/., name.
nkwa ezina diambote, a man of
good report, having a good
name.
ezina, i, «., the deceased, thus
avoiding the mention of the
name; see deceased, App.
Ezinga, 8, w., the length of (a man's)
life. I
mazinga, pi. only, delay, continu-
ance, time spent or lost.
Ezingii, 8, n., delay, hindrance.
Ezita, 8, w.-fa knot, hence the knot or
Ezita, continued.
end round which a native basket
is made in its manufacture, the
point from which the long
whorl of grass of which it is
made eccentrates, an axle, axis,
the pole of any spherical body,
the top & bottom points of an
e^g, &c,, the north or south pole
(of the earth), the point on the
back part of the top of the
head from which the hair
seems to radiate ; also a re-
taining fee, a fee which, being
paid, secures the first refusal or
prevents something from being
offered for sale, &c., until an
opportunity for treating has
been given.
Eziya, 8, ?t., pool left by the fall of a
river, hole in the bed of a river.
Ezizima, 8, ;/., coldness, cold, chilli-
ness.
-ezizima, a., cold, chilly.
Ezu, 8, n.
sia e ezu dia — , v., to make a pre-
tence of — .
Ezuka, 8, n.
mazuka, _/>/. only, interest, profit.
Ezuku, 8, «., nucleus, elementary
principle, rudiment, root, source,
origin, basis, base.
Fianungina, v.t., to try, make an
attempt to do something well
knowing it to be hopeless.
Fiata, v.i. (P. confiar), to confide,
trust.
Piaulwisa, v., to congratulate.
Fiauzi, 12, n., peace of mind, happi-
ness, contentment, comfort,
consolation.
Elba, 6, «., the horn of a gazelloid
antelope.
Fidisa, v.t., to send (things).
3H
FlE-FUK
( 834 )
Pienza, v.t.^ to finish off well, add a
good finish.
Fika, v.i., to be cheap.
Pika (6) ye kamba (6), n., sureness,
security, safety,
-afika ye kamba, ^., dependable,
sure, safe.
sia e fika ye kamba (6) (muna), 7'.,
to depend (upon).
Pikuna, ?/./., to nourish (of food only).
Pila, 2/./., to turn or direct (of some
part of the body).
fila malu (9 pL), to put, place the
legs.
Pilakesa, v.t.^ to hurry along, to con-
duct hy force, to bear along, be
in favour o{ or favourable (of the
wind), to blow from the stern,
be with ; to fail to help, with-
hold assistance in a crisis, to
hang back «& let others bear the
brunt of a struggle ; e tembwa
kibafilakese, the wind was in
their favour.
Filavu, 15, n.^ a little wine.
Fimpulula, v.t.^ to diligently or re-
peatedly investigate.
Finangana, \ v.i., to be troubled,
Pinangeswa, f sorely pressed, over-
whelmed, straitened, perplexed,
harassed, burdened.
Pindu, 6, ;/., reluctance to move, obey,
yield, exert oneself or to aban-
don an enterprise until abso-
lutely forced, & perhaps not
even then, dogged obstinacy, a
combinatioii of scorn of author-
ity, force or danger, & pure
courage.
Pingitina, ^ v., to hold se-
Fingituna(Bako.), f curely, firm.
Piniziana, v.i., to be assiduously
plied, to be industriously carried
on, be persevered in.
Pinizieka, v., to be assiduous, con-
stant, industrious, persevering
in {i.e., leave no long intervals),
not work by fits & starts ; tufi-
nizieka e salu kieto, we will
persevere in our work.
Finta, 2/./., to rub a part of the body
' (not to anoint or wipe, but as to
rub the nose or ear when they
itch).
Finuna, v.t, to nourish (of food only).
Finzula, v.t. (Bako.)=funzula.
¥io,pL 6, n., blackness.
-afio, a., black.
Fionkonona, 2/./., to fast, to go with-
out food.
Fiontona, v./., to strangle.
Fiota, v.i., to be, grow black.
Pita, v.i.
elaka (8, di-) fita, to have a burn-
ing, choking sensation in the
throat, as when strong liquor is
drunk or some nicotine is swal-
lowed or when very angry.
Pita, )7/. -f to smoke,
Pita mwisi (3), ) make a smoke.
Pitama, v.i., to throng, crowd around
(of a great crowd).
Fitamena, v.^., to throng, crowd round
(some one).
Pitika, 2/./., to put, heap, place to-
gether, pile in one place.
Piunununa, v.L, to squeeze through
a small hole.
Fofota, v.i., to make a sound as the
jungle when a man or large
animal forces his way through
it.
Pokola, 2/. + to multiply, also to put
letters together and pronounce.
Fokwelwa, 6, n., the multiplier.
Polokosa, v., to talk rubbish, to no
• . purpose or uselessly, persist
foolishly in a request.
Fonga e mfulu (2), v., to sit in coun-
cil. ,
Fongo, 6, n., a seat, place.
Potomoka, v.i., to ascend (as smoke).
Frank, 2, «., a franc.
Pudila muna kufi (12), v., to make
short work of a thing.
-afuka, a., respectful, courteous, cere-
monious, with due ceremony.
Piika, v.i., to come to an end, be ex-
hausted, fail, be finished, con-
cluded.
( 835 )
FOk-Fun
Paka, 9, //., exhaustion (of supplies),
failure (of resources), finality.
Fukamena, v.t., to kneel down to, so
to intreat, beseech.
Pnklisa, vJ. (Bako.), to boil.
J'ukwa, v.^ mid. pass., to lose by death,
be bereaved of.
Fukwa, 6, ti., a cover.
Fula, v.L, to blow (with the breath).
Fula, 7/./. + to finish, bring to an end,
conclude.
Pulu, 6, ;/. (Bako.), a flower.
Fulu, 6, //.-i-a place, spot.
mu fulu, ■) adv., .on the spot, at
vana fulu, > once, instantly, im-
VOVO fulu, ) mediately, at the
very moment, in the very act.
Fulula, v.t.
fulula nkisi (4), to propitiate a
fetish for some broken restric-
tion (konko) or reinstate it.
Gunpowder is strewn on the
ground, the fetish image or
bundle is held over it, a few
words are spoken, the powder
I is then fired, and as the smoke
clears off, the whistle (mba-
mbi) of the fetish is blown.
This is supposed to restore the
broken charm by propitiation,
forgiveness being obtained from
the charm-principle ; without
gunpowder no kimenga or any-
thing would avail.
Pululu, 6, ;/., perseverance, steady
plodding.
Fululuka, V.I., to grunt with vexation.
Fululuka, v.i., to foam (as the sea).
Fulumunu, 6, n. (Bako.), see fulu-
mwinu (App).
Fulumwina, ^•./., to inspire, breathe
into.
^Fulumwinu, 6, w., the spirit, soul, the
^^K living principle, that which lives
^^ within us and imparts life to
the body.
Fulusa, v.t. (Bako.), to fill.
Fumana, v.i., to be proud and re-
^__ served, grave, sedate ; also to
Fumana, continued.
hand under the chin or on the
side of the face, the attitude of
perplexity,
Fumba, v.t., to think too much of (a
thing) to give it away (to so
& so).
Fumba, v.t., to waste, squander, be
prodigal of.
fumba e ndofi (2), v., to swear
falsely, perjure oneself, break
a vow.
Fumbalala, v.i., to double up (as with
pain in the stomach), to sag.
Fumbi, 6, n., the place where high-
way robbery or murder was
committed ; also an ambuscade
for the purpose.
fwa e fumbi, v., to be caught (of a
trap which is caught in some
way so that it cannot be sprung,
or of a noose which is caught
and cannot draw tight & catch
that for which it is set).
Fumbila, ^.^., to think too little of...
to make (him) such a present
or to render such a service or
do such a kindness.
Fumina, 7/. ^fumana, App.
Fumuua, v.t., to kill (game, &c.) in
great numbers or catch (of fish).
Funa, v.t.-\-X.o leaven, be leavened.
Funa, 12, w., leaven.
Funakana, v.i., to be sullen, to sulk,
to observe a sullen silence.
Funda, v.t., to accuse, charge (before
judges) ; bamfundidi edi dia
wivi, they charged him with
theft.
Fundisa, v.t., to judge, try (a case).
Funduluka, v.i., to groan (as one
deeply moved in spirit).
Funduluka, v.i., to swell up to its
original size (as something dried
which has been well soaked).
Fundulukila, v.t.^ to grumble and
make a fuss about.
Fundulula, v.t., to mutter to oneself
cr others, but not to the person
concerned.
FUN-FWA
( 836 )
Funga, 7'./., to be or become abortive,
not to arrive at perfection 01'
full attainment or completion,
to fall short (of the mark or aim),
be abandoned, not worth com-
pletion, to be spoiled, of no
further use ; to be neither one
thing nor the other, hence be
spoiled as of under-cooked plan-
tain, &c., which cannot after-
wards have the cooking com-
pleted.
Fungudia, 6, 7/., a bump, lump which
protrudes.
Funisa, vJ., to leaven.
Funka, v.t.^ to make an end of, finish
off, use up, carry to the bitter
end.
Funta, v.i.-\-\o turn over the surface
of the soil, to dig up by scratch-
ing, or scraping the surface.
Funta, v.t., to crush with a rubbing
movement, tread, trample.
Funta, -z/.z., to remain unsold (after
offering for sale publicly), to
exceed the demand.
Funtuka, v.i. {per/, -ini), to have a
great deal of trouble, be op-
pressed, persecuted.
funtuka ye salu, v.i., to toil, work
hard, have much trouble over
one's work.
Funtuna, v.f., give trouble, oppress,
distress, persecute.
Funze, 6, ?/.,. any ailment of babyhood
concerning which one can ask
no questions, only be conscious
that there is something wrong,
the frailty of infancy,
Futa, v.i.^ become bush or jungle
again, to lie fallow, to become
desolate (of an abandoned
place), be abandoned.
Futalala, z'./.=yindalala, p. 474.
Futidika, 7^/.=yindidika, p. 474.
Futuka, v.i. (Bako.), to have a great
deal of trouble, work, be op-
pressed, persecuted.
Futumuna, -z/.Z-XBako.), to raise from
the dead, bring to life again.
Futumuka, v.i. (Bako.), to rise from
the dead.
Futwa, v.i., to be fomented.
Futwa, 6, ;/., a vapour bath.
bukamena e futwa, v., to take a
vapour or steam bath.
Fuzi, 12, n., skill in one's craft.
Fwa, v.i.
fwa e "baba, (6) v.i., to be intensely
desirous.
fwa mu meso {pi. 7), v., to be
actually seen, come under
actual observation.
fwa ke (12), v., to be too little,
too few, too short.
fwa nene (12), v., to be too many,
too large.
fwa tulu (10), v., to be in a dead
sleep.
Fwa-mboko, 6, n., a person lame
through stiffness in the joints.
-afwalansa, a., French.
Fwama (Bako.), v.i., seldom used but
in the perfect (-fweme), to be
angry. J
moya (4, u-) fwama, to be hungry. ^
Fwamfumuka, v.i, to flow out co-
piously (from a hole or wound),
to pour, gush out, leak out fast.
Fwaneswa, v.i., to be fit, be found
fit, be made fit.
Fwani-fwani, 6, ;/., same fashion or
style, resemblance.
kala e fwani-fwani ye, to adopt
the style of, follow the fashion-
of, conform to.
Fwaninika, v.t., to compare together.
Fwankalakana, v.i., to sink to the
ground under a load.
Fwantama, v.i. (Bako.), to bend, be
bent, bowed down.
Fwantakesa, v.t., to destroy, devas-
tate, lay waste, make havoc
of.
Fwantika, v.i. (Bako.), to bend, bow
down.
Fwanuka, v.i.^ to be fit, worthy.
Fwanukina, v.t., to be worthy of, de-
serve, be deserving of: to be
worthy to, to be deserved by.
(S37 )
FWA-I
Fwanukwa, 7\/., to deserve, have as
, one's deserts, be deserving of;
to have to, be obliged to, must, to
have nothing left for it but to...
.Fwanwa, vj'., to be able to, worthy to.
T/ie difference between fwana
and fwanwa lies in the fact
that in the case of fwana the
ability {or in negative sentettces
the inability) lies in the subject of
the verb, while fwanwa implies
that the ability {or inability)
lies entirely in something ab-
normal in the matter referred to;
kifwene kio nata ko, I cannot
carry it (on account of my
weakness) ; kifweno kio nata
ko, I cannot carry it (for such as
I am may not touch such things).
Fwasa, z/./., to destroy, spoil, render
useless.
Fwatika, v.t., to put all in heap,
fwatika-fwatika, to put together
without any attempt at arrange-
ment or order.
-afwitaku-fwatiku, a., done without
any attempt at order, care, skill
or neatness.
Fwenka, -z/./. + rub ^r grind hard on.
-fwete, aux. V. r/^+may be able to ;
ozolele kundatisa e ezitu nde-
mbi fwete lenda, he wants to
make me carry a load which I
could not possibly carry (which I
could not be likely to be able to).
Fwidi, 6, ;/., a bereavement,
kala kufwidi, v., to be in great sor-
row of bereavement, to be be-
reaved ; ku fwidi kingi kena,
he has sustained a great loss,
Fwidilwa, ?/., to be a loser of, suffer
loss of, be bereaved of.
Pwika, v.i. (Bako.), to be cheap.
Fwila e baba (6), v.t., to be intensely
desirous after, long eagerly for.
Pwila, 6, «,, a dead body {of an ani-
mal, seldom used of a corpse
fwa except as) carcase.
PwUwa, v.i., to be a loser, suffer loss,
be bereaved.
G.
Grame, 2, ;/. (Fr. gramme), a gramme.
I.
I, dem. verbal particle, that is why,
then, that is when, then it is
that ; often not to be translated
at all J muna diadi i katutu-
mini, for this reason he sent
us ; ///. for this it was that he
sent for us.
\ preceded by the dem. pron., \stposs.
and there was (so & so) also or
too; emi i nsinga, and there
were ropes ; oyu i Kumpaya,
and Kumpaya was there.
toward the end of a sentence this
combination is best rendered by
as well, as well as, too ; aya
bekwenda, oyu iNlemvo, these
will go and Nlemvo as well ;
aya i yeto tuna vava, as well
as we who are here.
i before the personal pronotms, fol-
lowed by wau ; i (yau) wau,
said... ; ingeta, i yandi wau,
yes, said he.
i. . .aka or kaka, 2uith the dem. pron.
emph., once for all ; i mpova
aka yiyi mpovele, I speak
once for all.
i...aka, with an infinitive noun be-
tween, to be just... ; i luaka
aka, he had just arrived.
-ina, V. defective, {passive, -iniwa ;
applied form, -inina) ; to be,
see Gram., p. 690, and Gram-
matical Appendix.
-inB,{or kala) diau, to think, im-
agine, suppose ; edi ngina
diau VO — , I think that — ;
adieyi bena diau? what did
they think ?
I-Kad
(^3S)
~\S\Z, preceded by a locative is trans-
lated by the equivaleiit of the
locative a?id of the pronominal
prefx to the vej-b ; ke vakedi
muntu vana bena ozeye wo ko,
there was not a man ainong
thein or of them who knew it ;
i diau ngizididi oku wina,
therefore I came to you; di-
nkondo dimosi vana mena di-
vwidi "bwaka, one of the plan-
tains {among them) Avas ripe.
None of the tenses of kala are
used in this way, only this pre-
setit teitse irregtclar verb -ina is
tised, no matter what the time of
the sentence.
-ina omn or mnna, about, in refer-
to ; tuwidi e nsangu zingi
zina omo ngeye, we heard
many reports in reference to
}'ou ; see also kala muna,
App.
-ina una or wan, to be so, such,
hke that, thus ; e ma kina una,
such a thing {lit. a thing which
is thus) ; nga e nzo aku ina
una e ? is your house like that
then ?
-ina VO, which, who, is, was, &c.,
also that is to say ; tumwene e
mpatu ina vo ya Kikudi, we
saw a farm which was Kikudi's ;
divangamene kwa yeto, kuna
vo,mono yo Kikudi, it was done
by us, that is, by Kikudi & me.
I7i this sentence the ku of kuna
comes front the locative kwa,
the diambu (di-) being forgotten
in the giving of the further ex-
pianatiojt as to., by whom,
-ina ye = kala ye, App.
-ingi.
ye (&c.) ... wingi, in such a
manner or way, so, so that ;
ye ntunga o wingi betunga-
nga, e nzo zau zinga kikilu,
they build in such a way that
their houses last long ; yo vova
wingi bavovele— , and so
-ingi, cojitinued.
spoke that — ; yo pemba o
wingi—, & so white that—
-iniwa, passive of -ina, to have in
{o7ie or //), to have (in) ; ndioyo
winiwa e ekela, he who has
the bullet in him.
izi, izidi, see kwiza.
J.
Je- & ji-, see under zie- & zi- in this
Appendix, but also je- & ji in
the Dictionary, pp. 283-5.
K.
Ka, defective aitx, verb (Bako.) equiva-
lent to the verb to be.
dia baka ta dianga, they were just
eating.
kwiza tuka kwizanga, we are
coming.^
Ka...ko (^Bako.), the particles of ne-
gatio7i = 'ke..,'k.O, not.
-aka,
mwaka-mwaka-hin divers or
various places.
Kaba, v.t., to carry something very
heavy.
Kabuka, v.i., to be bold, courageous.
followed by the infiiiitive noun to
dare to ; nga kabuka keka-
buka kota e? dares he to
enter then ?
Kabula, v.t. of above., to cause to be
bold.
Kabula, v.t.., to dare to mention, tell,
to tell, speak boldly without
fear ; wele dio kabula kwa
mfumu, he went and told it
boldly to the chief.
Kadi, conj., wau kadi, because now,
now that, since.
kadi kala or kele YO—with subj.
fut. indef, would that —
kadi tu, kuna kwa— co?zj., oh !
( 839)
Kad-Kal
Kadi, continued,
what a — (wonder o?- ridicule) ;
kadi tu, kuna kwa ntakuka,
oh ! what a jump.
kadi tn, se diakaka, how strange
indeed, how very strange or
wonderful, did you ever hear
of such a thing ?
Kadila {applied form <?/ kala), v.+
to be, live for, to, &c. ; iku-
bakadila se mfumu, I will be
a chief over them ; adieyi
dikadila wau ? why will it be
like that ?
Kadilu, 6, «.,a manner of life (habits,
customs, <S:c,).
Kafa, vJ., to strike, beat.
Kafalala, v.f., to be or look unhappy,
sad, displeased, ill at ease,
miserable, disappointed, often
used with ntima, o ntima andi
Tlkafalele, he is unhappy in his
mind.
Kafidika, v.i., to make sad, sadden,
render miserable, unhappy.
kafidika o ntima (4), to displease
(one's heart).
Kaka, <r^/7^ + still (there was no change
in the circumstances) ; wakedi
kaka muna nzo, he was still
in the house.
after a negative sentence kaka often
brings out a strong contrast,
but, rather, instead ; kunwandi
ko, unsadisa kaka,"do not beat
him, but help him or help him
rather.
kaka or aka is often to be rendered
by must, will have to, it being
regarded as the only possible
circumstance that— ; kwenda
kaka kekwenda, he must go
(///. he will only go) ; ke nu-
vangi luzolo lueno ko, oluame
kaka, do not do as you like,
but as I like ; lit. do not your
will, vcvvcio. only.
se diakaka, this is very strange,
how singular.
Kakalala muna, v.i., to block up,
obstruct, be an obstruction in.
e kakkmba, adv., see e kamba-ka-
mba, App.
Kakidika, v.t., to block, obstruct.
kakidika...muna, to place... as an
obstruction in.
Kakidila, v.t. \ + to apply (as a brake),
Kakila, v.t, 3 to place against (the
surface of something revolving,
as the tool, &c., against a grind-
stone) to lay before (something
in motion to stop it), to place
in opposition, to oppose, resist
(an attack).
Kakilwa, 6, «., a tap.
Kaku, 6, «., a barrier, something
which stops the way ; obstruc-
tion.
KakungU, 9, n., bogie, dragon, ter-
rible monster.
Kala, 6, ;/., hot, dry weather.
£ala, v., to be. There is a past tense
{indef. & perf) of kala, bearing
the prefix e instead of 2i ; it im-
plies time less remote than that
in a ; twekala, we were ; 1)6-
kedi, they were.
ke kala biza ko, v., to be very
unwell,
kala {or -ina) diau, v., to think, sup-
pose, imagine ; adieyi kakedi
diau, what did he think 1
kala kumosi ye, v., to be on good
terms with, have dealings with,
have intercourse with.
kala kwa, adv., it is because, 07ily
tised where there is no question
as to the correct tie ss of the state-
ment ; kala kwa tuma katu-
mini, it is because he was sent,
-kala mo, will be... when (it) is
finished, when grown up ; e nzo
yayi yabiza kikilu ikala mo,
this will be a splendid house
when it is finished ; mwana
oyu wambi kikilu okala mo,
this child will be very bad
when he grows up.
kala muna, v.i., to be in (a busi-
Kal-Kan
840 )
JKala, continued.
ness), to give one's consent and
co-operation.
owu diakalanga, adv., perhaps it
may be that, when it was once
very likely, but now most un-
certain; OWU diakalanga
kwiza kekwiza, perhaps he
may come.
kala ye, the Bakongo always ex-
press the verb " to have " with
kala ye, 7tot as on p. 286. In
Kongo proper kala ye does not
imply possession, but only being-
with, and the inference is that
the object is the property of
a7iother or others ; nkia nta-
ku tukedi zau ? what rods
had we (of our own) ? nkia nta-
ku zikedi yeto, what rods did
we have with us ? (not our own).
This latter sentence amotig the
Bakongo would imi)ly that they
were ours. The usage of -ina
ye is ide?itical.
Xala {perf kadidi, Kib.), v., to return.
okala VO...OVO, C07iJ., whether... or ;
konso lekwa, okala vo masa,
OVO ma kiaka, anything whe-
ther corn or anything else.
Kalakana, v., to be deniable.
Kalala, 6, «., asparagus.
Xalsedone, 2, Jt., chalcedony.
Kalu, 6, «., the length of time spent
at, time during which one
was — .
Xalu, 6, n., a place to live or be at or
in, abode, a dwelling place.
Xaluluka, v.i., to cry, call or sing out
aloud, loudly, to yell.
Xalumba, 9, «., a hare.
Kamama, v.i., to be obligatory.
Xamba,
edi kamba vo, is it so that.? edi
kamba vo kwenda okwenda ?
so you are going, are you ?
Kamba, 6, «., see fika, App.
Kamba, v.t,, to go to meet.
Kamba, 6, n., one of one's party, a
partisan.
e kamba-kamba, adv., borne by
many.
Kambakana, v., to mediate, go be-
tween two hostile parties.
Kamika, v.t., to come to the con-
clusion or recognise that one
must (do something), feel
obliged to.
Kamika meno {pi. 7), n., to clench
the teeth.
Kamina, v.t., to wind the end of one's
cloth round the waist instead
of having it loose over the
shoulders, to gird one's loins.
kamina luketo (10) ^r vumu (6),
gird up the loins.
kamina nlele (4), gird up the
cloth.
Kaminwa, 6, n., a press for squeez-
ing.
Kamuka, v.i., to be very thin, emaci-
ated.
Kana, co7tJ., whether, if, as to, a par-
ticle denoting uncertainty ; ki-
zeye kwame ko kana nsusu
kwa zina mo, I do not know
as to how many fowls are in
there ; kana mengi vuya aka,
vele vovo vasilu vo— (///.
whether many or only a twig
so it was arranged that), so, to
state things briefly, it was ar-
ranged that —
kana, prono^ninal = konso, each,
who or whichever ; babongele,
kana nleke, mbele mosi, each
boy took a knife.
kana nkutn, i conj., nevertheless,
e kana nkutu, S notwithstanding,
even then or in that case, even
if or though, suppose that it is
so, whether even.
kana una, conj., even if, even when,
even while, whether even.
kana una vo, conj., although, even
if.
kana vele=kanele.
kana vo, conj., in affirmative clauses^
although, though ; in negative
clauses kana una vo is used.
( 841 )
Kan-Kan
Kana, continued.
kana VO \a\.^.^ followed by the sub-
junctive mood in reference to
the past^ and the indicative for
the fnture ; suppose, if, should
(then so and so would happen) ;
kana vo kala bekwenda ko,
suppose they were to go there ;
kana vo kala twiza— , had we
come—.
Kanama, v.^ to form the most deter-
mined resolution, be most de-
termined, to determine evil
against, hate fiercely.
Kanamwa, v.i.^ to be the subject of
most determined resolution or
to have such made against
one.
Xanana, v.^ to hate & plot against
one another.
Kanana, t/.z., to bid each other fare-
well.
Kanda, 12, «., build, make, style, pat-
tern ; yau ewole kanda umosi,
they are both of the same
build.
kanda wa mvudi-mvudi (4) or wa
vulu-vulu (6), «,, the build of
one who comes early to maturity.
Kandalala, v.i.^ to be dry & warped,
bent back.
ntima (4, u-) kandalala, to be very
grieved, distressed.
Xandidika, ^'.A-fto warp, bend back.
Xandu, 6, «.-, a ban, interdiction,
curse, excommunication, sen-
tence of excommunication. The
most solemn form of promul-
gation of a law or cursing is
that pronounced at the junction
of 2 roads and confirmed by
rubbing the mouth in the dust
and striking the knees with
one's hands. No one dare run
the risk of the curse which must
follow the breaking of a law
thus made.
dia e kandu, 7/., to interdict with
a curse, to pronounce such a
curse or sentence of excom-
Kandu, continued.
munication on any one who
should dare to do so and so.
dila e kandu, 7a, to pronounce a sen-
tence of excommunication upon
any one.
mwana ( i ) a kandu, //., one who has
incurred such a curse, an ex-
communicated person.
Kanele vo, ^ conj.^ in ajftrma-
Kanele nkutu vo, f tive clauses-^
although, though, even if.
Kanele, 2, n. (Fr. cannelle), n., cinna-
mon.
Kanga nkangu (4) or e ekangu
(8), v., to make a covenant.
kanga e mbaki (2), v., to set an
ambush.
-akanga (Solongo), a., brackish.
Kangadila, v.t., to visit, pay a visit
to, call on.
Kangama, v.i.,
moyo (3, U-) or ntima (4, u-) ka-
ngama, v., to be troubled (con-
gealed) in one's mind, to be
annoyed, provoked,
kangamwa ntima (4) or moyo (3),
z/., to be much provoked in one's
mind {lit. to have one's mind
provoked), be deeply stirred.
Kangi, 6, «., saviour, deliverer, pro-
tector.
Kangi, 6, ;/., he who ties.
Kangilwa, 6, «., a conjunction.
Kangula, v.t., to defend, protect, to
let off, excuse, acquit, declare
innocent.
Kangula e ekangu (8), v., to disannul
a covenant (ekangu) (///. to un-
bind a bond).
Kangwa, 6, n., a bond, tie, binder.
Kanika, v.t., to cause a strong deter-
mination.
Kanikina, v.t., to strictly enjoin, tell
or charge, to command, order,
give imperative instructions.
Kanka, 6, «.+ hedge of thick bushes.
Kankalakana, v.i., catch the foot &
stumble.
Kankamwa e nitu (2), 7/., to shudder.
Kan-Ke
(:842 )
Kankana, v.t., to deliver, protect,
save, help (in trouble), preserve
from danger.
Kankana, v.t., to divide up (among
themselves, something that is
very small to be divided among
so many).
Kankana, v.t.^ to struggle together.
Kankata, v.i., toddle about.
-akankn, a.
lufwa (lo) luakanku, sudden death.
Kankuka, v.i.^ to stand up suddenly,
also to die suddenly.
Kansi or we kansi, conj.^ well then.
Kapita, 2, n. (P. capitao), the head-
man of a caravan.
Kare, 2,;z. (Fr. carre), a square {math.).
-akare, a. (Fr. carre), square.
Kasa, 8, 11. (Bako.), a grass tick.
-akasa, a. (Bako.), thin.
Kasi <?r e \2u^\-{- a particle indicatins^
that a inatter has or had slipped
from the memory ; sia tatu
kasi tanu, put 3, I mean 5 ;
z>., I made a mistake, when
I said 3 it should have been 5 ;
kasi nani wizidi? who was it
that came ? i.e. I forget who it
was.
kasi own, conj.., now, see what has
become of it ; and now, see
now, there now, now you see,
but now. When kasi OWU is
tised., the idea is always present
that it is too late or no use now ;
kasi own e ntangwa isakidi,
but now it is too late.
Kasika, conj.., for instance.
Kasu, 6, ?/., a (leather, &c.) casing
permanently fastened upon any-
thing ; also a nut (for a bolt).
Kati, 9, «.,-}-half.
oku kati oku...oku, in the midst,
between ; sia kio oku kati,
oku nzo a Ponde, oku nzo a
Bukusu, put it in the middle,
between the house of Ponde &:
Bukusu. i.
Katuka, v.i., to be excepted,
-katuka, p.^ excepted ; e lekwa
kiaki kaka kikatuka, this
thing only excepted.
Kauka, v.i.., to cease raining.
Kava, -z/.z., to be or grow very thin,
emaciated.
Kavengelele, 9, n., the remote past,
long ago.
vana kavengelele, ever so long
ago, long long ago.
Kavisa, v.t.., to make thin, also to dry
a corpse, embalm.
Kavula, v.t.., to uncork.
Kawa, pass, of kaya ; see also ka-
yiwa, A pp.
Kawulula, v.t.^ to share out to an-
other, impart, give part of what
one has to another ; only of
that which has been given to
one.
Kaya, 7/., to risk, hazard.
Kaya, v.
meso {j)l. 7, ma-) kaya, to be sleep-
less.
Kayama, 7/./., to lie face upwards, on
one's back.
Kaye, 9, «., the highest heaven, very
far up in the sky ; e nuni
wele muna kay^, the bird
went far away up in the sky.
Kayiwa, v., pass, of kaya, to be di-
vided, distributed.
Kayiwa meso {pi. 7), 7/., to be sleep-
less.
Kaza, v.t., tear.
Ke, a particle used between repeated
nouns, as " by " i7i English.
lumba ke lumbu, day by day.
tandu ke tandu, mvu ke mvu, for
' ever (age by age).
ke mu...ko, cotij., instead of, rather
than, than, more than ; sadisa,
ke mu badila ko, help, rather
than scold.
ke mu kisia ko vo, not as though
it were that.
e ke ye kingi (///. few &, many),
(843 )
Ke-Ki-
Ke, co7itimied.
very many, a great deal or
many, a large number.
Keke, 6, w., mid-rib of palm,
Kekete, 6, ;z. + firmness,
e kekete, ad%>.^ with firmness, firmly,
firm.
kala ye kekete, v., to be firm.
Kekoka, v.i.^ to be very beautifi.il,
highly ornamental, be well
adorned.
Kekola, v.t., to adorn.
Kele VO, cojij.^ with the su/?j. fut.
indef., would that — !
kele VO twenda, would that we had
gone.
Kelesa o matu {pi. 9), n., to listen
attentively (///. make a funnel
of one's ears),
e kelezi, adv.
mona e kelezi, v.t.^ to catch sight
of.
moneka e kelezi, v.t., to be caught
sight of.
Kama, v.i.^ to grunt & strain.
Kemba, v.i. (Bako.), to put on fine
things, to go holiday making.
Kemba nkaza angani (Bako.), to
commit adultery.
Kemona, v., to snivel & fret (as a
child).
Kena, •z/.=kenaiiana.
Kendalala, v.i., to be very distressed,
grieved, troubled.
Kendeleka, v.f.^ to distress, grieve
greatly.
Kendoka, ?/./., to.be broken, snap.
Kendona, v.t.^ to break, snap in two.
Kenenoka, 7/.z'. + to be disgusted.
Kenga, v.t., to look well after, take
good care of.
Kenga, t/., to be beautiful.
Kenga, ?'., never to... any more, to
give up (an old habit) ; bavwi-
di kenga kio e fa kia vonda
e ndoki, they no longer kill
v;itches = they have given up
killing witches. Okengele kio
vuna kwandi, he has given up
telling lies. (Kenga generally
Kenga, continued.
takes the {objective) pronoun of
its object after it before men-
tioning the object itself as seen
in the above examples.)
Kengoloka, v.i.^ to pass by or round
(something, carefully avoiding
it, through fear, respect or dis-
gust).
Kengomoka, v.i., to be very bright (of
highly polished metal), be gor-
geous.
Kengomona, v., to make clean (white
& shining).
Kento, 6, w., womankind, the female
sex ; e kento ye kiakala balu-
ngwa kwan, womankind &
mankind were assembled {i.e.
the whole population).
Kesela, v., to prevent (by standing in
front to stop any one) from
going somewhere.
Keti, conj. (Bako.), a particle prefaced
to a question or stateme/it as
to which the speaker wishes to
express ignorance. Kete nani
obongelekio? Who took it.^
(I have not an idea as to who
it was.)
Ketoka, v.i., to be passionately de-
sirous, to long, lust.
Ketokela, ta/*., to entertain a passion-
ate desire for, long for, lust,
after.
Ketola, -t/./., to cause passionate de-
sire, longing or lust.
Keva, v. + io be small.
-akeva, a., smaller, decreased, less in
size.
Kewona, v.t.^ to knock up (a small
piece of skin, bark, «S:c.).
Keya, v.t., to look well after, take
good care of.
ki-. For a singular use of the diminu-
tive form of the eleventh deri-
vative noun, see " while," App.
mwisi ki-, a prefix by which to
form the name of a party from
the name of the leader or per-
son who ^ives the name to it.
Ki-KiA
( 844)
Keya, continued.
esi ki-Makitu, Makitu's party.
ki-, appeai'ing as a prefix^ &^c., luith-
oiit the mention of any noun of
the ^th or 6th classes, either re-
fers to lekwa, a thing lender-
stood, or still jnore frequently to
kolo, time understood ; yava-
na kiavunguka kuma, until
(the time of) the dawn of day.
ki-. The prefix- ki {pi. aki) applied
to the personal poss. pro7i. is
often used without mention of
the noun referi'ed to; yitu
kiandi, his relative ; akiau,
their relatives.
Ki .... ko = ke + i .... ko, negative com-
bined with the emph. dem. ver-
bal particle i. I am or was not.
r^X-^formative prefix of reflexive form
in tenses which lose the ku ;
also in Bako:far all tenses.
eki diandi, an elliptic expressioit
equivalent to : he hoped, thought,
supposed, expected that—
Hia (=ke+i+a), I am not oi or from.
kia-...ko, neg. pref ist pers. sing.
applied to adjs., I am not (great,
&c.) ; omono kianene ko, I am
not great.
Kia, v.i.-{-\.o be clear, plain, evident,
to become time to commence ;
ezandu dikiele, the market
has commenced.
sia oku kukiele, v., to give the
fullest information.
Kiakala, 5, «., mankind, males, the
male sex, as a class ; lungi-
sa e kento ye kiakala, as-
semble all the population (///.
all womankind and mankind —
note the order).
Kiakala, 5, «., bravery.
songa mwika a kiakala, to evi-
dence bravery.
Kiakala, 5, «., the genitals (male).
Kiakankamba, 5, n., one's own way
or will or good pleasure ; se
tuyiyambula e kiakankamba
kwa Nzambi, let us yield our-
Kiakankamba, continued.
selves up to God to do with us
as He will ; kadi i kiakanka
mba kiandi kiki, for this wa^
his good pleasure.
Kiakasa, 5, 71., diligence.
e kia-kia, ad-^f. (from kiata), all in a
row, in a long line or lines.
Kiala, 5, ;/., a garden round the house
in a town.
Kialati, 5, n., the only child ; kialati
kiame kiki, this is my only
child ; eyayi yau ayole yalati
yame, these are the only two
children I have had. If there
were others, but they are dead,
this word cannot be used.
Kialumuna, v.t., to arrange in a line,
set in a row.
Kialwa, 5, «., nest of twigs.
Kialwa, 5, n., a pair or brace of such
animals or birds which mate &
do not breed promiscuously, as
pigeons, the feline animals, &c.
Kiamakulu, adv., with the applied
form, never adjectivally {when
not at the end of a sente?ice the
article e may precede it), for
good, once for all.
wendele kiamakulu, he went for
good.
mpovele wo kiamakulu, I said so
• , once for all.
ofutidi zo e kiamakulu kakatuka
, muna mpasi zandi, he paid
for them once for all, to get out
of his trouble.
Kiambote ekio, i^iterj., farewell (in a
letter) ! here are my best
wishes !
Kiambu, 5, n. {from yambula), per-
mission. In Doutrina Christa
(1624) kiambu = sacrament
(f. 89).
Kiandu, 5, n., throne, the crown,
when used in the sense ^ the
king, the head of all authority
& government.
bayekwele kio kuna kiandu, they
gave it up to. the crown {i.e. the
I
(845 )
KlA-KlK
Kiandu, continued.
king) ; sec also tinder yekama,
App.
Kianga, 5, n. (Mbamba), a shelf.
Kiangula, 5> '^-^ impatience, eager-
ness, the inability to rest quietly
until something is accomplished,
anxiety (to, for, kia), anxiety
to complete something, excite-
ment, nervousness, the lack of
fortitude, endurance, lack of
nerve or patience in suffering,
kala ye kiangula, z^^, to be excited,
&c. (as above).
Kianzu, 5, w., short dry season
(Bako), planting season, sow-
ing time.
Kiatumuka, va., to be arranged in a
line, line up.
Kiatnmuna, v.t.. to arrange in a line.
Kiau tu nki, adv. ^ at the commence-
Dient of the sentence^ yes or no
indeed, certainly, by all means ;
kiau tu nki, wenda, go, by all
means.
Kibale, 5, n., a joint stock company, a
syllable.
;€> kibale, adv.^ together, in com-
panionship as a company, each
•, . taking part, in syllables.
Kibeni, rt., ordinary, usual, customary,
in general use, regular,
mpwata kibeni, the usual dress.
Kib.wanga, 5, ?z. + a small present,
recognition, earnest.
Kide-kide, 5, n.^ inseparability, indi-
visibility (of 2 or more separate
things).
kide-kide, adv.^ inseparably, al-
ways together, indivisibly.
^ffi.diambu, 5, ;/., a small matter ; omu
^K kidiambu oko waleka, a re-
^H spectful preamble for the com-
^H' mencement of an address {lit.
^Ki as for the insignificant matter,
in your honourable presence).
Kidibila, ■?/., to go backwards & for-
wards.
Kkiele kaka, adv.^ whenever or as
.......
Kiekielela, v.t., to laugh at, ridicule,
deride, chaff.
Kiekwa, 5, 7/.=kiyekwa, App.
Kieleka, 5, ;/.
e kieleka kiau, adv., surely, truly,
without or no doubt.
e kieleka kiau, i yandi yuyu, no
doubt it is he.
sia e yeleka (;>/.), v., to demon-
strate, prove, to put forth all
the evidences of truth,
songa e yeleka {J>1. 5), 7/., give the
true version, so to state a case
or make a defence.
Kielwa, 7/., to be or sit up all night,
to have the morning dawn upon
one.
Eiema, v.i., to get into trouble {a de-
risive, scornful expression).
Kiememe, 5, n., a hope which never
ought to have been entertained,
baseless, only to be disap-
pointed.
sia e kiememe, 7/., to hope, as above.
Kiengele, 5, ^/., a mass.
kiengele kia etadi (8), a huge mass
of rock, a boulder,
kiengele kia nti (4), an enormous
tree.
Kienze, 5, n., a vivid impression, a
very distinct recollection, some-
thing indelible from the me-
mory.
Kienzi, 5, n. (Bako.)=kiese, p. 296.
Kiesa, v.t., to make clear, plain, evi-
dent, to state clearly, plainly.
Kievo, 5, n., a long beard.
Kieya, 5, n. (Bako.), a joke, chaff,
jest, fun.
ta kieya, to joke,jest,makefun,chaff.
Kiezi, 5, n., wildness, rage, fury.
-akiezi, «., with wth derivative
nouns & of water, wild, fierce.
ayezi {pi. form), a., wild, savage,
fierce, furious.
Kika (0 meso,//. 7), v-t., to block the
view, screen from.
Kika, V.
ekaya -kika dia... ; see tinder
ekaya, App.
KiK-KiM
Kikaka, 6, n.,a. being apart, separate,
-akikaka, a., separate, detached
e kikaka, adv., in a separate con-
dition, in separation, apart,
aside, elsewhere,
e kikaka yo or muna, pre/>.,
apart from, yo zs used ivith
persons ; muna with things.
Kikilu, adv. {after a verb), at once,
immediately ; OVaikidi kikilu
kuna mbazi, he went out at
once.
Kiko, 5, n., the house of one's father
& mother-in-law (the husband's
only).
kuna kiko kiame, at my mother-
in-law's.
Kikristu, 5, n., Christianity.
Kikwa, 5, n., a portion or part (of
anything, not a share or piece
broken oj^), one of the parts of
the body, a member of the body.
Kila, 5, n., a basin, bowl.
Kilembi.
muna kilembi (wa, &c.)— , what
(I, (Sic.) do not hear, &c.), is
that— ; muna kilembi wa vo
wele, I do not hear that he has
gone, but he has.
Kilo, 2, «., a kilo or kilogramme,
kilo-, 1,000 of the standards of mea-
surement {e.g. kilometa= kilo-
metre, 1,000 metres).
Kimbalu, 5, n., value, work.
muna kimbalu, adv., by calculation.
. muna kimbalu— (kwiza ke-
kwiza), what (I, &:c.) think is
that — (he will come) ; I think
that (he will come).
Kimbangumuna, 5, n., total, sum.
sia e kimbangumuna, v., to add up,
ascertain the sum.
Kimbembe, 5, ^z.-fa small hawk.
-akimbenena, a., self-sown, growing
of itself.
Kimbinda, 5, n., something that is
unknown, a locked up mystery,
a mystery.
Kimbonga, Si n., a whirlwind.
e kimbonga-nsi, adv.^ straight down
Kimbonga, conti?iued.
into the earth ; nutima e ki-
mbonga-nsi, dig straight down.
Kimbulu, 5, «., a small succulent
grass, growing in damp places,
&. good for stock.
Kimbwatakala, 5, n., a small bottle.
Kimeme-meme, 5, 71., a little sheep, a
lamb.
Kimeta, 5, 71., the metric system.
Kimfinangani, 5, n., closeness, nar-
rowness, nearness.
Kimfinga, 5, 7i., a casing of knitted or
" French knitted " string work
with which to repair something
broken ; " French knitting."
Kimfini, 5, n., nearness, closeness,
together.
e kimfini, adv., close together,
very near.
e kimfitu (5), adv., headlong, head
foremost.
ta or bwa e kimfitu, to fall head-
long.
Kimfumbi, 5, n. (Bako.), murderous
ways, the habit of murdering.
Kimona.
muna kimona—, what (I, &c.) see
is that —
Kimona-meso, 5, a great sight, spec-
tacle, wonderful vision.
e kimona-meso, adv., evidently,
• clearly visible, clear & plain
before one ; as in actual vision,
as in a vision, in a vision.
e kimosi, adv., in the singular.
Kimpa, 5, 71., patterns, device, design.
Kimpadi, 5, «., a short, black, thick,
bony fish.
Kimpadi, 5, n. (Bako.)=mpadi.
Kimpanda-ngongo, 5, «., the slight
mound raised by a certain
species of white ant.
Kimpanga-nkanu, 5, ;/., a shackle by
which a prisoner is fastened to
his keeper.
Kimpewa, 5, n. (Bako.), shade.
Kimpindi, 5, «., something unknow-
- -able, a mystery.
Kimpodi, 5, «., a bag with a running
( 847 )
KlM-KlN-
Ximpodi, conlinued.
string sewn into & around its
neck.
Kimpozi, 5, n. (Bako.), shade.
Kimpuka, 5, w., a cunning, wicked
fellow, one whose wits go to
wickedness.
Ximpungi, 5, n.^ one who performs on
the ivory horn or cornet.
Kimungwizi, 5, w., governorship, a
position of authority.
Kimvunze, 5, ;/ , a small bird which
does not build a nest of its own,
but lays in old nests. Colour,
black, with white markings on
breast.
Ximwanda, 5, ?/., that which belongs
to a spirit as such, spiritual na-
ture &: characteristics.
-akimwanda, a., spiritual.
"6 kimwanda, odv.^ spiritually, from
a spiritual standpoint.
Xina VO, ) conj.^ seeing that,
wau kina vo, \ since, now that,
forasmuch as, for since, the real
answer is —
inantangwa kina vo= wau kina
vo.
Kinana vo=kina vo.
Kindakesa, ■t^.,.to perplex, confound.
Kindakidi, 5, «., alcohol.
Kindama, v.i.^ to stand still, immov-
able, firm, secure, be stationary,
stay, halt, pause, be silent, quiet.
Xindika, v.t.^ to cause to stand still,
• pause, stop, keep still, be silent,
remain immovable, firm, secure,
restrain, delay, check, impede,
idokela, 5, n.
lika e kindokela (5), 7/., to place
the left thumb at the base of
the little finger and clap it on
the palm of the right hand, an
act of respect when a great
chief drinks in public or speaks
&c. or to request him to ex-
cuse something which has irri-
tated him.
[a kindokela (Bako.), to snap the
finger & thumb.
Kindnkulu, 5, «., the fruit of u
variety of the egg-plant (Lezo).
Kindumba, 5, n.
nkwa kindumba, a hoyden, a fast
girl, a girl of loose character,
kindumba-amwenze, 5,;/., virginity.
Kindumbalala, > 5, w., a little girl {a
Kindumbelele, \ woman's woni).
Kindumbi, ) 5, ;/., a club or part-
Kindumbizi, i nership of women.
e kindumbi or kindumbizi, to-
gether, in companionship, each
providing a part.
Kindundu, 5, ;/., loan at interest.
Kindungu, 5, w., a compound of
crushed ground nuts (arachids),
pepper & salt.
Kinene, ) 5, «., the great one, a
Kinene-anza, \ title of profound
respect, as chief of all, & there-
fore applied only to Ntotela,
the king.
e kingenga, adv.^ apart, aside, in pri-
vate.
Kingengele, 5, w., a tumour.
Kingoma, 5, ;/., a drummer.
Kingoyongo, 5, ;/., chain, fetter, man-
acle, the "fork" or any in-
.strument io\: the fastening of a
prisoner.
Kingrekia, 5, w., the Greek language
&: customs.
Kingumba, 5, ;/., a wild, reckless,
lawless fellow.
Kingunda, 5, n., a hunchback, de-
formed person.
Kingnindu, 5, n., a very strong fellow,
very muscular man.
kini, V. defective^ pcrf. only (Bako.),
to be still, yet ; akaka bakini
kuna maza, some are still at
the water ; ke bakini kwiza
ko, they have not yet come.
Kinkala, 5, «., a kick.
tua e kinkala, v.^ to kick.
Kinkani, 5, ;/., the most remorseless
pertinacity & obstinacy in main-
taining one's point, plan, carry-
ing out one's revenge or in
making the best of a thing &
Kin-Kin
getting the utmost out of it,
Jicnce the economy that makes
the most of things, cuts the
cloth to the best advantage, &c.
Kinketa, 5, n. (Bako.), chrysahs.
Kinkonzo, 5, ;z. + ugliness.
Kinkundila, 5, //., an epiphytic plant
growing on the nsafu.
Kinkwa, 5, n., fellowship, companion-
ship
Kinsampala, 5, ??, a contagious skin
disease (a lepra ?) commencing
with rings of lighter coloured
skin, which spread & in bad
cases break down into ulcers.
Kinsamu, 5, «., news, intelligence.
Kinsamuna, 5, n.
mwana a kinsamuna kakala
mpasi ko (Proverb), to: make
a long story short,
-akinsamuna, adj., unknown before,
long a mystery.
diambu (7) diakinsamnna, won-
derful news, astonishing intel-
ligence, the information of some-
thing surprising which was never
heard of before, the explanation
or clearing up of a mystery.
Kinsanga, 5, «.
vongola e kinsanga, v., to weep
profusely.
Kinsansa, 5, //.
sika e kinsansa, v.^ to snap the
finger & thumb.
Kinsia-mazi, 5, n., a light green grass-
hopper (i*) which makes a great
noise at night (edible, "very
fat ").
Kinsiedi, 5, a green grasshopper (?)
which makes a great noise at
night (edible).
Kinsiedi, 5, n. (Bako.), a small black
fish.
Kinsukulu, 5, w., the fruit of a variety
of the egg-plant (Lezo, 6).
Kinsusubwila, 5, «., a very small
fowl.
-akinswekamena, «., hidden, con-
cealed, secret. .
Kinsweki.
kuna kinsweki, adv., privately,,
secretly.
Kintanda, 5, «.
takintanda(Bako.), ] ?/., to clasp
zinga e kintanda, \ the hands
over the head,
Kintanta, 5, ;z., inability to do as one
would, utter helplessness.
mona e kintanta, v., to be utterly
helpless, unable to move.
sia e kintanta, to place in such a
condition, render helpless,
Kintekwa, 5, n. (Bako.), chrysalis.
-akintete, a., first, of the first time,
vana kintete, adv., at first.
Kintungila, 5, ;z., a column (of smoke)^
a columnar cloud, the pillar of
cloud.
Kintwadi, 5, /z.-f communion, com-
munity, fellowship, companion-
ship.
Kinyambi, 5, ;z. In the year 1885
there appeared in Kongo people
from Luanda or thereabouts
telling the following story : A
m.an caught a fish, and was
proceeding to kill it ; the fish
begged him not to kill it, for
any one drinking water which
came from its mouth {or in
which it had remained for any
time) would never die by fair
means or from natural causes ;
only by witchcraft could their
death be accompHshed. This
water was hawked about the
country and believed in very
thoroughly by great numbers
even in San Salvador itself. It
really promised very little, when
the firm native belief in witch-
craft is remembered ; it was,
nevertheless, a great success
as a means of duping the ig-
norant, foolish people. When it
was seen that the purchasers
died like ordinary mortals the
traffic ceased. Note elembe,
kiyoka (App.) for like crazes.
( 849 )
KiN-Kiv
Kinyenge, } 5 ;,. (Bako.), sand.
Kmyengese, ) ^'
rzazi, 5, «., a hard, white, bright
metal, such as tin and the al-
loys of tin, antimony & lead or
hard tin solder.
zenze, 5, //., a cricket (small), /te;ice
insects of that species gene-
rally.
Kinzieta, 5, n., the surroundings, en-
vironment.
e kinzieta, adv., all round, around.
fonga e kinzieta,?'., to sit around.
Kinziongololo, 5, ;/. (Bako.), a whirl-
pool.
Kinzola-nzola, 5, «., insatiability, ap-
r petite, haste (for), craving ; a/so
an insatiable person.
Kinznnga, 5, «.,solitariness, loneliness.
-akinzunga, a., lone, solitary, stand-
ing alone.
e kiokiolo, 1 (pi. 7), adv., excessively
e kiolo, \ bitter ; nlongo una
wina 6 kiolo, that medicine is
excessively bitter.
Kiolo, 5, n., a huge—
kiolo kia nioka, a huge snake.
Kiololoka, vj'., to utter a cry of sur-
prise, be astonished, astounded,
amazed.
Kiongomena, 5, n., reluctance, fear,
dread, shrinking.
kalaye or sia e kiongomena, v., be
reluctant, &c.
Kioto, 5, n. (Zombo), lire.
Kipalu, adv., quickly.
Kipodi, 5, n.
Ie kipodi, ad?/., on trust, on credit, on
account, without interest being
chargeable until date ; to take
anything e kipodi implies that
a date of settlement has been
fixed, and if the article is paid
for then, no usury will be
charged.
Kiswa, 5, u., babyhood.
Kita, z/.Z-j-to buy up.
Kita, 5, ;/., something appearing so
vividly to the mind that it is as
though visible to the eyes.
Kita, continued.
[pi. bita (Bako.)], shadow, shade
reflection.
Kitima, 7/./., to bum up with a roar.
Kitima, v.t., to shudder, shake (with
cold, fear or horror), to (6) or
ntima (4) is geticrally men-
tioncd.
Kitumnka, v.i., to undergo a radical
change (of heart, not of out-
ward shape).
Kitumnka, v.i., to start, jump with
pai7i, fright or shock.
Kitumuna, ?/., to bring about a change
(of heart, not of outward form).
Kinbi, 5, n. (Bako.), an axe.
Kinbula, v.i., to swallow whole or (of
liquids) with one gulp.
Kiudi, 5, «., one who is accursed ;
ongeye u kiudi, you are cursed.
Kiudi, l,n. (Bako.), a good place, fine
situation.
Kiumbu, 5, n. (P. chumbo), lead.
Kiundu, 5, n., a scent (a hunting
term), a whiff of scent, some
small, very imperfect intelli-
gence of something.
Kiusi, 5, n. (Bako.), a boy, lad.
Kivova.
muna kivova— (wina kuna), what
(I, &c.) say is that — (he is
there).
Kivunda, 5, n., whooping cough.
Kiwa.
muna kiwa — , what (I, &c.) hear is
that— ; muna kiwa vo wele,
I hear that he is gone.
Kiyekwa (kia), 5, «., charge (of),^
authority (over).
kala ye kiyekwa kia, v., to be sq
charge of.
sia 6 kiyekwa kia, v., to place-
in charge of, make responsible
for.
Kiyibri, 5, n., the Hebrew language
& customs.
Kiyila, v.t., to visit, pay a visit to.
Kiyitu, 5, n., the place where one's
relations live.
Kiyoka, 5, n. About the year 1872
31
KiY-Kiz
( 850 )
Kiyoka, co7itiniied.
some natives of Luanda (?)
came through the country-
preaching a crusade against
fetishes of all kinds, and the
disorder of the country, induc-
ing the natives in town after
town to destroy all their fetishes,
assuring them that since death
and sickness came by the exer-
cise of the black art, which every
one fully believes, if then every
fetish were destroyed, and no
more made, there would be no
more death or suffering. Far
and wide the most strenuous
efforts were made to accomplish
the destruction of all charms
to that happy end. They also
denounced the lawlessness &
violence of the country, rob-
bery and murder were rife, tra-
velling impossible (see elembe),
the strong chiefs raided & en-
slaved at pleasure. They sug-
gested a series of draconic laws,
which enacted that a murderer
or one who attempts murder
must be put to death, no matter
of what rank or for what cause,
even in self-defence ; all raids
& violence to be punished by
the chiefs of the district, & in-
stituted the system of nkuwu,
Village after village accept-
ed these suggestions, burned
their fetishes, and adopted the
system of nkuwu; even Nto-
tela, in San Salvador, had to
bow to public opinion, although
kiyoka never entered San Sal-
vador. The time of this dawn-
ing of a golden age, as they
expected, is called the tandu
kia nkuwu. Note also elembe
&: kinyambi for like national
movements and fancies.
Ziyowa-nklila, 5, ;/., the bridegroom
(so called from the custom of
rubbing a cosmetic of powdered
Kiyowa-nkiila, cotitmiied.
camwood all over the body on
so festal an occasion).
Kizengi, 5, ?/., the language of the
Ndembo mystery (p. 506). The
vocabulary is but small, and
very feeble as a sample of in-
genuity ; some examples arc
given below. Where there i
no special word, the ordinary
Kongo word is preceded by
the syllable ne, and when it is
desired further to hide it Iwa
is added ; ke diambu ko m"ba-
zi tukwenda appears thics: —
ke ne diambulwa ne ko ne
kiayi kia nengundu yalala
tukwenda ne ngyalala.
bokota, to speak.
fimba, to seek.
kiabandwa, a head.
kiayi kia nengundu, to-morrow.
nebweyi=aweyi, how, what.
nefimbi, a dog, a searcher, spy.
nekiabandwa, a head.
nemavuzi, a fowl.
nembumba, luku pudding.
nembweno, an eye.
nembwesena, to see.
nemionzi, an arm or leg.
nempetekwa, vegetables, greens.
nengwilu, an ear.
nenkulu-nenkulu, an uninitiated
person.
nentoko, finery.
nenzwanga, meat.
neputu, fire.
nesansilu, a house.
nevodia, a month.
nevonda, a gun, knife, stick or any
instrument of murder.
ngunguka, to depart, leave.
ntodia, pipe (tobacco).
tika, to die or sleep.
tikisa, to eat or drink.
toka, to boil.
yalala, to go.
yoya, to speak.
wamba, water.
zonongwa, yesterday.
851 )
KOB-KOM
Eoba, 6, ;/. (Bako.), a lip.
Koba, 7'./., to be thoroughly estab-
lished, settled, furnished, well
set up, well found, get a
tliorough hold (as a disease) ;
twatoma koba muna Kifwa-
lansa, we were well up in
French ; yela kukobele, the
disease has taken a thorough
hold.
Kodi-kodi, 6, n. (Bako.), thirst.
Kofoka, v.i., to be indented, battered
in, concave.
-akofoka, a., indented, concave, re-
treating (of the forehead), hol-
low (of the eyes).
Koka, 6, w., a rough or old cloth to
wear at one's work.
Koka, 7/.Z. -f-to be quit of a business
or palaver, to have finished
some important matter or work,
to be released ; also to come
out, be knocked out (of a tooth),
to fall (as a flower when
withered) ; antu, koka meno,
what a dense surging crowd !
(///. people ! one's teeth knocked
out).
Kokama, v.i. (Bako.), to become preg-
nant.
Kokama, v.i., to be caught, ensnared,
entrapped.
Kokanisa, v.t. (Bako.) = komba
(Bako.), App.
Koka-titi, 6, ;/., an ivory horn giving
the note of lower " do " in the
chord to which they are set.
Okeka, r/./.-f to catch (with a hook
or snare), ensnare.
(pkela, 7.'. /.-{-draw away, lead off,
[ fetch away (in quantity), to lead
away by fair promises or ex-
cuses.
okela, 6, «., seductive promises.
Koko, 9, 11.
yala o moko, v., to hand or receive
upon the open palms of the
hands, an attitude of great or
due respect.
vutula or twika or tambula yo
«
Koko, continued.
moko kwalu, to return or send
or receive with much respect,
i.e. with the palms of the hands
uppermost,
kwalu probably from the Mbamba
word kwala=yala.
Eoko, locative.
-a koko ya kuna, a., everlasting,
eternal, then & for ever.
Kokoma, v.i., to stutter, stammer,
have an impediment in one's
speech, also to vacillate (of
the mind) ; ntima audi uko-
koma kaka, his mind vacil-
lates, now inclined this way,
now that.
Kokoma, 9, «., hesitation, vacillation,
stuttering.
Kokomesa ntima (4), v., to vacil-
late, be very changeful in one's
mind.
Kokomoka, v.i., to move heavily &
slowly, to go in a mass.
Kokosi, 6, «., a huge, immense thing ;
se tadi, e kokosi ya mpungi,
look at those huge tusks of
ivory.
Kola, 6, n., a small branch which can
be broken off easily by the hand.
Kole, adv., in the second place.
e ngingu kole, see ngingu, App.
Koleka, v.i. (Bako.), to take a thorough
hold (as a disease), become very
severe ; mpazi zingi zikolekele
muna nitu audi, his sufferings
became very great.
Kolela, v.t., to trim (a lamp), knock
the ash off (a torch).
Kolowa, 2, ;/. (P. coroa), a crown,
diadem.
Kolwa (6) kia malavu {pi. 8), n.
(Bako.), a wine-drinker, a drunk-
ard.
Komangesa, v.t., to ram, crowd, force
(things into something).
Komba, v.t. (Bako.), to clean a child
which has made a mess.
Dka, v.i., to go, come,
very slowly or stealthily.
KOM-KUB
(852 )
-akomboka, p.^ slow.
Komboloka, vd., to be shrunken in
(of the abdomen of an emaciated
person).
Komoka, v.i., to rot & swarm with
maggots.
Komoka, v.i.^ to slowly wear away,
disappear, erode, fade.
Komoka, 7/.z., to be reduced to ashes.
Komona, v.t., to reduce to ashes.
Komona, 7/./., to slowly wear away,
erode.
Kompodia, 6, ;/., a pot-hole, a great
cavity.
Kompola, v.t.^ to render concave.
Kompoloka, 7/./.=: komboloka, App.
Kona, v.t.^ to scrape off (something
which has been daubed on or
has adhered).
Kona, 7/.Z., to be compressed.
Konda, v.t.-k-\.o endeavour by one
question & another to find out
another's intentions.
Kondeka, v.^ to stalk and kill or catch,
Kondelela, 7/./.+to watch (with evil
purpose).
Koneka, v.t.^ to compress, press.
Koni, 6, «., pressure (dynamic or
moral), the platen of a printing
or other press.
Konka dio (yo), vJ., to arrange it
with (someone), make an ar-
rangement ; bakonkele dio yo
mfumu a evata, they ar-
ranged it with the chief of the
town.
Konko-tatu, 6, n., a triangle.
Konkolola, ?'./., to take under one's
protection, to assume the care
of, to take charge (as an or-
phan, helpless or destitute per-
son).
Konkota, v.t.^ to fix, settle, appoint.
konkota e lumbu (6), to fix the day.
Konso, rt.+each, every.
konso is frequently followed by yo
(&c.), as below, the yo not being
translated in English ; konso
mnntu ye mbele andi, every
man his knife.
Konto (Bako.)= konso.
Kota (muna), v.i.,io cost (altogether) ;
zikotele muna ntaku tanu,
they cost five ntaku ; kwa
kikotele? what did it cost?
mu kwa ikotele yau eyole?
how much did they cost the two?
e nkombo zame zikotele muna
ntaku 500, my goats cost alto-
gether 500 brass rods.
Kotama, v.i., to be sad.
Koteka, v.t., to make sad.
Kosi, 6, 71., integrity, uprightness, pro-
priety, correctness of behaviour,
manner, style or diction.
-akosi, a., right, just, proper, cor-
rect, in good grammar and
idiom, thorough, most profound.
Koya, v.i., to be hard & dry.
e koyo {pi. 6), adv., very dry & hard ;
{when used in reference to the
face) with a scowl.
Krisolite, 2, ti., chrysolite.
Krisoprase, 2, n., chrysoprase.
Ku, 6, ;/., stocks, fetters.
oku mpe, still, however, yet, at the
same time, in estimating pros.
&^ cons.; edi mbenze vo i
yandi, kansi oku mpe, ke
mpolo andi ko, 1 think that it
is he, but still it is not his face ;
wau...oku mpe, while. ..at the
same time ; "wau nzolele kio
sumba, oku mpe kina ya nzi-
mbu ko, while I want to buy
it, at the same time I have no
money.
Kuba, v.i., to crow, strike (of a clock),
toll, ring (of a bell) ; edingi-
dingi ekoko diame dikubi-
di nkuba tatu, my fowl crowed
three times at midnight.
Kuba, v.t., to contribute, give a con-
tribution.
Kuba, v.t., to begin to build a house,
put in the mainposl, the first
sticks or stones, lay the foun- !
dation.
Kube, 2, 71. (Fr. cube), a cube.
-akube, a., cubic.
(853)
KUB-KUM
Kubika, ?'./., to prepare a decision in
a court, to consider a sentence,
come to decision, to make up
one's mind, determine (a mat-
ter), judge.
Kubikila, 7/,/., to advise, counsel, re-
commend.
kakutukubikila twasoneka, he
advised us to write.
Knbulula, v.t., to bring up, train up
(as a child).
I Kubululwa, 6, ;/., a foster-child.
j Kufianunga, v. rejl., to tiy, make an
attempt to do something, well
knowing it to be hopeless.
Kufwila, V. rcjl., to die of one's own
accord, not by external violence,
also^ ivithoitt the above idea, to
perish, to be dead & beyond
all hope, to be utterly destroyed
& of no further use, to become
useless, to come to nothing,
prove abortive,
kufwila owu...ko, conj., not losing
I sight (allowing to become no-
thing) of the fact that — , in spite
I^H of the fact that — , although,
I^H though, even if; kufwila OWU
I^B insamunwini wo ko, although
^^■^ I told him so ; kufwila OWU
^^F kena ko vo mwana ame, al-
^^B though he is my son ; kufwila
^^ft owu okwenda ko, even if you
^^Bnifwila wau ko, co?iJ., notwith-
^^B standing that, still, not forget-
^^^K ting what was before mentioned
^^F or in spite of it.
Kuka, vi., to be redeemed, ransomed.
^JLukengesa, v. refl., withdraw from
^H fellowship, cut oneself off from
^* society.
Kukenka, v. 7'cjl., to keep far from,
to avoid very carefully, be very
cautious, circumspect, discreet.
Kukita, V. rejl.^ to make oneself out
(to be), to feign, pretend (to be).
Kukolela, refl., to prosper, hence the
farewell : nwiyikolela, fare ye
well ; wiyikolela, farewell.
Kuku, 6, w., a small hoe.
Kuku,//. 6, «., rough, dirty appear-
ance, grime, tarnished.
kala e kuku ye mvindu,.?'., to be
grimed with dirt.
Kukula, v.t.y to catch and carry away.
Kukumuna, v.t., to carry away (as a
flood or crowd).
Kukundidika, v. lejl., to be ambitious,
assume airs &. position above
one's station in life.
Kula, TA/.-fto buy at a high or any
price.
Kulaka, ) v. rejl.^ to elbow one's
Kulkkasa, ) way violently (into a
place), to force oneself into.
Kulana,!'./., to chase the fleeing in war.
Kuluka, v.i,-\-\.o take a thorough hold
(of a disease).
Kulula, 7/./.-hto urge one not to carry
out his intention.
Kululuka, v.i., to be very much as-
tonished, to be astounded, won-
der, marvel, also to make a
noise expressive of the above.
Kuluntu, 6 & 12, n., headship, seni-
ority, assembly of the elders.
Kuluta, v.t., to scratch.
Kuma, ?/./.-!- to erect, set up, locate,
place, fix (a day).
Kuma, 6, n.
ke kala mu kuma ko or lembwa
e kuma, v., to be innocent.
Kuma, v.t., to ascend, climb.
kuma mongo a fwa, to breathe
the last gasp.
Kuma, 7'./., to pause.
Kumatele, 9, sing., a friend.
Kumba, v.i., to be noised abroad,
much talked of, be in every
one's mouth (used of informa-
tion or of the subject of the
report, whether good or bad).
Kumba, 7/./.-fto plane or make a
smooth level surface.
Kumbama,
to be always at,
generally found at.
Kumbi, 6, n., one who has been
initiated in the "mystery" of
the Elongo or the Eseka.
KuM-Kus
(854 )
Kumbi, 6, n. (Bako.) = madiuka
(App.).
Kumbi-kumM, 6,«., a lady-bird.
Kumbulula, v.t., to begin at the be-
ginning t& go carefully through
all the details of (a narrative).
Kumbulwila, vJ.^ to shout at de-
risively & roar with scornful
laughter.
Kumona, v. refl., to come to one's
senses, recover consciousness.
Kumosi (kuma understood), adv., in
the same manner or way, the
same, of the same mind, of one
accord, of one opinion ; as well,
even.
kala kumosi yo (&c.), to have deal-
ings, intercourse, be on friendly
terms with.
oyandi okwenda kumosi, he goes
as well or even he goes.
Kumpa, \vJ. + to set right, make
Kumpika,/ proper or of proper
length ; to cut neatly.
Kumu, 6, 91., the efficacy, practical re-
sult, effect.
-akumu, a., effectual, effective.
Kumuna, v.t., to wonder at, marvel at.
Kumvalala, v.i., to be stoically indif-
ferent, altogether regardless of
what is said or done, be obsti-
nate ; also to arrogate to oneself
a high position, be arrogant.
Kumvika. -^ v.t., to make arrogant,
Kumvidika, > render stoical, obsti-
nate.
Kuna, 12, «., a breed, "strain," stock,
family, race.
-a kuna wambote, of a good stock.
Kuna, locative.
kuna kwa, interj., what a — (in ridi-
cule or surprise) ; kuna kwa
nzongo! oh, what a charge !
tuka kuna ya kuna, from one
place to another.
Kunda, v.i., to make one's home, fre-
quent, haunt ; to remain at
home or in stock or in hand.
Kunda, 6, ;;., a layer, a stratum, story
(in a building).
Kundakana, v.i., to lie across, be
crossed.
Kundakesa, v.t., to place one athwart
another, to cross ; to heap on,
pile on.
Kundalala, v.i., to stand or appear
high up above others ; to tower,
be lofty, exalted, great, very
noble, honoured.
Kundidika, v.t., to make great, noble,
to exalt in station, to honour.
Kundika, v.t., to put more, add to.
Kundikila, v.t., to raise up upon some
support.
Kunga, v.t., to gather together.
Kungendela, v.t. {applied form of
\LweYi^2i, with prefix of the isf
pers.), to go for me.
Kungizila, v.t. {applied form of kwi-
za, with prefix of 1st pers.
si?tg.), to come for me.
Kungu, 6, 71., a height.
Kuniunga, v. refl., to enter rudely or
without leave.
Kunka (e diambu), v.t., to repeat an
instruction to make sure that it
is understood.
Kunkuka, v.i., to get, come, down
from some high position, be
dethroned, degraded, to ab-
dicate.
muna bwa yo kunkuka, sur-
rounded by dangers (///. amid
to fall & to totter iS: fall).
Kunkuka, v.i., to be complete, per-
fect, quite finished.
Kunkula, v.i., to take, push, pull,
down from some high position,
to order to come down, de-
throne, depose, degrade {used
ifi reference to persons only).
Kunkula, v.t., to complete, perfect,
bring to perfection.
Kusakidika, v. refl., to humble one's
self; to take too moderate or
too small a quantity.
Kusaula yo, v. refl., to be angry
with.
Kusemba, v. refl., to scold one's self.
Kus^mba, v. refl., to boast, brag.
( 855 )
Kus-KUY
Kus^nga, v. refi.^ to reveal, expose
one's self to view, to discover
one's self.
ditomene kusenga vo— , it is very
clear that —
Kusia muna, v, re/l., to give or set
one's self to, to devote one's
self to, to take up with.
kusia vana esambu dimosi, v., to
be partial (in judgment).
Kuta, v.t., to tie.
Euta, 6, n., capital in trade, the sum
of one's belongings, property,
possessions, capital in slaves &
other effects which may be
realised.
Kutalala, v.i., to be drawn into folds
or puckers, to pucker up.
Kutamina, v. rejl., to be allowed to
have one's way, do, choose, &c.,
as one will, to have free course,
carte blanche.
i Kutamisa, v. rejl.^ to allow any one to
! do, choose, &c., as he likes, to
give carte blanche.
Kutidika, v.t., to draw together in
I folds or puckers, to pucker up.
\ Kuti-kuti, 6, n.^ a crowd, herd, flock,
i group, cluster.
' Kutisa, v.t.^ to gather (things) together.
Kutisa, vJ.^ to allow to escape, have
escape from one.
Kutn, 8, ;/.,//. makutu (Bako.), an
I ear.
iutn, 9, n.
matu ma mpu (2), brim of a hat.
Bia omu matu, v., to take in, accept
as true, believe.
Utula, v.t. {the subject must be per-
sonal)^ to prevent ; unkutwidi
kwenda yadi kwenda, he
prevented my going.
Tltula, v.t.^ to buy (a slave only).
Kutwa, ^'.z., to escape (from peril).
Kuva, -z/.z.+to be very tough, tough &
WSjm unfit to be eaten, hence old &
^P useless.
Kuvaka, v. refi.^ to attempt or assume
something too great, to strive,
endeavour, try (to do, make.
Kuvaka, continued.
carry, &c., something beyond
one's power), to affect great
abilities.
Kuvaka, 9, ;/., assumption, preten-
tiousness.
Kuvalala, v.i. , see kumvalala, App.
Kuvava, v. rejl., to take one's self off,
withdraw, to leave as one avoid-
ing observation, also to be
estranged, indifferent, distant,
to have nothing to do (with
= muiia), to keep clear of.
Kuvavila, v. refi.^ provide or care for
one's self.
Kuvidika, 7AA=kumvidika.
Kuvukika, v. rejl., to deceive one's
self, to pretend.
Kuvula, V. rejl., to throw something
huge into the water.
Kuvumuna, v.t., to throw something
great into the water.
Kuvungika, v. rejl., to deceive one's
self, to pretend.
Kuvunina, i, «., a hypocrite, dissem-
bler, one who pretends to be
what he is not.
Kuvunina, 9, «., hypocrisy, deception.
-akuvwila, a., of his («&c.) own, be-
longing to himself ; kena ya
mbele akuvwila ko, he has no
knife of his own.
Kuwdmba, v. refl.., to go stealthily,
without attracting attention, to
go, come, get away, pass
through, out or in, without
being interfered with, un-
scathed, unhurt, safely, safe &
sound ; wele ayiwombi, he
took himself off without inter-
ference.
Kuyekola, v. refl., to give oneself
up.
Kuyekola (muna), v. rejl., to effect
one's release (from), get one's
self quit (oft).
Kuyenda, v.
When the prefix ku is applied to the
verb kwenda, the resultant
form is kuyenda, to go to. //
KUY-KWE
( 856 )
Kuyenda, coiitinued.
follotvs the same rules as kuyi-
za, which see.
Knyi-, see kwiyi, A pp.
Kuyiza.
When the prefix ku is applied to
kwiza, the restdtant form is
kuyiza, iS^c. Kungiza, to
come to me ; kuyiza, to come
to you {sing.) ; kunyiza, to
come to him or her ; kutuyiza,
to come to us ; kunuyiza, to
come to you {pi.) ; kubayiza,
kwayiza or kwahayiza, to
come to them. Its conjugation
is like any other verb having y
for its initial, which has received
the prcf. ku, kuyinga, to drive
you; kuiigyeka(ku+n+yeka),
to appoint me, &c. ; kimbevo
kiambi kingizidi, a bad com-
plaint has come to me.
Kuza, 7aA, to urge or exhort us to no
purpose.
Kuzaya, v. refl., to come to one's
self or senses, recover con-
sciousness.
Kuzengela, v. rcfi., to be prejudiced.
Kuzengeneka, v. refl., to be utterly
astounded, dumbfounded, mar-
vel.
Kuzika, v.t., to make very sure or se-
cure, tighten, insist very strongly
upon, be very emphatic about,
lay emphasis on, emphasize, be
very earnest about, be diligent.
Kuzolela, v. refl.^ to be very strong-
willed.
Kuzolela, 9, n., strong will.
Kuzuka e elongi (8) or nkanikinu
(4), (Jcc, 7/., to act contrary to
instruction or advice or order,
&c., to transgress.
Kwa, 6, «., a portion, allotted part,
share.
-akwa, «., of (such and such a town,
clan, &c.) ; Nsafu akwa Ki-
mbanda, Nsafu of Kimbanda ;
a mfumu zakwa Ewombe,
the chief of Ewombe.
Kwa, cofitinued.
-akwa kwa, a., which is (&c.) from,
from — ; lukau lualu luakwa
kwa Nlemvo, this present is
from Nlemvo.
Kwa- ( = ke wa-) negative of pre/. 2
pers. sifig. applied to adjectives.^
thou art not ; kwambote ko,
thou art not good.
Kwa, see under kuma (p. 312).
Kwaka ! interj., click ! crack !
scratch !
Kwaka, v.., run.
Kwakidila, v.i., to run very fast,
Kwakumuka, v.i., to cackle, talk on
endlessly.
Kwala (Mbamba), 7/.=yala.
Kwalati,6, w., a stroke, mark, scratch.
Kwalu, see ujider koko, App.
Kwamananana, v.i., to persist in, be
ceaselessly, constantly ...ing.
Kwaminini, 6, ;z., continuousness,
ceaselessness, unceasing per-
formance of, perseverance.
Kwanga, 6, ;z. + bread,
kwanga kiatumbama, the shew-
bread.
Kwangula, v., to beat (with a stick).
Kwankuna, v.t., to grind down.
Kwanza, v.t. (Bako.), to scratch
graze, wound the surface.
Kwata, v.t., catch, catch hold of.
Kwatika, v.i., to scratch (as a claw or
nail).
Kwaya, v.i., to talk constantly.
Kwayalaj-z^.z., to be sore (of the throat).
Kwempa (Kib.), v.t., to scrape (=ve-
mpa).
Kwenda, v. -f to ebb (of the tide).
kwenda e bambala (6), v., to ac-
cord, agree, coincide, be equal
or the same, be fulfilled.
Kwendelela, v.i., to go hurriedly or
(of things) get bundled in, get
in by mistake.
Kwendelela, v., to go in abundance
(of things).
Kwendelelwa, v., to have come to one
in abundance, to have abun-
dance.
( 857)
Kwe-Lak
Kwendelesa, ^., to take, have too
many, to take in abundance.
Kwenkona, v.t.^ to prevaricate.
Kweza, \ v.t., to impress a mark, to
Kwezeka, ^ press upon & leave a
mark, print, imprint, make an
impression.
Kwezi, 6, «., a doctor's fee, the per-
quisite & pay of a blacksmith.
Kwezi, 6, w., a machine or apparatus
for impressing or printing, a
printing press.
Kwezika, v.t. (Bako.), to finish off
well, add a good finish.
Kwezo, 6, «., an imprint, impression,
something imprinted.
Kwikana, v.i., to be believed (of a
matter), to be agreed, arranged ;
ozevo dikwikanini,it is agreed
then.
Kwikanisa, vJ., to cause to be be-
lieved,
Xwikanisa,^/., to give ^rjoin in assent.
Kwikaziana, v., to believe each other,
to agree together.
Kwikidila, v.t., to believe (a per-
son).
Xwikidisa, v.t. {when not the caitsa-
j iive of kwikila), to join in the
belief, be convinced. This form
is itot a causative., but the sel-
Idoni-applied form which de-
notes assistance rendered in an
action J see yelesa, sadisa, ke-
mbesa; so kwikidisa may be
the causative of kwikila, ^ so
mean to cause to believe, i.e. to
convince ; or to be one with
those who believe, i.e. be con-
vinced.
Kwikisi, 6 (Bako.), \ «., that which is
Kwikizi, 6, j believed, belief,
creed, faith, religion in that
sense ; something to call for be-
Hef, evidence of truth.
Kwikizi, 12, n.., trustworthy nature,
faithfulness, reliability, worthi-
ness of all trust & confidence.
-akwikizi, a., sure, reliable, trust-
worthy, faithful.
Ewilu, 9, n. (Makuta), greed, greedi-
ness.
Kwima, v.i., to blaze.
Kwina ye, there are... at, &c.
Kwitama, v.i.., to be firm, immovable,
I fi.xed or tied firmly.
Kwitika, v.t.., to fix or tie or fasten
firmly, immovably.
Kwiyi- {or kuyi), prefix applied to
verbs in the formation of the
reflexive form J SOnga, to show ;
kwiyisonga, to show one's self.
Kwiziwa, v.
oku kukwiziwa-t-some day, even-
tually, all in due course.
-ala, a.
mala (malongo understood), a far
country, far away.
Laba, ■?/./., to spin or plait loosely,
making the coils or plaits far
apart.
Labisa, v.t. (Bako.), to beckon.
Labula, v. (Bako.), to steal.
Laka, v.t.., to throw.
Laka, v.i.., to get into great trouble.
Laka, v.i.., go & return quickly.
Lakala, vd., to pant.
Laka-laka, 6, ;?., thirst.
Lakama, v.t.., to continue or persist in
following, annoy, pester, to stick
to a thing ; to persist in, to...
constantly.
Lakama, vd.., to be thrown, cast down.
kuma(9, ku-) lakama, to grow dark.
Lakata, vd.., to go or come ever so far
{there is a (^rujnblc implied at
the distajice).
Lakika, vd.., to throw down (on to the
ground or into water).
Laknkwa moyo (3) or ntima, v., to
be inflamed, burning, longing
intensely, intensely anxious,
desirous to have. Used in the
applied form (lakukilwa) where
the object is named, &> takes its
place immediately after the verb.
Lak-Lek
( 858 )
Lakukilwa moyo (3), 7/., to long
for, to be possessed of a con-
suming passion for, also to be
longed for by (kwa).
Lala, ^'.^., to be lost, disappear.
Lalabu, 6, «., a gossip.
nkento ne i lalabu, a gossip.
Lalamena, v.t.^ to sit on eggs, to
hatch.
Lalu, 6, n., a place by the roadside
where food is offered for sale.
Lalula, v.t.^ to take off the surface
(superficially, water, earth, &c.).
If dust & rubbish has been
swept together & the chips &
rubbish is taken off the top of
the heap, leaving the sand &
earth, this would be lalula, i.e.
to take off that which is on the
top.
Lalwa, ^., to want very much, but not
have any chance of obtaining.
Lama, v.t., to be or become respon-
sible, liable for.
Lamba, v.t.^ to cogitate, thoroughly
turn over in one's mind, to give
full consideration to a matter,
to judge, weigh a matter in
one's mind.
Lambakesa, v.t.. to count carelessly.
Lambula e lumbu (6), v., to defer or
postpone or put off the day.
Lamuna, v.t.., to "stick to a thing,"
retain, not give up, so steal.
Landa, v.t.-\-\.o make a remark on
what has been said.
Landa mambu {ph 7), v.t.., to tor-
ture, to treat in an exceedingly
cruel manner.
Landakana, v.t.., to follow up at once
(otherwise it may be too late),
to follow immediately after, be
next to.
Landesa, T/./.-j-to send after or behind,
to send following ; banlandese
nkunzi, they sent an embassy
to follow him up.
Landi, 6, ?/., a follower.
Landidila, v.t.^ to continue or persist
Landula, z/./.-^be patient, long-suffer-
ing.
Landulula, v.t.., to repeat over & over
again.
Langala, v.t.., to be lost hopelessly, to
be gone or go away never to re-
turn ; ofwidi olangele kwandi^
he is dead & gone for ever.
Langi, 12, n., water-weed.
-alasala, a. (P. lacerar), very sharp.
Lava, ) v.t.., to rake out (an ember
Lavula, \ only) from the fire.
Laya, 7A-f to wink ; nga olele e ? laya
kelaya kwandi, is he well .? he
winks, i.e. he is well alive ; e
diambu laya dilaya, it is (was)
only too or perfectly evident
(///. the matter winks, is living-
before one)., it is quite certain,
beyond all question.
Laya, v.t., to spy, reconnoitre, scout,
inspect, survey..
Layisa, v.t., to cause to wink, hence to
do anything so quickly as to be
unobserved ; undayisi meso,
he did it so quickly that I did
not observe it.
Layiswa, v.i.
meso -layiswa, to have (a thing)
happen in the twinkling of an
eye ; meso tulayiswa, in the
twinkling of an eye (of our eyes),
instantaneously.
Lazula, -z/./.^landula, see p. 319 &
App.
Leba, v.t., to smear on thickly.
Lebangana, v.i., to be weak.
Leboka, v.i., to be thickly smeared (of
grease, mud, &c.).
Leka, v.
i leka ke zaya diambu ko, ntala
ku fula, kulombele (nkanda),
I had not the least idea of any-
thing of the kind or was in per-
fect ignorance of it all, when a
(letter) arrived ; ///. it was sleep,
not knowing anything I look
out, it darkened (a letter).
leka temona (0 laya meso
tiya tukweme), after some
(8
59 ) Lfk-Lem
Leka, continued.
Lemba, continued.
time, some time elapsed &
or spells of sorcery, heyice to
then—
soothe, i.e. to remove all pain
Leka e mpaka (2), v., to start a dis-
& annoyance, & so calm &
pute or questioning.
quiet, to civilize by removing
Lekama, v,i.
the savage instinct ; also pro-
e mpaka (2, zi-) lekama, a question
spectively to place under a pro-
or dispute arose.
tective influence or charm to
Lekela, v.i.
avoid a.\\ evil from befalling the
+oku kwalekela, to, unto or be-
individual. This idea became
fore his (your, &c.)honour, grace,
naturally allied with the use of
excellency, majesty, &:c. ; oku
"holy water," & even with the
kwalekeia Ndompetelo, to the
service of baptism of infants.
honourable Ndompetelo ; ova
The charm thus conferred is
diambu oku walekela e Nto-
called elemba.
tela e Ntiini Enekongo, may
lemba e ekesa (8), v., to place a sol-
it please your majesty, Ntotela,
dier under such a spell that he
King of Kongo; vana diadi
need have no fear, for by it all
osakwidi dia lekela sia
possibility of harm or danger is
vo, twenda kuna Kinsaku ;
removed. The nganga e ele-
kizolele ko kwenda ko ingeta,
mba takes palm wine in a
as to your honour's suggestion
wooden plate or bowl, dips his
that we should go to Kinsaku, I
fingers into it & touches the
do not wish to go.
lips of the soldier with the
Lekelela, v.t.^ to look forward to, hope
front, the back & then the front
for.
of his fingers, & tells him never
Leko, 6, ?/., a sleeping-place.
to look behind ^renter a house,
Leko, 6, «. (Bako.),a thing (=lekwa).
but go straight away to the
Lekoka, v.i., to blaze, burn fiercely.
war.
L6koka, %>., to be uncocked, »&c., see
lemba e sunga (6), 7/., to charm away
p. 321.
all danger or possibilities of
Lekola, v.t.., to cause to blaze.
danger.
L6koIa, ■6'., to settle a matter, &c., see
lemba mwana (i), v., to christen
p. 321.
a child ; this ceremony among
•ele, 6, ;/;, lack of diligence or energy
the people before the return of
in one's work or duty, neglect
Romish priests to San Salvador
of duty, procrastination.
in 1 88 1, had become no better
Cielela, v.t.., hold upon the hands or
than a fetish ceremony, &; only
support gently with great care.
used in the case of lombo chil-
bear up upon the hands.
dren {see lombo, App.). The
jelelwa, 6, ;?., supporters, court, sur-
nganga e elemba takes palm
rounding, "entourage."
wine Sc touches the child thrice
lelelwa ya Nzambi, the universe of
as above described under le-
God, the (whole) creation.
mba e ekesa, only it is applied
lelema, v., to be soft & smooth (as of
to the forehead as well as to the
fine textures).
lips. A man or woman stands
lelemba, v.t., to do slowly, gently,
by, & is called ese dia nzila a
delicately.
ezillu (way-to-heaven-father),
Lemba, v.., to deliver from or remove
who is of course the relic of
all power or influence of evil
the " god-father " ; he must al-
Lem-Lok
( 860 )
Lemba, continued.
wavs receive respect from the
child.
Lembakana, v.i.^ to be unable to.
Lembalala, ■j^.z'., to be patient, gentle,
meek, quiet, tame.
Lembamiana, 7/., to be kind & gentle
to each other.
Lembeka, 6, «., shelter, booth.
Lembeka, 6, «., a propitiation.
Lembekelwa, 6, «., something with
which to shelter oneself.
Lembekelwa, 6, n.^ a means of pro-
pitiation.
Lembeleka, t/./., to make gentle, to
quiet down, soothe.
Lembi -0 sivika, v., to wonder ; nde-
mbi yo sivika e ngyenda
wele, I wonder much that you
went.
ke lembi ko, v.^ to be sure (9r certain
to ; ke belembi kuwila kwiza
ko, they will be sure to hear
that you are come,
Lsmbwa, used in the perfect lembelo
as the aiix. verb lembi, see p.
696 ; ndembelo kio nata, I
tried in vain to carry it.
Lembwa, adv.^ surely, certainly, must
have or be ; wenda kaka
muna nzila ina, ozevo, le-
mbwa otoma ko luaka, go in
that road, and you will reach
there most certainly ; lembwa
e nzila vidisa kavidisi yo,
surely 'he has or must have
lost the road ;> lembwa fwa
kefwa, he will surely die ;
lembwa nkala yaku, surely
I will be with you.
Lenda kwandi, he is or was able ;
is or was he able .'*
Lendakana, v.i.^ to be possible.
Lendakesa, 7/./., to render possible.
ke lendakesa ko, to hardly, scarce-
ly... ; kulendakesa wo vanga
ko, you would scarcely do that.
Lendana, 7/., to possess each other's
goods, to have things in com-
mon.
Lenga, 6, /?., a cloth worn over the
breasts or over another good
cloth to keep it clean, a pina-
fore, apron.
lenga kia salu, «., a work apron.
Lenga,/"/. 6, ??., danger, trouble, diffi-
culty.
-alenga, «., difficult, trying, trouble-
some, dangerous.
Lengana (ye), 7/.z.,totoil (at), to have a
very laborious task, heavier than
one knows how to accomplish.
Lengezia, 6, ;/., a very beautiful, pre-
cious thing, hence darling, sweet-
heart.
Lengola, v.t.^ to anoint with oil.
Lengomoka, v.i.^ to roll about from
side to side in the dust, as in
the homage to a very great
chief who is much feared.
Lenzi, 8, n. (Bako.), fur on the tongue
in sickness ; see elenzi (App,).
60 a-j I r-ji see lewoka, v.i.
Leuka, )
Leva, v.t. {from la, length), to be, be-
come, grow long.
Levesa, v.t.^ to make long.
Leveta, v.t.^ to taste a very little, try
the flavour of.
Lewoka, vd.^ to be limp, faint, weared,
weak.
Lezi, 6, «., a servant, child, boy, lad,
youth, little girl, servant, re-
tainer, subordinate, inferior in
rank.
Lezo, 6, «.+the egg-plant (Solanum
Melongena).
Lino, 2, ;/. (P. linho), linen, flax.
Lita, 2, ;z., a litre.
Lo, pi. 6, 71., excessive redness, bril-
liant red, intensity of redness.
Lo, 6, ;/., convalescence, restored
health.
mona e lo, v., to be convalescent,
restored to feel much better.
Loba, vd., to swim.
Loba, v.i.^ to challenge, to call another
to fight.
Loka, vd., to call, shout, cry, wail
loudly.
( 86i )
LOK-LUB
Loka, continued.
loka e mbila (2), to call.
Lokoso, 10, //., noise, clamour.
Lokota, 7'., to seek, want, a very offen-
sive expression ; nki okwiza
lokota, what do you want?
what are you on the prowl after ?
Lola, v.i., to mutter, grumble, growl.
Lole, 6, n., the first shot in a fight.
tuba e lole, ?'., to fire the first
shot.
Lombo, 6, 7t. If a pregnant woman
dreams of running water, rivers
or snakes, or that her unborn
child told her where she could
find hidden treasure, she knows
that the child is a Lombo, an in-
carnation of a water-fairy. They
are supposed to be able to give
luck to any who ask them to do
so, and have magical powers, as
still retaining their fairy nature.
It is, therefore, unlucky to thwart
a Lombo or refuse them a
favour, especially to strike them
on the head. Snakes are fond
of water, and are considered to
have relations with fairies {hence
the inference from a dream
about snakes), and a snake may
never be killed in a house in
which a Lombo was bom, and
in consequence such houses are
sometimes infested with snakes.
See also lemba mwana, App.
jondola, v.i., to start off"; londola=
to begin to go ; londoka = to
go, i.e. the subseqiieiit action.
jLongakesa, v.t.., to instruct, cause to
learn, make a pupil or disciple
of, to disciple.
^Longesela, z/./.-f-to speak privately,
secretly, in a whisper to —
longesela muna kutu (9), 7/., to say
into (one's) ear.
Longo, 10, n.
mwena longo, 7/., to lust after (any
one).
;Longoka, v.i., to be instructed, taught,
learn.
Longomoka, v.i., to come out of or
be protruded from a hole or
spathe, nsed only of something
long issuing from a hole, as the
iongne of a snake, a -parasitic
worm front the body or the pis-
ion rod of an engine, something
of life or rnotion.
Longota, v., to investigate, to en-
deavour earnestly to know or
obtain.
Lowela, v.t., to catch by cunning or
treachery,
Lozi, 10, n., a noise made when the
new moon appears, at the birtli
of a child or decision of a tri-
bunal,
ta lozi, 7/., to make the above sound.
lu-, subjective and objective prono-
minal prefix to verbs in non-
remote tenses (Bako.), you, ye.
lua-, the same as above before remote
tenses (Bako.).
Lua, 6, 71., a small patch of cultivated
ground.
luaka muna lumbu ina (&c.), adv.,
then, in those days.
Luamba, 10, n., a water-bottle for
travelling or campaigning.
Luambu, 10, n., help, assistance, suc-
cour, support.
vana luambu, v., to render help,
succour, &c.
Luayi, 10, «., a nursing-sling.
Lubakanisu, 10, n., the causing to
come into a state of harmony
& concord, reconciliation.
Lubakanu, 10, «., reconciliation {pass.).
Lubalumukinu, 10, n., scolding, re-
proof.
Lubangalu, 10, n., torment.
Lubanzilu, 10, n., a memorial, some-
thing to recall memories.
Lubanzu, 10, ;^., memory, recollection,
remorse.
Lubiangumunu, 10, n., seduction.
Lubiondomono, 10, «., perversion,
seduction.
Lubuka, 7/./.=luka, to be aware, p.
328.
LUR-LUF
( 862 )
Lubula, 7/./., to warn.
Ludedemo, 10, «., a quaking.
ludedemo lua ntoto, an earthquake.
Ludi, 6, n.
e diambu yamu ludi, it is quite
clear, it is very certain.
Ludika, v.t. {mid. v., lulama), to set
straight, in order, arrange, es-
tabhsh order or government,
govern, manage ; also to con-
sider or approve of as correct,
right, good, prove to be true.
Luduku, \ 10, «., abuse, bad lan-
Luduvuku, ji guage.
Lue,//. 6, «., cleverness, talent, great
ability.
Lueba, 10, «., greed.
Luengoloka, v.i.^ to be clever, talented.
Luema, 10, «., a desire, longing.
-aluenia, a., sickening, disgusting.
Luenze, 10, «., .an ivory horn giving
the note of upper " mi " {or 3rd)
in the chord to which they are
set.
Lnetola, 10, «., loquacity, endless
light talk.
Lufa, v.t.^ to displace, expel by taking
up the place occupied by the
thing expelled.
Lufiankn, 10, «., comfort, content-
ment, gratification, happiness.
Lufiaulwisu, 10, n., the cause or
causing of peace of mind.
Lufiatu, 10, n. {frojn P. confiar), con-
fidence, trust, hope.
Lufuma, 10, n-, cruelty.
Lufundisilu, 10 {passive), judgment,
the process of being judged.
{active applied), a process by which
to judge.
Lufundisu, 10, «., judgment {active),
the process of judging.
Lufunzuku, 10, n., defilement, foul-
ness.
baka (0 muntu) lufunzuku, v., to
be disgusted with (any one), be
highly displeased or vexed with
(any one).
Lufutu, 10, 11. (Bako.), obstinacy, per-
versity.
Lufutumuki, 10, n. (Bako.), resurrec
tion {passive).
Lufwa, 10, «.-|-all about the death,
the cause of death, reason for
being put to death, the process
of death or dying.
Lufwalakazi, 10, «., the name of the
fetish which is supposed to re-
move the curse of widowhood.
kota lufwalakazi, v., to be placed
under its spell.
When a man loses his wife, or a
woman her husband, the be-
reaved seeks the doctor of lu-
fwalakazi. The doctor gives
the bereaved a raw Q.gg, and
the bereaved enters his house,
and never sees the sun for six
days. He may only go outside
at night. He sleeps on a palm-
basket (ntete). At dawn of the
seventh day the relatives of the
deceased (nzadi) come to fetch
the bereaved out of the house ;
men if a man, women if a woman.
If a man, for instance, he is
conducted, with the basket he
slept upon, to a stream where
there is plenty of water. One
of the relatives throws his bas-
ket into the stream, scrapes his
tongue with a knife, thoroughly
shaves him and pares his nails,
then makes three little cuts on
his arm, and then seizes the
bereaved by the neck and dips
him three times thoroughly un-
der the water (sukula mfwi-
di). He then returns to the town ;
two fowls are killed, a cock and
a hen. The relatives of the
deceased partake, the men of
the cock, the women of the hen ;
not a bone may be broken or
lost ; palm-wine is brought, and
the bereaved anointed with oil
and camwood powder. At sun-
set the bones of the fowls are
carefully gathered and placed
in a palm-leaf basket, and buried
(863 )
LUF-LUM
Lufwalakazi, continued.
at the foot of a young palm-tree.
The doctor then calls all pre-
sent who have never been be-
reaved of cither husband or wife
(according to the sex) to tread
in the ground over the buritd
bones. He then places a konko
(prohibition), that none of those
who tread in the bones ever eat
a palm-nut, or anything made
from it, until a child be born
to the individual. To break
this would ensure a like be-
reavement. A pumpkin pip is
then placed in the calabash
head worn in the necklace of
the bereaved, and three cloths
of blackened palm fibre cloth
(mbadi) are hung in his waist ;
the doctor's fee, say 50 strings
of beads =about half the price
of a fowl, and a calabash of
palm-wine, is then paid, and
thanks duly rendered to the
doctor. The evil spell is broken,
and the bereaved okotele
lufwalakazi.
Lufwanu, 10, «., sufficiency, fitness.
Lufwasu, 10, «., destruction, perdition.
Luiku, 10, «., limit, extent, boundary.
Luka, v.t., to name after (any one), to
I give a family name.
ukandu, 10, «., a close season for
game or fish.
ukandwilu, 10, «., an invocation of
a blessing, a blessing {see ka-
ndwila).
ukaya, 10, n.
vana lukaya lua kanga wiki,
t/., to give permission.
ukayanisu, 10, «., division, dividing
up.
nkembeso, 10, «., praise.
Lukendeleko, 10, «., that which evokes
pity, pitiableness, miserable
condition.
-alukendalalu, «., very sad, very dis-
tressing, much to be deplored.
Lukofi, 10, «., a clap, as below.
Lukofl, continued.
vuba lukofi, 7/., to clap in thanks,
congratulation or surprise.
Lukombo, 10, «., a knife having a
lateral curve used in hollowing
out wooden rattles, &c.
Lukuba, 1 1 & 2, «., a pillow.
Lukudilu, 10, «., the means or man-
ner in which redemption was
accomplished.
Lukufi, 10, //. (Bako.)= lukofi.
Lukulu, 10, «., redemption {act.).
Lukutakanu, 10, «., a meeting, as-
sembly.
Lukwa, 7/./., to be named after, also
to have named after one.
Lukwikilu, 10, «.-|-a religion (belief).
Lulaka, 10, n. (Bako.), the entrance
to the throat, larynx.
Lulama, •t/.?., to be set in order,
prepared, ready, arranged, be
governed, managed.
Lulembamu, 10, «., humility.
Lulondolo, 10, «., means of coming or
going.
Lululamu, 10, «., readiness, prepared-
ness, orderliness.
Lulumuna, v.t., to fail to help, with-
hold assistance in a crisis, to
hang back & let others bear
the brunt of a struggle ; also
to push, force, put out or along
with violence {of livi7ig crea-
tures only).
Lumba, v.t., to mix up together, com-
bine, blend, to adulterate, mix
adulterations with ; nkia ndu-
mba olumba e nteke a wu-
mba, how do you mix the
pottery clay.? ke nulumbi
mvindu yingi muna nkweza
uutekanga ko, do not put dirt
in the rubber you sell.
Lumbalala, v,i.y to peep out of a hole,
door,&c., just thehead appearing.
Lumbana (muna), z/./., to be mixed
(in with).
Lumbidika, v.t.^ to stick (one's head,
&c., a little way out of a door
or hole).
LUM-LUN
Lumljulnka, v.i.^ to be thoroughly
proficient, well instructed, edu-
cated, well-informed.
Lumbulula, ■?/./., to thoroughly instruct.
Lumbwa-mbokoso, lo, n., chatter-
box, noisy talkative fellow.
Lumonso, lo, ?/.-i-the west.
-alumonso, «., left, western.
Lumpama, vA.^ to be put together,
set in working order, be ar-
ranged.
Lumpeso, lo, «., an excuse, pretext,
stratageip., artifice, wile,
kuna lumpeso, adv.^ on some ex-
cuse or other, by stratagem.
Lumpika, v.t.^ to put together, set in
full working order, arrange, put
everything into its place.
Lumpintula, lo, n., loquacity.
Lumpinu, lo, n.^ a bowl, basin.
Lumvungia-mvungia, lo, ;/., dark-
ness, that of which we are con-
scious when there is an utter
absence of light.
e lunda-lunda (6), adv.^ running
quickly.
kwenda e lunda-lunda, v., to rush
along.
Lundalala, ■z'.z., to protrude, stick up
high, stick out, stand out pro-
minently.
-alundalala, a., protruding, high
(of the forehead).
Lundangana, v.i.^ to rush.
Lundidika, v.t.^ to make up into a
hump, to c^use to protrude.
Lundumuna, 2/./.=lulumuna (App.).
Lunene, lo, ?/., the east.
-alunene, right, eastern.
Lunengananu, lo, ;z., the edge of a
perpendicular precipice, a beet-
hng crag.
Lunga-lunga, v., to keep watch over,
guard, take care of (a living
creature t?r something movable).
Lungana, vd., to be fulfilled.
nanga lungana vo, v.^ to be perhaps ;
dinanga lungana vo, it is perhaps.
Lunganisa, v.^ approve, express a
favourable judgment.
Lunganisa, vd., to fulfil.
Lunganisa, vd., to assemble, call to-
gether.
Lungidisa, vd., to cause to go all
round, make sufficient for al'.
apply to all, make of universal
application, extend to all.
Lungila, vd., to suffice for (all), br
enough for, to fill a measure, ti
go into every part or room, to
leave no part untouched.
Lungola-ngola, lo, ?/., a small otter
having a white belly & flat tail.
Lungumvi-ngumvi, lo, «., intoxica-
tion with pride.
Lu^gungu, lo, ;?., a wheel.
Ltingwa, z/.z., to come together, as-
semble.
Lunianga, ii & 8, 7?., grass (generic;.
lunima, adv., behind.
Lunima-nima, adv., back to back^
backwards, in an opposite po-
sition, reversed ; yo wete yo
bi, lunima-nima, good and bad
are the opposites of each other.
Lunkulu, 10, n., cruelty, abominable
behaviour, bitterness of speech
or feeling.
-alunkulu, a., cruel, abominable^
shameful.
Lunkumfu, 10, ;z.-|- surliness, churlish-
ness.
Lunkunza-mbuku, 10, ;/. (Kib.), ^
Lunkunza-nkonzo, 10, n. (Bako.), \ a
mantis.
Lunseka, 10, n., a slope, slant.
-alunseka, a., sloping, slanting.
Lunseka, 10, n., edge, margin, brink,
verge.
lunseka, adv., on the edge, brink,
bank, shore or side, on one
side.
lunseka-lunseka, along the edge^
Ac.
Lunsunga-nkombo, 10, n. (Makuta),
a mantis.
Lunsoni-nsoni, 10, n., shame.
kuna lunsoni-nsoni, adv., with
shame.
Luntati, 10, ;/. {from tata, to stick),
(865 )
LUN-LUT
Luntati, continued.
great attachment, desire to be
always with some one beloved
(as a child to its mother, not
wishing to be for a minute even
separate), close application,
a sticking (to one's work), ear-
nestness.
Luntoko-ntoko, ) lo,//., a lad of about
Luntoko-toko, \ 15 c;r 16 years of
age.
Luntongolozi, 10, ?/., the habit of
careful investigation, inquisi-
tiveness, searching curiosity.
Lunungunuku, 10 {pass.), \further-
Lunungununu, 10 {act.), j ance,
advancement.
Lunziototo, 10, n., very affectionate
feeling, loving attachment, in-
tense affection.
Luuzumbulu, 10, n., care, worry, the
burden of duties, business, &c. ;
see zumbuluka, App.
Limzimgulu, 10, n., loneliness, an
orphan state.
Lusalu, 10, n., capital, property,
wealth, riches, treasure, goods
possessed, possessions.
Lnsambu, 10, n., a benediction, a
blessing invoked or pronounced.
Lusambu, 1 1 & 2, n., a mat of palm
fibre cloth 6x1 inch, used as
I a currency in times past ; they
still linger in use to the north
of Matadi.
jUSandululu, 10, ;/., an examination,
nsangidika, 10, n., the highest point
of a house, rock, tree, &;c., sum-
mit, peak (of mountain).
^angn, 10, ;/., something to talk
^ about.
lusangu lua, a matter about, some-
i thing about an affair of.
WSanisu, ) 10, n., praise, adulation,
Lusanisinu, ) good report.
Lusansu, 10, ?z.-f- education.
Lusansu, 10, n., history, story, the
chronicles.
Lusanu, 10, «.+ profession, boast.
Lusatululu, 10, n., examination.
Luseko, 10, «., provocation, irritation,
persistent annoyance {active).
Lusembo, 10, u., blame, censure.
Lusengomono, 10, //., a revelation, the
book of the Revelation.
Lusensemeko, 10, n., praise, exalta-
tion.
Luseoko, 10, n. {pass.), concision,
mutilation, the cutting off of a
piece of flesh ; see seoka, App.
Luseolo, 10, n. {act.), as above,
Lusiensie, i 11 Sc 2, n., the mid-rib
Lusiensiele, \ of leaflet of a palm.
Lusikidisu, 10, n., that which places
a matter beyond question, a
certificate, assurance, certainty.
Lusoka, 10, n., a system of mending
cracked calabashes by first
calking with the gossamer of
palm spathes mixed with resin,
and then putting little binders
of mvuyi across the crack,
then inserting the ends into the
body of the calabash.
tunga lusoka, v., to mend thus.
Lusunzi, 10, n., an accidental fall
from a tree.
nganga (2) a lusunzi, the doctor
who professes to be able to
treat such cases.
Luswaswanu, 10, n., the nature of the
difference (between).
Luta, v.t.-\-to overreach.
Lutakana, v.z., to go in some direc-
tion or pass some place other-
wise than that at first deter-
mined, aho to be mentioned,
disclosed, inadvertently.
Lutakesa, v.t., to cause, allow or per-
mit to pass on otherwise than
at first intended.
lutakesa e diambu (7), to let some-
thing become known which one
had intended to keep secret, to
mention or disclose (something)
unintentionally, to "let the cat
out of the bag," to speak un-
advisedly, to say what you after-
wards wish had been left unsaid.
Lutemo, 10, «., illumination, light.
3K
LUT-LUZ
( 866 )
Lutengolo, lo, n.^ abandonment of
the rights of master, &c., rejec-
tion as useless or not further
needed {see tengola).
Lutialu, lo, «., contempt, disregard.
Lutiangu, lo, ??., insolence, a scorn-
ful remark.
Lutidila, 7/./., to surpass exceedingly,
to over-reach.
Lutima, 10, n., revengeful feelings.
Lutisa, v.t., see lutakesa, App.
Lutiu, 10, n., insolence.
Lutongeneko, 10, «., spite, malice.
Lutoteko, 10, n., a mutual exchange.
Lutumbuku, 10, ;z., dishonour, dis-
grace, evil report.
Lutumu, 10, «.-f a message.
Lutunu, 10, «., proper control, modera-
tion.
(Bako.), scorn, contempt.
Lnvaiku, 10, «., the Exodus.
Luvanda, 10, ?z.
tenda luvanda, v., to shave the
scalp entirely (not the beard or
whiskers).
Luvangameso, 10, ;z., edification {act-
ive.
Luvangamu, 10, n., edification {pas-
sive).
Luvangananu, ) 10, «., great import-
Luvanginiku, ) ance, overwhelm-
ing greatness.
Luvanza, 1 1 & 2, n., a. piece of money.
Luve, 10, ;/.
lomba luve, v., to sue for peace.
Luviluku, 10, n., the turning round,
conversion.
Luvimba, 10, n., the size (as far as
bulk is concerned), bulk.
Luvu, 10, n., the furnace hollow in a
forge.
(Bako.) a smithy.
5-"™"' }.o,«., deceit.
Luvukiku, 3
liuvukusu, 10 n. (Bako.), salvation.
Luvunginiku, 10, «., deceit, falsehood.
XuvungU, 10, n., disgrace, shame.
Xuvungu, 10, «., the peritoneum.
Xuvuvamu, 10, n., safety, tranquillity,
peace.
Luvwezo, 10, n. (Bako.)=luvezo.
Luwandu, 10, «., a great cooking pot
of mottled ware.
Luwete, 10, n., profit, resultant good,
advantage ; ke dikumvanga
luwete ko, it will not do him
any good, no real advantage
will accrue to him by it.
Luwondeleko, 10, ;?., soothing influ-
ence, pacification, consolation.
Luwondelelo, 10, «., exhortation.
Luwumba, 10, n., pottery clay.
sema luwumba, v., to work up
the clay into some form.
Luwumi, 10, n. (Bako.), a disease of
fowls.
Luwutuku, 10, «., pedigree, genea«
logy.
Luwutuluku, 10, n., the being born
over again, the new birth, re-
generation (passive).
Luyambulu, 10, n., abandonment,
relinquishment, a letting alone.
Luyayidilu, 10, n., kindliness, good-
will, cordiality, heartiness in
behaviour.
Luyenzenze, 10, n., a slope, slant,
-aluyenzenze, a., sloping, slanting.
Luyindulu, 10, ?/., a process of
thought, thought, a means of
remembering, remembrance.
Luyuki, ) 10, n. (Bako.), the
Luyukia-jnikia, ] " plant of life,"
Briophyllum calycinum.
Luzakamu, 10, n., trembling.
Lnzalu, 10, n., fulness.
Luzengeneko, 10, ;/., dumbfounded
astonishment, blank surprise.
Lnziatalalu, 10, «., severity.
Luzindalala, 10, «., persistence, ob-
stinacy, patience, perseverance,
endurance.
Luzolo, 10, «.+ kindly feeling, benevo-
lence, right feeling towards,
A^nce faithfulness in service or
friendship ; a/so, great desire,
and so aim, purpose, will.
nkwa luzolo, one who possesses
loveable qualities, one admired,
loved & trusted.
( 867 )
Ma-Maj
M.
ma {pL 6) ya mbwaza, «., com, grain
(generally).
o mabetomona {pi 8), adv.^ with
overflowing measure,
sia mabetomona, 7a, to measure
with overflowing measure.
Made, an abbreviation of ma Dezo!
(P. Deus), would to God ! O
God ! How much rather would
(I have died) ; also rather,
sooner, it would be better to.
Madiuka,//. 8, ;/., a man engaged by
a sterile husband to beget chil-
dren for him.
Mafwila,//. 8(Bako.}=liifwalakazi,
App.
-a maziezie, see eziezie, App.
Jttakina, 2, n. (P. machina), an en-
gine, machine.
Makono! ititerj.^ look out! beware!
keep your wits about you.
-amakunda, a., self-sown.
Maladi, pi. 8, n. (Bako.), water-weed.
tmalemba-lemba, adv., going on
well, comfortably, quietly, all
right.
JttalongO, pi. 8, ;?., a far country, dis-
tant lands.
mambonani {pi. 7)? adv., face to
face, in sight of each other.
JKambu.
la ... kaka, as though, just as if ;
lose luandi ma kwenda kuna
Ngombe kaka (mambu under-
stood before kwenda), his face
was as though he was going to
Ngombe.
lambuka-buka {pi. y), adv., on
one's face,
imfukama {pi. 7), adv., kneeling,
on the knees.
Mamwanga - mwanga, pi. 7, «•
(Bako.), fine rain.
Mana^
aux.-\-\.o be all.
luse
I
lumene kunsumamwa kwa
nsende, his brow was all pierced
with thorns.
Mana, //. 7, f^- + stratagem, ruse,
roundabout ways of accom-
plishing an end or getting
what is wanted, hence merchan-
dise, barter, &c., i.e. the things
a man had to get if he wanted
to obtain the goods of the white
traders.
ku mana, adv., by stratagem, by a
ruse.
Mana-nsusu, 6, ;/.-f anise (?)
Mandangi, pi. 7, «., respect of per-
sons, undue bias to the prejudice
of justice.
mandiatani {pi. 7), adv., crowding
& treading upon each other.
Manga, 4, n., the poison of a snake,
&c.
Manga, 4, n. (Bako.), the fetish moko,
see p. 504.
Manganana, v.i.-\-to be very erect
& throw the chest well out (to
be erect but bowed) ; strutting
pigeons are said to manga-
nana.
Manguna-wuna, pi. 7, «., fault-find-
ing, grumbling.
mankoka-ngo, adv., all together
(//■/. as if to drag a leopard) ;
nwenda mankoka-ngo, go
all together.
mantalani {pi. 7)> ^^-j face to
face.
Mantinwa, 6, «., something by which
to mount.
Manyanga-nyanga, pi. 7, n. (Bako.),
fine rain.
Masa {pi. 7) ma Mbala, ;/., sorghum.
Masika,//. 13, «., gorilla.
Masila,//. 8, n., one who has given a
promise, the promiser.
Masilu, pi. 8, «., the executor of a
will.
Masona,^/. 9, n.
zaya or via masona, to know how
to read & write.
Matamba,^/. 8, n,, lupus exedens, a
rodent ulcer which destroys the
nose, &c.
Matondo,//. 8, «., thanks.
Mat^Mba
( 868 )
Xatondo, continued.
kia matondo, thanks, all right, it
will be or is well, it is a good
thing.
Matwakanga, W8,friend.
Matwakangwa (Bako.), J
Mavasa-vasa, pi. 8, n.., nickname of a
child who was born with teeth.
Mavenga, pi. 8, n.^ evasion, evasive-
ness, the gift of throwing the
responsibility upon others or
of avoiding the discovery of
wrong-doing or detection.
Mavu,^/. 7, n., earth.
dia mavu, ?/., eat the earth, also
to pay homage.
-amavilwa-vilwa, a.
mona e ngonde zamavilwa-vilwa,
to menstruate regularly.
Mayingila, pi. 8, ;/., a watch, a guard.
Mazengele e ngonde (2), n.
mambu ma mazengele e ngonde,
idle, foolish talk, "rubbish."
Mba, C071J. (Bako.)=m"bangi, App.
e mba ye, adv. (bandama), quite
dark with (darkness, smoke,
&c., which is within the thing
spoken of), full of (that which
makes dark) ; esukn diame
dina e mba yo mwisi, my
room is quite dark with smoke ;
muna nzo mwina e mba ye
tombe, it is perfectly dark in
the house ; ///. the house is
quite full of darkness.
Mbaba, 4, n., a' mean, stingy, grudg-
ing person.
MbaM, 2, «., a bribe, money paid to
secure a judgment.
vana e mbabu, v.^ to bribe, give
a bribe.
Ml)al)ula, 2, «., btibery.
-ambaTjula, «., given as a bribe.
Mbadi, 2, 71., elephantiasis (of foot).
Mbadi, i & 4, «., a hard man.
Mbadi, 2, «.-f a specific sore, after the
breaking down of a node, a
bad spreading sore.
Mbadi, 2, «., polypus.
e mbadi, adv..^ m juxtaposition.
Mbadi, continued.
sila e mbadi kumosi, ?/., to put
together in juxtaposition.
Mbadi (2) ngani or mbadi angani^?;-
mbadi followed by the demons,
pron. 1st class, poor fellow ; vo i
mono, mbadi ngani {or mbadi
oyu), as for poor me—, or 1,
poor wretch that I am.
-ambafu, «., great, large, big.
-ambakala, a. (Bako.), male.
Mbakami, i & 4, n., a captive.
Mbaki, 2, n.,
kanga e mbaki, to set an ambush.
-ambaki, a., captive.
-ambakidi, a., every one getting what
he can ; e kunku yau yamba-
kidi, their portions were what-
ever each could get for himself.
e mbakila, adv., retail (flesh).
Mbaku, 4, ;/., an adjective.
Mbaku, 2, ;z. + gain, that which is
gained or obtained.
Mbaku, 4, 71., ambassador, (honoured)
messenger.
Mbala, si7t_g: 2, n., sorghum, i.e. masa
ma Mbala.
e mbalanda, adv.=Q mba, App.
Mbale, 2, n. {see kibale, App.), part-
ner, companion, mate.
Mbama, 4, n., a fancy girdle worn,
not to support the cloth, that
being accomplished by the
ordinary mponda, but some-
thing extra, a girdle for show.
Mbamba, 2, «., an officer whose duty
it is to demand the execution of
a murderer, a sheriff.
Mbana, i, n. (pi. ambana), person,
man, individual, the above-men-
tioned, the aforesaid.
-ambandakiani, a., 7 one above
e mbandakiani (2), adv., I or on top
of the other.
Mbandamu, 2, «., the commencement,
beginning.
Mbandani (Bako.), ) 2, «., thunder
Mbandann, ] (the effects of
lightning are attributed to
mbandann).
e mbandieka (2), adv., "j one above or
-ambandieka, a., j on top of
the other.
Mbandu, 2, «., a copy, example to be
copied, a standard (of measure-
ment, &c.).
Mbandu, 2, ;/., a layer, stratum, gen-
eration.
e mbandu-mbandu, adv., in layers.
Jttbandu, 2, ?t. (Bako.), a barrel of pow-
der (20 lbs.).
Mbandu, 2, ft. (Bako.), height (of per-
sons).
Mbanga, 2, ;z., a testis.
-ambangadi, a., of exceedingly high
price, of priceless value.
Mbangadi, i & 4, ) n., a tyrant, a
JSIbangazi, i & 4, J tyrannical, bru-
tal man, powerful & cruel man.
Mbangi(Bako.), I a^/?7., after that,
i mbangi, j afterwards, then,
next,
i mbangi tu se, ivith the verb in
the narrative tefise, at last, at
length ; i mbangi tu se wa-
kwiza, so you have come at
last.
Mbangu (2) a kinkutu (5), ;/., a tai-
lor.
. mbangu a nti (4), n., a carpenter.
Mbangu, 4, n., a row, line.
yika mbangu, v., to fall into the
line, to take a place in the line.
Kazi (2) a nkanu (4), n.
omba e mbazi a nkanu, v., (to
sweep, i.e.) to make the neces-
sary arrangements for the hold-
ing of a court, to open the
assizes.
ebe, 2, n., something entrusted
which must receive an anxious
»care ; if lost, serious conse-
quences would result, a great
responsibility.
ia e mbebe, v., to make responsible
for, leave in charge of.
Mbela-mbela, 2, n., a snack of food
eaten before the proper time, a
lunch, luncheon.
Mbelekela, 2, «., when a man has
( 869 ) Mba-Mbi
Mbelekela, continued.
many friends come to visit &
dine with him, his wife may
well fear that her husband,
with his hospitable nature, will
not take enough food to pro-
perly satisfy himself; she will
therefore reserve and hide an
extra portion for him, to be
eaten on the quiet afterwards.
This portion is called mbele-
kela.
Mbengo-mbengo, «., 4, a very danger-
ous spot, place, passage, work,
&c.
-ambengo-mbengo, a., perilous.
Mbeni, 2, ;/.-|-the adversary, Satan.
Mbenza, 2, ?z., a sore, ulcer.
Mbetela, 2, fi.
omu mbetela a nsi (2), low down
near the ground ; matuti
mena omu mbetela a nsi
unu, the clouds are low down
on the ground to-day.
Mbi, 4, //., the evil one, a bad person.
Mbidi, 2, n.+2i certain number, a
number. When used without
any emphasis or article it im-
plies a. comparatively few ;
with emphasis and article,
many ; mbidi a lumbu, certain
days, a number of days, some
days, a few days, some time ; if
emphasised, many days.
mbidi, a. (where one object only is
referred to), great, fine; kuna
kwa mbidi a mwana, what a
fine child !
Mbie-mbie, 2, n., see nkiambiembie,
App.
Mbienga, 2, n., thick brass wire.
Mbiengele, 2, ;/., a thin skewer or
stick of a thing ; mbiengele za
malu, thin sticks of legs.
Mbiki, 4> ^/.=ebiki, App.
Mbilu, 2, 11., a very deep hole, chasm,
pit or abyss, hence, the bottom-
less pit, hell.
Mbindi, 2, «.+a bar.
Mbinduzioka, 2, n., windings about.
Mbi-Mbu
( 870 )
Mbingu, 2, «., a change (of food), the
season (for certain things).
e mbisu (2), adv., in a raw, fresh, un-
cooked or green state, without
previously cooking.
Mbiya (2) a longo, the money paid
for a wife.
Mbo, adv. (Kib.), then, afterwards.
Mbobo (2) a nti (4), n., a woodpecker.
Mbofongo, 4, //., a huge thing.
-ambofongo, a., huge.
Mboki, 2, ;/. (Bako.), mate, fellow,
companion.
Mboki, I & 4, w., one who calls, a herald.
MboM, adzK (Bako.), then, afterwards.
Mboko, adv. (Kib.), then, afterwards.
Mboko, 2, 11., joint (in the limbs).
Mbobola, 2, ;?., baby, one who has
baby-like habits.
Mbomba, 2, n. (P. bomba), fireworks.
Mbombe, 2, ;?.,
vanga e mbombe, v., to make a fire
& roast corn or arachis in the
resultant ashes.
Mbombo-ngolo, 4, 71., a huge tree or
thing of wood.
-ambombo-ngolo, a., huge, as above.
Mbomongo, 4, n., something very or
singularly thick.
-ambomongo, a., thick.
Mbonani, 2, n., a window.
Tffibondo, 2, «., 12 sheets of mbadi
cloth.
Mbongo, 2, ;/. (jzVi!^. <7;z/j/)-j- fruit, seed,
descendants.
Mbota, 2, «.+the stick used in weav-
ing to tighten the latest thread
woven, the reed.
Mbote, 2, ;?., good, well-doing, that
which is right.
ke mbote ko, what a lot there were,
&c. ; e wantu, ke mbote ko,
what a lot of people there were.
ke kala or -ina mbote ko yo («&c.),
followed by an infinitive or ab-
stract noun, how very... was...
not—; mwana kakedi mbote
ko ye kiese ? was not the child
happy ?
ke kala or ina mbote ko yo ye-
mbote, continued.
la, to be very unwell ; kakedi
mbote ko yo yela, how very
ill he was.
Mbudi, an abbreviated form of ya-
mbudi, the imper. ^yambula,
let.
Mbuka, 2, n. (Kib.), a bedstead.
e mbukwila (2), adv., retail (liquids).
Mbula.
e mbula ye mbasa. (Proverb) e di-
ambu diadi e mbula ye mba-
sa ina, that matter requires
further explanation ; that is not
sufficiently clear.
Mbula, after verbs of knowing, think-
ing, telling, 6r*r., is icsed to im-
ply a necessity or urgency ; edi
kabenze vo mbula kenda, he
thought that he would have
to go ; unsamwina vo mbula
kasumba yo kaka, tell him
that he must buy it.
Mbulu-ntente, 2, ;/. (Bako.), a mason
wasp.
Mbumba, 4, n., a lump, mass, also
lumps of dried cassava meal for
storage or sale.
-ambumba, a., secret.
Mbumbulu, 2, n., a mole, he7ice also
velvet, plush.
Mbundukutu (2) a mwisi (3), ;/.,
smoke.
Mbunduna, 2, n., an amputation, also
-j-a grub which eats through
the roots of plants.
Mbunge, ) 4, n., mist, fog,
Mbungi (Bako.), \ mistiness, indis-
tinctness of vision.
Mbungu, 2, n., " ants' bread," a honey-
combed cultivation of fungus (.?)
found in nests of white ants.
Mbungu, 2, n. (Bako.)=mbungwa.
Mbunzu, 2, n., the brow, face,
Mbusia, 2, n. (P. buxa), a wad.
Mbuti, 4, n., something worn as a
girdle, but above the waist, at
the breasts.
kanga mbuti, v., to tie round one
as a girdle.
( 871 )
Muu-Mfu
Mbuyu-buyu, 4, n., wateriness, taste-
lessness.
Mbwadi, i, ?/., a man of the Ambari
of the islands & shores of Stan-
ley Pool.
Mbweno, 2, ;/., sight, vision, the power
to see.
e mbwi (2), adi>.^ quite full ; ozadisi
yo e mbwi, he filled it quite full.
Meme-meme, 6, ;/., a lamb.
Menga {pi. 7), 7u,
mwana (i) a menga, free-born,
noble.
Meno,/^/. ^dinii, 7, n.
-ameno, sharp,
-a meno mole, two-edged.
Meta, 2, 71.., a metre.
Mezi (Mbamba), «rt?z/.=vezi, App.
Mfiaulwisi, i «& 4, «., a comforter,
consoler, restorer of happiness.
Mfiba, 4, 11", a calabash of medium size.
Mfiba, 4, ??., a small antelope's horn,
as of the nsesi or nsa.
Mfielani (P. fiel [>/. fieis] de Deus),
heap of stones to mark the spot
where a murder was committed,
a cursed or unlucky place.
Mfietoto, 4, n. (Bako.), threshold.
Mfiku, 4, «•
sumba mfiku, v., to buy at a ridi-
culously low price (as a gift).
tekelwa mfiku, to have (a thing)
sold to one at a very low price.
Ifiku, 2, «., nourishment, that which
ministers to life & strength ;
substance, that which imparts
substantiality, the gist (of a
matter).
e mfiku, adv.^ to a very considerable
extent (of a matter) ; e dia-
mbu diaku dizidi e mfiku
omu ntima ame, I have a very
fair idea of what you say.
filu, 2, «., the direction towards
which one's (head, tScc.) was or
is turned when lying ; the place
where the (head, &c.) lay.
Mfingitunu, 2, n. (Bako.), something
with which to support the knee
when squatting.
Mfofeka, 4, ;/., an entire piece (of
cloth, braid, &c.).
Mfoko, 2, «., pronunciation.
Mfokp, 2, «., a number of times mul-
tiplied.
Mfokola, 2, «., the fold of one cloth
above the girdle (often used as
a pocket), a folding over, a
multiplication.
Hfoto, 4, ?z., the crashing made by a
great beast in a forest <7r jungle.
Mfu, 4, 71. (Bako.), the deceased, thus
avoidi7ig the 7)tentio7i of the
7ianie.
-amfuba, «-., unripe (of plantain &
bananas & fruit which reddens
on ripening).
Mfula, 2, «., the powder (cam-wood
powder, pepper, crushed iron-
stone, ochre, &c.) in a bundle of
fetish (ebunda).
Mfumfula, 4, «., an edge, verge,
mfumfula a yaka (7), «., a wall
plate.
Mfumvu, 2, ;/., a cord, rope.
Mf unda, j?>/. 2, ;z., a muscular pad, as
at the base of the thumb, heel
or the gluteus max.
Mfunda-ngavu, 4, ;/., Camoensia
maxima, a bramble bearing a
large white fragrant flower.
Mfundisi, i & 4, «., a judge.
Mfundu, 4, 7t., a matter to be judged,
a case, an accusation, the trial
of a case ; oyandi una yo
mfundu, he it is who has to
be tried, or if the judge^ he
has the trial of the case.
Mfundu, 2, «., a secret, something not
known or incomprehensible.
-amfundu, a.^ secret.
ku mfundu, adv.., secretly, hidden,
mute (grammatical).
mfundu za Nzambi. All living crea-
tures which have not the gift of
speech are supposed to be de-
prived of it, that they may pre-
serve God's secrets, hena\ the
dumbness, "mfundu za Nza-
mbi bena zau."
Mfu-Min
( 872 )
Mfundu, 2, n. {generally pl\ signs or
the inarticulate expressions by
which the dumb & the animal
creation make themselves un-
derstood.
Mfune (2) evamba (8), «., a species
of heron (?)
Mfunia, 2, n.^ a freebooter, raider, one
who plunders & does as he
likes, a man of violence.
-amfunia, a., raiding, freebooting,
violent,
Mfunka, 4, ;z., strength, force, power,
compulsion {potejttial).
mfunka, 2, «., strength, force,
energy {active) ; ku mfunka
yasilu, I was absolutely com-
pelled,
sia e mfunka (2), v., use force, put
out strength or energy ; toil or
work hard (at, muna).
Mfuntakani, )2, 71., something
Mfuntalakani, i crushed, trodden
upon, a crushing, trampling.
Mfuntu, 4, «., hard work, toil, severe
labour.
Mfunu, 4, 7/. 4- work in one's profes-
sion, business, trade, business
transactions, advantage, use ;
see also vwa mfunu, App.
-amfunu, a., of any use or account,
useful.
Mfuta, 4, 71., jungle {wheTi spoken of
ge7ierally, 77ot used of a portio7i
i7tdicated).
Mfuta, 2, 7Z., desolation of a deserted
place.
Mfuzi, 2, 7/., a labourer, a workman,
especially one who knows his
craft, a professional, a master
of his craft.
' mfuzi a ntambu, a good trapper.
mfuzi a ntungu, a good builder.
mfuzi a lamba, a professional cook.
Mfwadu, 4, 71. (P. fardo), a case of
cloth or leather to prevent
damage to anything, a pillow
to sit upon, a padding.
Mfwalansa, i & 4, ;/., a French-
man.
Mfwantakani, 2, /?., useless things,
rubbish.
Mfwanti, 2, ?z., a foolish, vain, useless
fellow.
Mfwefo, 4, 71. (Bako.), fine rain.
Mfwene, 2, w., that which fits or is
befitting or enough or proper.
Mfwenge, 2, 7Z.-|- ichneumon {Her-
pestes I — ).
IMLfwiba, 4, «., firewood that burn-
very badly.
Mfwidi, I & 4, 71., one who has been
bereaved.
sukula mfwidi, ?/., to perform
the triple immersion mentioned
under luf walakazi, App.
Mfwidi-mfwidi, 2, n., the habit of
making a great fuss of a sligh;
ailment.
-amfwila, a., mortal, causing death,
fatal.
Mfwilu, 4, 71. {si7tg. ge7ierally), ex-
pense, disbursements.
-dk^oS., pro7t. (Bako.)=-ame.
Mi, 4, an ugly person.
Miangu, pi. 3, 7/. -h clamour, noise.
Mika, v.t., to weigh, to try or ascer-
tain the weight.
Mika, v.t., to make signs & passes
to spoil another's luck (in
gambling) by making a line in
front of an opponent or passing
a luvanza under the armpits &
tread of the feet or into the
mouth.
Mikuka, v.i., to be weighed.
Mili- (Fr. milli-), a thousandth part
of the standards of measure-
ment {e.g. milimeta = milli-
metre =yoVo of" a metre).
Mina, pi. 3, 7i., regulations, statutes,
ordinances, the details of a
law.
Minganana, see manganana, App.
Minguna, v.t., to break, snap in two.
Minu, 6, 71., custom, fashion, condi-
tion, normal state, nature,
habit, law of nature, natural
law ; vo i mbizi za maza, i
minu kiau kia kala muna
( 873 )
Min-Mpa
Hinu, continued.
maza, as to the fishes, it is their
nature to live in water.
Jlmuka, 7/./. + to be swallowed, also
to set (of the sun), to disappear
from sight (over the crest of a
hill or beyond the horizon),
Jttinuka ye, ?/., to acquire a fashion,
conform to a new condition ;
ovwidi minuka ye kisi
Kongo, he has become a
thorough Kongo in every way.
llinute, 2, «., a minute.
Miria- (Fr. myria-), io,ooo of the
standards of measurement {e.g.
miria-meta = myriametre =
10,000 metres).
-a miza ya miza, a., of many kinds
but very good, of various good
kinds.
6 mome (6), adv.., speechless, struck
dumb with fear or surprise.
, fwa e mome, ■?'., to be speechless.
Jiloiia, v.i.., to be transparent, clear ;
etadi diadi mona dimona,
I this stone is transparent,
-amona, a.., new.
Mona-meso, 6, w., a great sight, spec-
tacle, (wonderful) vision, that
which is plain «S: evident ; also
a clear & tangible proof, unmis-
takable evidence.
Monganana, v.i., to be unable or
I unwilling to make any reply,
to look blank, to be put to
silence, to keep silent.
ongeneka, v.t,, to leave one with-
out a word to say in reply, put
to silence.
ongola {pi. miongola), 3, n., curves
(labyrinthine).
-amoni, a., clear, transparent.
Mor, 2, n. (Heb. mor), myrrh, dimbu
wansunga.
-mosi in the secondary form., ^ pre-
fixed with the article of its class
is equivalent to a certain ;
muntu omosi, a certain man ;
6 dinkondo edimosi, a cer-
tain plantain tree.
Mosi, continued.
■ bearing the secondary prefixes {series
3, p. 518), and again prefixed
with a, the same, the identical,
the like ; salu akimosi, the
same worth ; mankondo ama-
mosi, the same plantains.
Moya, 3, n. (Bako.)=moyo.
Moyo, 3, «., see also ntima, App., of
which it is often a synonym.
yambukwa moyo, to make up
one's mind, come to a decision.
Mozi,
miozi, pi. 3, ;/. (Rako.), a whistle.
ta miozi, v. (Bako.), to whistle.
Mpadi, 2, n. {from pala).
ta e mpadi, 2/., to ridicule another
on account of real or assumed
poverty ; to provoke another by
ostentatious display.
Mpalu, 2, ?z.-f-goad.
Mpambani, 2, ;/., a separating, a di-
viding up, hence, a heresy.
Mpambula, 2, ;?,, a division, schism,
a dividing into parties, a sepa-
ration,
zaya e mpambula (a), v., to be
able to distinguish (between), to
be a judge (of).
Mpami, 2, ;^, a strong man.
Mpandi, ^z^2/.=lembwa, App.
Mpandu, 2, ;/., sorcery.
vanda mpandu, •z/., to practise
sorcery.
Mpanga, 2, ;z., a verb.
Mpangilu, 2, «., an adverb.
MpangU, conj.., introducing a question.,
well, now ; introducing an ex-
planation, I suppose, that is to
say, that would mean, that
would be, that would imply
that ; not used in speaking to a
superior; wiza muna lumbu
sambanu, mpangu i unu,
come in 6 days, that would be
to-day.
Mpanu, 2, n. (P. panno), white baft
(cloth).
Mpanza, 2 & 1 1, ;^-fa piece of money.
Mpasi, 2, «., trouble.
Mpa-Mpi
(874)
Mpasi, co7ttiniced.
mpasi twakumona, we have
suffered much or we have had
a great deal of trouble {lit.
trouble we saw him).
mpasi zimonekene, a eicphemism^
he died (the trouble came).
mpasi, I, ?/., a corpse {a euphein-
isin.
Mpasi — (2), ;z,, a common — , an or-
dinary — .
. mpasi muntu {pi. mpasi wantu),
one of the common people ; ki
mfumu ko, i mpasi muntu, 1
am not the chief, I am only one
of the common people ; a mpa-
si wantu bawidi ovo wizidi,
the common people heard that
he was come ; a mpasi esi
Kongo ke hazolele wo ko, the
common people of Kongo do
not like it.
Mpasi, a^/2^. + rather, better, it would
be better to— ; OWU tuzolele
mpasi twakatuka, what we
wish rather is to get away.
Mpasi OWU, adv.^ however, still, at the
same time, not forgetting that,
already; e mfumu, tukangala
kweto mpasi owu tumwene e
ekembo, we are going, sir ; still,
we have much enjoyed our-
selves ; se nkwenda kwame
ingeta mpasi owu ndangini
ko e lumbu atanu, I must go,
thank you ; already I have been
here 5 days.
Mpava, 2, ;?., a searching, a hunting
for.
nsungi a mpava, the month when
the arachis is harvested.
-ampava, «., rare, scarce.
Mpe...mpe, conj.^ both... and ; ozevo,
ndiona okwenda mpe, yo
ona mpe olembi kwenda,
balungidi kwau, so that both
are right, he who goes & he
who stays.
Mpedi, I & 4, «., one who seduces
away another man's wife as a
Mpedi, co7iHnued.
set-off against a debt ; see pela
& ampela, App.
Mpeke-veke, 2, ?z., an eruption on the
ear.
-ampela, a., by seduction as a set-off
against debt ; see mpedi &
pela, App. ; longo luampela, a
marriage by seduction as above.
Mpela,
ke mpela ko, conj., if not, other-
wise, or else, or ; wizidila ke
mpela ko e ntangwa isaka,
come at once or else it will .
be too late.
Mpelezieka, 2, ?z., the manner of mak-
ing tasty dishes out of little
nothings.
Mpelo, 2, ;/.-!- fruit (generic).
Mpenga, 2, ;z., the immediate vicinity.
kuna mpenga, adv., beside, near,
close at hand, aside.
Mpenza, 2, n., exposure, bareness,
nakedness, publicity, empti-
ness.
-ampenza, a.., exposed, bare, naked,
public, open (to view), uncon-
cealed, plain, empty.
e or ku or va mpenza, adv., in full
exposure or view, in publicity,
in no way hidden, plainly,
nakedly, open, emptily.
mona e mpenza.
to have an un-
obstructed view, to see plainly,
clearly.
Mpesa, 2, ?z.=mpavala.
-ampevo, a., light, not heavy.
ntima (4) ampevo, n., a disposition
which soon abandons any pur-
suit, a faint heart.
Mpiaviana (2) a ntima (4), \ ^^^ jj^.
Mpiaviani (2), )
patience, restlessness.
Mpiku, 2, «., the aspect put on a
matter, an answer in a palaver,
whether a defence, excuse, ex-
planation or even the judgment
of the judge.
lamba e mpiku, v. {lit. to cook an
excuse), to counsel together as
( 875 )
Mpi-Mpu
Hpiku, continued.
to answer or excuse to be made
or judgment to be delivered, to
prepare a judgment.
vala e mpiku, to work up, trump
up an excuse or defence.
Mpila, 2, «., an animal killed & burnt
in a bush-fire.
Mpila, 2, ;/.
kuna kwa mpila a—, what a way
to — , what a remarkable way...;
kuna kwa mpila a ntungu
batungidi yo ! what a remark-
able way they built it too !
What a remarkable style of
building they made of it !
Mpilakeno, 2, w., an error, mistake,
erratum.
-ampilakeno, a., forgetful.
Mpilu, 2, ;/., a turkey.
Mpilu, 2, «., a purple colour.
Mpiluka, 2, ;/., a turning round to the
other side, conversion {pass.).
Mpiluka, 2, «., the other side ; vana
mpiluka a nzo, on the other
side of the house.
Mpilwa, 2, ?t., a mistake.
Mpimbu, 2, n., a disease character-
ised by a serous effusion, beri-
beri (?)
-ampimpita, «., new, strange, singu-
lar, unheard, very difficult to
comprehend or know or explain.
-ampiolo, a., crooked, winding, tortu-
ous.
Mpioto, 2, «., confusion, derangement,
entanglement.
Mpisa, 2, «., an auditor.
Mpitiku-mpitiku, 2, «., disorder, de-
rangement.
Mpitu ye nsengo {pi. 2) za, n., the
reason & explanation of — ,
handbook of — .
-ampivi, a., sole, only of its kind,
only.
Mpola, 2, «., a pump.
Mpolo, 2, n.
ku mpolo, adv., by face ; ke tu-
nzeye ku mpolo ko, we do
not know him by face.
Mpolo, continued.
vana mpolo, to one's face ; kale-
ndi wo vova vana mpolo ame
ko, he could not tell me that to
my face,
Mpombolo, 2, n., a log of wood, such
as is used to block the gates of
pig-sties, also a trap in which
a log of wood falls athwart the
animal.
Mpongo, 2, w., some great thing given
or done for a purpose ; bansi-
di e mpongo a tusevo, they
made him laugh much (to di-
vert his attention) ; kabaka-
yidi e mpongo a mbongo,
he gave them a great deal of
cloth (as a trap for them).
Mposoko, 2, ?/., an interspace.
kuna or muna or vana mposoko,
adv., between.
Mpova (2) a ndambu, w., the habit of
telling anything but the truth,
of putting people off with some
false statement or promise.
Mpoza, 2, ;/., a stoppage, ceasing.
ye mpoza {pi. only), without accom-
plishing (it) ; ovutukidi ye
mpoza zandi, he returned with-
out accomplishing it.
Mpu (2) a nlembo (4), n., a thimble.
Mpuku-vuku, 2, n., sound, that which
we hear with our ears.
Mpulukilu, 2, ;/., a means of getting
a living.
Mpululu, 2, n., a whydah bird.
Mpunga, 2, «., an officer sent by the
chiefs of a district, to demand
the surrender of a criminal, a
sheriff.
Mpungu-, the All-.
Mpungu-ngolo, 2, n., the Almighty.
Mpungu-nkanka, 2, ;/., the Saviour,
who has given us the greatest
example of devotion »& self-
sacrifice.
Mpungu-zayi, 2, n., the All-wise,
mpungu-vuvu, 2, n., the supreme
hope, great expectation, expec-
tation of great things.
Mpu-Mun
( 876
Mpungu-, continued,
sia e mpungu-vuvu, v., to ex-
pect great things,
Mputa, 2, ti. (P. puta), a woman who
has no husband (!), a prosti-
tute, a whore ; also the queen
in cards (so called by low Por-
tuguese).
-amputu, a., poor.
e mputuki, adv.^ returning the same
day ; wizidi e mputuki, he has
come, but returns to-day.
lEpuza ; 2 sijig. only {as ml)Ollgo),
seedlings for transplanting.
Mpuza, 2, «., a manner of uprooting.
Mpwa, 2, ;/., a species, kind, sort,
quaHty, style, description, form,
shape, pattern.
mpwa, 2, wilh the possessive pro-
nouns Prefixed by j (yame,
&c.), a mate, companion,
mpwa, 2 (Bako.), companion,
friend, mate.
Mpwasila, 2, n., interval, interspace,
muna (&c.) mpwasila a (or za),
prep., between.
Mpweso, 4, 71., the game of odds &
evens ; see mpinzi, App.,
games, p. 493.
Mpwilu, 2, ;/., a means of obtaining.
mpwilu a nsambu, a means of
grace.
mu-, pi. mi-, pre/, applied before the
7iames of 7nany places havi7ig a
7tasal i7iitial to de7tote the people
of the place. Mingombe
=Ngombe people.
Mu, locative.
i mu, adv., immediately, at once ;
una inyuvwidi e nzila, i mu
kandwekele, when I asked him
the way, he at once cut me
(with a knife).
ke mu...e? is it (&c.)not... .^ke mu
toma e? is it not nice?
Mufu, 3, 71. {pi. miufu)=muku.
Miiluzu {pi. miuluzu, from mulu,
sweet wort), 3, ;/., one who is
uneducated, whose powers have
not been developed, who is in
Miiluzu, co7itinued.
ignorance, in mental darkness,
a heathen.
mum- or mun-,//. mim- or min-,
prefixes applied before the
names of 77iany places having
a pure i7iitial to de7iote the
people of the place {the 7iasal is
light) ; Mindonde, the Londe
(highland) people,
-ft mumbenena, a. {pi. -a mimbene-
na), natural (to a tree, plant,
&c.), growing on.
Mumbidi, 3, n. (Solongo), the borers
which destroy wood in brackish
water.
Mumpambala, 3, «., sailor, one of the
crew.
Mumpanga — , 3, ;/., the doer of.
mumpanga - mawete, who does
good.
mimpanga-mayi, evil doers.
Mumpumpu, 3, n., a great long road-
way,a clear passage, a long open-
ing through — , a broad avenue.
Mumu, locative.
nkento ne i mumu yamuna, a
woman who spends her time
gossipping in every house.
mun-, see mum-, App.
Muna, locative.
muna ki— , what (I, &c.) is.
The verbs vova, mona, wa, a7id nia7iy
others are suffixed to the above,
///z^j— muna kiwa, mbazi ke-
luaka, what I hear is that to-
morrow he will arrive ; see also
kimona, kivova, kilembi, ki-
wa, kimbalu, App.
Mundanda, 3, «., a blue plantain eater.
Mundemba, 3, «., a species of Bau-
hinia (?), large yellow flower.
Mundemba-wana, 3, n., one who
christens children, a psedo-
baptist ; see lemba mwana,
App.
Mundembi— , 3, 7i., one who does not
or who fails to — .
mundembi-kwikila, an unbeliever,
one who does not believe.
( 877)
MuN-Mvi
Mundu, 2, n, (P. mundo, the world),
a lot, a world (oQ, a great quan-
tity (of) or number (oQ.
Mungadu (P.? peccado?), 3, //., an
unpardonable sin, a terrible
crime which can never be
atoned for.
Munganga, 3, w., the centre line (of
something long, as road, river,
plank, &c.).
Mungania, 3, «., a disagreeable indi-
vidual who always opposes the
suggestions of another ; j^^nya,
App.
Mungonga, 3, ;/., a roll, any packet,
parcel done up in shape as a
roll.
Mungumbuti, 3, n., a prominent
spine, rib or ridge, a moulding,
a corrugation, a raised orna-
ment, &c., in the form of a
ridge.
Mungwa, 3, n., salt. Part of the
ceremony of baptism in the
Romish Church consists of
placing salt in the mouth of
the candidate with the words,
"ye are the salt of the earth."
This impartation of salt is to
the native mind the most strik-
ing feature of the ceremony,
hence since 1624 (Doutrina
Christa), & certainly before
that time —
dia mungwa, v., to be baptized
after the rite of the Church of
Rome.
Mungwizi, 3, «., one in authority,
one who has authority over
others, a ruler, magistrate.
Munkia, 3, n.
minkia, pi. dawn of day, daylight.
Munkondwa— , 3, one who lacks or
who is without — ; munko-
ndwa-ngangu, one who lacks
wisdom.
Munkonko, 3, «., a small tree bearing
a tasty berry ; the small
branches are made into pipe
stems.
Munongo, 3, n. (Zombo), a weaver's
shuttle stick.
Munsinda, 3, «., a headman of a gang
or caravan.
Munsula, 3, ?/., a doer (of evil only) ;
see sula, App.
munsula-mayi, 3, «., the doer of
that which is very bad, an evil-
doer.
Muntantabadi, 3, ;/., a persistent
worrier, tormentor.
sungu (6) kia muntantabadi, «., a
terrible death by violence.
Muntu, I, ;/.
ke muntu diaka ko, (to be) past
all hope, (to have) no hope of
recovery, (to be) no longer a
living being, but practically to
rank already among the dead.
Musungula, in usage as ngatu, App.
+ nor.
Muti {pi. miuti), 3, «., she who bore,
he who begat, the bearer or
begetter.
Mvaka, 4, «., the shelf under a native
bed, a drawer (in a chest of
drawers or table), a store room,
a cupboard.
Mvandi {\ & 4) a mpandu (2), n., a
sorcerer.
Mvenene, 4, «., publicity, exposure ;
e mfulu ame mvenene ina
wingi, my bed is in a very
exposed position.
Mvengo, 4, ?/., something to be avoid-
ed.
Mvevo, 4, ^i", generosity, ungrudging
nature.
kuna mvevo, adv., generously,
freely, ungrudgingly.
mvevo a ntima (4), «., ready will-
ingness.
-amvevoki, a., no longer under re-
strictions, free.
Mviangalu (4) a ntima (4), «., ter-
rible pain, agony.
MviM, 4, «., stripe, lash, weal.
Mvila, 4, n., kind, fashion, style.
Mvila, 2, ;/., pedigree.
Mvilu, 2, «., a convert.
Mvi-MWA
(878 )
Mvilwa, I & 4, n.^ an unjust, unprin-
cipled, unscrupulous person ;
also an ignorant, stupid person,
a fool.
Mvimba, without any article or j[)re-
Jix {after a noun)^ 2, «., the
whole, all the — , the entire ; e
tini mviml)a nsumba kio, I
will buy the whole piece ; nzo
mvimba, the entire house.
This is probably an adverbial
usage of mvimba (as a whole),
although there is no article.
Mvimpi, I & 4, «., a healthy person,
one who is in sound health.
Mvinde, 1 1 & 2, ;z., a small bat.
Mvindi (4) a elanga (8) {pi. mvindi
mia malanga), a Colocasia,
coco, taro.
Mvinga, 2, n.^ an asking.
Mvingu, 4, ;;., a petition,
Mvingu, 4, n., that for which one is
waiting.
Mvingu, 4, n., that which is given in
place of something else, i.e.
which comes in the place of it ;
also he who replaces another.
Jdvinzu, 4, «., a tree the wood of
which is very hard, & which is not
touched by borers & white ants.
Mvita, 4, n., a hall, vestibule.
Mvivu, 4, ??., the surrounding country,
the neighbourhood.
Mvoni, 4, ;/., a slovenly fool.
Mvonzi, 4, «., a deep gully, ravine,
(deep) valley, gorge.
Mvoyongo (4) a etoko or a ndumba,
;/., a fine handsome young man
or woman.
Mvu, 4, ;/.
yakwele mvu, adv., eternally, for
ever, with the negative never.
. -a mvu ya mvu, «., everlasting,
eternal.
Mvudi, 4, ;/., greens, vegetables, the
leaves of which are eaten as
food.
Mvudi-mvudi, 4, ;/,, see kanda, App.
Mvudiangungu, 4, 7i., a simpleton,
ignorant man, who does not
Mvudiangungu, continued.
know what he is doing ; one
who does something which will
be bitterly regretted ; see ngfu-
ngu, App.
Mvuku, 2, n., the smell, scent {of a
person only), the odour natural
to any one.
Mvuku, 4, Ji., forbearance, long-suf-
fering.
Mvuku, 2, «., manure composed of
rotting vegetable matter.
Mvula, 4, n., selfishness, self-seeking,
the determination to please
one's self & do as one likes.
nkwa mvula, a selfish person.
Mvulela, 4, ;?., a broad road.
Mvumbi, 4, n., an exceedingly heavy
rain.
Mvunda, 4, n., the evil defects of sur-
feit or debauch.
mvunda a dia, the results of over-
feeding.
mvunda a nua, the after effects of
drunkenness.
Mvunga-vunga, 2, n., the very early
morning, early dawn.
e mvunga-vunga, adv., at dawn,
very early.
Mvungu, 4, n.
nunguna mvungu, v., to give
one's support to a matter.
Mvunzu, 2, n., muddy sediment.
Mvutwa, 4j ii- = mvudiangungu, App.
Mvuvu, 4, ;/. +a pipe, tube.
Mvwania, 2, n., pride.
Mvwa-vwa, ) 4, ;/., the track of
Mvwamvwila, ] a great beast.
Mwa, locative, on, of, from {before
living creatures only, and rarely
used ; mwa esi nsi bedilanga
e mpaka, on the people of
the country they levy the
tax.
mwaka-mwaka, adv., in divers or
various places.
Mwalala, 3, n., a centipede.
iffwalu, 3, n., a route, way of ap-
proach, way by which an attack
is made ; the strong part of a
( 879 )
MWA-Mwi
Mwalu, continued.
current, the current of a river,
the strong current.
mwalu a kiozi (5), a draught (of
air).
Mwambizi, 3 ;/. (Mbamba), a para-
mour, mistress.
Mwana, i, //.
mwana a longo (12), «., daughter-
in-law.
mwana a nkento, ;?.+a girl, a
young woman.
Mwana-kazi, i, n. (Bako.)=mwala-
kazi.
Mwana-ngudi, i {pi. wana-ngudi),
brother. This word is used
indefinitely of several brothers
regardless of the question of
comparative age^ also more in-
definitely of those toivhom one is
much attached and closely con-
nected^ as "brethren," in the
Christian Church The word
ngudi here refers more to the
ideas associated with ungudi,
than with a common mother, so
that it is quite proper to use of
those with whom one feels con-
nected as " brethren in Christ,''
or children of the Heavenl}'
Father ; so that the meafiing
has become when thus used
much widened from the primal
idea of motherhood. It is
actually in use in native life
as a term of close friendship.
KLwanda, adv.^ see -anda, App.
-amwanda, «., spiritual in nature,
spiritual.
mwangani (4), adv.=Q mwanga,
App.
Mwangasa, v.t. (Bako.)=mwanga-
nisa, p. 363.
Mwangu, 3, ;z.-|-a girder (iron).
mwangu (4), adv., in a scattered
condition, in a state of disper-
sion.
kala mwangu, -z/., to be scattered,
dispersed. . •
Mwanzu, 3, Ji. (Mboma), roof.
a., open.
-a mwasi (3) {pi. -a miasi),
-amwasi,
mwasi, adv., open.
Mwebele, 3, «., a weak person or thing.
Mwekwa, 3, «., a strong post on the
outside of the wall of a house,
to prevent it from heeling over;
a buttress.
Mwelele, 3, ;/., earwig.
Mwema, 3, n., the essence, essential
oil, strength, juice (of meat,
vegetables, herbs, «S:c.).
Mwema, 3, n. (Solongo), the mangrove
tree.
Hwenze, 3, n. {of living creatures
only), one not having yet at-
tained to maturity, hetice, mai-
den, virgin, pure, he7ice adopted
for such as maintain purity
eveji after maturity; see ndu-
mba, p. 369.
-amwenze, / • •
' \ a., virgin.
-a mwenze, )
Mwidila, 3, n. (Bake), a creek, gulf.
Mwina ye, there are... in.
Mwinga, 3, «.-f- stubble of any kind.
Mwingi, 3, n., one who is very great,
a man of importance or posi-
tion, a somebody.
nene-mwingi, excellent majesty,
one exceedingly great, a great
one (a high title).
fwa-mwingi, i, death is all-power-
ful, a name given to a daughter
born after many children or
relatives have died ; see nsi-
mote, App.
Mwisi (i) ki — , one who is in the
habit of — (///. a man of the
town where they — ) ; mwisi
kibaka makasi, one who is
in the habit of losing his temper
{lit. an inhabitant of Lose-your-
temper).
before a person! s name, a man of
the town of— or one of — 's
party or followers ; mwisi
ki-Makitu, one of Makitu's
followers or party. :
Mwivi, 3, «• (Bako.;, 3 key. ,
Na-Nda.
( 880
N.
-na, def. V.J see ina, App.
Naliwe, pro7i. inter. (Bako.), what?
(=aweyi).
Nanama, v.i., to be pulled tight, tense,
strained.
Nanga, a, «• (Bako.), a study.
Nanga, v. aiix.., to... perhaps orvQiy
likely ; onanga lunga, very
likely he was right.
dinanga lungana vo or dinanga
kala vo, it is perhaps possible
that— ; it may be perhaps
that— ; dinanga kala vo kwiza
kekwiza, it may be perhaps
that he may come,
nanga... ye, v. aux., to... perhaps,
to... about ; yananga mana ye
tezo kia ekumi vana fulu, I
finished about ten on the spot ;
ndanga kio sumba yo mbazi, I
may perhaps buy it to-morrow.
Nanga, ) ■ ^^1^55 jf ^ot, except.
Nangi, ) -^
Nanga, ") con/., perhaps, f/ie §, a/one
Nangi, j marking the difference
from the above.
-anangi, a., troublesome, irksome, an-
noying.
Nangia-nangia, 2, ;/., a being driven
about.
e nangia-nangia, adv., wandering
about, driven here and there.
Nangu & nangu, conj., see nanga &
nanga, App.
Nangn, 4, n., a stay, sojourn.
Nani, pron.
Ti nani kwaku or nge nani ? who
are you ?
nani yo nani ? who were they ? [lit.
who and who Y) what are their
names "i
Nata, v.t.^Xo take with one as escort,
companions, &c.
nata masumu (8), bear the guilt,
be guilty,
Nata, continued.
. nata mfundu (4), become liable
to judgment.
nata e mpanda (2), be guilty of or
come under condemnation for
a capital offence.
nata nkanu (4), be guilty of or
come under condemnation for
a criminal offence.
-anatana, «., compound, combined,
united together, as the com-
pound eyes of insects, co7n-
poimd molars of the elephant,
compotuid engines, binocular
instruments, undetached houses.
Natu, 4, n., a small engagement fee
paid to a doctor (of any kind)
when he is called to a case.
Nanumuna, v.t., to stretch, extend,
draw out, to draw a bow.
e nda yo (2), adv. {from danda), quite
full of ; e nzo ina ina e nda yo
wantu, the house is quite full
of people.
-anda, a.
mwanda, loc, in far distant places.
Ndabu, 2, n. (Bako.), eyelash.
Ndamba, 2, a considering, a turning
over in one's mind, cogitating ; ,
see lamba, App. |
-andamba, a. (Bako.). •*
su kiandamba, n., a mortar hol-
lowed out in the side of a log
instead of the end.
Ndambilu (2) a main (9), n., the place
where one's feet lay when lying
down, the direction of the feet.
Ndambu, 2, n., the confection of oil
and indiarubber placed on the
tympan of a drum to give tone
to it.
Ndambu, 2, ;/.
vana ndambu a, prep.^ beside, as
well as.
Ndandani, 2, n., order of rank or pre-
cedence or in which one follows
the other.
-andandani, a., ~) one after the
e ndandani, adv., / other, follow-
ing each other.
( 88i )
Nda-Ndo
Ndandu, 2, «., a reply, remark;
kavwidi dio ndandu ko edi
imvovese, he had nothing to
remark on what I said to him.
Ndandu, 2, «., profit in trade, gain,
use, profit, advantage.
Ndata, 2, «., the manner of carrying ;
the way of expressing oneself
or of putting things, a style of
speaking.
Ndaulau, 2, w.-fthe perfect insect of
a variety of white (.'') ant, ap-
pearing in the cold season.
Ndaza, 2, //., misfortune, curse, woe ;
ndaza kena yau, a curse is
on him ; ndaza tutelameseno,
everything goes against us or
we are under a curse.
Ndemba-lemba, 2, «., a species of
Bauhinia (?), large yellow flower.
Ndembi - nona, 2, «., a baize cloth,
having a red ground with a close
pattern of leaves or curves
upon it.
Ndembo, secret language of, see p. 506 ;
for examples, see kizengi, App.
When people return to their
towns after initiation into the
Ndembo mystery, they assume
new names, and of course, of a
complimentary import, imply-
ing fair, beautiful, light-skinned.
Women's names, Mianza, Mie-
zi, Maleko, Dima, Ndundu,
Masamba, Mvemba, Mabwa-
ka, Mbwaku ; if dark but
comely, Mwisi, Bweto, Ma-
lente. Men's names, Lema,
Kaloka, Lembanisa, Luyowa,
Nkau ; if dark, Ekuluzu.
one who has been initiated into the
mystery, nganga, 2, n.
one who has not, vanga, 6, n.
Ndezi, 2, ?z.=nsikinwa, App.
-andia, «., feeding, grazing.
ntoto (4) andia, n., feeding-ground,
pasturage ground which brings
forth food, rich soil.
-andia, a., edible.
Ndia (4) mosi, «.,
Ndia, continued.
luvila lua ndia mosi, the closest
relationship, i.e. having one
mother.
Ndia-nuni, 4, «., a red-wood tree,
good timber.
Ndiafu, 2, «., a foul feeder, one who
eats anything cooked or raw,
clean or unclean, hence, a very
irritating term of abuse.
Ndiala, 4, «. (Bako.), a lizard.
Ndiangula, 4, n., a giant.
Ndiasala, 4, n. ( Bako.), a lizard.
Ndibwa, 2, «., a very great quantity
which fills to overflowing.
e ndibwa (2) yo, adv., quite full of,
densely full of.
Ndiki-diki, 2, «., noise of some com-
motion.
Ndimbuki, i & 4, n., the selected one,
the elect, the chosen.
Ndio-dio, 4, «., one whose hunger
seems insatiable.
Ndiokololo, 4, «., a tall, straight tree,
a tall, thin man.
Ndiona, ^ de7n. &^ rel. proii., cl. i ,
andiona, \ sing., T,rd pos. empha-
ondiona, J tic, he, who, he that,
he who ; she, &c.
Ndioyo, dem. dr^rel. pron., cl. i, sing.,
2nd pos. emphatic, he, who, he
that, he who ; she, &c.
Ndioyu, dem. &^ rel. pron., cl. i, sing.,
1st pos. emphatic, he, who, he
that, he who ; she, &c.
Ndivo (=yandi vo), so he said, says,
quoth he, &c.
i muna nkutu..., ndivo, although,
even though ; see sentence under
wingi, App.
e ndolo-ndolo, adv., hurrying along
{lit. with go-on, go-on).
Ndomba, 2, n., a petitioning, begging ;
also the thing begged for.
Ndombola, 2, n., a. darkening, a
blackening, darkness, blackness
{act.).
Ndonga, 2, «., a weaver's shuttle stick.
e ndongeleka, adv., in a line, one
after the other in a line ; ma-
3L
Ndo-Nen
( 882 )
Ndongeleka, continued.
vata mau amatanu mena e
ndongeleka, those 5 towns are
in a line or come one after the
other on the line of route.
Ndongota, 2, «., investigating, philo-
sophic pursuits, philosophizing.
Ndongoti, 2, «,, an investigator, one
who seeks knowledge, a philoso-
pher.
Ndua, 2, «., a drink, beverage.
Ndua, 2, ?2., a manner of drinking, a
draught.
Nduandu (Bako.)=ndioyu.
-andudi, rt;.+very bad, shocking.
Nduka, 4, «., a hole in a hill side, a
cave.
Ndukana, 2, «., the manner or sense
of smelling.
Ndukuta, 2, «., the sense of smell.
Ndukutila, 2, «., perspiration, close-
ness.
Ndula, 2, «., young sprouting grass.
Ndumba, 2, «.-|-a woman of middle
age is often gallantly spoken
of as ndumba, until indeed it
seems sometimes to be almost
a synonym of woman.
-andumba, a., young (of women).
Ndumba, 2, n.^ a mixing, blending,
combining, adulterating.
Ndumbizi, 2, «., a bridesmaid, the
bosom friend of a girl {only used
of girls and young women).
Ndumbu, 2, ??., aromatic plants {ge-
neric)^ incense.
Nduna (Bako.)=ndiona.
Ndunda, 2, «., the midst, the main
part.
ndunda a evata, the centre of the
town.
ndunda a nkoko, the main stream,
well out from the shore, the
middle of the river.
Ndungianu, 2, n.., a stupid condition,
the result of drink or severe
sickness, also one who is in
that condition.
Ndungununa, 2, ??., a crack in the
corners of the mouth.
Nduta, 2, ;/., the passing by, the Pass-
over.
Nduvu, 4, «., cruelty, abominable,
hard treatment.
-anduvu, «., cruel, abominable,
shameful {in that sense).
Nduzu, 4, «., a burrow, a hole (made
by an animal).
Ndwadi, 2, «., a wound, cut, gash.
-andwelo, a.
ke -andwelo, not a few, no little or
small.
Ndwenga, 2 {generally pi.), n., clever-
ness, talent, genius, ability, skill,
tact.
Ne-, pre/., see p. 369. Nouns prefixed
by ne- retain their original class,
or become 1st classy nenunu, 4,
an ancient ; nunu being a noun
of the 4th class.
Nebidi, 2, n., a fierce cyclone, hurri-
cane.
Nekwenda, i, n., one sent on an errand,
messenger.
Nemavitu, i, n., the keeper of the
gate.
Nembumba-kalutwa, i, n., an in-
quisitive fellow, who will allow
nothing to pass without investi-
gation {lit. Mr. No-secret-shall-
be-passed-by).
Nemfilatu, i, n., the king's most
trusted councillor, the Premier.
Nemfimbi, i, n. (from kizengi), a dog's
name, searcher.
Nempemba-ewungu, i, n., one of a
number of judges who has taken
bribes from both parties in a
case, & when the case is de-
cided the party which lost ex-
posed his action, and, in conse-
quence, the whole judgment fell
upon him ; he has gathered
(wungula) the whole upon him-
self.
Nene, 12, ;/., the right side, the east.
kuna nene wa, to the right hand
side or east of.
Nene-mwingi, see under mwingi,
App.
(883 )
Nen-Noe
Nenevesa (Kib.), v.t., to make great.
Nengi (Mba.), adv.^ then, afterwards.
Nengoka, v.i.^ to start (of a ship), to
launch out into the deep, set
sail, sail away.
Nengolo, i, «., the mighty one, the
all-powerful, the Almighty.
Nengona, v.t.^ to cast into an abyss
or chasm or over a precipice.
Nenkongo-a-mpanzu, i {sini;. only)^
one who performs on the funeral
drum (esikilu).
Neniinu, 4, «., a very old person, an
ancient.
Nga before a future tense implies that
the action is to follow as a
natural course; nga mbazi
tukwenda, we shall go then to-
morrow (of course).
nga or nga i before the past or per-
fect tense of a verb is equivalent
to ought to have, should have,
the action being considered as
a natural consequence to son-ie-
thing expressed or understood;
nga i nwavanga didi, you
ought to have done this ; nga
wakombele vava ezono, you
ought to have swept here yes-
terday.
nga vo i— , as for—, but— ; nga vo
i mono, as for me or but 1—.
Ngaluka, 2, «., incandescence,, glow-
ing or white heat.
Ngambu, 2, «., unconsciousness.
fwa e ngambu, v^ to become un-
conscious.
Ngamela, 2, n. (P. camara), the room
or house in which a corpse is
kept before interment.
Ngandu, 2, «., an ivory horn giving
the note of " sol," the 5th in the
chord to which they are set.
Nganga, 2, n.^ one who has been
initiated into the ndembo or
any other mystery ; one who has
had one of the infectious dis-
eases, and can therefore nurse
any one suffering from it.
nganga (2) a mpaka (2), «., a con-
Nganga, continued.
tentious fellow, one who is al-
ways raising objections.
Ngangu, 2, ;/.
ngangu ke nlongo ko, vo mi-
nwikwa muntu kaluka (Pro-
verb)^ wisdom is not mjedicine
to be administered that a man
should be wise.
Ngani, 2, n.
mfumu (2) ngani, a free man or
woman»
-angani, a. -|- that which nobody has
any right to interfere with, free,
independent.
Ekongo diangani, «., the Con^
Free State.
Ngani, 2, n.^ sourness, acidity.
Nganzi, 2, ;/., unwillingness to com-
ply,, disobedience ; intumini,
kansi nkwa nganzi, kekwe-
nda kwandi ko, I sent him,
but he is disobedient ; he will
not go.
Nganzu, 2, n.^ the bush and scrub on
the outskirts of a town which
is protected from the annual
bush-fires by a ring of clearing
all round the town.
Kgavo i — , co7ij.^ as for — , but — .
ngavo i mono, as for me t;rbut I—.
ngatu, conj., nor, before the last of a
seties of negative alternatives^
atid followed only by an abstract
noun or the verb in the infinitive;
when preceding a sentence, as
below, the verb is in the subj.
fut. indef tense; nlongo-
ki kasundidi nlongi andi
ko, ngatu ntaudi kasunda
mfumu andi, a pupil is not
greater than his teacher or a
servant than his master ; kuvo-
vi luvunu ko ngatu yiya ma,
do not tell a lie or steal any-
thing.
Ngawa, 2, ;/. (Bako.)=ngau, p. 372.
Ngemba, 2, ^. + the disposition which
gladly & cheerfully does a kind-
ness, readiness to do a kind
Nge-Ngu
( 884 )
Ngemlia, continued.
■action, complaisancy, kindly
feeling, hence, friendliness,
friendship, &c.
sia e ngemba, v., to make peace
lor friendsiiip,
ngemba a ngudi, 2, n. (Rako.),
motherly love, tender affection,
great kindliness, tender mercy.
-angenge, a., sounding, giving forth
a ringing sound,
Ngengele, 2, ;/. (Bako.), the pupil of
the eye.
Ngengele, 2, «., a huge mass.
ngengele a nti, a huge, enormous
tree.
ngengele a etadi, a boulder.
-angengele, «., huge, massive.
etadi (7) diangengele, a boulder
stone.
Ngengo, 2, It., the height of one plane
surface above another or of one
horizontal beam, &c., above
some given point, itof the
measurement of anythi?tg per-
pendicular.
Ngengo, 2, n., a very steep and dan-
gerous bank or chasm or slop-
ing precipice.
Ngengengo, 2, n., a chasm.
e ngi (2), adv., tightly, firmly, se-
curely.
-angidinginza, a., desolate, solitary,
drear, bare, treeless.
Ngizilu, 2, n., the reason or purpose
for coming.
NgingU, 2, n., limit, bound, not ■any-
thing marked out, but the
boundary of what is right or
intended, the bounds of modera-
tion.
e ngingu kole, adv., thoroughly
but not too much, in moderation,
within the bounds of modera-
tion.
Ngobodi, 2, n., something huge, ter-
ribly great, something which
inspires awe on account of its
size, a bogie, a dragon, a fabu-
lous monster, a mask to wear
Ngobodi, continued.
upon the face to inspire awe or
fear.
Ngodi, 2, A(.=ngongo, p. 374.
ngodi ame, I do not want to ; ngodi
is more a child's word than
ngongo.
Ngodia-ngodia, 2, /z. -(-the remote past.
Ngofwila, 2, n., something done all
to no purpose, a waste (of
energy, money, «&c.), something
not wanted, of no use.
-angofwila, a., wasted, of no use,
spent in vain, not wanted,
wasteful, purposeless, useless.
e ngofwila, adv., all to no purpose,
all in vain.
Ngoma, 2 (Bako.), a large barrel (of
powder).
-angomba, a., not timid, not shy,
tame.
Ngonda, 2, n. (Bako.), the moon.
Ngondo, 2, 11., a large squirrel, white
hairs on yellow-skinned belly,
the rest brownish white, whitish
stripes on tail.
Ngongo (2) antela, n.. Calabar bean.
Ngonzekela, 2, n., a collection.
-angOVO, a., for nothing, for no pur-
pose or reward or reason.
Ngozi, 2, n. (Bako.), a snoring.
sa ngozi (Bako.), to snore.
Nguba, 2, «.
dia e nguba akuluka omu tulu
(Proverb), to eat without fear
or anxiety, to be in peaceful
circumstances.
Ngndi (2) a longO (12), n., the mother-
in-law of the wife {not of the
husband, she would be ko).
Ngumba, i,n. (Bako.)=kimpunibulu.
Ngumbu, 2, n., an outer covering,
casing, something of sufficient
thickness & strength to prove
a protection, a screen, partition ;
also a dome, arch, arc.
Ng^nga, 2, n., a vault for temporary
or special interment.
NgungU, 2, ?^ -I- parchment.
NgungU, 2, n., a very great crime or
(885
Ngu-Niu
NgungU, conitnued.
one of far-reaching conse-
quences of evil.
Ngungula-ngungula, 2, «., jioise,
rush, bustle, energy.
Ngutu, 2, «., a metal spoon, a trowel.
Ngwawani, 2, «., concord, accord,
harmony, a being in tune
(whether of people or musical
instruments).
Ngwelele-ngwenze, 2, «., an orator,
a good speaker.
Ngwenzo, 2, «., a delicious taste or
flavour (supposed to be per-
ceived by the ears rather than
the tongue).
e ngwi (2), adv., tightly, firmly, se-
curely.
Ngwilu, 2, n., the sense of hearing.
Ngwizani, 2, n., willingness to listen
to each other & be reasonable ;
a state of law & order, civiliza-
tion, friendly intercourse.
Ngyadi, 2, «., fetus, embryo.
Ngyaku, 2, «., one who comes to aid
in the prosecution of some enter-
prise ; one who joins in a song
or chorus, a chorister.
Ngyambani, 2, n., the most intimate
& friendly relationships, even
to a community of goods almost ;
see yambana, App., hence, —
ngyamhani muna mpasi, or mu
wete, sympathy in sorrow or
joy.
Ngyambika (2) a moko (9), «., the
laying on of hands, the im-
position of hands ; see yambika,
App.
Ngyambu, 2, n., permission.
Ngyatiku, 2, «., a commencement,
beginning.
Ngyeleka, 2, «., a taste, an earnest,
something given as an earnest
of more to follov/ all in due
course.
Ngyemo, 2, n., a suckling.
Ngyendelo, 2, «., the reason for going.
Ngyumbula, 2 (Bako.), ) ^^ ^ ^^^
Ngyumbwila, 2, ) '
Niania, v.i., to shine, glitter, sparkle.
Nianza, v.i., to go, come or walk
noiselessly.
Nianzuna, ) v.t., to crush into pulp,
Niasuna, \ to pulp.
Nienge, 4, n-, sorrow.
Niengomoka, v.i., to rot to pieces.
Nienie, 6, «., apostrophe (').
Nienza, 7/.z.=niaiiza (App.).
Nieta, v. (Bako.), to crush or mash
against the side of the cooking
pot.
Nietama, v.i., to be pressed under a
heavy weight.
Nieteka, v.t., to place a heavy weight
upon.
Nietoka, v.i., to come in crowds.
Nikinwa, 6, «., the stone used for
crushing (pepper, &c.) on an-
other stone.
Niku-niku (4), «•, see nsonsa, App.
Nikuna, 7/./. + start (a subject); wau
onikwini e diambu diadi,
since you have started or men-
tioned this subject — .
Nima, 2, ??. + lee, shelter.
Nimba, v., to doze.
manimba, pi. 9, «., sleep-sickness.
Nimba, I'.t., to revolve rapidly, per-
pendicularly only.
Ninga, 6, n., a long thin kwanga.
Ningika, v.t., to stop, delay, check,
keep still or silent, restrain, im-
pede.
Niokoka, v.i., to come or be put or
brought in crowds or abund-
ance.
Niokona, v.i., to put or bring plenti-^
fully.
Niongota, v.i., to wriggle and crawl
(as maggots).
Niosona, v.t., to beat cruelly.
Niotona, ^./.= niokona, App.
Niosi, 2, «., a bee (Bako.), honey.
Nitu, 2, ??. 4-the flesh, the substance
of the body, so the body ; nitu
ame ina e kiozi, I am cold,
lit. my flesh is cold ; nitu a
muntu, human flesh.
Niukutu, 2, n.
Niu-Nka
( 886 )
Niukutu, continued.
ye niukutu yo nta, «., very sour.
Bfiunguta, v.L (Bako.), to wriggle &
crawl (as maggots).
Itkabu, 2, «.+courage, pluck.
Nkadi, 2, «., a demon, devil, a fiend-
ish person,
nkia nkadi inete ko, what in the
d took him there ? what
wretched influence induced him
to go there 1
Nkafi, 4, n. {generally sing.\ irrita-
tion, anger, vexation,
-ankaka, a. (Bako.), other.
Nkaka (2) a ekunda(8), 2, «., a great-
grandparent.
Nkakidiswa, 2, n.^ a screen, shield
or shelter, something which
blocks the way or view,
Nkakilu, 2, ;z,, a guard, flange.
Nkakilwa, 2, n., a check, brake,
ratchet ; see kakidila, A pp.
Nkakuludia, .2, /?., a gr^at great grand-
parent.
Nkala-menga, 4, ??.+tbe place where
a great hunter was buried or
where his hair which was cut
off his head at death, was buried.
Nk§,lati, 2, «., thinness, emaciation,
-ankalati, «., thin, emaciated.
Nkama, 4, ;?., wife or husband, seldom
iLsedbtct. of those in high position.
Nkambakani, i & 4, ??., a mediator,
a go-between,
Nkambakani, 2, «,, many things lying
across each other.
Nkambiku, 2, ;?., a parallel of lati-
tude, latitude.
-ankambwa, a.
nsangu (2) zankambwa, second-
hand news.
Nkamvi, 4, ,«., tissue of any kind
which has been chewed and the
goodness extracted, chewed re-
fuse.
Nkanda, 4, n.
vana nkanda a basia (P. basia),
^'., to present with one's freedom.
nkanda efwa (8), w., a will, testa-
ment.
Nkanda, continued.
nkanda a longo (10), «., money
paid to the parents for a wife.
wana (i pi.) 2^ nkanda a ese, chil-
dren of one father but various
mothers, i.e. the children of the
man's matrimonial speculations.
Nkanda-kanda, 2, n.
vana nkanda-kanda a, prep.., on
the top of (water only),
Nkandikilwa, 2, ?/., a prohibition.
Nkangadilu, 4, n., a visitation (re-
ceived).
Nkangala (4) a nzila aLuvu(Proverb),
;/., those who happen to be going
in the same direction, but on
different business, having no-
thing to do with each other.
Nkangalu, 4, n., company, com-
panionship.
Nkangalu, 4, «., visit (paid).
Nkangazi, 4, «., one who travels.
Nkangazi, 4, ^,-l-a reflected image.
Nkangu, 4, n.^ an agreement, a cove-
nant, bond, contract.
mbiya a nkangu, see mbiya, p. 343-
e lumbu kia nkangu a ntangwa,
the day appointed.
nkangu, adv.^ tied up, bound,
locked ; twika kio nkangu,
send it tied up ; ngyele yo
wana nkangu, I went &
found it locked.
-ankangu, a., tied up, bound, pri-
soner.
-ankangu, «., numerous.
Nkangu (4) a ntima (4), «-, misery,
wretchedness.
Nkani, 2, «,, one who has malicious
intentions.
-ankani, «., malicious.
Nkanikinu, 4, n., a promise, vow,
threat, command, imperative
instruction, an order,
sia nkanikinu, v., to make a
promise or threat, to take a
vow, command, order.
Nkanka, 2, «.-f devotedness, devotion
{in that sense., not worship)., self-
abandonment in the cause of
Hka
( 887)
Nka-Nke
kanka, continued.
another, faithfulness {in that
sense).
sia e nkanka, 7/., to display such
devotion.
Nkanka, 2, «., the faith, confidence,
trust. In Doutrina Christa
(1624) this word is always used
i of the Faith, religion.
nkanka za Nzambi ampungu=
the Christian religion, the holy
Faith. This is the solution of
the difficulty which prompted
the note under nkanka on p.
380. It may be that the real
and original meaning of nkanka
is faithfulness, and that this was
strained into usage for faith,
because the ancient mission-
aries lacked a better word.
sia e nkanka, v.^ to impose faith
or confidence, confide, trust.
Nkanu, 4, «. + a criminal offence.
nata nkanu, v., to be guilty of or
come under condemnation for
a criminal offence, be guilty.
Nkanza, 2, n. (Bako.), a jigger which
has not penetrated the skin.
Nkanzangala, 2, «.^kingandi.
Nkanzika, 4, «., a mouthful.
Nkasi, pi. 2, «., thongs of skin or
leather twisted together.
Nkasi, 2, «., fierce determination.
Nkata, 2, 71.
wanda. . .0 moko mu nkata, to con-
vey the news of a murder (to
one in authority) ; wizidi wa-
nda mfumu moko mu
nkata, he came & told the
chief of the murder.
-ankatu, <2. + for nothing, wrongfully.
Nkatulu, 4, «., the taking away.
Nkavi, 2, «., a powerful, strong
man.
-ankavi, «., powerful.
Nkawa-meso, 4, «., sleeplessness,
night watchings.
Nkawu, 2, «., watcher, watchman,
policeman, gendarme.
Nkaya-kaya, co7ij.^ notwithstanding,
Nkaya-kaya, continued.
nevertheless, in spite of all, all
was in vain, it was of no use.
e nkaya-kaya, adv.^ in rain, fruit-
lessly, to no purpose.
Nkayikwa, 2, « , a cross-piece, cross-
line, cross-threads, the woof, a
part which lies at right angles
with a structure or fabric,
-ankayikwa, a., lying cross-wise,
cross, thwart, at right angles
with the length.
ku nkayikwa, adv.^ cross- wise,
athwart, at a right angle with
the length.
Nkayi-niini, 2, «., Buteo jackal, the
jackal buzzard, having a cry like
a jackal, living much on the
ground, & is a great ratter.
Nkeka (2) a mfinda, «., a thistle
growing in the woods.
-ankeko, a.^ fine, handsome, rich, or-
namental.
Nkembo, 2, «., an ornament, piece of
finery, jewel, jewellery.
Nkenda, 2, n
kuna nkenda or kuna nkenda-
nkenda, with the apHied fortn
of the verb^ sorrowfully, sadly»
regretfully.
nkenda! inteij., poor thing.
Nkenene,//. 2, n., fury, great anger,
rage.
Nkengezi, 2, n. (Bako.), climbing
grass, razor-edged, also a sharp
marsh grass.
Nkengi, i & 4, «., one who takes care
or looks after (something), a
bishop.
Nkengwa, 2, «., a light, lamp, native
candle of arachids or croton
nuts threaded on a stick.
Nkenonoka, 2, «., abhorrence, loath-
ing.
Nkento (i) ansona, w., a widow {i.e.
a woman solitary, bereft).
Nkento-nkento, 2, ;/., ayoung woman.
Nkenza, 2, n. (Bako.), the vagina.
Nkesona, 2, ;/., a piece broken off, a
crumb, bit.
Nke-Nki
Nketa, 4, «., folds of skin in emaciated
or very fat people.
e nkete, adv.^ with subj.fiit. indef. and
only used where the action is
not yet performed, before, pre-
vious to, while as yet... not, on
no account... before. There is
something very emphatic, eveti
imperative^ wheft nkete is used.
e nkete ofonga, okanga e
nkombo, before you sit down
tie the goat.
6 nkete nki ? why, for what reason ?
(///. what was before as a reason
or cause ?)
Nketekelo, 2, n., that part of any-
thing which is between two
large ends, specially narrowed
& drawn out, as the stem of a
wine-glass or the handle of a
dumb-bell.
Nketekwa, 2, n., a peg upon which
to hang things, also the crosses
often stuck into fetishes. The
translator of the Doutrina
Christa (1624) says that "The
Kongos called the crucifix
iquetiquelo" (pi.), i.e. iketekelo
(sing, kiketekelo) or^ as it
would be in the modern Kon-
go, ketekelwa (fr. keteka, to
hang up), thing on which to
hatig.
Nki.
kiau tu nki, adv., by all means,
certainly, indeed.
anki, interj., why {when used as an
interj.); anki olueke, why, here
he is !
Nkiamtiembie, 2, n. + plant and
beans (bright red with black
ends) of Abrus prectorius ; the
beans are known as Jaquirity
beans.
Nkidibita, 4, n., a great piece of fire-
wood.
Nkiedi, 2, «. + money paid into court
before decision is given, a wager,
a bet.
Nkielelo, 2, n., dawn.
Nkielelo, continued.
ntetembwa (2) a nkielelo, day-
star, morning star.
Nkiku, 4, n.^ regular way of doing
things, established custom,
general rule (of grammar), law
(of nature).
Nkikwa, 2, n., a thing to intercept
with.
nkikwa a tulu (6), a breast-plate.
Nkinda, 2, «., a being strong,
strengthening ; also the charms
worn to protect from evil, a
phylactery.
nkinda e evata, a fetish image
placed in the centre or entrance
of a town to protect the town
& ensure its prosperity. A fe-
tish image when carved is a
mere piece of wood until a
small portion of the contents
of a bundle of fetish has been
placed in a hole in the head or
belly of the image ; this portion
is called the nkinda (strength),
and so long as it remains in
the image it is a fetish. The
soul of the fetish is in the nki-
nda.
Nkinda-nkinda, 4, n., an uncertain,
unstable, unreliable fellow.
Nkindi, 4, n. (Bako.), a carved wooden
pillow.
Nkingu, 2, n., a crowd, mass, great
number, how many or exceed-
ingly, what a — , used only in
expressions of wonderment ;
nkingu a wantu bena vava,
what a mass of people there
are ! nkingu a tombe ekio !
how fearfully dark it is !
nkingu a nzo yoyo ! what an
immense house ! nkingu a
tonga ekio! a big fellow like
this too ! (I should have thought
that you would have known
better, a big fellow like you.)
Nkio, 2, n., excessive bitterness.
Nkisi (4) a teke (Bako.), n., epileptic
fits.
( 889 )
Nki-Nku
Nkitimisu (4) a ntima (4), «., a hor-
rible, terrible thing.
Nkitimu, 4, ;/., a great roaring con-
flagration.
Nkitimu (4) a ntima (4), n., a horror,
a shudder, a terrible thing !
(causing a shudder) ; nkitimu
a ntima kikilu wekala ! what
a terrible thing it was !
nkiti nkiti nsangu-nsangn, adv.^
safe & sound.
Nko.
i nko i nko, adv., here one & there
another, here & there, in various
places (but not everywhere).
Nkodi (2) ankwata, «., a white-
breasted buzzard.
-ankofo, «., great, big.
Nkoko, 4, «., a long straight trumpet
without any bend.
Nkolo, 4, «., an affair to be attended
to, business.
Nkolomona, 2, «., freedom from all
obstruction & difficulties ; also
marks made at the junction of
two roads to show which road
the caravan takes.
-ankolomona, a., straightforward,
unobstructed (of a course).
Nkolwa, 2, n.
nkwa nkolwa, a drunken man.
Nkomba, 2, n., the father of the bride
(at a wedding).
Nkombe, 2, «., a whistling noise made
by Kongos when stopping to
rest in chmbing a hill or in set-
ting down a heavy load.
ta e nkombe, v., to make such a
sound.
-ankomfo = ankofo.
Nkonda (2) a koko (9), «., the hollow
of the bent arm (in which chil-
dren are often nursed) ; osidi
mwana andi vana nkonda
a koko, he nursed his child on
his arm.
Nkondo, 4, n.
zinga nkondo, to cross the arms
over the chest & clasp one's
shoulders.
Nkondobela, 2, ;/. (Bako.)=nkondo
above.
ta nkondobela = zinga nkondo.
Nkondo-nkondo, 4, «., the crossing of
the arms over the chest through
grief, bitterness of spirit, grief.
Nkondwa, 2, «., deficiency, deficit,
that which is lacking, a being
in need, want, necessity.
Nkongolo, 2, «., see etenda-nkongolo
(App.).
Nkongolozi, 2, «., a ring, circle.
Nkonko, 2, n. (Solongo), a point,
promontory, cape, headland.
Nkono, 4, w., the source of one's in-
come, business, trade, occupa-
tion, profession.
Nkonzo, 2, n.^ the source of strength
& energy, that which makes
the muscles & members move
and render their service, not
life^ but nervous energy, hence,
a nerve ; kena ya nkonzo ya
ngolo ko, he has no energy or
strength.
Also a fetish image supposed to re-
store strength to a paralysed
part {i.e. from which the nkonzo
has departed).
Nkosa,4, L,., lobster.
Nkosa a mbu, )
Nkosa, 4, n., a very old man.
Nkoyo, 2, n., a 20-lb. barrel of pow-
der.
Nkristn, i, «., a Christian,
-ankristu, a.. Christian.
Nkuba, 2, ;/., a grass tick.
-ankuba, a., woven throughout, woven
entire.
Nkubilwa, 4, n., the foundation or
what corresponds to it in a
Konj^o house^ the main stakes
of a building.
-ankufi, a.
i vanknfl va tadila makinu
(Proverb), it is well for him that
he tried that little trick on me ;
if he had treated any one else so
he would have learnt a lesson
{lit. it is on a short (small)
Nku-Nku
( 890)
Nkubilwa, continued.
place that one practises a
dance).
Nkuka, 2, n.y redemption {mid. v.).
Nkuku, 2, «., a mushroom-shaped nest
of white ants.
Nkuku, 2, «., grime.
Nkula, 4, n., a rapid chase, a race, a
course.
Nkulu, I, 7Z.+a patriarch.
-ankulu-nkumbi, a., very ancient.
Nkulu, 2, n., redemption {passive).
Nkulu, 2, ?/., fruit (like a fir cone) of
mpusu, & date palm.
Nkulubu, 2, ;?., a basket or cage
(small) in which pigeons or
small animals can be carried.
e nkuluki, adv., returning some other
day ; wele e nkuluki, he has
gone, and will not return for a
day or two.
Nkuluki, 2, ;/., a loss, that which is
lost fin trade or accounts).
Nkuluku (4) a moyo (3) ^rntima (4),
n., patience, resignation, ease of
mind.
Nkulukwa, 2, n., a losing, a loss.
Nkulungunzu, 2, n., hard,
-ankulungunzu, hard.
Nkulungunzu, 4, n., nakedness, bare-
ness.
-ankulungunzu, a., naked, bare.
Nkuluntu, 2, n.y one of the chief of
the elders, an ancient man, a
senator, governor.
There are two nouns nkuluntu;
one has a light nasal itiitial,
and belongs to the 2nd class,
the other a heavy nasal initial,
and is of the \st c^ass. The
ind class noun itnplies an in-
dividual much more old and
honourable than him of the 1st
class noun.
Nkulwa, 2, «., redemption {passive).
Nkuma, 4, n., strength (physical),
energy, power, by the posses-
sio7i of which one has efuka.
Nkumbi, 2, «., a swarm of lunswa
(winged white ants).
Nkumbi, 2, «., a viceroy, governor,
ambassador, representative,
pronoun.
ye nkumbi yo lulendo, adv., by
assumed pretensions, by un-
warranted violence ; bakutu-
mwini madia muna mba-
ngu zeto ye nkumbi yo
lulendo, they snatched the food
out of our baskets as though it
were theirs.
-a nkumbi yo lulendo, a.
e zumba kia nkumbi yo lule-
ndo, a rape.
Nkumbi, 4, n., a wonder, marvel.
i diau didi i mbuta a nkumbi,
this is the most important point,
item, factor, matter, &c.
Nkumbu, 2, «. + a noun.
Nkumbu, 4, n., a crop.
Nkumbuluka, 2, ;/., a repetition, a
number of times.
Nkumfu, 4, «., wilfulness, obstinacy,
stubbornness, perverseness,
crookedness, surliness, churl-
ishness.
Nkuminu, 2, «., a pause.
Nkuna, 2, ;^.-f-a plant (planted).
Nkuna, 2, «., a planting, a sowing.
Nkunda, 2, ;/., home.
e nkundakiani (2), adv., ) one above
-ankundakiani, a., \ the other,
one on top of the other.
Nkunda-ngongo, 2, n. (Bako.), a large
gallinaceous bird, bustard ?
Nkunda-nkunda, 2, n., an epiphytic
plant growing on the nsafu tree.
e nkundieka (2), adv.^ ) one above or
-ankundieka, a., } on top of
the other.
e nkundikwa (2), adv., in the plural.
Nkungi, 4, «., a great sight, spectacle
or function to which a great
number of people gather ;
nkungi a nkasa walungilu,
the giving of the nkasa had
gathered a great crowd (///. the
function was resorted to, largely
being tmderstood).
Nkungulu, 4, ft., a wonder, marvel.
Iangnlu, continued.
diau didi i mbuta a nkungnlu,
this is the most important point,
item, factor, matter, &c.
unka, 4, //., the pitch, slope, of a
roof.
Nkunku, 2, w., a jungle which was not
burnt last season.
Nkunku, 2, n. (Bako.) = nganzu
(App.).
Nkunku, 2, «., a master of his pro-
fession, one who is perfect (in
his knowledge, &c.) ; i salu
kia nkunku kiki, this is the
work of a master hand.
Nkunkula, 4, n.^ the grinding surface
of a grindstone ; the tire of a
wheel, also the surface to which
the tire is applied.
Nkusi, 4, n. (Bako.), a breaking of
wind (downwards),
ta nkusi, v., to break wind.
Nkuta (2) a luse (10), «., the middle
of the forehead.
Nkutu-bandu, 2, «., something which
is a careful copy of something
else, an exact copy or repro-
duction, the impression left by
a seal.
mwana a nkutu-bandu, a child
which is the very image of its
parent, &c.
nkanda a nkutu-bandu, a copy-
book.
Nkuwu, 2, «., a carpet or rug upon
which only a chief may sit,
hence the sign of lawful autho-
rity & government, the ideal of
proper government {see under
kiyoka) ; kuna nsi eno ke
kuna nkuwu ko, there is no
established authority or govern-
ment in your country.
bangula e nkuwu, v., to break a law,
commit a very serious offence.
According to Kongo custom,
when such an offence was com-
mitted anarchy prevailed until
the culprit was punished, not
until then was law and order
( 891 )
Nku-Nkw
Nkuwu, continued.
restored, meanwhile violence
reigned,
yala e nkuwu, to spread the nkuwu,
to assume the government,
yala -nkuwu, a fine spreading
tree,
-ansi a nkuwu, a., unlawful, pro-
scribed, penal, but when used
of authorities^ couficils^ &c.,
legal, properly constituted, ac-
cording to the statutes.
Nkuzuki, I & 4, «., a transgressor.
Nkwa, I, n.
nkwa zayi (12), n.^ a generous,
liberal person (who knows how
to make good use of his money).
-nkwa before verbs.
unkwa or unkwa kala vo, in
case that, if perhaps, if per-
haps it may be that, if; when
U- (uma, understood) is thus
prefixed to -nkwa it becomes
impersotial^ and implies possi-
bility existent^ but when the
other prefixes are applied^ it is
to be translated by lest, &c., i.e.
to avoid the possibility ; ve-
nkwa kala oyu ovova vo— ,
some one may say that — .
Nkwala, 2, ;/., a channel, highway.
-ankwala-nkwala, a.
ndungu zankwala-nkwala, pepper
without salt.
Nkwalu, 4, «., hasty thoughtlessness
& carelessness in speech or
action,
-ankwalu, a., hasty, careless, any-
how, thoughtless,
nkwalu, adv.^ hastily, carelessly,
with an absence of due care
and correctness.
-ankwamu, a.., continuous, constant,
frequent.
Nkwezi, 2, ;?., a relative by marriage.
Nkwezi, i & 4, ;/., an impresser, a
printer.
Nkweteso, 4, n., a grinding or gnash-
ing (of the teeth).
Nkwimu, 4, n., a blaze.
Nkw-Non
( 892 ;
Nkwiya (4) walembi velela, «., an
unclean spirit.
Nlaka (4) a ntinu, n.^ power to run ;
batezanisi nlaka a ntinu,
they raced together, i.e. com-
pared each other's running
powers,
nlaka (4) a kwenda, n., power to
go, the distance which can be
traversed ; teza nlaka aku
a kwenda, see how far you can
go-
Nlakazi, 4, «., a creeping (orchida-
ceous ?) plant having a small
blue flower ; it is very tenacious
of life.
Nlaku, 4, n., a great liking ffor), a
taste ; nlaku ke usaki, do
not let your liking carry you
too far, use without abusing.
Nlalanza, 4, «• (P. laranja), orange
tree.
Nlanda, 4, «,, an unhealthy season
(for people or cattle).
The season of the heavy rains is
very fatal to pigs, the short dry
season for goats.
Nlandu, 4, «., the taking no notice
(of a call, threat, violence,
annoyance, persecution, pain),
stoicism, forbearance, long-
suffering (z>2 the above sense).
Nlanzi, 4, n., a tatter.
-anlanzi-nlanzi, a., in rags & tatters.
Nlaya, 4, n., cloth of very fine tissue,
linen, silk, &c.
-anlaya, «., very fine (of fibres &
threads).
Nlaza, 4, n. (Bako.)=ndaza, A pp.
NlebO, 4, n., persuasiveness.
-anlebo, a., persuasive.
Nlekoko a moyo (3) or ntima (4), n.,
earnest desire, longing (fr. le-
koka, to burn fiercely).
Nlekoko (4) a moyo (3) or ntima (4),
n., the absence of all impatience,
patience, peace (fr. l^koka, to
be released).
Nlela-nlela, 4, n., a plain, a level
place.
Nlembami, i, ?;., one who is gentle,
meek.
Nlenda, sin^. 4, «., hair growing on
the chest.
Nlendi, 4, «., a rich man ; also a
euphemism for a corpse because
of the ostentation of wealth at
a funeral.
Nlevo, 4, ;/., abuse.
Nlolo, 4, «., a line, row, a sentence.
Nlomba, 4, ^., a small plant, as a male
papaw, &c., a tree which does
not bear fruit on account of
sterility or sex.
Nlongi, 4, «., teaching, doctrine.
nlongo, <:^;{/'.=mpasi {co7if), App.
Nlongoki, i & 4, n.., a pupil, disciple.
Nlualua, 4, «., an ambassador.
Nluku, 4, n.^ a family name derived
from some ancestor or rela-
tive.
Nlula, 4, ?/., anger, rage, bitterness.
nlula, adv.^ in an angry mood ;
wele nlula, he went away
in an angry mood.
Nlulu, 4, 71. (Bako.), a small fish.
Nlungi, I & 4, ??., a keeper.
Nlungu, 4, «., completion, fulfilment,
arrival at its zenith (astron.).
NlungU-lungU, 4, n., prodigality,
squandering, wasteful, ruinous
generosity.
ngangu za nlungu-lungu, a cun-
ning which fails to enable its
possessor to keep his property,
a foolish, false cunning which
fails entirely in its purpose.
Nokwa, 7/./., to menstruate {a euphe-
mism).
Nona, 6, n., example, instance, lesson
(warning).
bonga e nona, v., take as an ex-
ample, take for instance.
sia e nona, to give an example.
Nonga-nonga, 6, «., pattern, standard
of comparison, gauge, exact re-
semblance.
-anonga-nonga, ^., exact, strict, cor-
rect.
e nonga-nonga, adv., true to scale
(893 )
NON-NSA
fonga-nonga, continued.
or gauge, exactly the same, in
exactly the same way as.
8ia...e nonganonga, v., make a
comparison with..., set... as a
gauge ; utusidi nti wau e
nonga-nonga, he gave us this
stick as the gauge.
Tote, 2, n. (P. norte), the north.
Nsa, 4, «. + Church, company of the
followers of Christ.
Nsa, 2, n. (Bako.), acidity, tartness, an
acid sourness.
Nsadidila, 2, //., remainder.
Nsafu, 4, «., uncleanness, foulness,
defilement, pollution, obscenity.
-ansafu, «., unclean, foul, defiled,
polluted, obscene.
Nsakabadi, 4, n.^ tamarind tree.
Nsakabadi, 2, «., tamarind fruit.
Nsaki, 2, ;?., cassava leaves, hence also
a dish prepared from them.
Nsakila, 4, ;/., an alarm cry, an alarm
=mbwabwa, p. 345.
ta nsakila, v., to raise an alarm.
Nsakila, pi. 2, n.^ junior, youngest ;
-^ the plural is used even when
one person is spoken of; oyandi
mpe nsakila zame, he, too,
is my junior.
Nsala (2) a siwa meso {pi. 7), «., eye-
service.
Nsalafu, 2, n. (Bako.), driver ants.
Nsalu, 4, «., harvest.
nsungi a nsalu, n.^ harvest-time.
Nsamba-samba, 2, «,, a mane.
Nsambu, pi. 2, «., grace (imparted).
nkwa nsambu, one who is blessed,
fortunate.
vana e nsambu, v., to bless, give
a blessing.
Nsambu, 2, «., the ends of a piece of
cloth, the corners of handker-
chief or sheet.
Nsambuki, i, «., one who is blessed,
the Blessed One.
Nsampa, 4, «. (Bako.), a house for
shelter built near the woods by
a palm-wine tapster, a shelter,
booth.
Nsampu,2,;/ , appearance, apparition ;
untwasa mbazi mene yanta-
la e nsampu, bring him to-mor-
row, that I may see 'what he is
like.
Nsanga, 2, «., a brother or sister of
the opposite sex only., i.e. a
brother uses it of a sister ^
vice-versd.
Nsangalavwa, 4, «., a cane-like plant,
used in native medicine.
nua nsangalavwa a ungudi, to
drink a concoction of nsanga-
lavwa, which is supposed to
tame & civilize those who drink
it, that no misunderstandings
may occur between those who
drink it together, hetice to con-
tract an alliance.
nwika nsangalavwa, to make
peace, to reconcile, i.e. to cause
two or more enemies to drink
the draught which seals their
peace.
Nsangu, 4, «., the noise (drumming,
singing, & shouting) at an in-
cantation.
Nsangu, 4, «•> a mixture.
Nsangu, 2, «., in the sing.., a report,
information, account, history ;
in the pi.., news, intelligence ; e
nsangu andi, the report of him.
nsangu (2) zankambwa, «., second-
hand news.
e nsangu-nsangu, adv.
e nkiti-nkiti nsangu-nsangu, safe
& sound.
Nsangunia, 4, n.., triumph, exultation
{see sanga).
Nsansi, 4, n., a fit (of any kind).
Nsansumuna, 2, «., explanation.
Nsanu, 2, n. (Bako.), the loofa, a wild
cucumber.
Nsanza, 2, n.., the mouth of a trumpet,
funnel or bell or any enlarge-
ment at the end of a cylinder.
Nsasa,//. 2, «., dung (of birds).
Nsauka, 2, «. + a voyage (by ship).
Nsavu, 4, w., an excess, superfluity,
super-abundance, hence lavish
NSA-NSI
( 894
Nsavu, continued.
generosity or expenditure, pro-
digality ; also disparagement,
dishonour, disesteem, light es-
timation.
nsavTl a vwa, a superabundance
of goods.
-ansavu, a.^ disparaging, dishonour-
ing.
Nsaya, 2, «., a plantation prepared
but not yet planted.
Nse, 2, n.^ raw condition.
e nse, adv.^ without previously cook-
ing, raw.
Nselwa, 4, «., a netted sling in which
a calabash is carried.
Nsema, 4, «., the whole creation, all
creatures.
Nsema, 2, «., the creating, creation.
Nsemi, i & 4, a maker of images,
a sculptor, &c. ; see sema,
App.
Nsende, 2 & 11, \
Nseiide-iise]ide,2,J *' t^ » •
Nsendo, 4, «., recompense, reward,
payment.
Nsendomona, 2, «., a sarcastic man-
ner.
vova e nsendomona, v., to speak
sarcastically.
Nsengi, 2, ;/., a spy, scout, explorer,
inspector, surveyor.
NsengO, 4, «., an explanation as to
how something comes to be ;
see mpitn-ye-nsengo, App.
Nsenzele, 4, /«., rock, a stratum of
rock {not a boulder)^ a rocky
place, the out-crop of rock.
-ansevi, a,
+meno (7) mansevi, front teeth
(///. smihng teeth, i.e. the teeth
which appear when one smiles).
Nsi, 2, -i the last cup of
Nsi,^/. 2 (Bako,),) wine in a cala-
bash.
-ansi, a., earthly.
nsi or nsi-nsi, with the locatives,
the inmost, lowest.
kunansi or munansi-nsi (&c.)
a ntima (4), in the inmost
Nsi, contiiiued.
heart, in the bottom of one's
heart.
nsi (2) ntima (4), the heart's
desire, earnest desire or wish ;
-a nsi a ntima, of the heart,
the heart's best, the beloved,
darling ; mwana ame a nsi a
ntima, the child of my heart,
my darhng child.
Nsi-mote, a name given to a son born
after many children or relatives
have died ; see mwingi (fwa-
mwingi), App.
Nsiamu, 2, «., accent.
Nsiau, 4, «., a very soft, immature
root of manioc.
Nsidikwa, 2, n.., a foundation, base,
that which renders secure ; the
fetish which gives security to a
town.
Nsiekolo, 4, n. (Bako.), threshold.
Nsienene, 2, «., severe diarrhoea, also
a tuber possessing a highly
cathartic principle.
Nsiesie, 2, «., a small round reed.
Nsiesie, 2, n. (Bako.), a gazelle-Hke
antelope.
Nsikinwa, 2, ??., a hassock, foot or
knee rest, a small cushion or
pad to support the leg when
squatting.
Nsikulwa, 2, n. (Bako.)=mwekwa,
App.
Nsilu, 4, «., end, termination, ter-
minal point, boundary, limit,
farthest point, extremity, con-
clusion ; e nza yayi nsilu
weyi? where is the uttermost
bound of the earth ?
Nsilu, 2, n.^ a foundation, base, some-
thing very firm & secure.
Nsimba-lusangu, 2, «., native bro-
caded velvet of palm frond
fibre, as woven now on the
Upper Kasai.
Nsimbinini, 2, n., an axle-tree.
Nsimbininu, 2, «., a stay, fastener,
ligament.
Nsindu, 4, «., immobility, lethargy.
( 895 )
Nsi-Nso
dndulu, 2, n. (Bako.), stone or
pebble used in cracking nuts or
crushing pepper, arachis, &c.
nsingamu (4), adv., straight on,
over, &c.
Nsingingi, 4, «., straightness.
-ansingingi, a., straight.
e nsingingi, adv., upright, erectly.
Nsingu (2) a nzi (2), n., a crack in the
skin bet^veen the fingers or toes.
Nsinini, 4, //., straightness.
-ansinini, a., straight.
Nsinsi, 2, n., dead weight, weight,
heaviness.
ezitu = comparative heaviness ;
nsinsi = actual weight, whether
great or little.
Nsinzi, 2, «., that which imparts hard-
ness to water, hardness of
water.
-ansinzi, a., hard of water.
maza mansinzi, hard water.
Nsioni, 4, the quality of being long &
thin.
-ansioni, a., tall & thin, long thin, as
a tall, thin tree, a shaft, &c.
Nsisi, 2, n., horror (both of fear &
disgust), terror,
-ansisi, a., horrible, horrid, terrible.
Nsita,j«>/. 2, «.+exceeding greatness,
excessiveness, superlative char-
acter, hence the rage & malice
which comes through an exag-
gerated sense of the wrong done
to one, or the earnestness of de-
sire after that which is superla-
tively desirable J it may there-
fore be good as well as bad, ^ be
regarded as the equivalent of
malice or zeal, according as the
intense emotioft be evil or good.
-ansita, (a:.+exceeding, excessive,
superlative ; zenza kwansita,
exceedingly sweet.
Nsivu-sivu, 2, n., a crack in the lips.
Nsiya, 2, «., a wooden whistle.
Nsobani, 2, «., a mutual exchange,
e nsobani (2), adv., in exchange.
Nsobwa(2) a ezina(8),«., the changing
of the name. When it becomes
Nsobwa, continued.
necessary to exchange another
woman in the place of some
other woman betrothed, or a de-
ceased wife, a present is given
to the husband on " the chang-
ing of the name."
Nsodia, 2, n., a beak.
Nsodiodio, 2, n., a few remaining, a
remnant (after the greater part
has gone away).
-ansoka, a., made up, invented, not
real and true.
Nsoki (4) a mbwanzi (2), n., a care-
less, thoughtless action, which
involves great loss. A fly can-
not eat a whole carcase, but
settles on it for a moment, &
the whole soon decomposes.
-ansokela, a., play, chaffing.
nkumbu (2) ansokela, a nickname.
Nsola, 2, n., the clearing away of
forest or woods (not jungle), to
make a farm (esole).
Nsola, sing. 2, n., the felled wood cut
to make a farm, as above.
Nsolokoto, 2, n., two plants bearing
small seed capsules covered
with barbed thornlets, which
adhere to any clothing material.
Nsombo, 2, n., that which is obtained
by sombola, which see, App.
Nsomo, 2, n., a skewer.
-ansompa, a., borrowed, hired.
Nsompani, 2, n., marriage, a marry-
ing.
Nsomvi, 4, «.-j-an eel. The eel is
supposed to have a small stom-
ach, easily filled ; hence, nkwa
(i) ntima (4) a kimfi kia
nsomvi, one who is quick to
anger.
Nsondi, 2, n. (Bako.), tantalization.
tela nsondi, v., to tantalize.
Nsonga, 2, n., a being proper, correct-
ness of behaviour.
Nsongelo, 2, «., means (letters, &c.) of
showing introduction, evidence.
Nsongi (2) a diambu (7), «.,the plain-
tiff or defendant (in a case) ; i.e.
Nso-Nsu
( 896
Nsongi, C07ttimied.
either of the parties who have
their respective cases to show,
nsongi (2) a nzila (2), «.4-the fore-
most man in a caravan.
kuna nsongi a nzila, to the front
place.
Nsongi, 2, ;?., uprightness, righteous-
ness of conduct, seemHness,
comeliness, propriety.
-ansongi, a.^ comely, befittipg, pro-
per, right, correct.
Nsongi, 2, n. {used with the verb in
the applied form), the right (to
— ) (a—) ; kuna ya nsongi a
kotela muna nzo ame ko, you
have no right to enter my
house.
Nsongi, 2, n., the direction of (some-
thing), where (something) is or
is going to ; kuna nsongi a
evata diame kele, he is gone
in the direction of my town.
NsongO, pi. 2, n., jealousy as regards
one's husband or wife.
nganga (2) a nsongo, n.y a jealous
husband or wife.
-ansongo, a., jealous.
Nsonsa, 4, «., the noise of work or
things being moved about, stir,
bustle, a rustling.
sia nsonsa, v., to make such a
noise.
nsonsa yo niku-niku, n., disturb-
ance, riot.
Nsonzolo, 2, n., the uninitiated, an un-
educated person, one who has
not had some special education,
a layman ; pL, the laity.
-ansonzolo, a., uninitiated, lay.
Nsonzolo, 2, /z., a single child, not a
twin.
Nsosa, 2, n., the meaning, sense.
NSOSO, 4, «., a sting, poison fangs.
Nsildia, 2, n., a small variety of gourd.
Nsuka, 2, fi.
oku nsuka, adv.^ in the end, at last,
finally.
-ansuka, a., the youngest, last (of
persons).
-a nsukami [pi. asukami), a., poor,
needy, destitute.
Nsukinina, 2, n., that which comes
afterwards, a later development,
something subsequent ; e ta-
ndu kia Mindele nsukinina,
before the time of the white
men (///. the time of the white
men was subsequent).
Nsukisilu, 2, n.y the end (of some-
thing which has a beginning &
an end, not two ends, as a
piece of stick).
Nsuku, 2, n. (Bako.), stocks, fetters.
Nsukulu (4) a menga {pi. 7), n., the
washing of the blood.
When a ntekolo {see App.) is give?!
as a wife in exchange for sojhc
other fetnale member of the
family, lest she should be treated
or counted as a slave, some
prese?tt is given to the husband
to " wash her blood," i.e. to
make her as a full member of
the family, and take out the
slave element.
Nsumbi, ) 2, n., timidity,
Nsumbi-nsumbi, S anxiety, appre-
hensiveness.
yela e nsumbi, v., to be anxious,
apprehensive.
Nsumba-ndudi, 2, n. (Bako.), the gall
bladder.
Nsumi, 4, n.
nzenza okakanga e nua mia
nsumi (Proverb), lit. a stranger,
who as such has no special
busijtess, stopping the holes of
nsumi ants=\d\Q talk, the oc-
cupation of the unoccupied.
Nsunda, 2, n., the excelling.
Nsundidi, 2, «., surpassing character,
greatness (comparative), excess,
victory.
Nsundungulu, 4, n., something hav-
ing no base to stand upon.
-ansungi, a.
yaka (6) kiansungi, n., a partition.
Nsunungina, 2, n., the barest vestige,
the least little bit ; e nzevo
(897 )
Nsu-Nta
I
Nsunungina, continued.
zozo? nsunungina zina! that
a beard ? there is just a trace
of one.
Nsunungu, 2, «. + the nerve of a
tooth.
Nsusidi, 2, w., a shrinking, hesitancy,
mona.-.e nsusidi, v., to shrink
from, hesitate to.
Nsute, 2, n. -^ a hyperaemic
Nsuti, 2, 71. (Bako.),/ sweUing in-
side the nose.
-ansuva, rt. + excessive.
Nsuvidi, 2, /z.=nsundidi, App.
Nsuwa, 4, «., something for which no
place, duty or service is found.
-ansuwa, rt. + odd, extra (something)
which has not its appointed
place, service or duty.
lumbu kiansuwa, a day upon
which there is no market.
Nswa, 2, «., freshness of palm-wine.
-answa, a.^ not more than 12 hours
old (of palm-wine).
Nswa, 4, «., authority, authorization,
power, right.
Nswa, 4, n. (Bako.), sting.
Nswa-koko, sing.^ 2, «., that which
is left on one's plate after a
meal.
e nswalala, adv., unadvisedly, with-
out due consideration, unin-
tentionally, rashly.
Nswangani, 2, «., alternation, alter-
nate arrangement.
e nswangani, adv., alternately, with
one of one kind and one of
another, odd of numbers.
Nswangu, 4, n., a mixture, a foreign
element brought in, an addition
of a very different character.
Nswaswani, 2, n., difference, lack of
resemblance.
Nswatakesa, 2, n., rashness, head-
long thoughtlessness, reckless-
ness.
Nswatata, 4, n., a long oval, oblong.
Nswekelo, 4, «., a cupboard.
Nswidi, 4, n. (Bako.), a young bird.
swiku, 4, «.+a wrinkle.
Ntabala, 4, «., a swamp, marsh,
muddy place.
Ntala, pi. 2, «., persistence, impor-
tunity.
sia e ntala, v., to be persistent,
importunate.
ntalala (4) yo ntuluzu (4), adv.,
wriggling along on the buttocks
(as a baby who cannot crawl) ;
see tuluza, App.
Ntalu (4) a sunga (6), n., the out-
come, resultofatestof character.
Ntambuki, i & 4, «., a favourite, pet,
most favoured wife or child,
one specially loved,
-antambukijrt., favourite, best loved.
Ntanda, 4, n., india-rubber.
Ntanda, 4, «., a jigger which has
penetrated beneath the skin.
From the above becaicse the
native traders brought back
jiggers from the coast.
Ntanda-ndembo, 4, n., the great
square of a town, the palaver,
place.
Ntangu, 2, ;/., an emigrant, one who
lives in a town or country other
than that in which he was born,
a foreigner, stranger.
Ntangwa, 2, n.
-a nkangu a ntangwa, see nka-
ngu, App.
ina ntangwa kina vo or kinana
VO, the real reason is.
Ntantabadi, 2, n., a persecutor,
one who persistently annoys,
troubles.
Ntatu, a., secy. cl. i, 3 & 4, three,
ntatu, 4, n., (a) three (of persons or
living creatures only).
Ntaudi, 2, n.-\-z. servant, slave.
ntayi (4), adv.
wanda ntayi, v., to pat or strike
playfully (as a pat on the shoul-
der after a hearty laugh).
e ntayi (2), adv.
zinga e ntayi, v., to stand side by
side holding each other, each
having the arm or hand round
the other's neck.
3M
Nte- Nti
Ntekela, a man's name, implying that
now that he is born the family
which had become diminished
will soon increase.
Ntekolo, I, 72, + the children of slaves
of the household are considered
almost as children of the family^
and are called atekelo, grand-
children.
-antela, ^., long, tall.
ngongo (2) antela, n., Calabar
bean.
Ntela, 2, n.^ a deposit paid into court
before a case is decided, a bet,
a wager.
Nteleki, i & 4, n., a herald, preacher.
Nteleko, 2, «., a proclamation, that
which is proclaimed or preach-
ed, a solemn declaration.
Ntema, 2, n., rage & fury.
Ntembe, 1 1 & 2, «., a layer of thatch.
Ntembelela, 2, n., a shaking, quaking,
swaying.
Ntembelela, 2, n., a small field of
cassava.
Ntemo, 4, n., bright shining light, a
good clear light {not the thing
which causes the light, but the
light resulta?tt).
-antemo, a., bright, giving light.
e ntendela, adv., retail by linear or
, superficial measurement.
Ntendo (4) a ntima (4), n., perfect
frankness, sincerity, honesty &
truthfulness in a declaration or
conversation, a straightforward
demonstration of innocence.
e ntentela, adv. -f without catching
hold.
nata e ntentela, v., to carry on the
head without holding,
mungwa vana ntu angani, nte-
ntela (Proverb), a load of salt
on another's head is easily
carried, i.e. other people's bur-
dens cause us no suffering.
Ntete.
vana or kuna ntete, adv., at first.
e ntete-ntete, adv.^ first, in the first
place.
Ntetebeswa, 2, «., the "touch" or
trigger of a trap.
Ntetedi, 4, n., a butcher.
To call any one ntetedi a ngulu
would make him very vexed,
for it is not a clean and honour-
able calling which smears one
with pig's blood.
Ntetela (Bako.), see ntekela, App.
Nteva, 2, n., a basket of fan-palm
leaves.
-anti, a., wood. When the adj. is used
of many things or wood gene-
rally, so that the products of
more than one tree are con-
sidered, the adj. is really
plural ; this is seen when it
is coupled by yo to another
adj. ; lekwa yatadi ye nti,
iron & wooden things (not yo
nti).
Ntiaku-ntiaku, 4, n., dispersal in all
directions.
sia ntiaku-ntiaku, v., to drive
or scatter in all directions.
Ntiangalakani, 2, n., confusion, the
state of being scattered in all
directions.
NtiangU, 2, n., insolence, scornful
remarks, blasphemy.
Ntiangu-ntiangu, 2, n., a jilt.
Ntianguni, i, 2, & 4, n., one who is
scornfully insolent, a blasphe-
mer.
Ntima, 4, n.
ntima (4, n-) bwa, v., to be com-
posed, calm, resigned, to have
one's mind at rest.
fuwa ntima, to be disheartened,
dispirited, lose all interest.
fwilwa...o ntima, to be disheart-
ened, &c., in.
VOnda ntima, v, to dishearten,
dispirit, deprive of interest,
strength & courage.
e ntinu yo nswalu, adv., quickly.
Ntintibidi, 4, «., rigidity, stiffness.
-antintibidi, a., stiff, unbending,
rigid.
Ntiobo, 2, n. (Bako.), an infant whost
(899 )
Nti-Ntu
mother has not yet come out
of the house in which she was
confined.
Ntiongo, 2, n.^ absence of all energy
or power to say or do.
Ntiti, 4, //., notion, idea, whim.
ntiti kaka nkutu, ke bakala
wau ko, OVO — , they had not
the least idea that —
Ntoloki, 2, «., a fracture, broken
bones,
yela e ntoloki, z/., to suffer from
a fracture.
nganga (3) a ntoloki, «., a bone-
setter.
Ntomo(2)ambongo(i-/«^.2),«. ) first-
Ntomoni, 2, ;/., S fruits.
Ntona, pi. 2, ;/,, instinct, inherent
knowledge, inborn genius,
knowledge not imparted, com-
mon sense, sense, understand-
ing, conscience.
Ntondo, 4, «., thanks, esteem, com-
mendation, praise.
Ntondo, 2, «., the origin, source, com-
mencement, that which brought
it all about.
Ntongeka, 2, ?z., a parallel of longi-
tude, longitude.
-antongo, a.^ big, great (of pigs o?ily).
Ntongolozi, 2, «,, a curious, prying,
inquisitive individual who wants
to know everything.
Ntongonona, 2, «., the child who has
been brought up entirely by its
parent or foster-parent is his
ntongonona ; a foster - child ;
also a rearing thus.
Ntonto, 2, n.^ a test, proof, trial.
Ntota, 2, n.^ sum, total.
Ntotela+J^^ remark under untotela,
App.
Ntoto (4) andia, «., good ^r product-
ive soil.
Ntozi, 2, n., the leader of the refrain
in antiphonal singing, the be-
ginner.
Ntn, 4, «., head ; also chief, leading
man.
Ntu, continued.
oku se ntu, from that or this time
forward, henceforth, hencefor-
ward, for the future, from now,
after this or that,
oku se ntu, with or without i bosi,
after a while, at length, soon,
presently.
kuna ntu, adv., in position, before ;
Prep.y ahead of, in front of,
preceding ; in time, later on,
afterwards, in the future.
kwiza kuna ntu, a., to come to
...{in a dream) ; muntu wizidl
kuna ntu ame (in my dream),
a man came to me.
ntu (4) or with the locatives vana
(&c.) ntu, adv., in the front,
in front, before them (&c.).
oku nsuka a ntu, at last, at length.
kuna ntu kukwiziwa, in the end,
at last (in the future).
ntu ukula, malu mekwenda
(Proverb), utter thoughtless-
ness ; lit. head drives, the legs
go; e diambu diadi dia ntu
ukula, malu mekwenda, this
is a case of gross thoughtless-
ness ; kuna ntu ukula,
malu mekwenda, i kavovele,
he spoke without the least re-
flection as to the consequences.
Ntudi, 2, n. (Bako.), a second row of
teeth in either the upper or
lower jaw,
Ntuka, 4, n., an inequality, the lack
of a part which therefore ren-
ders useless an odd or extra
number, surplus (for which no
provision is made).
-antuka, a., unequal, odd, surplus,
excess.
dia ntuka, v., to take the odd one.
mona ntuka, to be at one's wit's
end to know how to do or ar-
range something, to be unable
to make two engagements or
purposes fit in together, to want
badly, be in great need of, be
in great difficulty for want of
Ntu-Nya
( 900 )
Ntuka, continued.
something of which a part is
lacking and is therefore useless.
Ntuku-tuku, 2, n. {generally sing.),
green sprouting grass after the
fires or mowing.
Ntula, 4= ntuka, 4 (App.).
Ntuluzi, I & 4, one who drags about,
one who treats outrageously ;
see "bunda-tuluza, App.
Ntuluzu, 4, n.., see ntalala, App.
Ntumba (4) a efuku (8), «., a dust
or rubbish heap.
Ntumpa ntumpa, 4, n., anarchy, dis-
order, lawlessness.
Ntumwa, 2, n., one sent, a messen-
ger, ambassador, apostle, mis-
sionary.
sia e ntimiwa, ?/., send a messen-
ger.
Ntunga, 2, «., a jigger.
Ntungianu, 4, n., a wanderer, one
who has gone astray, lost the
road ; also an ignorant man, a
fool.
Ntungu, 2, n. {sing, only), building
material.
Ntunguluzi, 2, «., substantial evi-
dence, something produced {or
able to be) which affords over-
whelming evidence or brings
the truth of a matter very
vividly before one.
Ntunta, 2, n., range of a weapon,
-antunta, a., of long range (in
guns).
ntuSU ('4), adv., without stopping,
without a moment's delay.
Ntuti, 4, n., a throng, crowd, a very
great number.
Ntwala, 2, «., range of a weapon.
kuna ntwala, adv., ahead.
Ntwanga, 2, n., an unscrupulous ras-
cal, one who would stick at
nothing, a scoundrel, villain,
one who can never be trusted.
Ntwedi, I & 4, «., a breeder of stock.
Ntwenia, 4, n., a very soft green corn,
-antwenia, a., very soft & green (of
corn).
Nua, 9, «., a drink, something to
drink.
Nui-mii, 6, n., thirst which seems
insatiable.
Nukuta, v.t., to smell.
Nukwa, v., to be vexed at or with ;
badi dio nnkwa, they would
have been vexed at it.
Nunga, V. (Bako.)=lunga, p. 330.
Nunguka, T/.z. + to hang down.
e vumu (6, kia-) nunguka, 2/., to
be great with child.
Nunguna mvungu (4), v.t., to give
one's support to a matter, ///.
to push on the water-bottle ;
Ntotela vo, Twe lubasa ! ya-
ndi kibeni onungwini mvu-
ngu, Ntotela said, Agreed, he
himself supported the matter,
Nungunuka, v.i.-\-X.o go on or fur-
ther, be in a progressive state,
be or become more and more,
increase in.
Nwata, v.t., to make little cuts in,
vaccinate.
nwata, v.t. (Bako.), to castrate,
geld,
-anwe, a., hearing, attentive.
Nwengena, v.t., to compel, force.
Nwengwa, v.i., to be obliged, forced,
to have to.
-anwodi, a., rotting, decomposing,
becoming corrupt, corruptible,
perishing.
Nwole, 4, n., a couple, two {of per-
sons or living creatures only).
Nwondoko (4) a tulu {pi. 10), «., a
falling asleep.
Nwuku, 4, n., the healing.
Nwutuki, I & 4, n., offspring.
Nya, inter]., a habit of continual dis-
agreement to what is suggested
by another, crookednes of dis-
position ; yau ewole nya
nkutu, they both disagree
about everything {lit. they
both have the habit of "nya"
or disagreeing with each other's
proposals).
Nyakami, i & 4, n., busybody.
( 90I )
Nya-Nze
Nyaku, 4, «., the aid rendered to an
enterprise, the choral answer
in antiphonal song.
Nyakuludi, i & 4, «.=ngyakii, App.
nyambi (4), adv.^ not in charge of
any one, having no one left or
appointed to the care of it.
Nyanzi, i, ?/., a Muyansi ; hence^ a
person from the Upper River,
because all Upper River people
are so called by the Kongos^ who
only know this nearest Upper
River tribe.
Nyatiku, 4* «•» the beginning, com-
mencement.
Nyazi, i & 4, «., a ruler, governor.
Nyenge-yenge, 4> «•, the habit of
doing what one sees others
do, so that one may be like
them, and not singular or be-
hind the times ; also the idea
that one can do anything that
he sees another do, presump-
tion ; also wilfulness, the de-
termination to do what one
likes.
-anyevi, «., stout.
Nyidimu, 4? ^-j a grumbling, mut-
tering.
Nyindu, 4, «., the power of thought,
ability to think, reasoning
power, intellect, intelligence,
the mind.
Nyini, 4, n. (Bako.), the handle of a
knife.
-anyututn, a., (a garment) reaching
to the feet.
-anyuyi, a., fiercely burning.
Nza, 2, n.
dia e nza, to have all that heart
could wish, to have all one's
desires fulfilled.
Nzadilwa, 4, «.+a railway sleeper.
Nzakama (2) a ntoto (4), n., an earth-
quake.
Nzala, 2, n., hunger.
zika ye nzala or vilwa e nzala, v.,
to be hungry, starve.
nzala (2) a fiwonga, n., eagerness
& yet fear ; oku i nzala a flwo-
Nzala, continued.
nga fia kwenda, there was
eagerness to go and at the same
time fear.
Nzala, 2, w., a being full.
Nzalala, 4, ?/., hurry, precipitancy.
nzalala, adv., very quickly, in
a very great hurry.
Nzambi, i & 2, n.
e Nzambi kadi—, would to God
that — , please God that —
-a Nzambi, belonging to God, not
of any use to us mortals ; titi
ya Nzambi, mere jungle ; ma
kia Nzambi, a useless thing.
Nzambu, 2, «.-f-the toll for passing
over a bridge, passage money
for a ferry or canoe trip, pay
for a performance.
Nzanda, 4, «., a small demijohn.
Nzangalavwa, pi. 2, n., the twigs &
small wood in a tree or bush.
Nzangi, 2, «., a class of men, a class
of society.
nzangi a tandu (6), a generation,
those of an epoch or era.
Nzangn, 2, n.-^z. louder outburst of
song, forte (in music).
Nzanza, 2, w., an even number.
-anzanza, «., even (of numbers).
Nzau, 2, «., a cluster of small white
mushrooms.
Nzayi (i) a mambu {pi. 7), n., a
learned or well-informed man.
Nzaza, 2, «., a sprinkling.
Nzekani, 2, n., striving in dispute,
wordy war, disputation, love of
dispute, strife.
Nzengele, 2, ;z., the sense of com-
fort, content, satisfaction after
a good meal.
Nzengelevwa, 4, n., a foolish fellow,
one who has done something
foolish ; also a lazy, loafing,
slovenly fellow, a loafer.
Nzengenga, 2, ;z,, utter regardlessness
of the value, importance or
sacredness (of things), pro-
fanity, utter disrespect ; see
zengeneka, App.
NzE-Nzu
( 902 )
Nzengo, 2, n.^ a sentence, judgment,
decision in a law court or in
one's own mind, opinion, a price
agreed upon, contract price.
sia or zenga e nzengo, ■z/., to give
sentence.
Nzenza, 2, «.+ Gentile.
Nzenzo, 4, «., sweetness (as of sugar).
-anzenzo, sweet.
Nzeta, 2, n. (P. azeite ; see zetona,
App.), palm oil.
Nzia-zia, 4, «., a path, track, road.
-anzie, adj.
fianzie nga, very nearly ; fianzie
nga elonga diwudikidi, the
plate was very nearly broken.
Nzieta, ) 4, «., the dizziness of drunk-
Nziezie, ) enness, &c., vertigo, a
whirl ; also some great busi-
ness in hand or engagement
which prevents attention to any
other matters ; business, affairs,
occupation, engagement, pres-
sure of business, bewilderment.
kala yo nziezie or nzieta, z/., to
be busy, have other affairs, be
engaged, occupied, busy, be-
wildered, in a whirl ; nziezie
wingi ngina wau, I am very
busy.
Nzikudi, 2, n., one who is full grown
or has completed his studies,
apprenticeship, &c. ; see zikula,
App.
Nzila, 4, «. + a stripe, lash, weal.
Nzila, 2, «,, a way ;-f an opportu-
nity, chance.
sila e nzila, 7/., make a way for, give
an opportunity, give a chance,
give scope.
nzila a tadi (12), n.^ a railroad.
Nzimba, 2, n., a woman who has
ceased bearing or who has
never borne a child, although
long married ; used also of a
man or animal in like con-
dition, a castrated animal, a
eunuch.
Nzimbakani, 2, n., the parent stock,
common stock, that which in-
Nzimbakani, continued.
eluded all others, and from
which all have sprung, the
whole race.
nzimbakani a uwnntu, the whole
human race.
Nzimbu, 2, «. + currency.
Nzinga, 4, «., an angle, corner.
Nzinguluka, 2, «., the surroundings,
environment.
muna nzinguluka 2^^ prep., around,
round about.
Nzitikila, 2, «., a betrothed (used
only of the girl).
Nzitikila, 2, ;z., an engagement gift,
either of betrothal or the hire
of labourers.
Nziu, 2, n., excessive blackness, in-
tensity of colour, in black, blue
(dark), very deep purple.
Nzo (2) ezulu, n., a tower.
Nzoko-zoko, 4, n.^ talkativeness, gar-
rulosity ; or attention, willing-
ness to hear, receptivity.
-anzoko-zoko, a.,
matu {pi. 8) manzoko-zoko wa
(9) kwanzoko-zoko, ready ears ;
hstening, attentive, receptive
ears.
mpova (2) anzoko-zoko, or vova
kwanzoko-zoko, endless talk,
talkativeness.
Nzola, 2, «. + wish, desire.
Nzole, 4, «., a couple, two (of persons
or living creatures only).
Nzolwa, I, «., the beloved.
Nzombo, 2, ;/., a siluroid fish, mud
fish (.?)
e nzongela (2), adv.., retail (dry mea-
sure goods).
Nzonzanga, 2, «., a lycopodium fern.
Nzonzi, 2, n. (Bako.), a mediator in a
quarrel, an advocate.
Nzu, 2, n.., weight, heaviness.
kala e nzu yo tulu, v.., to be heavy
with sleep.
Nzuka, 2, «., the payment at interest.
Nzula, 4, n.
bwa e nzula, 7/., to kneel 3 times in
approaching the king.
( 903 )
Nzu-Pal
fzumbimbi, 4, «., the feeling of ner-
vousness, timidity & awkward-
ness in a strange house or
under strange circumstances ;
sec zumbalala, App.
rzungu, 4, ;/.-fa being out of the
straight.
nzungu, adv.^ ) curved, bent, as-
-anzungu, a.^ ^ kew, out of the
straight.
Nzuwa, 4, «., the consciousness of
need of something which is
lacking or missing.
mona nzuwa, 7/., to want badly,
miss very much, be in great
need of, to be in great difficul-
ties for want of.
Nzwenge, 2, n., wire.
Oku, see under k.
Olodi, 2, n. (P. ordem), authority,
power to command ; kwina
olodi yo zitu ko, you have
no power to command or re-
spect.
Onis, 2, «., onyx.
Ovo, see under v.
Owu, see under w.
Ozevo se, adv.^ used with the present
tense before the statement of
so7nething which was just being
done, then, just ; ozevo se be-
dianga, they were just eating
at the time ; ozevo se fuku, it
was then night ; ozevo se twe-
ndi kweto, let us go then.
Pa, 6, n., pattern, device, design.
Padi-padi, 6, n. {generally pi \ two or
more sticks fastened on each
side of a porter's load to stiffen
it.
Padisa, v.t.^ to cause to kick or knock
anything along.
Padisa, v.t., to cause another to make
a counter move or act in oppo-
sition ; see palana, App.
Pakala, 6, «., something which flaps
on the ground as a skirt or
boots when one walks.
Pakalala, 7/./., to be turned attentively
(of the ears).
-apakalala, /., great protruding (of
ears).
Pakama, t/.z., to be hemmed up,
driven into a corner, cornered.
Pakidika matu (9), n., to turn the
ears (as a horse), so as to hear
well, to turn an attentive ear.
Pakika, v.t., to hem or drive into a
corner, to corner.
Pakumuna matu {pi. 9), v., to
shake the head violently, so as
to flap & rattle the ears on the
head, as goats ^ dogs often do
when anything gets into them,
hence to refuse to pay attention
to what is heard, i.e. eject it
from the ears.
Pala, v.t., to knock or kick anything
along.
pala e kinsi (5), to kick.
pala {with an object, food, Sr^c), to
vomit.
Pala, v.i., to grow, get, be, become
thin, lean, emaciated, to waste
(as in sickness).
Palana, v.i. recip., to meet every ad-
vance, action, &c., of another
party with a like or counter
move, to be always contrary &
ready to oppose each other, to
be always at " loggerheads."
palana yo, to adopt the above atti-
tude with ('any one).
Palanisa, v.t., to set people in the
above attitude, to make a move
oneself & so set some one else
on the look out to do the like ;
nengandi opalanisanga aka
ngwa audi ankazi, so & so is
always upsetting his uncle.
Pal-Sa
( 904 )
Palata, 2, n. (P. prata)+a piece of
silver money.
Pamba, 6, «., a short loin cloth hav-
ing a fringe on its lower edge.
Pamuka, v.t., to fly.
Pangalakesa, v.f., to spoil, destroy or
undo what has already been
built, done, arranged, accom-
plished ; to nullify.
Pata, v.t., to be delighted (because of
some great acquisition),
Patika, v.t., to extinguish, put out.
Pe, adv., no.
e peka (6), adv., thoroughly, clearly,
distinctly, with full knowledge.
samuna e peka, v., to relate fully,
thoroughly explain, tell all
about.
tala e peka, v., to see clearly, dis-
tinctly.
Pekomoka, v.i., to rush & bluster (as
the wind), to blow, to rush by
rapidly, whirl along.
Pela, v.t., to seduce away the wife of
another man to make him pay
a debt or as a set-ofF against
the debt ; this by consent also
of the woman's friends ; see
also -ampela, App.
Pela (Bako.), T'.A^bimba, App.
Pelezo, 2, n. (P. preso or prisao),
prison.
Pem'oka, v.L, to go up, be wafted up
or far away (into the sky or
distance) & so disappear.
Pemona, v.t., to waft up or far away.
Perle, 2, n., pearl.
Pialuzioka, v.i., to be popping about
everywhere, excited with plea-
sure.
Piantula, v.t., to devour, eat up
greedily.
Pita, v.t., tie securely, make fast (by
tying).
Pitakesa, v.t., to put things to a
wrong, unnatural use {use a
chisel as a screwdriver), misuse,
abuse.
Pitakiana, 1 v.i. -f to be in great com-
Pitana,
motion, movement.
Pita-pita, pi. 6, n., a commotion, rush-
ing about.
Pode ! iJiterj. (P, pobre), poor thing !
-apoto, a. (Solongo), great, large, big.
Pukidi-matu, 6, n., one who is deaf
to all arguments, &c.
Pukuka, v.i., to become pale, fade,
lose colour ; see pemoka.
Pukuta, v.i., to sigh, whistle (as the
wind among the branches of
the trees), rustle (as the leaves).
Pukutiswa, v.i,, to rustle in the wind,
Pumuna, 2/./".= pemona, App.
Pupu, 6, n.
matu {pi. 9) mandi pupu ya wa,
his ears are of no use, he will
not hear {lit. his ears are flaps
of skin only, & as such of no
service for hearing).
Pupulu, 6, n., one who is deaf to all
arguments, &c.
Puta, v.t., to eat, take too or very
much.
Pututa, v.t., take much, abundantly,
live in luxury, to expend
lavishly, to eat or live most
luxuriously.
Pwa-meso, 6, n., that which is plain
& evident before one, an ex-
ample, instance, case in point,
sample, pattern, typical speci-
men.
e pwa-meso, adv., clearly, distinctly,
with (the thing) clearly evi-
denced, face to face.
S,
Sa, aux. v., implies that the actio7i
will be do7ie some time or other,
sooner or later, to ... soon or
presently ; tusa kwenda, we
shall go all in due course,
Sa {pei'f. sidi), aux. v., found in the
pres., perf. &^ past teftses, it is
only used in a negative state'
ment, to which it adds some
( 905 )
Sa-Sam
Sa, continued.
measure of an emphasis or deji-
niteness, to take care not to.
The negative particles are al-
ways used, for sa does not con-
vey in itself any negative idea
{as is the case with lembwa) ; ke
Ibasa wo samunwina mimtu
ko, they took care not to men-
tion it to any one. There is no
idea of taking care in it, but
that phrase conveniently ex-
presses the emphasis.
Sa, v.t. (Bako.) = sia, a?td is much used
in the same way as ta ; eg. sa
ngozi, to snore.
Sal)i-sabi, ) adv. + x\ot a bit of it,
Sabi-sabi tu,
I would not hear of
such a thing.
Sadidila, v.i., to be left behind by
mistake.
Sadika, v.t., to make, do, work.
nki osadikanga e? what are you
making 1
S&dila, v.i., to be left empty.
Sfi.disa, v.t., to leave or make empty.
Safire, 2, «., sapphire.
Safuka, v.i., to be defiled, polluted,
foul, unclean.
Safula, v.t., to defile, pollute, foul,
render unclean,
SS,ka, v.t., to make a cut at (with a
large knife).
Saka, v.i., to increase, be or become
still greater, too great ; wo-
nga usakidi, he was all the
more or still more afraid.
Sakala-sakala, pi. 6, «., go, energy,
life.
Sakesa, 6, «., a plaything, something
that may be played or trifled
with.
kitula e sakesa, v., to make a play-
thing of, to trifle with ; baki-
twidi e Ntotela e sakesa, they
trifled with the king (taking his
name in vain, & using it lightly).
Sakidila, v.t.-\-\.o welcome gladly.
Sakisa, v., to put, give, take, do too
much.
Sakiswa e kiese (6) {or makasi (8),
v., &c.), to be full of joy {or
anger, &c.).
Saku, 6, n.-\- after the ground-nut har-
vest the nuts are dried in the
sun in a saku, i.e. an enclosure
in the town which is generally
lined with grass, to hide «& pre-
serve it from fowls & animals.
Sakuba, 6, n., a stumbling-block,
something which causes to
stumble.
Sakula, 7/./. -mo speak (of a great chief
only), hence, to prophesy, i.e. to
speak as the mouthpiece of
God.
Sakumuka, v.i., to be refreshed, &c. ;
see sakumuna, below.
moyo (4, U-) sakumuka, to be re-
freshed in mind.
nitu (2, i-) sakumuka, to be re-
freshed in body.
Sakumuna, v.t., to revive, restore to
(wonted) vigour, to place under
the most favourable, prosperous,
flourishing circumstances, to
bless (as God blesses, not to
invoke a blessing).
Salama, vd., to be made, done.
Salamesa, vJ., to make, do.
Salamesa, 6, fi., something, the name
of which you do not wish to
mention.
Salamiana, vd., to work quickly
briskly.
Salangani, ( 6, «., all one's property,
Salanganu, \ goods, effects, things.
Salazi, 2, n. (P. sarge) + red braid or
ribbon.
Saluka {^nid. v. of sala, vd.), to be
done, wrought.
Salumuka, ?7.z.=walumuka, p. 459-
Sama {perf samini), vd., to be always
...ing, keep on ...ing, be con-
stantly ...ing, with the negative,
not any more ; kisama mo-
nanga kwame aka mpasi za
kondanga aka ko, I do not
want to endure the hardships
of hunting any more.
Sam-Sel
( 906 )
Samba, v.t, to count sheets of mbadi
or paper by holding fast one
corner & turn up at one of the
other corners.
Sambidilwa, 6, n., something by
which to mount.
Sambuka, vA.^ to be happy, blessed,
fortunate, to be the recipient of
nsambu.
Sambukila, v.L-\-\.o be transmitted
from one to another, to have
transmitted to one.
Sambula, v.t., to use a thing for the
first time.
Sambula, v.t.^ to bless, to utter, invoke
or pronounce a blessing, to
salute with a blessing, hence,
the salutation, tusambwidi,
we bless you.
Samo, 2 (Fr. chameau), «., a camel.
Samuna, v.t., to uncork.
Samuna,
e kisamuna zaya vo or sia vo
or VOVa or vo, as follows,
thus, that.
Samwina, v.t., to tell to, say, declare
or report to, to bid, direct.
Sanda, v. (Zombo), to seek, search,
look for, want, wish for, need ;
nga nsanda, nga nsanda kiau
kimoni, search as I might I
cannot find it.
Sandulula, v.t., examine, make an
examination.
Sangi, 12, n., unity (all intermixed).
sangi, adv., all together, unitedly,
together.
-asangi, a., joint.
Sangila,t/./'., to treat insolently, shame-
fully, without the least respect
or feeling.
Sanisa, v.t., to be always talking
about (favourably), praise, com-
mend.
Saniswa, v.i., to be praised by all, in
every one's mouth (favourably).
Sansa, 1/. A + educate.
Sanuka, v., to be very hot (of the sun,
&c.).
Sanzana, ?/./. + to spread out, expand,
Sanzana, continued.
widen, to be scattered far &
wide or spread out in great
numbers, be published abroad.
Sanzanisa, v.t., to' spread abroad,
publish widely, declare abroad.
Sapalala, v.i., to be shaggy, hang
ragged (of the hair).
Sard, 2, n., sard.
Sardonis, 2, n , sardonyx,
Sasa, 6, n., a coil (of ntaku wire).
Sasuna, v.t., to explain, show the
meaning of, make plain, define.
Sata, v.i., search, overhaul, look for,
seek.
Satakana, ?/./., to be able to be
searched.
ke -satakani, unsearchable.
Satulula, v.t., to search, rummage,
overhaul, examine.
Sazi, 6, n. (Bako.), a cluster of small
white mushrooms.
Se (father), see ese, p. 27 1 & App.
Se, 6, ;z. +the cuts & facets on cut glass.
Se is somelimes not translated; it still
implies, however, the idea of a
change in the state of things ;
se ke yavTitukidi diaka kwa
yandi ko, it did not return to
him again.
Seboka, v.i., to become pale, fade, lose
colour.
Seboka, v.i., to be dug up root & all.
Sdbola, v.t., to dig up root & all to-
gether.
Sekima, v.i., to flash, gleam (as light-
ning).
Sekonde, 2, n., second (meas. of time
or an arc).
Sela, v.t., to lift (one's opponent off the
ground in wrestling).
Selo, 6, ;?.-|- deacon.
Seloka, v.i., to come into view, be re-
vealed, appear,
seloka dila (9), to begin crying.
Selomoka, v.i., to be invented, &c. ; see
selomona below.
Selomokena, v.t., to persist in, stick
to (a statement or idea), to be-
come attached to.
( 907 )
Sel-Sia
I
elomona, v.t^ to invent, discover,
find, find out, originate, suggest
(a matter).
una, v./., to reduce to some form or
shape, to create, to form, mould,
carve into shape, sculpture.
sema o lufulu (lo), v., mark out the
lines of a foundation.
sema o luwumba (lo), t/., to work
up clay.
Semba, 2/.=tumba (to blame, &c.).
Semenena, v.i.^ to shine very brightly,
intensely,
Semona, ?/./., to discover, invent, origi-
nate.
Sendomona, v.t.^ to speak sarcastic-
ally.
Seneta, v.i.^ to struggle, strive, exer-
cise all one's force.
Senga, 2/./., to spy, scout.
Sengele, 6, n., an ivory horn giving
the note of upper " do " in the
chord to which they are set.
Sengele, 6, n.^ in the Doutrina Christa
(1624) sengele = vicar.
Sengele, 6, n. (Bako.), an axe.
Sengola meso {pi. 7), v.t., to look
up, lift up one's eyes.
Sengomona, vJ.-\-Xq reveal.
Sensemeka, v.t.., to praise, extol,
speak highly of.
Sensemesa, z/./., causative of above.
Senti- (Fr. centi-) a hundredth part of
the standards of measurement
{e.g. senti-meta = centimetre
= TUo of a metre).
Sentime, 2, «., a centime, y^o of a
franc.
Senzama, v.i.^ to be in full view, fully
exposed, explained, expounded,
manifest.
Senze, 6, «.+ basket of very open
work for things which need air.
Senzeka, v.t.., to place an object where
it will be in full view, to expose
to view, to thoroughly explain,
expound, make clear, manifest.
Seola, v.t.., to cut off or out a piece of
flesh or skin, as in circumcision
or some operation.
Seswa, 6, «., a bare place, bareness,
paleness.
kala e seswa, v., to be bare, pale.
Sezi, pi. 6, ;/., dazzling brightness.
-asezi, «., bright & dazzling.
e sezi, adv.., dazzlingly bright.
Sobola, v.t.., to adapt, alter so as to
adapt.
Sokoka, v.i., to come out (of some-
thing in which it was encased
or embedded), be stript of.
Sokola, 7/./.-|-to take out of or strip off
(something in which it is en-
cased or embedded).
Sia, v.t.
sia e diambu (7), v., to speak
against.
sia e ziku (6), v., to make sure.
sia moko {pi 9), v.., to lay hands
on, catch hold of.
sia moyo (3), v.., to be much en-
grossed, interested in, taken up
with.
sia oku ntima (4), v., to bear in
mind.
sia wazi wa nsi a vuvu, to raise
false hopes \lit. to give one the
(skin) complaint of hoping, i.e.
to make one sick (fool) enough
to hope] ; unsidi wazi wa
nsi a vuvu kia futwa kwa
yandi, he raised in me false
hopes of being paid by him.
i sia vo or i sia zaya vo, cojij..,
that is, that is to say (that) also
equivalent to the following : —
i dia sia vo or\ dia sia zaya
vo, because of, were it not that
— ; (I) must... (otherwise) ; as
though (he) would say ; i dia
sia vo kwenda nkwenda
kala ke wau ko— , were it not
that I am going — or I must go,
otherwise —
ke sia ko vo, not to say that.
sia vo, to the effect that, stating
that, as herein set forth, as fol-
lows, that.
sia ele vo, even if, though ; sia
ele vo okumponda kikwenda
SlA-SiN
(908 )
Sia, continued.
kwame ko, even if you would
otherwise kill me I will not go.
Siamanana, v.i., to strive hard, en-
deavour earnestly, to be strong,
firm, secure,
Siamikina, ) v.t., to make thoroughly
Siamitina, \ firm, fast, secure.
Siamina, 7'./., bear, endure, sustain.
Siba-venda, interj.., may the curse be
averted ; God forbid ; oh dear,
no ; not a bit of it ; no indeed.
Sibil, 6, n.., the curse invoked, not an
invocation, but what the invoca-
tion should cattse, i.e. the cursed
condition.
Sidika, v.t.., to set firmly, fix, establish,
make very secure, found.
Siena, v. (Zombo), to get out of the
way.
Sika kindokela (5) (Bako.) or e ki-
nsansa (5), ?/., to snap the finger
& thumb.
Sikada, 2, n. (P. escada), a ladder,
steps, staircase.
Sikalala, 7/.z. + be set, placed (in a po-
sition), stand, be stood,
Sikana (yo), v., to appoint (with), to
fix, name.
kia Konzo tusikanini yandi, we
fixed Konzo with him as the
day.
Sikidika, v.t. -f to set, stand, place
(in a position).
Sikila, 7/., to behave, conduct oneself.
Sikinisa (yo) (Bako.), 7/./.=sikana,
App.
Sikula, T/.z., to hiccup.
Sikwa, 6, n., something (instrument,
&c.) which is played (sikwa),
musical instrument, &c.
Sila, 6, ?z., ebony.
Sila e nzila (2), 7/., to stand aside or
make way or clear the road (to
allow some one to pass); to allow
to pass, give a way to, give an
opportunity.
Silama, v.i., to be fixed, firm, founded,
set firmly, established, be made
very secure.
Silinda, 2, «., cylinder.
Silu, pi. 6, «., weight that renders a
thing firm & immovable, mas-
siveness.
Simakana, v.i., to be able to be for-
bidden, be persuadable not to
(do something) ; kesimakana-
nga ko, there is no prohibiting
him.
Simba, v.
ke mu simba edi dia vova ko, not
to prevent you from making a
or the remark, a polite form
used in interrupting a speaker or
in begging for the further indul-
gence of the audience or reader;
thus, I beg you to excuse my
venturing to interrupt you,
but — ; or I beg you to allow
me to remark further. Let me
give you another case.
Simbinina, v.t., to keep or maintain
well in good condition.
Simpama, v.i.
ntima (4, u-) simpama, to hesitate,
vacillate, to feel an inclination
to do something but still to
hesitate.
Simpika, v,t., to cause the above.
Sinda muna ntima (4), v., to en-
ter deeply into the heart,
be thoroughly comprehended,
taken in.
Sindakesa, 7'.^.=twalakesa, App.
Sindama, v.i., to be heavy, difficult,
reluctant to move, drag heavily,
require a great deal of pulling.
Sindanisa, T/./.^^twalakesa, App.
Sindika, v.t., to render heavy, «&c. ;
see sindama, App.
Sindikila, v.t., to worry, urge unpleas-
antly.
Sinduka, v.i., reversive of sindama,
to have the weight & difficulty
removed so as to be easily
drawn or moved, become less
heavy.
Sindula, v.t., reversive of sindika,
to render light, ready, no lon-
ger reluctant to move.
( 909 )
Sin-Son
Singa, ?/./., to die slowly & without
apparent cause (as of those who
die of old age or blighted
plants).
Singa, aux. V. + this auxiliary is best
represented by the phrase,
— " Will all in due course."
Singalakana, ?/./., to be opposite.
Singamena kumosi, v., to be parallel.
Singanana, v.i., to be straight.
Singinika, v.t., to straighten, make
straight.
Sinita, z/.z., to be tough, leathery.
Siuka, v.i.y to sink, utterly be swal-
lowed up,
Siololoka, v.i., to be very full of fat.
Sipanzi, 2, n. (Eng.), sponge.
Sisa, 7/./., to be frightened.
Sisa, 6, n., warning, example, scare-
crow.
Sisisa, 7/./., to threaten, to frighten.
Siwa, 6, n., that which is set, arranged,
appointed, ordained, an ordin-
ance.
Soba-soba, 6, n., a change (of the
moon or any change of appear-
ance).
Soloka ye (&c.), z/./.-l-tobe discovered
having or with— ; nengandi
wasoloka ye mbele ame, so-
and-so was discovered having
{or with) my knife.
Solola, v.t. + to find, judge, give judg-
ment, decide (a case), come to
a conclusion (in reference to a
matter).
Solomona, v.t., to start, originate,
suggest (a matter), invent, dis-
cover, find, find out.
Sombe, 6, n., loneliness.
-asombe, a., lonely, solitary, deso-
late, lone, remote from any
other (used in ref. to places
only) ; vasombe i twina, we
are in a desolate place.
Sombola, v.t. (P. .?), to borrow from a
stock which has been dedicated
to a fetish or from the joint
capital of a partnership, to be
surely repaid.
Sombola, continued,
sombola appears in the " Doutrina
Christa" (i624)=resgatar, to
ransom, redeem,
sombola mwana (i), to obtain a
child after requesting God or
one of the Romish images at
San Salvador, to give one.
sombola e nzila, 2, to obtain per-
mission to use a road, obtain
a right of way.
Someka, v.t., to stick (something)
upon a stick, spike, «&c., by
thrusting the stick into the sub-
stance of the bulkier object,
stick in.
Somoka {perf. somokene), v.i., to be
transformed, to transmigrate ;
an insect changing from the
larval to the perfect state is said
^ to somoka ; a man as he dies is
said to somoka.
Somona, 7/./. + to transform {see above).
Sompa, v.t.-\-\.Q hire (things).
Sompeka, z/./.-f to rent, let out.
Sompoka, v.i., to be or get married
{used only of women).
Sonamena, v.t., to be appointed to, be
fated.
Sonekena, v.t.-\-\.o appoint to (a duty,
&c.).
Songa, v.-\-io be right, proper, expedi-
ent, befitting.
Songesela, v.t., to show how, set an
example.
Songokwa, v., to be in travail with.
Songola, -z/./.-f- to bring to a point, sum
up.
Songola, v.t., take pains (in work).
Songololo, 6, n., care, worry, anxiety.
Sono, 6, «.-|- scripture.
Sonsa, v.t., to straighten the sides of a
pit or hole.
Sonsozioka, v.i., to be constantly
leaving one's work, much dis-
tracted.
Sonsoka, v.i., to be pointed.
Sonsoka, v.t., to leave one's work.
Sonsoka, v.i., to be picked out, of
grass awns.
Son-Sun
910 )
Sonsola, v.i.^ to move, stir, make any
or the least movement.
Sonsola, v.t., to cause distraction,
cause one to leave one's work.
Sonsona, v.t., to cut a point to any-
thing.
Sonsona, v.t.^ to pick the awns of grass
out of one's clothes.
Sote, 6, /?., a large frog.
Stere, 2, /?., a stere or cubic metre.
Su, 6, «., a piece of cloth of more than
the ordinary length, a double
piece, i.e. a piece of 12 fathoms ;
if of any other length the
measure is mentioned; su kia
mavwata 30, a piece of 30
fathoms.
Sud, 2, n. (Fr. sud), south.
Sudi, 6, «., hut, shelter, shed ( = sa'ba).
Sudika, v.t.., to cause a strong deter-
mination to do something bad ;
see sula, &c., App.
Suka, v., to end.
ke -suki, a. {imnatural negative),
endless, eternal, everlasting ;
moyo ke usuki, endless or
eternal life.
Suka e mbele (2), v., to stab.
Sukwa...o moyo (3), v., to grow
weary, tired of something, to be
bored.
Sula, v.t., to do, but it is always to be
understood that the action is
evil, <&-' will involve trouble.
Sulama, v., to be most determined (to
do something which is bad).
Sulamwa, v,i., to have evil deter-
mined against one.
Suma, v.t., to talk about, speak of,
mention, name, allude to ; to
tell off (to a duty, &c.), call out
(for a certain service, &c.).
Sumama, v.i., to be talked about,
mentioned, named, alluded to ;
to be told off (to a duty, &c.),
be called out (for a certain
service, &c.).
Sumama, v.i., to stick into, pierce,
penetrate (into).
Sumamwaj-z^., to be pierced by or with.
Sumba, v.t. (Bako.)-l-to hire (carriers
only).
Sumbkte (=sumba + ate=P. ate,
until), adv.-\-\xxi\JA.
Sumbu, 6, n. (Bako.), danger, peril.
Sumbuka, v.i. (Bako.), to be in dan-
ger, peril.
Sumbuka, 6, ;?.-f a stile.
Sumbuka, v., to pass over (an ob-
stacle) or across (a space).
Sumika, v.t. = someka, App.
Sumina, v.t., to call out for, call to (a
duty, &c.).
Sumpa, v.t., to run, baste, in sewing.
Sumuka, v.t., to sin against.
Sumukwa, v., to be strongly disliked
on account of a wrong or sin
one has committed, to have
(some one) angry with us, be in
bad odour with, to have made
ourselves offensive by our evil
actions.
Sumuna, v.t., to pull out (something
which has stuck in).
Sunanana, v.i., to be satiated, satis-
fied.
Sunda, v.t.-\-\o overreach, get an ad-
vantage over.
Sundakesa, v.t., to mention (some-
thing) unintentionally, to " let
the cat out of the bag," to dis-
close (something) inadvertently.
Sundidila, v.t., to surpass ex-
ceedingly, overreach, get an
advantage over.
Sunga, T/./.+to wash & lay out the
dead.
Sunga-sunga, 6, n., care, concern,
anxious thought (as of a mother
over an absent child).
sia e sunga-sunga, v., to think of
with anxious concern.
Sungama, v.i., to persevere, be ear-
nest, zealous.
Sungamena, v.i -\-X.o bear in mind.
Sungi, 6, n., a season, period, a time.
If the season is specified, nsu-
ngi is used ; nsungi a nsa-
Iwa, harvest time ; konso nti
muua sungi kiandi, every tree
(9" )
Sun-Tam
Sungnl, continued.
in its season ; e sungi twe-
kala kuna Ekongo, the time
when we were living in Kongo.
Sungididi, 6, «. + perseverance, dih-
gence, earnestness, zeal, intent-
Iness in any pursuit.
jBia e sungididi, v.^ to be diligent,
' earnest, in earnest, zealous.
0ia e sungididi muna salu <?rsia
e salu e sungididi, to be dili-
gent, zealous in work.
Sungika, v.t. (Bako.), to straighten,
make straight.
Sungu, 6, n., violent death,
nzongo a sungu, a gun fired as a
challenge.
-asungu,«.+ hellish, leading to hell,
infamous, cursed.
nzimbu zasungu, «., money (ill
gotten) that would drag one to
hell.
Sungubadi, 6, «., a persecutor, one
who worries or persistently an-
noys.
Sungula, v., to rebuke.
Suninika, v.t., to satiate, satisfy.
Sunsa, 6, ;z. + a range, the distance to
which one can propel a missile
with the arm.
Sunsumina, •z/.z., to appear for a few
moments or a short time only,
to be evanescent.
Sunsumisa, v.t., to cause to appear,
as above.
Sunsumuka, v.i., to flinch.
Sunuka, ?7. + to slip away, escape.
Susa, T/.z., to shrink from, hesitate to.
Susubwila, 6, «., a very small fowl.
Swandana, v.i., to be one longer than
the other, irregular in length or
height.
Swanga, v.t., to throw or hurl far
away.
Swatakesa, v.t., to do rashly, without
thought.
Swatumuna, v.t., to make or render
oval, oblong,
-asweki, a., hidden, concealed.
Swena, v.t., to sniff, snuff.
Swengenia, 6, «.-f-great fear, appre-
hension which causes a feeling
as though one were stifled &
could scarcely draw one's
breath.
Swengeti, 6, anxiety.
Sweta, v.t., to sniff, snuff.
Swi-swi, 6, «. --^sungididi, App.
Ta, T/./.-fto pick out, select, choose
specially note or indicate.
Ta, V. (Bako.), to say, tell.
Ta, 6, n. [pi. bita(Bako.)], a branch.
Tadidila, v.t., to observe carefully,
look well at.
Tadikila, v.t., to look, look at, look
for, look after, watch, observe,
gaze at.
Taka, v.t., to arrange.
Takama (muna), v.i., to be prevented
(by something), to be at a stand-
still (because of).
uma (i2, -U-) takama, the business
is unable to proceed.
Takanisa, v.t., to arrange together
with due attention to height,
size or quahty, all of one kind
together.
Takula, v.t., to induce a man to leave
his chief & town to become
one's own follower, to act trea-
cherously.
Takula, v.t., to nudge any one unob-
served, to call his attention,
Tala, v.+io expect, also to be con-
trary, of the wind ; e tembwa
kwa yau kitadidi, the wind
was contrary to them.
Talanta, 2, n., a talent {biblical
weight).
Tambala, v.i., to walk along catching
hold of everything one passes,
like a monkey or baby.
Tambidila, v., to tempt ; see nkanu,
p. 380.
Tam-Tek
( 912
Tambika e kinganga (5), v., to in-
struct in the art of doctoring,
.&c.
Tambulula, v., to take turns (in a
task), to answer back in anti-
phonal song.
Tampula, v.t, to remove soft, sticky
stuff.
Tampwa, v.i.^ to be of the consistence
of stiff paste, in a soft, sticky
condition.
Tanda, 6 (Mbundu, kitanda), n.^ a
daily market place.
Tandu, 6, ?i.
yamu tandu ke tandu, adv., for
ever & ever.
e tandu mvu wonso, adv., some
day ; e tandu mvu wonso
vutuka kevutuka, some day
he will return.
Tandula, v.t., to disentangle (some-
thing caught or in a fix).
Tanginina, v.t., to imitate, copy,
make or do like.
Tanginina, 6, n., a copy (produced),
imitation.
Tanginini, 6, n., the habit of imi-
tating or copying others.
Tangininwa, 6, n., a thing to be
copied or imitated.
Tanguka, v.i., to leave one's own
town & go to live in another,
emigrate.
Tangumuna, v.t., to read over, to read
out from a list, call over, re-
hearse or give the details, de-
tail, mention or refer to item by
item.
Tangunuka, v.i., to be imitated or
copied, taken as a copy.
Tantama, v., to long for, intensely or
earnestly desire.
Tantwa e mpasi (2), v., to be tired,
grow weary (of a thing), be
bored; ke nutantwa mpasi
za sinsa ko, do not grow weary
of trying.
Tantilwa e mpasi (2), v., to sympa-
thise with.
-atantu, a., hostile, adverse.
Tapututa, v., go into all the details,
tell minutely.
Tatidila, v.t., to stick to (a thing),
adhere to, retain.., in possession;
follow after eagerly, earnestly
endeavour to acquire.
Tatila, v t.-\-\.o make a practice of, do
constantly.
Tatu, 6, n., woe, anguish, that which
causes one to cry out (tata).
Tavula, v.t., to arrange with interven-
ing spaces, to put further apart,
allow more room between.
Te ! interj., bang !
Teka, v.i., to begin to spring up (as
the first seedlings of a sowing),
he7ice the v. aux. teka.
Teka, v.i., to shine, come out as sun-
shine after dulness, shine forth.
Teka nkanu (4), v., to pretend that
various actions are taboo, & to
extort money for the violation
of the taboo law.
Teka e ngangu (2), v.i., to act
craftily or deceitfully, cheat.
Teka mafcu (9), to give full atten-
tion, to listen very carefully.
Tekana e ngangu (2), v., to cheat
each other.
Teke, 6, n.
yela nkisi (4) a teke, v., to be
subject to epileptic fits, to have
a fit.
Tekela e ngangu (2), v.t., to act
craftily or deceitfully towards,
to defraud or try to cheat.
Tekelela, v., to do, be, &c., first, long
previously or before ; e dia-
mbu diadi diatekelela ka-
nwa, this was foredetermined.
Tekesa matu, v., to be troublesome
to listen to.
Tekola, v., to branch a second time,
i.e. to put out a branch from a
branch, to have a grandchild
born, to be a grandparent.
Tekomoka, ^'.z.+to go over to the
other side or party.
Tekwa, 6, n., something with which to
draw water.
( 913 )
Tel-Tew
'elama, v.i.^ to be proclaimed.
Telama, v.t.-\-\.o rebel against.
telama vana, v., get up or rise from
(a seat, >S:c.).
Telamiana, v.t., get up quickly.
Telamiana, 9, w., vigour, energy, ability
to move briskly.
vimpi (12) yo telamiana, health &
vigour.
e tele (6), adv.^ tightly, firmly, se-
curely.
Teleka, z'./.4-to appoint to (an office),
proclaim, make an official or
public announcement, declare,
preach, herald ; dianu bante-
lekele e kimfumu, that is why
they appointed him chief.
Tema, v.i., to shed, cast a light ;
tiya tutemene vana tukedi,
the fire shed a light where we
were.
Tema, v.i.^ to appear suddenly or un-
observed.
Tdma, 6, n.^ a very bad person, a
scoundrel, scamp, rascal, wretch,
brute ; also something great &
terrible, awful, horrible to con-
template (only used of that
that which is bad) ; tema kia
nsongo, unspeakable agony.
Tembela, •z^.-i-to be in a great state of
commotion, disturbed, agitated
(of a number of people or a
whole town).
Tembo, 6, «. (Bako.), a strong wind,
breeze, storm, squall.
Temona, v.t., to enlighten, impart light
to.
Temonwena, v.t.^ to inform, make
aware, make known, put up to.
Temoziana, v., to inform each other,
make each other aware.
Tempa, v.t., to blurt out, speak with-
out care & propriety.
Tenda, v.t., to cut.
tenda e nsi (2), 7/., to mark a cross
on the ground in doing homage.
tenda ntima (4), v.^ to be per-
fectly frank, to keep nothing
back, be sincere.
Tenda, continued.
tenda e nzila (2), 7/., to make a mark
on the ground to §how which
way the caravan has passed (to
guide stragglers).
Tendana, v.i.^ to be scattered, driven
in all directions.
Tendangana ") v.i.^ to scatter, spread
Tendangiana, J in all directions.
Tendanisa, v.t.^ to scatter, drive in all
directions.
Tendela, v.t.^ to sell retail by linear or
superficial measurement.
Tendoka, v.i,-\-\.o shine, be bright,
dawn (of the daylight) ; kuma
ke kwatendokele ko, the day
had not dawned.
Tengola, 7/./., to give up, abandon as
of no further use ; to dismiss,
release, let go, set free, give
freedom to one not further
needed, have no more dealings,
friendship, &c., with.
Tenso, 6, n.^ a tier, step, layer.
Tensola, v.t.^ to take off the outer cas-
ing, coverings, the upper part
of a pile, all one's outer gar-
ments, i.e. everything tensama,
see p. 428.
Tente, 6, «., a bit, morsel, little piece.
Teta, 7/./., to cut up a carcase.
teta e nzila (2), v., to break, force,
make a way (through, muna).
Tete, 6, n., a turn (in rotation) ; ap-
pointed time.
Tetela, v.t., to cut the makeke off a
palm tree, to prepare it for tap-
ping, leaving only the newest
fronds ; to deflower (a virgin).
Tetomona, v.t., to give a detailed
account, detail at length.
tetomona e mvila (2), v., explain a
genealogy, give a pedigree.
Teva, 7/./., to beat severely.
Tewa, V.., to be picked out, selected,
chosen, specially noted or indi-
cated.
Tewa ! inter]., bang !
sia e tewa, v., to make a bang, to
fire (a gun).
3N
Tez-Tom
( 914 )
Tezanisa, v.t., to compare (with),
liken (to) ; to compare together.
Tiakidika, v.t,^ to hold out away from
the body (as a fowl her wings
on a very hot day) or a cloth
worn loosely & held out or the
arms.
Tiakidila, v.t, to treat insolently,
shamefully, without the least
respect or feeling, either by per-
sonal violence or insolence.
Tiala, ^'./., to cease to have any re-
gard for some one, to jilt, to
speak insolently about.
Tialumuna, v.t.^ to talk on endlessly,
expatiate.
Tialumuna, 7/./., to spirt, squirt.
Tiama, ■z/./'.-f-to strike a heavy blow.
Tiamuka muna nlungu (4) or nzaza
(2), 7/., to be wrecked ; ntiamuka
tatu yatiamuka muna nzaza,
three times was I shipwrecked.
Tiangalakesa, •27./.=tiakalakesa, p.
429.
Tianguna, ")^./'.,to speak
Tianguna e diambu (7), 5 scornfully,
insolently, to blaspheme ; u-
ntiangwini or untiangwini
mamhu, he spoke scornfully to
me.
Tianta, v.i.^ to sound (of a trumpet).
Tiantisa, v.t.^ to sound a trumpet.
Tibalala, 2/./., to be inflated, blown
out, distended {with liquid).
Tibidika, 7/./., to inflate, blow out, dis-
tend {with liquid).
Tibingi, 6, «., obstinate heedlessness
to advice & warning.
Tie-tie, 6, «,, the cracking of twigs
caused by an animal in the
" bush."
Tietiekele, pi. 6, «., a clanging sound.
Tifu, 2, 71. (P. chefia?), a dignified
bearing.
Tifuka {perf. -ini), v. {fr. above), to
maintain a dignified bearing.
Tika,7A/., to sift.
Tiki-tiki, 6, «., a great desire, longing
to do something which one can-
not or must not do.
Tiki-tiki, continued.
sala ye tiki-tiki, v., to have such a
desire, to long to.
Tikumuka, t/.z., to be thrown or fly
otherwise than was intended, to
miss the mark (of the object), to
swerve & turn aside.
Tikumuna, v.t., to throw & miss.
Tinina, v.t., to run to {not from), for,
with, &c.
Tintama, v.i.
ntima (4, u-) tintama, to hesitate,
vacillate, to feel an inclination
to do something but still to
hesitate.
Tintila, v.i., to be proudly reserved,
keep proudly to one's self, avoid
contact with others, to scrupu-
lously avoid anything dirty.
Tionga, v.i., to lose all power to ex-
press one's self or to do any-
thing, be done, lose all energy
(from heat, sickness, &c.).
Titila, v.i., to shake, shudder, shiver.
Tiukwa ntima (4), ^., to be pained
in the heart, grieved, troubled,
upset.
Tiuna=timvuna, p. 429.
Tividika, ^. A = tibidika, App.
Tokeka, v.t., give trouble, worry,
annoy.
Toko, 6, «., youth, youthfulness.
nkaza (i) a toko, the first wife a
man marries.
mwana (i) a toko, the first child
born to a man.
Tokomoka, ^.z., to flourish of plants,
trees, &^c.
Tola, v.t. (Bako.),to mention, say, talk.
Toma, v.t., to give another wife in
the place of one dead rather
than return the nkama a longo
with its accrued interest (usury).
Tombana, v.i., to flourish, be in ex-
cellent condition.
Tombana, v.i., to emit a delightful
odour.
Tombokelo, \6, «., a ladder, a means
Tombokelwa,/ of ascent, staircase,
steps.
(915 )
Tom-Tow
Tomboloka, v.i., to spring up (as
seedlings, come out (as new
leaves).
Tomesa, v.t., to demand another wife
as above ; see toma.
Tomesa, 7/./. + to do what is right &
proper, to do well.
Tomona, 7'./. + to take the initiative in.
-atompodia, a.^ without salt,
TomvijjzJ/. 10, n. (Bako.), the brain.
Tona, v.t.^ to recognise, remember,
recollect, know, perceive (a
matter), understand.
Tonama muna, v.i.^ to be appointed
to.
Tonda, 7/.A + to approve of, be satisfied
with, consider fit or sufficient,
like, esteem, be pleased with,
admire, express approval; hence^
to express gratitude, thanks, to
love gratefully, so that although
tanda &^ tonda Jigure in other
Bantu languages for to love,
its primary idea in Kongo lies
in a sense of satisfaction &^ only
tdtimately in a complacent or
grateful {?) love.
Toneka, v.t.^ to appoint to a duty,
«&c. ; tuntonekene kasumba-
nga e lekwa ya evula, we
appointed him to the duty of
buying the things for the station.
Tonekena, v.t, to take note of, mark
(mentally), to exercise discern-
ment, judgment.
Tonekena, 9, ;/., discernment.
Tonena, 7.'./.=Tona, App.
-atonga, «., stout.
Tongamena, v.L, to sit up late.
Tongeneka, v.t., to have a spite
against, to bear... malice.
Tongolola, v.t, to be curious about,
inquisitive about, pry into — .
Tongomoka, v.i , to rise to the sur-
■ face, to come up again.
Tongonokakana, v.i. , to be able to be
I traced out.
Tongonona, v.t., to trace to its source,
i^m ^^^^^ °"^ (^ matter), to investi-
Tongonona, v.t., to bring up, rear,
foster.
6 tonia (6), ad7j.
tala e tonia, ?/., to gaze fixedly.
Tontolo, 6, «., a weak person, one
without strength.
-atontolo, a., weak.
Topaze, 2, n., topaz.
Tota, v.i., to ache (of the head only).
Tota, v.t. {mid. V. totoka), to search
for (a road or track).
Tota, v.t., to ascend, climb, go up.
Tota, v.t. (mid. V. totama), to add,
put together.
Totama, v.i., to accord, harmonise, be
alike.
Totama, v.i;, to be added or put to-
gether.
Toteka, v.t., to make a beginning
with, commence at, start on.
Toteka, v.i., to run.
Toteka, v.t.^ to match, to fit together,
make to accord or alike, har-
monise, to give an equivalent
fofr, to compound by mutual
exchange.
toteka longo (10), v., to arrange a
cross marriage, so that for a
woman given another is given
back.
Totoka, v.i., to be commenced, also
be well pushed (of a concern),
be well under weigh.
Totoka, v.i., to be searched for (of a
road or track).
Totola, 7/., to clap the hands before
beginning to speak.
Totola, v., to say {a woman's word).
Totola, v., to do or accomplish much,
make a good show, have plenty
to show for it, push on well
with.
Totolola, v.t., to collect, get together.
Tovola nkanda (4), v--, to tan
leather.
Towa, 6, n., a small mess of clay
mixed with palm wine, &c., for
the purposes of anointing.
Towa made at the grave of a
great hunter may be smeared
Tow-TUM
(916)
Towa, continued.
on all comers to confer hunting
skill.
Toza, v.t.^ to begin, commence, lay the
foundation stone or mark out a
site or hole.
Tu, ad-iK {causing an accent to fall on
the last syllable of the previous
word, see p. 433) +even, too ;
oyeto tu tukwenda, even we
are going.
kansi tu, conj., but (regretfully or
indignantly).
Tua, v.i., to be sharp, acid, salt,
biting, sweet, peppery {accord-
ing to the nature of the condi-
ment).
tua muna, to season {of the condi-
ment).
Tudidika, v.t., to put a lot.
Tudika, -z/./.+set up, put together, to
reconstruct (of many parts or
materials).
Tufakana, T/.z., to be crushed smashed
up, to be conquered, utterly
routed.
Tufakesa, v.t., to smash, crush up,
to conquer, utterly rout.
Tufuka {perf -ini), v., to be crushed,
squashed & make a mess.
Tufuna, -z/./., to squash or crush &
make a mess.
Tuka kuna tuka (9), adv., from the
very first or beginning.
tuka V2iXL2i.,prep., from, commencing
from.
Tukama, v., to be in a fix as to how
to arrange something.
Tukika (e diambu), v.t., to be in too
great a haste and so fail, to be
at a loss for a reply.
Tukika, v.t., to place, stand the point
(against), touch or poke with
the end of something (long).
Tukilwa, v., to be the starting-point
of.
oku kutukilu, adv., at first, for a
while.
Tukuka, v.i.-\-to fade, wilter, wither ;
be soft, limp.
Tukumuka, v.i., to be wearisome, to
lose its interest.
Tukumukwa, v., to be tired of (some-
thing) and give (it) up, to lose
one's interest in, be sick of (a
thing).
Tukuna, v.-\-to make soft by rubbing,
be hmp, to cause to wither.
Tuku-tuku, 6, n.
sia e tuku-tuku, v., to gaze, look
fixedly.
Tulalala, v.i., to be put in plenty.
tulalala ye, to have plenty put
down to or on one.
Tulama, t/.z. + to be set up, put to-
gether, constructed (of many
parts or materials).
Tulumenta, 2, n. (Bako.) = tulu-
mbeta, page 434.
Tuluza, v.t., to drag about.
bunda tuluza, to beat & drag about
in an inhuman manner.
Tuma, v.t., to send alone (twika, to
send in any one's charge) ; also
to order, give an order or in-
structions to go, not a simple
order; untumini vo kenda,
he ordered him to go.
Tumbama (vana), v. mid., to be or
get set or placed (before).
kwanga {pi. 6) yatumbama, n., the
shew-bread.
Tumbika, v.t., to place, set, put (be-
fore others).
Tumbikila, v.t., to set or place before ;
bantumbikidi madia, they
set food before me.
Tumbu, 6, ;z.+ fault, flaw.
sia e tumbu, v.-\-\.o find fault with,
to speak against.
Tumbu, 6, n., thick jungle left by the
fires affording shelter to game.
Tumbula, v.t., to do clearly, dis-
tinctly, make plain, plainly.
tumbula nsamu (4), ^m to tell
plainly.
tumbula soneka (9), v., to write
distinctly.
tumbula vova (9) or e ndinga (2),
■z/.-fto speak distinctly, clearly.
(917)
TUM-TUN
t
mbnia, t/./.+to breathe softly (as
one sleeping).
mbulula, v.t.^ to bring up to the
surface, bring up from the dead.
Tumbulwila, v.t., to make aware of,
warn, point out an evil ^/-danger.
tnmpa, v.t ^ to rush about in all direc-
tions.
tumpa-tumpa, v.i. + to be very
active, very energetic, to rush
about.
Tumpa, 7/./., to thrust in something
by force or something not in-
tended to enter.
Tumpalala, v.i., to become stupid,
foolish, ridiculous, absurd, lose
one's wits.
Tumpama, v.i.., to sit down, to fall
down in a sitting posture, so
that the buttocks first reach the
ground.
Tnmpana, v.i.., to be tossed about in
all directions, agitated.
Tuinpidika, v.t., to render stupid,
ridiculous ; take away one's wit's
& ideas.
Tmia, v.i., to be moderate, keep well
within bounds, be temperate,
be under proper control.
Tuna (Bako.), v.t., to despise, scorn.
Tnndalala, v.i., to stand or be high
up, be prominent, be exalted.
Tundangana, v.i., to make a mistake,
to forget one's errand, business
or intention for a moment &
I make a mistake ; kuviki landa
diambu ko yavana kilunga
etatu ; kosi, susi ; kole, tu-
ndangana ; kutatu, kana
kakana dio (Proverb), do not
be in too great haste to follow
up an offence until it has hap-
pened a third time ; firstly, take
it for an accident ; secondly,
for a mistake ; the third time
it was intended.
-atundangani,
-atundanganu,
tutu kiatundangani, very seldom,
very rarely indeed.
Tundidika, v.t., to exalt, make promi-
nent.
Tunduka, v.i., become greater &
greater (in wealth & dignity).
Tunduka, vi., to move up & down
(as grass, &c.) because of some
animal making its way under
it.
Tundula, v.t., to lift up {as above).
Tundula, v.i., to breathe softly (as
one sleeping).
Tungama, ?'./. + to have nothing to
say for oneself, to be left with-
out a reply, to look blank, be
in a fix.
Tungianu, 12, n., aimless wandering,
straying.
Tangika, v.t.-\-\.o leave one without
a word to say for oneself, put
to silence, to leave without a
reply.
e tungununu (6), adv.
tala e tungununu, v., to gaze
fixedly at, fix the eyes on.
Tuntana, v.i., to be annoyed, worried,
troubled.
Tuntanisa, v.t., annoy, worry, trouble,
tease.
Tuntuka, v.i., to increase, be further
advanced.
tuntuka e ntela (2), v., to be bigger
in size.
tuntuka nkisi (4), v., to have
come under the (benignant) in-
fluence of a charm.
tuntuka moko {pi. 9), v., to be
able to divine moko ; see p.
350-
Tuntula, T^./. + to cause to increase.
Tuntula nkisi (4), v., to bring under
the (benignant) influence of a
charm.
tuntula moko {pi. 9), v., to render,
able to divine moko ; see p. 350.
Tuntuluka, v.i., grow, get bigger,
higher, increase (in height,
price, &c.).
Tuntulula, v.t., to cause to increase
(in height, price, &c.), to... more
and more.
Tun-Umf
( 918 )
Tunu, 6, w,, proper control, modera-
tion, temperance.
Tununu, pi. 6, n.^ exceeding cleanness.
Tununu, 6, ;z., insubordination, rude-
ness, an over-stepping of the
bounds of propriety, right, duty,
&c., immoderation, excess, im-
propriety.
-atuminu, <«., going beyond the
proper use or bounds, and there-
fore mad, foolish, useless, un-
serviceable, immoderate, wild,
insubordinate ; note tunuiiuka
below.
Tununuka, v.i., to pass all bounds,
become immoderate, to take
liberties, become rude, insubor-
dinate, uncontrollable, to take
advantage of kindness and
gentleness, to act wildly, to ex-
ceed one's province ; note tuna
above.
Tuta, ?y.z., to become numerous,
plentiful, abundant ; matuti
matutidi kuna ezulu, the sky
is thick with clouds.
Tuta nlembo (4), v., to touch one in
the face or chin with the finger
as a challenge.
Tutika, v.t., to place, stand the point
(against), touch or poke with
the end of something (long), to
place the end of something
against another object.
Tutisa e ekudi (8), v., to irritate, pro-
voke.
Tutu, 6, n.
tutu kiatundangani, very seldom,
very rarely indeed.
Tuvala, 6, «., something distended or
blown out.
Tuvalala, 9, ??., distension.
Tuvula, 7/., to blow out.
tuvula meso {pi. 7), 7/./., to look
fiercely, angrily, glare.
Tuwa {perf. tuwidi), v.t., to try to
catch or kill too soon, i.e. before
getting sufficiently near.
Tuwa {perf. tuwilu), v.i.^ to escape
thus.
Tuzu, 6, «., a very bad person, a
scoundrel, scamp, rascal, wretch,
brute.
Twalakesa, v.t., to betray into diffi-
culties, to lead one into attempt-
ing something in hope of sup-
port and then to withhold it,
fail to help in a crisis, to with-
hold promised assistance ; to
hang back and let others bear
the brunt of a struggle ; to hurry
along by force, to carry away
(as a crowd or flood).
Twanga, v., to dislike, to think evil of,
find fault with.
TwangU, 6, ?z., fault, flaw, defect, erra-
tum ; kimwene twangu ko,
I find no fault in him.
Twe ! interj.^ click ! snap ! sound of
something breaking.
twe lubasa ! {i.e. the frond rib goes
click ! I break the stick in token
of agreement), let it be so !
agreed !
Twengona, v.t. (fr. twe), to snap.
Twezi, 6, 71. (Bako.), flocks, herds,
cattle, live stock.
Twika, v.t., to send in any one's
charge (tuma, to send alone).
Twikila, v.t., to help any one to pick
up his load or to put it on him.
Twisa, "z/.A + tomake sharp, acid, &c. ;
see tua, App.
u.
Ubekenge, 12, «., frailty, fragility.
Ukabu, 12, «., avarice, greed.
Uleza, 12, «., laziness.
Umfunia, 12, ;/., the habit of violence,
plundering.
Umfuzi, 12, n., professional skill,
ability in one's profession or
craft.
Umfuzi wa Nzambi, God's creative
wisdom.
Umfuzi wa fula, great ability in
smith work.
( 919 )
Ump-Uve
Umpavuludia, 12, «., independence,
indifference, unconcern, disre-
gard, estrangement shown by
an absence of all feeling, affec-
tion or care for those con-
cerned.
Umpondi, 12, w., murderous nature.
Umpuka, 12, «., wicked cunning,
craftiness.
Umpiimina-nzambi, 12, 71., the nature
and characteristics of one who
fears God, godly fear.
Umputu, 12, «., poverty.
Umwanda, 12, n., spiritual nature.
Una.
una-ina, of any kind, any (thing)
like (it), any (thing) of the
kind ; kimbwene mo ma una
kina ko, 1 did not see anything
of the kind in there,
una ke...ko, ^^■z/.-f before, while as
yet... not.
una. ..una, as, whilst, as. ..at the
same time ; una kekwendanga
muna nzila, mansanga una
mebutumuka muna meso, as
he went the tears fell fast from
his eyes,
(yo, jQ or) yo...una nkutu..., just
the same with .... ; ye nzimbu
zandi una nkutu, za wivi, just
the same with his money, it is
by theft.. .
Unga, 12, n., continual disagreement
on every point ; see nya, App.
TJngolokoso, 12, n., gammon, non-
sense.
Ungomba, 12, absence of all trouble-
some timidity or shyness, tame-
Iness, gentleness of manner,
kuna ungomba, adv., by gentle
means.
Ungongolokoso, 12, n., gammon, non-
sense.
Ungudi, 12, n., the relationship as
children of one mother, the
best relations or terms (be-
tween different people), peace,
harmony, brotherly or mutual
Ungudi, continued.
one would show to one's near-
est & dearest).
e mpanga (2) a ungudi, terms of
peace.
Unkitu, 12, «., wicked cunning.
Unkwa, 12, w., fellowship, companion-
ship.
Unkwa, conj., see under -nkwa, App.
Unkwikizi, 12, «. + that which con-
stitutes a person a munkwi-
kizi, religion.
Unlomba, 12, n., unfruitfulness.
Untiangu-ntiangu, 12, «., the habit
of jilting, changeableness in
likes & whims.
Untongololi, 12, n., inquisitiveness,
curiosity, the disposition to pry
into, search out matters.
Untotela, 1 2, «., in the Doutrina Christd
(1624) untotela= majesty. Nto-
tela therefore is not a simple
dynastic natne.
Untwadi, 2, w., companionship, fel-
lowship, the being together
with, community, communion.
Untwanga, 12, n., unscrupulous ras-
cality, utter untrustworthiness,
villainy.
Unzengelevwa, 12, «., foolishness.
Usewa, 12, n.^ circumcision.
-a USUtu, a., very bad indeed {a most
indignant &" abusive tervi),
scurrilous, utterly abominable
& useless.
Utiangi, 12, n.^ stature, physical de-
velopment attained ; nkia utia-
ngi kena? una wetoko, how
big a fellow is he ? quite a fine
young man {i.e. that of a full
grown young man).
UtO, 12, n., bodily nature.
Utontolo, 12, «., weakness.
UtU (Bako.), conj.., then (impatient),
indeed, even=tu, vutu, App.
XJveledi, 12, n., saintship, the being
a saint.
suminwa uveledi, v., to be
called to being a saint. Ep. of
Paul.
Uvo-Van
( 920 )
Uvoso, 12, «., senselessness, utter folly.
-a uvoso, a., senseless.
Uwolezia, 12, n., corruption, the
nature of corruption, rotten-
ness.
Uwuntu, 12, «.=wuntu, App.
Uwuya, 12, /z., drunken madness,
fury, quarrelsomeness, wild
recklessness, lawlessness.
Uyakala, 12, n., manly nature, manli-
ness.
Uyi, 12, n., dung, excrement.
Uzeze, 12, «., effeminate, delicate fas-
tidiousness, useless helplessness.
TJzimi, 12, ??., clanship.
Uzumbu, 12, «., the desolation of a
deserted town.
V.
V before a, e, & among the Ba-
kongo about Wathen is pro-
nounced as a light guttural gh ;
by some of the Babwende as g ;
by the Basundi as h.
Va {perf. vene), v.t., to give ; also to
yield (fruit).
ova is used when another further
hypothesis is advanced^ the fore-
going beittg introduced by OVO.
If, should, see i Ep. John i. 8
& 10.
Vadi, 6, ?/.=kimpadi, App.
Vaika, v.i.-\-\.o come out, appear (from
somewhere), arise (turn up),
happen, befall.
Vaikilwa, v.^ to have come upon one,
to have befall one.
Vakama, v.^ to be caught, held back.
e mpaka zabavakamene, further
dispute or denial was impos-
sible.
Vaki, 6, «,, the matter to which one
is hooked or hitched, i.e. one's
first business, that which must
have one's first attention, the
first or main thing which one
has to do, the first duty, the
main point, the great thing to
be aimed after, the chief diffi-
Vaki, continued.
culty, obstacle, hindrance, the
crucial point, the " crux."
Vaku, 12, n., toll, tribute, custom,
tax,
Vakula nkalu (4), z/., to deny,
refuse, contradict, repudiate,
refute.
Va-ku-mu, 2, «., a combination of the
roots of the locatives., a pre-
position.
Vala.
mu vala, from a long way off ; mn
vala katuka, he comes from a
long distance.
Valanga, 6, n., a basket to carry
poultry, &c., in.
Valanganza, 6, «., a skull.
Varna, vd.., to be strong.
Vambula, -z/.+to provide, furnish with.
Vambwila, v.^ provide, to furnish ;
okutuvambwila e nzo zina zi-
fwene, he will furnish us with
the necessary house.
Vampamiana, v., to persevere, keep
on trying, keep on.
Vanakana, v.i., to be possible to be
given, be giveable.
vanakana nkalu (4), ^., to be de-
niable.
Vanama (ye), z/.z., to struggle (with
some great task or burden).
Vanamiana, v.., to persevere, keep on
trying, keep on at.
Vanda e mpandu (2), e/., to practise
sorcery.
Vandalala, t/.z., to surpass, eclipse,
out-do everything, be supreme,
to proudly think that one can-
not be surpassed, eclipsed or in
any way harmed by any one or
anything.
Vanga, vd.-\-X.o behave towards, do
to. '
Vangala, 6, «. + a framework.
Vangalela, v.t., to do thoroughly,
well, do one's best at or with.
Vangama, vd., to prosper, get on
well, be successful in business,
do well, to be full-grown, grown
( 92F )
Van-Vel
Vangama, continued.
up, to be edified, perfect, com-
plete (in one's powers, know-
ledge, education, &c.).
Vangamesa, 7/./., to edify, &c., causa-
tive of above.
Vangamiana,
to be quick in
making or preparing ; if the
subject is mentioned, it is pre-
ceded by yo (&c.) ; vangamiana
ye salu kiaku, "look sharp"
with your work.
Vanganana, v.t.^ to grow great, be-
come or be very important,
absorb all the interest, leave
no room for anything else.
Vanganisa, 7/./.-j-to be in a great
hurry with any one, impatient
with one who is in one's way.
Vangaziama, v.i.^ to be made or pre-
pared quickly.
Vanginika, v.t.^ to make great, im-
portant.
Vangizieka, v.i.., to do, make quickly
or prepare something.
VangU, 6, n.^ a yoke, leash.
Vangu, 6, n.., danger, peril, source of
trouble & annoyance, nuisance,
difficulty.
■avangu, a., difficult, trying, trouble-
some, dangerous.
sia e vangu, 7/., to cause danger, &c.,
be a nuisance.
Vangulnla (yo), t/.A, to do much^
exceedingly, many times, over
again.
IVangwa, v.i.
UVangilu kwa, just as if, just like ;
I uvangilu kwa kuma kunoka i
L kwina oku ezulu, it is just as
i' if it is going to rain ; uvangilu
I kwa toloka nima i kena, he is
y just as if his back was broken.
faningina, v,t., to run with one's
I utmost speed.
Vanzikwa, 6, «., see elusu, A pp.
Vasina, 6, «., chip, piece, bit.
asumuka, t'.z'., to shoot or spring
up in abundance.
Vatalala, 2/.z.=vandalala, App.
Vatumuka, v.i., to recover, get right
again after severe illness., or in
the case of plants., revive after
fading.
Vaudi, 6, «., a separate portion, some-
thing apart, a sect, divisor in
arithmetic.
e vaudi muna or yo, adv., apart,
separate from, in a state of
separation from, yo is used
with persons, muna of things.
Vauka (muna), v.i., to be separate,
apart (from), hold aloof (from).
Vaula (muna), v.t., to put separate,
apart (from).
Vava, 6, n.., ant's nest (mushroom-
like).
Vava ke...ko, d^/z/., before, while as
yet... not ; vava kiayizidi ko,
while as yet I had not come,
before I came.
-avava, a., extraordinary, unusual.
Vavi, 6, «., a man or beast of enor-
mous strength, a Samson, a
Hercules.
Vayizeka, v.i.., to go out quickly.
Yaza, v.i.., to go on increasingly,
become more & more great,
numerous, severe or intense,
receive constant accessions
(used of good or bad), hence to
become worse or better accord-
ing as such change may be good
or bad. Vaza is the reverse
of voza.
Vekomoka, 2/.z.-f-to rush and bluster
(as the wind), to blow, be blown
along.
Vekomoka, v.i., to go far away, de-
part.
Vela, 6, «., emptiness, a void, vacuum,
-avela, a., empty, void, vain, use-
less.
Vela, 6, n.-\-2ir\y house built for the
purpose of keeping a fetish
image or charms, a shrine
(heathen).
Yela-vela, v.i., to grow strong, in-
tense, earnest, be ardenty
zealous, anxious, intent, keen.
Vel-Vev
( 922 )
Vela-vela, continued.
ntima (4) se uvela-vela, to want
to know or hear more of a
matter.
vela-vela muna salu, to grow 07-
be earnest, active, zealous in
one's work.
ete (8) se divela-vela, to want more
of something tasted.
e mbele se ivela-vela, the knife is
very sharp, has a keen edge.
Vele, adv.^Xyx. (the particle).
kana vele=kanele.
ovo vele vo, see vova ele vo.
Velekela, v.t.^ to put aside, hide.
Velekela, 6, ;/., something put thus
aside or hidden.
Velesa-velesa, v.t.^ causative ^vela-
vela ; velesa-velesa e ngangu
zeno, sharpen your wits, keep
your wits about you.
Velezieka, 6, ;/., cleverness in mak-
ing tasty dishes out of Httle
nothings ; also such dishes.
Velezieka, v.t.^ to make such dishes.
Vema, vd. (Bako.)=kangala, ha in
Kongo proper has the idea of
to prowl in it.
Vempoka, vd., to vanish, disappear
(as smoke or mist).
Vena ye, there are... at or on, &;c.
Vengama, vd. = vengomoka, App.
Vengeka, vd., put aside, away, hide,
somethi7ig which one has.
Vengekela, vd., to put aside, defer,
put off, postpone.
Vengenene, 6, n. {sing, only), passion,
emotion, strong feeling or de-
sire,
-avengenene, a.
makasi (8) mavengenene, fierce
anger.
Vengomoka, vd., to be or go aside,
on one side, out of the way, be
gone a little way from.
Vengomona, vd., to put, shift on one
side, aside, out of the way
(something encountered).
Venza, vd., to strike with, beat with.
Venza, vd., to wash very thoroughly.
Venzomona, vd., to make a good
wide clearing ; hence, in a pala-
ver, to show up, to inform
against, to expose by clearly
stating the facts.
Venzona, vd., to make a small cut or
wound.
Vesoka, vd., to become vile, spoiled,
dirty, loose colour, tarnish.
Vesona, 6, n., small crumbs, sawdust.
Vetama, vd.
vetama...vumbuka, lit. to bow (the
heads), to raise them again, to
hold a consultation, consult,
confer ; bavetamene bavu-
mbukidi, they consulted to-
gether.
Vete.
ke vete ko, conj. + W. may be, per-
haps, it being hoped that such
is the case ; ke vete ko kwenda
nkwenda, perhaps I shall go.
Veve, 6, n., the eaves of a building.
Vevi,
ke vevi ko, adv., in no small degree,
very much,
oyeno nusundidi e nuni ke vevi
ko, you are far superior to the
birds.
Vevoka, ?/./. + to be under no re-
strictions, to be free, to have
liberty ; see under vevokwa
below.
Vevokelwa, v.i. {pass, of app. f of
mid. v., see p. 629)=vevokwa,
which see below.
Vevokwa, vd., to have restrictions
removed, be no longer under
restrictions, to have freedom,
to have liberty granted {pass, of
mid. v., see p. 625) ; vevoka
does not cotisider any existe7ice
of restrictions ; vevokwa con-
siders them to have existed and
to have been removed.
vevokwa moyo (3), v., to con-
sider worth while, to make up
one's mind (to).
Vevola ntima (4), "v--, to be willing,
ready.
I
( 923 )
Vev-Vil
Vevolwela ntima (4)—, v.^ to be
willing, ready to — .
Veyana, v.i.^ to search far & wide, in
all directions.
Veza mambu {pi. 7), ?'., to forbear.
Vezi, adv^ sooner, rather, it would be
better that ( = deke).
Iezo, 6, n. (vezozioka), the tail
feathers of a bird which have
been fastened up as a trophy,
the feathers of an arrow, the
tail of a fish.
ezozioka, ^'.^., to dodge about.
ia, \ v., to be well taught
la e mpila (2), J or instructed in
or trained at.
via masona (8), to know how to
read & write.
via unganga (12), to be well
initiated in the art of a doctor.
ia e mpila (2), v.., to be very black.
Viaku, 6, ;?., excuse, an unsatisfactory
explanation.
Vialuka, 7^./., to come or go away
without telling any one of one's
intention, to slip away secretly,
to withdraw oneself unnoticed.
Vianda, v.i., to get lost.
Vianga, 2^., to mark, write.
Vianga, v.t., to smear on a thin coat
or thinly.
Viangala, v.t.
moyo (3, U-) viangala,
viangalwa ntima (4) or moyo,
_ to be very wishful (for), intent
(on), anxious (to).
Viangama, v.i., to be thinly smeared
(of grease, &c.).
Viangila, -z/., to go or come {an angry
word) ; kuviangila mu nzo
ame ko, do not venture into my
house (you rascal).
Viangula, v.t.., to go carefully &
stealthily to touch some one
(to call him aside without at-
tracting the attention of others).
Vibidila (Bako.), z^.^zizila, p. 283
& App.
Vididika meso, v.t., to render cross-
eyed.
Vidika, v.t., to impregnate.
Vidikwa (kwa), v., to be with child
(by).
e vidiza, 8, «. (Kib.)=etadi, App.
e vie {p/. 6), adv., all right, without
anything the matter.
Vika, aux. z/.-l-to do quickly, sud-
denly; also to. ..just.. .only ;
kuna kwa ntukuka uvikidi
tukuka, how quickly it withered
up ; ovo mpikidi songa kaka
ntu— , if I only just showed
my head — .
Vikuka, v.t., to whirl along rapidly
(in the air, as leaves before the
wind), rush, blow hard, come
or go violently (of wind ^r rain)-
Vila, v.t.-\-\.o finish off an edging
properly.
Vila, 6, «., an animal killed & burnt
in a bush-fire.
Vilalala, v.i.
meso (7, ma-) vilalala, to be cross-
eyed.
Vilalala, v.t., to be faint, indistinct,
almost invisible.
Vilama, v.i., to be hidden, not to be
visible, not to appear.
Vilangesa, 7/./. -f-to make a mutual
exchange, set one over against
the other.
Vilukila, v.t., turn (one's) face round
(towards) (only of the face or
the proper side of a thing).
Vilukwa ntima (4), v.i., to repent,
change one's mind.
Vilula, v.i., to change one's mind,
opinion, &c.
Vilumuka, v.i., to be lashed, scarred
with lashing, be waled.
Vilumuna, v.t., to lash, wale.
Vilu-vilu, 6, n., changeableness,
fickleness.
Vilwa, v.i., to make a mistake.
Vilwa, 12, n., a mistake, error, a for-
getting ignorance, absence of
knowledge, injustice, wrong.
Vilwa, v.i., to want to attend to a call
of nature, or in the case of a
fowl, to want to lay.
ViL-VO
( 924 )
Vilwa, continued.
vilwa e nzala (2), ?/., to be hungry.
Vimpakana, •z/., to hear imperfectly,
to be dull of hearing.
Vimpi, 13, «. + health.
■avimpi,
healthy, healthful.
sound, good ; elongi diavimpi,
sound advice or doctrine.
Vimpita, 7/., think about, meditate.
Vina, V. (Mpa)=wiiiikina, p. 461.
Vinda nlele muna luketo (10), ?a,
to wind the long loose end of
one's cloth round the waist as
a girdle.
Vindakesa, v.t.^ to put down or into
(of many things ^r people only).
Vindana, t/./., to rush along in a
crowd, jostling together, in wild
confusion, pell-mell.
Vinduka, v.i.^ to close up (as wound),
be closed up, come well to-
gether (as a well-made joint).
Vinduna, v.t.., to cause to come to-
gether as above.
Vinga, t/.z., to take place or happen
since, to take the place of some-
thing else, to be the next thing
to happen ; nga nkia mambu
mavingidi oko evata, what has
happened since in the town.
Vinga, 6, n.., a person uninitiated into
a mystery or rite.
Vingila, 6, ;/., a bird which does not
build a nest of its own, but lays
always in old nests.
Vinzuka, v.i. (Bako.) = vunzuka,
P- 457.
Viongoloka, ) v.i., to be winding,
Viotakana, ) tortuous, circuitous,
crooked, round about, distorted.
Viotakesa, v.t., to render winding, &c.
Viotama, see viotakana.
Visa, 7/./., to thoroughly instruct, &c. ;
see via, App. ; to place beyond
all doubt as to skill, correct-
ness or certainty (of facts), to
audit, to officially or formally
sign or seal or otherwise certify.
Visa, 6, n., thorough knowledge, cer-
tainty, an audit, official or cer-
Visa, continued.
tifying signature or seal, a
receipt, a visa.
Vitakana, v. mid.., to turn aside,
leave the track ; e nkombo
ivitakene kunansi a nti, the
goat left the track to go under
a tree.
Vitakesa, v.t.^ to cause, allow or
make something which is held
to go aside from the mark, line
or track, as a htife in cutting
something oiit or a goat driven
or a hockey stick in playing
hockey.
Vitamena, v.t., to make a call in pass-
ing.
Vitidila, v.^ to go or be the first or
front or before all.
Vitumuna, 7/./.-fto push on with it,
sweep away with it, carry away
with a rush {used only in refer-
ence to things in motion) ; also
to blow over or down ( of the
wind).
V.K. (divitidi Kristu), B.C., before
Christ.
Vivila, v.t.^ to listen, attend to (a
matter., not a person).
Viyidila, 7/,/. = zizila, p. 283 & App.
Viziku-vizikn {pi. 6), « , the sound of
whispering.
Vizula, 7/./., to beat with a lash or
rods, scourge.
Vo, conj.., equivalent to " then " as
used sometimes in questions
when some action or definite
conclusion must result on re-
ceiving an affirmative answer;
insadisa vo? shall I help him
then ? akweyi kitukidi, kuna
evata vo, ovo kuna mpatu?
where does it come from, from
the town or the farms ?
vo i, con/'.., as for ; VO i mono mpa-
kwidi nkalu, as for me, I
denied.
VO mona own, conj., wherefore,
seeing this, on account of this
{used in speaking of some action
( 925 )
Vo-Vov
>, conthnted.
which is to follow these con-
clusions).
OVO, conj.^ that. Ovo used as a conj.
is p?eceded by a comma., or in
speaking by an equivalent
pause; see also pp. 310-311.
OVO, when used with the future^ sug-
gests uficertainty^ if ; when ihe
perfect is used, or when it is
followed by se, the event, though
yet future, is sure to take place
in due course, when.
OVO wau, conj., if so, in that case,
if it must be so, if needs be.
Vodiana, v., to cry, wail, making a
great noise.
Vodoka, vd., to be safe.
Vodola, v.t., to render safe.
Vokeka (muna), v.t., to hitch (upon
or over), slip (over).
Vola, ?/.?. + to win (in gambling).
vola e mbwa (2), v., weigh an
anchor.
Vola, vd., to paralyse.
Vola, v., to cool,
nitu (2, i-) vola, to have some rest
or relaxation after exertion, ///.
to cool down.
Volela, vJ., to lure, lure on, lead on
(to some mischief).
Volela, 6, n., a lure.
Volesa e to (6) or e nitu (2) or
ntima (4), v., to take rest after
some exertion, to take some
relaxation, mental if ntima is
used; physical if nitu, some-
times even z/ ntima.
Volo, 6, n., self-control, command
over one's passions, continence,
moderation.
Volo, 6, «., a sand-martin.
Volo, ) 6, n., a. hole or chasm made
Voloka, J by the subsidence of the
earth.
Voloka, vd., to tell nobody (about an
affair), keep (a thing) close,
dark, to make no answer, to
exercise self - control & be
silent.
Vololoka, v.i.y to be firmly, securely
tied, well braced up, to have
or exercise self-control, be tem-
perate, moderate, corttinent.
Vololola, v.t., to tie firmly, securely,
to cause to exercise self-control,
make temperate, moderate.
Voloma, v.i., to flow, pour, run down.
Volongonzo, 6, n., the framework of
the ribs complete &: in position.
Volozioka, v.i., to revolve (of endless
bands in opposite directions,
wheels in contact, &c.).
Vomo, 6, n., abundance, plenty.
-avomo, a., abundant, plentiful,
great (of something made up
of many things or of some
matter or affair).
Vomoka, v.i., to be abundant, plenti-
ful, become great or serious
through many accessions or
complications.
Vomona, vd., to give, put in abund-
ance, heap up, pile on.
Vompoka, v.i., to be hollow (of the
eyes), emaciated (of the abdo-
men).
Vonda tulu (pi. 10), n., to throw
into a dead or very sound sleep.
Vongola e kinsanga (5), v., to weep
profusely.
Vonza, 6, n., great danger, peril.
Vosa, v.t. + to engrave, to shape by
cutting into the surface (vala
by cutting off from the surface).
Vosona e kinsanga (5), v., to weep
bitterly.
Votalala, v.i., to hang down (of
branches).
Votana, v.i., to writhe & wriggle as
eels.
Voteka, vd., see vokeka, App.
Voteleka, v.t., to cause to hang down.
Vova, V.
i vova VO, so to say or speak.
vova ele vo or vova ele vo, even
if, in the event of.. .even;
vova ele vo diambu dikwiza,
ke diambu ko, even if trouble
come, never mind.
VOV-VUL
( 926 )
Vova, continued.
diau ovovele edio, as you say ; a
somewhat evasive yet definite
assent {e.g. Luke xxii. 70, &
xxiii. 3).
Vovelela, v.t.^ to address or call upon
(a fetish) or tell it one's wishes.
vovelela e esikilu (8), 2/., sing to
a musical instrument.
Vovelo, 6, ?z., a speech on another's
or one's own behalf, a defence.
Vovesa, v.t.^ to scold, speak angrily
to. This word is to be dis-
tinguished from vovesa, to say
to, by the absence of any
matter said or spoken ; kavove-
senge aka mwana andi, he
was always scolding\i\s child ;
kavovesenge aka mwana
andi mambu mambi, he was
always saying bad things to his
child.
Vovo fulu, 1 adv.., on the spot at once.
Vovo van, ) immediately, instantly,
at the very moment, in the very
act.
Voza, v.i.., to decrease in size, num-
bers, severity or intensity,
become less & less, hence to
become worse or better, ac-
cording as such change may be
, good or bad. Voza is the re-
verse of vaza.
Voza, v.i.., to stop, cease.
Vozevo, conj.., if, in the event, that.
Vuba, 7/., to clap (the hands with sur-
prise, &c.). ; ovubndi lukofi, he
clapped a clap.
Vubuna, v.t.., to kick up or along,
blow up (as gunpowder).
Vudidi, 6, ;?., the habit or act of
taking too much or very much.
Vudidila, v.t.^ to take too much or
very much.
Vudilwa, vd.^ to have (things) remove
or removed from (one), to have
(the crowd) leave (of a place or
person who was thronged), to
be cleared (of clouds as the sky
or of a place from a crowd or
Vudilwa, continued.
a wood of its trees) ; una kavu-
dilu, when (the crowd) had
cleared off, when he was alone.
Vuka, vd.^ to be spared, let off, let go
free, allowed to escape.
vuka (Bako.), to be saved, safe, get
free from danger, trouble, &c.,
get well.
Vuka, V. aux. (Bako.), to be, do, go,
come early, soon=vika, pp.
447, 695.
Vukama, vd., to be deceived, de-
luded, under a delusion.
Vukana, ^.z., to have sexual inter-
course together.
Vukana, vd.., flow together, coalesce.
Vukika, vd., to deceive, delude, be-
guile, humbug, gammon.
Vukisa, vd.., to spare, let go free, let
off, allow to escape.
Vukula, T/./.-f-to distract.
Vukula, vd.., to put up with (an in-
convenience, &c.), disregard,
pay no attention to.
Vukula, 7/./., to copulate (of animals).
Vukulula, vd., to take back some-
thing which one had given
away, reclaim.
Vula, 6, n. {from vula, to be en-
larged), a people, a great fol-
lowing or retinue.
Vula, vd., to clear off, disperse (of
crowds, clouds, &c.).
Vula, 7/./.-l-to strip off (fetters, &c.).
Vulukila, vd., to live by, make a
living by, at ; mu ungema
kevulukilanga, he lives by
palm-tapping.
-avululu, a.
ngangu {pi. 2) zavululu, false cun-
ning which defeats its own
ends.
Vulumuka, vd., to grow, increase in
size and stature.
Vulumukina, vd., to start up and
rush at, to dash, bound at,
spring suddenly at.
Vulumukina, v., to bluster, speak so
as to frighten.
I
(927 )
VUL-VUT
Vulumuna meso {pi. 7), v.t.^ to look
fiercely, angrily, glare.
Vulu-vulu, 6, n.^ see under kanda,
App.
Vuma, v.t.
vuma maza {pi. 7), v.^ to let water
fall from the mouth as in wash-
ing the hands.
vuma mete (8), z/., to spit upon.
Vumana, ?/., to respect, fear each
other.
Vumbana, ■?/./,, to give out a pleasant
odour.
Vumlauka, v.i.., see also vetama, App.
Vumbula, v.t.^ to catch in the very
act of doing (something, theft,
&c.) ; tumvumbwidi mwivi
or muna wivi, we have caught
the thief in the very act.
Vumu, 6, n.^ from vumu, the belly,
one's living, all one's food ; also
the subdivision of a clan (eka-
nda), a family, house, dynasty.
ntu (4) a vumu, the head of a
family.
ku vumu, round the trunk.
Vumwinu, 6, «., the spirit, soul, the
living principle, life.
Vuna, V. aux., to do... a little slightly,
to a small extent (time, amount,
&c.) ; vuna dingama, wait a
few moments ; vuna kio za-
ngula, lift it up a trifle.
Vuna, v.t., to bend (a bow).
Vunda, v., to halt for rest,
nkwa ntima avunda, one who is
slow to anger.
Vundanena, ) v.t., to hoe up the earth
Vundena, f round a plant.
Vundika, v.t., to place something
hard & dry into water to soften
it.
Vundumuna, v.t., to disinter.
Vunga, v.t., to cover somewhat im-
perfectly, because when vunga
is used the thing used to cover
with is small, &' not suffi,cie7it
to cover thoroughly.
Vunga sama (6), v., (Bako.), to place
nzambalalu grass over the hole
Vunga sama, continued.
from which winged white ants
are escaping, to make them lose
their wings at once," & so be
easily caught.
Vunganana, v.i., to be foolishly hid-
den.
Vunganana, vd., to be deceived.
Vungidilwa, vd, to be tempted to
do something which one knows
to be wrong. This is used of
the temptations which come
from the heart. Vukumuka
expresses the temptation due
to suggestion of others.
Vungila, vd., to dip (a morsel in the
gravy).
Vunginika, vd., to deceive, to lie, to
give a false impression, to make
a pretence that — .
Vunginika, vd., to hide foolishly, so
that it is easily found.
Vunguka, ) v., to come to one's
Vungukilwa, } senses or self, re-
cover consciousness.
Vungula, vd., to have (it) dawn upon
one, to understand, to take in,
comprehend.
Vungumuna, vd., to draw aside a
curtain, screen or obstacle
which previously obstructed
the view.
vungumuna nzieta (4) a malavu,
v., to shake off a fit of drunken-
ness.
Vunguta, ^.z. -1- to murmur, speak in
very low tones, mutter, grumble.
Vunguzioka, vd., to sniff & be dis-
gusted, to catch a nasty smell.
Vuni, 12, n., falsity, falsehood.
e vunia-vunia {pi. 6), adv., (to go,
come, walk, &c.) proudly erect.
Vunina, )^.,.^ ^o cheat.
Vuninina,J
Vunuka, vd., to be exposed, shown
up.
Vununa, vd., to lay bare, expose.
VutU, conj., then (impatient), indeed,
even = tu, utu, App., more used
by women.
Vut-Wa
( 928 )
Vutudi, 6, n.^ return, recompense,
reward.
Vutukila, v.t., to... over again ; "bavu-
tukidi tunga evata diau,
they built their town again ;
vutukila wo vova, say it
over again.
Vutula, 77./., become moist.
moyo (3, U-) vutula, to be refreshed
(in body).
Vuvana, v.i.^ to be lost & wandering,
"quite at sea," to be wondering
what it is all about.
Vuvanina, v.t.^ to wonder as to ;
mpuvanini edi kavovele, I
wondered what he said.
VUVU, 6, 71.
l)unda e VUVU, to trust, place con-
fidence in.
-avuvu, dependable, reliable.
Vuvuta, v.^ stray, wander about, roam.
Vuwama, v.i., to well befit, to fit as
cloths, &c., to fit its place, fit
well.
Vuwika, t/.A, to make a good fit.
Vuya, 6, ??., a small twig.
Vuzumuna, 7a/., to strip off or snatch
away with violence, to bark (the
object must be stated) ; ba-
mvuzumwini nlele, they
stripped him.
Vwa, I, n., the owner (always used
with the thing possessed men-
tioned immediately after it) ;
vwa-nzo, the owner of the
house.
Vwa mfunu (4), v., to have need of
or use for, to have any advan-
tage out of, get any good from ;
ke dikumpwa mfunu ko, it
will not be of any use to me.
Vwalangana, v.i., be deranged,
thrown into disorder or con-
fusion.
Vwalangasa (Bako.),) -z/./., to de-
Vwalangesa, J range, mix
up, throw into disorder, con-
fuse, throw about.
Vwama, v i. -t- to have abundance of
everything, to live in luxury.
Vwamvwana, v.i.^ to rustle & sway
about as the branches of a tree
(when climbing animals & birds
are moving about in them).
Vwanda e mfulu (2), v.^ to sit in
council.
Vwandangana, '\v.i., to make a shade
Vwandangiana,/ (as a spreading
tree).
Vwata,9, n., clothing ; dia yo vwata,
food & clothing
Vwatwa, 6, «., something to wear,
apparel, dress, {j)l.) clothes.
Vwavwaziana, v.t.., to own each
other, to entertain against each
other (feelings).
Vweto, 6, ;?., the gravity or weight
of something heavy not stand-
ing perpendicularly, as of a
ladder being placed m position.
Vweza, v.t. (Bako.)=veza, p. 447.
Vwika, 7/./. -f to hoist (a sail or flag).
Vwila, v.t., to lay hold of, get into
one's power.
W.
"W often stands in osolongo as an
equivalent of y in kisi-kongo.
Wa, interj., an exclamatio?i of sur-
prise., astonishment, protestation
or indignation, sometimes even
equivalent to I wonder whether,
surely, indeed, why ; in a ques-
tion a negative answer is ex-
pected.
wa edi,^r^«., why, for what reason.
wa ele nkutu (w'ele ukutu), with
or without vo, it is said indeed,
according to hearsay indeed,
there is a report already, in-
deed ; wa ele nkutu se yandi
i mfumu i bekunyikilanga
akaka, it is said indeed that
some call him chief ; wa ele
nkutu edi katukanikini vo-
ndeswa [tuvondeswa, indeed
he threatened to kill us.
wa nga, conj., do... then really (in
( 929 )
VVa-WeT
Wa, continued.
indignation) ; wa nga kielelca
kikilu vo nwavonda o mfu-
mu eno e ? do you then in-
deed really mean to kill your
chief ?
Wa, an emphatic, relative verbal par-
iiicle used much as i, but is rela-
tive rather than demonstrative^
who is, was, «S:c., which is, are,
&c. ; it often appears before
a noun in apposition ; Jizu
Kristu wa Mwana a Nzaml)i,
Jesus Christ (who is) the Son
of God.
Wa, V. (Bako.)=Vwa.
Wa-ya-wa, adv., here, there, &: every-
where.
Wadi, 6, ;/,, a short, black, thick, bony
fish.
Wadiwonso, 12, ;/., all sorts of things,
every thing.
Wala, 1 v.t., to do quickly, be
Wala-wala,/ quick in doing.
Wandu, 10 «& 12, //.+ lentil bush &
fruit.
Wanzio (12) wa nsa, ;/., an innocent
babe.
Watu, ir6'///". + still, yet, notwithstand-
ing that, "iuhen used in a pro-
test j edi ovovanga ngeye
nkundi ame watu e mbongo
zame zau oyiyanga, you say
that you are my friend, yet you
steal my goods.
Wau, \adv., see under uma. The
owau, ] article is generally prefixed
when it implies now, and ab-
sent when it is used of man?ier,
or some other time, or during;
owau tuzeye, now we know ;
wau kavovele, so he said.
owau i bosi, conj., now indeed, now
at length.
wau, of time during, while, when ;
wau kekwendanga, while he
was going.
wau kadi, eonj., now that, be-
cause ; wau kadi kwenda
nkwenda kidingalala diaka
I Wau, continued.
ko, because or now that I am
going I will stop no longer,
wau ki- (kolo understaod), adv.,
while ; wau kilele wantu,
; while the men slept.
wau kina vo or kinana vo, wau
vo, tw//'., seeing that, since, now
' that, forasmuch as, for, because ;
wenda asadi e salu wau vo
ifutidi, go & work then, now
that I have ])aid you ; wau VO,
ntel' audi ukufi, for he was
too short.
I i muna wau nkutu . . . ndivo,
conj.y notwithstanding that,
even when, although, even
though ; see sentence under wi-
: ngi, App.
wau nkutu, conj., even when.
i...wau, says, said ; okala VO kadi,
i yandi wau, kwiza nkwiza,
for, said he, I will come.
Wavo=wa ovo.
Wawana, v.i.+to accord, concord,
be in tune or harmony, har-
monize.
Wawanisa, v.t., to set in tune, har-
monize.
, Wayi, 12, ;/., slavery, bondage.
' Wazi (12) wansi (2) a vuvu (6) or
I moyo (3), n., skin diseases often
, appear to be getting better, only
I to break out worse again ; hence
I false hopes, hope against hope.
i sia wazi wansi a vuvu, to
I raise false hopes, to cause to
I hope against hope.
I kala yo wazi wansi a vuvu, to
i entertain false hopes, to hope
against hope.
We==wa+e ; see under wa, App.
-awele-wele, a., cut in short or small
I pieces, of cassava only.
Wesomoka, v.i., to be crushed or
broken or shattered to atoms or
pieces.
Wete (Bako.)--=:wa ete, listen !
-awete,
I wawete ! well done ! good ! When
30
Wet-Wo*^
( 930 )
"Wete, continued.
the King of Kongo is pleased
with a gift, &c., he exclaims
wawete ! & a shout of wawete
is taken up all over the town ;
when that has subsided, he
makes such remarks as he
thinks fit.
wete-fiole "\(i2), adv.^ it will be a
wete-wete J pity if... not, it would
be better to..., it would indeed
be best to..., happy indeed (if)
... ; wete-fiole kwenda, it
would be far better to go ; there
is a threat or expected disaster
implied whefi these words are
used.
Widikila, v.t. (Bako.) = winikina,
p. 461.
Wila, 2^./. + to listen to, obey.
Wingi, 12, ;/,, abundance, multitude,
great number, the greatness ;
ke bena ya owu havola dio ko
ye mbizi wingi, they cannot
draw it on account of the num-
ber of fish.
wingi, what great, how great ;
mambu wingi, the great
things which, what great things.
yo (&c.)...o wingi, so, so much
that, so hard or well that, in
' such a manner that, by the
abundance or greatness, be-
cause... so many ; yo sala
wingi basadidi bavangidi
mateva matatu miina Inmbu
kimosi, they worked so hard
that they made 3 mats in one
day ; ye mbizi wingi e
ekonde balembi dio tunta,
because there were so many
fish they were unable to drag
the net.
mu wingi... kwa, how great. ..for;
e nzola ina mu wingi, kwa
Nzambi kafwa wantu e
nkenda, i muna wau nkutu
bena vo wantu ambi ndivo
tuma ketuma Mwana andi
keza kubavuluza, how gteat
Wingi, continued.
was that love, for God to take
pity on men, even though they
were wicked, He sends His Son
to save them.
Wisiswa,\6, ;/., a means of enforcing
Wiswa, J obedience, a delegated
authority.
Wizana, v. recip., to listen to another,
consider one another's interests,
to get on well together.
Wokela, 9, «., abounding, abundance.
Wokelesa^wokesa, p. 462.
Wolakana, 7>., to be corruptible.
Wolezia, 6, ;/., something rotten, de-
cayed, putrid.
Wombesa, 2/./'., to carry safely through
danger.
Wombo, 12, ;/. (Solongo), the brain.
"Wompodia, 6, ;/., a pot-hole, a great
cavity.
Wonanana yo tulu {pi. 10), 2/,, to sleep
heavily.
Wondoka, v.i.
wondoka yo tulu [pi. 10), v., to fall
asleep, to drop asleep.
Woneneka yo tulu {pi. id), v.t., to
cause heavy sleep.
Wondeleka, v.t., to soothe, pacify,
console.
Wondelela, v.t., beseech, beg, entreat,
urge strongly, exhort, urge to
gentleness, kindness, goodness,
or the putting away of anger or
annoyance, to soothe passions ;
hence also to sing a lullaby.
Wonso, 12, ;/., all things, everything
{abstract only) ; utusamunwini
wonso wavovele e mfumu, he
told us all that the chief said.
wonso following the 7101171, some,
any, some... <7r other, /;/ 7iega-
live sente7ices, at all, a single ;
muntu wonso, some one ; ka-
bongele ma wonso ko, he did
not take anything at all or a
single thing ; e tandu mvu
Wonso, some time or other.
Wonzaziana, ?'., to exhort one an-
other.
(931 )
WoN-Wuv
Wonzolola, v,t., to collect little by
little.
Wotoka, t'./,, to be concave, shrunken
in,
rotomoka, z/j'.+to subside (of the
earth when it caves in).
owu,
owu diakalanga, I suppose ; owu
diakalanga kwenda kekwe-
nda, I suppose that he is
going.
ke vwa owu wa...ko + not to be
able to or have any means of
not to dare to ; kavwidi owu
kanikuna ko, he dared not
move,
Wudika (muna), 7'./., to cause to fall
(against or down upon).
Wula, 7a/., to dash, hurl.
Wulama (muna), vd., to be dashed
or fall (against or down upon),
beat (against).
Wumba, 12, ;/. When a married
couple have lost several chil-
dren by death, the witch doc-
tor (nganga a moko or manga)
will frequently recommend that
they be brought under the spell
of wumba (kota wumba).
When the doctor arrives, the
woman has a *' hand "' of plan-
tain placed upon her head, &
holds it with her right hand ;
her left hand has a rope tied to
it, &: a man leads her by it, cry-
ing, Muntu nteka ; the doctor
answers, Twasa e "boba kiokio
yansumba kwame, nanga
wuta kawuta. The man de-
mands 3,000 strings of beads ;
the doctor pays 3 single beads
& takes the woman ; he throws
away the plantains, saying,
katula e dinkondo diadi,
dianu olembi wutila wau
onatanga e dinkondo diadi
vana ntu aku. Me cuts the
rope from her hand, & an
elam"bu (fetish feast) is pre-
pared of fragments of goat ^
"Wumba, continued.
pig, flesh & fish, «& eels, & the
couple partake; the doctor pre-
scribes a konko (taboo) that
neither may eat goat flesh any
more ; he may except the
woman, if she objects before-
hand to such abstinence.
Wuminina, v.i., to dry up (of things
not liquids), to wither (of a
member).
Wumunu, 6, //. (Bako.)=vumwinu,
App.
Wumwa mwini (3), 7/., be dried up
by the sun, have all the trouble
of working in the sun.
Wunda, 7'./., to tarry, stay or remain
for a while, stop (at), reside (for
a time), sojourn, lodge.
Wunguka, v.i., to depart, go away,
leave, of many -people or f/iings
only.
Wungulula, 7/,/. + to gather up & clear
or take away {of anything^ bitt
primarily of zvceds).
Wuntu, 12, ;/., human nature, human-
ity, manhood.
-awuntu, a.^ of human nature, human,
natural.
Wunzulula, 7/./'.+to sip up (a few
drops of liquid left in a vessel),
to dabble (as a duck in the
mud).
Wuta, 9, n., bearing.
Wuta, 9, ;/., sonnie, girlie, dear child,
an affectionate way of address-
ing & sometimes of speaking of
one's own children ; nza e
wuta ! come, sonnie !
Wutukianwa yo, v.i., to be of the
same mother as.
Wutukilu, ) 6, n., the nature
Wutukilwa, j natural condition or
habit.
Wutwa, 6, n., offspring.
Wuya, 6, 7/.=kimpumbulu, p. 298.
Wuyana, 7'./., to become very drunk
_& furious, become raving mad.
Y-Ya
( 932
Y in Solongo generally becomes w in
Kongo.
Ya-, iJiis ^prefix is added to the pass,
pronotms ame, aku, andi, eto,
eno, an, in the sense of fellow-,
one's special ; the combination
is indeclinable, i.e. undergoes
no concord change ; makangu
yame,my special friend, friends ;
etoko yandi, his chum ; ndu-
mbizi yandi, her special friend
(girl) ; mwana yeto, our
playmate ; e mpofo, OVO ofidi-
di e mpofo yandi bekoboka
muna ewnln, if the blind lead
the blind (his fellow blind man),
they will both fall into the pit ;
ke mnsa siswa etadi vana
ntandn a etadi yandi ko,
there shall not be left therein
one stone upon another (its
fellow)— Lnka xxi. 6 ; wantu
yeto, our fellow-men.
ya is also prefixed to nkwa in the
same way, & is equivalent to
fellow- ; nkwa salu yankwa
ame ye ekesa yankwa ame,
my fellow-servant & fellow-
soldier,
ya, with iinnatiiral negative^ with-
out, but not ; nwadi kio vava
ya kiaii ke nnmoni, you shall
seek it, but shall not find it.
Ya konso=konso.
ya placed between two words re-
peated sig7iijics that it is genuine
& unadulterated ; malavu-ya-
malavn, pure wine ; tiya-ya-
tiya, unadulterated gunpowder;
wolo-ya-wolo, pure gold,
ya (ye or yo) is used (a) in a?t in-
terrogative se?itence before the
object of the ve?-b when one
is altogether ignorant as to
whether there was any previous
inte?ition to perform the actio?i,
Ya, continued.
and there is only a desire iv
know whether it happened to lu
performed. It may be used als<
(b) in a narration 7C'hen some-
thing was done without any
previous intention or expecta-
tion. It is perhaps best ex-
pressed^ if at all, in English by
some part of the verb to happen
before the pj'edicate, and often
the further use of some, any, a
certain, before the object; (a)
nga wasukwila ekulu yo mo-
ko e ? did you (happen to) wash
your hands first ? nga omona-
nga ye ma e ? do you (happen
to) see anything? nga kwayi-
Bukulwila nkutu ya moko ko
e ? and did you not wash your
hands.? nga kumonanga ya
ma ko e? do you not see
anything ? nga kumonanga
ya nsoni ko e ? are you not
ashamed of yourself ? vana
ezandu nga osumbidi vo ye
mbizi e ? did you (happen to)
buy any meat on the market ?
(b) ngyele kuna evata diandi,
mbwene ko yo muntu wina
ye mbele, I went to his town &
(happened to see or) saw there
a man with a knife ; mpandi
sanga nwabaka ye mbizi, you
will be sure to catch some fish ;
kimwene ko ya muntu wina
ya mbele ko, I did not (happen
to) see any one with a knife.
It is also thus used in imper-
sonal constructions, and is fre-
quently untranslated; vena yo
muntu, there is {or happens to
be) a man ; vatelamene yo ona
nzolele beni, there stood there
him whom I much love. ///
any case it is clearly i)}iplied
that the eve?tt was not precofi-
certed or to have been a7iiici-
pated, it is something unex-
pected., it happens, it chances.
( 933 )
Ya-Yau
Ya, vj. (Bako.), to be cooked, burnt,
done or cooked enough, to be
consumed by fire.
Yabala, 7'./., to scream, shout, yell,
cry (as a baby).
Yaka, ^./., to throw up the mpanza
& catch them Ijcforc casting
them.
yaka o zunu (13), v.^ to catch any
one up in his speech.
Yakama, ?'./., to take upon one's self,
to arrogate, to be a busy-body.
Yakinu, adv. + yet, still ; yakinu
nsonso zole ngina zau, I have
still two nails.
yakinu, followed by a negative
clause, adv., as yet, (not) yet.
Yaku, see ya-, App.
Yaku, prep. -\-or\, upon ; wele tunta
wanda muna maza yaku
eseke, he went & drew the net
out of the water upon the land.
Yakula, ) v.f., to answer in anti-
Yakulula,J phonal singing, to take
up (some refrain), to sing a
chorus.
Yakulula, v.t., to take up & carry on
or through or to aid in the pio-
secution of some enterprise.
Yakwele mvu, adv., for ever, ivith
negative never.
Yalangana, vd., to spread, be com-
municated from one to the
other ; also to spread out or ex-
tend widely, broadly (used only
of a stationary condition ; there
is no notion of spreading further
& further).
Yalangesa, v.t., spread out.
Yambana, v., to be on the most inti-
mate terms, have the closest
relations ; see yambika, the in-
ference being that there is al-
most a community of goods ;
heiice,
yambana muna mpasi ovo mu
wete, to sympathise in sorrow
or joy.
Yambika, v.t., to leave (a thing) not
in the charge of any one.
Yambika moko (9), v., to impose
hands, to lay on hands {an im-
portant part of the ceremony of
conferring a dignity or chieftain'
ship).
Yambila, 7>d. (Bako.)+to converse,
to talk with = moka.
Yambukwa ntima (4) or moyo (3),
v., to make up one's mind, to
come to a decision.
Yame, see ya-, App.
Yamu,j?^;rA
e diambu yamu ludi, true indeed
it was, it was only too true, it is
quite clear, it is very certain.
yamu...ya..., prep., used of future
time only, from. ..to..., ...by... ;
yamu lumbu ya lumbu, from
day to day or day by day {fut.).
Yana, dem. pron , cl. i, pi., ■^rd pos.
emphatic, used only after the
verbal particle i ; i yau yana,
those are they ; i yeno yana,
you are they, it is you who.
Yandala, 7'./.-f to inquire about, after.
Yandi, see ya-, App.
Yangalala, vd.-\-\.o be fine & warm
[of the weather (kuma (9)
ku-)]
Yanginu= yakinu, App.
Yangumuna, 7A/.-fto stir up, rouse,
incite.
Yani (Bako.) = yandi.
Yanikwa, vd., to be put out in the
sun ; nkaka ame yanikwa-
yanikwa wayanunwa, my
grandfather is a very helpless
old man ; he cannot get out of
the house by himself, i.e. has to
be helped in & out of the house
(sun).
Yanza, v.i., to be clever, have one's
wits about one ; mwana ame
otomene yanza, my boy knows
what he is about.
Yasinte, 2, n., Jacinth.
Yaspe, 2, n., jasper.
Yasumbate, adv., until ; see sumbate,
App.
Yau, see ya-, App.
Vav-Yid
( 934 )
Yavana, co/ij. + nnii\, to the end that,
so that.
ke yavana ko, not sufficiently, not
enough ; ngangu kena zau
kansi ke yavana ko, he is
artful, but not quite artful
enough.
yavana ke...ko, so long as, ...not
until, before. The negative is
used in Kongo when, for em-
phasis, yavana is placed at the
commencement of the sentence;
yavana kiayizidi ko kunya-
mbula kakota ko, until I
come, do not let him in (///. so
long as I have not come or be-
fore I come).
Yaya, va.-\-to be under discussion,
much talked about.
Yaya, 6, «., a cry of exultation.
vana e yaya, to utter such a cry.
Yayakiana, tJ., to cry, scream, squall
(as an infant).
Yayidila, vJ., to show kindness, re-
ceive or treat very kindly, cor-
dially.
Yayisa, 7^/., to render— the subject of
general discussion & talk.
Yeboka, 7/j., to be mature, ripe.
ke yeboka ko, to be immature, pre-
mature.
Yedima, ?'./., shine brightly, gleam, to
be clear as crystal &. bright.
Yeka (Zombo), 7a, to let, allow.
Yeka ani=yambula ele, let.
Yekama,
yekama e nima a kiandu (5), ?'./.,
to lean back in one's chair, a
euphemism for to die, spoke?i of
a great chief
vo nuwa e pi-i iyekamene, if you
listen, you will hear it (my
walking staff) lodged (against
something), i.e. with this I con-
clude, finis.
Yekama, v.^ to be subject to.
Yekola, ■<'./'., to give up, resign, hand
over, betray.
Yela, 7/.Z., to lose (in gambling, war or
disputes),
Yela, 7^./,+ to be sick, sometimes mad'
ness is insinuated^ hence to be
out of one's mind or to be mad
after, have a foolish weakness
for (something) ; yela keyela,
he is crazy.
Yelwa, 7'., to lose (money, tScc, in
gambling, &c.).
Yemba (Kib.),?'./., to copulate,
Yemba, v.t. (Bako.), to steal.
Yemba makaka {pi. 8), 7'., to laugh
very heartily.
Yendelo, 6, ?;., a means of going,
Yenganana, 7A==zenganana.
Yenga-yenga, v,t. ^ lunga-lunga,
App.
Yengela, 7'., to be full to overflowing,
only iised as below : —
mansanga 'pi. 7, ma-) yengela
muna meso 0? meso (ma-)
yengela mansanga, the eyes
became filled with tears.
yengela or yo mazi {pi. 7), ?'., to
be full of fat, very fat.
Yengeneka, 7'./.=zengeneka, App.
Yengola meso {pi. 7), 7^., to look
longingly at.
Yengoloka, 7^., to cry out aloud in
song, sing loudly.
Yeno, 6, «., udder.
Yeno, see ya-, App.
Yenzomoka, v.i., flow out slowly (as
viscid licjuids).
Yeto, see ya-, App.
Yeva, 7/./.-|-grow stout.
Yeza, 7/./.=veza, p. 447.
-ayezi, «., see kiezi, App.
Yi, 12, ;/., dung, excrement.
-yi-, formative prefix of the reflexive
form in tenses which lose the
ku-.
Yidi, 6, ;/., a foolish person, a fool, a
useless wight.
kitula e yidi, to make a fool of, to
treat as a fool, inhumanly.
Yididika, 7/./., to render very bulky.
Yididilwa, 7/., to have it grow dark
about one, be benighted, be-
lated, to sit up late, to be be-
nighted mentally, in the dark,
(935 )
Yiu-YuN
Yididilwa, contimied.
■ ignorant about (a matter), in a
state of ignorance, to have (a
matter) slip from one's mind,
to forget (for the time being).
Yidima, t/./., to grumble, mutter to
one's self ; to roar (of the fire
or furnace).
Yidimiana, •?'./., to complain, grumble,
one against the other.
Yidimina, 7'./., to grumble, complain,
mutter one's dissatisfaction
about or to (somebody else).
Yika, T/.A, to rebuke, also to order,
give instructions to.
Yikesa, z/.A, to support (a matter),
second, join in.
Yikilwa, 6, ;/., an article {grant.).
Yikula, v.t., to add to, increase,
qualify {gram.).
Yilalala, v.i., to be very bulky.
Yilwa, 7'./., to be instructed in the art
& mystery of witch doctoring.
Yima muna ntima, v.t., to come into
one's mind or head (of an idea),
to occur to one ; diyimini
l^ft muna ntima andi, it came into
^^v his head.
^^Primwa muna ntima, v., to have
^^^ come into one's head.
Yimba, ?/./., to pounce upon, seize,
catch.
Yinda, v.i., to be constantly threaten-
ing to rain & again clearing a
little, be very uncertain (of the
weather) ; to explode very
slowly & after much fizzing (of
bad gunpowder).
Yinda, v.t.^ to compose (a speech,
poetry, (Src.) ; also to sing an
ode at the grave of a great man
who has been buried some time,
begging for blessings in hunting,
& presenting the nzabu a me-
nga, p. 406 ; so to sing a psalm
or ode.
Yinduziana, ?'./., to consider one an-
other, to show each other con-
sideration, respect, to give each
the other the preference.
Yinga, 8, ;/. (Bake), a cyst of measles
in pork.
Yingalu, pi. 5, //., habit of carrying
things to excess, excess, lack of
self-control, incontinency, im-
moderation, dissoluteness, las-
civiousness.
Yisa, v.t. (Bako.), to cook sufficiently,
burn.
Yisu, 6, ;/., greenness, rawness, un-
cooked condition.
Yitakiana, v.i.^ to be puzzled, at a
loss to know how to do or
understand something, to be
perplexed.
Yitakianwa, 7/./., to be the subject of
perplexity.
Yitalala, 7'./., to be overshadowing,
to be lowering (of the weather).
Yitalela, v.t., to overshadow, en-
shroud ; tombe kiyitalela e
lekwa yawonso, darkness en-
shrouds everything.
Yiva, 7'./., to be, become bad.
Yivisa, 7/./., to vilify, make bad.
Yizama, 7'./., to bend, bow down.
Yizika, v.t., to bend, bow down.
Yo^pl. 6, ;/., heat.
Yondo, 6,;;., a plumed tuft, a tuft of hair.
Yosona, v.t., to beat cruelly.
Yovo (=yo ovo) y' ovo, conj., and
that.
Yovona, v.t, to beat cruelly.
Yoya, 7'.z.-fto be unable to do any-
thing further, «& so let things
take their course, to give up,
give way.
Yoyelo, 6, ;/., weakness.
Yukisa, v.t., to render accustomed to,
to accustom.
Yukwa, 7'., to be used to, accustomed
to.
Yulula, v.t. (Bako.)-vilula, p. 448.
Yulumuka, v.i., to hang down to the
ground (of drapery).
Yuna, deJH.pron., cl. i sing., 2,rdpos.
emphatic, used only after the
verbal particle i, he ; i yandi
yuna, it is he ; 1 mono yuna,
it is I.
Yun-Zav
(936)
Yunga, 8, ;/. (Bako.), the unicorn
beetle, also other fine metallic-
coloured beetles.
Yutu, 6, /?., a relative.
Yutumuka, 7/./.+ to wear a training
robe & come in great state, to
display like a turkey cock.
Za, dcf. aiix.v.,fiif. conseq. siibj.^ to do
after, then (when used of the
past), to then proceed to ; wele
kuna, kaza vova kwa yau vo,
he went there, & hen he said
that— ; una baluaka kima
ezandu baza sumba e ngiilu,
when they reached the market,
they then proceeded to buy a
pig-
-za (is therefore :^bosi). Jizu
wafwa kaza fuluka, Jesus
died & rose again.
Zaba, v.t.^ to dip, immerse, & take up
at once out of the water, bap-
tize.
Zadila, v.t.^ to throng, crowd about.
Zadi-zadi, 6, ;/., quickness, ability in
learning.
-nkwa ntii a zadi-zadi, a quick
learner, one who soon takes a
thing in.
Zala, ^'.z. +to fill, completely occupy,
inside & out (as water in a
sunken boat), to pervade ;
Nzambi ozele mwawonso, God
pervades all space.
zala muna, vd.^ to fill (of the sub-
stance filling) ; maza mazele
muna mbungwa, the water
filled the cup.
Zala, T/.z. + to rise (of the tide).
Zaluluka, v.i.^ to be filled up com-
pletely, of something which
previously had been partly full.
Zalulwisa, v.t.^ to fill up something
which has been partly filled
already.
Zamba, v., to give a present, pay for
a performance, pay ferry or
passage money.
Zamba, 6, ;/., a fringe.
Zananana, 2/./., to be held by the ex-
treme end, to stick far out &
only held by the extreme end ;
also to have a rough, irregular,
untrimmed edge.
Zangama, 6, ;z., the last small "hand"
of plantain or bananas on a
bunch (the perquisite of the
man who cuts the plantain).
Zangananwa ntima (4), v.^ to be
troubled in one's mind.
Zangata, v.f., to mention (with re-
spect), name, allude to.
Zangikilwa, 6, ;/., a stand.
Zanginika ntima (4), v., to be
anxious, troubled in mind, to
make anxious.
Zangumuka, v.i.^ to rise, get up (a
superior may use this to an in-
ferior, but never vice versa).
Zaninika, v.t.^ to hold just at the
extreme end, to cause the edge
to be rough.
e zanu, 6, ;/., the complete absence
of all fear or respect, insubor-
dination.
"baka or kitula e zanu, T/./'.=za-
nuna, App., but may be used
with abstract nouns ; also to
have no compunctions in refer-
ence to — ; an animal which has
used a track so often that it has
no longer any suspicion or fear
of it is said to kitula e nzila e
zanu.
Zanuna, v.t., to be no longer afraid
/ of, lose all fear with regard to,
' '- lose respect for, to do as one
^''Y^^ likes with. An evil or depreci-
atory idea is always present
ivhen zanuna is used^ never
loving confidence ; it cannot be
used with abstract nouns.
Zavuna, v.t., to bite & tear.
Zavuti, 6, ;/., the rough edge of torn
cloth or of broken wood*
( 937
Zaw-Zev
Zawulu, 6, n. (Bako.), a spoon (=
zalu).
Zaya, v. (to know), is often used where
it would be more correct to say
imagine, conclude, fancy, &c. ;
i nzaya nzeye vo wayele, that
is why I fancied (knew) that
you were gone.
zaya vo, see under sia, i sia o
zaya vo, & kisamuna, App.
Zayi, 12, ;/.
nkwa zayi, a wise person, one of
good sense ; hence^ a generous
person, // being assumed that
generosity is wisdom.
Zayilu, 6, n., a means of knowing.
Zazana, v.i.^ to bewail, lament with
gesticulations of grief, throwing
up the hands & knocking one's
self about.
Zatuna, z'Y. + to jerk off.
Zazuna, ^./.= zatuna, p. 477 & App.
Zeboka, 7/./., to become limp, flabby,
faint, wearied, weak ; also to
become foolish, act like a fool.
Zekana, v.^ to strive together in dis-
pute, to dispute, wrangle,
struggle (with a heavy load).
Zeke, 6, «. = zieka, App.
Zelele, 6, n.^ a mass of people, but
used only with vu; thus e VU
ye zelele kina ko, an immense
host of people were there.
Zeloka, 7/., to dismount (from a ham-
mock), to be put down from a
nursing sling.
Zeloka, v.i.^ to melt (of metals).
Zelola, v.t.^ to melt (metals).
Zelola, 2/./"., to take out or set down
from (a nursing sling).
Zelomona, 7/./.+ to melt down.
Zembalala, T/.z.-fto hang helplessly
(as a broken limb or in a place
of danger).
Zembama, v.i.^ to be swung or sup-
ported in a hammock or on
a nursing band, to get into a
hammock.
Zembeka, v.t., to carry (an infant in
a sling).
Zembeleka, v.t., to drape, hang (cur-
tains, flags, &c.).
Zenga e ntalu (2), v., to agree upon
or fix a price.
Zenganana, ?/./., to be dumbfounded,
to have not a word to say for
one's self, be astonished, as-
tounded.
Zenganana, v.i.^ to be treated with-
out respect, profaned ; see ze-
ngeneka, App.
Zengeneka, v.t.^ to nonplus, to leave
...not a word to reply, to leave
no room for reply, to dumb-
found, astound.
Zengeneka, ?/./., to treat without the
least respect, to be utterly re-
gardless of value, importance
or sacredness of things, to pro-
fane ; see nzengenga, App.
ZengO, 6, «., the proper or usual
height (for — ), high or low water
mark, pitch, highest or lowest
pitch, line of limit in height or
depth, the lines of the tropics,
the trajectory of a bullet, the
proper elevation of a gun.
Zengomoka, v.i.^ to act madly, like
a fool, to become infuriated,
to be seized with a frenzy, be
carried away, be beside one's
self.
Zenzomoka, vd.^ to flow out slowly
as thick viscid fluids.
Zepka, 7AZ., see zeboka, App.
Zeolola, 7/., to impart, give or bestow
a small quantity of something
of which one has plenty to
another.
Zetona, 2, «. (P. azeitona; Heb.
zeth or zethan), olive tree, an
olive.
mazi ma zetona, olive oil.
Zevo, 6, 71. (Bako.), the chin.
ozevo weyi (at the end of the pro-
position) ; ///. what about ...
then, how much more, much
less ; omono kwame ovo ki-
lendi kota ko, ongeye ozevo
weyi, if I may not enter, much
3 P
Zev-Zin
(938
Zevo, continued.
less you {lit. what about you
then ?)
Zewoka,
Zewuka,
Zeyalala, v.i., to be fastened loosely.
Zeyeleka, v.t., to fasten loosely (tie,
nail, braid, &c.).
Zeze, 12, «. =uzeze (App.).
Zi in the Dictionary appears as ji.
Ziaku, 2, n. (P. — ?), one who is ac-
cursed.
Ziatalala, ?/./., to hang closely, tightly,
to or from, hold on tightly, to
be fastened (upon), to be severe,
unsparing toward.
Ziatidika, v.t., to fasten... (upon), to
cause to be severe, &c., as
above.
Ziatidila, v.i.^ to fasten (itself upon).
Zieke, 6, «., a plant of the order of
the musaceae (Strelitzia). Its
leaves branch from a subter-
raneous root-stock, and there
is no stem of any kind. It
bears a banana-like fruit full
of seed.
Zietakana, v.i.., to be entirely for-
gotten.
Zietakanwa, v.i.., to have lost all
recollection of, to have entirely
forgotten.
Zieziana, v.i.., to be off the track,
wander blindly.
Ziezianisa, v.t., to give evasive an-
swers, to put on the wrong
track, to show the wrong road.
Zika ye nzala (2), 2/., to be hungry,
starve.
Zikamena itnid. of zikidila), v.i., to
be shut in or out, excluded.
Ziki-ziki, 6, ;?., a special pointing out,
indication, means of identifi-
cation.
-aziki-ziki, adj., indicative, demon-
strative.
Zikinisa, v.t.., to specially indicate,
point out.
Zikn, 6, «. + reliability, also faithful-
ness to one's marriage vows,
reliability in such matters ;
hence^ chastity.
nkwa ziku, one who can be relied
upon, who is trustworthy.
sia e ziku, v.t.^ to make sure.
-aziku, a.., firm, sure, reliable, trust-
worthy, also chaste.
Zikuka, v.i.., to be at perfection, in
the prime of life, in the flower
of one's age, to be at one's best,
be perfect, in one's zenith, to
have completed one's education,
be very clever.
Zikuka, 9, n., the prime of life, the
flower of one's age, perfection.
Zikula, v.t., to come to the point or
the crux or to business, to treat
the principal matter of a pala-
ver, to say what one wants to
say, to bring to perfection,
maturity, know thoroughly,
bring one's studies, plans,
hopes, &c., to a full and satis-
factory end ; ozikwidi e ki-
fwalansa kiandi, he has per-
fected his French ; se tuzi-
kula makani meto, let us
now accomplish our plans ;
ekoko diame dizikwidi
kokola, my fowl is a full-blown
rooster (is in full crow).
Zikumuka, v., to rush along, whirl (as^
a whirlwind or wheel).
Zikwa, 6, 7t., burial, funeral.
Zimbula, v.t., to find, find out, dis-
cover.
Zinaziana moyo (3), v., to long
ardently for each other.
Zindalala, v.i., to be persistent,
patiently plod on, persevere,
obstinately hold on, endure.
Zinga, 6, n., a hole or pool left by a
river at low water.
Zingidilwa, v.i., to be in trouble (as
a mourner).
Zingila, v.i., to last a long while, con-
tinue, endure, remain, remain
long (at a place).
zillga=to live or remain alive in
( 939 )
ZiN-ZUM
] Zingila, continued.
use or without wearing out ;
zingila, to last long.
Zingnla e efundu (8), v., to present
^^m as a contribution at the en-
^^^B shrouding of a corpse.
^^^■Iguluka, v.i.^ to last, endure, stay
^^H (a long time), be a long time,
tarry, live a long time.
Zinwa o moyo (3), v., to be very
wishful for or to — , to desire
earnestly to, to long for ar-
dently.
Ziola, v.t., to smooth out a crease.
When a Kongo has been carry-
ing a heavy weight for a long
while, on arriving at a halting-
place he will lie on the ground
to undergo an operation of
"massage" or shampooing d,
la mode J he gets a man to
walk slowly up and down on
his back as he lies, and to press
all the muscles. This is ziola,
** to take out the creases." His
head and upper part of the
body is next bent back as far
as possible, and all the
"creases" being taken out,
the patient feels refreshed,
and takes a quiet nap.
Ziongola, v.t., to find, see.
Ziongola, v.t.^ to do one's best to
ascertain somethi
ig, mvesti-
gate, scrutinize.
Ziongola, -z/./., to make a round hole.
Ziotola, v.t.^ to want very much,
Ziotola, z/./., to bring up, revive some
old affair, also to mention,
speak of or about, not used of
or to one's betters.
Ziotolola, v.t., to say over and over
again, not used of or to one's
betters.
Zita, v.i., to be honoured, respected,
honourable.
Zitalala, 7/./.=zindalala, App.
Zitu, 12, «.
kubikila zitn (12), v., to prepare
for the reception of a guest.
Zitn, 6, «., load, burden, charge.
Zitnka, t/./.-j-to assume a healthy
appearance (of an ulcer).
Zinngana, v.i. (Bako.), to be stirred,
twisted round.
Ziungasa, v.t. (Bako.), to stir a pot,
to twist round.
-azizi, a.
ntima (4) azizi, a patient, plodding
disposition.
Zizi, 6, «., appearance, face, counte-
nance.
Zizila, v.-\-\.o bear stoically, patiently.
Zo, 6, n., a single plant.
Zoba-zoba, 6, ;?.=nkenka, p. 494.
-azoko-zoko, «., perforated or bored
in many places.
Zolela, 6, n.
kuna zolela, adv., voluntarily, of
— own free will.
Zolelwa, v., to be wanted, demanded,
to be obliged to (do something) ;
ezono yazolelo kwenda, yes-
terday I had to go.
Zolesela, v., to require, to desire ;
nnzolesele kenda, he wanted
or required him to go.
Zongela, v.t.., to sell retail (of dry
measure goods).
Zongolo, 6, n., a ring (circular mark),
a round hole.
Zonzomoka, v.i., to poke out, stick
out, protrude, of a point only.
-azowa, a., fooHsh, absurd (of matters,
&c., not people, which takes
-ezowa).
Zubana, t'.z., to be much distressed,
troubled, intensely grieved.
Zudika, v., to cause to stand quite
still.
Zllka, 6, «., a sum loaned on interest,
a loan.
Znka matadi {pL 8), v., to stone.
Zula, 6, n. (from the root of zudika,
to mass), a nation, a great fol-
lowing.
Zulama, v.i., to stand quite still.
Zumbalala, v.i., to stand still in
frightened perplexity & appre-
hension.
ZUM-ZWA
940 )
Zumbi, 6, «., luck, good fortune,
chance.
Zumbidika, 7/./., to cause to stand
still, as above.
Zumbulu, 6, n., the whirling past of
things seen by one in rapid
motion, parallax.
Zumbululu, 6, ;?., intensive form of
above.
Zumbuluka, v.i., to be worried or
crazed with many cares &
duties, to have " too many irons
in the fire,'' to be full of
cares.
Zunanana, v.i.^ to hang down (from).
Zundalala, v.i., to stand high up, be
prominent.
Zundidika, v.t, caus. of above.
Zunga, 6, n.^ the surrounding country,
the neighbourhood, a district.
Zungana, v.i.^ go about in all direc-
tions (as one searching for
something lost).
Zungumuka, v.i.-V\.o twist aside, be
distorted, go over to the other
side <?r party.
Zuninika, v.t.^ to hang (something)
down (from).
Zunu, 13, «.
yaka zunu, to catch any one up
in his speech.
Zuwana, ?/./., to be going about, very
busy, bustling about ; also to
be rapidly revolving ; mu zu-
wana, adv.^ in rapid revolution.
Zuzuna, v.t., to pull & break (a rope
or chain).
Zwabula, v.t., to scourge, lash, beat
(with a rope, thong, lash, rod
or small thin stick).
i
Butler & Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Frome, and London.
WORDS ACQUIRED TOO LATE FOR INSERTION.
ENGLISH-KONGO.
And, see nsangi, in late words.
Announce, ^./.,zangata,talalakesa.
Announced, be, v.i., talalakiana.
Annoyed, be, v.i., flsima.
Ants, a nest of, «., ezunzu, 8.
Appearance, w., tongameno, 6.
As well as, see nsangi, in late
words.
Aside, adv., muna mpeko (2).
Astride, stand, v.i., tamanana.
Beat time (in music), v.., klima.
Breathless impatience, «., esaka-
Bribe, n., nzimbu (2), za mfwanda
(2).
Burn fiercely, 7/./., sesoka.
But (except), conj., ngatu.
By, see ntente, in late luords.
Carelessly, act, v.t., pampalakesa.
Carry, v.t., kankula.
Cave, «., mvungu, 4.
Cloth, the long front fold of a, n.,
nkonzi, 4.
Combined with,/r^^, mu nsangi (2)
a.
Couple (of living creatures only), «.,
nzole, 4.
Cruelly, act, v., ta e nto (2).
Cruelty, «., nto, 2.
Curse, «., mbaza, 2.
Day by day, adv., nkusn Kiingyende,
lumbn ntente.
'Declare, v.t., zangata.
Delight in, v.t., fwanda.
Die in great numbers, 7/./., lalumuka,
lakumuka.
in consequence of one's devotion,
kankuka.
Enjoy, v.t., fwanda.
Especially, adv., ng^tu.
Except, prep., ngatu.
Excessively, see yavana, in late
words.
Filth, to remove, v.t., kokomona.
Fold of cloth worn in front (long), n.,
mbeka, 2.
Foreign lands, n., wa-ya-wa.
Foster, v.t., tongona.
Grief, hopeless, n., manienge {pi.
8) ; maniota {pi. 8).
Helmia bulbifera, «., esoko, 8.
Hold up, v.t., zangata.
If not, conj., ngatu.
Interpret, v.t., saula.
Itch, v.i., fisima.
Joint, «., eyiku, 8.
Knead, v.t., kandula.
Larynx, «., dinga-dinga, 6 (Bako.).
Law, to break a, v., piampialakesa.
Likeness, ;/., tongameno, 6.
Listen eagerly, v., zakidika matu
ipl- 9).
Lounge about, v., sendomoka.
Martyr's death, to die, v., kankuka.
Mistake, make a, v., piampiala-
kesa.
Muscle, n., ngumbe, 2.
Need (have a use for, need of), ?/.,
vwa mfunu (4) ; vwa
iikinzi (4).
3^1
Nor-Eyi
( 942 )
Nor, conj., ngatu.
Odds and evens, the game of, n.^
etoka, 8 (Bako.).
Opposite side, the, «., mpiluku, 2.
Pair, «., mb&di, 2.
Patiently, adv., mbwiswa (4) a
moyo (3).
Perhaps, adv., ngatu.
Perish in great numbers, v.i., lalu-
muka, lakumuka.
Pleasure in, take, v.t., fwanda.
Proclaim, v.t., zangata.
Provoke, v.t., saka.
Rear, v.t., tongona.
Reverse side, «., mpiluku, 2.
Shoulder, top of the, w., kinsunsu,
5.
Similarity, n., tongameno, 6.
Small-pox, n., mpimbidi-mbukidi,
2 (Bako.);kinsumbu, 5 (Bako.).
Smegma preputii, ;/., womvo, 12.
So, C071J., dianu vo, diau vo, ozevo.
Sorrow, «., ngunda, 2.
without hope, manienge, pi. 8 ;
maniota, pi. 8.
Spell (evil influence), «., mbaza, 2.
Spot, one of a series of tiny, ;/., no-
nono, 6.
Stand astride, v., tamanana.
Stop doing (not used of motion), ?/.,
kuma.
Stop, continued.
at, make no further progress in what
one is doing, v.t., kumina.
S irength, «., nasi, 4.
Taunt, v., landa mambu {pi. 7).
Tell (relate), v., talalakesa.
Thoughtlessly, act, v.t., pampala-
TlME (in drill), mark ; beat (in music),
v.i., kuma.
Together with, prep., mu nsangi (2)
a.
Told, be (related), v.t., talalakiana.
Toss up the folds of cloth in front of
one, in dancing, v., bala e
mbeka (2), or nlamvu (4),
or nkonzi (4)-
Translate, v.t., saula.
Troubled, be, v.i., fisima.
Truthful person, n., nkwa yeleka
{pi- 5).
Turns, take (stop for one another),
v., kumana.
Unless, conj., ngatu.
Uttermost, see yavana, in late
words.
Warm (of fluids), a., -ankinzi-ampo-
lolo.
Watch suspiciously, v.t., konda.
Welcome, v.t., niengenena.
Yam, Helmia bulbifera, n., esoko, 8.
Year by year, adv., mvu ntente.
KONGO-ENGLISH.
Bala e mbeka (2), or nlamvu (4),
or nkonzi (4), v., to toss up
the folds of cloth in front of
one, in dancing.
Dianu vo, conj. + so.
Diau vo, conj. + so.
Dinga-dinga,*6 (Bako.), «., the larynx.
Ekokola, 8, n., that which sticks to
the pot, when cassava pudding
is cooked. When the ekokola
has become hard and dry, it is
called mbola (2).
Esaka-saka, 8, «., breathless im-
patience.
Esoko, 8, n., Helmia bulbifera, a
species of yam, which bears its
tubers on its vine above the
ground ; the wild variety is not
good for food.
Etoka, 8 (Bako.), «., the game of
odds and evens.
Eyiku, 8, «., a joint.
( 943 )
Ezu-Nka
Ezunzu, 8, «., a nest of ants.
Fisima, v.i.^ to itch, be troubled, an-
noyed.
Fwanda, v.t.^ to enjoy, take pleasure
in, delight in ; ke fwandanga
madia mandi ko, he does not
enjoy his food.
Kandula, ta/., to knead.
Kankuka, ?/./., to die in consequence
of one's devotion, to die a mar-
tyr's death.
Kankula, v.t., to carry.
Eieleka, 5, ;;.
nkwa yeleka {pl\ a truthful per-
son.
Kinsumbu, 5, n. (Bako.), small-pox.
KinSTinsu, 5, «., the top of the shoul-
der.
- ankinzi - ampololo, a., warm (of
fluids).
Kokomona, v.t., to remove filth.
Eonda, ?/./. -f-to watch suspiciously.
Kuma, v.i., to stop doing (not used of
motion).
Kuma, 7/./., to mark time (in drill), to
beat time (in music).
Kumana, v.t., to stop (doing some-
thing, not motion) for each
other, to give each other a
chance, take turns.
Kumina, v.t.^ to stop at, making no
further progress in what one is
doing.
Kusn, 6, «.=lTikusu (p. 328).
Lakumiika,Y'z^-z., to perish, die in
Lalumuka, j great numbers.
Landa mambu {pi. 7), v. ■\- to taunt.
Manieilge,~)/J/. 8, ;/., sorrow, hope-
Maniota, ) less grief, sorrow with-
out hope.
Mbadi, 2, ;/., a pair, a couple (of
things which always go in
pairs).
Mbaza, 2, «., a curse, or spell, or
some evil influence, which
causes one to be always in
trouble.
Mbeka, 2, «., the fold of cloth (long)
worn in front. (This word is
used in reference to those much
respected.)
mbwiswa (4) a moyo (3), adv,,
patiently.
Mfanu, 4, ;/.
vwa mfunu, 7/. -I- to have a use
for, need of ; also^ to be of use,
useful ; mpwidi e lekwa kiaki
mfunu, I have need of this
thing ; e lekwa kiaki kivwidi
mfunu kikilu, this thing is
very useful.
Mfw^anda, 2, n.
nzimbu za mfwanda, a bribe.
Monzi, 3, n. (Bako.), the penis.
Mpeko, 2, «., the side (of a path) ;
bank (of a river).
muna mpeko, adv.^ on one side,
aside.
Mpiluku, 2, «., the reverse, the oppo-
site side.
Mpimbidi-nibukidi, 2, n. (Bako.),
(I swelled and burst), small-pox;
also^ a sickness resembling an
attenuated form of small-pox ;
chicken-pox (?).
Mvungu, 4, «., a cave.
Mwalakazi, 3, n. + one who evidences
tender affection, as a mother
towards her child (walakazi).
Nasi, 4, «., strength.
Ngatu, conj.^ unless, if not. except,
but ; ng&tu kenda, unless he
goes ; ngatu ngeye, except you.
Ngfttu, conj., especially ; after a nega-
tive, nor ; ngatu ngeye,
especially you.
Ngfltu, adv., perhaps ; ngatu unu
kekwiza, perhaps he will come
to-day.
Ngumbe, 2, «., a muscle.
Ngunda, 2, «., sorrow.
Niengenena, v.t., to welcome.
Nkamba, 4, n.
yika nkamba, v., to join in a
crowd of onlookers or partici-
pants.
Nko-Zan
( 944 )
Nkonzi, 4, //., the fold of cloth (long)
worn in front,
Nkusu mingyende, adv., day by day.
Nonono, 6, ?z., a small spot, amo7ig
many such; pL, a number of
small spots aggregated.
Nsangi, 2, ;/., a mixture.
mu nsangi a, prep., together with,
combined with, as well as, and.
Nt§ka, 4, «., a descendant.
Nteka, 2, «.=ntekela (p. 898).
Ntente, 2, n.
lumbu ntente, adv., day by day.
mvu ntente, adv., year by year.
NtO, 2, 71., cruelty.
ta e nto, v., to act cruelly.
Nzole, 4, 71., a couple, two (of nouns
of the 1st class, or living
creatures only).
Pampalakesa, v.t., to act carelessly,
thoughtlessly.
Piampialakesa, v.t., to break a law,
make a mistake.
Saka, v.t., to provoke.
Saula, v.t., to interpret, translate.
Sendomoka, v i., to lounge about.
Sesoka, z'.z., to bum fiercely.
Talalakesa, v.t., to announce, tell, re-
late.
Talalakiana, v.i., to be announced,
told, related.
Tamanana, v.i., to stand astride.
Tongameno, 6, 71., an appearance,
similarity, likeness.
Tongona, v.t., to bring up, rear,
foster.
Vodia,//. 6, n.
langa e vodia, v., stop your noise
(an insolent expression).
Wa-ya-wa, pi. 6, «., (foreign or far-
offlands.
Womvo, 12, ;/., smegma preputii.
Yavana, adv., to the uttermost, ex-
cessively ; a7i elliptical expres-
sion, \xx\\\\..., without 7nention-
i7ig the e7id or possibility ; ku-
ndekena yavana ko, do not
provoke me until I can no
longer restrain myself.
Zakidika matu {pi. 9), v.t., to di-
rect the ears, listen eagerly (to
good news only).
Zangata, v.t., to hold up, announce,
proclaim, declare.
t
A PPENDIX
TO THE
GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX
( 946 )
pronounced as w before it, which is never the case ; it is always nzo zole, two
houses, not nzw ezole.
This principle is seen in other cases also, when a final is pronounced as e
before a word having a consonant initial ; thus : —
Mwana-zumba, a bastardy is pronounced mwane-znmba.
e FINAL.
E final does not elide before a word having an initial e. The only exception
to this rule are the monosyllables se, ne, nze, ke, ye, and e standing alone as
a Particle, these do elide before a and e ; also the e final of eS8, a father,
elides before the initial a and e of the Personal Pronouns.
S' anunu, they are now old, for se anunu.
S' asumuki, they are nozu sinners, „ se asumuki.
S' ekwendanga, he is goi7tj(, „ se ekwendanga.
N' esi nsi ame, like 7ny countrymen, „ ne esi nsi ame.
N' akw' ame, like my people, „ ne akwa ame.
K' akw' ame ko, not my people, „ ke akwa ame ko.
K' evata diame ko, not my town, ,, ke evata diame ko.
Kw' es' andi, to his father, „ kwa ese andi.
-se FINAL.
-se final, in nouns, is often pronounced as shi, in some districts, when fol-
lowed by an initial a or e.
Ndoshi au, their presence, for ndose au.
Munshi ame, my sugar-cafie, „ munse ame.
e INITIAL.
E initial elides after the Article o, vvhich is sometimes placed before it, in
treating the Noun of which it is the initial as a Noun of the First Class.
'yakala (eyakala) : the man.
'zina (ezina) : the corpse, thus euphemistically spoken of
E initial also elides after the final of konso, any (except the e of esi), and
after the \ final ^mwisi, an itihabitant.
Konso 'vata : any town.
Konso 'yakala : any man.
Mwisi 'vata : a man of the town.
Mwisi 'kanda : one of the clan.
E initial elides after the Personal Pronouns, a7id the Demonstrative Prono-
minal Particles i and n.
Pers. Pron. Oyandi 'baba : he, the dumb man.
Omono 'kesa diandi : I, who am one of his soldiers.
Nge 'toko : you, young man.
Pos. Pron. Ediame 'vata : my own town. \
Ediaku 'buluku : your own donkey.
Ediandi 'meme : his sheep.
Edieto 'sikilu : our drum.
( 947 )
Edieno 'sau : your ferry.
Ediau 'yembe : their pigeon.
fern. Pronl. Parts. Eadi u 'baba : for you are dumb.
I 'vata didi : this is the town.
initial does not elide after the Conjunction OVO, ^r, if j although it does
elide after the Locative, OVO, on (second pos.).
Ovo 'teva diaku : on your mat.
Ovo evata dikweme : if the town is burnt.
INITIAL.
initial (prefix to the verb in the second and third pers. sing.) elides after the
Demonstrative Pronominal Particle i and se.
I 'kwendel' o mbazi :
That is why you must go to-morrow.
Mfumu yandi kibeni i 'singa kwiza :
The Lord Himself shall come.
Owau se 'tinini :
Now he has run away.
Owau se 'vovele wo :
Now you have said it.
Owau se 'men' e mpasi :
Now you will have trouble.
Yandi i 'vitidi e lekwa yawonsono :
He was before all things.
FINAL.
final in the Objective Pronouns, mio, kio, dio, fio (that is to say, in those
compounded with i), elides before the Interrogative and Impatient Interject
tion, e.
Nga sumba nsumba ki' e ?
Shall I buy it then 1
Unu tukesa mi' e ?
Shall we fell them to-day }
Nusolwele fi' e ?
Have you found it .'*
Ozevo simbadi' e!
Hold it then !
In the case of the other Objective Pronouns it does not elide.
Ouata zo e ?
Will you carry them
Mbonga lo e ?
May I take it 'i
FINAL.
final in yo elides before the prefix o of Pronouns.
Y' omame masa mpe :
And my corn too.
( 948 )
Euphonic Influence.
A further instance of the remote euphonic influence noted on page 525 is
found in the word menena, Apphed Form of -ina, to be, 3rd pers. pi. 8th class,
instead ofmenina.
mankondo mama, adieyi menena e mbwaki ?
Why are these plantains red .?
Its natural form would be ma-inina, which contracts (p. 524) into menina ;
but the resultant e of the prefix me- causes a further change, and the second i
becomes e, menena ; so that Euphonic law reduces ma-inina to menena.
In some Bantu languages, such as Se-Chuana, the consonantal and other
changes due to Euphony are far more numerous and complicated than in
Kongo.
Contractions.
There are a few well-known contracted words among the Bantu languages,
such as nkento, a wo7najt, from nkazi ntu, or nkazi muntu, which is found
as omukazendu in Herero (Damara-land).
Nkuliintu, an elder, from nkulu-muntu, is another instance ; the irregular
accent being thus accounted for.
Nzo, a house, is found as ndaku in the language of the Bangala (Ba-iboko).
Otherwise there is not much evidence of contraction in Kongo words.
There are a few instances of such influence at work on reduplicated words ;
thus, e kamba-kamba, borne by many, is found also as e kakamba.
The Bakongo also often contract in the case of reduplicated numerals ; thus
they will say ta-tatu instead of tatu-tatu, three each; and ZO-zole for zole-
zole, two each, and so on.
Nondno, a number of tiny spots, is a contraction of nono-nono, from nona, to
pick up.
THE NOUN.
Derivative Nouns.
[p. 533.] • The Twelfth Derivative.
When the Simple Form of the Verb [ltl.,.u (luvangu)] is the basis of the
construction of this Derivative, it is active in its meaning.
When it is formed from the Applied Form of the Verb[lu...ilu (luvangilu)]
the Noun has a passive meaning ; it may, however, be so formed to convey
the idea of the Applied Form, and indicate a means of accomplishing.
Simple Form. Luvangu : the manufacture, how they make.
Applied Form. Luvangilu : the manufacture, how it is made.
The Eleventh Derivative denotes a manner^ an act, a doing; or with the sense
of the Applied Form, what it is miide for.
The Twelfth Derivative, a process, or a purpose for which.
nth Der. Mpanga : a making.
Mpangwa : a being made.
i2th Der. Luvangu : the process of making.
Luvangilu : the process of being made, or the purpose for
which it is made (the being made for).
Often it is not possible to trace these ideas, and where this form is used, it
appears to be adopted as a convenient form to express the abstract idea of the
general performance of the action indicated by the root. The eleventh would
indicate a specific act ; the twelfth the act generally.
The Fifteenth Derivative.
The Prefixes ki- and u- used in the construction of this form, are sometimes
necessarily applied to a Compound Noun, or to a Noun qualified by some word
or clause ; in such case the Prefix is not applied to the qualifying word or
clause. Thus, from mbuta a makesa, captain of soldiers, comes kimbuta a
makesa, a captaincy of soldiers, not kimbuta kia makesa, which would mean
the captaincy of soldiers in another sense, namely, the superiority of soldiers
over ordinary civilians ; so that in this instance, mbuta a makesa is the idea
to which the ki- is to be applied, so mbuta- a-makesa is treated as a Com-
pound Noun, and receives its Prefix accordingly. Any further qualifying word
receives the Prefix also. '
E kimbuta-a-makesa kiame kikatwilu:
My captaincy has been taken away.
Eimwana-a-Nzambi kiandi:
His Sonship with God.
This construction is further referred to in this Appendix, in the Syntax, under
" The Subject, — Compound Nouns."
( 950 )
The Seventeenth Derivative.
The Prefix fi- is applied to any Prefix of the Noun to which it is applied.
Filukaya : a tiny leaf.
Fikinkutu : a tiny coat.
Fidinkondo : a tiny plantain.
The Twenty-first Derivative.
This Derivative, which follows properly on the Seventh, is formed by adding
ilu, elo, inu, or eno to the Verb Stem, according to its Conjugation. It ex-
presses, not the thing which was the instrument of the performance of the
action, as the Seventh does, but the means^ opportunity, circumstances, excuse,
reason, manner, and method. This Derivative is a sixth class Noun.
Baka, to catch ; bakilu, an opportunity or excuse for catching.
Kwenda, to go ; yendelo, a reason for going.
Vova, to say ; VOVelo, a chance or reason for saying.
Classification of Nouns.
Nouns bearing the Prefix ne-, retain either their original class, or become
first class Nouns ; thus, from nunu (cl. 4), dn old man, comes, nenunu (cl. i
and 4), a very old man, or as a first class Noun making its plural in anenunu,
or akinenuuu.
Formation of the Plural.
Nouns in mu-, which make the Plural in miu-, are accented on the u of the
mu-, because the u is radical, hence also its persistence in the Plural.
The rule therefore stands thus : — All Nouns in mu-, which take the accent on
the mu-, form the Plural in miu-. The instances quoted on page 546 will
serve to illustrate this. Mungula, warmth, might be expected to take its accent
on the second syllable as though mungula, but as the accent is on the first
syllable, it is clear that the u is radical, and that the word is a contraction of
mu-f-imgnla, and its Plural is therefore iniH-lingula=inilingula.
Reduplicated Nouns.
The Reduplication of Nouns in the formation of the Diminutive forms, the
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Derivatives, is explained on pages 535-537. Nouns
are also reduplicated to give a partitive idea ; thus, mbele, a knife; mbele-
mbele, a knife each.
Babakidi kimbundi-kimbundi :
They received each of them a piece of cloth.
Ubavana mbele-mbele ye mpu-mpu :
Give them each a knife and a hat.
ADJECTIVES.
On page 563, under the word -nkwa, possessing, havings some sentences are
given illustrating the usage and concord of the word ; while they are useful for
that purpose, they are inappropriate, for -nkwa is only used where the posses-
sion is an acquirement, or a changed condition, and not an original or normal
condition or possession. So that it is correct to speak of those whose hair has
become grey as akwa mvu, for their hair was once of another colour ; but it is
not correct to speak of black people as akwa ndombe, for that is their normal
colour, and as there is no change in that respect, nkwa or akwa cannot be
used.
So, too, the sentences as to black-haired goats, and white-flowering trees are
inappropriate for the same reason, such being their natural condition ; akwa
nzala is a correct expression, for that should scarcely be a permanent or
normal condition.
Quantitative Adjectives.
[p. 564.] -ingi, -ayingi.
When -ingi and ayingi are used intensively or emphatically without the
Nouns they qualify, they take the Prefix proper to the Noun with which they
agree, and prefaced to that, the Article, in all but the first class.
Class— 2 3&4 5&6 7&8 9
Sing.
eyingi
eyayingi
owingi
owayingi
ekingi
ekiayingi
edingi
ediayingi
okwingi
okwayingi
Pltir.
ezingi
ezayingi
emingi
emiayingi
ejringi
eyayingi
omengi
omayingi
omengi
omayingi
Clas
Sing
f— 10 & II
oluingi
oluayingi
12
owingi
owayingi
13
owingi
owayingi
14
ovingi
ovayingi
15
efingi
efiayingi
Plur.
otwingi
otwayingi
owingi
owayingi
omengi
omayingi
omwingi
omwayingi
[p. 565.]
Konso ona obakidi eyingi:
Any one who has obtained many.
Awana balongwa omayingi {or omengi) :
Those who were taught many things.
Ovo bawidi edingi:
If they heard much.
-awonso, -awanso.
-awonsono, -awansono.
all, every, every one, each, each one, the whole of them, all of them, the lot, the
whole.
( 952 )
These Adjectives are derived from the root onso, and might perhaps be more
properly written -au onso, as in the case of the other word for a//, -au ekuln.
All the things : lekwa yau ekuln, or lekwa yau onso. The form awonso
has, however, been preferred.
This derivation accounts for an apparent irregularity in these Adjectives
from onso ; for when used in the singular, as an equivalent of the whole^ only
the Secondaiy Form is used.
E nzo yawonso [or yan eknln) nsongonia nkntn :
The whole house was nothing but driver ants (full of them).
nti wawonso uwnmini:
The whole tree is dry.
The plural of the Secondary Form being identical with the plural of the
Primary Form, this distinction in the plural is not noticeable ; it is only
apparent in the singular, and even then only in Classes i, 2, 3, and 4.
In the Secondary Form of the plural of the first class there are two forms,
awonso, or yawonso ; the y is not characteristic of the plural of the first class,
but it is clearly yau onso, and goes to further establish the above conclusion
as to the derivation of -awonso.
wantu awonso bazolele kwenda:
All the people want to go.
Yawonso akwa masumu :
All are guilty.
Konso, any^ each^ is most probably derived from the same root, onso ; being
a contraction of ku-onso.
Eibeni.
Kibeni must be classed as an Indeclinable Adjective ; its prime sense is,
usual, ordinary, customary, in general use, regular, normal.
mvwatn kibeni :
The ordinary clothing.
Nwiza mnna lumbu kibeni kia nlongo:
Come on the regular day for medicine.
I etona kibeni dia wivwa wan :
This is the normal colour of these mushrooms.
When used with the Personal Pronouns, it is expressed in English by the
Suffix -self, or with the Possessive Pronouns by own.
Kwiza kekwiza yandi kibeni :
He himself is coming.
Yeno kibeni nuvovele wo:
You, your own selves said so.
E nzo andi kibeni mpe ividi :
His own house too is burnt.
Bakutumwini nlele ame kibeni :
They took away my own cloth.
Secondary Numerals, Demonstrative Form.
There is a Demonstrative Form of the Secondary Numerals from 1-9, which
is made by prefixing the Article (proper to its class) to the Secondary Form ;
( 953 )
the sense thus imparted is that of the emphasized Definite Article before a
Numeral, in English ; thus : —
Primary. Nzo zole zambote : Two good houses.
Secondary. Zizole zambote : Two are good ; or^ two good ones.
Demonstrative.^^^^^^^^ zambote: C^^^ ^^° ^'^ ^°°^ 5 or, the two good
Secondary. \ (. ones.
When the Article is applied to Prefixes having a vowel initial, the Semi-
vowels, w or y, intervene between the Article and the Prefix ; w before "U, and
y before i.
e + imosi becomes eyimosi, one of them, the one.
e+itatu „ eyitatu, three of them, the three,
o + utanu „ owutanu, five of them, the five.
Muna nkombo zame, bonga zizole, ezizole zakondwa e mpaka,
ke zau ko :
From among my goats, take two ; the two without horns, not those.
Ke tusolwele e lekwa yaku yawonso ko, kansi eyitanu oyikidi,
i yau yiyi :
We have not found all your things, but here are the five you mentioned.
The sense of a certain (one, two, &c.) in particular^ is also implied by this
form.
Twele ye mfumu eyimosi, Kumpaya:
We went with a certain chief (named) Kumpaya.
Muna evata edimosi mubwidi e diambu dia kutuliikisa:
Something happened in a certain town to warn us.
E dinkondo edimosi:
A certain plantain.
muntu omosi:
A certain man.
In the case of the Numerals from lo upwards, the Numerals mentioned
become Nouns, and precede.
makumole ma wantu:
The 2o men.
mazunda mole ye nkama tatu za ngombe kafutiswa:
The 2,300 cattle which he had to pay.
nzole.
There is another secondary form of the Numeral two, in the ist class,
nzole, a couple, two J it is a noun of the 4th class. It is also used of living
creatures.
nzole wina muna nzo wan:
Two are in the house now.
[p. 572.] Ye and yo in joining Numerals.
The Conjunctions used in joining tetts^ hutidreds, and thousands, are ye and
yo, according to the class of the Numeral following. The ye before the
Numerals bearing the Prefixes ma- and lu-, on pp. 572 and 573, are errata.
Matadi nkama yo makumatanu yo mematatu:
153 stones.
THE PRONOUN.
[p. 578.] Subjective Pronominal Prefixes.
FIRST PERSON SINGULAR.
The Subjective Pronominal Prefix of the first person singular is the heavy
nasal, m or n, in the present indefinite indicative ; but in the present perfect
indicative and future indefinite subjunctive, it is the light nasal.
Pres. indef. indie. Pres. perf. indie. Fut. indef. subj.
nyambula, I leave ; ngyambwidi, I left ; ngyambula, that I may leave,
nwanda, I strike ; ngwende, I struck ; ngwanda, that I may strike.
nlanda, I follow ; ndende, I followed ; ndanda, that I may follow.
nata, I carry ; ndete, I carried ; ndata, that I may carry,
nsumba, I buy ; nsumbidi, I bought ; nsumba, that I may buy.
In applying the Pronominal Prefix of the ist person singular to the
Adjective (see p. 578), there are two forms in the Negative, kianene ko, and
ki wanene ko, / am not great.
THIRD PERSON SINGULAR AND PLURAL.
The Prefixes, e- and ke-, of the 3rd person singular, are used indiscriminately,
so also a- and ka- ; but e- is also an alternative of be- in the 3rd person
ptural ; so is a- of ba-. It follows, then, that the shortest forms of the singular
and plural are identical ; this is confusing, and it is therefore advisable to use
the full forms, ke-, ka-, be-, ba-, to avoid all obscurity, and especially so since
these forms are used much more widely through the country. 1 1 is true that
ka-, Positive, is identical with the ka- of the Unnatural Negative (p. 607) ;
but there is an accent on the latter ka-, which effectively distinguishes it.
Kavila, he perished ; kavila, that he may not perish.
It is necessary to choose between the forms in adopting a style, and the full
forms are preferable for the above reasons ; they are, however, used indis-
criminately, in the same sentence, by the natives of San Salvador and its
neighbourhood.
THIRD PERSON SINGULAR, 6- OR ka-.
On page 647 it is noted that when a personal subject, or its pronoun, is
m'entioned immediately before a Verb in the third person, the Pronominal
Prefix is ^?' W (before a vowel) ; when the subject is not mentioned immedi-
ately before the Verb, and the Prefix is its only representative, ke-, e-, ka-, or
a- is used.
This may serve as a general rule, but further study reveals the following
more precise rules. The Prefix 0- or w- (before a vowel), or u- immediately
(955 )
before an Objective Pronominal Prefix, is, for convenience in treating the
subject, here referred to as the Prefix in o ; while the Prefixes ke- or e-, ka-
or a-, are referred to as the Prefix in k.
1. When the Subject immediately precedes the Predicate, or even when it
is absent, the Prefix in o- is used, in a simple statement.
nleke aku osasukidi:
Your boy has recovered.
muntu, ona bayikidi, ofwidi :
The man they mentioned is dead.
Wina kwandi muna nzo andi:
He is in his house.
Ke diambu ko, wenda kwandi :
Never mind, he may go,
Ofongele vana ezandu:
He sat on the market place.
2. When the Object precedes the Verb, the Prefix in k is used, unless the
Object is further represented by an Objective Pronominal Prefix, or an Ob-
jective Pronoun after the Verb, in which case the Prefix is 0.
Mbizi kasumbidi :
He has bought some meat.
Nzo andi kazolele o tunga:
He wants to build his house.
Ntete andi kayekekele muna nzo:
He set his carrier's basket up against the house.
Mwana andi kezidi wukisa :
He has come to have his child medically treated.
Kinkutu kiaku kewomalanga :
He is ironing your coat.
Edi kabenze vo tukwenda :
He thought that we were going {lit. this he thought, that, Sec).
Edi kavovele vo mbazi betala kio :
He said that they should see it to-morrow.
Edi kazolele, kenda o nnu :
He wants to go to-day.
Where the Object is further represented.
E kuma kadi, o nkanda ame osumbidi wo :
Because he bought my book.
E nzo andi kibeni oyokele yo :
He burnt his own house.
Okalokala, e ntumbu, osolwele yo :
At length he found the needle.
mwana andi kibeni, nmvondele :
He killed his own child,
3. When the Verb is preceded by its own Infinitive Noun, the Prefix is
always in k.
( 956 )
Kwiza kekwiza :
He is coming.
Yela keyelanga kikilu:
He is very sick.
Teka keteka kio o mbatu :
He will sell it later on in the day.
4. The Interrogative Pronouns, aweyi, adieyi, ameyi, &.C., nki, nkia, kwa,
require the Prefix in k.
Aweyi kavovele ?
What did he say ?
Nki kasumbidi ?
What has he bought ?
Nkia muntu kabokele?
What man did he call ?
5. When a Subjunctive Clause is brought in by VO or OVO, ^/laty or when it
is understand, the Prefix in k is used ; but when the Clause introduced is in
the Indicative Mood, the Prefix in is used.
Sttbjmictive.
Nzolele vo kenda :
I wish that he should go.
Tuvovele vo keza:
We said that he should come.
Edi bavovele vo kenda mbazi :
They said that he should go to-morrow.
Edi tuzolele katoma kio nata:
What we want is that he should carry it carefully,
Utulombele nswa, ovo, kenda:
He asked of us permission to go (that he might go).
Indicative.
Edi bavovele vo, okwenda mbazi:
They said that he will go to-morrow.
Nzolele kala vo wenda, kansi owau e ntangwa isakidi:
I wish that he had gone, but now it is too late.
Edi tubenze otoma kio nata:
We thought that he would carry it carefully.
6. The normal position of an Adverb or Adverbial Clause is following its
Verb, and when it so appears, the Verb takes the Prefix in (unless some other
" rule supervenes to the contrary). There are, however, some Adverbs which
always precede their Verb, and when they are thus in their normal position,
preceding the Verb, they also are followed by the Prefix in 0. The following are
the Adverbs referred to :— i bosi, deke, kasikila, kosi, kole, nanga, nangi,
nangu {perhaps), okalokala, e elelo, e ntete, oku kwakwendewa, oku
kwakwiziwa, oku kwatukwa, and other variations of these last three
Adverbs.
There are other Adverbs which precede their Verb, and also cause it to
assume the Applied Form ; these induce the Prefix in k. They are as
follows :— dian, diann, i dian, i diann, i, e kuma, i kuma kiki, nkia
(957 )
kuma, mu nkia kuma— and like combinations with bila, elonda, and eya-
ndu — , mu nki, mu nkia diambu, adieyi. The Adverbial Particles,' se, sa,
sanga, and singa, also require the Prefix in k.
When any other Adverb precedes its Verb for emphasis, the Prefix in k is
applied to the Verb.
rdverbs in normal position.
Wele fuku muna nkonda:
He went hunting by night.
Osumbidi yo o nnu :
He bought it to-day.
Kasikila oftla e mpaka:
Perhaps he will raise objections.
Wele kwandi kuna nzo :
He is gone to the house.
Ofongele vana etadi:
He sat on the stone.
Ovangidi dio muna diambu dieto:
He did it for our sake.
Ovene kio kwa yeto :
I He gave it to us.
Okalokala umvene wo :
At last he gave it to him.
Adverbs requiring the Applied Form.
Dianu kayambulwidi e ngolo zaudi:
Therefore he abandoned his opposition (strength).
I kazoldle wo:
That is why he wants it.
Hu nkia kuma kend^le?
Why did he go ?
I kuma kiki kasumbidi kio :
That is why he bought it.
I kezidi :
That is why he came.
I
The Particles mentioned.
Sa kenda:
He will soon go.
Sanga kavutula wo :
He will soon return it.
Ordinary Adverb preceding, and therefore in abnormal position.
Malembe kekwendanga :
He goes gently.
Malu-malu kele :
He is gone on foot.
Mbatu kekwiza:
He will come presently.
3 R
(958)
Fuku kele omu nkonda :
At night he went stalking game.
7. It is noted in this Appendix, in the Syntax, under the " Attributes of the
Subject— The Article," in Rule 38, that the following Adverbs of time, when
preceding their Verb, and especially emphatic, take the Article ; in that case
they take the Prefix in instead of that in k. The Adverbs in question are :—
fuku, mbanu, nganu, mbatu, ngatu, masika, mbazi, unu,
e elelo.
mbazi okwiza :
To-morrow he will come.
fuku wele kuna evata diandi:
He went by night to his town.
unu otekele kio:
He sold it to-day.
8. When an Adverbial Clause precedes its Verb for emphasis, the Prefix in k
is applied, but where there is no emphasis at all, the Prefix in is used.
Ngyenda zingi kele:
He went often.
Kuna nzo kele :
He went to the house.
Vana etadi kafongele:
He sat on the stone.
Muna diambu dieto kavangidi dio:
For our sake he did it.
Muna nlungu kele vwanda :
He went and sat in the canoe.
Kuna tuyikidi kele:
He is gone to the place which we spoke of.
Kwa yeto kavene kio :
He gave it to us.
Ke lumbu kiantete ko, Kalemba, kekungikanga vo i
makangu mandi:
It is not the first day that Kalemba is calling me his friend.
Ngika zingi kangikidi wo:
Many times he has so spoken of me.
I ndunganisa yiyi, Nzambi, kalunganisi owu kavovele:
This is the way in which God has fulfilled what He said.
No emphasis.
Kansi muna diambu dieto ovangidi dio :
But for our sake he did it.
Muna maka mambu otondele:
He was thankful for some things.
Ezaka ntangwa okwizanga :
Sometimes he comes.
Kiau kolo eki olele:
During this time he slept.
( 959 )
The Verb in a Relative Clause takes the Prefix in k.
mfumu ozolele o kutuvana o nlele katusongele:
The chief wishes to give us the cloth which he showed us.
Bakatwidi e kiandu kina kafongele o nkento:
They took away the chair on which the woman sat.
I nsadisa kansadisi, o Mpukuta:
This is the way in which Mpukuta helped me.
01)ongele konso eki kazolele :
He took whatever he liked.
Bamvene e ntaku zina kayikidi :
They gave me the brass rods which he directed.
Zina kanete ke zifwene ko :
Those which he took were insufficient.
I
^^Kiployed.
^^B Nunyambula kenda:
^^B Let him go.
^^^ Mbula kakota:
^t^ Let him enter.
^HL Yambnla kateka dia:
^Bm' Let him eat first.
^K ir. The following Conjunctions induce the Prefix in k: —
Kasi own : but now... !
Kimana, kinnmana : so that, in order that.
Knfwila own <7rwan...ko : although, even if.
Mpasi, mpasi own {dia not mpasi ovo) : so long as, but only.
Mpasi yavana : nevertheless, all the same, even then, still, yet.
Mnsnngnla, ngatn : nor, neither {i.e. after a negative clause).
Nanga, nangi, nangn: unless, if not, except.
nlongo= mpasi.
Una : since, when, as, while, as or so soon as, after.
Una...nna: as... so.
Vava, ova {but not ovo) : when, after, as or so soon as.
Wan : now that, since, when, as, while, as or so soon as.
Wan kadi : now that, because.
Ovo wan : if so, in that case.
W0WO...WOWO : as... so.
Tavana : until, before, so that.
The other Conjunctions (so far as they have been at present obtained) are
followed by the Prefix in 0.
Knfwila wan kele ko :
Although he has gone.
Mpasi kenda kaka :
So long as he goes.
Kimana keza:
So that he may come.
\
(96o)
Una kavovele wo :
When he said that.
Ova kesumba kio:
When he buys it.
Wau kazolele kala, wau kena:
As he wanted to be, so he is.
Yavana kekwiza :
Until he comes.
Oyangalele wau kekwenda;
He is happy now that he is going.
Una kavovele wo, oyambwidi e mpaka zandi:
When he said that, he did not further object.
Ngatu mwana ankazi kasunda o ngwa andi ankazi :
Neither is a nephew superior to his uncle.
Musungula kanusadisa:
Neither will he help you.
Ova keluaka, umbokela:
When he arrives, call me.
Vava kasolwele kio, kiese kamwene :
When he found it, he was delighted.
Yavana kavewa o nswa, kayenda ko :
Until he had permission, he did not go.
Kufwila owu kafutidi e mfuka ko, o nzuka usidi :
Even if he paid the debt, the interest remains (unpaid).
After the other Conjunctions.
Ovo Nzambi otoma kunsadisa:
or Nzambi, ovo otoma kunsadisa :
If God helps me well.
mfumu aku, ovo ozolele o sumba o mungwa:
If your chief wants to buy salt.
Ovo mpangi ame okwikidi wo:
If my brother agrees to it.
Ovo tukuntuma, okwenda:
If we send him, he will go.
Ovo otumini o nleke andi :
If he sent his servant.
Kala wenda, nga ovulukidi :
If he had gone, he would have been saved.
£ala vo osinsa, nga ovangidi edi mpovele:
If he had tried, he would have done what I said.
Eana okwenda, kana osala, ke diambu ko:
Whether he goes or stays, it does not matter.
12. The Prefix in k is used after i bosi, after that^ then., and the next thing
was., &c., when the Verb follows it immediately, without any pause ; but when
there is a pause (comma) after the i bosi, the Prefix in is used. In the first
(96i )
case, the matter introduced by i bosi simply follows on in the course of things,
without any special importance, while in the latter case, i bosi commences a
fresh sentence, or stage in the proceedings, and introduces a new" matter of
importance.
I bosi katusongele e nzo andi :
After that he showed us his house.
I bosi kambokele:
Then he called him.
Toma kunsonga, i bosi kevanga kio :
Show him carefully, then he will do it.
After pause.
I bosi, otadidi e lekwa yawonso kavangidi :
In the next place he looked at all the things which he had made.
I bosi, otombokele, wele kuna evata diandi:
After this, he came up, and went to his town.
I bosi, oynvwidi edi dia Mpongi:
The next stage in the proceedings was this, he asked about Mpongi's affair.
I bosi, okotele, o muntu akaka... :
After this, another man came in (and then...).
[p. 578.] Objective Pronominal Prefixes.
The Objective Pronominal Prefix of the ist person singular is always the light
nasal, m or n, in all moods and tenses.
Kundata : to carry me.
Kandata : that he may carry me.
Kandete : he carried me.
Pronominal Particles.
On the top of page 579 there is a list of Pronominal Particles used when a
Noun stands in apposition to a Personal Pronoun ; the list has been deranged
in the printing, and should read as follows : —
Person. Singular. Plural.
I. i. tu, twa, tu a.
II. u. nu, nwa, nu a.
It is better to write these as separate Particles, rather than as Prefixes.
Kadi ongeye u mfumu :
Because you are a chief.
Mono i nleke aku:
I am your servant.
[p. 579.] Emphatic Personal Pronouns.
The Emphatic Personal Pronouns, \wame, kwandi, kwau, &c., are idiom-
atically used with the Infinitive in the manner illustrated by the following
sentences. The ist & 2nd persons singular and plural are perfectly normal in
their employment, and the 3rd persons singular and plural also, in so far as
they refer to living creatures ; but kwandi is used both in the singular and
(962 )
plural in reference to inanimate objects, and the vegetable kingdom ; kwau
never being used in reference to inanimate objects, only of living creatures.
Oyandi mpe, kwenda kwandi :
He too is to go,
Ezaka ntangwa a mpuku mpe, l)akania kwau:
Sometimes rats too are caught.
mankondo mpe, diwa kwandi :
Plantains too are edible.
Oyeto aleke mpe, zonza kweto:
We children too quarrel.
Omono mpe sumba kwame :
I too will buy.
Oyeno mpe fwa kweno konso lumbu:
You too will die some day.
Kwandi.
Kwandi is often used in a reassuring sense, as only is used in English.
Nlemvo kwandi:
It is only Nlemvo (it is all right).
Mbwa kwandi:
Only a dog (supposed to have been something worse).
Personal Pronouns combined with yo.
The combinations of the Personal Pronouns with the Conjunction yo arer
given on page 581. When the Personal Pronoun is brought for emphasis to
the head of the sentence, the Preposition is still combined with a Pronoun after
the Verb. These Pronouns are as follows : —
Person. Si?tgular. Plural.
I. yame j
II. yaku \ Y2M in all persons.
III. yandi J
Mono ketuka kiyanga yame :
He was just walking with me.
1 yandi kazolele nwana yandi :
It is with him that he wants to fight.
Yeto kamonanini yau:
He (saw) stopped and talked with us.
I yeno kasanziana yau :
It was between you and him that there was such ill-feeling.
///., It was you with whom he entertained the mutual aversion (with you).
Kadi yeto kadidi yau :
For he ate with us.
[p. 585-] Interrogative Pronouns.
The Interrogative Pronouns akieyi, aweyi, &c., may appear without the
Prefix a-, kieyi, weyi, &c. The Prefix a- adds force to the question, and
evidences a desire or need to know.
(963)
In making an inquiry as to the comparative size, &c., of several things, the
things are stated, and the question may then be framed as though the things
were persons ; that is to say, Personal Pronouns and even Nouns rriay be used
in the question ; the Interrogative Pronoun proper to the Class of the things
may also be used, instead of the Personal Interrogative.
Vana vena o malonga mau amatanu, nani i mote ; or adieyi diwete ?
Which is the most beautiful of those three plates?
Andieyi or nki i nene, e nzo vo, ovo e kiandu kina mo?
Which is the greater, the house or the chair which is in it ?
[p. 585.] Demonstrative Pronouns.
POSITIONS.
The positions of the three forms of the Kongo Demonstrative Pronouns are
better explained as follows : —
Although, in English, there are only two Positions recognised by the De-
monstratives, here and there ; this and that ; these ditid those ; there are in Kongo
three Positions recognised.
The First Position is used of that which is close to the speaker, just as the
First Position in English : eki, this; eyi, these; oku, here.
The Second Position is used in reference to that which is with or near to the
person addressed : ekio, that (where you are) ; eyo, those ; oko, there.
The Third Position regards that which is at a distance remote from both the
speaker and the person addressed : ekina, that; eyina, those; kuna, there.
[p. 587] Emphatic Demonstratives.
In the First and Second Emphatic Forms, ist class, plural, 2nd position, beside
the form, awowo, those, there is an alternative form in use, awoyo.
The Emphatic Demonstratives used after the Particle i, given on page 589,
have only the forms of the ist position tabulated, as the forms of the 2nd and
3rd positions are identical with those of the First Emphatics ; exception must
be made, however, in the case of the ist class, which are as follows : —
Singular. Plural.
1st Position, i yandi yuyu, this is he ; i yau yaya, these are they.
2ud „ i yandi yoyo, that is he ; i yau yoyo, those are they.
3''^^ M i yandi yuna, that is he ; i yau yana, those are they.
ADVERBS.
[p. 606.] Dianu, diati.
Dianu, diau, i dianu, and i diau, for this reason, therefore, that is why,
always require the Applied Form of the Verb which they modify ; but dianu VO
and diau VO, therefore, so, are Conjunctions, and have no such influence.
I dianu basumbila kio:
That is why they bought it.
Dianu wendela:
Go for that very reason,
Diau nzolele tungila e nzo akaka:
That is why I wish to build another house.
Kwenda yadi kwenda, kansi, mbwene muntu umpovese vo, Kwendi
ko; diana vo, kikwenda diaka ko :
I should have gone, but I saw some one who told me not to go, so I am not
going any more.
Tansadisa nsadisa zingi, diau vo nzolele kansadisa owau:
I have often helped him, so I want him to help me now.
Adi.
,Adi, once, appears as an Adverb, as well as the root of the Auxiliary Verb
-adi.
Adi tu mfumu, kansi owau tu mpasi wantu :
We were chiefs, but now we are common people.
Kiamakulu.
Kiamakulu, for good, once for all, finally, definitely, requires the Applied
Form of the Verb which it modifies, when it is emphatic, and figures as the
most important point of the remark ; otherwise the Simple Form of the Verb
may be used.
When it appears in a question, or a reply, it is preceded by its article e, with
or without the Applied Form, accordingly as it may be emphatic or otherwise.
Nga osumbila kio e kiamakulu e?
Will you buy it then right out ?
Elo kadi, e kiamakulu nsumbila kio:
Yes, I will buy it right out.
Tuteka kunsindikila kiamakulu, i bosi...:
We will first send him off for good, and then....
Ozevo nukwikididi dio kiamakulu e ?
So you agreed to it definitely ?
»64
(96s )
Locative Adverbs.
When the Locative Adverbs follow immediately upon an Intransitive Verb,
either in a positive or negative sentence, they assume a shortened form, ko, VO,
mo; unless the Locative is emphatic. When emphatic, or under other circum-
stances than those above referred to, they assume the ordinary forms.
Wele ko :
He has gone there.
Fonga kafongele vo :
He sat on it.
I bosi badiukidi mo:
Then they entered into it (therein).
Kizolele ko kwenda ko :
I do not vi^ant to go there.
Knkoti mo kwaku ko :
Do not enter.
After a Transitive^ the ordinary forms.
Nata kio kuna :
Carry it there.
Kuna kasisidi kio:
He left it there.
I
THE PREPOSITION.
Locative Prepositions.
It is noted on page 609 that when the Locatives are used before a Noun ex-
pressing a living creature, kwa, or some combination of kwa with oku, kuna,
&c., is the only form of Locative admissible ; this requires to be modified in the
case of such Verbs as naturally take muna after them, as kwikila muna, to
believe in; sia e VUVU muna, to rely on; yekeka muna, to throw the respon-
sibility upon; dia e mpaku muna, to levy a tax upon; in such cases some
form of muna is used, rather than kwa.
Ke bekwikilanga muna Mfumu eto ko:
They do not believe in our Lord.
I muna Makitu basidi e vuvu:
They relied upon Makitu.
Bayekekele e diambu diau omu mono :
They made me responsible for their affair.
Mu esi nsi bedilanga e mpaku:
On the people of the country they levy the tax.
Vana is occasionally used in the same way.
Bafukidi eteva vana mfumu wau kalele :
They covered the chief with a mat as he slept.
, The Locative Prepositions assume abbreviated forms when they immediately
follow the Verb, in Negative Clauses. The forms are : — ku, va, mu, without
any Article Prefix, or sign of Position. The Objective Pronoun intervening
does not prevent the use of these forms. The lengthened forms are admissible,
but their presence is emphatic.
Eizolele kota mu nzo audi ko:
I do not want to enter his house.
Kufongi va eteva diame ko :
Do not sit on my mat.
Kiele ku evata ko :
I did not go to the town.
Ke mu diambu dieto ko:
Not on our account.
Kuvovela ku makasi ko :
Do not speak angrily (in anger).
Kala kuna :
There remain.
These shortened forms very often appear when the Preposition follows imme-
diately on the Verb, when there is no idea of position implied \ also in a reply
(967)
to, from or /// where^ or into ivhat^ when the Locative commences the
ciitence.
Obudidi zo mu nzimbu :
He exchanged them for beads.
fuku wele mu nkonda:
At night he went hunting.
Eu evata kele :
He is gone to the town.
Mu nkele kasidi wo :
He put it in the box.
Prepositional Phrases.
Further Prepositional Phrases should be added to those given on page 612 ;
among them : —
...ke..., ...by..., horn. ..io...y of past time only.
yamu. . .ya. . ., . . .by. . ., from. . .to. . ., of future iijne only.
muna nzinguluka a, round, in the environment of.
e kikaka yo or muna, \ ^ c . c
,. •' ' > apart from, separate from.
e vaudi yo or muna, )
In the case of the two latter phrases, yo is used with persons, mnna with
things.
Lumbu ke lumbu kezidi:
»He came day by day.
Bemona wete yamu mvu ya mvu:
They will be happy for ever (year by year).
Safongele muna nzinguluka a nkisi :
They sat round the fetish.
Sia kio e kikaka muna mbele zakaka:
Put it apart from the other knives.
Nukala e vaudi yo wantu awaya:
Keep separate from these people.
Muna nsi a ntima.
In the Prepositional phrase, muna nsi a ntima, the Noun, nsi a ntima, is
not a Compound Noun, nsi-a-ntima ; but where it is qualified by a Possessive
Pronoun, the Pronoun follows immediately after the Noun nsi, not after ntima.
Muna nsi audi a ntima:
From, at or to the bottom of his heart.
Ya, ye, yo.
The rules as to the combination of the Article in this Preposition will be
found in this Appendix, in the Syntax, under "The Attributes of the Subject."
For an idiomatic use of ya, ye, yo, see page 932, under ya.
Mu nsangi a.
The Preposition mu nsangi a implies in commixture with, together with,
combined with, and hence becomes almost equivalent to the English Conjunc-
tions, as well as, and, also.
Omwene wonga mu nsangi a kiese:
He had some fear together with joy.
THE CONJUNCTION.
[p. 6 1 6.] OVO, z/, when.
When the Conjunction ovo, z/, when^ is used with the Present Indefinite tense,
uncertainty is implied, it is then equivalent to if; but when it is used with the
Perfect tense, or when it is followed by se, the event, though yet future, is sure
to take place in due course ; it is then better expressed by when.
Ovo okwiza, umbokela:
If he comes, call me.
Ovo wizidi, umbokela:
When he comes, call me.
Ovo se kekwiza (s'ekwiza), umbokela :
When he is coming, call me.
Ovo ikumbaka, mpasi kemona:
If I catch him, he will " see" trouble.
Ovo e ngunga ivovele, kwiza nkwiza:
When the bell rings, I will come.
Ovo se beluaka, tuzaya wo:
When they arrive, we shall know it.
Ovo olembi kunsamunwina, i maku momo:
If you do not tell me, that will be your fault.
[p. 6 1 6.] Vo, OVO, that.
On page 6i6 it is noted that vo is used as a Conjunction, equivalent to that^
after Verbs of ordering^ informing, saying, knowing, wishing, thinking, &.c.
When vo is far separated from its Verb, it takes the Prefix of its Article, and
becomes ovo, and is preceded by a comma (or the pause it represents).
Edi katusamunwini, yeto aleke, ovo, mbazi tukwenda :
What he told us boys was that we are going to-morrow.
Wenda kunsamunwina kuna kimfundu-mfundu, ovo, yandi mvinganga :
Go and whisper to him that I am waiting for him.
Musungula.
MuBUngula means especially, as well as, as well, also, when it connects with
Positive sentences, but neither, nor, certainly not, when it connects with a
Negative clause.
Awonso bekwenda, musungula yandi :
All go, and he will also.
Ke ngeye ko, musungula yandi:
Not you, and certainly not he.
(969)
Ngatu.
Ngitu is used in the same way as musungllla, but after Negative clauses
only.
Kuyiyi ko ngktu vova o luvunu:
Do not steal nor tell lies,
Husungula and ng^tu.
These Conjunctions are followed by the Verb in the Infinitive Mood in refer-
ence X.O past and present time ; but in reference to future time, only the f^uture
Consequent Subjunctive may be used ; kwiza and kwenda only take the
Future Indefinite tense.
£e bele ko, ngMu sinsa o kwenda:
They neither went nor tried to go.
Kikusadisa ko musungula yavovesa diambu :
I will not help you, neither will I say anything to you.
Kalendi tuma ko, ngatu kwiza :
He can neither send nor come.
[p. 617.] Una.
Una is only used of past time.
Una ngyele:
When I went.
-nkwa, -nkwa kala.
-nkwa or -nkwa kala, when they take the Prefix proper to the Object of the
previous sentence, or a Locative Prefix, imply lest^ for fear that^ in case of ...ing,
in case that.
FToma kanga e nkombo zinkwa taya:
Tie the goats carefully, lest they run away.
-nkwa kala vo.
This Conjunction, when it takes the Prefixes proper to diambu (di-), uma
(u-), or kuma (ki-), implies a probability existent ; if perhaps, if indeed, in the
event of having, in case that, if it is so that.
Dinkwa kala vo nwayenda :
■P If indeed you went (as you say).
THE VERB.
The Passive Voice.
Verbs in aya have most of them a Passive Form in awa, as well as the
Forms in iwa and yua, given on page 620.
Active. Passive.
Baya, to shine ; bawa, to have the light shine at.
Taya, to escape ; tawa, to have... escape from,
Kaya, to divide ; kawa, to be divided.
Zaya, to know, and laya, to wijtk, do not form their Passives with awa, but
take zayiwa, and zayiia, and layiwa.
Tima and va, to yield, bear (fruit), do not use the Passive for that which is
yielded, the Active is used in such case ; va is never used in the Passive at all ;
but yimwa is used of the place in which the tree bears.
nti wau yima kikilu:
This tree bears wonderfully.
Nsafu zingi zayima omu nti wau:
Many nsafu were yielded by this tree.
E kiana kieto kiayimwa nguba zingi :
Our garden yielded a large crop of ground-nuts.
E kiana kieto ke kivanga diaka ko :
Our garden no longer yields.
nti wan ke nva diaka ko :
This tree will not bear any more.
Passive Verbs bearing an Objective Prefix.
There is a singular usage of the Passive Voice, which wears an aspect of
irregularity, in that it is marked by the possession of an Objective Pronominal
Prefix. It implies that the action is performed with something which is the
property of the individual referred to by the Objective Prefix, without his (&c.)
consent.
Kntntungwa : of ours to be built.
Kntubongwa : of ours to be taken.
Kntnvewa : of ours to be given to....
E nzimbu zatnvewa kwa Tata :
Oar money which was given by somebody else to Father.
E nzo yantungwa kwa mfumn :
The house of mine (partly built) which some 07te built (finished the building of)
for the chief.
( 971 ) ^^
E mbele y&bongwa kwa Kulu :
That knife of yours which was taken by Kulu.
E ntete mianuktitumiinwa kuna Ntampa:
The bundles of yours which were seized at Ntampa.
luse luandi lumene kunsumamwa kwa nsende :
His brow was all pierced with thorns.
Kina kiampewa kwa Nzinga:
That of mine which was given to Nzinga.
[p. 621.] The Middle Voice.
Many Middle Voice and Intransitive Verbs appear to be Active Transitives,
since they appear to be followed by an Object ; but such Object is really an
Adverbial Adjunct.
Bangama mwini : to be roasted in the sun.
Ponga e mbadi : to sit in mbadi cloth.
Kwenda malu-malu : to go on foot.
[p. 621.] The Formation of the Middle Voice.
The following additions have also to be made to the tables of suffixes used
in the formation of the Middle Voice : —
Suffixes. Examples.
Active. Middle. Active. Middle.
-izieka -aziama vangizieka vangaziama
-idila -amena tatidila tatamena
zikidila zikamena.
[p. 627.] The Applied Form.
The Applied Form is used sometimes in combination with wau, so, like this;
and ne i, ne...i, nze i, nze.-.i, like.
Tunga, to build ; tungila wan, to build in this manner (like this).
Nani otungilanga e nzo andi wau:
Who is building his house like this.
Ke tulendi bakila nsusu wau ko:
We cannot catch a fowl like this.
Nzolele nwasonekena wau :
I want you to write like this.
Ne i nzo ame otungila yo:
Like my house you must build it.
Ne luvuma lua titi i kevempokela :
Like the flower of the grass he perishes.
When an Adverb which induces the Verb to assume the Applied Form is
far removed from the Verb by some intervening clause, the Adverb loses its
influence, and the Verb assumes the Simple Form.
1 diau didi, ovo mfumu ozolele wo, ntwika yo :
Therefore, if the chief is willing, I will send it.
I kuma kiki, wau katulongela wo, tuzitaziananga :
For this reason, because he so taught us, we respect one another.
( 972 )
THE PASSIVE OF THE APPLIED FORM.
On page 629, the sense implied by the Passive of the Applied Form is
illustrated by the Verb bakila, to catch for. Thus : —
mfumu wabakilwa e nsusu:
The chief had the fowl caught for him.
It is also possible to say : —
E nsusu yabakilwa mfumu:
The fowl was caught for the chief.
E nsusu yambakilwa :
The fowl was caught for him.
In this way the Passive Verb may have a Secondary Object brought in by
the Applied Form.
[p. 631.] The Causative Form.
There is a singular use of the Causative Form with many Verbs, by which
the idea of assistance or fellowship is imparted, rather than an idea of causa-
tion ; the usage in no way precludes the use and sense of the ordinary Causative
with the Verb. Thus from sala, to work, comes sadisa, to help in work, to
help (generally) ; as well as sadisa, to cause to work.
From yela, to be sick, comes yelesa, to help in sickness, i.e. to nurse ; as well
as yelesa, to make sick.
Other instances are : —
Didisa : to weep with (those who weep),
Kembesa : to rejoice with (those who rejoice).
Natisa : to help to carry.
Bakisa : to help to catch.
So that the Causative Form implies causation or assistance.
[p. 634.] The Reciprocal Form.
The Reciprocal Form is used more often in Kongo than in English ; when
the mutual idea is unavoidably present, it must be stated.
Ngyele monana yandi :
I went to see him.
Ozolele bundana yame :
He wants to fight with me.
The following forms are applied to Verbs having suffixes in la, na, and ma :—
Suffixes.
Examples.
'mpie
Reciprocal.
Simple.
Reciprocal.
ela
elaziana
bokela
bokelaziana
ena
enaziana
tonena
tonenaziana
ila
ilaziana
sambila
sambilaziana
ima
imaziana
yidima
yidimaziana
imiana
yidimiana
ina
inaziana
tanina
taninaziana
( 973 )
[p. 635.] The Repetitive Form.
I The Monosyllabic Verb ta, to do, &c., takes tewolola as its Repetitive
^orm ; kaya, to divide, &c,, takes kawulula, to divide repeatedly.
p. 6
r
. 6S2.] The Reflexive Form.
The Applied Form of the Reflexive sometimes conveys the idea of the per-
mance of the action being the prelude to some other action ; to first... and
Okuvolela nkanu, i bosi nukunlonga e?
He will commit some crime, and then you will teach him, eh ?
e., you will wait until he has committed some crime, and then, and not until
then, will you admonish him ; or you will wait for some crime of his to be the
prelude to your instructing him properly.
Bakutungila vava nzanza wau, 1 bosi bavakulwisi wanta awonso :
They first built on this plateau, and then levied black-mail on all passers-by.
Bekusiimbila tiya twayingi, i bosi benwana e vita:
They will first buy a lot of powder, and then they will fight.
The Negative of this idiomatic use of the Applied Form of the Reflexive
implies that the action was or will be interrupted, or hindered, or not accom-
plished before something else happened ; did not... before, or will not... before.
», E nsusu ke ikukokwela ko, walembi kumbona :
^L You will see me before cock crows ;
^^K ///., the cock will not crow without your seeing me.
^^p Ke bayiluakisidi yandi ko, ofwidi:
^^H He died before they got him there.
^B^ Ke tutomene mo kubiindila ko, e ntangwa ivekele :
^^m We did not well thresh it before the sun went down.
^F Ke bayisumbila kio ko, e nzimbu zisukidi:
H^ They did not buy it, their money failed ; i.e.., failed before they could buy it.
If the last sentence were a simple statement of fact, that they did not buy it
for their money failed, basumbila would have been used instead.
■K. The Reflexive has also a Causative Form.
r
Kuwomba : to get away safely.
Kuwombesa : to get one's self safely out of a scrape.
Kutonda : to love one's self.
Kutondesa : to make one's self loved.
Reduplicated Verbs.
Among the Verb Forms should be noted the Reduplicated Form ; it is,,
referred to on page 687, with some remarks on its Conjugation.
In some verbs it has an intensive sense, as from lunga, to take care of comes;
lunga-lunga, to take great care of
The more general idea imparted by the Reduplication is this : — that the
action is or must be performed as quickly as possible, for a short time only, or
in a short time, that is to say, with the least possible delay; it is an impatient
expression, indicative of the fact that until the action is complete and finished^
3 S
( 974 )
there will be no peace of mind ; it is the Urgent Form of the Verb. Thus we
have from : —
Tunga, to build ; tunga-tunga, to build quickly.
Vova, to speak ; vova-VOva, to speak quickly, briefly.
Sumba, to buy ; sumba-sumba, to buy quickly, at once.
Lamba, to cook ; lamba-lamba, to cook at once or quickly.
Monosyllabic Verbs, and Dissyllables in ia (as dia), are triplicated in all but
the Perfect Tenses.
Dia, to eat ; dia-dia-dia, to eat quickly.
Kia, to dawn ; kia-kia-kia, to dawn quickly.
Sia, to put ; sia-sia-sia, to put quickly.
Ta, to do, &c. ; ta-ta-ta, to do at once.
Wa, to hear ; wa-wa-wa, to listen for a few moments, at once, readily.
The Reduplicated Form causes some complication in conjugation. The
Pronominal Prefixes are only applied once.
The Perfect Suffix twice.
The Continuative Suffix once.
The Objective Pronominal Prefix (if present) is only applied once: —
kekutuvana-vananga : he is giving us for a few moments.
The Verbs kwiza and kwenda retain the Pronominal Prefixes on reduplica-
tion, in the Present Perfect Tenses, and in the Future Indefinite Subjunctive ;
this is induced by the weakness of the stems, -iza and -enda. (See page 975.)
[p. 642.] The Perfect Form.
Verbs having the termination -ana, form their Perfect in -anini.
Simple, Perfect Active.
Bulangiana bulangianini
Zolana zolanini
Va, to yield {fruit)., makes its Perfect in vene.
Kia, to dawn, grow light., in kiele.
THE PERFECT OF VERBS IN la AND na.
On page 642 a list of Suffixes is given with their Perfect Forms ; but it is
necessary to call attention to the fact that these forms only result when the
termination is a suffix, and not radical.
When the termination -ula is a suffix, it makes its Perfect according to the
long table on page 642 ; but when the -ula is radical, it follows the rule of the
Simple Verb ; thus, in kulula, the termination -ula is a suffix, which has been
added to the root kula; it therefore makes its Perfect in kulwidi; but in the
case of bula, fula, kula, lula, sula, tula, vula, and wula, the -ula is part
of the Verb, and since it is radical, the Perfect is formed as a regular Verb in
U ; that is to say, by replacing the final a by -idi, the radical 1 becoming d
before the i in the suffix. The Perfects, therefore, of these Verbs are budidi,
fudidi, kudidi, ludidi, sudidi, tudidi, vudidi, and wudidi. Where the -ula
is radical, the Verb must be dissyllabic ; when of more than two syllables it is
clearly a suffix, for no roots have more than two syllables, so there is no
difficulty in recognising the character of the termination.
The same rule applies to the terminations -una, -ola, and ona; when
( 975 )
dia-dia-dia
ndia-dia-dia
ndia-dia-dianga
ndidi-didi
ndidi-didinge
yadia-dia-dia
yadia-dia-dianga
yadidi-didi
yadidi-didinge
yadia-dia-dia
yadia-dia-dianga
ndia-dia-dia
ndia-dia-dianga
yadia-dia-dia
yadia-dia-dianga
dia-dia-dia
dia-dia-dianga
wadia-dia-dia
wadia-dia-dianga
a
cr
lamba-lamba
nlamba-lamba
nlamba-lambanga
ndambidi-lambidi
ndambidi-lambidinge
yalamba-lamba
yalamba-lambanga
yalambidi- Iambi di
yalambidi-lambidinge
yalamba-lamba
yalamba-lambanga
ndamba-lamba
ndamba-lambanga
yalamba-lamba
yalamba-lambanga
lamba-lamba
lamba-lambanga
walamba-lamba
walamba-lambanga
.a
3
cr
o
kwenda-kwenda
nkwenda-kwenda
nkwenda-kwendanga
ngyele-ngyele
ngyele-yelenge
yayenda-yenda
yayenda-yendanga
yayele-yele
yayele-yelenge
yakwenda-kwenda
yakwenda-kwendanga
np^yenda-ngyenda
ngyenda-ngyendanga
yayenda-yenda
yayenda-yendanga
wenda-wenda
wenda-wendanga
wayenda-yenda
way enda-y endanga
i
o
e2
kwiza-kwiza
nkwiza-kwiza
nkwiza-kwizanga
ngizidi-ngizidi
ngizidi-ngizidinge
yayiza-yiza
yayiza-yizanga
yayizidi-yizidi
yayizidi-yizidinge
yakwiza-kwiza
yakwiza-kwizanga
ngiza-ngiza
ngiza-ngizanga
yayiza-yiza
yayiza-yizanga
wiza-wiza
wiza-wizanga
wayiza-yiza
wayiza-yizanga
g
E-i
Pres. Indef.
„ „ cont.
„ Perf.
„ „ cont.
Past Indef.
„ „ cont.
„ Perf.
„ „ cont.
Narrative
„ cont.
Future Indef.
„ „ cont.
„ Conseq.
„ „ cont.
„ Indef.
„ „ cont.
„ Remote
„ „ cont.
1
Infinitive
Indicative
Subjunctive
Imperative
( 976)
radical, the Perfects are -unini, -olele, onene; but when suffixes, -wini,
-wele, and -wene.
infinitive.
Perfect.
Kida
kudidi
Kuna
kunini
Kola
kolele
Kona
koneue
Infinitive.
Perfect.
kukula
kukwidi
bakuna
bakwini
sekola
sekwele
tokona
tokwene
The Infinitive Mood.
There are idiomatic usages of the Infinitive Mood which need to be noted ;
the following sentences illustrate them : —
Eyaka lumbu a nsala mpe bakama kwau:
Some days cray-fish are caught also.
Elo kadi, e nsafu mpe diwa kwandi:
Yes,.nsafu too are edible.
Omono mpe kwenda kwame :
I too will go.
nti wau yima kikilu:
This tree bears very freely.
Oyeno mpe kangama kweno konso lumbu:
You too will be tied up some day.
Yau aleke zonza kwingi :
The children are very quarrelsome.
The Infinitive Form is used as a Gerund in the manner noted on page 714.
Kwiza nkwiza : I am coming.
It is used as a Noun, or in the "Absolute construction" in the following
idioms : —
luaka muna lumbu kina :
On the arrival of that day (when that day arrived).
baka muna evata diau, bavavidi madia: j
On reaching their town, they sought food. v
tala muna nzo eto, kinga mwankatu:
On looking into our house, it was (empty) not there.
sinsa vova, ntungamene kwame :
When I tried to speak, I had nothing to say for myself.
kwenda, mpasi zankatu:
If you go (on going), it will be trouble for nothing.
Tenses,
the present indefinite tense.
On page 649 it is explained that the Indicative Mood in Kongo has no
future tense. Whenever future time is spoken of, the time or circumstances of
the action are distinctly mentioned, and the action is represented as being then
present. Instead of saying : I will come to-morrow^ Kongos say : to-morrow
I come J that is to say, the time, to-morrow^ is stated, and then the action is
considered present at the time stated. When the action is actually in progress.
p. ( 977 )
the Continuous or Progressive Form is used ; but when the action is not actually
in progress at the moment, but is referred to some future time, the Simple
Form only is used. In this way the Simple Form becomes practically Future
Indefinite ; while the form in -anga becomes Present Indefinite, or rather
Present Progressive, and it might be simpler so to designate them ; but to do
so would be incorrect. This is borne out by the fact that when an Auxiliary
Verb is used, the Verb assisted takes the suffix -anga, while the Auxiliary takes
the Present Indefinite prefixes only ; thus : —
Nzo and! ketunganga:
He is building his house.
»Nzo andi ketoma tunganga :
He is building his house well.
Yela kekwama yelanga :
He is constantly ailing.
This tendency to use the Present Indicative tense in speaking of future
action is common to most languages.
To-morrow he comes to fetch me.
Next week I am going to Brussels.
The ship sails in three days' time.
The Verb -ina, to be, has no Continuous Form, and its Present Indefinite
tense is always used in the Simple Form. It is only used in reference to
present time, never of the future ; the future being always expressed by the
verb kala, which follows the rule of the Regular Verbs.
Kuna tukala :
■' There we shall be.
^ Kwaku ngina, kwaku nkala :
Here I am, here I will remain (be).
Nzala yingi tuna yau :
We are very hungry.
^ Ewaku bekalanga e lumbu yawonso:
Jr'' Here they are always.
When it is desired to express definitely continuous action in the future, the
Continuative Form may be used, as a Future even ; indeed, there is every
reason to regard the tense as one and identical, whether used of present time
or of the future, the context alone making clear as to the time.
Ozevo, kuna ntu tumonanga aka e kiese :
So then, in the future we shall always be happy.
Ova ke wau ko, e lumbu yawonso oyelanga aka:
If not you will always be ill.
Since then the Progressive or Continuous Form in -anga is used when the
action is at the time in progress, it follows that when the form in -anga is
absent, the action is deferred, or not at the time in progress, that is to say,
future. The Simple Form of the Present Indefinite tense is therefore prac-
tically a Future, and the Continuous of it a Present (except in the cases above
noted).
(978
The Present Perfect Tense.
Fonga and vwanda, to sil, sit down, prefer the Perfect tense, where the
Present Indefinite would be used in English, for when a person is sitting the
act of sitting down is complete, he sat down, hence the Perfect. Vwata, to
wear, dress in, also prefers the Perfect.
E niumbu andi nani? andiona ofongele vana eteva dia mfumu:
What is the name of him who is sitting on the chiefs mat ?
After ovo, vava, when, if, and a future Predicate, the contingent Verb
often assumes the Perfect tense ; it is a strong way of expressing the certainty
of the act, treating it even as already accomplished.
Vava dimana, bavaikidi:
When it is finished they will come out.
Ovo bekwenda, bafwidi:
If they go they will die (are dead).
In relating a narrative of consecutive acts in a clause introduced by una or
vava, having the Verb in the Past Perfect, the Present Perfect may follow.
Una zavutukidi, zinkumbulwidi mawonso mabwidi :
When they had returned, they detailed to me all things that had happened.
The Present Perfect tense is used in stating, or calling to witness as to what
one is just telling, warning, writing, ordering, doing, &c.
Inusonamene mama:
I write these things to you.
Inutemonwene wau:
I warn you now.
Itumini, wenda!
I sent you, go !
I
The Past Tense.
The Past Indefinite or Perfect tenses, prefixed by -nga or nga i, are
equivalent to ought to have, should have, the action being considered as a
natural consequence to something expressed or understood.
Nga i nwavanga didi :
You ought to have done this.
Nga wakombele vava ezono:
You ought to have swept here yesterday.
When i is used it is more emphatic.
The Past Perfect.
There is not a "yesterday tense" ; but " yesterday," when stated, makes the
event to have been perfected and accomplished at a time not now to be re-
garded as present ; a Past Perfect has therefore to be used after ezono, or any
clear statement of a perfect action combined with past time.
Ezono yayele :
Yesterday I went.
1
( 979 )
Ezuzi zalueke:
The day before yesterday they arrived.
The following sentence illustrates another idiomatic use of the Past
Perfect :—
Wawidi wo, elelo sa katonda:
He will know now how to say " thank you."
///., (another time) he will have learned (heard) now, he will soon say
" thank you."
The Narrative Tense.
The Narrative tense (or a form identical with it) has also a usage other than
that of an Indefinite Past ; it may be used of a future event to signify that the
action must be performed, there can be no hesitation, or question about it.
Yakwenda :
I must go.
Yakumvana kio:
»I must give it to him.
Yalundumuka :
I must run.
mbazi twakwenda kumbaka:
To-morrow we must go to catch him.
Wanua tu kio:
You will have to drink it, say what you may.
The Negative of this must be formed by means of the auxiliary verb lembi,
to fiot....
"Walembi kio teka :
You must not sell it.
After i mbangi tu se, so at last^ the Narrative tense implies, with this
combination, so... have... at last. The action must, however, be definitely com-
plete.
I mbangi tu se wakwiza!
So you have come at last !
The Narrative tense is also used after wau in the following idiomatic
manner : —
Eansi wau se yakumbaka:
But now that I have caught him.
Wau yatemokwa o meso:
Now that I have my eyes open.
This construction expresses a present state the result of something which
happened in the indefinite past. The first sentence having an Objective
prefix shows that it is the Narrative tense by the presence of the tense prefix
-ku-.
The Subjunctive Mood.
The Verbs kwiza and kwenda prefer the Future Indefinite Subjunctive to
the Future Consequent tense ; in this respect they do not conform to the three
fol lowing rules.
(98o)
Yam"bula, mbula.
Yambula, or its contracted form mbula, requires the Subjunctive Mood in
the Verb which follows it, and the Future Consequent tense is that which is
generally used. There is, however, a usage of the Present Indefinite Indicative
after yambula which implies a promise or assurance.
Yambula yasumba kio:
Let me buy it.
Yambula, nsumba kio :
Allow me, and I will buy it ; or, let me, I will buy it.
Mbula bakota:
Let them enter.
Mbula ngyenda :
Let me go.
Mbula beza:
Let them come.
Kimana, kinumana.
Kimaua and kinumana also require the Future Consequent Subjunctive in
the Verbs which follow them.
Kimana ke bamona nzala:
Lest they suffer hunger.
Kimana batoma luaka:
So that they may arrive safely.
Kimana benda kwau :
In order that they may go.
Inutumini nwenda:
I send you to go.
Ngatu, musungula.
Ngatu and musungula require the Infinitive Mood in a Verb following
them, but when referring to future time the Future Consequent Subjunctive
may follow.
Kisadisa ko, ngatu yavovesa diambu:
I will neither help you nor say anything to you.
Katuminu ko, ngatu kenda:
He was not sent, neither will he go.
[p. 691.] Kala and -ina, to be.
The Verbs kala, and -ina or -na, to be, are used to express the idea of to
have. The combination of these Verbs with the Article, and with the Pre-
position ya, ye, yo, and with the Personal Pronoun proper to the Noun, is
noted on pages 286 and 840; it remains to be remarked that the difference
between kala yo and kala is this : — When used with the Article, the
possession is normal, and has been long continued j when used with ya, ye, or
yo, the possession is an acquirement, and is not a normal condition. The use
with -ina or -na is identical. The Article may be absent in accordance with
the rules noted later on in the Syntax, under " Attributes of the Subject — The
Article," in this Appendix.
(98i )
Wina kwandi o moyo:
He is still alive.
Wina kwandi yo moyo:
His life has come back to him again.
i.e.^ He has revived.
Tuna l)i wingi omu ntima mieto :
We have much evil in our hearts.
(To use yo in this case would imply that the evil was abnormal, and a
recent acquirement.)
E mtele ame ina o mva: -
My knife has a handle.
Bena ye kiese kingi:
They are very happy.
Tnna kweto o meso mole-mole, yeto awonsono :
We, all of us, have two eyes.
Ondiona kaka wina ye disu dimosi :
He alone has only one eye (he was not born so).
Ze bena meso ko :
They have no eyes.
lumbemba-mbemba Inalu ke luna nsala ko :
This butterfly has no wings.
Kina ya nzimbu ko :
I have no money.
(Money does not belong to one naturally, it has to be earned.)
These distinctions, while perfectly accurate, are often very delicate, and care
^and thought is necessary in making them.
Sometimes the Verb to have is expressed by the Verb to be, followed by the
'ersonal Pronoun combined with the Preposition yo ; in this case no posses-
"sion is implied, only that the articles mentioned happen to be with the
speaker.
Ordinary construction of the verb to have.
Nkia lekwa tnna yau?
What things have we (do we possess) ?
Idiom just explained.
Nkia lekwa ina yeto?
What things have we (happen to be with us) ?
Nkombo zingi zina yeno:
You have many goats with you.
Mankondo makaka mena yeto :
Other plantains are with us ; or, we have other plantains.
This latter idiom is in constant use among the Bakongo as the ordinary
Verb, to have.
[p. 690.] Eala.
This Verb has a Past Tense Indefinite and Perfect bearing the prefix e as
well as that in a ; they are in every way identical in meaning and time.
(982 )
Twekala or twakala
Bekedi or bakedi :
we were,
they were.
[p. 690.] -na or -ina.
This Defective Verb does not take the Continuative Form, neither does it
appear in any other tense than the Present Indefinite, and then always implies
present time ; it has, however, a Passive and an Applied Form.
Passive, -iniwa, to have in.
Applied, -inina, to be for.
mwana andi winiwa nkwiya nsambwadi:
His child is possessed of seven demons.
Adieyi kinina wau ?
Why is it like that ?
When -ina is combined with an Objective prefix, the initial i is strengthened
by y, as is the case with the weak-stemmed Verbs kwiza and kwenda, see
page 654.
Ubayina e wisa:
He has authority over them.
Kansi owau tunuyina makasi:
But now we are angry with you.
-eka. -^ C'^ ■ ^^^
The Bakongo use a Defective Verb -eka, to be; it is found in the Present
Indefinite Tense only, in the same way as -ina, and has a Passive Voice, and
an Applied Form.
Person.
2
3
I
Active.
-eka, to be.
Passive.
-ekwa, to have in.
Applied.
-ekina, to be for.
Class.
Singular.
Plural.
I
ngyeka
tweka
weka
lueka
keka
beka
2
yeka
zeka
3&4
weka
mieka
5 &6
kieka
bieka
7&8
dieka
meka
9
kweka
meka
10& II
lueka
tweka
12
bweka
bweka
13
weka
meka
14
veka
mweka
15
fieka
Kuna mbazi tombe kweka:
It
is dark outside.
Kolo kingi ku vula ngyeka:
I have been a long time on the station.
(983 )
Nduna wekwa nkwiya:
He who is possessed of demons.
Dieyi twekina mu luvambu lualu?
Why are we in this chain?
These examples are in the Dialect of the Bakongo.
The Auxiliary Verbs.
-kini.
The Defective Auxiliary -kini is used among the Bakongo ; it is found only
in the Past Perfect tense; it is equivalent to, to be still...; to be yet...; to
Continue and complete what is now in progress., and then... ; to first finish^ and
then....
Dia bakini dia:
They are still eating.
Twakini sala salu kietu, i bosi... :
We must first finish our work, and then....
[pp. 695, 6.] -lembi, -lembele.
This Auxiliary is found in the Perfect as -lembele, but in other tenses it
takes i final : -lembi, to fail to, to not....
s*^ .-^Uianu kalembele {or kalembi) kwizila:
That is why he failed to come.
[[p. 694.] Lenda. "- -^
When the Auxiliary Verb lenda, can, is used in a Negative Clause in
reference to present or future time, the Future Indefinite Subjunctive is used
(negative), -lendi.
Ke tulendi kio nata ko :
We cannot carry it.
Kalendi vova ko:
He cannot speak.
[p. 695.] Mana.
Mana may also be rendered by, to be all....
luse luandi lumene kunsnmamwa kwa nsende :
His brow was all pierced with thorns.
Nanga.
Nanga is equivalent to, to... perhaps, to. ..very likely.
Onanga lunga :
He is perhaps right.
Tunanga kwenda mbazi:
We shall go to-morrow very likely.
Sa.
Sa implies that the action will be certainly done some time or other, sooner
( 984 )
or later ; to be going to... all in due course., to... soon or presently., or all in due
course ; it is only found in the Present Indicative.
Tusa sumba kio:
We shall buy it all in due course.
Sa {j>erf. -sidi).
Sa, making its Perfect in -sidi, is found in the Present Perfect and Past
tenses, it is only used in a Negative statement, to which it adds some measure
of an emphasis or definiteness, to take care not to. The Negative Particles are
always used, for sa does not convey in itself any Negative idea (as is the case
with lembwa).
Ke l)asa wo samunwina muntu ko :
They took care not to mention it to any one.
There is no idea of taking care in it, but that phrase conveniently expresses
the emphasis,
[p. 694.] Simba.
Simba cannot be classed with the Auxiliary Verbs as on page 694, for it
always takes the Article before the Infinitive which follows, and is an ordinary
Regular Verb, not an Auxiliary at all.
Basimbidi dila ; not basimbidi dila :
They began to cry.
[p. 695.] Vika.
Vika may be rendered by, used to, before., aforetime., ■previously.
Wavika kubasia e vuvu:
He used to trust in them.
Ovikidi nwana ndwana zingi:
He used previously to fight a great deal.
[p. 696.] Za.
Za is a Defective Auxiliary Verb found in the Future Consequent Sub-
junctive, to do after., to do then., then to proceed to... ; see also page 696.
Bele kuna ezandu baza nikuna nkindu :
They went to the market and stirred up a row.
Una kalueke, kaza kubayuvula vo...:
As soon as he arrived, he proceeded to ask them....
[p. 698.] Kwiza or kwenda, before another verb.
The rule as to this construction is given on page 698 ; to that should be
added that where the Continuative Form is used it appears on the second Verb.
In Dissyllables only the final a of the stem becomes i, and when the Con-
tinuous Form Suffix is added, it is -nge (as that applied in the Perfect). In
verbs of three or more syllables the final a of the stem is unchanged, and the
suffix is -nga.
Wele avavinge:
He went seeking.
Diatila kwandi kayenda adiatilanga:
He went walking (on foot, not carried).
(985 )
Kwendi avitinge ko:
Do not go on in front.
When a Verb in the Reflexive Form follows kwiza and kwenda in this
manner, the Prefix ku- of the Reflexive Form does not appear, but instead the
Prefix yi-.
Kekwenda ayisaninge (from kuskna) :
He will go boasting,
Wele ayikokelanga :
He went dragging himself along.
THE INTERJECTION.
E.
The Interrogative Interjection e is used at the end of an interrogative
sentence which has no Interrogative Pronouns or Adverbs (-eyi, nki, nkia,
nani) to mark its interrogative character ; but when such Interrogative
Adverbs or Pronouns are present it is not used.
Kwenda okwenda e ?
Are you going ?
Nga otondele e?
Is he grateful ?
Nani umbokele?
Who called me ?
Akweyi kena?
Where is he ?
Nkia nzo?
What house ?
Nki kina mo?
What is in it ?
When a question is asked as an alternative to a previous question, the e is
not repeated ; neither is it required after any but the first of a series of
questions.
Nga kuzolele o kwenda ko e ? ovo kulendi ko ?
Do you not wish to go, or can you not ?
Aweyi tuvanga? tuteka kio, ovo veta kio, ovo tukayila kio kwa
wantu akaka?
What shall we do, sell it, or throw it away, or give it to other people ?
ACCENT.
Nouns in mu-, Plural miu-,
There are a few Nouns bearing in the Singular the Prefix mu-, which make
in the Plural mill-, because the Prefix mu- is a contraction of mu + U, u being
the first letter of the Stem ; for this reason the u of the contracted Prefix in the
Singular takes the Accent, while the u of the miu- takes the Accent in the
Plural.
Mtingula, warmth, ;J/«m/ miiingula ; «>., Mu-f-ungola, mi-i-ungula.
Triplicated Monosyllabic Adjectives.
When a Monosyllabic Adjective is triplicated for special emphasis, it is
accentuated on the Prefix and Penult.
-anda, long ; mkudandkiida, luandandanda, very long.
-ampa, new ; kiampampampa, very new.
-anse, fresh ; yansensense, very fresh.
The Numeral -ya, four.
The Cardinal Numeral -j2^^four^ takes its Accent on the Prefix immediately
preceding the Stem when it has more than one syllable (nya, mkya).
Primary. Secondary.
mkya kya iya
ttiya ziya memaya
mtiya mtinya tiya
The Ordinal Numeral -eya, the fourth, is accented on the Stem only.
weya dieya veyk
yeya kweya fieya
kieya lueyk
The Applied Form.
The Perfect Continuous Tense of the Applied Form takes the Accent as
follows :—
Ofongel^nge kastimlidiiige banatininge
The same Tense in the Simple Form of the Verb would be accentuated
thus : —
OfdngeUnge kastimbidinge banatininge
The extra accent comes in consequence of the rule at the foot of page 702,
in which the distinction between the Perfect of the Simple and the Applied
Forms is noted as indicated by an extra Accent on the Applied Form.
Simple. Applied.
Obakidi obakidi
987
( 988 )
The Double Applied Form.
The Double Applied Form when complicated with other Form Suffixes is
thus accentuated : —
Natisinina : to cause to carry for... for.
Bakisidila : to cause to catch for... for.
Sklukidila : to fl i n ch about .. for .
Vangamenena : to be complete in... for.
The Perfect Tenses of the Double Applied Form are accentuated as
follows : —
Tudodokdlele tudodokeleUnge
Kasximbidididi kasumbidididinge
Kasaulwididi kasaulwididinge
Forms in -ana.
The Suffix -ana carries a persistent Accent on the first a, zdlana, not
zdlana. The Suffix -anana accentuates on the second a. These Accents are
not influenced or shifted by the other Accents in the same word.
beyindusiananga benktananga
kitambukakananga ikonanananga
kifwkntalakananga bkkanisinina
kitikkalakananga bakanisi
bewasaziknanga zolanina
bazdlknanga zolanini {Perf. Applied)
The Applied Reflexive Form.
The Applied Form of the Reflexive Form is thus accentuated : —
kdkwizila kayiyizidi
kukwendela bayiyenddle
ktisumbila tuyisumbidi
Accented Pronominal Prefixes.
It is noted on page 670 that there is no Objective Pronominal Prefix for the
2nd person applied to the Verb ; the person addressed is aware of the fact, and
needs no such mention. In those tenses which retain the Prefix -ku- between
the Subjective and Objective Prefixes, the presence of the -ku- serves to
indicate that there is an Objective Prefix understood, otherwise there would
be no -ku-. In those tenses which do not retain the -ku-, there is a special
accent on the Prefix, instead of the first syllable of the Stem. So strong is
this accentuation that it appears almost to double the first consonant of the
root (although there is no real closed syllable in Kongo, nor indeed in any
Bantu language). Kavuluza, that he 77iight save you^ is pronounced almost as
kavvuluza.
Kktala : that he may see you.
Twasadisa : that we may help you.
Banata : that they may carry you.
Yksumbila : that I may buy... for you.
This sharp accentuation of a Prefix occurs also in the 3rd person singular of
( 989)
I he Negative of the Future Consequent tense Subjunctive, to distinguish
between : —
Easumha, that he may sell ; and kasumba, that he may not sell.
Kavila, that he should perish ; and kivila, that he should not perish.
As this tense does not take the second Particle of Negation, some such
listinction is necessary.
A negation by Accent is common in other Bantu languages ; in Mpongwe
laboon), for instance, ebekenda, he will go; ebekenda, he will not go ;
:amba, he speaks; ekamba, he does not speak.
There are a few words which seem to be accentuated contrary to the
lies : —
Eleldnsi : a plain.
E kakamba : borne by many.
Lel^mba : to do slowly.
Nkuluntu : an elder, head-man.
Kuluntu : seniority, headship.
Palkta : silver.
Lumbwa-mbokoso : a chatterbox.
Nonono : a number of tiny spots.
They are all probably contracted or compound words.
Elelensi, probably from elele-nsi ; the monosyllable nsi throwing its Accent
back on the previous syllable, and the Accent on the first syllable of the root
being lost.
E kakamba, a contraction of e kamba-kamba.
Lelemba, probably a contraction of lemba-lemba.
Nkuluntu, from nkulu muntu, so nkulu-ntu, the monosyllable ntu throw-
ing its Accent back on the previous syllable.
Kuluntu, from the above,
Palata, from the Portuguese pr^ta, hence palata.
Lumbwa-mbokoso is probably thus accentuated for the sake of euphony,
Nonono, a contraction of nono-nono, from nona, to pick up.
Circumflex.
Kuna, muna, and vana final.
When these Locatives are emphatic at the end of a sentence, the Accent is
broadened out into a Circumflex.
Okalokala bansolwele muna:
At length they found him in there.
Adieyi nunsisidi vana?
Why did you leave him there ?
The Circumflex, or broadened Accent, is used to distinguish between t.vo
roots which are otherwise exactly alike, as noted at the foot of page 703.
Baka, to catch ; b§,ka, to rend.
Bula, to strike ; bula, to lance an abscess.
Bula, to break.
Deka, to cut up small ; d6ka, to ache.
Deka, to trim the hair ; d§ka, to shine.
3 T
( 990 )
Deka,
to crack.
Fuka,
to be forged ;
fuka,
to come to an end.
Fula,
to blow, forge ;
fula.
to bring to an end.
Kita,
to buy ;
kita.
a vivid impression.
Kula,
to drive away ;
kula,
to redeem.
Lekoka,
to burn fiercely ;
16koka,
to be released (of a spring)
Lumba,
to put down heavily ;
lumba.
to mix.
Mbaku,
gain ;
mbaku.
an ambassador.
Mvudi,
a water buck ;
mvudi.
greens.
Mvuku,
forbearance ;
mvuku.
manure.
Mvula,
rain ;
mvula.
selfishness.
Nanga, ^
Nangi,
Nangu, J
1
nanga,
/- perhaps.
> unless, except ;
nangi.
1
nangu.
Ngatn,
presently ;
ngatu.
perhaps, unless, especially
Nkaka,
a manis ;
nkaka.
a grandparent.
Nlekoko,
, ardour ;
nlekoko
1, patience.
Nsala,
feathers ;
nsala,
a cray-fish.
Nsona,
a day of the Kongo week ;
nsona.
an orphan.
Padisa,
to cause to kick ;
padisa.
to cause a counter-move.
Pala,
to kick ;
-apala,
thin.
Sala,
to work ;
sala.
to be left.
Sadila,
to work for ;
sadila.
to be broad.
Sadisa,
to help in work ;
sadisa.
to make broad.
Vila,
to be lost ;
Vila,
to finish off.
Vilwa,
to make a mistake ;
vilwa.
to want to.
Vuka,
to copulate ;
vuka.
to be spared, let off.
vuka.
to be stripped off.
And all derivatives of these words, and their cognate words.
PUNCTUATION.
»he Stops used in the Punctuation of a sentence should naturally represent
actual pauses, and inflexions of voice in speech ; it is more convenient
also to speak of Commas, and other Stops, than to explain each time the
pauses, and inflexions of voice which they indicate.
Very little need be written as to the Punctuation in Kongo ; sentences and
clauses divide themselves so naturally that there is little or no difficulty in
deciding the position of a Stop.
The Comma.
A Comma is frequently needed before a Noun in Apposition, to preserve the
sense.
Makitu, wa mfumu a nsi :
Makitu the chief of the country.
Without the pause, the wa might be mistaken for wa, of.
In this Appendix, under the "Pronoun — Subjective Pronominal Prefixes,
3rd Pers., Sing, and Plural," it is noted that a pause after i bosi shows that
the sentence introduced by it is a new departure or stage in the proceedings
being related ; it makes a difference in the Prefix applied to the Verb ;
instances are there given.
When there is a pause before VO, that^ it becomes OVO ; OVO, that., should
therefore have a Comma before it.
Edi kavovele, ovo, ke tuvangi wo ko :
He said that we should not do so.
The Note of Interrogation.
If a question contains several alternatives, the Note of Interrogation, and the
rise of voice which it requires, come at the end of the first question, and not
after the alternatives ; when there are no alternatives, the Note of Interrogation
comes at the end of the question.
Nga diansongi edi dia vanga mawete muna lumbu kia vundu e?
OVO vanga mayi; vuluza moyo, ovo vonda.
Is it lawful on the Sabbath day to do good, or to do harm ? to save a life,
or to kill ?
991
SYNTAX.
The Subject.
compound nouns.
The Subject may be a Compound Noun. In such case the principal Noun
rules the sentence ; but its own component parts concord with their own prin-
cipal Noun.
E kimfumu a evata kinkatwilu :
The chieftainship of the town is taken away from him.
The Subject is ki- (mfumu-a-evata), and to this the Verb accords kinka-
twilu ; but the Adjectival Phrase, a evata, agrees with its own Noun, mfumu,
making mfumu a evata, chief of the tow7i; to this idea the Abstract Prefix
ki- is added, which thereupon implies the chieftainship-of-the-tow)i [(chief-of-
the-town)-ship].
mumpingilefwa dia kintinu a nsi olueke :
Tiie successor-to-the-inheritance of the office-of-king-of-the-country has come.
Here the Noun mumpingila, the inheritor, is the Subject of the Verb,
olueke ; this Subject is further extended by taking the Noun, efwa, as a Suffix,
and this extension is further qualified by the Adjectival Phrase, dia kintinu
a nsi, which agrees with the Noun, efwa, which it qualifies. This sentence
therefore gives a double instance of such complication, for kintinu ansi=ki-l-
(ntinu-a-nsi) ; its component parts are ntinu-a-nsi, king-of-t he-country, which
on receiving the Prefix ki-, implies the offtce-of-king-of-the-coutitry.
The expression, kintinu kia nsi, is admissible, and implies the kingship oj
the country J but in such a sentence as that given above the more correct idiom
would be that therein used.
E kimvuluzi a ekanda diaku muna moko ma atantu au kwa ngeye
kiyekelo :
The office-of-deliverer (deliverership) of your clan from the hands of their
enemies, to you it is given.
Here the Subject is kimvuluzi, which is composed of mvuluzi-ekanda-
diaku, bearing the Prefix ki- ; the mvuluzi being further qualified by the
Adjectival Phrase, a ekanda diaku, which agrees with mvuluzi ; so that it
is really ki-(mvuluzi-a-ekanda-diaku), the office-flf-deliverer-of-your-country ;
the Possessive Pronoun, diaku, of course concords with its Noun ekanda.
A complicated construction results under these circumstances, but it is gram-
matically correct ; and since the Verb yeka {or yekwa) requires the abstract
Noun of the office or title to follow it, there is no other way of expressing it.
E kimbuta a makesa kiandi kivika telekwa :
His captaincy of the soldiers will soon be announced.
'J92
F
( 993 )
Osiwa e kiyekwa kia unlongi a Esi Ekongo:
He was delegated to the office of teacher of the Kongos.
i.e.^ he was appointed teacher of the Kongos.
This construction is also referred to in this Appendix under "The Noun —
«eenth Derivative."
Nouns connected by Conjunctions.
When the subject is composed of two or more Nouns connected by the Con-
junction, ya, ye, yo, they may figure as in the sentences at the foot of page 704 ;
but in that case the first yo would be translated in English by both.
Yo ngeye yo yandi nwenda :
Both you and he go (you go).
mundele ye ngamba zandi zilueke:
The white man and his carriers have arrived.
mfumu ya aleke andi babakamene :
The chief and his followers are caught.
The Relative Pronoun.
The Relative Pronoun is not always expressed in introducing the Relative
Clause ; it is often understood.
Mbongele nlele wasumbidi ezono :
I took the cloth which you bought yesterday.
I yau yiyi e nzo oyikidi:
This is the house that you mentioned.
Attributes of the Subject,
compound attributes.
When two or more Attributes qualify one Noun, the subsequent Attributes
(whenever possible) are coupled to the first Adjective by the Conjunction ye or
yo, but as Nouns (abstract where possible), not as Adjectives. If one of these
subsequent Attributes is a participial idea (in English), the Infinitive Noun
represents it.
The Quantitive Adjectives, -ingi, -akaka, -awonso, &c., are excepted from
this rule, as also the Numerals, the Possessive and Demonstrative Pronouns
(which are adjectival) ; they precede all other Attributes, and are not followed
•^y ya, ye, or yo.
^w^ wantu ambi yo nlau :
^^^B Bad and wild people.
^^r wantu alau yo bi {abstract^ not mbi) :
^L Wild and bad people.
^fe Kadi nti am bote yo mfuiiu :
^^B For it is a good useful wood.
^f mfuimi au anunu yo zolwa:
K Their aged and beloved chief.
( 994 )
Wana ame anzolwa yo zola :
My beloved and loving children,
Makangu maku matatu mankulu ye vuvu:
Your three old and trusted friends.
Muntu ambi yo lufuma :
A bad and cruel man,
E nsusu a malu mankufi yo matete :
The short-legged spotted fowl.
Some Adjectives are not or cannot be thus expressed. For instance, when
the subsequent idea is not one of a combination of Attributes, but a further
Attribute of an already qualified Noun, it follows on as an Adjective, just as an
Adjective follows on after a Quantitive Adjective, Numeral, or Possessive, or
Demonstrative Pronoun.
E kinkutu kiaku kiambwaki kiankulu:
Your old red coat.
In English we should not say, your old and red coat^ neither in Kongo do
they introduce a Conjunction. The Conjunction is more often omitted in
English, but wherever it is altogether inadmissible, it is omitted in Kongo.
nlele andi ebundi ampa:
His new blue cloth.
Mateva mame matatu ma mfubu mampwena mampa:
My three new great pandanus mats.
Noun in Apposition.
I
A Noun in Apposition may be an Attribute to the Subject. In such case it
is preceded by the Particle -a (which serves to introduce an Adjectival Clause,
see pp. 561, 562), The Particle, in such case, receives the Secondary Prefix
of the Class proper to the Noun, to which it introduces a qualifying clause
(p. 562).
Jizu Kristu, wa Mfumu eto:
Jesus Christ our Lord.
mfumu Makita, wa ntu a nsi:
The chief Makitu, paramount chief of the country.
E diambu diadi diambote kikilu, dia ngiza andi :
It is a very good thing indeed, his coming.
Ona tunina e nsundidi, ya lutufakeso lua atantu eto :
By whom we have the victory, the utter rout of our enemies.
Muna diadi tunina ye nzimbu zampa, za frank ye sentime :
For this reason we have a new currency, francs and centimes.
There is also another idiom in use when the Noun in Apposition appears
more as though it were in a list. In such case it appears without Article or
Particle.
Salu kimosi kizeye ko, vata:
One class of work I do not know, agriculture.
Vena ye ma kiesivi ndembele mona, ekumbi dia ntoto :
There is one marvellous thing which I did not see, a railway train.
I
( 995 )
Omaka mana ke bekitanga mo ko, nkwezo :
Certain produce they do not trade in, india-rubber.
The Article.
The following rules for the use of the Article have all been grouped here for
convenience and comparison.
1. In a simple positive predication the Subject and Object take the Article
proper to their Class. In a negative predication the Article is absent between
the Particles of Negation (ke...ko), except in the cases noted under other rules.
mpangi ame osumbidi o nkanda:
My brother bought a book.
mpangi ame kasumbidi nkanda ko:
My brother did not buy a book.
Tusaukidi e Nzadi o unu:
We crossed the river to-day.
Ke tusaukidi Nzadi ko o unu :
We did not cross the river to-day.
E nzo audi ke imene tungwa ko:
His house is not finished building.
Bamvene e nkumbu a Luvunina:
They gave him the name of Luvunina.
Ke bamvene nkumbu ambote ko:
They did not give him a nice name.
Kuna nsi eto ke kwina mfinda ko :
There are no forests in our country.
Muna mfinda zeno ke mwina ntemo ko :
In your forests there is no Ught.
Vana eyanga dina ke vena dole ko:
There are no mud-fish in that pond.
2. The Article in Kongo gives more or less of definiteness to its Noun ; it
indicates that it has previously been spoken of, or it is a case in point, or in
some way well known ; but when the Article is absent, and there is no rule to
cause such absence, its absence specially marks the indefiniteness of the Noun ;
in such case, in English we might use so7ne...or other, a?ty, one of.... This is
specially the case after OVO, if, and in negative clauses generally. There are
other rules for the presence or absence of the Article to be noted further on.
In the case of Negative Clauses, the Article is present when the Noun is
definite, or where the subject of conversation is a case in point ; it is absent in
a general remark.
In the Imperative Negative, and Subjunctive Negative, the presence of the
Article indicates that, at the time in question, the contrary to what is ordered
or suggested is being done ; in such case the Adverbs, so, like that, as {you, &c.)
do, would often be used in English.
Umpana e mbele:
Give me the knife.
Umpana mbele :
Give me a knife.
( 996 )
E lumbu kiakina, ndonga ampwena yanlandanga :
That day a great crowd was following him.
Ke babongele nkutu ma ko :
They did not take anything at all.
Mbala osumbidi o nkele :
Mbala bought a gun.
Mbala kasnmbidi nkele ko:
Mbala did not buy a gun.
Nga e mbele aku ina muna nzo e?
Is your knife in the house "i
Nga mbele aku, ina muna nzo e?
Is that a knife of yours which is in the house?
Kizeye e lekwa kiaki mfunu ko:
I do not know the use of this thing.
Ovo muntu olembi kwenda :
If any man does not go.
Ovo muntu olembi kwenda:
If the man does not go.
Ovo muntu okunsadila, mbula kandemvokela :
If a man (any one) will work for me, let him obey me.
Ovo muntu okunsadila, mbula kandemvokela :
If the man will work for me, let him obey me.
Ovo e mbele ame ina muna nzo, twasa yo :
If my knife is in the house, bring it.
Ovo mbele ame ina muna nzo, twasa yo :
If any knife of mine is in the house, bring it.
Ovo mbele ina muna nzo, twasa yo :
If there is a knife in the house, bring it.
Ovo e mbele ina ina muna nzo, twasa yo :
If that knife is in the house, bring it.
Ovo e yitu yeno ikunusaula, ke diambu ko :
If your relatives hate you, never mind.
Ovo yitu yeno ikunusaula, ke diambu ko:
If any of your relatives hate you, never mind.
Wenda tala ovo o ngwa aku ankazi wina muna nzo :
Go and see whether your uncle is in the house.
Wenda tala ovo ngwa aku ankazi wina muna nzo :
Go and see whether it is one of your uncles who is in the house.
Ke basolwele nsabi ko:
They did not find the key.
Oyikidi vo batuvana ma twadia:
He told them to give us something to eat.
Edi mbenze se betunganga e nzo au:
I think that they are now building their house {?iot before mentioned).
Ovo muntu okuyuvula ovo muntu wina muna nzo:
If any one asks you whether any one is in the house.
( 997 )
mbunzi ame osumbidi kwanga kia ntaku tanu :
My brother bought five ntaku worth of kwanga.
Mbula benda kolo kiandwelo :
Let them go for a little while.
Ne yandi okutuvovesa diambu:
As though he would say something to us.
Bonga nlele wau, ovo e nkanda miomio, ovo e mbele yasumbidi
ezono, ovo nlele akaka:
Take this cloth, or these books, or the knife I bought yesterday, or some
other cloth.
Ovo nlele akaka:
Or the other cloth.
Ovo nlele akaka:
Or other cloth.
Imperative Nef^atives.
£e nusimi o vova e ndinga zakaka ko:
Do not forbid the speaking of other languages {there being a case in point).
Ke nusimi vova ndinga zakaka ko :
Do not forbid the speaking of other languages {general admonition).
Ke nuteleka e mioyo mieno ko :
Do not be so anxious.
£e nuteleka mioyo ko:
Do not be anxious {generally).
Kufungi makasi ko :
Do not be so angry {as I see you are).
Kufungi makasi ko :
Do not be angry {general adnio7iition).
Kuvondi o mwana ko:
Do not kill the child {as you seem to be doing).
£e nutubi mbongo zeno ko :
Do not throw away your goods {general).
Ke nutubi e mbongo zeno ko:
Do not throw away your goods {case in point).
Ke nutokanisa o wana eno ko :
Do not worry your children {as you do).
Subjunctive Negative.
Kala vo kakufika e lumbu ko:
Had he not shortened the days {%vhich were fixed).
£di katungidi e kozo, e ngandu ke zadia e nkombo zandi:
He built a stock-yard fence so that the crocodiles should not eat his goats {as
they used to do).
Unkanikini vo kayambula o tunga e nzo ko :
He ordered him not to stop the building of the house {but he is doing so).
Unkanikini vo kayambula tunga nzo ko :
He ordered him not to stop building the house {neither has he done so).
( 998 )
Simple Negative.
Ke benatanga e mpu a mfumu ko:
They are not bringing the (said) hat of the chief.
Ke benatanga mpu a mfumu ko :
They are not bringing the chiefs hat (// must belong to some one else).
3. In a simple reply to a question, if a Noun commences the sentence, it
takes an Article.
If the reply is not a sentence at all, but a Noun, it may take an Article if the
Noun is qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun, or a Relative Clause.
Replies.
Lekwa kiaki kavwidi nkinzi :
He needs this thing.
Kadi mbele audi ivididi:
Because his knife is lost.
Lolonzi ame ngizidi tambula:
I have come for my watch.
Nki kezidi vava? Nlele audi:
What has he come for ? His cloth.
Qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun.
Nki kelombanga? E mbele yayi:
What is he asking for .'' This knife.
Aweyi? E kiandu kiaki:
What t This chair.
(2ualified by a Relative Clause.
Nkia nzo? E nzo ina isongele:
Which house ? The house which I showed you.
4. There is no Article before Reduplicated Partitive Nouns, unless it is used
in the construction of the Verb to have, as in the third sentence.
Babakidi kimbundi-kimbundi :
They got a piece of cloth each.
Nubavana mbele-mbele:
Give them a knife each.
Tuna kweto meso mole-mole:
We have each of us two eyes.
5. The Article is not used in a Catalogue, or a Heading, or Title, or in indicat-
ing one, or certain individuals out of a number, for some purpose known to all.
Betekanga nkove, kwa, evembe, ye minse :
They are selling cabbages, potatoes, spinach, and sugar-cane.
Title page.
MWELO A ZAYI:
" The portal of knowledge," a Primer.
Heading.
Mavangu ma Ntumwa:
The Acts of the Apostles.
( 999 )
Nkombo aku ivondwa:
Your goat is to be killed.
j Mwana andi mpe osala:
His child too is to stay.
v^ML Mvungudi otiama e nkuni:
^^^V The herdsman is to fetch firewood.
v^M 6. In a Positive statement in which the Object is first mentioned or thrown
V^K to the end of the sentence, to give it prominence, it does not take an Article,
I^P unless the Object is further represented by an Objective Pronoun after the
*^ Verb, or when the Demonstrative Particle i precedes the Verb, which always
happens under the above circumstances, when the Noun is qualified by a
Demonstrative Pronoun.
E kuma kadi, o nkanda ame osumbidi wo :
Because he bought my book.
E kuma kadi, nkanda ame kasumbidi:
Because it was my book that he bought.
Ezaka ntangwa mpasi monanga za nzala:
Sometimes I sufifer hunger.
Nkombo kazolele teka:
He wants to sell a goat.
Aleke bezidi, nkanda balombele :
The boys have come, they ask for a book.
Nzo andi ketunganga:
He is building his house.
E mponda kamvondele, nsosolo kansukidi :
He killed him by stabbing him with a sword.
muntu, ovo mfuka zandi kedia:
If a man gets into debt.
IVt'^A an Objective Pronoun as well.
E kuma kadi, e nganzu, ovo olembele yo yoka, evata diaku divia:
Because your town will be burnt unless you burn a fire ring round it.
nlungu ame bakanini wo o yiya:
They made up their minds to steal my canoe.
/ [ 'ith the Particle i.
nlele ame mpe i kabongele:
And he took my cloth too.
E ntaku za mfumu i bakayanini:
They shared together the chiefs ntaku.
Qualified by the Demonstrative Pronoun, and having the Particle i.
Aleke bezidi, o nkanda una oyikidi i bazolele :
The boys have come, they want the book which you spoke of.
E nzo yayi i ketunganga :
He is building this house.
( lOOO )
At the end of the sentence.
Tuzolele kio tala, e lekwa kiaku:
We want to see it, that thing of yours.
Sumba nsumba zo, e nkombo :
I will buy them, those goats.
Ke tumwene yo nkutu ko, e leke yaku:
We did not see them at all, those boys of yours.
7. In a Negative statement, when the Object precedes its Verb, or is placed
at the end of the sentence, outside the Particles of Negation, it is represented
by an Objective Pronoun after the Verb ; in such case the Object always takes
the Article.
E nzo andi nkutu, kazolele yo tunga ko :
He does not even want to build his own house.
E nsusu aku, kimwene yo kwame ko :
I did not see your fowl.
Ezaka ntangwa madia mandi kazolele mo dia ko :
Sometimes he does not like to eat his food.
Kizeye dio kwame ko, e diambu dina oyikidi:
I do not know the matter you mention.
Kisumbanga zo kwame ko, e nkombo za yela:
I do not buy sick goats.
8. The Article is prefaced to the Name of a person, when it stands as the
Subject of a Verb, no matter what its position in the sentence ; but if the sen-
tence in which it appears is an answer to a question, the Name does not take
an Article.
If a Style or Title (Uncle, Chief, &c.) is prefaced to the Name, or stands
instead of it, the Style or Title follows the rule, and the Name follows after,
without any further Article, as though the Style or Title were part of the
Name.
Zeka obokele aleke ame :
Zeka called my boys.
Luvezo wizidi kungyuvula diambu:
Luvezo came to ask me something.
ngwa ame ankazi Nzinga olueke:
My uncle Nzinga has arrived.
Nelamvu ozolele sumba e esikilu diaku:
Nelamvu wants to buy your musical instrument.
Diamoneka otungidi e mbangu andi:
Diamoneka made her basket.
ngwa ankazi Nlemvo, ke yandi ko :
Not Uncle Nlemvo.
nsanga ame Nsona wele kuna evata diandi :
My sister Nsona has gone to her town.
Nsiku kalendi kwenda ko:
Nsiku cannot go.
( lOOI )
Out of fiorvial position.
Wele kwandi, o Lukelo:
Lukelo has gone.
Osumbidi kio, o Nkunku :
Nkunku has bought it.
Kwiza kekwiza, o Tata:
Father is coming.
Bavangidi ne i kavovele, o Mfumu:
They did as the Lord commanded.
Kazeye tunga nzo ko, o Ngwa ankazi :
Uncle does not know how to build a house.
Wan kitekele o mwini, mpasi kemona o Tata:
Now that the sun has come out, Father will suffer.
Nkia ndata kenata kio, o Bakana?
How will Bakana carry it ?
Bakayanini e mfundi kalambidi o Ponte :
They divided out the mfundi that Ponte cooked.
Utusamunwini owu kavangidi o Sodiadia :
He told us what Sodiadia had done.
/// an ansiver.
E kuma Nlemvo wayele ezono:
Because Nlemvo went yesterday.
Luvezo unsamunwini wo :
Luvezo told me.
Ingeta, ezaka ntangwa Sita okwendanga:
Yes, sometimes Sita goes.
The Verb wana, when it is used in the sense of to find., and has for its Object
a Noun Clause indicating the state of things found, if the Subject of the Noun
Clause is the Name of a person, the Name takes the Article ; in that case the
Name is not the Object of the Verb, but the Subject of the Noun Clause, so the
Name takes the Article.
Bele wana o Kikudi yau kevinganga:
They went and found Kikudi waiting for them.
9. When the Name of a Person, or a Style, or Title, is the actual Object of a
Verb, it does not take an Article, whatever its position in the sentence, not even
when it precedes the Verb for any reason, nor in a Relative Clause. But when
the Name, or Style, or Title, is represented by a Personal Pronoun, or by an
Objective Pronominal Prefix on the Verb, the Name, &c., may be mentioned
after the Clause or sentence ; in such case it takes an Article.
Basamunwini Luvezo e diambu diau ekulu:
They told Luvezo all about it.
Nkia ndata kenata Bakana?
How will he carry Bakana?
Knbokela Tata Bukusu ko :
Do not call Father Bukusu.
( I002 )
Nwenda sadisa Situa:
Go and help Situa.
Nda yuvula Makwekwe :
Go and ask Makwekwe.
Adieyi onatinanga Nengudi?
Why are you carrying Nengudi ?
Out of normal position.
Ingeta, mfumu Kikudi besadisanga:
Yes, they are helping the chief Kikudi.
Nlandu kaka tumwene :
We only saw Nlandu.
Relative Clause.
Bokela Ndomfunsu, ona ovwidi Baka:
Call Ndomfunsu, who owns Baka.
Vana kio kwa Ewete, ona osadisanga Luvila:
Give it to Ewete, who is helping Luvila.
Represented before the Verb.
Kadi yandi "babokele, o Nkia-ngudi :
Because it was Nkia-ngudi they called.
Tunzolele beni, o Ngwa ankazi Lotutala :
Of Uncle Lotutala we are very fond.
Wenda kunsusumuna, o Mvemba:
Go and call Mvemba.
10. The Article may appear before each of a man's Names, when more than
one is mentioned, and the Name is the Subject of the Verb. It is more courtly
so to do, but it is certainly a cumbersome form of speech, and may be dispensed
with.
Manwele o Kedi unsamunwini vo :
Manwele Kedi told me that
11. Sometimes Animals, &c., are personified; in such case they take the
Article as ist Class Nouns.
dievwa umbakidi :
The jackal caught him.
ngo ovovele vo :
The leopard said that
12. The Names of Places follow the rules of Common Nouns, not those of
the Names of Persons.
E nsi ina ifinamene e Ngombe:
That country is near Ngombe.
Kimwene kwame Kindinga ko:
I did not see Kindinga (a town).
13. A Noun in Apposition takes no Article.
Dia kumosi kidianga ko, mfundi:
One thing I do not eat, mfundi.
\
A
( I003 )
Omaka mana ks mena o nluta ko, malonga ye yinkutu :
Some barter stuff brings no profit — plates and coats.
14. When a Noun is qualified by -ingi, much^ many ; or by -andwelo, or
-akete, a Httle^few^ it does not take the Article, unless the sentence is prefaced
by:-
1 diau
i kuma kiki dianu
e kuma i diau didi
e kuma kadi okala vo kadi
e kuma? kadi
nkia kuma? adieyi?
and such words stating and requiring a reason. In such case it takes an
Article.
The Noun qualified by -ingi, &:c., also takes an Article when further qualified
by a Demonstrative Pronoun, or a Relative Clause, or when it occurs in a
Relative Clause, or in a Clause commencing with wau, una, OVa, vava,
yavana, kufwila owu...ko.
Where -ingi would be translated by much of, or many of; and -andwelo, or
-akete, by few of a little of its Noun takes the Article, and is followed by a
comma.
Nzau zingi zina muna mfinda zeto :
There are many elephants in our forests.
Wantu andwelo l)evwatanga e mbadi:
Few people wear palm fibre cloth.
Nzo zakete zisidi kuua evata diandi:
Few houses remain in his town.
Maza mengi mezidi muna nlungu :
Much water came into the canoe.
Reason, dr'c.
E kuma, e kwanga yakete kikilu isidi:
Because there are very few kwanga left.
Nkia kuma nubongele e nsonso zakete?
Why did you take so few nails ?
Qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun.
mavia mau makete mafwene :
Their few fields are sufficient.
Qualified by a Relative Clause.
E nguba zakete, zina babakidi, ke zifwene ko :
The few ground-nuts they got are not sufficient.
E nanazi (zina) tusolwele, zingi :
Many were the pine-apples which we found.
In a Relative Clause.
Awana banete e ntaku zakete kaka, ke yau ko :
Not those who carried only a few rods.
( I004 )
After wau, dr^c.
Many of &^c.
Wau kafudidi e nsengo zakete:
Since he forged but few hoes.
wantu, engi bamwene o wonga:
Many of the people were afraid.
E ngamba, zingi zifwidi:
Many of the carriers died.
15. The strengthened form, -ayingi, is generally employed instead of -ingi
when the Article is present ; but -ingi is the more frequent form when the
Article is absent.
-ayingi has also this peculiarity, that when it qualifies the Subject of the
Verb, the Subject takes an Article whether it would or not with -ingi ; but when
it qualifies the Object, the Object only takes an Article when it would with
-ingi ; see the above rides.
E nsangu zayingi U-^^^^. ^^^ngana ^
Nsangu zmgi j
Much news is spread abroad.
Enkayizayingij^-^^^^gl^.
Nkayi zmgi j
Many antelopes have been killed.
Banzitisi luzitu luayingi :
Luzitu luingi banzitisi:
They respected him greatly (with great respect).
E nzo zayingi zambote zividi:
Nzo zingi zambote zividi:
Many good houses have been burnt.
Qualifying the Subject.
E nzau zayingi zina muna mfinda zeto :
There are many elephants in our forests.
maza mayingi mezidi muna nlungu:
Much water came into the canoe.
Qualifying the Object.
Bantwese madia mayingi:
They brought me much food.
E mfumu zimfundidi mambu mayingi :
The chiefs charged him with many things.
Reason.
Nkia kuma batwasidi e mbasa zayingi?
Why did they bring so many mbasa 'i
E kuma, e nzo zayingi bazolele tunga:
Because they want to build many houses.
Qualified by a Relative Clause.
E nguba zayingi, zina babakidi, ke zifwene ko :
The many ground-nuts which they obtained are not enough.
I
( I0O5 )
After wau.
Wau tusumtidi o mamia mayingi:
Now that we have bought many mamia stems.
1 6. Before kwa, how many (primary form), the Noun never takes an Article ;
but when kwa is in the Secondary Form {see p. 566), the Noun takes the
Article.
Sometimes, however, the Secondary Form is used as the Primary ; in that
case it does not take an Article, any more than the simple Primary Form in
kwa.
The difference between the true Secondary Form and that used as a Primary
Form is very often difficult to distinguish. When the Secondary Form is used
with the Article, the Noun has been the subject of thought and conversation
and the simple question is asked as to how many of them. When the Second-
ary Form is used as a Primary Form, without the Article, the Noun has not
been mentioned or considered specially, and the question is rather, how many,
if at all.
Primary.
Secondary.
Nti kwa okesele?
How many trees did you fell ?
Nsonso kwa ovava?
How many nails do you want ?
Nkumbu kwa wele?
How many times did you go 1
maki mpe, makwa osumbidi?
The eggs too, how many did you buy ?
E ntaku, zikwa zisidi?
The ntaku, how many were left ?
E mfundi, zikwa nudianga muna lumbu?
How many cassava puddings do you eat a day ?
When the Secondary Form is used for the Primary.
Ntaku zikwa zisidi?
How many ntaku are left.''
Nzo zikwa zividi?
How many houses were burnt ?
Maki makwa ozolele?
How many eggs do you want ?
Kwa-ekwa and -kwa-ekwa, how many each, follow the same rule.
Primary.
Mbele, kwa-ekwa babongele ?
How many knives each did they take .''
Seco7tdary.
E mfundi mpe, zikwa-ekwa nuzolele ?
How many cassava puddings do you want, each of you ?
Secondary Form used for the Primary.
Maki mekwa-ekwa nulambidi?
How many eggs have you boiled, each of you ?
3U
( ioo6 )
17. In a Relative Clause all common Nouns take an Article, whether the
Clause be positive or negative.
Obokele Mbandila, ona ozolele teka e nkombo mbazl:
He called Mbandila, who wants to sell a goat to-morrow.
Ke vena ona unsnndidi nene ko :
There is no one (who is) greater than he.
Ana ke bazolanga lunda e nsiku miandi ko:
Those who do not wish to keep his laws.
Ona, kifweno nata e nsampatu zandi ko:
Whose shoes I am not worthy to carry.
Dina kafongele nkento :
That (mat) on which the woman sat.
Mana ke mena nsikn ko:
Against which there is no law.
Ona kavangidi e diambu ko :
Who had done nothing,
Tufongele vana vakedi e ndonga:
We sat down where the crowd was.
Ke tutunga vana vena matadi ko :
We will not build where the stones are.
Muna ke mwasiwa nkntu muntu ko:
Where no man had ever been laid.
Kuna ke kwina ntemo ko, ke kwau ko :
Not where there is no light.
Kuna kulungidi wantu i tukwenda:
We are going to the place where the people are congregated.
Sia kio vana vena maza :
Put it where there is water.
Kala kuna kwina e leke yame:
Remain where my boys are.
Kiaolele kota muna mwina e tombe ko :
I do not like to go into a dark place (where there is darkness).
Kuna nsi eto, kuna ke kwina e mfinda ko, ke kwau ko :
Not in our country, where there are no forests.
Osisidi kio vana ke vakedi muntu ko :
He left it where there was no one about.
Muna ke mwakedi ntoto ayingi ko:
Where there was not much earth.
In the following sentence the Negative Clause is not part of the Relative
Clause which ends at the word mo.
Ana bewanga mo, ke be monanga wonga ko :
Those who hear of these things are not afraid.
( I007 )
1 8. A Participle may initiate a Relative Clause ; in such case the Noun which
it qualifies takes an Article.
IE nzo katungfidi o nleke akn:
The house which your boy built.
wantu betunganga e nzo zau, ke bekwenda ko:
The people who are building their houses need not go.
A Participle thus initiating a Relative Clause may agree with its own Object
by " attraction," and the construction result which is noted at the foot of page
707, and is further explained in these notes on the Syntax, under " The Predi-
cate, Subjective Prefixes — Concord by Attraction ; " in such case the rule of the
Relative Clause prevails, with the sole exception of the names of Persons,
Styles, or Titles, which do not take the Article.
Nani okuntwasa e nsangu za mambu mevova se aku?
Who will bring me word of what your father says ?
Kina kizolele ntima ame :
That which my heart loves.
Belandanga e fu ivanganga wantu ambi :
They follow the customs of bad men.
E nkombo ina ididi m^vwa:
The goat which the jackals ate.
{this might be translated^ the goat which ate the jackals.)
Concord by attraction; Subject a Proper Noun.
Oyau kaka, ana bekwikilanga mambu mavova Nzambi :
They only who believe the words which God spoke.
Nda kubasamwina mambu mampwena mkvangidi Nzambi:
Go and tell them what great things God has done for you.
Ne i wau uvovele mfumu :
Just as the chief said.
Kuna kulele Mpukuta ke kwambote ko :
The place where Mpukuta sleeps is not a good one.
Kuna kwayalukila Mfumu Makitu :
The place to which the chief Makitu removed.
Bansamunwini kuna kwayenda Ngudi-ankama :
They told me where Ngudi-ankama had gone.
Tulueke muna evata muna mufwila Nsona:
We came into the town in which Nsona died.
Muna sapala muna mwatunga Ngwa ankazi Nsompi:
In the copse where Uncle Nsompi built.
Kuna kwina Nkwezi Lukelo:
Where Nkwezi Lukelo is.
Kuna kwina mfumu:
Where the chief is.
When there is no " Concord by Attraction," and a Proper Noun stands as the
Subject of the Verb, the Noun takes an Article.
►
( ioo8 )
I bosi toma kutusamunwina oma kevova o Kidudu :
And then tell us properly what Kidudu says.
Utusongele oma katusonekene o Ntima-nsieme :
He showed us what Ntima-nsieme wrote to us.
Kazolele kunsamunwina oma kavovele o mfumu ko :
He does not want to tell us what the chief said.
Twawa o mambn mampwena kamvangidi o Mfumu :
That we may hear the great things which the Lord has done for him.
The Demonstrative Verbal Particle i may preface a Relative Clause, In
such case the rules as to Relative Clauses are in full force.
Ana bena ye fu yayi i bemona o wonga :
It is those who have such customs who fear.
Konso muntu ozolele o vioka i nulembi mwesa e mpasi :
Any one who wishes to pass by, he it is to whom you must do no harm.
Ana bewanga mo i ke bemona e mpasi ko :
It is those who attend to these things who do not suffer.
19. A Noun qualified by a Cardinal Numeral does not take an Article. The
following exceptions to this rule must, however, be borne in mind : — A Noun
thus qualified takes the Article when it appears in a Relative Clause ; or when
qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun, or Relative Clause ; or when the
Numeral is combined with the Demonstrative Pronoun (see the list at the foot
of page 573) ; or when that particular Number is specially definite ; or after
kwa, how many ; or in quoting some well-known instance or case in point.
Where the Noun forms part of a clause in which the Verb is preceded by una,
wau, vava, ova, ovo, yavana, kufwila owu...ko, it takes the Article, since
it is always definite.
Qualified by Numeral ; Iitdefinite.
Sumba nsusu ya:
Buy four fowls.
Lumbu kimosi twele akangala :
One day we went for a stroll.
Tuvondele nkayi zole:
We killed two harnessed antelopes.
Lumbu tatu tulele muna nzila :
We slept three (days) nights on the road.
In a Relative Clause.
Tusumbidi e kimbundi kina mavwata masambanu :
We bought a piece of cloth which was six fathoms long.
Muna evata dina tulele e lumbu tatu :
In the town in which we slept three days.
Vana yo kwa awana banete e zenzo tanu :
Give them to those who carried five barrels.
Vana vena e mbangi zole :
Where there are two witnesses.
( I009 )
Qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun, or a Relative Clause.
Kizolele e nkombo zazi zau atanu ko :
I do not want these five goats.
mateva mau amatatu, ke man ko :
Not these three mats.
E nsusu tanu, zina oyikidi :
The five fowls which you mentioned.
E ntaku zazi makumasambanu :
These sixty ntaku.
specially definite.
E yandu nana ngikidi, ke yau ko :
Not the eight chairs I mentioned.
E lumbu ekimosi :
One of the days.
Nutunga e nzo eyimosi :
You must build one of the houses.
Ufwene vo o muntu mosi ofwa, ke mu wantu awonso ko :
Better that one man (in particular) die than all.
muntu omosi :
One of the men.
After kwa.
Nkumbu kwa ndenda kaya e ntaku nkama yo makumaya muna
wantu makumole ?
How many times can I divide 140 rods among twenty men ?
Wantu kwa balenda nata mazitu mole?
How many men can carry two loads (each) ?
Instance or case in point.
Nga e mbizi zole, ke zau ko zatekwa muna lutaku e 1
Are not two fish sold for a rod .-'
E nlungu miole miakukwidi ezono, miakangwa e nkangwa mosi :
The two canoes which drifted away yesterday were tied in the same way.
With una, wau, &^c.
E ngonde nsambwadi ova zavioka :
After seven (or the seven) months.
E mvu miole una milungidi :
When the two years were up.
Una kiviokele e lumbu tanu:
When the five days were over.
A Noun qualified by a Partitive Numeral does not take an Article, except in
Relative Clause.
Ubavana mankondo mole-mole :
Give them two plantains each.
In a Relative Clause.
E ngamba zina zinete malonga matatu-matatu :
Those carriers who have carried three plates each.
( lOIO )
20. There is an idiom in which the Object of the Verb is qualified by a Pos-
sessive Pronoun {adj.), and neither the Subject nor the Object takes an Article ;
in such case it is always imphed that the Subject performs the action predicated
himself, for himself, on his own account, not for any other. In this construction
the Article is conspicuously absent from both Subject and Object, not even
appearing as a Prefix to the Personal Pronouns.
Mpangi ame wateka mbwa zandi vana ezandu :
My brother himself sold his dogs on the market ;
With the Articles : —
mpangi ame wateka e mbwa zandi vana ezandu :
My brother sold his dogs on the market.
Ngwa ankazi otunganga nzo andi :
Uncle is building his house himself ;
{With the Articles :~\Jnc\e is building his house).
Kadi Kikudi ovwidi nzo andi :
For Kikudi has his own house.
Nata kayi kiaku :
Take a cutlass for yourself ;
{With the Article : — Take your cutlass),
Bonga nguba zakn:
Help yourself to ground-nuts, or take ground-nuts for yourself.
Tuzolele tunga belo kieto :
We wish to build a quarter for ourselves.
Mono nsumba mbizi ame:
I will buy my own meat.
Mpangi ame wele tiama nkuni zandi :
My brother is gone to get his own firewood.
Tuzolele solola nsi eto :
We wish to find a country for ourselves.
Mono mpwidi lekwa yame :
I own my own things.
Ovo onata e vevo kiame, nata mpe vevo kiaku :
If you carry my umbrella, take one for yourself.
Kunati madia maku ko :
Do not take food for yourself;
( With the Article : — Do not take your food).
21. When a Common Noun is qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun {adj.),
or a Relative Clause, it always takes the Article, whether in a Positive or
Negative Clause.
Qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun.
Kisumba kwame e nkombo yayi ko :
I will not buy this goat.
Kalendi sweka e diambu diadi ko :
He cannot hide this affair.
Kolo kingi ke bamwene e ntetembwa ina ko :
They did not see that star for a long while.
( ion )
Eatungidi e nzo yayina ko :
He did not build that house.
Eusonekene e ngamba zazi ko :
You have not written (the names of) these carriers.
Tuyokele e ebaya dina diambote :
We burnt the good plank.
Eikakilwa e nzila yayi ko :
I will not have this road shut against me.
Eivwidi e lekwa kiaki mfunu ko :
I have no use for this thing.
Qualified by a Relative Clause.
Ee tuzolele o nlele una ulembi zinga ko ;
We do not like cloth which does not wear well,
Ee tuvidisi e mbele ina watuvana ko :
We did not lose the knife you gave us.
E nzo ina oyikidi yambote kikilu :
The house you mentioned is a fine one indeed,
Nsumbidi e ngulu zina twamwene ezono :
I have bought the pigs which we saw yesterday,
nleke wina wan :
Such a boy as that.
Eisnmba e nkombo ina wau ko :
I will not buy such a goat.
Eisumba e nkombo ina oyikidi ko :
I will not buy the goat you mentioned.
22. No Article comes between nkia, what^ and its Noun.
Nkia mnntu?
What man .?
Nkia ntangwa?
What time 1
Nkia nkombo ifwidi?
What goat is dead t
23. In a Clause introduced by ne or nze, as^ as though^ the Nouns do not take
an Article.
Ne banza vo nzo zau zividi :
As though their houses were burnt.
Nze yandi wele vava nzimbu :
As if he had gone to seek some beads.
Ne yeno nuvwidi mbele yayi nkinzi :
As though you had some need of this knife.
Bakotele ne yau bemonanga nsoni :
They entered as though they were ashamed.
Ne kazeye lekwa kina mfunu ko :
As if he did not know the use of that thing.
( IOI2 )
24. No Article is used in the construction noted under " while (a little while),'
on page 8io.
Una bafongele kimfonga-mfonga :
When they had been sitting a little while.
25. The Article is always present in subordinate sentences, whether Positive
or Negative, which are connected with the principal by wau, una, ova, vava,
yavana, wan kadi, kufwila own...ko, with any Predicate but kala or ina,
to be.
See rule 30.
Nzaml)i, wan kazolele kelelwa wantn e kimenga ko :
Since God does not desire human sacrifices.
The simple statement would be : —
Nzambi kazolele kelelwa wantn kimenga ko :
God does not desire human sacrifices.
Wan ke vena e knma ko :
Since there is no reason.
Wan ke bena nsikn ko :
Seeing that they have no law.
Wan ke babongele nkntn e ma ko, tnbayambwidi :
As they did not take anything, we let them go.
Una bamwene mnntn mnna nzo :
When they saw a {or the) man in the house.
Una ke bamwene mnntn mnna nzo ko :
When they saw no one {or did not see the man) in the house.
Una kafndidi nkntn vova ko :
Before he had finished speaking.
(///. while as yet he had not at all finished to speak.)
Una kiatnngidi e nzo ame ko :
Before I had built my house.
Une ke kiabwidi e sivn ko :
Before the cold season set in.
Ova ke vamonekene mnntn ko :
Before any one appeared.
Vava ke kiasemeno e nza ko :
Before the creation of the world.
Esi nsi, yavana ke bayambwidi vonda e ndoki ko :
The people, until they abstain from killing witches
Aleke eto, kufwila own tnbalongele e fn yambote ko :
Our boys, although we taught them proper behaviour,
Kufwila own kaleml)ele yambula e nsita zandi ko :
Although he did not give up his passion.
Yavana ke nukondelo nkntn tukau ko :
So that you were lacking in no gift.
E nsangn, una zalnaka, wantn awonso wonga ubabakidi :
When the news arrived, all the people were seized with fear.
(///. fear seized them.)
( IOI3 )
26. No Article appears after the Conjunctions, 0V0,kaiLa, either^ or, neither,
nor ; ngatu, musungula, neither, nor, especially or certainly not. wiien they
connect with a 7iegaiive clause or sentence ; neither is there any Article after
nanga, nangi, nangu, ngatu, nganu, except. When ovo, kana, ngatu,
musungula connect with a positive sentence, the Article is used.
Kukangala ko, ng&tu teka maza :
Do not walk about nor fetch water,
Kibasongele lulendo ko, ngatu kanga yitu yau :
I did not behave proudly to them, nor tie up their relations.
Awonso nangu Dimbu :
All but Dimbu.
wantu awonso bekwenda, nangu mfumu :
All the people will go except the chief.
Bonga konso nsusu ozolele, nanga nsusu ampembe :
Take any fowl you like, except the white one.
Kunati nzimbu ko, ovo mbele, ovo nti, ngatu nkele :
Take neither money, nor a knife, nor staff, nor gun.
With Positive Clauses.
Kana o nlele wau, kana e mpu, ke diambu ko :
Whether this cloth, or the hat, it does not matter.
Bonga konso nsusu ozolele, ovo e ekoko dina, ovo e nkento ina :
Take whichever fowl you like, either that cock or that hen.
27. There is never any Article after the Preposition -a, of; or after any of
the Locatives.
Mwisi a mfomo :
Tobacco smoke.
Ntambi za wantu :
The footsteps of people.
Nzo a mfumu :
The house of the chief.
Wele kuna belo kiandi:
He is gone to his part of the town.
Vana kio kwa nsusu :
Give it to the fowls.
Muna nkele :
In the box,
Vana fulu :
On the spot.
28. When a Narrative commences with an Impersonal Verb bearing a Loca-
tive Prefix, no Article ever precedes the Noun, not even when it is qualified by
a Relative Clause.
Vakezi muntu vana ezandu unu :
There was a man at the market to-day.
Kulueke Mundele kuna evata dieto ;
There came a white man to our town.
( IOI4 )
Muvikukidi tembwa kiampwena :
There beat down a great storm of wind.
Vakala muntu wakala yo wana audi wole :
There was a man who had two sons.
If, however, the Impersonal Verb introduces a secondary incident into a
Narrative, an Article is prefaced to the Noun in Positive sentences. In such
case, some Conjunction is expressed or implied in English, and^ now, too, also ;
or an Adverb, after that, then, at last, &c.
I bosi, vezidi o muntu :
After that there came a man
Vakedi mpe o nlungu vana ekumu :
There was a canoe also at the beach.
{Negative.)
Ke vakedi mpe nlungu va ekumu ko :
There was no canoe either at the beach.
Mwakala e ndonga a aleke muna nzo :
Now there was a crowd of boys in the house.
Vamonekene o nkunzi a mfumu :
(After that) a messenger from the king appeared.
{Negative.)
Ke vamonekene nkunzi a mfumu ko :
There appeared no messenger from the chief.
These remarks only apply to cases where the Impersonal Verb introduces the
Subject, and commences the sentence.
29. When the Verbs kala, -na, or -ina, to be, are used with or without the
Article to express the Verb to have {normally), the Noun which completes the
Predicate takes or omits the Article in accordance with the general rules of
the Article ; so also when these Verbs bear an Impersonal Prefix (Locative or
ki- for titne), they follow the general rules.
When these Verbs precede a Noun under any other circumstances than those
above noted, they are never followed by an Article.
When the Verb to be is understood, but not expressed, or where the Demon-
strative Verbal Particle i (which is equivalent to the Verb to be in all its parts)
precedes the Noun, and serves as the Verb to be; or after the Pronominal Particles
i, U, tu, twa, nu, nwa {see page 579) ; or after the Particles se, ne or nze ; or
when -ina is combined with VO (bena vo) ; the Noun following never takes an
Article, not even in a Relative Clause, and so far overrides that far-reaching
rule.
With kala or -ina, to have {normally).
Wina kwandi moyo :
He is alive (with life).
Awana bena meso mole :
Those who have two eyes.
E mbizi ina ke ina nkila ko :
That animal has no tail {negative clause).
( IOI5 )
Bearing a Locative Prefix.
Bafongele vana vakedi o maza :
They sat down where there was water.
Wele kuna kwina o mbunzi ame :
He is gone to the place where my brother is.
With kala and -ina, to be, under other circumstances.
Mbula kakala aka nkaza ame:
Let her continue to be my wife.
Mbula kakala nkaza ame :
Let her be my wife.
Kazolele kala mfumu ko :
He does not wish to be chief.
Nzolele kukula, yakala mfumu ngani :
I wish to redeem myself, that I may be free.
Ke tukedi ntaudi zandi ko :
We were not his boys.
Ozevo okala kaka mpofo :
Then you will always be a blind man.
Wau ngina mfumu aku :
Since I am your chief.
Twakalanga ntaudi zandi :
We were his boys.
mbazi nkala nkwa aku :
To-morrow I shall be your companion.
Kadi mfumu kena :
Because he is chief.
The Verb^ to be, understood.
Unkitwidi nkaza audi :
He made her (to be) his wife.
Ovangidi kio mbele audi :
He made it (to be) his knife,
Tuwumbidi lo kinzu :
We moulded it into (being) a cooking pot.
Ikumvanga mvwama kikilu :
I will make him (to be) a very rich man.
Adiejri bankitulwidi mbundu?
Why have they made a slave of me .'' (///. me to be a slave)
E nkombo ke ilendi kituka ngulu ko :
A goat cannot be transformed so as to be a pig.
Ozengele wo nti ankufi :
He cut it so that it was a short stick.
Insumbidi mbundu ame :
I bought him to be my slave.
Una ngyele kubatala, kinga wana aku ankazi!
When I went to see them, they were your nephews !
( ioi6 )
Tuwidi e titi isosola, nsa, tukulukidi:
We heard the grass rustle, it was a nsa, we crouched down.
Aleke yau awole, Bakana yo Mpongi :
The two boys are Bakana and Mpongi.
wantu yau atanu, wana ame nkutu :
Those five people are all my children.
Ondioyo mbundu a Makitu :
That man is a slave of Makitu.
With the Particles.
Kadi eyayi i nzo eto :
For this is our house.
Nga vo i mfumu eto :
As for our chief
I mpanga tuvangidi kio :
That is how we made it.
Zizolele kala diaka i mfumu ko :
I do not wish to be any longer chief.
Konso ona ovanganga esumu i mbundu a esumu :
He who commits sin is the slave of sin.
Kumoni o wonga ko, tu mpangi zaku :
Do not be so afraid, we are your brothers.
Ovo yeno nu mfumu :
If you are chiefs.
Ovo yeno i mfumu :
If you are the chiefs.
Ovo yau i a mfumu:
If they are the chiefs.
Ovutukidi se mfumu ngani :
He came back (being) a free man.
Kansi owau se nleke ambi :
But now he is a bad boy.
Wina kwandi ne bulu :
He is like an animal.
Untungila e nzo, ne nzo aku :
Build me a house hke yours.
Kina ne i wantu akaka ko :
I am not like other people.
Wina nze mfumu eto :
He is like our chief.
-ina vo, &»c.
A mfumu bena vo minkwikizi :
The chiefs who are Christians.
Owau se bena vo wana ansona :
Now they are orphan children.
Ana bena vo i mfumu zeto :
Those who are our chiefs.
( IOI7 )
Relative sentence.
Kina kina ne nsongo :
Which is hke copper.
30. After an Auxiliary Verb the Infinitive Noun never takes an Article ;
otherwise the Infinitive Noun follows the rule of other Nouns. After zola it is
sometimes dispensed with.
Toma nata :
Carry carefully.
Osinga kwenda:
You will go all in due course.
Bevika luaka :
They will soon be here.
After any other Verb the Infinitive Noun takes, or omits the Article accord-
ing to the general rules above given.
Misundidi lambuka :
They are longer,
Nani ozolele sumba kio?
Who wishes to buy it ?
Balutidi zola e mbika ke mu mbizi ko :
They preferred gourd pips to meat.
Bazolele kikilu kwenda :
They want very much to go.
N.B. — The rules which regulate the use of the Article iti combination with
other parts of speech, or members of the sentence^ are here given that all may be
together, and thus afford better means of comparison.
31. The Adjective konso, ^^^/it, ^t/^ry, always precedes its Noun, but never
receives an Article Prefix, neither does the Noun it qualifies take an Article
under any circumstances.
Konso muntu kenda kwandi :
Any one may go.
Konso etadi, etadi kwandi :
Any stone will do (///. any stone is a stone).
Bokela konso muntu :
Call any one.
Konso aleke banata yo :
Any boys may carry them.
32. The Secondary Adjective -aka, some^ takes the Article Proper to its
Noun as a Prefix.
Ezaka ntangwa :
Some times.
Eyaka lekwa :
Some things.
33. The Personal Pronouns follow the rule of the Nouns as to the use of the
Article or otherwise. They receive the Article as a Prefix when a Noun would
have it, and dispense with it when it would be absent in a Noun.
[oi8 )
The Personal Pronouns, however, take no Article prefix in a reply ; or in a
curt assertion ; or before kaka, and aka, only ; or after a Locative ; or after
OVO, or kana, either^ or; or after the Particle i ; or in a Negative Clause ; see
also rule 20.
With the Article Prefix.
Wau vo oyandi mpe mwisi Ekongo :
Since he too is a Kongo.
Oyeto tumvovese vo :
We said to him that.
Oyeno nu akwa ngangu :
You are the wise ones.
Oyau mpe benda dia :
They too may go and eat.
Reply.
mwisi Ekongo nani ? Yandi :
Which is the Kongo .? This is he.
Nani ? Mono i muntu :
Who .? I am the man.
Nani ofilanga e mpaka? Yeto kweto kibeni
Who raises objections .'' We ourselves do so.
Nani ovntukidi ? Mono kwame :
Who has returned ? I.
Nani utumini ? Yandi kibeni :
Who sent you ? He himself.
Nani i mfumn ? Ngeye i mf umn :
Who is chief.? You are the chief.
Curt assertion.
Mono i mfumu a evata :
I am the chief of the town.
Yandi i nleke ame, untuma ovo ozolele wo :
He is my servant, send him if you like.
Mono kwame i Mvungudi ambote :
I am the good Shepherd.
Before kaka.
After a Locative.
After i.
Mono kaka nzeye dio :
I only know it.
Ovene kio kwa mono :
He gave it to me.
Oko kwa yeno :
To you.
Vo i mono :
As for me.
Edi babenze, i mono :
They think that it is I.
( IOI9 )
Bena ne i yeto :
They are like us.
Ovovele nze i yandi
He speaks like him.
Jn a Negative Clause.
Eansi ke mono ko :
But it is not I.
After ngatu, nangn, or ovo.
Ke yandi ko, ngatu mono :
Neither he nor I.
Konso muntu nangu yandi :
Any one but he.
Ovo ngeye, ovo yandi, ke diambu ko :
Either you or he, it does not matter.
34. The Personal Pronouns take the Article Prefix before the Demonstrative
Particle i, or even without it, when comparisons, or contradistinctions are
being made ; also before mpe, too^ also, as well; or after musungnla, or
ngatu, especially, in particular, when it connects with a Positive Clause,
otherwise the Article Prefix is absent.
Comparisons, ^'c.
Omono i mfamn, oyeno i leke :
I am the chief, you are the servants.
Oyeto i asnkami, ongeye i mvwama :
We are poor people, you are rich.
Ovo wantn akaka balembeie kwenda, omono, kwenda nkwenda :
If other people will not go, I (for my part) will.
Mpe, dr'c.
Omono mpe, nzeye tanga :
I also know how to read.
Oyau mpe bene ye ngangu :
They too are clever.
Musungula oyeno, longa iknnulonga :
Especially you, I will teach you.
Nzolele wantn awonso benda, musungnla oyeno esi belo kiame :
I want all the people to go, especially you who belong to my quarter.
Oyeto awonso mpe tuzolele toma vwata :
All of us too, we wish to dress well.
Musungula and ngatu after a Negative Clause.
Ke vekwenda muntu ko, musungula ngeye :
No one shall go, especially you.
Kimwene aleke ko, ngatu yandi :
I did not see any boys, certainly not him.
35. "When the Personal Pronouns are qualified by -awonso, all, they do not
take the Article Prefix unless they are preceded by musungula, especially, in
particular, or followed by mpe, also, too, as well.
( I020 )
Tuzolele o kwenda, yeto awonso :
We want to go, all of us.
Kekubavondesa ko, yau awonso :
He will not put all of them to death.
Akinani tukwenda yau ? Yeto awonso :
With whom shall we go .'' With us all.
36. After e kuma, and such words stating or requiring a reason, the
Personal Pronouns take the Article Prefix, unless the case is exceptional, or
kaka, only^ is expressed or understood ; in that case the Article Prefix is
absent.
E kuma kadi oyeno, zonza kwingi :
Because you are very quarrelsome.
Kadi oyeto, kwiza tukwiza :
Because we are coming.
Exceptional.
Kadi yeno nuzolele kumwesa e mpasi zazi:
Because you like to bring this trouble upon yourselves.
With kaka.
Kadi yandi kaka basadisi :
Because they only helped him.
37. Adverbs derived from Nouns, when not formed with the Locatives, or ya,
ye, or yo, are simply preceded by the Article ; this will be apparent from the
list on page 604. When such an Adverb is brought out of its normal position,
so that instead of following the Verb, it precedes it, the Article is dropped.
The following Adverbs of time may take their Article when they precede the
Verb, when they are highly emphatic :— luku, e mbanu, nganu,
mbatu, ngatu, masika, mbazi, unu, elelo. In the same way
the Locative Adverbs and Prepositions take the Article as a Prefix, when
specially emphatic, and preceding the Verb.
E kuma kadi, nswalu kabamwene :
Because he saw them quickly.
Kadi malembi kediatanga :
Because he walks slowly.
Mbazi kekwiza :
He comes to-morrow.
Mbatu okuna yo :
Plant it later on in the day.
Ngovo nutambwidi, nuvana e ngovo :
Freely you have received, freely give.
Ezaka ntangwa betela ikwendanga :
Sometimes they coincide.
Kimfundu-mfundu kevovanga :
He speaks in whispers.
Lumonso ketanga :
He plays left-handedly.
( I02I )
specially emphatic.
unu okwenda :
This very day he will go.
mbanu okwiza :
He will be sure to come presently.
fuku wele :
He actually went by night.
Locative Adverbs specially emphatic.
Okoko i kena :
He is there (with you).
Omuna tukunwaiia :
There we shall surely meet him.
Ovava ke vau ko :
Not there.
Locative Adverbs specially emphatic.
Oktma nzo ; kumwene ko e ?
At the house ; do you not see him 1
Okwaku kwina o maza, ke kwau ko :
Not here where there is water.
Ovavana ezandu :
There on the market.
38. In simple statements the Adverbs, nswalu, quickly; malembe, gently;
kieleka, truly; kikilu, indeed, are not preceded by an Article ; but an
I Article appears in the phrase, e kieleka kiau, surely.
Wenda nswalu :
Go quickly.
Nata malembe kikilu :
Carry it very gently.
Toma kunsamunwina kieleka:
Tell me truly.
39. After e kuma, i kuma kiki, e kuma kadi, okala vo kadi, kadi,
dianu, diau, i diau didi, i, nkia kuma? e kuma? adieyi? and such
words stating or requiring a reason, the Adverbs, nswalu, malembe, and
e kieleka, take their Articles, when they assume their normal position — follow-
ing the Verbs they modify.
E kuma kadi, kwenda nswalu, diampasi :
Because it was difficult to go quickly.
I diau didi ndembele kio natina malembe :
That is why I did not carry it carefully.
I tuvovelanga nswalu :
That is why we talk rapidly.
Adieyi nuzolele dio kunsamunwina e kieleka wau?
Why do you want to tell me truthfully about it now ?
3 X
( I022 )
40. The Conjunction and Preposition ya, and, or with, may combine with
the Article proper to the Noun following it, and thus become, ya, ye, orjo, as
the case may require ; in so doing it follows the rules of the Article, combining
in those cases in which a Noun takes an Article, and not combining where an
Article should be absent, except in the cases noted below,
Wenda ye vevo kiaku :
Go with your umbrella. ^,
Banete o loso, ye ntaku, yo mungwa, yo malonga, ye nsonso, yo 1
nkele mosi :
They carried rice, and salt, and plates, and nails, and one gun.
41. When the Conjunction and Preposition ya, ye, or yo, is used in a
Negative Clause, the first time it occurs it does not combine with the Article,
except in those cases in which a Noun would take it ; as in a Relative clause,
&c., see the rules above. The second and any subsequent occurrences
combine with the Article.
Ke tuna ya kwanga ye mMzi ko :
We have no kwanga or meat.
Ke tuna ya ml)ele ko :
We have no knife.
Kina ya mwana akaka ko :
I have no other child.
Ke twizidi ya nkele ye mbele yo maswanga ko :
We have not come with guns and knives and spears.
Relative Clause Negative.
Mana ke makedi yo mfunu ko:
Which were useless.
Nuvondele muntu kena ye diambu ko :
You have killed a man who was innocent.
After wan, ^c.
Wau kina ye nzo ko :
Now that I have no house.
Una kakedi yo mwana ko :
When he had no child.
42. Ya, ye, or yo, are used before Nouns qualified by a Numeral.
Tukwenda ye mfumu zole :
We shall go with two chiefs.
43. When ya, ye, or yo, are used before konso, whichever, any, &c., they
agree with the Noun or Pronoun qualified by the konso.
Yo konso nti:
And every tree.
Ye konso nkombo :
And any goat.
Yo konso ona :
And any one who .
( I023 )
Ye konso zina :
And any which .
44. Ya is used without an Article before the Names of Person^, when the
Person in question is not a personal acquaintance ; it carries with it the
Enghsh idea of, a certain, or some one na?ned.
Bele ya Tezo :
They went with a certain Tezo.
Vana ezandu dina bawananini ya Mpandu :
On that market they met with a person named Mpandu.
I bosi bavambanini ya Ntoni :
Then they separated from (the man) Ntoni.
45. Ya is used without combination with the Article, when surprise is ex-
pressed, or when any unusual or astonishing circumstances are spoken of.
mfumu wekala ya nzimbu zingi :
The chief had a great deal of money.
Ne yeno nwatuka ya moyo muna mafwa :
As if you had come back alive from the dead.
Owau wina ya wana engi:
Since you have many children.
Bena ya kiese kingi :
They are very happy.
[p.7o8.]THE POSITION OF ATTRIBUTES.
In the preceding consideration of the " Attributes of the Subject " there are
given sentences which may serve to illustrate also the position of such attri-
butes in the sentence ; there will be found also certain rules on pp. 708-9,
It needs further to be noted that in a series of qualifying words and clauses
the Possessive Pronoun has the precedence, and stands next to its Noun ; next
in order come Numerals, or the Demonstrative Pronoun, or combinations of
both ; then the most characteristic, or important attribute ; then any further
qualification ; if there are more than one remaining, then -ampa, «^wy -ankulu,
old; -ambote, good; -ambi, bad; and such qualifications rank last in mention.
E mbele aku yayi:
This knife of yours.
Nsusu zeno tatu :
Your three fowls.
E nti miau antatu miambote :
Those three good trees,
malonga mame maya manti mampembe mampa mambote :
My four good new white wooden plates.
Eouso.
Konso, each^ any, every, always precedes the Noun or Pronoun which it
qualifies.
Konso muntu :
Any man.
"aj^a, ~a£aica<
The shorter form, -aka, is practically the Secondary Form of -akaka, so>ne,
other, some more, -aka precedes its Noun, concording with it, and taking the
Article proper to the Class of its Noun as a Prefix.
The longer, or Primary form, -akaka, follows its noun.
Ezaka usonso ; or e nsonso zakaka :
Some nails.
Akaka is preferred with Nouns of the ist Class plural, and precedes its
Noun, unless it implies some more, or follows a Preposition ; in that case it
follows its Noun.
Akaka antu bazolele zo :
Other or some people like them.
wantu akaka balueke :
Some more people have come.
Muna diambu dia wantu akaka :
For the sake of other people.
( 1025 )
Otherwise -aka is generally to be translated by so vie ; -akaka, by other;
-aka...-akaka or -aka... aka..., in comparisons, by some. ..other. .
Ezaka ntangwa bekwizanga, e ntangwa zakaka ke bekwizanga ko :
Sometimes they come, at other times they do not.
Emiaka nti misavukidi, emiaka ke misavukidi ko :
Some trees have budded, others have not.
Kwame, &c.
The Pronouns kwame, kwakn, kwandi, kweto, kweno, and kwan, follow
immediately after the Predicate ; but an Objective Pronoun has precedence, if
there be one ; when there is an Auxiliary (or Auxiliaries), it comes after the
principal Verb.
Bele kwan :
They have gone.
Kizolele kwame kwenda ko :
I do not wish to go.
Onete yo kwandi :
He carried it.
Kizolele mo kwame soneka ko :
I do not wish to write them.
Adieyi nnlembele vika zo natina kweno?
Why did you not carry them off quickly 1
The Predicate.
combinations of two or more verbs.
When two or more Verbs, connected by the Conjunction yo, combine as one
Predicate, the first alone receives the Subjective Pronominal and Tense
Prefixes, the other Verbs appear in the Infinitive mood, bearing any Objective
Pronominal Prefixes which may appear on the first Verb. No Objective
Pronoun is repeated.
Nunlanda yo knnlemvokela :
Follow and obey him.
Bampavidi yo knnsolola :
They sought and found me.
Nntoma knbakayisa yo knbatambnla :
Greet them well, and accord them a reception.
With an Objective Pronomi.
Tnbongele zo yo toma Innda :
We took them, and carefully kept them.
Fnla dio yo knfika:
Finish it then, and make it short.
The Auxiliary Verbs.
When the idiom requires that the Verb which receives the Auxiliary should
be preceded by its Infinitive Noun, or the nth Derivative Noun (see page
532), which is formed by prefixing the light nasal to the stem, it is never the
( I026 )
Infinitive Noun, or the nth Derivative Noun of the Auxiliary which thus
precedes, but always that of the principal Verb.
I ngyenda ndembele kwenda :
This is why I did not go ;
(///. This is the going I failed to go.)
I ndata kalendele Mo nata :
This is how he was able to carry it.
Bansanrnnwini e mpaika kavikidi vaika :
They told me how soon he went out.
Kwenda kelembi kwenda :
He will not go.
Sumba yadi kio snmba, kansi :
I should have bought it, but .
Luaka tunanga luaka o mbazi :
We shall perhaps arrive to-morrow.
THE ORDER OF COMBINED AUXILIARIES.
Sometimes more than one Auxiliary will assist one Verb, in such case the
Negative Auxiliaries take the first precedence, lemba, -lembi, kambwa, -adi ;
next in order of precedence are those of certainty {delayed), za, singa, sa ;
next, possibility, nanga ; then, potentiality, lenda, fwete ; then, those of time,
or position in point of time, teka, vika, vita, -kanini, -kini (Bako.) ; next,
the Auxiliary Verbs, baka, bonga, tnka ; then, those of manner, toma,
kwama, sala ; and lastly, those of completeness, mana and vwa.
It is probably correct that zola, to want, when followed by the Infinitive
Noun without its Article, is an Auxiliary Verb ; it takes the precedence of all
the Auxiliaries ; an Objective Pronoun, if there be one, immediately precedes
the principal Verb ; except when the Auxiliaries mana and vwa are employed ;
these two Auxiliaries immediately precede the principal Verb, and the Ob-
jective Pronoun must precede them.
12 3 4 5
6
7
8 9
Want. Negative. Certainty. Possibility. Potentiality.
Time.
(?)
Manner. ^°,7,'f ""
zola lemba za nanga lenda
teka
baka
toma mana
-lembi singa -fwete
vika
bonga
kwama vwa
kambwa sa
vita
tuka
sala
-adi
-ka,nini
-kini
EXAMPLES.
Baza nanga lenda vika toma kio vwa katnla :
They will then most probably be soon able to completely take it away in a
careful manner.
Bazolele teka mana luaka :
They wish to arrive all of them (completely) first.
Adieyi balembele kwama kwizila?
Why do they not come constantly ?
Bafwete vika luaka:
They ought to be here very soon.
i
( I027 )
Awana balembi singa kwenda:
Those who will fail to g-o when the proper time comes.
Olenda toma dio soneka, ovo ozolele wo :
You can write it well, if you care to do so.
E nzimbn zame zawonso kabongele zo mana dia, odidi zo :
All my money he must needs appropriate completely.
(In recounting the outrageous circumstances of the last example, a good orator
would introduce thus the Verb bonga, and state what was done, and then
repeat the statement, odidi zo, the whole interested part of the audience
repeating the odidi ZO with him at the same time ; tiiis is a very effective
style of harangue, the audience being in this way worked up into excite-
ment and indignation, and thus the point is carried.)
The Complement of the Predicate.
In English the Verb to be admits of an Adjective as its complement ; in
Kongo this is never the case, only Nouns or Adverbs (or Noun or Adverbial
Clauses) can so serve ; sometimes the Verb to be is transformed into the Verb
to have {to be with), to get over the difficulty. Unless an Adverb is preferable,
a Noun or Noun Clause corresponding to the adjectival idea in English is
used ; where the idea is participial, the Infinitive Noun serves to express it.
In Relative Clauses the Particle vo follows immediately after the Verb to be,
when a Noun is its complement.
Akwa umvwama bena ; or mvwama bena :
They are rich.
Kuna makasi kena :
He is angry.
Eena diaka ku makasi ko :
He is no longer angry.
Bena ye kiese kingi :
They are very happy ; ///. They have great happiness.
Awana kaka bena vo avimpi yo kumama :
Only those who are healthy and strong.
Kuna kwa awana bena vo minkwikizi yo zolwa:
To those who are faithful and beloved.
Awana bena mvwama mu nsangi a kiese :
Those who are rich as well as happy.
Verbs of Restricted Sense.
Certain Verbs indicating motion concern themselves only with the place
from which the action proceeds, and not at all with the direction towards which
the action tends ; among them are, katuka, to go away from, to leave; and
yaluka, to migrate from. When the place from is of no moment, while the
place tozvards only is mentioned, or the motion is viewed in both its aspects,
from and towards, either the Applied Form must be used before the place
towards (the place from being omitted) ; or the Verbs kwenda, to go, or
kwiza, to come, must be made use of. Kulumuka, to descend to, refers to the
place to which the descent is made, and the above rule must be adjusted
accordingly.
( I028 )
Katuka muna nzo :
Go out of the house.
Bekulumuka ova nsi :
They will come down to the ground.
wantu awonso bakatukidi muna nlungu, bezidi kuna eseke :
All the people got out of the canoe (and came) on the beach.
Bayalukidi kuna Ngombe a Ntumba, bele kuna Mputu-Kasongo :
They migrated from Ngombe a Ntumba to Mputu-Kasongo.
Bakatukila kuna nsi akaka:
They went away to another country.
Subjective Prefixes.
On page 621 it is noted that Kongos are most careful that the Subject of
conversation should be the Subject of the Verb.
In a narrative it often happens that there is no one Subject, but a course of
circumstances, or actions are being narrated ; in such case, various Subjects
occupy the attention one after the other, and for the time being rule sentence
after sentence, until superseded by other matter ; but the Subject for the time
being is paramount, and if necessary the Passive or Middle Voice is used, or
even the Passive of the Middle Voice, in a way and extent which is strange to
those who are used to European Syntax, but which is nevertheless perfectly
correct as ideal Grammar and Syntax.
This idiom prevails even in the presence of a Relative Pronoun, which
although the object, is emphatic, and takes the first place in the clause, as is
seen in the following sentences : —
Ona bafwilwa :
He who died for them ; ///. Him by whom they were died for.
Bamwene mpe ona batungila e nzo :
They saw him for whom they built the house.
Prefix after Compound Subjects.
On page 710 the rules given from "when the predicate possesses" (line 11)
to the end of the page must be superseded ; the statement that the Verb
concords with the first of two subjects if emphatic is not correct. Out of many
subjects the last mentioned rules ; the Verb assumes the Prefix proper to the
Number and Class of the last named ; but if one of the Subjects is personal,
the Personal Noun rules ; and where one person is specially mentioned with
his subordinates, the person may rule the Verb.
E nkele zaku yo makuba maku malueke :
Your boxes and bales have arrived.
Nguba ye kwa yambalu kikilu :
Ground-nuts and potatoes are exceedingly dear.
£ nzo zandi yo masole mandi mataikidi :
His houses and forest clearings are sold.
Mundele ye mbongo zandi wizidi :
The White-man and his goods have come.
mfumu Makitu ya aleke audi wele kuna evata diaku :
The chief Makitu and his retainers have gone to your town.
( I029 )
mfumu Leopold ye ndonga kikilu wizidi tala e lekwa yatnka kuna
Ekongo :
King Leopold and a great crowd has come to see the things which came from
the Kongo.
Ana bafwa, ye tembwa mpe, bawanga e ndinga audi :
The dead, and even the winds, obeyed his voice.
Nangii olenda ye ndonga andi banwana ye esi evata dina :
Perhaps he is able, with his party, to fight (that they should fight) with the
people of that town.
In this case the Subject of olenda and his party (pi.) become the Subject of
nwana.
Prefix after Collective Nouns.
After Collective Nouns (though singular in form) the Verb may wear the
Prefix proper to the Class and Number of the Collective Noun ; or the plural
Prefix proper to the Noun to which the Collective Noun refers— or rather, the
Noun which expresses the individuals considered collectively in the Collective
Noun— whether such Noun is expressed or understood ; such Collective
Nouns are few.
Mbidi a wantu wafwa {or bafwa) :
Great numbers of people died.
Ndonga yingi bele {or yele) anlandi :
A great multitude went after him.
Bemba kingi (kia mbizi za maza) kibakamene {or zibakamene) :
A great shoal (of fish) was caught.
Prefix after Personal and Personified Nouns.
In agreeing with many Personal Nouns of various classes, considered as
persons, the Verb may receive a Prefix of the ist Class, but in such case the
Noun must be prefaced by the Article of the ist Class (if any Article appears
at all), not the Article proper to its own Class, although the Attributes of the
Noun may concord with its own Class ; the ist Class Article indicates the
personification. mfumu olueke, the chief has come ; here the 2nd Class
Noun, mfumu, is brought into the ist Class and thus personified ; otherwise
it is : e mfumu ilueke. mbuta aku wizidi, your relative has come^ or,
e mbuta aku izidi.
Tulundanga o malongi batulongele o mase meto :
We keep the teachings which our fathers taught us.
selo kiaku, ovo ozolele o kwiza :
If your steward likes to come.
A mfumu za nsi ke bazolele wo ko:
The chiefs of the country do not like it.
Animals, trees, and things, may be thus personified, if they are for the
moment supposed to hear, see, think, speak, or act, and the Verb receives a
personal prefix accordingly. The Seasons may be thus personified.
ngo vo, Ngongo ame :
The Leopard said, I do not want to.
( I030 )
Sivu, ovo obwidi :
When the Cold Season has set in.
Prefix after Conjunctions of Time.
After the Conjunctions of Time, wau, una, OVa, vava, yavana, &c., or
even where they are understood, the Verb assumes an Impersonal prefix, ki-
(lumbu, kolo, tandu, or some such noun of time being understood).
Una ke kiasumbiln o nti ko :
Before the tree was bought.
Una kivene o mfumu o nswa :
When the chief gave permission.
Wan kizidi o mayela mama :
Now that this epidemic has come.
"Wanna kiafnlwa Kristn mnna mafwa :
Since Christ has been raised from the dead.
I nsonama kiasonama o mambn :
That is how the words were then written.
Concord by Attraction.
There is a singular idiom in Relative Sentences by which the Verb takes its
Subjective Prefix " by attraction " from the Noun immediately preceding it,
although it is not really its Subject at all, being actually the Object. It appears
that the Subject in such sentences follows the Verb, rather than come between
it and the Relative, and the Verb assumes the prefix proper to the word which
immediately precedes it.
E lekwa kina kizolele o mwana ame :
The thing which my child wants.
This sentence might also be translated : —
The thing which loves {or wants) my child.
This is the explanation of the singular construction noted at the foot of page
707. Further examples are here given : —
Bazikidi mnntn ndiona ovondele e esi evata :
They buried the man who was killed by the towns-folk, or who killed them.
Tnmwene e nkombo isnmbidi Kipati :
We saw the goat which Kipati bought.
Ntambwidi nkanda watnsonekena Mpongi :
I have received the letter which Mpongi wrote to us.
Batwese e nkayi yasikidi Makwekwe ezono :
They brought the antelope which Makwekwe shot yesterday.
In the same way there may be an "Attracted'' Subject to Intransitive Verbs.
Vana esambn diame divwende Kiantongona :
At my side sat Kiantongona.
Knna Kindinga, evata diakete, diekala omaka makangn mame :
At Kindinga, a small town, were some friends of mine.
Unsamunwina knna kwatnka wiki :
Tell me where the honey came from.
( I03I )
!
Some such "Concord by Attraction" as above noted must explain the
following singular idiom. Where an action is only performed by one particular
class, or thing, the Predicate concords with the Object. The • Passive or
Middle Voice would appear to be more appropriate, but the Active is used
and the Verb " by attraction " takes as its Subject the Subject of conversation.
madia mama, mfumu media :
Only chiefs eat this food.
mayela, ndoki melokanga :
Sickness is only caused by witches.
Ezaka ntangwa wantu kwandi zituntanga nzaza :
Sometimes only men haul the barges.
nlele, Mindele ukubanga :
Only White-men weave cloth.
E mvwatu, akala mitunganga:
Only men sew clothes.
E mfundi, akento zilambanga :
Only women cook puddings.
Objective Pronominal Prefixes.
Nouns of the ist Class only can be represented by a Pronominal Prefix, the
rules as to their form and use are given in the Grammar on pp. 670-87, and in
the Syntax on page 716. In the latter place it is noted that they are not
applied to the Auxiliary, but to the principal Verb. Such a sentence as : —
Nanga tukunlenda baka :
Perhaps we shall be able to catch him,
is no exception to the rule ; the Article before the Infinitive Noun shows that
lenda is not serving as an Auxiliary, but as an ordinary Verb, and so receives
the Objective prefix, which might appear with equal correctness on the
Infinitive Noun, baka, thus : —
Nanga tulenda kumbaka.
Modifications of the Predicate.
Many Adverbs take an Article : the rules which determine the use of the
Article with the Adverb, &c., are given in this Appendix to the Syntax, under
*' The Attributes of the Subject — The Article — Rules 37-39." The influence of
the Adverbs and Adverbial Clauses on the Pronominal prefix of the 3rd Person
singular is noted in the Grammatical Section of this Appendix, under " The
Pronoun — Subjective Pronominal Prefixes."
Ne, nze.
Ne, and nze, as, like as, as though, take the Demonstrative Verbal Particle
i after them, when they precede a Noun qualified by a Demonstrative or
Relative Pronoun, or when they commence a clause ; indeed, wherever the
verbal idea as though {it were), &^c., is to be implied.
Kina ne i disu dia lulungu, dina dimenene :
It is like (as though it were) a pepper seed, which grew.
Ne luvuma lua titi i kevempokela :
Like a flower of the grass he will disappear.
i
( 1032 )
Otherwise.
Wina ne bulu :
He is like an animal.
^ Particles of Negation.
When two Negative sentences are joined by ne or nze, as though, Just as ./,
do^fann. "^ ' " ^^""'^^ '^^ •^°' ""^''^''^'^ ^^^ ^^-^ Partick of Nega-
tion appears once only, and that at the end of the combined sentences.
Kumpangi diau adimosi ne ki mfumu eno ko :
Do not treat me as though I were not your chief.
Kunati e nkele ne banza vo ke izita ko :
Do not carry the box as though it were not heavy.
Kungika ne ki makangu maku ko :
Do not speak of me as though I were not your friend.
Kufwila own ngina vo ki mfumu ko :
Not losing sight of the fact that I am not the chief.
Position of Modifiers of the Predicate.
Ko, mo, vo.
The Locatives, ko, mo, vo, are really the Objective Pronouns proper to
kuma, muma, and vuma, used adverbially, but in the matter of position they
follow the rules of the Objective Pronoun (page 716). The Conjunction
unkwa, lest, ,s verbal to some extent in character, and follows the rules as to
the position of the Auxiliaries (page 711).
Ozolele ko kota :
He wishes to enter there.
Kazolele ko kota ko :
He does not wish to enter there.
Maza mavaikidi mo ezono :
Water flowed from that place yesterday.
Unkwa mo wana ma :
Lest that he should find something therein.
Mpe.
Mpe, also, too, when it especially refers to the Verb, or to its Object, follows
immediately after the Verb ; nothing can intervene but the Objective Pronoun
but that also may follow the mpe; indeed, it is preferable for the sake of
H-uphony, if for no other reason, that the Objective Pronoun should follow the
mpe; nata mpe dio is more euphonic than nata did mpe, although either
would be correct in Syntax.
Bekwenda mpe kuna Lukunga :
They go also to Lukunga.
Tubamwene mpe :
We saw them too.
Londa mpe vava :
Mend here too.
Nata mpe dio kuna nzo :
Carry it also to the house.
( I033 )
Kwiza kekwizk mpe :
He will come too.
When mpe is more especially connected with the Subject, the mpe follows
the Subject, but after any Adjective qualifying the Noun ; but between the
Noun and any Adjectival Clause.
E nguba mpe, ke zisumbwanga diaka ko :
Ground-nuts also are no longer being bought.
E nzo aku mpe ividi :
Your house too is burnt.
Mama mpe bevanga :
These things, too, they will do.
Oyetd mpe, tuzolele wo :
We, too, like it.
E nsusu zandi mpe, zina katwela, zabilama :
His fowls, too, that he kept were very numerous.
When mpe more especially modifies a combination of the Demonstrative
Pronoun with the Verbal Particle i, the mpe comes after the Subjective
Personal Pronoun.
I yandi mpe yuyu:
He it is too.
I wau mpe wuwu :
So it is too.
I diau mpe didi :
This too is why.
Nkutu, diaka, kaka, aka.
The Adverbs nkutu, at all, even, indeed, on no account, never ; diaka,
again; kaka, and aka, only, always, when referring especially to the Verb
or to its Object, follow immediately upon the Verb, the Objective Pronoun or
mpe only being allowed to intervene.
Nkutu, kaka, and aka, may refer to the Subject ; only Adjectives may
intervene. When referring to the Demonstrative Pronoun combined with i,
it follows the Subjective Personal Pronoun. They sometimes modify other
Adverbs, and accordingly follow immediately after them, if they precede the
Verb.
Kunsimbi nkutu ko :
On no account touch me.
Ke tumwene kio nkutu ko:
We did not see it at all.
"Wenda dio nata diaka :
Go and carry it again.
Sumba kaka masele mole :
Buy only two masele (fish).
Besinsanga aka o kumbaka :
They are always trying to catch him.
Akaka nkutu babayambwidi bakota :
They even allowed other people to enter.
I
I
( 1034 )
I yau kaka yaya bekwenda :
Only these are to go.
I wau mpe wuwu tuvovele :
And so we said.
Sa nkutu nwamona :
Indeed you will soon see him.
Owau nkutu wizidi :
He is even now come.
Nkutu may come between the Auxiliary and its Verb.
Toma nkutu kunsimba :
Hold him indeed carefully.
Adverbs which Precede the Verb.
On page 713 certain Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases are mentioned as pre-
ceding the Verb which they modify ; to those must be added i bosi, deke,
kasikila, kosi, kole, nanga, nangi, nangu (perhaps), okalokala, e elelo,
e ntete, se, sa, sanga, singa, oku kwakwiziwa, and other variations of
that Adverb based on kwiziwa, kwendewa, and tukwa. Other Adverbs
may precede the Verb when specially emphatic.
I bosi tukwenda :
After that we will go.
E elelo nutungulukidi :
This time you have been found out.
Owau e ntangwa ifwene :
Now it is time.
Position of the Particles of Negation.
The general rule given on page 607, to the effect that the Particles ot
Negation include within them the clause to be negatived, needs only to be
supplemented by the following remarks : —
When the Verbs kala or -ina, to be^ are followed by the Particle VO, in such
cases as those given below, or before combinations of the Locatives with -ina,
the second Particle of Negation precedes the VO, or the Locative, as the case
may be. The ko is sometimes heard at the end of the clause, but the rule
above given is considered as more correct.
Kufwila owu kena ko vo mwana ame :
Although he is my son.
Wau ke bena ko vo makangu mandi :
Since they are not his friends.
Kisamunwini muntu ko vovo nwina :
I did not tell one of you (///. any man among you).
Ke mayikwanga nkutu ko vovo nwina :
Let them not even be mentioned among you.
Adverbial Clauses— Position of Component Parts.
Subordinate Clauses which are connected with the principal by wau, una,
ova, vava, yavana, wau kadi, kufwila owu...ko, and such Conjunctions,
( I035 )
first state their own Subject, if there be a Noun or Pronoun as Subject ; then
the Conjunction, then follows the rest of the sentence. It is sometimes more
convenient to put the Subject in the emphatic position at the end of the
sentence or clause.
mfumu eto, wau kekwenda ko, omono mpe kikwenda kwame ko :
Since that our chief is not going, I will not go.
Mpongi, kufwila owu kele ko ko, kitwika kio ko :
Although Mpongi has gone there, I will not send it.
E mvu maknmaya una milungidi :
When the forty years were complete.
Nsona, ovo ozolele wo;
or, Ovo ozolele wo, o Nsona :
If Nsona likes.
Kipati, yavana kekwiza ;
or, Yavana kekwiza, o Kipati :
Until Kipati comes.
The Object.
The rules of Syntax as to the Object are, in many respects, identical with
those which govern the Subject, especially those which concern the Attributes.
The rules as to the presence or absence of the Article before the Object, will
be found under " The Subject."
The Objective Pronoun.
When the Object consists of two or more Nouns, the Objective Pronoun
concords in number and class with the last-named Noun, if Pronoun is required
at all.
meza mame ye kiandu kiame nunata kio :
Carry my table and chair.
E mpu ye vevo ke nusiai kio ko :
Do not leave behind the hat and umbrella.
E mini yo mabindwa, o Mvemba wina mau :
Mvemba has the candle and matches.
The Object with yo.
When the Subject of the Verb is qualified by konso, each, every, and the
Object by the Possessive Pronoun, the Object must be preceded by the
Preposition ya, ye, or yo, with. The same rule prevails in English in the
case of Intransitive Verbs, but not in the case of Transitives. It may be
objected, however, that Intransitive Verbs have no Object, some further ex-
planation of the preceding remark is therefore necessary.
In English an Intransitive Verb in combination with a Preposition may
become a Transitive. To go is an Intransitive Verb, but by combination
with the Preposition into {to go-into), it becomes a Transitive Verb, as its
synonym, to enter. So we say in English : —
They went in every man with his sword in his hand.
The English idiom admits then the usage of the Preposition with, in com-
( 1036 )
bination with what are otherwise Intransitive Verbs, when the subject of the
Verb is qualified by each or every.
They came every man with his gun :
i.e. Every man came-with his gun.
We went away each of us with a new coat :
i.e. Each of us went-away-with a new coat.
No such combination is possible in English with Transitive Verbs ; in the
case of Transitives the with is omitted, thus : —
They found every man his gun.
We received each of us a new coat.
In Kongo the Preposition ya, ye, or yo, with., has to appear, whether the
Verb is Transitive or Intransitive, when the Subject is qualified by konso, and
the Object by a Possessive Pronoun.
Bezidi kwau, konso muntu yo nkele andi :
They came each man with his gun.
Tukatukidi kweto, konso muntu oku twina ye kinkutu kiampa :
We went away each one of us with a new coat.
So far the Kongo and English idioms accord, the Verbs being Intransitive
(apart from the combined Preposition with). The following sentences show
the Kongo idiom retaining the Preposition after a Transitive Verb : —
Basolwele konso muntu yo nkele andi :
They found each man his gun.
Tutambwidi konso muntu oku twina ye kinkutu kiampa :
We received each of us a new coat.
In Kongo, when such constructions occur, whether the Verb be Transitive or
Intransitive, the Preposition ya, ye, orjo, with, must precede the Object ; and
whether or not there is a Possessive Pronoun, or an Indefinite Article in
English, the Object is always qualified in Kongo by the Possessive Pronoun.
Nutwasa konso muntu ye mbele andi :
Bring every man a knife.
Nutala konso muntu yo mandi mambu :
Each of you mind his own business.
Basamunwini konso muntu ye mpangi andi :
Each man told his brother.
ERRATA.^
Under the word
should be
About,
adiei ;
adieyi.
Ace,
waji, 12 ;
wazi, 2 (P. as).
Acquired,
vua;
vuwa.
Admiration,
etondo, 8 ;
tonda, 9.
Adulterer,
munta (3) e zumba ;
munta-zumba, 3-
Afterwards
(at length),
oku kwakwiji wa ;
oku kwakwiziwa.
Albino, a.,
-alundu ;
-andundu.
Amass,
vwiisa ;
vwisa.
Angle,
konko, 4 ; fuma, 4 ;
konko, 6 ; fuma, 6.
Angry,
wisawidi ;
wiyisawidi.
Animal (that has given
birth).
has given ;
has not given.
Annoy,
fiengesa ;
fiengenesa.
Anoint,
bukula ;
nwika.
Anointed,
n. (the) mbukulwilu ;
be, v., nwikwa.
a., -abukulwilu ;
p., -nwikinu.
Anxiety,
ntelekwa (4) ;
nteleko (4).
Aperient,
pulugante ;
pulukanti.
Apostle,
ntumu, I & 4 ;
ntumwa, 2.
Appetite,
nzodi, 4 ;
kinzola-nzola, 5.
Art,
ungangu, 12;
ngangu, 2, //.
As (like),
ne i nze i ;
ne i, nze i.
ASCARIS,
edongololo ;
ediongololo.
At, at large.
-amvumvidi ;
-amvumvudi.
at last,
oku kwakwiji wa ;
oku kwakwiziwa.
Badly,
adie i ;
adieyi.
Balance,
balansa ;
balanza.
Bang,
nxindu, 4 ; nkindu, 2 :
; ezu, 8.
Bay,
nsuvila, 4 ;
omitted.
Be, to.
f Pers. I. 2. 3.
Pers. I. 2. 3.
in the table of Pro-
; Sing., i, Ti, u ;
Sing., i u, —
nouns,
( twa, nwa, a ;
PL, twa, nwa, a.
1 The list of Errata on pp. 510-514 have been incorporated with this, in order that all
the Errata may be together, and thus avoid confusion. This supersedes and cancels pp.
510-514.
All corrections are made according to the spelling ;now adopted, by which J and Z are
replaced by z and S.
The length of this list is due chiefly to the fact that two-thirds of the work has been printed
while the author was on the Kongo, or on his way out, which prevented the proper revision
of the proofs — the long blindness referred to in the Preface of 1886 having deranged the
plans made, and caused special difficulties.
1037
3 Y
( I038 )
Under the word
should be
Bee,
nyumbwila ,
ngyumbwila.
nyoxi ;
niosi.
Jp ELATED,
fukika ;
fukikwa.
Belong to,
vua;
vuwa kwa.
Bench,
ebanda ;
ebandu.
Beseech,
vingila ;
vinga.
Bloom,
vumisa ;
vuma.
Blot,
etonxi ;
etonti.
Blow,
about in the wind ;
about (of the wind).
(wind).
(wind), v.i.^ kia;
(of the wind), kiya.
kikianga;
kikiyanga.
Boast,
Sana ;
kusana.
Boldness,
kiakala ;
kiyakala.
Box (tin trunk),
nkele alundu ;
nkele elundu.
Braid,
nsalaji, 2 ;
(red) salazi, 2 (P. sarge).
Branch, n. (of a tree).
tai;
tayi.
(as a tree).
tai(6);
ntayi (2).
Bravery,
kiakala ;
kiyakala.
Break (smash), v.i.^
buka;
budika.
Bud,
bundu, 6 ;
nsavu, 2.
Bundle,
dinga, 6 ;
dinga, 6 (of beads).
Burn (scorch).
baba;
babisa.
(be scorched),
babama ;
baba.
(singe),
vumpa, fumpa, &c. ;
fumpa «& fumpula omitted.
(be singed).
fumpuka ;
omitted.
Buzzard,
kutukudia, 7 ;
kimbi, 5.
Calabash, interior pulp of, makomvi ;
makomve.
Call,
vj., boka ;
vd.^ boka.
Canoe,
ebwanda, 8 ;
bwanda, 6.
Care (concern).
nsungameno ;
nsungamena.
for.
sungamena ;
see Hke ; think about ; con-
cerned, be.
not to care for,
to care ;
to be cared.
Carelessly,
do bad ;
do badly.
Carpet,
nku;
nkuwu.
Cassava,
mvwiyi ;
mvuyi.
Catch,
vangalakesa ;
vangalakana muna.
(in a snare),
vwamvula ;
vwamvulwisa.
Chain,
luvambu, 10 ;
luvambu, 2 & n .
Chance,
elau;
elawu.
Chastise,
tumba ;
tumbiila.
Cheer,
wondelela, wonza ;
kulula moyo (3).
Chilly,
ye todi ;
e todi.
Choke,
sweneswa ;
swenesa.
Christian,/. 36, line 5,
munkwidi ;
munkwikizi.
Cicada,
kintendele ;
kintendela.
Circumcise,
yota;
yotesa.
Circumcised person,
esewa ;
nkwa esewa, nsewa, i.
Civet,
mfuki, 2;
mfuki, 4.
( I039 )
Under the word
should be
Clan,
kilukene ; alukene ;
kilukeni; alukeni.
a
Cleanse,
kianza ;
kianzisa.
1
Climb (a hill),
balula ;
baluka.
1
Close, nearly,
v.t., vengalala;
v.i., vengeleka;
v.t., vengeleka.
€
v.i., vengalala.
Colour, purple.
ndua;
nduwa.
Come out,
(fall) ;
(of the teeth).
to one's self,
vunguka ;
vungukwa.
Comet,
niania ;
nienie.
kiniania ;
omitted.
Confluence,
ebwilu ;
omitted.
Contain,
ximba ;
see Hold.
Convenient,
abisa ;
abiza.
Converted,
Jisu;
Jizn.
Cook (well),
viisa ;
visa.
Corpulence,
kinkobe ;
omitted.
Corpulent,
ye kinkobe ;
omitted.
person,
nkwa kinkobe ;
kinkobe, 5.
Courage,
kiakala ,
kiyakala.
Court,
nkanu ;
omitted.
Craftiness,
nluba, 4 ;
unlnba, 12.
Creek,
nsuvila, 4 ;
omitted.
nsuku ;
nsuku, 4.
Crew,
asau, pi. ;
nsau,//. 2.
Crow,
kokela;
kokola.
Crown,
ekoloa ;
ekolowa.
Cunning,
nluba, 4 ;
unluba, 12.
Cut (scratch across).
kwalamnna;
kwalumuna.
Dam (obstruction).
nkaku, 4 ;
nkaku, 2.
Dazzled, be.
bukama ;
bukamwa (0 meso).
Desire (sexual).
tongo,^/. 10;
longo, 10.
Despise,
savuka ;
savula.
Destroy (spoil).
vnnzalakesa, vunza-
kesa, vunzuna ;
omitted.
Detach,
samuna ;
sununa.
Dirty,
-angeme;
-angemi.
Disgusting,
-angeme ;
-angemi.
Dishonest, be.
yia;
yiya.
Disobey (transgress),
sununa ;
snmuna.
Distribute,
(provide), &c. ;
omitted.
Divert,
banzula ;
banzula (deflect).
Dove,
bwela, 6 ;
mbwela, 2.
Drain,
kelela;
kelola.
Droop,
lenga ;
lengela.
Drop,
etonxi ;
etonti.
Drunk,
-ankwola ;
-ankolwa.
Dull day.
day;
(hazy) day.
Each other, line 19,
vulu za ;
vuluza.
Ease (facility),
nsazu, 2 ;
sazu, 6.
( 1040 )
Under the word
should be
Easy,
-ansazu ;
-asazu.
Eat quickly,
vempa ;
vempula.
*Eaves,
nsambu ;
nsamba.
Eclipsed (be surpassed)
, suvuka, sunduka ;
suvwa, sundwa.
Elephantiasis,
twavinga,//. lo;
mbadi, 2, pi.
Eloquence,
kimpovi ;
ngangu (2) za vova.
Embouchure,
ebwilu, 8 ;
omitted.
Engine,
ekumbi, 8 ;
makina, pi 8.
Enraged,
suka e ekudi ;
sukwa e ekudi.
Envelope,
v., fukumuka ;
7/./., fitika, zinga.
Even, be.
baba;
omitted.
lengalakana ;
lengoka.
make.
lengalakesa ;
lengola.
Execute punishment.
tumba ;
tumbula.
Expend,
(spend) ;
(spend) in, for.
Face, make a,
(grimace) ;
(grimace) at.
Fall, ;z., the nouns, &c.
ngwulumuka ;
ngulumuka.
Farm, border.
ndila, 2 ;
ndila, 4.
Favour,
mfumu una ye edie-
5 mfumu omonanga e edie-
( nga.
nga;
have, find.
mona e edienga ;
omitted.
show,
mwesa e edienga ;
mona e edienga.
Feed,
(provide), &c. ;
omitted.
Ferry-man,
nsau, I ;
nsau, 2.
Feud,
unzonji, 12 ;
nzonzi, 2.
First, at,
e kulu ;
ekulu.
place, in the.
boxi;
omitted.
Flow out,
volomoka ;
07nitted.
Flower,
mvuma, 2 ;
mvuma, 2 & 11.
Follow (chase after),
lamika ;
lamika e ntinu (2) kwa.
Foolishness,
vwengele ;
uvwengele.
France and French,
Falansa ;
Fwalansa.
Gentle, be.
lembeka ;
lembama.
Get in a rage.
fuluta makasi ;
fuluta yo makasi.
up (a hill).
balnla;
baluka.
up (a tree).
samba ;
sambila.
Godfather,
njitu, I ;
nzitu, 2.
Gorge (chasm),
nkengi ;
nkenge.
Gentle, make.
lemba ;
lembeka.
Greek,
Helini ;
mungrekia, 3.
language, kingrekia, 6.
Guile,
nluba, 4 ;
unluba, 12.
Hatch,
teta;
tetoka.
He,
konsoyo ;
konso ojm.
Hilt,
dingwa ;
dinga.
Hole (pool).
ejinga, 8 ;
zinga, 6.
However,
konso-u ;
konso own.
Humility,
nleka, 4 ;
unleka, 12.
If only.
mpaxi ou ;
mpasi owu.
( I04I )
Under the word
should be
Jew,
mwixi Juda ;
Nyuda, i.
Judgment,
nkanu, 4 ;
lufundisu, 10.
Keep back (withhold).
tatama ;
tatamena.
Last, at.
kwendiwa ;
kwendewa.
Liberate (give freedom)
, tumha ;
vana.
Licentiousness,
umpuki, 12 ;
yingalu, pi. 5.
Light (not heavy),
sasala ;
e esasala (8).
Like, let him do, &c.,
unyambula ;
unyambwila.
Lose,
vilakanwa, jimbalaka
,-
nwa;
omitted.
Loss,
mpilakanwa, njimba
,.
lakanwa ;
mpidisa.
Lots,
za, twice;
a.
Luck,
elau;
elawn.
Maize,
masa mamputu;
should be the translation of
Portuguese corn.
Many, how many,
used before a noun ;
used after a noun.
Mash, ^/.,
bulunga ;
omitted.
Meekness,
nleka, 4 ;
unleka, 12.
Morning,
menemene, 6 ;
mene-mene, 2.
Mouth of river.
ebwilu, 8 ;
omitted.
Must,
ngienda ;
ngyenda.
Need, wish for.
zolela ;
zola.
Next,
Konso ;
Konzo.
Nourish,
(provide), &c. ;
omitted.
Ordinance,
nkanka, 2 ;
nkanikinu, 4-
Percussion cap,
porrete ;
espoleta.
Pool,
ejinga, 8 ;
zinga, 6.
Poor,
-asukami ;
-ansukami; \st CI. pi.
-asukami.
Press,
in a crowd ;
out in a crowd.
Prohibition,
lukandu, 10;
Tikandu, 2.
Provide,
sansa ;
vambula.
Put one inside the other.
&c..
kwakanisa ;
bandakesa.
Quiet (content),
lufiaulwisu ;
omitted.
Recall to mind,
sengomona bakula ;
sengomona, bakula.
Salute,/. 185, lined,
wodia ;
odia.
Say, line 6,
to ;
omitted.
Shell, cowry,
kidiambwa, 5 ;
nkidiambwa, 2.
So (as much as this),
kiaki tezo ;
ekiaki tezo.
Sound, very faint,
ki zuzu kulu ;
kizuzukulu.
Supply,
sansa;
vambula.
Tear off.
food;
omitted.
Test (the heart).
ntalwa ;
ntalu.
Time, morning,
menemene, 6 ;
menemene, 2.
Track, of beasts.
elambu, 8 ;
omitted.
Uncircumcised person,
esutu, &c. ;
nkwa esutu or ebolo ;
nsutu, I ; mbolo, i.
( I042 )
Under the word
should be
Wheel,
ekalu, 8 ;
lungungu, ID.
When,
whenever ;
whenever, after.
Would,
use the future subjunc-
use the present indica-
tive ;
tive stating the time.
Zenith,
kintumba a ezulu ;
Kongo-English.
kintumba e ezulu.
A,
Bamfumu ;
Ba(mfumu).
A-, subj. pref.,
imperfect ;
indefinite.
Ana,
ana ke kwenda ;
kwenda ana ke.
-abakaka,
-abakala.
Bambala,
bambale, betele ;
bambala, betela.
Bele,
bela.
Bo,
then ;
them.
Dinga,
a bundle ;
beads.
Ebolo,
person ;
organ.
-efuba,
has ;
is soft.
Ejina,
2;
077iitted,
Ejinga,
eziya.
Ekubilu,
factory ;
weaving factory.
Ekulu,
them ;
then.
(same) ;
(s'ame).
Ekuma,
the time ;
a change in the time.
Elaka Emu,
Emu;
Elalamu.
Elawu,
perf. of kwenda to go ;
071 the next li7ie, after the
word ele.
Elolo,
a bush ;
the fruit of the lolo (6), a
bush.
Also a... roots ;
a crimson fruit.
Esewa,
person ;
organ.
Esofele,
agafaro ;
agafrao .
Esutu,
person ;
organ.
Etadi,
mini (7) ;
mini (6).
Etaka,
etaku.
Etenta,
e etenta ;
etenta.
afieyi.
14;
15.
Funda,
to try a case, to hear,
judge a case ;
accuse.
Fwemoka,
compressibility ;
compressible.
i-, pers. pron. pref.,
when ;
only.
line 3,
I;
077iitted.
Je,
je+i;
zi-i-e.
Jiakuna,
noisily ;
07tiitted.
Jinga nkondo,
to clasp the hands over
to cross the arms and clasp
the head ;
the shoulder.
Kaka,
kala;
kaka.
Kala,
kede;
kedi.
ke kala owu ko,
^r ya u ;
077iitted.
( I043
Under the word
skouldbe
Kala and okala,
line
18,
present ;
future.
line 19,
present ;
omitted.
page 287, col. 2,
line 8,
ngienda ;
ngyenda.
„ 5, J, »
,j
10,
as an aux. verb ;
ouiitted.
,, ,, », ,,
„
13,
olueka ;
oluaka.
okalokala,
koala;
okala.
Kandalala, to be grieved
,
kendalala.
Kavika-e sami,
kavika e esami.
page 291, col. I,
lifte
36,
inge instead of
form ;
anga
form inge, instead of
anga.
„ „ J, 2,
5,
14,
, Baneti ;
Banete.
,, ,, „ 2,
J,
21,
kimona;
kimoni.
Kendengele,
9;
6.
Keleketa,
hard;
hard and ring.
Ki-,
(momw) ;
(mo, mw).
Kia,
vara kukia ;
vava kukia.
Kiakala,
kiyalaka.
Kiavu,
adze ;
axe.
Kibwanga,
payment, wages,
hire ;
omitted.
Kimbembe,
a bird (a lark?);
a small hawk.
Kimoyo,
one living ;
the liver (the organ).
Kinkenda,
kesa;
keza.
Kinfufu,
kinkufu.
page 306, col. I,
line
27,
ketutondanga ;
kututondanga.
„ 307, „ I,
' 5,
37>
, kwendiwa;
kwendewa.
„ 311, „ 2,
J,
17
&30,
ngienda ;
ngyenda.
Langa,
langu.
Lengomoka,
as a;
of.
Lengola,
comfortable ;
omitted.
Loa,
catch ;
fish.
Lomba,
ntalu (4) ;
ntalu (2).
Lufiaulwisu,
joy, &c. ;
that which causes joy, &c.
Lukailu,
lukayilu.
Lul-,
collect ;
collective.
page no, col. I,
line
I,
Lnmbuta, contd.
>
omitted.
„ 334, „ 2,
last
line but one.
M-;
ma-.
Manga,
there is no notion of the
injection of a poison ;
omitted.
Maynkuta,
6;
8.
Mbadi,
mafuba, twice;
mafubu.
-ambimbi-imbi,
-ambimbimbi.
Mbondo,
1000 ;
10 ;
500.
5-
Mbu,
pi. lubu ;
sing. lubu.
Mene,
6;
2.
Mete,
&c.;
omitted.
Mfuka,
mundia (3) a mfuka ;
mundia-mfuka, 3.
( I044 )
Under the word
should be
Mfumfula,
bank;
omitted.
Mfunani,
Mfunanani.
Mpaxi,
konso yo zolele ;
konso oyo ozolele.
ampaya,
ampaya meno ;
-ampaya: meno.
Mu,
irnivu ;
muwu.
Mula,
mula.
-amvubi,
greed ;
greedy.
Mvuma,
2 ;
2 & II.
Mwana, page 363,
mwana e zumba ;
mwana a znmba.
Mwini,
akiendantangwa ;
a kiyenda-ntangwa.
kwixi,
Juda;
Yuda.
Ndaulau,
small white ;
small winged white.
Ndwa,
ndua.
Ng,
heavy nasal ;
light nasal.
Nga,;2^^^^37r,
nkai ;
nkia.
-an^ani,
mwana angani ;
mwana ngani.
Ngwalumuka,
ngulumuka.
N^ele,
ngyela.
Nkandu,
a close season ;
omitted.
Nkankalakani,
I ;
2.
Nkenka,
the game of African
backgammon ;
omitted.
-ankunza,
-ankunzu.
Nkwala,
■^ ;
4.
Nlangu, a strip of jungle.
, nlan^;
nlanga.
N salaji,
serjar ;
sarge.
Nsimuke,
nsununke.
Nsuvila,
gulf, bay ;
omitted.
Ntalwa,
ntalu.
Ntan^wa,
esaka ;
ezaka.
Ntekulo,
ntekuln.
Ntikavuki,
straight ;
perpendicular.
Ntokoji,
1&4;
2.
Nwengena,
the sentence, nxinga.,
neck ;
under nwenga.
Nyosi,
niosi.
Nyukutu,
niukutu.
Nyumbwila,
ngyumbwila.
Ola,
tatn;
etatu.
Sa,
ngienda ;
ngyenda.
Saka,
ejito ;
ezitn.
Salaji,
saraQa ;
sarge.
Samuijiana,
samnziana.
Samwina,
V.J
v., to tell to, report to.
Sukami,
-asukami ;
-asukami,//. d. i.
Sansa,
to provide, «&c. ;
to look after, care for,
bring up.
Sulu (fish),
07nitted.
Ta, V. {line 20),
Mbwinga ;
mbwingina.
{ I04S )
Under the word
should b€
Ta, i3,«.,
nsosolo ;
nsolo.
Tampahana,
tampakana.
Tangidika,
nkunda, 9 ;
nKunda, 4.
Tekumuna,
the sentence, yandi...
following struck, under
bullet ;
tela.
Tembwa,
kikianga ;
kikiyanga.
Tiya twa lukuti,
although, &c. ;
omitted.
Toma,
tomo;
toma.
Tombola,
ntombola ;
ntombola.
Tuka,
Iwaka;
luaka.
i an obscure disease, charac-
Twavinga,
elephantiasis, &c. ;
\ terised by anasmia, & loss
V of colour in the hair iS: skin.
page 439, col. I,
linezi
, wumu ;
wuwu.
11 11 11 11
» 23
, wauuna;
wauna.
11 44O5 11 11
» 19
, mwene;
mbwene.
Vaka, a house, &c
J
vaka, 6, «., &c.
Vela, a hut,
5;
6.
Vele,
OVO vele VO, & meaning
twice ;
omitted.
Velela,
mwandavelela ;
Mwandavelela.
Vengomoka, &c..
ref. to venga & ve-
to App. of 1894, p. 922,
ngesa ;
under vengomoka, &c.
Vetoka,
vetoele & vetoene ;
vetokele & vetokene.
Vumbana,
vnmbama.
Vumosi,
vamosi ; vnmosi is bad
Kongo.
Vunguka zayi,
vnngnkwa zayi.
Watu,
inter].;
conj.
Wi,
wiyi.
Wokela,
rii,tu.);
(10, tn-).
Wundula,
(Mpa.) ;
omitted.
"Winikina,
nsuga ;
nsnnga.
Xianzuka,
get;
jet.
-xidi,
to be put ;
to put.
Xika,
6, n.j
6, n. (P. bexiga).
Yaku,
adv.;
prep.
Yila,
to begin ;
omitted.
Yoyomoka,
yoyomona.
Yundula,
(Mpa.) ;
omitted.
Zayua,
zayina ;
zayiwa.
;>rt^^5oi,Mata,
framboe siapian ;
framboesia pian.
Ik Evumbu,
evumbudia ;
evnmbn dia.
H Twavinga,
see under twavinga, above.
II page 505, li^ie z?>
)
tumbala ;
tnmbnla.
11 11 502, oaths,
Nde-
II mbo.
Jindanla ;
Zindanla.
( I046 )
Grammar.
Page
Line
For
read
525
7
disu, masu ;
disa, masa.
530
31
zenzelwa ;
zengelwa.
535
43
kindelele ;
kind^lelele.
538
5
alueka ;
alueke.
541
21
dinkindo ;
dinkondo.
542
26
down ;
dawn.
543
10
nu;
mi.
544
33
kuta;
kutu.
558
14 & 16 of note
ntiya ;
utiya.
18
eyitu;
ezitu.
561
20
kiadi ;
kiaki.
30
asundidi ;
osundidi.
33
zolo;
zola.
563
4
obsolete ;
omitted.
24
limbu ;
lumbu.
37
e yaba ;
eyaka.
566
26
asumbidi ;
osumbidi.
568
I
umoxi; ist class ;
omosi.
8
jiana ; 2nd class ;
zinana.
571
21
divwida ;
divwidi.
572 &
573
ye before the prefixes
me, ma, & lu ;
yo.
573
9
ya;
za.
40
zau emosi ;
yau emosi.
574
XIV., mau emole ;
mwau emole.
577
20
nau;
yau.
24
yangi;
yanga.
579
1st table
Plural, u ;
tu or twa.
Sing., tn or twa ;
u.
9
Timfuma ;
u mfumu.
34 & 36
kawku, kawu ;
kwaku, kwau.
47
nzolete ;
nzolele.
580
2
but, only in affirmative
clauses ;
omitted.
4
kwame ;
omitted.
583
2
samba ;
sumba.
5
ku;
ke.
8
welo;
wele.
586
5th col.
wuna;
una.
588
41
that person ;
this person.
589
15
persons ;
positions.
592
20
kwangi ;
kuvangi.
593
13
by kuma ;
by kuna.
605
25-9
kuma ;
kuna.
606
30
musungula ;
omitted; being a conj.
608
I
kimani ;
kimoni.
( I047
»
Page
Line
For
read
614
19
kede;
kedi.
26
mpaxi ovo ;
mpasi vo.
35
vana;
omitted.
618
31
baku;
baka.
643
17
or;
of.
648
40
was ;
is.
653
Nej^. fut
conseq
{ kiasumba ko ;
c kiasumbanga ko ;
omit ko.
& cont.
subj.
omit ko.
660
Narrative tense
come ;
came.
690
4
kela;
kelo.
691
16
bene ;
bena.
694
ximba is not an auxiliary, see Appendix.
706
45
persons ;
persons, when standing as
the object of the verb.
707
44
ketungidi ;
katungidi.
708
18
Zwaki ;
Zwaki.
709
13
e ntinu ;
ntinu.
710
12 to 47
see Appendix ; Syntax
loc.
in
717
!
34
dianu muiia njimbu ;
Appendix of 1894.
diann ikunnsumbididila-
nga e mbele muna nzi-
mbn.
Sorrow
>
nienge, 4 ;
manienge, _^/. 8.
-adi,
is used also. ..died ;
omitted.
Kala,
less remote than ;
the same as.
Kungendela,
kungyendela.
Mankoka,
.
mankoka.
Mwa,
mpaka ;
mpaku.
Nanga,
conj. ;
adv.
Ngai,
past;
past indef.
Nienge
5,
sorrow ;
joy.
Nka,Tika,
za;
a.
Vanganisa,
v.i.j
v.t.
INDEX.
Dictionary.
Diet. & Gram.
of 1887.
English-Kongo ^
Kongo-English 245 8x5
Appendices.
Words acquired too late for insertion in the main work —
EngHsh-Kongo 485 94i
Kongo-English 49i 942
Games. 492
Animals, birds, fishes, reptiles 495
Food stuffs, trees, plants ...,.•• 49^
Diseases, native medicines . 5*^^
Titles of Kongo Nobility, precedence 502
Oaths 502
Native customs, superstitions ...... S^S
Secret Societies, Guilds, Ndembo, Nkimba, circumcision,
clubs 506
Prefix series S^^
Abbreviations used . • • 5^8
Errata . . S^o
Grammar.
The Alphabet 518 945
Euphonic Law 521 945
Change of Consonants 522 945
Ehsion and Contraction of Vowels .... 522 945
Preferences 524
Influence 525 948
Contracted words 948
The AlUterative Concord, General principle . . • 526
The Noun 528 949
Derivative Nouns 528 949
Kongoized foreign words 539
Classification of Nouns 54i 95°
Table of Classes 553
Declension of Nouns . . . . . . '553
Reduplicated Nouns 95°
The Article 555
The Adjective 55^ 95^
Verbal Adjectives 557
Structure of Adjectives 538
1048
k 1049 )
D
ct. & Gram.
Appendix
of 1887.
of 1894-
Participial Adjectives
559
Prefixes applied to Adjectives ....
559
Comparison of Adjectives
560
Adjectival Clause
561
Quantitative Adjectives
. 564
951
The Numerals
. 567
952
The Pronoun
576
954
Personal Pronouns
576
Pronominal Prefixes 577, 64
7,670
954
3rd Pers. Sing. Prefif. in or k
647
955
Declension of Pronouns
580
962
Possessive Pronouns
582
Interrogative Pronouns
584
962
Demonstrative Pronouns
586
963
Relative Pronouns
590
Pronouns of Adverbial, Prepositional and Conjunctive
force
590
The Locatives
593
Table of Locatives
596
The Adverb
598
964
Locative
598
965
Pronominal
601
964
Derived from Nouns
602
Sundry Adverbs
605
964
The Negative
. 607
The Preposition
609
966
Locatives
609
966
Prepositional Phrases . . . . .
612
967
The Conjunction
. 613
968
The Verb
618
970
Conjugations
618
Suffix Modifications
619
Verb Forms
619
The Active Voice
620
The Passive Voice
620
970
The Middle Voice
621
971
The Applied Forms
627
971
The Causative Forms
631
972
The Reciprocal Forms
634
972
The Repetitive Form
635
973
The Reversive Form
637
The Form in -akana
637
The Reflexive Form . . . . " .
682
973
Reduplicated Verbs
687
973
Indefinite Verb Form Suffixes
639
The Continuative and Perfect Forms
641
974
Verbs Preferring the Perfect ....
644
978
Prefix Modifications
645
973
( I050 )
Diet. & Gram. Appendi:
ofi§87. of 1894.
Mood. General principle 645
The Infinitive Mood 646 976
Pronominal Prefixes ; Subjective .... 647
Objective .... 670
The Negative 648
Tenses. General principle 648
Indicative Mood 649 976
Special idiomatic usages of certain tenses . 977
Subjunctive Mood . . . . . . . 650 979
Imperative Mood . 652
Participles 652
Table of Tenses . 653
The Conjugation of the Verb having a Subjective Pro-
nominal Prefix only ....... 656
Kwiza, to co7ne, and kwenda, tago . .656
Tonda, to love 666
With an Objective Pronominal Prefix . . . 670
Kuntonda, to love herj kutonda, to love you 674
Reflexive Form 682
Kutonda, to love myself . . . .682
Reduplicated Verbs 687 973
Comparative Table of Conjugation . . . 688
The Verb to be, kala and -ina . . . . 690 980
to have 691 980
-eka (Bako.) 982
The Verbal Particle i ...... 692
The Auxiliary Verbs . 692 983
Kwiza and kwenda before another Verb . . . 698 984
The Interjection 699 986
Accent 701 987
Punctuation . . ^ 991
Syntax.
The Subject 704
When a Compound Noun 992
A Noun connected with others by Conjunctions . 704 993
An Infinitive Noun 704
A Pronoun 705 993
A Locative Clause 705
Position of the Subject 706
Attributes of the Subject 706 993
Compound Attributes 707 993
Noun in Apposition ...... 994
The Article.
Rule I before nouns, General principles . 706 995
2 definiteness & indefiniteness . . 995
3 in a Reply 998
4 before Reduplicated Partitive Nouns 998
( I05I )
Diet. & Gram. Appendix
of 1887. of 1894.
—5
in a Catalogue or Heading
. 998
6
before emphatic Object ; Positive
999
7
Negative
1000
8
before Names, &c., of Persons
when Subject
1000
9
Object ....
lOOI
lO
before each of a Man's names .
1002
. II
before Animals personified
1002
12
before names of Places
1002
13
before a Noun in Apposition .
1002
14
when the Noun is qualified by -ingi
1003
15
-aying]
1004
i6
before a Noun followed by kwa
how many ....
1005
17
in a Relative Clause .
1006
i8
initiated by a Participle
1007
prefaced by i .
1008
19
before a Noun qualified by a numeral
1008
20
before a Noun qualified by a Pos-
sessive Pronoun idiomatically
lOIO
21
by a Demonstrative Pronoun or a
Relative Clause
lOIO
22
after nkia
lOII
23
in a Clause introduced by ne ornze
ion
24
in an idiomatic usage of the Diminu-
tive Noun ....
1012
25
in subordinate sentences introduced
by wau, &c
1012
26
after certain Conjunctions
1013
27
after the Preposition a or Locatives
1013
28
in a sentence initiated by an Im-
personal Verb ....
1013
29
with the Verb to be .
1014
30
with the Infinitive Noun .
1017
Wi
th other Parts of Speech.
31
The Adjective konso
1017
32
-aka ....
1017
33
The Personal Pronoun
1017
34
before i
1019
35
qualified by awonso .
1019
36
after e kuma, &c. .
1020
37
The Adverb in normal position
1020
38
nswalu, malembe, kieleka,
kikilu
1021
39
after e kuma, &c. . . .
102 1
40
The Conjunction and Preposition,
ya, ye, yo. General .
1022
41
in a Negative clause
1022
( I052 )
D
ict. & Gram.
Appendix
of 1887.
of 1894.
—42 before a Noun qualified by a
Numeral.
1022
43 before Konso .
1022
44 before names of Persons ; idio-
matic use
1023
45 ya of surprise . .
1023
Position of Attributes
708
1024
The Predicate.
Concord with its Subject.
of a simple Verb
709
when coupled by yo
710
1025
ovo ....
711
when the Subject is a Collective Noun .
1029
Personal or Personified Noun .
1029
Interrogative Pronoun . .
. 711
after a Conjunction of time
1030
Verb assisted by an Auxiliary ....
711
1025
its concord
711
Order of Auxiliaries
1026
Complement of the Verb to be
711
1027
Verbs of restricted sense
1027
Concord by " attraction "
707
1030
Objective Pronominal Prefixes
IO3I
Modifications of the Predicate
. 712
103 I
Particles of Negation
607
after ne, nze, kufwila owu...ko .
1032
Position of Modifying words generally .
712
Interrogative & Inferential Adverbs
713
Adverbs of manner, place & time .
713
1032
mpe
1032
nkutu, kaka, aka
1033
Adverbs which precede the Verb .
1034
Particles of Negation
607
1034
Adverbial Clauses ; position of component parts
1034
The Object
715
1035
when Nouns connected by Conjunctions
' 715
1035
Noun Clause and Sentence ....
715
Numeral
715
Idiom with konso and yo . . . . .
1035
Position of the Object
716
of Pronominal Prefixes
716
of the Indirect Object
716
Attributes of the Object
718
Butler & Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Froine, and London.
BINDING SEC^ SEP 8 1965
PL Bentley, William Holman (comp
^4-03 Dictionary and grammar of
B4. the Kongo language Appendix
1887
Appx.
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