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/ '^r 



DICTIONARY 

or 

NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 

Watson Whewell 



DICTIONARY 



OF 



NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 



EDITED BY 

SIDNEY LEE 



VOL. LX. 
Watson Whewell 



THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 

LONDON : SMITH, ELIIER, & CO. 
1899 



//-. 



■. . {.{ 



r 



LIBRARY OF THE 

a. ^7^i^o- 



L /-■- 



LIST OF WBITEES 

IN TEE SIXTIETH VOLU&fE. 
Q. A. A. . . O. A. AiTKCK. . L. D Hajor Lkokjuid Dahwdt, B.E. 

A. J. A. . . StB ALXXUfDBS J. AbBOTHKOT, H. D. . . . . HXSST DlTST. 

^^■^•^- C. W. D. . . The Bioht Hom. Sie CaiaLiB 



W. A. J. 


A. W. A. J. Abcbbold. 




Wbntworth Dileb, Babt., 


B. B-I-. 


. . BicniBn Baowbu« 




M.P. 


U. B. . . 


. . Mira BlTBBON. 


CD... 


. . Caxpbell Dodo boh. 


B. B. . . 


. . Thb Bst. Bonald Batne. 


! K. D. . . 


. . Bobebt Dohlop. 


T. B. . . 


. . Tbomab Batke. 


F. G. E. 


. . F. G. Edwabds. 


H. L. B. 


. . Thb Bit. Gahon Leioh Brnhett. 


F. E. . . 


. . Francib EapiNABaB. 


H. E. D. 


B. Thb Bbv. H. G. D. Blakistom. 


C. H. F. 


. . C. H. Firth. 


T. G. B. 


. . Thb Bbt. PBonsaoB Bomntt, 


E. F. . . 


. . LoBD Eduons FirniAUBicE, 




F.B.S. 




M.P. 


0. S. B. 


. . G. 8. BODLOBB. 


W. G. D. 


F. Thb Bev. W. G. D. Fletcher. 


F. B-i- . 


. . SnFBBDBHICKBRiHVELL, BABT., 


S. B. G. 


. . S. B. Gabdineb, LL.D.. D.O.L. 




F.B.S., D.C.L. 


B. G. . . 


. . Richard Gabkett, LL.D., C.B. 


W. S. B. 


. . ■•'*. S. Bbassinotos, F.8.A. 


A. G. . . 


. . The Bbv. Ai.ksaxder Gorook. 


E. I. C. 


. . E. iBTnta CiBt.TLB. 


F. H. O. 


. . F. HiNDEB Gbooub. 


W. C-B. 


. . William Cabr. 


' J. C. H. 


. . J. CUTHBEBT HadDEK. 


J, L. C. 


. . J. L. Caw. 


J. A. H. 


. . J. A. HkHILTOM. 


A. H. C. 


. . pBonasoB A. H. C&orcb, FJt.8. 


C. A. H. 


. . G. Alexander Habbis. 


E. C-K. . 


, . Sib Ebnebt Clabke. 


P. J. H. 


. . P. J. Habtoo. 


A. M. C-B. . MiBs A. M. Cooke. 


T. F. H. 


. . T. F. Hbhdbbboii. 


T. C. . . 


. . Thoupbon Coopee, F.S^. 


0. H. H. 


. . PsorEesoB C. H. HEBroRD. 



J. S. C. . . . J. S. Cotton. ■ W. A. S. H. Profesbob W. A. S. Hewinb. 

W. P. C. . . W. p. CouRTRET. I W. H.. . . . The Bet. WniUM Hour. 

L. C Lionel Cust. P.8JL , W. H. H. . The Rev. W. H. Hdttos, B.D. 

C. D-K. . . . Charles Daltok. J. E. . . . . Joseph Kniobt, F.B.A. 



J. M. B. . . 
T. S. 

a r. s. . . 

L. S. 

O. S-H. . . . 

c. w. s. . . 

H. R. T. . . 
S. P. T. . . 



vi List of Writers. 

J. E. L. . . Pbopbssoe J. K. IiiuaBTOs. 

I. 8. L. . . . L S. Lbu»ui. 

E. L HiBS EuzABSTH Lkb. 

8. L. .... BiDNKT LSK. 

E. M. L. . . CoLONKL E. M. Llotd, B.E. 

F. M FuicoxEB Hadax. 

D. S. H. . . Fbofesmb D. S- SCuoouoctb. 
A. P. M. . . A. Patchtit 31<i£ti!c. 
A. M-s.. . . Abthtb Uke. 
L. M. U. . . ihaa MmDuros. 
A. H. U. . . A. H. ^f""" 

C. M Coeno MoNKHor»E. 

H. H KoBXis Hoou, 3iJ>. 

A. N. . . . . Albxbt NicaoLso:c. 
O. Li O. N. Q. Li Grs NoaiUTX. 

D. J. O'D. . D. J. O'DoxodHCB. 
F. M. O'D.. F. M. O'DosooBn. F.SJL 
J. H. 0. . . Tbb Bbt. Clvox Otebtox. 

A. F. P. . . A. F. P<HJ.UD. 

B. P. . . . . Hiss Bebthi Poktkk. 
D-A. P. . . . D'AiCT PowsB. F JLC.S. 
F. B. . . . . FusBB EiK. 



J. ir. Bice. 

Thoku Szoooxbe. 

XiH C Fox SUTB. 

Lmtg Stkfbsx- 

GtoasB Stsoucb. 

C. W. Sunvs. 

H. B. TzDiin. 

P«orK«in SnTisrs Thoxpbos, 
F.B^ 



M. T. . . . . Slw. Tout. 

T. F. T. . . PumBox T. F. Tour. 

B. H. V. . . CouHna,B.H.VncH.B.E., C.B. 
A. W. W. . A. W, Wi»». LLJ>., LittJ). 
P. W. . . . . Pin. Winuocn. 

A. W. . . . . Abxhts WiroB. 

C. C. J. W. CuMEn C. J. Wkbb. 

W. W. W. . CiFTiis W. W. WzkB, VJD. 

F.SJL 
S. W. . . . . Stephxs Wbkeukb. 
H. T. W,. . SiK HxxsT TimuN Wood. 

B. B. W. . . B. B. WooDTue. 
W. W. ... Waswick Wmxb. F.&A. 



DICTIONARY 



OF 



"NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 



Watson 



Watson 



WATSON. ANTHONY (rf. 1 60r,), Wahop 
cif Ubit^lifwivr, WD* the loti of Kilwanl Wnl- 
son of Thi>Tie Tliewlas in Durham. He 
mniriruUtfil at (.'tirUt'>ColWK«, Cntiibml|{i<, 
in (Vt.-il»r IfiBT, proceeded B.A. in 1571-1'. 
was 60oa nfYprwanls elt'cted n fellow, one) 
comtDftioed W.A. in TV75. He wn" inror- 
ponteU at OxTonl on t> Julj 1677, graduated 
n.D. at Csmbridfre iu HiS'2, imd wucrcatcd 
1>.D. in July I&9(J. 

In 16SI lie was inftituled to llie rectory 
of Cbcun in Sumy on iIiet pn'senliLtion i>f 
Joiin Luniky, fini. baron Liunlvy (uf lli<.> 
Bccund creation) [q, t.], and w«a lici^aed to 
pruneb by llii.- uupvoriiity iu tlie f»lluwinf[ 
ywir. (-)n IB April I .'1)0 Jin was jirviwiHted 
lo lb« dfftnvry uf Brisiol, and on 'Ja July 
iri92 wRM inntnlli-il rli»n<^rni>r of lli0 chiirr:n 
of Wells, receiving also the pn-bend of 
\Ver]raoTi?Sri-gnd» in tlml «eo. In th«»iine 

Star he became reclor of Stoirinjrtrin in 
luwx OB I'Ord Luuiley'fl pr<»enlal ion. 
Aboti 1 1 ij&fi lif W8* appi.ii n tod qmi-n'fl al moner 
in thf y\iic« of Kichurd FIvU'hL-r ('/. 1-106) 
fd. V.J. bisliop of London, who had incurred 
Elt>aDt.'tti'« diApIeasuFB bya second niArriage. 
On lo Aut;. ld9B bn wtu conwrrated 
biebopof C^climU-r, iasuccoeiiinnlDThoniaa 
BicltlrY ['J. T-l (Stutpb, 7y»- o/' Whilg^, 
\^'i, ti. 361). I[e had lic<>n8« to hold in 
commvndam, with hia bishopric, his other 
pnefi^rmentf*, but re»iffn<:-d his clianct-llorship 
of Wells ta \WQ, and hli dL-anery uf Bristol 
about tb« cloH- of 1597. \^'ataoQ alt«ndMt ' 
tlicd«Rthbedor KliaboibO'A. ii.4061. He, 
iraa continued in bin ottice of lord almoner | 
by Jane* I, and took part in the conferenc^e , 
witJith«pnritftiuiit Ilaiiqit on Court inJanu- 
W7 IflOS 4 iSrun-K. AnnaU, Xm*, iv. M2). 
On fi !>«.■. liioa Watson attended tho con- 
Bpimtor fleoTge Brooke ^q. ▼.] on the scaffold 

TOI» LX. 



(HiRCH, O/urttmd Taiua<^Jame*I,\.Sff-&^ 

lludii^, uiiinarriwd, at Ch«Bai on 10 Se|iit. 

1600, andwoa liuried in thF>pamh church on 
19 8i.pl. By hi» wilt, dated (J Sept. 1003, 
he TnadR bf^ui'.iln to th« library and sub> 
sixBrt of Christ's C'olk'^, A k>lter from 
him to Sir Juliu* CKtar is preaerved in lli« 
Britiab Museum in Addit. m. ViWT, {. I0L 

Kiiopcr'B Athvnw Cantabr. it 110; Wood'i 
BDie Oxon. od. BlisR. ii. tl4I; L« N«V6'« 
l-'n*ti Kcflca. Ao^Hcanst; lAcadowaa HS. 9M, 
It. '0, US ', Manninghan's UiKFy (Camden Soc). 
ISG8, p. 46: ChnmhcrUin'a I^tiars (Garadvn 
."^c). ISftl, p, 13S; Kichaln'i IVigMMfa of 
Jiiium 1, Tul. i. panim; CaidwU's Hiat. of 
Conferanfoa, 1810, pp. 101, l«9, 217.] K I. C. 

WATSON. Sir BKOOK (1735-1807), 
lirst baronet, merchant iitid flflicial, born at 
J'lytnoulb ou 7 Feb. 17^, vraa only Mn of 
.lo'ni WnlHuniif Kinu7*t<>n-itpon-Hu]l,by hia 
Br'cond wife. Snroh .SchofitOu. He yvan loft 
an nqihnn in 17-11. Hh wvnt lo sea, and had 
hia log taktin of!' by a ithnrk at Havana when 
hewasfonrtef-n. Ileserred as a commisHary 
undor C^iloniO Bobcrt .Monckcon [q-r.] at tha 
•iegc of Uosua^Jour in 17.'>A, and under Wolfe 
at theaiegoof Louiaboiirf in 17&8. In 17B» 
be Etittk-d in Londuu as a mercbanl. Ua 
look a h-adiiifT port in 1 770 in tfae forrantion 
of the corps of light-honm volunteers which 
belp«'d to itnppi>»» lli« riotn in thti riilluwing 
year. In I "82 hfl was appointed oonimi.si>aty^ 
general to tbo artay in Canndu, under Sir (iuy 
CnrIvlon[i.v.],btiiretumi.>iil to Knglandwhe* 
pt-aeu was made in 1783. A pension of C00£. 
|>er annum was granted to hiawire. Hewaa 
elt-ctvd M .P. for I he cil v uf Ixindun on d April 
I7i^, and held the utat till I7U.'{. IU was 
also choson Ma director of tho Bank of Eng- 
land. In 178^^1 b« became aldnrman of the 
Cordwainera' ward and sheriff. Hewuchoir* 



I 



W'atson 



Watson 



* 



m&D of the H(ni»t! nf Commons' cDtumitTci.! 
on the nvenoy bill in 17S8. 

On 2 Msrcn 179She wnn apiioinlifd com- 
misMry-graenl to Uie Diike of Yorlc'e* rtnny 
in I'lftndeni, aatl restsned his a«at in pnrlia- 
micot. lie eorT«d with the armT till it rty. 
tiiru«d to Bnglnnd in 17SI<'^. Mauy of tii^ 
Ifltterti arc to ho fount! in the war officii 
piipL'rH(urigiiiiLlcorrc'M)oii(I<Mici')iullmpi]ljlLu 
reron! ofiu-t-. Lord IjTerpooI apoke of Uini 
06 'one of the must Uououroblo men cror 
linown' ( WrUittfftan tir*i'nlekeii, Siippl»^ 
mimlarv, is. 428). 

Wat*on wiut 'jli'cted loni mayor of Loadoa 
in Novt-mUir ITflfi. His jutrofotlico wm a 
trouhlcd one. At a commoDhall ou IJ April 
171)7 a rcMltition Wit5 broug'ht fi>m-nrd ' to 
invcaUgatu tho rv«\ i>auK of ilie awful and 
alarming stott- of |iublic affairs.' Ul' rulwl 
thli) out uf ordvr. and clottud u hi'it^-d dia- 
ouMiori by hcriiig lliu mace taken u]>. At 
another ball, oa 11 May, he vae c^neun-d, 
■nd a nwolut.ion wa,< pawwd dniniincin;! tti^ 
nainiatry for hn7infr{>lungndthnci)unrry intn 
an UQaecesaary aad unjust wnj; but he had 
many wipporttr*. 

On ^1 Mucli 17i)8 he waa appoinUid 
rnmmiiiaarj" jtmn ml to tho forcea in Groat 
BtUaiu. and on Due. IHOn ho was luade 
a barouet, wilU remainder to Itis n«pli«'w». 
He difld at East SbL-tm, Surrey, on 2 Oct. 
1807, and was b(iri>;d at .Moriliiki;. tic mar< ' 
ried, in 1700, Helen, dauirhter of ('olin 
Ciunpbell. a ffvldamith uf KdiuburErh, but hu 
hud no cliildri^n, and wiit .tnc("i''«d«i] in ihe 
baronetcy by his gro&t-ii«|iii)>w, William Kay. 

I0«lt. Mac. 1807. H. 9«7; Wrlch's Modfi-ii 
Hi^Lof tliB CitT i>f London; IlRth.-i]n'ii Ttaronot* 
a([e.lW)5, V. .'H'O.] K. M. L. 

WATSON. CHAKLES \17I*-]7r.7), 
rcar-udjuLriLl, burn in 1714, was son of Dr. 
John Watsou, prtibt^ndarj- i>r W.-*tniin»tw 
{d. 1724). Wu6 tnnternid graudfcllKir wan 
AlMtandtTl'arltrr,"q.v.j,vrlii»*i!>wifi'l'riidenre 
was mother ( by hi^r firft mnrriagi') uf Admi- 
ral Sir Charles Wajj^r [t\. v.], and dauitliter 
of Willinm Cofxluon, prrsnmably Goodsonn 
[q. V.J, ihir pai'lianitfutary admiral. WaltiOu 
enteivd the navy in \7'2>^ as a >'0'tuiitver per 
ardor on bounl ihu lEomnL-y, with Captiiin 
Charlea nmwn fq. r.]; in ihf t-nd uf 1730 
be joinod tlm Biaefnrd with Captain Curtia 
Barnctt [i}. v.], and pa«0)>d bie i;.\aminati<>u 
on 31 .Inn. 17s*-S, .\* the ni^phew of tli« 
fimt lord of th(> adtaim.l(y, he pas^d rapidly 
tbrough the gubordinat o ininkb.and nn 1 4 Fub. 
1787-*t »M paBt«d to tho (i/irland, a 20-piin 
fri(;i(** attached to the fiee^t iti tlie Mfdit«r- 
ranuan under ihu cummund of Rear-admiral 
XichoUs lladdock [q. y.^ In 1741 liu vm 



moved by lladdnck into f.hi- Plymouth ol 
60 guns, and In Noremher 171:!,byMatbvws, ' 
into the Dra^im, which he c'>mmundi.-d, 
though wilKiiit particular dial inct ion, in the 
actionolf Toulon on II I'Vb. V, i'A~A {Srirra- 
tior nfth« ProcfcxUiii/* <\fKi» if<{jrft^'K FUrt 
in thf .ifftitterraittan .... byn.SeaOflice'r, 

f. 60), On hia return to England early in 
74D he waH app'iinU'd to ihv .\dvicu, and 
fmm her to tht- I'ritirt^sA Lnuisa, which he 
LMUjmiindcd in the following yLiir in ibv cri- 
ciigftni.'nt* off Capr FiniNl«m! on 3 May, and 
m tht! Bay nf Hijtcay on It Oct. ave /ixMS,^ 
Gkobsb, Louo; flxVu;. EiiWAa"ti, LoKn:,in^ 
both of which, under a capabh- commander, ■ 
he showed that he was <.]uiti> i^ady to (ij;ht| 
if only heunderflood what hewoa t'> do. laj 
January I"i7-S he wai* app>jinlvd lo thoJ 
l.ion, in which in March he waa aont out as 
commander-in-chief on the Nowfuundhuid 
and North .Xint'nuAn alation, with a brood 

yi>nnnnl as an efltJihliahe'l commixlorK. Ortl 
i Mny hv WHH nri'moti-d to be rtwr-admiral < 
of ihp blui*, and in I-VbriiarT 1754 was ap-j 

?iiiuted commander-in-chief in thi> Ka«t 
ndte». 

He Aoiled ahonly afterwarfa in the Kent, ' 
with three other ohips of ibr lino, and toTi 
the dm year wuh un lliu t'oromandel ooast,] 
kuupin^u vratoh I'U thel-wnch. In Xovpm»j 
bor 17^5 ho went round to Bombay, wht:ncaj 
in February 175*J, in company with thai 
ymlikI* of iiiK ilamhar marine under Com-| 
undo re (Slrt William .famei; '^q.v.j and a b"dy 
(if troop" commnntii'd hv Lieiitenanl-coloacl 
ttobpM. ClivR (afltTwardsLord (.'live) 'u. v.],J 
he went to GliBfiah, tlw ilrorffhold of thai 
jnratu .\nj^a. On iho K<>a fan'thtilAtterieaj 
were very formidable, but Walton, fnrring 
hia waT into the harbour, wai> able M la' 
them in the rear, whilt' the troopa cat i 
tho retreat of I he gnrriion, which sorrcndemdl 
ufler an obetinalc bul iuuflvctive re«istane»i 
for IwMity-frtor houw. The power of thai 
piratea waa hrokfn. ond their accumulalcd) 
sturva and treaiun* fi>Il into Ihe handa of' 
th.' cnploT*. ."Vfter rwfitling hia shipa at 
Bomlwiy, Watson tiailed for St. Oavid'it in 
the end of April, and at Madras had uewn* 
of the irii^*dy of the black hole of Calcutta. , 
In conaiiltation with Olivp, then (rovomiW 
of St. David'ft, it wa« det«rmiiied to puniatt 
Suraj udHowlah. lly the middle of October 
the prniarations -were completed, and Wat- 
Kon i>iuIihI frir ttui Hiif^li, carrying with him 
Olivfi and hia small armr. On 4 June he 
had been promoted lo the rank of vie 
admiral. 

AlteT mauy delays he arrived in the n% 
on 15 Dpc. ; on the 29rh the trails of Kudm 
Budgti w«rv breached, and during the nighti , 



Watson 



Watson 



the place wu stormed br the soldiers in a 
mob,' following the lead of two or three 
druoken sailors. At Calcutta the fort was 
taken by a combined detachment of seamen 
aad solaieTS. Hngli was taken a few days 
later, and some five hundred seamen were 
added to Clive's little army for the defence 
<rf Calcutta. On 9 Feb. 1757 the nawab 
concluded a treaty with the English, but 
ehortly afterwards he was won by French 
intrigues to support them in the war of 
which the news bad just arrived. Watson 
determined nevertheless to reduce Chander- 
nagore, which was done on 23 March after a 
destructive cannonade from the ahips and the 
shore batteries. The nawab, tr|i8tmg to the 
support of the French, became very insolent ; 
but his own servants conspired against him. 
His minister, Mir Jaflier, entered into nego- 
tiations with Cliva and Watson, and it was 
agreed that Sur^ ud Dowlab should be de- 
posed, and that Mir Jaffier should succeed 
aim. The intermediary now made a very 
exaggeratedclaim for reward, and wasquieti^ 
only by a clause in bis favour introduced into 
a fictitious agreement. Watson refused to be 
« party to the fraud, and, though bia name 
was written to it by Glive or by Olive's order, 
it doesnot appear that becver knew anything 
about it. In the military operations which 
followed, Watson reinforcea dive's email 
force by a party of fifty sailors, who acted 
as artillerymen, and had an important share 
in the brilliant victory of Plassey on 22 June. 
In this Watson was not personally con- 
cerned. His health, severely tried by the 
climate, broke down, and he ^iedon 16 Aug. 
1757. A monument to his memory was 
erected in Westminster Abbey, at the cost 
of the East India Company. He married, 
in 1741, Bebecca, eldest daughter of John 
Francis Duller of Morval, Cornwall, and bad 
issue two daughters and one son, Charles, 
bom in 1761, on whom in 1760 a baronetcy 
was conferred. 

His portrait, by Thomas Hudson, has been 
engraved by Edward Fisher. 

[Charoock's Biogr. N«v. iv. 407; Beatson's 
Naral and Mil. Memoirs ; Ives's Historical 
Narrative ; Passing Certificate and Commission 
and WarraDt Books in the Public Record Office ; 
English Cyclopajdia. 'Biography,' v. 551-2; 
Foster's Baronetage.] J, K. L. 

WATSON, CHRISTOPHER (d. 1581), 
historian and translator, a native of Durham, 
was educated at St. John's College, Cam- 
bridge, where he proceeded B.A. in 1565-6 
(CoopEE, Athena; Cantctbr. i. 434). For some 
time he resided withThomasGawdy (recorder 
of Norwich, afterwards a knight and a judge 
of the queen's bench) at his residence, Qawuy 



Hall, in Harleeton, Norfolk. It was during 
this period that he appears to have composed 
his translation of Polybius, for the printing 
of which a license was granted by the Sta- 
tioners' Company to Thomas Ilackett in 
1665 ; but no copy of an impression bearins 
that date is known to exist. He commenced 
M.A. in 1669, and his name occurs in the 
list of the opponents of the new statutes of 
the university in 1572 (Laub, On'gmal Docu- 
merits, p. 359). It is supposed that be was in 
holy onlers, and that he died before 12 June 
1581, when the Stationers' Company licensed 
to Henry Carre ' a lamentation for the death 
of Mr. Chriatofer Watson, mynister,' A 
Christopher Watson was appointed rector of 
Bircham Xewton, Norfolk, in 1578, and also 
resigned the rectory of Beechamwell in the 
same county before 1683 (Blomefield, vii. 
294, X. 291). 

Watson published : 1. 'The Hystories of 
the most famous and worthy Cronographer 
Polvbius : Discoursing of tlie warres betwixt 
theliomanes and Cart haginien sea, a riche and 
goodly Worke, conteining halsome counsels 
and wonderfull devises against the incoro- 
brances of fickle Fortune. Englished by 
C. W. Whereunto is annexed an Abstracte, 
compendiously coarcted out of the life and 
worthy acts perpetrate by our puissant Prince 
King Henry the fift,' lx)ndon, 1668, 8vo, 
dedicated to Thomas Gawdy. 2. ' Cat^ 
chisme,' London, 1579, 8vo. A tract of four 
leaves, without title-page or pagination, en- 
titled ' Briefe Principles of Religion for the 
Exercise of Youth: done by C. "\\.' (London, 
1581, Svo), is aMignPil lo Watson in the 
Briti.sb Musi^um Catalogue. He also made 
some valuable collections on the historv of 
Durham, which are extant in Cottonian MS. 
Vitell. C. ix. ff. 61 sqq. 

[■.4.ddit.MS.5883,f.81 ; Ames's Typogr. Antiq. 
(Herbert), pp.742, 895, 1338; Briiggemann's 
English Editions of Greek nnd Latin Authors, 
p. 241 ; Arbor's Registers of the Stationers' 
Company; Cat. of Cottonian MSS. p. 425; 
Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 755.] T. C. 

WATSON, DAVID (1710-1756), trans- 
lator of Horace, is believed to have been 
born in Brechin, Forfarshire, in 1710. He 
is said to have studied at St. Leonard's Col- 
lege, St. Andrews, and the title-pages of 
his books describe him as A.M. of tnat col- 
lege; but the university records from 1790 
onwards do not contain his name either as 
student or graduate. Nor is there any offi- 
cial evidence of the popular statements that 
Watson was ' professor of philosophy ' in 
.St. Leonard's and lost his chair in 1747, 
when the colleges of St. Leonard's and 
St. Salvator'a were united. The professors 

b2 



• 



oCboth eoll^gMia 1747 SNin to be accounted 
for. «nd not oos of thtrm in nnmeil WktiMn. 
WkkteTcrbfl ms, and liowAoevtr educated, 
tbeR is no doabt of his scholanbip, and a 
Bnetieally' contvinporaiy naniwcritit Dor«, 
iBNTibed on the copv of hU Horace in 
St. Aodi«m Lniremty library, aecms to 
Imto » little unccriniiity resnrding his re- 
|Nrt«d disir|Mtion. lie ended hU career in 
tl» oeif^bDurbood of London in 1703, and 
hilt nipliincbolj rrconi Hmm*]* urith tbr trndi- 
ticm thiit he woa buried at tbe expeneo of 
the mrish in wbJcb be d>pd. 

Vi ntj>iin pnbliahcd in 1741 , In Titq TolumeA 
octaro.the ' Works of Horact-transIatediDto 
EnAli>h Prow, with flu? oriffitiiil l.iitin/ Ac; 
Sndedii. 174": 3nl edit. ITTO. Tlus is a 
ttonnnumt of tcbolarship and literani' skill, 
nol ofilygivioff acriticul tvxt und&8EHM:iiillv 
Httnu-tive TenuoD, but Mmtxidvitig Dougliuft 
catalo^e of noarly five hundred editions of 
Horac*, and IVmtlnv'n vnrimi* n-iidingii. 
lU popularity was inatantanpoiii), although 
Bobolarv protested a^inst thi- pnitt'ntation uf 
Homc« m pros* (NicHO!.'^ I.id-i-ary Anf^r- 
d»te», I. I'll It.) lievised «ditions were pre- 
pared bTSamiidl Patrick, T7iX), ami William 
CrHclefi, 17ftJ. Watson itlso piiblisbud in 
]7n2 ' A Clear and L'ompendloiia HLst-ory of 
ibu Godd and Ooddoasus awl tbvirCi>nti>ini>0' 
rariu«,'wMcLTeacbedaaeconi](!Jittotiinl7&3. 

[AndvrMD'a Scottish Nation; Irving'* Emi- 
ntoit ScoUmim ; information from Mr. J. Slait- 
laod AtiiIcr*on, u»ivc?r>ii]r libmrino, St. Aa- 
dreirai Alllbona'* iJini. of £ngli«h AnthorB: 
LownJuo'K Bibliugraplier'N Miioual, k.t. 'Ilont* 
tiu..-] T. B. 

WATSON, DA VID{l7I.'t?-17fH),nn.jop- 

fiincnd, royal enf^nccr»,waBbom aliout 1 / 1'). 
lis tlrsit commission caimol bw iraced. He 
wnnat Uibraltarin I7II1, andnin:J2Junt!l7;i3 
waajtroiuutudtobL'liuutuHiuitintbt^^^-jlbfoot, 
ibo ttrgimi'^t of .loLii IjH-.tlic, i.-nUi wtrl of 
liothu's. In tbu Bunitncr of 174:^ hf arcom- 
IMLnitsl liiii n-ffimrnl to Klnnil'T*, and pnjifled 
lhl^ wintpr at Ghent. On account of bia 
knou'ledgtf of fortiticalion and field «n|{ine<?r- 
ing, and of bis dkill a» a (Iraiightsman, \w 
Wfts ^Lvcn on tf'I Uec. tbc local warrant uf 
engineer in ordinary, and AttAcbed to the ord- 
nance train under Colonel Tliumaii Pattiaon.. 
He took part in the battli> of Dullinfjon on 
27 June 1743, and aMin wintered at (Ihent. 
On 10 Sfnrtii 1744 WaUton was placed on 
the natabliRbment of the enffin«^>rH m a 5ub- 
emffinwT, and that y«ac ho lay with th« 
ordnance train for the txiMC part inAcliru at 
Oatond. He was actively employed in the 
eampaifpiof 1 745, took part in the battle of 
FoatcDoj OD U Miy, and was promotud 



on the Slit of that month to be csptua in 
the 'ly^ frmi, th« EaH of Paamant'* n^ 
n)«ni. He did pwid service at the aiece of 
Ortend, which capitnlatod to tb» Frmicfa on 
l-*t Aiir. I'nditr tbo termfl of thi* capitu- 
lation a» rejoined the Duke of Cumberland's 
ormy, but ho was rt-cnllod lo Knglaud in thfr 
autumn to aid in crushing the Stumrt rebel- 
lion. 
On 4 Not. Watson went north nad wi* 

? resent at the siege and recapture ontSDee. 
74S of Carlisle, and at tbt< luiltle uf Fal- 
kirk on 17 .Tun. 174(1. For biit Mtrvices ha 
wa* promoted on the next day to b© lieu- 
tenant -colontd in the army. lie took part 
in thf! btiHli^ of Oiilloden'on Itf April 1.46, 
and remained in the highlands to design 
and aiipt-rintend the creation of aomebarru^ 
at InviTiHiaid, belwi^en Loch Katrine and 
Loch Lomond. He designed in April 1747 
a new magazine for Kdiimurgh Csstle. His 
(ItwigiiA for all Ibwt! works are in the Uritikb 
Mufteuui. On 3 Jan. 174S Walaun wa« pro.* 
muli-d to be engiiieMMJXtraordinary on lb»^ 
efitabliahment. 

In 1747 Wotson submitted n achenio 
for a Bum-T of N'orrb ilrirnin. Thf adran- 
ta;re of such an underCtLking was particu- 
birly eviiV'iit at thai tirm-, nm! Icil- king 
directed that it tthould be pnict-tided with at 
once. Wat»ou wan appointed auperinten- 
dent, with tbL'titlcofdepiitr-quarl^nnaster- 
gvueml in Scotland, antl a brigade of 
engineers was sent to act under bis orders. 
VXitb ibu vxocutiou of this survey, or ox- 
tended railitnry reconnaissance, was com- 
bined an enlargement of Marshal Wade's 
f don of connecting thr bigblttndA and lnw> 
ands, and apenin;r up the eoiiutry by nieana 
of good mads. Watson laid nnt tb-.- ilirec- 
tions of the difli-rent trucks, and mid apeciJit 
ettention to the main roads. lie formed a 
camp near Fort Augustus as a cr-ntrct for \ 
the troopt! employod u|>on tbc works, who 
were despatched thence to outlying stations. 
Ho coutinuud tbis work fur wvi-ral years, 
rnuipli-ting it with bridgi-s, cuWerts, and 
clianneU ; and the troops emplnyed. proud of 
their labour in no iinjiorlunt a public work, 
en^pted Riemorijtifl by the wayside bearing; 
records of lliu dates and names of tb« t«f^* 
inenf« employed. 

WaTBon WW assisted, both inthisworkani] 
the survey, hv two very able vonne men, his 
nephew I)nvid Dandos (l73.Vl8:iO) [q. v.] 
a-ud William Hoy < irM-17'J0> [q. v.] Boy 

i'oined him in 1^4(1, and Dunda« six years 
fttisr. Watson carried out in 1748, in addi- 
tion to his other work, improvements *o tha 
defenct'8 of tbo castlvK of llmt'inar and Cor- 
S^T^- Four plana by him of these castke 



A 



Watson 



Watson 



<(lat«l 25 April 17^8) are amonii the w«r 
office recordj. On 31 I>ec. 17M Wolson 
WM protnoled tu bv vajjumT iu unliuarj. 
In 1761 be completed hi* Rnat >un-aj; &nd 
tlio ori^iiul pntnictiumt o( lbs north part of 
it, ia ei)thtyfoiir roIlN, nmlcif tlte imuthpart 

Hin ten rolU, with ritrious oopiea of ihc! sur- 
^ty to n rr<1iic««I scaU, are ia tba British 
■iiseuni. Ther>> uIm ue iirvwrved KTenil 
invrcator pn^vctions of North Rrilain, od 
irbioh map« mre indicated the pcmta in the 
bigbUnds which vran occupivil or propQt«d 
for occupttion by th« reguUr troops. The 
^^MviMOti and iMmpli^tian of the survey vtux 
^^MDotAUiDlaied ia ir.Vi, but. pmvi'nltnl by iUn 
^^^ntbroaVof war. The iuney was tveniiially 
reducwl by Watsoii mid Uoy, i-ngrnvi-d in u 

Rtgle ah«et, and publtflhcd ns * The King's 
An alartD of tnTMion cauM'd tito r«ca]1 of 
alson and his as«i«iant8 t4 Englaiul to 
ikc militaryrcconnaiaaanceaof tbofte pitrla 
•j< th« country most exposed to »ai:h attack. 
IVataoD made a recoiinaiuauct> of ihe coun- 
try between Guildford and Caiicrrbun' in 
DM«oab<*r 1766, and early in 17'>(I of the 
oounlry between Darcbe^«r ami Sulishiiry, 
Ktid alw birtwwii rilguceslt>r atid iVmbroke. 
In March 17>V). nn an nddn>fi9 of thi> HauM 
of Commnns, Wateun def>igiied worlis for 
thf d«f«noe of Milford I lav«n. ri>> vim ex- 
amined by a committcts of the Tlouac' of 
Commons, and bis projects weri.« recom- 
nipndml to be ptit in hand to allay public 
alarm. Nothing, howijver, was dorw, and 
some jcars later othc^r prouoaala by General 
William Hkinm-r iITOO-l'sOl 'q. v.; wcrv 

Srefern-d- AN'ulson's.'iiirvwof Milfoniriuvtm, 
ntt>d 3 Mun.'h 17-»^ h in tW; Uritiab Mu«!uta 
(King'H Ltbrarv). 

On 'JS May VV'ataon waa appatnted qiior- 
trrraaslf-r-j^ttn^riil iif lb*- force* for Scotland, 
with tits rank of colomd of foot ( tintl. Gai, 
12 J.me 176fi). On 14 May 1757, when the 
ttng-int^n irerr morf^ni«.-d, ho becamo a 
captain of roral engim'vni. 

On ^1 Atrhl 17-58 ^^'a(ll>^ waa given the 
colont-lcy 01 lbe<^3rdfoul,nud wovappointvd 

aaartermaBlcr^iieral in ihf c mjo'mt ffXp«- 
ilion, under the Duke of Alarlbnroii^h, 
l^nl Anwin, and Aiinnral Hont*, nhicb 
sailed from Spithend for rhe French coaats 
un 1 June. 1 1? landed with the troope in 
Cancal«' Ray, msar 8t. Malo, nuii«tM on the 
JiilluwinK day in th« destruction of shipping 
and ma^aiineS of naval Atofes in (ho suburbs, 
embarked again on the llth, und, ntlvr in- 
effective vtiLtA to Havre and Cherbourg, 
letumKd to I'ortsmuuth. 

Watson then join<^ thi; allied army on thi 
lUunu nnder Piince Ferdinand of Bruns- 



I wick. He was appointed quartunnaft*ir- 
grmeril on the Btan of !x>nl (iirorge Sack- 

. riUe, commanding ttu- Briiiidi coniingvnt, 
and in that capacity took part in all ibe 
operations of ttie cninpaigiia of 17&d and 
I7fiil ill which the I!nti»h wer^ engaged, 
l>u 31 Julv 17M) ht' nvonnotlred the country 
botirwii the allied camp and ftlinden Heath, 
extending bis reconnaiwanco bi'yond the 
village of Haleii. He distinguished hintelf 
at thr; buttle of Minden on I Aug., and on 
the followitig day wa« (hauki'd m gvotfil 
orders fi>r hia bravery and aUe Mrrice. He 
was promotod to be D»gor-geDeral on 26 June 
l7oit, but Iti* jircnnotion waa not gaaetled 
until 1-5 Sept. Mlnwing. 

(In 23 Ocl. 17<IU Watson was trnnefem'd 
frmn the rolont'lry of tht; fi^lnl foot to that 
ofthi-SKtbrwt. lie diodm London OD "Not. 
176), whik' holding the appoiutmcatof ijoar- 
tennaKter-genenil to the ft>re«s. Hi* por- 
Tmir, painted by .\. Soldi, is in the National 
Portrait GsIIitv, Edinburgh. 

IW&r Offic« Kf^cords; Royal Kngineen IU. 
corJa; Goot. Ung. 17tl: CoDaoUy Papers; 
]*ort«t's UiMory uf tha Corps of Koyal El- 
gitiprm; Meddon'R Caia[ogu« Qf nianaNtnpt maps 
mid {'bin* in tho BritiRb MuMum ; Cutt'a Anaitls 
of 1 hr W.ir* of I bp Hightmnth Ceaturv ; Wright's 
J.ifaofO.noml Wolfo.] It II. V. 

WATSON, fiEOROE (1723P-I773), 
divine, bt'ni iu 1723 or 1724, was the son of 
llnni|tbn'y Wal«on of Ijondcin, Hemntricii* 
luted from Tniveraitv College, Oiford, oii 
14 Miircb 17:M>-.JU, graduating K.A.in 1743 
and >t..^. in 1740. Ik-wa-tek-clt-dtoftKhnlar- 
HLipoath<-l)enn<.-tfounditliouonl.HI)(>e.l7l'l, 
and was chosen on ;f7 Oet, 1717 to a fellow- 
ship ou tlif same foundation, which he r*— 
signed on 20 March 1764. While at fnl- 
versity College he was the tutor and ftiuiid 
of (ieorgi- ilomi- (i[.v.], aAirwards liinlmp 
of Norwich. Although little known to liin 
contempomrii?)), he pooseased Folid learning 
anda^oundjiidinnent. Such eminent divineft 
as Home and William Jonea of Naylnnd, 
who aIm knew him at Oxford, ^cok of his 
nttninnu'ntsin high (erui^i. 1 le held the theo 
logical opinions of John Ilntchinson {It(74- 
173") [(]. v.], to which he introduci-d JonuH 
and Home. Watson dim! on !(t .VpHI 1773. 
He was the author of: 1, 'ClmBt the Light 
of the World,' Oxford, I750,8vo. 2. * A Sea- 
•onable -Admonition t-o the Church of Eng- 
land,' 0.xford, 175'^, Svo. 3. ' Aaron's luter- 
cPMton and Komh's Itcbolliou Conaidert-d,' 
Oxford [1766]. Svo. J.'ThoUoclrini-oftho 
Ever BleMed Trinity,' London, 1760, 8vo. 
These four ftermons were reprinted by John 
.MatUiew Gutch [q. v.] in iB'tO, iiniler tUi; 
title • Wat«on Itedivirus' (Oxford^ Sto). 



■ 
I 



k 



Watson » 

[Jooes't Li(« of Uone. I'Vfi. pp- 3£-ao: 
Hona'e UiKoaraM, 1803, ii. 119, ir. 370 - .Ngtcs 
BildQnwira, 2iid ivr. titi. 399, ix. 14, x. 154, xl. 
SIT, xii. 334; KoatcKs AJnmtii Oxori. UlA- 
I6W; W«,tt> Biblitrthwai Britnnnica; aeul. 
Mag. 1778 p. 203. laSl ii. 694.] £. I. C. 

WATSON. i;i'.(>ROE (17B7-lfi37), poi- 
tnit-{Mint<>r itnri firtt pn-jiii]oiitortl]» i^Hoy&I) 
Scottisli Aciu!»?niv, con of John Wftt^Mii and 
FruicM Voiwhoi Ellioit, hin wifi^ was bom 
at bis father's esiate, OTermaiiis, Berwick- 
shire, in 1767. lit- rectfivotl bi* early ctlu- 
catitiii ill Hdiiiburcb, and got «ome iiittiuc- 
tiun ill paiiitiu^: from Ale:i(iD(li-r Na^Di^rtli 
[q. v.], but vfh^n ai|;bt{KD yv*r* of ago he 
wpnl lu Loniliin vrilli aii intrixluclion to 
Sir JoHhua Reynolds [q. v.], wha received 
h.im «» n jtapil. Aftttr two y^r» api^nt in 
Sir Jfishua'ii .itndio, he r<-!tiinied to I-Min- 
burgb, aod e&tithli)-bed bimsi^ll' nc « pitriniit- 
paiater. In \^0f' bo was auociatM Trith 
otJior pajotera in fHarlinfr a Bocicty of arti»t«, 
which, boweter, only laMvd a f«w years. 
Ho exhibited frvijuctitly ai ibo HoytA Aca- 
demj and the Uritiab Lostitution, and (ibont 
1815 wsK invited to London lx> jmint » nutn- 
her of {inrt.milH, irnrludirig tiiofti' of llii- dean 
of CanteHjiiry and B«njiiinin'\Vii»l. Iiil^iK, 
in spitv of niurli opjiOKiliim fi'otii l.lie Rnval 
Inaritnlinn, iho Scotliidi Amduuiy was 
founded, and Watson, vrho bad bwa luvai- 
doni of 111.' pn-vioiiM wjcietj, wi« «]«cted 
t« Ihn flain« nlfiro in the new ntie, the uUi- 
mate siicce" of which i* larp-ly du.- t" hi« 
tact atirl ability. Hi^> continufil [in.-^id>-iit 
until bis dt^th, which took place in F^iii- 
burgb on 24 Auj?. 1^7, n few months bo- 
fore Uio aciidvuiy rw.'»jiviid its ro^a! cbacl'Ci. 

It i^ said that he * Inng mainlninpd an 
houourablv rivalry with Itavbuni ' >uu UiE- 
Bmir, K:r IIcTer], but, all]ioU|;ii his gnAp 
orebiinict ct was decided, his I'secutivu power 
coniitdrtrabI>>, Hnd hi» ivork bHlirngK lo ii fitiv 
oonveution, liiji portrait un- lacki^ tlit- qiiuli- 
ti«8 which eivu that of ih*^ olh^r eiidiirinfr 
Ultl;rt'«^ lie i« ri'pr<«>!ii.tfil in tlio Noiional 
Oallery of l!!cotIa>id by nortrnitH of two 
brother artiatA, Itonjamin nest and Alox- 
andi-r Skirving; and in tht.' .Souttiiihrurlrait 
Oalli^n' by a nuiubrr uf pottruita, including 
ono of liim^elf, and one of William SmulUc, 
which t">mr cimiid^fr hm brsi pii-cn of work. 
Shorily after hh ri^tiirn from hia firat. vitir 
to I^iridon \w married ICclKCca, dnutflitcr 
of William l^m»Ilif, printer and naturolint, 
who, with five children, siirvired liira. 

Their son, William SmdliL- Wnt8on(170t»- 
1674), yttts bam in KJiiiburfj-li iu IT'M, aud, 
like hid father and hi.'>coiHiii,^Jtr John Wat- 
aOD Oordoa [q. v.], becami' a purLraii-piuntvr. 
He was a pupil uf bia fiitb«r'«, atudied at 



i 



Watson 

the Trust^M' Academy, and from 181S, for 
Gveyears, in tbfl schools oftlmltoadoti llenml 
Academy, and worked for a year witb Sir 
David Wilkif [q. v.], while ttat artiat was 
patnliii); ' Thi! 1 «nny Wa-ddini,' ' and oUier 
pictureti. Returning to Gdinburgli, b« nftde 
a good connect ioa as n pottrBil-paint«r, be> 
came on« of th« foiindipra of xhv ScoItiA 
Academy, and fornearly fiAy yvanexbibit'ei] 
with unlailiu);n.fpiloTily. IIosoMyconfinad 
himaelf to portraiture ; "Thv OriiitboU<Ki«t* 
ia only one of a cla^ of portraits faDcinillj 
uoini-^l; and whiluhi^ uiciun.'awereMteeiDiea 
admii'tttli! likeut-^MBu hv hi* cont»m]nninm, 
lliay have little altmction m worha of nri. 

Ilcdiedin ICdinhurgh on ti Nov. 1c>i4. IIu 

was a devotctl i^udpnt of natural hisloi?, 

, particularly ornitbolu^^', and fonaed on ez- 

1 icnflive collection of npffimeii.t, which be bc- 

I <]ucatbed to Edinhmt;!! L'nivtrsily. 

I [Aiidrnoo'i Scuttish Niktion, 187^; ScoT^ 

niun, 7 Nuv. IS71: SetlRnvofi. DryaaV, and 

. Ora.TC!i' Uii^td. ; Cata of ^oltixh Natiimnl nnd 

Portmit Oalloritm ; HarTryV No(c» on tllfr 

Itovul S.-Jttieh Afflidemv,) J. L. C. 

WATSON. HKNUY 0737-17^61, 
colonel, chief enginwr Jlr-nsa], won of m 
proxii-rat Ilulbouuh, IjincolnBliine, was bom 
Iben^ iu 17^17. ICdiiL-ated at >I<>HrE. Itirka' 
achool at riosberlon, near 8paldine, he tsirl 
, diiplavT'd a genius ft>r niatbRmutici). Thiig 
I wnii broniqht In tlit-nniic«"f Thiitiiii»A\'bich- 
I cot of liarpi'swcH, one uf tho m<;mV-r# of 
imrliitim-tiL for I.inroInAbire, who had bim 
examined hy thi; mtiatcrof nrift|;Kliool,aDd, 
on recviviuj; n very favoiiruhle rvport, pro- 
cuTvi n iiominnfton for him to the Royal 
Military Academy at Wwdwicb, aa well as 
an etuign'it commi&sion on 'Si Dec 176^ 
jn itie '>i'iid fuot, Abvrcrumby'a regimeni 
Thence lie was iranaferred a» iieuU^nanl 
I'-l S"pL._ 1757 lo tUu SOlh foal, Stud 

As eiirly ii£ 1753 Walsan contribati-d 
tht'tiiaticiil piijitirii to ibe ' Lfldiea Diary,' 
cciiidnrtfld hy I'rofvgiior Tliiimoj Simpson 
[q. v.l, who WHS not only his inatriictor at 
the Ho^ni Military .\cademy. "Woolwich, but 
I bis intimatt- IVieuu. Siuipihiii vnlvrtainudM 
high an opinion of his abilities that nn bis 
death in l.UO Id- Urfl hta unllnishcd xoathe- 
matical trealides to \^ Al.ion, with a rv<i(ut>Kt 
that Lu would ruvi&o th<em for piihlicatinti, 
milking any atl<-ratioiut or additions wlucb 
be toight consider doaimble. Watson «ubs6- 
quently twbavvd gvncroualy to Simpeoa'a 
widow, bur be failed to eftrry out the pub- 
lication of bis pupers. and wua in oonw- 
queno*' aitiwliod l)yCh«rli?sIIutton[q. v.J in 
bis 'Life of SlnipMu,' ptufUud ta *SabKC * 
Kxeroiaea,' t79± ^M 



4 

I 

m 

i, ' 

9- 

al 

ell as I 
17Sfr a 
iDent«^H 
nl OD^^I 
lbolB»H 

I ma- ^n 

4 



Watson 



Watson 



Watson received a commisBion as sub- 
engineer and lie utenant, after pasa i aa thro ugh 
Woolwich academy, on 17 March 1759. In 
1761 he went in the expedition to Belleisle 
under Commodore Keppel and General 
Hodgson. He arrived on 7 April, and took 
part in the siege and capture of the place, 
which capitulated on 7 June. On 93 Feb. of 
the following year he was transferred to the 
97th foot, James Forrester's regiment, and in 
March he went as sub-engineer with the ex- 
pedition under Admiral bir George I'ocock \ 
and the Earl of Albemarle to Havaaa,ftrriTed ' 
on 5 June, and took part in the siege with 
some distinction ; the place capitulated on 
14 Aug., and Watson was thanked by the 
commander of the forces, and afterwards by 
theking. On 4 Feb. 1763 he was promoted 
to a company in the lOlth foot, and the same 
year he was recommended by Lord Ciive to 
go to India. 

He went to Calcutta in 17&4, and on 1 May 
was appointed field-engineer with the rank 
of captun and commander of the troops in 
Bengal. He was sworn into the East India 
Company's service on 9 May. I^ord Clive 
returned to India in May 1765, and ap- 
pointed Watson chief engineer of Bengal, 
to which were added Behar and Orlssa. 
AVatson was employed upon the Fort Wil- 
liam defences, and constructed works at 
BudgeBudge and Melancholy Point. lie was 
impressed with the necessity of dock accom- 
modation at Calcutta, and obtained a prant 
of land upon which to build wet and dry 
docks, and lay out a marine yard for tittinj; 
out ships of war and mercliantmen. TLe 
designs were approved, and the works were 
carried on for some years with vigour; but 
the board of directors stopped tliem for 
want of funds before they were finished. 
Watson laid out a very larj^e amount of 
his own money on them, but was umible to 
obtain any compt-nsation, although he sent 
Mr. Creassey, the suiierintendent of the 
works, expressly to England to reiiresent 
the case. He then constructed two ships, 
the Nonsuch, thirty-six guns, and Surprise, 
thirty-two. They wtre built by George 
Louch with native shipwrights undi;r Iiis 
personal direction, and were iiitemted to prey 
upon the Spanish commerce off the Philip- 
pine Islands; but he shared the ill-favour 
into which his patron Clive had fallen : the 
application made by hia ngent for letters of 
marque was refused, and Watson employed 
the ships in commerce. 

Watson was promoted to bo lieutenant- 
colonel on 19 Jan. 1775, after his return to 
England. In 1776 he published a transla- 
tion of Enler's 'Compleat Theory of the Con- 



struction and Properties of Vessels ' (lion- 
don, 8vo ; 2nd edit. 1790). He enriched it 
with many additions of his own, and the 
English edition has this superiority over the 
French — that it contains a supplement 
which Euler sent the translator in manu- 
script just aa he had finished the translation 
of the published French work. Watson 
appUed the principles laid down in the con- 
struction of the vessels he built in India, 
which proved the fastest vessels then built. 

In 1780 Wtttson was recalled to India, 
and took with him the mathematician Reu- 
ben Barrow, who had been assistant to Maa- 
kelyne at the royal observatory, and to 
whose care had been committed the cele* 
brated Schiehallion experiments and obser- 
vations. 

Finding his health impaired bv climate 
and hard service, Watson resigned the ser- 
vice on 16 Jan. 1786, and emlHirked in the 
spring; but his health &iled, and he landed 
at Dover, only to die on 17 Sept. 1780. 
He was buried in a vault of St. Mary's 
Church, Dover, on the 22nd. An engraved 
portrait is mentioned by Evans (^Vat. i. 
11006). 

Watfon married in India, and his wife 
accompanied him to England. Having 
omitted to alter a will made before mar- 
riage, hia considerable fortune went to a 
natural daufihter living under the care of 
Mrs. Richardson of Holbeach. She married 
Charles Schreiber. 

[India Offica Rocords; War Office Records; 
Royikl Engini.'erit' Records; European Magazine, 
1787, wliii'li contains a portrait of Wiitson; 
Gent. M:<K. 1786, 1810. and 1833; Notes and 
Queries, 1st pur. i, itiui iii.] I!. H. V. 

WATSON, IIEWETT COTTRELL 
(1804-lSNl), botanist, was bom on 9 May 
1804 at Park Hill, Firbeck, Yorkshire. His 
father, Holland Watson, was nephew of John 
Watson (172o 17WI) [q. v.] His mother, 
Harriett,danghter of Richard Powell of Hea- 
ton-Xorria, iii'ar Stockport, was descended 
from the lust I.nrd Folliott of Hallyshannon. 
In 1810 the family removed to Congleton, 
Cheshire, and voung W'atson was sent first 
to Coofrleton grammar schwl, where he had 
the rt'putatiun of a dunce, and was then 
placed uniler the Ifev. J. Bell at Alderley. 
l>r. Stanley (afterwards bishop of Norwich) 
was then rector of Alderley, and first en- 
couraged a love of botany in the boy, while 
Watson often jirotected the frail, delicate 
Arthur Stanley (afterwards dean of "West- 
minster), who was one of his schoolfellows 
though eleven years his junior. A perma- 
nent injury to tho joint of one of his knees 



Watson 



8 



AVatson 



prevented WiitA^in from enU'riri)^ the annr, i 
iUid<Hil<Mtvi]is9chw>lm li^21 be wataniclrd 
to MefltFH. JaclcMu, si>1icUorA,of MAOchootor. 
Having, lowuver.nu iucliimtioa for tbe law, : 
null ioQt^ritiaii; a Hioall estalu in Dcrbysliiri'i ' 
from u ininibL-ruf liiii inuthfr's fmiiily when 
1mi wBh nljiiul Iwetily-lH'o, Un dttciduil on t-i»- 
lering ihn iioivcrflity of Eclinbiir|rli. Uf hud 
nt tills tinii<, tlirou^jli ibi' acijuniiitniiCM uf « 
Dr. CAim^mn, become deeply inlen»t(Ml in 
phrenolo^*, und on going tu Kdinbiir^li in 
1828 ftUcn<l4>(l the medicnl cli'iaftAi but, 
tiicm^b be rcmaiDed fui four seKsioDS, bu 
look no deforce, Ik-sidM plirwncilojfy, bi; 
dflvotrd Litntidf to umitbolouiy. eutomolo^, 
uid Ijotanv. In 18itl-:2 bv wils i-Iitrtcd 
aeoi'irjiTL-f^iduiilurtliu Koybl Mi)dicnl!:^}ci^ty 
of KdiiiUirjitU, and in \Slil ^'aiued tbe pro- 
feMor'n j(ulj tnedal for a batsnica! vtm,y. 
TiiusubJL-cl of ibis cxay, llie gooi^phioal 
distribution of |iliints, wna uUimar«Ir to ln:- 
come Uie main Mtudy of liia lifi^, and iii 1834 . 
heaeiil>hi« co11"ctJoti itf iasi>ct» to JnMrpti 
fnow Sir Joscpb) llonkpr. In 183S. aAer i 
liTing for some mnntbi) with s brolher-in- 
Iflw, Captain Wakefield. ni;ArB«rnMJiplr,hK 
|)urcba«ed tboAcnall bi>uM> at Tbumett I)iltoa 
where ho paucd tlio ^«mllindl^r of bis life. | 
Uu bfcaiau a fulluw of thu Linitean t^ocietv . 
in IKU. 

Whilf! al Edinbur^li hu bad utiulu tlic ac- ' 
qtuintaticti of [Jeorgp t'otnb.' [q. v.l and 
Andrew C'^mlie 'i\. v.], aud of Dr. B|iuralieim, 
and in Its'tr ht> obtuned i'rom Geoi);e Combe 
iliccopyripblof ihe 'Phrenological Joumal,' 
«f which lie acted as editor from that time 
nDtil IKIU. ibougb hJa namci did not appt-ur 
Bu it until Jaatury 1899. H\» two phruiio- 
loiical works— 'Statistica of Phrenology: 
lK.'in|f a SktitoU of tlu< iV)f{n*»s aud i'rusi.>al 
Stair uf that Sc-ii-ncr in thf Hriliith Inliuidfi,' 
and ' An ExamiRation of Mr. SuotlV uUacIt 
upon Mr. Oi'orgL' Combe' — liad h'l.n piilj- 
U*h<>d in IS.'tfi ; buT, nUhriLigh always re- 
mainiog convinced of the truth of piirsno- 
lo^ical pnnciplLt, bu f".-!! compj-lied lowitb- 
iraw from any active pare m prouiulgatiiii; 
thenj oirin^; to the oncnce given lo inon.- 
zuuluus advucatva by hiA poiutlii^ out iuipor- 
f«Ctgou» in tbi^ir evidmce*, deGnilioui>, and 
nveetigationf (T. S. Vnivtui'^tStrii-tureaon 
HU Cbndturt of Mi: Itrirrit WnlM-m, Itydi-, 
1840, Bvo). In 1*42 he BCcomnonied'thfl 
Styx ail botviiBL in > oiirvt'y uC tW Az^iruK, 
paying; Iiia own espt-na<«, cnltooting for thn^e 
monlbs in four oflho lai]gvr islands, and in- 
Crodiicinf; MV«ral Azorcan s^y:iAS new to 
Eiigli^U ^rdens. This was bia only «xcur> 
Aion beyond lh«bouiid»of Biitain. In 1870 
be cofitribuU'd the botatiical part to Uod- 
anau'a ' Natural llialory of iLe Afchip«la^o.' 



In 1814 WatAon irae mainly inAtrumenial 
in drawing up the * London Catalogue of 
Itritieh I'iant»,' 'publithinl under the direc- 
tion of the Botanical Socieiy of lyondon,' 
and, Ibouffb the second nnd third oditions of 
that Bulboritative liMt bear aUo the natott of 
(I. v.. l>pnnMK, and the fourth and liflb that 
of J. T. S\ine (aftprwardii Boswullj, 'NValJMin 
n'uja mainly roxpunsiblc fgr vach ri-c<<n»ion 
down to the seventh, that of 1^74. Al- 
thoU{i;h be had ulrtady aci|»ired aln)o§t a 
KHn|K-/>n ri'pwtfltion as an authority on pfso- 
gmpliical boIan\', he was in 1816 an un- 
GticocMfiiL caudidnt'L' fur a cliair of biitany 
in the newly i>»tiibli3bt?d tjiwenVColItigisiu 
Ireland. The hrst volume of his niaffoinzi 
opLiif, 'CybrK; JtrilunniL'u.'appunn-d in 1847, 
tlw tiuccecdtn)! volnuiea heiui* iaaut^d in 1S4U, 
ISliit, and 1860, and a supplement in 181)0. 
A * Compundiuui of (be Cybete Urituuuica' * 
was published in Ir^il), and a uupplement 
dated 1^72 was printed at Thames DittOQ. 
It. wax his own notiim (i> app'ly tbr lerm 
' Cybele' to a treatise on plant distribution 
as a imralM to rht- l«rm ' Flora,' \ong med 
for aescriptiTe works; and in this work hfi 
groups ilritisb plants according to tb«ir 
stationa or ' habitali,' t^cir horiaonul di«* 
tribution in 18 provinces— baied upon river 
drainage and dividfd into 38 sub-prorinces, 
and 112 vici'-couni les — their vertical nuig« 
ac(.*ording to altitudr iind t«mp<^>raturo, 
reckoning 1" F. to every SIXi feet of altitude, 
(heir historical origin us ' natives, colonists, 
deniecDS, or alirna,' and tWir tyriu of distri- 
bution, as Oritish, linglish, Atlantic, Gei^ 
manic, S>cotch, or Highland, In this last 
MTii'»erconcluttionean.-#ull nearly identical 
was reached almost sirauiianeotisly on more 
ueolugical reasotiiug by PrDfcBsor Edward 
I Forbea [ij. v.] Cautiuiii and unspeculative 
to an extnjmo degne, Wataou early formed 
, very dytinilv otiinioni- lu" to tlmwant of fixity 
in fipeciea ; anil an article ' On tin' Th«-ory nf 
ftogteaeive IK'velopement ' contributed by 
him to tho ' HiytoWirt 'in 1R4^» wa.* re- 
printed in the concluding volume of the 
' C'ybalv.'witiin fuller statement of his views 
in ihti light of Ihu 'Urig-Iu of !;|ioeie«.' Dar- 
win in that work acknowletlgej ■ deep obli- 
gation 'tn Wat(-on 'forossistanre of all kinds,' 
and ia Ial«r '^ditionH dt-votnl connidKrabla 
apaea to bia crLticisms. I'he series of Wat- 
son's guographival wnrkv was coinplttttfd by 
'Topographical Motony' (IK7.'M), which, 
like nioiil of his oilier works, was originally 
only printed for privattf distribution. Yjki\v 
in (lis car«<>r he announced (Nkvillc Wood. 
Naturaliit, 1839, iv. 'im) that h« pubbf.hed 
' all hie works with a eenainlv of jieciiaiiiry 
loM, and that he would decline to receive 



Watson 



Watson 



mneiit fur any trticleseiit tn a periodicat.' 
m»59 A kwm ot>nlrovpr*i»U»r., he "ft*ii 
wrote Diorepiingently than Un iniitiKli-d icf. 
JoMmai of Sotatt^, ISilsl, p. 8U). Keen anil 
actircBAnpoUticisn, andnii iineonpromisiug 
deinocral, lio pubU«ii<.><I in I^U^, tin* year of 
ruTolutiou, A pampblot entitliHl ' I'ublL' 
Opiniun. ur Safe U(.-vol(inou thruuf^h SulF- 
rppTi^M^titBt iou,' in which he rec.iminwnJi-il a 
natioaal aAsuciatiuu lu tiku pleliiscttee on 
anv iiiihlic ou«stion. 
I \\ aldOB died untnarriet] at 'i*hiim<>« Ditton 

\ fin37 July 1881. Alitliutiraphic pjrirait of 
^Hliimia llfSdby .l.iinfram>i- lUfrhi-, ii>?ci>ni- 
^^BKnitfs a memoir oC lilm iii Nuvilk- WDod'a 
^^V^'atursltst ' for that yiMir, and a phntogrnph 
^^b( ititi) ill lulur life, thu moniuirhy Mr. Jolin 
^^fOilbtrt llaker, in tin* 'Juitniitl of llntaiiy' 
for I8HI. IIUBrilish hurbariiim, which Ii<i 
at <>Ba timt- lirmlv ititciidi^d to dtiiiilntv, i« 
preserred RepAratefynt Ki'w, and hia ^(>neral 
ooUwtion at Owt-nn Colk'fti-, Msiichv^ivr. 

B«3ide«b(Mifca already mt'iitionMland forty* 
nine paperB OB critical species of planls, 
byhritijam, aod f(eo;;raptiicul distribution 
en»lited lo hiui in the Knval S^tviol y'a ' Cuts- I 
logne' (vi.SW), viii. V2&2\, Watsoua chief I 
workiaro: 1. 'OutliniMnf thcCiouc^niphlcal 
ilributtoii rif Kritiiih I'UnlV t'Uinuurgli, | 
3, 6ya, of which h*- Mnsidsred ' ICptturltH 
ihd Dislributiatiof BritiKhPUtitfi. ciliieRy 
couui-i'tiiin with Liitititdf, i''I*^vatiorl, and 
liuat?/ Lon'Utn, ll%15, l'2iaa, aa n second 
itirHi, and ' The (!^0|{rapliical Dii^lrihiilion i 
British Hlanta/nfwhii^li only pan i. (l/>n- 1 
don, 18il8, ^vo), inciuding ICantiriculac^iv, 
Nymphseacoir, and Papavcracerc, wiw cror , 
piitilmhed, a.* a thir<l. ti. ' 'Vbv- nvw Itolanut'i 
^^Aiuidf to ihc Localitii's of the Uamr Plimt* 
^HM Briiain.' l^ndun. 183->-7. '^ toL». 8vo; 
^^^iMted tn Sir W. J. llooki^r. :t. 'Topo- , 

^^ISficnniK. . . uf llrili»h I'tants tmcnl Ihroiifjh 
' the 1 12 Caumiefi and Vicfi-Oouiitiefl/Tham*;! 
j nillon. 1873-i, 2 vols. 8vo. of which only a 
hiindn!dor>pi<'-*'wer0 printed: Mcotid vdilinn, , 
corn'ctedand enlaTf(vi),»dit«d bv J. ti. Dakcc , 
ftnd W. W. Xcwbould, London, 1^3. | 

[Noii-illo Wo™]*§ Namnilift, 183U. ir. 2ei;; 
and rDROioir l>y J. C). Bakar, nprinti'd from Lho ; 
Jiitimal of l!ut«ny in thaswond odilioo of Wat- 
son'* TvpoKraphienI Bolaay, 1883. J O. ,S. B. 

^_^ WATSON, .TAStES (d. ]7l»ii), Scottisli 
^^■nntor, and ibi ptih)i«hi-r of the famoua 
^^HChoicu Collection of Comic niitl Hi^rimin 
^^■Botbith Vouaif' was the eon of a merchant 
^^Hi AbBfdeen wbu bad adranctsl mimny to 
two Dutch printers to e«t up a printing 
vatabluiiment in l-Minburfrli. Failing lo 
aake their bueiaeBS remunerative, they made 




o(-er tb(>ir printing bonne to th« e1d4>r Wat- 
i«nn, who, havitij; cmvwl repajinpnt of a »am 
of monfiy h'nl tn Charlt-A ll wh>^n in oxile, 
iihtaineil in^l*»a<! the Rift of beinR »"]v printor 
of almanac* tu Scotland, and wni! also maile 
printer to hi* niaji-dty's family and tivutvhntd, 
wilhasiLtary of luu^aycar. nedit-dininB?. 
Thtt eoQ B'.'t up as a priutvr in 1005 in 
Worriiton Clo.w, on tbo north nidi' of tbe 
llij^h Strvft, whpnci>, in 1007, he i^tnored to 

EircMii.'W!<i in rraii^'nC'low, iTpnofite I he Cross, 
ung anerwardii knnwn og the King's Print- 
ing-hnii>t«. In 1700 lie was impn»oned in 
thtt Tolbonth for prinEinjif a pamplilot on 
' Scolland'fi fJriovance rv^rurdin^ Uartun,' but 
was T^1fA»eil by iht- moti, who ou I June 
forced an cutrance into Iho prison hr hiirn- 
jn)f and bnttcrinff down tb« Uoont. In 17()0 
liM bugnn lu publish tlK> 'Edinburgh Cia- 
ifilte.' und ht? wa» also thi- printer of ihe 
' Edinhur;rh Conrant,'whi«h was first ii^nacii 
(iif I'Vh. I"!).'*) n» a tri-wodlily pnper. In 
1700 be opent^d a bookseller's abojinirxt door 
to the Ilvd Lion and oppoeit« lui; Lucken- 
bonths, which faced St. G ilea's Chtircli. 

On thi> expiry of the patent of king's 
printor rfinfi-rfed on Andrew Andi-rson, and 
thfu hflJ by biit widow, \Vsl.*ou t-ntf^ri'd into 
negutia'ioiis with Itobert Kairbuirit and John 
Bo^kutt [i|. v.] (({ui^lu'b jirinter for fCngland) 
to apply lor tlio patent in Fairbaini'» luime, 
each to have oue-third of tht? intent. Tbn 
apidlcntion wae euecvseful, the palpnl bt'ing 
olitainod in Ang^utt 1711. (Jn FntrbRirn 
becoming printer to the IVlender, in 1715. 
Mr*. .\ud<jrs'm, nlotijjc with BMki^tt, appliod 
lor a new gift, on the ground that tho lat« 

SBti?nt waa void ; hut thu court of twtioil 
ecidftil in Watson'^ favour, and on appeal 
to llie lords iia judgment wa« confirm'^. 
]ii 1713 Wat«oo i«jued a ' JIiAtory of I'nini- 
ing'— tnaiiilv tranflntud from th» French of 
J. de k Cullle, I'aris KWO—with a ' pub. 
lialivi's pri-facw lo the printota in ScoLlnnd,' 
c-'iul Hilling niriittiN partirulnr* ri'garding 
W&lBiin'd own bm-inea^ In Wnuly and ac- 
cnrncy of worl(niun>>hip Wataon <)ii!te sur- 
pa.taed bin Kdinburgh conli'Ri]iornri<i*, tho 
most important eiaroplc of his art being his 
folio bib!>', I7:*l^ But Ihe book by w-hicb 
be will be Iong<^frt and most worthily n'mom- 
buft'd JB liis 'Oboiiw djlliscLioti of Comic 
and Serious Sl:otci^h pLH<mE,' issued in thrM 
parts (170(1, 1709, I7II), and containing 
manv charficlerirtic examples of thcT oldrr 
' mal(«n>,' an widl as vaiious contemporary 
broiidjiides. It properly innugiiriili>« thr- nv 
vivdl of thp Scots vernacular poetry, whicb. 
through lUim^ay and Fvrguaon, wns to cnU 
mioate in Hums; end it was tha mui; 
source, with I{am»ay's'EFergT«en,'uf III 




Watson 



so 



Watson 



acqumuiUiu-o with tUo oldvr S&ittuli pouts. 
Vrttlxoit dteJ on 2'2 July 1722. In tbt* 
olutuury notico of his widow, then Mrs. 
HKriril, n-lio Jinl un 20 July 1731, \l i* 
fltjitf^d that, hy Watson, her prorinu-t hiia- 
bwad, tho hod a very OMisidersble estate. 

[Pri>raTO 10 the Kcpriot of tho Choice Colla- 
tion. ]8flt) , UwH Mnnii>rial for ihc PiMo So- 
deliea, Pro^iiPB t(>WalBoit'« HinUiry of VrutUa^f: 
PicloKW uid Edmonda'* Si>Uri7 of l>rintlut in 
SMdMid.] T. V. II. 

WATSON, JAMES (1739P47ftO). eo- 
gmver. wu born in Ireland in, or tnoni pro- 
Mblr before, 17-10. ■.ud came v/hm yDuii)^ to 
London, whcrp he is »ti]>po«>rrJ ly have tcwn a 
|)upil i)f Jmjni*« Mtuunlrl! i|. v.) Hi- biTJirao 
on." of the lending raoExntint-cnjmiTerB of his 
time-, and produced tnntiy uict-Uunt pistes 
fnjin |iictiirr]i hy Itryniildit, ()ainHbomit{;h, 
Cotes, Catherine I^sttd. Vun Dyck, Metxu, 
Schnlkcn, KuWns.anrf (Hht»r», ll« i-ngmvfd 
nboiil iiftT porljaitA after Rf-ynolds, iltdod^ 
the fint^st 01 which are those of the UitchcM 
of Ciimhcrlnnil ; the DttchcMofMancIiwtflT, 
with her ioti; Counitw* y]»cnc<.!r and her 
daughter; Itikrhuni, loiintess of foventry: 
Anutf iV-lnviil, Ludv Stunh'<p)?, and NcQr 
(Vilrien. WntsiMi published ftomn of hm 
worl<a hinu>i>lf ut his hiiiiMj in LiitW (Juet>ti 
Anni* Slr»«el, Porllani} Chapid ; bul tim ui«- 
jority were done for Saver, Hoyddl, nnt) 
other prinlspllers. lie sxnihitoil onar''^i"(r' 
with thi> IncorpTirntMl .Hncioty of .\rlirt« 
between 17fl2 luid 177*i, and di'.'d io l-'iixroy 
Strw-I, London, on fO Mnv 1700. 

CinousL Watcos (1701 P -18U). dnotrfi- 
t«r of .Inme* WhIaoii. was bnni in l-nndon 
in 1760 fir l"(il, a-ad Pludi'Ml undtir her 
father. Khe wiirkiMl in thw ulipplti in^hiv! 
with much nkill and refinnmt^nt, and her 
pInU-H nn- numerous. In ITl^-l slie engravwl 
a porfrait nf IVinfi! Willinm of filoncpiNT. 
uftflf HnynohU, and in 178.5 a pair of Hmidl 
plitt»A of the I'ri nccMcs 8ophiu and Mury, 
after Ilopniu'r, which clw dtMliuilud U* the 
qiievn. (1(1(1 was then appointed enfpraTer to 
ht-r innjfffly. Of hvr olhur works, the bi-iit 
are iht- puMMitaofSir Juiohs Ilmritand tliw 
Hon. ^Iri!. Stanhope, butli aft^^^r IteTnold."; 
CHlliiTiii" tl, afliT lt»*«i-lin; no'l William 
Wonlli-t r, tiftfTi i. Smart ; S. Conprr's npnlnl 
[Kirtrnll <if Milton; 'Tbw iTarri.-ip' of -St. 
rntherine.' aft.^r fVimytfio, and tht* plai '-a io 
Hnyltrv's ' Life of lioniney.' For Uoydella 
Shulii-'pt-nre MiM Wntaon cnffrorett tho 
'Heath of Cnnlinid Ikaufort,* afit-r Ui;y- 
&o1t]», and n iiceno from the ' Tetnpe^l,' 
after Wliwilk'jy. She also vxi-cul*--d a sot, of 
aqunlintfl of (hn ' Pnt)rrrH» of Fmiiial') Virlim 
tad Frmalfi T>i6sipatinn,' from deaigiu hy 



Maria Cvaway. Sbn wu much piitn>Dist>d 
bv ihe Uonjau of Bute, aaTeml of whiii-- 
pEctrires she engniTod. She diinl at Piinlico 
on 10 Jiin<^ 1)^14. 

[ RiHtn^Hrii'B Dici.of AitiaCa ; Qrarw'a Diet, 
of AriiBfj. i;6tt-03; J. Chttlon«r Smilha Briti»ll 
M<axotii!U> IVtrCmicti; I<o blaiiE'a Monnol ilo 
1' .Amateur d'RalAuuMM; Qont. 3la({. 16U. i. 700.1 

F. M. O'D. 

WATSON, JAMES (l-66?-1838), 
SpL-ncmn ositAlor. born about 17S6, waa 
[Mohably a Scola^man, and may have been 
tht' pttrson of thnt nuioe Vi'ho in 17.S7 pub- 
liohi-d at Kdiitburgh u ' IJi».si:rtutin Inau^u- 
ralih M>?dic;a iIh Auifuorrhea.' He aftt'rwnrdn 
cam? to London, and wiu^ olTieiaUy dt-Mributl 
in IS17 AJ» SLirijimMi, lati- of ]llooai»biiry,' ^ 
wlicro he lived in TTyde Slreot with hh aon. 
who bore the Nunv natao and ie aiioilarly 
dencribed. Hit innv, however, havf beea 
only a idu^miiit and apoihocmrr, as bv is 
fillwi in liiu i>bitunr>* notioi'; ami in any 
COM ho coiihl have had little pnctioR, as he 
wnain very poor circnmstancws. " rir." Wat- 
mn and hie son James early {.-onnr^ct hI theni- 
wlvijJi with ihf ' k^cietim of Spencean I'hil- 
antbropists' founded in 1^14 by Thomas 
EvuuK, ■ lnc»'Uinkvr, Io carrv c>ii the de- 
i*inn* of Thomas Snence f q. v.*] Tboy hold 
thai privait^ owni-rblup of loail was uiichrit- 
liaii, atiil mlvwatwl ' parochial piirtnersbip.' 
Tlu'v moi. weekly at on.- or oilier of four 
I^jndoii tftTpme, t he chief of which was tlie 
Cock in flrafion Stn-^'t. .Soho. In »pite of 
the alaruiat r«p':)rts "f tti« stecret commitlvea 
of tho two liou8>-s of pai'liampnt id 1817, the 
Speauvuns wun.- ^ i-ry nunulo»i> 04 a body, and 
not oitlv m-ver ha4 proiineinl broiicbet;, bnt, 
V Eruna inM Francia I'lacu (1771 IfWJ 
[i|.v.],at Mi>liinn nmnlji-red more llinii fifty 
peruniR. The peace of 1B15 was followed' 
nyRTi-Hl dirtrpji" iind iIiM-ontonl. amnntr iht* 
Ulmnrin^p'ipuljition, iiml of thiiiHouie of tho 
Spencwino, includinn rhe Watsons (bthwi 
and aou ) and Arthur Tbiit lewno^l f >i. v.], cOO- J 
Miltiicd tbenueWcv i^xponenid. They wew] 
joined by a nan nainivl Castl«, a fiffuro or 
doll makiT.aiid a commiltcu w»a fonned co&- j 
xinting iif ihein«f 1v«H and I wo others, opera- ] 
liTCAtiAmedlV'fitonand Hooper. Thuy net 
indn-ysloitrl'Inre, ti>'«r IVtltrLane. Oaathr, 
ii flftpma highly piobjihie, airted tliroiishout 
as an aifenl pro'-'rotet"' for thi; p)vi'nimi*tit_ 
AccorJing Io his rtory. he jilnick iip an ac- 
qiiainlatKc with the others iit a ?["-ncriiiii 
meelinff in the autumn of l^ltt, and wenti 
about with Wat!<OD p^-I>imnc a revolution 
which was to follow uuI'Iil- meetiuj^ in 8pfl 
Fields. Thisllewoou was lo be Ihe bend, 
oud tlw otItiT Hvn, ^netaLt under bim, Wst> 
aon rba elder bein^ eeoond in command. i 



L 



Watson 



II 



Watson 



Attempta were mode to rouse the discon- 
tented trorkmen, aod espedally the 'navU 
g&tOTE'ia Paddington, and some eSbrta were 
mmde to seduce the soldiers. Watson himself 
prepared combustibles for blowing up the 
caTalry buracks in Portman Square. Two 
hundred and fifty pikes were made. The 
streets were to be barricaded and the Tower 
and the Bank seized. On 10 Nov. 1816 a 
meeting of distressed operatives was held in 
Spa Fields, Islington, at which all the con- 
spirators were present. Henry Hunt [q. v.] 
addressed them. A petition was prepared 
which he was to present to the prince regent, 
and a further meeting was to be called to re- 
ceive the answer to it. It was proposed that 
this should take place after the assembling of 
parliament in the following February ; but 
young Watson opposed this, and it was 
agreed that the second meeting should be 
held on 2 Deo. Placards were printed 
and posted in London summoning workmen 
to attend, and declaring that there were 
'four million in distress.' Hunt's petition 
was not received, and he himself contrived to 
be late for the meeting on 2 Dec. The elder 
Watson' opened the meeting on that day. 
He spoke from a waggon, and concluded, 
' Ever since the Norman conquest kings and 
lords have been deluding you . . . but this 
must last no longer.' Ilis son succeeded in 
a much more violent strain, with allusions 
to African slaves and Wat Tyler and a per- 
sonal attack upon the regent. Finally ex- 
claiming: 'If they will not give us what 
we want, shall we not take it ? ' he seizud | 
a tricolour and called on the people to 
follow him. The mob then went through 
Clerkenwell and Smitbiield to Snow Hill. . 
A gunsmith's shop in Skinner Street was ■ 
plundered, and young Watson wounded 
with a pistol a customer who was in it 
named Piatt. He was arref<tcd, but escaped , 
after having lain concealed for some months 
in a house in Bayham Street belonging to 
bia father's friend, Henry HoU, an actor. 

Meanwhile the mob was met at the lioyal 
Exchange by the lord mayor and a lew 
police, who succeeded in taking their flag . 
from them. Part of them then weut through 
the Minories, where they rifled another gun- 
smith's shop, towards the Tower. Thistle- 
wood and the elder AVatson called to the 
soldiers on guard to surrender. Soon after- 
wards, when a few soldiers showed tliem- i 
selves, thtf people were easily dispersed. The 
same evening Watson and Thistlewood were , 
arrested at Highgate on suspicion of being 
fisotpads. They were armed, and made »ome 
resistance. Next day they were committed 
to the Tower, with Preston and Hooper. A 



plan of the Tower and of the contemplated 
operations was found at Watson's new 
lodgings at Dean Street, Fetter Lane, as well 
88 a list of a ' committee of public safety/ 
which contained the names of Sir Francis 
Burdett, Lord Cochrane, Major Cartwright, 
Hunt, and other radicals. On 29 April 1817 
a true bill was found by the grand jury of 
Middlesex against the prisoners, who were 
charged with high treason. On 17 May they 
were arraigned and assigned counsel. The 
younger Watson was included in the indict- 
I ment, and a reward of 500/. was offered for 
I his apprehension. The trial began on 9 June 
before the court of king's bench, presided 
over by Lord EUenborougb. Watson was 
tried tirst. The proceedings against him 
lasted a whole week. For the crown the 
chief law officers. Sir Samuel Shepherd and 
Sir Robert Gilford (afterwards first Baron 
Gifford) [q. v.], appeared; (Sir) Charles 
Wetherellfq. v.] and Serjeant John Singleton 
Copley (afterwards Lord Lyndhurst) [q. v.] 
defended Watson. Castle the informer was 
easily discredited. Orator Hunt, the chief 
witness for the defence, testified to the com- 
parative moderation of the elder Watson, 
who briefly disclaimed having hnd any in- 
tention whatever against 'the form of go- 
vernment established by king, lords, and 
commons.' In spite of an able reply bj' the 
solicitor-general, and the summing up of 
Ellenborough in favour of the prosecution, 
the jury brought in a verdict of 'not guilty.' 
The prosecution of the remaining prisoners 
I was then dropped. Legal authorities held 
that had Watson and his associiites been in- 
dicted merely for riot, thi^y must have been 
I convicted; but the guvi'mmout, it was 
thought, desired something on which they 
could ground the repressive measures which 
they soon afterwards passed. In Place'ft 
opinion, which nppeiirs to be borne out by 
other con.*ideratiiins, the mob were 'a cou- 
lemptible set of fools and miscreants, whom 
twenty constables could have dispersed.' 
Watson was 'a balf-crnzy creature,' and his 
son ' a wild, profligate f'tllow as crazy as his 
fatlier.' The elder was, he adds, a man of 
loose liabits and wretchedly poor, lie con- 
tinued his life as an agitator (' Memoirs of 
U, P. Ward,' quoted in Walpot.e's Mint, nf 
Eii'jland, ii. 37). He was not personally 
implicated in the Cato Street conspiracy, 
though his son was. Some time afterwards, 
however, he went to .\merica, where he died 
in poor circumstances at New York on 
12 Feb. 1838. 

Samuel Bamford [q- v.], who met him 
soon after the trial, describes Watson jis 
having somewhat of a polish in his gait and 



Watson 



■i 



Watson 



nittiuier, and K c«rt(un rmrn-^ubnity and 
tieatn«^ In liin dn>w. WttUon and his 
frititid I'rwtoi] were in lliimford's opinion 
two of tbo moHl inftuL-ntinl luadi-rs of the* 
IjOndiiii op«Tntiv« reforment of the da.\, 
tbniigh the fint hail u Imttrr he&rl limn 
livad. Tlw vfiiii!'''' Walwiii di«d two v4-«n 
heiciff: IjiH father. 

[Addit.MS, 37801) iptpura i>rFr(i.n(-is PldM-l ; 
Tritvl of James WnUnn, tihen in Shorth&nd ty 
"W, U. Uurnoj-. 2 voU. ]8I7 (r.'prinU«i in Smto 
TriiiJs, 181". pp. 1-0*4); Ftiirburn'« olliiun nf 
tLhi>Trl4 (with portnvii); Shurthiiud Notes by 
H OvnilcoiAi of tliv B»r, piiliLiiihiHl l>y W, Iiavis, 
Clnrkcnirtill (wttli (lortxtiu, IS] ') ; Pintlai'M 
Buljllr* of TrenKin, or 3tiiio TrinU iiiLftPitc. 1617 
(itmiKlcAromiiit in vcTai'J.OotjlMiti'sPdlirimlRiy- 
girtM, 18 0,-t. IHIT; Romilly'. VUry, 'i Dw. 
1810, 17 Juno 1817: CfimpbeirH Lircs uT tbv 
Ohftncellors, viii, IT-HO. aiH Liw? of the Chief 
JiuliMa, i>i. 2'iO-'J ; Wnlpi >I«-'b llitt. of Kitgliind 
from IRIA. new edit. vol. i. ch. t.; Ann. lleg. 
]838. A|jpfiid. to ChroD. pp. 20l>-l ; NutM an.l 
CJnariPB. Jtk atr. x\i. K9. 8th »f>r. i. 3fi. ii. 
iSi ('lie rtfcreac' tn Sjarigts Club Pnpan !> 
illusory); lUmford** I'amii^M in Ihn Life of t, 
Radti-,il, ihI. liiiiDckUy, ii. 3(t-7 ; UadilmrB 
JhlumDirti. ISfll, p. 6».] O. L« 0. N. 

WATSON, .TAMES (17^1-1874). r«di- 
cbI piiWiifhrr, vr«» bom nt Sfnlion, Yrtrkithiri>, 
on 21 Sept. I7yy. His father died wlieTi he 
wo« borely u year «ld. 11 is inolber, ' a 
8uiidiky ttcliool tvQclier,' tniif;bt blui tu ruad 
and writi-. AUmt 1811 «b(- relumed tft 
dumi'slip servicM in tht family of a cIiTfry- 
Tnnii vfhi} had pniil for .lamt-Va «c!iiH>liiig ftir 
n few quarters. 'Hie boy becaitK^ iiinler-gar- 
dener, iitBble-EiE>Ip, and boHst^-*e^vR^t, and 
acqiiire-d a Atron^ to*to for n^adinf; orcr tbi* 
kitchen Bre iu wint^'revt^niiigv. About 1817 
ib(! parMo's haiiHi>boId waft broken ap. arid 
Watswi (icft'inpunifd lii« ttioilii.T to L«edf>, 
where he btH-aun- a Mar^bitiiflemaii- Two 
jt>nr» Inter ho was ctmvnrtL'd lo frwlhouijht 
and mdical iiiRi bv public rv'idiii|{sfnim Cob- 
bett and Kirhanl Ofirlilfi '(\. w] For the 
inwt fi'w years he (oukannclivf part in di*- 
s(>ininarint;ftdvAn(>i'd liroratniy-and in)^ITin|3^ 
up tt aub«c!riplii>ii on b{.'half of Curldi-. The 
Jnlti>r being eontencei] in l-HiJl to thr«re 
years' impmouiciHJiil for blnfp1ii:iiiy, Wuiaon 
■went up to Londun in September 181*L' lo 
Mrvd M^ A voliintp«r a«§i8tanl in bi« Water 
Lane boukahop. In Jnniiiiry 182.1 Carltle'e 
wifo, hsTinif completed her term of iniprieon- 
ment, tonli « nt^w shop at '.">! Strand, 
whither Watson removed, Btill in rhe capa- 
city of BiiU<9niaD. The occwpatioii was a 
jwriloii* one, aiifl, diMpiie all th<-pr«catttions 
taken, Eslesman aftur salesman waa arrested. 
This fall- overtocrk ^^'ataoQ at tbe end of 



February 1 823. He wb« charged wit. 
' malicioufily ' s«Uinj[ a copy of Paltsw'i 
'Principkaof Naiani' to a police af^ot, and, 
having made an eloquent apeech in his own 
defence. n-a> tunt to Coldbnih Fields J>ri*0u 
for o vear. Tla-re be Kod Ilumo, OibboDf 
an^ iloabeim'a ' ICcclesiaAii^l liistory,* and 
waa strongly conlirm*Ml in hit nnti-chriettiut 
nnil republican opinioaa. During 182t> h» 
leameu the art of a eoranasitor, and wta^J 
amuloyvd in printing CnrliU-V ' i!t>]iiib1icaj>,'J^H 
onu for name time in conducting Iii^ bufit-^^^ 
ne«. In itie ial«rvaU of work be snOerwi 
privorion, (ind in I82il wm etniek down by 
cboleni. Upon his recovery he became a 
conTrrt to tlie co^peratirc scb«m» of Ilo> 
berC Owen, atid iu I^!2?J he waj* storekeeper 
of thf ' First Co-operalivu Trading AMOcia- 
tion'in London ni ICcd Lion Stgiinro. In 
1^1 b« H(*t up a« a printer and publUher, 
and next year waa arrested and nsrrowly 
cacapud iutprieonmunt for oivanifiing' a pro- 
ceMion and a fe&tt on tin- day tin- itotern- 
ment bad ordainet] ' a gtinvrul fnf t ' on 
account of tliB ravages of the cholfm. In 
Febniarr 18S3 he n-ae summoned at Row- 
Street for telling Oethering Ion's 'Poor 
Man*« Guardian,' and wo« sent^nccnl to si 
months' imprison ment at ClerkenweU. lii 
championship of the right to free expreesi 
of opinion had won bimadmirvrv.anuono 
lUe<M>,JulinnIItblwrt,Mp(vn hiiidt-uih inJanii- 
an-ltf^l.Iel't him -loU^'Uinea^, with which sum 
'W atnon prompt Iv4tnliirg>>d bin print ii)R plant. 
lie inad<i a hula start by printing the life 
and work)) of Tem Paine, and tbeae volumes 
were follnwi-d by MirotmiKra * Sv-it*m of 
Nature ' and Volney's ' Uuins.' L&ter he 
printed Byron's ' Cain ' and ' Vision of Judg- 
ment,' Hhelley'ii ' (Jueen Slob' and ' Masquo 
of Anarchy,* and Clark on the ' Miraclea of 
Cliri»1.' All theso wvn< printud, vorroclttd* 
folded, and Sf^wed by \\ atnon bimaelf, and 
issued at omt shilling or leMt p«r volume. 
Hi* Khdp n>-jir ItiinliiU Fii'lcU (whvuc-e ho 
removed first to th^ City ItnaH, and in 1S43 
lo 6 Piiul's Alley) was well known to all ths 
leading radical:) of the day. and liw had 
'pleasant and informing words for all w1l9 
sought his wares.' Ho married on tt Jun 
1^14, and two months later waa arrtcUid 
and imprisoned for six months for haTin|ip 
cirt^ulatiid Hetberingtnn's unslampcO papeTi 
tUn ironic^allv enlltU-d ' Conwrvativt?. II4 
had little (?«rlier come under the observ 
tion of tla> government as a Ivudvr in ttia 
areat meeting of trade unions (in April) ia 
favour of the action nf the Dorchester: 
labourer* [ace Waslxt, Titovis]. lie bore 
impriaonment with resignation ; * 1 love pri- 
vacy 'he wrote to his wife. This waa bia 



Watson 



>3 



Watson 



IasI ioiprisoument, though b« coittinti«d 
vriiliniti. uit«nniMioa to iMue books upon 
the froTifmment * Index.' 

in June MUti he yvn* on tlie Mmuittn! 
feppointcd io draw up ilw RRcessarr kills 
etnbodyinf; th« charti't il«>innn'l«. tfiil ha 
inu op]K>si><l to the iinwiih) violence t:xhibiteil 
by the agitators, an«l, on the olh«r hfttiil, to 
tne ondtures tniule to whi^ partisans whom 
be comutmtly d«DOutK«d for th^r wlRsh- 
naM. lie renuiDM constant in d«VDtioii to 
cbuCiat 'principliM ' — ' tbi> charier. t)ie 
whol« charier, and nothing but the chartor' 
— and lie was bitterly advL-nw to ' [icddlinff 
■way the peujd^V birthright for niiv meitA of 
coniUv pottage.' In IHJ8 he wna on" of 
the conveoen of the first public inwf tnt' to 
coflgraitilale the French niioii thf rfvnlutinn 
of tlint yf-ar. In the year previous he had 
(pven hi» adhewncv to the ' I'fflplcft' Tnt«m«- 
naiiunal l^tf^iie' Foundtnl by Mazuni, of 
whom be wtu au admiring (liend and ennv- 
spondenl. 

A rrugnl, M-vrn-, aii'l M'lf-ilAiiyiiiu lirer, a 
thin, ha^arrl, ihonghcful man, with an in- 
tellwtitsl face and n gt^yf y^t ^■•nllt! mnn- 
ncr, WatRon was an nncoramon tT|w of ICng- 
liiih tradestaan. Jle lost con*i(tonib)y ovwr 
his publi-hin^, his obirct hcinjr prn'tirahle 
n'ading for uneducated people rather thau 
neraonu gain. At Ihe aamc timu he enrvA 
for the corre«tne*« and dewnt apponninre of 
hi« bouli*, evun the cheapest. "They were 
hia children, he had none other.* An un- 
elampeil and n^Moliiti'ly frve prvM beoimo 
lh« iirartical filqect of hi« later years. 

About 1^70 an.tii'ly about the hi-nllh of 
bi« wifr, IClnmor I!v«rl(!y, indiiceil a iH^rious 
declini' of his onii powers. He died at 
Burns CollfpB, Hamillnn Itosd, l.uwt^r Xorw 
ivood, on 29 Nov. 1H7-1, and wrj* biirit^d in 
Norwood cemetery, where a grey granite 
obcliA rr^ted by fncni1iiicomRUMBorato«his 
' bra%'e effort* lo aecurw the rights of free 
speech.' Among his comrades in the moit 
actint period of his life wen* Huiirv llvther^ 
iiigton [q.v.], Williatu iyiveli fii-v.^.Thomfts 
li\ aUey [q. tA Thomas HUiigs^ Uuiicombo 
[q. r.', and Mr. Thomas Cooper. 

A photographic portrait is prefixed to the 
appreciative ' Jfemoir ' by AV. J. Linton, 

f Jnmca Wataoii : a Hamolr, l)jr W. J. LiDton. 
pnvatclyprinled, IBSO: l.iaton'vMcimorifs, I9ft8, 
panim; A Itcport of tho Trial "f James Wutsun 
at the ri«rkenwell .SeMiuns IIooiw, 34 April 
IS33 ; WaIU-'» l.ifii gf l-'mneb PI«co, 188B. pp. 
•J72, 291. 365 ; Vi'booUr's Biogr. Dlci. of Fryc- 
tbinkcn, 1889. pp. 331)-1 : Stnntons lUfcriDn 
anil INfunnRtu ; Qmmmnj^'ii Himt. of Chiirtium ; 
HolyoiikVs Uh of R. Crtrlilu, 18*8. aiiJ Siity 
Ywui of as AgiUtlor'a Life. it. 101, 266.] T, ti. 



WATSON, JUIIN (lOiO ir>«i4), hUhop 
ofWinchester, was bom in lo:!0 at Iteng*-, 

worth. W'lLi reenter* bin.', and was educated i 
Oxford, where he gradiuited H.A. in Jui 
1&39, and was dooted fellow of All Soolaf 
in IMO. Me prociwdvfl M.A. on '25 Jana 
1<'>J4, nnd for a time practi.xc^d medicinr, 
ffraiiiinling M-O, at Oxford on y" July LJ7&. 
ilaTing tBKen holy ordt-r*. he hccnme known 
as a reformer under Kdward \ I, and oil 
20 Nov. Ui/>l the council proonrcd bis ftp- 

j pointmeiit to the aeeoud prvWnd in Wiu- 
cheettT Cathedra] {Jtofftl MSS. cxxir. f. 

I 1')^): hv wiLH admitti'd on 14 Dec. (Lu 

I Nkve, iii. iU>. Jle seitma li> havt> rutaine 
his prebend during Stary's rei^, and niitU 
to if in IIJM th« n^lorii-« of Keleliall, Ilert-' 
fordwhire, and Winchfifld, llnnip.thin- ; on 
7 Feb. 1557-H be was cuUati>d to the chaa- 
c^llnrfthip of St. Paul's Cathedral. His reli- 
gious views were obviously of an accommo- 
dating nature, and ho received further 
prefurment when Eliiaboth's depriraliuns 
crmted numeruiis vacancies. On ICt Nov, 
lu^iiJ liv wa» made archdeacon of Surrey, 
and as such aat in tlii? cunvocalion of Itiw; 
ho subscrihud the tircteles of religion passed 
in that aKSt-inbly and voted witli the majo- 
rity ajaitiai the six artictei^ designed to re- 
duTO tlie ritniil of I be church to iliti levtl of 
tlu' ppoiestant communions obrond (SmvrK, 
Attnah, I. i. 488, !W,, r>}-j). l'o«sib]y he 
WHS the John Wiitfon whn was prebendary 
of Lincoln from 1 "ifiO tft lfl74. In lotW bou 
became rt-elor of South Warn borough, Fiantl 
sliirV', and roon afterwards master of ^ht' 
ho!<pitnl of St. Cn>»s, \\'inchestvr. lie was 
appointed dean of Wincbesler in lf>7fl. In 
UjSO he was exct-'utor to ItoWrt Home 
( ir,Ui:-'-lG80) 'a. V.J, hi#l.np of Winchester, 
and succeeded mm u that see, being elected 

' on 20 June, confirmed on lit Sept,, end i-oa- 
secratftd on the 18th, According to Slrype, 
AVatson's reinissneas encouraged the irrowth 
of recusancy in his diocese. lie died on 
I'y Jan. lfi83-4. and was bum-d on 17 Feb. 
in his nathedml. By his will il^mtil. Mt 
9K, f. 49), dated :;3 Oct. LV^S nnd provo 
L>L'Ju!y!.St*l,heleft40^to.-VllSoul*'CoIbR.>. 
and other benefactions to scholars at Oxford 

' and thrixtDrat KvMi>ltaiu. He also left BUtDS 

I t'O his nuTnemud hrothera and ^iotcrii and 
their uliildrvn, and Sir Francis ^^'alsing1lun 
was 'chief overseer' of the will. By liaker, 
fleay, and others Walacrn is credited witli 
the autbor.'thip of 'Absalom,' Strajfedy 
written by lliomas Watson (1513-158J) 
[q. T.], bishop of Lincoln. 

Both bisboiM are confused by StTypo am) 
BuniPt with JoHX W*TS()s(rf, 1&30),mBEter 

I of Christ's College, Cambridge, who wa« 



fiMlliOiltli, n cittx^n 
df LMutoBtUid iHf iMirnii of Willtnin Tyn- 
'i[i^T.1 H*«<u nrlniiii-'d follow of I'eter- 
I'i^ Msy 11)01, mtymI iui prudor in 






UOLjndww muJi; umv«niir proMber in 
an, AfUr tntvillititf in (tiil^- lift WAS on 
M Kar, lAIQ ulmitt^'r n-ruir of KUivarth, 
OtaliUfpUiiT*, hwifffiiiiK liio MIowMhi]) at 
FriMhaoMon fl Dmi. In IAI7 Iwrndiinod 
tt.V., uid WM fltvonl miutnr of (^1inML'« 
Cvlk^, Hr vrrrd ni riee-ehuneeUor tn 
IM<4'10; on 30 Aj'fil lAlRl l)« wa« invti- 
litl^ Tfclur of Ht. liiMry'», MViltiutli (Uek- 
>BWi, .Vftr. tup. p. Slfi), udii OTi IT i^pt. 
(<ltii«rnji[ was o^lialoi) to NorwxH prebend 
in KouiWiill ('ntli'dnil. lie wnx also ft 
ffimii aiul orri-ciHHxliini of Kriuiaiii«, nnd 
rltapUin to lli-nrr V'lll. Havu learned in 
•elylMttn divinity, ■»(! in ia:f9irw one of 
tliM 'livirui* •'■li-i-i<Hlloan«wcrfnrOnititiridire 
I'niv'Taiiv lltfnr}'* ijii"»i'>ii* at>uul liis di- 
riiTi-f. IlK died lH-fitrt< 12 Mav li'i^tlt (Lb 
».! t:, Frufi. p^Kim ; I^ttrr* and l^oju-rt of 
Uenru I'lJl, tolii. i»-T. ; Kvi'mx, l^amiHs, 
p. UA ; OopBU, /llAra« Gik£sA/-. i. 39-40). 

■o art. !I4. nnd Dft2 «rta. 34. 9 1 : 
f. J'M. nnd O-JAL f. SI i Le 
S"*!! ■ i'"'i, 11 jiBJ-djr. [Mnimi BIrjfpii'i Worlw 
(UeiMinil ludcx); UtirnvL'* UinI, of ihsKervrma- 
li-.(i M l'..(*>'k , Wowl'* Alh«n» Otcm. ii. 8'2A ; 
n.i.rx.ii. N -..'1. (I .T.'7; FiilUr'i Worthm; 
Hint. [irv<l Anti<|<iiriii*of Wiiii-h*ai»r. 1773. 1.61; 
Cbmmi'b Liiro* u/ ihr llia)i(j|i9 nf Wi»i;tir«t«r. ii. 
»2-A; II«Dn«My'a Not. lUp tVvt IHtifl. Gm'b 
Kllut>fftlM(iL'Ura7.litl)8; ILtt. DmoLi. 

7tl>;]'lMj''«lt('>tfr.'-')"n<>> '>f ' I'rntna, 

ii. 2«7i Pnetrr'i Alumni (u.. i,„.iul714i 
KotM ■nJ Qurrica, lit vcr. W, \1o.'\ A. t'. P. 

WATSON, JOHN' (l7ar,-irt«J), oati- 
i]ii«r>-, *.m of l>'ffh \V«Hon uf I.rmt' llAnd- 
Ipy in lliB jiariab nf IVi-stbiiry, I'lipitiiiv, by 
tiis vite lu'ilpr, duii^htcr of John Vatos of 
Swrnluii, IiSUCMliiri', wu* l»Tn at Lyinu 
Ilaiidlo)- on as M*ri>h ]7L''*>, and f(lucBtt.-d 
tliu gramninr scliooU uf Ecvli'd. Wiirnn, 

id Manrlu'wliT, ivlifim- hi' ]imci''?d«'rl In 
UrtMno-w' ('olleft!, Oxf'ird. IIb mntriRiiliiod 
on a April 174:;, nnd i^cluat>?d B.A. in 
I74f>, nnd M,A. in I7l«. C)n -27 Jiinr 174(i 
lie wuvlecti'd to u Chpshire fellowship of 
Ilia cr>l)eg>;, itnd iu tliv following UweratMr 
took holy orders nnd entered on llio cunwy 
of lt»n«orn, Chi>ihiri>, but removed three 
motith» aOvrwanla to Ardwieit, Maneheater. 
wht'Tv he wft« n\tn tiHor to lh« wins of 
Sumiii'l lEiivli. from 17-'>0 to ^':'^4 he wt» 
<unitt* of lialifan, Vorknliin-, and in Septem- 
ber of the liiltiT vfiar km presentivl to the 
pvipvliuil curacy of Uippondmt in Ualifftx 





<)n 17 Ab 
to tiu> rectory- of 
wfaiob lie ruurood on S . 



17dOb« wu tndnetcd 
17, Ltncwhwhit^ 

promoted to toe mlonble nctorr of 9tadi- 
port, Choshtre. Tt u believed tnnt he owad 
Uiis preferment to \tviBg 's fiuroe vhig <rf' 



the piut mtam lloadlaian patii-rn.' llt^ was 

ele«t«d l-.S.A. in 17uO, and contribute ns 
papeM on linmui and other anticjuituv to 
* Archii<otogii.' ]Il§ two important 
weni 'Till- Ilivtorr and Antiquitiea 

Parinb of Halifax,^ 177.1, 410, a tectt 

lion of which vu commencMl in 1440 t^ 
F. A. I>}Tland, hut Icit imfiaiahicd; ana 
'Mvmoinof the Ancient Earls of Wamo 
and 8iirr<*v and their ile»ceudani ■,' Wu^ 
rington, 1^82. i valt. 4to. Tha Utter, n 
beautifully printed and tiliutrated book, wmt 
a v»iu ntt»mpt hi proTi? that WotMo'i 
pation. Sir (!«oiyi' Wiinwn, -wo* entitled to 
lliu litfldom of Warenne and Surr^v. 
earlier editions, limited to aiz and fift' 
cnpteA rPKtppcrivtrly, were printod in 
and 1779. lie nlt>o ]jublislti!d four jiom- 
pdlt'ta lietwet'O l7ol aud 17W,oneof th 
criticising the ' aUnrditiiv' of thi- Morav: 
hjmn-bnok. fie made exteniive uiiui u»c. 
coUectiona relating (0 local hletonr, 
Uirly of Chethire, which are Ktill 
and haw hevn found of fjttst tuIup by 
Oftucriid, Karwaknr, nnd nlher iiiuiquaries. 
Gilbert. WakeSeld, who woa Wati>iin'»cuTat« 
8l Stuckp-irl and taarriL>d bis nieco, dniicriba 
him oa one of the httnli,vt xtudents he e 
know, and a tuo&l agrvrahle raan^ 'by 
mean* dextitiitv of poetical fausy, 
written some good snnir!>, and urns 
nf n most copious collection of bont m 
faceliotu atoriM, &e. copied out vith an* 
commoa accuracy and neaUtcsa.* In the 
' I'aiatint'Xoto-l>ook'('-^*)««n»ODOiintof 
■ vi«it paid to Watson in 1760 by Tbi 



Kl to 

17^^ 





Barritt [q. v-1 
ll«died 



at Stockport on 1 4 Jtorch 1 76 
Qc wax twice married : fintl,tin 1 Jimv IToj 
to Susanna, diu^bter of Samuel Allon, vie 
of SaiKlbiurh,Cfni*hire; secondly, on 11 Ji 
17(1]. to .\iin, duugbter of,Jnme« Jaenuesi 
Lrcd», He Ifft one son by the first wifo, 
a son and <lflufchtl^r br the second. ^ 

(jond port raits of Watnon uo giren in bit 
' rialifai ■ and ' Warren and Surrey.' Tlw 
latter i» niimKluced in Eanrakera 
Oheriiirc.' 

[Wutaon'H linlifax. p. &23 ; Stnith'a Hanoha 
tor School Rwiat«r (Cbellutm Soq.), 1.12; 
•rokcr'a Saat Choshirr. i. 3»; : J. G. Xichola 
the Herald and Uenealogiat, 1871 ; ChAlm* 
iJioRT. DicL xxxi. 230 ; HoginbotJiani's 
port : WakeBolds Momuin, 180t. t. IA9.) 

c. w. s. 



Watson 



15 



Watson 



WATSON, JOHN DAWSON (1832- 
1803), artist, bom at Sedbe^h, Yorkahire, 
<m 20 May 1832, was the son of DawBon 
Wataon, solicitor, and grandson of Jolm 
"Watson of Berwick Hall, Lancashire. He 
iFaa educated at Sedbergh grammar school 
under the Rev. John Harrison Evans. Hie 
Artistic talent was manifested in early life, 
and he left Sedbergh in 1847, at the age of 
fifteen, in order to oecome a student at the 
Manchester School of Art. In 1851 he 
went to London and pursued his studies 
under A. D. Cooper and at the Ro^al Aca^ 
4emy, returning to Manchester in 1852. 
His first exhibited work was the ' Wounded 
Cavalier,' shown at Manchester Royal Insti- 
Cutionin I80I. His 'Painter's Studio,' con- 
taining portraits of himself and Mr. Cooper 
and family, was painted in 1852. In 1856 
some of his figure subjects were purchased 
by John Miller of Liverpool, and attracted 
the attention of Ford Madox Itrown, who in- 
vited him to exhibit at his house in Loudon. 
He joined the Letherbrow Club at Manches- 
ter in 1857, and between that time and the 
end of 1869 contributed twelve papers and 
many delightful pen-and-ink drawings to the 
manuacript volumes of the club. One of these 
volumes being shown to Itoutledge, the pub- 
lisher, led to Watson being asked to make 
a series of drawings for illustrations to Bun- 
yan's * Pilgrim's Progress.' He then, in 
1B60, settl^ in London, and the book was 
brought oat at the end of the same year and 
was a great success. It was followed by 
illustrations to ' Robinson Crusoe,' 'Arabian 
Nights,' and many other bonks as well as 
periodicals (cf. Gleeson White, Enr/luh 
IUuttraii<m : the Sixties, 1897). 

Watson was elected an associate of the 
Society of Painters in M'atercolours in 1S64, 
and a member in 1869. In 1865 he removed 
to Milford in Surrey, near his brother-in-law, 
Birket Foster, for whose house he designed 
the furniture and decorations. His picture 
'The Poisoned Cup' was painted in 1866, 
and gained the medal at the Vienna Exhi- 
bition in 1873. In 1867 his painting of ' The 
Parting ' gained the Hey wood prize at Man- 
chester. It is engraved in the ' Art Jour- 
nal,' 1876. An sSmirable etching, his first 
Attempt in this art, was published in the 
' PortibUo,' 1873. 

In April 1871 he got up an amateur per- 
formance of ' Twelfth Night ' at Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne, in aid of a fund for the sufferers 
by the war in France. For this he designed 
And cnt out fifty dresses, and himself acted 
the part of the clown. In the following 
year be made aix^-five watercolour draw- 
ings of dresses for Charles Calvert's produc- 



tion of ' Henry V ' at the Prince's Theatre, 
Manchester. 

In 1873 he painted ' A Stolen Marriage,' 
that afterwaros gained the prixe of 100/. at 
the Westminster Aquarium. He was elected 
a member of the Royal Watercolour Society 
of Belgium in 1876, and sent three pictures 
to their exhibition in 1877. In the latter 
year a collection of his works, 158 in num- 
ber, was shown at the Brasenose Club, Man- 
chester, and he was entertained by the club 
at a complimentary dinner. 

Between 1859 and 1892 he contributed 
372 works to London exhibitions. Henry 
Boddington of Manchester possesses a large 
collection of his works. 

His last years were spent at Conway, 
North A\'ales, where he died on 3 Jan. 1892, 
and was buried in Conway cemetery. He 
married, at Giggleswick, on 22 Nov, 18.58, 
his cousin, Jane Dawson Edmondson, daugh- 
ter of Christopher Dawson, solicitor, of Settle, 
Yorkshire, and left two daughters and a son. 

[CatalogQe of Exhibition at the Brasenose 
Club, Manchester, 1877, with portrait; Memoir 
by W, E. A, Axon id Papers of the MancheHler 
Literary Club, 1892; Magazine of Art, 1892, 
p. 179 (portniit) ; Graves's Diet, of Artisls ; 
Uritish Museum Cutalogue; Letherbrow Club 
Papers (manuscript), vols, iv-vi., kindly lent 
' by Mr. Thomas Letherbrow; Diirbyshirii'M Archi- 
tect's Experiences, 1897, p. 236.] C. W, S. 

WATSON, JOHN FORBES(1827-1892), 
physician and writer on India, born in Scot- 
land in 1827, was the son of an Aberdeen- 
shire farmer. He was educated at the uni- 
versity of Aberdeen, where he graduated 
M.A. in March 1847, and M.U, on 5 Aug. 
1847. After completing hia medical studies 
at Guy's Hospital, London, and at Paris, 
ht> was appointed assistant surgeon in the 
Bombay army medical service in August 
1850. He sened with the artillery at Ah- 
raednuggur and with the Scinde horse at 
Khangur, now Jacobadad, nnd wus ufter- 
wards appointed assistant surgeon to the 
Jamsetjee Hospital and lecturer on physio- 
logy at the Grant Medical College, whure for 
a time he also acted as professor of medicine 
and lecturer on clinical medicine. Return- 
ing to England on sick leave in 1853, he 
si>L>iit some time at the School of Mines in 
Jermyn Street, and in investigating the 
sanitary application of charcoal, on which he 
published a pamphlet in 1855. He was then 
appointed by the court of directors to con- 
duct an investigation into the nutritive value 

I of the food grains of India, the result of 
which formed the basis of public dietaries in 
India. In 1858 he was nominated by the 

I secretary of state reporter on the products of 



Id4U viA diriTfnr of the Iiwlia MoMam, m^ 
pabl—li wbicb ba Iwld till (he iruulW- 
cttM to Scnitb KandflKton of tbe India Mu- 
•HUB «t iIm «nd of 1870. 

Id coniiMtloa with hit (Ifptrtroenl bv mU- 
tdklwd * pboCofr«|tliie bnneh, in which 
nuDHfou* illiuiroiion* w«tb t^SHMitpil ilv- 
|)irtitij{ ludiaii lift! and *crju>ry, utd luye 
naiw if th* conniry in rclifff. Tlwy ■wvn 
umhI to illiutrair mil nnlv lii* mrn work*, 
tmi alM) tbo«e nf ni her t!iiiini*iit writKn. In 
1*^4 \\)it*on iiiltmiltwl t'l ttorprnmHiit ■ 
popo«l for lh« HUbliihmoiil of »n Iniliui 
■liwUBUtlUbni7,Iofr»tli«r Mini li Kit Indian 
hiMtlnia in a central (Hiaifion, wh>'r« mmli- 
datM for llui civil •nn-ico might |titn>ue 
orimtal ■tiiduM. Hi* ulra for nci Itnperia) 
niutfum for India and llir- ml'iriivN was Hiip- 
porlxl hy tlw Jtoval (.''ilonial lriNtiliil>-. and 
II amiiIm] mtl«rianv in lhr< Haint.H'.liinpiit 
of ibu (niwrial Inalituti] at S'juili KunxiRg- 
ton. Ha NniWMnt»d [ndia at ihft interna- 
linnal vxhiiiiliniM Imlfl nt London in 1962, 
al J'arii in InriT.andat Viriina in 1H7.'{, and 
at llin Htxitti KonainKlun anntial nliibitionn 
fr'^nt IN7U lu IHTi. Itu rvliti.'d fruiu the 
India OHlpoin iHHtJ.aMd di"d at rjiiwrN'tr- 
ytimnl r.n '.11 July 1«1I2. H" wa« (di-rt'-d a 
fi'llfiH iiftlit' Iiitmmn Horii'ty in I'^flO, 

WaUmi wu (hii niilhiirof': 1. ' The Titi- 
lilo Mnniifartiirfi and tbn PMtnm<<f of tho 
I'i.-iiil.-')riadin;ix.mloa.lHHtI.fol. 2. ' Iiideit 
(it lUi- Nnliviiaiid Hflii'titiHi' Nannvvof Imliun 
and iithirr KaiidTn h^monilr I*liuitH nnil Pro- 
ilurif,' I^Ki'l'm, lH*lM,H»o. a. ' Inli'TiintionsI 
Kitiitiiii'in'/I^iidoii, tKr:t,Hv<i. HonKidrvnr 
up cotati»iii»* for llii> Indiiin ilnpnrlmftit* nl 
Mvial of ilio inli'maiionni r^liiltitiono. mid 
Willi .l'>lin Williiim Kayi* rvlifd Mimdon's 
Tuvlor'ii ' IVxitdc uf India,' Ijondaii, 18U6- 
UU, *ol». 4io. 

fJoiinial ')f (liHi Noe.or ArL>, 13 AuR. 1892; 
M'li iiii'l W'lmrii iif iKo Tim*. tSffI ; AHibunD'i 
Ificl. of Kngllilil.it.) K. I. C. 

WAT80N, JOHN rtKl.BV <180l-18&4), 
ttiithor and innnler»>r, baptivnd nt Crnyford 
cliiirch on ilO Ih-c. 181*1. is atatt-d lo htvf 
Ih'i-m (hu HOii (if Liiiii1)lu |inn.-iitn in Hcollnnd. 
Mm waa ivliidaNil nt llrxt bv )il» gnugdfallier, 
Atul then nt Trinitv <'"lli'>[i', I>ii!]|in, wIipto 
liK (rrail'inl'-d II, A- m 1 WJf*, Winn i>rn' of ibu 
iTolil niiNlalliata in rlaMira, and jir'tcocilcd 
M.A. in lftl4. On 30 Matvh 18.11 ho nA.>) 
a<]niiMnl ad etauifm at Hvforx). No iras 
tirdmu'sl dvocon in 1830 by tb« btahop of 
I'Uv, aiid nriMt itL IH40 bv th« biahop of 
lla'th and Wi-lli, an>) fn^m 1839 to 1841 ba 
•ttrvml tbx L'lirni^y of t>anffport in Som^net. 

Walwin coiitiimod liriirUiMicaL«iadiu.anil 
through lifo dovoled hi* Iviautv to literary 






panmU. FromldUbaluUtbcpoBt 

j msAer of tbe fraprietatr gnamBr aehool 
StocWvll. I aoborb of undao* raonTinx a 
'fixed aaUiyofaOOif. pcruiniun, uiilaca|ii- 
' tation fee when the acboiar* ciCMdid n eer- 
t«in nnmber. Tlie Bcbool wvb for aoiiw nan 
proappToias, but a wrioiia dt<cUoe ia iu 
poputarily indueed tbe gorertmni to removv 
liiin frvm iti masBdvnwnt it Chmtmaa I 
Il« lived Irom imS at S» St. Mart 
ICoad, Slockwull, and there, iu a fit of pa«* 
Dion, b>^ kilini liin wifv on H ftct. IS71, Sbe 
WEA an Irialiwnman namod Anne Am- 
ftnMifT.towhoin he was married at St. Marit's 
rhnrch, Dublin, in Jamtarr l84-'i. ThrM 
days after the mard«r he aitmipted to 
commit auicidi' by laliiiu pniaaic arid. " 
was trird for murder anu found guilijr, 
r«coiDOieiided to mercy, and tbv wvuu 
waa conmuted to penal efiritude for 
A volume of iMyrliolagical otitdivs oo 
married life was nuhtiahMl at Berlin in i§7 
one of bin remarliif nt B'lw Sin.>et wa& * t» 
oUm apmper debere norult doliitori/ 
Lowp (anerwanls Ix>rd Sherbrookt'') divid 
the cabinet on the f^uMtic^u wlu-ttier I 
waa ^ood or bad Latin (FaiRnti.r. Sat 
Iti-amtr^ll.y. 41 >. Wataon died at Parhhu 

K~»on in tbi' ImIc of Wight on <3 July 1 
■ waa buried in Cariabrooke c^-mi-tfry. 

Walson |iiibLi)tbud anuotatud edition;) of 
th«i ' t'roiuvtlieiis Vinctus' of .KBchyltta, 
8alliiftt'fl 'Catiline' and'Juginirtha;' and hi* 
odiiibuKorrupe'sreuderiD^Dftbe 'Iliad 'and 
'{ldyM«?y,' wjtii notm, a(ip<>aTvd in Bolin's 
' [lluEtrutud Library." Several volnrar") of 
TraiiKlnti'iiiM by liiin, romprphfiiding t:^|lu»t. 
Lucri'tiiin, Xt>miphon,(juinctilian, CnmeliuD 
Ni'lvM, Vflleius PHtercuImi. and PUIe of 
C»(v>^^ wt-rc iiifliidcd in Bobn'a 'Claatiml 
Librarj-.' His lerBion of XyiiophoiiV * Aoa- 
Haiia' and ' ^Icmorabilta'of Socralf^ ia No.7i^ 
of Si r J olin Lubbock's ' hundred books.' Hi« 
original works coi9pn*i-d: 1. 'npolofry: a 
Pown in Sevi-n Books,' Ig*4. i. * Life of 
George Fox,' l«Kl. a. ' Lif,- of Richard I'or- 
aon,' 1861. 4. 'Sir William Wallace, the 
Wc-otlifch Hero,' IWtl . 5. ' Sons of Strcntftb, 
Wisdom, nnd Pnlirnce: .'>Ainson, .Solomon, 
Job.' 1801 . 6. • Life of Bishop Warburton/ 
1SB8. 7. 'ReaariDing Power in AnimalaJ 
1^7. 8. ■ Biof[niphi«i> of John Wtlkee and 
Williaii] Cobben; 1870. 

In October 1871 Watson had ready for 
Ibu press several work«, including a complete 
history of thu pope* to the iTeformation, 
whtcb would have H\hd two octavo volumes. 
The BoIe work of his own cotnpo^tir ion wfaich 
ia known to havf> bronjibt him any profit 
was the memoir of Wartiurton, from which 
bv derived something undtr JM. 



Watson 



17 



Watson 



[Hen of the Timo, 7th ed. 1868; Fost«r'i 
Ainmni Oxon. ; Timoa, It, 12, snd 13 Jan. 1872, 
11 July, 20, 26 Oct. 2, 16 Nov. 1884.1 

W. P. C. 

■WATSON, JOSEPH (1765?-18i'9), 
teacher of the deaf and dumb, bom iu 1765 or 
at the end of 1764, was educated at Hackney 
in the school of Thomau Hraidwood [q. v.l 
Under the influence of his master he resolvea 
in 1784 'to embrace the instruction of the 
-deaf and dumb as a profession.' On the 
foundation of the asylum for the deaf and 
dumb in Kent Road, through the efforts of 
John Townsend [q. v.], \\'atson assisted by 
counsel and advice, and on its completion 
'was appointed headmaster. He continued 
in this ofHce for the remainder of his life, 
rendering important services by his personal 
instruction and by bis writings on the sub- 
ject. The well-known Frencn teacher the 
ftbb6 Sicard was much interested in his me- 
thods, and for some time corresponded with 
him concerning the management of the Kent 
Itoad asylum. His system was founded 
on timt of Thomas Braidwood, witli some 
developments and improvements. He died 
at the asylum on 23 Nov. 18i?9, and was 
buried at Bermondsey. He was the author 
of: 1. ' Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb ; 
or a View of the Means by which they 
may be Taught to Speak and Undorstand 
a. Language,' London, 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. 
2. 'A First Heading Book for Duaf and 
Dumb Children,' London, 18i'6,12mo. 3. 'A 
Selection of Verbs and Adjectives, with 
some other Parts of Speech,' London, 1826, 
12mo. 

His son, Alexander Watson (181.5?- 
1866), bom in 1815 or the beginning of 1816, 
-wa.^ educated at Corpus Ohristi College, Cam- 
bridge, graduating B. A. in 1837 and AI. A. in 
1840. Proceeding to Durham University,be 
passed as a licentiate of theology. He was 
ordained aa curate of St Andrew's, Ancoata, 
Manchester ; in 1840 he took charge of St. 
John's, Cheltenham, where he established ex- 
cellentschooIsiandinl8."il became vicar of St. 
ilary Church-with-Co Hi n swell, Devonshire. 
Kemoving to the rectory of Bridestow and 
Sourton in 1856, he borrowed money which 
led to the sequestration of the living and to 
his quitting it at the end of two years for 
the incumbency of Bedford Chapel, Blooms- 
bury, London. Being involved in a chancery 
suit concerning the chapel, he became in- 
solvent. During 1863-4 he assisted John 
Charles Chambers at St. Marv's, Soho, and 
in 1864 took charge of Middleton-ou-the- 
Wolds, near Beverley. He died at Middleton 
on 1 Feb. 1865. 

His writings are numerous, but of ephe- 

VOL. LX. 



meral interest. The most important are: 
1. 'Sermons on Doctrine, Discipline, and 
Practice,' London, 1843, 8vo. 2. ' The De- 
vout Churchman, or Daily Meditations,' Lon- 
don, 1847, 2 vols. 12mo. Watson also took 
part in editing 'Practical Sermons by Digni- 
taries and other Clergymen of the United 
Church of England and Ireland,' 1846-0, 
8 vols., and was sole editor of ' Sermons for 
Sundays, Festivals, and Fasts,' Ist eer.^ 
London, 184.% 1 vol. 8vo; 2nd ser. 1846, 
3 vols. ; 3rd ser. 1847, 1 vol. (Gent. Mafj. 
1865,1.518; Gjwrdtan, 15 Feb. 1865). 

[Gent. Mag. 1822 i. 305, 1830 i. 183; Pantheon 
of the Ago, 1828.] E. I. C. 

WATSON, JOSHUA (1771-18.W)), phil- 
anthropist, was bom on Tower Hill in the 
city ot London on Ascension day, 9 May 
1771. His forefathers were of the hardy 
and independent race of northern "states- 
men;' but his fatliiT, John Watson, had 
come on foot from Cumberland to London 
in early youth to try his fortunes, and esta- 
blished himself successfully as a wine mer- 
chant on Tower Hill. His mother, Dorothy, 
bom Robson, cousin to the artist, George 
Fennel Kobson [q. v.l, was also a native of 
the north of England. John and Dorothy 
Watson had two sons — John James (1767- 
1839), who was afterwards rector of Hack- 
ney for forty years and archdeacon of St, 
Albnns ; and Joshua, who followed his father's 
business. The two brothers were throughout 
life linked together by the closest ties. At 
ten years of age Joshua was placed under 
the tuition of Mr. Crawford at Newington 
Butts, and at the age of thirteen was sent 
to a commercial school kept by Mr. Eaton 
in the city. In 1786 he was taken into bis 
father's counting-house, which was at that 
time removed from Tower Hill to Mincing 
Lane ; and in 1792, when be came of age, 
was admitted a partner. In 1 797 ho married 
Mary, the daughter of Thomas Sikes, a banker 
in Mansion House Street. Her uncte, Charles 
Daubeny [q. v.] (afterwards archdeacon of 
Salisbury), and her brother, Thomas Sikes, 
vicar of Guilsborough, who had been at Ox- 
ford with Joshua's elder brot her, were among 
the leading churchmen of the day; and 
JoRhua from his early years was brought into 
contact with other members of the high- 
church party, of which he afterwards became 
the virtual leader. Among bis early friends 
and advisers were William Stevens [q.v.], the 
disciple and biographer of William Jones of 
Nayland [a, v.], and founder of the club of 
' Nobody's Friends,' of which Joshua Watson 
was an original member ; Jonathan Boucher 
[q. v.], who became in 1785 vicar of Epsom, 





"Watson 



30 



A\*atson 



. 



iKiltd of nnlnnnco a ]iUo uf Port Rojal with 
its fnKificiitiiiiu, nnd hiinseir returned to 
England in t)ip iiutiimn of 1744. Il<> «iu( 
promoted to Ix! (■a|)iniii-licnU'nttm in Harri- 
son*! foot on 'Ji Dm?. ITi't. 

On 30 April 1746 Watson joined tlie eon- 
joint irxpvdiiioii tiud«r Adiuirkl Htchard L«- 
iflock lI-v.j and Lieutenant -gL-nersl St. CUir 
for Xurtb Amcri<.*a. Its doBtinstioo, how- 
v\t>T, \rtut cluinged for the ooajit of DriUanjr. 
and he took part in 1 li<! s'lep} of i'ort L'Urient 
from 2(1 to 'J7 S«pl., and iho attack on 
(juilx'ron and capiuru of forti lloiiat and 
llvvdie, afccr which Im rsturaed to Eik|;latid 
witli ttiti ct]xrditiuii. IIl- trna promoivd on 
2 Jan. 17 !'> !«> bu tiub-director of enrtneera, 
and appointed diinl'oni'iiiei.T in tli<- Modn'ay 
division, whicti includol (tmri'M-nd and 
'lllbury, S!iei>rin>ns, llarwicb, and Land- 
^lard forta. Tht-nj ia a ]]]an in th« war 
ollioi' drawn hv WatMoii, dutnl I7!>'.i, lihow- 
injf th*) (.'lilTniid town of Harwich and iJif 
i'ncri>acljini'i)t9 uf tlie msk sincv 171At; and 
aunihuf, dnti-d I'M, of n pmnoAcd breah- 
wsltirai Harwich ClilTi aUo a plan of Sbver- 
neaa and i(» viciuily, indicatinj^ tlte botiti' 
dariiM of pttblii; laodV 

On 17 Vice. 1754 Wat-eon was promoted 
to ho dinictor of iti{pnt^«», and wn» K«ni tn 
Aniut{>oliH Iluval as chief en((in^^r »f Nova 
Seotia and of i\io ai-ii U'ltucnts in Newfound- 
land. HiJi Ma^r ill North America at 
this timi* woa short, aa b*.' was i>]>foialljr 
iwlreted fur ecrvicu on the wvm coast uf 
Africa, wh<Ti' bv arri^rd bi'fi>n' IK-ci-mlx-r 
ITM. An addrusa :o tU« kinjr had be«n 
carried in Ihf* lloiut^ of t'onnm^n* im the 
defenreless etate of the Itriti^li posseiuiions 
on the woat (Mn«t of Africa, and AVatwn 
Tititvd the military iitntionji along lhr> fSnld 
Coant at Wliydah, JaiD4^«'s Island, Accra, 
PrnmnraTn, TantiimquiTry, Winnoliab, An- 
naninUM*, :5econtii->.% Uixcove, an<l Cape Coast 
Castle. He n>tumcd to England in the 
Bunuoer of 1750, when bin rvport* and plans 
wt>T« approved and tlie llou^e of Common* 
rotpd money to carry uul htjs pronis->]a. 

In Uctober ami NovKmlHT 17oii Watson 
examined Kye harbour and reported un the 
meafiures necessary to improve it ; and to- 
wards ih« ond of ihn year apsin sailed for 
Annapolis Uoyal to r>^ume bis appointment 
as chx-f ctij^nccr in Nora .Scotia and N«w- 
foundtsnd. On H May 1757 he was com- 
miuioned, on th<.* rror^aniMlion of the en- i 
gineets, as li«(iteiifint-c<tl<int-l of royal ttngi- ' 
ae«ni. He dieii suddenly in the summer of | 
1757 from thu odt-cts of poison admiiiislerpd 
in hi* ci)ir«-, it was believed, by a black 
ftimale ^rvant. 

Wat»on*s widow, Siisan, was granted s 



pension of 40/. a year from 1 Jan. 17SS ia 
considemtion of her biubuid's aervioas. 

[War Offie* Raeords; Boyal £iifinaet» B*- 
(vra«: Kane's List of OlSerts or the Royal 
Arlillsrv : rarler'a IliatDry of ibe t'orji* wf 
UdTbI tngioMffi; ConnoUy Papers ; Gi)nt..tlag. 
i;U; Cusl's Aunalsof the Wars] K, U, V. 

WATSON. Sir LEWIS, first lUitov 

, Roi'KiKOUAM tl5!M~LtVAl). bapti»i-d in 

< Hnckiiigbaui church on 14 July I.jM, waa 

j the elder son of Sir Ednard Watson (<f. 

I lMan:hl»I&.lf;).byl>i-w>feAiiii<-(./. imi), 

daiifrlit^r of Kenelin Digby of Stoke Dry, 

Kutlaud. The family of Wstsoii was iiiiA 

t'4tablislM>d in Itockingltam CmiU' attouL 

1584, under Kdward Wat^n («/. 1.1el4), 

l.ewis's grandfather, Ijewis mat riculated 

from MagdaU-ii ColU>^, U&ford, on 'J\ May 

I5!H), and in ltX)l wuh entered as a sttideitt 

at the Middle Temple. On 19 Aug. [00$ 

he wan knighted bv Jame* I. He wiu at 

that time a constant attendant at court, 

wlKTe he formwl a f>»t fri^'nilBhip with 

I Clcor^" \'illi<Ta taftrrwardn Duke of Iluck- 

ingham ), and 6ome years later bwaine his 

. »ec(irity for a lar^ sum of money. On 

19tj*'pi. liJIl b« r«c«iTed lioense to tmvvl 

^I.Cal. Statt Vaprr*, Dom. HilU18. p. 7o). 

In ltVl4 he was returned to juirliament fur 

Lincoln, a lioroiigh for which he also sat in 

the parUamcnta eiunmoned in 1621 and IdS-l, 

On 21 July 1619 be reiTii'<>d Kockingbaat 

Catftlc in fre siiuple. having previously hdd 

it on knight's service. On 'I'd June \iii\ he 

was ctmIcmI a bantmit, and on Mi Keb. 

llt:!7-8 was included amoo^ those to whom 

an order of the T^nvy council wa« aiMn-^Kii^d. 

dirMrting tbem to prepare commiwionfl of 

nmniul law and of oyer and tsnninw for 

iho countr of Northampton (lA. 1637^ 

p. :>ti7). ia^ l<;3i>-3 he tiUed tlie ofGc« of 

sheriff of Northamptonshire; in IKU he 

obtained the ma^lorvhip of the royal buck- 

hounds; and in lliUb he became verdeirer of 

ttockiiiTfaam and Brisetodi. 

On lh« ontbrsak oflhe civil war Sir Lewis 
fiided with the kins, though his zeal does 
not seem to haT<> been v^ry ardent, as bt 
was tiummonn) before thi^ council by a 
warrant dated 11 Sepl.ltiMO as a d«lin<iuent 
for failiufr ' to show a horse ' at the muster 
at Huntmgdoa (t&. ItiJO p. 010, ItUO 1 
pp. 4o, tio). Oefore Uockiusliam Castb; could 
tve«ive a royal nrrison. it w%» tKuxA, on 
19 March 1612-3 by Thomas Urey. baron 
Groy of Qroby [q. v.], who placvd in it 
a parliamenlsry fi>rc4-. In May ItU.l 8ir 
)>'wie himself was arre^tixl by the royalist 
colonel Henry Uastinos (afterward* Lord 
IxHighboroDgh) fq. v.j on tlie charae of 
neglecting to bcdd Hockingham for the King, 



I 



i 
4 




Watson 



31 



\Vatson 



I 



II. 

* -K 
IT 
U 

^, da 



luid wu inpriMmed in BuIvoirCiwtleL He 
cimrvd ItimMlT with Cluirlps, and took op 
hta r«»idffiurfl at Oxford. On "Jfl Jnn. )(144— i 
ho waii crt-'atfxl Ilaron Kockinghnra of Knclc- 
ingiiam. Attt-r Ih.- minvndir of Oxfonl lie 
ComiKiunded for lii* d-'liiwiui-nor for rtSMOl. 
{(.'<fl. "/ Pmr. of C'lmmit tr^ /'.<>■ ('iiini'"ii»ii- 
inj/. ]>li. 1-13-^ 7), IIo cli«(louo Jftn. Ilio^ 3, 
nndwaaliiirii'dinliockingliaineljiircli. Ituck- 
ingham ■wa* twico married: first, in IGOO, 
to ("*lJnTiiii;, dnuKtilur of IVrwgriiie BiTtw, 
lord \\"illoughb_v dn Krtrjibi- [<|. v.l Shi* di«d 
in cliildlH"d on'lSFeb. lOlO. lie married, 
•ecoiidly. ou 3 Oct. Ifil'O, UU-anor. dnufihter 
of Sir fitv>rf(^ Mann<>r« of lladdon Hall. 
nBrbvsliirf. Slie diM on liSOet. ]fi;y, and 
HTU buried at Kookirit'liam on 11 N'jv. By 
tirrlufliiid one surviving son, I'^dwurd, »4!C4nd 
baron l'»>ckin^liiim, and nix daiighlt-»>. The 
»ecoud baroiiV third »on, Thomas, wa* ^nd- 
fatli(rrorC'barle»Wiit*Oo-Wi-nIiv«rth,>((H;ond 
manjuia of Kockiu^ham [ij. r.j 

rWJM'ei Rockingham Cutle ivni! the WntS!Mi», 
IMl; G. a C[..ka3-nay. I'(wrfi8».] 

K. I. C. 

WATSON. >ll'S«llAVt: LKWTII- 

WAITK (]8l>i-lKl->, sculptor, was boFD at 

Ilawksdale Hall tit tlii' valli-y of the Caldew, 

oearCarltste, on 11 Juii. I^OJ. M\» fntiicr, 

TllOmU WaUon. « imall unlive landowner 

to the ssme valley, made monfy in the 

Wiwt Indies, and on Iiia iiiarrMi|:v, 'I Ajiril 

1796, with Slnrr, daughter of .Muti^nre 

Lewthwa«e of CiirliaJe, «i'ttled at UawIiB- 

dal« u a farmer. Mtusrare u-iu their M-cond 

(ID. llu was L-ducated at ihe school fit the 

eiffhltoiirtn)^ lilhign of Houghton Head. 

M' hik' at »hool he ran-ed wootl and enj^raritl 

on mclal, making, it m said, his owii tools. 

"Itt developed a keen de^iro ti follow art as 

pnifeiwion. Rut hia parents in.titted on 

lieling him in I.^SI to Sfnjor Mounsty, a 

licilor of Carlisle. Kortiumndy hi* mu»1«rt 

'hohatl the only poodcoUetlion of pictiin-* 

I Carlisle, g^v; him cvtTV encouragvment 

istndyart. llisillu<«lrati(ini«io» wm-ih liy« 

local writer. KoIktI Anderson^q. v. |, brought 

lim into n<t1i<!e, and hr ijiurklr nlliiined con- 

kidL-ruble nkill no o drau^ht.'.man. flii the 

L-alhof hi'fnthfron '2s Dec, 1 ■*:;3 he adopted 

,e profe^ion of a .wulptor, nnd wrnt to Lon- 

un. TheTt< he made the aetiiiainiaiiou of 

xman, who ro*ommend>r'l Lnu to enter 

oachoolsof tbelloyal AiMdi.-my. Hewnt 

ta ft 11111*11 model of an Italian Hbuphxriliv)! 

and wu imiDediAloly udmitlod. lie wan 

a sltort time articled to l!oh<Tt William 

lievier [q.T.], but, on the advice of Flaxman, 

p went abroad to study in It aly. There he 

ved among the French andliennan Miidcnt.* 

Uume. ilio rvnatile t«Ivat^h« WM able 




to etch, carve, deaign iar cameos, or pnxluca 
wftturcoloiirdmwinirs— eoAilyeoahlfJ him to 
mt*Al. hiH very oli^ht nxpetiniM. Il« afle^ 
vrarda riml^d Naple.iand Pompeii, returning 
to London in l-^JM. lie rvviflited Carlisle, 
wht're he excciit«-(l a bust of the nuiiirflliH 
J<ilio ileyshum [^'|.v.J, ahown at the Carlisle 
Exhibition in IsiiP, and hu wo« also renre- 
seiin-il iht-re by thrwdkvtchwin wntercolouc 
and oil of ^cenea from Anderson's ' Cumber- 
laud ilallitd^,' a btui of Major Hodgson, 4tld 
a 1 welve-inch ti^iire of Clytit? in marble, a 
cnmmisaian from liis friend O. U. Mounsoy. 
!Iv swCtitid down in London, and for a timo 
had a amnll Rliidii) near the Hntiiih Mit- 
M-um, where be produced somt< highly poeti- 
cal work*. 

About 1833 (Sir) I-'rancU Le^tt Chau- 
trey [q. r.J engaord him aa a modeller, buC 
quickly [larivd with bim raihor than comply 
with Ilia reoueiit for an iucrease of lialniy. 
Ho afturworda worked fur ISelinvt! and ItailL'j. 
In 1814 he eEhibileil at the l^)yul Academy 
K Bmall bnt exceedingly cle\er bas-relief 
of 'IH'fith and .Sleep heiirin^r ofT thn llodv of 
.Sflrpc-don,' which was ongmved hy Affred 
Itolien I'reebairn by the anuglytilic. pn>oc»s. 
Only a few oopii* wore rst'Citt^-il, and tJioM 
were preMiiitcu to tVlendii. A copy of thi« 
work in plaster was in the Inlemalionol Ex- 
hibition of \^*yi. Onu of hiM IU06L cbarui- 
inir uTid tioelic works is the baa-relief in 
marble, ' Literature," exhibited ut the lloja] 
Academy iu \^^ ; it forcuti part of ibu 
motiumcnt to his <dd friend Allan ('uuning- 
liam. At len^U. thruugli the good ollices 
i>r .\llrin Cunninghaiti. heohtaiiii^J tliecom> 
misMion from I.nnl Eldon for a colossal 
group of the brother) Lord Kidun and Lord 
Stowfll. After much cftrwfiil slndy he had 
completed the moiiels, and was bufiily en- 
gaged on tbc marble, when fatnl iUncjM nt- 
tuc)ct>d Lim, iiud it wna only after biK death 
that it was compli'ted by hia assistant and 
friend, Oeortrc Nelisou. YhU group is intho 
lihrarj- of Inirrraity College, Otford, It ia 
a iioblo moMumein, and along with his t-quullv 
»nc<;>w«ful veatf^'l figiin! of Flivxmati, which 
was begun in IM'i and waa also completed 
by Nelson, received from the commJwuonera 
of the fircal Jixhibiiioii of 1851 a vt'\t» 
medal. Tlw Fluxman portrait was placed 
on the stiiircn&L' learliiiji TO The Flaxman gal- 
lery of Univi^rniiy C-oUege, London. In \q\7 
Walsnii exhibited for the last time at the 
Itoyal Academy. It wa« u model for n bof- 
n-lii'f 7 ft. 9 in. hy !t ft., a linn design con- 
taining eleven figures, and reprBscnling I>r. 
.\rchibald C«mpr<>n teoclinjf the wnunded oa 
tlicflfltl of Cidlodftn. Thia monumant wua 
coned in Caen alone, and was erected in the 



« 



Watson 



32 



Watson 



Savoy Cluipel ; it «ru intftvtuBatdv de> 
WrofaA by ttiv in 1!%l. Tbe ongiiul cast, 
hownvr, wadHuld witli ^^''ntflOD'9 effects and 
wM parcKft^'cl by Mo«sn. Kelson of C&rliole. 

WatKin iliocl at lus n«idenc«, Vi Upper 
tiloueester i'Uux. Dorset Si^uarc, on '2t* Oct. 
Id47,ta(l wiu buriod in Iliglifcmto cemetery. 
'There is a mccbUion of \\ at^ton by (feorfr» 
Nvtwit in tli« tranK-jpt of Carlialo Catlicdnl. 
Hii w&H u mux of quirt wnvK niid iu»ia>iifi- 
isnl appvoraace, witb no fmndx to pu^ bla 
claim* lu nottcu, «ot) irben nt Usi hi]> ability, 
Ano ta9t«, and knovledgo of work raised ' 
him to fame and fortane, tb« disease which 
bad bf«n aggruvAli-d by the many anxieties | 
iu biii cuvt-r proTi^-d fatal to him. 

iJunn^ liiti !&»[ illne&>t Wnlsuii cbubi^ 
tho»c of his uiodelit chat biM;-^n»id(>rvd inferior 
work to be deatnm^d. Ilia eloclrotypes, 
which wi-ru pruiiDUDRDd by bis coott'Oi- 
purariM (o Im mizhr of th« bwt xrork of the 
time, he bi>qiu>at!ii?d to bia friend Sir Charles 
l/pck HMtlakf- ^q. v.l 

Tbf principal worSa expcated by Wuaaa, 
and not alrcudy inenttoatd, wure tho b«»- 
relief on .MiixliayVballof coium(;FC4.<,Tbroad- 
De«dle SiTvet, London; ibv tunliiL- of queen 
I'^liaaWtb in the lluyal ExLlmiii(«; two 
ligurui, ■ I Ivhv ' and • Iri»,' fur IJurrj'd lU-vr 
l^lt^a fi>r l.bf Marquiji of )jii:iJidimiie'« »e»l 
at Uowuod I lilt) nkL'tchiU! wi'n* cxliibib.'d nt 
thv HmvuI Acaduioy m 1847); full-Iunflb 
OoloAoal fltatUM of Major Ak<lioii)jy and 
William, varl of Lou^doli'. both in Car- 
lisle; a terra-cotta idUHrrlipvn, 'Little 
Children, coiui> unto He,' erected over a 
doorway nl IJltlc HuIIbiiiI Houiw; and one 
of the lour baa-relii^fH of tb^i Ni^l^on tnonu- 
munt, ' T!m! IJattlw of Si. Vinceut.' 

AfTi;r Ilia dt^ath k mt of lifliKTn drnwini^s 
be Iind eKecuted an illustrations to iIj4 povm 
OD 'Human t.ifi;' by his friend .'Samuel 
Bogera [<j. v.] was HtliugrapK-d by WiUiam 
Doc^ of Carlialc. Uuc of iIb carloom, 
'11iiluuthro)>y,' wa§ cntfiwud oil wood by 
W. J. Linlim us an illu->tmti>m to tlin 'I.ito 
and Works of Waison ' br llpnr>' Lonadule 
{p. 19B(. Mm i-\liihil.5d Uirwi-t'u It^i-H nnd 
1847 nint'tiH'n uia^a at th» Hoyal Acadtttny. 
and tw'iiL<v at itie dufiblk .Siret;t Uallery. 

[Ijcia«dal«'s Lifa of WoImmi ; Art Journal. 
1»M, pt37: Royal Acadany Cat.; Orares's 
I>ict.of ArliKa.) A.N. 

WATSON, PFTERNnUJAM (I7BI- 
IB.'JO), LotiiiiiBt, was Iforn at Hull in 1701, 
huxaf; btptiiu^d at Holy Trinity Cbnrch on 
VQ \ng. m ttint year. Educated at the 
^nunmar fcbool nndtr .T-vst'iih Miini^r ^q.v.], 
and occupied In early JilV in trade, hu wa* 
*o onthunajilic atuJent of botany, vulom»- 



loKy, clirmistry, and minentloer, and a tdtil- 
fuT lunds^cape-painffr. In IKI^ fae took an 
nctir«> part in tbe establishment of tb» Hull 
botanic (^nrden. In hia ' Dendrolojipa Bri- 
laoaica' hv alludes tp. xii) to bia 'own 
endeavours to furnish tbc in«titurio& with 
many iudigLMions plants, wbich I eolWctcd 
at confiiderabli? expi>n.*e and Ubour, l»y Ira- 
vi'Tsin^ tbL> whole Eaei Ridinff ... in sty 
f^, with pn>prr apparatus fur cutting up 
roots, collectins seeua, tte. of thu rarer sof1«, 
wbo3>e babitatsliad iHMin rvndxrod fkiniliar lo 
mf fnim iiiimvn>u8 previoiiii berbori.satioiu).* 
Iu 18:^4 and tbe following year he issued, in 
twenty-fi^ir |Mrta, hi« 'Llc:ndrolo)fia Rrilati* 
nica; or Tree« and Shrub« that will li\-e in 
tb« Opt-n Air of Bnt'iin lhroU|fbout the 
yrar.' This wuric, wliicb I^udon dif»cribea 
{ArUirettnn /irifrtmnuiun, u. IfvMt as 'the 
m<et scitMitific work devoted I'sclusi^'vly to 
tives which has hithnrlo lircu publishi'd iu 
Kngland,' was completed in two octavo 
volumes, printed in ilull and published tn 
l^ndon it] l>3A. It routiiin« aa introduc- 
tion todescript if ebotoiiy, occupy ingscventy- 
twu psffL^s and iri'vxiii'lU-nt oolourwl plali^ 
of exi'tic trees ottU shrulj^.i-och acvomjianied 
br a page of teclmicriil description. Wnlson 
dwid at Cuttiii^ham, noar Ilull, on 1 .Si.'pt. 
1890. lie wtm elroied a fellow of the Lra- 
nean 3<wieiy in l&i4. 

[R. W. OrUaa'a SkcUhM of Hnll Auihon. 
iSifi-l a. S. B. 

WATSON. niCILVRD (1613-1685). 

royali»t diviue.cooiroversialisl and povl.soa 
of Williani \^'atA•ln.raprchant, waa bom in 
Lb« parish of St. KuthariiK Crvts London, in 
ItilS, and IB said to hnvf Ntudii>d fur 6ve 
yean in the .Merchant Taylors' wbool under 
^l^. Augur (Vrxy, Ai/iritM.tioni to Gnnritlw 
and Cit»Hs VotUr/e, p. ] 7t>)^ ihoRgh his name 
does not occur in the ' Itegistcn {sd. Robin- 
W.I1. li^Sl. Oil 22 IVc. 102ft be wm sd- 
initt^ a sizar of Uonville and Caius Ooltcm^ 
Cainbridi^f. IIi' proci?rtled B.A. in 1RS2, 
cotnuK-ueed M.A. m 1(^)1}, luid wat ek-cted n 
juniorft'Ilowofhis college in tiept ember lOaO. 
From 10^0 to 1^42 he was Imianulin' of tbe 
IVfHx ^Taniiuar M^bool at Cambridge. Ho 
held thu rollegs offices of leirturer in rhetoric 
ill 16:11), (ir<-«k Iwtumrin lt]42, nnd Hi-'bra'W 
lecinrcr in 1643. Keiiig a tealoas defender 
of the dutrch of Kngbind, lie preached il 
sermon ' toiuliiujiechinm' (t'ambridge, lt>42, 
4io> at 8t. Mary's, the university cburcb, in 
Iti42, and, u this v;ta highly offensive to 
the presbyterians, he was ejected fh)m his 
fcllowsbt]) and hin school. Afterwarda, * to 
avoid (heir barbaritie:;,' be withdraw fio 
i'Vanoe, and was patronised at l^uis liy Sir 



4 



4 



Watson 



33 



Watson 



RichBid Browne, clerk of bis inajesty's 
couacil, and for some months he officiated 
in that gentleman's oratory or chapel, where 
he frequently argued with the opposite party 
concerning the visibility of their church 
(Kennbtt, Bfguter and Chronkk, p. 2:i9). 
Sabaequently he became chaplain to Ralph, 
lord Hopton, in whose service hi continued 
until that nobleman's death in 1 652, being 
then ' accounted one of the prime sutTerers 
of the English clergy beyond the seas.' He 
oftem-ards resided at Caen. 

At the Restoration he was re-elected frl- 
low of CaiuB College, and he demanded his 
original seniority, 30/. a year as compensa- 
tion for his sequestered fellowship from 
1644, and SI. a. year for the rent of his 
rooms firom the same date. The college re- 
fused to grantthis demand, but allowed him 
10/. a year ' for the present.' Lator, on 
6 July 166S, he was allowed the value of his 
fellowship for the two years and a half dur- 
ing which it was vacant after his ejection, 
and some allowance was made for rent of 
his rooms ' out of respect to his deserts and 
sufferings' (Vesk, Biogr. Hist, of Oonville 
and Ctum Coll. 1897, i. 286). On 29 April 
1662 Watson, who at that time was one of 
the chaplains to James, duke of York, was 
created by diploma D.D. of the university of 
Oxford, in September 1062 be was presented 
to the rectory of Pewsey, AV'iltshire. He 
was collated to the prebend of Warminster 
Ecclesia in the church of Sarum on 29 March 
1666^ was appointed master of the ho^ital 
at Heytesbury, Wiltshire, in 1671 ; and on 
19 Dec, 1671 he wa.** installed in the pre- 
bend of Bitten in the church of Sarum 
<Le Nete, Fasti, ed. Hardy, ii. 058, 659). 
Ha died on 13 Jan. 1684 5. Wood says he 
was ' a good scholar, but vain and conceited.' 
Besides sermons and several copies of I^tin 
verse, Watson published : 1. ' Hegicidium Ju- 
daicum; or a discourse about the Jewes 
crucifying . . . their King. With an ap- 
pendix . . . upon the late murder of ... , 
Charles the First, delivered in a sermon [on 
John xix. 14, 16] at the Ilagui', before His 1 
Majestie of Great Britaine ' [Charles II], 
The Hague, 1649, 4to. 2. ' ^kKoXovSos, or a 
1 second fuire warning to take heed of the 
IScotish Discipline, in vindication of the 
first (which the . . . Bishop of London 
Derrie published ann. 1649) against a 
schismatical and seditious reviewer, Il[obert] 
B[Billie of] G[la8gow],' The Hague, I60I, 
2 ptfl. 4to. 3. ' Historical! Collections of 
Eccleeiastick Affairs in Scotland, and Politic 
related to them.'London, 1657, 12mo. 4. 'The 
Pan^yrike, and the Storme, two poetike 
libells by Ed. Waller, vasaall to the Usurper, 



answered [in Terse] by more &ythfull aab- 
jects to his sacred Ma*' K. Charles II ' (anon.), 
tine loco, 1669, 4to. 6. 'The Royal \'otanB 
laying downe Sword and Shield, to take vp 
Prayer and Patience ; the devout practice of 
his Sacred Maiesty K. Charles I in his Soli- 
tvdes &, Sufferings. In part metrically para- 
phrased,' Caen, 1660, 8vo. 6. 'Discipline: 
(1) .A.fair Warning to take heed of the same, 
by Dr. Bramhall, &.c. ; (2) A Re\'iew of Dr. 
Bramhall ... his fair Warning, &c. ; (3) A 
second fair Warning, in vindication of the ' 
first against the seditious Reviewer,' The 
Hague, 1661, 4to. 7. ' Effata Regalia: 
Aphorisms divine, moral, politic, scatter'd 
in the Books, Speeches, Letters, &e., of 
KingCharles the First,' London, 1661, 12mo. 
8. ' Epistolaris Diatribe, una de Fide Katio- 
nali, altera de Oratia Salutari ; his subnexa 
est, De voluntate etiam ab ultimo dictamine 
intellectuB liberata, Dissertatio,' London, 
1661, 8vo. 9. An English trnnslatipn of 
' The Anciont Liberty of the Britannick 
Church, by Isaac Basire,' London, 1061, 8vo. 
To this he added ' Three Chapters concern- 
ing the Priviledges of the Britannick Church, 
selected out of a Latin Manuscript, en t it u led 
Catholicon Romanus Pacificus. \\'ritten by 
y. J. Barnes, of the Order of St. Benedict.' 
Bosire's Latin work ' Diatriba de Antiqua 
Ecelesiarum Britannicarum Antiquitate' 
was published at Bruges (1656, 8vo) under 
the editorship of Watson. 10. ' Ludio Pano- 
neticus ; Orationes olim habits Cantabrigito, 
in solemni Professione Filiorum, Artium 
Candidal or It m,' published with the college 
and univiTsity exercises of Anuila Cruso, 
London, 1665, 8vo. 11. 'A fuller Answer 
to Elimas tho Sorcerer ; or to the most ma- 
terial part (of a feign'd memoriall) towards 
the discovery of the Popish plot, with 
modest reflections upon a pretended declara- 
tion fof the late Dutchess) [^of York] for 
changing her religion, published by H. 
Maimbourg, &c. In a letter addressed to 
Mr. Thomas Jones' [theautiiorof 'Elvmas'], 
London, 1683, fol. 12. ' The right re'verend 
Dr. John Cosln, late Lord Bishop of Dur- 
ham, his Opinion (when Dean of Peter- 
borough and in exile) for communicating 
rather with Geneva than Rome : Also what 
slender authority, if any, the English 
Psalms, in rhime and metre, have ever had 
for the publick Use they have obtained in 
our Churches, and a short historical deduc- 
tion of the original design and sacrilegious 
progress of metrical psalms,' JjOndon, 1684, 
8vo; reprinted with a different title-page, 

imr>. 

He also edited E. Dunoon's treatiao 'Da 
adoratione Dei versus altare,' 1660, 12mo. 



Watson 



»4. 



Watson 



» 



I 



«.itU. i;.^.-.-it (.'«Li CMtir'aCNiDliridg*. pp. 

'n*. IM, 1*7; FiivtaKaAlttaini Mioii. l&OO-ITU, 
ft MU> Kmmm'i R«Rl*ur. pp. S3S, 230. 371. 
4M.C7I< a*7i 1/rvntlai* UiU. M<ia. (Bebn): 
IHMspMpm. Ihm. Cat. |I, toI. ilviii. it.fW; 
ITAlfor'* H«ibrin(« of lli« Cltno- '■■ t'*^ = 
W^Mif* AUmwOiod. (llt'M) ill. «9. CI 1, It. 63. 

WATBON. lUCHAni) (1737-18Irt), 
hmltftf f4 l.l*i)il«fr, voiirif^fT Kon of Thomas 
WwNm (l')7:;-17'''.4), wax Irini in Aitnuot 
1797 (bsptiiMMl 2/i HniiL.) ut llnvi-ntliam. 
WMtflvirrlan-l, vhtfiv liu fnlbcr, n clLTgy- 
HUH, WW mii'twr < IWtl-l7<l7f of llin ffrnm- 
■•THihniJ. Am'mit In* htlirr'!! |ni]iilH wiih 
KpliruiN Cliftinlfnni ''|. v.' WotioD R'>t his 
w:h'i'>liii)t ftl lliioTiliMin : not from hin 
f*t)j<'r, wbo Iiu'I ri*«ii{iirri lii-rnm lii*! birth. 
On 'A N'lV, 17AI lio WDM ikIiiiiMcI h Hirur i^f 
Tn ml y < V.ll«'|[».,< :*iiihri Jir.- ; 3(XJ/., lufl liim hy 
ki» fallKT, |iri>viil(til Tut Ilia iittli'iitioii. Tilt- 
'Uda wnntf'il iloi;!!!!!!^ mid L'onrw inoitli-^l 

at' in wliicli III* I'nrn" ii]p ivi-i'<* I'~>ti^ r Int- 
On ftl Omltrtil^n. Hf> "nrly HIihIc ft ^mi\ 
ImpTMalon hy a citi'Vi'r crit i<<t»iii 'if mi mxti- 
mant in (.Urln* nn tlin ■ AttribiUNi,' and 

eioed ■ *cli'iUr*liip nii '2 Mny 17^7, n your 
totu tho UKiial linjt', winriiriif th'^ i>rNiRiul 
favmir rrf llm lUMtiT. ItoluTt Hmilli (IDH)- 
I7(IM) [<}. V.', Ilu^ruiltiikti-il It.A. ill Juiiiiftry 
17M( lU) mdoikI vrranKK<r. \\\n fSfiminii- 
lion i-ntidwl bim i') tliu flmt plwo, bul ' llie 
tdlli about' tlio iiijtmtirf Hono liim proved 
'mors Mirvio" tluin if ho ' liJid Uim made 
aminr wnuiHkr.' (tri 1 Oct. ]7(;0 In? wm 
■loctiid fulldw. In IT'i- b-j priTCvcOL-d M.A,. 
waa tnado iiiiMlcriiliir (III (>i'l.) with Joint 
Jebb ['J.V.], aD<l lu'liiwi William I'uley \t\-i-\ 
at a pinrh by i»iiKt("('i>ll 'I'f ins'-rlinn of & 
*non' in hii« jiiropow'd tliF-Jiiii, ' /Kn-miUui 
pwnnrum cnntrndicil liiviitiii atlribiilis.' 

On tlio drntb of John llndli-y [q. r.] in 
17(M WalKin wn^ imanimouHly flttcU-^l pro- 
i'lMnrof cbcmialry by tht> Aonate cm ID Nor. 
Ilia uwD HtHtotnuiit is (tint bi- knew nolluuK 
of clii'nii»try, ' had ni:vtT read a itylliiWt^ on 
ibt! Biibji^l, nor ewn & sinplu I'Xiwrimt'Ut ;' 
but' \w wiw ' tiri'd with Diittin'inalicM ftiid 
natural pliilfwopliy,' nnil wnntHl ' to try ' his 
'fttretifftli in o new pumiiil.' IIq sent to 
Parik tnr 'nn operator ' lllnDman), ' biiriiMd ' 
iuouwlf in lii« Ubomtory. and in foiirltwn 
■UMihl (during Trbicli lit.- had shattfiMl his 
workshop bv an ox]i1u>si<iiri bf|[iiii il [.'uunfL- 
of ehemieal lettiiren whicli wen; liiryvlv 
•Itctidtfd. At iirst anltwanl n» nn e:(peri- 
BWiteT, he aoon nllniin-d il<'xl)mlj', ami hi* 
atinQaIcouraMufL-liGinistryI>>(-iiin\>(al traded 
crowdi^l a»KiiHiM.^e». Jlw printed, but didnot 
publiflh, his ' loBtitutioQum I'licmicamm . . . 




Pvs Nvt«ll urgic*.' Ckmbridgv, 17^ Bt« 

(r«print<->d in Chemical Euay, VoL u.), •» 
A t4?\t-buok fur port of his courw, sad • oob- 
tnbiilion to l-lit; woric <if eiring 'a. scioilific 
form ' to chriini.nry. His in^enioaa mgiaoir, 
'IDtjMTimentN and Observations on Tftriooa 

1>hRnoin(;na attttndin^ the •ottttiotu of saba,' 
iroitf^bl litm u unosimous election (? F«b^ 
17<!t>)a«fi.'ltoR'ofthelioyal Society, and wa* 
Irauslsted from the 'Triia<iictioa»' (U.-?^) 
into Fn-nfli. luJiine and July 177:J hedis- 
cnr(>a'd that a tkt'rtnomctvT ^atu a higher 
itiilic-ation whrn Lh» bulb woa patntc<d with 
Inilinn inh. Th» Aenms the origin of the 
black-bulb I hermometer. Tbv introdoctioB 
of pint ilium, wronf^lyoAcribf^ to him, belongs 
lo Willtuut Itrownri^g [t). v.] 

Tbe ohcini!itry chftir was iinendowot). mad 
I III- univiTxiiy provided nothing but a lectors 
riK^m. Tlirou^h the interest of his coll«{^ 
friend, John I.uthir, willi L'hiirl'i' Wot»OD- 
Wentwtirlb, .secmd uinnjiUA of Kuchiugbom 
\t\. V,]. and hia own peraigtenoj with Ntw- 
caal le, Wat mm oblaint^l from th* crown (July 
I7(i'i> « «iipi-nd of KXW, during; \a& tantiw 
of tliB chair, refusing to hnvw it K"tl!i,'«l on hint 
for lifu. Besides cliemifllry he studied ona- 
vomv nnd iiractised dissection. 

TluMleiithir>()ct. lT7l>of Tbnmaaltuthcp- 
forth [ti-v.j left vBcatit thu r^'gius vhuir of 
diviuily, whiib 'hud long bii-u l!w Bcerct 
object' of AVatson's ambition. Ut* vfu^ 
hovrovvr, not 4UKtilii.-d for candidal un>, 
hnving no degree in divinity. 'I(t hard 
trareUing and eoiue udruilneM' he obtainvd 
the king'* n)nii<lnli<, and was created U.I). 
on 11 Orr., tlie ilny befon.' the «xatDiuaiiu& 
of the wiiididntea. He wan unaiunioiialy 
tlectwl (31 Ocl.Xand I'ultTcd iJ]jon nllice on 
1 1 Nov. Tbe rector>' of Somershaiu, Htin- 
tingdonshire, went with tlii- rbair. 

Al (be cud of (lie year he printed 'an 
ossftv,' alri'sdy in tbe press, 'On lbe.^iibJM!t« 
of Ohi'mistrv and their gtfuorul dirt«ions.* 
1771 , Bvo, followed by bis ' I'lan. of Cheniciil 
Lecture^.' 1771, ^vo, inti^nding tbi:se as t«k- 
ing leave of iLe urientr. Hisi ' Gasay' was 
dracrihtHl in the 'Joiininl Kncyclop^wjuft* 
«" indebted to DTIolbach's ' Sy»teme de la 
Nature' (17701, a worlt wbirh Watson had 
never seen. For some ycura he kept hi»- 
resolution to abandon chemistry; but' in. 
: 1781 hfl publifibuJ a tint vulutne of 'Che- 
' micol E«*avs,' foUutved at intervals by fourl 
j others. The first two volumei! wort! tnsA-i 
lated intoOvrmanby F. .V.Galliicli, I^ipiig, ■ 
j 1782, r*vo. In the preface to the fourth vo- 
lume (9 Feb. l"tM3), be iinnouwj** that, he 
bad 'destroyed sll ' bis 'chemical manu- 
wrripts,' iutimating that this was ' k sacnftes 
to other people's notions ' of the propcr< 




Watson 



»5 



Watson 



p&tion of a dignitary of the churcli. The I 
'Chemical Esears' reached a seventh edi- I 
tinn in 1800. The moat notable essays are | 
( 1 ) On ' the IWrees of Heat at which Water . 
. . , Boils' (1/81^, describing an experi- 
ment on the boiling of water in a closed 
flask nearly free from air, which has become 
classical; (2) 'On Pit-coal' (1781 ),suree8t- I 
ing the condensing of the volatile products 
from coke-ovens, an operation vrhich has 
recently become of ^reat industrial im- j 
portance; (3) on 'the smelting of Lead 
Ore' (1782), su^estin^ the condensation of 
lead fume, and of the sulphurous acid pro- , 
duced in the roasting of sulphide ores; 
(4) ' On Zinc' (1786). In 1787 government ' 
consulted him about improvements in ffun- 
vowder ; his advice is said to have resulted 
in a saving of 100,000/. a year, 

On entering upon the duties of the divinity 
chair, Watson frankly admits that he ' knew 
as much of divinity as could reasonably be 
expected of a man whose course of studies had 
been directed to, and whose time had been 
iiilly occupied in, other pursuits.' Neglecting 
systematic and historical theology, he de- 
voted himself to biblical stiidiex, recognising 
DO authority but the Now Testament. Ilia 
professorship connected him ofticiBlIy with 
the Society for the Propagation of the Gos- 
pel ; he refused to contribute to it, believ- 
ing its agents ' more zealous in proselytising 
dissenters to episcopacy than in converting 
heathens to Christianity' (Letter to Mawres, 
1 1 Oct. 1777), To the agitation for relief of 
the clerCT from Bubscription, promoted by 
Francis Blackbuma (1705-1787) [q. v.] and 
Francis Stone [q. vX he did not give his 
name. He printed, however, ' A Ijetter . . . 
by a Christian A\Tiig ' (1772, 8vo), demurring 
to the expediency of exacting any subscrip- 
tion beyond a declaration of belief in the 
acriptures, and placed a copy in the hands 
of every member of the House of Commons 
on 5 Feb. 1772, the day before the debate 
ou the clerical petition. ' A Second Lt-tter 
... by a Christian Whig' (1772. 8vo), deal- 
ing with the subscription at graduation, was 
inscribed to Sir George Savite [q, v.l, the 
advocate of the clerical petition, whom^Vat- 
aon did not personally know. The two letters 
were not acknowledged aa his till 1815. 
Apart from expediency,hedefended the riffht 
of every church to require uniformity of doc- 
trinal profession, in ' A Brief State of the 
Principles of Church Authority '(1773, 8vo, 
anon.) This hi repeated as a charge at 
Llandaffin June 1813. He felt more confi- 
dence in his views when he found they were 
those of Benjamin Hoadly (167&^17(J1) 
[q.T.] 



At the end of 1773 he was presented to 
'a sinecure rectory ' in the diocese of St. 
Asaph, which he exchanged early in 1774 
for a prebend at Ely, owing both pieces of 

freferment to the good offices of Augustua 
lenrj- Fiteroy, third duke of Grafton [q. v.J, 
then chancellor of the university. His uni- 
versity sermon on 29 May 1776, on *The 
Principles of the Ilevolution Vindicated' 
(Cambridge, 1776, 4tO! several editions), 
gave lasting otlence at court, and interfered, 
Watson thought, with his just promotion. 
John Dunning (afterwards first Baron Ash- 
burton) [(J. v.l said ' it contained just such 
treason as ouglit to be preached once a month 
at St. James's,' Several pamphlets appeared 
in reply, AVatson was told the sermon pre- 
vented his appointment as provost of Trinity 
College, Dublin, but this is chronologically 
impossible [see Helt-Hutchissos, Joiis, 
1724-1794]. 

Laterin the year he published his 'Apology 
for Chrifitianity . , . tetters ... to Edward 
Gibbon' (1776, 12mo), the result of 'a 
month's work in the long vacation,' under- 
taken to meet the challenge of Sir Robert 
Graham (1744-1836) [q. v.] He sent Gibbon 
a copy before publication ; courteous letters 
(2 and 4 Nov,) passed between them, and in 
Gibbon's ' Vindication ' (January 1779) Wat- 
son is mentioned with marked respect, as 
'the most candid of adversaries.' Ah a popu- 
lar antidote to Gibbon's fifteenth chapter, the 
'Apology' was widely welcomed, and has 
been constantly reprinted. 

On 18 Oct. 17(9 he was collated arch- 
deacon of Ely, by his bishop, Edmund Keeno 
[q. v.], and in August Keene gave him the 
rectory of Northwold, Norfolk (Colk's mnnii- 
scripl' Atienef Cnntnhr. Add. JIS. 5883, 
p. 171), In February 1 781 Charles Manners, 
fourth dukeof ltuthmd[q. v.], who had bufii 
his pupil, and whose party he had aided in 
the Cambridgeshire election of 1780, pre- 
sented him to the valuable rectory of Knap- 
toft, Leicestershire, lit' then resigned North- 
wold. A fever which attacked him in 1781 
was attended with complications which left 
his health i)ermancntly impaired. In July 
1782 the see of Llandutf was vacant by the 
translation of Shnte IJurringlnn [q.v.] Graf- 
ton and liutland made interest with "William 
Petty (then Lonl Shelbume, afterwards first 
Marquis of Lansdowne) [q. v.], and Watson 
wns appointed. He wns consecrated on 
20 Oct. 1782, Owing to the meapreness of 
the revenues of the see, he was allowed to 
retain his other prefermentsfexcept the arch- 
deaconry) ; ho reckoned his whole emolu- 
ments at 2,200/. a year. 

He at once drew up proposals for a redis- 



VHtWtO 



tribation uf dinrdi rarvnuw, wttb 
oqualirinK «piaoopaI aeuI improving nun- 
culsl inooous. The ccbeiBe wm pcmtMl 
(>inv>?Dib?r 1783>, nnc!, itf^irut Sl»ilDam«'* 
odvier, piiblish'MJ lu ' A ].(-it4T to Areh- 
biiliop ComwaUis on tbe Church R«r(^ue8 ' 
(1788, 4<o>. Bxc-pt IVilbr Port*ii* [{\. v.\ 
BO bUbop adiDQwlAl^ed ico receipt. Jljchsrd 
CmBberTuid (1732-lHll) [q.v.\ who had 
wrillon bgfur* nniiiat Wslmn, attacked ibe 
• LetWr," m dfl others; \\ iHiam Cooke 
(I'H-ITW) [q. v.] WM ooi! of tlio fi'w who 
npurovM lb« plan. Walitntt n-turntxl to the 
nubiecL in u i-|Htich (34) May) in tht< IIousi! 
of Ijurd*. 

To pmTQot<> bihlienl Atndr. >VAUnn edit(>d 
' A Colli-ction of Theological Tmcis ' (Cano- 
bndgt, }7^<!',,^i vol*. 8vo: Snd ■flit. 1791), 
witliii[lL-<Jicattuiito(he<]ur«D. IJftbe twenty- 
four worhn hL<r*.' rcj>fiiiU<i],sonip uf llw most 
iaipofUiiit are br ilifMnniif^ diviues, <j«or^ 
l)«l»On 'q. V.\ f'HUiiiiol (Chandler, NathaoicJ 
LardnurJq.v.T, and John Tiiyl«r(I<»4-I7»il) 
[q. V.': (Ill llm death of hm frwud Lullier 
(II /mi. 17^f() ho cutne in for an esuto 
trbirli n'Alwwl 'JO.'^W. Afu*r mi illnt-iM anil 
a vUit lo llfith, under mt-diral adrirn he 
appoititixl i~G Muy l't<7) lliomu KipKna 
[q.T.j as his d^-niity in ilie divioity chKir,An3 
took luave of llie unirersily. 

In 1788 hf* joined hi* old adioolfbllow Wil- 
liam I'rwtton (li. I78f>), tlivn bishop of Ferns 
and l^i^hliu, in rwlorin;; (h« llwvrabam 
achoolhoUA'.-, in«oribin(^ it to the memories of 
il» founder and hi« father. l''i.\iiig \u» r^ 
flidraCfi ill ^VeHtmorelflnd, tirHt at OoXJAro 
Tower, tlicn ar. Culgnrth I'ark. vrboro ha 
built a hoiiwr (I7'^0), he devotod liini*elf to 
QXtvudvL' ulantatioiifi and impravcmt'nt of 
wtmtK Iun<iK. The Soirii-lj' of Art.i awiinlcd 
Itim a pretDiutn foe hi^ paper on wasio lands 
tpuhliuird in Itunlwrii OrHH|;i<'a! K«ii»j-«, 
IBOf), vol. v.) Amirhfr paper Ipublidlied in 
lHO'')'>hlainpil th'-TBiir before t lie i^ld lotdal 
of the board ')f iipriciilturf. Wordsworth 
But>en>d ul his ' vi-ui'tuWe miinufuctorj'.' He 
was otivn in l^^ndon. and rixitcd Ma diocoae 
tjivttmally, but fninkly rv«o(ds his various 
effotta to obtnin translation to abetter. Ilia 
'Considamlions on tU« ICxpodicncy of Ro- 
Yimng thn Litur^fr ajiJ Arlii-lea ' (1790,Hvti) 
van anonytnoufi, but acknowledeed in iM<>. 

Hy far tU" most pujiulur of liis writings 
WAA IiU'Apolog}- for the Rible . . . U-t- 
tvra . . . to llioniiu PkiDe' (179U, IStno). 
Thia ia usuallj dcacribed a« an answer to 
PfflincV ' Aav of lleason* (170J), which 
^VnljUHi bad not sct-n. It i«directL^da)fain6t 
i>Hine'8 ' SMond Part ' (17iUi), and uspMriallv 
aoaiuM Paiuo's tre«lmentofacripturv, which 
Watvou tboi^ht unwonhy of bis paweru. 




The * Apolofc; ' was aasierljr rvad in Amerieft 
aa wtdl aa in lliid countn-. In udditioa tO 
very ntunnooE nvrinle il haa b>_'<.'n abridged 
(Ifi^O, 8vo> b* Francu Wrao^haiii |^q- f.], 
and tmn^lalrd into French (1>'^1!0, 1-iuol hy, 
T,.oiiig Th«odor« Wntouillac. Po»tbuuioa* 
fmffmentA of Paim^'s 'An»iv«r* wore pub- 
liabed in New York (l)^10-^4)> and in part 
FPpnntfd in London in 1n37. 

In hi* '.\ddT«t> to thu Pvoitlo uf Qmt 
Brilain ' ( 17UU, f^ro. 'M Jan.) Watson m^ 
that thv ptvgTV4f» of ovvnt « had rvDdi.Ted th* 
vigoroua proaecutiun of the war itK-vitaUa, 
and apjproTpd I^tl'st^lpo«itioo of the incoae- 
taz. Tlw ' Addrww*' w.-nt thnm^h f<7urteea 
4>ditinn!<, he.*idee pirated repriniA, and wag 
wididy diBtnbut«<r br the (rnvemmeDt. ' 
lUply "(Kilw) hy(;,'tli.-rt AVakcfltld fq. v. 
led to \Vake[lcld's irini and imprLsonmuni 
M'atson, who hitd )'T('hiuit,'>-d courtpnut nolc^ 
with WalietlvM, aftinus tliat hi) ' I'xk hjioa 
paitui to prafeut thia |iiiM«cutton.' He li>ok' 
no Doticu of the taunt that he hud chan^< 
his prioniil*!*, anti followed uii tlic tonir. .ifj 

I iho 'Addrcra' in a charpo (Junu 171>iJ 
htirU-r)iy. Hix Hiwwb in t!ip Ior(U(l] Apri_ 
KIK)), advocalinfT (he iininn will) In^brndf' 

I waaattadivd byI^j«minFlowerr<(.^.\who 
w«A fined and impriaoDcd for • bi'i-Mch (At 
prifilejcv. Wataon had not K<en the atiac 
and wa.4 on hi* way to Caljirarth when thm 
houw! took action. 

While occupied in political and ecoDonue 
qunstion», Watson kept in viow tJio intereats 
of practical ivLiKi>ui. To Wilberforcv, whom 
he supported in his oH'orts against tht' wlara 
trade, Iw ct»ii[DiiiiicEt«d (J April li^OO) a 
K-bfjDC for twenty m*w churfln.-!* Ui Ijun' 
with free sitting Whin I'rejlinphaUw-n'i 
' AVlnift ... of the ('hriatiao Itvlijpon 
(IHOI, ^.vof WHS iftDued at the quaeii'a 
with nishiiu I'orteUK a4 editor, he wrote 
Tirafton (23 Oct.), ' I have not my r.J 
to \fam from a Lutheron divin*.' He _ 
liAhrd in IMM a traft in favour of Roman 
calh'dic vti]aiic:i|>aliun, and wroto (27 MArcb 
liSO<'>) 10 remove the scruplaa of ahuly about 
inurrjiiii; into the Urvek church. The de- 
fence of revi-ahil ndtgion was his frcquant 
topic both in the putpit and through iheprcM. 
Ill 18fl.'> Sir \\ ftll«r ScoUwn* hi>> piiMt at 
Col^nli. Rawniley affirms that rix>kflf^t- 
inff was merrily pursued then? by the bisboi ' 
ROBS. In f)ctobi.'r IWW Wai.*n« hoil a itVigi 
paralytic attack, followed in 'April 1810 ' 
another, which cripuk-d his rtflit band. 

ririn^ of coiiipluting a projected iHTiea 
olo^cal eawya, in IHll he 'treaiwd' 
'divinity aa' lia 'twDnty-fin< years 
treated ' bia ' chemical jmprra.' Aft«T ~ 
bcr 1813 his health rapidly declined. 





Watson 



27 



Watson 



died at Cal^rth Park on 4 July 1816, and 
was buried in Windermere church, where 
is s tablet to his memory. His portrait, by 
George Komney [q. t.], was engraved by 
William Thomas Fry[q. v.] ; the code of the 
bat and the poae of the figure give a military 
air t-o his refined and resolnte countenance. 
Another portrait painted bv Reynolds belongs 
to the family (Cat. Gwlph Rrhib. No. 186). 
He married at Lancaster (21 Dec. 1773) 
Dorothy (d. 11 April 1831, aged 81), eldest 
daugbterofEdwara Wilson of jballamTower, 
Westmoreland, and had six children. His 
son Richard was LL.B. (1813) of Trinity 
College, Cambridge, and prebendary of Llan- 
daff (1813) and Wells (1815). 

Watson's versatility and power of applica- 
tion were alike remarkable. W'hat he did 
he did well, up to a certain point, and then 
turned to something else. His scientific 
"work was sound and ingenious, if not bril- 
liant, and careful and clear in its exposition 
of current %'iew8. He never turned to his- 
tory, though he accepted membership (1B07) 
in the 'Massachusetts Historical bociety.' 
lie was an admirable letter-writer, courtly, 
pointed, and cautious. Besides the works 
above mentioned he published: 1. 'Visita- 
tion Articles for the Diocese of Llandaff,' 
1784, 4to. 2. ' Sermons . . . and Tracts,' 
1788,8vo(cIiie6yreprint8). 3. 'Thoughts on 
the intended Invasion,' 1803, 8vo. 4. ' Mis- 
cellaneous Tracts,' 1815, 2 voK 8vo (in- 
cludes sermons, chaises, political and eco- 
nomic tracts, chiefly reprints). He contri- 
buted to the ' I'hiloMophical Tran.sactions ' 
and to the 'Transactions' of the Manchester 
Literary and Philosophical Society, of which 
he was elected an honorary member tm 
16 Dec. 1782; these papers arc Included in 
the 'Chemical Essays,' 

[Anecdotes of the Life. . .written I'j liim- 
eclf . . .revised in 1SI4, publishetl by hi» Kun 
Richard, 1817 (poitrftit), 2nd edit. 1818. 2vol3., 
and criticised in A Critical Examination, 
1818 (partly rcprioted from the Courier), and 
in the Quarterly Review, Oetober 1817, liiin- 
bargh Review, Juno 1818 ; London Ri^vicw, Oc- 
tober 1782, p. 277; British Public Chiiriictera, 
1798, p. 261 ; [Muthias's] Pursuits of Literiiturf, 
1798, p. 181 ; cf. Mathiits'e Heroic Epistle, 1780 ; 
Wakefield's Memoirs, 1804, 1. 356, 609, li. 118; 
Meadlej's Memoirs of Paley, 1809, p. 18; 
ThomBOn'sHist.ofthe Royal Soc. 1812; Nichols's 
Lit. Anccd. 1814 viii. 140, 1815 ix. 68G ; I)ii>- 
grnphical Diet, of Living Anthors, 1816, p. 375 ; 
Gent. Mai;. September 1816, p. 274 ; AnnaU of 
Philosophy (ThomsoD), April 1317, p. ^-^7 ; 
Annual Bioer, 1817; Beloe's Seiagenarinn, 1817, 
i. 49 ; Wordjworth's Description of the Lukes, 
1820, p. 73 ; Rutfs Memoirs of Priestley, 1832, 
U.372; Le Neve's Fasti Eccles. Anglic. (Hardy), 



' 1854, I 107, 353, ii. 256, 268 ; Romilly'a Ora- 
dnnti Cantabr. 1866; Atkinson's Worthieu of 
Westmoreland, 1856, i. 185; De Qnincey'a 
Literary Reminiscences (Manon), ii. 195; Percy's 
Metaltni^y, pMsim; Hunt's Religious Thought 
in England, IS73, iii. 361 ; Fitsjarocs Stephen's 
Hone Sabbalics, 1892, iii. 208; Bavnaley's 
Literary AssociatioiiB of the Engiiah lAkes, 
1894, ii. 76; Paine's Wridnga (Conwsy), 1896, 
iv. 258 ; extract from parish register of Hever- 
sham, per the Rev. T. M. Gilbert; icfomiation 
from the university registry, Cumbridge, per 
C. S. Kenny, LL.D. ; miuuten of Mnnehesler 
Liteniry and Philosophical Soc. ; infurmation 
respecting Watson's chemical work kindly fur- 
nished by P. J. Iliirtog, esq.] A. G. 

1 

' WATSON, EICHAUD (1781-1833), 
I methodist divine, seventh of eighteen chil- 
! dren of Thomas (rf. 27 Nov. 1812, aged 70) 
: and Ann Watson, was bom at IJarton-upon- 
i llumber, Lincolnshire, on 22 Fob. 1781. 
' His father was a saddler and a Calvinistic 
dissenter. Richard had a good education, 
bcgiunirg Latin in lus seventh year under 
Matthew Barnett, curate of St. Peter's, 
Burton, and entering Lincoln grammar 
school in 1791. In 179o lie was apprenticed 
' to WilliamBescoby, a joinorat Lincoln. Ho 
was precocious in stature (six feet two in- 
ches ), in range of rending, and in power of 
j address. Having spoken at a prayer meet- 
I ingon 10 Feb. 1796, the day of his grand- 
! mother's death, he preached his first sermon 
■ at Boothby, near Lincoln, on 23 Feb., being 
just fifleun years old. .\pplying at the 
: quarttT ses.sions in Lincoln for registration 
, under the Toleration Act, he was refused as 
; an mjjirenl ice, but obtained repistrntion on 
, repiiiring to Newark for the purpose. Bes- 
coby now voluntarily surrendend the ap- 
prent iceship indenture, and Watson removed 
to Newark iis assistant to Thomai Cooper, 
then stationed there a.s Wesleyan preacher. 
At the conferi'iice of 179B ho was received 
on trial, and at that of 1801 he was received 
into full connexion as a travelliufr minister, 
luivinp meantime been stalioned at Ashby- 
de-ln-Zouche, Castle Doningtoii, and Derby, 
and published 'An Apologj- for the Metho- 
dists' (1800). Shortly after his full admis- 
sion, resenting nn unfounded report of his 
becoming un Arian, ho witlidrew from the 
Wesleyan coniie-vion and from preaching. 
He tried secular business for a short time, 
but without success. 
I His marriage with the daughter of a local 
! preacher in the methodist ' new connexion' 
, 'see KiLiiAii, .\i.b.\axdkr] led him into 
that body ; in 1803 he was taken on proba- 
tion, and in 1807 fully admitted to its 
ministry and appointed secretary of its con- 



Watson 



28 



Watson 




fereriM, Imving beta u«islant Mcrctsty from 
WXy, U* was ftali'}iied lit Htuckpon, and 
friim ISOftnt l.iriTtMM»I. [ler.i he did some 
liturnrv work for Thornnfl Knjf. a Livvrp'ol 

SubliRfier, inpliiiiini,' a tiopiilor gtiidf, ' Tlie 
tmtiffcr in Liv.T|>r)ol (,1W"; litli imI. 
IH3l>)- i^" hvcnm» (liH«8ti»lieil willi tW 
<liM.-i|iliim of tli« ' new conm-xion.' anil later 
iu I he vwiir hi! n-«i({M>;ii liin minisirv, nnd 
reliiriKtJ ae 11 lay mi--mbi>r to lliv WeKl'-ynn 
'\xMly. Kuyu vii^ii{ccil liim m vdilor of t tiv 
' l<tvrr|M>ol CoiiniT,' iMi4bli«lird nii a wccVly 
cooBcrrutive nnftn on Juii. \>^iS, llii- fir«l 
pnlilicnl [ww-r jmliliitliuJ in I.ivi*ri>ool ; the 
■hilitv )■>> diii[ilikyfil le<l to !uR uniclcs buin^ 
VQpiii^ liy n lv«din(r I^mJon dnily, aii<l 
bmiffht him oflVrs nf nimilnr work iu 
Loudon. .labex Hunting [i|. v.] end trthiTB 
limed him in regime liio minifitrv, nnd Uj rbe 
wl-«li'.vnn c;oMf«iwnn« of IH12 he was rvin- 
«tatc>l ill hiH foTuier |)uailioii and jitftlloncd 
■t Wii1[<>ii''ld. wlioui-u in 1814 lie was triinft- 
ferrod t« Mull. 

Th.' lariiT lialf of 1813 witJlffRMtl tin; 
bpjfiniiii'K^ "t ti ffTcnt dfvtdopiin'nt in Wi*s- 
Icynn H'nl for frtri-ifn miwioJic. The innvt-- 
ment wiut inepit^d by Mil- project ufThoitum 
Goiui ['i- T.I (or the evftiiji>?Ufl(iiif>Ti of India. 
Local luiMionary societit'ii were forinyd for 
niiiinn fandf. Into tKi» new iiini'omnit, 
af^er fome little h>-^it»1 Ion, Watson threw 
biiDaoir with greai vigour. IJedriew up n 
plan of a (p^niTal Wralovan inii'i'iimury 
•ocicly, which woi •pi>'pii.h1 by the confer- 
ence, and has sinco been n?pTiiiU>d in the 
Hic«v»»ivv n<porlB uf iho fjcii'ly- '11>« fame 
of his pulpit powiT n-als rouinly on the 
MiecvM of his »)>|h.>bUi on jtrtiiit <ii'uaai<>ii», iu 
di^eniiifT inLrn-nL in thit W i*»li-yun mt*- 
eiooB, and in Bliniulaciii|r L^OurtK for their 
iupport. In ISlt! he wiit n-m^ivcd tn Lon- 
don, nnd mndeoiieof two jii'ni'riilitL'crL'larif^a 
to ihfl We^levnii miwions, hi* Ijeinjj Ihi" 
dopartmrtit of linme corr<'9[iondenee, wilh 
Hi|ion"i«i'>n of r*'i>ort* and publications. For 
eloren years from this point hi« life if 
idviitiGiid wilb rbe dia-otion of luiMioEiary 
fint«r])rl«t.-. In If*21 he was made a resident 
uiiasionury sucrwlary in Loudon ; be held 
tbu nllice till \ii'2T, liaving bf'iii pivtiideul c>f 
conferenm diiriiig the previous y«-ar. and 
Tisilvd Sc'illnnd and Ireliind in thiil eajm- 
cily. In \t*'27 he was appointed to Man- I 
obester, succeeding Jubez uimiing; ho re- 
tiirnwl to l^nnd^tn in I.**:?!:!, and in IS.Sd bo 
was acra.in appointed a ivsidcnt secretary to 
the mi^ionary socii^ly. 

Meanwhile hi» liu'niry nclivitr wa« con- ' 
«'id«rtLhle. In 1H18 h« piibhiihe^ a tn^atiae , 
on the ' KtcmnL S'umkip'in confutation of 
BDIDQ npiciions recently advanced in Adam 1 



Otrke'a ' Comtnentary.' This firat bros^d 
bim inio nutp aa a ibvoltwiaa. lo 1890 uv 
wttfl selecled by tin* eoiift-n'-nc* to ivnian. 
a revii'w of Soutbey'a ' Life of Wesley,' 
which, though ttm- n* a hiriffrsfiliy, shoir^ 
no understanding of the motiviM of thft 
fuimdcT of methodi«m, and litlle of tk» 
principb^H and di»>ciplini: of the inethodi^t 
societies. Watson produced a gravo and 
cntislic refutation under the title * Obs<erTa- 
tioiw on Mr. Sijiitbwv'* •' Life of Wesley."' 
The coatroveny escit4!d an interest beyond 
ibu relifjious world, the- priucv regent rv- 
murliiug, ' Mr. Wataoii bai (be ad\nn 
over my launwte.' WatsonV ' Theolog iral 
IiiHtitnto*' (1n:*:;-23, »ix i>art«; new v4, 
1877, 4 Tola. IJmoi, tbe fnni of nine- yean/. 
Inboiir, deservedly ranks among ilw abl 
r\poAilion.4 of liiti .-Vrminian sy«t*in (cf. 
llACi:j>HAt'u, Uitt. 0/ Di^tn'ne*, iit. 25^'). 
IIi« 'Biblical and Theological Llitliouarv 
tl'^I) io It careful and intelligent c^Jmpif^- 
I ion. on a plan moivcomprvheoi.ivelhaH had 
prcviouj;U bven attempted in Kn;;Ii>f^li. 111 
•Lifeof'lhB Krv. .lohn We. W ' iliiHl\ 
nTittan Ml tli« nxiui'st of the eonferentvi,, 
contninN fn-»b and important mailer; an 
(Hliiinn in Fmrndi, with iwlditi<in», wa» pnb- 
liitbed jit Jersey t l^JS, -' vols. **vo). Tti» 
'Siipplemenr ' ( I8S1 ) lo Ihr Wt-»W«n bymii' 
booH waa maialv of his election, with eoail 
assistance fnim1'homasJaok*oa( 178^1873! 

From bis intimate knowledge of t 
miwion Held lie early became interested ia 
the elnvery qnu^tioa. Tbu r««olutiuos la 
favour of t<mannpatina adopted by thi- mis> 
fiiouary ootuinitti.'e |lt^2->J uid tliot« adopt 
hv confiTn^Qw (IHSO) wen- draflrd by fiim, 
lie wiiB nut,however,fnr imiiiediole omanci 
patioM. One of tli" I«j^t productions nf hi 
j>en waa an able letter on tb« suhjecl ad' 
drt-Aswl (Heceraber ]S\i-2) to Sir f'hoaiai 
Fowell Biislfln [i|. v.] A ittrong inc-thodist. 
aud an able upbolderofliie coniiexioniildif- 
ciplino against the iodcpendvut tendimcim 
iiianifi.-«ied in \><'2S, \Vut»uii cuuatanlly 
wrol« of iho Anglican co'iimunion a* ' lliA 
mother of us all, wna deeply alladied 
ibe .\n{i;lic)LiL itrnrer-btHjk, and was anxio 
lo krep raeinndism in friendly rclatioi 
with tln! ftitnbU^hnieDt. 

In nrenchinar Wat*i>n'i» style wa? lofly, 
refiueJ, and pellucid. Wiibout declauation 
h6 pmditccd overwhi'I tning eflfecls by ahxilutA 
eloquence. Ilts delivery wait cotntnandinf 
and deliberate, with rare action. Ilix ftunv 
lur^-lv reelH on lliu four roluaKUoffiermont 
includtHi ill hii* works. II>f was also c«! 
brated aa a platform spuuker. 

lie wu« in ailing healtb from 183<$, H 



ii«^ 




Watson 



«9 



Watson 



oa 8 Jan. l^SS, and was buried intbegrave- 
jard behind City Road Chapel, LondoD. I 
Funeral seirnoos were preached by Bunting i 
jxt City Koad, and by Robert Alder at Bristol. ] 
Hia portrait was one of the most character- 
istic works of John Jackson (1778-1831) 
[a. v.], and was engraved by T. A. Dean ; it 
^tveslbim an ascetic look, partly due to the 
emaciation of illness ; the features are fine, 
and the forehead high. He married (1801) 
Mary Henshaw of Castle Donington, who 
survived him with a son Thomas and a 
<laughter Marv, who married James Dixon 

Watson's 'Works' were edited, with 
' Life,' by Thomas Jackson (1834-7, 12 vols. 
8vo; reprinted 1847,13 vols. 8vo). A vo- 
lume of ' Sermons and Outlines' (I860, 8vo) ' 
contains an essay on his character and ' 
writings by J. Dixon, and a ' Biographical 
Sketch' by "\V, Willan. Besides sermons 
and the works noted above moy be men- ; 
tionetl: 1, 'A Defence of the Wealeyan 
ifethodist Missions in the West Indies,' 
1817,8vo. 2. 'Conversationsforthe Young,' 
18.30, 12mo; Sthed. 1851, 8vo. Posthumous j 
was 3. 'An Exposition of . . ■ St. Matthew ' 
and St. Mark, and of . . . detached parts , 
of . . . Scripture,' 1833, 8vo ; edited by 
Thomas Jackson, being part of a projected ! 
iiommentary on the New Testament ; this 
and the ' Biblical and Theolofjical Dictionary ' 
<1831, 8vo) are not included in the ' Works.' 
He wrote many reviews in the mcthodist 
magazines. ' 

[funernl Sermon by Alder, 1833; ilenioriiils 
by Bunting, 1833; Life l>y JackF^on, 1834; 
>Sketi;h by Willan (1865) ; TransiictioHH of the 
Hist, Soo, of I^nciuthire and Cheshire, 1861, p. 
136; SicvfDson's City Hoad Chaptl (18721, p. 
664 ; Sutton'H List of Lancashire Authors, 1876, 
J). 67; Julian's Dictionary of Hymnology, 1802, 
p. 728; iDforoiatton from the editor of the 
Liverpool Courier.] A. G. 

WATSON, ROBERT (Jl. 1555), pro- 
testant, was bom in the city of Norwich. 
L'nder Edward VI he attained considerable 
fame as a civilian, and became steward to 
Archbishop Cranmer, On the accession of 
Jlarr he was deprived of his post and re- 
turned to Norwicn. There he was arrested 
for his opinions, and, after a month's im- 
prisonment, sent to London to appear before 
the council, by whom he was sent back to 
be confined in the bishop's palace. After an 
imprisonment of a year and four months he 
was examined on his views concerning the 
jeucharist. He was set at liberty through 
thegoodoffices of John Barret (d. 1563) J^q.v.], 
«n declaring that he held the doctrme of 
Xransubatantiation aa far as it was expounded 



in scripture and understood by the catholic 
church and the fathers. John Christopher- 
son [q. v.], the dean of Norwich, regarding 
this profession as eqiiivoeal, endeavoured 
again to lay hands on liim, but he succeeded 
in escaping to the continent. While in exile 
he published an account of his trial and his 
controversy with his examiners, entitled 
'^tiologia Roberti Wntsoni Angli,' 1556, 
8vo. The preface is dated 1 Nov. 1555, but 
the place of publication is unknown. 

[W.irson's /Ktiologia; Strype's MemoriaJa of 
Cranmer, 1812, pp. 450, 610.J E. I. C. 

WATSON, ROBERT (Jl. 1581-1605), 
almanac-maker, matriculated as a sizar of 
Queens' College, Cambridge, on 22 Nov. 
1581, and proceeded B.A. from Clare Hall 
in 1.584-5, He had returned to Queens' 
College by 1589, in which year ho was 
licensed by the university to practise physic. 
He pursued his profession at Braintree in 
Essex, and combined the study of medicine 
with that of astrology. He published for 
several years an nlmnnac containing a fore- 
cast for the year, Tlie earliest extant ap- 
peared in 1695, entitled ' Watsonn. 1595. 
A new Almanacke and Prognostication for 
. . . 1595, . . , By Robert Watson. Im- 
printed at London by Richarde Watkins 
and James Robertes,' 8vo. There is a copy 
at Lambeth; copies in the British Museum 
are dated respectively 1598 and 1605, the 
latter copy being among the Bagford papers, 

[Cooper's Athente Cnntabr. Hi. 310; Omy's 
Index to JIazlitt'a Collections.] E. J. C. 

WATSON, ROBEHT (1730 ?-1781), his- 
torian, tion of an apothecary and brewer in 
St. Andrews, was born there about 1730. 
After studying at St. Andrews, Glasgow, 
and Edinburgh, he was licensed as a pivacher 
of the Uotipel ; but having failed to obtain a 
presentation to one of the churches in St. 
Andrews, he was shortly afterward.^ ap- 
pointed professor of logic in St. Salvator's 
College, of which he was promoted to be 
principal in 1777. The same year he was 
also presented by George III to the church 
and pariah of St. Leonard, In 1777 he 
published, at London, in two volumes quarto, 
a ' History of Philip II of Spain [J548- 
1598],' which was praised by Horace Wal- 
pole, and hod a great temporary popularity, 
being translated into French, German, and 
Dutch, and reaching a seventh edition by 
1812 ; the work was subseouently superseded 
by that of the American nistorian Prescotf, 
At the time of his death, on 31 March 1781, 
he was engaged on a ' History of the Reign 
of Philip HI, King of Spain [1598-1621],' 
which was completed by Dr. Wdliam Thom- 



■on, uid ptibluhM in 1783 tlMidon. 4bo; 
reviBediHlitJon 1808 and If^SP; French trau»- 
l.itirm ll^mV Thin r«miiinsUKofitl u lilliiig 
a (ran between l^pesrott onci Coso. 

W nt*:in rHBTTi'-d, wn "29 .lunn i7'i7, M«i^ 

garut Sluiw, by whom h» left fire daiigliTtrs. 

I ('hnlmen'S Bic^. Diet.; OonoUy'a Eminent 

M«» or Pifr ; Andenton'H Scoilish N-ttiun ; ilcw 

8eoU'< Fiirti Ewle*. ScotiMoie. ii. 400.] 

IT V n 
WATSOX. UORERT (i:-iff-I8.'W), ncf- 
witliin.T, waH U>rn nL Klgiii, th« tint, il 
wooiM flecm, of two Robert Wnlsuns bnp- 
lisod thvTQ — X hinir'ii «(iii uii i^fl Jtirui 174(1, 
«iicl a incrchnnt'fl on 7 Aag. I7fi!>. Cerrainly 
Uie laiKT cnuld iixpt huTu hvm. ' intitnnlii 
with WnBliin^ton,' nnA bren lamod by n 
wuund iu ihi- American war of irirlt-pendcnc', 
'which R*vt! hiin.on Uisrirlin-nicnt. thiimnk 
of ft colonol, And Mm-: land, wliiirli h" nuld 
■uon (iftiT." IMuruinj; In Scotland fruni 
Ami^rJL-a.thc hirtr"«Bon pnidutH'-d M.I).. And 
tbon BfttUil in Londgu. Hewaswcrptarv to 
Ijord (K'urge Gordon at the ttmr of tlif riots 
of 1780, and waa aflvrwurdii ^p.-sideiil yftlw 
ruviiluliiinary f 'orrt'-jionding Sociely, Ho 
wa.-* aT^l^■7te■:l for conspirucy lu 171*6, lay two 
Venn and tliri-o ntontu* in Nvwpili;, ami wait 
tried al thit Old HsiU'V, but aniuitted. A 
rcwanl of IWU. V'intf nfriTpd for hi« n-iijiprt— 
hvnaion, hp * t-smpfj hv livinj: in diFjfuiof! in 
« lord'f Loiui.- in l^onuon, and gut awny )>y 
tli.-inl<-iv*ilorLady.M'J>.inaSwodisliship,in 
wliicli ho vaa ntjurly tukcn ou )tu»picioii '>r 
bt'in;; ThnmoM Hunly.' In October 175*8 the 
• Miinireiir' aanouiitid Iiis arrival at Niinoy 
aa 1 hnl of • I-ord \\ nlixin [«r\ firossain libre ; ' 
•nd, poiiiL' on to Paris, bo iseuwl ati addrvsa 
to tLi- Hntisb pyripb-. jidvocnting n pi-inTiiI 
rising and thi.' ri'ri>]itiou of tho Frnnch oe 
cIvliTvrvrt. Lodging ivith Xnpolenn'ti forest- 
keeper, h* was introdiict'd to thi^consnl, and 
g«T« hiui lcs»'.>ns in ICnglish ; Napoleon madp 
liriii pTiijcijial fif th« n-fttorwd ScoIj* ColK'pi*, 
ift-ith tbnw thoiiKund frunL'eu y>.'iir. Hv held 
the jOTrt "ii yarw, rttid il mitnt have hoi-n 
during Ih^.^ jwriod lliat, in ISO?, he pn*id«d 
Ht ibv St. I'mfriclii" hnri<jUMt to the irJNbmeu 
iu Paris, [lo next wntto lioiotr topidtivatc 
cotf^n und indipn in tho Pontine innmhcs, 
And so pin the \if)Zi' of a handr^d thousand 
fnui» ufTurod by Napoloon on the import«- 
liou (jf these article? lo Franw bi'ing prr- 
Ytmlcd by thu Kn^sb government. The 
Mcltr<n)>' miscarried, and the • ChevalifrWat- 
aon' had a^in to tuni l^nidKT of KnglisU. 
Onu of bis ptipiU hntwuen 1810 and iHltl 
■WM the Oermnn painter Profpssor Vopel 
Ton Vogelebeiu, wfin di^c-ribiat him aa 'a 
Httlft lune nnn of fthoiil «ixty years of a^,' 
Bod who painted thv smull portrait of bim 




now ID the RooltiaL Portnit Gallery at. 
Rdinbiin;h. At Itotne in 1817 lie pnivlisBsd 
for 22/. IU*. fmm no attorncr who hnd b«<>n 
onniideatial ogoni to Cardinal York two 
loada of manasoripls, rolatintr chieliy to 
lwi> Jntrnbitft rebellion*. Tht'.«c. iho • Slu. 
Paper*,' were, however, seized by the Va 
and finally dclirL-ml to thti princu nf^nS' 
Watfton's own siaK-meat that bo got 3,100£, 
from the Bniflisb miuistry is at leaat qou- 
liotiable. In 18'2'i he wrute to an El^ 
friend uflk'm); a loan of 100/., and deacribinf^ 
hinuwlfaa just returned from Orpece. and aa 
nrMWWMr'd of a raloHblv tollwtiMn— Qne*n 
Morr's misaal, ^rarsHnl NoVb hoton, Xapo- 
l*ori*B Waterloo carria^, Jtc, On 19 Xov, 
IK'tf^ Ihi strangled btmself in n London 
tovem by twisting his neckck>tb with a 
pokoT as with a loum)qiii>t. It iwos deposed 
nt tli>> inquest, that \m body bore ninataea 
old wounds, and a Colonel Mftc«rone I04tifi«<i 
to thi' Iriilli of his stntetncula to tho tavem- 
ki^por on thvi:*ve of his '^uicidu. He u said 
to have marrieil in 1798 (Wilia, u-idow of 
tbDBiMli Lord It'Uo, and sietvr of James 
.lohn*t.mi- (1711»-lH00r-) "o.v.j, tho Oh*»m- 
lier de John-Motie ; but lUiilo bred toraarnr 
n nwcoad wife, %^'attioii, liowi>%ier, appesn 
to buTft ht-en comu>f twl by marriu^ with 
.Tnhn^tone, wbo»» maniiBcriptB he Hold in 
1.4^ r« Mf««r8. Longmans [ton nit. Juiix- 
stoxb]. 

Wautnn'n chief work 'm a 'lAfe of 
Gtrorge^lordou, with a Plitlostiphicol Kei-iHW 
of Uis PolitSrol riiiidut-I ' | T^omlnn, 179ft, 
8vo\ He alita edited in 179H the * Political 
WdrUs' of Fletcher of Sallniin, with nnt«n 
and a memnir: and in lr'21 the f*h''vaiirr 
JoliHstone's '.Mf moire of thi:' Hvb-'llion of 
1746,' Hisnnswcr to RurkcR' Ueflfot ions ' 
ia unidenlilli^, and h^ in^iuii! never to bow 
cxccuK'd his prono5<^d tmnslotion of the • ! 
Jtiro llv(fni' or(n'<n'go Itiielisnan, wlioin 
styles * tlitj father of ]iurf nipublieauixni.' 

[Bishop A. P- FoHjr* of Broebiu iu I'r 
ings 8ofl. AntiqaariM of fkoU, Deccmb»r l8aj 
pp. 92t-]U.lHUt(>) chiefly nn inforiantionaupplti 
by Pmfrswor Vonfol ron Vgimtltwin ; 'A WV 
daTU«'r,' liy Andrew I^ng. in Illnstrated Londn 
News. I y March Iflsa, with portrait ; 
Tiiblo Book (1827). i. 739-45 ; Pwey Fit 
Life and Tiinos of WiUlom IV (ISM),'!. 
AlfEvr'n Hnfilislimen in Uia Fnoeli TtcralTilii: 
I8h!), PC- 27Ua.) F. If, O. 

WATSON, UrNTtLK BUROKS (IJ 
18IKI), captain It.N., eldest son of Capiaui] 
Joshua Rowky Watson (irTi-I(SlO), w« 
bom in 1809. He •'uteretl ihc navy in No- 
vember 1821, and was pmmoted to the rank 
of nontenant on 7 Oct. 18:20. He afterwiinli 
aerviiKl un the coast of Portugal and 



n-iHW I 



L 




Watson 



3' 



Watson 



North American station, till in November 
1837 he was appointed to the Calliope fr^ate, 
with Captain (afterwarda Sir Thomas) Her- 
bert (1793-1861) [q. v.] After two years on 
the coast of Brazil the Calliope was sent to 
China, where ahe was actively employed dur- 
inff the first Chinese war. On ti May 1841 
WatBon was promoted to the rank of com- 
mander, and was moved with Herbert to the 
Blenheim ; and while in her was repeatedly 
engaged with the enemy, either in command 
of boats or landing parties. On 23 Dec. 1842 
he was advanced to post rank, and the next 
day, 24 Dec., was nominated a C.B. From 
Fehruary 1846 to October 1849 he com- 
manded the Brilliant, a email fri^te, on the 
Cape of Good Hope station ; and in Decem- 
ber 1852 was appointed to the Imp£rieuse, a 
new 60-gun steam frigate, then, and for 
some years later, conait^red one of the finest 
rtiipe m the navy. In 1&.>1 she was sent up 
the Baltic in advance of the fleet, Watson 
being senior officer of the squadron of small 
Tessels appointed to watch the breaking up 
of the ice, and to see that no Russian ships 
of war got to sea. It was an arduous ser- 
vice well performed. The Imptrieuse con- 
tinued with the flying squadron in theBaltic 
during the cam})aigns of 1854 and 1855. 
After the peace she was sent to the North 
American station, and returned to England 
and was paid off early in 1857. In June 
1869 Watson was appointed captain-super- 
intendent of Sheemess dockyard, where he 
died on 5 July 1860. He wan married and 
left is-sue ; his son. Captain Burn^ea Watson, 
R.N., is now (1P99) superintendent of Pem- 
broke Dockyard. 

[O'Bymo's Nhv. Biogr. Diet.; Navy Lints; 
Gent. Mag. 1860, ii. 217.] J. K. L. 

WATSON, SAMUEL (1603-1715), 
sculptor, was bom at Ileanor, Derbysliire, 
in December 1663. He executed some of 
the fine wood-carvings at Chatsworth, com- 
monly attributed to Orinling Gibbons ^q. v.] 
The dead game over the chimneypiece ia 
the great chamber is by hia hand, and for 
this and other decorations in the same cham- 
ber in lime-tree wood, all completed in 16W3, 
he received 133/. 7». The trophy contain- 
ing the celebrated pen over the door in the 
south-west comer room is likewise his work. 
He also carved the arms in the pediment of 
the west front in 1704 ; the stone carvings 
in the north front, finished in 1707, and 
other decorations both in wood and stone. 
Walpole says that ' Gibbons had several 
disciples and workmen . . . Watson assisted 
chiefly at Chatsworth, where the boys and 
many of the ornameats in the chapel were 



executed by him ' {Anecdotta, ed. Womum, 
p. 557^. But it seems clear, since he made 
out his own bill for the above-mentioned 
works, that be executed them on his own 
account. He died at Ileanor on 31 March 
1715. 
[Redgrave's Diet, of Artiste] C. B, 

WATSON, THOMAS (1513-1584), 
bishop of Lincoln, was bom in 1513 in the 
diocese of Durham, it is said at Nun Stinton, 
near Sedgefield. He was educated at St. 
John's College, Cambridge, proceeding B.A. 
in 1633-4 and M.A. in 1637. He is con- 
fused by Strype and others with John Wat- 
son (d. 1630), master of Christ's College, 
Cambridge [see under Watsos, Joiix, 1520- 
1584], About 1535 Watson was elected 
fellow of St. John's College, where he was 
for several years dean and preacher. There, 
writes Koger Ascbam [q. v.], Watson was 
one of the scholars who ' put so XhtAv help- 
ing hands, as that universille and till stu- 
dents there, as long as learning shall last, 
shall be bound unto iham^ {Scholemnafer, 
od. Mayor, p. 198). Besides .\scham, Wat- 
son had as friends and cnntemporaries Cheke, 
John Hedman,8ir Thomas Smith, and others 
who led the revival of Greek learning at 
Cambridge. They would frequently discuss 
Aristotle 8 Toetics' and IloriicVs '.:Vra 
Poctica' while Watson was writing his 
tragedy of ' Absalom.' Watson's fastidious 
scholarship would not allow him to publish 
it because in one or two verses he had used 
an anapaest ini<tead of an iambus, though 
Ascham declared that ' Absalom' and George 
Buchanan's 'Jephtha' wfre the only two 
English tragedies that could stand ' tlie true 
touch of Aristotle's preccpt.i' (ili. p. 207). 
Watson's play is snid to have remained in 
manuscript at I'ensiiiirst, but it is not men- 
tioned in the bistorit'al manuscriplu com- 
mission's report on the papers preserved 
there (.'ird liep. App. pp. '2'2i sqq^) ; it hos 
erroneously been assigned by ^Ir. r'leay and 
others to John Watson [([. v.], bishop of 
Winchester, and has also led to Thomas's 
confusion with Thomas Watson [q. v.], the 
poet (e.g. Gaiiriki. Harvkv, h orkv, ed. 
Grosart, i. '2-2, L'3, 112, :il8, ii. WJ, 171, 290, 
where the references i. Ill", 218, ii. 83, :?CK) 
are to the poet; and Nask, if'orlg, ed. Gro- 
sart, ii. Co, 73, iii. 187, where the last refe- 
rence also is to the poot). 

In I-VIS Watson proceeded B.D., and in 
1.545 Stephen Gardmer [q. v.], bishop of 
WincheatiT, appointed him his chaplain 
and rector of V\ yke licgis in Dorset ; he is 
also said to have been presented to the 
vicarage of Buckminster, Leicestershire, in 



Watson 



3» 



Watson 



1&I7. lie smIousIj kbetted Gardin«r in hU 
.jwith iheeouncila^t'iitA AUthnritrto 
tlrii^OU' ch*nfr«9 ^unng IC«lTrn.rcl Vis 
ItyfUnd ia Atit) io hflv« bi-an the mcditim 
of ootiiiiiiiiciiit'rn tM.-tw<.-i>n tliv council and 
Oonliuur. liu ib binut'lf staU-d Ui Lavu been 
unpriaoiwd in tbuFbet in 16<i7 for pn.'a<:liiii^ 
at WindiMl«r k|rain*1. two rvfonw-rM, wbn 
tlvfreupon ri)tii)i1siD«d to Somerset imd i^'ir 
William Cnctl, and Io litivi- l)t*nn liU^nilnd 
with OardintfT on Jan. ]'tl7-8: bill thon 
ia no nxviril of bin inipriaonmeiit Iwfnrw 
4 Doc, I.V1O, wh'-ii lie wa* HUtnmoin-d Ijrfore 
tk« priiy council, He wm in ilie FK-et 
priwiii in lh« fullowiiiit your, whi:-u bt- wns 
oailfil (10 ft wiint'ct nt Uardtiior'« trial, a.tid 
«xamin>-<] n* towhi'tlifr the bishop bnd. in 
Ilia MTinoii at St. I'sulV on 'Ji) Juii« I'AS, 
maintaiDfid Lbu autUoriLv of tUx council or 
nai ; he avoided otl'<mcn by deidurinfc that his 
liad U'l-n too far otl' Io ln-ar whnt (Iiirdiinjr 
Mlu\ I /.it. /{^M. n/ IHtrn/ti I'/, p. cviii). In 
tbu vauiv _y«ar b« aMiiUj-d OarJiner in pa- 
parintf hit ' Confiitniio ravillatioiuim,' n 
aecfmd anxwer lo C'mnmor, which was pub- 
liahnl at I'ahA in l'i-V_*. I.>ti niic occoaion 
during thu n^ii^n AVat^on'.i lire ia aaid lo 
have b«>n wivod by Juijii JIOLinb ^tj. v.], Q 
•t:r\'it'r> to which ll'Jtieb uppcalLtl in vain 
vrlx'n brought bvforu Watnon and [{niini^r 
in Sliiry'a rei^fn. On 3 l>ec. Utol Walaon 
v,ti» pruMiit at iL privattf diacucciuii at 9tr 
Uictiard Moriaoii'i hotiaeoR the qucdtion of 
thi! teal prinencL' ; ht5 nrRumrnt i« pruMrn-pd 
in Oiirptw I'hriati iTollrsc, Cunibridgn ( MH. 
103. \>. '250). and is nhridgyjd in Strvpv's' Life 
<irCli.;ke' tup. 77-80). 

On Marys acc»8Nio» Wataon bftcamo on** 
of the chief catholic coiitroreriiali*t9, Hn 
%Atiff. 1S53 he woa aidccK^d to piv-nch at 
Pftul'a Crow, wlieii, to pa'vcnt a ivcnn\'noo 
of Ihi- diaturbancci at Oilbprt Dounio'a sor- 
mon on the pnivious Suiiduy, uiuti) of thu 
privy council and il strong giianl wtsre pr*- 
«vnt. Acrordliijr lo a contcmpomry oHt 
boatiU' ni-wnU'tliT, ' bij< wrnum wh-h neitlior 
eltMpK'nl nnr odifyiiiK • . . for ha meddled 
not with the Gospel, nor with Ibv Ktii«lb.>, 
nor no part of Srnptun;' (Williani l>alby in 
UarLMS. '-iTi'A, t. 111, where the writer iiro- 
coeilii to roport * four or llvu of tho: <A\\at 
poiiila of hia sermon;' Machin, pp, 41, 
SS:!-3; Grtt/friiirt Vhrtitt. p. Ml; \VsiOTIIl»- 
IXT, Chrtm. ii. '1Q\ Chrwi. Qunm Jarw, p. 
VA). WiiLnon'* atirvicea aa a preacher were, 
liowuver, ronstautlv in rcqueal, and he al- 
wavB drew laq^> audicnct** (.MaCKIX, pp. 
12a 131, I.-IS. 166"). On It) .May 1.554 John 
Oawood publi»b(;d at London Wataon's 
*Twoo ootabli^ SonDon.<< made thn ihirde 
end f;fl« Fridays ia Lent hut past before 




the Queueo hi)[hne« conoMninm ihe . _ 

treaeuce of Chriatoe botlTiuid bloodo in tl 
llewted SacraiB«nte.' Itidley wrote aop 
annotat ion* on thrrac ■enaone, which bo mi 
10 Uradford (IIbaumrd, Work*, ti. iKkT-iij 
ItlULcr, Wark*^ pp. 638—40); and Kob 
fnwb-y [u.v.|iu \W» publisbi-d 'A Sen 
Open of the Subtyle hopbbtrie of Tbn 
H atwa . . . which hu uaed in bys i\ 
Sermona . . . ujxm the n>atl prmpiicw,' 1 
don, 4lo. Crowley prints \^'atson's wrmoii 
|MMsas» by paaaaj^, with an answer lo ei 
(cf- Sthtpb, iaw. Mem. tit. i. llo ifflj 
When, ia January IW7-«*, conrocatiou 
t(>miini-i] on the iiublication of a aeritia 1 
expositions of catuolic doetriiio 8om«wl 
fiiniilur to tlm ' liomiltea ' of lo47, H'l 
revi.-'od thu wrmona ho hadpn.-achml at ooti 
in the pr^«ii)UH yi'ar and publtaluKl them 
' Ilolsoino and Cutholyku doctrync conce 
inj;« llio Sfvfn HacTomonts of Cbrrsti 
Churclm . . . sf^t fortlw in the maner 
S!i"r[ Svrroons.' Tfjo roytJ license to He 
hen Calf V, th.^ iirint^r, was datt<d JtO Apr 
I5r.« ( r^iid. MS. yw, f. aOl'.l, and the Qn 
edition api>i>«rt'd in JiiiieT'iilowini;: a sefon 
edition followed on 10 I'vh. l-ViS i\ and 
Ihird (dvacribed 111 thn ' Uriti^ Miuuu 
Catali^uv'aa lbu tirst) in ihu sumo mantl 
They were repriuled by Fatbar T. E. Brii 
gvii in 1S76 <1>ondon. hvo). 

M««ttwliilv. on Jo 8upt. l-j->3, Watson wi 
commiMiABed by Uardiot-r, as cbano-llor 
Oanibridj^e L'nivcnity, to inquire into tl 
religicwi r-iindilion of tho collugtw (SntTfl 
I'ttrker, 1. r<J-3], and threo davR later 
wail iidinitted master of St, John's, L«vi 
l^avin^ fliil bi'vond aeas; he wa.^ create 
I).I>. HI the following year. In the convi 
ration that mrt at St. PauI's on 23 Oc 
lo'),'! \Vnl9on stn^niiouxly ti))b<.-ld the llomai 
catholic inl(!r])rotatiDn of the real prttacne 
nt^iuFt James lladdon [q. v.] and othe 
(part of the dijipiitalioii ia pre*Brv«d in liar 
AfS 41^2. IT. 38 will- : cf. PiiiLi-or, HV<v, 
IBS ; Disojj, //iV. iv. 7ft '•qn-) On Ik Xoi 
hu WAS pneeentcd to the douiiery nf Dnrhan 
iiiftitcceMiDn to I'obert ]lome( 1610?- If 
ft|.v.J In.\prillMlhc'wa«MntloOrfor[llfl| 
uieputo with C'ranuicr, Itidtey, and Lilimer^l 
ana on tbo I4tb was incorporated ll.D. in 
that univoraity. Ili* alao look pert in tha 
iirorciidiu^fl againftt ] looper and Kogvra, at 
le said to have ur^-d Gardiner to arrast D 
Edwin Sanih's [q. v.j, ai^erwanU arcbbibhod 
of York. He n>Hitrn«d iJie m8.5lership of S 
John's in May irKi4, and on -JS Aug. l-'«.1 
wflj presented to the rftctorv of Bechin^wal 
All I^ainta (IliiiER, xv. 44jy On 7 !>« 
IfiWi Mary isaiied ft lic^'n-ii:- for fiUin); up tl 
s«c of Lincoln, rendered vacant by ihu mc 



'atsort 



33 



■ Watson 




latioQ oT John Whim (Uill-1504) [q.T.] to 
WioctiMivr ; Wilson via elected, ud on 
Um 34th of th« same mootb was (mu)t«l tbe 
lamponlitiM of the nee. Thr pApiil ball nf 
coniinnation wu dated 21 March Mt'iO 7, 
hat the hUbop was not ronixvraied until 
15 Augiiat. In the iiitt-rvul Wat!K)o wu 
OAC of thr drlf'Saten anpoinliHl hv CunlinjJ 
I'ole to vUit Ciunhriup- I'liiirentlviii Js- 
Duarj loTiO-T; the viKiiution wu di^nced 
br tlie triul mnd condeuinationflahpreticsof 
tb» dnul Buc«T ami Fn^iii*, and by the «x> 
Ikumatirm and biimingof tlielr hodi'-s ( l^iHD, 
IX-cuinentt, l91'(< ; CoofBIt, Annala of C'mn- 

\Wtvon is raid (Gib, Sit'mieUian Ctrrpy, 
I«w. p. 30) to hore bren llm firtit RiilTctnT 
for i\di^iQn under KUtubclh, uid to hare 
bi?»*n confined to his liouse for ]m-arhin|{ an 
iocftutinus «frniuii nt Quwn 3Iary"s funeral ; 
but \Vat«fiu in hvTV cunfusijd with John 
Wliilf, hishop of Winehesler. WotNom wm 
abumt ihroufrh ill-health froni tht> parlia- 
Toent which met in J«niiari' liV>8-9, but he 
look a ur^itnincini part in the di'bntc on roll- 
n lirldin tht! choir of WmtminMer Abbey 
thf tnominii of .1 April. The eonfercnctf 
ik« ilimn livrvuse Sir Nicholas Uacon, nLo 
ded, in^iKT^d that tlii? Roman cetboUcs 
Sbniild bppin the diM^uwioii. Tbey refusod, 
and *th«- two pood bishofM ^\V«t*on and 
MTiite"!. infiatned with ardent seal forOod, 
nid most boldlr that " they would not con- 
•cnl nor pytr cfiaoge their oninion froiD any 
foar," Thfv wre nn^wered that this waa , 
(bo will of the quMiit and that tbey would 
i» punish^ for their diaoIxHiience' (Coi. 
Staff Pnp*n; ^Vnetian, 1&58-W. No. fiS). 
Tlifj w(?r<> at nncv nrrvsttd and Kent to the 
Tmwct (M»rins-, I}ian/,p. 102; W'RiornBu 
i.rr. ('Aran. ii. 1+4; ^^tin'eh Lettrrn, i, 13; 
Aftji P.C. TJi. ;»; State Papn-*, Doia. ElU, 

iiifia). 

Camden's alory, n-nwtpd by Strype and 
others, that tlw two bisliopa ihrtNiti^ed to 
cxcummtmirnto Elizabeth, uas beett diapUted 
by Koinnn catholic biMorians. The incident 
on whirb it is probablv ba^cd a niporttHl by 
Iho \'enp| tan ambaaMulor. White ' aaid " the 
Di'w method of olficiattnt; wtw luiriitiral and 
srhi'mat ic." Then iber r)!p1iiri!''i9> thrquc^n 
iMrrvticul and whiMnutic?" And thus in 
anger thrr sent him bock to tho Tower' 
{<•«/. State Papers, \'enetian, 1/Mlft-W), No. 
83V I" Jun* Watwo waa released, and 
allowed ten daysUi decide whecht-r be would 
lal, ((... ,„-w nath of rapr«inacy. lie re- 
fi n rh<i Stith waj deprived of the 

hi- Lincoln (MiCHi.f, p. 201 ; Ca/. 

*■ ', f.j.rrj; Simuncaa i. 7y, SJ, Vanetian 
15r>--.Ht, S». i)l). He woa •{,'aiucoiiiiiutled 

T6t. IX, 



! tu thu Towar on ^ May 1600. In May 
1663 he was bmnf^I befam the eeclMiaaticaJ 
' commUaioDert, but remained steadfast io 
hLs refuMl to take the oatli. On G Sept. 
foUowint: he was handed over to the custody 
of (irindal, bi»hop of I /indon, because of the 
plague, aud a month latLTWBHtrannf'.-rnMl to 
the keepinff of Cose, thu bishop of Ely. (hi 
9 Jan. fritM-S he wiu oncu ui>>ru com'mitled 
to thn Tower {Acts P. V. rii. !«!>. On 
6 July 1<'J74, being tht-n in the Marsbalsea, 
on l^ivin^ a bond not t>> ' iodiicv any ono to 
any opinion or act to be done contrary' to 
thv laws established in the rvnini for caoses 
nf TCligion,' hi: was irannfBrred to tho cuft- 
todv of his brother John Wiitsou. n citicen 
of London iLrmttt. .\ta: O.W. f. iHfJ . Act* 
P. V. viii. L>ft4l. Tlirt'e ytars IbI^t the 
council accused him of ahusiuf^ bia liberty 
by MuflVrinfT i^vil-diaposed pcr^ns to Tvaort 
to hitu, aud b> uvrvurltn^ them in religion, 
which confirms hods statement that," white 
Bishop Watson lived, be was consulti'd aod 
rugaraetl ju the cliirf aupenorof the Engliah 
cstbulic elergy, and. aa uu-afihUconGiieinent 
wriiihl pi-rmit, exerciM-d tbt; fum^ioiia of his 
character.* He wnsaccordin^lr, on I'^'July, 
committed to the custody of thi> bi*hop of 
"WincliMiiT, being allowed liis own Itotnan 
catholic attendant, " uppon consideraoiou 
that it is less dainf^r to K-tt onr ntrcidy 
corrupled then a sound poreoii to altcnd 
upp-oj) hira ' {til. K. US). In .Iiuiuary l/i78-», 
at the bis bopof Winchester's re<)Uu6l,WatKOtt 
wax triiniifiTrvd to tlivki-cping of l|j« lualiop 
of Kochester, He now entered inio comj- 
spondente with Douni, and thi*. coiipU-d with 
tnv invasion of the jeauit.i and miseionary 

rrivsU, led to sererer roeasiirea against him. 
n Aujrust 15S0 he VM committinl to cloM 
ki-epiiia; at \Vi«bot,;h UiiHile, where biii re- 
maiiiiTig ddys were embitl«rcd by the (juarrel 
betwiNin thu jiwuits aud noculars which d<N 
T«lopvd into the famoua archpriest contro- 
vrrsr. Wntaon died nt Wi*iiecli C'aellc on 
27 ^■pt. 1-584, and mat buried in Wistrixih 
pnriflh church. 

Watson was perhaps, after Tunslall and 
Polo, the greaU^t of Queen Mary's biahopa. 
I>e Feria described bim in 1559 as *more 
spirited and learned than all the w»u' (lod- 
wiu and Strypv rvfer to him a> * an austere, 
or ratlmr a sour and churlish man.' The 
atisterity may hi' tjiken for granted, but the 
glofii \» dill? to iwU^iiiu." aiilipatliy. jVtchaiB 
snoke warmly of \S'Btiu3n's rHt-ndship for 
him, and boru high toxtimony to htH ncholar* 
•hip. Besides the works aheady mentioned, 
Watson is credited with a translation of the 
first book of t bo ' I tdyiiwT,' which i,i now loat, 
and a nitdering of a aermon of St, Cypriaa 

u 



g: 



wlucli is mtant ta Cambridge Uoivvniiy 
Librarr M8. KK. 1. S, uU 17, uil in linker 
MS. xii. 107. A trcntifii! irnLillinl ' (.'urtiTiwt 
£xper)nientH ami Mi«liciriis«," •■xlaiil in llril. 
Mm. AMit. MS. Gl>, an. I, is ascribed in an 
mlmoct coutemporary hand to ^VatDoii, mid 
hU'Disputntion^' at London in lC•^3nnd at 
Oxford m 1 V>1 are p™ited in Fose's ' Aot« 
uat\ MonamDnts.' The collections on tlio 
liisbopt) of DiirliuiD, nMi^ned to dim by Taa- 
ni>r and txtanl in Oottotiian MS, Vit«Uius 
C. ix., arc roallj- by Clirielyi'bvr NVutMO [q.ir.] 
[An elnborat* lifo of Wiiisijti U pnjfis*d liy 
the Iter.T. E. Briilgctt to hi* rrjinnt nf "'dt^ftti's 
Utflwtneabd C'lUii'lvk' Dndnne, lS7r>,.-tnil ik 
■spaitdod in Bridfnii and Ktiox':< St->rr of iliu 
fXtlifilic Hiwfftrehy ilfpn»«l l.y Kli/nWih, IHSW, 
pp. 120-207. 8«e »l>o nutboHtira citod in text 
and in Coopor'a Alhenn Cantiibr. i. 491 ; a fo' 
luMiliniinl >'i)cu are coutain«d in th« reoMttly 

iil-liiJiixl AcUnf Uio Privy Council, IMR-Sl; 

!a). StaU) Papors, Sininnui, vol. i., Venetian, 
1JiS8^0; Dixon':) Hi«t. of the Ctinrch; and 
OW" Ktiiu.l)etlui(i ClBiny. 1898.1 A. K P. 

WATSON, THOMAS (IflftTP-lSyS), 
poet, ae-cBoa to fidve tiwn bom in London 
about IflSr. Accordina to Anllionyii Wood 
fa*i itpi^nt »ovav part of hi* yoiiili ht Oxford, 
but his collo):\' tliere luLtnnt be-on idenlitied. 
Tl)(?n.- wHH >x Tliomea Wat«ou, of a good 
SVoro'stfrsliin- fiimilv, wlio nuitriculat«d 
fniia Si. Mary Hall oil it^ May 1680, aptd 19 
{Oxford f/niu. Rtp. Uxf. Hint. Soc. II. ii. 63), 
but Ilia identity wilb itiv povl «vvu)* doubt- 
ful. At. thii iiuivfr*ity. according to Wood, 
lio ooRupitMl bimiHc-U', ' nut in lu^ic and phllo- 
iphy, US b» ntiglit to liavn done, but in tbe 
|0ptli and pleasant atudies of poetr>- and 
■oe, vhurvbv he ohtiiiniMlan noti'xirablH 
UBOtlf^ tho (rtudenls inlhoBH facullies.' 
Theclasvica formed !ii<! cliii.'f iilmly. sud be 
became a elouicnl scholar of notAhIi« nlluin- 
mOEta. But be l^^ft tbe^ uniyeraity Hi'lihout 

• d^^e, and, ml^atinf; to [xtnrlon, nd- 
dreeaed bimielf to tliu law. Ho i) faid to 
bare joini'-il an inn of court, and be usually 
deflcribefi (limself in Lis publications as ' L*iu- 
din«nHi» JurU Sfmliiwm' (or'I, \'. Stud.'), 
but his rnnn.Trion witlt tbp legal prafeasion 
aeeuis to bave bwn nominal. Ili.'< main 
intoftv*!^ in lifp wi^ru litcmrj', In his early 
days bo w 0.4 not, be t<>lh U", 'minded ever 
to'havc ••mbolden''*! hinifl-^lf so for ba to 
iliruiit in foot amon^t our English poets.' 
But lie designed n seriM of ori^nal DO«R>s 
and LrauaUlion;^ in Latin voree, an<l ciosely 
studied Italian and French poetry. For the 
gmtiOeatioa of him^df niid a few nynapa- 
tbelic frieuda ho turned J'etrarcli'n Mmnela 
into l.atiu, nod be wrotu a Lut'iii poem Cftlk'd 

* lie lienwdio Aiijuri.i-' Other of hi» early 




l^tin verses dealt with * Tli« Love AbuMS 
of Jnppil«r.' Tbc«o piece* wott only circn- 
Inted in tDanuacripl. None wen MAl to 
j)r«aa, and tbey hare disai 

In lo@l ^Valsoll vi^lwl I'arU, and 
aptitude fur Latin verfut itained hiui 
too admiration of one Stephen Broal 
a jurist and Latin pool of i..(ilo|^e, who 
also TiaiCing Parin. In Paiis, too, he 
to have met Sir Fmnein Walsta^ham, who 
wot there on a diplomatic mission in the 
sumnw of lom. W«leiTij;ham showed an 
iDterMt in 'Wat«on"« literary endearoti 
and after his doath Waiiwu r<^calle4 how 
'tunea' dt-lif^btod thu ears of Sir Fran 
white both werv sujuiiminf^ on the ha 
of th« Sfini;. IWore ^^'alHMI tdit !■' 
Broelmann addnaaed to him some La 
wlv^iac*, uri^nfi; bim to publiab hi» 1 
work. Thn result wa.i Waison'a fiwt publ 
cation, a t>tttin trantlntign of Sophocl 
'Antigone.' It wiw liocnsed bytbi'Sintioni' 
Company Co John Wolfe on 31 July \.lt 
(COLLIRR, Extracts from Rtg, o/Statio'tri 
Com^t>/,ii. U9, od. 1849). Th« titlooftb 

fublubed book runs: 'fiophoclis AntijtoDe. 
ntorprutu Thoma Wat^ono, ]. V. siudioco, 
Huic adduntur tJontpit! (|iuedam, ex •■ 
TTa{fa>dtn-'a<-tij(i<3riuiittG: >Vpofiteaa,tot 
Tbiinata S.-TiCentiM r»f«rtii«inia; 
Thoma Ws(Jinnx> .\nlhore. I>ondini 
cudebat loliaonus Wolfiue, 158].' Tlu? 
dicAlion wax addremed to I'hilip Howa' 
aarl of Arundid. There are commondat 
v«w«hy Philip Harrison. CbrUtopher.' 
ann, and '^ViIliatn CHnidi''n the nutiqua: 
The 'Pooipse' at the end of the vol 
w«rt' allceoricnl description? of virtues 
vices of WaitoD*«owii invention. Tin* t\ 
* Tb«uuita ' went akklfulexercise* in diSe 
kinds of Latin vurMsuch as iambics, 
phics, aiiapEPJtic dimotcrs, and chariaml 
UKlvpiiideuu metre. 

Tlionirforl li WniMn identifittd 1i! 
witli th*j nroffssidu of letters, allhou^ 
alwuj* :itViicl(il somelhin); iif hiit ori 
attitudeof agitiitlemanamal^iir. He 
H prominent Iikur- in the lilerarr sooii 
London. In John Lyiy, th« anthor 

fihues/ and in Deorgi.* I'eele. the 
ic found ivurm admirers and devote<1 
U^ once Miippcd with Na«h iit thu K 
iiead in t'lieuit^ide, and lauglted with 
satirist over dabriel fLirvuy's p^an' 
Ue contribviii-d eoinmuiKlnt-iry vi^rMMtot 
books iMued in la(^:J: English verses bv him 
In ballad metre prefuced (.iwrgo A\ het- 
etone's' Heptaniemn,' and a denutiichun np- 
L)«ared in Cnri^topherOcklaode's * .\nuloruni 
Pro-lia.' He »iill mainiained clo»e relation* 
with ii^ir Francis ^^'aIfiingham, 



Alkis 



3. 



:iooe rciaiioos 
, and camv to | 



Watson 



Si 



Watson 



Blew*. ' 
lerasting 

•IHTI^ 111- 



koow bis Mm-iO'lfew, Sir I'hiUp 8idw>,\ , and 
ollwir itMmben of ih« Alsi««iiiaii'A bmily ; 
but bU pKtrona »piill; grt^rc in numb'^r, and 
oltiTuatiilT inctuiltfil iiiniit v( thw tavn vt cul- 
ture at Elt»bt^Eli'ri court. 

WiUvon* ■■ " ■ " '!'"« in Engliab vvtw — 
tbftl. 'wiu pti jnrulily- wftslicenacd 

fcr tbe pn»£ : t..^;.<.lCawoud oa ttl Marcb | 
158?, undvf tli>> tiil>> of ' \\'at«oii'fl L*ik»«ii>n«, 
inaBift»UBi{i> tbo ime irrazj of l'>ve.* It na^ ' 
fiooD «n«rwBr(U puMiftlieJ a.^ ''Kkatomtii- 
BlA.or PuiionBUiCiiitunuuf Louk, I>iTidi-d 
into two part*: wlierwtf, thelir.1 npivAM-ih , 
the AatboursAuneranctiinLouc; tbi- tntttT, 
hi* toQg fiintwvll (ti Ij}uv uiul ull lii« tv- 
nmue, CntnpoBed hv Thnniaa WaiMit, Clcti- 
tlaUMi; an') publ»l>mlnt tb^' n.-i|UvM ufcer- 
lainc G'^iirlenK^ bis v^rv fVend^-')' (blnck . 
lMl«r>, Lontlon, 4to fl^*^]. A. wrt-xx ccpy 
9f tbp nrvTuliini^ism theBritiah ^EitNeiim: 
In ' : r rfi.-ctr.i]>if5arc tiiown tcl'. IfiitA 
I '.\ \X llrilwfll arf> two popieA, 

-' -iniWbvr imporfect. Ocorgv . 
iiM-rowtiuroftV-latlercoBy, 
., -.^-.iiil itDperr^c: copy with i»- 
msnuAcript uoti'^t "f cutrly dale, I 
tnember of tbc l\iniwull>!i frtmily. i 
i 'ibii Mitfurd Iq. T.~ii<:quiml : bo | 

: III \\u: '(iiintlumnn'i Ala^iunr ' | 
i. I'.tl). In tUy HarlcUn .MS. 3l';7 
- >->«>(jjhl of till! Iiiinilmi! povras iiri> trnn- i 
Bcnlml in a inxit.'ontb-crntiir\' hand under 
(he lill", 'A L/>()kiii« jfliiMo f'jr Lovt'n?.' 
^^ jt.iin's '' ¥.mTOfijra0u\ was dfilicntod Irt 
'u. iJiLtl ofOifonl. JoluiLyly coiitribulvd 
a jir-bu- i^pisi U- tif (•omincndttliou ' to tbe aii- : 
(hoar bi^ fntrud,' and umun)! writers of lauda- 
;■ iivT. AtbrWy.Slntlhi'nr Kin'diiii, 

i- ■ IWl". Tbtre ir » pri'liminary 

'\ .iLiuiii, but tbi.- |aH>mH l)iHl 
< :bii niitlior rall.« tboiii ft>>n' 
fi)jblf>en lines (iiisti^tid of 
IKH'tn is ti!rm«d a ' luiuioii,' 
i liya proAO notp trxplniuin;; 
I I lettm;! forlb llm literal 

:>t tiiiu I'hnxi^bout I bu prusv 
- is referred to in tbe tbird 
;< r- I , ull doubllmwcaiurfnim Ilia 

. m II jM-n. 1 in' ciulxiral'- aftfftrntuJi i-ritH^" 
1 . r,t:nii= th.' impri.'^sion piven intenioUy by 
v^lvKn, fhut ihfv r«llirct no 
, and an* mcri'ly dexterous 
•( clnssirAl nr cno«u>m Trfncb 
jxv^mi' TIk- -wiiltb of \VB:»n>n'» 
■ Tttd from llic; fnet lliai 
arc, itccordiii^ to bis 
riug^i fnim Pwtraruh; 
nodi-ll' AquilaU-Wi'^ 
J>"||, iJiir ■ ii-ii Injiu SlnxiEa, nnttther 
[Tilriiii port, anil from Konsant ; tlin-*.' 
Ir<ii:i llif Italiai) puet A^ni'du Fin-nsiiida 



(Uf>-1-I54e'); two caeli fmm tlit Fnmc 
po«t Kt.ienun Fonradrl, hnown ajt Fotva> 
tiUuH UM4 S1&T>1), lliGi Italian Girolaaio 
I'nmliotfcu ( ^. It'iit^t, and .'3'^ww Sylriusj 
■vrkilo many paraphnM puaacoi from sutuL 
nutbon w {iitnotig ihv Orwka) SophoolcSj 
Th<.-«cHtiifi, .A pntloniim of IthotlM (author of 
thv vyic ' Aruonanliua'): or (among the 
liAtiti^) Virjfil, Tibiillns, Oviil, Iloract', I'ro- 
wrtiiia, .Svneca, l'Iia>, Lucan, Martial, an<1 
\ nli-riii« l'liit;cii<i ; iir ^auiong ofli<>r tuod«ni 
Italian.'^) Aii^<-lo Pnlixianu 1 1 l-^t 1494 > anil 
IbtpttMtu HttntuamiAt U4S-l.>!(i l: or (amoiij_ 
olb'jr modomFr('ncbnii-n)1iurriL<-iiiH St.'piniM'' 
of Sntiuiiir, in'ritirr of Lnliii f!cl<)|;iu-fi aflvr 
tb(> manner of Virgil and MantuaniiA i,1.i:b, 
Li/f if SAaAi^fiearr, p. \(Xi n, 1). 

In I'^fcl WatAon pavo new proof of hii at 
precinlinn of linliao Iiteniturw and bis apli- 
ludp for I.nliii Ti?r»* br piibliiihiiiji ii tmn^ 
lation (if Ta»;o*ti pimioral druniu 'Aminta* 
in Latin l>exain<^(*?rs, Tli>r title mu ; 
* AinvntAM Tbomn> Watsotii Londiut-niia 
I. \'. .SEiidiosi. Kxcudebat li^iiricua Maivh|J 
I'xaasi^atioiK' Tbomic M&r?b,' 1on% 16iuo.| 
Tlii» wa« dvJicaiod to ibu Elizabutbail 
courtier ilenry N(w-1, yvha was (><pmliy wolf" 
known ae a oiR'ndllirift and a mu>iciuu ~(«q 
iiudnr Norr^ Sir AshhewI Td tin.' knidv 
[Mitnm ^Vataandedictitodapliitnsiipliir trn- 
ti>»- in Ijitiii pivi*' (111 Illy nrl of m^-raory va- 
litlcd *Conap>-ndiiiiu Mt-morine Localise' of 
this work nil inn>crfect copy — witlwut oulo- 
pboii and cndinjif with tlic first page of th« 
tifloinitb L-baptcr bilongc'd to Iu'M.T,aud is 
now in Mr, Lllirisi ie-M iller's library at Brit- 
vrvM: ntt ulbur copy lioa beeu tne.' with. 
NkI! y<''>r Wat A)n pnlili-ibiHl a itrirond Latii 
translurionfroin tbt' (irvuk, 'Coliitbus: Rup 
til* IU'I«iMr, Tiio, WutioiiiH I^ndineniiis,' 
l^ndt>n, 1'>H(!, Jin. 'Hiik waa dodicat*!)! to 
till* I>itkt> of NortlioRilM.'r)and, Thn'o yoara 
Intt-r Watson conlribntoii a *HMastichon' 
loHibert Lirwnf'uromimce* ("ice roiiis Amor' 
(loMVli. 

Mvauwhilo, In 1-Vi7, "Wateuu had tb« 
nioTlilication of witOHiwiDK thw piihliratiuu 
of an unuathorised Enptiidi tranelatiuo of 
hi* Latin remun of TiuuicrH * Aminta.' Tb« 
Knfflisb tninslalor, Abmhata Fraunce [(), T.l 
maa« no mention of \VBt«on, Frniinces 
work proTpd moTvi populur tluiu Walwirii, 
and bt> printed it fur a fourth tiwe in ir>'.)), 
lofi'.-lliiT wilh a e<«-00nd orijnnal Kti(;liHb 
trunslaiion by him&olf of Ibe Italian [wui ; 
Fratinc^'s volunto of 151)1 borv the genera] 
lilU- of "The Countexs of I'cmbrokc'fi Ivy- 
chun;U,' There for thi* limt tium Fruiin<^p 
luudo, in a imifntorv aontrncc. a lardy and 
iiii'owplKle atknortfeilffiu'-nt of lii« tU'Iit to 
WaiMiti: ' I havu Aomowhat altered S. Tae- 

»3 




Watson 



a« 



Watson 



ftoes Italian iikI M. WaUons Lstine " Amyn- 
tts " to mike them both on^ l^nglish.' Nnah, 
in his preface toGrecnc's ' Memiplioii' ( 1 liSQ), 
howevur, bigbly coinrm-titlud ' tliB uxcellent 
traimliition of Master ThomM Wntmn's 
migued "AmyutHs"' by ' iiwmiI Muter 
FnMtof' InldlWsome Latin odi^s by Wat- 
KHi wen prefixed 1o ^'•llan>I's ' Tuk< <if 'I'wu 
SwamtM,^ with an Eni^lish tranxUlioii by 
THniioe. 

M'atson won deeply int«r«st«>d in music, 
ftnd wo-i on icnna olintimacywitbtbe cbief 
QiiLoiciaiu of Uie day- In IMHI theiv ap- 
peared a book of iDusir cnlli'd 'Tbo Gr»t st>tt 
of Ituliim 3Iadn|^lls Kiigltilie<l, not to ibe 
iM-nur of (he ori){!nal diltiL', hut after the 
afl'ection of tlia Noatu. Ity Tbomas \Vat^ 
BOB, t)i<ntl<.<ruan. Ttierv am aUo beem iu- 
Mrt^d two t>xot^llent Hadri^iIU □■f Marter 
Williatn Byrd, compOMd anur iLk Italinii 
voine, ut toe raqiiest of the aard Thomas 
Watson.* London, ir^ (Bril. Miw. i Hutb 
Libr. ; BritwellV The Tolume ih dirided 
into six partai eaob with n st^pnrate tille-psKe, 
li^tfed retfpcctively, ' Siitk-ritis/ ■ Modin*,' 
' Tenor,* ■ Contru-Teoor,' ' Baasiis,' and ' Jwx- 
lua.' Ilefore each part is plact-d a dedica- 
tion in IfStin ologiacs by n'nitxin 10 tbe 
Earl of 1-^ex, as well as a Latin eulo^- 
in the nme metro on tli« culcbralud Italian 
oompuwir LucJt Mart-nxin, wttonn miuuc was 
Tery IrtotIv repri'sented in the book. The 
words of Wntson'i- madri^lii am aomuwhat 
balling ; tb*'T luive not lioen reprinteil. 
Another proof of Watson's musical interests 
•pp«ant in a imi-in hy him liwiiled 'A 
Orfttificni.ion unto Mr. John CiL'e for his 
loamed Iloolce luti^ly mado in tho prayex 
of iluMclt.' Accordiiipto Mr. W. (!. IlmJitt 
theM veraes were fir»« printed in bnwidside 
form in I0K6 (in which yuar Dr. JolinC'a«o's 
* Ptuiee of Moiicku ' was publithtKl) a« ' A 
SoDif in Commendation of thi! author of the 
PratsQ of Muaickw. S*-t by W. livrd.' Tba 
•orliMt fomi in which they now wem 
•ooe«ih1e ia in a manuHcript volume tnuis- 
CCiImkI by John I.illiibl, foriwrly in I [(•iirn'*'t< 
TKWeMion, now among Dr. Kawlinson'ji cnl- 
lection ill the Bodleian maniiacripl»< flawlin- 
■on, i'oet. 14'?: reprinted in Iiriti»\ Ilittiii'- 
grapKer, W. &JU, ed. I8li, and in Arbeu), 

It waa in IJ5iK) that Wati^in'n patron, 8ir 
Fnnins W'ulsiDffbaiu, diMl. Hu lami^-nted 
hi* daath in a Latin etof{y in hexametem. 
This waji dt'dicatud to Sir Krancie's L'DUHts, 
TbomaK WalMnghum, under the ttHe, ' Mtc 
IibcBii.4 Thome Wai/^om five, Eclof;a jn 
Ob'tiitB Honomu<«iini \'iri, Domini Fmnfisci 
Wal^iDghnmi' (London, l/iOO, 4to, Brit. 
Mus,) Mindful of tba niArch that Fraunco 
bad stolen oa blm ta regard to bia * Amjutas/ 



11^ 



Watson publishi'd an KngUsh translation 
bia new ij^y under the t itie of ' An Egl 
upon tbe Death of the Bi^t Honorable 
l^mnciv Walain^ibara, lat« pHuvipall ^- 
tario to her Muesiie, and of oer 
llunoiirablu I'riviu Couucell. Written 
in latinc hy Thoinnn Wat»oii, (irnllt 
and now by bimselfe tmnslat«d in Kn^li 
MuMismendtcantibtutinHohat'AfKiMrui'tl 
don, 1&fX),-lto). ' T interpret myiwlf,' W 
ROQ iofonned his readers, ' l^t Meli~ 
in spealtinfrF.nf;lishbyanotbi-r manMaboi 
Dbould lee«4» toy name in his cbaunffe as my 
.\mTntaH did.' The Kngtlah versiau wai 
dedicated to Walsingham's daugbtur Fraoeeti 
widow of Sir Philip Sidney. 

W'&tcon Beema in bis lost vBani to ha' 
been *impIoyed by Williiun ('ornwalli* I 
of Sir Thomas Comwallis [q. t.], romprroi: 
of Qneen Mary's hoiiM'hold, and uncle of 
Sir William Pomwallis (d. lICll ^) [(i, t,J 
author of tbe ' Essayec'). AValson af 
to hare given tuition in literaiuiM; to 
Uom Comwalljs's eon, and to have bevn 
aifeclionute terms with his pupil (cf. 
Ma<t. If^'X i. 491). \U nuirned ike vu 
of another «if William Cornwallis's retaine 
Tboiniia Swift, At tht' close of Waif 
lifv IiiH bnithnr-in-lnw and colli^agut- Sv 
endeavoured to win the affDCtiona of lIiB 
maater's daughlirr. Wnt«on enconraffed tb« 
intrifttii- ami indured hix pupil to further j 
After WaisonV death the facts came to 
knowli-dp- of the ladv's fathrr, who, fill 
witli indif^iacion, laid them before L 
Burahley (lo March loHJi). William (.^in-' 
wallis charged '\>'n.t8on witli having forjied 
Mime of tbe encouriigioj; letters that bi« soa 
and danjthterwereroprestfnti'dtobare written 
to Swift. WbIsuii, Comwallis declar 
' could devise twenty fictions and knavi 
ill a play w'"* wiu his duilv practyst 
hi* living' (.^Ir. Hnh<^rt Hall in AU 
2» Auj. I(*e0). Xo dramatic work 
Watson aurrivps, njutrt, from bis ' 
of Sopboclea' 'Antigone' and of Ta 
pastoral drama, although Mt>re« reckons hinr 
with VixXv., Marlowe, and Hhakcspenre ua 
among ' the best for tragedie.' 

The poet swms to be identical with tba 
'Thuuiiia WalAOii, gcut, who wn» buried in 
thu church of ftl. Hartholoinew the lean ' on 
•^ Sept. 16&3 (CoLUBli, B&lioffrapl 
C'ltnltyw, ii, 490). 

Two ToluBses of 'Watson's rerso app 
noslhumously. Dn 10 Nov, l&ii'i VV lUiam 
Ponsonhy obtaineil a license for an original 
pastoml poem ia Latin by Watson, entitled 
'.\mint*'^ Oaudlia. .\iithoPft Thoma 
aoiio, Londinensi, iuna Studloao. \A>t 
Impeasis Gulibolmi I'oiuoubci, 169^.' 




eau ' on , 




Watson 



3J 



Watson 



vu dedii«KHi to Mary, couDtMS of Pem- 
faroktf, Sir Philip Sitlney'ii nUter, by a writer 
signing himself ' C M." wlio deeply lamt-nl^d 
Watsnn'E kcl'hI duatli. fht) initiul« luivo 
Ifwn vrrr doiilitfully inl<ri'r.'lt-il *.* Oliriftt<v 
flher Mnrlowe, Tbe pwm ie in IieiatDctvnt, 
and is divid*^ into fivn ' i-pwlolw,' 

JIiiaIIv l)i«rf> appeared a serial nf sixty 
gonnetn in reeiilnr ni«>tn> in Enjflinh iindrr 
the title of 'Till* Tears nf Kancii*, or Ij07b 
I>tH)aiD«d,' LAudon, for VVillinm FWley, 
lAQS. John DanlvT obtainud a licvnse for 
llw publication on 1 L Au^. 1.595. The only 
kniin-n copy is in the Britwell Library, but 
ii wants two iHTaacoataioingL-i^hi aonneu 
(Noe. 0-lH). 

WtttHon is rppreaented in moat of the 
poetical tni>'CeIlnnit<« of tb» fnd of lh>^ xix- 
tv«ntli cciniin," and ^rly years of the seren- 
Uenth century- In tbe ' I'haenix N«t' 
(I'SHS) tbcr« arc thrw pnrVirtiirtSy nnpnb- 
luhed poems by 'T. W., gent,' of wbicb the 
first i»an English rendering of a paunffc from 
"WaiAdri'ii ' AmyntM.' In * Knglanda Ueli- 
poii ' (100(1) an five poHnis, of which only 
one was now; thia was e>uperscrilMHl 'Tho 
niniph'^ nif9tini( tlinir May tjUM'ne, enter- 
t«ine hrr with this dittie.* In another poi'tU 
ealcolleclion, Davison's' Pot-l icnl liimiwodii",' 
itlOi^, I'-n po<'inJi areqiititMl from the ' 'E«o- 
ro^fru^ui.* \S''alHQnV name figures amonu I h« 
authors whow works Rr>> ijunli-d in HcK!.-n- 
hatn's ' IV-I vt>dl^re,ortht! (iarJen of i he Muaes ' 
(ltKX>>. A simdar book of poi^ticwl quota- 
tions, known a«'EaglaDd'ePams««iia*( 1600), 
irivM twelvH exiracta from Watson, all frum 
th* ' 'ExnTD^iruAo. 

W'alson'e viiree lacks pnssion, but io the 
acc^utnpliabed work of a cullivat«d and well- 
read Hcholur. Ae a Uttinist be statidi fir«t 
among c'>nti-n>|iorHrie*. It is a4a snnnetO«r 
tbM he \«It his chief toark on Engllsb Htora- 
tnn. H« waa tb« Hml Knf(ti4i writer of 
sonnetfi aft«r Surrey and Wvnti. Moei of 
hia sfinnels were publisWd lwfiiri> tboM of 
Sir Philip Sidney, and the pnpidarif y attetid- 
iDff WaiMon's sonn*^t(>'ri))(; ^Hbrts was n 
chief cauitf of thi- exi>_'nd<.'d rogue of thi' 
MOBCt iu Kntflnod ntuont; po«l« and their 
patnom in the last degrade of the sixteenth 
ceniuiT. ^Vatao□*fl sonnvia wvm closely 
atuditJ by Hhak«KpimrM ami othvr contem- 
ponmea,aiul,dnpitp their friglditv and imi- 
tatire iiaaltty, activdly influenced tbn form 
and topic of thn later MDtieta of the century. 
All manner of praise waa bwtow«d on Wnl- 
aon at his d'.ath by hiA feHow pnetfl and 
own of letters, wbo reckoned him tho oom- 
pe«r of Spikoser and Sidney. Harvey in hi.* 
'Four I.<titt«rs* (1S9^) highly commended 
^jl 'ctudious eaae«TOurs in enricliing and 



polishing Ilia native tongue,' rankinff him 
with Speosur. Slanyhurat, Frauuce, Daniel, 
and Noah. In his 'itert^e's Supereroffnlinn 
(1593) Gabriel Ilarvey montiona Watson 
aa * a loarnod and ipillnnt p-nllrman, a 
notable poet;' Naah in bU reply to Harvey 
in 'Have with vnii to Safrroii Walden' 
t,l&I*6), says of Wataon: *A man h« waa 
that i dearely lov'd and honnr'd, and for all 
thing* hath left f«>v his c^uails in Ensland.' 
OtHiri^ I'eelc. in a prologuo to his * iTouour 
of the Ciartcr' (1593), refers 

To Wnlaon, worthy many B^itiiphea 
Far his sweet Poeaie for Aromton Ivarsii 
Andjoyeaso veil set downs. 

Spenser refeis to him as a palion of llio 

poets aa well as a poet liim&elf. In ' ('olin 

Clout'a coine liomu again' (150l>) KutnSKr, 

writ ing of Wataon under tht' iiiuiiu of ' Auiyu* 

ta«,' dvplorea his recent death: 

Amyacaa, tioure of ntiepbeanlH pride fDrlorno, 

He wLitlrHt tiQ liaod waa tlie rutblMt swaias, 

Thai «uor piped la an oat«n unill. 

Both did be other, which ci^uld \>ipt, tnainiaiiUk 

And •![« could ]>ipe UiiiiMlfu witli jmmiag skill. 

AVilliam Gierke, in a work entitled ' Poli- 

mnnt«ia* (1fi9d)[ seems, when rvferring to 
Shakespeare's* vemia and Adonis,' to dub 
Shakespeare ' Watson's heire,' Watson biw 
Ix-^-n doubtfully kk-ntified, too, with ' happie 
Mcnalcaii,' to whntn TlioonoA l*i>dp> (iddroeaed 
a laudatory poem in 'A Fig for Momua' 
(]5d.3j. Francis Mores, in ' Pallodis Tamia ' 
(l.MIH), after hoiiourablu muniionof Watson 
as a Laiiuist, tre«Led him as the i>qua] of 
Petrarch, and duclnred ihal his lAtin piutto- 
rala • Aniyntm (luudiii* and ' MolibaMis' 
weri) wiprthy of comparison with the work 
ofThdocritiis, Virgil. Muntiinniis, and San- 
nazarro. 

Professor Arber edited Watson's English 
pocmft (excluding the madrigala ) in hi^ srriea 
ofEnglisli reprints lu 1870. Another issue 
is datod 18116. 

[Arhrr's tniroduction : Brydgea'a llritish 
Itibliugrnphar, iii. t-17. Csoatira Litanuia, iii. 
33-'5 : Ftiitun's Bibliufcniplua Poetica ; Aathony 
k Wood'M Athfin* Oson, i. am, «d. Bliss; ibe 
[ircsaoC writer's Life of William SbakeKpHirtt, 
1998; nuiit«r'> ntaatuoript Choros Vstum iu 
AddiL MS. 2Um. pp. 34S >«|.J ii. L. 

WATSON. THOMAS (f/. 1086), ejt-cted 
divine, was educated Ht Emmajiuul OoUfgff,/ 
Cambridgv, whoru be was remarkable lof 
hard ■ludy. Afttr miding for iKime tini' 
with the Vamily of Mary, the widow of S 
llorace Vere. Imron Tilbury [q. v.l, he y 
nnpointfldin IfUO to iireoeli at f^t. i^Krph^ 
\\aIbroDk. Duringilie civil war beaW 
himsulf strongly (hrvabyteriau in lu9T 



Watson 



3» 



W*atson 



while dieeovwria^ «ttiehiMtii to the Irinff. 

Hi' joined lh» |>n>*bTt(^ati inuitM<4« id h ' 
rcmonsLrance ro (.foniwt!!! und thi- council 
of wu •((itDai tbtt dutb uf Ctiarloe. la 
lOfil he iMi iupiiMned, with mMUf other 
miniBien, far \ub shue m Love's plot to re- 
cull (7b«rlM II [ma Lots, CttKtnoi'iiRRj. 
After Hoou! tnonuu' inptisnnmeDt Watson 
■fid hti oomimnioiM wera released on peti- 
lioniitg for marcv, und on -^ Jum* 1fifi2 hff 
WB» formal Ij-rvinst at ed vit-arof St.Stepten'B, 
WftlbroDk. Hv obtained t:T»at fiiUL' and 
impulArity &• preacher unlil I \iv KniomLioti, 
when h« wa« ujccU-d for ntincouf-'naily. 
TfotwithtiiandJo^ tbu rigour of the nets 
K((fiiiut dtuenters, Wataon ooDlluiied U) 
exiTcise littt miiiiiitri' privnti'lT aa be 
found iniiiurlunily. tn Imli, nfli-r thw fin* 
of Liindon, liko seveml olher iHinonfor- 
lusto, liw tillvd up m large phiiw f(.>rpubUt 
woTfihip fnr any whn wishnl lo atlund. 
Upon ihc decUfHtion of iudalgcnce in Iti":? 
ho obtllin^d n lic«iu» for the great hall iu 
Crosby House, then belonfpnff to Sir JtJiii 
lADffliatn, n patron of m-onii^iciLl iinncon- 
foruilv. AfitT [in^ui'liiiirr tbi'Ti' f'T Kevurul 
Tears bi* health |0i\« vriiy. and bcn-tin-d to 
ftomsI«n in Kobps, where lie wafl buried on 
28 July IftBH ill llw jrrnv-.- of -lobn It»adlv 
[q. v.", formerly ns-tor th.-Ti\ A portrait, 
engmvi.'d by Jann-J! Unpwood. i« in Cnlamy's 
■ Nftrir(inf(inn»til.'it Mi-niitniil,' ed. I'alroer : 
unoihfr. Miirraved bv John Stun, is tiretixcil 
to bii.' Bodyornivmity.' IffOS; hii<lathird, 
«nfrrfiv(>d bv Fnili-rirk Flt^nry van Tlovp, is 
prefixed to his ' Art of ContenlDH-iU," 1IHj2. 
WnfMwi wnif n mnn of cniwifli'rablc leam- 
inii, und his work* prciwrun! Li* fiim*.! lon(f 
Mtitr his doath. Accordio;; to Doddridfle, 
hia ' Uhmtinu Suldier, or lU'uren tak>.>ii hy 
Ktorin,' was tin' meanaof <"onvrrtiiijj<'iib.m'l 
Jamea Gardiner (ID^S^lMo) [q. V.J llis 
ntoat fanoitii worli, tlw ' Ifcidv of I*nicticjil 
DiTinitv,' appeared aftsr bin ilealh. in lilftU 
(London, fol.J Itron^ists of I "I* iwrmona on 
tJ)c catDchisn) of thi'^ Wcstmitutor luwcublj- 
of divJRtw. Nuin«rou> aubeequent wlitioiis 
have be«n printed, the lost botnft issued in 
I95i* <Loiidon, Sto) and in 1:^55 (NVw 
York, t<TO). Hi» olh>*r writiii)cit ivurii itiiiui!- 
pous. Amonp the moat important are: 
1. *TliL' Christians Ohnrt*r; shewing tbi> 
PriTiI«lge« of a Hcliftvi^r botb in thin Life 
and tbat whicli is to Come,' Loudon, 19&)i, 
Svfl ; Ifth odit. I*ondon, IWJft, 8vo. 2. ' Avr- 
apxtia. or tbf Art of Uivitto (.'ontentmem,' 
London. 16o3, J^vu ; l-Jtb edit. Ijondon, 
1793, t^mo; new ed. Diss, 1338, I6mc). 
S^'l'hH 8aini« Dtilteht. To wbitdi k on- 
nexod & I'realiae of Meditation,' London, 
1067, 8vo; nww edition by the Iteli^oua 




TnurtSodetr, London, isao^ ISm*. 4. 'Hht 
Beatitude*: or a Pinouna npoo part «f 
Uliritts famniiA Semum «■ the Hoiiiti* 
(with other diflCOttneB), London, 1060, 4(«. 
8. * Jt^niaalenw Olory ; or the SiiinU .Snf^ 
tiea in Kvin^ thti Chorrhui Socitricy,' Um- 
don. HHlt, 8\-o. U. * na(tanv6it>v, or a W<wd 
of Comfort for th(!i Chnrvh of Ood,' London, 
I6K, Sto. 7. '.V Oit-iiie Cordial : or the 
Transcendent Printcdgu of ihon: that lorv 
God,' LondoD, 106^8vo; new edit. London, 
18.tl, I'imo. 8. 'Tlie GodlrMans riclun^ 
drawn wilh a Srrijilutv F'.-iukI,' i.A>ndoOi 
KMW, Hv... ». ' Th«^ H..It Eui-Larist.' fiii4 
impression, London, 10t{8,t)To. 10.<IIeavi-a' 
taktiii by Stortii : or lb« Holy Vi<drncv a 
Christian iii to put forth in the nureuil 
afVer Glory." London, IflOO, Svo; ?nd t-dit,, 
cntitU'*! ' The Chri*tian Sohlier. nr H*<Te» 
tak>;o by Stonn:' new edit. London, \t&o, 
Mvo; tirst American ciJil, New York, 1«IC^ 
12nju; Nov. 1 and -' were published, t<^eth«T 
with ' A Uiacourae of Me>iitiitiou.' under thft 
title of 'Three Tmuliw!!'/ ttib i:dii. l<oadon, 
into, 4to. \ collection of bi«'SeruiuuH and 
selert Diacmrsea' appeared in two voloines. 
HIn;«ir"W. l79fi-9, Bto; (ili»i(p>w, 1»G7, 8 
1x1 IK'ifl appi^arf-d ' Puritan Gem«, or 
and Holy S«yiii(tB of Tlmmns Wi>(«a>,' 
by .lull o Adi'V, Londr>n, ItSmo. Tvonaa 
MrrtpT Mormons bv him are pre»ervml la 
Itritiab i\Lu9eum'(IIarl. MS. 7517). 

tWaiiou'H Works ; WiI»on'a DtMeminc 
ChnrvhM 181)8. i, 3!i1-4; Cubunr'a Nodcob* 
formiilV Mpuiorial, rd. ratoicr. i. ISS-SI; 
Wood'* AtlMMB Oson.ed. Bliw, iii. m. 1001. 
ViU; arangerV Biogr. lliat. ill. UtO; Cal. 
Stntv Paper-. I>om. 1651. i.>i>. 347, 4&T, 4Mi 
HetuiFMy'ii Novum Ri'^wrt. Bcidei. 1898, p. IH; 
HrvTinWiiCnl. of Ener. Porlzaits. p. 184.1 

E. I, e. 

WATSON, THOMAS (Ht87-I717). 
nrii-t'd liiiilio{i of Si. David's, th<- son of John, 
Wutfloti, 11 '»?nm»ii,' wnit lioru nt North 
Fi-rrihv. ii^ur Hull, on 1 March 1636-T. Be 
wao «'duntted iit the i^'ainmar school at Hall 
and wo* admittwl fn St, John'o fVilIemt 
Cambridp'. on iH Mnv IftM, whoace o9 
(rra.iuat^'d M,A. in HWi', RO. in 166J», and 
IJ.LI. in 107."). He was admitted a fallow ol 
his collow on 10 April lUSO. He wu 
itrwKfuted to the rectory of Bnrrongb fi 
in Caml>ridp.'fliiin',and in 167t! exerted * 
evH' in thf pjirliaunTifary elections for 
conntT in Invour of tho courl candidatv ; hi 
the foTiowJUj! yenr bf ivun made a juittica of 
the peace. On lifi .Tune l(i87 hv was con- 
Mi9at«d at Lambelb bi«hop <>f St. I>u\'id'i 
soceeediug John Lloyd (IfiSS-lfl^T) [q.v-] 

"Wfttaonwtwastwngaupponerorjiunesl 
policy, anJ, acoordiog to Wood, owed 



1 




4 




Watson 



39 



Watson 



adTonoemeatto the raoommi'nilaticMiof Henry 
Jtrrnyn, baron Dover [1).^.], tltoiii^b bis «is- 
mivs iMwrttrd llitl be oolaineU it bv piirclinj»i'. 
Aftor his L-onsrcration Wiit«oii ili^ not nh&te 
liis tvaX, and. Htreuuouslv proniot^H) the read- 
ing of tfa* Ueclaiatian oF Indalf^co in hi« 
dioowfl in 16S8. At thi* rvvolutiou iiv nu 
«iwpt*d from Ibp net of indoinnitv, vfiw «l- 
taok(>!d Bt Burroii{;b Grwa bv tlw mbhli* uf 
the npii;h)(OUTh<KMl, wiu brwigbL a ar\90net 
to Oftmbrid^'. anil wss rwrciutd by tau kcIio- 
lunof the uuivijTsitr. TbuMn^nglh of bi> 
opinions iriks not, Iiowcvrt, lo \k mtKlcmted 
bj-fvarof Ttolcnw. IJe6ynip«thi»<.>dardenttv 
wiib ifau notijiiror*: and it wu allej^. 
perhaps witbuui truth, ihitt he ordained 
maajr peranns without tvndvring thom th« 
oathE. la 1692 bu void i>>nust>.-nt ly s^tut 
tba eovi^ninienl in tbt> ilciiife of l»rd«, and 
io IWMf, aft'-ribt'deiiciinu of r ho anamina- 
tion plot, he nif^iiwd l» join tbo luaooialinn 
lo defi-nd William and Manr fmm eucb nt- 
t^mpis, becanst.' mpinbrrnhip inrulvf-d a <}«•• 
cUrtilion tbnt Willium wait 'nf;htfiil ntid 
U«'ful' hin^. lu lOMj be ouniuinc^] his 
iatention uf invutint; on the nMtih-nce of Uin 
chancifJlor, rMidt'niiarj'canoDfi, noil beneficed 
elerry who bad be«ii lax in riiltilliii^ the 
dntuu of their pa-itjon«. Thin meuun.', 
tiioitgh jnallv ciwcpived. wan sumuwhal 
raptly annouDc-od, nnd WHli>on ua* ]>»>• 
lily induonrad br ihf knowlt^d^cvlbul wbig 

_^ini'itu Wert' jin-vaK'ut ninOHj; bi^ rlergy, 
Tt V&3 alio b<Hii.-v(-d lliat be iuU>nilf.-d rfuiuv- 
ing fri^iii bip iillii'i- hi* n'^itlrnr, !i<il)i-rl l<ttcy, 
til." f^-ltl of Villinm Lucy [a. v.], a formor 
liifhi'T- of thf^see. In niarm Luc y und othen) 
(' V pMi-nri'd an inhibition fmtn iho 

h: . Jobii TilliJtMin ij, v.], and Wat- . 

MMD vas ^usp^mlfd from hi-'^ otBcc on '21 Aug. j 
1064 wliiW u oiuuiiiwion iutiiiired into ibe ' 
wtalo of bib t** (LvTTUKLt, ItrUf Krlotion, 
I8-J7. iii. 3i7, 300). Afi-T ibi- U-raiinBtion 

fth'-'--ummiMionVn*farLhes.hoWi\i!r, Wflt- 
iindauntcdlyaintinu(.><l bis etid^-avour to 

Bl rid of Lucy, Hnd in wlf-ilttfrui-t- l,iiry 

rosffhc ehargw of i^imony and luuladmini- 
stnbMi agHin«t biui. In OeU>b**r l(}d>'i, in 
aiuwi^r toa citniion, Wat«>nnpj*Rrwl V-foiv 
TboButi Tenison 'a. v.] and six coadjulor- 
biahops and plcmled his pririlcfrQ of peen((e 
{A. ill. &4), Kl'J). Iliie courau urrL-Mod pn>< 
ceedinga until 20 Mnrc-h inHG-fl. when be 
■gmd to witi\-c bie privilufTT? {ib. iv. 70, 8^S |. 
In a forlhor nuit bv liitrv fiir the n-civirry "f 
sntne of hie {ei^a, tbe lortk ddcidcd on ^.l May 
109§ Ibni Waf «on bad no privilege. I_>u bis 
trial in the r-«rlMin.«ifal court it wasprovpil 
that Wntson bad let out to another clc ivy - 
tBan, William Jlrotiiks, hia rectory of Dnr- 
rangli tirevo, wbidi bu hud retained in «mr- 



mrmlamf and that he bad appointed hia 
ucphi'w, John Medley, to tho nrcbdoaeonry 
of M. David's, rewrving uoat of the enolu- 
mc-ntA for Limself. In defence it vraa ahown 
that Itnx'kv bad Burrough lireeu on very 
favourable terras, and that Medley was in- 
debted to hia undo for eumtt of money ad- 
Tonci-d unon bond lo pay for hia cdiiration 
and fur tliu eupport of nis motbiTonil sistcTB. 
Wat Mill wa», Imwcver, found jruilly of 
simony, and deprivt^. The ofiirinid deed of 
deprivation u«iu tbeLanibetb Lihnry. On« 
of the coadjutors, Thomas Sprat [q-T-li '^ 
fused to concur in thii aenteaoe because ha 
regarded the proceediiiKa oa uttra t-i'rejt. ]I« 
was willing that WutMm should bv f**u- 
pcndet), but did not tbink tlu^ archbishoj) 
oompvlent to dvjirive him. Sprai'ii poaitioa la 
aet forth bv an nn'mynirtim vrntur in ' A 
Letter lo a terwn nf (Jnality oonoeminp the 
Arcbbidbop of Canlcrbwry" S.tit.mo*- of l>e- 
I primtinn o^inRt the Risln^p of f>t. David's ' 
I (London, l69tf, 4to>, and in Humet's ' Lelter 
to a Member of the Houm- of t'ommons,* 

inibtis!it;d wiiboui date; both are IB the 
trilisb Mutteuui Libriirv. 

W*nl»on refused lo atlinit Ibe validity of 
the lUMileiire, whieh wiu etrnfirnjed bv the 
' oDurt nf deleifales on 2^ Feb. 1009-1700, 
and cmtiniii^ir tn takr lii* »wiL in the Hjium 
nf IxirdB (I'A. iii. Q&l, &J\\. He at tint 
atbetnirted lu roaaaie bis priviUtc^ ^ pcunige ; 
but, thf lords decbuini; nn tt Dt-e, Itillil tluit 
h« could not do ao after Talnntnrily wuivitig 
it, he adopted Sprat's contentinu that tho 
atehhittHop was iDcomp'^tenl to deprive a 
bishop. This point, however, was decided 
•ffftinat him by tho lords on *J March IKS^ 
liOO, allbuiigb ou f Mareli they rvnuesled 
the crown not to fill the see of St. Uarid'a 
immediately. Ou 4 Hay 1701 Walison wm 
rxcomtnunioili-d for contiiinacv, and oij 
.30 .funi' 1702 was am«ti>d ou a writ for 
l,Oi:tO/., bii! co«t> in tlw suit (ib. r. 40. 1H>), 
In Novemlxtr 17<''ll the conrt nf excheijuDe 
gave judt^menl that he was justly dejinv«d 
of llio tcmporaliliee of the see, and ua 
i';t Jan. 1701-ri the lords finally decbirwl 
the M?e vncant by rejectinp a petition of 
Watson in connucti»n with ibeproceedinKs 
in ihv court nf fxehequer (lA. v. 3l)e*, M'J, 
fi01,.'iOn, 511). He waa Bueceedt'd in tho 
«!e of St. David's in >Iarrb 1704-O by Ot•org«^ 
Bull [q. v.] He retir»?<l to his s»Al at 
Wilbrohua. near Cfitubridgp, wIhtw bu died, 
ou a June 1717. He was buried 10 tba 
cbatic<.-l uf the parish church under the sculJi 
wall, but without any wrvic*. a*, he was 
friill extiKumuninttvd. He was married, hi«. 
wife's cbri>tiuu naint? bt/m)^ Joliannu. Ha 
waa an inlimato frivud of i'homu 



il 



Watson 



4* 



Watson 



{165rt-1740j [q. v.], whom he wished to niD.ke 
bia cbB(il«in (Nickoi.*, Lit. Aneal. v. 107). 
During his lifi^timc lie b*9towed many bene- 
fnctioiiA uii Hi. Joha't Colk-gi', iac:lai.liiif; llic 
iilvnu-snii of the three liviimii of Fillboiirn 
St. ViKora, iidd lirinkli-y in CsmbridgL-shirL', 
und UniniiriihuTlriii, ni'nr ni'vt>rli'y m Vork- 
r.hirc. Ht^ iiUx> foitiideil a hnR[iiUil at IlitU, 
wliich wiw further endowed by bis brother, 
William WnlJinn. 

Many points in Watson's cooKluct dutiriK 
his tcniins of tho wn of Si, T>a,Tid'fl wt-re 
undoubtedly (liscretlitable, and hiit ){«ner«l 
eb&ractrrwAS painted iutbc blackcvl; oolonrs 
by liii) i*nomi«». U u wid ibai M-hcn hie 
tiepbew, .Mfdley, blundered wUile coiidurt- 
io^ ltiL> iK'niL'u in the t'jitlii<dral, Wnteon 
•cniidiLlLMtd tliM cotif^r^f^iilioii with 'twnluiid 
find diimmea.' Mueli of the eridunce on 
which tli(> cUnrpt' of simony wrut bns*^ wms 
of a iiiifatiniuihie fihnriwter, *ml ibo *!ourt. 
in whicli IJumet ww n coadjutor, displayed 
foo mwli i)ftrty fMin^ to nllfiw conmU-ncu 
inthi; inipar[Liility i>!l Us findings. The dif- 
ffrt'ot tn-HTuicnt ioL't".'d out to tho Jncobite 
Wiil,*'iii and ibi) wliig Kdwani Jnno»(lHiI 
I7U<t} ^1. r.', liiAliiO|> of Llaiidatl', was very 
rumiirkiLb!';. Joni>a wa« clujirly conviriod 
offiilerinK into Himuniiu-iil ciiiitr«cts, nmre 
boinoua thnn any of thow charpod a^*ninat 
WatJiiin, bill, bin oiilv ])U]it*hm<-nt wax nun- 
p('«nloii fur li'ns than a yi^nr. lUirnCit casulit- 
tically deft-ndod iLh incousifitfim* bv saying 
t.hnl, whilr Walnon wiw cmiA'ictm of niinnny, 
JoDf-a wna only fouad ^Uty of BimoiiiacAl 
pmcticea; for Wntsnn tnnk bribe* hinmi-lf, 
while Jonea reeeiTed them thrnngh his wife. 
Shippen remarked that Archbishop Teoiaon 

did in L>itJier ease iiijusiiee nhow, 
Here »a»*i! a fritod, (ht-ro triuitiphcd o'er ft foe. 

{Faction J)i»pla^d, IJlW, p. 5). 

[Bnktr'sJIiw.'^f St, John's ColIfgo.Cninbridge, 
tA. Mayor, Iflfifl. pp-a?*-!!, 697-8; Siilmon'a 
Lifuivf thfl Ktiifli'iili liiBliops from thu Rvsuun- 
tion to the Kornlution, 1723. pp. 211-6; Pa- 
trick'* W»rk«. i». 617. 518; tlwlwn, Do I'rv- 
suJitiuH Antlliv Coniin«iiliiriii'. e<l. RiohnrdEOD, 
l?!.!. p. AfiSiOent.MAK- I7B0. i.3'ifl-3. 104-8, 
413.616,616; Wrnon Lettera. od. Jam™. IBll. 
i). 331, 334, 3TS: Lotdb' Journpdit; Wood's 
AtbeDR Ozon. ed. Blisa. It. 870; AMiiatAn'a 
Mefnoin, p. '1^; Burnet's Hifet. of hi* 0«n 
Tim«i, 1823. ir. lOJ-T. i4P-50. v. 181-5; 
Uutcn's yomoirs of Baker. 1784, pp. 3-fi, 
9-14; KvclyD'o I>iftry. ed. Itray. ii. 3I.5. Z&A; 
Birch's Ijf« of Tillolson, 1 75S. pp. 329, 230-2 : 
Kotcfl and Quorirv, 1st Mr. rii. 363 ; Rnjmond'a 
Reports of Cases in ihc King's Hotifh and 
Cooimon PIm», 17a.\ j. 117. Mfi; HowcH'? 
8tw«Triid«, »!▼. 4*7 71 ; Brit.Miiif. Add.WSS. 
Ul» f. 196, 6821 f. 40,0831 iT. 116>60, 208-17. 




£BSa f. 16. fiSll ff. 7.17. Tbo OTidcnco aa 

«hicb Watson was coai)MnB*d in miDUt^ly dl 
tn«»d ia A SuMinaryViflw of iii« Articles Ear 
bited afcxiost tht lat« Bishop of St. Darid's, Lc 
dni), ITOI. Hro, irrittdo in support of lh« STCl 
bUbop's Rction, and to a repljr «ulitlcd A Lai] 
IteTiaw of ibaSumtnuY Viov, 1702. Jto.] 

E. I. C. 

WATSON, TilOMAS {il. 1"«), capUin 
in tho iiftvy, may ven- posublv, ns Chamock 
suppost-A, linvr s»rv)>d as a mitLihipmuu wilil 
Edward \'<arnon (IfiM-ITSr) [q.T.], perhaps 
ill tbi! nriif^oR. The oaly tui.-miuii of bim 
now to be found is aa first lieutenant of tlut 
Aniflope in 17^3. till bis promotion on "Oct. 
17.'{7 Xn hr captain of iIk Aiit*ilopo. On 
lOJuly 1739 ho was appointed to the Hurford 
OS Vitmon's Sag-captain, and n^-lud in tbsC 
capacity at ihii reduction of Porto Hello, 
IiL January' I74()-l lot ntOTud with ^ ernoa 
to ib« Prinoflfia CnmlinB, wa* flag-captain 
during tbf abortive attack on ('artfitrena, and 
ill Junu 1741 tnovd ft|rain with Vcnion to 
the IfrivTii?, in which he returned lo Knglaod 
in Dow-mhi^r 174L'. In .S^'pti-mber 1743 ha 
WIW appoimed to the 70-kuu tliip Nurlhuin- 
bertana, wliich in the folluwin^f ■'priug was 
one of tho flwt gent out to Lisbon under 
thfl command of Sit Cbarle* ilanlr (tlw 
elder) [q. v.] On the homfward roystfe at 
daybTVBK oti 8 May tlio Northumberland, 
looking out ahead, wa.* orderwl by Higoal to 
diaee a »trunge suil seen to thti northward. 
Sh« did not come iii» with it, and did not- 
ob«y bvr nicaU, whicli wuh made about two 
o'clock. Tbi! wi-nther got thick and squallj 
ttliti lostsi^htofthe Heel ; tlicnof thechasa 
but aboul four o'clock sighted three &fatpB 
tliu le^Murd, that is in tho ooat qtiarBtf^, 
thn wind being westerly. Towards tb 
etrangera tho Xorthumborliind ran da 
Thfy lay-to to wail, for hvf ; it was 
that thoywcrp French and that two of 
were ships of (M guns; liiv thirdwofialM-gun 
frigntf. One of the iM-giin ahipit, lUv Con- 
tent, was about a inilu lo windward of her 
consort, the Mar«; and if Watson had eo* 
gatfud her, bi> might pDseibly have disabled h«r 
before tbt' .M«r» cimld come to her support. 
It wftfl clearly the only anii* thing to do, if 
lin refiDii-d to accept the advice oflcivd by. 
the mastfir and endi-avour to k-adthe l-'njncfc-' 
men buck to Hardy's Qml. 

lint \Vat*on was in no humour to follow 
tulvice or plan which flavour^ of cauiioi 
Wbilt witli \'ernon bn must have been 
capable otlicur; but since th«n, it is au^ 
Ilia aliulE had bi^nn frarti)n*d in a fall, 'tad ft 
fimali matter of liquor rendered liim ijulla 
out of order — whia^i was hia unhappy fiito 
tlwt day ' (..4 True and Autkcntick Xarru- 




m 

ila ^ 



k 




W'atson 



4t 



Watson 



/i>* nf tM AciMn Mtctrii the Xorthumber- 
imtid and Ikrrt FrmcK Mm of War . . . . 
By an Ey«-WiiueM). ' We boretiown oa 
tii«m,' says tho ^yfr-'witneaa, •» prccipi- 
lal«ly tlint our «iunll taiU waro DOt Ktowcd 
nor tniv^'allBnt soiU ftirlftd brrfore lli« 
vucmy tK'gaii tu firv uii uh, tnd nt ihe mme 
timn had tlie cittuii* l<> cliiir away; tb* 
buoioocln v,ere not sinwt;(l nt they abould 
be : in (Jiorl , we had notliirit( iu onhir as v^ 
sbould befnm artinn.' Abuut 6w o'clock 
ihv North 1) m be rlnnd closed will) th« Con- 
tent and ri>c«ivi-d hor fire, bnt, wJtbout re- 
plying to it, ran down to ibv Man. Tbc 
L'onirnt followed, so did Uie fripnt*?. Th«* 
Noriliuiaberiaud wasa targvt for lbi> tlin'u 
of them. I'he men at th« wliu*!! went kilki!, 
and Dobody ihougbi of wndin^ nthi^ra to 
take Llieir [dac«. Th« captain wnk inud- 
drunb, tbe master a ahivennjr rowan), and 
the limilarianta imablu or utiwillintf to take 
■ha Bommaiid. Tin* cairtaJn vriis mortally 
iwoanded ; and hufore llie first lieuieiiant 
rould get on deck, the inait'-r atruck tbo 
colours, and thu ahipwns taken powesaion 
of. WaMon din) in Frunca oa 4 June 1"44. 
The master, tried by court-inartiul on 1 Fi-b, 
1 ~4A, was M-nlfiicpd to bi- iiupnH«iit!(i in the 
MonbolsM for life: }r> wiutjiarfdihvcii^iiiBl 
piiniBhnient oii tli« ground tluir lu> liud pvfii 
good advice to his captain bcfnre the act inn. 

[CbariKKk's Btogr. Xsr. it. 370: (Imii. Mur. 
1745. p. lOfl: True and Authobtick Siirmtivf. 
174.^; CoaiRiiuion and Wnrmnt DixiIih nnd 
Wiontea of the Conn-majtial iu tho Ihihlie 
Record itOre.] J. K. L. 

WATSON. THOMAS (1743-1781). en- 
grater, was boru in Wiidon in 174.'!, snd 
aitifU-d to an pti^traver on plate. He exe- 
cuted some ^ood Htinplc pnnlit, which in- 
clude portraitii of Sin. t-livridsH at St. 
CfKilia, and Elizabi^tb Il«aucl"rk a* Cna, 
both after lIe>itoId», and portraits of >Irs. 
Crcwo and Airs. Wilbrahain, aflvr Danii-I 
Gardner; but lie specially exuellediii ine«o- 
tinc, workinff from pirfnn-Ji by K>>yRolds, 
Daow. West, Gardner, Williadn.itembrandt, 
Oorreinno, and ntli«-r>. Hie portraiis, after 
BeyiWllds, of I^y namplyl.te, Lndy Mtd- 
bouTiML Mrs. Crewe as Si. UiMi-viive. Lndy 
Towiuliend and bersisten), and the 'Straw- 
berry Oirl,' are briUiaut uxamploe of i\w art, 
End proofs (>f thetn are now greatly priced. 
lie also executed a i*t of aix fine plates of 
I^-ly's * Windsor lleauLra-*^' now nt llnnipton 
Court. WalsonforaiiinenirriiflnnbtisineM 
as a printaeiW in Ni-w Bond Street, and in 



177deaterMlJnto partnirahip with >\'illiam 
I buried at Briatol in I: 



SickiusoD (l74(t-|fiL>a) [g.T.J He died and 



snip wi 

.T.J li 

7H1. 



[Radmre't IiicL ot Artiiis; J. Chaloesr 

SRiilh'sorilisfa 3iIe<iolLnto Portraits : Ixi IllHnr's 
Maiiti«ldel'AinAteurd'K»l>iupM.] F. M. 0'I>. 

WATSON, Sib TIIO.MAS (1792-18821, 
firHt baronet, physician, eldest son of.ro»e|ih 
Waifron of Tborw-lv^kon, Essex, and bh 
wife Marv, daugntcr of lliomait Cnlton, was 
Iwm atiXfontratfa, near CuUotnpton iu Devon* 
sltin', on 7 March ITK?. lie was t^ucaled 
ntthe gnimroar school of Rurv.Si. f^Imnnds, 
when'C'harlen James Hlnmlield [q. v.], nfter- 
wards bishop of I»ndou. was bis couteu- 
wirorj-; tbey continued friends througliout 
life. Watson i-nlertMl St. John'* College, 
Cambridge, in 1811, and endualed B.A. iia 
trtith wrangler in l>*lb. Iftr wan elected a 
fellow in 181(>, and in 181S (rradost'tl M.A. 
He studied raedieini' at tit. Karlboloin^w's 
Hospital, whon- ha attended the lenTiiri^s of 
John Aberiietlir [ij. v.'', in iHlft. .■Vfter 
spending one session at Kdinburfth, hr 
again re»idpd at Cambrid^o, obuinMl the uni- 
versity lirenae in medicine in iH'2'2, was 
junior proctor in t&.'^4, and graduated M.I>. 
in iei>G [Gimluati Cittftnbr. p. 5411). In the 
same year, on 10 i-ept.. he married Sarali, 
daughter of RdwarJ Jonfs of llracklry, 
NonbamptoQsbire, and tivjka honsa in Lon- 
don. HeWBS elected » fnltowof tim 0<ll-ge 
of I'hyMdans in 1830, and in May 18lJ7 phy- 
sician 10 tho 3IiddK'si'x Hospital, whirh woa 
then connected with rnivenntj College. He 
was urufflseur of clinical medicine, and lec- 
tured from I y28 u> I Hfll. Tn 1831 he became 
lecturer on foreusio medicine at King's Col- 
lege, London, and in lis'lo profetwor of medi- 
cine, an oflice which he hold till IMO. He 
continued to be phvMcian to tbe Middlesex 
Hospital till Ifij;!.' In that year he pub- 
lishtd his fanious ■ Lectures on the JVinciples 
and Practice of Phytic." which luid fiml l«-..-n 
printed in ihu ' Mi-dieul Times nud <iaz<<iie.' 
The author correcieil fivn ttdiliiiim, ^nd it 
C'.iutiutiL'd for thirty years the chief Kngliih 
text-bonk of meiUcim-. It contains no dis- 
fiOvoies, but is based upon sound clinical 
observations, gi^es a complete view of I'Jig- 
lish medicine of its period, and is remarkable 
for its ^d literary styh^. At the Calk'gu 
of PtivAicians he j^ave the UuUtouian lectures 
in 1^:J7, the Luinleinn lectures on hnnnor- 
rhagc in 183], and waa a ceniior in 18S8, 
1837. and 1838. In 1862 he was elected 
prtsident, and wiw rt-r!wtfd for fivs sucoes- 
oive yL-ars. )Ie was electe<l F.RJt,. in ISfift, 
and m 1804 wo« made an honorary LL.D, 
at CamliridBP. In IH/i" hr became president 
of Ihe raltiological Society, and in 1808 of 
the Clinical Sociclr. His practice ait a phy- 
sician was lar^, anil in If^vO hu was appoiniud 



t 



Watson 



4* 



Watson 



t^Toaiin cxtnoHinarv to the qu«en, nnd In 
1870 phi'siciftn in ordiDory. lie waa nne 
of tlifi phyaiciana vho attondM the |inncv 
co[i»i>n u litH laitt illnvc*. Ik- woe crt>at>.>d u 
hunrn'r; uri '27 June 1866. He retiivd from 
praeltev boou «IVcr 1870. lit- la»l atlvuJed 
tiin cnmitia of the ("ollfrge of Phv>!('ioi:.'i 
in Marrti 186i\ on which ucca^ion all thu 
fvllnM'H |>n'wnt rof" whfu In- i.'nlen*<l thi- 
rooni, n nirp mark of respect, luid llie higbmt 
honour which the cpU«({« can bestow oo on* 
of il« feUovA who )m« c«ued to hoM oIAim.'. 
WoWW) iiie<l on II IW, \HH± His por- 
tnit, by UeorgL- I{i<'htnr>Qd, hnni;'» in the 
crnwin room ot thu ColWt: of I'livf iciaii*. 
He lefl n son, Sir Arthur To«iil<'y Watson, 
Q.C. and nno daugbu-r, 

[.M>ir>h)iir» ol>;tuni7 iu>ti» in Mediw-Chirtir- 
gical Tnitmcliunx, Tgl. Ixri. ; Lancrt, ubiliutry 
noiice. 16 Dec 3882 ; Worlw.] N. M. 

WATSON. WALTKR ri78tHftU), 
ScortUK portt, wits horn of lowly pnretitafre 
al Clirv*l"n, |i.nnt.!i of Caliler, Lsnarksbin?, 
on S' Sfnrrh 17WJ. At the ago of rif^ht. h*> 
bccsuio a herd, andafteraepell atwwiviiijihe 
tncd farm»(Tvit:i'i'or«liin<riit homr.uiiiii-in- 

Eluyau-nt a» a i>4in'yitr iti Olas^jow, afli^r n hiuli 
u L-uliftt^'d in tlie Hcottt fir*',''''' i" 1701>. Dis- 
chiirr.'i<d m ihf- inniee of Aiuiviis, IBO^f, ht' 
pr<f>M?iilly lunrr;^! nnd^irltlMl aa a weaver in 
Chrj-»t-in. He rhtrnpfld to Kilsyth, St irling- 
»Uin;, ill If'iO, u(\":r which In' niiiiiw viirifii* 
axperiuK-iits till l^tl' in tlie adi.iirinp coun- 
ties of SlirliDg, Lanark, uitd Ihimbnrtou — 
now worliing as a fcawyer nnd Hvyim on a 
WMwr— finally seltUii(f at Duntibloi-, near 
Kirliintiilnr.-h, Ihimharttinnhin-, ivlii'ff h« 
died nn 12 Sept. l(*ri|. He waa buried in 
OaldeTchiircbynrd, and a fjmniN' mominiMit 
iruenwtcd at hix gnt^'<> in lS7n. He woe 
gur^nTiN] by a widow and four menihcra of a 
£iini[y of l«n. 

Stvvnil"f Watson'* lyrics ^<«p«;ialiy such 
mirrry, festive son^ a* ' Sit diiwn, my Crt>- 
ni<-,'and'A w«c dra|i|nv «'t ' — ^ihoiifih nut 
of dpi-t^inlly fint- ijuftlity, have a winning 
ehrewdne?§ ktid vivacity that liavi- M.-L'ari<d 
th«m a coTtnin wipularity. Watann pub- 
tii>hi>d thns* small vnlumea of hif Teratt in 
leoy, IMS. and 1*43 njepwlivvly. and a 
ToUimc iif his ■ .Select Pnirna ' was edited In- 
Hu^fa Mucdoiiald in 1803. 

[ Mm iluci «] il 9 Menuir ; Itogara'a Modern 
guotiish Mlusuel; Gmnt WiImu's Toot* and 
PoMry of Scotland.] T. B. 

WATSON, WILLIAM (IA6St?-ieoa), 
ai^CLiInr pritiat and conspinitor, bom on 
33 April, apnoreutly in l*>59, wm, Vikf his 
contemporartirB, .VnihonyWaldon [ij.T.j and 



Christopher Wktsoa [q. t.], a native of 
dioc«»i' of Diirfaam. Hii^ nano doc4 
occur in thu 'Viaitattnns of Durham' (< 
Foctvr, lSi<7l.hut his fathur must havs ~ 
a man of »»mir |Kwi(i>iii if William'* sta 
incnt Ls lo Ell? truetett, (b&I be waa 'anit 
Oxfiinli! at 10 ypaiTit nf a^^ with ray tv 
(a pcrffHrt liiigtiiiit.whirh roy father Kept 
ti-acliV lip mnft be di»tin);;ui«hp(l fniia 
' William Wawun of Durbatn, pirb.,' whi>' 
inatriculati<d, Bg«d 2fJ, from All SouU' oo 
3H Nov. lAi^l, and gmduauxl It..\. in the 
following K«hruarr, for tbo fiiture oO! 
apiriitor ' at 14 i-ame to tl»e inns of cou 
and III fixti'vn ' paMtnl tlw h-k l<> Ilhi'iiBC 
(Watson to llw Atloniey-g»*n«raI, print 
in L4W, Arrhprifft Q/ntromvu, i. 211 (qq.' 
Watson'* faniilv mix t-vidi-nll^ lEuman ca 
tholic, and his nama iws not appear on 
rei^.tli-nt at Oxford or ut iht' inns of coi 
According to Parwtns, who is <*T*'n I 
vi>nu-ions than M'ateon himfielf, Wa' 
eatne tn ]thpiin.-< ' a ]>oor, litfli- hi-jjinn^ hoy* 
and obt&ini>d employment in menial ofRots 
At flic F.Tiftlinh Col U-j;*-, when.' Utr mndv api 
for the btudenlit ' in tumbling, for which 
l>ody wan litlv made, and ao hv pa^.v-d bv I _ 
nanif t>f Wil. Wat., or Wot. Tiun1)1(« 
(P.vlttOX!*, Mani/tilativn. IWl', fV. WS-J 
WatKon'* own af^count was that * my fetudi 
until i waa 18 vfan-s of aun iuvtv in 
7 tiberall Kit-noes iutt>mnx1e, with 
tonffiu-s phisi^kti, common lawe (and i*s] 
cially biatorti-A all mv Hft^ tim« tor n^ 
tfou): from 1^ to I'l 1 Mudied the 1 
canOn nnd civil willi pOMilive dirinitie, and 
]ierft-L'Unp of my melaphiairke nnd philn- 
sophii*; afti'r tliut, wntill mv n>lnm home, 
plyed wihooln divinitii;.' Tlie lihrory, wb 
nc was arrested, containtKl, be«iidfii ihool 
gical irorka, ' lawt; bookrii. Jfnchiavels 
tragedies, crcmyelt-s, eollveiunn of Polemoa, 
Pliilopalcr, fjf'ycvatcrs Commonwealth.' 

Waiflon was cuntinnud at Kheims on 
35 March \<>h\, received minor onl(ir» on 
'I'i Sfpt. 15SJ, waa ordained c^uhdeacon 
on :;i Hept. liiSo, deanm at liaon on 
'2-1 MHn:h i Wj 0, priest on ."i April, and 
Iti Jun>! following wax Dent ii!i raiMiioner 
Enpland {pauni Dini-iM, pp. l;j, 178, 1 
2(Ht, i^llV II(> yrat cuplur^d almost int- 
mediately nnd impri^nod in thv Marslud- 
sea; hv was wion rcleused on condition 
leaving Kn^land wilbin a 8peci<i>-d li 
dtiritig which hv wa" not to be mol«s' 
Hicbfinl TopclifTi" ^q. v.], howe^-er, who 
been com missioned to hunt mil priori t^, an: 
Wat.-ton, shut faim up in Hndc\r«dl, 
aevwely tortured him fef. Statr Pap^rv, ITw 
Elir. ccii. 01). In ir^H WaUaa .-reaped 
ibc coutioeut (on 30 Aug. in that yt«r 





^V'atson 



43 



Watson 



pmon)> -vrt-n »ccat«d for contrintif; hu 
eecsnei, Hod piiM^l two yvtin at liii>g9. 
In rhf KuluinD of l-MXt he agnin rcMirnt.>(l 
to KokIukj, anJ ••Hicml^ for voDMi (iiB'J iQ 
the weHl., elndinff capture ia spil« of tiiere 
bwng nt one tiuM: frL\t(Hui vramnts out 
uninM him. ICvi-ntually nno nf SirWJUJAm 
WwuI'e iif?t.-nttf discovorpd hini; hul hU im- 
pHoDnincnl , ap|ai mil.tr in tlii> (tatpbouw, 
was roiii{)anitivelT mild until Topcliire agtk'm 
uit4!rv«ned with lii« tonur»«. <)n('« a(pun 
WatAon, 'Uiking ocoa«ina of the dorcs Mt 
TTdt- njipo unto me,' eB'e«tetl Iii» e»Cfi|K, in 
onlrr, bo main tit im-d, to avniil I^^l fro- 
c«uliQgi »n account of 200/. which lisd hi-en 
*lakfu up* by homv otu^ mmg hut nntnc; 
posfibiv tuis me on 18 Mtjr ICt^, when he 
•acHlR^l from BndtMvi-ll with 'nn Irish 
litshijp' (<?«/. Hatjietd Mas. vii. i<H). l>n 
30 JiiDr \NSd it wpjit ivp(.>r(>^ ' Wat^i'ii, 
ft fu<'niinarT priefri, hiLs a^in oMmp^i) lh:>rn 
^v lintehouM and cnnnot b<; h>*nrd of; In* 
iii thnu^it la havf with him a MTvant whi>, 
with hi-t coDnent, has iitolfft hit> mnMiT's 
best f:>-hlin;r nnd AiM. in money IVir Wataoii'ii 
u»e' (CtA Wa/*- /'<7'm', Doin. ISOS-KKH, 
p. '2'iA'i. He now Pt^m* to bavi- fltnl to 
{■voiUnd, ItopiniT to cross th'-nra \n Fmncp, 
but returaMto rbi- niir;h nf Kiii;l«nii, nm) 
tbeaop oncp more lo London. Ht-n- np- 
pan'n(lvfafwiL<Hf^inarr<.>$l(>d,sndlu'wiL*oDe 
oflh^ t-nirtv-thrfHw-culnrprii'stdin prison nl; 
WbM-h f.'iisllewlioon h N"v. Iflftt-ijfncd 
tbi* funoii* *nprH-nl' «L'aiii»t lh« «|nK>iiitment 
of (ii-or^ RlaAwidl q. t.Jiu" arcnpri«M.on 
tfao iiT"<'t>'' that he was h tool of l^roona aiid 
thi^ Wuii*. \N'nt«nn'K thirty «rticlM against 
BUvKw-tl'i Hppiiiiilmi.-tii nrt! priaWd by Mr. 
T. O. Taw in 'The Archpriesi. l!)ontroTeraj * 
(C«md«ii:^oc.l, i. R>-8. 

To iliia Mliiigslti heLwfwn thm ft«calar 
pi*ie«t8 nnd tlivji-suil^ WD.teon bod devot>><l 
ni* Milin? i>n«rgy. hiln- nthrr w>ciilnr«, Im 
vms bitterly oppoBod iiol only tn the dn- 
minsttnn of the j<*»tiilB, hul ulso to their 
uiti-tiational tiitnfiiif's, c«pecially t)ic pi^- 
jwt for BMfUiinjr the euceoBion to the in- 
fhotn of .Spain : bi' maintained that but for 
tbue plots Klisabeth's (;v>v«mmwiic would 
grant alarj^mramre of toleration tn Homaii 
euboiivs. An curly tt* l-V^T, while in the 
UafAbataea, he had prolvsifd a^B*[ Dabing* 
touE plot, and thcjcr-uitsdenoimeed himoan 
govertitn^nt «iy anil lii* siill'urintrs in prison as 
Betittoua; 'SVatsnn himself declared thnt Iw 
enilan>d morufruin th? tonffu^softheje&utts 
than from TopciifiV* tortwres. rossiblv his i 
TiaiC to Sootland was in connection with hii> 
project of anawarhig the ' Coufert^nce about 
the next SucMHioo,* wbicli t'ursoas bad 
fubltafaod undw the peeudonym of Dolemau 



iti lt'K)4, advocatinc; iha claims of tho infanta. 

The account which Walaon |i:ive* of fai»book 

ia obeetim and jtoMibly uiitnte: at first ap- 

jnreittly he wi«b«<l to udvocatv ihi- cxclu- 

j aioi) of all 'for^ga' claims, the Scottish 

, inetud*-d, and liu says that the queon and 

' Kasiix liked what hn wrot<*; th«n hii main- 

I lainvd Jamva's right, and when thif proTcd 

I unpalatable at court ho i<nf{g»tpil ihnt Im 

' had only been ontmpped into writing lh» 

bfiok at all byj«>4mt intrigues. 

This hook doi-s not *ifm to bare been 
printixl. but in l<fUI aripmred fourworke, all 
probably printed at lUieims nnd a»chbed i» 
Watiwn. The Hnrt, ■ ,\ Dialnpiu bciwixt a 
SeciiUr Prifjitnudft Vax lienttfmaii couwni- 
iag some points ohjfx-ted by the JoAuitiall 
Faction n^iiiiit KUi-b Si-culnr PririU aa haue 
fchewt-d itiBlr dislike of M. Rlackwell and 
thf Jfwutt I'rocwiltnjfs,' was PiToneoualj' 
asfipncd br IWaons and Anthony ItirejrAlo 
.li>h« Mush f I], v.], iinothvT of the ojipellanis 
(I-'iiLKy, Iterorda, i. i'2; l*,\w, JrJtiitt n^rf 
fircntnre, p. cxxxvii). The second, '.\dpBr- 
iBfC l>ifl-pOT»'ri« of our En^disli I>?Hu>ts and of 
Fa. I'arsona' i'roc^Wiuiirs uuihr pp'ti-nco nf 
promotinptliot.'Bthu]iku Fuiihin Kutfland... 
newly imprinted' (KttvinisF -lt>>), is oecribpd 
by Itiveni to Christoplipr Hugshnw lI-^-J 
((A.) But 'tha moat notable nf these lateM 
wrttinga on t)i« side of thf apjwllants vam 
the "Important Oinaidntationn." It fornw, 
howoTCT. un oxei-ption to the gimiTTil cha- 
racler of \V«t*(>ir« pmductioM*, hotli in 
matter and styh'. Indoi-^1 ir Iuik int littlt^ of 
WuLhiu'm miinn<^r llinl it is not inii)robahIe> 
that he waa th.^ writer of no morri thun the 
pn-fntory epiBllt>, whioli is signed with bia 
initialit. 'l\w book itst^'lf professes to be 
"published by ouiidn- of \i», lliu tk'cular 
Prii'Stx," and is a brief, and on the whole fair, 
liiRtoricnl tiur\-vy of all tliu rebellioiie, plots 
and " bloody desif^nmoDls'' set nn footagain)>t 
Kugland \i\ the pope or otlien, mainly at 
the iiisligalion of ihf j.mil*' (I'A. p. »ri). Us 
title iviLs ' Imp'>rtaiit ('otiHidi'raiion'i which 
ought In move all tnii-an') sound Cathiili(-kee.j 
who are not whnlly J<*iiitc'd to n<>kiinn-ludi^i' 
. . . thivt the fYoceedinffsof Her MajeMv . . , 
haTebt-en both raiM and mLTciful.' It wasn*- 
printed in ' AOoUefiiou of Several Tr\>BliM»i 
coiiceniing . . . the Penal Laws.' 1I17.J and 
1U88, in 'Thu Ji-suit's I.oyBlty,' U>77 wiriwi, 
in *A Prwervalive afjain^t PopiT*',' 173R, 
vol. iii., and waa editM by the Key. Joseph 
.Mi-iidhatn in Iti^SI. Tt was also vxtensiTelv 
ns<?d hv Stlllingflert in bin ' Answer to- 
Crrs-y,' and by Joseph Berington [n. v.] 
in his ' IVclin'e and Kail of the Ronian 
Oat^holic IMigion,' ItsIS {ib., p. cxsxv; 
MKHOOUt, prcf. pp. xiT-xv). In IHOl alwv 



wu publislied Walton's lon^t work, ' A 
Decacordoii of Tcm (juodlibcliCAll Qii«Aiinns ' 
CODOlirninK Itvligiuti uii'i ■'^l«t«; wherein the ' 
author, rrainiiig liinia^lf a Ijuilibel to every 
Quodlibvl, <lecidi-8 an Hundred CrcwM In- 
t«rrogRU>nu Double iibnut thfl g(»n«'all iVin- 
t«ntiotu betwixt the Ht'tninnrie Prii-elB sud 
iMtiiU . . .,' Rhi'imdJ' 4tn, Thmt^jb dalt-d 
1602, it Win ilcrtcrilx'il by FatliHr Uirers m a 
letter l« rarsons on tJ Hwr, ItiOI. It con- 
tuns a few int^^rt'^titif; ntlnuaiu to Nash, ' 
Tarllon, wid Will ^^oDle^<l, which seem to 
indicate tliet Wotson fivqiitntod thp thfalri! 
Ipp. 266, 3S9). YMvf aalWd it n ' noUble 
uook,' and der]ar<?J that no answer to it w«» 

fublisliod by tlin Ji?«uits {CharcM Jtiftoiy, 
tJBO, bk. X. mi. &-0). A piiritun n-idy, how- 
ever, a])pt<ar<' J t'Brh- in 1(1(12 (Koixr, I. SO) a* 
'Let yuUibet boivnn? of IJ'ufidiibet,' ii.d., 
n. pi., and 'An Anti>^iindlthot or an Advcr- 
tifroment to bewara 'jt .S-'culnr Priests ' ( Mid- 
delburg, lUO'J, l"^mo) ha* l>wn attributed 
Lu Juliii rdall j|A'.J who, however, died tvn 
jvnrn belurt*. 

Wliatorcr Imiid wih^r apiwllaiits had ia 
tbv pRidiiclwjii of tbeit! worMS, tbfir bittrr- 
nttm and pvtravn^nnrt' imjiidlcd tlic dfpiiia- 
tiva Iht-D ploiiiliiig thn aitpidlaniA' caui>i> at 
Itome to rii^ii lid into rt*p<}aiedlT nil sliftrc in 
them {Arrhpritft Cvnlrorrrfi/, Li. (S8, 77, 87, 
89). T!iL- jr-aiiils at Thi> same tim» cii- 
denvouoMJ to saddle lliem with the n^Biion- 
sibililj'. and rnndu ^ihkI iiki* of tlit- bckoka in 
tbmt alt'-mpt. tn prejudice the papal court 

Sainet llie appellants. I'arannt ri*pU>-d tn 
cm with ftqual HcurnlitT, but mom Hkill, 
in liis * Briefe Apoloipe' ll(K)y) and ' Mnni- 
fesution of tbt! Qri'at Folly . . .' (1^02), in 
which hfl heaps on Watson all manner of 
j9«r«onal abuse. 

MisanwLllt Wulsuu bad b<.'nefit<,vj. by the 
favour sliijwn by Klirtibt'th's government to 
the secular prii«ls. llu had nrobrtbly \xva 
removed frnin WinU-cIi with the! otlu^r 
B(»culnr.*» to I'ramlinghain, but in Ajiril 11102 
he was in tlie Clink. In n l«tliT ti> IVrsnnn, 
Anthony Rtvcra relates hnw tlifl Roman 
eatholics in that prison lind nia<li.> MMrmt 
arrangemonta for celfbmt inff nio-ta when 
ihuv vrvTc Hiir^>ri8i'd by (rovacnment ajrente, 
and aaHertii that thia was prt-arrnnft^l bv 
Walaon, who was rt-uiovud to the kin^e 
bench, bnt dincliargiid thi* iitxt day. lie 
was now soen in frttijut'tit cuneullal ion with 
Bancroft, liisliop iif lyindou, tin? siiljject of 
their dcliberflttona being ii form of oath of 
allripirn'f wliii'li mlghl be takpii by lli« mom 
raoderaid catholirs. This oath was taken in 
JJovmbi^ir fnllowinn by Watson and otbirr 
ACCulani, who wer*" thprenpon r^len-'MMJ : and 
to this period must probably be referred the 




report (dated October 1001 in Gil. Sttilt 
Papei-», Dam> Addenda, 1 580 -m:>5) of Wat- 
son's * going gallantly, in hie gold chain and 
whit«satin doublet . . .contrai^tobiapritwt'a 
habit.' He had now begun to rcpud hi 
a« a n»rsou of importance, and on tJi« dvath 
of Euaabcth he hurried to Scotland to obtain 
from Jamtv a imimiiw nf toleration which 
would completely juKtifv hLt own policy and 
Cripplti theintliienr-eof liiejeauits, ilegaiiied 
aooRss to Jam*^4 anrl boA:fii-d that his r«^ly 
waa faToiirable. When t!ier<*forenochnugtof 
policv was forthcoming. \Vataon was bitter! 
uturtiSed; 'the resolution of James to exi 
the Bnes was regarded by liiu almost in r. 
light ofapareoual insult' (OASOniEK, i. 100 
Ife bt>ga]) to nimtttatti niorf fiirciblc method 
of effecting hia aims, and rommnnicat^ hi 
grii'vanc*«taSir CJriHin Marklmra n.r.lAi 
thonyropleyrq. v.', William Clark (rf,UH>3. 
'(|. V,], and otoeTB, seculars like himM-lf or 
(liMtppointedoaartien. In May ItUK) Mnrk- 
ham suggeeted recourse to the Scott Lsh pn>- 
ccdtni of s«tiing the king's peraon and com* 
pcUiug him to accede to their demands. 
Even wilder schemes went discuased ; lli« 
king, not yi;t crowned and anointed, mightj 
\VutM>u thought. ■>!• kKt Baid« if h« pro>' 
obdurate ; the Tower cnuld easily be aeii 
' iMidWiitwm numinntM himwdf future l 
keeper or lord chanceltnr. and Copl.*v aocMr 
Cary of state. Uanda of catholic adhi^mits 
vri-rt- tn hi- rollvcl^l for 2-t June, when th*y 
wiiild yr-'-^ii iheir demandn nn the Idogu 
lir> I mvK II This conspiracy became known 
I n.>» iliKi • liya ' or ' Priests" 1*101.' and Goorfn* 
I Drooke, bi» brother. Lord Cobham^and i^-n! 
Grey de Wilton were implicated in it; ' " 
Wat»oTi aW knew of Cobnom'sor the ' -H. 
plot<Cfl/. Staff Papers, Dom. imi;i-l(l, pp. 
34-8), and I'Vi'n discuf«.'d tla- advisability of 
drawing Knlegh Into lb« 'IJyti' plot i^AdtUt. 

Wfttaon'* nliil gave th« j«auit« an oppop- 
tunily, which they were not hIow to uae, i3f 
turning the tables on the seculars and re- 
T^nging tki'ir defiwf over the orchpriest con- 
troversy. Father Gerard obtained from tlu> 
pope an espn.'.** prohibition of * all un- 
({uietnoM,' and the whole infiuenoe of the 
socit'ty was exerted to frustrate WatMon' 
ech«me. Coploy, who vai tu havo bra 
in two hundred adherents, could not ob 
oni), ' for I knew never a catholic near nte 
many a milt! tiint wt:>r« not jrsuitvd ' (con- 
fession an. Ilonti, ed. Tiemey, vol.iv. App, [)p. i 
aqq.) Gerard, Blackwell, and GametL all 
hastened to inform the government of what 
was goine on, and Gerard at least made a 
ra^rit of this when charged with complicity 
in the 'gunpower plot.' The attempt 



ili« 






un- 

r ihc^ 

i>taiM 

con-^n 




Watson 



45 



Watson 



84 June wm «d otter Smco, wid on 2 July 

■ prof laniDtioo ima Umod forCnpley'sinwii. 
ll WHS by liit coofeMion on ItJ J»h thot llio 
other* mn»ptrfttanweT» impticAtiMC.and tliiit. 
cou[)lL<d vrith ibu tad lljit Copley nas par- > 
doned, iiug>;niti( that lie aUo was pUrinfTU 
doubts part <Euwakd», Life of liaUvrh, ii, 
140, U'l aqtj.) U wu nut till 11! July that 
a nraclanwlwo was iasueal IbrWoUun's arrMt, 
"wiiich apwrMitljwasoot •flVcl<-<I untU«bout 
G Ave. he' wMlnkcn In a tield by ibo Usy . 
m llerefonlabire (or BrvcknockAhire . . .) 
by X(r. . . . Vaiif(b«n. ■ . . 'Twae obavrvnu I 
tuat Mr. ^'augban did nevor pro^ptr afntr- | 
wnutb" (AinHBT, ISri^ Lives, cd. C..1«rk, ii. , 
303). 'Waiaon'i ootiTeaaion, datvd JO Aur.. is | 
prinU-d in Ti#rn«^'a *l>odd' (toI. it. App. , 
pp. xix aqq.) Owing to tho aflbrU made by 
toe Kori-mmfnt to di#«ntaiigle the obMurv 
run i Heat ion& nf the tn-n plot^Wntson was 
not braui{ht tt Irinl till 16 \ov. at Win- 
cbaaUr Oostle (' B«(ra de Secretis' in Dry. 
Ju^r of Hffvab, *itli ll'fp. \py. n. IS.*-!)). 
Ha wa« condtiniu'd 1 df-rttli f.ir nigh I n^a'oii, 
and was executed ai Wiuctieeier on 1) I)vc. 
Willi WilliftDi Clark. Amon;; tho matiD- 
scripia at Slonvburst is a ' itrevv relasi'>ne 
dslla uort« di due sacerdoti GiU. Wauoni >>t 
QuL Ctarkci, » Di-c. 1003." 

In Lbt! ppiclaiuacion for bu arrett Watson 
is deacriU^l ae 'a man of the towG«l wrt 

[-Tury sbuftj . . . hia bair betwixt aln-am 
^aubiim] nwl finxcn; lip l<x>ketU aaijuint, 
and u ver}' purblind, so as if bo rmdv an^* 
tbitiK li« putt<>tht' the paper ne«T« to bis 
iryt»; hi- did weare hta Im«H at len^h of 
tlie samv coloured bairn n« is liix hMid. Kill 
informatioii isf^iren that nowe hi.^ beard is 
cut.' ]*ar»ou» aaya he ' waa bo wrong »!irt]«'n 
and of so bad and blinkinff aspii-t as lie 
lookelh aino waya at oaw,' 

[Thv raOfl impurtaut aonreea for WHivon'k 
Wilt Ar« the doeamenu printed fmm tho I'utyt 
M.SS. by Mr. T. 0. Law in hia ATchpriest Con- 
troTrr»]r(*,'«ind.Soc.2ptii.lflU"-8).an(lMp«inlly 
'W'at«on'aautobi<tfrapRtcHllDit«rtothaalUfrn«j- 
ItoiHua]. etuJorscd April 1A99 ; a doiibl whatlwr 
tlii« >• the correct diii', Wntaon'auwn Tagn«Deu, 
and adiOcaliy in reconciling liiadaloa with itiow 
affon}«l bj oeeuional rofmocea in tlia Mittr 
uapen, oonbina to midvr ttip cbnpiiuloKT "' ''** 
life Muavbat ttntatiro. See olao Law « JMuit* 
ainl l^rcatan;. 1889; I)t<nai Diario* : Citl. Slat« 
PuptTi*, IKim, ; Panonn'R Urirf Apiluj^ie nnd 
HuiftMulioa, boifa 1603?; Fuley'i llrcvrdv S.J. 
vol. i. paMitn: Uorria'a TronblMi. \. I9li. ii.S6a, 
277 : I.Nnwt. MB. 983. art- 16 ; Cotton. M3.Ve*p. 
fxif.t.i79: RiklMSS. Cotnai.Srdltvp.App.pp. 
lAO, 16-J, :i38, 13th f{*p. A|>p. IV. 12!! ; Col. 8tnt« 
Pnptn, V'rD«rii>u>, 1&92-I«V3. No#. 10.VJ. 1001, 
1078, 1069: Mutts nod Qaniaa. 4thMr.iv. 311, 
422 ; at»d Walaoai Woria in Brit. Utu. Library. 



For bu eoDAptracy, iteaCMifeaiaoua and Examii 
tioM anioB)t lb» DoRi««iic Siat« Papera Id tb 
Baeord Office. th« most impurunt ol which u 
prinUd in lleroey'a Doila. rol. iv. App. pp,' 
i-lii ; olh«r« nrv at IIstHrlJ (cf. rsiract lu 
AddiLMS. 8177, f. 202)1 rtutber dHaiU ars 
giren in the doapalehoa of Boaumoot, ibe Frene 
nmbaMador, ia the Brit. Miu. King's HS. 121^-1 
fr 309 fqq., 329-4S. nnd MS. 124 ; mhj aim 
ffcJdon'a Conrt of Jamwl.pp. 310sq<|.- Uirch'a 
CoorL anil Timra nf Jamra 1 ; Ii^so's Illostra* , 
tiooa, iii. '-J-^: Edwwd*"* LiTrof Kalrigb, 
ii. paaaim ; Sharpe'a L^nikm and ihn Kingdom^ 
ii. 6-7 ; GiinliiMr'a Hlsl. of KngUnd. i. tU8-40 ; 
Hume's Life of Raloififa. I8tf7. pp. 2i*. 249. 202, 
274; ep. almarta. Bannaa. tiHoaiia; llwiiOKK, 
IlsxaY, viiihtli LoMU CuKUAM ; Ci.akk. Wii.* 
LiikH. ('/, 1603): CoPiEv. Ajttuomt: OaNr, 
TaoiiAs. lltlecnih Bjkaoy Gbht of Wii.tux; 
afiMKHaM, 8iB UsirriN; and lUuuiH, Sta 
WaiTxa-l A. i\ P. 

WATSON, Sib WILLIAM (I7I6-3787), 
pbysician, naturalist, and electrician, burn 
on 3 .Vpri) l7l/> in St. John's Strml, nnar 
Smilhfield, London, waa tho son of a I mdes- 
man. Ilcwas cnlm-dal the .M^ri-bunl Tay- 
lont' school in I'iJit.audin IZSOwaHappr^^n- 
IJced to au apothecary naui>H) Uiuh^rdson. 
I-'rom his %'outh hu mad« many t'xcnrgions 
iritu thf couiilry to Hemrcb forptanU, hDvio{[ 
a«tn>n^'ta(>tu forhotany.and liRobtainod thtr 
prvtuiutu K<viinaiiiuiatly bythQApothccarii.-&' 
DomiKiny fi)r jirnlicLiMicy in that subject. In 
17fM Watson married And KCMipin busineiw 
rorhimm-lf. He hecAme iiifi(ini{iii>.h>-d for bis 
fici(!iilihcknowlc4!^e,andon0.\pril 1741 waa 
electfid F.lt.S., though be dtK** not aeurn to 
have piiblivhod any r*'»earchea pri'viiiiw to 
this date. Uetw>,>«ii tliixaud hJH dpnth,hnw« 
ever, be contributed to the 'Philosophical 
TTaiisaetions' uioru than finy-eishi ortfpnal 

Eapera and aummarii-* of Iht^wo^ of otlivra, 
earing on natural history, ttleciririty. and 
initdiriue, nianv of which nreofcoutiderabtv 
imiwrlonce. Watnon was k cnnsinnt nll«n- 
dant at the r«>fiiiUr in«etin^a of the ICoyiit 
Society nnd m. the privatf.- aasoclationa of'ita 
members, wbirh met on Tbursduya, Arst at 
the Mitrf in Fleet Street, and later at the 
<'rowii and Anchor ialW Strand (l*ri.TESKY, 
op. rit. ii. ti^S). In I74o he waa awanltnl by 
air Hans Sloane^i.T.], as aurvivuu; executor 
of Sir (lodfrey liipley [q- v.], tlie Copley 
I mwlal fur Ins elaclricaF research. Latt-r^ 
I Bloane, with wlioni W had become verv 
I intimatip,nominntedhimtnistMoftJi«Briliii)t 
I MuiMTUin, atid aftt^T iti4 establisluneat in lioD- 
' taf^n Hnu.tu in KM Wat.son showed great 
' assiduity in the internal arraaattmentB and in 
' foniisliini? the ganltn with a farg« oollbction 
. of pluits. 



Watson 



«6 



Watson 



On e Sept. 1757 lie wa« crMted dootar of 
pbyaic of Utv uuivoraitj of Ilalk', and about 
tboaUDetimeof Willviiilwr;;; ln-liudiilreaily 
bwb elected mt-mlKr of thi! K'jvil Acudf-tny 
of Mulritl. AflT hATJnifbt'vii ilinrntni-hiiu-il 
froa tJie 8flciety o{ ApntluicarieA he begun 
to pnotkM iM a nhTHician, nn<l after exarni- 
lutlon was adtniU'Kl L.U.C.r. nn 22 Dec. 
]7ri9. About tliii) lime ht> mav«<l from A1- 
dencnto Slrmt to LincoInV Ina Fio1<L(. In 
Oetoiwr nfi'i Im wm cIiusvu j^byMcian <')tbv 
Foundling lloapital, and retained this otlicc 
iai tiia dwUi. On 30 SopC. 1784 liu wah 
fl«Ct*d fellnwof the Itoyal r<>ll(i((i><it'I'iiv- 
BMUitU. H*^ VfH9 censor of Ilie college m 
17l*-*» and 17f*0, and wn* knitflilxd nii il Oct. 
in ihe lal t>^r year, tieine naa of T.)iiHf d>'|tiited 
by the colletto I'j c<>n(tT*txilal'-' Cieorgf III oa 
liis «>cap« ?rr>m a*MMin«t)nn hy }l|iir^ar><'t 
Nicbolflon. He wu nlco a inisiee oi tlie 
UnlleKcof I'liyaiciand, and for t'Mtn^ tJmc viro 
preaident of the iCoyal Society. IK- died iu 
Linccdii'M Inn l-Vldaon lOMay ir»7. ' Wiit- 
•on.' Hars I'uUunfv, ' wa# a miwi uxact a-ouiio 
mist of hiii ttnm . . . u]> u«uaily iu aummnr 
at six or oarlier;' ho was in apesch 'clear, 
forcible, and tmerirotic,' 'a cantful olHt«rv«r 
of ini-n,* and endowed n'iih an extra<irdinary 
inuniorv, buiag calK-d by Itis TrMnds 'ih« 
living iKxicrtn of hnWny ; ' lu> wna, a.i a phy- 
flictaii, ofiiarticularly humnni' temper. 

\VaI«OD had a lanfe fureit^i cnrrf-vpnndenca 
wilh Jeun Andrt Pevwontsl, Clnirniii, Brw* 
flf Witti'UibeTiK.the A'bbA Nolk't, Ilemnnl de 
Ju&sii'ii, and othera. In 17-4^ hv nhon-M 
eivilily lo till- uutumlin lVt*r Kalni (171.V 
177i»), a puiJil oC IjiiiiuBus, and in ITUl to 
Or. Peler simun I'allas uf St. IVteraburg 
<JuIt 17B1 tn April 17UL'). 

Watftnn (lontribiued liia fir*t papers on 
t>1«ctrici<y li> thn lifiyalSiMTiely in thcroiinie 
of 174.J and Kflhniarv l71ti"(PAiV. Trant. 
iliii. 4K1. xlis. 41. «».>). and piil>!i>.h(.d thrm 
•epwrately iindcrlhc titlM* Kx^tTimftntii . . . 
[on] thf Ntttttr\*. . .of Eleftncity' in 1740, 
• aocnnd edition boinf; publishi-d in the initmi 
yeiir. H« nutu:us Iherein that allliou^h icp, 
» wt^ll im wut*^^, ia an 'electric' or non- 
condactor, moi^t air cuuducte, nnd liu l-x- 
plaiiu tliervby tli'.' railumul'idoctriral fxperj- 
monts iu w^t weatbcr. On 30 Oct, I74ti 
</«■. (TiV. xliv. 7(M) Watwn nmd liia'Swuml 
tnthf Eicpan-inients. . .[on]Klectririty,' also 
yiibliahi'd ttcperately in t)ie same yfur ; hv 
altovft therein by Ilia own f^xporiniuiili* and | 
thowi of Lift trmid .John Uevis q. y.] that 
tlw ' Btroki' ' of tli« nrcuntly diMCOvcrtrcT Iji-y- 
tloii jar wutf, cintnrio paribiu, |woponionkl 
not to iisme, but to thfcuudiidtni): aurfac** 
vt it* com injtTS — a ]ioint to which li« rvtnrmit 
later {I'AU. Tnint. 174B, xh. 1(W). ll» 



uotioes tiiatfliv! Vlpctrica] foTOT always 
•cribca a circoit' iVoc. n't. p. 716>, and 
ptiiuiils tho tbwury that in an plcclrical 
machine tlia i^Uas (^bt**, ftc Itaro not tlw 
«'b-rtriciii |Kiweriouiera«-Wi-0,l>ui oalys«m 
oj ' the tifAt Ri(>v«n and determiners of ihai 
powf-r.' He agrees with ihi- .\hb* N-jlicl 
regardinjj electricity a^ exi^tintf numial 
sT^rrwbvrv in a slatv of m^oilibriiuu. ai 
rtigards the electrical machint^ a- roiiiiiarabia 
to a putnp which aceumulatea olectncity on 
tb* bodiws wr it-nii 'i-Iitlriliwi.' \Vb«im>q'« 
Ilivory, Ihoujih l<.'tia ck-arly fonnulatHl. 
hardlr dixtiii^uishablu from thai of ll«nj: 
niin rmnklin. In his n«xr papt^r ( 
:JI Jan. 1748, toe. cit. x!v. 93) Watton ol 
ratM ihi:i ihi-ory and di-fin«« it motv rlonel; 
unotinK at the eam« timo from Fmiiklin 
tamnn>i tiriti litter Idalt^'d 1 Jiuif 1747) 
the subject lol'iiU-rColliniwin ^t|. V.} I)u 
1747 iind 174** Wat*oB, iu conjunction vn 
Martin Folhiti [i^. v.~\, then preeidenl. and 
uui»l)erofothi'riiu>mli>m(>ftIioItoTal8o<^(et 
along wilh Bcvi«, parried out a long serii 
of trx[wrinH*nt« on ' ihi* velocity of elec 
matter' acrowi the Tliamea at Wi-stminst 
Britigw, at Ili^libuns and at Shooter's 
W'atsnn planning; nnddir>''Clin^all thf opt' 
tions. Tbeyfoundthiit no appreciable int 
Tal could be perccivMl bcltrecn the (n>ii||>I 
lion of Ihocircuil VJ^id feet long, iinitj] 
the two coatings of a Leyden jar, and 
rcMMpt of tlio shock by an obserrer in 
midille of ihe circuit; th^-y coucvived that 
thcvrlocitrafelectricity was'iiislautiuieoua.' 
In 17')1 \Vat*o», then ''the nioai interestaj 
and aetivi> itenon in thn kingdom in er«fT- 
ihiiif; ndatnifT to electricity' (PKtf«t^g^ 
took trri'iit tToiiMe to di'niiinittnkte tbe 
of coriain blAlt^menls of (ii^n: Matthiaa 
(17]0^17<ll)»nil Johunn Ileinrich Winkler 
<17(K{-177t)i In Krbniiiry 17'i:i ho ^nrean 
account of the expenmentii on the ehx.'lrieal 
dir^^harjj^'inractio.onwhi^r'hhcliAdbeenooca' 
pied »i nee 1747. which, lo^elher with thoM- 
Sollet.are the fimt on the subject. In (-»pt-n 
nieniul <1i>(aiU he wu» help-\t by John Sui 
itin [f|. v.] ftad by I.or>l Charli'a Cavondi 
llw s\\'ix aa accurate account of the plu'ni 
nii.-iin, findu llintrenifiwiatrconducts eii*ct 
city, though not so well ait metahi. and ui 

furen the diecharsv to the aurora bon-atl 
fn Ifl Itec. I'&i he read before the Hoy 
Society t ho substance of a letter to Liird A 
Aon. ttr«l lonl of the admimlty, advocatii _, 
the use of the lightning couduciors uf Fraalt^; 
lin for the powder majiaztne then bein^ coa< 
irtructL-dnt riirtlwt. Tho Royal .'vH-irty wi 
formally connulu-d in Iho aiatti-r, am) a e«: 
witlce WHS ap^mintcd tn consider it, Mnsi 
iiig of Watson, Henry Cavtmdisli [q. v. 



m 

i 

bla^ 



Watson 



47 



Watson 



FninkUn, JolitiKobert60B<1712 1776) L'|. v.J. 
and Benjitniin Wilnon [q. v.]; tliej rcporle^ 
^Tnunilily in \77'j. 

Wilt-'"'- •'•■'"-ica! exTOrimtml)" b^ciimf' 
fainoiM < ntitic circW. (ieargclll 

(llWD I'm l^),tlie [InkpoffMinUT- 

lma<\, and other fiuhiotiablt^ peopltt Trent to 
•w tUtm nt Ui» hoiiw iu Aldernnilo Street. 
In ITi'iO {ioc. eit. xlvi. 5»i) Wkuon coin> 
mnucalirtl lu iLl* ICovol S>ciet>i *eevfTs1 
{Mtprrw c(inft-rnii»g a new semi-metal caUed 
plalicuu' Thu crvKliL of the iutnxlucti'Mi of 
pbitiniim liMKin tliU Account been aacftbcA 
tAWiiTt(nn,andiilmto his nanM-aak-.-, Kioli&riJ 
"'' 1 I I^H- v.], l>iH)lO{l of I .l»ti<l«l]'. Tin* 
! in(wt important of Ihfi papers ui by 
^'i uiirnri JlrownripK [<i. v.", wliu li.ij titmniiiir 
liecii Rii in I 111- -irKTim.iis of' )>tfliinA (ii I'intn' 
from (liv S[Mau!i \\'e«t Ituliia« by C'tiwlus 
Wood aino yttn iMrevioiinly. Awl limwnriw 
denrmi inont cn-Jit in llix matter, W'atwn « 
fmpnr bpiuii mcreU a conimeDtary on DritHH- 
"' "*" In l"''i7 (Grnt. May. xxvii. 6( \V«i- 
I ifat^ubiioimbnt tinportuit [inrticnl 
m tluit inslirdd of corerin^; tlti': lend 
valer I'tp'**. osft 'o MJpjily hmtM-A, witli 
lion»-dua)r. to piY'Vcnt th«in from froezitig', 
tlioc »liuuM he proridml with t^v<>cl•cllK, *0 
AA to eiit olf the Auppty ftn'1 orapty tliam 
(luring &dK. 3^ 

TliB mo«t important of Watmi late wicul 
papcn is lliat un the Stnr-pufT bnlSmjlM'''') 
which lirst dn'W ih» siteittion of conta#|Ctl 
lMilani»lA tr> huwork (PAiV. Trttna. xHii.'flifc 
ivuI201>i»c 17^4). M«Dyof hi». botanic^ 
pspeni lire hiaioneal ^ummnrie^, ilioirin^ 
ensA kaowlcdgojuid ifrvpicuctty. <>ii7 M»y 
17.5;* (li. xlrii. 4-l.'») do n-ad ft l')nK af«oiiut 
of a maiiuwript trvatiso bv LV r>'yu.<'ji»cl, 
{troviiiu tliHt cornl whs nf^animiit and ni.>t 
rof^ttiltU- origin, which had befn LMmmnni- 
c«(>il N' I'l" l'»ri» Arad<»niy <if S»ri''tnT'» in 
I7_ Wted. In K.MOA.xhiii.dl.-.i 

111- , I that th»' holly is ' polyK""""** 

In thv • i JfDtlemun'fl MnniJEiiie,' I Z-ti, p. r).1.% 
WktKm piiMisbtHl ovi-'T n*^ initinU a nntirr 
aiytmn^'M^'tiNpfrifiplaHtarnm. in wbi. ' 
•Utli'^r M'l forlh hi* nvw fnethod of n < 
clal un«, and pronounced it to be thu ' maf :cr- 
piNti of thi^ miut cnmplt<(it naturalist the 
world hat I'vrr iM.im/ but in^vi-rlUKlfss etiti- 
cian<«ftnin d^taiU. In tlie following; ypv 
{Gffit. Moj/. Kxv. .117) l.innaxiti n>pliitd to 
bid aoonymtiu* orilic, whom ht^ cnlb ' in ri< 
hvrWriu tiolidiMimum et honeetiMimnm, 
Mimnl L't miliMtmum judicrm.' WatAoii did 
much u> inUttlucu thii Linnjeaasytitem into 
EoKhuid. II0 wrote a numbvr of mt'diMl 
nmnojn dtialing with ciu>n of poiHoniue 
by fangt. &<^ ; but his chii^f mfilica) noiii 
•ietd* nrich epidemics. In Dcecmbpr 1 7*32 h<.' 



uublulinl if AH. Tntfu. UL tU6) m letter to 
hilt friend John Iliixliani f<l-v.~ on th>- 'cutar^ 
rliul disord^' I indii^nial of May 1702, cind 
ihr dv««nt«ry that folluwed in tlii.> autumn. 
In I'Vbniarj- 1763 (hc.rif. liii. lO) \iv pub- 
lished an inten>stin]^cur9or««vciv Qiu«cular 
rif;idity by mtiana uf ntoctricity. lie ptib- 
Ufltml various pap«r# in tbi.* ' Londun Mudi- 
cal Obsenrationa^ (iti..So, it. 7H, i:iiM 'oo 
putrid mvaelee' (wv CkEmuTux, £/u'deinic€ 
in Britoin, li. 7(WS, iv. 321). In KtiH Wat- 
eua publisbtHl ka % pamphlet *An Ai-cnunt 
of a Srrir-" of Expi'rinu'nt* instituI*M| with 
a view of a<uN-nainin|; the moot kuc-cciisful 
Method of inoculating the Smallpjx.' Wat- 
iwn found thiit pr>-paial .-iry drugH had no 
elTect, thar mat ttT from iiai ural or inoculated 
smallpox produced the <muii< rraull, uiid that 
it wtu iuadvi^ablt* t'l tnoouUte children 
under three yeara of ajfw. 

A portrait of Wat«on in oili*, by L. F. 
Abbot, givan by liu!»itt<>r,and an ''ii^fraviug 
Uwrefiron by Tliomthwaice (17117) are in 
tlw powoMioa of tlw Iluyal Society, lie 
liiid A maaaivA though not handsome face, 
with hipblyarcbedinretvowaand larf^c orbit«. 
W'aiAon left one oon, and a daiif^hter, uiar- 
ritfdlo Edward lleadon, rector of Nort h Stuno- 
linm, Hampshire, brother oC Itii-bard lt<rai)on 
[4. V. , bi.-)l>op of Bath iinJ Wella. Thtt mn 
i.oi'niiiablvlobe ideuli tied with th» Willi AX 
Watson tl744-182.'.?)iun., .M.D., Iwm on 
, 2H Au^. or y Sept. 1744. He was kuightvd 
on (i March 17fl« (.Tliowsox, Hist, a/ tht 
Jioyal S'icie(v). electwl F.K.S. on 10 XUx, 
17ti7, and fti!mitt..d on 19 May 17lW. Ilo 
rontnhnt«vl a paper on ib^ bluo dliark to lbs 
' Philo»ophicml TraDsactioas' (Ixviii. 7W>. 
Il<> dit-d about \%iTt. 

I dsrl'a rii.iirKiiiii Km, Hi. itlfl ; Chnlman'a 

lliofftyM.:-!.; r.riit, .M«g, Ks;, i. 4*4: KoUn- 

- - T- ■ uf Mtri^lmni Tnylwi" SchoMl. ii. 88 ; 

.1 rl% Ittigjr. Li'imi-. Handworlvrbucli, 

' iiPi ; Pii1ii.'Hi'.i'b .'^kt-tobca of ibn I*ro< 

kreas ut Kiiluij \n in-^Utti. 1790. ii. 206-340 

'frhr* nuisl enmphicn meiiioir; proWbly wriltitn 

' I pergonal kHavI^lg^): HunVaCall. of Phys; 

I'K: riiomscinf. Hi»t. of tho Itoyul Am^ 

1.^I2, App, p, slii ; B*'conl of lh» Kojnl Sue,. 

1807; Croigbtoii's Kwd^miM in Pniain. I.t(l4. 

ii. pavim; Mat/s Indax to the I%il. Tiuna. 

voU. i»Ui.; W'ni»)a*aovB papers ; I'risttlay's 

' Hist, of Kloctrwity, fttb atlic. 1794, paaailm; 

' Uopoa'a Uaaebtchl« >l*r Elvktriritiil. paanm; 

Wivdamani)'* L»hr« von Klwktnciifit, pasiini : 

infornatioD fnmi Pnf. Marcus llartAg of 

QaMn's Coll., Cotk.J P. J. H. 

WATSON, Km WILLIAM lIKMtV 

lUyi-l:*""*!. baron of ih>! exchL-i]»i-r, bnm 
at K'tm boron e;h in 17t)tS, waslbi* »on of John 
\\'at'«oii, captain in tbo 7<ltli fool, by l-^liso- 



Watson-Wentworth 48 Watson-Wentworth 



bptli, (iniiffliierof Henry (iroyornambonHiffli) 
Xonliumoertani]. Ue was educxtiHl nt tne 
Rnyiil Militftiy Collrge, llnriow, ami given 
acotDRiiifiion i» the iBtrovaldn^ooiuby tbo 
riukp of York on 7 May Wl L', Hiring trflli 
kU rot^iiiK-at ill lh« Spnni-ih peninsuln. 
M'hen it 17A4 Tednc«d in 1814 lie exelianf^d 
inii; tl)<3 4klidniguo[MDn 13 April 181{}, vrilli 
whom 111' .iitvikI in Itetsium anil Prance, lie 
waii prcHeiil at ibe buttle o{ Wat4srloo and at 
tlie entry of thr iillii.*il Hrraii-N hito lYHs. 

Me was plncei] an the half-pay lUt on 
£5 March loKi, anil ihe nt^xt jiwr entf-nxl 
aa a atiideiit. at Ijinonln'it Inn, ami by hard 
work BDon became competent tu prnctbe as 
a apocidl t>k^n(ic-r, and roiilinnc<l to do M 
uutil I83li, wh«!ti lie ^iia called lo the bar 
in Liatrolii'n Inn. He ioiiiL'd tbi.^ DOrtbrm 
circiiii, wlitTi'' he fuiiiiu work and becttO)« 
popular. In lt^4| be enteivd tli^ IIoufl«of 
CommonR na librral mumliiT for K!n«a1«, 
for which Ixuviijih Im wit till 3M7. lu 
18lS h« hcrnme a Q.C. and a beiiclior nf hia 
inn. lie was an utMiii-cvsKfut cntiititUlr 
for Xew(rrLfitlf-ftii-Tynp in The liberal in- 
ten.'st, July 1W»2, but in l^M Iw whs 
I'k'CtL'd Tiienibcr for Hull, and srti a* 
Bucli until on S Nov. IHW be was created 
baron of f heexehcqiier, to SQCL'fod Sir Thorn (w 
Jovliua I'Iftli [y, v.] Ite waa Icnigliied on 
SH Xov. of the itaniL' y«ar. Watson proved 
himeolf a {ndpre po«MB«d of clear head and 
Mroiifi oimtl, but bie carver on the bench 
■waa Tery short. On tlia conclusion of his 
clinrse lo tli« rrand jur>' nt Welshpool, 
12 March I860, be wosseited with apoplexy, 
mid diL'd ihi! next day. 

WntftOM macrii'd, tir.-it, in lH2t>, a dnugh- 
lur of WJUiaui ArmstrooK ot Xowcastle-on- 
Tyn*', nnd »ii>tfr of l^oril .^rmntrotij^; »ti- 
uonilly,in Ifttl. Mnri-, dniiphter of Anthony 
llnlliot of Midhur^l.HuHHex. 

Ho was di.Hlin)^iiii»hed 09 an atlvwat* by 
honesty nrnJ earnestneM rather than elo- 
quence, but WAS a Bound lavryor uid the 
author of two (lor a time) atandard pro- 
fa-Afiional works : 1 . ' A Trcatiso on Arbitra- 
I ion uud Award,' Londun, \fi'25, Svo\ Srd uJ. 
ld4Q. 'J. ' A Trealifto on the Law rt-latini^ 
to the OBioe and Duty of Shn-riff," 8vo, 1 827 ; 
2ad »a. 1848, by William Nnwlwid Welaby 
[q. v.] 

[Uoroine P*t>i ; Gem. Mai;. 1840. i. 432; 
Fom'a Jad^a ; Law Alag. ; I^d'a KnichtAg^ ; 
Army LiWh. 1813-17.1 W.t'-u. 

WATSON-WENTWORTH, OHAKLKK, 
itei-und MABQi'ia OF Rot'KiNiniAU (I'^U- 
17i*2), born ..n 13 ^Uy 1?30, wn« fifth 
nnd only suriivinji son of Tliomos Wat- 
SOQ-Wenlwortb, maniius of tCockingham, 











by Mary, daugbter of Daniel Fi: 
MK^mil MtVl of XnttinKhara and »ixth rarl 
WinchiUea j|-t-] Hb deMdided (Votn Sir 
I.«>wiM Wat»on,firstbaronnoc1(iD)fhani[q.T.] 
Kin prand father, Tbomu Watwn, thira son 
of Edward Watson, seeond baron Kecking- 
bnra, by .\nnc, f1r«t dau^trr of 'rhonuw 
Wentworlh, first earl of rrtrairord, inhcri 
the Wr.ntworth estates, and a».-.umt-d 
addilional suruami,' of Wvutwortb. 
father— (treated on 2M May 1738 Ramn 
Wi-ntworth of Malton, Vorksbire, and on 
19 Nov. 1734 Raron of llarrowdvn, and 
Vificount Hlfrhara of lligliam Femfr*. 
Northnmntonaiiirv, and Baron of Walb anJ 
Karl of Mnlion, Yorkshire — *«a:<h^ded to thi- 
"barony of Itockinpham on ilu.'deatb(3tiFi'b. 
174/M!> of hi* CtiUiin. Tbnainn Wataao. 
third earl of liockingham — ihe oarlduni and' 
OMiociated honours, except the barony, " 
becoming o.Minci — and was croiired 
10 April 174ti ManiuiH of ItocLinghnm. 

Charles Wution- Went worth, styled in 
hi« ftttlii-r's lifHinif ViM'oiitu Hicham and 
Eiirl of Malton, wns edncaied at Wf*fmiji»i 
nt.T 9>choid and St, John's CoUetje, t'ai 
bridge. He waa ciy*rH on I" JSi-pl. 17 
an Tri«h peer by the titles of Darou aoj 
Kfirl of Miilton, co. Wieklow, and on tie 
death, of hia filter on 14 Dor. th« aaaa 
T(-flr miciy-edod to nil his honours. H« took 
Ilia neat in tb« Houw of Lords on 9! May 
17o), anil in ihe following Julv was ap- 
pointed lord -lien ten nnt of the North mm) 
Euftt Hidings of Vorkshira. He was elertrd 
F.n.S. on 7 Nov. ]7r»l. and F.R.A. 
13 Feb. 17W. On 27 Feb. I75r> \w 
appointed vice-admirul of Ynrkubire. 
waa installed K.*^). on Mav 17lK). and 
on thi' acrejmion of Oeorge itl continued 
In the odirn of InnI of ihc bedchamber, 
which hf lind held since 1761. Iq ITW hff 
waa appointed (_14 April) trustee of Wert- 
minsler school and (11 t-W.) Roromor of 
ihe Chnrtcrhouso: in I7B6 (7 Aprih hip:* 
tteward of Hull. KockiEigbum was bred b 
the stricteal whip principle*, and even n 
boyhood wait t:o full of zeal for the booM 
of llanoTc^r that during tli<* wint«r of 
174fl-f) ho clipped a%vny from Wcntworth 
and joiiiml tliti Duke of Cumberland*! 
standard at Carlisle. He never coquetted 
with Leicester Uoiue, or sliowdd thir 
slightest, disposition to comtiroiiUB« with th» 
party of prerotrative which, on the »ee»- 
flion of GcorK« Tit, Lord Bute iMigaii lo 
or^nise under tlia tipucious deeij^nation of 
' kind's frieuds,' On th« ete of \iii 
signature of lliu preliminaries of the pcact 
of Paris, lie followed the exampl<> of 
DcTon^hiru [eee Civ^JSBtsH, W 



rtrd 




VVatson-Went\vortl 



49 



^tson-Went\vortl 



fourth DeKB cip DuTiiHSii iukI in resignioir 
hi* plkce in itie be^bamber {A Nov. |7iV2). 
He WM thsKupon dtainif»etl from Iii^ lieu- 
tenaaciw (Ueceoiber) and tlie othce of \'ux- 
natiiiral of VorkghiK r*J9 Jaii. 176>3). A 
heaitaal spcakL-r, Uc iDBi^en>^ brilliant parlin- 
m^iitarr ilt-biit, and meddled little with 
poUtice until, ia March 17<K>. bf- was in- 
ducml bjr ]>^inl JoLa ('Avt'odii<lt to occnm- 
pjuiy him lo llaycs to Eolicit I'itl's couoavl 
CAdaid in organiiiing iiji|iniiitton In tiie arbi- 
traiy mcaaure^ tak*>ii br the (irrnrille-Bed- 
furd adminUtralionn^nintit 111? Hiqiport^raof 
\Vi!W«, From lbi^ miii.iion linckittKbam 
Kdimi-d \eiv dii'iat istied with Pui. Jle in 
eoibteiqunncc dr^jw .■■li:>**rr to NewciWtlt; [*M 

l*(!LU.VJI-lIOLI,E«. TlIUMiS, DCIE DF NeW- 

CA"TLK-tTON-Trxi; . by wbotn lie was con- 
auhed durini; lli<.- iirul<ii;L''t<l ptru^lu on the 
leitvncv bill. Huriiip the eriiis wliit^b re- . 
au)C«cl Itockingham rviceivt'd tbroii^'h Cum* I 
berland siri»r»l« ori-rliiri'-s, conrurrviit willi 
thruM) mane to Pin, for the fonnntion of a 
eoalttioii adniiuii>tratiiin, nnd, oti l'ilt'»<l?iB- 
Ditivi< refusal of nlfice, aMwi)t«d the irea- 
uury.waBBWomofthepriTycounciUlOJuly), 
«nd reappointed lord lieiiti>nant of ihe vtfsi 
and Bortli ridings of Yorluhirt.' (T Au^.) 
Tbtt i^reat ami wa^ reuincd by Nortliin^- 
ton and the flt«i. lonlsUip of thQ admiralty 
t>y Kfrmonl, but Kt^'ppel wai made a junior 
lonl [see FIeni.et. Honr.ltT, first K&HI. of 

N'HIIIUSCTOX; l'KIiCKV,\L, JoHX, WCOod 

i*RT, or Lgmoxt; and Kkppkl, AvarsTP*, 
riBi-ovsx Kepj-elH. Oraflon and Conway 
ere madi^ ntKrcLariea of atatn for the 
arthem and eou( bem deporlnients tv- 
jiivply [km FrntROY, .\i:or.<»TD* IIrsrt, 
iird DtKK Of Giwrios; uid Cosn*r. 
Is.vKV SbtHOCIi]. WJllinm nowdeewell 
\7i\ I'Tlitfii. T. toot theaoalBof tk' t.x- 
hc^uerand N»wcii»tle l)ii> privy «eal, Daniel 
finch. Hvitntli earl of WinchdiMMi, beconiu 
sid«nt of thi# council, and W'illiitm Leggv, 
cond carl of Dnrtmouth [*|. v.^, president 
lliu board ttf Iradn. L»ni J"!iri Cuvt-n- 
jiib ^ij. v.", Thomas TownBliond (uHerwanls 
?Ucount Sydiiwy) \i\. v, i, und tJuurge (utter- 
la I»rdj OiiaJow [i\. v.] wi^ro nruvided 
; Mtnia nt the traafiury board. Ilerring- 

Vd[b«L' BAKltlVrtfOS, \VlLI.UM Wll.DMAJC. 

aeeond Vieoiust Bahkixutov] vnm mtulc 
retary d1 war, and Cliarl>.« Towusheiid 
v.] payinoAler of the fntdM, Chit'f- 
IllHtictt I'niti was created lliLron Camden 
[ae« Pbatt, CilABLKs, first Eahl Camdes]. 
tbe lower houac the ^\cnim(>iit' wks 
ngtbeiwd by tho return of Kockini^- 
im's private secretary. Edmund Burku 
L*)' '^-Ji '"^ '-'*' borouf[Ii of W«ndorrr. 

On the Americoii queotion ministers (ox> 

VOL. LX. 



cept Norlhiuifl'in, BaniDgtolt, and Town- 
vliend) vn-vv iiidinrvl to bfi accommodatiug. 
Novimhole«s iltey hesitated, and it was ml 
until the iprin^ of 17tW, and bh«n only^ 
undiYprMsnr<> mim I'itt and Csmli-n, that 
they propoied the re|)«ttl of t!ie f^caiup Act. 
The measnre waa carried in thu toclh nf 
iho dec«rmlned opposition of the Oreurille- 
BiKlfurd faction, reinforcl^d in somo dcBTCA 
by tho king's frivnd^. Tlio kinjj htin^ulf 
wa« known to prefer the modification of tho 
measure to its n-peal. Tha nspual was 
facilitatwl livn coiicurti-nlstnliitnrydi^clarft- 
lion of the abHoUiCe auppi-inacy of parlia- 
ment oviT th« coloniit, to whii-b practiool 
cffoct wa* given by ft new .Mntiny Act, 
under which the provincial a&<«Diblies were 
requirL-d to appropriiiti> fund* for tho 
miarlt;rin(^ und muuuenance of the trjopa. 
Th>* L-olomeA were^anteda more favour^iblo 
tariQ*, tho evoston of the ua^ i)fiitiun laws bv 
the Spuniah bullion slupn wa» nkfliiclioneu, 
and tht) laws tht'mwlvetf wert'slij^hily relaxed 
in r«pini to tli« W'fM [iidte*- Ti> ihe cliaj^rin 
which iht* repeal of the Stump Act caused 
the king, □liiii'tert added tliq further morli- 
licnTion of n-fueing an allowance to hia 
brothers and carryiug {2i, 'J't April) resulu- 
liona condeuiniitory of general werranta. 
On 14 May Grafton resigned, and, though 
hU nuccesiKir wna found in Kii^hmomi [seo 
LcN'yox, C'lUKUSi, third Vv%r. op JiiCH- 
KOSV \, a negotiation which had iou^ [»ea 
pending betweftfl Pitt and tho court ended 
in KuckiuLfliam's di^uiiwal and Pitt's rulum 
to power nt the do^ of the folbiwing July 
[see TlliXLi:r, liouEicr, E.lkl ob' NuKiiiixu- 
Tov', Imnit-diiili'Iy iifL-r ibc pron>gatinn 
of '2 July ]"(»" It'Jckinghiim was oummici- 
flioDpd byOmOon fo furtn iin adininistrntion 
Upon anestenaive plan; btic, after prolonged 
dixcussiun, tb^ irrueuncilable divisions of 
the wbig« caiiP4^d the abandonmiint of iht: 
project. Uockingbam was di>beart<?ned by 
the suhscmiLnt fusion of tho Bedford faction 
witli tho iiiugs frieudi, and except to join 
in ih<- protest ogaloat tlie limitation of thu 
Eu£t India Company's dividend on 8 Feb. 
]7*W, niid to move in March 17<!il for dn- 
tailed accounts |ireliiiiitmry to the diechargH 
of thu di'bc on ihe civil lint, h« took littls 
pnrr. in puhliir atlairs until Chatham's rettmi 
to St. Stephen's. 

A call of The HntLW of Lords moved by 
llockiugliam in conEei{U>ence of the retnovtU 
of Camden was di>fi'fttcd by an adjournment, 
against whicli he enterod his prulust in tliu 
juiiriial (1") Jan. ITTO). lie wivt^d for 
(2:iJan.), and with Chatham's aid obtained 
(2 Feb.), a committeii »f Iht- whole houi*i! 
on the state of the nation ; in which he wni? 

ii 



'aison-Wentwoi 



ratson-Wcnl 



ui^oftLeliou»uor(.*oiutiiuD« iiiibi'iiiutierof 
the. MiddleAex eloction [see ^Vii^es, JahKj. 
Tb*j iniooritv rucurdud their pt»l«Bl in ilie 
joiirnnl nf tlw houKo, nnil tvplii'tl liv a similar 
protest to a volo deprecating interferfliio' by 
sitltcr li»UM> in tnaU«ra of whirb th« other 
hiul I'xoluMvt! ruf^iaance. Itocltinghain a]m> 
HUpport«*rlCliatLiim"«molioiiforan»ecouiit of 
tho i-xpf-Tiditurtt nn t1i» civil list (14 Miirfh), 
joliivd in till? iinit««b agtutut tlie n-jectioii 
cpf his bill to reyene Uia adjudictttioiu of 
the IluuiM.- urCuDimoni in thomiLttur of tliti 
Middli^Jtex pleciion {1 Mivyl, but (U-cliiied to 
follow liim in hL« alt^mtit to force an ub- 
inwlintv diMiiiliiliini (11 ^^l\v^. U"'fijllowi»d 
RidimondV lf>ad in ci'DBiiring tht> i^in-ctimu 
iwuim) fay UilUborouRh for ibv dissolutioa 
of tho osMMnbly of Miut.wcbiii!«tlA Ti«y and 
the siifi pension of th» r»vi>niie laws in Vir- 
ffiiila (1-^ Mny). IK- nlio supported Itich- 
Diond':) aioiiun lorpaptrrs ndaUvo t« thit Falk- 
(niiil Isliiudft iiot'sliou i'J'J Nov.), and jotued 
(lO Dix.) in tliv unilv^^c ii^ainKL tlio forciblu 
Clutinincv of l)iM lioiisi- bv whicb dfbatr on 
tlif Htnlc ofthi- national (lefenoee vaa stifled. 
RiicUiri^linm jiaid a tribute to c>Ttc TirttU) 
by visiting I ^trd-mayor HrtM (.'rosby fq. v,^ 
and Alflvrmnn Oliver m tbe Tower (SUMarcli 
1771). lie redcmval tht ■•xt>>n«ion of tlic 
prerojistive effectod by the Jtoyal Mamaei* 
Acl of 1772, and p«rp(.-ltiatt>d the grounda 
ofhU opnosition inann)>1<'i>mto«t (S March). 
In 177o liu Bki[i|iorii>J i:^ April) ibo nii'««iin; 
relicvinp proti-«tanl diFscnton and Acbool- 
ioa*l<-ni from thu partial »iti«criptiun to thi^ 
Thirty-nino art icW of relipioti rtyjuin-i! by 
ihe Toltraliuu AvI, juinfd (lO Juiii>) in the 
prol«at againat the rtijeclion of Kirbiuond'a 
mottOD for a messe^ to th« nouoe of Coat' 
mon> praying ilij»cl*wiir>' of flie •-videno? on 
which the India bill wa^ founded, and in 
the Mihaoqiient i>roti!>«.t |l'.)-Jun«) a^nat 
the tnnnsure tt«(.'1t. Hi- nmratt^ thi^ tn^Aaures 
of 1774-5 i-oabiing u ciianu« of vmiuo for 
trialH of persons proo'K'iitt'd in Maasachuatitta 
Bay foructt- doni.' in i^xL'Ciitiun of tlic law, 
and laying; the exienial and inlirnal Lraili- 
of thu colonies undtT iutonliol ; supported 
(20 Jan. 177") Chat bam a motion for tti« re- 
call of the troops from Rnston; and, aft«r 
novine to tlie addreu on 31 '^t. 177C an 
amendnifnt d>-prccating tho coutinuance of 
the Ktru^le, n>i.-ord«d nu prottft B£UD*t it^ 
rejiicttOD. and virtually aecedeit from the 
houu. The ot[ic<j of v iw-admiml of York- 
ahiro wai thereupon raaton-d to liim { 1 R Ut^} 
Hmcnrliii; from hia cave on the ooncluaion 
of the Franco- AnMrica II alliaBcv, ItocUof^ 
bam ciTwured North's (ronciliatory hills [see 
NuBTH, I-'kedesick, H-cond Cam. or Qvur 




I fosd] a« iuadeqoate, and doclared for tlis 
I immedtiite nwo^tiou of thv indopeudciie* 
' of the coIobIm (9, 17 March I77»). Tba 
subsecjucnt denoncialrjn of war a outranem 
nsainrt thi> cnloniiix by tlir. peace conuni*- 
.•uoQi^re draw from him on indignMil »- 
mon«tranoe (7 Dec.) In tJw tnterral h» 
bad If'nt hiit support to Sir Qoaij^ 8ftnle'» 
measure for the partial enfrauckiMmeDt ' 
Roman catholics (25 Mav). 

ItodciDebam was awduoua in aKendan 
on Keppelduring hia eonrt-martial at I'orti 
' uuuth|(uid,ou thoad&unil']sii«>4i(rCla],mui 
' intheHouseof Lords a vote of thanks for his 
eminent icnricAi (16 Feb. 177(*). lie aljso 
{ in tin* courw of ITTU moi-rd au addraw 
' (11 May) on the didtreased state of Irel&cdf 
I led the attack on Lord Sandwicb'a ad 
simion of the nary <2n June), and on thft, 
criminal negligence which sent Kempcufeldt, 
to ae« with an inadiX|iiat4.^ force founded 
motion for thn wiihboklini; of further sa 
pliea (19 1»bc) lJeal»0ftupi)orlcd(l,7 Dec.) 
SbulburouV cphsuk npuu itiv govenituiuit'l 
nifilMt of iriitli airain, and ICiohmond'a 
motion fi>r njform of the civil list. e«tAbtiGli- 
ment- Plwxmnti^nancinf^ tlw HfiiLAtion olVI 
thf' following year for short mrliament 
an«l A wide swftrap". he received oni rvjwled 
Norlh'a OTerttirM for a coalition (H Jnly)^ 
la 17til hecenaured the ruptiiK with Holland 
as both unjust and impolilir ('-'^ J(^n.\ anc 
czpOMd the corrupt and imph.viib-nt Riann«l 
inwhich thelonn wasrai**d (t'l March), Oj 
the eve of the fall of XorthV adminiAratic 
llockingbau r>>i:eivt.'(l ihroiigh Tburlow 1 1 
TiifHJ-ow, Edwabd, first Load Tiiriitowl 
overturus which, aflvi eonur delay, rMuItvq 
in the formation of a coalition (27 Marci 
171^^1. Itockingh&m received the trettfiurVf, 
Ijord John Cnwndiatb the exclwonar, Sbolm 
burne wn« mailo home and colonial BeareUl^ 
C'harlea JttUKe Fox fq. v.] fora^n McretatTn 
Caavdcn prwideot or the counei). Tbitris^ 
retained the great seaLand Orafton rvcMTc 
the priiT'seu. TUchmond lK7C(un<' master 
gvownl of til* ordoancet KeppiO tir^i kira o 
the admiralty, Conway oonuuandcr-in-clUt] 
Portland went to Duhlin as vicvruy. Tli 
administration waf> diMOlved by Hocking^] 
ham's death (1 July 1762). hut not before 
legislature indepeod«B C« had baaa ooDoadad 
10 Ireland, ana the power of the emwn 
conuderably curtailed by the reduction ofj 
the houAohold, thi> dij>franchi94>m>'nt of' 
nivenuc ofSiKrs, and the excluaioii of go- 
venunent contractors from tbn Houm of 
ConUDDna [see Pmrir. Witi-UH. first 
qcia OF LAjm&owxK, and Wilku, Joim]. 

Rockinirham wa« buried (20 July) in ih< 
chioir of York Minstvr. Hy Ida wife MMry~\ 






(m. -26 Feb. i;.V2,rf. 19 Doc. 18l>li.(litu7hl«r 
of Thomas ltn||;bt,fonoerly LiddvlUufUud*' 
worth. YorI«lii», he let't no iMUdn Uia 
hoaimn bvcuuv ttXlinct. His uelntw de- 
volved upon liis nepbew, Williniu Wt-iiu 
wuriU HuwiUutiD,fi*ieaiid uarl i-lizwiiliom 

in- v.] 

In Lhti NstioD«l Portrait Cliilliiry tintl at 
Tluckin^luin IVilaeeareibrw-iiusrtt-r-leufiitU 
ponraiui of Rockingluta uopi'd fram iLc 
ori^nal, bv Sir Joshua Itvynjld^, io the col- 
lection of liOrd Filxwilliam. Another copj 
Tva» exhibited by Lord Uardwicku tl tuu 
Qnwf ftoor 0*Uor7 in 18*M, wmI wn* part of 
Uib.Mildautj-i:oU«!tioiidiBpcrB«NiiitCliFifitiu'& 
in 1-Stm. I'or PH^nriiiit* mw l^dgv'a 'l*nr> 
trute' ADtl ' liockin^liam'a Mfuncira' b; 
AlliBiiiarle. Otimr |Kirtrr>it n nf Itijckin|;liani 
tUNs a wbole-lmf^h br ICt^yiioldfl nt A\'ind!Ktr 
Ctwtiv, uid n thrwMjimner-leD^h by Wilson, 
of both nf which tlie^ro nre <.'ngr«vin^ in 
Uie Cntiah Muwuin. A mausoleum tt 
Wi-ntwoilli I'Ark c-oiitAins hix alatuu bv 
NollekenA. lbt> p«dt>«tul iiiHcribi'd with hiis 
euiotry by Dnrku (cf. ' Hue^ch on Americati 
Titiniion,' ID April I7'i, Ri'kkb's SbMeAet, 
ed. ISIO. i. 1^12). 

ilttekini^huni waa on ohi irbi^ of sterling 
honc^ly who, during n long period of id- 
vfifiity, amti^ndfd manfully HMinat a cyir* 
rupt system of (rov<^>mmenl. Ue wm, how- 
eViT, by no oMMins » ereat FtAbsmmn. His 
poliey to^-ords An«nc« and Trtiland vriut 
tXKT^ opt>ortuni«ni. At the cMmmeiicem*"!!! 
of the n'ilkM nffaii he orrwl by defect, and 
toward* its i:Iu»e by uxwts, of Jieal. In his 
jurt jftiilou«j-of the influence of the crown hft 
«liowed a dupMiiion lo push (.-vuiiamy lo the 
vcr^ of chceftefnring, while h>- tifnon-d lht> 
far wvif^htier ijtiwrlioa of the reform of the 
repreMentativu nysteok. 

[AlbMDsrl«'a Memoirs of RoekiDgham: K<ip- 
pel'fl Life of Kepptd; Qrcnvtltfl Pnpen^ oA. 
!Sniith ; Walpole'pt Mentuir* uf the Hoi^D of 
Owr)^ III, od. Lo ^luvtisat. reviw^ hy RuucU 
Barker; Walpol)>'» Jourtml of llie R«ijtn of 
Omti^ IIJ, md. Dornn; Walpol«'B I>it«n, ed. 
Cnni!>at;l>»m ; Oraftuu'ri Aatshiogr. ed. Anson ; 
M lir. lir%. 1767. p. 303; Prat«ars of 

t.Rogon; IWl. flist.vol. xri-sxiii.; 
CtircTKiinuii DdmlMuf the Hous* of Cumiuoiuk 
1. B7e, flBI.7, eon.?: Ad-ht. aiSS. 0828 f. 103. 
S2723-33108; Wrr-^.U'. ih.t. uml |Vi*lh. M«- 
moify, .jl. AVfcpatl ii-Hc*i'« Lifoof dboi- 

bvrntt. Bu«kinf;K.> > -^of iho<'oarta«Dd 

CsbiiH^la of Gfwrge 111; i.luthnm'o CarrMf),; 
Burku's Uomvp. ; McmariaU and Cwrrwp. of 
Charifts Jamu l-'ox, ed. Lord John KtMu«|]. i. 
116. li'il. 20S: CorrMp. of Juho, fourth Duka 
of ilodford. td. I^rdJohn RuwUi EurlRutttell'a 
Life of Chari«« Jamua Fox. i. 278 «l tmq.; 
TrcTclyaa'a Body Uijlorjr of Cliactet James 



L 



Pox ; Gent Xng. 1782, i. 369 ; Abo. B«g. 1 78S, 
Chron. p. 289; Allen's Yortahire, i. J2I. iii. 
172: Doyle's OlllrialBBrOMifK: Jliirke'ti Kstinci 
Peerage; Adolphtij'a Hist, of Baal.; Biwet's 
Hiat. of the K*iga of Geotx* I]I ; MuMy's 
HiM,of ICiig!.; Lrcky'a Httl. of Engl.; G. K. 
C[olMyn^]*A Complete PoCMne: HiaU M3S, 
Oaunt. Srd Rep. App. p. 232. 4ll) Rep. App, 
pp. 390. 102. ath Rep. App. pp. 310-11, 3.W, 
25S-8. 6Ui Rep. Apf. p. 21. 8th Rep. App. ii. 
131. Uth Rep. App. iii. in, 14,24,21.(11,132, 
!Oth Rep. App. i. SCO. li. 13. 24, 3U2. Ilth 
Kvp. App. ir. 3fi». r. 331, 13th Rep. App. x. A3. 
69. 14tii Rep. App. i. 11. 18, App. x. ISUi Rep. 
App. r. l.|6_ai J. M. B. 

WATT, JAMES (1730-1819), ongineeiv 
bDmatOre«ttockonl9 Jan. 1 7.^t,wiui grand- 
son of Thomas Watt (U(4i'-!7»4), a teacher 
of uuitbomutieflt Hurvoying, and navigation at 
en»wfordftdylte,i»ear Gnwnocii. The fallibf. 
Jamb* Watt (lO0e-17l»2) of ( liwnnek, ap- 
pear* to liave bwji a man of many pur»uil«t 
carpenter and joiner, bnilder and caMi^ctar, 
miithi.-Dial iral inetrtiment nukvr~lo eome 
exti^nt at leaat (for it npp^-ars be 'tmichttd' 
oompatiti n€edLee>— a Blnpownor, and a mei^ 
chant. Tlii« loMt callin)^ In that by which he 
is dcKribud id certain of the tourn pape», 
and this in the calling alaled on the tomb- 
sLono urt.-cted by Lis son, Jamea Watt, in 
IB08. Ke was luucli mspvcled and eeteemed, 
and in 1751 waa maili^ rhinf maitistnite of 
Greuiioch-. Kb died in I7J'2, in hiscipbty- 
founh year. .About 17178 be had moirittd 
Agnua MuirfaetuI: she apnt^ars la have been 
a meet tMcmplfiry ftnd devoted wifo and 
mother. Prior lo i tip birth of James, lim vn- 
fpneer, ^hn had sustaint^l the Iubh of trro Bona 
and an only daughter, who diuil in infiiiiey : 
three yeare aAerwanlF another son. John 
Wall, was born, who died at wa in 1708, at 
the ««e of twtaKy-fuur. The mothftr prede- 
ceased her bu&band in 17uo, at the age of 
fifty-two. 

JaueA Watt, the i>on, was nlwayH delicate, 
and Bofiered tbroushont liia lifit &am suvem 
attncko of hendache. Me lived with his 
parents till his eighteenth yoar Uu vraa 
first i^^nt to a eciiool in Greenock, kujit by 
one M' .\dnm. and was jeered at by hi«r«!h»we 
Its bein^ dull and «>pintles(t, a cunditian due, 
no doulit, tu his feehiL' health, f^ubxequently, 
■wben ibineuQ years of age, ho bt'gan to study 
geometry, and at <>nc« slmwed the BTvaiesl 
poscible interest in the mihjoct. lie then 
went to the (ireiju'icl* grammar school, wlmni 
lie acquired Iialin and aomc Gniek. During; 
his Ixiyliood hu u-aa a diligent worker in his 
father';) shop nn far as regards the malting of 
models, and ^ave early uridenoo of his great 
manual dexterity and of his power to turn 

b3 



p 



ouL JuliciLte work. At tho om of WTeuteqa 

to «'iffht>H?D he wa^ »>nt (A GtasgYivr tn live 
witii his tuulliuT*!! rrliicivi-v, t1ii.'n lu LoiidoD 
to imprrivr him.^lf (u* n mathemBt.ic!iU iii- 
Mrntnent inakL>r, and wilb ihie objiol btL-amu 
an sppri'ntic" nf Juliii Murirati, |>[iilii»o|>hi<'nl 
rnM ruioiit itinker, of Fioch Lane, ConihilL 
IIp found, Lowev^r, ttiat tlic ntnuiuplnTc of 
I^iinlnri -KM iiD6iiil«d W one nf hi.'fi dtilicnTi> 
bealtti, and in l«ta tlinn a year he rplumed 
to Oreonocl(. 1 Ic AiA not sta^ tht>TL> for an; 
lengtii of liuip, Ijut went Bud settled in 
QUuow, bein;f ihan in kin ttv^Dty-tirst. jroar. 
He turn flodcttvoiincl lu ouru a sliop, ii» 
malhoinflliral iiiBtrumviil maKer.intttnsgow, 
but wiR prpvcnivd by tho Corporation of 
I1amiiit'rini.'ii, lilt thi- ^nnind that In* had not 
«prve<l n prnpni* ■pprctiticwiliq). It wbs at 
tbiH jiinciiini ilint otiv ni' liix Kcbcil rriund- 
•lii|K* Altifu) liiiii iti (I'^od Rtend. Wait had 
f<ir liU most iiiliinalv scUoolf^^Uow Andrew 
Aiidi.-r«on, wli^idi' older broihi-r, John An- 
<l«niou H7'Ji^-\7W) [t|. v.], was profesaor of 
nnliira] pIiiloAouhy at (iliMgow L'nivenity. 
Thi> hoads of \\k- imivvt^iiv now cainv tn 
"W'att.'a nwiijttatiri! by iip])oi[itinn; bim math*^ 
nntiral inAtrum^nt muliur to tin? university, 
■nd by allowincc liim Liv t*Htatj1iHti n ivurkiilmp 
witliin itsprpcinfitfl, Hun* WoCi conliniic-d 
lo work and to improvi- biniKrir in various 
ways, and llo^«^ ho innde Che armmintnnrit of 
many cmineiit man, mt^h ae JosL'pli Glacli 
'*!■ ^'ii "'E' dincoviTt-r r)r lal<-nt heat; Adnm 
Rmilh^n.T.]; andJnlni |{ol>iw>ii [([.v.]. pro- 
f«Mor of natural philiwopliy, Hfiv nlso, in 
17(14 (wbt'n Wtiit wiw in hi* twtnlyi/ipluli 
year), ooounvd th» w«ll-known incidi.'nl of 
the rwpnir of the model of A Ncwfomcn tire 
(flt<>iiiii) t.-ii|iiii>', bi-loti(iiiig to tbi! university, 
whidi hiul m^viT ueti'd properly, altboiipih ii . 
had been sunt lo London to hv ptit in onk-r ' 
by th(r ri'lMbralKd in«lh<>malii'»l iii-ttruun-ul \ 
aikW, Bisaon. Tbc poor iierformancf of this 
model fixed Watt'»tiiiiii^lit« i^n tJn' i(Uvition 
of theooonomyofsl''ain,B.nd1aid tbefouiida- 
lion of hi« first and ({i»RtMtinv>'iHioTi, "Watt 

firo«ecul«d tbis invention no far nn hin 
imitfid mwoil^ would admit, but iiijtliinif on 
A Wdrlciug «cal« (tDems to hnTi< bn.-n done, I 
until hn tmlertid into an arraugeint-nt witb ; 
John ItcH'bucIc [(|. v.l, the founder of the 
Cnrron ^^'<^^ka, to tako a shari' in the in- 
TQtilion,Qnd an uniciiii' wiin iiiuditai Kirui'-il, : 
airttrLinlittignw. Hut noebiiclifftlintodiffi- 
cultiet. and this enijino dot* iini Bm-m to 
have exnt4>d nuieb BlI«ntion; nor did itiP 
tnvoiition dt^vabip in the manner that mi^ht 
have been ein>?eIt-<], 

Horeuver, Watt bi'cami- largeJy euiplny«d 




in making: surveya and reports, in connection 
wilbcatMl^iLTer^uidbiirboun. Huiippuiirs 



I to h&ve luoMMled Snivton in tbt 
ofen|fit]«<>nn(radT(Mrtoth«-<\irron ! 
AraoBff the lit«t of hi» en^ini-vrinfi; worke < 
tbiii character were an improvement of tb*^ 
harbour of hiA native ploct!, Grwnock. and' 
a proviiiun of walrr-work« fir that ti-mii, ' 
In 17C8 Dr. Small mlmduced Walt t^J 
' Matthew Iloulton [a, v.], (h*> founder of tb«1 
S^iho ICngini^erinir W nrk*, nmr Bttmin^rbani. 
In 17liM Watt's invfnlioa waspBterili'd. In 
1772 Rorbuck fAilc^. and Roulton ofli-rt^ to 
' take a two-ihirdH Khjm> iii Watt's vni^int 
I patent, in lion of a debt of {,^001, in Aln}* 
1771 Watt, disc'onti^utvd with hie i^urvoring, 
I and ullier work in SoitUnd, migmitKl to-' 
I Birmin^'bam, and onrly in 1776, Wmg then 
tbirtvH'ijtbt or t hirtv-ninti, hw cnti-rvd into 
I pannershipwith Hoiilton attlieSiiho Worin. 

In I7MJ \\'»H QCCompHnie<) BoiUlon to 
I'aris to consider proposol.* for the erfCtimt 
j of ettwm engines m that country unJtir an 
I exchinivi- pfticnt, AVait di:elined*t bv French 
gnvenimeut'fl otior on the jfround that th« 
plan waa contrary to Kngloitii's intervsta. 
Among the Frvnch mon of «ciL<ncu irb' 
welcomed Vi'ittt with euthustaam on tbip 
oowifion wa* Beribolkt.whocommuniMitpd' 
to Watt hi* nfwly liincovnrt-d melhwl of 
blearbin^. Itwafithmuffh Wall thattbcne 
nivtbiid was iiiinKliifitr into tliis country. 

Watt Ti'tin'd from the firm of Roullon ft 
Walt in Ir^), Matthew Boultnn gninsrontat 
the stme linie, leaving the bu-iine«s to iheir 
!<on8,Jatn<<nWatt,ji9nior,nnd Malih'-w Itohi* 
»on Itoulton. After bisretiremeni from Stilio 
Janit'* Wittt purtutid at lii«Tv#idtnce, Ileatb- 
field Mull, near llirmtnfflmm, varioiik iuTi'u- 
tions inlhewortubop which ho had lilted up 
thi'n-. Ho aUo cuuiIuuihI Lis intt>n?«t ia 
Orecnook, and gave to this town a librarv 
in 1810. In 1«19, oil 1'5 Aug., Wmt dieS 
at Healbfii-ld, in bin t^ighty-foiirlh vear, and 
watt faurie<i in St. Mary's Church at Iland.'t- 
worth (now a suburb of Itirminghum). 

Watt married, in 1763, hU coiiMn, Mar- 
garet Miller of Cilosgow, who bore hiio two 
*inr« and two dnnghtcri. Thi« Indy died in 
childbirtb in 177'{. It would nppoar that 
one son and a dnughter die^l in Walt'n Iif<>- 
littiu; thfl other i^on,JumL-«, ia noticed below. 
In 1775 Watt miirrieil hi* .M'coud wif"*. Ann 
Macfrregor, wlio siirviveil him some thirti'rn 
yeiirs, dying in WVJ. lie bad by h?r a son 
Gregi^ry, wtio npneara to have been a man 
of great ability in literary as -well as in 
scifntilic puntuita. To Watt'* great ami 
enduring {arief tliis son died of con^umirtion 
in lF<l>4,at the age of twenty-seven. TlwrM 
waa ilUo a daugbiLT uf the MH^ond marru^. 

Uost perBons, of ^ood standing and gene- 



• 




I tb 



ml infonnation. if uked vbitt thojr knew 
■Ixiut ' Wiitt,* wiiiiH |>nibitbly uny tJinl he 
was (he inTcntorof thf #U'ikni ^riffini?. TliriKo 
wlio at alt study the itibjec(,uraivaoi}<miiited 
n'iili Riocbauical mnttiT^, will nt onw npT«* 
tliai, (ireat u Wfr<? Wall's luvrits. tLvy wcru 
tbc int^rits of an improvtr upon ad eiiatiny 
inacliin&~llH> Bra engine — and wuni not 
tliOMt wlucb attach to the nriginiU i)ii)r)!:t-al«r 
f n noTL'l principle of work. Solomun de 
ill* in llilft, lh<> Miin|uiH itf Worci'xtvr in 
,660 Ihef. -<(iMEiEWKr, KowiHi), si^nml Ma«- 
Ql'is or \ViiRi,E«(;n]. Sir Soraiii«l Morlaud 
Tq.v.] in Ifllil.And lJrtni*l'Apin '^.v "in KiiK), 
bail «8cli uf lliom proposed lo raise wutn 
from one li-vel to tiuot'i«?r, in rariniis ways, 
by lll(^ us« of (tMiim. il U (It-^pmrd nit to 
wlii't lier any oiiu of tlieMs four invt^utora f'Vttr 
put his iiI<MU> into itncticu. Fullowiiur tbMO 
uiTiMitors, iinwfvcr, 4»iiin TkoroM Savwry 
[<\. v.], who put bia idt'Sfi of raising warvr by 
Ht«AUi jioTWirr intij niul atv, luiil to U vvrj" 
comiderahle oxtent. 

Ail tli« boforc-men Cloned inventore em- 
ploywi tlw sTi^iim, not to drive an ^nplR'■ («a 
1^'v imdentond that ex[ii\.-t>«iion) lo work a 
puni|)| but tbirr appliL-d it din.-ctly to tb« 
ir«aBelj into wbicb tli« water lo on miiwd 
cam?. eitb«r to caiue a pariialty vacuou* 
condition in xucb ruefti'b', so ae T.n allow the 
Ktti]OAiib«ric prmstire tu dnv« lb« wni>.T up i 
into ibcm, or to pruia mion the nurfarN- nf 
the wau*r in tbu vetsebi, bo as to «spel tbu ; 
wraler up a rinini^uuitn, tiialiri^ht ili-|»'ri(l>-nl i 
upon Ibu pressure above rbn atnuvapbeiv of 
tbi!f>li-Ani «mpli:iypd,or,asin Sfl.*ery» inven- 
tion, to raiftc wiit4'r byncombiniiliaiiof thct^^ 
nwtJiod*. In J'npin'scnse, pistonii wen* intei^ 
powc) between rbi- surfnfff of the water and 
tb« Bteam. itut about ITIOTli'nua* Nvwcu- 
loen [t\. v.], in conjunction with JobnCiiUcv. 
inTeiittfd a ' firv i-nginv ' wbicli wb« iu Irulh 
a stc«m engine, in th» oi^nsu in which we 
DOW iindoratund thi> i-xprwision ; tliat ]», by 
the agency of ntcnm hn cutmcct rcrtnin iKir* 
tioiu of machinery la move, and he applied 
tlu-ir motion ro mirk othi?r innrliiiipii, i.v. 
pumpfl. I'bere waa not anv patent taken 
oat for tbis eni^ne, hat Newcouit^n and 
Call<;y awoicintcrd themselves witti Savory, 
prfsiininbly on aoojuut of tb« exiiiKoro t»f 
linv<Tv's patent, wbicb in ihnae days probaldy 
would bd held TO Ltnrr the doin^ nf nn act 
by » parlicubir ancmt (*lvaiu) iilmimt irm- 
ftpcttivo of the mode by wliicli that agent 
WMt (implnyt^L Nrwcouicn'it engine cum- 
prts«d a rerticsl cylinder with a piston work- 
log within it, which, when it descended by 
the prcMure of the ainto^phon' acting on the 
pirton, pulltKl down rhe cylinder end of tho 
peat beam, the other and at the aamo time 



f rieing kimI ratling th« pamp rods. TheM 
wax, of course-, tlw boiler to produce ibn 
Steam, and the condoniiation of the steam 
to produce tha partially vacuous condition 
below rhe piston. An int(>Toeting adaptation 
of the pow«f of a Nowcomeu viigiiiv to 
produce rotanr motion i« to be found in 
the »)}eci Scat ion of Jonathan Hull's patent 
of yi life. 17;{H, or, helli-r still, in t)ia 
pamphlet that bo issued in 1737, where he 
pnipOBfs til anily titn slt-iim t-ngint to paddle- 
wheel propuiHion. 

IVfrjre pauin^ ikway from the Newcomi-n 
engine, it may bi- well to notice! he admirublB 
account siven by Uelidor, in Itii 'Architec- 
ture Ilydroiilique' (liyU-oai, of an engine 
of this coiiairuiniiin whieh bud Iwfn made 
ill Kuglandnud wiisen-cted in I'Vauce at iha 
colliery of Frt*iie«, neiir Cond6. The de- 
scription in accoiiipanird witheifniplctescalo 
drawings, frtm which, at the prasent day, a 
reiiriHlucLion of thiH engine could be made 
wubout the slightMt: difficulty. It will be 
found that the boiler is pn.ivide(l with the 
safely valvo invi>niod by I'npin, and with nn 
opeu-endcdstandpip^forlheadmi&siouof the 
feod walcT; tbisWier arrangement should, 
at all evonit), bare insured that tfae pressure 
never could have attained more than tbe in- 
lendi'd am<jU[it, probably two puundM above 
the atmciipliere ; but the amiuiing precaution 
IB taken uf covering the top of tli^ boiler 
« ith b*.-avy masonry, not for the purpuH^ uf 
confining the hi-at, Inil for that of holding 
down the iKiitor lop against the nresaure 
within. Thtt wrilertuld the Ut»8ir William 
Sii^metLs thip, and was informt^d by him that, 
iHilil quite liitely, a reKulnlion exi<i<Ml in 
FrunPt' making such loading of iJio boiler 
top obligalorv — a j>rovi»iou, it need hardly Iw 
MLid, not only uscIom with boilers of tbo 
prcMiif day, working at Hvvural atmoepberw 
pressure, biitatiMlutely harmful, as proriding 
a aiocll of missilvM ready to be flrvd all over 
the place altould thi: boiler bunt. E]ioe])t in 
the matter of bettor workmanship and cf 
incnieau in dimt-n«i(>iii>, th« * Nvwcouien * 
engine, as applied to the vtry iinporiant pup- 
posvsof pumpiu);> had remained priKtically 
without impm\.;ni>nt. for lh>? n<:Mirly fifty 
years inlenening between 17:20 and 17t^ 
the dale of Watt's first pittent. 

Allutiion ban already been made to the 
well-kuowti incident of tbe entrusting to 
Jumce Watt for rupnlr thci model of thu 
NvwDonir'i] vnginu belonging to the univer- 
sity of Glnagow. It turned out that tbu 
modrl wsa not out of repair, in the ordinary 
senae of th'"" word, for it had lately hi^^n put 
in order by a celebrated philosophical in- 
atrumont maker in London ; but it was found 



I 

■ 




lIuL, nlUiouffh tlio boiler appMn>d to be of 
unpl<> ftise, naviog ngird to the ditneosioas 
•r thp cvlintliT, it wss tncompitti-jit to gen«- 
nUe auftioicnt steftm to fiuppty the heavy 
demand. 

Watt was vrry much strack by this Ivgc 
•ominDptioa of steam, and at once tum^ 
bia powerful mind to the cotuidemtioii of 
how ii M-BK that to lus« " quantity of steam 
warn nivdrd. He i&w It wafi due to lh^ cold 
water ximod lo coDdrnee thi- eti'Btn boiiii^ in- 
jfct.ll into ilw very kU'Siu cvltndcr itself^ 
and b<.>iiiR pUyrd into that cylinder imlU its 
wall" wrn- l>r(iii^lit down tn a tftmiHrmtttni 
eoamapnnding to Thi> tbcuoiia mnditinn in- 
beodad to Iw proaluced iu ii; that, iherefow, 
tlif qiianlitr of incnmiof; Moflin niydcd to 
fill the cyliiider to atmospheric pn.«Hiiiu in 
thcujvatrokL' W(W itot merely that rrjin'!«ont«l 
by the cubic content* of ihe cj'lind«r, but 
waa, in additiou, that needed in tbe lint 
hiBtauM 10 bi-al up tliv wh'ilr of tin* walU 
of the eylinder, and thue pUlou, with the 
VBter packing: on the top of it, lo its own 
t«iil}Niratof*, to TiT\- cnnxidi'Tnbly beat up 
the vater aoeumiilntnl in iho rylinder, ana 
alco to azpel the li>|titd rgnu-nis and the air 
Bt tha 'aniftinK valve.' Wiitr fjnimated 
tbeae sonrcea of lo«a aa demaading at least 
tlu«e tJiDM A« mn«h atcam a« would bare 
been naeded to fill the cnotents of the 
cylinder; and, in netual practice, with lar^ 
envines, in after jcArf, be based hi* remune- 
ration upon on>»-iliird of th<.' coal of the fuel 
aavad. At this lime, and for «ome yean 
prvrioufly, Jo««ph Black bad hold tbu 
clin-ir of chemistry in tilasgow I'nivemtty, 
and in Uu- coune of his experimentE bad 
made the diii'Drrrv nf latent, hcnl ; that in 
to Rav, hi* hail proved that mere t{>mperatnre 
capnhleoTlieini; appreciated by at Li'rmometer 
wa* by itwlf nn f:uid« a« to tho he/it vhicli 
hadCf< beoiDiniuiiii^atedto bodieatooccaiiirni 
diauiTMof condiiion. This importnntwicn- 
tlScfact WILD rvi-.'aiedlyenunuiat'.-d br Black 
in htH lectuKA. vVlthouftb it appears \Vatt 
had not tbe teiaure to attend these lectaTee, 
he Qe\'eittii<ln)w waj> cn^ninnnt nf thi^ diR- 
eoTory, and he pur^tietl the inTe<itigatians 
into Intent hoot in connection with steam; 
h« nlxo detormined tlio relation between tbo 
bulk* of steam and water at atouwpbenc 
pit — HPa. at preMurea leM than the atlttO 
Ipluac, and, to ^omu extent, at proasam 
abOT* tbe atJuoMpLire. In fact, be prepared 
hiaaelf, as a man of fvisnce, todeal with tbe 
probl«m of inipnirMni.rnt« in iht rti'ani 
cnffine in artnnl nmrticc. Th^ Aolution of 
tbu problem by U'att was to condense tbe 
MMun, not in the rylind«r itaelf, but in a 
•spotnte TeaMtl, in connection, howerer, with 



tbe crlinder at a[^roprial» timet. The ieC 
uf cold water yvna thus from heno«forth (or 
diacarded (rnra entrrinK the 



at«aa. 



ever 
cylinder. 

With the early modeb> conatrticicci 
Watt tbe separate vewel waa eompaaed d 
thin metal and was imneraed in water; m[ 
other words, it waa the ' surface eoiidnwer.*J 
But subsequently, although as a rule thef 
condenAer continued to be touncrscd in wata^ j 
the main rulianec wb« no lunger placed upon] 
llic cooling of tlip aiiles, but upon tbe nae in 
the Benmle oondeaser of aoch an injection 
aa bad been employed by ?>nwcompn in the 
Etl^am cylinder itaftf. It nuet ntrike ere ~ 
onv (of course it at once occurred to Wa 
llintin a verytkhoTt timf-hiacondenaw"" 
be full of water from the condenaed 
nixed with tbe incondauablc ur I 
iVom the steam and from the condeoun^ 
water, and that thuB tho vacuous oonditin 
would be Gjie^-dily lost. The remedy 
this wa» 1< • apply ail unlinary pump, to pi 
ont tbe cncdeufed et'-am, and alao, wl 
injection wiut uiH>d, (he walirr of condEC 
tion and the air, and in thi? way the aepa- 
ratc vi'seel woe si all tin»es mntnlained m a 
partially VAciiniiKconditinn. As haa already 
been said, Wait's want of means, and thir 
mt-d or pursuing other avocatvons for a 
livirlihood, n^lard-.-d (h>^ practical outcome ' 
the invention for som.- time. Indeed, t\ 
want of means even pr<>Tented the spplit 
tion for a patent to i>«cure the inveutionj 
ff>r, althougli the discovery was made 
170&, the patent wa<> not obluiuod unt 
1769 (No. 913). It doM not api>ear that 
the preparation of tbe specifiualioa Wi 
bad the }«inefit of legal advice, but 
had plenty nf friendly philosophical adt 
A« a tv»ult of thift amateur 
the speeification was so clumuly drawa' 
tbal the validity of the pal*-m was, manv 
years aft4*rward4, seriously contest^. This 

Salent not only inclu'ied the separate coo- 
Huser, with the eir-pump. but >t also ea> 
braced a variety of other tuultrn. In the 
speeiBcatinnthem lAntunclaied tbe doctrine 
iniieh is b§ truly at the root of all eagiu 
ec onom y at th'- preeenl ilay a* it wan in tba 
davftof V>'»Xl -iiamely,ihat thewallaof the 
cylinder should b^ maintained at the sanin 
heat as that of the st<>«m wtiirh ia aboai to 
enter che cylinder. Watt proposed to do 
this by means of an external caatn^, leaviag 
an annular space hatwaen it and toe ouiaide 
of the olinctr, in whidi apace theca sboold 
ahvavs be steam, thia ejUoval eaaiag to bs 
iteolt surrounded by some ooa<ooiidaclaT. 
It eliould hav.' been stated that Watt ex- 
perimented with wooden cylinden. 




I thai 



^ Toun 



(bat tlie oon-conductiug clioroeUn of tliat 
Knatffid would )uiVi> dunliushed eondetm- 
ttnu; butke foiiaU lliat aucbcyUadoreoodld 
rMint tlt« continued nctioiKif the stnun. 
is 17flO p&tpnt ixiYen>d, as haa been Boid, 
Mwnil fanias of inr«Dtioii. Th'- Rfih lipiu) 
•WM for n rotary I't^nae, of vhioh tlu> d." 
achpttoit was of iLe very Uaiiost, and, w 
tl)i>ri' ven: not art drawings nitAcluMl ti> cho 
•pccilicsiioii of tuia patttHl, it would havt* 
been inipoatiblt.' from ifie infonnattcia &tFordod 
by it fur aoy workman to havo couttrucicd 
Ikucli N iiikrliini! ; itiiil <rvt-n could be ha.VK 
uudf- it, it would not liavo worked, hbWbm 
found out iifltfr rupratiNl trixls. Another 
head of inronlinn wan to lower ihr; pre«!iare 
of tbf< Bt«ftia by coolrti); it to a poiut not 
Mifllcietit 10 «iUMi oondi-ttMtioii, and tli«-n to 
reliaot it. Ncilhor of theee inventions ever 
4:ain« into praclickl use, and it ia c«rl4ialy a 
er of surprifti that, in tlm aclion« wliicli 
tied upon Ibia pal«tit. objection wai not 
to tbi< abeolutis abwncu of explanation 
n^arrU tlu' riflh Wad of inv«ulion, thir 
tMstt «n|rbe. With Koebtick'a aaxiHtancL- 
«0 eii({in>.< witb tb>.> separate condonaiT and 
Air^pomp wiu actually i>ro«Ti^ at Kinn«>il. 
Tbe cylinder wba uightwn incLes dinrootwr, 
TtuN rn^ino was tri<-d on M'Yi^ral ocfa^ons, 
int witb no tborou^hly dofiuiie result. 
Dt, itocbuck bnving got into financial 
~tie«, tbo prof^TcM of tbo (!nf;inr was 
ed nntil, forlunatvly for Watt and for 
ilio world, Koebnck and Dr. ^im^ll in 1767 
brought about tha counvction bt.'lwi.'vn Watt 
and Boultnn. Knh««)iinntly Itoebiick sur- 
rendvnrd, on a projicr mymeni. bi« inU'/vBi 
WaLt'w inviiRlion. It wtw thirn Hifrceil, iw 
many of tlm fourt(>en yean' lifit of tbe 
I«i( hill! nxptrtMl wilbout any n'mriiinni- 
tiTB nsult wliaU'V'jr, to npply lo ^Hirliaiiifiit 
obtain au eid«nsion. In 17T<^ tbi» act, 
hich emmded tho patont until ]8iK), was 
;1. and in thi> samo year ihojMrtn(M>hip 
Villi Boulton woa eir«ct«d. Tlic cxp^ri- 
wolal eu|iinv "ktm rcmovt^l from KinutJiL to 
&0bo, and WBA lli«r>- gmt lo wiirlv in niiili n 
BULtrnvj* ae I'l d«mun8trBt« the luoril of 
Watl'* inTenlion. 

InqniriM from ownns of C^-OTtiisli minnd 
brRan to t»e maib? as to tho provision of the 
Biw .'iiLMni-A, A \rry cnn^iVrablf businoM 
' ' jfniduBlly iu Cornwall, involvine 

^^ lu^ in that county for b-n^^eDed 

ioUji uxt«nding ovvr «^vuml years. This 
peara to have been n ttuin of fftnat dtMtn-Hii 
to Watt. H-.' diotikcd th>] rau^bnuaR of the 

rpl«: bt wiu> avc.rx! fnim nil bni^piining ; 
wof in hit) usual had beoltb ; and wan 
away from all the acl^ntific Boclt'ty be loied. 
In ihe nwolt a large number of the improTeil 





pumpioff ouginw wurv put up, and were piud 
for on tbf^ fuel-aaviitg temiA almady atated ; 
but, wbatoFiT may Iwve been the aoped-for 
ex'eutiinl pratitis tli« imin«diatH rwult wna 
tbo locking up of a Inrp^ amount of capital, 
and it lU'Tnanilrd all Itoiilton's indoioiiable 
energy and thrt est^rci^c of hiit admirable 
bufinees talents to carry the parln^Tship 
ibmu^h till' ticnti of trial. Tbia itiiulton, 
howevt^r, suvcowfully acoouiplisbud, and, 
what is more, he en«onngea hin |<ar(n«r 
Watt, faint-hcarted in all comm*-rcial mat- 
tors to hold uu again&L thtiir troublr'jt. On 
10 April 17(*1 bi> wrotfilo Walt in Hirming- 
hum: ' It-annot h?l]>n-i;onimcudinf;it toyouto 
pray moniingand evi-ning, aftor the manner 
of your coiintrymtin (tlie Scotch prayer 
" TIiP IjOrd gnikl ns a (fudo conceit of" our- 
selves"), for you want nothiof; but a guud 
fipinion and confidence in yourself mid good 
bvatib.' It slinuld Iiavt: buen iilattid that in 
the ' Wntt ' enpne n cover was plut^pJ over 
the cylinder,lh{!piMlon>rr>dn-urkin|*lfar'nif;b 
a ittumrig-biix, uud ili^i. Chi^ Hti-tiio van iil ijl 
times admitted to the upper aid^of ihfpiaton, 
itsprewure r\!pbicing that ortbuatmoepheps 
when the downward or working armite of 
the ptatoa was made, at which time the 
bottom of the cylinder wu in connerrion 
with tho condenser; that when the return 
stroke was to be niud« th« condenser waa 
shut off by an upproprialt.- ^-alve, and that 
another »alve, callud an ' eguilibrium valve,' 
was opened, thereby ^tabluhing a cnnoec- 
tion betwoun thu up[jer und the under side 
of the pi0ifx>n, which, tieing tlicn >n e(|ui- 
librium, could he drawn up by a oounler- 
wei;tht. Thaa far llw improred •■ngine. like 
its predeeeBSor (Neweotnen'ii ), wan applied 
pmctteally only for the raisinu of water; 
find whvre, na was bo eommonly the c»»e, 
rotary motion was newd'J, recourse wo* bad, 
if Ihe work were beyond the power of horso 
geor, to the einploynivnt of n wni'^r-whwl 
to be driven by tlie water pumped by the 
viigino. This was obviously au uusativfuc- 
lory op'Tfttinii, involviiig the cn«l of extra 
pUnt^ldant demandinKacoiisidorablespucu 
-^and involving; ninu the dimiiiii*hetl output 
of work dun to T.lip lo^se-i in the intermediate 
machine, the water-wheel. Watt theTvfnro 
applied bim'^elf to obtain rotrtrvTOol ion from 
liw ndprocatinK engine. Th-' e tig in e. being 
sinHle-iiLlia^, did not lend itself well to the 
pur])OMt; but it could be made lo perform, 
to a <;uiiitideriLlile cYtent, aa though it were 
doublfvacting by tho expedient of lu^goly 
incH'tiKing the coiinli*r-wet||Chl until it was 
equivalent to about one-half the totoJ rais- 
ing power of the piston. Watt applied 
himself to produce direct rotiirj motion ilram 




Mwb ■ MotpTDtttinK wigine. Xt U stated 
tlwt Im tiitvRiJvd to ftbtain tliU «im] bv 
thu UK* of tLu (.■milk, ftiid was jiivpAring to 
pKWot il4 ipplicfttion, bat thnt, while tbe 
aMlt*rirMUnHeronnBiiliTfttion,ono ISdtartl, 
■ ttcirkinin in WntiV riiiptuv. rt>vfn)iil itiv 
fftCi^l trt m in>D of lilt- imm« of Wnshroupli 
of JtriituI, wbo wu i*DtJi»vuuniig (u obUiu 
rotary iijhIk'h bv vnriou* compli-X coniriv- 
uact-n, vrbirb Ik* tnuibi \hp HiibKHil of a 
patenter ]77n(No. 1l'I»); lliiit lliiNx bintiu 
uniuoc^'Mful lii> Jniiifirl bimx^lf to Pickaru, 
wlw in I7M> (nok n (wicnt (^No. lL'fl») fnr 
th« tuc rif tkr rrnnli in tbi.* Al^tm ^'tij^ine. 
Wfttt wu iM-riouBty iiK'vii^iMviit in Lis ob- 
aurvaliuuB uu lliia crank <|Ufstiou, oni} bi* 
biograpliojs — or kidv of tticuj bavu allcwed 
tli«n>MlrM to follow liim in hi» iuM»iM»- 
tpocji frn* wliilit on rlic »nu liiiiul Uv put 
biniMilf forwnnl im a tui-Tilurioua iui-i^iiuir, 
And thu inlcndiii); uulcntMt* of tbu iimi of lliu ■ 
onnk, nnO (•tHii])lnim«l bilti'rly iif Ui" iuvph- 
tt'in having \n'rn HUiltm, on ili« nihiT b^nd 
lu) Wfilv* ill r>,'»iH'rt "f I'irhnnl'* [mlrtil 
llinl 'tb>u iriHi iiivi'niur of ihcrrnnh rnt«liva 
motion wtiH tbo nmii who tirsi confrivt'il tb«« 
common fool-bilbi-. Arn>tviiij? it to lb« 
mffimi WBn like tnkinu ■ kni'lV' to f«l cbet-w 
which hnil bcuu miitlu In cut brrail.' TliUt 
Wud, wliilt! intfniliiig in put'-iit tbv use 
uf Ibn rmnk, ntiixt in Iuh own niinil bavo 
luiowii that siicb iisn WQK n racro 'obriouB 
H|){ilic]il.iuji,' nnd wiiH tbt-n-roru mil i»imbl« 
of briutj uiiwlti iht' liubji'cl of a viiUd ^tent. 
On liiidln^ th&l hv wna «iiiit uut by Pickunl's 
lUmt fnini tb*- uiii' of tbi- crunk, W'litl de- 
led biiui^tlf to duvifiing other oifAHK fur 
oonvi-rtinj; » rt-ci[irtK.'fl.tin(( into a iviliirv mil- 
lion. Ha dovifli-d five ditTfn-nt modus, iho 
subject of his piilent of 1781 (No. ISOltJ, 
none of which, in hi* opinion, were amen- 
able to [be charge of iiivuIvinK the use of 
cr&nks: but there is no doubt thnt two of 
(hum wt?r« ub>oliHi.*Iy crankit, Tberw docs 
not nppcar to bn any rfcord of four of tbcai.' 
d<iviL't« having betii UHcd; but ihu fitili 
di>ric>'. I.ht- 'Suii-ntul-l'Iniiet ' whwl, waft 
largely cmployLHl by Watt for eonvurtiiig 
the reeiprocating motion into rotjiry inotioii. 
Wal.lfl cni^iite.i, an actually mndft (the 
writer of tbiii article remembers one of tbvin 
perfectly), hud tlii-sunftiul thi- pUnet. wheels 
of equal (isc. lb<r ijUoei Wiag confined to its 
orbit by a link loose upon tbe «un-wbco1 
atlttfl — the natuml and |iroi)er uiBons of doin^ 
iU Jlut whether \\Vtt li^ared that aucli a 
construction mif^ht be held tn fimuunt to & 
crank, or what otbci- chiimi rimy hnve in- 
fluenI^t-d Liin, cannot now bo dftomiini'd; 
hnt ibij fftct. i* that in biH HiH'cilinilion h« 
nude D mo&t extraonlinii.r7 provi^iian fur 



confining tht! plaaet wbeel to it* orbit, b; 

ins«rtiii|; a pin in coDlinuationof the azit 
tL« plftut't wheel, into a circulAr grooi'a 
Tb« ton aod planet wheeliioftliepn>i»rtiotit 
used by \\att— that of Munlity of diax 
invtvr — bad a certain value V-vidrs that of 
fttecrin^ clear of rickord's patent, in that 
tbcy gave 1^*0 revululions of the nun shaft, 
which iva* ab<i> thu fly-whml vbitft, fur each 
double reoitirocalion of the eo^ins, hi tbst 
th« )])t>e<l nl M idow-)(nin(; pnf^ov iraH al oooe 
augni«ufed in ihi* yerr eoffine itself, and, 
moreoTer, tlie tly-whe«l had its Talu<* quad- 
rupled. Some attempt wu made tn afres 
with l^ckurd for ibe ue« of the crank: bit 
Watt's pride revolted from buyin); buck thai 
which he said was bJs own mveution, and 
he expl&ina that Iw had no wiah to detalroy 
I'ickanVs patent, thufl throwing thu use ot 
tbei-niiiU u[M>n lo the public, otid depreciat- 
ing therefore tlie value of Watt's Own Bub* 
slitiiti', the sun mid plnnrt. 

Tji to the prwwnt time it will haTe 
noticed that, tn all case) of Watt's enjii 
tlier« was only on« working ttmke mfl< 
during the poMoge to and fro of iho pistoi 
in the cylinder, the return stroke bringjl 
to the action of a counter-weight. 
hai'iDu now in ihusv engines & cla«c-t 
cylinul-r with a pi^tou-rud working ihroug! 
a Htiitling-b(ix, and having valves l>v whi 
connection was made alternately bctwcta 
the uudur mde of the ulston and the sleam 
boiler, and between tne uudenide of ibe 
piston Bud condenser, it followwl altDOf t as 
a ciitisei|i]enf that by nd<litioiia lu tbi 
valves the functions of tbeeteaio and vacuu: 
might l>e repwitwl on the uppi-rnide of tha 
piston, and that thu.t the engine would haro 
a working stroke in bath directiniis, render- 
ing it ifidi>]N'iident of count or weights, and 
oiuineiilly udapiiii)^ it tor operation upou 
cranlc, or upon its equivalent, to produ 
rotary motion. Thi* wm one of the subi 
of Watt's patent of l7M'(No. 1321), and 
only was this construction uf great utUit; 
fnr giving coroparntive uniformitv of rolar 
motion, but also i! was one wbico obvional, 
doiilded the work that could be obtained out 
of a given dimenaion of cylinder. This pa-, 
tent also embraced another moat importa ~ 
principle inlhcusoof steam, ona upon wbi 
pnicticidly the whole improvement, ra 
bince Walt's days lo the present. in the 
nomy of fuel depend^i— namely, thu inoplo, 
ment of sreom expansively. 

A few words of exphmntion lo the no 
technical readier may perhapti be 
' Assume a cylinder of such a diameter a« 
I have 1 sw|Uftr« foot -14-1 Mptare incliM 
, area, and a.<»ume the stroke of the pistan 



" I 




unM 
thi^ 




Watt 



57 



Watt 



it to te'Srlhit I^l irt«sin lie introduced 
into tbiE ftt. Bay, tva atnioA]ihort>A of pmuuire, 
and ■Jwumc the impoMible, tbut there wei« a 
jwrfect vaciitiru in the eond«iiMr. Tbfn, fnr 
simplicitj', calling the Rtinos {there 1<^ lb. 
prcnont) the picton voiild be -argd (o moTi> 
b7» 1'i«l «9<tal to \U {-J- 1.V)~4:120 lb. 
And, if it did ao through the L'<f>-v:L >irok«, 
it would |iiv« n work of S040 fnol lb. and 
The consumption of «lcani wnuld Itf '2 chImc 
fi'L'l m :! «UnuMili(>ree den^iiy. A»tiune, nov, 
TliMt, iiult-ndnf nlluwin^ lh» ■ti-atn to e«cap<> 
whtTi tlrn piaTon luid rninpii-ti-d rh*" S-ft-i'l 
iitToktt, I)i9 cylinder cuwhl K' extended lo a 
total len^h nf •! ff^ot. Thon tlit- Minn- stfjim 
— tha intn>!&« of sny further quantity beiiiy 
nit nfT- cnntiniiiiif? to pr*"M on the pisiau 
(ihe TACuous condicioii. bi-ing mnititiiinttd on 
the othpmide). the pi»toii would bt? urged In 
aore with a ijirudually dt-cruarintr prL'^^ure 
Tbrttiigh^'iil tb« remaiuiiig Inn feet; hiuI lii«l, 
at l.li« triid of its idumey, tli*' sloiiin bfin^ 
liiMi double in viilutnu, trntild Htill linvv a 
pKMtue equal t<i one utmo^ph^rt. Tho mi^nn 

rMur«thraut;hoi)l this eovocd 2 feet would 
30-8lb. thenlM a ■*t)fi ^ •» l(*t ctiuaU 
ftQotber o,9Q0 foot-pouuds obtaint.-d without 
thi> cTpendittiri.* of any mora slemn. Thit>i, 
in the tint suppnaed ina(an«<: of ciNii-fiipKn- 
■ion,^ cubic fret orstanni at 2 aliiii>:^|)liiTP9i 
density wimhi produce R,ft40 fiMit-pnimis of 
work, whilv lbt< tant* atuain t-xpiiudinK tu 
twice it« bulk would produce IJ.lil'iU iWit- 
pounda, or 69 pi-r ovux. morv. Il will of 
eouNe be nndersTood thul th•■.••l^ nm nicrrly 
illwtratiTe %URB, s\ibjt>ct in priu:ti(.-f to 
Inr^ dalurtioriR, tiK raii]>i<-« of which CJiiinot. 
bt< ^one into hen;. An \nng »» the <>n^inf4 
w-ro single-ncling and the connection be- 
tween thepiiton-rod imd the bi^^ntn was ono 
that was aiwaya exposed to a teiiviltt ^trniii, 
tltut04inn«vt ion could well bu mad^bymfans 
of > chain wnikiiig orvr a ivclor altuohiid to 
till! beam. But p^o mou as thi! ■'ingines wi-n- 
made <l<)ubloact luif , tliun the ]ii«['>n-rod hud 
no lunger only to pull tin.- bt-nm cud down.htit 
had alsu to push it up. Thi^i wns an oivenii ton 
which obviriuidr riiiild not bv carried out by 
II sine'*? chain. To ovt-rcnme cliis dilficuUy, 
uml "lili bythe uw of n chain, a contriTunce 
was invented which prAlonp-il the pi*ton- 
rod hi^h up, and a e^eond chain connacttnl 
to iho bottom end of thu sector wus cni- 
ploytd; BO that wbilt- the old chain pulled 
lh» beam end down, the n«w chain pulled it 
up. 

Another cont ri^-ain^B wait to funtiwli llit> 
Mctor with teeth and to provide the piston- 
rod with a rack engaging in the^e t^.'^^'lh. 
Botli tb<!So nrrangnni»iEa w«re imMti^fac- 
tory. The remedy was to place a link jointed 



at its lower «ndio the top of the piston-rod 
and at its upper end to the beam. It is clear 
that, having regard to the versed sine of the 
arc- di.>^crilM^ by [be beam fnd, thiw link 
would bedetle«?tvd out of the upright, and 
thuBthopirfon-rod top would bfrxpOBcd to a 
rvsultniil ti'irixonlal MTt-K^. t<-ndingto d'^flwt 
it. 'ITif obvious way lo hare OTcrcftnn> this 
tvudoucy was to furnish thv ends of llu' pitus 
of the pinton-nid wiih guide-block.* working 
in or on vertical guidfg, and W'utl in bis 
patent of 17H4 (No. 143:1) A|HTi<ti'n thiii a» 
one means nf attaining his end. Itut lie <1bi 
vised aaoth'T, and » mo»t elepunt rande, 
whereby ficlv<intAg<' woa tak^n ot th<^ rvvor^ 
curve given by levers jiivoted in opposite 
direction* so ihiit th« moving end* r.f thou 
Itfvers biting united by a link, a point would 
be found in ihiit liuk which for llic extent of 
stroke iw^uinil iu llw eiigiuu would move in 
a path that did not harmfully dutrntH irum 
a elmight lino. This is Wall's celebrtiled 
[.iiimllel motiiin, on which he pridi-d hintHvlf 
more than on any of his other invention.", 
and it is still used in nearly all the benm- 
engineathnt an^ now manulBTturt-d in tho 
United Kingdom. But in the laru-e number 
of dir^<t-Bctlng engine*, vudjracinf( as llit-v 
do in thtue diiyt> all ileum reiiseLs and afl 
locomotive*, transversf •■tresses of a more 
Serious chamcler — uiinu-Iy, ihfM'givenbythu 
crunk Ihroiigh the connecting rod — tire iuc- 
ce*«fully combated bv the simple guide which 
Watt rcjecled iu pnrlicv for iho parallel 
motion witli which he w«s so veri' luiieli 
ple&sed. Among Wall'solher I'oolfivaocea 
tu oiildin n ronnrctiim Iwlwi"-!-!! llic pixCnn* 
rod and the beam was the employment of a 
hoUnw or inink niston-rod hsving the pin 
of tJie- lower entl of thf cornn>x!iing link 
eitu&ted at tlii! lower part of the foil just 
above the piston. 

Walt's many aud mo*t valuable inventions 
must always place him among the leading 
bi;iiefucti>rsi>l' mankind, and iheneuu tben^ 
font lie no need tn endi^uvnur to augment hia 
inQrits by attributing to him. ns fome of hia 
biographer" Imve done, niiittern which wcro 
not rnally of hi^ invention, although iiM-d 
by bim. One instance is tliaC of the cenlri- 
fngni governor to rrgnlnn- tho s|»eod o( 
steam engines. It i» commonly stated t\ 
Wntt invented the centrifugal governor; 
but tlii# i« by no mcuns certain, m it. is 
fi-etiuently said thai il had previously been 
usi^ in dour-milla to contrul tho dt<ilanc(i 
a[iiLrt of the luilUtoncui. 

The wTiter has tried to find any publica- 
lion prior to 17S], (he (l«t<; of Wntt s patent i 
fnr obtaining rotary motion from a reAipro^' 
eating steam engine, whichdeacribes the use 



of tboffOfTernoriD floor-tnUls, bill hu not 
tueceeuod. Thu earlivst publiettiuti hi.' bw 
H y>t foaiid is th^ spi-cilic&tion of Thonuu 
Meod'iimtoat of 17)^ (Nu. I0i>'3>, ' Itv^lator 
for Wind anil otliiir K[illri.' A ntMJfir of thu 
Ani>cini«li()ii mual cortainl; com? to tb« coa- 
cIu»ioa tlijtt: M»3(l wax (or tlint. lii; lH>lu)veiI 
himsL-lf to ti?) tlie inventor r>f the itnple- 
upnt, nnd not nufiwlj- the suR-gMter oFil* 
application t-o millit. 

Till? wril«r liu HOI been able to ascertain 
wbcu Walt Bfst opiilicd the f^v«mor lo Lis 
■tvftn ungiii«i. l-ftTvy lu h\B b'".ik on \)iv 
Ntmint woKiiii), ptiV>li.><lMv.l in 1H27, biiv&, at 
p. -13;: 'III Iht' years 17^ and 17n-J Meeen). 
Boulton nni! Vn'n'.t mftdn ■i-vernl mlalivu 
fltiginiv . . . Uiifl of the firflt of these wafi set 
up at Sir. Whit bread's br^wyrj' in C'hi*w«Il 
8tre«)t . . . Mr. Whithrt^iiil'A en^ne was aet 
to work in 17tSo. In their seoLTul upp',>««nce 
theae wugincs worv very much like that ro- 
pn.vi.'Dl'-d ill plate- xi, JJavini; the same kind 
of uamlEi!! motion, sun and planet whivl#. 
anil ^vcmor.' If thix stuli'iiittni uboul lUc 
((oriTMOr hn torwct, ihi-n Wult woa usius 

S'YPrnnrH three yeiirH btifore iUl- dalu oT 
eod'f paUmt. It niiiiit, htiwnver. Hk re- 
iD«tnb*'TM that T'lin'v wii-i ivrlcinf between 
torly and fiflj' yeoi^ after this prriiui untW 
«OMid«nili.>nr 'At p. 436 Korey, doacribinft 
tlie ((overuor, says : ' It whs ou the priniMplti 
which had been pHnioiuly u»d in wind and 
water niilU." 

Ilarin^ regard to Watt's silence on the 
quealion of the governor, lo the fact that he 
aid aot, patent it, nor vreu lie application to 
tbn stMuii enifine : h&rinft regard.also lo the 
etatcintiiu (uitsuppurted.it is true) of many 1 
writi'Di that tbo iinplfinent vrnit iuumI aa ap- i 
plied to fiour-milU bvfore the date of its ' 
upplicatinn hv Wnlt to ■•hr ■U'am vngiii«, it 
nppMrs th-^ pMbablliiles are lugvly against i 
Vrutt bein^ tli" inventor of tbe gornrnor. | 
Wutt iipplietl ii to the «t.rAin engrno, and \ 
ll'.'viK'.'Kl a particular kind nf valve, the 
' thmttlo valrc,' which, boitig' balntiocd on ' 
vach aide of a central gpiudk;, waa capable ! 
of bflng nored by a comparatiTely weak 1 
igvot, fiucli aslliL' wuirifugal ODTorDor. 

'I'linrK i" another very uaalol adjunct to I 
llie eteani enpino— the indicntnr — tSe whole 
inrcntion of which i» aIiM> cumnionly but 
«iTane<)ualy attributed to Wntt. The indi- 
cator in an implement by whicli a peooit, 
oonlrolli'^1 br n spring, is made to more 
forwards or "backwards in accordance vilh. 
the pnwinri.' pn-rnilin^j in the engine ey tinder 
nt any moutfut , while a card, or nowadays a 
pii|)vr, i> i'oii-4.-xl to traverse traitaversely to 
the ui^vuii'iii of the pencil, uud tlms taora 
ia drawn un (Lccordby thep>jucil,adiagran). 




wlucb sbowB and feeords the rarying [ 
8ur«e in thecylinderat allpartaof thestr 
of the piiiton, and lhui> (^nablti* Oir 
dono ou the pUtou aad the quantity of steai? 
UWd, to hi; drlerminod. Nv dnuM thU Jm* 
plentent lian been of the ^rmieet ra\aa in 
tlK> developing; of the Tariou« iinproTem«nt« 
which have b««n made, and arc «l4ll geingi 
in the steara OD^inea. Walt's abatv 
invention of the indicator waa coofiaed] 
tbt'simpli.- a»dcuiapsraiivelyu»«leesT4 
motion of the pencil in accordance wit 
prcaiuru in the cylinder, and wu a 
»iubt>tttulioii for a k'"** ^<*be ronlainiagi 
cury ! the tranaverae motion, hv wliiehnloiiA 
the diagram could be obtained, wa» due, it 
i« believed, to the pnniua of John Soutiiani, 
one of lloulton Si Watt's assistants. So Ion; 
aa M«am engine* w«ro lued only for nj^icji 
water, it waa oxtremely eoay 'to &lat<i tlu 
nmouut of work they were doinf; and 10 
compani one eiigiae with another. Tbu^. it 
en^iDM A were raising a hundred galltns | 
miuute from a depth of s hnndrsd f 
and enfiinn 11 were raising two hut 
gallons from the same depth, n was obric 
duing double thu work of A ; but when 
gin<:« wcru employed to drive mill-w<n^ 
there was uo such record of ' work done ' ob 
titinnble; it became nooeasnrj, then-forfvl 
devise some standard. I'rior to i4ie ufi«i 
the steam engine rotary motion ou the itxge 
scale was derived from water^whcel«,«ndi 
a »mall »calt> from windmills or from h<i 
wheel*. Watt therefore, following Sa^ 
del'>rminL-d that iLu hurw-^power ahooldi 
llu-ntitndard. Kaverv had ooua to tin- 
elusion that It would need a Block of 
Itonw lo provide one alwaym at work, 
does not appear to hare determinod 
'work'of atofw; but if tb»Te wen- requitwd 
ibar hofiNH at work to drive, ny, a ptnUk 
and Savory made an t<ngine compet«nt to do 
the same duty, he called that a lt*<JiarM 
vagiDe, OS it wa« aquivalent lo che twi-ln 
horaesthat needed lobe kept toprorid-- fonr 
borai'E nlw-iLVE at work. ^^ att, bowtver, did 
not follow Savcry in ht.« ruli?-of-lhumk 
detenninntion, nor did he credit bis «afinr 
with lb« idle hoiaw. He witiafled biaimf 
that an average botse eotild eontinur to 
work for soveral hours when exertinu him* 
S(>lf to #uob an extent lU would raise I c«t. 
to a boiffbt of 19t) feet in a minute, equal M 
33,0011 lb. one foot high. In otdar th«i a 
puieboser of one of bis cuginea should hat* 
BO ground of complaint, he pronortiuisJ 
tbeac maclunaa so tnat for each of nia hoiB» 
pciwerv tJwv should laiae half aii much t^lUM^ 
or SSfOOO IV one foot bigh per miuut«. Af 
regards the oonfusioD into which tlie qB» 




Iu>[*>»M>O«r0r drifted, rvAulling in AA 
rBB6wdtlfcrent.1)in(]fi,s«t>tliR 'Proci.'vd- 
iftb«Ray«l AeTu-iiltitral^Mrwtj' ('2n<) 
1. ix. Cardiff mfl-ttinu, No. 17, p. B6). 
'an Watt took out hill lout ]ift4«nl, 
S. This WM for eonstni^titu' ftir- 
c, tbe nljwt being to attain better 
tion ftiid tbu avoiduier* of omolto. 
inrviiiiuii tppcsn tu 1»tu bt«ii bu«d 
Bimrt pritunplea, ftnd to have been «a- 
)d with euccws to eoniB litlJe i*xluiit ; 
t WK* di^pKnilnnt varr lorgtilr on Ihu 
tinn of tht> otoker, ana waa of^but little 
ical use. 

bks bern ihoiipht well not to inti^rntpt 
raueDce ortbe L'neiu*.' paienis, and itius 
tl w i«rly as irr^l) (No. 1*244) hn^ iM^i^n 
over in onlor of it.H datv, us it TOlatt>d 
lAlt«r eutir«lv unconnect«it with tho 
engine; it wa«, liowGT«r, of gtvtl 
&ml iit now univenaUy euiptoyeil. 
a thfi invffntion of cojiviiig luttvn 
IS of n Hpocially pri'imml ink, whirh 
^if-i^an irapivssinn on a d«nip«d shEwl 
■liable pap<.>r wlipn the writing and 
tnpitd pap<rr weri- pr^ttflAd roj^iht^r. 
ly hut few of ilie thcitisiitid« upon 
)d« who, throuphunt si) ciTili!»rtl 
, ban- iltcir lrit«r-copyiiig books and 
m nrtj nwure thut this most UM.-f(il pro- 
is da<; to tbflgimt Juinv^ "Watt, 
bvii tb» coooen of th<! Watt encine> 
fully MUbUatw^l, altGrnpts -Kero made ' 
iTimt ungines which shotild )mvv thti i 
advantagm, but which atiould not be 
in tlie itmMt of Watt's paiiiiit. One of , 
I ntt^Dipln wa* by Eilwnnl Hull, in tbv 
of pumping on^n>» forrain«K Thi< Hole ' 
itli»n hx aiadewa«loinrOTt lh«> cvlind^r 
tbt tihnti of tho Tntn« and to connnot 
pimp* diret^tlv lo thw piston-rod, thit« 
f ttWftf with tiic main b<:iini ; but hi^ n'- 
d lli» •eparat* cowIoiimt with it< air- 
f. Another attempt was made by 
tlian Carter Horn bio m'"i: [tw undur 
inilAWim, JoVath»s\ lie proposed to 
i>y th« <»|MUi6ivL' principlL' by allowiuf; | 
^am lojjaM from unr wcirkinfr 1-3 linder 
boond worltin^ cylinder nf inansoaod ' 
H^ — n conslnietion which prvvails 
undiT the titi"' of the cnmpoiind 
and thiiti in !li« furtber devvlopiopnt 
cylinder* in aeri», i« prarticjilly 
!1y eaployt^ in alt largu Ateaio 
wlifttbur uaed for war or for com- . 
Hnmblowcr, bowoTer, rould not 
inM with thit Bc|uirntu condanaar and 
ump, and hU f>nginivi wnre thus In- 
t* oi" Watt'e oriiritial pnlfnl. 
•i 10 1800 Watt and hi-i panm-r 
' in vindicating- iuG patent, nnd , 




in pnttinif a Mo]» lo tbcM infringt^nvnta. 
Actions werf brouglit in the common pliwix 
aftaihst Bull and against llornblowr-r, with 
whom WIS joined as d«fendnnt ana Malwrlej. 
In eaah caae the infnii|i«ii]i>nt was all but 
admittf-d, th« dafendcrx' atvutncnt^ b«nff 
adda-swd toiLe ioTalidity of the palont. In 
each case the Jury found a verdict for lh« 
plaititifT. In web caM' IIh' full court of 
cominnit plea» by a mi^ontv detemiiiiad 
the {latent to be bad, on (Bpea&ine oa s biy- 
Tniin) grounds nf the vnmii<ii««!* nl the upm^i* 
fii^ntion, due to the advice of the amateura 
in patent matters to whom allusion hiis 
already been tnnd''', and in c^ich ciiai^ t liera 
was appeal. On appeal the patent was up- 
held, Bud the lon^ Iilipationcamet-o an L>nd, 
nfltT y-ar* of &iixi>.>ty suflVred hv Wnn and 
hilt pitrtner, and after rory hesvi' exptiidi- 
turu, as may bu fmlburud fr^m the faol iJiat 
in Ihn four vnar. betwrmi ITiKJ and 1800 
the roRts wern A.OOU/. NS'alt u^ed lo HpMilc 
of bis jmletU n< 'lit<t wi-U-lrifd frii-nd.' 

By tli» Irindm'ifl nf Mr. fiforce Tan^f of 
Solio and ol' H«?Bthru'M Kull (al onr tinm 
Watt'ji rpsidi-m-e), the writer h/ij had ■ccms 
to miieb of the correspondence b»tween 
Boulinn and Watt and th^^ir unnn during 
the period tbew actions were goiu^ on ; it is 
luoitt inlcri'Ktius', and it shows also lhi> 
rhnnniiif; charucier of tin; reUlion* tioU«i*(t- 
ini; Ijfl ween ihi?«; four iu>.'ti. In April I7t*l 
Huuhon, af^cr complaining to Watt of a 
diOeivnce bo bnd with a partner in his 
Mparafc biminpu, eonlinued : ' However, aa 
to you and 1 [sic}, 1 am sure tt is iiii[i-.->9;5tbtu 
we can dinagT''" >n the willing of our 
BC£0<inta, as titere is no sum lot&I in any of 
them tbat 1 %-iilue so much n» I do your 
eMn^m, and th<> promotion of your liwiUh 
and happiness; therefore I will not raise a 
sinpl" objection to anytbinf^ tbat yoti #ba11 
think jiiot, as I have a mo»t iinplieit eonti- 
denfe in your honour,' 

Wall's lore of science.- wis not conflnwl 
lo phyaie*. Jle bad from tbe time of his 
early life in Otas^w bocn devoted to 
chemiRlry, and, when wtUed in Birtnin^- 
bam, the pursuit of diemioal science was 
stiinolnred by bis intimata cunnection with 
BU(^h inen as rriestW, Keir, Small, and 
Wedgwood. Tliese, with others, consti- 
tnl^d tho' I.Hnar" Society, who met moiuMy 
at about the time of the full moon. It was 
no doubt his steady pursuit of chemical 
Kcivnce, e\eu in llie mid^t of all hi? ^eam- 
i-nKiiieliibourAjlhat led Watt lo thebnllinnt 
dii^corery of the composit ion of water. That 
Wati did miikn this indi."i»end<«nt di«covi"ry 
is undoubted. Whether it wns made prior 
to B similar disc-overj* by Henry Cavendish 



(I7ai-1B10) [q.v.] ifl a qiiestimi aliout whit^h 
there hun bwn much and biitpr controversy. 
It fleams cl<'iir, howcvt-r, I Lin- Wiitr, iw early 
ai U Vix. 17^1', wrolt> to Jean AndK- Uuluc 
[i|. v.], • I bplicve air is (rencrstrd from 
wator. ... If lIiU pmcoen cniititiiis no Ui;- , 
Ce[)ti<Mi, here tt> an etipct iialacciKint of iQanj ' 
jilit-noim-iia. And ono ekinent dUmi^'wd from 
the li»L' L«Irr on, iff AjH-il ITS.*!, Wait 
wrale to Dr. I*ri«stley n letter setting forth 
liU ihncxivt-ry of tin- i-<iniiHi«ilioii of witter, 
iiTid riii^apsiin^ that it inifi'lit h^ gireii to 
Sir Jwwpii I^aiikM, tliua prtsident of tlu' 
lU^ynl Society, with it vit-w to it* l>t?infi: 
read m n nifetiiig, Owing- lo I'riesih'y's 
dniiht^. \Vn(t nximstcd thai the n'n<linf; 
aliould be d(;layed to ifiet'rtain the rwult of 
twnii^cxiifrinienCs I'rir.-stley Hoid lie wds about 
lo make; it further u]i]ieir« thai in ibumiMiii- 
whiln Walt"» paper w«b urviiy frvi-ly uUown 
among the leading members of the aociery. 
On 30 Nov. I7tf.3 U'att Avroty a letter to Dl*- 
luc on the «ime *iibjwt ; thi* Idler wii« nol 
rend to the toeipty until 1*^ April 1~*M: 
whilr ('»vi>nf31nli'» cniiimiiiiicjitirin on the 
eanie subject was rend nn IJi Jan, l"Hl. 
L'lril Ilrounhfini tracetl out various interpola- 
tionii in the ' I'hilrnopliiciit Tmnonctionti' in 
Cavendish's fnvour by .Sir l.'liarle« HIagden 
[q. v.", then secretnry ; and a curious double 
niiMlatin^ of llieiie imnvnctiuiiK vritg alto 
found; nuiking it ajijienr llifil \Vatt'» roni- 
municntiun of 20 Nov, I78a was -Jti Kov, 
1784, and That riivendijib'i« iwpi-r wan nf the 
date of 1-i Jan. 17^3, and »ol, iu< wan the 
fart, of 16 -Ian. 17«4. Ibi !?'.' A^ril 17h3 
Waif, in wrilinji; lo flilliert Hanntt'tn, tnmU- ^ 
this declarulinn of faith : ' I'lire intiainmahle 
air w i^liloifiston it*clf." ' t>qihli>^i«tic-ated 
air if waiir deprivi'd of i<.« ■•hlu^^i-'ton, and 
united to latent beat.' 'Water is dejililo- 

f;isticuted uir deprived uf purl of its Intent 
leat.anilunitiiil loalar^j^-doMrof |>blo)^i.<aloii.' , 
"Watt dinM;t8 that one part by mea^nre of 
"[Mirw air' ( - dephiii)iisiiciiU'd air -oxygen) 
and two parts by meaaure of inHaminfthlft nir 
{ = pblopistfln -■ hytlropen i iire to be mixed 
and tin^d. It ii iiiiiti-er-rtnin tlmi Arapij in 
hia t-loav of Jaaiv» ^\'ait deliveretl In 
lf<30, though thortkuijhly awiirw of thu 
claiuH lliut had U-qd put forward by tbe 
friend* of Cavendish, unliexltatiitijlv ascribed 
the fint diiM^overy of Tlin fact that water vrnis 
not an element, but wan a compound body, 
and also the aawrtaininif the nature niid 
proportion of the two can»tituvnte, to 
WaM. 

Watt bad bia iattii9»t to chemical science 
Blill further slimulaied l.y ibi- hopo of 
benefltiDf; the health of ius invaliu son, 
Gregory, by ttic inhaling of gases, calhsd in 



those dajra ' factitious ain.' This taoA* ot 

cure was advocated by the celebmled l>r. 
Thomas Jt<-ddoeH [q. v.], and Watt devi«M 
an apparatui to be ut»ed in hospitalfi, and of 
n Amallor size in private boiiiu.-», fur the 
generation of the 'uir*,' and in 179ti pub- 
lisUeil ft pamphlet, with illuiitralions, pncea, 
and directionii for use. Two principal ' airs' 
were tii Im prwluc*-*!. the oue oxyffen and 
the other hydro-carboniite ; this appcan ta 
havit been a mixture of hydnjp'u, irarUitiic 
acid, and »oR]eoarl>onic oxide. Thiahornl:il6 
compound was not supposijd to be of tb« beil 
kind, nor ro do il« worli properly, unleM il 
had the efl'ect of producing in the unhappy 
inhaleranaHrtckof vertiflO- Wiitt lui'tfiih'*. 
cated the eropluymeiit of lime in ihi< 
(be oxyt{<*n gas to purify it, but he c. 
thu u^er of the apparatus whtii tnokiii^ ilu; 
liydr'jHjarbonnte to he careful iio' lo let 
any lime come in coniocl with the t*. 
if &o, it will not produce the dLvin-il . 
nenn. The [mmphVl in one of eAlreme lq- 
tetvst, and the writer is indebtud to Hi^ 
tJeorge Tnupyfi for a copy. 

Watt fill<.id up a garret in HeathQeld 
Hull as a workshop, and lat^^ in life n-liimrd 
to the practice nf tWt delicale manual work 
ill which he had always b«»?n so great h pro« 
Rcient, Heepocially devoti^l himM-Utti the 
invention antl conMniciiug of nppnrsius for 
lb>- f-opyin^r nod ri-pn>ducliiin of sculpt uw. 
and he produced poine very iidrainibU- »iwei- 
mens nflhiswork, of 'which he was iiul a 
little proud. In 1B(<8 there remained in tkia 
workshop a most intere«H.ing colbKlion of 
niodLds of several of Watt's inrifntion.4, in- 
cliidiitg models of his various modes of 
obtaining rotary motion. They art- nuwi 
clearly de^LTibetl in a paper by Mr. E. A. 
Cowner, reotl before tbe Instilution of Mi>* 
cliauK'ul Kugiiiwrs in N'ovvmWr of that 
yi-jir. Nciiv, jirnclically the whole of iheM 
inodels have been removed, leaving only ill* 
sculpture copying machint.'S. 

.\mnng the yery inlerejuing lettiTs in tba 
possession of Sir. Georpe Tangye nre ttnaw 
Irom Argand, on behalf of hinii^lf and of 
MuEitgolncr, relating to that most int:en>>iu< 
water-raising ioiplemeui, the hydraulic raaii 
and to the Argand lamp». There are aba 
four original letters fmui Uobert Fultoa t« 
Bniilinu and Watt, ranging from 17M t« 
180.'), in which orrlnra art* given fur ateiia 
engines, to be used in the stoamboate Fullot 
wns building. 

Watt's first and grealASt inrention— cnn- 
densatiou in a vessel separate from the tlwa 
cylinder—was the vcty life of stt-nm engines 
working nt the low pressuns prevailinff in 
thoae days, as such engine* owed their power 



Watt 



61 



Watt 



fcn the jrrcjttvr or li-it* npproiurh tii 11 ijitTccI 
vnciintn whicli could be t^tliwToil : but a.« tha 
pre>^*iurivof sl^sDi bwAmvincrvaW'd, tlie v&lu<* 
of tliD TBL-U'itift condition bvcaim) n-Utivo1y 
\v^« Biid lo»t Bnd thin ibe liiiali'y m) contl- j 
dentlv claimed br Mr. Serjeant l(ott.<, in hi* 
spvtcii to lb« court of ^peal> wu iiu*»-dil^- I 
Mown to be groutuUeA*. ]{ouftAfi«a1«a,'T1iiB ' 
pecaliar inrrntiun. fur which this {Mttviil ' 
lin* Ih-^'U "btaint-d, wiw fmpi 1 hi: lint jMrfftl | 
fetid c<im]tb-lf, luu never been imprvvud, naJ ; 
from thu noliirm of t)iiug» nrvpr c«n, b.-ojiuM- | 
it U imjiotuibli^ to hnvi.' mon^ than nil.' S<1 \ 
Iohm; niio as IS?^, at the CanlifT m^-BtiiiK | 
of the Uoynl AfrrtrkiUiiral ikxmy bff'urt' ' 
nwDt-ioned, a ponnble non-condon»io^ t.-u- | 
tinf W09 Rhowii, dt-vf^lupiug a borM^|>o»'i'r 
K>T ■ cutuumpiion or 2-<t> lb. of conl pur 

llOUP. 

Tt boi alWATB b>t'n n matter of surprise 
tlut Watt, vrhn hail iuYi-nlnd Ibn fxiMuiMVK 
use of MMiti, did not duvclnp thia principle 
b.V etnplnyini; eti.-niD nf hi^ht-r nnd hiifli'T 
initial nivMure; but thiH be did nor do, nnd 
li«ft(!aui]jopp<w4.-d UicbardTrevitliick ~q.t.\ 
irbo waa th*^! persii'ti-nt adrocatt; of ^lii^h- 
prusBure nenia couidiM] with expaneion. 
Sixteen veai^ after Watt's d<.-ath, wh^n ttu- 
writor of ihia artJclu wax an iipprenticc, the 
m prvaaure of ateam in cAndcnainii 

_ vhvtbor etatiooajy or mnrini?, wiw 

frmo 4 tu lb, pvr vquan* inch abovu utinu- 
didiiTn ; and notwith.ttutidiiiy Iho conden«a- 
liQD in ibd auparato wesol, tlw consumptiuii 
«f ccad wa* fmm o tO 8 lb. per boroc-iwwi-r 
p«>rfaniir. The steam prffviun! in tnnrin<^(>n- 
^nM it now from Im) to 2iiO lb. tlVrkiiiM 
went M hiffh nr 100 Ib.t, and iha onsuin|t- 
lion of coal i« bom 1^ to '2\ lb. por lionw- 
powMT per hour. 

lu I'pil*' of his wretched health, Wntt wns 
<in«! of tlip most determined and pcraiiitont 
of men; hiscouragti, irxcopt in nlnttvr^ of 
Gnanca;, wiw of thi> highest. He viTy early 
acqaintd a koovled((D of German and vf 
Italian to F>ndbl>> hiiu tn rt>ad work* on 
mwhanicM piiblishwl in ihnst! langiiag^x. and 
h» iipptsir! from hi* corr««pfindtnn> fo ha*'' 
br«a a fro'Hl Ktvmcb Acliolar. Ii ba^i been 
Mid h" was originallr n aatbeniDtical in- 
*1.rum«ut maker, and a workman of fcrcat 
iklicacy of loucb. In hui early days at 
OtaJficuw, al the request of somu rriends, he 
made an orpin of great Iciaiitv of I'lnt;, and 
ho alwo madf iilhar muati^al in»lrunienta to 
wbliffe liiK friend^iatld not, it would appi^'iir, 
fruto a luvt" of tniiwr ; for in Inter <,"<"nr», ivhi'ii 
8«utb<Tn applied for pmployropni nc Sobo, 
Watt said: 'I should b« verv pUd to vn- 
Bafre him for a drawer, providisl he (hti-k 
VDod to give op miuic. Otherwise I am 



aiire ht* will do no j;oo<l, it lieing lh« source 
nf idl«no«s.' In i-arly dayit also Watt in- 
vented and »old a port sblumni'limr for draw- 
iuff fmm nature iit proper pt^rapective. 

In his vhfrtnicDl pursuit* ho not only da- 
vi«od the apparatus to tnaatifacturH th« 
'faclitiouB aire,' but he inruBted a umple 
mwle of aiic>-rlnininir th<! it]i«-cific gravity of 
duidi', by mi-<aoE of a lubel^irminatini^in two 
tubular b-^T, imii of which was imm>>r'«<J in 
distilled WHt«r, the '>lher in the liquid to ho 
teatanl. A )Hirlial exhaustion of tlia single 
tuhi> being mad<^, thi^ water and the liquid 
to belented rose in the re.''pe«tive leg«, and 
the dill'cTL'ncc* in thi- height bflwM^n that of 
the water and of thi> Ii(]uid under trial gave 
the e[)ecihe uravitv of thi* liquid n» tum- 
[larud with tbt* water. ^Vuil al.'<o iiivi-nteil 
au admirable miiroinetiT; iind he perceived 
the value of wealber rurnrdt, and for niiio 
veara lo^pt at tyiilu'i a it)f;«l. complete account, 
otterving every day at eight in theinoniing, 
two in tile iifteritoon. and eigln. in the even- 
ing the height of the l)a^)nlrtr^. the tem- 
perature, the hTRTometer, the direction nf 
the wind, Iho rainfall, and the geaornl con- 
dition of the wealber. 

Ktverlinp to engineering— Watt devise<I 
ulocbtMl-up automat tc counter, to nvonl the 
number of iiln>keH madu thmugbont length- 
ened periodx by his pumping t-ngin'?*. Ila 
propof^ed, and included in hid patent of 17»4 
(StK ii'-i'J), n Meuw oarriage for comitioii 
r>ade, with dilferentisl gear for use on bills. 
Ill- aliMi pniito*.-d till- 11"* of the iw-puw ppo- 
]>tilier, wliica he called the ■ spiral oar, for 
unvig.ition. Me how, in Iruth, not a mere 
t<]xvialu>t devoted to one subject, but was 
of great general Hcientific beaming, and wail 
' a happy itistnnce of a man wiio b>M>d hi«.j 
' invetitiiiuA on teientillc data, and proTiMi| 
them in the model form hy aid of his rare 
manual dextertiy. 

i\ji regards the favourable impreasion bo 
made on ihoBu with whom ho ap«ocial*'d in 
bin later life, and the I'xtettt and versatility 
of hia information, nothing oan more readily 
l«»tify In thiit tlinn the etatemeni by Sir 
I Waller .Scott nf bin mwting with Watt in 
I 1^17, when Watt wa» in Uitt eighty-eer^ond 
year (.Scott erronenu*ly aaya Highty-firihl; 
thi* is to be found in Scott's letter to ' (.'ap- 
tain Clutlerbiick ' in ' The Monasterv ' (]t<01 
edit., p. 4i). 



Wall was made a, fellow of the I'oyal 
Swi'-ly nf KdiiibiiiTith in I7S-1, of Uio Itnyal 
?>nciety of I^ndon in 1785, aud an LL.D. 
Cila«gow in 1&)G, and was everywhe-rt! re- 
cognised by men of science as one of the 
foramoat among them. This was so ooL only 



in tlie United Kln^ou, but on Uie eon- 
tiaivt. As early as 1781 the UiuaiaQ 
AinbuSBdoT wmti' nil behalf of lhr> t'inprr-nft 
a moK- flattering letter, bi!gguig Watt to go 
to liuMiB, and tn \» thv Nuprams director of 
ntinco. motallurgii', and ordtuDua coating in 
tluii couiilO'- Wntt tvfuwd tim offer in a 
k'tt^r admirable (nr it« cU-amfiifl and its 
cDurtwjr. H« corrwpoDdpJ very frwjuently 
with scientitic meti in Franco, and wm 
exlnimcly well recvirud llicrr- Ijy tht-m wlicn 
bi> vtont with Houiton to Paris in I'SW. 
LavoiBier and U«rtbolka wvru ainvn^ liis 
most inlinintf »c<iiiniiilHiiCE". In iNJh liu 
WM mttdv a rorreDpondin^ memlier of the 
luvtitute of Francv, ami in 1H14 un« of tli« 
eight foieiiifti a«mci(« of the AejulOinie du 
Scicmce*. lie declined Gbortly before hix 
dMtb an offer of a barouotcj^ tnado thiough 
Sr Jcmnh Books. 

On 18 Juutt l8-.>4 Intber Ir« thiin Sva 
yuars afk<r WiitT'ii death) a public mMting 
■wna ln;l(l in London to make proTiBion 
for a mnnumcui to Watt'e m>im»rT; tlii^ 
mMltng was ulti-uded by (^ir) Uumplirt' 
Davy, Sir Uobi>rt IW, Lord Hruu^^bam, anil 
tuunv otbcn. In l)ii- nwult, n luonniiti-iiL 
by Chnntr>'y was ersictud in "WoainuDflttT 
Abbey, with* an epitapli by Brdugbam ; whiU' 
in Fnaca, XiAt^o in \t^X* prnnouncAd a 
wtdl-kuuwu and appreciative 61o^' before 
Ui« Acad^tiiii< dv* Scicnci^*. 

A bust of Wit'C by ('hantroy,a niedallioD 
and a cbulk drawiTi}r by IIp&niBe, auil a 
Bt-pia by Ocorp' P«wi> nre in the National 
Purlrait Uallury, I'Miiibur)jh. Two portraits, 
ooo painted by Cbark-n F. du Tlredn in 179S, 
&nd lh« othiir by Hfiiry Howard, ll.A., 
arwin tin? Natioimi Tori rait fiallpry, London. 
8ir William nei^cliuy in 1&01 uiidt^irThomnii 
Lawrencv in IBIIi juaintcd balf-lcngtlia, and 
Sir Ht^nry Ituubuni o Lead in L&15. A ]hi^ 
SlalUf wa« ereotvil in Biriuingham in lHi8, 
and then' aro full-len^h etaluee by Chaniroy 
not only in Wtial minster Abbi<y but at Glai^ 
gow (both in fk'orge Square and at the col- 
lepil, in OrwWiock Libran,, and in lland*- 
wortlir.hurdi.wbpTf iboenTinMrwaehurird. 

The 6on, JjJiiB Wait (17«»-1MH), bom 
on 5 Feb. 1709, early tnmcd hia att^ntioit 
lo science. In l?^Li Lw wiail to Pari* to 
pUTdLio bis atlidiM, anil Cook part in ibii 
ruvuliitionary inovenu^nl. At Iirel he waa 
in bi^b I'ftvour with tb«i IftniltTn, but on 
aluiwiii^ a dintaftti' for their lattr esocflse*, 
he waa dbnouoced beforo the Jacobin Club 
by llobviipierri> and was compoUed to dtf 
inio Italy. K-.>turaiiig to England in 1701, 
lif b(.<cain<! a porlnv^r in llu- 8oho hrni, aod 
nfttvrw&rds ^\o muu tMtjiUuicti to Fulton. 
Xu lt^l7 bvl>ougbt tbeCaledoniaoC KUftoDv, 



fitted her with tww en^iuKt, and 'wvnt in 
her to UuUand and op cm Rhiae to Cobleat. 
She waa the first atBamshi]) to le«T« m Bof- 
lish port. On his return ho nude natanil 
impro^'enwnta in marine en^nea. lie died, 
uniDwned, the larttof Wall's descendants, 
at AeloQ Ilall, W'orwiekiihire, on '2 Jaaa 
1 818 ( Gtnt Moff. 181B, it 207 ; Wau, .«m 
of Ibe Hfiyn), 

[WilUaiDKia'e .Meniona) of the Life and 

, Liacagv. &c« of Janue Watt, I8AS; SmilMli 
LirM of iJottlton and Watt, 1866; HuitbcwIV 
Ongin nnd Vtoxrr^ ot the Sleehanieal Invva- 
tiona of Jam» Watt, lS6t ; Murbcad'R Life of 

I Wan. 1868; K. A. Cowper in the Tra»a»elit.ii» 
of tliD Imtitntiuo nf Mwhiuiieal EMpne o p. 18U, 
ou ttie 'iDTunttooj of Jamsi WMA and haa 
Mudals prva^rrnl at Ka&dsworth and at Soath 
Ki'iisinatun;' ' Wati' in ihn I'niili lijiaplJe 

, ShtauBMa, 6(h ed. 1823, by Jamea WatLjoiv.: 
Mnirhead'B CoReBpumleace of the Ut« Jaut* 
Watt on Ilia XKacorery of tba Tticory of tbo 
Compoeitioa of Waier, 1^16; Rvbiwa'a 3Ce- 

, chMiical I'hJloeophy: li^ltenaod notes l>y Jaaw« 

I Walt on tlio lli»lury of tlio SteaiD Bii|[iiie; 
FnrnyontW^tvaia Kugine, IdST: LnwItepoiW: 

' pjiats m«rvcd in BoiUtoo aad Walt r. Boll, ud 
in ItiiiiitoiiiiTiil Wnii I', Uornblownr and Mabw- 
ley ; Spec ilir;it ion of Wn«b rough's patent, ITTIj 
S|H«ilIaii ion of Pickard'a pateot, 1780; KUi- 
buriih Bamv. vol. Iixivii., Jeffn-yn on WoU 

I Hiiil tliB (^injKMiiLidii of Wnlor; I'hil. Tnn*. 

I Ufl3fuidI78'(,n>l.Uxiv,; Lonlnrron th«| 

I Vjt^'ine. \Sia lud IBfil ; Ar.iK.>» I- 
ImmI by MiiirhoMd, 1830 ; Xorih Britiijta' 1 

I 1847, vol. »i. : foeweieron Wau'a Ihs-ovotyi 
tha Conpositioii of Water; Tramairlunia of 1' 
InilitHlion of Ciril Knttinaer^. Walker's (Pr 
di-ntj Addrcas. 1843: BrouKbam's Lirr:tof I 
nont Utn of Lottrrs and bcicnot, 1 H4n ; '' 
burgh Kviioir, xiii. 3'jO; Re««*4 Cydc 
abunt 1814, '&ii!am£agin^.'byFarryon "(V 
InfonaatioBi Stoart's DracripliTe Utitory uf tki 
St(«inBoi^iie,I83I.] F. B-l. 

WATT, JAMK8 IlENRY (1791* 1807), 

line engraTpr, wiw bom in I^oiid^ju in 17W* 
atid, atcht^ n^ofeif:bte«n, bef&ntr' a nuptl of 
Charlw ileatti (!7d5-lt*48t ^q. v.] He e«- 
pTATcd manv beautiful vignt!tt<M for thi> 
' Amiiii-t,' * Lili'rary Souvtmir,' and ttimilar 

frnduciionsi fnini dt*igiK by Ilijbf rt Smirkv, 
tichurd Westnll. ami otberfi; also Mvsnl 
platf-H for tho i.iili<;inl publication ' Aiwiwil 
MBrhlen in t.ho llritiAh !MnB<-um,' Of Ufr 
larger works, whicli arc all executed in put* 
ltn<! on t'np|i^r, wirh much taa1<.- and pown^ 
the most imponaut ore: 'Thi- Flitch of 
HocoM,' ufler .Stothard, IHSL* ; ' Slay Uay in 
the Tiu)*' of (Juven Kliabuth,' after Lwlie* 
l83tt; ' llighlaud llniver»* IVnarture,' anJ 
' Courtyani in the Olden Time," after 
K. Landceer; and 'Uluiat Bksuiig 





fij 



Watt 

in Loudon on 18 May LtW7. 
^ [An Joatnal. 1 W" ; Bnl|[raT«'« Diet, of Ar- 
LtfijU: OoDt,H«s. 186;, ii. Lli;.] li^- M. U'D. 

PwATT. KOBKRT (177I-181»>. bibUo- 
gnpb«r. ton of John Watt (i^. 1810^, w 
umt &c BoQDyton fiirm in cbc poneh of 
Stew«rt4>u, Aynhiie, od I Maj U7I. At 
an early age b« inu »ent to school, but itImii 
about tbmvan worluxl u & pIou{[liboy to a 
noKbliouring fKrtner. A lore of odventura 
gn\o him ttiu dctite to b* a chkpmua. Wjtli 
etune olliwns ho iiiwi« a Inp into (iailoway to 
work f-ti stone-dfkin; and mad-tniLlfini;. At 
Uumfnes they boHtJvil on thv f»rm ol' Kllih- 
laod, ID tlw poueMion nf Rok'iTt Uiirns.and 
UtmI for&om? days in ibe old house which 
lu* atid his familr UnA n-et^ntly occupied. 
■ Purine the Bunuuer I sp^nt to. DumtriM- 
aiurv I liad fFcquGiit opport uuiti(« of Mdina 
Bums. l>ul cinitut n.-cu]IocL uf having rormed 
any oiiini'>n of him, except a conrus^d idea 
that lif WW an t-xtrnonlinan* cluinictt*r' 
(Autohivifiaphiratl Fragineutin Jii'yttifiAKa/ 
Diet, jf EmineM ^cf.ttmm, 18fi4l, p. 433). 
Even while curling »tLiDwi he found ouprT- 
ruoirir.ifnrrf^&dintc. llU^hlt^r brother, John, 
who hud been ucubiutii-mali'T iu Olas^w, 
retum»d homt.- and pentiAdcd ^^llU to joi» 
bin ID bunnew a» carpculer and joiner, llis 
d«votiontOHlu>IybetfaDt»Htroii);«r,andyonnR 
Watt in iJcloher of NoTcmbtT 1702, tiaving 
bam liropored by on hour's tuition •mchinom- 
JIJl in tiretfk and lAtin by Iluni'nn Macfar- 
une. Khoolaiastvr in StcwurloEi, vntwrvdtht- 
rla»*rw fi>r thnau Langiia^cea at (>lA.<i((on- I'lii. 
Ter»ity in 1703. and for thv Un»^^li and lugic 
flifntf tht following year. We giiStinl n 
pritK bciBtowHd br Profisor John YounR id. 
1820) ;q.v.]for6r«fU, .-.ndinna-innd ITHd 
atfanded the rnoral and iiiittiml phiU)i>')pliy 
cllBWH nf Edinburgh. I)i)rin}{ {\iv suiniuer 
rrnnan \\t mpporT»] hiniitolf by tt-avhini^, 
sod in l~)>ti had a»cliool in Kiloiaun jnritib, 
whfTA he hi-<Mme nonuiLinttd with tho Ilcr. 
John UuMvI ^q. V.J of Kilmarnock — UumsV 
•KumhleJobn.' In l7(Kand l7U7beatud)«l 
aoatcmy and divinity at EdinlturK^h, and 
o)>taint-a a pritn of 1(U. for iin hixiiv on 
* Rc^genBruioD/ highly praiac-d by I'Tnlt.«Aor 
HlUtt«r. lb acted a» pnroclual ncliijcdmitstvr 
in SyniiTifnon, nf>ar Kilmarnork, in KlC and 
irtw, but resolvr^d to give up the study of 
divinity for that of nn-dicin*-, which he fol- 
lowed ut Uhugow in 17&8 and I'DLK Ue 
wa< uul, howovt^r, appreattoed to a suvgeon, 
allbnuirh IVtcr MacKenxwi atktog that in 171*3 
Walt ' tfot into the apothecary shop of old 
Mines frardner' in Glasgow {Bemmucencea, 
wL iii.) 



t^att 



llavin)^ »»cured tbi^ license of thC' filaAgow 
FacultvoflTiysicianfiandSurifeonsonO.Vpril 
1799, Wjktl ciiinni«'ii«'d ■!> a (^rtiwml nraiTli- 
I toner at Paiitlev, contributed to the 'Medical 
and Htysicnl .foumal' (l^ndon, March and 
Anfpist 1800, and May 1801), and jmihliiihed 
hi* tlntt book, ' Cases of l>iab«t«8, CoiifiuEDp- 
tion, &c., witli Oh«(«rvation& on the IIi«tory 
and'lV.-at tuunt of Uiseosv in eeuonl ' (PaisW, 
1 80S, ^va), n worb long held in otteen. ifia 
pnctico and rvputattou incruaaed, and bfi 
lMcani» a ' memlier' of the OInjigow far.ultT 
on '> Jan. 1 807. Two TPars hit«r ha joumi-ywl 
sooth lo we if hv Cfuild find « suitablr- "Imti- 
ing in England. He reociTed the degree of 
.M.L>, from King's CoU«ge> Aberdeen, on 
"M March 1810, took n inrgo hou«> in QiiMn 
Sirvei, (tlasgow, practised as a physician, 
and dclLTercd courfe* of lecturas on ni«-di- 
ebic. Ili» itystem i.f teaching wsa ' to haro 
raouursH to original authors, and he ust«- 
hliisLod a wi-ll><:l>ouiu libraty, d«cribed in B 
'(^tluh>guH of Mnlicnl liwiliii for the u»e cS 
Studnnla atlendini,' I.L-clnros on tht! Prin- 
ciplp« and i'rnclxcr nf Mndifiiw; with an 
AddrpM to Mpdiral Studpnia on the host 
Method of prosecuting their Studies' (Glas- 
gow. 1811', 8vo), now MtTcmely mrt', atid 
nj-ji'iallv iutbrosting as the starting point 
of the ^^nlOus ' Itibliothvca Britannica,' tlie 
plan for which had been dovclopiiig from 
thelimehcmatriculated in MM'A. 'Die 'Cata- 
logue' includita ov<^r o thousand mlries: 
ancienl end oiMdvrn litvniiun.- are wtll ru- 
pre.icnled. lIi- also Imd a ccllpciion of a 
thousand there's u\ailahli> for refL-rencc, and 
' mniiiinrripl ealalo^iivs, iirrtin^i'd uljihatM-l i- 
cally ucmrding to thti aiuhorB* namos and 
the siibiiiclH treAtml, miiy !••■ f^^^n in the 
library, and will bo printed aji iuion oa the 
collection i* completev.!.' Ho in.ide wmie pro- 
grcM in ihf formation of n pathological 
museum. 
In 1B13 ho publishc^d 'A Treatin on the 
j Ili^ton', Nalnre, and IWatuoeui of Chin- 
I cougb, iocludinff a Variety of Casf.« and Itia- 
I M.>ctious; U> which itt subjoinod an Inijuiry 
I into thfc nilative Mortality of the iirincjpa! 
I IHiieefieH of Children aud ibo numuers who 
have diLsl nndtrr U'n yeAr* of agv in Q]as|;oiv 
during tlifi !a5t thirlv yearn,' Glasgow, ftvo. 
The 'Inquiry' was tlw fruil of a Inborioua 
invtMiKftlionof [lit- r^giMurs of tlieGlaapOW 
Ixirial-places, and sMggested that the dimi- 
nution in deaths by smallpox due lo vaccio^- 
lioii waa compeit8ate<1 by Ihv incn.'>a9e in 
deaths by itiesjiIeA (cf. ltjLRo:(, L\fe v^Jettnrr^ 
it. dU2: Edinburgh MeHeai and Sumiait 
Javmal, .\pril I>^1J, p. 177; Sir (lilb«wt 
Blane ill MrdimS nnd Vhirurifi^it Tmns. of 
Looduo, 1813, ir. W6; Dr. Farr in lityutrar- 






^att 



64 



Watt 



f;nw/«r* Rrpmt, IftrtT pp. Sl.t-U, lft72p. 
324. arid lii» Vital .SMittic*, IS<?*5. pp. 321-2^ 
WkIt's tables wero riprodnwd Ijt Jolin 
TlmtnMn, Glasgow, IHSH (=we W. Wuitb, 
iS'(i>ry i;/"« (iitat DtluAuin. 1885, pp. 439 62 ; 
J. WiiVaII., Vareinati'jn Vindkiite't, 1667, 

J. tOI; Orkiohton', IlUtoiy (ff Jipidemies, 
S91, ii. 662-fiO}. 

Watt piiMisli'i] finnnymouAly it I'Miii- 
burfchinlHI'l (i small .tptnvo volume entitled 
' Kuloaof Liff, with lt»«fli'Oli"ii«on tliw Man- 
ners and r>i(ip(i.«iti"iirt nf Maiikind,* rintain- 
inp II tliaueaiid and onu ftpborisms. At this 
period be wm leadinj; n vi-ry ftciiv<> fimff-s- 
eionnl lif(^ IIo wua a lUHmber of the Medical 
(irni ('binirifical Society of I^ndon, Mid con- 
tributed pnjtfTK to tUiLt body: be tvas t 
fnundtT Bnil iitTt pre«idi-nt of the Qloigow 
Mi-.<ii<^nl ^?n^i<>(y; nnd in 181-1 wtu Klvctud 
president of lli« t'ticully 'jf I'livijicifliis and 
yiirReoii*. und phy^icimi to ibe iloyal Infil^ 
mnry of GUsgow. From ISlfl to 1S17 Lu 
wa.«* presidio tU of tbo Gluiynw I'ltiloMipiiicnl 
Society. Ttiit the cantinuaiiH labmir of pn>- 
pnriiiu the- JiiWiolhtrca'iinpaln-d bmbfjiltb, 
and \\c witbdrow frtini prnrtim aboiil tlie 
U';;iiinin^ of 1SI7. IK- retired to Cmnpritl^, 
R subur>i of Gliidg-nw, wtu-ri' be rftmninod 
until bis di-ntli. lii Itn? compilntion of the 
' Kibliiilhecti,' wliiuli he directwl frnni il sick 
bfil, be was &^i)<t<-d by bi* tern* .Jobn ond 
Jamed, Willium !\lot.!ierweIl [().v.j, nnd Alex- 
niidiT Wliiti-lftw. A sL'ft vovage to Loudon 
undo tour in l^ngland fuibKl to n-rtlyre bU 
vifi^our. ' Propo^ilr' ' for llie publicatioti of 
tli« work by subscription xvew circii!nl«i; 
the firit part wa.-i fidvorti*fd nn 1 IVc l!^l8 
as rt'ady to bv i*-vied in Febnifiry 1819, 
but Woit ' died when only u few of ite ^htwla 
were primt'd oil" (iV»:A(nf, p.v>, on 12 March 
1»I9 (Ohior/ow lln-nld. Ul' March If^lB). 

He married Muriun 13iinu> {il. l^Ott), who 
bore him nine rbibln-n, of whom .lobti, the 
eldc*t.(Ii«l in 1*^21, and James in 1^29, both, 
likt' ibt'ir father, victim* to tbrir devotion 
to bibli(>f.'nipby. .\ daughter israidto havo 
diod in (bf workhouse si Glunow in 18ft4 
i^Ij.ndon Jitadft, '2>^ May 186-0. 

Two portruil* of Watt ore preserved in 
tlw hall of the I-'acully of I'liysicians ftnd 
Sitr^reona at Gltu>|^w, one as a young man ; 
theotb'T, in mutuo' a^^e,ia aaid 10 bepointed 
by Ita'-hiirn. A third portrait, of a uiilu 1>e- 
tweeu the two, wan e»hihiled at the Old 
Gbidpi^w I'^xbibitinn in 18i>4. ^^'tttt was a 
tall and handsome man, nnd very robii«C, in 
«iLriy life. 

A month after Walt's duath Dr. Tboma* 
Chalmen [l- ^0 "'"' somu olhi^ra ii»iied a 
circular to iumuk the aubecribers that the 
manuacrijjt of Ibe 'Uibliolht-ca' had twcn 



loft by thft author in an adranc^ stale of 
reodiiieas, and that his son vrould mu it 
through ibe pres*. The work was fiuallr 
compieti'd in 1>'24, under the title of ' Ilili- 
liotbe<:ii llriiaTinica; or a general Indim lo 
RritiHh and Foreign Literature, by Itoboit 
Walt, M.l). In two pan«, Authors aad 
Siibjecta' (Edinburgh, -I vols. 4to). It camu 
out in juirt4, of which No«. 1 to 4 bad thv 
imprinr of Olftf^ow, lrt|9-S0, and fi to II 
that of Edinburgh, 1821 4. The publication 
broTtifht nothing but evil fortune tothe W»u 
famUy. The author nnd hi« two soof wen 
killed hy it, anil the t'oiuitable-s failed btrfon 
tJiL-y paid to Mrs. Wiitt a sum of 2.00W. 
wliieb hail U-eji agnwd upon for the compiU- 
tion. "VVatt was 'a praetii loner of great 
fisgacitv and 11 pbiloKopbicnl pmrvubinr of 
medicine' (Parr in ltrg.-Ge». Report, t"*?, 

f). 314), but it is B<i a bibliographer that his 
amti will liri*. Ilia induslrj' and i>rnar> 
verAnc<< under dilltcultiex were re.mnrfiaUe, 
The plan of a rntslogue of authors, follow^ 
by An index of sutgeeta, grew from tb« ar- 
rangement of bia own tnedical coUeciioo; 
he enlarged thi< to include all medical works 
piihliKbud in Knjilnnd. then lo law and •iHk! 
subjects, and tiually to foreign and clasftical 
lileratun'. An idee from )>uriodicali> and iJi« 
jiri^d unions of faiiimw printing pri'ssi^ wit» 
alio included. In spile of many iiujwrfec- 
lioiw and Ihi.i increase of intxiern r.- ; 
ments. rhe book ii* srill ono of the li • 
tools of the librarian nnd bibliogtujrj.-r 
After iho dcatli of Watt's lost aurvivia^ 
daughter in ISOl the original manni^nw 
wasdiscnvered. consisting of two large «acki 
fuU uf slips. It is now preserved in the fnw 
library at Pai.ttev, arranged in aixfy-nbie 
volumes. 

[TLe ehipf M)ur<.-eK of infomiatiun are ]>r, 
Jtmiut Ktnlnyson*!! .^cmnnt nf th« Life aad 
Wurk» of Dr. Rnbert. Watt. 1897. Svo {wiiba 
pDFtrsit and blbliuKTHptiy): I>r. Finlaysw'i 
Uedii-4l UiMingrapliy and Mt-dical KducaiUiu: 
Di-. KoLorl Wnii'ii Library for his MnlicjJ Sin- 
dcDtv in 1813 CEdiab. Meriieal Jonrnal, OctoW 
1898;. .SoeKlfeo (.Tbambsra'a Biogr. Dktiou^ 
of J'^iniiK'Ul So-tftmeTi, Qbueoir, l8AA-ft, 4 nh. 
4lo(wub}<atol.<iognipiii«ul fragment not in IST4 
edition, wliiMi, huwavor, conlains aoin* fii 
itifurninlion). Jtlacfarlnnr-'s IWixli of Str«afi 
(N'air Klnliiticnl Acc-ijiinl of I'^ttnoil, Edi 
1844, T. "30-1): DunentiV Memorials of 
Kiicwlty nf I'hymcinris and .Sor^wmaof fll 
189e;'AllibHinu'i Diet, of Kagliab Lit.; 
keoiie's Old Rcinlni>c«DrGi of QUagow, tit. I 
610; MaMci'fl Bibliographical M(>rt>-r (The 
bmry. lB89,i.M-63); Proc-of thi-rhiloiophitd 
Soe. of Olaagow, 1S40. iv. 101-17; Memoriol 
Cat of tha Old Gku^v ExUb. 18&t. GUagov. 
1S96.) U.R.T. 



WATTS. .\LAiaC AI.I-LVANDIiU 
(1797-lfWI>. poel, born in Loudon on 
IC Marcli J "Iff, wtw the youngtet wn of 
John Alrtalev W Kits, the rKUTeoeDlalivi! of a 
reiipoctablo Lijiceslenlure maily , bv .Sarah, 
(lau^hti^ri.irS«n)iHi| RiJton nf Fair \iiIi<,nMir 
Ili'nlpy-on-Thampe. His grand fiitlK^, Dr. 
\^ illiam Watl4, a nhjsiciaa, n-|iu married 
MA13-, d«ugkler of Ui^nrgi- Wlialluy (of th[> 
regicide hmilr)t was one of tli« foutnlcni of 
tbo Leicester Infimutrv (ein; Nicuou, Jlint. 
fif Lacetter»Mre). Tin.- iui>H:oii«luci of liiit 
fatlier occaJiioned a »H[)aratioQ between his 
parauu, whoso aflkirs wi're furtiieT com- 

?licaled by an inlnrmiiinblM cliiiniri>r3' HUtt. 
'oun^Wattawad broiijr'it up by hi* mother, 
wrho placed him in ipilW ut Wyt- Cwlli-ge 
graumar bo1u>oI, K'-nt^ nnd two Vi'iira liit>:r 
«t I'ower'fl 'Academy' at Astiford. On 
leaving school in 181'J Lt- hocaiii<; ;^iicri>9- 
Eively u&her iuascbooL at riilhatu; a private 
tutor in the family of Mr. Kuspini, dpntial 
to theprincir rogcnt ; and temporary durk in 
tba oBice of I be cinitrolltrraf army account*. 
Loaviog' rhi^ cmploTtnent in conecqufnce of 
Um r«du(;lion uf thv nrmy, bv SlW »aui« 
ttrtorahipfi in the north of England, and 
evrntuafly, ntwut 1618, wturned to Loadon 
as sub-editnr of the *N*vf Monthly Maf^- 
siae.' In llsli) be supeTiiit<^ndedthe produc- 
tion of Char 1(4 Ilobtrt Mat iirin's imsneccaifiil 
trsffedy of Fivdu[phij/ai)d in the mme year 
■ude the ac(|uaimanco of .leri'Oktab Iloltnea 
and Btnjantin Barron ^Viffl■^ q. v.], whose 
•ieier, I'rixilla AEndt-n, iiDtiulIy known as 
'ZillaJi,' he married at Wobnrn on IB Sept. 
1821. Jluwu^ai tbiH limc! u coQtribitlur to 
the 'Literary (Inn-ltt',' where it wcrii-ji of 
pipon on ilie ' llumiwlugp of Byron ' bad 
■ttnulcdconxidvruhtfitll^nlinR, imd had bf 
oone intimate with many literary and «r- 
tiatic celabrities, but bad no cerluin means 
orineone until, in 182*J. Mr. J.O. Itobiniion, 
of the Brm of Hunt & Hobiiifon, for whom 
b« bftd perfonned some literary work, offoppd 
him tlw editortliip of the ' i>>i.-dj liiiL'Ui- 
gencer.* He nomewliat prejudici-d tht-popor 
at first by an advocacy of the fencing of 
machinery in fn<!torir->i which it«liiiii»bed aiid 
exaaperated the employf^ra: hut in the opi- 
nion of hia fritrad Croty ' hit) estmciH and 
tit«mTT noticPA plncf^ his work nbnvp the 
level of any country newepajwr,' and he con- 
ducted i( MtccctAfiilly until, in ]&J''i. hu left 
Leeds for Manchesier to fdii the ' Couritir.' 
]lia connection with .Meft^re, Hunt I'v: Itobin- 
aon, hnwevt^r.woH not di^^oUcd, bul Ix^ounc 
iDor« intimate IhrouKh the enlablishment 
onder bill t-ditor^hip m 1624 of the ' Liti*- 
rary riouvenir,' partly an imitation of thtu 
(lemuui periodicals of the class, hiit sub- 
TOU LX. 



stnntiullv the parent of the nuinerutu tribe 
of annuals and pocket-bonkx wbicb abAorbml 
80 miu-Li uf English art and litemture for 
the next tifteen yi-Arx. ^^'lltl» nparad no 

K'ns tu secure first-rate contributor!* in 
h di-partmi^ntx, and liisedilorshiji brought 
bim into friendly relatii>ns with. Seori, Word 8- 
wortli.L'uleridge,l'raed, Sidney Walker, Mr#. 
HemaiLi, and many other leading writers. 
Such work waa more congenial to hint than 
iho editorship of the 'Courier," and he re-i 
Aigiiedibal post in LSl'ti: hw now beaimi 
proprietor of the 'Literary Souvenir,' lb«' 
original publishers having sunk in the com- 
mercial tem|je!.i tif thtj tiimi. lie had ob-i 
lainud retiuintion as a pnel by a pleoAini 
xoluiuH, 'l''tclicalSketchi'»,'privnie!yurinieo 
in lHi'-> (London, i^vn) and piiblishrd in l>i2S 
(4ih edit. 1>*-J»)i and in 1U2H he collected 
some of the bw>f- fugitive pociry of the day 
in the 'I'oetical Album.' A Mcond M-riva 
followed in 1**:;^, and wna sueceeded by two 
v>iuiiLar coHeetioni', "'ITio Lyre' and 'The 
Laurel,' lonether reprinted in IWZas'Tb 
Xjaurul and the Lyre.' In 18^7 he took [ 
in eHlabVuthing the 'StandiLni' newspaper 
[see GiFFAKO, Staxlkv Lbcm], and in 183S 
h» founded tb« ' (.'nited .Service Gotette,* 
which he conducted for some years. The 
'Literary Souvenir,' long exceedingly euo-' 
cessful, wa.« by thi» rime declining, and ex^ 

!iired in IKJfi, after baring being carried on' 
ijr three years as the ' Cabinet of Hrilish 
An.' Wiiua (Litnbuttid this to the attaicka 
of William Mftginn [»). v.] in • Fhwit's Miga- 
linLVwhcrenlihoUoiiBbiit irreaialibly comical 
caricuiuio portrait by Maulisu had appeared, 
representing WuttA carrying off pietureg with 
a decidedly furtive uxpreaeiou. An aiCtion 
fur liUd reiiulted, in wlilch Walts obtained 
1 r»0^. daniagea. The decline of the ■ Souvenir' 
led liini to become what Mucinn contem^K 
Inoiiflly called ' bead nurse of a hospital of 
rickety newapsperlings,' a deacription the 
trutli of which in ndmitti^d by his son. 
The*e specula! ions, cIiieHy minor provincial 
papers eslablishnd in the conaert atire in- 
terest, involved him iu Utigalion with hia 
partner in the ' L'nited Service Oaaelte;' ho 
relirt'd frum all eonneclion with the press in 
1^7, and in IKVl became a bankrupt. Jn 
the .'iarao year, neveriheleas. appeared a col- 
lective edition of poems, which long retained 
ffipulnrily, entitled ' Lvrics of the HcBrt,*! 
ri 165S he accepted an utferiorappDintntcnt. 
in Iho inland iwenile office, where his aon 
bad obtained a high position; a civil list 

fiension of IIK)/. a year was conferred upon 
>im by l^>rd .\benleeii in January }^M. 
Hii> later duy* wt-rM thu» rcnderrd c<iniforl- 
uble. In It^jtibeimliatedaverynseful c1a.<ui 

f 



of publication by editing tlio first iwiio at 
' Mon of tb« Time,' remarkable for ta nn- 
pareJIelod misprint ftt blor at tbc oxpetue of 
tliti bishop of Oxford, &u(l the porl«ntou<i 
leiigib of th^ artick' on the editor, wbo knit 
Mwunltfl bi[u»t:li tlirve Xnavt iii< much i>|>ikv 
u he has bpslowed on Tennyson. 

BufiitluE hia poumG.be was the author of 
Hiv«ral pra»c vnr)i«, nf vrliich, as b« *nT«, 

* he did not think it won h while tn rlaiin 
the pitt«mity.' Ilia moat notpworthy Cdin- 
pilalion LH the momnir and let t I'rpn'cx no- 
compnnTing tb» beRtitiful i«<iue of Turner'* 

* I^bcr Flitviornro ' in I-'^fiR, He diM on 
Ti April 1801 at iJlenbeiiii Orescent, Nottiog 
Jlill, whither he had moved from St. John's 
Woiid in 16W. Ui:i widow .tiirvivud until 
IK I>im:. IST-'J, and was buried beside her 
hnBbaiid in Hifrhiifiilc ci'mot^ry. Their son 
Altirii- Aifivd {born iH Fttb. \t^'2ti) marrii-d 
in I hW Annn Mnria, elder daUKrhter of Wil- 
liam lotd Mnry llnwilt. Kti-hinffi of Walt* 
nnd his wifr: are pTfiHxe^^ In the two volumes 
of the ' Life' by Alaric Alfred Watts. 

[Ahiriir WatlH: a Nuruiiro of hit Life, by hii 
Bon. Alnric Alfred Wiiits. 18M: Mb^inn and 
ilnUii in iha Mudiou Portmii Uallery.] R. R. 

WATTS, GILBEItT (A lflf>7), divine, 
a youupjr ton of Richiird Watts, fey his wife 
laabnl, daughter nf Arthur Atrock of St. 
Martin'sVintrv, London, widow nfhiitpounin, 
Tlioma. Heott (./. ir,Rr>) of Bamw Hall, 
Krc!e?tic!d, Yorkshirv?, wan (frandann of .Jfihn 
Watl.ri41l7:-'-ll401l of Miickleton. Shrojj- 
ghire, by biit wifi> Ann, diinghter of Uichnrd 
,Scott of liarnea Hall. \\'aTt8 na* thito of 
kin tn Thorno-i lioiherham [q.v.l, archbiabop 
of York and second founder of Lincoln Col- 
leg^e, whose arms he i]iiflrter<?d with bU own. 
11 1« elder brolhoi-, llichttrd, M.A., fellow of 
Trinity Colle(fe,L'ambndg;e, vicar iifObnitair- 
Con, Combrid^aliire, and chuplaiu lo Tfaomaa 
Weiitworth, ejirl of Stniifoni [q. v.l, bpcame 
the owner of Barnea Halt after tlip dealli, 
on 17 July 16^8, in Ireland, of his elder 
half-brother. Sir Rirhard Scott, comirtrollcr 
of the household to the »nnie earl, 

Gilbert, wn.8 bom at Rothcrham, York- 
aliire. lie studied for a few terms ai Cum- 
brid^\ and on Ms admissioit as batler or ser- 
vitor at Lincoln College, Oxford, in 1 1507, he 
waa permittM to reckon them towiirdit quali- 
Wng for a dcffrec (Ojford I'nii. Key. ii. i. 
S71). He graduated B. A.. m 2S Jan. UHO- 
1011, M.A. on 7 July 16H. was elpcted a 
fellow in 1621. and bi-canie B.D, on lOJuly 
1623. On 1 XoT. IfUiJ Wati,^ was or^iit«d 
D.I), daring the liing'a vi^it to Ojfonl,having 
boon presented on 11 Jiilv pn-vinns to the 
»6Ctoi7of\\lUingaleDoe,liaaex, Hiarectory 



3 




WIS ee()ue«tmted by thn Wostminstcr a>> 
snnbly in Auguat ltU7: but allhouffh the 
elerfc of the oomrailtt« for plunderea naiui- 
sters was ordered lo show cauve far the 
act, th« f^und of cotnplaini ngainat \\'\ 
does not ap|iear. 

lie returned to Oxford, diod at Kynt 
on Jt Sept. Ift67, and wa« buried in 
choneel of All Saints, By his will, dated 
5 tfept. (pruved G Not.) 1C&7, Watts led lo 
Lincoln ColK-ge ' aox many bookes as cost me 
threescore jiounda,' to be chuseo t.nd valut-d 
by ThomaK Itarlnw [q. v. |, then librarian of 
the BndUian. Waits was a itood pnadiet 
and an excellent Ungiiifit. Wood any 
hod 'so smooth a pen in I^tin or Enrlii 
tlmt no nan of his time exceeded him. 

Watts translated Bacon's * Pe Auf^eo 
Scientiarum,' and hia nndering called 
the Advancement and IVofieience of 1*1 
ing, of the Partitions of i^icnoes,' Oxfoidi 
ItUO, fol., was highly pr«isen! on itK appear- 
ance. HUiran-ilationof D'Avila'e' IlLstory 
of the Civil \^ars of Franc*' w«« revi-rpuli' 
lislicd : and he left otherwotks in mantiscripl, 
including 'A Catalogue of all the wnrits of 
Charles 1,' which is prvserred among the 
maiiiucripls at Corpua Cbristi College, 
ford. 

[Wood's AthouK Oxon. cd. Blita. tii. At, 
WoodVOoUegwand Hall*. <.d. Ontdi. p. Sift 
Foster's Athene. 15UI1-1 714, IT. l68-i;BorPft' 
Visitfttioii, p. fi08 : Ni'ireonrt'i Itspert. Eodi 
ii.688; Addit. MS. 15671, ff. 17^. I7< ; W 
I'.C.C. 472 Kuthen; Hunter's Ha!lam»hir«. 

6443; J. K. 8rotl'> >'u.mily of tJocrtt nS ScoU 
all, p. 167.] C. F. a 

WATTS, UKNRY(IS15-18ftl>,rliemi 
w&» bom in London on L'O Jan. ISIC. 
went to a privnli- school, and waa articled 
iheagroffifternBsanurchileciandBurveyi 
but, tiudioK himself unfuiti-d for tliisi 
fe««oi), supported himself by teaching, 
mathematical, prirately and at a *d 
He then went to University College, Ixindon. 
In 1^1 he graduated RA*. in the universit 
of London. In 1840 he became aMiatont 
Ot'opgo Fowucs [q. v.}. then ^ofewor 
practical ebemislry at University CoUf 
and occupied this post, after Fownea's At 
in 1B49, until 18S7, under I'rofeiwir Ali 
ander William Williamson. Owing \o 
inciinible impiidiment in «pM-vh he foui 
bim<)rlf unable to obtain a nmfeMonluj 
and, on this account, was ultimately iiK 
duced to devote himaelf entirely to the 
literature of chemistry. In 18^7 he wa* 
'dieted fellow of the Chemical Society. In 
1H'18 ho was engaged by the Cavendish 
Society to translate into English and «&■ 
largo Leopold Umelin's clusical ' Himdln) ' 






lie,' m work witicli occopted mucli 
IB time till 187a, when Urn la»t of 
tt «i^liteitn voltimM ftppwred. On 17 Due 
iM'-* lie was t-lectetl eailor of t!ie C'tiemicol 
irittlv'* ' Journal,' notl about tho bt'ffiiinliif; 
]{4'iO lie ali>o bwntuv libruriin lo tliv »>• 
ciety. Kftrly in 1871 it was ilw;i<l(^d to print 
ID tbu ivcitflvV journal abstracU at' all 
pkpen on c)iewi.-«l rv njipi-aria^ in full rW- 
wbere. Jn February 1>*7I a r, innnittw was 
{xiind'O L<j ii)im-riiitvml till' piib)i<:ntioii of 
i« journal aua tlutse ttummim^H, Imt th« 
licmo ' very sewn pKiTpd to be unworkable, 
il the rv?\-i«ioo of tin; abelniclK was Ipft 
tirely in tlie handii of ... , Walt^, with 
,. iDo«t satisfactory results.' Th<- abstract!) 
In [ be ' Journal * may hv rt'^nltd a« inodvlfl, 
and tbu succea.<t of thin ncbetni! munt b« at- 
iribiilt'd to WuttB. In li*o8 Kl" was '•ngajjed 
liy Mi'-»«w. LonKmni))! .^ (.V. to pn;|iart" a 
nswi-ditios of the 'Dictionary of (^lifimistn- 
and ^JineraloKy' of Andrew Vn> [a. t.j; 
but, finding tliia book too miicb oul oi datf , 
he tranafortD«d it, wiili the ht-Ip of a nume- 
rooa and distiniroi^licd MaB', into a rcul 
QDcycloptedia of clu-mtcal Koit;ins«. Tbo firet 
Milion of Watta's ' Dictiouarv of Cbi-niiMtry,' 
in tlv« TolumcD, was L-umplLt ud in 1*^68; 
8upp!rmenU were publii<bcd in 1^47:^, lf*7't, 
and 18"0-S1. A nnw edition, n-viited And en- 
tirely rwiRTitten by l'rofc««or M. M, I'littisoii 
Muir and Dr. 11. For«t«r Mnrb-v, wa» [kiIj- 
liahwl 18^8-04. 4 voU. Svo. Tlw diriinnary 
cuntainii Axcnll^nt tiiimmari«»« nf tbc fncla 
and ibcoriesnfRbemlntry, pn>.<4enlfd in an nn- 
■ ■■Mallyrcadableandnttnu-tiTeforin. In IWiO 
■\Vatts wa« fliARted K.R.S,. and in 1^70 ha 
'B» (•lected fellocr of thi; I'hvnicfti Sycii-tv. 
WalU died on :tO June tw4. II« tia.l 
larried in l-^&l Sop)iiL*,diitit;btvrorM. lltmri i 
nnnliart. of Mulhauacn in .Vlsaci^, by whom 
bad *r\ji\M mat and two dou^blcTi^. 
lWide^ tbft work^ in<-iili(>n(.-d nbovi?, ! 
sttf edited tbe tt>Dlb. ^Ifvt'nth, twdftb, ! 
and tbirtii-nlliodilionH of Fownt's's ' Manual 
DfCliemiatry.' Hewajtan honorary turmb^r 
of tb.i Pharmaceutical Society and lifu- ' 
governor of University Colleffe, London. i 
[ObitwiriosiaNatnrt'. 18HI. xix.217, Chftm. | 
8or, Jonni. 1886. slrii. 343. indudtnt; a brinf 
Haioliiogr«phy ; Jobilise of the ClK-'mioal Socioiy, 

I89t.i>p. 210. ava passifli.] r. j. ii. 

■WATTS, HlTQtr (lofi2S16«>, bcll- 
fouutlcr, tht^ aeconi turn of Krancis Watts, 
be)l*fi>unditrof LeicnHier((i. l6lN>},aiid aom^- 
tioU) partner with th» Nowcomkn, wa« bom 
aliotiT lhi^2. niapTandditliPr mny httvi- been 
tliu IN-or Wnt who in Uttiti cast a \tvl\ for 
South I.ulf<?nhain, Rutland. 

In ltW;>. the year of litfi faibL-r's di-alh, 
I'otU cutL for Erin;rton in Lfiicettt-rsbirv 





a hell bMrinft his own name and the ohiold 
with the device oftbroe bell« used by Fran* 
ci* Watt.t. Tht* «mi' dcvio- wad borne by 
Northaniptonshin? and Bed ford »liirv belli 
made bv a William Watts, and in 14,'iOby 
iiiclianl Bm>»er of Norwich, to wboui the 
ori/final bell-fonnder Watta may hare b«vn 
BpprenliM'd. 

In Hi\ I Wal.ta woa admiltt^d to tb« chap- 
umn's or murrbont^fruUtl: in ltt:!0-l hewoji 
•'bvtrd cbanib'Tluin of the b<)niuf(h, nod in 
H^13-l mayor of Leicester (' Poyr'd to Mr. 
iliijth Watts mnior for bis yearly allowance 
aoeordinf^ to the ancient order, 3/. 6*. Hd.') 
A slalely reception of Charity I and hii« 
cjuecn on their jtrogreaA in Auf^si 16^ 
utarked the year of Watti's mayoralty. 

There remain in the nounty of I,i*ire*ter 
maiiy eiamplos of Watis'a fitmouB work, 
incliiiling M-teral couiplrfi* riuE*, admirvd 
for I. be Imauly of their tone. The jwiil of 
ten bciln for Si. MurjiarKt'd, I,<>i(^'9tor, wub 
.■wiidnibmhelineJit inEncland. 1 1 i.<« favourite 
inttcriplion : * J. H.S. : Nnxan)us:rex:ludBO- 
ruin: Fili: Keir raisfrere: tn#i:' caused 
his bells to be called Watts'a Naftarenei. 
He workiM) the bel Ufoundr>' of Leieeater 
until hi» death, at the ng« nf Blxiy, in 
Kebmarv or March lt)42-S. and was buri^ 
in Ht. ^fary'i* Church, Ltiicvatcr. 

Kborlly afi«r ihi> tieath of Watta tli6 
buiinew was wound up and iwrlly tsktm 
over by NuItink'bamfoundcTit. SVatteairoti, 
al*i tiaiwd Hugh lIGll-ltw'iO), to wbnm 
ihe bell-melHl and bell-foundin); appli- 
nnreji wen- bmin-atlnfil, miirried a dau^litpr 
(ifSirThoma-i Burton of Stockerston. 

[for a foil nc^oant of tbc Newfiombc and 
Wiitra f>tmiti(>s aad thsir b«llit see North's Churel; 
Italia of l.vioMtanliire (LricMlur, 1876, *ttt).\ 

:.. H. SI. 

WATTS, ISAAC (1074-1-481. hymn- 
writor, wa» born at Houl liampliin on 1 7 Julj 
I't'l. Hie grandfather, Thumas VX'atts, «~] 
coniuiniider of a man-of-war under BIflke in 
I6rttt,died in the prinio of life throuffh no 
e][plosii>non board Ilia 'El i[>. Hisfatber.Isaao, 
occupied n lowi'rpni^iiion, beln^ dc^ribed as 
' u clothier' of 21 French Street, ^outhauinlo 
(1710). An deacon nf tbi- independen 
inoi'liufir.lie wfl-^ impriiMTivd for hiii ruli^noua' 
ouiniout in the ffaof of Soutlmitiptou at the 
time of I be birth of hla sun Isnac and in t he 
following year (107o). In IflS.'> nlwoli,? wn* 
fnr the aa'me cauac oblignd to biclo in I^n- 
doo for twoyear*. In biter years he kcpr 
a flonrifthiug honrdinjf-school nt Southamii- 
ton. lie had a liking for the comno.^ition 
ofaacrod VOrSiM. Dneor two of hianieceii 
aiipuar iu the poathumous worka of his ft{Hi 
(]77d},aud several others in that volume are 

k2 



k 



Bmditedto liinbyOibbons in his biuitmpby. 
H« died in February l73ft-7, ttgv^ Hii. Hin 
wife WHS dauffht'jr of an Alderman Tsunlon 
at Scut tiamplon, and lud II u^enot blood in 
her Tcine. 

JuL&c Wiitu ws* tlie widest of nine cliil- 
drt!n,of wboruKii^hard iived to be a phyiieian, 
Dnucb was Itrud to t-lie tea, aud HiumU mitr- 
ricd a di«p«r iutni\l limcksloiio at Soiith- 
anjitou. WtttU ruceivfld an t-xTOlk-m fiii- 
Catinn Mt tht'gmtnmnr wrbnot rmiii .loliii I'iii- 
home, rector of All Sdinta, Soiithampinn, 
ptvbeiiiliiry of Ijt-ckfnnl, »nd view of I'.liiiKr 
Iliinipitliirvr: n Tindrtric ode to Pinliome,b^ 
Watts, de«cribt?a the widerao^of hUclMCi- 
cal tcactLLD^. lli« facility in Rngliah trtsp 
showed iwelf very early. 'I'lie promise of his 
genius indui'ml |)r. Jotin 8p<<4a, a vhyMCian 
of tho lowti. to olfor to providi; for Watta at 
the uiiiv*'n'iLy ; hut, a» Iip piref«rrMl ' to take 
hiB Inr atnonR ihu dissfnlan^," he wuji M-nt 
(1C90) to an nradt-ray at Hniki* NVwihh;- 
Jjjn, imdfir the presidency of Thomoa Rowt' 

fq.v.\ pastor of tli« independent rai""ting in 
hrdleni' Hall. The teaching in claaaics, 
logic, Hfhrew, and divinity whs *xcn!l'-nl, 
as the nalohookft of Watt* Bhnw j and h* 
owwl lu i!i« academy hia after habiw oC Inbo- 
rimis analyaia and accuracy of thought. 
Atnoci^hisc-QntempDrarluA wore John Hughes 
(IR"r-17:») [<). v.], one of the cuiiitnbutnra 
to thu ' Spftciator : .Samuel Say [q. v.], who 
8UCceedL«I Calamy iKpa«l'>r in We»1inin«t«r; 
Danii'i Ni-n! ; and .Insiah llort [t\. v.] (after- 
wards bishnj] of Kilmure aud Ardajih, and 
■ichbiahop ofTnamV Watts ■wasadmicied 
to communion in Uowb'h church in Dcctiinhor 
1893. After leaving thi- arnd.my (ItMllJ, 
Iifi Bpont two Ti.'ttri4 and a half at home, iiud 
commenced tue compoiiition of hin hytnn». 
The firat of the*.?, ' Brhold ttm glorins of the 
LamV was pnKlucwl aa nn improvement on 
the hymm «f William Burton \(\. v.l. and 
otherBlhensung in tliu .SnutliMuptoncliapcl, 
Several othi-r pieces followed : they wer« 
circiilaled in manuscript, uud niven out line 
by line when sung". In October 169li ho 
became tutor to thtt son of Sir John Harlopp, 
bart., at -Stoke Newineltin, and held the poat 
fit* yeara, devoting all his leisure to Hehretw 
and divinity. He preached his first »Hnn«n 
on 17 Jul/ Iti'JS, and in the following year 
was clio6en assisrant putor to Isaac Chauacy 
[q. v.] in the rha]iet at Mark Lam-, fin 
IH March 1702 he auccet'dcd to tbe pastorate. 
The congrt-ffutiiin wan n distin|TULSDed one: 
Joseph (!aryl [q-v.] and John Owon (IfilO- 
ltJ83) [<)■■*■] had formerly minintert'd to it; 
it numWrnii ami^ng its members Mrs. Ben- 
disbt Cmmwell's grandilaiifrhfet ; Cliiirlt?« 
Fleetwood, Charlci Deaboroiigh, brother-in- 



law of Cminwell ; aa wtdl a« the Hartn 
nnd 8ir ThonuM and Lady Abn«y. Tt 
moval Rumeaflively ti\ I'innt'w' Hall (1*01) 
and Bury Sirwt, St. .Mary Axe <I70»*). 
Watt*, liowerpr, aooa pro\-ed unequal to i 
ainffle auperriiiiou, The iult^iuw study 
which he had devnted himself had undi 
minml Ilia eonttituiiou and ntadu him eubj 
to fnwiient attiLfka of tlhieaa. Aa early 
L7CM bamuul IMoe begoii to asnst him, an 
wa.t afterwardii fhomrn ('■>-piLNlur {171>i). 
viait to Sir Tlioma^ and I<ady Ahney at 
TheobnhU in 1712 led to a propowl fro 
rbem thnt Watt* dhoiild fftside prminn^ntl 
in their house; and the remainder of hivdavi 
was spont tmder their roof, either at Th 
baldaorat Stoke Newingtoti, to which Lad 
Abney removed (17Uo) afWr the death 
SirThomaa Abncv (1722). The kindness of 
the Abneya gave ^lim n nhetti^rKil hihI 1u«u- 
rimis homo. He drove jn from The«bal" 
for hiHSmidny mini>>lrat ions when his heal 
permittee]. In the tine lionae at Stoke Ne 
iiiglon, which sIoikI in what is now Abney 
I'ark Cf m«<ter^', aoniiT tij^ures on the panelling 

fainted bv Watts, were formerly sho 
[in nt tack^ of illneu increaaed as vcars w-eo< 
he only reluctaully consttntixl lu rvtai 



Idfr^ 




his poatomtt.-, and had aeruplatt aa to laki 
any calnry ; bul the congn^gation refiued 
break this conni-elioij with onitao famous 
bclovei] OS Walts became. 

Watts waa unu of the mom popular writcra 
of the day. [lia i-ducuriimal maniiali— the 
'Catechiams' (1730) and the '.ScripUireHia- 
lory' (17.12)— wer* still standard wurks in 
the middle of tlua century. Hi.^ philoao- 

Itbicftl book«, ««pecially the 'Logic' (I7J5>, 
lad a long circulation: ^ alfto had hta 
.'World to t'-ome' tl~^S] and other worka 
' of rkipuhir divinity. The beat of bis worlts 
is 'The liDpn:ivemea( of the Mind' (17411. 
which Jobnfinn culotriaes. In two fii'-lda his 
literary work iiuuda longer nolico. His 
' Uorie Lyricn?' (17{>ffl gnvn him hi? niche 
iu Johruon'a ' Lives of the PoeU.' It was 
a fdvoiiritit iHwik of mligioua poirtry, and ■> 
fiiiL'b was nclrailted into a aetics of * Sacred 
Clajmicjt' (IS.'U), with a memoir of Watte 
from Soiitlicy's pen. But hi* poetical fame 
reetB on bis hymns. At the begUtning of ibe 
t^ightoenth century the stern embargo which 
Culvin had laid on tbc ii.->e in tbu music of 
sacred worship of even-thinR except melrica] 
pHalmtf Bud cunlicleH had been hroaen bytlM 
obscure hrniii" of Mii'ton, Kciach, Barton, 
and ntbaraj and hj-mns were freely iL-jed in 
(he baptist and independent congregatiooB- 
The pfwtry of Watts took the religious worlJ 
of dissent by storm. I( gave an utt«moc«. 
till then unheard in England.lotbespirit 




Watts 



69 ^^ Watts 



«iDOti(iD«, in their contemp1atit>ii o( Qod'i 
glory in naliip! mmI his rav«latioii in Chrut. 
aad nudR h^riiin-fliiiging a fpn*id dovotioDU 
force. Tba siicceu of \\'8tt(i's hyiun« «p- 
fVOacbiMl tliAt of thfl n«w version of the 
PsbIids. £diti(tu followed udition. Id the 
Mrlr jotn of thia centurv the annua.! output 
of WBtts'e bj'iuuj, uotwillutftnding all the 
wraith of hvDlR production ariniiig oul of 
metbodism, wu sull fifty thousanu cnpiiis. 
Tbe two Rtuiilt! voliiinai, Hubooquftitly often 
bound loffetoer, were the ' HTinn.i' (ITl>7; 
Sod sdit. J70O) and the ' I'saloia of l>ftTid' 
(17lft). There are also hymnn «ppenili;d to 
vome of his 'Sermons' (17i'l) and in tl)« 
* Horw l.yric-lc.' The • P»alni8 of IMvtd ' ia 
DotamctricBlp«AltiTof the oriiiiuryputlpra. 
It U-ATM out all the imptvcatorj purtiorui, 
Mraphnwa fn-L-ly, infuM:s into the text the 
Heosianic fultiliuuut nod ihw t:Tuii((<-liiuil in- 
tcipretiiioos, and adjusts the whole (some- 
t i in nt ill |irTX)4««qu«l5 baid iastv, ss iu t be sub- 
stitution of * nrilain " for ' lanu^l ') to tho de- 
votional Htondpoinl of bis time. The total 
number of pieces in the various books must 
bu about eix hundred, about twuWe of wbiclj 
are atil) iti vatt general nae ('Jesuit shall 
rei^wberti'er tie Buu,' Psalm Ixxii.; * Whun 
I survey the wondrous CrOMi'T'ome.let u» 
join our cLuorful Mmgsj'and ' Our God, our 
Delp in ag«s poet.' arn in every ljymu>ljaok). 
Tho characteristics of his hymnn arw tftudrr 
faith, joyousnese, and servne piety. Uis 
range of subjects is ve-ry larse, btit many of 
thetn have been better hanalcd Rince. Jlt> 
had to contend with ditlicultii^e which lie biM 
ItifflBolf pointetl nut: tho dearth of tunns 
which restricted him lo the metr^ of (be 
old Tersion, the i^orancc of thc^ conpi-pi- 
tiooa. and the habtt of giving out tlic vertt'i 
om Of one, or eren line by line; and be 
had the faults of the poetic diction of tlio 
a^. The result is «. at vie which is some- 
uniM rhetorical, oometime^ tuii^di some- 
times tantf^; but liiii lx-»t pieces are ainnnff 
tbe lini-st hymns iu English. Of soother 
department of hymnologv, Wsttx was also 
tbe founder. The * Divini- Songs ' (ITl-'i), th« 
fint ohildrfn's hymn-boolc, afterwards en- 
larged and rcnaniL-d ' lliviiic and Monil 
Songv/rsD tbrousb a hundred edit ioiiH befort^ 
thft middle of this centun* (cf. Xotea and 
Qwriet, 3rd mr. is. 493, x.'iW. -2^}. 

Tho Arian coutrnveray of hi* lime left, its 
mark on Watr& His liymnH contain an en- 
tiro book of doxolngieii modrlii'd cm thf 
Gloria Pniri. But at the conferenrti about 
the mininti-rx «I Kxetvrhi-ld ut Halters' Hall 
(1719) be voted with the minority, who re- 
fused to imjwse acceptance of the doctrine 
of the Trinity on the independent ministers 



He did not believe it Deeeaaarytn salvation; 
the creed of r-oi>staatiiM>p1e ^ad l)«come to 
him only a human eiplication of tho mysU-rv 
of thu divine Godhead; and he bad bmiself 
adopted another explication, which lie hopnl 
might heul the breach between Arinuism and 
tht.- fnitb of tb') church. lie broached this 
theory in 'The CliruftiBn Doctrine ui Uw 
Trinitv' (172:i), and supported it in ' IMa- 
•ertatiuiut ntlaliuir lo the Christian I>octnne 



of the Trinity 'A'"-'*-^')- 
the subject in ' Th 



H.- r^tiimM to 
he fitory of Chri-^t an (lod- 
.Mnin rnveiled ' { 1746), nud ■ Useful and Im- 
ponant- Qnesriotis concemiiift ivwt, thu Son 
of Clwd'(ir4«). Iliii theory, held alao by 
Henry More, llobi-rt I'Tumiii^, sud iluruet 
iDoK-SHK, The PiTwn •>/ Ckrirt, div. ii. 
ii. ^:^t), Iransl. Clark), wa.<t that tbe buuiu) 
soul of Christ had been cn>alod anterior 
to the cnwiiuii of the wotIiI, and untied to 
the divine principle in the Godbi^ad known aa 
Ibe Sophia or l^iipns (only u short step from 
Arinnifun, and with some affinity to hab*"!- 
lisnism): and that the [leraonality of the 
Holy <ihiwt WAS Bpiirativi- rut iier than proper 
or lUeml. None of the exioiit writing of 
Watis iidraTifes further than this: but a 
very pathetic picci', entitled ' A Solemn 
AddrcMA lv> the Ureal and Kver Illessed 
Uod ' (pubUf<hed in n pampliUt called 'A 
Kaillilul lni.]uiry after the AnciuoL and 
OriRinat Doctrine of the IVioity ' in 1745, 
but suppri'iHL'd by Wati." at thai time, and 
n-publi^hiHl in IHO^), »liow» hnw dm-iily his 
mind was p>rpEc!sed and Imiibled. lie lays 
out iitl the ptT|>lcxily befnre riod. slating 
his b«lief in ihu vory words of Hcripturo 
(renerally, with the plea ' Forbid it, -ih . my 
<iod, that I should ever be so unhappy lU to 
imgl'irify my Father, my Huviour, or my 
Sanctitier. , , , Help mo ... for 1 am<iuit« 
tired and weary 01 tbew liuinun expiiiia- 
ings, so various and uncerlnin.' Lnrdner 
athrm<jd that in bis lu&t years (uut luortt 
lluui two 3*eiirH nt ukmI, in fiiiling health) 
Watts passed to the unitarinn position, and 
iRTot* in dt-f^-nce of it ; the iKipt^rs w*«rp, as 
I.nrOnor owned, unlit, for pnbliratlnn, and 1 
such were destroyed by Uoddndffe nnd Jen* 
ninjfs, fho liternry tnistoes, Utnlner 
clored also that the la^l belitif of Watta 
' conndetely uiutaciau ' (BklaiiaM, Afrmaira' 
(if ThtophUtta Lmiite^, pp. 101 4). The 
testimony, bowvi-r, nrchiiw? who wi-re most, 
intimate with Watia to bis laft hours ia en- 
tin.-lv Hilt'nt an 10 nnr ^itcli i.'*nan|^-; and hi| 
depend.'nre at death nu the nront'ment^ 
( which is incompatible with ' complete wnU • 
lArianirim'li:teniplialica1lvattested(MlL!rKB, 

The Calvinism of Watts was of tbo mildor 



Watts 



7» 



Watts 



type whicli shrinks rroin tli» doctrins of r^ 
probfttion. He Md libi-rttl viiyw* on wliira- 
tion. Kip toI*ranc» ami loieof comprchen- 
flion d«^iicrat«cl at timen intn wrakni-.*.* ; 
u ill liis proDMftl 10 UTiitv tliu iiH^vitendi-iiti 
And liaptLHis by anrrendt-ring th« tloctrine of 
iiifaiil bupttem, if tbu biiixifits would ^'ivu 
up iinmi-rsioti, Iliti li^nrnin^ uml pii-tT *'- 
tncivd u lor^ circle, itirludlng Doddndgi.', 
Ijtdy UtTtfnnl (nDi^m'iinls Iliirlii'ow "f So- 
merset), the lirat I^rd Hftrrinpinn, Bishop 
(libson, Archbisliciji Ilort, bdi) Archbislioji 
SMker, Tin) iini^'orsity of Edinburgh pnvc 
him an honorary L).U. dogrvt! (172«). llu 
died on 2^ Nov. I74><, and va% buripd al 
Hunbill Fii'ldo. A iiiotiiiincnt Iiiit^ biM>n 
erected to him in Westtniimtt-r Abljey; a 
HUttiu ill Xhe park culled nfl^n by Lis nnmu 
at SoiitliHnipliJii (1801 J; and iin'irher munu- 
mert in iht- AbTiny I'lirk cem.^ter^-, nncP thn 
(fn>iiii<Jjiiif l.ndj- Abm-yVhouw (1816). His 
porlrait, minted by Kneller, ntid anotln-r 
drawn and erprnved from the life in tneuo- 
tint by Ocnrgt! Whiti", nre in the Xationnl 
Portrait Gallerj, Loudon. An (inonyaious 

rarl.rait and a l)ii5t are in Dr. Willianit's Li- 
rary. Thurn is n port rail of him in wig and 
govrn ond baud^ a.a a voting man in llit* 
Abovuliar chikpi'l, SoiithnmiJlon, Thtisp an* 
engraved in tin- ' Life " tiy I'njtton Mood (rf. 
Bbomtj!)-, Cat. of&iffrtAfd Porfri-n'tii}. 

Bi'sidfH tlioeo of Watte's piibliciLtioim 
nirondv mpiiliiiiii'd, the fullnwin); nr* tbi" 
ehicl': I. 'Thi3 Knoivlt'iice of lhr> Heavwt* 
and Kartb," \7'2t}. 2, ' K«)mits townrda tli" 
EncQwrup-mtini of Charily Sfhool* nmong 
ibi^ ni«»pri(»r^,' iri?(*. H. * Phil'iinphirnl 
I'>afiyft,' 173-1. 1. ' TIpltimiT Jiivpniie".* 
1T34. 6. ' Works,' p(!it«d liy Ji.-iniinf(i( und 
DoddridjTc, 1763. 8. ' I'oftthiinnoua Wnrlie' 
(compiled from pii[K'r)t in ])u»«L'»«iun wf liix 
immedLntefliiPceBsor), 177J). 7. • A Fnitlifnl 
Entjuirv uitvr xlic Anuiont and ( 'ri^insl l)<ir- 
triii^ nf the Trinitv,' cd. (liibricl Wntu. I fOJ. 
A ndloCtive edilion of Watls'a ' WorkV 
im edited by ■''■""inK" and Doddridgt', with 
wldilione and a mi'mnir by OeoreT' Burder, 
apppnred in nix folio volume* in I^IO. 

[WrttLs'sWiirkaiMcmnirslyThoTn/wrrilbon* 
D.».. 1780; MilnorftLiff, 183J; Pulton tlomf. 
Lif^. 1875 (R«ligii)P» TmctSoc.l ; Juliivospitr, 
of Uymnulory, nr(«. ' WrIIs," ■ Pmltcrs Kngli&h,' 
unii ' Kiirly l.rigHfh Ujmitolofcjf,'] H. L, B. 

WATTS, Mr^. JA\E (I7!lft-lft2rt), nn- 

Or. [.S*-iS ii[|<itir WaI DH;,CllAULOTrE .VSN,^ 

WATTS. SiK JOHN ill. mini.iDfrtfbfint 
and ahipnn'nur, the son of Thomas Wnitsof 
Buntin^ord, TlrrtfoTtbthirr, was owner of 
th« MarfJTBret and John, one of tins itbips set 
forth and paid by the city of London in 



I 



1A88 H|i^inst the Spanish armadK. Wm 

himself served in li« •.*« volunteer, and tri 

in the hottest of the %btinji. In 1590 t 

snmi'fhipwnA one of a fleet of im^rehant* 

mpn coming hoine from the Mi<diturrsnean 

which foiiphl and beat off tbi? S[nni>b galleyi 

n^arOadiz. ll does not appear that Watta 

was then in ker; but thmiiftliuul tbe war 

' ha swma to have taken an active part in tbe 

I wjuiprai-nt of privatifnt. M*>ntion is madeof 

! one which in .Inly IflOl took into Ph-moutb 

' > priiw fomtni; from the Indie* ladeo with 

: fhina niilis, ^atinli. nnd talfctas. At this 

j time he waa an etderman of London (Tower 

wAnI), And had been sn^ected of beinj; a 

I supporter of Essex, lie waa one of tha 

'■ founders of the Kast India Coin[iJiny, aai 

' on 11 April ItXIl wn« vlecied iforemo'rof 

diiriii);iheimitri*onm«n,tofSirTliomae3iDi 

ori?mytbi>(lo'>8K It'.55)[n,v.] Oniheaccei 

I iiiun nf .lHin>;<ii 1 hi- mn Icnighted '2Q July 

' H)03{MEn'At.ra, I{<;tik f/ Kn{ffAt*).nndvtM 

lonl mayor in 1606-7 (Uhbiiwe, CV(c 

• and thnr Iluler*, p. 232), at which time 

was described in a letter (30 April 1807^ 

N.S.) ro ill." king of Spain on ' tin- Kiwit 

pirate that bad i-n-r bfL'n in this kin;^om 

(Browrt, OennUo/Ihe I'mtedStatrj-,-^. 99). 

l)uringthafollowiii]f years he was an actiTe 

membtr of tbe \ irjriuin Cmrpany- In the 

rity of London Waits wa.>i a member of 

' (.'loThworkt'fa' Conipany. 

I Walts died ot his sicat in HiTtfitrdshire 

ScpTemler lOlfl, and was burieil on the 7' 

of that month al Wiirv. By his wife 

' ^n-t, duufihler of Sir Jaini*» llawes, 

! (lonl mnvor in l-'i74), he left four tons 

fourdatiglitp-ra. The eldest son. John, 

in the Cadir expedilino and was knii^ied 

hiH good s'Tvicein \fi'2b: be subs<-r[uen 

served under KDekiu^lnui in the lih^ t- 

ditlon, and under Count Mnusfi-ldt in t 

I'alatiimtf!; bo marriud Mary, daughter nf 

Thomas Haynin(r. ami aunt of Paul, fin" 

vtBcomil liuynint;. and left numerous issai 

His ehlest -ton ifrrnndiinnof the lord mayor 

, who nlio becaiut) Sir John WaitJ", ae; 

nil Bpprentieedlu]) in arms under bis fatb 

He was kni^'iti'd in litt->. nnd rrct^ived B' 

iNiinini«<.ion to ruiee a traop of arni" for tllff 

kinjr. Uavlnjr been fXpdlwl fmm the bo- 

veniorBhip of ("hirk Cftstle, he attached him- 

«elf to the fcirluiies of Lord Caiwl, and was 

one of thi) defL-mlent of Colchester Caatle 

(August 1(148). He compounded for del in- 

tliu-ney by pHvifVf? themotleraie fine of lUO/. 

und wa« dtHehnr^d on )1 May IfttO; fao' 

ever, he was forced to sell io [Sir! J< 

Huek hi* mnnur of Mardocks in Wi 

After the KeMorntion he waa made recei 

fur Kwex and Ilerifordehire. lie died ahcnt 






*?^ 



1660, and vrta buried in the church oT llcrC- 

in^ifbrdbury. 

[Cal. SlA>.e Paprnt, KoU IndiM And Dom.: 
Defval of tb» Sp«iii»h AnnatJii (N«T]r RcconU 
Sm.}; ChauDcey'fi iliit. AaLiquitim vf U«rt- 
Iflnlfiliirp. )700. fol.: Hnrl. Mi^. In46, f. lOJt 
(Wi(tta'Bp«digrM); Clnttnrbuck'tilTcrlfcnlaliirc, 
iii. 30$ i CiuuBa'« Ilcnrordabin (Hunrlnd uf 
Hditford), P> IIV: Notes wtd QncrioB, Srd Mr. 
riii. 310; CWL uf Coitimitl** for Compomulln^ 
p. 1SS6 ; iiifonDoiiuD from Mr. F. Oirea FUhvr.l 

J. K. L. 

WATTS, JliHX (1618-1S87), ediica- 
lionol and kocIiU rorurinvr, von of JamcH 
WBttH, ribton Wfavpr, wa* born at tJoven- 
try. Warwicltfthipp, nn J4 March ISlS. At 
fivv yvwa of ug* hv wuffvnul [lurtini pnrnlyK'" 
of his left side, and vim unnbli^ on tJtat 
■ccount to foUow a manitul <>inptoynii.'nl. 
After learioff thv onlmkry ^.IfRii^nrArr 
cckool, be became a member of tb« local 
mochauica' institutiun, whi-rv from tin? age 
of (birl'.'Cu to tn-i-ii[y Ito ucteil oa assUlant 
•ecreUrv an<) libmrian, ondit woa tb«rethiir 
mncbof^bissvlf-cdiicatirin WIL8 accomplMbod. 
Aftrtr tbat hit vrrnl into tradK, l>ut, baring 
adopted communifitic principles, Eoon be- 
cam« a lecturer in fiinfRTancci of Itolwrl 
Owen'a viewa, and Tiaiti-i] mnny towns, 
nwaan'faile readiutr liard, and in Si'olUnd 
•UondinK IccTunii at tti>- Andfi>ODion l'ni> 
T«r«iiT. Finally in July 1841 ha took op 
hia wiidence in .M »nofie*teP, where fortbree 
TMn bo conducted a boya' school in tbt> 
Ilall of ^^ci«no•?, and held many public di«- 
euaaiona in tbo diatrict on Owon*s system of 
McWly. lu 1B44 he bad cvinu to th? con* 
cttmton that Own'!* idi-ul cnmmunity was 
impracticable and many of its adbeivnts 
»eir-)HM;1(tiig, and lip w>-nt. inli') tiiiitini'M 
a^ain; but puhlir life litill claimnd a Uif^e 
amount of tiin attention. At tliix timo 
(18 July 18-(4) b<! obtDinod from ibfi iini- 
Tereity of Giee^en the degrweof l'li.i>. In 
ItH-'i ho took part in a movom«nt which 
Iwl to tli« esiMbli«[iiuf[ii of three publir 

rarka in Mancht'sinr and Salford, and in 
B47 joinud, and afturwardii lH.>camu llit' 
leadinir advocntt> of, Iht^ Lanca^liiri^ t fubfitv 
qucntly cjillcd the National) Public Schdol 
Asaociation, for the jipivinion of fm; 
tuvnlar, and nl^'-Aiipport'.'d schooK of which 
OT^aniastion Samuel Lucas (l^ll-1<^>i*i| 
^g. v.' was chairman. lie also joined rhe 
ciely forpromoting thertipenlof the'laxe" 
I knowledjte,' and mat«-rtally assiMt.-d tbo 
pfTorte 10 that end in parliomrnt of Milni'r 
Gibwon, Cobden, and Avrtoii, fnimtntt many 
of tliB puuling^ quDstioDt, and coUoelin^ 
mo«t of Iho »p*(;im«in cm»« which oo noii- 
plaued the chancellor of the exchequer. In 




IS^luiiaduocdiJir John Fotter, theo mayor 
of Mancheiiler, to form a committee for 
tile eatabliahmeut of a free library under 
thu pnn'iftionji of KwBrl'9 acl., which wa* 
then pajwing tbnnigh ]Mtrliam(;Qt, the norel 
feature in his Miif-^atjoit bt'injclbal it Hhould 
bu H free l«nditi!( library*. Walta acted aji 
one of the Becrvtaries of the committee, 
whose labours ended in Ilie openinff of tha 
ManichetU*r Uw library, a iium of nearly 
ia,O00/. having been raised by public luh- 
scriptioa. In 1^>3 ho was a promoter of 
iho People'* iVtvideut Auurancw Society, 
and went lo London, tTturning in 1^7 to be 
local raanagiT in MaiK'hi-itlrr. ThiH com- 
pany was atterwards known m tlm ' Euro- 
pean,' and, by nuiueroiisiimnlgaiiiiilii.ns with 
unbound compnnii'fl and diipartiniz from the 
linea orifiinaUy laid down, it came to n disar- 
tmuaend. Diu-inpun illn^M l)n>U);l)i about 
bv this (ailuru ho reeolved to protii. by bis 
bitter experience, and\«TOto the firsi. draft of 
a hill which wax iucroduciHl into purliament 
and bt^ame the Life Assurance Act of l87U, 
whicli amont; other pri'diiitiunary niuiixures 
fnTbadd till' tnin>l''T or ninul^iualiuu of in- 
aurance minpanieH without judicial autbu- 
rity. Tho KdiiCBtion Aid SociHy of Mna- 
chtJtler n'ctiived gKat ofiaiAlance from bim, 
aa did also the educational seclii.m of the 
aocial sdi-nc4 con^cas of I8>6tt. Aa a rv- 
suit of thnt conference a specnl committee 
was appointed, on whose behalf h« prepared 
tho draft of llcnn,- Austin Brucc'a education 
bill of IHCSf^. 11^ wiut on active nii'mber of 
Ihc. Manchester school board fiiom its wmsti- 
bution in 1870 lo his di>alh. and i^L-crvtury 
to rhi- (Iwt'ri* rolli-^? exteuMon committee, 
which raised nbmil a quarter of a milliuu 
Kterlinp; for tin.' v!n<t'lii>n and iiinipmi-iit of a 
ntvr collepiati' building, and for th(> further 
endowment of I ho collepf, I If wan inlimatety 
BsflociflCed with the co-opiTative movement, 
and for a time was a principal contributor 
lo tho 'Co-opcratirti Now:-.' Hi^ waa also 
I'lminnpiii of (In.* council* ol' thi- Inlon of 
l.iiLi iiHliirtiand I 'hoshire Institutes, the Man- 
L'lit-iyt Twchiiicul Sclmol, the Ifoyal llotaiii- 
ail imd I lort iculiiinvl Suciety of MancliMtcr, 
and the local provident difipposaricii (which 
Wflro founded on bin »ii(f (jfnt ion and largely 
by his aid), secretary of llie Mancheeler lie- 
form Club, a Roveraor of the Maocliaater 
grammar school, and president of the Man- 
chiwTer StatUtieal Sociply, besides heintr on 
the committees of other public institutions. 
I)nrint{ tliu cotton famine occaiiiont^d by the 
American war, he *Nt as a member of the 
famous rcntrnl relief rommittoe, wfauw 
opcratinns he n-cordi'd in a volume entitled 
'The Fads of the Cotton Famine,' puk 



I 



limbed in IBSB. In ulditioa to ttiU rolumo 
)}••■ [iiihliebr'd 'The Catechiiim of Wb^ub and 
Cumlal,' IS'Jr, Slid a Imvc nitmloT of pam- 
phlors, diicfly on cconoiniceubjecle, oa trude- 
aitiuiti, MrikM, co-operation, and i^itCAtion. 
He -was a contributor lo several nf t!ie 
Imdiog [tori odi till*, and h most pflffrcttvp 
nitwiipsrHT correspondent, oapocially on edu- 
cational and tfconomic tubjecc*. Jli* iu- 
flimnri! wilh thi> workiriff clftflscs wm alwayi 
verj' groat, and his cuiiciUulory udvico wa» 
often Tound In br of llio atmoftt value 
in tndcctispatea. 

He died at Old Trafford, MnTicIwMfr, on 
T I'Vb. 18S7, nnd wn« huriMl in thn pariid) 
cburcli of lti>«don, Oheshire. He marriud 
Catherine Shaw in (>rt/>bfr ]|i<4J, nnd Ifft 
four cbihlrL-ii, Iliree hsvtog' diod in liia life- 
time. liiB oldest Hon in Mr. W. II. S. 
Watts, district rci;i»lrar in .Mui]clit.-xler nf 
th« lii|;h cotirl i^f Jtiatiix-. Ilii) daughter, 
Caroline Kmma, murriud Dr. T. K. ThorjKS 
F.U.S., chief iffjvvrnmrnt. nniilvKt. 

In 1**M n mftrWft bii&t. of \\'att*, eseputed 
by -I. W. Swinnurton, was «^lb»(:^ih^^d for and 
placed in Che MniH-hi'stfr H^'fomi Oluh. lit* 
liad previously, in lyft", Wen the recipiL-iit 
of y,(iOU/,, raiM?(l by subscriplion, a^ n mark 
of tlie e^liK'm in whieli he was bvld, 

[Bec-IIivo, U Amt- 1875. wild portrait; 
MiktioliPdlfr rmtiritiiLn. fl Vnh. 1837 ; Thfunpsoirs 
tlironii Collotti' ; itif'irmnliiiri IriMii W. fl, S, 
Wmi*. (!»"|. ; piTioiml knytrledg-.] C W, ,S. 

WATTS, IlK'H ART) (I.WJUSra), foun- 
der of Watta's cliiirity at llocberter, waj( 
bom at "West Pt-ckham, K*nt, iiVnit Io29, 
and inigralvd lo liocliester in ornenr 1'>'i:!. 
He aeema lo bare bepn a l^ont^aoto^ to the 
({Ovcruinuiit , and paymuiits for victtmllinK 
tlii^ flwi-t luuiunnv wi>re made to him in 1551) 
and l."51 (CaJ. State Paptrt, Uoni. I-'47-80, 
]». 204; \Vntt« acted aa d^jmly fur Sir IM- 
wanl Rait<ihe, victualler to iht? navy iti loj-l 
and 15.HI), while in l6tV) ]«• nw H|ip(>inti.nl 
by Quurn Klixabitlh lo b« pnyma.-*tor and 
siirveyor of ihe works at L'pnor Castle and, 
two years later, 'sim-t-yor of tho ordnnnft^' 
at L'pri'ir. Ml- was also ireoiurfr of the 
revenuttS of l£<icli«*ler Uridine, llo sat in 
Elizabeth's iteconil parliamont (lIi(}-'!-7), and 
reCMved a viiiil frnm tin* igiioeQ during; lier 
pro^reaa through Surrey and Kent in 1573. 
The atory Roes Hiat when, at Itiavi-laliiHg, 
"tlje hnsr wfi« fain to apnlnj^Ue for tlie iii- 
KufGciency of his bouse, liliiabeth remarked 
'Hatia.' Watts took tins as a coinplimi'iit, 
apd named his lioubc on Itully IIlII 'italic 
ilouae.' He died t!ien> oji 10 Sept. loTtt, 
and was bnriL-d in Itoirhr^clur Cathodral. 
la 173? th<^ cirporation, at tbn iiistauce of 





the mayor, whose nune li«|ipei>ed to be 

Iticliaiu Watts, erected • monumeut to bi« 
memorr in ttwiiuuth IraoMtpt. llv lii«will, 
States th« inscriutioD, 'dated 23 Aug. and 

Itrovfd 2o Sept. I&79, he founded an alms- 
lou.te for the relief nf poor people and ~ 
the reception of six poor travelers evi 
niffht, and for tmploying the poor of t 
city.* Tbt; original atitiual ralue of 
estate in Chatham deroted to the purpn 
of ili« charily was twenty luarka, but upoa 
tho death of Watts's wi^w, Marian (who 
after his death espoused a lawyer named 
Thiimax Pn^^ltt), thv income wax nii|fmenl4 
lo npftriy A~L In 1771, when the poor it 
vulleni' lod^'injcs in the High Street we 
rpptiin-d, rbp ntv^nuo amountdd to am 
50(.i/. per unnuiu, and id 1899 to 7.000/. 
annum. At the dale latt nienltoned the 
charitv wai runiodelled and iwcatv almsfolk^i 
lodgea in a new building on Ihe Maidstoni|^H 
mail, with an allowunc>.< of 9(W. a year eocu^fl 
A mform of tlie <.-harity had Wen urf^^ed fire ' 
years preriously by Charlea Dickens in the I 
('hrixlinaw number of * Household Words' 
f<jr!S54. I 

The dauBe in Ills will winch bas caused 
fCichnrd Watt« to Ix^ r<'nii>mberod siipulniei 
that 'six matrices or fiock beds and other 
good nnd sutficit-nt fnrniturc' should lie 
provide>il Mo barliour or lodge in poor 
travellers or wayfaring men, being no 
common ro^cs nor prortora [i.e. itinera 
prictu] . . . tlu.- »aid wayfaring men _ 
harbour therein no longer than one nigb 
unless eickuL'ss l»- the farther cause thei 
nnd tlia-u- pmir folk.* there dwelling xhoul 
keep the ennie sweei and courteously 
tn-Jit the snid jMior iravi'lh-r* ; and ereryi 
the said poor travellcTH nl their lirxt enmiE 
in lo bni'e fourpence.' The singularity 
thp beijiie^t, wnicli is atill operative, ha« 
given rise to a nituiber of Hciitioua expUiis- 
tiana. It ba.^ somi^ points nf resemblance to 
the ' wnvfart'rV di'lu' in conuocliou with tli« 
Hospitut of St, t'rfi» at Wincheat^ir. 

A bu»t of Watts, stated to have been ex; 
culi-d during IiIh lifetime, »iinnoiint« 
monumcni in llnche.'iter Cathedral. 

[.■^rao n«» facts <rc)Qremipg WaUa v 
tnl>iitoil i»i1io ILnchusior nod ChaLhan Nei 
30 July XWi'A, by Mr. A. Rhodm. See al<« i 
Hinlury and Anti<|uiric?a a{ Rochester, 1^17. [ 
Z18-:i3; Thorpitn Iti'Gfi.-^runi RoRtdm', 17l! 
p]' 7'iOM[. ; Uiiiiteil'» Hini. "f Keut; Arel 
iu'jia Cataiiinu. v. ii. vii. 323 : Addit. 
o"-'i2. f. 3)1 ; .Vt* ot Wivy Conncil, new sef- 
iii. 203 ; l^irifj'loii's CliiMlnjud and Voutb nS 
Charli'B Dickeus, 1801. with a view of ' Waio't 
Chari'v.' and a copy of tb<^ inwriplion in ih« 
tathadnil.l T. S. ' 



WATTS, ROBERT (1820-1895), Irish 
presbyteriaii divine, young-'St of fcmrteen 
chililrvn of a prfsbyl.Tiau farmer, wu bom 
fct MoneyUnH, near Cat lltwcHan, l-o. ttwwij, 
oo 10 July \>*'2it. ti« wn* ivUicaleil at Hit- 
pAtish echonl nf KUmv^ii, ro, Uown, und nt 
the Itoral A«iil>-miail Inatitiition, llflfMHl. 
In l»W ho w<'iit 1« Aini^rina, (p'aduaifl 
(1849) at WasLinpion Collt-Rp, I*xinnion. 
Vir}tini>.antl atudit-d lhpo!'->frYnl: Prinpt'Imi, 
NfW Jor»i.-y, UIiUlt Charl>;« llcxitre, H.l). 
(17iI7-1^7x*). Uc ftr^niarri llS.W) A prcs- 
bylcrian miii&ioR tit I'liilnili'lphin, ^tTtiervd n 
conjiri-jint iim in b'tuiildin House H&U, waa 
ordftined its pojitar in IS^tS, nad (.vUiiiiu-d 
thv erwctitm (18MJ of Wi-ntmimlt-r C'liurrli 
for it* uif, III! gnt into c^nlrovprar on Ar- 
niniantBiiiwith Albert Harue* (I79f<-!H70), 
ft I'liilndfliihia presbvtprian of liberal views. 
Oil a vijiil lo IreloDil be accepted a call to 
Lower Qlouc«»l<T Street enngn^fjfllion. 
Dublin, and was iuittalled (heru in Auguet 

On the dratb (1906) of Jutin Edgar [(). t. i. 
WatlHWKB «l«ct«d to tbecbutr nf oyMtetuslic 
theologjr to Uie Aawoibly'fi C'oUego, }k>lfust. 
He was a liwn tlnwl'ijitnn, of very rtiniMTVa- 
tivf viewB, onpoMiil lo the tendenry of muoh 
modem cridciBin, nn:l espt-cinlly l<i tbo iti- 
Hucnn: of Ucrmnn <*x<ji(tin , II.< ^tiidit^d 
correni opMnjIniions with wnne care, in a 
Bpiril of iiuoompfoinisina: ant>k(;oi]ism. Ilix 
writingfl wck aecoptaklu to thi^ old«>r miiidK 
in Iiis dcaiomiuation, and were in Eome 
tneasHM saccaesful in arrestinf- tendcncit-s 
which h« combat«d with cunfldent vivacily. 
In matter* wbrre ho ciiTntldervd that nn theo- 
logical inten>fit woe iavolved h« wa« not k> 
COnMWatiro ; Im Hdvnratiil th» tise of in- 
strumenial music in public worsblp, thuu(.'b 
this wa» s)^inst the geneml wiirimi'iril nf 
Iriib pn>abyl«nAD«. Itis health Hiifl'ered from 
orer work, and after the eloso of the cnU«ee 
Mssinn, April IH9o, hp cimplrtrlv hrofce 
<kiwR. He died m Co!k-gv I'ark, Iteifitf't, on 
S6 July 189a, and was burii'd on '19 July in 
the cilvcuiw.-tery. IK- iiiiirrifd(l'*-V'J» .^lar- 
garet. daughter nf Willinm Ncwell .if Smn- 
mL-rhill.Downpatrick. ^^hl}!'u^\ivL■dhiJIl with 
a ixHi and Iwo dan^hlvn>. Hi* t-tdr-st nun, 
Rohen AVatta, pppaby terian rainiiler of Kil- 
mafreMinn. co. DoneRal, died on l Di-c ]r*89. 

Among h'» nurncnHinpuhticatinna mar be 
named: 1. 'The Doctrine of Eternal Pun- 
uhment Vindicated,' IVIfnsI, 1^7.'!, Kvii. 
2, * [teply lo Profeseor 'ryiidal'B Addivss be- 
foI>^ the llrtli^h Association.' Ilelfnal, 1)^74, 
8vo. S. ' An Kxamiuarion of Horhcrt Hpiin- 
Oer'n Ilioldfncnl llyputhf«i«,' IMfiift. lH7fi, 
8vo. 4. 'Th'-' Now Apolop-lic," Kilinburiih. 
1979, Svo. S, 'The N»w«r Crilici»tn. ... 



I Itvpiv to . . . "W. Rohertaon Smith,* Edin- 
burgh, ]^I81, 8vo. 0. 'Thu Rule of Faith 

' and the DofLtrint- of Inaiiiration,' lH8i'>, ftvo. 
He contributed many articles lo preebyterian 
and or.hrr pi-riiHlicul«. 

[Norlbnrn Whiji, 'J' JnlylSDA; El*lfa«t New»- 
hurr. 27 July iS9i: Irwiii's PrMbytarianiam 
in Subtil). ISDO. p. »:i3; I^timcr'n ilint. <A Irish 
I're»!iytorii.n» (1H95), p. 2'i7 ; Sclisff «inl .Inclt. 
»on'a Ell L-ri^IofKr dill uf Living iJivinei, ISVl, p. 
•HI.] ' A. <i. 

WATTS, THOMAS (1811-18(10), keeper 
of printed boaliftat tbe llriti»h lilu«fuiD, 'vraa 

' horn in Londun, in the parish of St. Luhe'a, 
4HJ Street, in 1811. His fHtbcr. orijfinally 
friiin Northniuploii»hirf,wa» the pnipriirtor of 
I be 'Peerless Pofd ' hmh.s in the City RoAd, 
l!ie jiriifil* from which piiieed the family ia 
onmlortuble ciri'nmstftnct-.i, Wattj* reccivedl 
liin ■•'ductLtion nl Linnin^^on's academy, act. 
Finftbury Hquiire, wbi^re Iif wxjn fcamed 
whatever was taugbi, and disiin^uiahed 
himiklf in particular by his facility in cooi- 

Sio»ing' v**a.ys aad vcreot. He fursoino liniti 
ullowed no profession, but derottrd tiiinaettJ 
to literary studios, in which he made rwmark* 
Bbl« projTri^.ii, favoured bv n tinHiigioiwIy 
retentive metDon* and A faculty tor arqnirin^ 
dillifuU 1nngua)i>-i', wliii-b imabled him lo 
tnahtprall thi' (Vlrir and Slavonic ton|^iiefi, 
as well ao IlunKarian, and to ntake Aome 
jimj^ewi with Chinese. II'-wus [iarlfcul»rly 
inren'flicd in Diilch litoTniun'. Uc occa- 
sioniiliy contributed lo periodical*, and in 
ISSfi wrote an article on tbeRritish Museum 
in the ' .Mechnnie*' Magazine' which in suine] 
degree aulicipnted PaniB»i'*i .■mlisi^tjuent feat 
of en.'cting thu gri-ut reading-room within 
I be interior quudriiiigli-.lboiigli Wut.ts hardly 
seeins to djwak of the step as one thai wa» 
then prai'licablt\ Hi* tmgnt^Bment to cata- 
logue a antall parcel nf Rui%:kian desideraia, 
(mrdiasednt hiitrecomtnendatran, introduced 
lim to rho muitenn). At Paniui's invitatioa 
hp became a tem|)oran,' eii^itlanl in 18.1^, 
and was employed in ctfecting tbu removal 
of the books fr^iiti tliu old rvuniH in Monta- 
gue Iliiune to the «ew library, fl tusk per- 
formed witli estraonlinary e.tpe<liliun and 
unexjH-i'Ied fncility. In the aiitiinin of tbd 
»ame y.-ar he wa.* placed Upon the penna- 
nviit (itatr Jlis duties for the itnxt twenty 
vr-nr* i-mbrfu-cil two moat imiiorfant depart- 
meiiU: he was the principal agent in the 
.i<d<'Ctiou of cumnt foivijjn lili-niluro for the 
miuieuni.givingutiheMinieiimoinuchutlfn- 
tion to the acf|otitilion of desiderata ; and 
he arranged all newly acipiired bookfi on the 
HfaeLt rji acc'OTiling lo tt hystftn iifrbLii^itii'atiou 
introduced hy hiniaelf, though agreeing to 
a great extent with Brunet'e. Tbeee bookc 



mMtly occupied ffoaea numbered according I 
lo the'elAstic •ysiem' deriaed by 'Wtttiii, 
wliicltprevQot«d the dUturboncs ot' the nii- 
merieu »erieii. ' He appeared,' m; a Cowtui, 
' nerer to havo for^len a smi^lo hwik tliai 
passed throiigli liia liamU, and 4lwHvs re- 
nenbered ila exact locality in thu lilirun'.' 
lie also gate great aMtstanc* to i'lintiii in 
frttuiDg the memonhle report (1^(3) which 
afaowed the inefficiency of tlie library an it 
vresy and tLo nee»«ity of a grvat auemenla- 
tion of the f^rant for p4ircba4ei [eet» Pamxzi, 
8iR AxTiiii.vv]. Of nifiliihours a«a selector 
of buot^i, (.■^puciully lu tUu Ktu knowit kluro> 
w-an liui|{Lia)iirf>, lit! was kbit- lo anv, * In 
liiiiunan, Poliph, Ilun^arinii, Danisli. nnii 
.S»ve<ii»li, with llie fxi'rplion i»Th!i|"s nf liftv 
vohmiftd, every book tlml liiwownmirchaeml 
by ihe museum within the lost llirwiLnd- 
twciiiy year" hiu b<?«'n ])tin;baAecl at my Biiggee- 
tion. Every futureetuJfut of theaeliterntiinj* 
will findnchi^^ where 1 foiiiul povfTty.' Hi» 
ulto, in thill respect before Lis age, advocated 
the printing of ihe catalogiip. ]lc bixramn 
aseiatant kcvpor in IS'iG. When the tii^w ' 
reudinfcriMim vriw oppiied in 1B.57, Watts, 
much to ihfs public advastaijv but greatly 
to hl» own cliuMttiifHCtioti, was appoints] its 
first mip^^rintendpnr. TTua nf^cRasitatcd hia 
ivliiiquiEUment of ihi- duly "f plarliig Ijoobi*, ^ 
in wbii:b h<' liml »ri rtcligbted: hi't^oniiniied, 
howi'ViT, ro bf^&tow the enme attvutiott ns > 
beforeHponthtrpTirirhmynt of tlu'librnry, and 
compiiti^ that botweea \B^>\ and liSOO h« 
had ordered eighty tliousiitnd books nnd 
examined six himdred thniiMnd titlei*. In 
1860 heincceeded John Winter Jones [q. v.] 
aa keeper of printed biolcs. Hi? tvoA eminent 
M a scbolnr raibi.T ihnii iis an aduiniMra- 
tor. ami bis short term ot office was chiefly 
disliriguished fur bia purvisleiico in ri«uliEtug ' 
hi« jtniTiil iibji-cl 'of uniting with the beat 
Knglirth library in the wtirld thu best ' 
Itussisn library out of Hinwin, the bc*t Her- 
m/iti oiii of Germany, cha best Spaniitb out 
of Spain ; and so on in pverv hingiiagi- fm-ji 
Italian to Ictilandic, from t'olish to J'ortii- 

Siieso.' Among otber important ar(|iii6ition8 
ariDg hia tontiro of otlife were a larj^e 
portion of thu Mi'ucan libraries of I'alber 
Fiacht'i' and 31. Andrade, and ibc .liipani'M.' 
library of Dr. 8i«bold. lie died uncxpocUHlly 
at hia residence in the Brilifch 5lu»etiiu on 
9 Sept. \S6i>. llewua intL-rred in Highguli; 
cemetery. 

Wattft was n warm-hearted and occs- I 
nonully a warm- tern pi -r ml mim. lo itfiit'> ^ 
of >ome bniMiieno and iingnlariry hn was i 
much bt-lovea by bis colluagm-*, and oni* ! 
verbally regarded as one of the princirul ' 
oraamenCS of the British Museum in ni« 




An in«KpretstT9 QountenaDoe tad a o \ 
iin'nialy figure were for^tteu in the cba«^H 
of Ilia eoavenitioa, wkicb rMemblvd wkl^^ 
baa bivn recorded oifUacanlay'R. ^i 

W'aHi's remftrlnblu endowments voiild 
have gained bim more c<-b<brily if hm h 
bad mors inclination to antborvhip. 
though an excolleni be was ngc « willii 
wriiiT, anil neede<] n «trong tiidacemene 
••mploy hia pen. Apart from but oCB 
work, tie la pertaape b«t remembered for 
exposure in 'A Letter lo Amonio i'ani 
E«|.' ( 18.39) of Ihe fahncation of the all< 
Gr«t Knglinh ncwspuMir (the ' KoglUh Mob 
curie'), a furtuiiai*- l>ul iin eaay dtacuv 
which the first eerioiu investigator cr. 
hardiv fail to mnkt-. Hi* Hxcellrtit ' H\Le 
of the History of the Welsh Language 
Litemliirv' was privately reprinted in 1 
from KnighL>'Kngli»ht'yolopiL-din,'towhi 
he also coDtrtbticod au article, perfMl in 
day, upon tlii.- nnti»h Museum. He wt 
mnny liogruphical urtich-sfor tiio same pi 
licaMon. principallyon fooiign men uf letCi 
and ho wa^, with hts brother Jn«liuii, a lead- 
ing contributor tn l.bt- nburlivo biograpbicsl 
dictionary- of the f^ociety for the DinuuoD 
of I'lmful Kniiwtfdge. The vnlunble article 
on'Thelliaiorroff'yclojiediaa' in vol. cii 
of the 'Quarlerly Jteview* (April 18lW) 
by bim ; lif wroii^ a »criM ol' lettcra in 
' Atheiijeum,' under the ngnal ure of ' V 
cator,' 'in the fallaciea of library stall 
aivd made many other imponant oommuoi- 
catiana to the same jouriiat. >lewiiaalaoa 
valtied momb>.-r of tno Philological SocU-tT. 
An interesting piipur wnKvn in 18o0 dink 
with 'The I'robafale Kutum I'okition of 
l^nglii^h LauguagoVi'Ai'/u/. &c. J'ror.iv.-' _ 
cf. AXOS, Atray Chapter*, lt*8fi. p, 199>, 
Two yours Inter, in Jumiary I8ri2, Iw gave 
(hn aocii'tr lii« ptiiier on (Ordinal Joseoh 
Mezsofanti, whom lii^ acknowledged (apeu^ 
ing with the authority of a connoiaaeur) ' 
he ' I be greati'.*t linguist tin- world hu e' 
seem' (i6. v. 112). A aubM*r)Ueut t>aper 
the Hungnrinn language proi;un.'d nim 
lionour of elect JOR a« a member of the J) 
gar i an Academy. 

[Atlienwum, IH fv>pt, 1869; Bd 
FomiJiffru nnd Beref«rtar« of the IVii 
Mutii'um; Cuwiun'* Moitiori'-a of the Bri 
Mnsctiin : EopinadMcV Litt-mry Rccallei 
Itoyal CuiriiiLinBiori uii Uritiitb Muaamn, I 
p«noiiJil kui)*Iwlc«.l B. 

WATTS, W.VLTEU HEXRY (1 
I iU:}), jouniniiHt and miniature-painter, 
in the Kiet Indies in 1770, wa.<i the son 
rnptiiin in thi< Tvynl tiavy. lie wa« m 
England at an early age (Uid placed at acb 
in Cht'shire. lie po6S««8e<i Ulont oa 







arti«t, aoid deTot«d wnio time to tlio«ttidy 
uf drawing and pniiiiing. lu IF7O8 li« was a 
member of (he Society of A»^r>ciale>d Artists 
in \\'atercoloun. II« ulxaiuvd eocni- rv- 
nown as a mintature-ptiinter, and fmm I^WH 
to 1&10 exhibiifd miiiiiiturts at ib« Hoyal 
Acattvtny. In l^'l U ln^ wan nppoiiitn) minin- 
tnn^peinti'T ro tlip Princess CbBrltitlH. X(tt 
beiac sU« for snmei tim*< to n?8li«0 a *iilli- 
oient inoomp from {Miniing',}ie olit,nin(td nm- 
plo*rn)«at aa a parluintcntarr rppoTt«r oh tlw 
atatr of the * Momini; Post ' in 1^3. A bout 
1813 ba joinm] ibe 'Mornintf ('hronicli^' in 
the aauH capneitT. lu \Stlfi he uii<lertook 
to nutuifri* IDL- n.'porlinp tlepcirttnvnt of tbe 
' Rmimw-nlHlivi^* but, n-t liming tulhc'.Moru- 
iog (.'hronicle * in iha folli^wvng year, he ron- 
tutiied tu act »* a parliameatary raportvr 
tiU 1840. During this titne \\e alno (!on- 
tributed crilicinns od matters connL>cl«d 
with the fint' arts to the • Litcntrj- tiaMtti-,' 
and edited the 'Aaiiiial Ui<i|;raptiy and 
Ubituary' from ita com iopd cement in I HIT 
unii] Iti^l. Watifldied at liis lod)piig»ut 
Karl'ii Court 'IVrraoe, Old Urompton, on 
4 Jan. 1842. 

Jordnn »1sU>« thnt ^VuMs nrotti wveral 
indfTiPHdrnt works, ninone othpra a replJea- 
tjon of Mnrtin Arciurr ShtV* ' KhrmM in 
Art,' but that they were nearly nil published 
snonymoufily. 

[tX^M'tf Annual Biuamphv. 1842, p. 4ST: 
Genu M«g. 1812, i. 3*J3 : .Morniae Cnmnicin, 
t Jan. 1843; JcTdann .IntobiograpTijr. 186:j, iti. 
J8a,iv. II8-2;.] E. t. c. 

WATTS, WILLIAM (l-'iK):- lomi. 
chaplain to l*ruice IJiipprt, ftoii of William 
Watta of Tibhunhnm, Nurfolk, waa boru 
tboTK about, l.'iW). He wiu> at whool iit 
Moulton, and nt sixteen waa aJmilttid nizar 
at Onn^-illv and Gains Col1i>g«, riimbrirlg?, 
in leOil. Hf> gmdiiBlftd R.A. in 101 1, M.A. 
m ION (Vkkx. .1i/"iM«K>n', p. lOTiliiind wns 
toll'-K*- chaplain from IfllOto lB2fi. fk'wiw 
incorpi>rat4.Hl at Oxl'urd on li July KflM, 
and m lIUO v-as cr(^at(.>d D.n. (IFosti;!!, 
Alumni, I5UO-1714). IIv travvlled on Ihv 
ettatiiK^nt aft^rr Imivihk collcgt?, anJ becaniH 
a goad lin^ifit. In Dfcemlwr I l):iO \w ac- 
OOmpanii;'! Sir Albi-rtui) Murt.on [(|. v. | n* 
chaplain on hin mifuiion 10 th« united pro- 
Ie»tant princes vH (iennnny. 

Ill llilM bf- wat a|>pan>ntly nppotntod 
vicar of Jlarwick, Norfolk, the next year 
nyctor of St, Alhiin, Wood Stroijt, London. 
T1i« fonrnr li\iii^ he mami 10 have fai'Ld 
until lt(4«, a* oil 34 April of that year he 
waa includt^ in a list 01 wquvKtrat^^'d dultn- 
quaiita mid hia a«tate vaiLi>?(l at 81, (C'al. 
CbaaH.Jor Oampoimding, p. 1 1 4 ). From thn 
city rectory ha waa driwu in 164^, liia wifo 



and children rvuderod homelcas for a time 
{ l'fr$ectitiu r'w(/(*-iwa, p. 44). IVrbaps liiit 
absence from both livings accounta fwr this 
tnatnivDliforhv vraHsen'ingia IC^ as army 
chaplain to Lord Arundel. iTie gem-rnl uf Ihn 
forwa, witbfiupervifion of all the olhnr chap- 
laina \f.\il. Htnte I'apgn, Horn. HKiy, p. ril). 
He was apiioiiited a prelwndary of WiUU on 
' 111 Miirch Iti:t.%, an<l m hi4ri vrus nominated 
archdearon,hiit of this cliarg«> he m-vi-r look 
poMeMiOTi (Lk Nevk, Fntti, i. iUl, IW). 

I'jmn I'riiiec Itupcrt's rvtiim to £n){laad 

in 10 li*. Wads, who had iirt-vioiialy held 

I tliL" post of cUnpUiii to llitt kiii({, bLsraunt 

' uttaehi-d to hiui. 1I<> jiccoinpaniBl the 

priiici- ililo the fi«ld, uiul wax pri'M'nt 

throughout many actions. Hti nlso ntt<*iided 

' liim nt Kva, n.n<\ diirin|{ tlio blockade of the 

I myaliat ahipa under the prince in KinMl« 

I llarbobr, Watts FiL'kened of on incurable 

diaeaae, and th'-rt-diisl about Di>rcmber 1649, 

lie waa buried in Ireland. 

Ilia wifii, II daughter of Vau(:han, raini- 
Hcr of Ai-hicud, Jjurny, brotWr of Richard 
\'aughan [4. v.]<, biahup of liondon, with at 
lOQst one iwii, Biirvivvd him. 
I Walla wan a ■'ciiular, l«nrn<-d fur hi* ttme- 
I Gvrard A'osaius {Df I'itiU Sermonia, lib. ii, 
CMp. xvi. Sic) iiniiscs his creiii work, the 
I'dition of the ' EliAlona .Major' of .Matihtiw 
ratis. London, ItUO.fol.i lVLi,iai4; Lon- 
don, 1 lUM [ (WW V\ Ris, .M \mrKw\ He aaaisted 
Sir Hisnry Spplmnn [f[. v.) with his glooary, 
and h)« tmiuliilion of t\w ' CoaAitaioas of 
I St. A»|rut«tiiiL>' (London. Hiii], ]2roo} was 
edited oy I'uwy in It^iS for his 'Library 
_ of the Fathers.' He bIao iiwuttd a numtwrof 
i newaleitvns uudi-r tlie title of ' The Swedish 
TnteUig:encer.' 

Of other wiirkfi mentioned by Wood only 
ono ft*Hmi*i lo liH fxtant. This is a inanu- 
Fcripl trpatiH! on llin Riirpllce entitled 'The 
I'linrchV Linen Garmeol,' duled HHt!, now 
nmonff the Tanner tnanuscripta (No. 2ii'2) in 
the uodteian Library. Kliot Wnrburtoii 
('|. v.] eoi^joelurcd thnt Watta was author of 
1 wo man uecripladescribincf portions of I'rinL'E) 
Uupcrt'fl mnritimt^ cxploita during the Cuin- 
monwcallh. ThcsL- ^\ arbiirlon found among 
the Uupurt miLiu)M;rit)tK ami print<jd in iho 
third volume of his 'Life' of the princt*. 

^Vena's Biuuniphieal Hi«. of Oonrille and 
Cuius Cull. i. l»3; \Vo<iir» Farti. cd. Blits, i. 
883 ; StrwcuurtV Hflp«r(. KccloK. i. 23« ; IJoyd'a 
Mciuoirvf. pp. 604-5; CImlnKina Lifeuf Uuddi- 
maa. p. lU: Cha!m^rA*rli)in^, Dift. xzxi.Si'it: 
Cidniiij a Nori<:anr. Mtm. i. "5 ; Wnlkor's .SiitTatv 
inija, ii. "2 ; Blorjiefleld'it Kurfolk, x. 207 : Wnr^ 
burton's Life of Prino« flupert, iii. 234, 2T8; 
lAiKHlovne MS.080. fol. 164 ;Cal.StnloPapeiv, 
Doiii.l6i8-9,p.6U.] C.F.S. 



Watts 



?6 



W^augh 



WATTS. WILLIAM (1762-1861). tin*. 
enffravpr, tlie wn of ft master *ilW weaTer 
ill Jloortields, ma born esrlr iii I"fi2. Ha 
rvcuivo«l Iiis urt Iruininig from i*ku1 Suidby 
[H- v.] and Hdwuni llrH)]!^ [<). v.j. and on 
till" dL'Bth of lIiH latter in 177-1 Ii« cuntinuud 
thu 'C[i]ip(tr-p!nt<« Mitfpixiiit',' comnnmo"*! bv 
Lttn, an(] piibllithnil a number of «iiETRvJngft 
of country »eat>t aft*?T Sandby. (lis own 
'Scat* of the Noliility nnd Oontry.' n serii** 
of eighty-fgur p]a|«R, followed in I77VM*H, 
He §old l]i« furniture and prints in his houiM 
Bt Kemp's How, Oiul^i'n, and wi-nt to hsly, 
nabbing NaplM iu September i7Htl. After 
about H ytiar he n>tunifd, and livL-d nt f^uii> 
bury,Middli'«'r. In 17H9h«wfiitt(i Carmar- 
then, in 1"(«J In ihn IlniweUH, Briiiol, and 
in 1791 til Bnlh, wlit-re b" xiionl tvrii yi-^ant. 
Hia vifWfi of thi' prin^^inal biiildinfrii in Rath 
and Brifital, pr«>pared alKiut this time, vfotv 
publiaht'd in IHIH. 'Tbirty-tiix View* in 
Jutland' appeared in two paria (1791-4). 
He wfts ki.'pnly intrneatcd in tbt^ French rv- 
Tolution, and wpnt lo r«nii in 1793, where 
Aomf of bis viewx of Kngli»b country seats 
wrro t-n^Tavi'd in colours by LauTvnt (luyot. 
He iiicetttud u)ri!tL of t]t» propi'rLy which 
lid had inlimted from his father, with his 
own «>iritiiigH, in thw Frr-uch fiiiid*, and the 
whnlH was confiscated, thnuiih he re<:o\nri«l 
a portion &t till' peace in IHIf), Hif« Iom com- 
pelled him lo ret urti to (he pnictift' of his 
profeesion, lie engravftd three of the ]>tnrefl 
in ' KiO*)t't Viewn in Lnodon and Wi'-imiii- 
ater' (1800), and «isr^-8v» coloiin-d phitf.i, 
fnim (IrAwinjot b^ Lin'iii Mayer, for i>ir Uo- 
berr .XinMiL''* ' \ icw* in Turkey in Kumpe 
and Asia'(l8Cl), Soon after iLis hureiiwd 
from his profeasion, and lived far a short 
time Bt Mil! IHl], Hundoii. In 1814 hu 
purcbaA«dasmaIlpni|M'rtyat nobhnm,Hiinwy, 
wiiarw lie diad on 7 ber. 1&51, iiftrr baviii^ 
been blind for wimr yonr", within a few 
months of hiB hundrtidrh birthday. 

HirnC. Miig. 1862. i. 420 ; Kedprav*'* Di«t. 
of ArtmU; Soatti Ksnuington Cut. of Ilooka 
on Art.] C. U. 

WACCHOPE, SiK JOHN (rf. 1683). of 
Niddrie, eovrnaDter. wns dflcrended fpnm 
Ihi- "Id faniilyof W'liiifliopi'of Wimdiopi.' in 
I)umfrit*sbire, who bt'came prnprini,on< of the 
landu of CiiU^ir, AberdueusUir-?, and from the 
thirteenth renin ry wr're hi-rtwlitary bailUea in 
Mid Lnthinci to the keith msrtMihiLi of Scot- 
Iftnd, afterward* farl inarischal, from whom 
they obtained the litnd* of Niddnu .Mnn»chnl 
in that eftunly, Hobert Wauchopi', (ii»>t- 
gTandfathernfSirJolin.undhia Bun und li'.'ip- 
apparent Archilmld were forfniled in l.'iH7 
(or aiding and nbettiag the turbulent fifth 




reS I 



Earl of Bothwell [see nepBUBKf Fius 
Strwabt]; bitl tbev continued lo defy jiu- 
tice, the MR, after being c«ptur«d in 1689, 
eacapin^ from tbe TolbootL during hia trial, 
Bjid living thereafter a wandering and Law- 
liMs life. Tbe fntlier also, alter taking pan 
in the rail] of KnlkUiid in 1&80. waa c«[h 
lured at Leamahagow by Lord Hatmllos, 
and placed in the cR»tUi of Prephan, but 
made hia escape with tbe cnnnivance of 
John Hamilton, the commander ofthe 

Sir John Wauchope was the eon of F; 
WaucLope of WaucbopQ by Janet Sandi 
landu, said to ha\'e been the dauKhtcr of 
Lord TorjihtchL-n. He was Ituigaied no 
'J2 June by Charles I on bia viail to I" 
land in IQ'63. In 104- ho joined in a 
lion of Deveral noblemen, biirgvwra, 
miniMers to the SciHtifli privy council, _ 
ing thnt nothing kIiomM Im* enacted pi 
dicial to the work of tbe liefomiatlnn and 
the presurralion of peace between the nro 
hingdnm:i (KraLniKn, Mt^ntonaU, ii. 1 
GiTUKT, Memoir*, p. UCij. A zoaloua eo' _ 
nnnter, he was prostint with Argyll at Itirei^ 
locliy agniim ^]on[TOii*e in 10-15, but did noi- 
lake part in the battle, haviug the premnu 
evL'ninf; },'un«i with Argyll aboard AreTlTs 
ualley (SpALBlXO, ii. 4J4 ; firrHRv, p. IST' 
WiiuchopB died in .lanuary 1685. By ' 
wife .Anne, diiU)fht( r of Sir Andrew Hs 
Ion of Itedlioute, brother cX Thnma*, t-arl of 
Haddington, he had two bous— And 
n ho jon'cri;drd liim ; and .Fiilin, who, ma 
iug .\nna, daughter and }ieirf»v of Jo; 
Hail of I'AlnioTidiitone, became the founder 
of tlw Wanchopea of KdmondMone. By 
•lecond wife, Jean, widow of Sir John 
hu had n i<on .lame^. trho served urn 
Dundee at. Xilli<rcmnkie. 

[.SirJaraioH [tiilfoiir's AiinaU; Itishop Outbrj'* 
Mrmuirs; CaKIi^rKOod'a Uiat. of the Kirk 
.Hcorlnnd; Spaliling'n Momorialain tbe S 
CIiil- ; rtiirkcH Ijimlfd I}«iilry; Anderaon'*^ 
li»li >*nii"ii.l T. P. B.' 

WAUOH. .VLEX.V>DEK (I754-I 
Sfolliiih divine, y<Min)iv*t item of Tb' 
Waiigh. funner, of 1-^st Gordon, Re: 
shire ('I. ITh;}), and Margarvt. his wifcw 
danghti-r of .-Alexander Johnslone and £lia- 
beth VVough, sUo of the farmer cUifW, was 
bom at Kiwt Gordon on Ki Aiig. 1764. Uis 
father waa a zealoim prt>«byteri«n, with • 
strong dislike of lay patronage. Waiigh wat 
A* H child d'jvotvd by bi« pumnts to the 
miniftlry. He was educated at the rillaji? 
school of Eust Gordon until 176d, irhen lia 
WK* i-ntered at tli» gTMinrnitr school of Etrfa* 
ton in llerwickshire. He was a high>$pint<d 
boy, a good clauical scholar, and a vliilfsl 
musician. In 1770 he enterwl tha unireruiy 



_i 



of Kdinburgb, Bud nuuifeated grtat apiitude 
for moral pbUosopbv. la August 1«74 lie 
piumed to the bur;gun' ikfCMtfion academy, i 
vTidM- ibemanaffemeiit uf Johnnmwn i\7'J.i- 
17t*7} l^q.v.] of lUdilitiKliii:. A n.-r Mitn<! hesi- 
tation Wnugh apcepleil Kmwn'A tlti^olrwical 
ImiLs of philoMiphT m it« entirety. In 1777 
he rwnovcd to the unlvfiMity of AtxTcletsn, 
and attended t he Ivcturvt of If ni, Il«attie nnd 
UunpbelL He prowedcd M.A. on I April 
1776, uid was liuuused liy (lie iinvbvtt.'rr of 
Edinburgh al UuuM on 'M June 177l>. 'JVo 
monthB later lie was appmnled tempomily 
for ton wi-vks to the McM$lon eonirregalioiiiLl 
diiirchof WellaSu«et,London. ThUdiurch 
enbaequently becaise the centiv of hia mini- 
stntiotiA; but lit th« cotirliiMnn of hU flret 
term of office there he received a cuU to the 
mmiAtiy of Nawtown in the mrish of Mel* 
n>M, Koxbtuightihire, lo which be was or- 
dained on 30 Au^'. l7tiU. The village waa 
Tsty am&lland [Htor, then van do iDaDae.iuid 
Waugh cooitinuiH) to r<>itii]e with bis twrenta, 
foaiteen miles aff, at Fast Gordon, Twiuu in 
May 1781 h« dwHiii'd a t-iill lo \\v\ln Street, 
IjOndnn ; hut when the mil woa repeated 
null year thy presbytery of Edinburgh ad- 
mitu-*) h;m to the London phiir|ri» (1) May 
17^:!). llifi vuoeeea at AVells Street was iof 
iiH-diatc and )n«tiitfr. 

Apart from hi* mitiUiurial duties, bis chief 
activities were absorbed bv the London Mis- 
aiooary Society, of which V- was one of the 
uriginal comuiiltw, formal on 'J'2 fr^ept. 1796. 
He ure«cbed al the Tabemiu'lo at thr second 
saiUTerfary mvttliug' ou 10 May 171^7. In 
S«p(*nib<-rl80t;ii.tundi>rl<>^)ka(otirinFrancc 
on behalf of the tnU&ioa to ' promoto the 
reviral of ptirv rrligion in that roiinlry;' 
bill thi? rtin«>wal of war intt^rrupti'd hiaofTorts. 
Tbenceforlh he rasdc almost Hnnnally mis- 
sionary- toiin* through various parli* of V.ng- 
land and, after \Hir,, through Scotland. In 
181:! he joined Dr. Jack of Mnnchcrttrr !n a 
Bussionary tour in Iri'lnud. At MrisU)! in 
the iame year he formed an aiuciliari- branch 
of tho cocivty. He sat for Iweiity-uiKhl 
yoani tut chnirman of (lie i-xamininK com- 
mittee of the society, and was also a inembi-r 
of th«? correepondint; boanl of tlie Siwii'ty fur 
propaj^ting OhriAtianity in the Uigblaude 
and Islands of Scotland. 

In 1^12 Wanf^ was largely iiutniinental 
in tlie enUT:geineat aud improvement of the 
paalmodr appointed for church use. He re- 
erired the denva of doctor of ditinily ia 
I81.'i from ilie Marischal Collcpt af AWrdeen. 
Throuj^h lift) he wasone of the tnoet 'iffectual 
friends of Mill Hill jtchoot. H« died on 
14 Tu-c. 18:^7, and wan buried in Rimhill 
Fields on '22 I>ec., (he funenil prccestion. 



which included ministitcs of all <litnoniina- 
tions, bdiii^ half a mile Ions. A marbl» ' 
tablet til hiH mi-niury wiis placed in Well 
Strt^t Chapel by his congn'jpition. 

Waiigh married, on 1(J Aug. \7H6, at Kdtn- 
crow in ib'-parifth of Coldinphnm, Berwick- 
shire, Mary S'eill, danffhtrrof Willism Nvill 
of Edincrow. and Jlarioiret Henderson his 
wife. l!y Imt hi- had sL^ sons and four 
daiightera. His wife died on 20 July 1840, 
ngutt (Jt>. 

Tliem arp iM-vhnil uortraita of Waugh still 
extant. The b4>Bi is a drawing bv W| 
mann, reprvsenting him, hatf-lengtfi, in 
doctor's gown and bands, Thii» portrait w« 
reproduced in the memoir by Hay and Bel- 
fragt'. Tfl»*if i-xecutcil two gem ji'irtraits, 
out! of which wat> diytrihut4.-d in a ctuneo 
iwproductioD amoLig all branrbc* of his 
family. Tbcrc is an oil-painting by nn un- 
kouwn artint now in tlii;! |>r)K<iwiiun of Mar- 
garet Waugh in Ilrisbane. A watcrcolonr 
porlrail, by an unknown art lAt, is in the pos- 
session of his grandiwn, Alexander Wougb 
of Midsomer Norton, Somerset. 

Besides single «ormonv, A\'augh published 
'Sermons, Expositions, and Addrut«ea OC 
the Holy Communion,' London, i825, 8vo. 

[&I''mo'r of tho Hav, AWandor Waugh, D.D., 
br the Iter. Jutiwui Itny, Il.[). a»d thp Re», 
Hnnry Rflfniga, D.U, 3rd ndit., £dinbaij{h, 
1B8»; I*'nmi]y Paper*] A, W. 

WAUGH, SiK ANDREW SCOTT 
(1810 Ift7ft), major- gen [Ta] royal (late Ben- 
gal) eu[riueer«, surveyor-general of India, 
eldest son of <!icncral (iilberl Wangh, mili- 
tary Buditoi-g^'ii'.Tul at Madran, grandson of 
Colont-l Uilherl Waugli of I irnreinuunl, Mid- 
Lothian (descuuded from Waugh of Shaw. 
Ktanclnrd-bearer at Flcnlilt-n Fields, and 
nephew of Sir Murray ^Inxwell of thf royal 
nary, WB* biiirn in India on 3 Feb, 1>SI0. 
Ilewasi'ducali'd at Kdinhnreh High School, 
and, after ps-^ing through ihe military col- 
lege of the En«t India Company at Addis- 
combe in lialf tbi.- uriual limv, came out 
drat of his term and received a rommiMiinn 
as heutensnt in the Ik'iigal engineers on 
1;) I)i«. 1H27. After a i-nuwr' of jirDfeptBinnnl 
instruction at Chatham under Sir Charles 
Paeley [q. v.], who n.-commmded him to the 
chief pnginoer nt Benga), Wangb wnt ti> 
India, arriving in ibut country on 35 May 
1S2H. 

Wuugb was appointed in tho following 
year lo assist C^iptain Hutchinson in the 
coneiniction of tile new foundry at Koaai- 
pur. On IS April IStl he was aj)|Kiinted 
adjutant, of the Bengal sappers and miiii»n(, 
and on 17 July 163-' lo lue great trigono- 



metrical axmy of India under the tmmc- 
di«ti? direction of Major («ft«rward« Sir) 
f)t'org:ft Kv*rest (q. t,], tha iiirvevor-geneml. 
Waugb, with Ilia fri'.-nil Bud (.'unlttrnponTj, 
I.it-iiTfiiiiTil Hfimv ( ftftarwnnls Major Iteniiy 
Tailyniir). vraa s«nt in tti« ToUawiDg yuar 
to asciiat in op^rnliontt ii>-nr Sinnij, (o rarrv 
a ferics of Irlnnglpii up nii>> of ilia m^riiliaiis 
fiited by the lonffitudmal nerie*. They en- 
plorod the junglt* country between Chunnr 
tod th« Bources of tin* Snno and Nnrbada 
up to Jabalyior,and subniittod a to]io^phi- 
cal and ^otofficnl ivporr, now in the (p>o- 
Bmphical ilBtwirt nienl of the ludio olliee. 
In thefoUowinp yi-ar the tfur^'OTor-ppiit'ral 
wniU'ofHcinllv in lerin* ■>!' ^r«Al rou]fu«iid«- 
tion nf Waujth'fl rnpitbilit Ibm and SBrriceB. 

In XovembtT lsri4 Wmigli jointjd thu 
hi'adqHATii?r!i of the survi^ynr-frpncral nf 
Duhra, fo assist in munsnrins tbo huRe-line. 
In April lKJ.'i. Kiiti-*! haviiif; ri-prew^iitiil 
thai 'Vaiigli anil Itfimy iiiniuesiioiiably eiir- 
pns4t>«l all lilt' oth«r oflioTs undi^r his order* 
m mulb(!inalieal and othur seieiitifi;; knttw- 
Iwctifi-, in corrt^hitrM. nf i-y« autt in tlir-ir 
Aptitude anil fkill in th** lotiiiipulBlianof iht- 
largi.T clni''' wf in»lriinirnlii, Waunb whs ftp- 
pointed aatrnnomioal nii.aiBiQnr for the cf>IpA- 
tialobserrationscoiinecltHl n-tilitli^miviKun^* 
monr of the proat arc. At the end of ISUl 
he was ul l''athgarh,conductio|f the rout^cr 
serien of the ijreHt trijtonomelriciil »nrvey; 
but in Juhii;irT IMft lie ji)ini»d KverpHt at 
Baini. to ha-i'isI in tbi? ineaAiir(<ment of tlie 
arc uf tho meridian rxtendinff from Cnpo j 
Coinurin Co l*elira Duii.iit thr baxeof i]ii< i 
IlimnlayaFi, eommnncinR with the northern I 
baf<(;-linL< in thv I'elira Dun valley, uiid von- ' 
uvctin); ii with tlit- bu.tc-line lu-ar Siroiij, 
Bomi? -IfiO milfttt to tin.' south, mid n'measur- 
in(r the Ullff in 18^7 with tin" n*-\v bnr* 
which h'ld beflii iisei! nt Dehra Dun. Tbo 
wonderful nccnmeT sfcureil in tliwi- fi|>"r«- 
tiftiis niBT be estimati'd by the difreninct'." of 
length of the ])''hra biii>*-lini^ &s mcnsiired 
ami ns di-dueed by trianp niatioiis from Sironj 
being 7*2 iimlivs. 

Even-lit fontinwid In report in tho very 
highest trmiB of tin.- ability and Biif'rjjy dis- 1 
plaVLKl hy \\'atii;li,nnd (hi- oourt nf dirMCldri* 
of JUl' Ka.it; India rompany on soviTal necn- 
aiona espreFSed their njipn'ointiiHi of liiti 
acrviceji, Ili* rraininu undiT F.vrost in- 
alillcd into hiiii the iniporrunce of Ihees- 
trcme occurticy wifh wliieh gcod*?tle mea- 
iturcmeuT8 hav- in b<' cmidncted. In No- 
vember 18'(7 two pnrlii'f. w.-n- funned, tme 
of wliiich wai pinoi-d uiHlrr W'nufth to work 
iioutliwiirdo iiH till! buM- I'u^'Ari) Id .Inlet ipurii : 
the olhpr. iindor EviTt'it, pn-eci-ding Hp"ii 
the base Kuluriii> lu llauod. ThK work wan 



t^ 







flat iafacT only accnmpliihed by the end of 
. Febniary 1(^, when Wau^ wu dvlaehed 
into thu nizam'a country lo leal the •wu- 
nicy of ibv i rianirulation butwm-n Bedar aad 
Tolialkhard nml lo lar out tJir t»tf of itn ab> 
K>rvutoryat Uamarj^iilda. 1n(trtn1>3r hetook 
tbf fi'-ld, commencinfr with luimuth obaer* 
vations, at Damarjiidda, and. wnrkinff Rortli 
with the trianpulat icn, completed bia portion 
of the work at the t-nd of March 183W. He 
shared with Kveresl tho arduous olwi-rva' 

, work carried on simultaneously at tli« 

lion) oj* Kniiana, Kaliaupur, and Damar> 
ffiddn from Novembrr 1839 to Slurrh 184[\ 
by which the arc of amplicitde was 
, mined. 

I In 1841 Waiigh waa (>ngii^d in the 
I mffiKUFiiiaviit nf ilie Bedar bese, which 
fliilted in a ditl'erence of onlf 4"'2 ioi 
IVlween 1HJ4 and ISJOWaugh bad 
diictt-d tliei ltnng;bir soriea of triAnjrlM in 
Ni.irlU-Wesi I'ni vince.i.iuid in 1k42 he carried 
tho triaiigulntiun ihruuKh lb« inahiriouK 
iJohUkhund Tvmi, which Everest con&idertd 
lo be ' as citinnltfttt u )ip«^umtr» of mpl 
combined wiin aeciimcy of execntioit. 
theri' U on nixinl.' 

At the end of IRi;! Kv.-n'at r>^tiri*<l, ntii, 
in n'oom mending that Waiich should »uc- 
ct-fld him aa surrey ot^ijeneral . he wrote; 'I 
do not beaitate to alakc my pntfeasiotial 
nimtAlion that if your bonounible coiiH 
bad ilie world at \'ourdispOMlwherefrvim to 
iselwcl a ptT^m wfin*.? mm total of pnetical 
skill, ihcoreticul altaiuntpnt,^wers of en- 
dunuice, and all olhvr v^M'nlial qualitJef 
were a niaximum, Lieutenant Wauxli would 
bi- IIhj very perijou of your choice.' Altboogli 
only a subalti-m of iuvhI uneineent, Waugb 
wa» nccordinply aeleeied f) nil, from 16 Dec, 
IKW, (his viTv Ti.'>pfin*ible and imporlaai 

foal, l\e was promoted to be capraia oa 
4 IVIi. J(^44. He be};an by oarrj-iDJC wil 
the ramnminir ftTii-s sov^-n in niuDber^ a 
total of aonip tbirleeii hundred mitn ia 
li^njrtlip emhracin/7 an area of sone ivretiSy- 
eit^Iil thousand aquoru milei". uriginln; 
from the Calcutta lonpladinal ai>riea oa Om 
' (iridiroii miem ' — projected by Erenst 
(Iti form a romtrl. conception uf I hia qretMB, 
ftoe the chart farinp p. 109 of the .VewoiV q? 
fAe Indinn ^nrrfu]. The cmiteni elde ww 
fnrmod bv the {^aleutta meridional seriM 
<l>H^un in'1^14 and flnished iu 1H18), whidi 
tcmiinnled in ennther bAso-lino near t^ 
fool of the Darjiliiig hills. 

On^ of tliu fijQeat of surveying Oponitiaa* 
cimmeuctsd about this jteriod waa the noRli- 
es«t IlimnlnvnMirii'a.ciiiiwwtiiijjthonnr'' ~ 
end of aU Hil* bcfore-mpnlioncd mer 
seriiM. lu lh«su lidd uperations V. 




Waiigh 



79 



W'augh 



tookn WiliQif pnrt. TUe Uue of tb« country* 
wa> titong tbt- taae of the Iliiniila>'a Terai, 
and proved very ili-ndlj' to • Itiyv prvpurliun 
of the iintivr i:»tiLbUihnu>nt and to DQftny of 
tliff Kiim[)«ai) ufHcera uiid asSifitanta (40 out 
of J<iU were burit-d in nnd about ihn nwnrnpy 
fonaU of Oornkpur). B.v tlie% o]>KrBtiou» 
vere fitted Ibe positionii mad b>'i{;hti of 
serentj-iuiw of ilii- Hi^ho^i an<l fj^mndcat of 
tbu JlimalsyaD peaks in .Nipal ami i^ikkiui, 
one of winch -natire tuttae Dovidangn — 
S0|OOi f«!t bIwvu llttt «.*«, was iimiii«-<d b,v 
Waug^li .Mount Kveresi, and woa fbtutd to 
be tlu! higbest io the world. The series itm 
die lodgvAt HTtrr <:aiTJt-<I bclwwn oinosuivd 
hfliri, Wnjt IdOO inilBs long frnm Soniboda 
to U«hn Dun. 

On ^1 Hi**. Iftl" WftHgb WM given ihe 
local rank of lieutenant -colonel. In the 
MUthofludia, till' South Konkitn, the Madras 
cosal Mfitu, liui 8uulh i^iftiutU and South 
Hnloncba Mrie* vrvre b«^uo and tinifliml. 
Waofrh wa« now ftvv to imdcriaki' u project 
ori|fiaatfd bv hiinM'lf of fiiniiiiig ii ;*}'i>l<'m 
of iriangulatinn lo the weHtwanl of the 
great arc wriv« over thi* mul trmtorr, nmclt 
of it nftwlr arqiiirMl, that lay in Sind, tli<> 
North- ^\'estl'^ovincu»,ol11J ihv I'linjab. The 
Khich boM', nrnr .\lTi>I<. wn-i mi'a'^tiiyd in 
lft51-3, aad the nottli-wt-st iliiiulaviin 
■erioa, cnunattRi; from the IK-hrn )>a-i<-. f.t- 
t«nd(^d to it, xrhilf from Hironj thi< Citlcutia 
gwal louKiludinalMTicswosi-iirrU-dw^Mward 
to Karachi, clociug on enothtrr bflsc-Iinc nr 
Kamchi. mcuuix-d in lS54'-*i under Wiiiif;hV 
inini«diBt«< aupi>rrinon. Wauf^h wa-s pro- 
motfrd to be najar in the Bengal imgio(.v» 
oa S Auf^. IH&T). In )H>'iG the grt<nt Indu^ 
Miiep was ranmeiu'ed, fonuiti); ttit* weat«ni 
aide of tb« nurvey, havjii^; llii> uxujiI north 
Of Booth Buppleincniarv nn'Tiff. TUc mutiny 
in IW'-'t aelBye<I thin work, which wos 
linblly contplotcd in If^M). In IWJfi Waiif^h 
UUUtat«d a Krivs of leTvlHnji Dpuration* to 
itttrmiae ibe b«iffhts of tht> bW-linos in 
tin interior, conuDtiiiviuir in the luiius vullvy. 
Iff wa* proinoted to be rc-^i menial li<>u- 
li-nant-cofoovl onSOSapt. ]8o7, and in tho 
Mno year waa nwnrdtid th^ {wtrnn'i* ftold 
ntdfll nt the Itoyal (iMigraphira.! Soriety. 
In the followiniiyenr bv was elected a ftillow 
of the Roval Socirty. 

Of all tliti Indian euney work which ori- 
ginnled during ^^'augh'» tenure of olTici-, 
Uiat of Kashmir was p^ritAiM moi<t inter^^t- 
inp, "P"'" ''''^ work Waupb employt^ 
Omonel ThoniaA G«>nJO Muntsomeriu [q. v.], 
aodibemulta in 18G9elieit«d awamleltitr 
of arknoTrlediTminit to Wau^h from Lord 
Oannintf, (h*t gijvern<jr-i^>neni]. During 
Waugh'd tfnim' of office he advanced the 



triangulatioa of India by 810,000 aqiuirv 
milM, and of this &l,000 wvk topngraphi- 
cally (urvBved. llv vaa pntmotcd to lie 
colonel oi»']8 Ft-h. 1861, and retired from 
the eervioe on M M»rrh follmvinff. He n- 
cinvrd tbe honomrv rank of major-jrcneriil 
on A«r. ll*ei,and in the B«in^ vi-ar he 
wjM knighted. The tneraUrs of the nin^y 
deitortmem pres<-Rt<-<i him, on h-aviii); India, 
with a fan-wi-ll addrcw and a Ber%i<r<- of 
plate. On his r«lin>ment he rvtided in Lon- 
don. He was a dt'imty-litutenanl of the 
city of I^udiHi for many yeara, a prominent 
meinber of the rounal of Lhv Jlov-al Qeo- 

frajihical Society, and it«Tice-pre*iJt>nt from 
SnT to 187l>, honcirarv owociate of the 
Geoirraphical docieties of ButUii and Italy, 
a ft^llow of Calcutta l.'niversitv, and nn 
active comoiiliL-v-mnn nf lii.» I/Oiidon Athr^- 
niciini Club, to which he was eleci«Kl hv ihi- 
cooitnittr^ for distinpuiiilird nerviw. ' H» 
(lied at hi* rwiilanet'. 7 J't'ii-rshum T«mce, 
Qtu-enV Gate, on 21 K-h. 1878. 

Wtiiigh inBrried. Hn.r, in lW-1, Jmephine 
(rf. liWfl), dflujrhh-r of Dr. \Villi»in Grahiitn 
of I-:dinhureb, and.Mtcondly, in IPTO, C*'ciliu 
Klixa AdNatde, daughter of Lteulvnaut- 
general Thomiu Whitehtad, K,C.B., of Vp- 
Inndft Mull, Lnncahiiirv. 

The refuIiH of ^\'auph'A work while aur- 
vrynr-geiiprul an^ given in some thirteen 
volumes and r.-port* d»pOBit«l in the India 
oHici', pan* of which, originnlly complete, 
apptar to havw U-en lost, IJu published in 
iWil 'Ini-lructioM for Topogmphical .S«r- 
vi-ying.' 

[India Offlpe Rocorda; (.Sir) aninenta Mark- 
luim'ii Mcmointof tli4» Indian Surveys; R«poE1s 
of th» Ornii Trigunomi;i.rical Swrvty of India, 
1834 to 1841 : Ulten* in the PrisnH of Im!ia, 
17 IVb. 1661; Tha )lilli.3l Jan. IMl ; B^^nl 
Knginfwrs Journal. Way 1878 (a memoir by 
LivnlooaDl-Colond II. II. Uoiiwin Aiirt^'n); 
Times obituary notie., 38 Kel. I&78 . fJfrofjmplit- 
ca! Hiigiime, M«rcli 1878; iVeiidonlialjSildMM 
to tlw Knyal n«a{rmpht«il SociHy Iiv Sir 
Ruihcrforii Alciick. 18*8; Profeask-oiil fnperf 
iKi liidtnn Knpini-iTiug. vol*, ii. and ii!.; Vlliart'a 
Adi^.-w.-Cinbr : its II«r<iai and M«D of Note, 
p. 423 ; Noiore. '28 Feb. iind G .June 18*8.] 

R. H. V. 

WATJGH, EDWIN <1817-I890), Lnn- 
amhiri! jtoi-t nnd miecelhuieuns writer, was 
horn Rl. KochfJalft on :!9 Jan. 1817. His 
fat !itT, n shoemaker at l-luchdate, in decent 
circiimBtiincPA, came nf ii Northtunbrian 
etock,andhad rewjived mmc education ut 
th« local grammar aclKxd ; bis mother, a 
woman of pivt^ and rustic intclligeaoe, waAi 
daufihter of Willinin Ilowrarth. a HoDemi 
and ragrart'p, who belonged lo wuth- 



LAncasliin.-. Edtrin wm nlno wliem bis 
futlitr tlkn], <iiiiJ durintf liiit niot)t«r's vn- 
tltiBTOunt to carry on I he oumdcm in a humble 
viy her povvrty wiut »o gml ibat for wveral 
yvnn it eriliir dn-ellmg waa livrowo and her 
son's hanii-, She Umghihiin. hows v<jr,tor«ul, 
His fatliHt Iiiid Uh ■ few bnokn, niid among 
tliu first wliiph IiR read with nriditv were 
Foxe's ' Ilook of Martyrs,' h wmpcndiimi nf 
Englisli hiaMry, and Knfield'n ' Sptaikor,' At 
•evtto he tvc^ived som^ Bchoolin^, but it ww 
of a fitful kind. Alrvady lici hnd to AMiflt 
Lilt motlivr ut n »lic»>-»tall whicli wtie kept in 
Itochdale toarket. At twelve he *ftni*d 
his Gret wnpeH M nrrniid-boy 1o n lucal 
prwwiier mid printer, lus imither heiug u 
ma1oii.<) Wesleyan. At twolv ho imt««'d 
the service, in tin* unmn ciipni-ity, (jfThcimjiJi 
Iluldt-n, ft ItAchdal.! hfwkftellcr and printer, 
ro whom two years fifterwards h« wni hiHind 
appmutice, and under whnm he l*;ftrnf>d tn 
oe B printer. Aiuon^ the booka in llolden's 
tdiop he fouiDd onportunitirs for r^Adiiig 
which ho had mn Known before. He read 
with c«K<Tni-«M any IiistoriuB of his native 
rminry. Fmm Tim ItobViu, ibo peeudonym 
of John Golli'T [ij- v. ), ht-. leanied something 
of the literary iif^e thttt could bn made of 
the i-B-ncasbire dialw'- UoliyV 'Trwlitiinw 
of Lanciwhin:^ ' ;«c« Hnnr, Joiisl introduced 
him to romiLDtic eplaodvs in I^ncavtiire 
family hiatory and to tlm 1r>|^ndary lont of 
hii jtntivc cnuntT. Ha in (laid to hnTe 
vistvd in eiirty life everj- locs-lily which 
Boby liBfl aatfoclatrd with a legend. Kc 
devottri'd poelry «.* well as prose. One of 
tbi> b<K>liK which most inHucn<.'f<l him wt^ n 
or>ll«ctioii of border hitllndti. Wnugh'a writ- 
ings bear Hhundantteftlimony to Lin intimate 
knowlt'dgfi of the chief Enitli^li poets. 

]I)B apprenticeship ftni-ihed, Waugh led a 
wanderinf^ lift', finding employment ils a 
journeyuinn printer, c!ii«f1y in llni iirovincc-s, 
but for a time in London. At the end of 
cix or eevvn yearn h» returned to Roclidide, 
and re-ent*red lloldcn'a service. It wiw 
prohabty due to thij active part which he 
took in" Mtablisbing a literary inntituto in 
Ilochdiile that he was appointwl about IB47 
ft*WBtaut secryturv to th« Lancaahire Public 
School .\Mocintlon, iho hcad<juiirt«rs of 
which woru at ilnncbwter. 't'hi- HMOCietion 
had Ijeen recentlv founded to advooito the 
estahli»hiiK^]il in Lancashire of a system of 
popiilni- niid unaectarian cduwition, to be 
nupnoried by local rates aad administered 
by local hiiirdi* elected by the rat«payfn9. 
The post wua a mudc8i one, but anbrded 
him leisure for original comp(i§i(iou. The 
reception of ono or two of hi» attumpt« in 
prote, (lefiOri[itioDS of rural rambWj which 



a^tpeaml in the * Manchester EjutiDinea-,' 
encourag<.>d him lo |»ep*orerp. In 18r»i>, by 
which lime he hnd beiome thu tfuvn tmvt-IWr 
of a Manchester prtuling firm, a local hoak- 
aeller pubU*h<!d Inn first book, 'Sketches of 
Lancashire Life and IjOcalilW (reprinted 
from llm 'Manchi!«t«r Examiner'). Ii4iiio«i 
distinctive filature waa the nicy humonr of 
his reproduction, in their own dialect, of 
the daily talk of the Lancashire people. 

The welcome given lo the ' SkutclKc* was 
chiuRy local, but discerning judtreH out of 
Lancashire recoguiaed their sterling merit, 
and Carlyle, into whost- haitdK the vfduiiMi 
fcdl, pronounced its author ' a man nf de- 
cided mark.' In ISTiH, the vear after the 
■fikotchea" was published, U'nngh gn-adr 
c-stMided his reputation by bis son^, 'Cotoe 
whoam to the cJiilder an' me.' It was ftrsl 
printed in a Mauchest«c tusw^paper. and 
forthwith reprintrtd, to be given awav to hi* 
customers, by a Uaocltesler buukacllcr. It 
became at onco immensely popular, not Mily 
in LancashitQ but out of it, and evini in tJie 
colonies. The 'Saturday K«vifw' c*ll«i 
it 'oin' of tli« most delicious idytl.t in the 
world,' and Mi^ t'duttK (now the Buvne** 
Burdtitt-Coulte) had some ten or twenty 
thoiiaand cnpLM of it printed for gmtultous 
distribution (Milnrk, p. 29). 

The success of this lyric largely influt^ucvd 
U'aughV 8ubMqn«nt career. It aenl his 
' 1 ^anoashin) Sbecehes ' into a second Mirion. 
Many metrical compositions still remained 
in mnnawript. lie now prcnared some o( 
them for pubUcalioo, ana tlivy Ki^eand, 
with many additions in the LancasbiN 
dialoct, iti hU ' I'ocms and Songs* (18£8). 
Offers of work poured in on him frots 
local editors uid publishers. About 1S60 
he detiTiniuml to d'-iiond srdely on his pen. 
and for flAeon vbbts, with occasional pohUs 
n-«ding:K frnm nis works, he made it suffice 
for hifi hUTiport. During that period he 
poured forth prose and verse, Songs, tale*i 
and chiiracter-skotchc!, realistic, humoroas. 
pathetic, which were illuittrntivo of Lanca- 
shire lifo in town and country, in lln- norlti 
m Well as in the south of the county, and ia 
which abundant ium was made of ite dialsct- 
BeflidBS theai! them were more or leet 
pict.nresquvly writ inn njirr&tires of tour and 
travel outride Lancaahire, in the Lake 
country, in the south of England, in 
Scotland, in Ireland, and cvon in llkiot- 
land. They were i^ued in various fomsi 
from the broadsheet upwards. One of hif 
earUer writings during thu prolific period 
describes in grapliic detail the districta nwl 
deeply alTucted by th<j cotton famine of 1^^ 

In ]S7(i, on Waugh's hi.-&ltb becomti 




^auton 



iofinn, a committw uf bis i.Biica«Liirv ail- 
miren took over bis eowyrights ntui ouhsti- 
latitl for bic prwariuiis Utemry gsins a tixttd 
nnnunl incfiiiit\ In I8SI Mr. CllH<Utone 
cuoTemM] oa Waagh a civil-liBl ntiiution a( 
90/. a ,vMr. Betwtwn 1881 KnJ It<8^ he 
|Mibliahed a collective edilinn of hw ■works, 
in ton Toliimes, finely and cojiiouiily iHtit- 
Irau^l. SiibMquently ' h* sent forth Lu quii-Jc 
euceeuion i new aerie« of povinii.' Tlf.-y vt'.rv 
prints singly io a ManchtHti-r nt^wAiiiiper, 
uul in 1869 thvy aQ<l soma •.'nrlier rernf« 
were ustiud aa voltiran x\. of tlii- rollt-rtir>> 
edittoD. He died on SO Apnl 18!I0 m, New 
Jtrighton, aimt^rin^-placvun tiie l^ncasUiro 
oout. IIU remains wt^n^ biMiig)it to Mnii- 
cbraler, and an ii May !iv wua buri(.-(i wIlli 
public r^-rftnontnl in Ktrnal church, in the 
vicinily of his domicilt for tnuiiy yuara on 
Kersal Moor. 

The poDularity of Wniigh'K writing wuh 
increasEMJ by bta dealli. A Diodtiratfly priced 
odir.ion of ht« eeleclfid wriiinjrs, in 'liirht 
volume*, tvaa i«fli]Hd in l^P'J-.l, ciliUvl In- 
hii friend, Mr. fJpoi^^e Milnfr, Tvhn pn>fixcd 
tu T<il. i. Kn inslructive aiid iiiterestitiK notioe 
of Wnugh. Many of '\V(iiij;b'i!i taafi;* }iav6 
been wt lo mosic, and a lUi of tbom occupit-A 
aevertl ^ngti of Cb«> mutic catalogue of (be 
Briti&b Museum Library. 

PerMnally Wau)^ wan a atribing iiptici* 
men of the Murdy, inilflpenilent, pfnin- 
Kpoken L.atica»liiru man. liia km^ Btrti|,'irle 
before he l>ecftm« known did not im- 
pair his i^iiiality iiud checrfultieM, and 
be wa.4 not in tbi- b-ajtl npoilt by »iicceu>. 
Emiuently sotiul and i^nvivlal— a good 
aingi-r a« wi-ll a* writi^r of nongs — he wa* a 
very plea^^nt cninpaninn and an admirable 
Mory-teller, especiallv if ibe stories wen; tu 
he lold in hif favountc Lnnmahire dialed, 
lie bas bt^t^n called tbo ' Lnnensbini Durns.' 

[W»ogh'» Works, MilDi>r'« MeQn>ir; pcr»uiiiLl 

■Ivd^p : ' Unnebcatttr Memorifui : vidvin 

Mffb' in r.iierory Itocolltctiona and Skuicbcti 

1). by the writnr oS thia arlicle.l F. E. 

WAOTON. [See alto Waltiin.] 

WAPTON. WATTON. WALTON, or 
"TALTHONE, yiMON be {tL l:iOGK 
M^lmp of Xoiwich, probably a ntitJve of 
Walton d'Kirille, Warwicbtbin' (DimuAi-K, 
WaiKij-khiiirf, p. TuiS), wad uuw of tbec-lerkft 
uf ICingJobn, and rectiived from him ibc 
church of Si. An.lrvw, TlastintfS, <in V April 
1306, and two other livinjffi in Ihr- two fol- 
lowioK yv*n. Uencted ad justice itiiieram 
for the nnrtb.rti coiintieatu lif-MJ, ftnd bid 
name coEstantly appears in kt«r cnmmiK- 
kion^ in I'VTi^ for various counliea; a tinn wax 
levied before him ia V2A7, bo that be may be 
TOL. IX. 



t\ Way 

bt-ld to have tliun been a judge of the com* 
mon pleaa, and in M'i'i b« waa apparently 
Hiif^fjuatioeoftbatfaenclifFfm). Tu l'2(>$bo 
wii* ])reiienled to the rectory of Stoke Prior, 
Hi'rcfordshire, bv the prior and cuuvcnt of 
\Vorceflt«r, and m Itf'jj received from ibem 
a leaio of the manor of nanrin|;;t.on, Wor- 
c^slerfhire; hi«rnun«ction with thucouvvnt 
doubtle^ being through itobert de Walton, 
ibu vhambtTliiin of chtt liousQ, possibly liia 
brut her. WalierSufltJd[q.v.],bt»bo]iof Nor- 
wich, having diedoa ItiMay IS'S", Wauton 
wax flni'l4-d Io ibiit, MX-, and obtainvd coiifir- 
mutinn from the V\ng and the pope without 
difficulty, but is liaid (o bavi; Epest a Rtrad 
Kiim tbroujih iTieiMien(ft^rs wnt bv liim to 
Itome who ubtained tbe pope's license for 
him to retain the re vcnncK of 'tis (•tbtTprefer- 
meala along with bi# bi*Uopric for f'jur yiara. 
He wa>i coiisecmted on 10 Murch Il'oS. 
LutiT in that year he uiia ona uf four biidiupa 
ituminoned lu Oxford Io nettle a rvform of 
the churc-b, apparently with special refe- 
rvncw to inunatitcriv9 ; but tbiHr vehi'nie 
eame to nothing. In common with thp Arch- 
bishop of Canterburyand John Mimsel iq-v.j, 
bfiwas commiiflionfrd by thepope to alutnlvo 
the king and others from tbe oath to main- 
tain the provi»ii>u>« of Oxford. Ilia coiuh»- 
quent action in that matter greatly irritated 
toe baronial party, and when war broke out 
in 1263 he had lollcc fur nifiigu i^ the abbey 
of Jtury tjt. ICdiniiuds. Jl« died at a grenC 
age on '1 Jau, l^t}5~(l, and waa buried in hia 
cathedral church. 

[I-'uHi'i JudgM, ii. AOS ; Blomafiald'a Kurfalk, 
ill. 493 : Mau. Paria, v. B48, 647. 707. vi. SGS, 
299; Cotton, pp. 137, 139, 141; Ann. ila Dun- 
»lap., Aun. d« wi)(urri., \Vjk(<« up. Ann. Monast. 
ill. iv. painim (idl Ilullii S«r.) ; Frndera. 1. 40S.] 

W. H. 

WAY, ALBERT ClR{Vi-!874), anti- 
quary, bom at Bath on 2:1 June 180Ji, waa 
tbe only boh of Lewis Way of Slanstead 
Tark, nwir Itocton, Suawjx, by hia wife Mary, 
daiiatjter of llerinun Urewe, rector of Comb 
Raleigh, Devonshire. 

Tim father, Lewis Wir (1772-lWO). born 
i->n 1 1 Feb. 1 77:;, was the second son of Ben- 
jamin Way uf Dunham, and waa elder brotJier 
of SirUregory Ilolniau Bnnnley Wavfq.v,] 
He graduated M.A. in ITiVt from Merton 
Colluge, Uxford, and in 1797 war called to 
the bar bjr che Sonety of the Inner Temple, 
lie aftwwards enterod tbe church and de- 
voted to religious work.* part of a \iasfi legacy 
left kim by a stranger, named .loan Way, 
He founded the Marboeuf (English protec- 
tant) Ohap«:l in Parii<, which waa completed 
by hjH KCiu. He wan active in acbemen for 
toe ooaveraiou of the Jews, but was not a 




little impoeed upon by unworlhy ouovurtA 
vho boeaina inmates of kit Imiuw, lienco 
MncDuIny'it luim : 
l^li, m/ri the prvrerb, haa Iii> UMt. 'Tis tno. 

Marsh Iotm h wnirorenr. CuhIm » pUj, 
Ilannut ■ f«Ioa. LdwiK Wnf a Jnw. 
Th» Jwr thp filvgr sputMiH of l.on'iK W117. 

Uo died onSrtJun. 1(^10 iTECVBr,**^. Lift- 
ijf Macaulatf, t^htip. i. ; cf. Xnt^n ttnd Qwrirg, 
fith RUT. xi.'j'ht, 7ih BIT. i. ft?. 137), 

AlWl Way wiiK t«JucHtE<d nt home and al 
TrinilT TnUi-jfe, 0«mliriHip>, whero lie gra- 
duaUii B.A. m 1.^29. and M.A. in ]8:tl. In 
tiarly life lii? trftv.01eil in Europe und tlia 
IIoIrLnndM-ith Lis father. In ]^'t9 ha vraa 
eleCtwi fellow of llie Society of Aiitiijunnt^, 
and was ' dirvctor ' of tfii' Micieiv from 
lft*L' till I84t(. when he Ipftl^mdon to livv 
at Wonham Manor. U'-IgaCf-. Hi* was a 
founder in Itl4ri of Ibo ArcUiL-olugica! In- 
stitute. 

Way wa« a Bkilfut drauirhlHman and a 
good Kngliah anti>]uiirv, who contribuied 
much to ihc publirntioim of the .Society of 
Antiijiiarii'!! and olhir societies llin prin- 
cipal piiblicfUion wfw liin Wf;ll-known tdition 
for the Catnden Sociuly of the ' i'roinptoriiini 
Pan-ulonnn»iv«Clcricorum"(18.|;( (k^,4to>, 
the Gngliah-Latin dlctioiutry compiled by 
Oeoffivy thL> prammftrian fn. t.] Way di.'d 
al ItantH.'.! on 'J2 March \Sfi, It« marriM, 
SO April 1M44, Kminplin*. daugliter of Lord 
Stank-y of Alderloy, by whom he hod a 
daughter. Hiit widow premntod lo lh« So- 
ckty of Anii<]uarifts a hnndrcd and fifty 
volummof diclionarie* and glossaries from 
his library, and two rolumfs nf lii>> dntw- 
ing* of prthiiitoric aud othor remains. She 
ako prc-scnted to the socwty hi* finp collec- 
tion of iinprcs«ion« of uiediKval HfalR. The 
aooiety pouesiies a wax mvdaltioo portrait 
ofAVayby It- C. Lucas. 

l.Vnntial Rag. 1874. p. 147; Prao«iKlinf^ of 
Soc.of Antiqaariaa,lft74,|ip. IDBf.; Burka'sIliNt 
of Ui« IVimmonan. ».v. ■ Way «f Dnnlmtn ;' WanE'e 
Monoftho rtt-ign; Brit, Mae, Ciil,] W. W. 

WAT. HiR OUEOORY UOLMAX 
BUOMLRV (I77fl-Ift4l). llcutcnanl-gent- 
ral, bom in l^ndon on ^i* i)i!C. 1 770, was fiftli 
mn of Bpnjamm Way ( 1740-I><08), KK.S., 
of Dfnbani Place, l)uckini;^lmni»bin>, M.P.for 
Bridport in 176^, and of hi.* ivifn Eliwib«tU 
Anne fl'Jtt-ISSni, .-Ido^t d«ught,-r of Wil- 
liam Cooke (1711-1797) [q-v.], provost of 
Kin5'8Cr>llegM.Canibridjre. HiaifnindfathM, 
l«wiB Way (J. 1771), director of the South 
So* Company, thfldrarendant of an old wmi- 
eountrrlamily, first settled in Budfinffham- 
fthire. Tliaaunt Abigail wa* thewifeof John 
Baker Holioyd, first earl of ^huRield [q. v.] 



He entered the amy aa ensign in the 
fi»ot (Camvninians) in 1797, was captured 1 ^ 
French ]iririit«'nt when he was on his waj 
to join tus re^ment iu Canada, and wa« i» 
lainnl a pri»nni^r in France for a y«ar bdbra 
he was exchanj^ed. tie waa prainoud to be 
lieutenant in the Sotb foot on 3 Nov, 1799, 
and sailfd with hii* n'^rimeiit in tlie expedi- 
tion under (leneral Vif^M on 2** Mnnli IftlW 
I for iho .Mcditt^rranean. Arriving at Malta 
in June, bo ttwk part in the fiog» of VnleCta, 
whichcnded in trn'oapitnlnl ion of the French 
on '> H«pl. Ilf n-tiimed lo England in ISOii 
was promoted lii hf captiiin in th>^ 'A'Ah fo 
on IS Auff. of thai year, and shortly all 
waa plooea on hnlf-pay on reduction of tl 
rvifiment. 

AVav waa brought in as captain of 
Sth foot on 30 Jan. 1603, and, afti-r M-rvii 
1 in tbo Channel Inland*. enib!irki.-d with 
I reiriiiicnt in the o\pedilioa undt-r !jr>rdCBt 
I cart for the liberutiuu of Uaoovcr in ' 

but the veasel in which hi- saiW won - 

[ oi' the Tcxul, and he woe taken maoaerl 

I the Dutch. Afl»r hi* excbanse E« smiled 1 

' thu end of October ISOtl in tV 

nn<W Major-general Robert Crauford [q.T. 

originally deittim^ for Chili, to Cape 

VvrI, St. llelena.andiheCapifofCnwd Uop«, 

wliftncf, in uccordaucc with order« receivud 

there, the exptKlition mailed for the Iliver 

PIa.tr.', arriring at. Montn Vifteo in the be- 

?:ijiuing of June 1807. where it jo(ni>d the 
orce under numeral .lobn Whitelocke , q.v.J, 
of which \Wy wa-i A]tpoint«d i\a«i«tarit quar- 
t^Tirasler-general. Al ihe «tonatiig of 
Buonotf .AyTv-« Way led the right wing of 
the infantry bri^de. Uo returned to Eng- 
land ntttr tho disOAtroua captlulation. 

Wav wa» promoted to ne nujor in the 
29th loot on 'jr> Feb. IPIW. H.- *.>rved nndw 
fiir Hn.>nt Sptuci^-r off C«dijt. and with him 
joined Sir Arthur Wrlii-alry'i' «rmT. landing 
in Mondegn Bay, Portujral, on .T Aug, He 
toot( part in the' Imttle of Itoli^a on 17 Aug., 
when, on (niining llw plateau with a few 
mi^n and onicers of his regimeut, bo, whwi 
charged by the enemy, was rencned from 
the bayoaet of a Fr«neh grunadi»r by ihu 
humanity of Genemt Brenier, und made a 
prLMiner. He was exchanged in time to take 
p;irt in the operations in I'orliipiil wlmn Sir 
Arthur Wellwley retnmpd in April 1*00. 
He crimmandtid th<- light iornntry of Ttriga- 
diur-geneml IL Stewart's hrigo'lf, which l«i 
the aJdvance of the British nrmy, and was 
present in tlie artiona of tliL- piuaagt- of the 
Vouga on 10 May and tlie heights of Qrijou 
the following day, at the poange of the 
Doiiro tutd capture of Uporto on Iho 1 3th, und 
in the mbsequent pursuit of £3oult'« aruij. 



Way 



H 



Waylett 




At llic Utile of TKl&VBTt an tbo ni^ht of 
£7 Jalv \\'%y took part witb bU rvjjitnv'nti 
vodmriihyir-gexifnl Hill, in thf gftllnni 
repubwt «l tli« point or tbe bsfooet ot ttie 
Ffpnch Mttmek of llit- Jwiphla on lliP left of 
tliP Britisii positiod. He wu present ftt tlie 
l»ltl« nf Riuaco on 'JT Sept. 1810, and kt 

on tli"» th]\ of Ilia lii^ut*u«nt-i.'oloo(?l, he suc- 
oeed»d to tb« comnuiDd of ihe 2l<lli foot 
durinff the actinn. for wliirli h'^ ri*c.-»-iviJ (Ii>' 
aedol. Ho was hiniM'lf, in charcing with 
hi» K-^nravnt, nbol tbrouKh th« Iwwy "od hia 
leA arm fracturMi at the olinuMpr-joint h; * 
"■ ii*lii-ti>ti<.>t. He wa« promoted lo be brevet 
ftitvn»nt-(!olonel on 3ll Mny )^Il,ftnd on 
ly of tiie Nune year wiw g^Kzetted to tli« 
im*nd of iht •."Jih foot. 

his return to Koi'laiid in 1812 uitli 
Bki-lutfin ff till' :fi'lh rvffiinent (aboiit 
i-ffcctivr- mcnl, H'ay by con- 
enion reforai^d thu coriw, sad 
flcoan<] time for the Pcnin.^uUt 
in IdlS. In 1814, bowavi-r, tbu cQWt of 
eiitsftta and wound* C(>ni|»'llLil him to dm 
torn to Kn^land, wheu fi- vftu* placed an 
iIk balf-pay lii>t of tb4> :^2nd fool. For his 
•ervioM br vma kniphtMl tJie ««ne yoar.wo:* 
'. «o Btinuity of 'HOOJ. tar his iroiinds, 
lived permiMion to acMpr And vcar 
igaitk of B knif^ht commander of the 
' order of the Tower and Sworvl. 
jaialuDg tliu ooiamuid of the :iUib 
)t hi^ was pi«*«nt«(l br bi« bruthnr oiri(.-«ra 
a TaliuMe piece oi plate as a memiHRto 
'their e^itecin. 

In i^^l-^ Way WAR mad^; a commnion of 
• < I- t)u' Batfa, militarv divnion, and 

■"d toUifrslAtfiixdivpulyadjutanl- 
gmwTui 111 North Britain. Hu n'lti pronwted 
to b» ooloDol in thf army on Hi July 1821. 
On t^ abolitiou of his ^talTairp'jintmvnl in 
SoAlud hewaa nominatf il, i>ii 7 Nm-. \itS2, 
colouil of tbi! 3Td royal T.?teran bart&lioii, 
wbicb wafi ilivhandisl in 1^2H. when Way 
wu plnoad on balf-pay. Ho wa.s promoted 
to b« nujor-gtmi-nl na 22 July IHCtO, and 
liMIfloanVpRnwal f»n S^i Nov. IWl.andwos 
grpon tbv col'jnelcy of the iNt W<^i Lodiui 
nffnmenx on *il Nor. Iku. He died at 
Bnffbl<ia OD li) Feb. 1A(J, and was burit-d 
intne fiiintly^-aull at iJrnhaui cluirrh, IlucJc- 
ingtwimthifr. Way marrifd.on ll> Afay I^IS, 
Ibrtanur!, daughter of John Wf-yland, of 
Wo<xWton, '.ixfonUhirp, and W<M>dri«ing, 
Nrtrf-illi. He l«fl no imu*. 

f:-(r Keiwrda: tkapotchas ; Itoyal 
.V ndar. IBM; VTorlu on the I'onin- 

•nlur »iir. Uailod Serri^w Jrinrnal. 184t ; 
Baiha'B Landed G«Btrv; Gvst. Mac. 1814. i. 
«7.1 ' K. H. V. 




WAT or WET, WlLl.LVSl (1407?- 
1470). trovoller. [See Wei.] 

WAYLETT, MtiK HAKUIET (179*- 
IHAI), artrew), th>' dauj^bttir of a Datli 
tntiltutman named Cooke, waa bora in Uatli 
on 7 Feb. 1798. She eomo of a theatrical 
family, bet uncle being a m<-iubvr of tliu 
DniryJiansoompuny.ivhilo.Mr'i. We4t[q.v.] 
was ner couwn. After »i:t>iiiii{; u>nie in- 
Klniction in miL<<ic from oq«i of tbv Lodnv 
of ituth [tec Lot>£ii, Juii.s' Divio], aba ap- 
peared on thit Bath Mtagu on. HI Mnrcb It^IH 
lu Fllvitui in W'. R. Hi'wvtsDa'a ' Blind Boy.' 
In thit fiilIowiii(( Nran'm pbtt aiijw-arnd as l<eo- 
iiora in thi3 • Padlock " and .>ladffo in * l.ov« 
in H Vil]»f(«,' and pUyt-d in Bristol and, il 
ia said, Brighton. fVvnn afV^r rhi« limp she 
uccic>m|innied to Louden a Captain Dobyn, 
' it^inal whom her father broiig^Lt an aciK-ii 
fof loM of serviw, which was tried at Taun- 
ton and compronmed. Sbe then acted ai 
CoTentiy, wherf she met and married in 
lislVf Waylett, an actoi' in thoeompany. In 
, Ib^ Bho woa at the Adelphi, wh«ire «he was 
I thcori^ualAmyllubaoilLnl'lancb^'Badapta- 
I tion of ' Kenilworth,' mid thti fir»1. 8ae lo 
ber bimhand'e I'limeSt in MoncriL-fl"* 'Tom 
and Jerry' Sbr nlayi-d sa Mr*. Waylett 
Late Mi«6 Cooke of Bath. In ISii'A alie waa 
ju:(iii^ ill Birmingham under Alfred Bunn 
't\. \X playing in 'Sally ' Boolb'a part of Koae 
. Driarlvin'HuiibiLndgtLnd Wives. ]I>.'r«ing- 
in; 0^ ' Itfist th«>. Babe,' in • Ouy .Maiioer- 
', ing' eMablifbud ber in favour. Ciculy in 
I the ' Heir-at-Law ' and Th/!r«ti> in ih" pidce 
»o-uamt'd followed. She plarod Hve parts 
in '(.'hop* and Changc*r or Ibo Servant of 
All Wurkf'aud wosMeooa Ji>nny Oommon 
in ' Wild Uata,' Klien in ' IntriRue.' .\Uddin, 
I.ucy in the* BiTftl*,' Cherrrin 'Cherf?»nd 
Fair Star,' Pdtcli in the ' B.'isy IMv/tattlu 
in * All in the Wronp;.' Susanna in t*!)" ' .Mar^ 
rioge of Figaro/ FvlitciUa Tomboy in tho 
•Romp,' Diaua Vi>rno«, Slary in thct ' Inn- 
kee[ier'ii Baiifrbler/ Cbambennoid in the 



'Clande.4tinn MHrnam,'JMaicB,.Marianite in 
the • r>mmni!Bl,' Cilan in 'Claei, or the Maid 




tytogei 

ried,' Biutrre in the * tocoiutant,' Zelinda in 
the ' Slave,' and in many other cbaract<^ra. 

It. was aecordinffly with a fair amount of 
experience, with a large repertory, and witli 
a reputation aa a chambermaid and a aingvr, 
that Mn. WnyleU accompanied liar nunagpr 
lo Drury Lane, wbtirt-at ahw appeared ma 
Mod^ in 'Lore in a Village* on 4 Doc, 
l8tM. Tfai? KUNtointnl and exceMire eulogies 
which bad been bestowed on her in iho 

o2 



f 



littl« imposed upon by unwortlij cunvi^rln 
who bi-uimo inmiites of his bousu, hence 
MacjiiiUr*'* line*: 
Eoi'li, any* Ihc proverb, baa hii I4tt*. TU Irno. 

Uansvt B ToluD, Li-win Way u J«ir, 

Thp Jow tbn «ilror sponns of I.nwii Wiij, 
He liiwd (.n Indian. 1S40(Tkktel»«s, ii/f 
qf JIfaraWaj/, chiui. i. : cf. AVm ttnd Qutrirf, 
Trtli WT. xi, 4r>a, fth »'-r. i. S", 137). 

Allwrt Wny wan et^ttcnrcd at home and nl 
Trinitv Colleifo, t'ambriJa:«, where )ie (fra- 
annroii R.A. in ISSfl. nnA M.A. in IKU. In 
early life be tmvollLHi in Eiiropu and tliu 
HolvLnndivitli hia father. In lA'I!) \\k wiim 
elecli'd fL-lUiw of tilt' Sociit V of Antl<|unnt<ji, 
and wna ' ilirt'Clor ' (vf ifiM »oclr''v fnini 
1841' till l?4lj, when bt- left London to llvrt 
«t Woiiliiiiu Manor, Ufi|(iit<<. He was & 
founder In 1S4'"> nf the Ardiipoln^icnl In- 
6l.it lltv. 

WaTTTfts n iikilfnl t^raiifililsninn and n 
Rood Kngliali nntiquan,-, who coiUribtitud 
much to the puhlicAlIons of the Society of 
Antiquaries and oiliitr iKXiiottcH. His prin- 
cipal publication was Iiia wt>Il-kiiowii t-iiif ion 
for Ihw Camdt-n Socit'ly of the ' Protnptnrium 
Parvuiorum*ivi»('l«rirfjruui'(|rt4.'!-tt-J, 4to), 
th« Euglisli-Latin dirtionsry compiled by 
OeiiRriiv till! graminiirian \a, v.] \\ ay died 
lit Oanni?.^ on 2l' Man-li 18. -t. III.- uiatritd, 
30 April IS-U. Emxnt'Iinp. dHUiflitoi' of !,ord 
Slanlt-y til' Aldi'rliiy, by whom b« hnd f\ 
daujrlitiir. Hia widow prpiit'nlod to ihoSo- 
cii-ly of Antii|unries a LujidrBd ftiid Ulty 
voliimcH of diiirionnrif* «nd Klosuitiea from 
liis library, and !«-■> voliim<?« of liix dniw- 
inff» of prr'hii«toric nnd other remaiu.4. Shp 
bIao prf«i>'ntfd to the society his fine collec- 
tion of impressions of mediu'vnl dutils, Tim 
■ocitly pouvMoa a waK mfldiilUoii pori niit 
of Way by K. C. Lucmt. 

[Annttal Rag-. 187*. p. H7: l'roec*«iinfr* of 
8<)c.of Anti(inune>,lS;4.r>p. ItHSf.; ltur)c«'«Hist 
of ibBCinnuionMii, »,*. " Way uf Dfluliam ;' Wapd'e 
Mtii of Ihft Reign; Brii.. Ma«. CaL| W. W. 

WAY, Sib QUEfiOKY MOLMAX 
BUOMI.EY (I77fl-1844\ lieunenant-geao- 
ml, horn in IjondnnonSS Dec. l""6,wMfifth 
Bonof Benjamin Way 0710 180S), F.R.S., 
of IVnhani Ilae*. ItuHtinifLADi-ikirv, M.P.for 
Qridport In 17(3>', and of his wife Eliz«b<>th 
Anne (174(WHao), eldest daught-r of Wil- 
liam Cooke (1711-17f7) [q.v.], provost of 
King's OoUeg^ijCnmbridKi-. iri^prandfather. 
liBWi* Way (it. 1771), diroprnr of tho Soulh 
Sea Coriipiinv, tluidesiL-ndont of aDoldwesi- 
oountrrfaTnilyjfirjrt (tetllpd in Biieliinf{ham- 
ahinr, Itixnunt Abigail wbh the wifu of John 
Baker llolroyd, first earl of Sheffield [q. ».] 



He «nl«red th« arntj as ftisign in the 
fool (Catnernniaiut) in 1 707, ttus raptu: 
Freni-b iirivatf^rd wh«n b* was on bis way 
to join b» rcgimf>nt in Canada, and wa^ A^ 
tainwl a prisoner in Franice for a ye«r bdun 
hi* wn> oxcbaagrd, He wu promoted to he 
lieutenant iu lh« ^'■th foot on 3 Nov. 17^^ 
and Eaik-d wtb his n^f[iment in the *"« 
tiou iindi-r Ouu<>nLl I'i^'ot on '^ March 
for the Meditt^rranrau. Arriving at MnJ 
in June'. \w took port in the tdege of Valoit 
whicli i^iidrd in tli>-capituhitionoftJieFreni 
onSSept, Hert^tiimedto Kn^land in 1^ 
woB promoted to \v> captain iii the iJcb fi 
on IS Ana. of that year, and ahortly after' 
was placed on half-pay on reduction of that 
n^friment. 

Way waa brougbl in a« caplaia of the 
«th foot on 20 Jan- 1803, and. afier iim-ing 
in the Olinnnvl Inlands, L-nibarhed with his 
njg^iiuent in tin* exiwdilifin iindir l^jrdCatb- 
cart for the lihcmtion of HannTor in 1*36; 
but tho Twotf I in whifh hi* Hilnd was wrecked 
ofl' the Texel, and lii> wa« talifn prisoner by 
thp Dutch. After his exchange he failed at 
the end of (Iprobi^r IHOti in the expeditio 
under Major-gpneral Itobert Oraufurd \}^-\- 
originally d^-stined for Chili, to f'ape d 
; VerdiSt. UeU-nu.iLiidthL'Capi; of Good Hope, 
wht-nce, in acconlance with ord«r« rMm' " 
there, the expudittoii sailed for the &t 
Plate, arriviiiit at Muntu Vidvo in the 
pinning of June 1807, where it jouund 
forcf under Uonural John Whltelocke Cl''*l. 
of which Way wan nppi>itil<td BMistant quai^ 
ti-rmesier-geneml. At the RT^nrming of 
BuetiOM Ayre* Way led the right vinR of 
the infantry brieadi'. He retiinii^d to Eiv 
Innd after the di»astroii<i capitulatioo. 

M'nv wa« promoted lo do mi^jor in the 
^Vh foot on •ih Fob. 1)^08. He wrrtMl tukdv 
Sir Brent Sppncor off Cadis, and with him 
joined Sir Artliur Wullwloy'ii army, laiidiof, 
■n Mondepo Bay, Portugal, on 3 Aiig, He' 
took part in tho buttlt* of lioU^a on It Aog^ 
when, on fjainiiifi; that plntinaii with a few 
muD and oiBtrerR of \ua regitoent, be, when 
charired by the enemy, woa rescued from 
the Bayonet of a French grenadier by tic 
humanity of OetierQl Bremer, and made a 
priivoner. Wc wa» evchangod in lim» ta t 
part in thi} opcraliom in Fortuinl wb«n 
Arthur Wellealey returned in 'April 1809. 
He coumandeil (be li^bt infantry of BriKa- 
dier-gonernl R. Stmvart'H bri^df, irhich W 
lh(? advance of the British army, and trts 

tirr-sent in the actions of iho pMaagv of Um 
i''oupn on 10 May anrl the heights of Qrijna 
thki following day, at the p««sage of the 
Bon ro and cuptur<! of Oporto on the lift b, and 
in the euba'oq.ueiit [lursuit of 3qu1('ii %rmj. 






le a i 




Way 



83 



Waylett 



At the balUe of Tslaren on the mgfat of 
27 July \\'»j took pBrt with bin rvf^iiDvnt, 
aiMlL>r Major-gvncrnl HUl, in tlif gallnnt 
repuUfl at the point of th« beyon«t of tho 
Prennb attitck of tho heif^ht? on the left of 
■he British positiutt. Hv wai> |>re«eiit ni IIk- 
baitlt^of Biuaco on 'Si Sc-»t. 1810, &nd at 
tbebottluof Albiuinon IG May Ictll. n-hiMi. 
on thp fall of his Heutwiiint-co!on«l, hf snc- 
ceeiletl to thv command of tho 2J>tb font 
durioff tb» octkin, for which lit- n-^-fivixl tin.' 
mwlnl. U» WBS hiituwlf, in cliar^ing with 
his ni^iinnnl. iJiot lhrou);h the body iitid his 
]^ arm frutiirt^d nr the tthouhlfr-joinT- by a 
inii8k«t-«fKit. He VBSproiiiot«<l to be brevet 
lieuteiuint-coloael on 30 May 1811, and on 
■1 July of the aame year wa« gmz«ttod to the 
enrnmnnil of the Lihh foot. 

On his rtituni to Knf;land in It«l2 with 
the tkelrloii of tlif iJSilh rr>i;iiiient (nbuiit 
ft bundred efFi-ctivc men), Way by con- 
ridarabla exertion nrforaMtL thv corpf, uid 
emlxurltDd a second tiroo for the Penimuln 
in 1813, In 18U, howvrer, the oflt-ct of 
cliraittR and wounds conipi>II(>d him to re- 
turn to England, wheu \\%i was placed on 
the half-naj lUt of thu i!:^ foot. For hia 
MTvicm be was kuigbtcd tha same ycar.wib' 
atruAod an Annuity of 300/. for hia wounds, 
■nd received permiMion to occtspt and wear 
the insignia of a Imiglit couitnandwr of tUt* 
PortuffucH Oldor of the Tower and Swonl. 
On nUnquialuiig the commend of thu 2i>th 
foot h>.* was presented hv hia brother ollic«ra 
with a Teloable piece o^ plate as a memento 
of their e«teieai. 

In 1815 Way was made a comjiAnion of 
the order of thf Rath, mititAry ditision, and 
-WM appointed to the Btftfl'os deputy odjut aut- 
geoet&I in North Britain, lie wo-" promo'ixl 
10 be oolont'I in the army on 19 July 18LM, 
On the abolition of hi* <iIairiLppointu]>.-iit iu 
Soatland he was nominated, on 7 Ni>v. \t*2-2, 
colonei of thu 3ni royal vtiturun baltalioji. I 
whieh was diaband.-[i ifi IS-JB. wh..Ti Wiiy 
■wms placed oa half-par. He wsa promnr^'d 
to be major-gen^ntl on ii July Is;i0. and 
lieutunaot-geaeral on '2'^ Nov. 1811, and was 
given 1I16 colonflcTof the 1st West Indiao 
regiment on HI Nor. 1843. lie died at 
Brighton on 19 Feb. 1844, and wm buriod 
in the femily vault at Denham church, liuck- 
incham shire. Way inarri'-d, on 10 May IS] 5, 
Murianne, daughter of JnUn W.-yI«nd, of 
Woodeaton, (,>Aford«hire, and Woodrieing. 
Norfolk. lie left no Uone. 

fWur Office BeMfds; DeapatchM; Royal 
Military Calpodar. 1S2U: Works on lht> I'cuia. 
Biikr War; Uiiteil Service Jnumn], 1841; 
Unrkiif Laoded 0«Dtty ; G«iiL Mae. IStt. i. 

isr.j B. H. V. 



WAT or WET, ^MLIJAM (Hor?- 
1476), traTeller. [See Wry.] 

WATLETT, Mrs. nAltHIET {179ti- 
1^51), acln>,<t.i, tin- rlaufrbter <^ a Bath 
t nut MM man named Cooke, waa born in Buth 
on 7 Feb. lids. She came of a thra.trictkl 
family, her uncle being a member of the 
DrurrLinGcompany, while Mrs. Weitt[q.v.] 
was W coucin. After rocoiviuf! some in-, 
sl.ryclion in iuui>ii' fruin ont- of the Lodt 
of Bath [sL'f LouLii. John Uaviu], abe ap-' 
peared no thv Hiith riagf im Itl March 18iB 
H^ Elvina in W. R. ITewptfion'a ' Blind Boy.' 
In Ihit fiiHowin^ season she appeared OB Leo* 
nara in the * I'adlocli ' and AlAdare in ' Love 
in a Villofce,' and played in. Bristol and, it 
is said, Briehton. Soon oAer tliis limti aha 
BceoiDpanied to London a Captain DubTn.: 
Against whom her father brou^fhi an action' 
for lou of eervico, which wne Cried at Tann- 
ton and comproialted. Sh« then acted at 
Cov«nlfy, whL'rii shu oiet and married in' 
1^19 Waylett, «u wlor in the company. In J 
1^20 she was at ths Adelplii, wher^ she was 
thvi>ri{^iial.\inyl&>liHartin 1 'I anob^'s adapta- 
tion of ' Kenilwonh,' und thtr first. Sue to 
hiT hu-baiid's IViim.'fit in Moncriurt"* 'Tom i 
and Jerry.' She phiy.d as Mrs. Waylett 
bite Miu Cooke of Bath, lii 1B23 shu wan 
noting in Itirminghaiti under Alfred Uunn 
{a, v-T, playing in 'Sally " B-wth's part of I 
Bnarlvin'Uuabunil.tund Wivi»<. llerstng^'' 
in^ of ' Keet thee. Babe,* in ' Guy ilonnei^ 
ing' estabtislied hvr in fii\-uur. Cicely in 
the ' Heir-at-Law ' aud Tlifrise in the piece, 
■o-numud followed. She pkred five piorta-^ 
in ' t;hops and Cban^iifs, or tlie .Servant of 
All Work,' and wtw &nen as Jenny Gammon 
in ' Wild Oats.' Ellen in ' Intrigue,' .\laddiu, 
Lucv in the' KivalV (^njmrin ' Cherrvand 
Fair Star," Patch in the ' Busy Body.' tattle 
in 'All ID the Wrong,' Susanna in the '.Mar> 
rioge of Figaro," l^riifcilla Tomboy in the 
'H^mp,' Diana Vernon, .Mary in the 'Inn- 
keupur's Daughter,' Cliumbermaid in the 
'OUndeatinR Marriage,' Ji^^icia,. Marianne in I 
the ' Dmmatlst,' Chui m ' Clari, nr tho Moid 
<if Milan,' iu whirli ttht* xaiig ' Home, sweet 
no«no,' Lucetla in thi^' iSnapirious Ilnabond,* 
Clenipntinn.VII-spicointhe' Way toget Mar- 
ricd,' Bimnre in the ' Incon.*tant,' /elinda in 
the * Shtve,' and in many other chtLroctiirs. 

It WHA acoonliugly with a fair atnount of 
experiem'i.'. with a lorffe reperiiory, und with 
a reputation aa n chambermaid anil a singer, 
thai Mrs. Wayloil acfompBDiedhermaTiag<'r 
t') Drury Laiie, wliirt-nt she appeared og 
Madge in 'I^ove in a Village' on 4 Dec 
18IM. Tliij su«1-ained and exceesivo eulogiM^ 
which had boeii bestowed on her in the 



Ob Taariiy. 1 1 Aynl 1 UT.Oani^ml Bos- 
fort dwa ms WilBcbefCcr. Umr. it i* et> 
deat, neeiTM] prttue sfvv o£ tW <tm1 oa 
ife MB* ^r, ud !■— iliMiiy wTon wtfe 
MWiti iiifMTiMfitifit WaiB^iln Sir 
to ihB hUbomit <A. m A). Oh W. 
day, 13 Apnl, IW dKeiiJ kcicr 
iLe TKCkacjr ud f t rnjii ag Ea—» to 
to iJwtiaa ra Amm^AtJ to tk* Ida^ 
Lenen pU«m vm uMfd. doled ChaMr- 
bttiy, II Apca, fmtiMt WqriitBte riloij 
of ^« touonEtiw of th* sw (AtfL ML 
» Ilenrr VI, pt. S. n. SA. Oo 14 Afnl 
^ Bud^ lus tint Maeatatioa. Tb* oayf 
iHirt onder iIm piitt woI h doud 16 Afnl 
■t Cuitetfcorv (Rtmb, .FMm, sL l&S^ 
On Ifondaj, 1* April, tlte jnor aadchnur 
n»d« R fpraul rvlum of tlw olTtirM Yh* 
Mfal b«U iwwiwriaf WftjtJeta lifcop 
bemUw«oriTdM««f10H«T. OaSJoar 
WftjTiflet« toMi llwQftt&nf fealrv tAtbekiof 
ia pereoo (Lk Nets, /oifr, uL 15V U« 
4 Jane tb« tcmpoTtlitiM vcn* &-«iii*Dt rr- 
itored(>*<nlrra,xi.l7:>l On ISJaaeWVyn- 
fletc mads Mofc — >an <d coiKUUcal obedicoM 
ai Luibotb. Bo VM BBao i cr i od ot BUo 
oa 13 iolj; on 18 Jolj Iw neenvd ibe 
epirittim.litif^ He htldfaiKfintgcamlotdi- 
■uUon on Siindar, :2S D«ir. fnQnwing. «t 
Etoa, br special lic-f nse of the bbhop of I Jo- 
coin. Od \9 Jul. 1-M? b» wu rntbitm*^ al 
Wiochetl«r in prcMocK of the kioff. Hotr^k 
dkoiee wss ckorlT a penoiul pnKraaoe. As 
Jotin Ckpgram. t hi- cont^roponnr ehromicli-r, 
drjlv remarlw, WajnAetf 'cuiu, ul ]Hitatur. 
doDuio nigi habelur, oon t>m |in>pl«r ecien- 
tiiHBaolntaremqttuiTitosienlibem.' Kenrr 
himself, in «0Bi)(iiing to Wai-nfle(« a fwra- 
mount plAM unong the «T«utor» of hu aill 
(IS Marvh 1448), exprevMt hi* atiacluueni 
to him fCiuytiutB, p. 318). 

Lil ill' iDOT« th«a • yoor after his edvanev^ 
tnant WavntlRte obtoiaed lMt«ra patent. 
datf-d 6 May 144S. for thp foimdatiuB of a 
hall dndicaltnl to St. Mary Magilalcn iit tbr 
universitT of Oxford. I(a charter was dated 
20 Aiig." 144S (W.xin, Anf. |.p. 307-8; 
CHA!CUt.BR,p. 3.10). (ts object waa th« atndy 
of theolojij- and philo»ophT. 

Tht; r<;b(llion of Jack" Cad* [see CittK. 
Joiuc] at WLit.<iuiilide 14')0 Snt brouiclit 
Wftvnflel*' into contact wi'rh ihu turbulent 

Solitica of iho ]>eri*xl. On ibe mominp of 
[M)da]>, 6 Julj", fade having retreated into 
Soutbwark, an ariElatlet waa praelaimed. 
WaTnfIi<ie. who * Tor •oaieaafiBgtiard laie thru 
al Jlaliwpll'<IIoi.iMi>)iBD. Ckron. iii, 2'JtJ'), 
the priory iii Sh'ir«Iili-b | >UtTi^:cii, Hul. 
«f London, •ii\, \:7i, ii. 136&I, antl not at 
hie Soiithwark pnlare, nKvivtMl a numcDons 
la attend a council in the Tower. Thence 




t 



Wayaifce. visk ocker locda OVracBru^s 
<Sra«. p. 708). ffoeoeded to treat with Cade 
ia tW AtiA of StlCtmnt, Southwarb, 
withia kit on Aoeeae. lie reoeired Oade'e 
be of mavaaeea^aad fcoauMd both a gene- 
lalfama ladvtkoKnai caal and a special 
oao to Gtade lr«^ft*^ The itumffenta then 
SmmmA tnm Bo atk w i dt. But ou I Aug. 
14^4 a ipucial cgaiMJaaoo was LMiir^d into 
Kaai to nj ikoae vko, after the proclama- 
taoa of fortoa, Ind nmaitwd in mma at 
aad Roehealar. The romnianoe 
Wajnflelo* name {Pat. RUU, 38 
Uenrr VI, pi. ii. m. 17). Manr execat'utna 

ft lit r. M.I 

Bihiad Code'a rcfceUieo lay the Bympathiv* 
of Ike TerfciiU, tad ikan are a^ that 
Wayaflcto's tntorrwBtioii allimatc Jy i nrolved 
km ia foraidaUe o^um. In ivipiemlwr 
1150 dJatolanoee broke out at AVim-hriit^r, 
tke dtiaens ivAuiac their cuatonarr duf« 
at St OiW fui {HmL M88. Cb»%«i. App. 
to 6tk RepL. p. eOS\. It ia poauble i bat thf 
deapatek of a aoanet of ooe of Cade's ad* 
be*«al« Sot exhibtlioii in that city had pro- 
Tokad initatioa (Ptoetedmsr* of tkt iVi'qr 
Onatnt, <L 106). ThecitiMna of W'incbe«t«r 
fuhmitled, and wetv paidoaed. Bui a more 
M-nou* atUvk thntttowd. On 7 Maj 14ol 
Wayafleto executed a remarkable doeuaeat, 
appMltag fin- pnateetian to the pop* and the 
amibiahop of Canli>rbniT. The raettals sbov 
that aome attempt was on foM to depri'ra 
hira of hia aee bT a proce** in Ibe Apintoal 
maTtM{Stfitir.lta^jlete,i.2,f. I1;1'h45D- 

i-Ek. pp. ee-7v 

At thtfl time neniy VI waa relyiug much 
on Wayofhjie's counaeU. They wero i"> 
nther at Cantt-rburr in August 14'>1. In 
Si-pT«mfoirr the bohop ismed from iH. Albaaa 
aeonuntsaion fortkeTisitatioa of hisdiocMe, 
alleging 'arduous aad unexpected basioeN 
oomwRiinic the king and the realm * (Cbasik 
LKK. p. OP). I'pon the approach to London 
«f Iiicliard, dukn of Yorlt, with an armv in 
^irh llAi. Henry d^^epatcbt^ Waytideif 
to mak^ terms. 

In July l4<Vt Honry VI becane totally 
paralysed. Hia son Edwarrl, prince of Wale*^ 
wa* r»om on I.T t»ct.. and ba)>ti!u>«l byWayn- 
Hex^ on ihv following day \KhsI. Vkran.. p, 
193). Oil liS Man^Iil-lil Wnynrt.-te. witll 
a commitiae of lords, vndt^voured to pro 
cure &Qra the Idi^ an auiIiori»ation for ilic 
conduct of the^vrmmeot by Richard. duke 
tif York, to whoDi! intt^itnblv aacendancy lie 
seem." to Save resigned himself. lie re- 
(lorttKl to thv House nf liordK thai ibeim- 
becility of the hinff rendered the errand 
fniitl(!*». During tu>« interrvKnum he wa* 
conMant in hi« atti^ndanees at the 



I 

I 




* 



pertiapA to watch over the I^aacascnui in- 
wnets. Oo Christmas llsj 14<>4 llvnij 
recovered, and rec«iTP<l WjiynflBt* in audi- 
euw on 7 Jan. 14&5 (l\t«t'fnLflf^r»,i, 316). 
But the dpfent of Henry VI bX St. Albnns 
oti 'J2 Msj* (oUowitiK reatorvd the VorkiHta 
to powN. Wayaflele now s/eem^ fo have 
SKppotttd tlifl mwlLTUto Laiica«trittn«, who 
deAinrtl to mtiuii the Duke of Vork in lli« 
king'A Hen'ice (KicuLAS, Pncredinffg, vi. 
2*12). lie Ktill rnjiivrd lh*> c<infiilrtim of 
IIcnTy, whoon 12 Juljr 1-I<V) iiominati'd him 
a life vUitoc of Eton and King's Collcftw. 
On 11 Oct. 1156, in (he priory nt Covfinirr. 
WsyullMe WB« appointra chancellor by tbo 
kingiFcedera, x\.StiS). There is no foun<lK- 
tioo for Lord CninptH^l'ii stofy that be wa» 
nonuinated because bU jrredecBasor, Tbumas 
BourcliieT[q.iv.], 'ri!fuM.>d to enter into tli>- 
pIol« fortlirt dttstruclioM of lli*t Yorkiiitii.' Aa 
a matter of fact, the Duke of York, at thiH 
very time 'in right good cuncvyt with tlit- 
kinf^' (James (.]rcaliainto.To1inl*aUnn,ltl Oct. 
I'lM), was pr<?»Gnt with his friends at thL- 
ceremony. \Vayntli-t4.>'i( Mlary ah chancellor 
wu 'XQl. B y&iT, probably exclusive of 
tee*. 

Waynfletv'K next iuiportaut public func- 
tion was HA aaiMMor at the trial of Uiahop 
IteginaH Pecock [i- v.] for hurutv, in No- 
vttmber 14-'>~. Wltntvrer polilirail animua 
may hart^ beim latent in this prtuecation, 
Wayoflctc's deDUueiution of Pecock's doc- 
trines in the Tvfunnrd itlntiittiH nf KiDg')' 
Cdkce, Cunbndg%,in8Ui>d ihre£< years befon^ 
is erideDCA that Mn p&rtirijuttion in thu mn- 
tmos igaioAt Pecocb wn.* nn theological 
grouods. 

On 18 July 1457 Waynfii-ti^ obtuned a 
license to found a coUt-gv lo the north-east 
of the orifliuiil site of Maj^duien Hall. Tbt.- 
charter of founduiioii is diitud I'i JurK* 1-16^. 
On 1-1 Juif ibn Micifft V nf Magdalen lUI! 
' aurrendcred up their bouse with its ap- 
purtonancM to thi* ci'dlf-gv,* the building of 
whieli was forthwith be^n. 

In September HftS civil war limkn niK 
AiVt»h. TIiP Laniyul rill IIS routed tlm YorkUt 
forces at Ludlow, and n coiit*iiiporarj' letter 
deticrib«fl Wayulleti^ a^ iiieeiiitcil ni;airiM the 
ingurgviit luad(ir» {Pmti/n Leflrrii, i. -IS?}. 
fAi i'O Now. 14^9 a packed parliiuneDt of 
Lanraslriaoa waa fURnnncied to fovvntry. 
'Wavnllittt.', a» cbaiio.'llni', (ipi-ufd it with an 
•ddresfl upon tho tAKt 'fp'scin Tobtsi et pas 
multipUcetur' IJiot. Part. v. 34'>). It is 
«ridi.'ril that he now took im active part 
•gainst tli« Vorkia^tfi. A bill of attaiud^jr 
agninsi the Duke of Vork and \\\* friend.'' 
■was (iaaac<h An oath of alleainnce and : 
Coafiruatiou of the aucceuiou tn Edward, J 



firinue of ^^'Blfl6, waa tendered singly to 
nrdK by the chancellor {\b. p, UGI ), who I 
on 8Jan. HA7 b^fn appointed ooo of the 
prince's tutors (/o-rf^m, xi. 3H.*)>, 

On 3 Nov. Hol> Sir John iVtolf [q.\.] 
nnmiiiated Wayiillel« evecutor of his will, a 
trurt which inTolved him in prnlrmgi-d con- 
trovensioa (»cu Pattvn Lcttera), tastolfhad 
directed the foundation of a coUpffn at 
L'uletur, which iu 1471 H'avnflele, with a 
iJis|)£Miiia(ii'iii from Sixtiiii IV, divertml to 
his own colIt<^< of .VI ngdalt'ti {it. ii. 402, 
iii. llfl). 

In common with tho chi«f olBcen of tho 
household \^'ayafletc resisDiid olfico in 
Houry VJ's tent, on 7 July 14H0, im- 
laediatttly prior to iht defeat of N urthampton. 
Like them, he t^juk out ■ gi<niTal pnnlun 
{Fir<lrrn. xi. 4^). t'pon thif a'cc«wi<in of 
Kdwsrd i\' , acconJin 



?l« Ij«)nnd, Wayn- 
Kinir Rdn-ard into 



Bt^n-l orin-ni, but at the U«t lie was re- 
fitorid to his ^oodea and the kinf^'s favor.' 
H(i crtninly i« Igst to sight for nyear. That 
the Vnri:i8t.a after Norlhampton again con- 
templated his punishment, and prohubly hi« 
dl'pri^^lt ion, may be iufi-m-d fmiu a remark- 
able leiKr on hki Ixdialf, dotud H Now 1460, 
and written by Henry VI, ibt^u virtually a 
priitoiier in London, lo Piiu II (Cuanolbb, 

p. airi. 

In Augnst 1461, when Edward IV went 
on pmgrws to IliLinpHhin:, the tenuuls of Kat 
Men or Kast lEi-iin and rNfwhpn.-, 'in prwte 
multiiiidu and nonibre,' pntitiont:'d thts king 
fr>r nlir'f fnim ortftiu wn-ice«, custotos, and 
dues which thi>bialio]iand hiaagenUwvroat- 
t*mpiin^' (n exact. According to the author 
of th« ' Brief I>iitin Chronicle' iCmndt-n Soc. 
IHH)), the tenants hud euiied WnynfiuUi, 
which suggDst^ that they vete pn-vi^ting 
un antivipaojd (."ecupu by i^ua, Lutt Mvun 
being near the const. "Edward, iKiwcver, 
not only rutcued him from vinletK-e, bat 
arreted the ringleulfm, whn«tf caae wa« 
tried tti the House of LorLi an 14 Deo. 
1 4tt I , whi'n jml(^f>nt was given for th« bishop 
[Rat. Part. v. 47'0. 

Henceforth \\'nynrtete appears to havB 
arqnit^Ct-d in the new order of things {Hot. 
JV/. v.401,.JW,571), On 10 Nov, 14t» 
he mceived a pardon for all facapua itf 
prisoiieri and fimv duf to the kinf; (C'iiAKl>- 
LER, p. &'>:!>. On 1 Fob. Uni] ho received 
B full pardoji f FteJei-a, xi. 830 ), in whi^h h« 
wu* accepird na the king's ' true and faith- 
ful subject.' Ihil on Howard'^ tlight from 
London upon. £9 Sept, 147D,\Vayiirtotv hiw- 
.vilf reh-A^ed Henry VI from the Tower 
(WARKWOitrii, Chi'm. p. 11). Tho relum 
of Edward IV, and his victories of Uamet 



I 

I 



Waynflete 



88 



Waynflete 



ckwbiirr, f(kl!i>w«cl bv the d«aih» of 
VI una Kdward, prince of Wales, 
left tht? LBiiC«*lriiin cntui- iii)[iL-l>-Mt. Wnrii- 
flcU- iv6» obliged to purchiuie anotlifr full 
pitrdoa on 30 Mbj- 1471 {Fmlrra, xt. 71U, 
ttifl timf by a "Ionti' of l,.'l;tJ/. (lUutuv, Li. 
S90). (>n ^ July 1-171, witb other peers, he 
took an iiatli of I't-ikltjr to Eilwnnl 1 \ 't. 6ld«-MT 
son [Edwuril VI {F't-ffem, si, "1 1), and wae 
hi-no'furth c-i-n.stftntlv at court. Steanwhile 
he waa comnluliiif^ lii« Lvillt-gc, lui well w that 
of Kton. Il*" fiiiislied oil" the Kton collnge 
building, for the greutDr pnrt at hU own 
expense (CnAyM.KR,Mi>- 137, l*i3, 1»U). On 
20 Sept. IISl Waynrli'!.' viaitwl Maplalf^n, 
Olid oil lije i'Jnd t'ntortairrtd Edward IV 
thei*. Hi' tocilt jinrt in Thfl lum^ral riTc- 
nionk« of l'3dwnrdlN' On IK April HM nl 
WiiidAor (IjAtRDSTTn, I.ftter» nml I'ntu-r*, 
i. 7). On 24 Julv 14HS h« (^ntcrtAini'-d Iti- 
cli&TdllUlMnafdalen ()7.. p. Idl). lu 1J>^ 
hfi bi'^aii the const ructioti of Ji IVoa school 
ttt Ills nnlivv plucu, L'iidi>wiii[{ it nith liiiid 
whidi \\v hndnorjiiircd in H75. This school 
Still Baurishee irndt-T tbu titk* cjf Mn^dolt^u 
C'ollifnf" .Scli'H>l, Wiiinllrs't. 

The countnnnncfi of a prylato no rfspccled 
aaWnyTifle'terJinnol fiiil <ohiiv('«lr>-iif;tl»-nnd 
thi5 position of Uidmnl III. ()n T> July 1 Ift-I 
th<- ttint: borrowed of him UK)/,, doubtlws a 
forced (onn, to bo Kpcnt in meelinp lliv ex- 
pected invaffioii of Ii'-nry VII. 

In Iteri-tnliiT UH,") Wavnflele r<>tired from 
bia palace at Fi^oiil liwaru lu his manor of 
Sotitli Wiillliain, lliini|>«hin-. Tlmm nn 
2ti April llStl hfi es.!<;ut»'d hia will, He had 
already ciimpli^ted bin mriRiiifiM'nt lomli and 
chunlrv in Wtnclipflt-T Cuiliedral, where ht* 
dirvcte<l that he should l)« buried. He Inft 
bequests in money to the nn^mbi-rs of the 
various religion* hoii«e« in Wiiicliester and 
of the colle^M of St. Mary Winton and 
Nflw and Ma)d^lali-u, Oxford. .MntoM nil hia 
Wtjvtim in liiiid b« devised in trust for Maw- 
diilen Tollego. On 2 .'Vufj, 14M be maau 
further proviwnii for Cardinal IWufortV 
Hospital of St. TroiM (riUNULtR, p. 225). 
He died, appareully of h cimpUint of lh» 
heart.on I'nriay, 11 Aujr. IH^tHfAiiniKM., 
Matermiii, ii. 07), having retained his ^'nscA 
to the last. 

Wnyuflirtc was of the Bcliool of episcopal 
KtatiMUicn of the Bfleentli und siiU-cnth cen- 
turice, of whom Beaufort undWulspy aru lUe 
leading lyiiw. Lil(« H'oUe_v, lie was u 
&TOurer of iFaminit, and ifl fven wild, lh"U)^h 
the atatemtfnt is donhtful, in hiiv« pfo\iiifd 
for the ."tiidyof On^-k at Magdalen (Cuasu- 
LKa,pp. 2t>7-^). He aeiWolsey on example 
In tho Mipprcwon of rcliRtoni* hoitt<f« f(^r lii.i 

~ieg«. An chftitcellor he left the rejmta- 



tion of an upright and prudmt adminuli 
of justice dWiHoKE \ EEiiii.p. 74), 'wariUe' 
wii-lding ihu wrt^'lit. of that nflicv' ( lioi.iX' 
KiiBB, C'Aj-irti, iii. 212). A .'ulogy of hiinby 
Laurence William of Savooa q-v.J. written 
in London in UhTi, i.4 printi-al by Chandlcc^— 
(p. 37(1} from Wharton's 'Anglia .Sacra|^| 
(i. S2t)). The paneffyrisl speaks of his ven«^H 
table white hair ('vi.^ui'ran<uieaiiilii<«'). This 
is the only conlribiitiun to a personal de- 
scription which has come down to mm. The 
piftvins which [irrfncen CbandliT'ii ' Lifn' tti 
taken either from a mask of the bishop's 
t'Hiify in Winclii-st+T Cathedral or from tho 
oi!-piiintine lit Magdnlen C'OlWe. If, a.s in 

t>rol»able, this is a portrait, \\aynflete had 
urf;e v.yi^i and t\ rt-hned countenance. Ad> 
other reprciieutaiion i-f him appcarB a» a aup- 
porl to the ciLthion under the head of lue 
cffijyof his father upon the tomberfctod by 
thu bishop in Waintlwt church, now removed 
to Miicdalfii Cotli');;e ctiApet. An elfigy of 
WuynOL-tL* lia« aL^o bucn puicud on the outer 
wi'Bteni wall of Kton College Ohapel. 

The bishop's youtw^r brother. John W»to- 
Hctr^, l)i!ciiniit ih-Hii <i\ Oiichi-sU-r, and died in 
1-181 (CitA.M)LKit,p.210). Chandler addui 
good reason for the conclusion that tliestat 
nicnt, Hrrt tmcfuble to Ciuillim {Di<piay 
JlfVtiliiry, p. 'lOt'; cf. ]1oi.i:«bhei>, Vhn. 
iii. 212: CioiiwiS, 7V /Vw^M/jAtM, p. 23; 
Ibat lliere woe u third brother, Iticba: 
Patti'n of IWIowf-, l>t-rbvi4hirf, in a fic'lioit. 
The urtna originally bom \y Wayntlel*! wefs 
*a Held fti»illy, ermine, and ■aVdn.' Aft«r 
ho bi<onmi> provo«t of Kton lie inaened 'on 
a chief of the second three Lilies sli 
argent,' borrowed fnin the shivid of 
College. Time anus have ever xince 
home by )fagdalen College. lie added 
his motto theveKc of tht' Ma(/uilicot, 'F< 
mihi tn&^na qui pntena eat,' slill remai 
incised over the door of thu chapel of 
coUwpy. 

[Will. Wore. Aniuilea. ed. 8l«v«ii»ou ( 
Ser. 1808). vol. ii, pi. il; Suppb-Bwnury 
aad Papers o( HfrnryV],/*. ; OoyUnd C' 
tinuatoc ta Gulp's Scriptorvs, i. 1dl-A!l3. 1 
land's Irinerary,(>d.]Iparne(l744'l: (rnaeoipiKi'l 
Liber Veri tain in. Loci a Llbro irVni«ita»t. nr 
suges selcctMi fromGascoijiiici'nTlicattiglr'.tl I) 
ed. Itogim (1881); Cornst'oiidiinpc'if IIibH 
Bukynton (RoHg Sor. .S(S).mI. WiUlains i 
'i TuSi- : I'^HpKmve's I>ib«r di llhtntnl/iii 
ricis, ltd. Ilingiwtiin (RoIIn Sar IH.^K), Peroc' 
RoprtHor of DYermucb Blaming of tLv C\ 
i-A. Balangtoii. i riAs {\Ui\\* Si-r. 18(jO) : I*i 
lifttiT., nd, Oairdnrr, ^ v.lic. [ \ftTl-!'). Three 
lorn til -Century ChronirlM, ed. Qftinliier (On 
Self, IR»fl); Nirolas'HT(isUm«nta Vetnalfl{l8: 
I'll), i.ani I'rixvaititii>iiH[id Onlinunrus of ttiaPri 
Cuuncll(1634); Gti-cory'sChroaicUnCanid. 




Hei 



Wayt< 



89 



Wearg 



1876): Endisli ChnniclD (Ound. 80c I8&6}; 
Wark-worth'i Clirtmide of ihe Fimt Thirtwa 
VmrB of Bdwani IV (Un.-l. Soo. I8M) ; I'oW- 
doTB Vorgira Tbrao Books (Caiod. Soc. I6II): 
Historieil CoUectiona of a Citicwi of Loiulon, 
«d. Gnirdnvr {CabiH. Soc. IBTfi); Onitlgn nnd 
Cooper's lUuitntion* of Jnck CaJt's K«b«lUDii, 
18G9; UoIinshMl's Chronicle of Iikigtand ( 1808). 
vol. iii.; Oale*» Rnnmi AnglKarum KcTinrnriiin 
V«t«rum,&c..Sn>U.l|l$$4, 16e;.l«Ell): loiters 
And FopoTK lUuMroUvo of tho Koign;i of Ki- 
cliaM 111 and Ucnr* Vl[ (nollo Scr. 1811), 
3 Tola. oJ. 4.Tiiir<Jii«r ; Mitt«niil< for the it«i|iii uf 
H(>nn'Vir.Svo!iL(;}tn1t«8er.IH73).ed.CaRipbt:ll; 
Hitrrtiioo'ii Dnu^ti piioii of Eiigtand pniGxad tu 
Boliiisfaed'!iChraiiK-lcH.vi)I.I.;Bu<liiiia'aWkfftfleli 
Vit«,4>xon.]G()2; Hiiff.ftfdda Hisiom Anglictuta 
ErclraiHitiiza. \6i'i ; Lanquet'a Clirooiclo, *J. 
Cuoptr, EpiionM of Chroutdn, l^iOOi Oodwin, 
Do PiB«uIibus Anisic Comm«ntftriiis. 1743; 
Wood'a Hiatorjr and Anliauitita of Collegfa nnd 
BaUs. ed.Guicll, ITSG; Jltmrne'e K>-Timrks And 
ColtMtione. od. Dabl^, 18KU; Goillim'a Uiif- 
play of Ilf-ralilrj-. «lh cdil. 1724; Le Ncvc'g 
FaaCi Eivl(«i3e Anglicanv, 3 vol«. vd. llnnlj, 
I8A1 ; llarwootlB Alumni KlonottMi, I7d7; 
OmiuMd'a lUat. of Chiiahire (I8I9). rol. iii.; 
Wnlcv^U'itWillinm uf Wjluimn AndlitaCullagoa, 
l!<>^i:Cnmi<b«n'*Li'ro»ofihL'ChAiic«Uor«.ia47- 
1849. IMitiwcll-U-Te'M Uintorjror VAtrn CntltfC-. 
1877; Kirbr'ii v/iDchmti-r SL-hoIan, 1888, adiI 
Anniiof wiacb«at«E Colltfrt-, 1892; Mitcra/s 
JUmtUTiyt MAfcdAl«n ColltRe, Oxford, vol. ii. 
FbImv*. I81>7 -. Itamaajr** L«urtuler «[»! Yurk, 

a vou nn.] i. s. u 

WAYTE, TITOMAS {JL 168+-1«0**), 
rvgiciili;. [fit-* WiiTB-l 

WEALE, JOHN <17I>l-lflB2>, puhlislu-r, 
bom in 1791, oi>mnifliicecl bti«Lii>i>«s as a ptib- 
lUber at. 59 nij^h HolhoTTi nbout I82U. lie 
powecwd A wiile ktiowlcdgv of nrt, and touk 
% pATticalor iot«rMt ia the studv of ar^'lii- 
baeluni. In l^:i3 Lu iMuvd u bililioi^apliicul 
'OAtolOigue of Woriiii on Arcliilocliirc nnd 
the Fine ArU,' of wUidi a new pdiiina 
BjipwnnKi in I^>4. lln fullnwitil th<' ' UiiLh- 
ta|;ue' in lS-19-.'JO witli n ' Itudimi^iitary 
DictionArr of Term* nw-d in Architectur*, 
Bnilding, Aiid F'n^mvring,' a work wliirh 
leavh^ B fifth editioiL in It^76. Ilu was ou 
intiniAte tcrma vritit mAny m^u of acience. 
A« one of ibc firai publUlit:r« of clifjip cdu- 
CaUodaI litcntlure he did much for teclinical 
educsLioH in F^n^Iaiid. HtA ruilimL'nlary 
■orieaaud educatioiiAl MriMcoiuprixi-d kIiiii- 
dard works, bath in i']a»i» and Bcienre, 
Thoy wOTu ooDtinii^O after bi» dt>atti l>y 
jamon Hpreut VirtiiR [a. v.] Wenlfl ilii-d 
in Lvadon on 1$ Dec. I8(^. lie vna tbt; 
fatUerof the Aiui(}iiArTand hiMorlan, Mr. Wil- 
liam ilcnre Jaiues Weole. 

il«»idcfl ilic works mentioned he published : 



I. 'ASeriM of Gxftmplca in Architectural 
Euginc-vrinf; and Mvchaaical Urawiog,' Lon- 
don, 1841, fi>l.. aupplemenlal * Description/ 

Loudon, 1S42. I'.'mo. 2. 'UurigiM of oriit- 
mcnliil rinlt-a, tjO<1u<'.^, PaliMtding, nnd Iron- 
work oflhc Horal Parka adjoiniDgthe Metro- 
polia, editfd bv John Wfiilr,' Ijoniinn, IfMl, 
Ibl. 'A, 'Tlw *n>i«>ry, I^ractice, and Archi- 
twture of Uridaus of StocB, Iron, TitnWr, 
and Wire, cditea by John Wt-iLln,' Ixindon, 
It^lS, '2 volf. 1^vo\ a supplein«nlal Tolume, 
edited by George Itowdon Bumoll and Wil- 
liam TiitrnL-y Cluiku, iippi'iirLsI in 18->3. 

4. ' I>iv«)r* \Vc>rli«of enrly Musltra in Chris- 
tian DpcoriLtion,' London, lJ^46, 2 volti. fol. 

5. 'TbuOrunt ISritiiiu AtlimlicSlrniti 8hip,' 
Ijondon, 1N17, fol. it. ' letter to Lord Jolin 
ituiisell on the defenow of tL« Countrj-,' I^on- 
don, 1847, 8vo. 7. ' I/indon exhibited in 
It«ii; London,lH5l, J:>u2o; 2nd edit. 1*^62. 
H. ' lliMkignaand ICxAmplcAof Cottaei-'S.Villns, 
niid Country Hoiiiiv«,' lA»udou, 1857, 4lo. 
9. 'Kxaiuul*?s fw Builders, UarpenUrB, nnd 
JointTi^,' l^udiiD, It?o7, 4iu. 10. 'Su'iun 
N'Mvi^atiuii, nlitiKl by Jolin VVeAl*-,' Iiondou, 
1858, 4to and ful. H. 'Old English nnd 
Prench OmamnoUf.comprining 244 ilp.nijrnK. 
Col!«-t€-d by John WealiV London, li^8,4to. 
lleedited ' Weale's Q unrterly Puprrs on En- 
pnecrinff," London, !M3-ts, 1! vow, 4lo, and 
* Wiwlr'jt Qwarn'rly I'aperp en Architeoiure/ 
London, 184^-0, 4 vols. Jto. 

IGenU Maft. 1863, i. 2413 ; Ward's Mon of th« 
lUigri ; Allilone's Diet, of Kngl. Lit.] \i. 1. L*. 

WEABO, SiK CLF.MKNT (lflW«U1726), 
itolicifor-^i>n«nil, i<on nml ticir of Thomas 
Wearjt of llnj inner Tempie, who niArried, 
in 1<J^9, Mai7 Fletcher of Ely, waa bom in 
London in It&W.and biipliit-tlal Kt. I5otolpb 
Witlioui. A Idersf-aio, wLiro his ^rand- 
fallivr, Thouiaa W i-aiji, u w vnliliy unTcUnnt, 
livi-d. He ift Huid to liave been at rcteriiouse, 
Camliridp- (I)VUB, Pi-ivile'fes of Cavibr. u. 
L"J). IW- wiw ndniilfi-d utiidt-nt nt the Inner 
'IVniiiln on ^I'tNov. 1706, cnllud to the bar inj 
1711, And lieciimu bencher in t72.t, rcade 
in i'^J, nnd tri-a.tnn^riii 17:^A. 

^VeargH'As a MaluuawhicMndproteslAnt. 
Tie acted a» cbr counsel for llii; rt^wn ia 
tb« proM.-cutioti« of ChrittophtT LAyer [q. r.] 
and IliKhop Alterburv, And van onL' of tliu 
principal mana^n.'rM firr thi.> ciinimons is the 
Iriiii iif L(ird-cliancellor .Mut;elestield {Stal9 
Trial*, Tol. xvi,') In 17^2 fan contialwd, 
without Kticc(>»«S '^i** borongliof fihaflwburjf 
in I>iiR«f<t, bnt wa^ rfrturned for tb« whig 
borough of Uelston iu Coniwallon 10 Marco 
1723-4, havini^ bf-cn appointed flolicitor- 
geuoral ou the previous 1 Feb. About tho 
same time be waa created a koight. He 



Weatherhead 



90 



Weaver 



died lyf a violent (tver on 6 .Vpril 17:^, luid 
wu bari«d, in accordance witli Uio request 
is his will, in thcTompIcchtirehyardtimilAr 
& pUin roiseil tom)i, on 12 April. He edat- 
ricd £lii«botli, only dau^btt-r of Sir Jamu 
UouUgutq.v.J.cliivf UiiPJimf tlipexchi.>quiT. 
She died on 9 Marc! 1 174i;, nmi wiu biir»-d 
la Hm sun« grave wiih b^r hufiband on 
14 Uaich. Tfanr had n<i cbildnin. 

A volume piibliebed in i7ii:i confiiined 
'T(i« [{i-pli<wof ThoisiLs Re^ve ami Clt^msnt 
Wear? in the Hoiiw of I^onls. I:^ Mnj 1723. 
uaittet tfaeDefeocetiuideby tbuLat«lliibo{i 
or Rocheater «id bia Counm^l.' Curli a-Jvi>r- 
tiwd Ut« ID 1726 tbt! publication of six 
volumes of ' Caau of ImpotencQ and Uivorct!, 
bj Sir Clement Weare, latu Solicitoi^one- 
ral.' Curl! wa» altocked for tbi* by * A. P. ' 
in ibu ' ly^udon Journal 'on 12Xov- 1726, 
aud twodav lutr^r Rwon: uii dlfiilnrit that 
a book produciid by him. and entitlflf! *Thi' 
Ca*i5 of Iinpot'-iiry m drbsted ia Enirland, 
Anno 1613, in Trial bfitweon liobert, Karl ol' 
EML']i,Biid the Ladr I'mnces lloward,' 1715, 
waa bv Wcarjr. It Wrts datod from tbe 
Inner Temple, ;K) (>cu 1711. Wenrg ibun 
had chambon in tlio now court (^yottt atui 
Quen'en', ifud bit. iii, ■501'). 

[Beiichpnt of Inner Tt'iiple, |>. GO ; Goal. Mug. 
1746, p. 1 6-t. A > Dncf Mi^nioir ' of Wd&rg mu 
pulfltnlioil liy bis rvljttjvo, r>«or;!(i Uuki', of 
Otay'i Ino, burn Htvr-u-luv, in IB43.1 

W. F. C. 

WEATHERHEAD, GEOHGE HUME 
(IrHOi'-lS-'jS), mwdical writi-r, burn io Btr- 
wicksbire in 1780 or I7!M1, ji^raduntiHl SI.I>. 
St Edinbur(|[li Univfreity on 1 Aug. ISKi. 
He iVHi* njlmitlvd a liicnttntii of tlix Coll**^ 
of Plivsiciana on 27 March ISl'O, ami (H.'d at 
Tile CottMR>«, Foijt'n CrHi'l*ark| near Bromley 
in Kent, on ■2-2 June \f>'M. 

Weatherbi^nd was tbe author of : 1, ' An 
Essay on llio Dinpi(v«ia biMtwotii En-sipclas, 
l*bU>frint)n, and l:^rytbcmH, witb an \\>- 
n^ndix on the Naturo of Puerperal Fever,' 
London, 1419, tvo. 2. ' A TrL-atiso ou In- 
fantile and Adult ItickelV l.otulon, 1H20, 
l:?mo. 3. ■ An Analysis of ibe Leamiogiou 
Spa in Worwithxbini," IR20, Svo. 4. 'An 
Account of t.ko Reulah Valine Spa at Xnr- 
■wotfd,' London, 188^, 8vn; Srd edit. 1»33. 
6. ' A Xew Synopni< of Xnaolrwy,' London, 
1S34, li'ino. '«. ' A redesirian TourihrougU 
Franco and iMly,' I/indon. 183-1, Svo. 7. 'A 
Treotise on Ilcadeclie?,' London, ]KVi, 
ISmo. 8, ' A Practical Treatise on the tVin- 
oipal DiKunes of ilw Luiijr*,' London, 1857, 
6to. 0. 'ThollirtloryoflLie Karly and Pro- 
Bent State of the Vcnece-nl Dlseusi' examined, 
wherein i» »bown thai Mnrciity nfver wiw 
necowary for it« Cure,' London, 1^1, 8to. 



4 

i 

«rlta- 
. !tM7 
It o nlr I 

"^ 



10. * Od the Hydropathic Core of Gout,' 
London, l!lt:;,8vD; ^odedil. 1843. Hedao 
tmnf)lat«d from the French of Ciabrid Imini 
a tniaiiite ' On the Sponiancoue Krosiona and 

' Perforations of the Htoniach in coatra£»- 
tiuctiun to tboM produced by Poiaooa,' Loo* 
don, IHIJI, [2ino. 
[BXunk'a OalL uf PbnL iii. 213^ Brit. 

|C4i.) EL 

WEATHERSHED or WETHEdEU 
SHED, i:iCHAKL>OFr</.1231),ftRkbiahof 

uft'iuiti-rburj", [S,w CRAXt, KtOHARb.] 

WEAVER, JOUX (rf. Itisfi), politi 
of Nortb LuHenbam, LincoliuhiiVi WM 
mitt«l a fntmnn of Stamford on 25 

I 1031 {lAniytl)ithire Sotet and Querie; i. 
In 1643—1 he waAJudgixdvocate to tbua 
of the Earl of M&ndiMtcr. In Nuvembo 

' IB4o he was r«tume<l to tb« i^iig parlta- 
tnvnt B^ memW for Stamfcnd, and in ItU? 
bL>came cuiikiiIcuovih aa oii« of Un most OtLt- 
Kpukcn members of the independent imt 
tliat ljc,dv(l'iSfcM?/Jff/«n»,i.490; ^ a: 

UUt. of' Independeiuy, i. JW, 108, 124 ,. 

In Jniiuarr 1019 Weaver wae oained odd of 
thf> comraisnionon for tryini; Charles ], but 
never attended anvofllieutiin^ of the ooBft 
fNALSOX, Trial n/C)iarU* I). In September 
lOCiO lie watt appointed one of thu four eon- 
misaionept for llie civil ^verntniuit of lifr 
land {Commons' Joumati, \i. 479). Someef 
lii» letters in that ciijiacity are printed in tits 
appendix to Ludlow^ ■ AU-moim' (ed. ItM, 
i. 492-503). In 1052 Weaver w»b sent 
to England tn n-pn-oent tb« vivwa of 
brother commisEionere to parliamont, but 
18 Feb. HUi:i the officers of tho Iriah 
petitioned for his removal, and on 32 
hw wn«, at lii» own request, allowed to rWff 
(I'fi. i. 319 ; Oimman/JoumaU, vii. I29t»ai 
*2m ; Jtffwrt on t/t- DuXtof IWttamTtMSS. 
\. iHi, fuA). On 14 April !tJo3 parlianient 
voted him Scottish Inuds to too value cS 
250/, ptT annum as a reward for hiaiMTiioMi 
whicli t!iL> I'rutectur euminuled aftenvardl 
for a pftvment nf 2,(XXJ/. (LtnjiAw, i. 401; 
CvSNfru/ru' JmiFnaU, vii. 278; QtU St^^m 
Paner^, IMm. I (164, pp. 200, 270). J^l 

Weaver repTe<<entea Stamford in both V^^ 
parliameiitH called by the l'rot«ctor, and 
Meadilv votwl vriili ihc rcpubtican opposi- 
tion, tu»U|[h in ItViO he Qitlr woeitred Iw 
election by ^rotcating that ' tua mind vm 
altered from what it was in tlic InA plri!*' 
raeni' ('ViivKLQS, Stat f Pitptr*, v.290,Sf0). 
Nono the lustt hv van excluded from theTIoms 
in SKptt-mher Iti^^l, and i>i)^vd tlie pfMMl 
of iLl- 120 members then kept out (MH(t» 
IXHKK, Mnnuriah, ed, 18."i.% iv. 2S0), Ai 
soon ss 1 hey were admittod Wca\-«T U^ 



ItM. 

1 




Weaver 



9< 



Weaver 



the Att&ck upon thv anthoritjv of Ui« new 
House of I-ord.' (Ruhthk, ParHamentarv 
Diary, u..Si7,4'29). In Itichard Cromwell s 
MrUAtneat h« once now rcprrsojitcil Stam- 
rordt and made innaj Hpneohva againrt the 
T&liditj- of the ' petition ' nnd ' adrico,' tlie 
uxuteiicv of tbt) otLvr hotuv. and thv adiui»- 
aion itf tbf! niemb^ra far Sci^tlaad {A. iii. 70, 
7fl, 11?. 34«, iv. 00, 104, 240; TiirBLOB, 
vii. ')G0; LrDLOw, it. M, fA), In Deci-mber 
1660, aAer the armr had tumud t>ut the 
LonfT parliammtt, W«nver nid«d Anhlvjr 
Cooper and others in wtciiring the Tower for 
the parliament (Tuukloe, rii. 797). To 
tbi6 z^fll hi- ovfLii liU idt'dicji a« a metnWr 
of (tie touDcil of slal« (L>ec. 31, 16i79), and 
his appointuient as commiwiuntr for the 
goverDiuenl of Ireland uiid the nmiiagi-nient 
of lUft uarr (LCOI.OW, ii. tSKJ; Cornntrtni 
Journals, vU. 799, 800, PlS, 825i. Hi- at- 
Mnded notiv of ihv tavating* uf ilic I'Duricil 
from dUiinclination to take Che oath altjiiring 
monarchy, n-hich was ie!)utn>d fnjin coun- 
cillorK, and AMUted in procuring the rvarU 
miMionof the eecladed meoibeTs (K-U?(5E;n', 
S^/i*tfr, p. 61 ; Cat. Staff, Ptiper*, Unm. 
HW9 00, p. ut), la conseijueuce, wliim 
those niiitDbcri were readmillcd he was affnin 
dccied tti tbK council 'jfotate (,!':} Fvli.lOtlO). 

Stamford elacted Weaver to the Conven- 
tion paFliaminit,but the return wait difijiiited 
and Lu vluction uiimUU>d {V'jfnmonji' Jtiur^ 
aaU. viii. IH). 

Weaver waa buriml at Xorth Lutlt>n!iam 
on 26 March 1(IW>. 

[Lineolnahlre NotM and QueriM, IK89, i. 62- 
63; Katil«'* Lives of th« Regicides, 1798, u. 
M8.3 C. H. F. 

WEAVEE, JOHN atJ73-17flO). dancing 
master, ton of John Wkhvit, wnH liaiitt«-t! til 
Holy CmHs, Shrewsbuiy. on i!l July 1^73, 
HiM fath<-r i» b«liev«d to br idontirnt n-itli 
'one Mr. Wearer,' a dancitii^ tnnsn-r in the 
anirBrwily of Oidbrd, who u named in u 
letter from Ralph Rathiir«t to Oa»coi(;TiiL', 
the Duke nf ttrmonde'tt eecretnry, 1^ Murch 
1675-6, ft.* having been received by tbe 
ehauceUorof the u«iver#ily • at a tiraw when 
there wai room for him,' hut ' i* now like to 
hu rninvd with bin family, heint; ^upplanltd 
by ilr. UiittiHtrr,' aiiotlwr iJanciii); mnnlpr 
(WA«TON,/.ifrf>f B««««f,p. I4l>). Weav,T 
r8C«irc«l Ilia ttiltication al tbi? frei; w-hoo], 
Shrewsbury. In early lifi^ h<- ru>t nn aa a 
danciue master in Shrewsbury, nnd is said 
tA liiivi- tftiiifht duncini^ there for thrco gtnc- 
nlion*, till ni-'arly the ela-ie of hii< litV'. lie 
WBB living tbvrf on lU March 1711 It^.wlieu 
h* wrote a letter to tlie ' Spt-ciutor' <^No. 
334, see also No. 41(6), announcing bia in- 



tention of bringing out a atnall treatise on 
danciny. which was ■ an art celebrated 
Iha uncipnts,' but totally iieglvcted by thit" 
uodenu, and now (alien to a low ebb. But 
his residence in Shrewobiirv was never in hia 
adult life continuous. Vrom 1702h«wMU 
actively associated with tbettlncal enter 
in London. 

Weaver, aud not John Rich ^q. v.J, at 
U cotnmonlv slated, was the orig-mal intro- 
ducer inti) f^nftltiiid of enturtainaLviit¥ which 
bore thf nuni'i of panl<jmimi?.'<. Hut by 
'panlomimes' Wwirer did not mean harle- 
quin entvnainmunts, but nitbiT ballets, oi^ 
aa he term.i it, 'sreniral dftncing.' a repltHf 
Bentation of eome historical incident by 
fimcttt'ul motions. In 170i Iw produced a 
mime uc Urury Lanu styled 'Tbe Tavern 
Bilkers,' which \m stago-mniiak^ed, uud which 
he det)cribe4 t» ' th« first euteriaiument that 
appeared on the I'n^lish Stage, where th« 
itepresenlul ion and Hlory woa carriod on 
by Unncinp .\(;tii)n nnd Motion otilj-.' In 
17t>7 Wpaverconijiosedanewdanceintiftefn 
couplet^ ' Tbe Union,' which wan pi'rfnnned J 
at cnurr on the quMsna birthday, 6 Feb. f 
Either owing to the tluctiialions of theatrical, 
ROTemmcni.or poitibty because hi? mime wa«; 
not Bucoes»riil, Wxuver did not put a eecomil 
on the stage until 17ltt; this was called 'Thai 
Loviis of Miirs and Venus,' and wa« 'an 
attempt in iniilaliou of the ancient i'an- 
tomimea, nnd the first tlint has uppean^^ 
since tbe tlmu uf ibv liuman l']mpcrur».' 
Weaver* subaufuent pejilouiimic enlcrlain'- 
menu were ' I'erHem and Andromeda.' \7M; 
'Orpheun find EurydiciV '"17 ; ' HnrlcMjuin 
tiini'd Judjff,' 171 7; and 'Ciijiid nnd Bacchus,'' 
171ft, ull performed at Dniry Lsne. These 
dat^s of iVunver's piecpa are giwn on his 
own authority, from his ' History of the 
Mimin anil Pnntomimps.' Moet. of them 
were pn.ihably ii^'ver printed, John Thur- 
mond produced »<omewhnt similar pieces for 
Urury Lanu bt-tweLti 1719 and 17^U. Kich't ' 
pniitomiini'ii wi-rt? prodtio-d at Lincoln's Inn 
Fii'Ids from 171" to I'^G. Weaver's 'Tavern 
Hilkem ' ■wji» n-vivMl nt Lincoln'* Inn FiphU 
by ihe yuiinjter Ilich on \'A \yt\\ 1717. and 
affiiin nt the same house '>a II Dec. 1737, 
under iht- nnmi! of 'Thf (.'heals.' 

Weaver himself sometimes acted in his 
rrpnscntnrions. In I7l'8 be imp<:rsnnated 
Clown, the Si^uireV Man, in ' IVrsuus and 
Andromeda, or the Flying Lovers,' an afler- 
pii'Cfl porfonnod at Drury Lane Theatrt'. 

Wi-avfT lujiifflit, to iBlubliiih a HchrM)! of 
patitomime, more like the modem baUH 
li'nrliiin, hut tbe public dill not apprecial« 
his etforr ; tlii^y pn-fi rri>^d j^rote^quR rlanoing 
and acting. lu 1730 he complains itiat 



Weaver 



9* 



Weaver 



ipecttton arv equaudvrine tbeir ippUaae 
on iDl«rpoiation« by paeuaMJtjcn, merrj' 
udrewe, tomblen, sad rope-ouieef 8, uid are 
but nnlj tuncbcid witli or «ticaura(ie b twtu- 
itlpl»er or jiut pKniomini)'. 

OnflFeKlTSS his 'Judgni^nt of rari»,' 
described u *n new runlomime Entertain- 
ment,' ftpDHtrvd 81 Uniry I^am*. Mrg, Jtootli 
■cted u IK'lcn, nnd Mt»s llaftor as Thalia 
(QBarixT, iii. :{li9(- Tlienr ww an varliLT 
poH'i:>rniancc. poMibly diirini; lIia Chmtrou 
of 17'd'J; ii is rt'fumxl lo in a l«tlor from 
Aaron Ilill [q^ v.], the dramiitiot, lo Victor, 
tbit att'jr, 1 Jan. 1732-3 (VirroR, Jfititoty 
of (Ac ThtatreM of Ijiniion anil liuhlin, ii. 
177>. It WHS {lenonned by hio pupils in The 
nvttl rijoni ornrth« niarkpt-hau§«at Slarews- 
oury about 17fiO (Owbs and Bi.akbw»t. li. 
162). 

WenvfT died at Shrewsbury on 'H .Sept. 
1760, aged 90, and was burit-u iu ilic itouth 
aiale of Uld St. Chad's church in Slirefrftbiiry 
on 2** Sept. (Atldit. M-S. 3li».S6, fol. ft5 A). 
Ho is diaciibMl aa lioing 'a litllt> dapper, 
diecrftil man, tnuch TvitpLtMed in thi' town, 
and by the Krxt |ier)|itt> in the tirif^libuuHiocid' 
(OWKH and Bj.\Ki:WAr, ii. l-'»i', «. 1 j. 

lie waa twict^ tniirrifil. Bv his first wife, 
Catherine, who wa.1 burial at. St. I'hA'l'^ 
^lirvwHbury, on 13 Si'pt. I71i, hi' bad three 
childfpn — Jnhn, bapCiscd on II May 1709; 
Kichard, buptieed on 3 Nov, 17ll>; and 
t!nt1i«rin>', tinjilif^d on 13 Svpt. 171-', all at 
Si. Chad's Chiirrh (67. C/MtTf Itryutrri. His 
aecond uit'e, Sumlhhb, rrho survived hiiu,di<.*d 
on ti Fob. 1773, ftffed 73, and iras bnried nn 
10 Feb. at St. Chad'i, Siiruwibury. Tbt- 
inoniimont waa dratroycd at th» fall of Did 
St Chad'i Chorcli in l'7H^ ; but thu inscriiH 
tioa is preserved in Addit. MS. 2120^, ful. 

Bi-jiides thi> piny* Iwfon- mimlionfd, Wen* 
ver publisbt'd: I. 'Orchci-oifrapby; or the 
Art of HitnciufT. b.'irig an I'naet tmnfllntinn 
from the French of M. F,-uilli-t.' l7(Hi, Uo. 
2. ' Asiuall Trealiseof TimeiiiidC'adwticeiii 
Dancinpr," 1706. 3. 'Tht' Union: a Banco 
writ down in C'tiiirflcler*,' 1707 (."1. 4. 'An 
Essay townrdi an History of Daiicinp,' 1712 
(tba work rcftirrt-d t'l in the Spectator, Jfns. 
334 nnd 4tMi). U. ' Aiiiitcnuicnl atiil Mechu- 
nical IioctiircH upon Dancing.' 1":J1 (these 
worv 'rw»d »l ttii" Acadciny in Chancery 
l«Be'). (i. • 'Hie Ifistfiry nf ch>.' Miinis* and 
Pantomimes, Sic. Also a List ofllie modern 
Knri^rlainrocms llul have bct-n rxbibitod on 
the Eiigliah Su^!!, eilher i» iniiialion of tho 
nncifiU I'lintoiuinies, or aflt'T the Tninnsr of 
the modem IlJiliiiiia,' London, 172^, 8vo, 

[Owea and Blakeway's Hint, of Shrmnbary, 
ii. 161-2, 24&; Itaki^r'a niograpbiii Dramatiu, 



no.' in 

■"" tit ■ 

4 



sua 

1 



ad. Reed and Jmh. i. 739: OolUy Cibbac^ i 
Apology; 'The Gmrnanf I-ji^lUh I^nUNaiaw.' 
by W. J. lAwrrti«c, in Tfao Tfaaatre fur Janoafy 
IS93,xsv. 38~3l: >l'aule: Pindtbefint Tm- 
tominc Cluwn,' by W. J. lawrcnee, iq tlia ^p- 
pleaimt lo the Ncwi-arilr Weokly Cbroo. 29 Pse. 
1804; 'TtM Falber of Eagliah Pantonime.' in 
the Pall Mall Gawtte. 2? Dec. 1897; GwMt^ 
Aoroantofth* Knglishtftac*; NotcaaadQa 
Sod KF. iii. 89. lU, 397 ; inTonxLatiOB tram ' 
LawKAce, e«g.j W. 0. D. 

WEAVER, KOBEKT (177:;-18&:i) 
gregmtionat divine and antiquary, bom at 
Trowbridg^! in Wiltaliire on iA Jan. 1773, 
was the arm of llichard Wenvrr, chithii-r. by 
hiK wife Mary. He wa& intended to follow 
his fathei'M tnidf, hut, profrrrinptfl stody for 
thi* congTv^tional minwtiy, he eniimd 
But htifhain Collw^;? early in 171.'-1, residing 
with tb<> pn>«td<'nt KdwarilliVilliama (t7oO- 
1813) [ig. T.I On 15 Feb. ]«02 he btKaaa 
pABior at Manaflrid in NottinKkamabire^ a 
cbarip) which he retained till his destlt. 
When he went to .Manaheld aOairs ware in 
ooDfnsioQ and the oon^^n^tion had been 
broken up. Hv reconittitui«dit in ldO''3,snd 
twice iniliir^-d thu place of wot«hip, in 1 
and in lHl'9. 

Wuaver waa an ardent atudi^nt <4 
Gn«kTe>itament,inwhichhewasaccasiomed 
tof^ve instraciion to rwidont pupda. H« 
also took an intenut in antiquitiee, ondia 
lH4Upiilili»hii) 'Monum4-nla Anttqua.oriba 
Slont! Monumt^nts of vVnti^iuitv yet n'maiih 
inir ill I h<^ Brit i^h Isles ' ( Umiion, l^ow), ia 
wiiicb heaseribf^l the riTnains of pre-Bomu 
limits tii Pbienictan influence (Uid tuppoded 
his t.bL-ory by the particular! of simiUr 
('anaaniii<ih niid Jewub monumcntGRii'^ia 
the Bible. ^^ i-aver di.-d al ManKbeld OB 
I'i l.)vl. la'f'J. anil wna buried in t.lu! grouid 
attached to Uui ind<-pi-ndcnl cbap»l. 

Buaides the work mentionml, he wa? the 
author of: 1. 'Tlw Scriptures Fulfillsd,' 
mvi-a lectures, l^^ndon, 1S2d, 8ttl % 
'Heaven: A Manual for the Heirs of 
IIejiTen,'Londoii,ls37,12mo. 3. ' Edueati.» 
bnsL-d on Scriptural i'rinciple», thu True 
Source of Individual and Social Happmeftti' 
London, I&;J8. 8vo. 4. 'The X^as^ut \l\u 
and Juhovtth'sTi'inple,' London, ]*fl40, \'2ato. 
6. 'ThiT Keconeiler: an Attempt to i>\hihil 
. . . th>! HtLritiiiny and (llory ot the DiiiB* 
Govemmeni,* London, 1841, Kto. rt 'A 
Complete Vivw of ruaeyiam,' Londi'ii. ■ '■" 
12mn. 7. • Diftwnt; its Character,' L 
1^44, Hvo. H, ■ Itationalism,' Liindon, i "-X', 
12mo, 9. 'Popery, calmly, rlowly, anil coni- 
prebensLvuly con«idi;red,' London, lls'jl.M'a 

[Cunenvgutional Veir Book, 1603, pp. S$M, 
Gone Xa^. IS&3, i. «;i.] K X. 




Weaver 



95 



Weaver 



I 



WEAVER, THOMAS (leift-ItWS), 

poetaM«r, BOB nf Tliniuas \Voa\«r, wtn bom 
Kt WorcMlvr in IftlG. S)-v<<riil ortii<; family 
were prominent mfmbcrs fir the Stationen' 
ComiMinT in ]jotniim. An iinrlr nf tlw po^ 
tutor, Rdmiind ^^^>av•*r (ma of lliomas 
We«Ter, a wpaver of Worcester), wa» fnim 
1608 nniLI his dMth in l(ViK an nctive Lnn- 
doD publisher. Tbi» I'Mmmul We«Ti-r'» son, 
utntlter Tbomns ^\'o&Tcr < the poetiLStcr's Rri>t 
OOUnd). bccami* ik fni-muii oflln; Sintioner*' 
Comjuny in ll!:??, w«a calh-il into tUn Itvcry 
in 1d33, uidi retiring from buHiuoso in I()?E>. 
■eena to liSTtt vntvrwl u n stiidonlof CJrnyV 
ha oa 1 Nov, IttW (Omy'^ lun Ilffieter, 
B, 338; AKIkn, Trannrrijil of H/tttionrn' 
OmUMom, iL 17A, iii. 68A, jr. ^, 33, 440, 
471. 4W). 

llu! po?tA&t«r matrieiil&tii^d from Cbrist 
Cburcli.(UfonI,on :.') Uarrb ItM^t-l.actlie 
sm nf visfat^eu, gradiiutcd T\.\. on lOOct. 
1637, ud M.A. on .11 Junf< UH>. In 1641 bo 
«rHmftd«OD««f th«cluipbtiii«orpettjcanonR 
of the caUiedml. He wsa » aturdj' roy&Ii»t, 
Atld W1W »)C<»ntinply i>j(irti*d frnni liiji oftic* by 
lb/! TKvrlianipnliiry vj^itnrB in IHll* (Jt^^uter 
^ \ ititon to (ixjard, C'tundpn Soc. |>. 431 ). 
Coder tlieCrtmmonwMlih b'^ 'flhifttd from 
plactt to pltirc and lived upon hi» wits." 
Like lUcbard Corbet, Witliiim Sttvidi', *nd 
flthortvaJdent irmduaO'v nf ''Urisi Chureb in 
holy orders, lit' was an ndept at liifbter | 
forma of Ten«, in Trhicli \\v took n mon: in- 
dulnnt view of butnau frailtiv* than i* ordi- 
oarily ndioned becoming in the clcriul pro- 
fauiOD. In OctoluT 1<I'>4 thcr^'was [iubli»hed 
K collection imlitliMi ' SonifM and I'oemH of ' 
Ijotp and Drollery, bvT. W'.' It was dedi- 
e&ttO 'to my nio«t obliging fri>!nil K. ('. K»- 
quire.' The rene hIiowh flome lyrirnl capa- 
city, and deals &«e]y with iLtnurDiiH tci{iicH. 
Many of the pi'.-CM wore uliit,^ on ihf* nuchor's 

E>Iitirsl anrl thenlogioil I'oea; of tbew. r 
ilbid,'to the tune of "Chevy ChiiKo'" (ji. 
21), cill'.*d '■'LvvX ovt'riieaied, or a relation of 
a lamentable flr«whicbhftpned tnOxonin a 
rdigious brotkcr'ii shou,' jiruwd uspvcially 
obnoxion* to puritan*. 'I he ' religious brother ' 
whnm Weaver sazcasticaUy d<<iiounix'd wa« 
Tbomat WillianiB, an Oacfonl niilliiiwr, who 
belonged to the flock of Denry Comiflh, the 
preebyterian minister at All naintV Church. 
Tbci work wiw d^-ctared to be sedilioim and 
libtflloiiH, Weaver was arrested in London, 
was imprisoned and tried onaenpital chargt^ 
of tn«soQ. At the timl (information about 
wfaicb Dtfm* only «cce»*ib1« in Wood's 
'Athean'), tba book waj produCL-d; but 
the judge, af^cr rr«dlng aomi^ P^S^* ^f '''i 
siimnied up Btronglr in favour of Weaver. 
He WIS uinllbig, d* mwI, to ooadvma ' a 



seholar and a man of wit.' A verdict of ' not 

guilty ' was njiunwd. and Weaver wv B«t 
at liberty. Hi» booh i* rar*- (^Mklok. -4ne?- 
A)te», vi. M-9). Periwi eopttjit wv in thft 
Drilixh Mii»<niR and in Malone'ii cotleclioD 
in thellodldanLibruy. A pcwm by Weaver^ 
calVd 'The Arebbisnop of Yor'kV \i\y\ix\ 
Williams'*] BereU,' wm wprinted from bis 
book in some ediuonn of thi.- works of John 
Cloavclaiid. Weaver is in no wav nis|Knuiibl» i 
for tltu cuHi^ctioD of verse called 'Ohoic 
Drollery with Songs and Bonnet*,' whic 
imLtftlvd his title and wiu) published in IfJAS,] 
Furlh»ir Njn-ciinen* of his po>.-try are nid^. 
however, In be found in misc«l]ftnio« of tho 
date. 

On the restomtion of Charles II in 1600 
Weaver was, according to Wood, made ex- 
ctatman or colU>otor of customs for Liver- 
pool (cf. Vat, ataie Paym, ham. 1070, p. 
A46). Wood furlh*.T states that hn wa«j 
commonly called ' Captan Weaver.' He die 
at Li«-erpool on :> Jan. lt)*12-8, 'iirnsuouting' 
too much the crimi-a ofpoeu.'and wa.** buried 
tUere. 

To Weaver bas been freqiientlv SMribcd 
u itwoond voliitnf of verse, eulitfed *Plan- 
ta^etfl Tmgicall Story : or, tho Death of 
King Edwaixl the Fourth: with tlie uti- 
niiriimll vnyegv- of Kichiird the Third througli 
llie Ked Sea uf hia N'uphi-ws innuciml hloud, 
to his ueurpe«l Crowae. Melaphraevd b; 
T. W* . f J.-nt. • I, London, by F. B. for George 
Badger, I(V17). A portrait uf the author, 
ongravod by Blarshall, i* pn-lixi-d. The 
first book is dcdicaHad ' To the truly heroick 
Edwattl Uenlowes, Ksquirv.' There are com- 
mendatory verses by 'I. C, Art. Mag.,' 
•S. S.,' and 'I. 8. Lincoln's Iiiu." I. C. 
refers to the Burpajming merits of the more 
serious work of t lie writer, whom he di.iBcriboS 
a? a Boldier and a scholar, and addresses an 
'Captain T. W.' 'I. S. ' writes in a like 
vi'in, and calls 'his i?ver-hont>urpd friend 
Captain T. \V. ' u ' pL-riVcier of poetry and 
patteme of gallantry.' The second hiiok oJ 
tbu iKiem is dedicaleil by thti author to 
' D, W.,* and the work is tWlnred to bo ' the 
oflspriugof a toiuHry-muse' (wnh Fbt, Bitrtto- 
ffrajih'ml .VrmoHab, 181(f, pp. 1 U-:il), A 
copy of the book is in thi- Britisb Mu- 
seum. TnCerna] evidence fails to connfict 
the f hrf>nicii'-po>'m with Weavers acloiow- 
ludt^cd vereo. and at ilie time of its pub- 
licnlton in !tW7 Weaver was a chaplain 
of Chri«i Church, Oxford— a rank which 
would not allow him to be de«iguated on a 
title-page ts 'T. "W. Gent.,' at to be greeted 
as ' captain ' by his frinnds. 

IWrHKl'ii AthnjBB Oiuu. eJ. Blisi, iii, 822-$; 
authan(«seic«d.l 8. It. 



A\'"eaver 



94 



Webb 



WEAVER, THOMAS (177S-18M). gw 

In^st. born in 1773. latKiird geology and 
njinemlogy from 1790 lo I7!M undirr Abra- 
ham U'lTniT at FrcilwMy. Soon afU'r hit* r*;- 
ttim[oEnf:lB.n(l he waa entrusted bygoveni- 
miint with the inrc^tigal ion of the sold df^- 
IMwite in Wickiow, in ri'f>.'r«nci' to wnich lie 

5iublislied in I8l0 hia 'Memoir on tbe Geo- 
og:ical IluluLiDEia of thu EmI of IroUnd* 
(l^indon, 4(0). In Uit> early days of tlie Qeo- 
wgictl ^oci«ty he bt^camu onu of its uciivs 
nemberK, Hnd ptililixha'cl in tJiC Mpciind Mm«it 
of its 'Tnosaccioiu' (toIb. t. and iv.) tnu- 
mmn on the geology of Qlouoesrenhiro and 
SoBOerset and th* sniirh of Irelnnd. Tn ih^- 
' rhiloftopliica] Transact ions ' of tlio IJoyoJ 
Society ioi* 18^ ho ftMcrt^d the rolalivoly 
modeiii age of tbu foKsil nunaiaiof thv great 
Irish doer ( (Vrnu mtyaeerox), and in the fol- 
lan-ingTeurhewRSeloctiida fellow of tho so- 
ciety. nntiubiH»qu(>ntlytnLT«ll«dBi a mining 
geologist in Mexico and the United States, 
and in \SS^ hvgan a sn'ririt of papers on the 
parhnniff-miis iv^ks of Anierirji. Weavrr 
had retired from his prof^Mion (or eomo 
yean before his death, which took placb at 
hia home in l^Uoo, 'J July 186&. 

In the Royal Sooiotya cataloguo (vi. 
266-0) he ie crudited with twenty pauvm, 
bearing ibites betwt^n ISSO and 18.41, all of 
which am gualo^icnl, und vi^fht n-fur lo In> 
land. They wtro conlribulBd chiufly to 
Tbomson'ft ' Atiiuils nf i'hiloBO|)bv,' the 
'I'hilueophicul Mu^iuiiiii.'.' tbu 'AnnnlE of 
Naturul llidtory,' ami I In- ' TraiiKnol inti" 
Uul Proceedinga of the Gyuhi^cal Sociuty." 

tQaartM'ly Joarnnl of th>> <^tr<(I>-tgioAl Si)i:it'T^-, 
lii. pp. xxxriii-ix; Mtctiiud'H KicifErxphii* 
UaivomaUo, tvI. xlir.] G. S. B. 

WEBB. [Seoatoo WebheI 

WEBB, Mna. (d. 1703), actr^'w, whose 
maiden name ttok Child, wii« bum in NoT- 
wicli. Sho b4!camu an fictri\'w nnd a singer 
in tlio Norwich company, niid married dm 
« Mr. Ubv. and afterwards a Mr. ^\'t'bb. 
Sbv apppuri- to have toodv li«r Qnl uppunr- 
ance in Edinhursh on '2i Nov. ir7:J at tin? 
Theatre Jtoyal in Shulesptfara Sqnare ae 
C'hnrlott'.' Iluspurl in the * Wt^t liidinn,' 
■printing at once into faroiir. She— if tl»» 
5Jr8.Day were she— also pluywdQut'onCathe- i 
fine in 'Henry VIII.' Webb was about tbia 
tiinv a mecnfaer of the company, acting thu 
King in'Hauikiti'Kent iu ' Lear,' and simi- 
lur parte. On 20 Not. 1773 Portia in ili.- 
' Mei^hant of Venice' was pI&yMl by Mn*. 
Webb, from which tliue Mrs. Day disap- ; 
ueant. In the ' Kdinbiirj(h Htwciwl,' 1776, i 
Mrs. Webb i« df-jwribed as ' very URcful/ and 
it IS liaid of hvr that abo 'Kings very eweet>' i 



'ii 

h*r 
hen I 

?^ 

ittJM 



On 1 June I77A, ox Mrs. W<>bb fmn 

btirgh, fihe apneorad at the Hamai 
playing Mr*. Ltom in Colman's '.Van am 
Wife.' During her first wAson rfio a«t«d 
I.ndy Sycamore in the 'Maid of the Mill,' 
and 1>adv Wronghnid in the 'Provoked 
Husband'' Un 1 July 1779 tbo wa« the 
first Lady Juniper in ' ^iinuner iVmuaetueitt^ 
or an Adveuturv ai Margate,' by AndK^^| 
and Milea. She plaved Mra. Sneak in Focrt^Hj 
; ' Mayor of Oarralt. Mrs. Margaroi Maxw^ 
in the 'Devil on Two Stickr.,' and had m 
original part on 31 Aug. in Colroan'd 
printed 'iSeparato Maintenance,' As 
original Dami^ Hearty in Goodenou^h*;) ' W 
liam and Nanny' she made on 1^ Nov. har 
flntt npp'Mrancf at Coveut Qarden, when i 
she playi'd Mw. Peochuiu in ihe ' Beggu'a J 
r>TH;ra/ 8tnlira in ' Itiral tjuBej» ; or 
Life and Death of Alexander tho Li 
She was at tlie HaymarkeC <iu 30 May I 
tho Lady in the Rnlconyat the firM prodn&- 
tion of ('rtlmnn'* ' Manaf^er in Di^lrvM,' WH 
MrH. Honeyeomhe in ' I'nllv HonfycomW 
and the lir»t Commodij in A ndrews's *Fil« 
Water 'on ft July, .At. Covent Oardtfo _ 
was on 3 Oct. Cnumdaica in an aIl«ratloB 
Fidding'a 'Tom Thumb,' tho finst Mrs. 
Hi^ht in Pilon's * Humours of au lilecti 
on lit Oct., the Duenna, Motlier-tn-latr ii 
the ' Chance-i,' (juii'n in ' Humk-t.'Kmiliaii 
'Othello,' Klrtm (an original pan) io 
din's ■ Islander,' L'5 Nov., Ijadv Ilnsport 
' VV«»t Indian,' and Mis. Uardcsetle. T 
prinoipal oriffinal rharactiirt at this hoi 
which «henevi3r quitted, were I^vTftdt 
(VKei-lVf'*.' PwiUve Man,' Ifi Mwreh 17 
Lady Dangle in Cumberland 'k ' Wsllooi 
yt) April ; Ahigi\il in Cnmberland'tt ' Ci . 
cions I.ady,* I" Jan.l7R3: AMdowGrarapw 
in l*ilon'«' Aerostation," ^Uet. 17?(J ;Lady 
lUiU in O'Kfcffo'B 'FontaincblcaUi'ieNov.; 
MaroHlina in ' Follies of a Day ' (' he -Ma- 
rinp> de Figaro '), 14 Dec. ; Honour in M 
nnlly's ' Fa$hiouablt> Lovitios,' 2 April 17: 
1-ady Mary Magfiin in .Mm. Incfabald's ' 

P^aranco is ogauut Them,' 22 Oct.; Malx^l 
iouriah in lyKeeffe'n ' I<o*"i! in a Camp.' 
17 Fob. 1786! Lndv Oldpt-wk in Pilon's 
'H'.' woidd be a SoUier,' 18 Nov.; Lady 
Dolphin in O'K^offe's* Man Milliner,' tf7 Jan. 
1 7^7 ; Cecily in Mrs, InehbaldV 'Mid 
1 loiir,'22 May ; Kntly Knvanagh in O'Ki 
'Tov,'3Feb. 178&; Lady Waiifor'i in 
□ olas's ' Uraiuatiat,* In May; Mio 
Claekil in Bate Dudlev'e ' Wi 
2n K«b. 1791 ; Lfidy Aoul in Rcyn 
' NotorietT,' fi S'ov. ; and Mia» .Spinster ja 
Mn. Tnchbald's ' Every One has his Fatdt,' 
i?9Jan. 17!W. 
To this list may be added tbe foUoai 



Webb 



95 



\Vebl> 



parU plired diiriD^tlieAumniei seasons at th*< 
H^TinwftPt: Hcbo Wintcrtop in 0'K(-eff<*'i< 
•Vfi Alive.' }& Juni- I7«I ; Mefrow Vnti 
QoterhuD in Andrews's 'Uaron Kinkv.-r- 
vwikotiKk'rtpraLin^ti-hdt'rDt' 9 July; Mri*. 
DiMliif" in if'Kei'tti-'it * Agn-eftWe Surprise,' 
3 Sept. ; L«ily Itnancoval in O'lvci-flV's 
'YotinEQHi«lt.T,'20Jiily 17RR; I-ndv IVli- 

SBG in Stuart'fi 'Oretiift Ori^p.n." IfS Aug.; 
KtcireM in trKwH'e'* ' lWpin^Ti>ro,'ti S«'pt. 
ITM ; IMra. MnmnHTj- in <> Kc^fFe'i* * Hegigiir 
on Horeebeck,' Jt! June 17S5; Lad/ SiinpV 
iothp yoiingc;rColnuin«'Tnrk nnd no Tunc,* 
9 Jitlv ; Mrs, Scout in the ■ \illaiai' Lawyer,' 
SB Aug. 17tr7 ; Lady Uundt'f in Uolmnn's 
'WaTK and Mouw/lOJiily \7HS: Mrs. 
Matiuwiy in ' Fnmilv I'arlv,' II July ITW); 
nnd Mrfi. ^[agK> in O'Eeefie's * London Ilor- 
miL* lit lirruliitnictprR iiK>tinii^d bvr at nne 
nr nther lionsfl were Lady M«ry Oldbov in 
' Lionel and Clnrisga,' Lockit in tha ' n^ff- 
gu't Opi^Th ' (vhU till* mall- oliArart^rt played 
Dv womi?n and vice* versa), Mrs. Amiet in 
the 'Cinfwlcmfi-.' .Mrs. Ott«f in the ' Silunt 
Woman,' MTO.H<:idelber^inlb(! 'CiandeetJne 
iHuriwe,' Old Ladv Lambert in th« ' llj^- 
-nfte,' Lady Wieltlurt in tht^ ' Way of Ilio 
World,' JKtrcae in tht;'.M<«:k Doctor,' Wi- 
dow Lackit in ' I >roono1io,' Tag in ' Mias in 
her TwiiV Mr*. Tknnple in tlu' ' Critic,' Wi- 
dow niockacre in rh<j 'I'lnin Dpftlur,' Fnl- 
staff(« straogB experiment for her beni'fit >. 
Unula in the ' Padlock,' Mr», Fanlittpili^ in 
the * Funt^ral,' Lady Dova in r'umbpi-land'K 
' Brotbi-r*,' Sfrs, Sealand in 'O)n«ioiw 
Lover*,' Mrs. Malaprnp, Mr?, Tiruh in ' Ckmw 
Piirptwee,' Motlter-in-Iaw in the 'C'hancM," 
and Mrs, Mechlin in tho'CommiASiirr.' On 
5 Nov. \~9'i nl L'ovt-nt Uiirdi-u »!ie played 
the Ihunua. and on tlie 7tb ilisa SpinsltT 
in ' Evory Unv has Iiia Fault.' On tliv 24tlL 
ahe died. 

Mrs. WebbvftB a good uctrcwt! with inucli 
buinour, her best part« imng Mr*. Cln^tshiri! 
end Mabel Flnnriiih. Site wbk corpulent Lti 
her late yearn, and wsa wen to ndvnntngi^ 
ia grotcAqni* chAract4>i». Her Lochit did 
mflcli to recommend the Strang experiment 
of Oolman of vhieh it was a feature. A 
portrait by IKiwilde mt Jiiidy Uotq in the 
'ItroUiera ii iu the .Matlinwit collection in 
the Garrick Club, in the cataloguo of whicb 
abA ta erronHiudlv mid to luive a[ip(Mred iu 
London OS !iUas CnoB. 

[<rena«t'»Ac«9Dnt of tb« English St^igo; Ollli- 
land'B Dramatic Mirror; Thespian Dictioaaiy: 
Oeul.Mag. 1793. ii. 1081, 1147. j J. K. 

WEBB, BENJAMIN (1819-1885), eccle- 
•iologi*! nnd parish prie«t, eldest mq of Ilen- 
D NS'ubb, of (be fizai oC Webb ft Sons, 



^■mi: 



[ wbitdwriglita, of London, waabomatAddl 
I Hill, Doctcit'* Commons, OD Sd Not. 1619? 
I On 2 Oct. 1828 be was admitted to St. Pkul's 
whoo1 iind«r Dr. John Sleath [q. v.], and 

firogeeded with an exhibition to Trinity Col- 
rge, Cambridge, in tWober IH3S. H^ tcrtk- 
dwatwl 1S.A. iu l*i-', M.A. in l84o. Whili 
BtiU an undefKraduftto bn, tofr^-lher with hi| 
somewhat older friend, John Ma^n Xeale 
[i|. v.], fntindinl the Cambrid^ Oamdva 
iiocii'ty, which plaj-ed an impoDnni part in 
till! •■ccli?)iiok>(i{ical revival con^equeul iipou 
the tmcTarinn movement, and of which 
%\'ebh continued to he •ocrvtary, both at 
CAmbrii]f^<' and alterwards in lx>iidon 
(wbilher it waa removed in )S4il< under the 
nam<;Qf tbo KL-clonLolo^^ical Society), fri.mi its 
beginning to it4 e.\tint'lion in l)^<t. With 
Webb and Ntale wer^ ai(K>'ciitr>.>d in thia 
entLT|iri«^ Webb's intimiit^ and lifMon^ 
I'riencl Alexander Jftini>e Iteret^ford-llopo 
[a, T.^ and Frederick .\prJinrp I'niry [(j. v.l 
llie B(ici«ty restored the 'round church 
at Cambridp.^, and Webb bad tlm honour ot 
showinK the restored edifice to the poet 
I Wnrd.*worlh. Wcbbwnsoarly recDunutedaa 
I a leading- outbonty on (iuet»lion« of L-cclesi- 
I nstitnl art (seoLiDDO.v, it/eo//'MJ(«j/ i.47(t- 
I -laO). He wiu ordained deacon in 1S42 and 
priest in 18t<'f, and served hk curate firetl 
' uudur hiB college tutor, ArcIid«a(>on ThoiM' 
(who had bueu the first president of tn© 
Cambridge Comden .SiK-ifly 1. at Kemertou 
inUli>ucoster«Iure, and afterwards ntBraet«d 
in Kent, undirr Wiliiuta Tlodge Mill [q. v.] 
who, as regiud ])rofeanur of Hebrew, hoc 
ruunli-nnnciHl and encouraged bi< vccdo-j 
aiological work at Cambridge, and whoMJ 
daughter he married in 1H47. He waa alsol 
for n whilo curate to William Dodsworth- 
^q. v.] at Christ Church, Si. I'ttncrns, I.rf>n- 
uon. In 1»51 be wa» pn-MTntid by ilere*- 
ford-ilope to lb« peqietusl curacv of Sheen 
in Staflordahire, and in iKIlfl bv'lrf>rd Pal- 
iiierslon, on tlie Ktcommendftl ion of BIr. 
Ciladnlune, tn (be crown living of Hi. An- 
drew's, WolU Street, I.ondon, which he re-j 
tiiinraltiil hi" death. I'ndur liim ttiis uhurch' 
obtained a wide culebrily for the musical 
I'xct'llence of its servioee, and become the 
centn^ of en elaborato and etljcient «vHlem 
of confmttimititw, achoolt, and pamctfol in- 
stitutions, in establiabin^ which liis powers 
of pructical oi^ULAution found a congenial-, 
tield of exerciHe. .\inang these may be^ 
twpocially mentioned hiscati'-chi^ticAl chuMA] 
for cbiliJr.-n iiiid young women of the upper 
clu^sfE, whieh mny be compared with those 
held by I>upanktup at 1^8; and aliso the 
day nuraery or rrl^chf, said to have been thv 
first of its kind in Loodon. 



VTrbibvw appouited br Kthm JKbm | fw** ' ArtidM of [iM|Utrir.'1841, of Fnnk* 
of Londoa in 19^1 to thvpnbeM of Port- ' S#niioa«*iti tW * Anglt^CaUmlic Libmn-,' 
poul in St. Pinl's CAth^lnl. Fnw 1^1 - ^A W. CoQk«> of tho * Hrmaary,' 

tut (Imb hv WM (irjiuv nf ibe 'Clitur: .'; Bad one of ibe editors of * Hienirgiftj 

QtMrtn-I<r It^Tww.' tie died al Us Imiiw ta i Auboia*,' IfUfi, Uw ' n>-mn»l Noted,' 1 hoj^ 
Clwulmi'SmTt.C«m>dttbS^«ftrt',(m?TNav. UHTtlv Dwntialaad n^rtm of tfaf ■ S&r 
I8Rfiv and wu>_b(iried in the AarAjmtd at | MuyV IflBl-ga. Tliere is ■ ponnit in < 



AMeiiT*a ta HartfoHdnc. A fiaa Beiia- 
inent br Am>*ti«d luu br<m piftoed to In 
mimionr id tin; crvpt of St. Pul'i. 

\\'et)b tn* tbroof^ut hU li£> k cosnistevt 
ItifZb-chnndinuui. ilthrMi^h hi* pojicr in 
UKtien of ritual differed frcoa ^hu vimmmj 



h-f E. D. Etiit, A.K.A., in the pocuesfiiaii i 
tu» widow. 




[f^iratc iaRmnktiaa ; oUtmrf notice hj 

A. J. B.-H. is tb» Gwrdiu, 3 Vte. ISU; 

Oardacr'B AtlnMoa Bagistcn of St. PulI'» 

SdMal, p. 177- Sm aba u atticl* do W*lih in 

He T>^niofd btm tin •dafr- i JidinVDMtiuMiy of BjmadkieT. vfai«b sirs 

- 'liR<rfhT»Mor<(BpeMdbyhi«.] C. C. J. W. 

WEBB. DANIEL (!7in.s-lT9R),iutJhor. 
bora tt Mudsiown. eo. liaerick, iti 171 
<v 171^, WW thr ddOTt MOB of Daniel ^^'«l 
nf Maidjtown Caatle, br htn wife Horot 
duflitar sod bMnw o'f M. Leake of C 
Lmm, ML Tipoenrr. Ilr matriculated Gmbi 
New CoIWe. Oxfo^ CO 13 June 1 ?»■•>. la 
later life be reaidcd chiefly in Jtatfa. 11« 
wttiCe •emil tbenvckal WQtlcfl on art, Trbich 
had fniiBiVfihVi vtifpte ftv a tim«. !{« 
died, withoat inue. oo 3 Aa^. I70B. il« 
w»a twice mairied: fin4, to Jaoe Uoyd; 
Bad, seceodlr, to Elinbcib Creed. lie 
the atitbor of: 1. 'An It><)atry iato t 
Beaaties et Pkintin^,' I^n<tnn. 17H0. ^v-: 
4tb edit. 1777 : Icaltan iramlaiioa hy Mtni 
QaanaScuipalia,Vaai«e. l7m,8ro. 'J.'ltif 
ouifa on Uw ftBWWiii of Poenr.' Loodon, 
17a9L8TO; new edit. I>ublin. I'rGI, 12miii 
9l 'OkMrrmiiMis <m the I'orrespoiideBN 
tttw mia Hwtrr and Miuic,' Lonihm, 1*09, 



lion of the •nehanuse Ti«twiMti, boi bum 
nor objocttoa «a priaeipla, bat, aa he atalcd 
in liis endeaM Men uw njti wiahrina 
of 1807) «n gtotutd* of *C^hrtatiaa equity, 
expedieacjr, aikd pradeaca.' On tbe other 
bliad. be U*d p<eat etram on tb* ' aaftwajd 
pMttion,' and tot^ an inponant part ia tbe 
Hrepantton of tb» vitr ^Q ctnaa fnl ' Pucha* 
KenoiMtraBee.' Hi* n>fined arliMie caliora, 
and hi* deep eOBncfmi Ibat tbe beet of 
Mverrlhiim aboabl be offimdia God's aervicv, 

S ■rented him from •bartaff tbe prdaAJBL 
t br mmy who otherwise ay eed witabim 
affairiM tbe pt'rf'>niunre of elal>t<rale modeia 
tnUH^' ia rhiirtrJi. He wa* a^p^id l.>aliD who 
Ur and an acroinplisbed litargiologisi aad 
antii(iiary. The worJt nf muax an l bwaa pab- 
bliftbed In- Ueanv. Novello, £«er Jb Co., and 
not a foir tnieriptiDtt«.UMagtbemtb»* oa 
the «-indows poc^ to Ibe ■SMor j of Deaa j 
Stanley Jn the ohapt'-r-hili— of WeWtOiter, 

an froa bi« pea. Ilis AeeoeerTt w il lanr _. , , ,_. 

be eaUed, of Juws Ftaab Rednom fa. tA Sto i GecBaa tran»latiao bv J. J. GochM' 
and Ua eneoazaMMBt of Oeotge Bdmoid baig,Lc«ag.l771.t<vo. i.'litanirAniu^ 
Oti e el [ifT.JiBtMMri/Magaaof UtCHeert |MeBMinreeMaiMirroee,'LoadQa,176T,8eo. 
eboold not be fiwgoctea. I 5. ' Soae Raaaona for tluakiaf tbe Qmk 

Tie poUiitbed : I. * Sketches of Coali- ' I^tieuagv wu bocrawed from tbe CtuMae: 
IT. £. ' NoleB iUns- ia Notes on tbe "Gtanaatiea Sinica' ^ 




nental Eccl««ob^,' 184' 

tralife of the Pari»h of Sbeen' (a tapple- 

ment to the * Lichfield Dioeeaaa Cbiinh 

CWleoiUr.' 1B59). S. 'lastnietiona and 

PnTenforCaadidatcafcrConfinnatioa*(3rd 

edir.l883>. HeeoatribatedDumenNuarmes 

in tb« poblieatiouof the CambrtdgaOUaden 

Soetecy (eafftcially oo the nonoffram I.II.S., . . 

ISIl: ontbeaTpCaof Ixiidon, 1841 : on the edit, witb addittoiu, Rocbdale, IHOB, Sm 

adaptation of pointed aidtilectun: to Uupi< " 

cal«UBatea,l»l5>; andof the Eccberalopcal 

Socirtr. in tbe ' Eeelenolofist.' 'Cliristtan 

lluaesibraucvr,' and ' SaturdaT Keview.' 

He wan joint author (witb J. M. Xealel of 

an ' EeuT on Synboliua ' and a mnsUtion 

«f Doran<iu», 1343; editor of Dr. W. H. Mil'« 

' Olteehel iral I.ectuiv«.* l^i^ of tfan.' Kcood 

editioa of hi* ' Mvtbical iDlerpretatioo of ISSepC 1735, watthethirdMioof JohnW 

the tl^i-t*.' I^l.'aad of bifl ' SaraaiM oa I gf iMBtoa. br hif wife 3lar>-. daughter 

tbeT«mptatiou,'K<3; joint edttor of Montis I eobainaa of UiUiaia Sweet of thveuae 




Slasft. FonnooDi ,' Londoa, 1 787. 8vo. Thrm 
fire wtsAf were repobUafaed in one toIoik 
in 180:? bTTbaaaaa Win8taalvT[q. v.' vaAa 
the title' of ' MiMellaniee.' iJbndMi, 4ta 
W«bb aUo edit«d ' tSeleetwm froa " Lot 
RechMchA< Pbitoeo]AIqMS etir lea Amirt- 
caiaa * of Hr. Pauw? Batb. 1 789. 8rD ; new 



[OeM. Mag. 1798, ii 7S5. SoT; Br^-. 
lAiid«l Oeatry. ISSS, Irekad : Fumw'i a: 
Orna. I71»-I8SS: AUibwe^ theu of Ei«t. Uk.. 
Baeoa'a B^ U Uria^ Aathon. I TTtk-SO, 17M- 
IMS: An. lUg. 17«e ii. U9, 17«S 0- Ml. 
17M M. aU.] E. L C 

WSBfi^ FRAXCLS (ira&-181o>. 
cetlaneoiu wtiter, bom at Taunton 




Webb 



97 



Webb 



Hi! W4> edocatvd at Abingdoa Bud Bristol ; 
afterwards Rtutlied tbvnlojiy uiiilvr I'hilip 
]>od4lridM fq. r.1 Utd tiLt naoctasar, Culi-b 
Aibwortn [<^. v.1, at tbc iml-.-pctiiluiit iicii- 
demT at Nort han)pt«Na ami I>iiv<-nlry; and 
finUWl bU traiiiiiig witli T^otnss Amorv 
(1701-17;4>[q. v.] nt Tamitoti. He onlflrwl 
Ulu nODCuufurmifil tniuistrv, beraran pa.itor 
of the congrugutiun nt HonitoD, nnd on 
^ S45pt. 1758 was inducted UMistnnE to 
JoMpb Burroughs [q. y."', iiiini9l«r oT lliw 
ffenenl bsptigt cooffTV^lfon at PaulV Alley, 
London. On the death of llurrt^uulifr, oa 
33 Nov. 1761. Webb undertook tbe sole 
Gba>g«. Iul7l3tiberclin.-dfrom tliepastural 
officv aad filled tJie otBce of deputy anaruktir 
at Oraresend unia 177", wh*n be rpmovpd 
lo Poole in Dorset. In 177'» h« n'publi»h<id 
Dr. Joluifion'a ' Martnor Xnrfolci^nse,' a wiiih 
af^ainnt W'alpol*', which first appearetl in 
17^. Jobnann had not cnrcMliKl hi* .Idco- 
Iwtff principU-a in p<*nninp it, and Webb, in a 
aat incal prefaoe, cleivrly contrasted the vit- ws 
he bad tliQn held with those be manirofit-'d 
in the ' FaW .Alarm '(1770) and in 'Taxn- 
lion no Tyranny' (1775). Diirinjf Wubh'a 
reaidmrc in Dorset he acquired thu favour 
rtt X \iv I>uki; of Le«d«, tlif secretary of ^tat*.-, 
who employed him on se\'erBl occaaioun. In 
] 7M lie waaappuinU'd eccretarv to Sir Isaac 
]Ieard[ij.T.l,andaci3iDipHaivd filin to IIvf^^M.- 
Casecl to invest rUe landgrave with the ordfr 
Qrtho(.*art.'r. In 1601 be accompanied I'ran- 
cia Jamea Jnck-ton [q. v.] to I'srw, acting aa 
hb secretary during the negolistinn of the 
treaty of Atnien!«, He waa employed by 
Jackaon during: t^ n^ntiationa oa an unoffi- 
cial intermediary, the French diplomaliata 
ha%'ine much faith in hid iiUcgrily fromtJieir 
knowleil^ of hie sympathy with Napolwa's 

grtTTnnii'nt. The underatandiog of the 
ritiAb envoys with the royalist and uHra^ 
KpuMiean malcontent!) and cnn^irators 
wu, howerer. intolerable to him, and he 
retired to Koglnml bi-fori< the roncluaion of 
|wacc Ul> was an inlircate fiioiid of the 
nrtiit tViU-* lltiKw/y [q.v.], and wrote a me- 
moir of him whic-h appeared in the ' Iliatory 
of IV«ni<-l ' by.Tohn ltmchinj[(). v.](iv. 1-VI- 
160), and in Xirhola'a ' Literary Anecdotea' 
^viii. 177-1'L'». UealstisavcamorcdutailL'd 
Recount of IIiiMey'i* methoda in' I'anhnrnio- 
uicon ' (].Aiidoii, 181 4, 4to), a deacription of 
one of bis engraving;^. Wnbh Iwcamp d uni- 
tarian while n-^idinff at LuftoT!,neaT Yeovil, 
where hu aflih-d in 1811. He died at Bar* 
nofflODf near TlmitistiT inSompriftt.nn 2 Ang. 
18lo, without sariivinK issue. On Jl March 
176* he was married at Wareham in Porv't. 
to Uannafa, daughter of WiUiam Milner of 
PMle. 

TOL. IX. 



^^' ebb's portrait has bften angraml fiOin 
a pictun- by Abbutu 

\^'ebb waa tiie author of: I, * SitrTnon«f*4 
London, 1700, Idmo : 3rd edit, with m&>i 
moir, London, 1BI8, 8vn. 2. 'Thoughta on 
ths ConatilBtional Kipht and Powtr of tlie 
Cfxjwti in the bestowal of Places and J'en- 
flionn,' Iiondon, 17T2, 8vo, 3. * .\n Epistli' 
to the Her. Mr. Kell, withan Ude to Fotti- 
tutlc," Saliitbury. 17«(. -Ilo, 4. ' Poems : on 
WieJom; on the Duity ; on Oi!nius,'Sidi»>, 
burv, 17(10, 4to. 5. 'Ode to the rurall 
Nymphs of Uraalvd,' 1601, 4to. 0. 'Somer-] 
set: a Poeni,' Londoii, IHll, 4to. Tbiw 
Imters of his ar* preaerred amonn: Warren 
HaatingMH coirmpondonoj ia the Dritiah 
Museum Additional manuwript^ (UU74ff. 
122,419, 17170 f. iri). 

[Mroioir prrtisril to Wahb'aSermott*. ISIS; 
Oent, M»fi 1813, ii. 278. 56»-«; MomhlvKe- 
jKniilory, 181S, pp. 71. 180-D8, 28U ; WilaoD's 
niiM'ntiiig Churi'bea, lii. 2&9.] K. J. C. 

WEBB,F!L\NUISCORNEUi;S(I826- 
187;il, pliyaician an<l medical writer, bom 
in lluxton Square on ^ -^P^'l ISl'd, vne■^ 
thi- eldest son of William Webb, n cadet' 
of the family of Webb of OdiitOL-lc Manor, 
by his second wifv, EliEabeth IVt«cilla, 
duughtfv of lliomos MaKvtt, He waa 
edurfit«rd at King's College achool, Ijondon, 
nndut thiTDuvonport grammar Fchnol,whf>T« 
he buL'iiuiu a sound clafsicul (Scholar. On 
L'.') Sept. ISil he was appniUiD^d to James 
>^ht.'ppurd, a eurfrt.'on at stuut'liuu.',!!, and in 
Ifil.'i be jiiiniJ Mm nicHrjil si-htiol of Uni- 
versity C!gll<.'gB. lie waa awanlfd flve gold 
anil silver infdal> for proficiency in ditlei-vut 
clafiaea. In 1S17 he became a member of 
tile Collppe nf SinTjeons, and in 1849 ho pro- 
ceeded to Kdinbiirgh, nnd thpro graduatvd 
U.D. in 18&0. In I8&] hn ri.Hurni-d tu Lon- 
don. In 185P ho was appointed a member 
of the Koyal Oolti'tie of Phyeieiane, aad ha 
waa elected a fellow on 31 July 1R7.'J. In 
lb-!37 hu was uumiuulid tu the f.*uair of medi- 
cal jwrinprudf-nce in the (Irosvi-nnr Place 
school otmitdiL'iue, and eubsiiqufntly hewas 
lectiirtron nnlimil history at tW Metropoli- 
lan School of Dental Kctenc*'. In iHttl at 
the Gtosre nor Place school Webb delivered 
the introductory lecture on 'The Sludv of 
Medicine : its Dignity and ICvwardx,' wfiich 
wospublixhrd by request, llistirat important 
literary effurl wasau article on 'Tliu Sweats 
ifift Hickneas in England,' ptibliithni in tho 
' hanitarv Ilcview and Jotimal of Public 
llnalth'lorjulvltisy.afterwardsrepubliahed 
Beparat«1y. Tnts was followed by ' .\ii His- 
torical A&count of Gaol Feier,' read bufuro ■ 
iheKpidtimiolo^cal 8ocictyon 6 July 1457,] 

"il 



and )innt«d m ihti * Tra:i*nctioiiK ' of the 
tmcifty. In 1S58 an. easay on * MetropnlltAn 
Hygionwof 'Ij"* P»t ' wm written by Wvbb 
fiw tlie ' SanitQiy Reriew ; ' it waa publtBhed 
in the January number and reprioted nepa- 
rat«ly in the *«me TCAr. It. w n brii?f nnii n 
raftst(irl_T surrey of tbe saaitary ooudiiion ' 
of Lonilnn from tht time of the Normnn \ 
conqiiUAt until our own en. Wboii in the i 
' Utntal U«viow' tbe great ivork of John 
Hunlor on iku tnitli Wfts {)ubtiEbc(I, Wt'bb ' 
COntriburrfd not«« t<i tbe IcxL eultwlving 
nesulla of tncKJem rssearch on the subject, 
And ilwifTTiwl to brtnp {liintfir'ft irctrk up to 
rbf) paint of knowMire of the pn»ent day. 
' Uunlcr'a \utunl llietorv of tli» Hiitnitti 
Teeth,' with notM by Webb and H.T.nulmc. 
BppoBrod in 18(Jo. A few years later \Vebb 
b«eam« onv of the editors of ihu ' MndicAl 
Timw and (iaiette,* and for the laet yesrs 
of hiB life he was editor-in-cbif C 

ne Tru clcctftd n fellow of the Socipty 
of Antiquarivs on i^'i May 1H5C, of the 
Linn«an Snciety on 21 Jon. 185S, and of 
othor liMmwd bodi«». Ho wa» au accom- 
pliobcd musician. 

Ht' die<l on 24 Dec. 1873, and was buriod 
at Highpitr c^mnU-ry. Cta 10 FhIi. ISfnJ 
h« married Sarah Schriidar, <lan|cbter of 
Joseph Crxiucher of Great James's Stiv*t, 
Buckinj^linm Oat(*, and by her had twelve 
childroo, ti'ii of whom surrivvd liim. A 
bual, r^xhibited in the Royal Aoadcmy in 
1874| is in till] po«>«8SL0ii of his widow, 
and an oil painting, ion^ Abortly before bU 
death, is now at Oditock. Netluy Abboy, 
Hampbin! ; bntli w»rks wrr* «X«cut«d bv 
Charlefi Bf^Il Ilircli. 

Bwidcn th»*iibiiv.-imtntion.'il nnptirg, Wi-hb 

Subliftlied ' Riograplutss of 8ir Bei^amin 
irndie, Itart., mid of 1*. G, Price, Surgeon 
to KinfjV College Hoepiial,' London, 1865, 

[Medical Timea and Ouette, 1873~t ; Times, 
DeMmbsr 1973 nad Jauaary IS?^ : fftmilj 
Mp«n ; B«cord» of tbe i^ocivty of Aiitiqnari«a : 
KMords of Royal Cottogo of PhysieiaQB ; Cat. 
Brit. Mu*. LibMryj W.W. W. 

WEBB, OEORUE (15ei-l«4il). bUhop j 
of Limi>ric)i, bum in \'A\, woe third eon of | 
Hugh Webli, ruclor of Elromhnin, Willsbinv i 
He entered New Collffge, Oxford, in April j 
1698, and inigral«d to Corpus CbriHil no | 
Bcholar. Ha waaailmitt^d D.A.in Fehruarv , 
imi~i. and M,A. in June 10O&, when he [ 
was already in ordiTS nnd Ticur of StcMilii- 
Aaton, Oxfordshire, on Lord Pembroke's i 
presenbation. He W-pt a grammar sobool nt 
SCeep]e-A»ton and aVo at ]iatb, when; lit! 
became rvct or of S8. IVter and I'aul in HIl'l. 
HG«BJoyvdtbefri>.-ndribipc>f CbiL'f-JusiiceSir 
Henry uobarl [g. v.] W ebb wax mad« U.D. ; 



'K M- I 

m 

inm. I 



10i!4, and a)Woiat«Kl chaplnin tu ibe i'riiKw 
of Waleii. H4> wail a nmn of atriiA hie and 
conmaation, and n dietingutsbod prmdm. 
Obarb>« himself, with Laud's approval, M> 
lectedliiui for promotion to the beucii (Slraf- 
ford Lfttt-rt^ i. 38U), and hfwaa con«:^erated 
bufaop of Liimvick in St. J'atrick'a, Dublin, 
18 Dec. Ittai. 

When tliu confudi-nttv catholics entered 
Lituorick in June \*U'2, Webb had alrv<ady 
diud of (^ol friver, having been impriBonud by 
lliMrKyiiipBlhiiirrH wrlbiti tbt-cilv- Jl"' W"» 
buried in St. Mimfhin'a churchyard, du^ up 
twenty-fuur hours liitwr l)y p«r»on« in Imjir 
of finding jftwi^-U, and reintt^rred in the satiie 

{dace. We leani Krom & casual remark in 
lis ' IVftCtico of QuicEneiw' that WftW> was 
happily married. 

Webb piibli^ed: I. ' A Itrief Exposition 
of lb« lVnicipli3» of the Cbri.-ii«n IC^ Iigion,' 
tendon, KJIi. -2. 'The i'alhway to Honour. 
I*r«Achedat t'aiil's Cross, UlJuno 1612,' Lon- 
don. 101 :i. 3. ' The Urido-royal, or tbeypecu- 
lativf -MarHagt" bnlwecu Obriat and lii* 
Church.' Loudon, lOta 4. 'Tbo .'Vraign^ 
ui4^ut of an I'nruli- Tongue,' London, llt~ 
.'■>, ' Agur's Prayer, or the Chrt&tian Choi 
London, Ltt'Jl. I}. ' Catalogii* Proli'^itaiiliaiR, 
or the l*Nlei<tant'fl Oalrndar, cMiniainin^ a 
Surriew of the l*rot«etant'B Relijnoa lon{[ 
before Ttutlutr'tt Days' (Preface by John iiix 
[q. v.] ), Loudon, lt):!J. 7. < Leeiona and Cx- 
erdaea out of (Ucero ad Atticum,' Loudon, 
10:^4, 8. 'Puerihai confabulatiuncula,' Lou- 
•lon, 1024. 9. ' Thn Pmctioe of QuietnCiML,' 6tli 
edit.(atnplified), London, 1633; tnna edition 
iiublisliftl in 171K an engraved p<irtrait of 
\V«bh is piwfixed. 

Webb also traniilated dnrint; I62i) thi> 
' Andria ' and ' Kunacbns ' of Teren«. 

[Warc'sIJiihopMn[idWriior«,«d. Harris ^ Cnl- 
ton's Fojci KGclMno Hibiiratc* ; Looihnn's IIikl 
of Lini«ri<rk; Fovlu's titit. ut Corp<i> l'hr»ti 
Colleg«.] B. B-u 

WEBB or WEBBE, JOHN (iail-16721, 

arcbit*.<c(, came of a Somerset family, bui was 
bom in IjOiidon in 1611. lie was ediicat«<d 
from \KV2ii \vt 1628 at Ali-rcbant TavloTk' 
school (Komvaox, Ret/uter, i. 1 14), anA moa 
a pupil and o.^wutor, and a cooncctluu by 
Inrlh and ttiiLrH »);•<, uf Inigu Jontfk [■}. v.i 
( Woon, Atfiena; iii. ft06, iv. 763-4). Hiii 
iirt'bitL'ctiiriil works wen? Iar|!«ly in conn"C- 
tion with or in conlinualion of thruc of hi« 
master. Wbeu Inigo Jones laid out Grfit 
tiuttcn Stft-L'l, I.infoln*s Inn Fields, Wuhb 
designed (circ, IdlO) the large brick houwoa 
the south aidf, and tlicro cxi»I» aiDong Joma's 
drawings at Worci-«t«r Colliwe, O&furd, a 
design by Webb of a house in the Strand foe 



Webb 



99 



Webb 



Fliilip Hf rix'Tt, t»rl of Pi>ml>roke. In IWi 
be Inbuilt, uoMiblfrmDi designs by Jones, a 
portion of Wilton Iloust, Wilwliire. 

ijoon after the Itmtoration Webb |«ti- 
tiODMl for the post of aarveyoT of works, 
pleading tho iutvntioD of tbu Uttf king, his 
troiiiiiijt under InigoJoaea, bis npitointmiMil 
te Junvs'fc dupulj' till lliriut out tor luruily 
in l&i!}, and hi^ comniiaaion under tbr 
axiotio^ purli&ment to [nvpare the rov&I 

SlacpJt for rwiidi'ncri «l Hcost of 8,140/. ilf 
rtbor urged that tli4>ro ware arrean of 
(uUry due to hJm, both or hi« own acooonl 
and lu rxi'cutnr to JontM, and jiravod hia 
loyalty by recalling that b« had sent to tlto 
kill); at Oxford di!si>{n^ of all tlio furtiSca- 
tions in l^iidoii, with iust met ions how thfy 
taiAht Uf carried (Diet, vf Arrhifi-f-turv). 

>Vi<hb 'KM grunted A mvuriiion of ihu office 
of Kiirveii'or aflKT !:?ir Johu IVnhani (1016- 
1669) [q. v.] He actod se Deoham'a ossiA- 
t«nt in thu bitildinif (Mlft|-6) of a portion 
of Inigo Joneo'a debijf it for lirwnvrich Palace, 
whidi woeaubaMjuently inroqjorattHl by Wrvn 
u the w^jt tide of th<> river front of lii^ build- 
iaga. He is described iu the order o.i ' John 
Webb of Butloigb, co. Somerset,' and waa 
ffmniiHl a Mlar^* of iOW. per annum, with 
1/. \'A*. lOrf. a month for tnivelling {Lift <jf 
2. Jwteg, 1848, pp. Ri, 3ft. 4**. in ShakLitm'arM 
SoG.;^'*!^!^:!^., f'iti-iviiui Iiritnmu'ciu/,l7\ti, 
TOl. i. nUt« 31, and vol. iii. plntt^ I). 

AVitii Sir John Dunham ha «]»« carrii-d 
out (gmtuit>mitU-) n^rlnin n-jiaim in UUiii 
al Si. l^ul's Cathedml (M.m.culu. Loadi- 
Ri'wwi Jirdirirum, 1803, iii. 8S>, iind d^i^jti^d 
Burlington Houw, Piowidilly (]<>(! l-6j. for 
Uicbard Boyle, firet ear! of Burlington ; it 
wu rcmod<^'lled bi 171$ 20. 

Other works which Webb carried out in 
accordance with or ext«naion of hia ma.siet'6 
designs wur« AmMbury, Wilittlilrv (10^1). 
for Lord Carleton (0*»tPBBLt., Vitruviuii 
Britannvtui.l~25, ToLiii.plata"); Gunnera- 
bury llf)ii«', ni'Ar Kew (lli(W), for JSrrjitiinf 
Mavnanl {ib. 1717, vol. i. plati^ 17, 1"), to 
which wvi m«r posdbly add AshbnrnLain 
Hooaf!, Westminjit^r, and Bedford IIonsL', 
Dlonmibury Square, though Joni-s'fi "hanj 
!q iht' lAtt«r and Webb's in the forni<ir need 
further i>root 

To Webb are alao attributed IlomeJieath 
Hall. CaiBbridgMhiru (li))15-9), daAtraytd 
■n 1777; the portico and otiitr wiirlo iit 
the Vine, noar Baxingsloke ; Lamport II»11, 
NorthAniplonsliir«(n>ftd front only); ICuin^ 
bary Kranor,Wiltaliin>i nnd Ashdown I'ark, 
BeritBliire. 

Iti ICtii!), on Penlutm's death, the post of 
surveyor pasted to Sir (.'hiislophct Wren, 
deaptte the fact that W'ebb helu the rerer- 



NOD. He died on 34 Oct, 1072 U Butleigh, 
and WAS buried therv. He manwd Ajuiv 
Jones, a kinswomAQ of Inigo Jones, who left 
Webb souiv of luH propiTty. Ho uditvd ' Tho 
moi>t noblo Autioiiit v called btoneheng," by 
liiigo Jonos(l(t^o, fol.l, and wrote 'Vindica- 
tion of .Stiiiiidii-n^ Ib'wtonid ' ( llitio, foL, 2nd 
i-dit. 172o'l, Webb di.«igned tltDfronliiipieoo 
of WalKmV * I'olrglot Bjble ' 1657, fol. 

[Uii-t. of Arcbilvcturw; Aubray'ii Nmtamt 
llixc, of Wjlvthire, 1847. i>. M; Cuiiningham^ 
Life of Inigo JoDsE; Campbolt's Viimrias llri> 
tannicns; Walpole'a Aneodotoa- BlamfieU'a HisL 
of ihs lEens-isMnc* ia England; KudKnive's 
Uh-i. "f Artists.] P. W. 

WEBB,SrRJ01IX(1772-18oa>,director- 
general ordnance modiatldei>arttn"ut, fourth 
son of John Webb of Woi>clUiid Mill, HIaT- 
fordsbirc, iind nflLTwnrdn of Dublin, hv liis 
wife,adau;{hter of Tlitiniii)> ilfi\th, wnnVirn 
aiDubliuon2r>Oct,1772. He wiu appoinl^^' 
aawitLant :*iiTgoi)ii oti 17 Mnrch 17)^4. lis i 
bpcaiDB a membi'r of thi- Cnllege of Kurgii-oiis I 
<jf Kn^bind oti 1^2 Feb. 1817, and was mada-j 
a fiillow nil 1 1 Dec. ii^3, ln'inj; on*; of tlia 
lintt. batch of three hundred fellows cr«atedi^ 
tiT thftt ditti-. It is stated thiit ho bad tltei, 
d^'gret^of M.D.,butof what luuveriit; is nofil 
kuowD, Till' following are tb» dat«a of his 
appoint Dicul 8 lu this various grades iii the 
army : he wiut promoted regimontal Kiirgooo 
on )^.hil vl 7fio, surgeon to tlie furct-B 1 March 
1797. fivid inspuccor 10 April 1(K.)1, deputy 
i iiAin-ctor-Mneral Si) ilny IBD^, innpectorii 
■i July 1809, inspector-gL.neniil 'JO Nov. 1809,1 1 
and <llreclnr-gi-neral 1 Aug.lKIS. He served I 
i>n the contiuQut under the Duke of York 
from .\pril 1794 to Mav 1795, in the West, 
IiidiRj from Xovemlxir f 79o to June 1 7tl8, at 
The lf"lder from August to NoremLuT 171*9, 
in the M»H i tcmincnn and Egypt from Aiiput 
180U to April IKKi, in the llaliic from July 
10 November 1807, and at Waleberen friira 
July to •Mptvmbiir I^i09. Ho wait thus pre- 
»t>at at theactioiiof Laniioioul7andlHMay 
I'm. al tlio xiegu of Morne Fortune, captun^ 
(if 8t. Litcia, the KxpiiUion of the Can))!. 
frcim St. Vincent in l7iM, captun; of Trini-J 
dad aiitl tho descent on the Porto Itico ia' 
1707, at the reduction of llid Holder and! 
the capture of the Texel fleet in 17i)9^,j 
on the coast itf Spain in 1800, in th* 
Eg^'ptiau campaign Ja 1801, including tb« 
actions at the landing and those of iS and 
'2] March, iil lliu taking of (irond Cairo and 
all thi- »uljMi»jueul operation.'', lit the t<iege of 
Copenhagen ond capture of the Daninli fleet, , 
in lWl7,and lit thei*xiiedition to the Scheldt 
in \fW. He received tho ftilvfr war medal 
with one olasp for Egypt, was kuighti'd in 
18S1, elected a knight ot the Cross of Ilau- 

u2 






•Mr m li*^, naj audi* • mm y nrnw of thr 
Bub at leSA H« tetind ca ftUI mr ia 

WAb WM fcr man yt&a * 

a« £k OS IS 8nt. IBS* M " 
UdBivWealwfak 

tlllM|llt|llt U* CHktMtfc fHC, 



low aTak SoewCT of Aasi^oafM ta ItfHIVi 





Wlsb aeciaf h k roloaceer is cham 
•f Am Briiiak ctoof* off Alrtanrfrk, «£» 
mi* —fttif &B» tbs fIifiK,bc katl A« 
cfiMliiiiiiy of eodMlnw iiMHr'nh tar hm ' 
•Sncirp nf Faeti idabn u lk« mwaiJ 
J^KOfBan, i^tnoMtina, sad Esliaetiaaof i 
■be Plagae ■wnf As Trasfi M| i u y»J mi | 

rOML 3I«. IWt n. US: 3C«a ■■d<kMt»«. 
M RT. i. ««3; ChnrHim* MrfJnJ DincC: 
a^ficol T%M« M>1 C-Mt>. ISAS: BMad of 
flHPrfan iwrtrf at ik» War Oflc*: B«Qid> 

if C«B*ce «f 9w«MM «r Eai^aa^ 

W. W. W. 

WEBB, JOHN (177»-18e»).<liTa»aad 
CBtiqBaf7, tb* eUeat ma of WiIUbsi W«bb. 
of OtaUedlzac*. Loodos. a earfec of the bmilr 
cfWaUerOdMoek. KHuUn. bj hU wi/» 
Ana, the J — g fcr w and eohonaa of JaoKa 
Kh, tacdkal c6«er lo cb» Aldnt« dta- j 
|MiiTT, waa bocn on SH 3farch 1< 76. Be ! 
WMBtaittad to St. Piars Kfaoot oa 38 Jnljr , 
]786l He wa« captain of tb« a^ool 17(M- | 
179S, and ia tlw laiier jear nmeedod to ' 
Wadham College, Oxford, as HuiUtM: exhi- i 
bilioaer. He nadaated BJL on SI Mardi 
I7W« aad ItLA. on 3 Not. \S0S. In 1800 
he «u ordained to the cuncj nf RavBoatoae 
IB th* dioe e a c of Lkhfi^ nod Cawtmtrj, and 
ill the comae aC a miniMrr of aboat uxtj 
jcan waa we ee wiTel y cwale of Itipple, io 
the dioeeas of WoMMter: Roea in t&at of 
Bsnixrd; lectonrof St. Martin's, with the 
ehapelryof St. BartbAlooieir'a, Binnii^liaiB; 
•eipataal conte of Watec&U ia Staffbrd- 
thitv on 7 Bvpt. IbOl ; minor canon of tii« 
eathfdrml of Vi'oneater, with the reetorr nf 
St. Cletaent's in that city oq 6 Feb. 1^11; 
feOor of Tretire (of thU lirin^ he aft«nraida 
faeonae the patron), with Micbael-chiiTch, io 
the gift of Guy's ^Mpttal, on 17 Jan. 1812 ; 
BiinDr CMivm of the cathedral of Gloooecter; 
and ricar of St. John's, Cudiff. ia the gift 
of the dean and chapter of Olotuealar on 
10 Jsn. Iff22, which he held with Tretiia till 
thb ChristnuLS of 1863. Webb via a deroted 
■tndcat of aatitiuitiea (ha waa elected a fel- 



«f Xari Qantj^a etyle ww in* 
m Saney^B vaefcn. aaeaatngAKettiea 
•vMatthabadbof Nan,tbev«dhar. Be 
waadewtyfattewlediawnwe. MelMTat 
ucia * Joaofh* aad pan of Haydn a ■ J 
wm ailaati it br hia Sir cm Bi Mim haas 
mmtmifmani. Ha wnte tba vordi be 
the aaaiaeu 'Hand,' Snt peg hnail in \eU 
as the miMJ^haM ■iiiriil tai^nl (IdUf 
•tto), c o M pwe e d by hie iatiiMra 6imd Cheva- 
lier XewhoMB, wbsehwM raaened ia Ab^ 
ocawithe Bth iai i ai » .aa rt hepr iJnml awni»- 
lar twmrtf a w fern liW a ll n af If i * !■ r l i ii* 
MBBtliibaJ — maria, *The 
VMher.* 

Wehb^duOacdwiekrieai^eoa ISFeb. 
ISm, and waa boaad at TntiraL He var- 
nd Saah. tk naee of Jodd Haidbc ef 
SobhoU m Warwidnbim,ftla^ whoae Umir 
ttaad their dii a a i ei to Bh a bwy a i rthindrt^ 
and had by ber two chfldna, Tboinaa Wil' 
liaa Webb 't^. x.\ aad a daaj^rar FraaCaa, 
who died ia mliAey. Then are two poe- 
rraiis of him ia eiJrtfw — Ooa a auatalurp 
painted in enriy lilt, now as Odalock, Netley, 
Ilampsbire. and a w«teffc«lo«r deawing dr> 
pietisr him in advanced hSt, now in tha 
of F. E. Webb, e«i.. of IIS Sla^ 



poaneaaMNi 
Vale,Loa 





Boaidn arvoal papers coatzibnted 10 
'AxehMolona,' Wrbb was the aatbor of: 
1. *9noa Anoont of the Monument and 
ChafBCter of T. Wastblii^' 1818. :i. • ka 
Eoar nn the Abbey of Gbncaaier,' writtea 
br Britton'* * Hi^orr aad Antiquiiiaa of 
Gloooeeter Caibedral,* privately- pnot^d in 
11^139. 3. ' A Traoalation of thr* Chan9 
of Gloucester/ pritntely pmied in 
4. ' The HowahoU KoU of Biahop ~ 
field,' edited Cor the Oaatdn Soeie«T. 

HakftBnlniBbedane£tion IbrtbeCkB'j 
den Sociaty of the laanntcript * Militarr !!•■ 
tnonn of Ctuonel John Krehr which wa.« pob- 
lished in 1873, and * UemoriaU of ih« GtH 
\\*araa it alf-^'ii HeT»>fArdffhirtf.' wkieb w«* 
poblished in IsT^ bv his son Thoina« \MI- 
liam Webb (Londoiu 3 voLi. 8n>>. 

[AtbMMB. 1889: F^^y !**?«• M 04- 
stoek ; Oa.Brit. Xitarun Litany.] w. W.lir. 

yrSBB, JOHN UlCHMOXn (lfi67?- 

17f4>, general. Win about l^iS?, was the 
aecood toa of Colonel Edmund Ricbmaod 
Webb of Kodboume Cheney. Wtltahin. by 
hti Snt wife, Jane, daughter of John Smith of 
St. Mary Aldermuiburr, I>oniIon. and aftar> 
ward* of Tidworib, WiUvkire. Kodbaunta 




Webb 



101 



Webb 



lenej had far man; guneruiona tiem in 
poamwion of the family, wboK ponirion in 
Uie oonmy vfM improTed in lh« eixtM'ntli 
century by a marruigt into tho St. John 
fnmily of Lydiard Trejpwc. Old p^digtves 
and tredilioQ elium dwcL'tit of iLu family 
from tdf Of iiicliroonda, ruiii'lnbli's of Hii-li- 
moad, and lords of Burton. W'uhh Inet tiif 
tnolbcr in ](](I9; hii<i fnlher, vhn hm] cnm- 
manded & rf^imnnt diirine .Monmoiitli'e re- 
Iw'Uiiin, a promiiiMit man m Witt^hlTv, long 
member of parliament for Cncklado and 
iifl<:-r>vanls for Ludgenliall, lired to rw hiH 
son A distiiif^iabeii soldier, and was buried 
beside bis wifu in lh>.- family vuulc in liod- 
bourn«Cbeneychiircli on I'JUef. ITO."), Tbe 
geiMTarsildcrbrorh*r,SfijeflntTbom«fi Rich- 
mood \V>-bbtl<StI»-l7:il)<>f ICo<lboiirn«Utit>- 
nt-y. a well-known lawyer and recorder of 
'Uvvixi^ in 1700, died in Novsmbflr 1731, 
aged 68. 

Jobn Hicbtnond Webb obtained a com- 
muision AflacomHin tbt?<iu^-n> rcG^inivnt of 
dragoons ^now tbe3rd hiMMirs) in Sofombi-r 
1687, and in tbe November fulloninp waj 
wounded at Wincanion in a vkirmi>'lj Uitwwn 
a amall deliLchnient of the tiing'^ armv under 
^^ifTord «nd .Sarsfiald and o etill >imalW body 
of tb* priiici^ of tlranfti-'it rfguliin ( Hoyek, 
WilUam III, pp. l-I3-4;t. fin I'd Dec. 16»fi 
lie was appointed colonijl of the tith regi- 
ment of U-nit (Kaltom, iv. 70). Two yesAni 
later va hear of his duel with Cnptnin 
Miirilikr>, in which tmth combatAntc were 
dansv^ronsly wounded. In I'O*^ hi- dietin- 
BtituttN] himself nt the atorniint; of ^'«nIoo 
(Caiixos, Uuit. Itff. tltAJtrj/. ]>. 110). lie 
•erv«d in the campaign* of flandcK uiiiIitT 
Marlboroagh from KU^^rWas promoted bri- 
gadier-gvnvrul on II April 170-1, und majvr- 
general on 1 Jan. l7(Xi. As a brignxlier In: 
aisplaTvd grvat ^IliLUir}- in an attack on 
tbe villain- of Bli-nheim on tbe rvenxna of 
13 Au^. 1704. and in forcing the French Imfs 
At llidtxfm (17 JhIv 17l)«'0, IleconitnRnded 
on the left of the ^ngtifth linti at lEamillit -s 
ou 23 May I70li, nnd di*itin|;tiished liimM-lf 
greatly at. Oudt-nardc on IJ Jvily 171IH. In 
tbe month following the victory loiit niLiund 
Wt-bb waa one of the cominanders of Ibw 
forc« of twulvu battalions, with eavalry and 
greuadient, whirb niidml Pieurdy and put Ihv 
eannUj tinder contributinn. Near Lena the 
dalacbmrnt under Wvbb f"!! in with n forcv 
of ei^t hnndred ca^-nlry, wlinm lliev pnr- 
■09d into lb« town. Karly in Sejiteraber he 
was mcalled to Tbonrout in Hnihant. The 
arcumvBlUtion of Lille bad b»Kn compU-t«d 
by tbe alliw by tho «nd of Aiignjit, but us 
Sep(«mber advancvd their communicaiiona 
vent threaleiurd on all aides by the French, 



and eoTtpltPs wen running short. Tho only 

route by which the re>iui*ite stores could 
now reach the besieging army was that be- 
twwaOstDudftndMuiiiii. The hast yprepaifi- 
tioB of a convoy of between aevon and eight 
hundri'd wugona auun rvachvd thv van of 
ibrf Krcnrh gm era In, and Venrli'ime and It«r- 
wick were both deeiroua to attempt its de- 
struction ; but the taak was finally conlided 
10 Coratt^ de Ijimothf, whose local know- 
ledffu was expected to be of apecia] aerrice, 
and a corps amounting to twentT-two thoii- 
fland men was conceiitmted unJei his com- 
mand at Hruges. The convoy set out from 
Opivnd iiam(< liuun btrfore daybreuk on 
1'8 .'^[it., iaic>rlHd by Ilriffadier Landsberg 
with a forra of about U/iOO mun. Webb, 
writh a forw of about four thotiMind foot 
; and three sqnndrotvs of dmjpion^, hitd re- 
ceived orders on the prvTious d«v l'> cqvw 
I theronvoy in tbo neigh bnnrhood of Tbnuroat, 
I where it was most hable to attack. As tbe 
wagons wen.' dL-tiling ihroiigli (;ochln<-r n<>w8 
wa» brought to W'tbb that tbe enemy had 
been observed at IchtegUem. Hi"inimn;diutc!y 
advance rovrardu ihiit ^lai^e, but came u|ion 
tbe French in an ownuig between a dense 
ooppicv on the unu Imnd and the wood und 
castle of Wvnt-nilawlt-on ibeolliHr. I'lMting 
his gn^nailiers in these woods, Webb kept 
tho imeiny in pUv with liiit small force of 
cavalry whih' hii fornied his iiifuiitrv in the 
intervening flpare. It was nearly aark be- 
fore |te l.amuthe, after a long ranniiDiidt) 
whicli did very iiitli' execution, ordered a 
general advance, lie had an advanlage in 
]ioint of numhf^rs of three to ono; but bia 
infiinlry weru dismayed by the crossfire of 
the tvfn ainbuacadc«, and, aft«r Ibreo at- 
lenipife to forcv the iKisitlon, tliuv reiiii'd in 
the utmost confiuion, having autlered a loss 
of belwi'sn two and tlin.'u thoueaud men; 
lite Hllieit lout iH^ in hilled and woonded. 
While the engHKemnnt wmb in progruss tho 
convoy pu»l led on ti> HoiiMeliion- nnd ri'tirhocl 
M<'nin ivnftdy th« next <]ay. Major-geneml 
William C'ndogan [a. v.], having se«n the 
convoy »af«dy through Crtrt*>mark, f<pHrred to 
^^ ynendiudewilb a few squAdr^ins of cavalry, 
arriving about dusk, and ollvrrd to charga 
tbv broken ranks of the Krciich infanlryt'j 
hut th« pmpiMial waa prudently negntived 
by IV ebb, who was t1ii< senior in command. 
{'ndc>|^iri tbvrittipon rode through the nigbt 
m carry the news of the ttSait to Marl- 
borough At Konce, and on 39 Kvpt. tli« 
com ni under- in-chief wrote to Webb to coiHi 
grotitlale him on the success, ' which most ' 
ber flitributed chiefly to your good conduct 
and rueohition ' {DetpateAet, ea. Murray, iv. 
424). In writing home to Godot{ihJn, Jiarl- 



t 







boToit^h mmarkiHl tliut Webb ind Cidogia 
had behaved M-ell, ' a« ttey alwaysdo.' nn- 
fortuiiftNilT, inacomtnonif^ation to tbo' Lon- 
don OaMtie/ Adam [dej Uardonm-1 [(). v."", 
tlic du}M;'s secrutary, BMiffned all the credit 
of tho i-iifiTigvmttRt to Cadoi;uu, wlio wii» 
ttnown t-o be a atouncb whig and a rUiiig 
Cavourilv on Murlboroti|;b'i> etafr. This 
Tersiim of the aSair lo*t notliinif at Lhu 
bandB uf u jmrllsan like Steele, wnn wka nt 
tlii" timi' (Tditiir of Ihr *fia)[titt«." \Wl>b 
Bsked and ublninsd leave in tnlte liomtt to 
thvqucon n triiu nccnnnt nf the eiiKB^meul, 
iitul his hrief narrarivf^ was printed. He 
wu not averse itum poaiug aa tlte martyr of 
whiff mnliMoIcniMt, and lie becanii; the tiero 
of the hoHT. lie rweivod ih« ordLT of 
f^envrocity from the kinj; of Priuun, and 
tbe thanks ' in bi« placo ' of r.hu Houae of 
Commonit ( 13 lyec.) 

Arbiilhnot was cltiiirly nlludiDf; t-o Wi'bh'i; 
Irt-aluieiil wlifu, in iht! 'Art of J'olitkul 
Lyinf ," hw explains how ' upon pnnd nrcA- 
uon a man niiiv ■■Vf^n h>- roljV>cl of his vio 
Tory by n person that did Tiitt rotninAnd in 
thti action ; ' and the opposition (^i^aenillr 
endetirnunHl to iDoke political capital out of 
what tb«; repr««eiitea u s gnat tory vic- 
tory, in much the Mmc way that tbirtv 
years later thi> oppoaitton uxtoll«d Venuin 
*for dnin^ with six *hips' what Wtilpole'a 
odmirAl 'could not do with twimty.' Ma- 
lignity went 8o far ha Io hint that, jeulotiity 
npan, the Dukf of Mnrlbopoujfh was ^\<»- 
voualy cboarined bv the rfpiiUw of tUw 
FVench at WrnendacV, inaamnch d<) he bud 
entertained tui* oHvr of an cnoruiaiis bribu 
payable upon tho frustratirm of tin* ate^n 
operations which would liavu tnfiuud upon 
the failure of the convoy. 

Webb waa proniolud liciit<.>naiil-fri'u?ral on 
I Jan. 170U, and on '17 March, tlirmigh (Im 

([ood offices 'jf HaTlyy, to whom be uttached 
limsHf, be wiw i^raiilfH a peiisii.ti of I.OOIU. 
a yoar pendin),' more liicrativa emidoyuifint 
iiiidi-r th« rmwn. Tbt? lutnui niLtiiitin lie 
fought at Malplaqiiet in tho division of tht? 
ptinct" of (Iningw, niniijf with Lnrd (.)rl(Tii<y 
and Cinnenil Meredith, on ihfi righl of thi- 
'premifTf lijjne' (Bei* pinn, n\\. I)ir)io»r, 
1/00, ii. 347). In the. fflport addrftivd tri 
the Stat<'«-( l«neral, wbi^h wt out Ibe alliid 
lots tX twenty thniijiand, he wa.'« siatty] Io 
be amonjf IIki dead {ib. p. 5i6) ; io fact, he 
received ecven^ wniinil]) which crippled him 
for lifL-. Swift mentions the fact of his 
wallcing wit]i a cnii-i'h imd a «ric1t to mip- 
port him {Jourmt to ^'Mfa: ef. Littkeu., 
vi. 582). 

Vrebb, who was a fiiio fiRur-i of a man 
bwro ha wn incapacitated hy bin wounds, 





wafi for the tinns being the idol of ibo popi-, 
Ifice, and during the siimtner of 1710 be 
con ii^Ri plated putting up for Wc«tmin»t«r 
against the whi^ candidate, IVneral istao- 
lionc. AVhen, however, in Aujirusl he was 
ofterwd tliu iw»t of oDptiiin and Rovomurof 
the Isle of Wight, hn thought fit to acetpt 
thu ulTer (W'AUXtiK, Uamitthire. iii. (nl. 
Wilb the E<^viTnoi>bi|i wrnl the nafi- lu^al of 
Newport, ri>r which hi>rongli he vtas duly re- 
turned on t) Oct- 1710; be had bitb< 
flinre ll^tK), Mt for the borough of Lu 
fierslinll. He voted stea<lily for Ilartey 
till- toric*, find ciillivatisd the (rood mces 
SwilY as the literary champion of bu part 
In January ITIiJ be w«.i one of the tirbt ' 
pa)| hit rcspecu to Prince Eugene upon ' 
arrival at Leicester House (Botes, p. olSaf. 
On 10 June 1712 hi> was pronotud mural 
and nominated cominaitder of the land forces 
in Great Britain. Upon the orcrthrow of 
the toruw \\>bb wan iiol only deprived of 
hia posts, but was in I71S fitrce<l to wdl oat. 
Owirge I, who Imd fought by his side at 
Oudejiardfl and ndmirtfl his bravi-ry, re- 
inoniitmted, but was ' bnnight Io reason ' by 
the rriumphnnt whigs ( Wmtworfh Paptri). 
\N'ebb wan nKaiii rt'tiimed for tht^ family 
IxtmuK^i of i.udgershall in 17iri and on 
■2\ March \V2\--2. Duringtb.- triid of ChriB-, 
topher I^yer [ij. v.] in November 17:'\' 
Webb'e name was mention*-*) in connection 
with a Jac')l)iie aMOciatiun known ni> ' Uur' 
ford's,' and thenceforth he found it cvjiedient 
to live in strict retin:inviit {Uiit. lif^. \~^, 
p. 60, ih. Vhrm,. Diary. 17l'-l, p. W). 

Webb diod ill Scpiumbcr (724, and was 
burii-d on J) Si'pt. in thi» iiorlh trnnannt of 
lyudfterithall church, in the navt> of wtiidi 
his hatr.bmcnt i>Itll hniiu:>>. Ifo wns twice 
marriiid: first, to Henrietta, daughter of' 
Willinim Itorlnw. M.P. for Oreat Slnrlow, 
and widownf.SirUiflhard Aatlevof I*atshull 
(nhn tlii-il 27 -funB 1711); and, tecoitdly, iit 
May 17iO, to Aiiufi SIccates, a ' widow.'wbo 
muiit hitve been a comely person, seeing 
that, alllmutjh of ilh-^itimate birth. she was 
ibricii murrieJ, the third lime after Webb's 
dfath to Gnptiiin IIiMirv FowltB or Foolcea; 
Blie was buried at Luilgi-rshall on fl April 
17.17, hnving survived all bur husbandr 
Hy hia Urst wife W.jhh left two s<>n»— B 
!uuni1,'n captain in Ireland.' nnd BorlaM 
Itichmond, >l.t'. for Liidgerahall, who iit« 
loTifod most of hi* fnlliHr's property, tod 
died without iBKui' in March 17:t8 — fiesidas 
ave dfLughters. By his wcoad wife be left 



OB I 

m 

ton I 



i 



t 



(■ 






h^yic-, ^A^ 



-M^- 



Webb 



103 



Webb 



■ son, J<^n Richtnond of LiDcoln's Inn, 
M.P. for Ttoutncr (1761-4>nn(l jiititicc for 
the counties of Olniuorgan. Itreuon, attJ 
Itailnor, who died lo Jku. 17U6, tttid two 
dauKbt<«n>. 

The Colon^'l [tickmond Webb who died on 
27 MiT I78j>, fl^ed 70, and was buried iu 
tlif r-JWt cloister of \Vf)itmiji*t«r Abh>-v, wa« 
a kinfimon— second rou&in of the Italf'-blond 
^if till) gvoentl Itbpy wvre botli ar»*nt- 
irreat-gnuidiKiM of Ednittiid Wi<bh of Rod- 
boum* (7h*in«T. who dii^l iu I<}'Jl,Bod his 
wifr.Cathi-rimvSr, John); bisf«tber,Cnpliiin 
Itichmood \Vi<bb, was huri«d ut KochL-ster 
in l7iU. Richmond W«bb the jroung^r, 
bom in 1714, a coroct in tlie qucitn's <iwn 
royal draROouft in ]73">, Wcame captain in 
Idoreton'a rLf,'iiD(int in 17-11, comtnandud a 
companr for King (ivor^i- nt C'ullodi'n, and 
rvtin»d from th« army in I7.i(>. Mh wbi 
RiirriviKt four y«ar« by liig widow, Sarah 
(Orifliiha), who was hurittd beside hpr hns- 
band in June 17S9. Their daughter Ani>>lia 
(Kli'-tsiO"), thft podmothor of ■ Knimy ' in 
' N'anity Fair,' married at St. Jolin'9 Catlio- 
dral, Calcutta, on ;ti Jan. 177<t, IVilliam 
JUal[|^peaoc Thadieniy (174d-ls].-ii, thu 
srandfather of the grt^t novelial. Another 
niiH|>hlvr, 3.irah, tnarrii'd Polvr Moon- [ij, v. ;, 
the friend of J^hi^rirlftn (IUvne, Mrmtiriai* 
of the Tharkeray Family ; rf, Huxtku, The 
TAacAerayt in india. 1897, pp. 97, 170). 

An inlKn^tioff hfi-*irj^ ttijut-siriiin nortrnit 
of Wfbb, siffnm 'J. Wootton 1712, ia pre- 
(ujtvinI at Kiddraidi-n Hriiiiu\ n n-d-hrick 
nuuBian iu the fitjV- of Ktnaington Palar^*, 
which the general eryctwl for hiniMiIf in 
1711 uprman cflTntn tin* niiolen.4 of wliicli hr 
had purchimed from the widow of Sir (ieorjp; 
Brown ft in lOfi.'. Another portrait, now In 
ibf powfssion ut" (.'yloiit'l t^ir K. Thackeray, 
V.C, waa Mgraved by Faher after Dafi! 
(N<>VLB, ii. 197). A curious mi-dal attri- 
buted to Chmlian Wermtith waa fitruclf 
to ci:l(:brBti.' the battlu of Wynt.'ndat.'K', and 
rvprHMiHtH a lion piiriitiini; a rijck Chnutirh 
tlie mozea of a I&bvrinth (IiAFI.v, vi. 5; 
MfdnUir Ifist. 0/ Enalajfl. ISMw, ii, a2«). 
Thret^aketnheBdmwn bv Tlifu^keniv for Home 
imaffinary 'Memoirs of Lientonant-Oeneml 
Wcfcb' WWpTvfi.Ttcdlo thcTolumoC'irirnininff 
'EMnond' in the ' Utu^fniphieal I'Miiion.' 
The l^bapte^s in ' Esmond* relating to the 
exploitti of Wttbh (hk. ii. c1]H|>h. x. xiv. xv.) 
are hat>ed upon minute reneari:!!, and rontalti 
what is perhap tho best account extant of 
tbe n flair of ^^ynenda•dH. 

(Burke'«F«aiilyK».-or<i9.1807,B.v, 'Thackeray;' 
Dalion'a English Amy Liaw. rals. iii. and iv. : 
Not«s and Qnmea; 8(h ser. \\. 247, x. 1)9; 
BlIlHo'lPotitiCHlIndas.ii. 309, 117; Members 




I ofFarliaaient(OAcialBMania);Cluitet'a Wmi- 

I mtnsrer Abbey Rogiatwa. 1S78, pp. 439, 4-l<); 

\ ilonn^'s Modem WilUhir*. 'Ambraabory Unn- 

I drcd.' pp. 01 Rj.; Marlborough DoapaUbM, cd. 

I Murray, toU. ir. and ».; Co«'a Ufa of Marti 
bitroiigfa. ii. 318 w). ; fhrift'N Jniirnat To I4t«ilta, 
isl. Itjliioil. pp, Lift, 1J7. HO; ArbutliaM'a 
Wurkn. ed. Aitkea, p. 130; W«ntworth I'apyrs, 
ed. Cariwright. pasaim ; Bi>yer'» Reign of Qunon 
Anna, 1736, pp- .H6, 36i. 477. 535; Pricr'n 

■ Uiit. of hia Own Time, 17*0, i. 277 ; Rapina 
Hist, of Kngland, iv. 7A. 79. 84. »0, IIO. 192, 
433; Burnet'- Offn Time, 1923, ii. 609, 407; 
Uldmixon's Ui«t. of Rn^luid. ii. 413-13 : 8tan- 

, bopeaHiawry. 17')I-13.pp.8AJ,«7a; P^ioler'n 
L'hrOBolug. Hiat. 1714, p. Mb; Wyou's Hisi. uf 
Qaaen Anno, ii. \\t aq.; M^moiraa du Mar^cKal 
da Borwidt, Paris. 1780, ii. 36-9: Uuaiont'a 
tjcttm Uialoriqutu, 170B ii. AOS-SO, I7OO ji. 
520; Detail dn ComUit do WynoadnJc, an. 

< Polel'a TAim. MiliUirea, IKJ^O: (Ignrum MS. 

' 1707. f. 38T (a good account of Wytiooclitejc in 

I Fn-acli, giTing tli* English foiee im 18 10 2t) 
bsttiUiuu, and tho Franch Zi bACtalions and (2 
si^Uadrons of cavalry) ; OffirUI R«ttirii of Heui- 
b«n of t^irl. ; gpnealofpml and other notea 
moat kindly nupplifd to tha wriirr by Malmlm 
Low, e«(],. of CtrtTto. who ha* aiil<Hl in rerisinjt 
ihu articto, anil by Alfml ][. Hath, eaq., of 
IliJdotdun Hou»e.] T. S. 

WEBB, JONAS <17»t-180J), of liubra- 
haul, tttook-bn'i^diT, waa bom on 10 Nov. 
179t! at (.ti^at Thurlow iu HuHolk. Ha ^iu 
wjoond eon of Samnt^l Wi-bb.whonfl.Twarda 
removed to Streclly llttll, West Wickhun, 
in Cambridgeshire. IIi> bi^^nn l>iisin««« aa 
n farmer nt Babraham in Cainbridge'^hirfl 
in \i*'2'2. \* thr rpsiik of a series of experi- 
umite conducted by himm^lf and hia f&ther, 
Im Ffji'xrt.^d the native Norfolk brvcd of afacqi 
■nd speciallv d«vor..'d hiniseif to the breed- 
ing ot SontlidownB. which wen* then liul« 
known in bite district, lie Kr>t of all pur- 
chssed ' the best brc J ihcep that ouuld bi- ol)- 
lAiocd from the principal breeilem in Hiimms,' 
and th«ii. by 11 \i|;i>ruue system of judirious 
and careful seli-clion, Ih- priiduci>il n ptTnia> 
Meiit typ*,; in accordance with hi* own id«M:| 
of perfection, lie bi^^n his career us an 
fxhibitur at the at^conit cniinlry mwUiip of 
tlie Royal ARricultiira] Society of England, 
held at rambridfp' in IMil, when he received 
two prizes for his Soulhdowo ewon. This 
succejui waa foUowod up ai practii-ally every 
oiibsequent annual meeting at which hoexlu- 
bit*d, until at Canterbury in ItWl h<; twk 
oil the six prizi-fl offered by the aorioty for 
rams, and sold tin: timt prixo ram 'Cantvr^ 
bury' for 250 (guineas, lie woa also a con- 
stent pme-wiuii«r at other showa, la, 
eaveral inatancea, however, tliMo sncceaaeal 
wort) bought dearly, as Iiu evrea uid aged 




Webb 



^ 



runs were renderod umIou by o\-er-fatt«n- 
JRR. Tbfl result ww tliat lie reBoIred to 
Qxnibit for the future only yming ratns. He 
Iiad {treat Bucct'tta with hu SbuarliiiK nint 
i>xhibitt'(l at the French I nd'r national Exhi- 
bitioD III IM-I. fi>r which he reooiv«?d • gold 
modal of the iiMt clfi«>. Tht- Emix^ror of tha 
Krcnch cjuifriilukU'd him on b\a Biicems, 
and admirt^il th^^ b^autvof the fains be eilii- 
bi(«d. \Vebbpn«entC(l bimwilh the choicest 
specimen, rvceivin^ eome time afterwards in 
return 'a cand<>labriitn of moMiTA Mirer 
with appropriate devicec.' 

In thtr conrtK uf the last two years of 
AWbb'E life thi- Bnbrnham flocks rren all 
di!ipers<^, 9t!'J sJiwji tioiiig told by auction 
in June IS<12 for IO.&lW. He, howererf 
brod cattle with »ucce<*« to tb» loet. IIi» 
herd of t<)ii)nboniH, bf^un in If^-tS, and re- 
cruited bvpurcljiue from the celebrated herds 
of T»rd hjMTocr and I/inl iJucii.', wiis men- 
tiucMl liv Mon». Trf bonnaid in 1859 as the 
nunt important #1iortborn Iivrd Ibcn exisl- 
iag, and oni' which lind pc-rbiips only been 
BUrpaHafd in b^nulv and perfection by tho«e 
of Booth and TuwiicU-y. At ibo Royal Agri- 
Ciiltiirnl f^ociL'tv's «how held aI Il»ttiT*aa in 
mtt2, imnivdittti'ly nfter thti diHnemion of bi.=< 
tloclcof Southcliiwnn, \V..'bh'8 sftortliom bull 
calf * First Fruit' gained ilip (jnld mwlal as 
*tho be*t tnalu uniniiil in the ahnrlliom 
clou ' (for n iiiirlrMit nf this bull see 
>'((rw»fr.** Mnyazine, I>.*«!mbcr 1802.) 

Webb iVsfA nl Cambridge on 10 Nov. 
IQO'^ (liis birthdav) (|iiitc (tiiddwily, bis end 
bein^ acn-lerutetl by tb« dtath orl.v fivij 
days before; of his wifo, lo whom lie was 
derotwlly attached. Me was buried at 
Babmham on tho 1-lth. llu was one of 
nine children, k'ft niiio i-bildren bimsoir.And 
hid eldest K,n. IJi?iiry Webb ofSirrtitly, bn- 
also bad uiuo children. ' His honour and 
scntpuloiis jfood faith.'naystlir fntnoiw French 
■friculliTiii .M.Trfihonnaia, Miir (p*n(*rn«icy 
and uniform aflnhilityfrninvcl him the respect [ 
of evcryb'jdy.' Klihu Riirritt, in his 'Walk 
from London lo .Tnhu-o'Oroais.'ffiteit an in- I 
t^.TdHUnBdescriptionofWchh'slilc and work. 
A fu [I-l.'ntf1.h stutue of Wubh, cacied by 
public Fiihscription, stAods in thu corn ex- , 
change ui Cambridge. 

[FarniDrs' Mag. 2nil mi-, li. 195-7 (libivh 
184a), nnl ser. uii. 6-», W4 6 (July-Deeamler 
ISU'i). iwntjiiaiiig ft notiiM which also nppMred 
in th« Kark Lnao Express. 17 Nov. 1862 ^ lllua- 
traiedLondonNwws, l862(portrail«ndiiiMnoir): 
JooraiLl of (he Roy«l Agricultural ?«. of Eti([. 
land nuti) IK sec. rii. 60. (I8U) viii. 8. 
(IBM) xiW. ar. (18i8) lix. 881-2; Ann. Rs- 
gww. I8S2. p. 793; Joanial of AftrieHUuro. 
IM3, pp. 202-3, 447-8; Hobiou do ta Trihon- 



I'or* I 




naia'a R«na AfgnetAK A» rAnglelam. ISfiS, \ 
)U4-IA. a biognolikal skatcb «i(h a pmtni 
OomteOvranlde Qootey's Socoad Voyage A^f. 
mIb en Angttt^rre. 1847. p. 2i. HuMriine Vor< 
«&>, 1868.1 K- C-«. 

WEBB, JLVTTIIEW (1^8-1883), 

known as 'Captain ^^ ebb.' tb« (^annal 

swimmer, wa* ham on Is Jan. 1848 at Hanr- 

Icy, Shroinhiri', whi-re hi» fath^^r anil ^^nd* 

I fa'tlwr. alike named Matthew, had both 

I practijMHl OS munlry doctovat His father 

1 (A. 1813; d. at Ironbridgc, 16 Dec. ll*Ttf). 

1 who had qualified as M.lt.C.S. in IdS^ «ub- 

' sequenHy moved to Madeley and then 

Iroobridge, wbi-re the 6wimin«*r'i> brothi 

j Mr. Thomas Law Webb, is still in pracli 

: Muttltaw was ono of u family of 

children, eight of whom wer\( soos, 

loamed to swim in ilia Sen-em bofen 

was eight, and sared th* lif« of a yi 

brother who was endearouring to nnm 

' ocrow til.' river for th<* first time. I'he 

I perusal of Kingston'.* 'Old Jack' inspirvd 

I liim with B strong desire to go to aea, and 

I hsvin); be^n traiiiiHl for two yean on board 

I the Conway in the Mvrk'y. during- which 

Eehixl bp saved a comrade from drowning, 
e was iu li^il! Ixiund apprentice! lo lUth- 
Iwne Bror.hera of Liverpool, and engaged ia 
Uio Kant India and China trade until kit 
indenture* expired in l^OO. He then shipped 
as second matt' under varinun owrnerv, and 
in 1>*74 was awarded the first Stanhope gold 
medul upon tlip occiviion of the remtenary 
dinner of tlie Itoyal Humane StKicty, for 

i' limping overboard ihi* Cunard sleamslup 
tu.'ifiia 011 2^ April 187.S while a iititf brMn 
was blowing and the nhip cutting tlip^u^h 
th«Tratrrnt the rate of l-t^ knot->, in aa 
endeavour lo sure a teouiaii who had fallen 
from the rigf^ing (Suimminff A'ofe* and l0~ 
eord, 1684 : Ro\tal Itumana Socttty Ammal 
lieport, 1874). Smn afttr Ibis h«< backed 
himself to remain in the sea lonirer than a 
NewfoimdlHnil dog, and nftvr Webb bad 
Tumaiiied in the water about an hour and a 
luiir it iva* found that "the poor brut« Wat 
nearly drown«'d.' 

In Jttnnary l>'7''t Webb joined the Eme- 
rald Cif Llvrr|)ijol. and acted as captain fof 
six months; but in Juni' of this year be de- 
termined to rclinijuishtliemercanlile marine. 
In the following month he eetablifihed a 
record nuiotiij; Milt-uiitt^r swimmers by a 
'public^wim'fnimBUclcwnll PiertoOravw- 
«nd, a diKtMncf of ■itmo twenty milec, in 
4}houra(SJuly);iIiiswaseclip«dtniS6Jitlr 
1899 by M. A.Kolbein. 

Attne1»'ginningof Aiiziut I87d public is* 
terenl. wim grwitly aroused by the aiuioaaoa* 
ment that Webb intende<l to attempt tba 



Webb 



"5 



Webb 



fiwlof swimmiDgacron tb« Eaglub Channel 
withont an; artificial aid. fb^ attempt 
nude by J. B. JohnAcm lo swim thu atntitit 
in August 1873 hul endi'tl in a fiasco. Oti 
1*8 Slay 1875 C'ai>l«in Paul Boyton, \h.v 
Aia«ncan Ufp-mving fT|M.>rt, }im!. afltir ono 
failure., successfully accomplielifil the fual 
of pad<llin){ iiCTTXis the Strait* wb'.-n cIoMii-d 
in Iu*paii-nt(ire*s; but Although thejoumoy 
deiiiOB«tral«d the ){reat ratu« of the rlreM, 
tlie paddle in it!«lf wu men child's ptay 
in comparison with the taiik which ^^eho 
Bei himself to a(.-romii)i«ti. HUfinit ntlcmpt 
ou 12 Auff. wot! a failurf, owing lo tiio fai'l 
thai be drifted upward* of tiitiL- luilfH out 
i>( his prnpLTcounw in coDM^^iii^ncti of iLu 
»troiigf cumtnt and thu^ «tn-»* of n>-alhfr. 
Twelve dajH lattThe dived from th*> Admi- 
i»Ily Pier, Povw, n fpw second* bnforc ooo 
o'clock in lbe afternoon (^J hours hefnrn 
high water on a l'> A. 10 tn. tide), and 
swimming tfaron^h thti night, by n thr^x-* 
quortvr moon reached Calais at 10.40 a.m. 
next morning ('io Ang,), having lipi-n im- 
m<^r«ud for nearly iwuniy-iwo bou»>, and 
having swum a distance of about forty 
nilrs without liavin;; tuuchi-d a boat or 
arti6rial impnort of any kind. Ciri/iit iinxit-ty 
Ikad been fait by hia guppnrt^rs and ihe 
■pvctalcomwiKindtfnln upon tbi' lugjj^T which 
Sflcompanipfl nim, owing to ih<> fort, that nil* 
Caps Oris Nea the wind arogo, thi3 pea be- 
Cain(> cbonpr, and tx'twnrn figlit nnd ten in 
the rooming BRarcclr any progrefui appfan-d 
to bo made, whili' \Vebii was gHtting iho- 
roughly pxhaiisied. The Riicc>-*«ful nccom- 
pliflnnieDt of auch a feat gaie Wt-bb a pre- 
vminc'nce among nil swimnwtra of whom 
then- iaanyrecowl. Ahandaoiuetcalimonial 
was presented to Webb as the n-ault of u 
public Eubscription (thu amount of the 
wager agatusl him bi-ing only l^.V.) , 

At (be time of his prrformancu Webb was | 
twenty-*K-ri-n and a half y«arK old, bin rh«-i>l 
mea-i^ured 40} in., his height woo •"> ft. ri in., 
and he wfighMl 14 ston* 8lb. Hin body was 
■nointad with pnrpol»e gnmsf^, and he wam 
auatained while treading water by dofies of 
ood-liT*T oil, bfyf-tea, imindy, coffee, and 
atroDg old ale. He us^'d tlii> ' breast Mroliv' , 
almoatexcltiBivelytareraging twenty strains 
per minute. He wa« examined by f^ir '^Vil- i 
liam FerguHon and other Nurgitonjt, and hi* 
exploit was pronounced by miMlicul opinion , 
to ttand almuvl unrivallwd im nn iijiitance i 
i>f human prowess and i-ndurancp (lii'it.i 
Mvd. Journal, iS Aog-; cf. Lancet; the, 
bcM account cvriha di>lail» of the ' tf>viathan j 
vwim'is \n Lnnd nwt Water,' \yi^.,'H \v^., 
4 Sept., with map^hbwtngth'.'zigcog course, 
ud 11 Sept. 1875). j 



During iho ooxt ftw rean Webb gavfl 
exhibitiona of diving and swtmraing, but 
tuBinly uf his pon-vr of endurance m ihu 
watt-r, at varioiio town* in tlw provincwi, 
at the \Veel u)inste.r Aqimrium, and in tha 
United 8tatex. Despite these efforts, how- 
ever, hi-i capital dwindlwl, and hi» health 
stwmed on tb« point of breaking. In the 
oarlv summer of 1883 bo tMoWcd to make a 
further bid for public farour by alt^mulii 
to swim through the rapids and whir1[ 
at (he foul of the Niaguru Falls, 'llic 
sign WB.*! so foolhardy ua to be hardly dtMin- 
guishnble frttm suicide ; hut a con&iderablfi 
amimnt uf cnpilnl iM^ins to have beon 
ninbarked upnn the pntcrpriM, mainly by the 
railway compuiiiefi bearing e.xcurstooista to 
Niagara. The ferry-man at Niagara, after 
a laat attempt to dissuQd'e him from tbo 
enterprise, rowed ' Captiiin Webb ' out into 
I bo middle of lbe river on tho aftcrnooD of J 
j Tuesday, L'4 July ]H8a. Webb pluiigedJ 
from [he boat about 4 r.H., and in abousj 
eight uiiimle.'" Iiad gi)t tbrougb u lial loohwll 
the worst part of Ihu mpids; bnt at tha 
•Mil-miKt^ to thi! whirlpool Iir waa rngnlfed. 
Ue WBfl prceived tn throw up hia arms 
with his face towunis the Canadian shore, 
but was never seen again, lie left a, widow 
and two Dhildren. 

ITimtd. SB and 3T July 1883 ; I->W. 28 July 
1883. p. 147; Jllaeir.Lond.NeWi. 2a Jnly.wJth 
jvittr/iil. rind \ Ang. ; Land and Wiiter, 28 July 
1SB3; Kmclnir iind llcnrvn Hwimniing (Btiaaj 
niiiiton I^limry), IS9f. pp. ltil-6i wlih timapof 
hi.i rourRr^ acrow Obnnnpl aad intcrt«ting t^bai- 
cnl dttniU. Among the nbort hivni iirv KaDdaH'a 
■Captain Webb (with jwrtrailj, MadoUy, 1876 J 
Webh'a Art of Swimming, no. pAyno, with a 
CTilourwl [MJrlniit. and bric-f auUibiogmphical 
prefioe. 1875; Bolpliin's Cbujind t'ents, ISJS; 
and a chap-book by B. L. Williamfl, IRSil.] 

T. 8. 

WEBB,I'l!II.IPBAI{KER(l"!>37l854), 

iH'tuni^t, was great-gruiidson of Philip Car- 
teret Wi^bbf 1 70()- 1 77IJ)[.j.v.], and the el,l.'»t 
of three sonfl of Philip Smith Webb of Mil- 
f'lrd llnuMi, Surriiv, mid Hatinnb, duii;,'bber 
of Sir Knhert Unrkcr, bart. Wi-bh was bom 
at Mitford House on lU July 1793, and waa 
eilnoatr>d nt Harrow and at Christ Church, 
Oxford (he matriculnted on 17 Oct. 1811), 
where William l)ijc?klanil [cj. v.] iuspiivd 
him with a iiliic for gcolog^'. In 181^ he 
entered Lincoln's Inn, and in ISlo h« gra- 
liuaiod as R.A. : but, tho death of bis fatten 
having then put hiui in command of a hand-* 
8Dme fortune, he at onne began to grati^ his 
toste for travel, for which he bad equipped 
him.tolf hv a utiidy of Italian and bpanttli 
while at Oxford, 



* 



Vilitinfc ViennB, h« msdv tltp srqanint- 
anee of thi; Clit>valier Pumlini of Raoosno, 
who was of the snine a^e, i>lnlion, for- 
tune, and tttstca OS [iiTni>Hf. havinj; studit-il 
botany wi(i (i'.'oloiy iiiider Urocchi. WeUb 
haring Blarecl wilh'liim n% DaMaDo, Puxilini 
vstitrned liU visit at MilfixrO in 1916, when 
ihey iilannetl a joint (Expedition to the East. 
Previous to etartinfr u|Kin tli'is, liowevvr. 
Webb imIiI n vlioil vl»il In Sw^lnn, vi»iliiig 
(lottenourg', I'pml, aitd ^locklialcD, and ^o- 
injr •"» fsT H" **l° X, Ut, 

llift wint.>r nf lf*l7-18 Webb ppent. at 
J^'oples witk his mother and inro of Iiik 
niisterH, and Pnrolini joiDinfr him llu-rcr, tliey 
itttirted iu April ISItJ by way of Otranto, 
CorfUf I'nttsB, and Athens, to ihe Cycladw, 
Com^ltiUtinoplo, and tin* Tniad, rviuniiue 
by Siiiyma and Multa to Sicily, [teiiig well 
vPHMrd in IIomtT and 8trabo, W*bl( citrt- 
fully sliidird till- tDjMigrupiiy of thri Trciad ; 
and, havinf; Mine to ronc1iiEinn!i very dif- 
ferent from thowpropmindi'd by I.e GIicv-hImt 
in hid ' Voyuffii dr^ In Trnadi? dans ITH.'i et 
I78y,' hp pubiisht'd al Milan in the wintrr 
of Itj:A)-l'l his '09»-.TVDKioni ii]tomf> alio 
Ktato aiitiot I' pri?«'iite delT agro Troiano,' 
which WBA expimded in 1H44 into 'Topo- 
frraphie do la Trondi' nnciunnc cl niodemo,' 
Parw, Kvu, a work thuwiotf tuucb anti- 

Suarion and geological cruditiun. H« «♦■ 
iEcovi.'n.'d the Suutuundvr and Simoi;^, niitJ 
Mltlttd J4011II- olhwr iuipoMunt points in Ho- 
meric geography. 

A.fl<!r tliii» Wrbb KjN^nt aomd time at Mil- 
ford, where he rolleclttd many interesting 
plant* in hi» (tBrdtun ; hot in July It^-^f be 
visited thf <>ntomolofii>t Lknu Dufour at 8t. 
Sever, and after wj uterine in the »tuith of 
Franw, mnde a year's tour of Ihv ffistt^rn 
and Bonihern coa*t« of Spitin, oflU-cting 
birds, ttsfa, shrills, and e«pecinlly plants, a 
tour ftfttTwurdf^ dftwribud in hii* ' Jut lli«- 
puiwnae ' (I83H) and ' Utin Ilispaniea ' 
(18J>3). In April 1VJ7 hu vretit from Gi- 
braltar to Tuugirr, and, though he foiiuil it 
impOBeiblo to get far into the interior, madi? 
an inlnn-nting •■xplorntiori tif .lvbi-1 lli-rii- 
Hosmar and Jolx'] linrsa, monntainij npar 
Tetiinn, the flora, of whiuU iviie then entiruly 
unknown. It^'tuniing to (libmltnr m June, 
Webb devoted the remainder of the year to 
a jonrmy on honwbuek tlirnugh Portuiral, 
tbv botanical rutiuItM uf which were included 
in bis ' Iter Iliiipaniense,' lliongli hia mriny 
geological and raincrnlourical nutiMt, includ- 
ing n genlugicul map of the I.iol^iin basin, 
made in conjunction with Lniiin ilh ^ilva 
MousiiiLo d Albuipicrqiie, rvmain unpul^ 
Uebed. 

In Mnv 1R28 Webb left Lisbon for 





Madeira, and in tba follnwing- 8epteinb«v 
went on to Teiufrifli', int^'nding to ~ 

to Itniiil. Falling in with M, .Savin H«ll 
lot, however, a vfHmg Frenchman wbo 
already apent eikfht years in the i:^laiid und 
had formed a ii«rbarinm, \Vebb r«niain< 
nearly two year» in the Canaries. vJHli 
with him LJincarole, I-'eurtevmiura, n 
Cotiorin, and Pulma. They Btudii^ and col- 
lected Ihc planta, bird*, lioh, dbullfi, 
iuKcts, examined the rocks, aiialvfcd 
wati^ni, made thrrnio metrical observati 
and neglectml nothing which could h 
towards n complete physical and Btatifili 
histoiy of the nn?hii«iago. In April 1 
Webb and Berthelot enbarkcd at Si 
Cruz, and, beinff kepi out of France 
cholera ami rv>vo1niiou, wont by way of t 
coafll of Algeria tuN ice, and ibeocwtiidrnr 
In June IH-i^l thtiy cstabliAhed ihem^elv 
iu IWiti, where Webb got loicetber a go 
library ond a herlurinm finer than an? 

fnviit« collection in Kranoo, aave that of 
teh'oaert. In prennring their gr«at work, 
* Uistoire NatureUe de< ilea Canaries ' 
(IVrii*, IH-W «). i>vrtli. 4t«), Webb reaerrcd 
10 himself moet of the geolt^' and botany 
and the deacnptioiiof the uiam mid a. Berths 
lot contributing tbecthoogmphy,thRliiEhn; 
of the cononeat and of Ifac* TflnlioiiH of tiw 
ii^lnndrra with ibc Moors and with America, 
und iliv lie^cnplivv and »tatiKtical gw^ 
graphy, while the aervlces of ValRnciAitDM 
werv sts:urvd fur the de«cripl ion of tlie fiiib; 
Alcide d'*)rbigny for thn mollunka; Brull£, 
II. l.uc&e, and Macquart for the inaecUf 
Pnn! (^rrvai* for ibe reptiW; and Moquiif 
Tandon for the hinli*. Arliclra were nlw 
cnntributed by Montaene, C. H. SchulK, 
I>eeftisn*>,l'arlntore, I>e Soe, and the yon 
Keichenbacb. The iasuo of the work it 
was followed by that of a folio atlas of 
p9iit«'» by Ibe but uTlitiH obtainable. 

After Imring aptrnt fourtc*n years o 
thuprv])urulion ofthis work, travelling h 
het-wo*H Milforil and Paris, Wrbb wialwd 
visit Tunis and Egypt, to sidv-a some 
tAntcal prribliimit U-ft imMxttletl hv Vahl 
De^fontainea. but wa» twioe stopped at 
oul^t by indiflerent health and the n 
of the uiiMtiitfaciory political and sani 
conditions of ihosf tnuntrtea. He ac<ca' 
ingly in January l^4K started for FUirenM 
and Hume, the lluliau dimate suiting him. 
iind devoted two y«arB to collecting ItaJiaa 
plants. At Rome he made iJm acqaaiat* 
ance of the Counlas* Klizabelh Mazianlt* 
Kinrini, the tryptogainisi, the only womaaa 
h« Kiiid, whom \w had ever met wbo lorvd 
botanr piuwionntely. At Flormoe ba wai 
specially attracted bf the botanical gaUn? 



lUlU 




ot iIm museum, then under the ouo of bii 

friend ParlmoiT, to which hv ylAna^l to b»- 

2»«uil)i )iin libmry awl bet-lMna. It wan 
ere that in the winter of lH4y-9 h« pre- 
pared bis ' FmgiiH-ntA Murulw ^Hbio|iico- 
^KnTptucc,* uhik-b. Iiowever. whs not 
paDlub«>d until 1H.*>4 iINri)!, 8vo), owing: to 
the Tuscan reroliition nf It^ft. 

AfttT t-ix week.* at Biifin^rvft-cI^Lurlion, 
where be had botn ordr-rcfl t'>tiiltn the watent. 
in (hi) »iimin«roriSW),\Vebb revisilt-cl Spain 
to put Aume fioiBbing touches to hi* ' Ml is 
llinpuiicn.' and to visit bin friend OrneLlft, 
dinctor of tlie museum and ^rdrn tit 
Madrid, lie had reei-ntly bvea ^ren tliv 
onler uf Cbarlra Hi liv (ju(^Mn IhkInJIb, and 
on the oocaaion of tlita v'mt was e)ec;ted 
ootrreapDndiDg member of ihv Acad«-ni/ of 
SciMices nt Jdadrid at Ibe saniB time a» 

L/OVVTtifT. 

In l8ol be ri'tum^ Ui I'^njl^lnnd, and in 
Auffust. wilU hiti nephew, Godfrev Webb, 
viAit«d Ireland, and, having received uig- 
gestioDS from hi« friend John Itnll, explored 
Ouf wfljrt coBkt from Cork to KillameT, 
Dingh^, Traltw. Ijtneriuk, (iatwov, il<iiin'l- 
atone, nn<1 lliw Arauumn* [ii]4MdH, lite luiiini 
of an inlPT«>atinjr olTabooi of the Iberian 
flora which he fo wtdl knew. After a ji-nr 
deTolcd to a xynnpeiA of the flora of the 
Ouiarica, whicb' be did not live to finish, , 
■nd a aecond futilo sttvmpt to xtart (dt 
Tuoifl ill tbo HtitiimD of }St2, Webb again 
visited Itnlr and bis friend Farolini, but. 
waD reealled to Enfrland by ihp death of bi« 
motlier. InMay 1W4 be startwi for Geneva 
tovi«it his TO linger brother, Admiral Webb, 
but at I'aria wa« Miih-d with gout; and, 
tho«igb b* iM Car recovered as to be able to 
superintend on crtitchue ibo eluw-itival ion of 
hia librari' by M<H|iiiti-Tandnii, Iter died on 
Si Aufr. If^fi. He waa biimd in n mamw- 
leum wbicit he bad built, in tln-ehiin-byard 
of Milford. Tlie whole of his rnllerlioim and 
herbarium, including Ihow of I'hilijipM Mer- 
rier, lleflfootaines, 1^ Ilillnrdien-, I'nvnn, and 
C^itstave do Mont btet, together u ith cnmpl^te 
WCaoftbeplantAeollecteilbyWallich.Wi^bl, 
Oudner, and ^s?biiD)''.T, he bei|i>ealhed, wiib 
Ut endowment fi>r Ibtrir maiuteuaiiee, to Ibe 
Orattd Duke I^eopold II of Tuwany. The 
eollectioQ has a room to itself in the niuiti-uin 
at I-loreno;, where tliere ia also a bust of 
thi> donor. 

Ilesideaibeworki already mentioned Webb 
wu the RUlbor of niaay papers on rantna 
braueJies of natural hif>tory, tb« moAt iin- 
partsnt of which woh perhaps hia ' Hpieilej;ia 
Oorijonea,' a catalogue of tliD plants of the 
Cufe dflVerd Islaadi^, prefixed to Hooker aod 
flcatham's ■ Niger tlora,' IHW. 



[Xutii<a aur la vie ct Um tiaraax de Pbilii 
Borkar Vimhb, hy )l. J. Oaj, Bulletlu d* 
iktei^t^ Bi>tM[>i<ji»'iJ« Franns 18A6.) O. S. B. 

WEBB. rmUP CUfFEKKT (1700- 
1770), antiimary and politician, siippogt^ to 
b«T« beiu Iwm at DeviwH in Wiltshire in 
1700, wao adniitt-.M »ttomey-al-biw on 
:iO June 1724. II>- practifted at firat in Did 
Jewry, then removed to Budge How. and 
afterwards -H^ttK-d in Ore«t Queen Slnwl, 
Lincoln's Inn J'ields. CJn let IK-c. 1727 be 
wbft admitted ot the Middle Temple, and an 
.■* AnrJl 1741 woji admitted at Lincoln's Inn. 
Early in bis carver be an|iiin-d a frrent t%- 
jiuitttion for linowledge of n'cordu and of 
l>rw;edi-'til.'i of I'unHtitiilionnl law. On (be 
i^upprei>!tioaof the rebellion of 171i» hieabili- 
tif» iw i>oliciior on tbn triaU of the prisoner* 
proved nf great at-rviee to t he Btate. lie waa 
thu nutbor of ' Ivemarks on the I'retendor'fl 
Declaration find t'ommiMton,' ]74o, dated 
from Lincoln's lun on 1:^ l.k:t. in ihnl year, 
and of * Hemsrks on the l*retender'» Kldmt 
Son's Seuond Declanittun,' l74o, which 
eame out suhAetjuenlEv- Lord Ilardwicko 
made biui Mcn'tarv of bnnkrupta in the rourt 
of chancery, und \ii retained the po«|. imtil 
\7(iC>, when Liird Northinglon ceased to bt 
liinl ehftneclior. 

Webb M-flH elecfed F.S.A on 26 Nov. 1747 
atui F.lt-S. on 9 Nov. 1749, and in 1"51 bo 
HKiiHl ril rnnterinlly in obtaining the chartur 
of incorporation for th« Society of Anti- 
Qiiariwi (Nichols, Lif. .-Iweerf. 'ii. 712-13). 
In 174^ he ]iiiTchased ihu i-atate of itii9> 
bridge, near (be borough of Uuclemere in 
Surrey, wbieh gave him cniiMdt^mble in- 
fluence ill that eomipl eoastituetuiy. H«, 
Mt for IIuMlr-uicre in tlic iiarlinni^fnls fromJ 
17W 10 1701 tUorliRk'MSf?. in Hht. M.SS. 
Camm. l/itb Itep. vi. s;(>7), and from 1761 to 
1708. The first of ihene election* elicited 
in 17r>4 iliH wi^ll-known iMllaJ, Rttribniod 
to Dr. King, of .Sr. Mary Holl. Oxford, of 
'The Cow of llflftleniere,' whicrli luid eight 
calves, for each of wbieb a vote in Webb's 
interest was claimetl. 

In December l7Ji0 Webbwns made joint* 
solicitor to ibv treasury, nnd bi-ld that post 
until June 17<i>>; lie was c(in<(ei|ueiliry S 
lending of&eial in the proceedings ■gamatj 
John \Vili(eii, and for lui ac'S was dubbod 
by Ilorarn Walpole ■ n most villainous tool 
and agent in any iui(|uiiy,' ■that dirty 
■wreteb,' and 'a norry knave." Wi-bb waa 
tliu Itrader in seizing, ami ng the nafHrs of 
Wilkes, the TWeMinf the ' Kssay on WoinHn ;' 
and when tlie legality uf general warmnia 
was impugned, he printMl prjvatoly and 
nnanymouely a votuniD of 'Copied taken 
from the Ib^urdM of tli« Court of King's 



Webb 



loS 



Webb 



'Bendi, U)« Office-booki of iho 3wi«Un«8 vf 
8Uit9, of Wnrrants iMiur-cI bv IVcrrtariwt of 
Suite,' 1763. Ul- sLm printed 'Some Obser^ 
TBtion» on tlip lat<! clt-l<*rtnmjition for I>i»* 
chtiri^f^ ^^f- ^Vilk*^ from the Tower. Bv 
• Member of the ifouM of Commons,' 176^. 
In tbc lu-iion brought Kfpiinst W<K»d, Lord 
Egrvniont's secretttrT, for 6^in|{ WiIIcm'b 
paiK^ra, Wffbb, bs a witnp'Sfi. »votp thftt while 
in ihv boiue ' he bail nu Vvy in Itif bund.' 
For this be WAS tried before Lord Mamtield, 
with a 8iKN.'iiU jury, for pi>rjury, uii 'J'2 .May 
17tU. The trial laAtrnl Hevtii hour)', aiid the 
jurr, after an abwnre of nearly an hour, 
rvtamixl « Tcrdict of tmtRuiUy {Oml. Mm}. 
176-1, p. 241^). A mot'win hy Sir Joseph 
Mawbey {q. v.] in Xoveraber 1768 for a re- 
turn of all mom-y* pniil to Wrbh for pnwe- 
CQtiona was refuwid. <!>ii the charge made in 
the Ilouae of Commons on 31 Jan. 17'19 
thnt Webb bad bribt^l. witb iho public 
tnonCT, Michael Ciirrv to (>etray W'ilkesand 
^vv eridotici- BfiiinHt \\\m, \:n\intA pk'iuled 
on bebiilf uf Wfbli ibat hr wwa now blind 
and of impaired inlulU'cl, and the motion 
Kgainxf bim wn* cli-f>-nttHl. 

Webb died at his seat of Buabridge Hall 
on 23 June 1770. H"- marriud, on 2 Xor. 
1730, Suannna, daaght'er nf Hcnjiimin 1.o- 
dlnffCou, many years consul at Tripoli, Slie 
died at Bath on !"J Mdrch I7fil>, ftjjed l-i, 
leaving one aon,al(io called 3'hilip Ciirteret 
Webb (rf. \\> (>t. 17ea; Vorr>-*p. o/ Jekytt, 
p. 31 ). Two othtT cbildron diwu in infancy, 
eiiil, at her own desire, Mrs. Webb was 
buried with thorn in a cstp in the i^nnds 
at llnabridjnr. ' iv K-ing vncavalcd by a com- 
pany of Mildierfl quartered at Guildford ' 
(H'Aei cmii Qurrif/, 1st tvv. viii, 43). Tliey 
w«re jifti'rwnnl.'* di.sinti-rri'd mid p!a(vd in a 
vault under (JodalminK chufL-b, with a monu- 
ment to h(>r nnd bvr himlMind. In Aii|fiiiit 
17fiw Webb mnrrit'd Hhoda, daughter of 
John or Jsme^ f'otos of Dodinffton in 
01lMhir<% nnd by ln^r had no i«nie. He 
bc'iiH-Blhed to her evervtbing that be cnnld. 
Sill- marrii>d|On ftSi-pt. 1771. Edward Rover 
uf l-'umhuni, .Surrey, and iii 177o sold the 
«stal<- of Iltisbridge. 

The other works of Wi-bl) roinprisnjd : 
1. 'A lj«r1lerlo Itcv. William Warburloii on 
ftomn I'ufifagea in the ■' Divine 1^'^cion of 
Mo8«." By aOynlletniLU ofl.iticoin'd Inn,' 
1742, 2. 'Dbaprvationa on the rmirw of 
ProooeduigB in tbe Admiralty Courts,' 1747. 
S. 'KxMiptn «x InMrumentii! Piiblicia Ac 
Jtulicia,' 17.V). 4. 'Short but Tnie State 
of Facts relative to the Jew Hill," 17o3. 
R. ' The (JiucKtion wbethi-r B Jow bom 
"within the llriliHli lluininioiu coiiJd before 
the luic Act purcbii^ and bold Lands. 



By a Qentleman of Lioooln'e Inn,' 1753; 
a reply to tbo question waawriltfn by JoMpb 
Orore [q.'-l 6. 'A Short Account of Daw - 
Rwld. By li Mvmlirr of tbf Society of '^V^H 
iJquariea. Kf-ad at a meeting 1 April 17-i^^| 
7. ' A Short Account of llomesosy Boot^^ 
■with A view to its [*ubltcation. By a ^t'-m- 
ber of the Society of Antiquaries. Itead 
18 Deic. 1755/ 1756. Ilia interleaved copr, 
with additional v«per», is in ihe Uouffb ew' 
Wtion at Ibe Bodleian Librarr (Madiit, 
h'etient MSS. iv. l77-e>. )*. • Stale of FacU 
on hi« Mnjraty'it Kiifhl to certain Fe«-fani 
rtent.i in Xorfolk,' 17SH: hundred copi 
only. 9. ' Account of a CiyiB-r Tnhid wi 
1 wo inncriptions, Oreek and I.arin,di3cove 
in 1732 near Ueraclea. K««d before Anl 
ouarieo. 13 Dfc. 17W,' 1700. On 12 M 
f7[<0 be presented this table to the kin^ 
8|iain, through the Neapolitan minister, 
too royal collection at Naple*, and b« 
ceivml in return a diamond ring worth >. 
{Nicitoijs Lit. Anrci. v. S2«-7>. Web' 
wrote in tlin 'Mo€l*ralor' and contributtt] 
to the 'Philosophical Transactions.* J' 
Topliaro [q, v.] iMTred undrr him. 

The maniiscriprs of Sir Julius Cir'uir 
dispersed W aiiclion in 17-^7, and new 
on«-third of the collpctinn wn» purchi 
by Webb. TJiese, with bis other mauuscri! 
nn papiT, wcw bought from the widow 
l/ird ^hetbnme, and ar^^ now among the 
Lansdowne manuscripts at the British M«* 
seam (Prcf. to Cat. p. is). "Webb sold 
to the House of Lorda thirty manuscript 
volumes of the rolls of parliament, and the 
rest of liis library, inclitdinft his manuscrtpu 
on velhiTn,was sold on •>ft l-'eb. 1771 nnd 
sixteen following days. His most valuable 
cottiN and medals wm acqiiirt^ bv Matthew 
1)iiane [q. v.]; the remainder and (tie anriem 
marble inistjt and bronsM were wild in 1771- 
(In the di>nth of bis widow hiRotbercollect- 
tions wen- sold bv Langford. 
I A letter from K. M. da Costa lo WeWj i» 
' in Nichols's ' llliistraiions of I.iterat 
I (iv. 78S-0). In July Koi^hcobtnined 
! thvSoeiuiv of Arts a silver mt^^al for havt 
I planted n Urge quitnt ity of acorns fur tim 
I [NiclioU'« LiL Anecd. ii. 2r»-82. MS ; 
iiiu£ Hud Bniy's Surrfv, i. 630-1, ii. iS, 5W, 
iii. App. p. exii*; Linroln's Inn Adm. Reg. i. 
in-. (Churchill's Works (1804 «d.). i. IW. ii, 
288 ; Walpole's 0«Qrg« HI. (kI. Barker, paasin: 
Walpole'a Lettera. it. 183-7. viti. 260; Chno- 
lish «lX<b»tes, 1.77, 82. 120: UslkMt andUin;^ 




I'mii'l. Lit, 



Sll, iH3i infgrmaiion fnxB 



r»«iil. Jjt. pp. oil, :ta*'Jn inigrmaiioa in 
C*ptfiin W. W. Webb, M.D.. F.8.A.] W. P. C. 

WEBB. THOJU.S WILLIAM (1S)7- 
1685), iistrononter, bom at Ron in Her^ 
fbrdahire, on 14 Bee. )SQ7, was the only sob 





ofJulm Wi>bb(1776-1»09)'(]. V. He ma- 
tricuUteil from Magda]eQ llall, (ixtard, on 
SMarch iKiO, mduaUn) B.A. in l^iit wiih 
ii]»t)i<>niKticitl iMinoun, nnd M.A. in IHSlJ. 
In 1 630 he mu ordained dencoa at Ui'n-ford, 
and lic«R0«d to tba curacy of ['cnn>T(l- I !•> 
Wfts ndmillod to prieat'd ord^ro in tlit! fol- 
lowing ywir br Ci^orffB r«aac IlditlinfffDnl, 
buho|i of Ht^rcVord. Aft>TfWt!nly-flv« Team 
of diligent Oxxieb imodteniat i'>u9 Inboiir in 
tluB and olhrr pitruhes (indudinf; &. k^n^hjr 
Carm u pn^ooulor and minor canvii iL>f fHtju- 
eeater Cathedral), lie waa prcMntiMl in I806 
to ttio ecatUTi'd living uf llardwick. Hun— 
fonl*)iirt*, wliicli hv fillnil utlh ll)t? uiuiobI 
eonsci«ntioit!ineM until liis d<:>ath on h> May 
1885. He was a f«ll<)w uf tii» Kuvul A«tro- 
nnmicAl SocietT, and had a profound and 
sccHnitelaiowledKe,pncucalaiid tbeoretical, 
ofaatrunomy and optiu. From an <>nrly age 
Wvbb took a deep interwt in ilie former 
•cieoce, and oa far uach aa 18?5 was making 
naeful obaervationa, pncunors of a long, 
painatalung, and most accurate sunes. His 
nnt leloaoDpe was a 4-inc1i fluid achromatic, 
aftur which he obiwrVMl in MULrecMion with 
a S^tncb lulli>r, n •'i4-incli Alrun Clark, 
and a04*inch With rflflpctor. In IH.'.9 Uf 
iasued ' Cclwlinl ffbjwta for Common TpIu- 
BCop?f>' (London, lOmo), a work whirli it 
now I IHlK') in its Hfth i-dition, and Um <lnn» 
raore than tinv otti>;r to advancer tli(> cau»e 
of amateur obMTvatinn. IWiiles this book 
W>bh mibli«hi>d 'Optica wirhont ^Uthema- 
tic*' I London, ISfvt, 8»ot, 'TIih Sun' (Ixm- 
dnn, 188-5, l:fmo),andalittle workon'ChriA- 
maa and Eaetvr Caroht.' llv also coiiiri- 
buted largely to such puUicationa aa ' The 
Sludnul,' 'TTic Intellectual Obwn-er," I'hu 
I»ndfm Ki'view,' ' Nntnnt,' * KnowlMlffO,' 
•The Argonaut,' and 'Thfi EnjrlishMechamc.' 
H<" 'wlilrd nnit omplcl*''! ' h'» fiithiT'* ■ Mft- 
noriaU of the Civil War' (London, 1H70, 
S toIb.) Webb waa an ob«*rvt<r nf Kr*^"' 
Bbtliry. He took a tpccial intcTv^st in the 
ftudv of tlie moon, wa* a member of the 
moon committee of the Itrilisli Aiwociation, 
and an aclivw KUiiportur of thi- now defunct 
Selcno^rraphieal ^M>ci^■Iy. After hia father's 
death ill' hnlshcd editing ihe ' Military Me> 
ajoim "f (VWnel John Bin-h.' tor tUi* <.'am- 
den Soriety, and in 1870 puhlisht'd a new 
and Bolarged edition of Jolm AWibVi* 'Civil 
War in iT^n^fonbihire/ In IHS'i he became 
pnibeniiary of Hereford Cathedral. On the 
deacliof Sir llcnry Wrbh.wiTi-nth biironiif.nf 
Odfftock, Wiltshire, he succeeded in 1874 as 
head of that fiimily. Ho diud on lU May 
18B5, and wis buried bustd(< his wife Hen- 
rietta (</. 18ai), daughter of Arthur Wyatt 
of Troy Hou&c, Monmouth, in the ct-mLlcry 



Webbe 

of Milchel Troy, UttbeqtMMhed the family 
r#Ut<' in Hcrefmahlnto bia cousin, J. tl. II. 
Wfbb, and U>(1 « «iiin of ovBr 30,000/. lo 
Herefordshire charities. 

Thuni ia a waU-rvolour portrait of 'Webb 
in the poaaeMiOli of F. h. Wrhb, i-vq., nt 
lllj Jklaida Vale, London, and a good [xir- 
trait is iir^-fixi-d tn (ho fifth edition of ' Celes- 
tial Objecte.' Ry bin will he hiiqncaihod 
crrtiiin pictiirvs and articles of p1at« lo the 
tmslees of the South Kensington Museum. 

[UefDolr in tho Moolfalr Noticos of th^ R.A.3.: 
Nalnre; Hea'fl ObterrationflJ .\«ironomy; and 
Ihe biogmphioil nati^ ^refisod lir th« Hrv. T, K, 
K«pln to tae fifth editiDu uf C«lflHtiid Objects; 
Fosur'a Alunmi Oian. 17I6-I8H6; Work* in 
llrit. Mu>. Idbr. ; fiurko'a Landed Oontrj. X 
detailed memoir is in pr»|>iuatioD from tlie pen 
of Mr. S. Miiitland Jlaird GiTiimill.] A. Ma. 

WEBBE. [See also Wbbb.J 

WEBBE, E[i\\'AUU (J. 1690), marter^' 
gunurrundud vvuiun.<r,Bou of Richard Wftbbc, 
' toaster- ^utin<!ir of Kiitf land,* was Imm at St, 
KBthorinu'«. u«ar the Tower of London, about 
ir>r»4. .\t tliBsgeof twrlve his father placed 
him in the EcrviiM of Captain Anthony Jen- 
kinson fq. v.1, ambassoaor to Kuimia, who 
^ili-d from Knglnndon4 Mav \i)6S. He was 
in Jenkinson's eerric^ in and about Moscnw 
for Ilirc^ years, and ri_'tiimL'd with him to 
Cnslfuid. In 1370 hu sailed in the Rngli»h- 
Uussian fleet, underCiipttiin William Borough 
[q.v.], for Narva, and was at Moim^iw in May 
Iii71 wWnihattowii was burnt bytht* Crim 
Tartars. He became a *I«Tr tn the Tartars 
in the Crimva, but was ransomed. Sailing 
a^u from Ijondrm in tti" Hrmrv, be appcaiv 
lo havo been at Tunis when i>on John of 
AiUtriafo(.kitfnimlh.:TurkB(Octob(.Tl57i), 
and lo have rtoolii^d the rank of mastor-f^im- 
ner; hnt somt! months later the Hunrr was 
caplnred by thi; Turku, and Webbe bncame 
a ^lley slave, ' Cousttwincd for want of 
victuals,' he conaontM to serve the Turks as 
a gunner, and accouipunii-d the Turkic nmy 
to Porsin and many other tunttem count rii-e. 
About ^r,^iA Williom Harbomo fq. v.\ the 
English Bmbas.-ad»r, ransotned ft ebbf and 
ninttteun othL-nt. He encountf^red varioua 
troublm an hia way to Englaud, but ri^ached 
England safely in 1A8)). In November of that 
yi-ar hi; pToct!<oded to France, and waa made 
chief ma-MiT-gTinnT by Henry IV. Hi^waa 

Eresentatthe battle o'f Ivrv, 14 Matrh 1580, 
lit. rL'tumedaoon after to iMigtand, and took 
lodgings at Blackwall, wbare on ID May ho 
dedicat«a the little tract which recounts his 
advenluroi. Tho title of this is : • The llare 
& moat wonderful thinifes whicli Edward 
"Wcbbc ttti Englishman bonii; halh nwjub 



^Vebbe 



no 



Webbe 



ft puaed in hu tronUeaoine ti«TftilM in 
tfac Citries of JeruMlem, THmnuiflko, Bethe- 
lem & Qallolr ; and in tlit* Lande* of 
Jewiie, Egipt, Givcia, KuMin, ^ in tha 
L&nd of Pmicr John. \Vli«mn is itct 
feortii his fxtrmmi' nlnv^ria siutiuned mtnT 
yvnm txgilhur, in thi< Oallien k win of th'u 
frreftt Ttirk «ffainsl ili>> Idutdi^ of I't-mta, 
Tartaria, Spaiati, und Portugall. wiih the 
mannnr ni hi* rKli.<iui>Mni.^nt, nrid romminfi 
imoRn^landein.MavliuL I^itdnn. PrintM 
hv Riilph ItiowiT, lor Tlnmin I'avier,' Jto. 
Tht^M is no daw on thiilitliviw^i-. nnrofi Um 
titk'-pftjjfl ofa reprint ' princud by A. J. for 
Willi«inBnrI'.-y,ds\-fUin)rinltT«tioiiaStr«;t<'. 
noore leadoti liaU,' wliioh Uui* *ix woodoum. 
But tht! second edilinn. ' Nevlr eular)i^ '^'^ 
corn-ciiid Ijy ihc Aiitbor. IVint«d for Wil- 
liam WntfUt/indaled 15510. Tlie tinit xrood- 
L'ut is alt^rnd from tlia( of the prDrioiu edi- 
tion, unit Kiimo itli^lit corn'rliiitKi itiudfi in the 
taxi. Thfl trart hna bei'iv reprinK-d by 1"^- 
^^m fp8«or Atber ( LoDdon, 18(IH> auonj; his 'Bap*- 

^^t linh 1(«pniit.-«,' wirh ft cnn-fiil intrmliictriry 
^^" ' obroTLicle ' of Weblwa life, so fsr as it can 

be <lilKntan]{;ll^d from thf^confituvd and somc^ 
Une* contradictory dotaikof hia uamtive. 
Mr, Arber'ft inreati^tion «3t abliaheathe bom! 
JSde chaniirtor of Wttbbe's suiry an a whoh', 
whilw it «how» that his ni^innry n» n*^t"]ii 
datL« WAS not accurate. Tlii> tract ^re^ a 
vivid piclurv of tbo courajKo aud coastancr 
of the HliKabethan Engliahman. 

Xutbini; further is known of Wttbbe's life. 
bnl. pmuiWv ht- \* iho Krlwiitrl W'tihlji' whri 
paid a bnndi^d pounds Co l)ii' Virj^niaOom- 
[iiinr in lfi:?fl (Tinitwx, (fr^rti-, U.8.A. ii. 
I0r4). 

[Edwonl Arb6r'> edition iu KnuUah Heprinis 
mntninx ntl tlial is known of Webbo and hw 
book.] E. It. 

WEBBE, .KtJ^KI'H l/f. ltil_'-HWfi),f^rnin- 
mnrinn and phy^'iriuu, was I^nglish by hirth 
and liomnn cathniic in religion. lii> Rra- 
duatcd M.ll. and Ph. I), at mm^ foreign uni- 
wreity, pi^rhnpB i'ndun. Jii I'll^ he piib- 
lishE^d at Krinicanit«tri]o^cal woric cntitlL-d 
'Miua< Ca'lwteji AflecUis wj['*"'*"''hiis du- 
nunoinn!--*, hoc anno HilS,' %vo. Befortt 
Itt^'J he reliirntid to l^ng:Eaiid,UTid in 1G23 
WHS n;si<linti; in thi;Ohl llailev. He utroiiiilv 
ftdviWfitM ti rollnfiiiinl miilhod of tt'aching 
lansruagt'e, pr-jpoisin^ '" i-xtcnd it n»rn tn 
tho cbi.«i(vil ton)^iifp, and to [lohst.itute it for 
the pednmic manner uf (n^titnmutical study 
in goiicral iul-. In UVi"' \u- pnbliAhi>d. in 
ffnppon of hif views, * An Appeulo to Truth, 
in llw Controuereiw bctwecni- Art and Vm>' 
(Lrindon, 4to1. whirli he »upplvin<!nl«d in 
1023 by 'A Petilioo to the lligh Court of 



nvliamMit, in the behalf of Bmiaieiit uid 

auclieotJqkipAntborB*(Ty>iidoD,4toKin«biok 
ha sayo thai his sysiem ba* rvceired «n- 
oouni^ment from James I, and that ha 
vriifaM to rccvivtr a monopoly of iho ri^fht to 
teach by his mclhnd. Jcdia Oec [q, t.], in 
bis 'Foot out of ihu Snant,' di!acnbu4 bim iiv 
16^ as reaidio)^ * iu the Old Kajly,' wbure 
' ho prvtendetb to teacb a new gvyne way to 
kanie lan^tuit^rji, and by thi« occasion mar 
inveigle diaciples.' Hin latest work, dodi- 
catod U) Cbarles I, appmred in 1636,entitl«d 
' Vaiia et Authoritas' (^London, l^no), a 
tn^atise on hexametera and peaUiiiet«tt. 
N\>hbe waa also tlio author of a tranaUtiea 
of 'The Familiar Kpietlc* of Cicero' (^Lon- 
don, 12mo), undaleu, biitprobablv published 
almiit W2Q. 

[WobboH Workii; Foley s ItAcord of tbc Eng' 
lixli I'raTtncn of ilip Sm. of Jfsus, i. C8S.1 

E. I. C. 

WEBBE. SAMUEL (1740-l(»lft), musi- 
cal »)m|Ki*er, the Hnnof affovitrnmvnt oJEi 
who dii'd in Minorca about 1740, wai* 
in Ktijfbiiid in 1740. OwiuR to porerty, 
mother could do nnchini; bert*^r for her soa 
ihnn iippnintictf bim at th« age of elereti 
to a tradn. Mis »rv«n years of cabinet- 
making OTBT, Webbe applied htmscif to tJw 
study of languaffes. llis mother had died, 
aud, to support oimself, ho capi(»d music far 
a dealer, and ihii.s nitractcd tht? notice 
Barbandt, a musician, who thettcefor 
Rsve Iiim Iwsoiis. Webbe soon adopi 

music as his prof&i-iion. It in likt^Ir lint 

depntiaod for Barbandt at the chapel.-i of the 
Portuguese and IlnriLrian embnsaie-n. In 1 Tlbl 
hv won the firm ofhistwencyHixjiriae medab 
from th>« Caleb (^Inb, of which be waa a 
membt'r from 1771. On the rvei^atioa of 
Worn-n Home in 17'J4 Webbe was appointed 
the club'i> secrocary, and was actively em- 
i>lny«d in its inlfre'els utitil lyii' (prvfaooto 
W. Lii(i,BY't< Hfguimi). Un the •^taUiah^^ 
meni, in 17^7. of thu Olw riub, WflU^H 
bM-amothe libranan.and he ioinnd thaOM^l 
cf-ntores ^7odal(.« goou after tJie foruatioD of 
their society in 178fl. 

Webbo producud about tbr«j hundred 
pWs, caaon*, calcbi>s, and pnit-sontrs, and 
upon tbiii work hi.'i fanii^ cbicHy rvsta. In 
ilio iiumntime he had become organist. toUic 
chnpel of th« Sardinian embassy u«ar Lin- 
coln's Inn Fielda, and was announa-d in tint 
• I.aity's I'iroctory ' of 17Uy to givn inatriM>* 
tion frratis vwry Friday avt'ning at aemi 
o'clock, ' to such young g6Bit]«ineu as pPMsnt 
tb^nuolve* to learn the chun^ miuio.* 
Among his pupils and choir-boys 
John !>unby [c[. v.\ OhnrlM Knyvott 
youugpr [WW under Ksitbit, Oua 



nusi- 



UIM, 
BC fa^i 

»thi| 



W'ebbc 



JTt 



^^^ebbe 



17&S-1B£J1. Owles Dignum [a.v.\ mi Vin- 
cmt NoTuIlo [q. ▼.] Thi:' cuapfl of ihi* 
HiMinislt erobtflBT, nenr Mant-heawr Sqiinrv, I 
UBO enjoTfd bJa wrvicvviprobutrly nft*ir Dan- , 
hy'sd*r«Ui iu l7!IHuriiillhi>voiingrr Webbo's | 
kpuohitnieni. 

NWbb'- flipH M bi« cliAn]ii4>r<ui(]ntv'it Inn 
on 'J't March |r4l(l. Hia gnve^iionti lo Old 
61. I'ancraa Gnrdena (ohcm iIib chiirchvard) 
bas diMip]}ciir«d witbio tli<^ IwU (av ytura, 
bui a irmuitv obv>ltsk «*&« erect«<l in iu stM<l 
in 181>7. 

Wobbe wa» ' tb* lv|iical giw compoBor' 
^UATBr),andM beti known by such polisliri] 
uh) beaut ITliI pi(!Cfitii8'H'h>'ii win(l> brunt liL- 
»oft,' 'Swiftly fmtn lUt! momituiii's brow,' 
•Glorious Apollo,' ■ Tliy Toice.O HarmDuy,' 
and ' C'ouid liv>^ witli mr.' Hut Iua motets 
are tliU rant>r-nntly «un)r in Ttoman catholic 
cliarchce. His bymiis inclu']<.* nn ' (I Halu- 
tam,' known in Anjilii'an brmn-bnok-i ui 
* MelcombA : ' on ' Atma l!c(!t)uiptoris ' 4 ' A1- 
ma'): a • Veni S«nct<; S]iiritii!<' ("Come, 
Thou Holy Spirit'), and the popular baruio- 
nivMl v«r*ioti of a Urej^naii ' Stabat. Mat4-r.' 

Atnoofr ^^~ebbl;'8 numerous publtoationa 
srr: 1. In roiijuuction with bi* hod, nint* 
books of vocal music in parte, 17(U 9-i; 
nfWrwanlii ri*i'i;bUi>imi) in 3 vnU. IHll'. 
Manr of Wi-bne's glsofi are re-fidilud (ir rv- 
publifibed by H'Btrwn, IdilUh, Olipbiint, 
B00M7, nn<) NoviJlo. '2. Hnnf», nf wbicli 
the but known may have bc«n tlu; simplu 
uit.'lodv, 'Tbf Manitinn nf P*ac«,' l"8o? 

3. 'Od.0 to St. Cecilia,' mix voiciw, ]"90. 

4. 'A Oyllectton of Sacred .Mo^ic us used in 
litis Chapel of the Kinfr of Sardinia in I.nn- 
doii^ by 81)1001-1 W>.*bb«,' iv> dat«, obi. folio. 
It wmtaini upwnrdi* of twonly motots, and 
■ussea in i) minor fur tfarvf voicrs, mid t} 
major for four voiinih, iieitLnr pubiitthed in 
B, * A CollMnion of Masses for Small Cbuir*,' 
I79i (No- 1 wa* priuti-il by Skilli-m in 
irtti 1 ; thpy are tiiinpty wrillen, some for 
1wo parlfl only. (f. ' A CoIUction of Mntirt* 
and Antipbons," ITW, print^-d by WehlM^'s 
jMrmidHion, allbou|Zb b« had no intention 
of nrinlinft them. 7. 'Antiphona in nix 
Book* of Am hems,' 1818. H. ?>erui mosses 
rearranged for three and ft^ur voirtcs, in- 
cludinir two rnjiiit'tn nia»<L-« in O minor and 
K minor, nfvi-r brfiire ]iitbliiili<rd, IHftl. All 
W.'bbp's rhurrh mudic has been TO-edJUid 
and republi#li<-d by Novello. 

ia«n(. Maf. 1814. I SCD. $4J; Qnnrlarly 
Mii<ii<-Al Mngnaine. IA18 p. 210. ISil p. SS3. 

twMiin : Grrtw't Dictiftiury, i, 323, 383. iv. aR7; 
laTevVIlMt. of Knffliith Muaiv', p. 114 ; Cnnsii^k.'* 
Kpitiphs in St, Pinicnx. p. 08; Duitv Kcws", 
26 Jwly lfi97: T.ihlet. 21 July 1897: infar- 
lioil from liie clioirmii«t«T of tbe Satdiniii 



M 



Street carbolic ehnreh, vbare a rnhnas of tb« 
nra'CuIlucteitnof Racind Hitxk' t* pnaerved; 
infornintiou fn>m Kev. K. B. Skiiik«y. M.A., 
Mu«. hue. Oxon. : HuibaritiM citad.l 

WKIJIIE, SAMUEL, the youngw 
(1770!^-184.'S), teacher and composer, tbe aoB^ 
nf Hainnf 1 W.'bbe 1 1740-I81fi) fa. v.'}. wna 

bom in London about 177U, and Rtudifd 
tlu« organ, piano, and rocal ci3nij)o«ittoit 
under uis father and Clemvtiti. Wi-bbe is > 
his actiro init're»t in the glee clubs fullowed 
iu tbe fool^lvpsufhis fu(h'<r. Uv composed' | 
many excellent cnuonH an^i glMcii, but iuj 
\7!iH* hu settled in Liverpool, a» organist tOj 
the uniliirinii chapel in Pnrddttw StnMt, 
Abnat 1817 l)f< joinnd John Iternard ]^gi«r 
[q. v.] in lAindoa in teaching (b>e u»e of ihu 
cluro]diM, \\'rbb« b«»c«mo onanist in tht* 
chapel of iheSp»nisbembawy,Defiire return- 
ing to Liverpool, whrre he was Hl)pOtnt«d 
or^niat to St. >icli'dr< und 10 St. Putrick't 
]l»Dian cathglit; chapel. He died at Ham*. 
mLTfliuiili on 2') Xor. 1^43. Hia aon, Egcr 
Ion \Vebb«(lHIO-I8-IO|,wrot«Tjjxm muiucal' 
subiectA: his dauf;hter married Kdward 
nolmM [q. v.i 

Webhi« pnhUtbnd, in conjunction with h'u 
father, ' A Collection of Ori^uul J'aulm 
Tune*,' 1^00. llv was also the author of 
several authemfl, niadri|od«, and jiWw, be- 
8ide* a Alnos a-nd a .Sanctum, and a Chantd 
for St. Panl's Cathwlral. Jle vrote-settingS 
for numeroita m>n^ and bulhid^. About 
IS-'SO he published ' Oonvito Annonici>,' a 
cotk'Ction of uiudritrale, glees, duets, cauons, 
and ratoJii'ii, bv niiitit'iit fompoaera. 

[Rrovti anil ^ralton'ii Britinli MumcnI Bto- 
gmjiliy, p. 137; nuthorilie.i cited] J,. M. M. 

WEBBE. WILLIAM (yf. IfiOS-Ififtl), 

author of 'A Uiscourse of Kiiftliflh Poeirio,' 
wiu>ii nti'mlter of St. .lohu'v Colleffe, Cani- 
bridpj, where lie was ac<iiiainre(l with 
Onlirit'l Hnrify ami Kdmimd H|>eiiser, H« 
(TTOduaUtd R..\'. in l')?^-^. .Abont !5H3or 
IWI he wa" privnt* tutor to the two joiiJt of 
Edward Sulyurd of Floniynffs in the pariah 
of Kunwfll, Eswx. When thtjsi' pupils 
reached inanhoud Webbe went, pntbably 
npiirt as pnvatu tutor, to tbe family nf 
Henry (frey (cuuitin of Ijidr ./atiu Orey), 
at Pirpj in the ^wirifih of HaviM-injr atte 
Btiwer, KMfx. Orn- nf (Jn'y's dauRhten 
was married to & William Sulyar<i, From 
PirRo on M Auff. 1391 Welbe 'latos a K'iti.'r 
to his friend Robert Wilmot [_fi. 156;^) 
[q.v.], which is pretixed to tlm i-dilion nf 
'Tanert'd and Gi»mund' reviMi) und pnb- 
lifhed by Wilaiot in 1592. Qrey'e wifu 
was one of the hiilie!) to whom tbe tng^Wi 



Webbe 



III 



Webber 



ted. From tbu Iett«r W«bbe would 
kT to have been prrwnt whm thf finl 
vmioo of tbt: pUj in Ir'iO^ at tbu Inner 
Temple w»s ' coriousl^ actwi in viuw of iw-r 
ini^MtT, bv whom it iras then prinreW 
aec«pU<d.' ' Notbing more ie known of 
W*hbe. 

Vhilu bv was al I'lomyngs in (h« '•um- 
Mer ev<-nings' app«r«ntlv of 15t*6 Webbe 
compoaed * A Dificcmnv of English Povtric. 
TogtthtT with thu aulbon judgment tAurh- 
ing the reformalioii of our English Verse. 
By William W*bb*, gradimle. Imnrinli^ 
•t London, hv John Cnarlewflod for Itiiberr 
Walley, IQSO/ Uo. This was entered oii tho 
'StAtionera'R«gi«l«r,' 4 Sept. 1M6. (>nlT 
two eopiu on^ known — oue u in Slalgnes 
CoUecUon at tbt? itodltiun, and the other lA 
now at Britwvll, It wa» n'unntml in ' An- 
cient Critical ]-I«a«ja, edited by J. Ilai-le- 
wofvd.Ixmdon, 18Ifi'(,ii. IS-l*.'), nnd by Ed- 
ward ArbeT autong tbt* ' Kn^cltxh lifpriiilj' 
in 187C. Ilw work show* \\'ebbe to liave 
been iutimatelyaDdintcnigrtilly acjtuiintnl 
with contL'inporary Knglish juietrr and p,->eta. 
It h dedicated lo Edward Sulyard, and Iihk 
a prefara * to tlit" noble ;M»ii- nf l-'iigland.' 
At the end of the * Discourse ' the author 
piiota bu own version in hexamfKir* of the 
flnt twoaclogufiA of Virgil. It appears from 
the dedication (llc^e alao Di*eotir»f, p. 66, ed. 
ArlwO that h.i bnd pri^viouslyrranslatod the 
whole eclogufB ititu a t-omuion Knglish metre, 
pirobablyli.'ndt.-casyllsbJe«,forSuryard"flfion«. 
The eclogues art' followed by a table iu Eng- 
lish of'L'an noiiJi (ir ffi'neml Cautions of I'oetty,' 
cnmpibd from Horai^n by Qeorg« Fobriciue 
{IWH-loiltofCbemnitx. A«bort'KpiIogu(t' 
oondudes the tract. It is of hl^b value uud 
iotereil as a Htorefaouse of Rlluttion* to con- 
temporary poot«, nnd for the light il. thnwii 
upon the critical ideas of the Cambridge in 
which Spenser wan bred. It is a proof of 
Webbe'G taste that lie perceires the supe- 
Tiorily io contemporary vcr«c of the ' Sbep- 
hwd'B Calendar' {{(>. pp. 23. 36, h>, 81). 
He 1-riLiiHlnii's Spenser's fourth ocloguo into 
quaintly nbaurbsttpphi(»,iti;dbit> hexameters 
are fK-u'rc«1y better ; but bis protest against 
'lhi« riiikerly Terse which wu t^I rhyme' 
must not be judifd by hit attempts at com- 
positJon in cluaical metres. 

Warlon meotions 'b smalt blat-k^let* 
tared tract entitlpd "The Touchstone of 
Wittes," chiefiy compiled, with n)me plunder 
additions, from William Wphbe's "Dis- 
COUW1I3 itf En^'Uflh IVtry," written by Ed- 
ward Hnki> and print^-d nt I^ondon bv 
Edmund BoUifant' (Uittory of Ensiuh 
^tnf,^A. ]P70, p. 804); but no copy i» 
known to be extant. 



ICoopsr ■ AtbsN* CnUbr. ii. IS ; nota lad 
prolegoanw to P i g f asa ar Arbers reprint a( Ibo 
DiMoime, I87<t ; Mortur'a Koglttb Writer*, ia. 
M.J R.B. 

WEBBEK. JOHN (I750?-179.Tt, Iand< 
Bcapc-paintiirr, wae bom iu London nbont 
1760. His father, Abraham Weber, w%d ■ 
SwtM Eoulutor, who, at the a^ of twenty- 
four, »etll>-din Knglnnd.anj^Iicised bis Dame. 
and married an KnglifJiwoman namr-d Maria 
Quatiill. John, their eldest child, was teat 
when six }-eain old to Bcme to be brought 
up by a maiden aunt who resided there. At 
the age of rhlrtiix'n he was ^aoed with 
J. L. Abcrli. a -Swim artist of reput<?, 
whom he was instructed in both portraitt 
and Undtfowc. Three years later he ' 
enablad, witn pecuniary aavintjuicv from 
oiunicipal autnoritiei of Berne, to nroc 
Io I'aria to compM« lii> training, and there 
be resided for fire years, studying in the 
academy and undpr J. O. Willo. H« then 
retaniMl to his family in 1.onilon. and 
for a time empkived by a builder in d<.'Contiq 
the int<>rinr9of uonses. In 1771! beexhibiC 
at the Itoyal Academy ■ portrait of 
brother, which Attracted thi* notice of 
Solander, and this led to hii^ appointment i 
draughtsman to the third and Inkl cKprdilHl _ 
of C'aptatu Cook to the South Sc-ad. He 
returued in 1780, having witncewd lh« 
death of Cook, and wax then employiil for 
tome time by the Admiralty in making' 
finished drawings from hi« »ki>tchw for lb>- 
illui^lnttiuus to the account of the expedition 
which was published in 1784. These w«n> 
(•ngraved by WopUett^r-ft wmi'Y , f nd ft>| |f<*. 
.Subsequently «'ebb«'r painted many viewi 
of pictaresfjue paru of England and'Wat-->, 
as well as of Switxerland and North Italv, 
which he visited in 1787. Between 17P7 
and \.~91 he published a series of sixtveo 
vicwe of places riiiitvd bv him with Captain 
Cook,etcued and coloured by hinuelf. Fmia 
1784 he was a nwular exhibitor at iIk 
Koyal .\cademy, of wbich he was elected 
an associate in L7S'i, and a full member ui 
1791. Jlis puiutiuga werecarefuUv Bniihed. 
but weak in colour anil drawrng. FTii 
ruprCKcntalioii of the doatU of Captain Oool 
was ungrai-vd by Byiiw ajid B«noloui, •ad 
his portrait of the explorer (now in tbe 
N'ntidtinl Purlrait Gallery), which be p^lsil 
at the Onp^ of Good Hope, was also eiunnd 
by llurlolozzi. Webber died, unmuned in 
O'xford Slre.>t, London, on if.t .^pril ITBS. 
lie iK^uesthed hia Academy diploma to the 
public lihrarjr at Berne, where also ■* * 
portrait of him painted bv himself. 
brother, llt-nry Webber, practised ■« 
sculptor, but wiiUoilt distinction; thot 



'^eber 



T13 



•^eber 



tUMjC 10 Uarrtck in \Vvalfai[ifil«r A.bb<*y ih 
liie work. 

I NrqjjilinitJek <]«r Kun>(IurumlI*cliHft in 
Zurirh, No. 17 (wiih poitrnii): Sundliy'B lliu. 
<'f lh(> liojal AcMlotny; RnlgniroB lliot. of 
Arti«». 1 F. M. 0'1>. 

WEBER, IIENItY WIIXrAM(I783- 

l^l):*), (KJilor of pUvi ntul romaitc^H mid 
litf^rnrv auUtAOt of Sir AVftltt>r Scoci. is said 
tu hkvv bwn ih'.' i»ou uf u W*»tplialiau wliu 
m«rritvl an KngliAhwaman, aiul Lo have 
been bora at Ht. PeivrsburR to I7^:i. lie 
'taiK^petl lo tbUcounlry in 1S04 rrnin miH- 
frwTimps in his own." nnil waa st-nt dmvn 
with hm motlipr to I'Miiiburph ' by Bomw of 
thf L'lndoti books'^ll'Tii in a hikif-stArvt-il 
At«l«,' Scoit pitied their coadilion, «m- 
plort-d him from A ugiut 1 fSOl ns bi« 
aaiknuensut, and Kciirea for htm profitable 
work in litvmrure. Weber was ' An excel- 
lent and ntK^tionntL' t:n>iilun-,' but wn.< im- 
liutHi with Jaciibui 11 riiw:i|tlb«, about which 
Scott used to taunt Lim. IIowos 'alHii^ted 
with pnrtial iniMiiiitv,* f-vpr^jaltv iitKk-r iht- 
int1iii>ncA of strong drinkB, lo which he was 
DCCiibionBlly sddictwl (.SrciT, Journal, I^iK), 
i. nn». Scott'a famity, withwbom hi; oftt:-n 
<liiicd, liked his appuamnce and nmanere, 
and wcTfp!«wod bytii* ntorc!* ot knowledge 
and th« ri^miiiiacencvs of a chtHiuer-'d carvi-r. 
Aft^T Cbrifltaiafi XUVA a (it of mndneas seixed 
\^'ebcr at dusk, ut tbv closi; of a daye work 
in the Muue ruom with his umployvr. Hu 
produced * pair of pifttoU, and cballeiigfd 
Scot! tv mortal coiuimt. A parley eiuuiKt, 
and Weber dined with ihi^ SooTts: nnxX dny 
he was put under nsfitmint. Hia friendii, 
with MiiDf lUMUtani^- friim St-otl, nupported 
liim, 'a hop<'ltv(A lunatic.* in an asyluiTi at 
Vork. Tliere he died in June 1818." 

Soott dft«cribe* WWt a-i ■ a man of vrty 
duperior niiAinmeiUf), lui exci-llj'nt lingui«t 
itni) f^oo^apher. and n remarkablo anti- 
quary.' lie (lilted ■ Th« Itatllu of Fludik-ii 
Field; a Po»in of the Sixteenth Ceiitiiri', 
with TariouK Readings, Nutus,' Sic, 180^; 
Nuwrastle, IHIU. Sixt«eii copiiM <if Uin 
' XnicB and Illustrations* weru struck off 
iM-|i«r«t«dy. Scott ad*i«tr<l him in tliu pub- 
liraiion andsupnliedmateriaLs. 2. 'Metriral 
K<itniinn<8 of the Thirteenth. Fourteenth, 
and SiKt«-nth ritntiiri'e.^, with Introduc- 
tion. Not«H, and CtlossurvV ItilO, 'A toU, 
r>i-Jicribed by Houthdv n« ' odmirublv edited' 
(Ze«#M, ed."Wartt!r.'ii.3(W). .t, 'Dnitnutic 
Works of John Ford, wiOi Introdadion 
Aiid I'^xplanatory Xotva,' 1811, 2 vuK He 
was not Akillnl in old Kn^^ltidi Litpmtiin<, 
and did not collate the earlj editinna of thi^ 
plays. Thia work aruussd a storm of angry 

TOL. t.X. 



cTiranient (cf. FoRU, Woykt, ed. Oifibrd, 
1827, vol. i. pp. li-clxxx; I^tlerla H'iliiaMt 
Oifford, by Octaviiis Oilchrint, I Si I ; Letter 
to J. P. Ketaftle fonoii., by O. I). Whilttnff- 
tonj, IS! I ; letter tv Kiehard Jlrbrr [anon., 
brltev, John Mil fordj, I8l2). 4. • Worka 
o^ B«iiiun)out and Fletcher, with lalroduc- 
tion and KxpIaBatory Notes,' 1812, HvoU.; 
ocknowledtied by Scoll, whoeo own anuo- 
lalttd inlition jitijiplidl thn moiit vatunblit 
notes, to havij b^n 'caiMlosslr done;* Uyce 
ajiuakJs of it as *nii the whuli* the btitt edi- 
tion of the dramatists which had vet ap- 
peared ' i tVor/it of Iteaitmoni and thtcher, 
1843, vol. i. r. iii). 6. ■ Tales of tb.r Eaat ; 
comprising tiiu mast I'opular lUimauovs of 
Oriental Origin and the b«>at Imitations by 
Furripeiin .\ulhure,' I8I1', 3 vola.; the pre- 
laee won borrowed from the 'Tartarion 
Tales' of Thomas Flloyd of Dublin {.UHe- 
nantm, 14 April 1S94, p. 471). 0. ' IVpular 
Itoroant^es, consisting of Ima^narv VoTnMS 
and TrareU,' 1812 (Lonsnu', jJiW. 'AUm, 
I'd. (loHn, iv. :*8fii). 7. 'Cient<ah^f?ioal Ilia- 
torj- of Farldom of .Sutherland, by -Sir Ito- 
b«r*t fiordon feditdd by Wi-bi-rl," 1811 
8. ■ lUudtruiioiU of Xortheni Aiitiquttie 
from the earlier Teutonic and Scaodinavian' 
KomauciTd./ 1814; in this Wuburwos auistod 
by i>r. .lamiMAon and Seott; it i* a wnrh 'of 
udrairablu learning. ta£te, and exucutiun* 
(Uo»coK, Gennan A«m/m(?, iv. p, 0). 

[Orrjt, Miiu;. 1S18. i. 616; NivhuL-V IlluHir. of 
Lit. Hist, vit- 213-18: I/vkhnrfs .Srott(lBI« 
i-il). pp. nr.lH, I5H.ll. HVI. 2:17. :iil-2, ai3; 
Byruu* Puwni'.tKr. 1888, i. 39«; Swtl'tiJounial, 
i. lid; .Scott'a Lettars,i. 330. .187; Smilasa 
Jtiha Murmj. 1. 145, 172, 2(9; Pinkerton 
Cormi). ii. 408-7.J W. I', C. 

WEBER. ()TTO (IS;M-1SS8), painter, 
son of Wilhelrn Welier, a merchant of 
liorlin, was horn in that city on 17 Oct, 
I8tt:i!. lie studied under Professor Stvifeck, 
and was also much inflnenc«d by Eu^n 
Kriiger. H» became a very skilful painter 
of landsrapes and animals, working both in 
oU and watvrcoloun^ und hi* picturva wvnt 
much admired in Paria, where he resided 
for soma veara and was awarded medals 
tbn Salon' in lHfi4 ftn<! IrttiS). tin thv out ^ 
bn-ah of the Franj^o-German war in !a7(^ 
Weber left Francu, ond, aflt-r a stny of two 
year* in Komy, canift to Landon, where ho 
itetiled. He was a regular exhibitor at th« 
Roval Academy from 1874 until his di.-ftlli. 
In"i87nhe was elected an associate of the 
'Old Watercolour' Society, and he also 
became a membor of t he Inslitutti of Paint-vrfl 
in Oil Oiiloum, He received many coju- 
rolnsions from the qufen. Hift beat work, 
' The First Snow on the Alp," io now in Ilia 




I 



Mi'ltKiiime Oallerf. Ilia ' IhMig^IiiY and 
Carlule' (h«f tnnj^ffty'a pel dogtl, '"fwidv 
Colres,' wid ' A Sumiy Tiny, CookliWB,* li*ie 
be«n eof^ared. \Vi_'bvr diod in Iiondon, ^tor 
a long illnva«. od J^i l>w. li*^. 

[llagct'olIai.uflhe'OldWntMmloiir'Saeirtx; 
Brrui's Diet, of pMoUn utd BogTs*«r« < Arni- 
•treng).] F. M. O'D. 

WEBSTER. AI.EXAXnca (ITO"- 
1TS4), Scots wriUT. wu» iIr- m>u of Judm 
Wtt>-I rr, hv his secmd wife. Affotw. datigliteF 
af Alexanilcr Mciuuva vf Culler in Lsuark- 
e\urv. 

Th^^ffttli^T.JAMEaWKBHTERtlfiMe-lTSOX 
iiiiiii$l4.T, WHS bora in 10d8 or !0r>9, sik) 
■lu<1iL<il lit St. Andn-ws UMivpriitT.biU.qiiBr- 
reUinji; with Archbishop Jsharp, he hmd to 
]«aTi> ihe univt-rsity hcfiin- hw took hisM..\. 
tlotfn^o. III! ioiai'U the (.'ovtfnant«rs rqiI 
twice ^lutTi^nKl imprifloiiiueiit for his rrlifpoiw 
o])iiiioiui. Afl«r ihL- n.-voluii'>n lie was ap- 
pointed pTt-Jib) it-riaii niiiiiMer of LiberCoii 
(Hftiir Edmburchl in Id^*^. vta rumori-d to 
W|iil<>kirii ill ItiDl.utid thctic« iu l(tU3 to 
the; rollffiat'O church, Edinbuixh. which ho 
retained until his di-nth on 18 M»y 1720 
(Scott, Fn*ti Ef^lfA.Scnt. i. .M, llfi,3Aft). 

Alexfljider \\'eb9t«r was born at Edin- 
burgh ill i r07, Slid wa,* i^uuitM fit thfihigh 
Bi;h'".'I ther".'. In 17-JS he was licensed a» a 
|»n-nchpr by the prwhytery of Il«<ldinf|:ton, 
und in the sAmt- yonr wck Appointed abmh- 
tant and suucuMor lo Allan Logan, minister 
of Culrou. On Lonrnti'd dt-nth in .S>'pt*nibcr 
1733 Webster (is«umfd ihu full fhurifv, utid 
in June 17<17 he wns translated to the Tol- 
booLh churoh, Edinburgh. \VfbsliT'» 
fiivtniritti study hiid b<t>n nialheinatics, and 
h« applied hb knowludjre in a philnuthrupic 
manner. In 1743 ba hiid Iwfom iht: fteni>ral 
neMnbly a propoaal for proviilinii^ annuities 
for the wiuowB of cl>-'njym«u, IjftKJntr liij* 
plan upon actuarial calcnlaTloii-i. Tn obtain 
informaliou that would ennble Iiim ln for- 
mulate bis scheme, \m put himit*-1f in enin- 
inunicallon witli nil (he pn>^Liylvri«« iu 
Bcotland; and the tables of aTerap.' lon- 
gevity drawn up by him woro ^o aceurate 
Uiat they havn ■incfi formed the basis for 
siniilfir calculations mudc by modern life in- 
sumnc" comiinniiw, \Vt?lwilHr rt?Of iv«d io 
1711 thclJinnks of the general assprobly for 
his labours. In Au)^uiit t74K he wiv np- 
poini«d rhiplnin tn thp IVirre of Walea; 
and on ifl May 1753 he was ulectwl mode- 
rator of th" f^eQi'ral a'i.^embly. iYr^vimis to 
I7r>r) no census had been taken in Scotland, 
and the ftovemment, tlnviii(?h Lnnl-pn^itideiit 
Ouiidan, conuniwioned Welwter in that year 
t« obtain figurea w to the population. Sir 



Itobert Sibbald [i). v.] had proji-ctetl an <-nn- 
rovraiJOD of xkuk kind in lOdi, but it luJ 
ntfrer been acoompliahad. Tlw plan talcea 
by Webster ww to tend a ftctuslule nf 
qiiprioa to trrery pariah minister in Scotland, 
and from the repli»'it thim obtAin«>d 1m^ made 
op the first cen»ii« of the kin^om in 17'" 
The maanserinti* of rhio work are now Intl 
Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. Th«y wv 
uud by Sir John Sinclair [<\. t.] w£«n 
made up bis eutiftical account ot Scot 
at the elooe of last oeutorv; and Sinrl 
adopted the system which Webfter 
deviH^nJ. On 21 Xor. ITG<) \\>biiler obtain 
iXw dfpve nf D,l>. from Kdinbtirph I 
venJty. In th« followinj; month he 
oni* of a di^putatiiU) a^nt by th(r f^ene; 
n&sembly to present an addres«toGeor^ I 
on hii) aocrHion Ut Che throne. He w. 
appointed general collector of the miniat 
widows' fund in June 1771, and in ttafc 
Vi«r waf> madu on>! of his mijueiy's chap- 
1 a ins-in-ordinary for Scotland and a di 
of tbu Chapt'l iJnyal. He died on 2-~> J: 
1784. Iu \7'A7 lip married Mhtv, daugh 
ofColonelJobn Erskine of Alva, by vboin 
he hnd i>ix »im» and a dau}(fat«r ; his wife died 
on L')» XdT. I76fi. 

Webster was a devoted adherent- of the 
hnii»e of Hanover, Wh*n Prince Oharte 
Edward entered Kdinburi;h, Wcl»l«r was 
almost the only minister who re-mained in 
th<r city: aikI it \n luid that it wa« through 
his importunity that C'olouel James GurdtQiir 
(16S8-174oJ ^q. V." was induci>d to precipitate 
the encounter ul I'rvstoupuw, where Gardinar 
wassUin. Af)erCullodenhadtt?nninat«dtlie 
Jocobile ri*iut!, Welnter pn?achul a sennOB 
in the Tulbwth i-huwJi on 2.1 Jim.^ 1746, in 
whit-'h be i-ulo^isei! the conduct of tbft Duka 
of Cumbi-rlnnd. He in credited with 
BUlhorithip nf th« nonr, 'Oh, how could 
tent lire I o love one Ute tbeel'whifh 
fir^r publidiHl in the '8cot« Maf^zine' 
1747 (ix. SSiJ), and in often referr^ to ae a 
model loTo-sonfT- It ifl said that he mig- 
jested to Lord-provost Ocorge UruDuaood 
the plan for the mnatruclion of the new 
town of Kdiuburg'h which has since bwn 
carried out. 

Hisporimit, painted by Dnrid MartiOfWas 
placed in the luill of the ministers' widows' 
ttind ofEc^, iLTid an f-nfraved portrait was piib- 
li»hi*d in thy'Scou Mspuioe'for 1602. 

Hia prinripdl publications are: 1. 'Uiviw 
Intluence the True Spring of the Hxtraofdi- 
rmr)' Work at Cambuslang,' 1742 (a de^encA 
of the revival that fnl!ow»d ^^llit«fiHd*s 

{reaching;): second edition witb pO*t»cript, 
742, 2.'VindicationofthoPoM«eriptVir4A. 
Q. ' Calcutatioua, with the Principle .aaJ 



1, in 




Webster 



"5 



Webster 



Data an which thfiy ure instituted Tel«tive to 
thw W idows" Scheme." 1 7«. 4. ' Zeal lor the 
Civil and ItelifriottA InieresU of Mankind 
commODded,' I'M. 

[Chacilffns EroiBeut S4.-DKmi-t). ed. L873 iii, 
M6; »eoU MuuiiMt. U-i; is. M9, 1602 1x17, 
277.3fU.4n; ^U'> Futi,i.d1,iv.5KS: Cftla- 
logva or Edinbiugb Qradunimi, p. 243-1 

A. H. M. 

WEBSTER. Mm. -VUGtSTA (1^37 
lft*4). coet, wbj* horn at I'lmlr, Diinwt, on 
30 Jul. 1$-'i7 flier full rliri»lian n^iuiea were 
Julia Auf^i'ta). llirr fnlh«T, Vio>-HJinirnl 
G«>rgHi I)iivit« (1^*0 187*i)i *tMine<l (Trent 
dUtinctiiin for servicts in savin;^ lives from 
»faip«nvclc inlJirilSH, \tiiot ilinsrapky, pp. 
364i '). Hwrmr.thfr,JuliM(18m Ife07).wi* 
tli» fourth ilau)?hter of .loiKph Uuinc (17117- 
1^4ft)uf Samenut Iluuiti;, the iniimalo friuiid 
and axA'X'iiiU' "f Ijiiinb, lliuHtl, nii<l (lud* 
win. Hume wm of raixfu] Enjrlisb, Scnttifih, 
and FreDch estraction, and claimi'd de^cvat 
fniRi tht' lliimes nf I'olwftrth. He was the 
autlior of a translation in bbink vereo of 
Dante's 'Infonio' ll>*li') and of '.\ tScurch 
into the Old Testameai' (I'i^l). 

Aufjiista's eoiliest ji-ara wera apent on 
board tb« Urifior in CLiich'.'fftcr llart>'>ur 
and at various) luiaaid^ pliict-Ji wlii-rv lier 
fotber, aa liMilenAnl in l\w coa&t^Anl, held 
OOiamaDd. In 184:^ lie oMiiin<-<l tiit* runk 
of commander, and vttm annnintiHl th<! next 
year lo the Baaffdistrict. The familr residt-d 
for six veont in BanlT Cajitli->, and A)if{n*tji 
attended a school at Bantf. Aflnr a idiort 
period Kp^tit at Pc^nmire, Duvivh wax ap- 
pointed in IS-'d chi«f constubk' of Canj- 
bridffea.Ii ire, and spttlwi witii hU family in 
Cam))ridlr<^. In I8i^7 he wil<i nonainnted nlan 
to the ehief ooiuKatdwbip of UunUnu^on- 
•bire. At Cambridge Aufnsta read widely, 
and attended clusMf at (liflCambridKQBclio'jl 
of art. Uuring tt brit* f n-sidmin- at Paris and 
Qeneva sbu aaimr<->d a full knowledge of 
French. Hbe Mttidii'd Cln-rk in onler i<\ hiOp 
a youofT hrotber, and subsequently learned 
Italian and Spanish. 

lo li^OO »ho piib1i»ihed, under the name of 
Oecil Home, a volume entitled ' Rlanebe 
Lulc, and olbor Pooms.' Under (be isame 
pseudonym appeared iiL 1604 * Lilian 4iray,' 
a poem, and 'Lcaley'a Guardionn,' a novel 
in tUriN) volumes. 

In December 186:1 Auguxta Davie* mar> 
ried Mr. Tlioma? Webster, then fellow, and 
afterward* law lifttiror, nf Trinity Colleue, 
CambridiTi?. Thi^re waa one ehild of the 
inarriaffe, ti doughtier. In ltf70 ihc-y left 
Oombridgv! for London, wbire Mr. Wi*b»l'.T 
prtetised hie proft'&sion. Meanwhile Mrn. 
Webccer puhlialied in 1(KHJ a literal Iran:^ 



Ution into Enrliab versa of 'Tlie Pro* 
metheua Bound of .ivschrlus. Thi«, ondj 
all bar nihseciuont publication it, appea 
under her own uanie. She waH not o Ui 
scholar, but her tnuunlAtions - in IHiS ap 
peared the 'Medea ' vf Kuripidea -obtained' 
praise from scholars, and proved lior a «vm- 
t>ntlielio Htudiiut of UrwK lileniture. ^er 
views on Unnslution mny b« found in two ex- 
cellent uiisays contributed to the ' ExaniiDcr/ 
i-utitled 'Thfl Tranaktion of Poelrr' and 
* A Tntnecript and a Transcription ' I cf. A. 
I/nfunrifi'e Optnunu, m. 61-79). Tbelalter 
in n review of Browning'ft ' Af^mcmnon.' 
Mre. Webster's first important rolumu of 
original verso. ' Dramatic? Studieii,' was puli> 
U«bed in ISOa. Il containa *The Snow- 
waste,' one nf her beat poema. In 1870 
appfsared 'Portraits,' Hn, WVbsterfi most 
Htrdiiug work in vww apnrl. fnjm her 
dmmafi. It reached a Becond edition in l]m 
yi-tirof piiliHojiti'in, and a thin! iu li^i-. A 
remarkable poem, ' The Castaway,' won th« 
■dmiiKtion of Brownlaft, and deserves a plane 
by tlie aide of Kow«ttj a ' Jenny,' Her first 
enort in tbe poetic drama was ' The Auspi- 
ciotiB llav,' poblishiyl iu 1872. It is a ro- 
luauce of mediievol En^li^ lifu of ttmall 
intereat, ']>isguife«,' written iu 1B7!>, is • 

rihiv of gtKitV ufaorm, conioinin^ heauliful 
ynca. 

Mrs. Webster looV as keen an inten-st. in 
ih<_- practical ulluirs uf life ns in literature. 
In lH7t* appean-d * A Housuwifo'n I )pinionB,' 
a volume of essays un various social suhjt'cle, 
reprinted fmin tlm ' KxaminiT.' She served 
twice Oil the l^ondon sclioot hoard. In No-j 
vemhtT I87!*!i|ie was returned for the Cbelte^J 
division a; ihti lu'ftd of the poll, with Sfil 
volM above the second succeg»ful uaitdidiitSjl 
sliL* owvd her 8ucc«» to her ^ft of sp«(>chj{ 
^hv threw )ier»elf hfBTt Hridttoul intothtt 
work. Mrs Webster was a workiuf.' ratht-r 
thou a lulJtintc muuiber uf tbe butLrd. She 
waa&uxir-u.«to]>opulariseediinatioiibybrin(r> 
iiig (jid endinvmvnls into closer coutaet. witli 
I'li^nii'nlary xrliDiils, and nIih iLiitiri|Hi1ed iha-. 
demand ttmt.ns education is a national ncec^' 
sily,itshoiildaUoheanatioiial charjie. ^e 
ttdvocattid the introduction of technical (i.e. 
manual) instruction into elementary »cbool». 
Her I<-atiings were frankly democratic, but 
ill tht.' heat of coutrover»y hor pononality 
rendered ber attractive even to her moxt 
viifurouH u|)pununls. In eunwqnenoe of ill- 
health, which obliued her to seek raat in tbe 
south of Kiiropfsslie did nnt offer herself for 
rv'-i.ilfctioii in 1BR2. 

DnrinR earlier viaitii to Italy ^Irs. Web- 
ster bad been attracted by the Italian pi:-a«aaC i 
Mngs known as ' lisiwtti/ and in ItSbl pub- ' 

1-3 




^\'ebste^ 



iifi 



Webster 



lishwt 'A Bonk of Rhi-mf/cntitnininfr rani 
pMBSQiUtsd 'Erurli/ib risiM^ti.* she w the 
fint toiatrDdacvlt»'for[a inio ICncliib poetry. 
In 188S she BBbtished another dnmft, 'In K 
Dcj,' ibe ooly odv nf bvt pla>> tbkt wa« 
BCtM. IlwMprodace<lat>nutin6«<atTerTT'fl 
TbcatrE-.Loodoo.ia IS80,wbeDberdfttijtbter, 
MiM DavuM Web«tn-, pUyed the befrarut, 
Klydane. U bad t tueeit a'l^timg. In 18^ 
Bb<>waaKgKin rwtoniMinomborof thr»chool 
board Tor Chebwa. She ooodaeted her can- 
didature without » committee or any orga- 

tSMoA (NUIVaMUl^. 

*Tbe SenteDce,' a tliree-act tufredy. In 
many ways Mra. Wehrtar'a chi*f worfi, ap- 
pewd in 1887. Tbn tfnodr of which tliit 
play treata Ulustratea C«liguU'a Kvongvful 
Kpirit (cf. RoaBBTTl's iniioductonr noto to 
Mr-su WKnarES's Mot Mr r ami Thxtit/Afrr, jip. 
12-H). It WHS miirli aiJmired by rhristina 
Rosaetti (c£. Mvciujsxik Bkll's Chriitina 
A)Mf//r, i>. I 111). \ Toliim<^ of aelectioni 
from Mre. Websler'a povms (coniaininff eoroe 
originally eontiibtit'^d to ma^^atinM), pnb- 
Iiih«din'l*M)3.TfttiiWLdln'et-iv»d. She died 
nt Kew on 5 Sej.t, ISIM. In I«io appeared 
'Mother and DatuiIitiT,' un imcoiiiplcted 
MCiiiiutt-K'^dancH, vrirh nti introductory aat« 
by Mr. AViUiam Miclaal Hoaaetli. 

A lialf-U'nf(tli |ii>rt,nul lit oritvonvbyCatiM' 
van, drawn at IJotop in Janiinnr 1864, \a 
in the poMi-aaion of Mr. Webster. 

Mre. Wrhdtiir'it virncvnlitl""* hrrtit a high 
placfi ainone t'nir1i>ib pnet^. 8he used with 
snccoF^^llie fnmi r>f the dramatic monoIogxM. 
Sim oft-nn Hi\critirt*d beamy to jitrpn(n.h, but 
flhe poiM)«i&«t^(l much m«>trica1 skiU and an ear 
for mflodv. Some of lior lyric* dt-*crrc a 
phict* ill t'vcry anlhuln^y of m<Hl(.Tii Enirlisb 
portry. Many of hpr poems troat entirely or 
incidentally of <)ue«tion>i Hpucially afrtctintr 
wniBfln. Shp was a warm ad vocate of m oronii'a 
Biiirroge — her eMays in tliu 'Examiner' oa 
thu »itl)jfcl wi-n* rcjirintfil n» Vafii'ta by th« 
Womfin'fi Siiffrapp SociiJty (cf. Mackb^kik 
Bkll's Lift of Chrifiinn linttfiti, p. Ill) 
— and slw* ftympathiwd with all move- 
mentp in favour of a better education for 
women. 

Works liy Augusta W'cbstor, not men- 
tioned in lli^ l*xt, arw : 1 . ' A Womaii Sold, 
and oiIkt Pcwma,* 18(i7. 2. * Yu-Pe-Ya'a 
Tiiilf ; a Chiin'ni' Tain in Kngliiili Wn"*,' 
lfi74. 3. ' l>iitridil and iho Croftxaicirans: a 
Tlfimnnei" of llistorr,' 18*4. A selection 
from lir-r pivniR in ffiven in Miles'* ' IVurtit 
and Poetrv of chw Century' (Joaima BaUUe 
to MathildeBlind, p. 4119). 

[Allibonr'H DiK. of Ktig1. Lit, vol. iii. and 
8up|i1. vol. ii.; AlhcnsBnin, 13 Sept. 1894: pri- 
TBto information.] £. L. 





WEBSTER. HEX.IAMIN NOITINO- 

IIAM (17tJ7 iN-^^i^Bctor and dramatist, wai 

I bom in Uatb ou 3 S«i>t. 1797. ]Ii£ fatUt-r, 

I who came from Sheffield, and LbruMj^ti win 

Webeter Waimwd d«Mt.<ni from Sir (t 

. Buc or Back [q. v.], wan at one time 

. musical ' oomposi;r' and a paiilnmimi^t : 

' married Kltiabtitb Mixin of I.«»d», joined t 

army, eerved in the W'^t liidiri>, was i-n- 

gBfivd in Bath in OTKantiiiiit volunteer forcta, 

and settled tht^re kh a dancing And fencii 

naater. A brother Frederick {it. 18"t*) 

name atage manager of the Hay marl 

theatK. 

Aft«r receiving aome education at 
BarberV miliiarr aendMny, 'Ben' We 
threw up the cnanct>3i of a promised coi^ 
minion as mid^ipmun from the Ducht^M of 
York, [i {)0)i litH ro<il licr'»d<*at b hvmade hia fi 
appearance nn the Rtaf^e lui a dancor, astuit: 
hut fWlhiT in \w occu|<8ttonE, ran away fl 
home.and nbtainerl from the younger Wal 
of Warwick nn irngBSement at iwe»ty-fi 
HhilHnf^ a W(^-k to play Ilnrleouin, 
speaking pans, and second violin in tl 
orchestra. As Thewalus in ' Alexander the 
Great'hemadeonSSept.lSlSbisfirstappear- 
anec at Warwick, plaTingaUo at Licliftrida " 
Walsall races. .Joining in a sharing atWi 
a manager callt-d ' Irish ' Wilson, who fit! 
ap a bam ai Bromagrove, Wi>bst.-r (w 
nouDced, with no upjmrvnt claim, nn from th» 
Theatre Boval, Dublin) doubled the part« 
01 Sir<'harleB Cropland and Pl^'plicn iTar' 
rowby in tb« ' Poor (it^'nlleinan,' danced a 
hornpipe, and playeil ia his own dress, and 
with a bead chalked to look like grey hair, 
Plainway in ' Raiding the Wind,' Ue then 
went as Ilsrloiniin to the Theatre RoyaL 
Belfii«t. under Moiilngue Talbol [q.v.l. 
In Ixindondvrry ai;d Liuu-rick. and joined t 
Dublin company to play wiib it in Cork 
liiirtcquin. 
Af^t-r api«aring in Kfancliester and Lt 

foul he came to I^ndon, and pUynl on 
1 May 181!* a ■oiogKler in the opening en- 
teriainmi^nt of tlie Coburg ThcaMr. Ac- 
conliiiK to u speech he made at a cumplimea- 
tarr dinner given to him at the Preeuuktons' 
Tavern on 'II l'«b. ItJGI, he Imd ni this time 
married a widow with a family of childnai. 
Webflor hocame ballet-ztuster and wallnng 
gentleman nt ItiRliiuond, llien Utader of the 
band at Croydon, which led to hit nngage- 
mt*!!! iiK dancer and walking gentleman undff' 
Bererlf^y at the Rpgoncy Theatre in Totfrt>- 
ham Street, called many names before it 
berami^ rhi' l*rinf e of Wuh-s's, At the Eng- 
lish Opera House (the Lyceum), wheiv M 
played n part in 'Captain Cook,' Iivwmji Kat* 
Bioad tu * Kayaiond and AgtM»' and ~ 





Webster 



117 



Webster 



in lh« * lljpocrit*.' Accepting (hun EUisUn 
an vngigetuent at Drary I^ne, he appeared 
cm t?8 Nor. I8AI1M AlmsKTOin ' Pia.m),'an(l 
at CUrutmae pkretl Pnntalooii. At tli^^ und 
of ihe s«a«on 01 182I-i! he joiped liunn'u 
O0in]<*ti}- at Binninffbani, iirliorc hv wm iu>L-n 
in low-comedy p&rt«, <Iii.-u actctJ at ^liellield, 
Npwoastle, and Cheater. Itetunting to 
Birmingbam, liu was r»-«ilgaged by EUitituii 
for tliu Dmry Lane VKawin of \H2'>i, nu 
action which EUbtnn had brought agninat 
liim fur ]ir>;vlniiii Iiuw of m>rviL'*> having hnm 
C»inj>rr}RiiHHd. On a wvivAl of ■ Mfn-*iire for 
Meuure ' on 1 Mav l6'2i, llarley, whu played 
Poaper, Wing taWn ilt, Wcb«tt.T took iti« 
part. Ill this vear h^ was the first Tudi- 
tanuii in KnowlM's 'Caius Gracchus,' mid in 
lii25 the Brat Emi in tho ' Willinm 'LVll ' of 
tin awna author. In fipilt^ of obtiLiuiii^ mnua 
nco^ilion. be Mraa Kt>pt hnf^k. Ki-mon- 
ktratinc with KlliMNnt. \]v wu givon ini t!i« 
thin! niKhl of putformancp tlie part of ^dak, 
orijrinnily playwl on 'i7 Mnrcli l^liO Uy FiU- 
williom in an anonymouii Ai^nprntinn of 
'OberoD,' and plaj-ed a few other parte re- 
fused hy llarl^v. On 4 Jnii. I8'.*7 In- wns 
the original Mnliau in the' Lailyof the Lake:' 
on 10 April the ori^innl I'l'mingo, n iit-^ro, 
in MucfarpMiV ' (4il IUa» and the liijbbent of 
Afttunua ; ' on ^'J Nov, tb^ orijiinal Spiilatm 
in ' Iflldon.' di Meridu, or the Devil's Crwli :' 
on 1 Vvi\ tbi.' orifiinul Vclvr in Howard 
Payne's ' I-anr*rs ; ' on 18 I-'eb. iy2.s tUt> fir>t 
Cyrua in ' Don Juan's Kurly I>iivi,' and on 
7 April llif! firot Sturmwnlil iti l1iiiii]p.>on'M 
• Dumb Savovaril and hie Monkpy.' lie was 
bIwi m«ti bb ^!iar(i*.'t. in ih* ' Slivvm ' and iu 
Other slightly better partA. 

On 15 June 1829, im Webater from Dmry 
Lane, he madi'at thi^ Unymarlo't )\U flretap- 
pearsnoe. plaving Trusu', an original part, in 
Poolo'a ' Lodgings for Singlo Gfntlcmcn.' 
Hsrehewaa assigned lending comic tjuoiuc-ss: 
Dr. PangloaH in the ' Heir at Law,' llislc in 
'Love Laughs at LocIieniilh>^,* Spat ti'rdatih in 
the' VoungCjuaker.'Mungo in I In- ' I'tullock,' 
Farmer Ashfitdd in 'Sjieed ihu I'lou^h/ 
LinK" in the ' Agn-cnhli' .Siirjm'"',' linniilit! 
in tJin ' Slieer,' Dougal in ' Hob Hoy,' Trap- 
mnli in 'She would and ilie would not,' 
iVormwftod in tlu^ ' [.ottery Ticker," and 
Sir I'hilip Jfodelove in -A Hold Stroke 
fiwa \Vifi'.' Tliipk at llrurrljinD.h-^ was l\\v 
origias! IvBiitro in the ■ firuek Fiiuiily'on 
:i20ct. lH'JU, nod the original John Thomas in 
Buckstone'6 'Suakva in the Ijniss:' played 
other unimportant original ^lurtu, wtt» ticen 
»g JuBtiee Greodv in 'A Nbi\' War to pnv 
Old IJebIa,' and O^d Uubbo in the ' ^lvn<h»itl 
of Venice;' waa tli« first, Sam in Ila^-nes 
Bayly'a'Porfectioa'on 25 March 1830," and 



1*1 



on 1 Itfay the orisioat Uerr Stetten in 

'llorer, tlie Tidl of tlie Tyrol.' Henmasocn 
in Hiime other pnrU, and for bia benefit 
(shared with Paul Bedford and Mrs. W, 
Itarrymore) was Jock IVibiason in thr " Cata- 
ract of tlio Ganges.' Tbo Uaymarkel in 
IBSO saw him as itodiTigo, Launwlut 
Gobbo,Oswttld in ' King Irfar,Hohin l^mgh- 
licttd in ' Furtuup's l-'rulic,' Jvasamy in ' ma 
Ton,' L'Kcliiir in the ' Foumlling of the 
Forett,' JocoBO in *Clari,' Sir ilarry'a ser- 
vant in ' lligli Life- Wlow Htain,' Diiskin in 
' Killing no Miinler,' Dandle ninmnnt, Mar- 
i|iii« in lliu ' Cabint-t,' Trudge in ' lukie and 
Yarico,' and in a few nrifl^nal parts -I'op- 

foncitr in 'Separation and Itepaiation ' on 
.Inly, Bamoy tl'L'ag in ' llont-sl Frauds* 
on as ,luly, and itoughheail in Caivlinc 
itoadtn'a ' First of April ' on HI Aug. The 
'Dramatic Magaiine ^181^-30; inx-aks of 
liim at this time as an eminently tutetut ac-ti>r, 
riiid s;aka what tho Hiiymarket, would do 
without him. In IH-'tJ Jim wiut with .Mmjame 
Veslris nt the Olympir, where he played in 
Itanre'i? ' Kill or Cure,' and in an adaptation 
by hiniself of ' LTInrome de .toisante Ans/ 
in which he look the part created by Gabriel; 
Clmrh'S I'oticr. At llie Ilayui&rket hu waa 
on 17 July Ib^M the original Father Olive in 
.Ierri.ilir»'I[oti»elti:-ef)cr; pluyod tbcfoUowiiiff 
October in H\Kiki?tonv'» liircL' ' Uncle John, 
then hret produced ; and was on '2 Jan. 163^ 
at Dmry Lane the original Ureamly ia 
Jerrold'ft ' Wedding Gown,' At the same 
hou&e be playt'd Bardolph in a revival of 
ihi; i^-cuiid part of • King Henry IV ; ' in 
18^ had an origiunl imii. in Jerruld's ' Ueail 
Nash ; ' and was iht; original Samuel Coddla 1 
ill Hu(-l(r>t<>ni''«' iMarrii'd Life.' On 21 April 
|Ma5 he wuH al Covi-nt Ganlcn the first 
Sharkuht'aiJin Fitzball's't'arhnillmn.' Again 
at the Mayniurlcct 111' was t be arigiiml Serjeant 
.\ueterlitz in Mrs.C, Gore's' SlHiiiyfCroiMUy.' 
■*\mong very many original paria which lie 

1>laved at cite lluymnrkut, uf which house 
10 became lessee in ISJl", were Frmlvrii-k II 
inTjroLu Power's ' Si. Patrick's Kve,' Mr, 
Docki-r iu Burlwl one's ' Wi-ak Pointu," Major 
Ilan.^^ .MansfL>ldl. in Ijover's ' White Hnrw of ' 
the Pepoer*,' Gib'/itetle in Buckstone's ' Lea- 
son for Ladies/ Wallop in Thomas Haynca 
Bnylj's 'Mr. Greenliucb,' John Nigcli; in 
Buck.'stnne's ' Single Life," Wildroxu iu 
Kaowles's ' Love Obawe.' and Joseph in 
KiiowIlVs ' Maid of Maritiuhjr^it,' Lionel 
Vnrleyin Bayb; Ik-niunl's'BoBnling School,' 
Ilamn llavenspiirg iu Bernard's ' Wommn 
Hater,' (iruvue In Bulwer's ' Money,' Karry 
Lawli-Mi in Boocicnuli.'s ' Love by Proxy,* 
Pliant in Boucicault's 'Alma Mater,' Boo 
Lincoln in Mark Lemon's ■ Grandfather 



Webster 



ttS 



Webster 



Wliitehead,' Willism Hhake^jMiuv TOMe in 
BoucicauH's ' CuriositiM of Liter&t ure,' Noa- 
mreil in IVtnkf's ' Sheriff of tlie Coumy,' 
C'y™'>n Foxluill in U, iSativmi'* ■ llpj^ar on 
Jlorscback." Nfttlinn Thompson in Wrstland 
Marftton'fi ' HoronjfL I'rtUiics,' N*))o[).''t>n io 
the ' I*rottv Girls of Stilberjr." and Mark 
Muddle iji * Lundou Atiiurunct.'.' 

Webata's own fntix. ' >I j- ^■ohur Wife and 
Old Umbrella' ('Ma Ft'minL' et inoa Pam- 
pluie,' b}- t.aiiivnnin], waji i^vpti nt rliu Hay- 
tnarket ou 'J-i June IS:I7, irith Welim-r tut 
An(ia»tuM TomkinM; liU 'Swiss S wo id,' Id 
which hn plujfd Swifr, "n Oct. 1837 ; the 
' YilliLgw Dnctor,' with himself as Uoron de 
la Fftdaise, nin ii .Iiilj- LSW. lie was Hobhs 
in his own ' li'^blw^, Dobbi*, and Stubba, or 
thp Three Grocers,' 31 .March If^lO; the Maiv 
qui^ d'Arblav in btn 'Cauff'hl in his own 
'IVaji,' L'5 Nov. iyJ41; mid Allv Croaker in 
hij? ' .Miwrie^H of Human Life,* L't Nnv. 1815. 
Hi' aUu traiiiiiiil«d for lli»^ ]{nymarki>l in 
lft4ft 'Le Part dn IHable' Ithf •nSark 
r>OEniiio '), 10 Juiw l«+n, hut did not appear 
in it. lie playwl Vcrgffli, Mones, Hob Acre:*, 
Sir Huffb Kvans, Scrnb, Trappanti. Touy 
Lumpkin, Don Vitiwnrin in ' A liold Stroke 
for a Husband,' and First Wiioti iti '.Mac- 
beth.' At Covtnt Garden in this meautime 
he had bi-i;ii s.-en Jis Sparrow in Dancv's 
' L'ouHtrv S<niire,"l'aMel in Filzball's ' Waller 
TyrTfll/ nnd .Marquis d* Montospaa in Bnl- 
wer's ' I>«(rlivsf>u dv la Valliiru, His first 
appearance ot the Adi-lplii wnfi mnd« in a 
pK'ce calk-d ' Yulluw KiJa.' 

Aft*r 1814 hf. dividftd btn tirrn- l«'fw*i;ii 
th€ Adolphi, of which ht> became manager, 
and t.hi> ilnymnrki't. Amoii^the piwet he 
had i^rnduo'd nt the HavniarkaC were Biil- 
■w^rV 'r^'B Captnin.' Talloiird's 'CUencoe,' 
and tlie' Bridal, an adantniinn of the * Mtiid'n 
TraBrt!d_T.' To the Adelplii, in conjunction 
with Dion ' Bour^ ioault ' («'(•), he pave ' Fox 
and Goose,' 2 Oct. 1^14, in which m did not 
play; and'Casar Ac Itazaii,' 14 Oct. 1844, 
in which bu was Dun CVsiir. Hu had fcv- 
viously, Juuc Iftili, [ihived nt llii' Hiiyinftrket 
for thv first time with W constant iia.wdEitu, 
Mndnini^ Culwitc ['}.»".], in iin adjiptiLtJnn en- 
litlpd ' Lowi.Hfin,' and iin 1 Nov. was N'ictor 
to her llortense in » vaudeviUu called ' Victor 
and Hfjrtenso.' Thi' y<?ar (l-^<-'*l he offcn^d 
apriie ot'COOA for the hcM Kngliflh comedy. 
This was awarded by the JudgL's (including 
CliarlcM VotmB, Ohurlca KfltnUc, G. P. K. 
James, auJ Alexander Dya-J to * tfuid pro 
yii'i, ')r ihtf Day of Dupfs.' by lira. Gore. 
whieL Has pro*3ito«l ut thi- Hnyiniirkrt on 
IS June \^4-i, nnd was rcc^ivwl with iipmar 
andridiciil". 'Old lUadeand Voi,nigH>'Brts,' 
by RoucJcault, was given on 10 Not. IH44, 



witli Wefam BB Tan Coke, & good-be 
coimtrrgvntlvman.sMTt inwhichheaboi 
much " pathos. AVebrter next prodi 
Jerrold'e 'Time works "Wonders,' in wbic 
aft«T thti death of Strickland, th^v orij 
exponent, he playiMJ Professor TruHlea. On 
the aece&sion of bharlcft Mathcwi>, Webet^n- 
played Sir ChArlM Coldttn^m in ' Ceed 
iJp.' On 6 Jan, 1840 he made a Rreat hit 
Bs JoUn Pecrybingki in bis own aouptatioD 
of thr 'Crir-k".!t on the Hearth.' Still at the 
I Haj-niarket, he was Clown in ' Twelfth 
NiRht ; ' played thi' IjiinI of Killi<<cnDkie, a 
dwt^lliat, m'tjupen .Mar\-'.>* Bower,' PlancWs 
I adaptation of ' Lbs Moos-^netairiw de la 
liein*- ; ' Jack Spriffffs in I.ov^'trs ' Ixtok befom 
j You Leap;' and Iteuhen Gwynne in the 
I ' Kound of Wninp.' la 1847 lie'wfta the first 
Job Syku», M.P., in lloucicault'a * School for 
Scliemina,' and Hope Emerson iu Itobert 
BqU'h • Temper.' Ou 15 Nov. b« playwl 
Stani9ila« de Fonhlanche in hia own ' Itoiued 
Lion' (' Ij9 lUveil du Linn'). In perfor- 
mance at CoTont Garden for th^ purchase 
of Shakiftapeare'a hoiiAC, he vu Petniebio. 
He plared Jabex Sneed in a revival of the 
' Wift-'i HeCTfl: ' WM, ff April lfti8, MiehsiJ 
itradiiliaw in Morton's 'Old Uoncfity,' and 
Lavater in ' Lavater the Physiognomist.* 
In bis addrcK* at I he close of the season of 
184t^ he declared that in eighteen months at 
the IlaymarkeC he had lost. d,000/. During 
j ibu nuxt two yi-ars lie was the fir*l Giles 
' Fairland in the 'tjueensbcrrr Ft'-ti?," ployed 
Mnlvalio, Mudiis, Gralianu, Bullfrog in 
I Ji-rndd'o ' Kent l>iiy,' am! produced hi.l own 
1 'Bird of Pa-^soge,' a rendtrini,'' of Bayard'* 
I ' Oisenii ill" I'nsMgf.' In Moiri* Bnmi'Il'» 
I 'SerioHN Kiimily'l^'lie Mariii laCampngne'f 
he was theori|{inal Charles Torrens, was thr 
first Cooh'ftrd in Jerrold's 'Cat«psw,' and 
ill Jerrold's '](t^tir«->l frofl 



Captain Gunn 
Business,' In a 



\*«r!ion of 'Tariuffe' 



a na i 

Oxciifyrd hi.' play«d 'rarriifle, and jjave «t ^ 
theAdtlphi hia own'Belphepr'CPaillftsae't j 
Janutiry l^-'^l. In April ]-%2 was tlip firtt 
Wrdim ill Mark Lemon's' Mind your own 
Husines.*,' On 1*0 Nov. Uc was seen for the 
lirift time in what wait ptirluiiw bis graatMd 
pnrr. Triplet in 'Sfasks and FaOM,' by 
Tnylor and Reede; and in a revival M 
BuIwit's ' Not #0 had as we seen,' -wttt 
Giwfl'rey TUomside. On 1-i March IS 
witli a performanoe of the • Itouaetl l.ii 
' A Novi'l Kxpedienl." and the ' Pr.-tty Cti 
of Stilliei^,' liis maniiKeinenl of the ih 
market closed. He hnd kvpt the bouse i 
sixteitii yttani, paid 60,(XKV. for rent, 30,1 
to acton, and had employed the best actor* 
of bis lime, the KennH, tht^ Uathuwsee, ll^ 
Kceleys, Mr*. AVarren, Mrs. Glover, 



W'ebstcr 



119 



Webster 



linbettf CbwloUe Caalioiftn, llelpn Kkticit, 
and manT otben. A pRfietituttan was maia 
him liy ttu- oompntiy. 

On t^cpr Monday 1^^ tu! bi^unn a now 
manitgviiieDt nf tti*.' Adelrilii with Lemon'* 
' fore*?, ' Mr. Wi'hsl'^r at Hniac' He pave 
lonU JuiielioucicauU's' Iieae»iiiv»',' iu wbivh 
He fiajed l<orin; produci-tl uu LU Del. his 
own * DiseurdMl Son,' and was FalsLofl' in a 
revival &f the 'Murrv WivM of Windsor.' 
On 20 March Id&t lie wag lliu first I-'oLIilt 
KadeliflW in Tajrlor and Heade's ' Two Loviw 
■ad a Lif0 ; ' played two parts, DiogeavB and 
Fvrdinand Vulagv, in tlin 'Marblv Hruxt,' 
S«Ibr'a acUpiaiinn of ' I^s 1'illeade Morhrfl.' 
SI May; was llicliard Fridu id Bouvicauirs 
* Janet Pfido,' <'t Feb. lf*.V'. ; and on :.tl Juiil- 
first J.'^renu llartmanu in Taylor's ' Uel|)< 
ing Hand.' On 6 KS. ityiti be was Cobb* 
in 'IJooU at tbe UoUy Tivi? Inn,' in ISTj" 
the first Joseph ChaviKny in WatU Phillips's 
play m luimod, on 16 Nov. Carl IMilztn in 
th« ' Headlmu Man,' and on 2l' .May 18.')H 
Horaiio SparktnH in Marion'e'Frencti Ladva 
Alaid.' 

In tba new Adelnhi theatre, erected nn 
tlin site of tliv old, Webster was, on 6 An;;, 
ldfi9f th« original IVnn lloldiT, om; of his 
BT«€teet parts, in bis own aduplalioo, 'Oni- 
Touch orNaturp.' On lU Nr>v. ISTjO hi? was 
the ori|rinal Itobert ],.aiidry in H'litDt Tliil- 
lipss ' ]»ead Heart.' On ill Auj{. IWJI Uv 
prodiiet'd lit the Adulphihis oi^-nndaptation, 
' A Woman of Uii^iiiufs.' On '•¥) Nov. bo 
was first Van Gmtz in the ' Workmen of 
I'arie'CLes i>niuifs du CnburLt'), In 'No 
111 o rough fare,' adapted by Wilkin Collins, 
Wehalsr was the first Joey I^dle on 28 Doc. 
I8ti7. In' Montt! Crist n,* whii.:)! war (liinin«>(l 
in ()ctol>er 186B, he played Nnirtier. On 
:il May I Hia h(! waa the knt ihif{fa Wnlks- 
ton in' Kve,' an adaptation by bis 8on, II. Wcb- 
»t«r,jun.,of Atipiers-Galm'elle,' On 1 Nov. 
he opea«d a» h*tee thn Princ<.-s»'s, wliieh hr< 
hadlonfTOwned, n;viving the 'Willow CopBv,' 
in winch be played bio old part of l.iiki^ 
l-'i<.-liUu){. In Byron's ' Promptur's Don,' un 
■ja March 1870, he was the first Frank Hris- 
tow, and in April 1873 the first Itodin ilie 
Je«iii( iu Tlie ' Wandering J«w,' adapted bv 
Leopold Lewi?. This appears to hav<i Wen 
his Ia»t originjil part. In Fehruary It^^T-i he 
retired from tbi" Btnge, nnrl on 'J May bis 
farvrwell benefit took plncc> ui Drury Lane. 
"rtui "iSclKWl for .Scandal' waa givin. Mrs. 
K(!«ley recited an «ddre».i by Oxeufurd, and 
\\ ^betv'r, who did not act, uiude a itpeerh ; 
over i^.OiXV. was r^et^d. On 1 Au^r- he re- 
peated at the I'riDCi»wt'* Kii-hiird Priil.i in 
■Jam*! Pride.* He playM i^nake for Buck- 
aUuw'a Iwiiefit at iJrurv Lnuv on ^ Jiioi* 



I87li. The pt«vtonadav be had apoken lit 
tbu Tlwatricul Fund dinner at the Yxw- 
masniia' Tavmi. His Ini-t appearance waa at 
Ibt (.'TKlal Palace on 2 Nov. 187G u Wil- 
liam IVnn Holder. He ditsl ..r3 July 1882 
al his reoidence, Chnrchaide, Kennington. 

^^>bat«r 1^ two BOOB, Ben and John^ 

who wi^ro connected with iln^ atagf. Ben 

Webster, the younger, wrote forthe.\delphi 

' Behind Timi-,' a fur(» in one act, on 26 Dec 

It-OS; und wvun otLi-r farct-s or adnptationa 

from the French cawe from his pen between 

^ thai diile and 18"3, John W«b«t._T playud 

; about 18.'!7 iind l888atCovBnt OKn]<-ii,'lh0 

I Hsj-mnrki'i, St. James's, and ibti Adelphi. 

A duu^hler niurrii<d Sir Edwunl Lawson, 

bart., proprietor and editor of the ' Daily 

Telegraph.' Iteajamin WebatiT.a ^frandsoo, 

is At pri.-«t-nt on iha I>ondon stage. 

Id hLi lini! aa a character actor AN'cbeter 
ntood foremoat in his day, and has not sinc« 
knowu a Auperiur. He kept bis energy, phy- 
sical and iElt•■llt^cluaI, almost to the last, and 
I his lati-st crcntLons count among hi!< bi?e[. 
I Hi* gmiti'sl rhnnn-lfn» went iticliurd I'ride, 
I l^Jbert Lniidry, Lnratcr, William Penn 
Holder, l.orvnt* llnrttnann, .Julw* rinwid, 
Tiiphn,! iravps, l!*'lphpgor, Tiirtiiffe, liodln in 
the ' Wandering Jew," and Joey I-ndlc. Hv 
vbn b(i|>pir»t in cliaruct'.^rA in which smouf* 
f[ir\toiii3, purtiauical fervour, ond grim re- 
solution were lehnwn, and had not indeed 
more comedy thiiu would «rv« like light 
point* in a picture 10 indicate the Rloom. 
He waa a spirited manager so far as refjfaida 
the engagi.>im-ul of go(>d actom, but waa 
behind thi> times, backward as tliose were, 
ill respect of sCugti mouiiting and thu em- 
phiymL-nt of »n|)i'rnmHernrie«. To Ibis day 
ihu term Adelphi giiesta is used as a byword, 
Wvhsla'r i* rv9>]icin«ibli- fur i)):x)ul ti bun> 
dred plnv, the nnmfA of many of which om- 
not nowVw traced. Several are in pnrl; bosisj 
on Fri^ndi uriginnl^. In addition to tbosa 
named are ' High Way.i and I|y Wbjti/ u 
farce in two acta (Ciimhcrliuid'ii ' RritiiJi 
Hrama'): "I'liul Clitl'ord,' u dramn in three 
nets, and 'The Golden Farmer.' a drnma 
ill two acts <both in Cumberland's ' Minor 
Tlnratre") ; ' 'fhe Old Ot^iillfnian.' a comedy 
in one act (I>iincomho'H 'British Thcatrv*); 
'The Modern Orpliirin',' n I'nrce in tme act; 
• 'ITit^ Villnco Dfjccnr," a drama in two acrsj 
'Peter and Pmal.'acomicdruma in two nets; 
' Caught in 11 Tmp,' a comedietta in two 
acts; * The Thimble liig.' a fiirce in on«,< acl ; 
•The Wonderful Water Cure,' cxlravagania 
in onu ain : ' Mrs. Sumli (lamp's Tea and 
Turn Oiil,' a Itoizian sketch in one act. 
Theao arc all in Webster'a ' Acting National 
Drama.' Ilij^ mime nW' npjiearH to "TLio 




Soiee of Dnmutic Eaten aiiinwnts perfvnn«d 
by roy«l coKimind at \V'iii<liMir C«*ttr', I84H- 
1640' (l.oniI(Wi, 4tn),in wbicb lie iwik part- 

A portrait in oils of AVebeUr is in the 
Oarrick Club. A l'Ll(en(>^8, enp^ved by J. 
Onwliyn, nccorapanies n memoir prefixed to 
tliu sixth votutiio of Ilia 'Actiiiff NAttonal 
Drama.' Mnttv {iliolographa are ia exiat«nce, 
in character aloue, at in oompanv vith Mr». 
Stirling and oibura, A iat>ro ptotoirrapb of 
him a« KoFjoH Landrv in Wiitia I'hillipA'a 
'Dead Iluart' (!*''», and u coloured fumnv- 
ing of him in t(ii.i ' Hoii«>.-'l Lion,' hh well as 
QD oil pnintiiip, dtp in the possessioii of his 
(unily. 

[Ptfaonal liuowl»(lite i Diuauscript Autobio- 
gmplir Ifiot by Wefc«er*e i^nnilson ; Metnoip 
conlributod by bimwlf to hi* ArtiDg NBtionKl 
Dnma, vol. iv. [on lillo ppiv rol. vi.]: Thm- 
tri^in) Timu ; Uon of tha Timf; 3ilpti of tho 
Boif^i : Tallis'* ilntmntii; li.»g.; TiiP i'Uyrrs, 
188'i; I'vicanD* Dramulio Lilt ; (ii-ncatV Acmiinl 
of thf English Slagii ; iJniDutinil aud Hii«ioil 
HfTicw. 11M2-0; Km ncwspuper. 15 July 1882; 
I'olLock'o Hucrcndy; Morlaj * Jonnuil uf a l»ii- 
don Playgoer; I>i;ttun Cuok's Nitclita at the 
T'lfty; S-Aii ami IlrtwntvlN Ulanchurd; Sundxy 
Time" , Er.i A Inianutk,] J. K. 

WEBSTER, J( )H N ( I r.SO ? - 1 025 ?). dra- 
nititii>l, burn about I."*0, wa* lh« »c>ii of ii 
I^ndun tnilw. The fachi^r may b<' identical 
eithiTwilli Joliii WflwtiT wlm wan admit u-d 
to tlit^ t'ni-ibiin of the Mfniliuiit Tiiybira' 
Company im 10 Dec. 1671, rr with John 
'W^bfltiT tvbi> uTttiini'^3 lo llm likii pusitjon 
an 20 .r nil, ti'i7ti. The dramntiAt ii»pniA \n 
bare bt^n upprHUt ict'd to his father's trade^ 
And nnminaliy at any rate fnllowed Jt. He 
WU8 a fn^eiiiBH of the pfimjtany in l(tU3-4, 
wfa(.-n h« wns iii«M.iwod in the payment of 
ten fhilljiii^ toward 'the ciiarue* of lUc 
pagpants entended Hgaim^t the kinft'A enro- 
nutiun* (Clo&E, MnivirinU <>/ tfir Merchant 
TayW* (A/Hi/fffiiy. IHTo, p. WKi). Hut WVb- 
■ter'e interest lay eleewhere (hiui in lailonnfr, 
and early in lifi- liu idi-nlilieil bini»elf with 
tb(» prof<'p«ion 'if letterii. 

Helore IHI-I"-' Wvb»Ier bud made the ac- 
qwftitirnnct; of lb« rhief rnemh'>r!» of the hand 
of dramatists who weru in tlie servic*! of th» 
tbeatricnl manager I'bilip Ilenslowe, and in 
that yuar he j'liin-d hi* iilwary fm-ndt in 

Srejifiriug al leusl four pieces for lheslag«. 
'our or more pins wtim I'lDployed on each, 
and WViisierV nliarti iuii»I hwvi- lieen mnnll. 
On £2 >lay IfjtJ'J ' CiFsar's Fall' was acoepteil 
by Hmmbiwi- frrjm thtf juini in-ii" of Webster, 
Drayton, Middlernn, >1 iinday, and ' the pii«t.' 
TIjq syndioite wna |>os*ibIv ambitious of 
measnrinjTf'TVords wirh Sliri^r'Bjiearc. whose 
* Juliua Cn-xar ' had been suoceBsfully pro- 



duoed a year b^fora. A we«lt later 
joined the same four partners in prodacinx 
a piece called by ilvuilow* 'Two Uarp«e. 
Twice in the ensuinf; th-tober ilb and SI) 
therv waa performed a pluy uamed ' Lady 
Jane,' in the compcuiitton ot which f'brltlK, 
Dekker, Ileywnod, and AVentwortb Smilli. 
wnniaajwciaied with Webnter, ' l.ndyJaav* 
aeema tn luive bM.-n rpviYed, under the new 
name of ' Th« Clrarthrow of Rebels,' on 6 and 
13 Xov. following. Thrtr«iiithe«anu>month 
(on ^, 'J'4, and io N»v.)there was aUo acted 
a piL-ce called * ChriKtoias coioes but onre a 
yi-iir,* in ptvpariug which CheltW. Dekker, 
and lleywooda^iu combined with Webrter, 
Of t bete four plays only part* of u^(^— * L^dy 
Jane' — survivH. Tlirrr ran be little doubt 
that DeUker'a and Wcbeters cnnttibutiiMta 
ti> ' Ijidy Jstiti' np|H-ared in print in 1607 in 
the play aangrifd to them )niiitly undi-r tlic 
title of'The FatDons History of Sir Tbouias 
WvaT, with thi- Coronatiiw of Ijiteen Mary 
and the coming in of i'hilip.' * l,ady Jane,' 
when first prodnccd in \&.TQ. was acted 
aliheUoitcT'ioatrcbyiheEarlof WoTositer'i 
compnny of playersi, who wer« taken in 
Queen Anucs Henice in 1i)03, and wr 
known tliencfforth a-i ' tbi? i^iieen'* serrantn. 
The lille-pa^te of ' Sir Thomas Wyat ' de 
clared tbnl that pircrf wan * pin yed by tli9 
queen's BtTvantB." The piny, which ia in 
blank verse, lacks atrikin^ funturt-i', but the 
text ix Ml cumipt that it i» diHicull to jtn 
ilt« merits fairly. 

AN'ebster maintained tbrouKh life 
fricndlv n'lutioni* with llio*' engmrcd. 
hinisell, in writing for the alaiie, but after 
the firrt year of his dnimatic career he f;ra* 
dually ulMuniluucd the practice of wntiug ii» 
co-operatiun with olbera. AVilh 'bis kind 
friend' Muudny {irofuasional relations sp> 
parenlly c>'ai«>il when be cotitribiii<'<) i-om- 
mendatorv vetsea to Munday's ' Polmerin of 
KnifUni!, np(M)r tranii1nti<rii tnim tbeFrench 
(1(H)21. In 1(«>1 \V lobster waii emplnye.1 by 
the kind's ecimpnny to make additiona to 
'The Malcontent/ a play by John Marston, 
a writer of far jjreater power than most of 
those with whom he had worked before. At 
thu aaiue limo hu prefixed tu ' The Malcon* 
teat 'aprose ' induction,' in which the actora 
Were introduced under their own namee in 
debult! about I lie nieritii of the piec«. WeW 
sier's contributions were printed in the sfr- 
cmul t'dit ion uf the play, which bon* th«^ title: 
■ The Malcontent. Augmented by Maraton. 
With tbti Additions played by the Kioga 
Maif^sticA 8cn*anl«. "W rittcn bv Jbon Web- 
ster ' ( lt{()4'l. This wa« the sole produclioH 
in which \\ ebater seems to hare been asso- 
cinttii with Mnrvtnn, and it i$ probable that 



I 

i 



n 



dg« 



liko 



Webster 



lai 



Webster 



be undfirinok llie Btldilbna to 'Tlte Malcon- 
tent * at (be request of the ihratricalmaiiafrer 
Tatlit'r tbiin of the writer of the pluy. Willi 
Thomas lieywoud be vnn in closer |i«rsoiul 
intercourK, ihougb thor did not write to- 
Ri>tber ibr (lit- »lii^- kltvr lOO*.'. Id Uil2 
\Veh8ter joined livywood Mid ("yri! Tout- 
ni'ur in compiliuK ihv volume eiilitlcd 'TUn^! 
Kli'fiira to till! Alt-iiwirv of i'ritu'« il«irv.' 
■Welisler W8B author of the eecund jiim-iu 
vhtcb waMtntiUed* A Munumcnta] t'olnRin,' 
and wae dedicated U) Itoliftrt Carr, vl^cmml 
Itoche^t^r; there i§ a mre separate iaeue 
in the Itritiiih JUiiseun. It was a formnl 
elegy* but it includeft a Sae complioieut to 
tbe poet anil dramatiat Gt-oryi' CbapmaD, 
wbou WflwtCT call* ihn urmc«'t( ' pwwl 
llomt^r and my frii'iid." Webster also wrot*- 
prefalor)' verses for Heywood'e ' A]JoI<)gv fnr 
Actiirn' (1)112), nnd tlii-n; dJilrwuwJ iiuv* 
wood a^ • hU beloved friend.' 

It wa« only witli I't-kker tlmt Webeter 
formed, DB a drunrnt ist, any enduring I ir<Tarr 
alliance. \V itli Di'kker lie wrole vereee for 
tb* iplcnilidly iltiiMnitcd rolunic— Stpplxm ' 
llamaou'si'ArchesofTriuiuph' -whictiL'«;li>- | 
bratcd James I's foriuul i-iitrv inio the cit) 
of London in ItKU. Rut tbu moHt iniiionunt ' 
iruita of Wt-liMlfr'n alliiinci- witli IVkhi-r an? 
tlifi two buMlin^ and unn^fined iloniesiic | 
eooiediir* in iinii'i-, ' Wvntward lltif' iind | 

• Northward IIcw.' Tlirri- (u-itub iranon for 
Vlieting thai ihv first ])i«ce wan beffiin by 
Welwl^^r in the iiiimiTH.'r nf lfJ03, ami l!i»l 
after be had rnnip1<>ti>d tbit firtvt ihre" arl.^, 
ibB rvmaininf; two were added at the end of 
tbe next year br Tckk^r. with i<oin« aid 
from Webitt^r. The piiwe was neted by tbe 
cihildmi of St. Patil's jatt. Marv Chrirtmas 
1004. Wi'b«tur wag al»u tb« lurjivr con- 
tributor to ' Northward lloe," which waa , 
flnt uroducvd, attain by ibu- cliildnn of Si. . 
Paula. abi>nt Februnry liUJo. \n alhi»ion 
in act ii. fc. ii. lu the fact that four yi'urti ' 
bad jMUwed wnco the IsUndV Vnvn[ii'of I'Vi7 
h8<) i»en bvid to ]tnint to KiOl lui the dule 
of tbp first draft of tb*- pluy (.Vo^x aud | 
Querie*, 4th tar. xi. •'^i'^), but \\w dati-N arc < 
Etat«d looaelv. Iloth ' Wf-ktwan! Hue' snd 

• Northward ihw ' were publi»li<;d in leparfito ; 
quartos lu 1C07. > 

WVbftter's geiiiuB did not find full exprea- ' 
aifin iiutil be wholly fried himself frnm thu 
tranunttla of narl utfDiliip with nirti uf ]H)wt-rH 
inferior to hit own. At an wnawertained 
dare Wtwi-tn llJOr nnd 1(112 ]w for tlt« lir«t 
lime wrote a play ninfrlr handed, (iml ihfrfi 
evinced *ucb command of tragic an and in- , 
tensity aft Sbak^tiponreitlo'nranionf; KrfrtiJi- 1 
men baa eur^<a»)eu. Thi new pieeuwaii tint | 
publiahed iu Iljl2, undrr ihv (itle of 'Tht- 



WTiile Divel, or the Tragedy of Paulo Giorw 
dano Ursini, Ihilie of ItrBchiano, with tbe 
Life and Death of V'ittoris Corombotuk, the 
famous \'eneTian Curtisan. Acted by tbu 
Qucene's Maicstics Servant*,' London, 1612, 
4to. In an addreta ' to (liu reader ' WuWlvr 
di^ared that the piece ' was acted in so dull 
u time L<f winter, pn-sentud iu fo opeu and 
bltirlc II ihi-aire tltat ii wuutird a full and un> 
dt'T^tandin^ aiidilory.' It waa produced bjr 
ih".' ipifi'n'm-iimpnny, powibly at I he Curtain, 
in thft cold winl<T nf iTOr-J*. with tha preat 
HCtor lJiirbsi;pin the jinrt of Brocbiiino. 'The 
Wbit* IVvil ■ wa«.'^nb*it|iifn[!y (after ItilJu) 
performed by ^ueeii Henrietta's dcrvautit at 
llie Pba^uix Tht-utru in ]>rury Laue,tuid the 
fai?t wu^ uotMl oil (111! title-pa^- of u uuw 
editinn in IBHI. The ' Whit*; Uevil ' re- 
M^mbW in many points the 'KuvenffOr'a 
'i'ri»p-di«' of t'yril Tounieur [q. v.J, whioh 
van puliliehnd in ItiOT, and van daiibttesH 
written firrt. Tbe plot, drawn from un 
Italian nnurcf, in conipniindeil of aserieaof 
revoliiuu crimes, but the piece holds tbe 
reudiT DiH-IIWnnd bv the «tirrintr intensity 
with winch tbe dimmalist d{>Telops the 
tttory. lUrely in trajzedy has pity been more 
jj'jignnntly I'xdtiid llian bv the sorrows of 
the hi^b^pii'itt^d hei-oiue viltuna (cf. Sk- 
HONPK, ItenaisMtncf. i. 381 seq. ; SxEXDiiAi., 
Chi'fnii/»if» rt .Vt/urr/fM, PariB, IrtiVj). It i« 
doubtful if tbe piece were ju»tly valued in 
\\ u'bati'r'a own day. Only one panvg^yric 
linft b>-en tm-l with, fn 1(m,| Hamin-l Shi-jx 
purd declared in hi.i 'Kpigrarofl' that ihe 
chief clioracters in the ' \\ bite IWil ' nhoiild 
be ' gazed at ns comets by pofitcritie." There 
were laleredilions, in UHio and ltJ7i respec- 
tively. The piece wfl/* revived by Bctterton 
at thv Tbeatrt) Koyat iii H'>^'2, and Nuhnui 
Tate publii^bfd in 1707 an adaptation under 
the (ilk- of ' Injured Low,' but tins was not 
acted. 

Webtter followed up hia eucccfiH iu ihu 
' White llevil ' with ' .\ppiu« and VirKinia: 
a Tragedy,' a les^ noluDle piece, altbough 
it piiM'.'sised suhstantinl mi^nt. The »tory, 
whinli belongs to Unman liivlnry, waA drawn 
by Webster from I'aynter's ' Palace of Plea- 
tttin-,' wbither it found its way from Sor 
Uiovaoiii'* * II Pecorone-' The dmiuatiat 
invested the rocuunce with much simple 
jmthos, and tbe lucidity uf vho plot fuvout^ 
ably i.'imtrH3it» with the obHCurity that rbarac- 
t<!rised "WeheterH more ambitioiiB work in 
tni^i'dy. Mr. Flenv doubtfully di^tecla an 
allusion ai thiftendnf '.Vppiiis' to Hevwond's 
phiy of 'Lucreece,' which was published in 
16U6. litis II the only ground SDggc«ted 
for aasigniug the cDm]Kit)ition to lOOv, But 
it «et'ms to hftve been acted by (^ueen Annc'8 




cotnpanv of players bofont 1619, And to have 
MMod with the ' White \>«vi\ ' to <Jtie«n 
IleDrietU'A ccunpany <?arlT in Charlc« I> 
reign. Willism Bevfloo, 'tbv ^reritar of 
Hie kiiig Kiut queen'B Toung compaay of 
plftjren at tbe Cock-pit ut l>niry Lauv,' laiil 
ft cliiini in KISS) to nxduftive ownenthip in 
tile p'nwe; Bi-CHton's prptensiotl wasudmittcd 
bv lin* kiiif;. The pl«T wn* tin>l. pitWishwi 
for Iliimphrev Moci^ley in 1U«>4. 'Appiiis 
aod Virginia who xdapt^il by Cnrtwnplit 
for repri'SciitB.tirtn at ihi; Diil{i*'i»'nn*iitr« in 
Lincom-t Inn Fields in 1071, with the new 
DKtne of till- ' Itoman Virf^in, or tiui I'njuAr 
Jud^'.' Th« litle-rulea v/em fllled by Beiter- 

rtoii ni)d Itii- wife, 'i'be play ran at the time 
|br L'iglit (Inys BueoaNDTcly, and was fre- 
hltenlly rnviri-d in the fiillawing yoan (cf. 
QasBUT, i.-)09). The ndnpiatioo van pub- 
lisbed in ltl79 under tbe title of the' I'njuKi 
.fndf^.' John Dennis in 170t) publifllied a 
new piece with Webstcre old title- 
In the' l)iicVe*of MftlH' \Vi'b:>t''r renchpd 
m liiffli n lurel of tragic art as in the ' White 
DL-viT; The 'lluc!iL-s» ol' MM' WM Hwt 
plnyt-d by tlie ktng'K cni;ti iit iht- Blockfriare 
Thflntre obout lUlU, bat it was reviTiai at 
the Ulube TUeatro in iO-J-J, and wtu« tlrit 
^inted next jwr. Tlie titl« ran r ' The 
Tragedy of thv DuCcbmau of Mnlfy. As it 
was presented privatuly nt the Illuck- 
Frii-r* and ptiblitpiply at the {iiobe by Iho 
I King's MnJ4.'£lie8 8(rr\-ants. Th« ^wrfi-ci and 

I vxnct ciippv with divrrwe tbiiius priiileil Ibnl 

^^ tie ■•'ngtli of tba plav would not beare in 

^^m the prvsentment.' A ii»l of nctor»' nain)?> in 

^^r prefixed. Ilurhoffl created thi> pfirl of thike 
Ferdinand, and a boy, II. Sharpe, that of the 
Duchi<«fl. Thti di^dicntion wu addressed to 
UtMrge, lord Hi'rkeley, and tliere are prefa- 
tori- vcrftes embodyinr vnfan and un<jualilitd 
eulugybyFuriJ,Middl«U>Q.aQdWillitiniKow- 
ii^y. OthWeiiltionH appeared in I640and with 
alterations in 107!* uild 1708, but the tiret 
<ju»rto pri.*!«-iit)t the bisit t^xt. Tlii^ iiii«(> 
wat ivvi%ed nt thu Lincoln'a Inn I'lelds 
Tbeatrv in IftU bv BfltiTtiin, whn jilnved 
the villain HonoIh, with Mrs, Bettorton an 
the l)uclie»»; it was acted for eight days 
suc«-»sivi?ly, and provi-d one of the be»t 
i5loL'kliw'-ilteM(UESKST,i.o.*n. Thtt' Uiicheii$ 
of ilalli i.t the only plnv by WebBtar that 
hae been preiwiitt'd on ii uiocU-ni stuf^. On 
20 Nov. JS-M riielpa n-vi»ed it at SadlerV 
Well." Theatre in a ruvist'd veraiim bv 
Itieliard Ilifntfi-^l Home; Misi* (.ilyn t<WK 
thenartof ilif- Dii.rli*'W, nn'I ('helps appeared 
as Uuke Ferdlniiuil, Tlie play met with 
great «ii(y<-r<i, and hnd n Innf^ run. It was 
re)mbli»hed at the \iam an port i. of Tallia's 
' Acting l>raniii,' with a portrait and memoir 





of Mias Oljrn by J. A. H««ud. Anotber. 
rerised version nf the tracedj by Mr. W 
liatnI'oelwa«]S\)dtiecdattno(>peraOoiniq 
by th» IndepeDdent Theatre bocietv on '2 
and 26 Oct. 1682 : Miss Mary ItorVe play 
tbv Ducbcw. The play was aopBrately 
ediie«l in * The Tttaple Drainatiata ' l>y IVo- 
ffseor C. E. Vaughan tn It^trO. 

1'hii pint i^ bnsod on an incident in N 
pnlitan hifilory, which ia narrated in Bel 
lorpst's FreDcli translation of * BandeU< 
NoTcWNo. 10; in HeanTi! 'ThBatn-of God' 
.ludgineulH,'bk.ii chap. ^1; andindoul 
' Ilisloinia Adtuirabltw de notre tetuptt/ p. ^J 
Lope de V^ conalructed a play out of Ui<i 
Aame malenabt, and oave it the title of ' Kl 
ntayordomu de la Dnqnosca dv Amalti.' 
Thu ihiMne ia the venvi>anee wrought by 
Ferdinand, duke of Calabria, and hia brother. 
the cnrditinl, on their sister, the l)uch«M of 
Malfi, for lier defiance of the fanily faotuior 
in marrying Antonio, (be eteward of her 
liowwhold. Puke Ferdinand wilyect* 
lister to almost eyery&ntaattc torture kao 
lo the writenof Italian fiction. He pays 
the penally of his cruelty by going load, 
and al the »?nd of the play hardly any lead- 
ing clianieter U left alLvn; fii'e mt-n, three 
women, and two children come t» violent 
ends. Webster owed the merest xuggefftton 
of the plar to his uuthoritips. lli» aw^'el 
mt-cit of tlie pl<>t i» wholly original, 
interoel centre.- in the characterisHlion of 
courageoua and iioble-hriirtad heroim% who 
ia slowly niur<!i>.red by her cruel brothe 
It was of her character and fortiinw, whi 
more every just eritic to enlhiwiaitm, ih 
Charles I^mb wrote: 'To more a horror 
flkill'iilly, Co touch a soul to the quick, to 
lay upon fear as much lu it can bear, to 
wean and weary a life till it ia ready to 
drT.>p, and ihun step iu with mortal ioatru* 
nientft to tak«! ita lost forfeit: this only a 
Wcbslijr can do. Writers of au inferior 
gi-niiis may *' upon hiimir'* head horror* 
aceuniutiLte," but they cannot do this. Thin' 
mixtnke iiiingitily for quality, iher " tenify 
babi-.i witli ]}ainted devils,*' but they Imo' 
not how a soul is capable of beinir uiovedij 
llieir terror* want dipnity, their aOJrigf 
motit$ are without decorum' (Lamb's 
r/ieni; ' Iluehess of Maify,' ii. 42). 

\\'ebsttn- nL'ver renclied tbe same h 
lutuin, uiiJ IiIm rvmnuiing work, althou^ 
IicneK louclied with his old spirit, is, ofi 
wbulr'.tninp whrn aiitipan-il with either 
' Durhe&e of Malfy ' or the ' White neril.' 
'The Devil's Law CiW'; or, When Wonii 
go to law the I>evtl I* full of bnsioeat, 
new 1 rage-corn cedy,' has a few scenes i 
ore quit« worthy of thrir author, but the 



1 



aya I 

*d. 
ad- 
ireo 
eat 
■ton 

31 

ho 



Webster 



"J 



Webster 



diugrMoUe plot ii inadequately relieved 
hv artistic tntatmeiit. Ic was act^d *by 
(^uven ABiie'4 wrvanta/nnd therefore Mont 
1619. It WH first publUltvd in liVJS with 
'Cho HMuranco on the litle-jio^ that it was 
'The true stid perfect oopio from ihu origi- 
haIL Aa it wofl approouedlf wi>ll OL-ted by 
bcr Dawwtict sorranla.' MVIj6t«r addreaeed 
UiededicetiAa lASirThoRiui Finch, b*r1,, and 
a modest oppeftl far n fair judf^mpnt * to the 
jndicioiu nwler.' I>yce sMexln that it was 
■«ritt«D not earli>>r thui lijiU, on the M r«n|^h 
of a rer>- disputable allusion to the Atuboyna 
l»ftS.-u»et« in rVbruary of liial year. 

In I6il W«iittterlurnf)d from |)lu.y -writing 
to perfortu a piecv of wtirk for t>ld frieiida. 
In thftt yuar Middloton. the city poet, wv 
unabii? ti> prifparv iUh wonls for lli« lord 
nuyor's p&gouil. iohn dare, \he nf^w lord 
niay(ir, irns n uK'caber of thi> Merchant 
Tayloi?' Company, to wliirli \\V>b«[i-r be- 
toDged, and be ftppropriatt>ly underlook lo 
All Middt4ioii's place. The remit was a 
oonvcntiooal > |iaaeanc' entitled ' Motiumcats 
of Honor, l>enved frRmremarkabltrfltiliqiiity, 
and cclebmied in the Honorable City ni' 
Ixindon, at tlie ni\f niuniliniil <Tbnrgc niid 
expiaici'^ of tbu UiR-ht Wonhy mnd \\'ore]iip- 
full Kratrrnity of the tltnimeiit Mrrthanl 
Taylora. . . . Inv^nt^d and written hyJobn 
W«bBt«T, Merchant Tavior,' priiitt^d at 
I^ndon by Nicholas Ok<;s, 16^4, 4to. Tht- 
work is exr«Mi?eIy rnrR. A copy which 
formerly belon^d to Ileber is now the 
property of tho Diikc of Devonshire. 

A year earlier Wcbuer wpot« oli^^bt coin- 
mendatoTT vcrwa for the 'Eng]:tih Die- 
tionarie ' of ' his iuduelriotu friend Mtuttvr 
Ilonrj' Coclteram ' (\&£i), and a year after 
tbti prmltiction of hie mayoral pu^'uani ho 
aeemii lobavc dii-d. it U iK^Ktibh', nlthoiiffh 
it is by uu meana cnruin, that lie waa int) 
John \Vebtt4ir. 'clotii-worker,' who mad« h>« 
will on Tt Au|^. 1525 ; it was proved on 7 Oct. 

OildoD in bis ' Lives of the I'oeta' (ItiVW) 
elAten thai Wcheter wa« clerk of cha parish 
of St. Andrew's, Holborn. The many refe- 
rences that appear in Web^te^r's pluvs to 
tombsiiHifo and dinrvs huvu boeii ht;ld by 
Lamb niid olbtftn tu curmburato tbit< tUwiry 
of the dramatist's occupation. XoeonfimiB' 
tioa baa tMH*ii found in ihtt purochia] rL-coriU, 
and it is unlikely to \k true. Webster hii^ 
bI*o been wrongly idenliftin! with John Web- 
fitcr, flutbor of the ' Diaplavinj; of Supposed 
\Vitch»tafi,' who is noticeci iie]>iirately. 

Collier Atutix) without authority that 
WebMerrvsided umoiis tbt.- aetoru in Jloly- 
well SiTMt, Colliur iTkewise tdeutified him 
with one John W'eb^or who ojarried Ittbell 
Sutton at S'.. Leonard's parisli church, i31ion»> 



dicoti. tm SS Joly 1590, and was father of a 
danghler Alice ^baptiMd at the same church 
onl) May 1(106). 

Thrw- extant plays were aasiffned to Web- 
fltcr after hisdtiaiii. but doubts as to his 
reaponeibility are justtHuble. Kirkman, un 
enUiusiastic reader and collector of playa, 
publiahvd in lOSl two plays— ■ Tho Thra- 
cian Wonder' aud 'A Can) for a Cuckold* 
—vaoh of which ho oescrti-d to be from the 
joint peuftof W>-lt<tiT oikI Willinm nnwley. 
'Tlu> IHimcian Wonder '^a rery dull pioee 
of work — was basvd on William \^'araer'a 
paatoml Mory of ' .\rgeiilile and Curon,'oiid 
shows few traces of tbc known tttyle of either 
of the uUcgL-d authors. Tbt; fact that one 
t\'lttiaiit Webster publiihwl in 1617 a new 
poetic Version of \\ urner's utorv may account 
lor th'.> aa«K)CLution uf John W^ehster's name 
with ' The Tlimcinn Wondrr.' 

Th« authorship of ' A l/ura for & Cuckold ' 
sunm» ri|{lilly ilttscribud by Xirkman. Th« 
piece naturallv dividea itself into two parta. 
One treats witV some extravagance (but with 
a ^od dt^l of ]Kietic feeling and 'Iranintic 
power) a slory iu NVebster'a vein. The cen- 
tral chnracler of this section, the pefverofr* 
lempei\.-d OEnrv, wlio i« ulliauci-d to Ltnsing- 
hom, dares her lover to murder hi* bftsl 
frii'nd, Itonvilv, and the eusuinff cocnplicn- 
ticmn give the dranuiti»t au o]iportuuily for 
chiirneter-atuilieii, of which hi- lakcA for the 
inoDt UBrt g'xid advonlo^'. Gene»t first 
poiult-ij uHl thut thn incident of 1 .i.<s<>in[^- 
hau's thn<ut lo kill hl.^ friend Ronrilf hud 
a clo*e |>ftmlU-l in MaMinjter's ' Parliament 
of Lnvft." Tin* i<econd part of the ploy fOMts 
with much hb«ldr>', but with comic eBt-ct, 
the discovery by a rough sea oantoin that 
his wife lia^ become a uolliur during hie 
four yeurs' absence. There is no connection 
ill iityle between the two purls. The coatee 
flceufs aire in pro»e, anti iiioy well U- by 
^^'illiaID KowluT. The lore BloryofClfta- la 
in bliiiik vr.ni*, which rlui*p1vri'feR)bh*-* that nf 
Webster's acknowledged work. .Mr. Kdmiind 
(Jowe ingenioiiftly supge^ted tlint Webster's 
allf'ifed conirihution to the pieioc was n Belf- 
coulsined and indi:peiideiit whole, The 
fantastic tale of Clni-e and Ijei^ingham was 
privately pri)iii.'d with the title of ' Lova'a 
Itmdtiale undtir tile din-etion of Mr. Stephen 
Iv. Sprine-Itice, (.'.B.^at Mr. Daiiiel's Dxford 

En-Mtt ill If'flo. Air. Kdniuud 0<i»*e coiitri- 
uted a prefatory pb^aj. 
The third piis;u posthumouely atwiipied to 
Wi'lwter wiw a comt-dy called 'The Weakest 
goes to the AV'all,' which was tint printed 
anonymously in IfjUU, and aj^aia in llJlH. 
It wa« fintt claimed for Webster (with Uok- 
ker) in l&i5 by liklward Pliillipa in bia 



p 



'TbMtmm Poetannn,' but Phillips vm ccr- 1 
taiuly in error. Tli« plot appean to be 
■Irftwii fmm Bomab^ kicht'a 'Farewell to 
Mililaric l^rofewioD' (1{>SI). 11u9 younger 
Hulict included it in liii edition of Web- 
eter'a worke. 

Two other plajH in which Web«t«r bail a ' 
hand aru bet. Uu 13 Sept. l(Ji4 then; was | 
lic*n!wilforpiib!i«ilion'Bii*!wtragwiy'»lItd i 
* A 1nl« Murder nf the Son upon the Moibpr' 
hy Vord and Webiler. Weixiter was also , 
tnc author of a )>]ay called ' Quids' which 
waadoubtlves a trautidv founded, like Mar- 
lowe's ' MaMacre of l'ari«,' on conlcmporan' 
I-Vvucli history. Webstur T«ftfr«to ibti work 
wht?u (l«dicatiDK hia ' Devil's Law t'a*e ' to 
Kir Thomnfi tlucb. Muntiun of a ]>lay of | 
thit nnnitt iimndt'by IIkiihIdwu in hia'Diarj' 
in 1601, and CoUUt unwamiutubly Inaurlud 
tbi' wnrd ' WVbslw ' uhvr thi» ctitry. W«>b- | 
Jter'fi play hoA not eurTivi>d, and notliin^r i» 
pwitivtly known ni its dot* of composition, 

TLe biMt rftllMlion of orijrinal editions nf 
Webeter's pUvs boloacs to the fuke of 
UovonBbire. fn 1n;J0 Wr-bslir's work^wt-n- 
cullfL'ti^d iiifoiir volumes by Altaandt^r Dycc. 
Anew issiifof I)ycl''s^■dition.revist■dandcor- 
n)Ctt-d, up^R'arvd in 1607, and in i>n>:: volume , 
in 18(16. Williuiu Ilazlitt, the critic's »on, 
i9dilL<d an ftditiiin in four volumt^s in \S56. 

Although Niitbaii Dmkti aiid »utne other 
eiffbt«enth-«entory criticji bad detected in 
WebfittT *n mim tlian enrtlily wilda«*,' . 
it wttH {'hATli<.s IjiTiib wlio tlral tvcogniwd ^ 
hU surpassing K^niua sa a writer of trugedy. 
SulwMMpii'iitly ilftxiitt, and at a laMir prriml 
}iIt. Swinburne, bont powerful tftfltimony tn 
Lamb's mat ncMiif view. Web»t<rri«obTiouely 
a dii*cipli!! of Shrtki'-^pi-aro, and of nil bispnn- 
teinporariefl Wcbfti+.TttpiiroaclienSliakespearf 
noarcet in tragic power. But his jiowcr \» 
inliuitvly circuui^cnbed whva it m compared 
with Shakesneiirt-'s, Ilia kuowIedg;e of his j 
moclvr's wurli, luo, if Eotni't inii*« i Lt-ibU' in a 
form Miig)^)-«tivi^ of plftginriiim. U\* mafiter- ' 
pieflesare liable lo thf u'hnrfrc thut tli(.'yprB- 
iwnt t)ii> story ijidrfiKivrlv nnd at limcjt full 
in dramatic point and per^iiiriiiiy. Many 
BOenea too strongly r*r»einbl»' diaKuruBe from 
romanoca lo ri-ndVr tlisni i-rt^ctivu on lhi> 
tUige. ^N'tibstor lacked Shakes peaiv's sure- 
BMa of touch in developing cbRrHcfvr, and 
bi« 8ludi<.-« of human ujitiin-oftt^n sutler fruiu 
ov«r-L'lnbt)rattou. \\ ttb ft periiiAtcnce tbaL 
BceiDA unjust iriublii in u^nat artist, Webster, 
mon'Over, c()iii;i'iilrutfd hU cbiHrfnBrjriHfl on 
n^ulsivotliemes and characters; liotraiKcked 
"With an ob^CinuU' monoti.iiiy in fntilnniic 
erimiie. NpTerlhu'leiw hf. hnd n true artintir 
•Miiwt. lie worked Blowly.mid viewpdwith 
abhorrence careless or nndigfultid work. ' No 




•ct ton,' he wrote i» ibeprefiiec to'Tlic Derir* 
Law Caae,' ' can erer be gracioaa wh«re the 
dvcencT of tho language and ingenious Ftvue- 
ture of the Kene arrive not to niskc up n 
perfwt harmony.' It is proof of bis high 
pot^lic spirit that hit n-as eap«bie of illunu- 
nating acen«s of the moat repeil«nt wroDg> 
doing with miraculoBS Cou£h«e of pmtio 
beauty such a«only SliakHtpearacouliTrival, 
Furttiennore, Wetiater, dmpite all the vioe 
ruund which bis plols rsTolre, is raraly 
coarm.'. In depicting the pcrt'ersiti'isof pu> 
sioQ he never deviated into prurieocr, and 
hanilltsl situaiioos of conventional didicacy 
with digmlled retbeacc. ^^'cb«ter'8 dia* 
logue (hcscidom ecaayad soliloquy) abouoda 
in rapid imagery. His blank vvrut b vi 
roua and niusku. In itageneral movetnioit 
itrusemblirsthatofSbakespenrv's later pUyo. 
It til far li^win-^iilur than Mnrlowtt'fi, but Nn&tT" 
what moru regular than Fletclier's. .\t ita 
be«tht«Unguag>' lias »on:)«tbing oft be 'happy 
valinnry'which Coleridge detected in Shake- 
epcareV 'Antony and Cleopatra:' it hascon- 
Nequi-ntly no «raall «har« of the obscurity 
which cuaracieri^a Shakespeare's later work. 
This ft-alim; in Webster itopress4!d his con- 
temporurittf, one of whom, Henry Fitc- 
Ueoffrey, applied l'i him I lie epithet ' crabbed,' 
iind dt'clnr>-<l liint Iil- wrolt? ' with hia mouth 
awry.' Uul, as another cuntvmporari', Mid* 
dieton, BUgseated witti surer in»ighl, tha 
force of Webster's tragic gvnius, despite tbo 
occaaional iii(U»tinctni-iu of hiii titl>'rnnc« 
and other del'tvtii of exi'cution, allows n 
i3oubt of tliri M«Mitial greatness of hu 
matie concept ionii. 

T\m fame of Webster has spread to FmncS 
and (tcmiflny. The ' Duclie«t of Mal^' 
and ' 'J1i<> While l>evil ' w«rv publitbed wiii^, 
an npiireciativD profocc in I'rench irnn^la 
lions by Ernest Lafoud at Paris in 1 
and Fn-derick Itodenatedl devoted the G 
volumu of his ' William Shakw^iesres ^i 
g«n»«Rn uiiil ihre Wirrke ' ( Berlin, 1858) I 
K tiermnn rendering of extmcta from 
Websler's piny*. 

[Dj-cd'b I [itro<lui:l ioa to bis oditioD of Wsb- 
"lor's W«iki>. 1H<S6; lirncst'H A<vi>iiot of tha 
.'iljigc, «, ie-I7 ; Wivpd's Ilwtnry of Kn^lish 
bramslic Lltpraturs, new tilit. IB'jD, iJi. Al 
l-'lcjiy's Kii-grnphintl Cbmmclr of the Kaslii 
llntniii : I^iinl]'* Seloolioiiii- IlHKlitt's Klu 
bctbiiu Pnimiitie Liliitulurc ; Witl'wsi Biulii 
(tlir ycmtigiTl ititrtnlucliiin to his edition of Weh 
liter's Work*, IS.'jJ ; Mr. J. A. SyfimntiBB in*f»' 
to tlio 'Mitrniald' eilitiou of Selectivusfrom Web- ' 
stcr; Mr. tJos.tt-'a .Sr'Tcnti'«Dlh-('«niUTy .Stgdisfl ' 
LDntBiiiin); no udniinihlo wsoty on Welater; Xt. 
.Suiatfuruvx txinirsgtuLliy euloRtslic raaay is 
the Nineieroih Ceniory, June llltl6; Mr. Wile, 



I 



Webster 



"5 



Webster 



A. 

i 



tiftm Areher'a man sober roiimuu labijiArtide 
* Wsbaior, Limb. »nil Mr. Swtnbuma' in Stw 
fitrion'. IS93. tiii 9f> W].) S. L, 

WEB3TEK, J(JiIN (UH0-l(i*2). author 
of ' Ttw Hisplaviiig of Supposed Witchcraft,' 
WHS boru ilI TIJorulon in Cruvon un S Pub, 
1009-10. Uf- 9]>t»kfl of ('ambrtdgona ihougL 
lie had rt-ceived his education ihere, bat no 
record Csn be foiinilof liim in tEn.i iinivi^rxitY 
reewteni. Su1]iw<|Uent. ta Jtity 1032 he was 
Orauned, and in 1H3J n-ns ciirat» nf Kild- 
wiek in Cnivdn. Prcvi«u.»t(ihi:*oniinati(mhi* ] 
badftudlvdcbeniistry under Job n Iluiiiadf^, 
probably iii llio course uf mrdic^l study. | 
In IftiS lit* w uutvr of lh« frw ^ammiir i 
mJiooI kt CliLbenM, but during tb« civil war \ 
lu>tic(pd an (^hapluin and nurj^non in tho pnrlis- 
mptitary nrniy. 11k vriut nurfriixi tii (iiilniinl 
^hnuleworth'a repiment in 164", by which 
tiiuv lie hod si>pKn>Eitly Ji<fl the ••stnbliHh«d 
church and nccome a nniiimrifnrinist (cf. 
Sainf» Knt, 16i»l). Towards the end of 
the civil war lic'wiut intniil>ii by tbi? go- 
Tt-mtOK powers' iiil{> the vicaraK» of .Milton 
in VorkBliire, and thunce prwachetl sotuetinic« 
*Krati»*Bl (frindlctoti, four miles diNlftiil. 
tie WB> ■till at Mittou in lti>>j. IIi- wait 
•pparentlT oiBciatbf; minifltt-r ut All Kul- 
lo>wa, l<wmblLrd Sttr«-l, when-, «m 12 Oct. 
1063, he and Williotn Erbiiry [q. v.] had ' a 
verj fsiDouti diMjnit"' with ttrq miiu«ti;re 
wThM" nnniM) ax* not knnwn (I'f. Mrrcuriwt 
J*»Ulicu*.\^-2Q0ci. 1053; EuBtm..^ Jtf^on- 
rout Dirpuir; WxiwrKR, Thp Pirtttrv of 
^frcuriun PotiU'cia). At tliiatime Wohati-r 
w famous as a preacher. His attitude) 
iwarda university teaching, or as 1w cnllcd 
tt'haniano or ac(|uired learning,' l«d him 
into aotDfi controvcrey, and wan, ho states, 
much niii<undurKtood, In hi-< vtidiiiroiir 1<> 
makit his ])o«itifiii riear ItP published in 1051 
hia ' Acadominrum Kxatnon,' in thu upisllv to . 
which hi- ii-twrtu thai he iiilrmU not 'to 
ireduri- or r«Uininial« the acadi-tnies them- > 
wives, bt<l only tliecorruplintw thai l.tme' and 1 
oegltfrence hath intmdncod th(>re.' lie gives 
rent, however, to his tendency towards mys- 
ticism in his t'lpn-wwl admiration of Jacob 
Boehmen^P' 24}), and his nM:onitu«>odation 
of tb« study of Mtrotocy (p. 51). The book 
wu anaw^rcd by Strth Ward [ij. v.l, bi^ihop 
ut Salisbury, under the sig;iiature 11. !>., the 
final letlt^rs of both litit Damc«. with a prr- 
&tory Hpititlnby John Wilkinsfq. t.j, biMiop 
of C'hpst^r, also aiptiDd with 6nailetteTa,>*.S., 
and which hn" in iionjwquorco bmm tuwi)^u<d 
to Nntbaniel Stephana (IfWR.^-lfiTB') [{]. v.] 
ThnmiL'i Hall ( lf(Ki 106.5) 'a. v.] also wrott- 
a rt-ply cntitU-d 'Histrio-Mastix: a "ttHiip 
for Wfbster,' at the end of his * Vindiciic 
Lilerarum.* In 16&4 he was occupied in a 



eonlTOTcrsy with Thotna* Jollie [a. v.] In 
ltio7 WebMer was residioir nt Clituerov. 
The following year his books were seiied and 
lakcu away frjm biiii, but for what cauae 
does not appear. He now seems to havn 
ipven up the ninistry Dud to havo devoted 
himNnirio the Hluily of metal lur;gy and the 
practice of medicine. 

It was al this time, ad aUo l«t*r when 
his ng*! inrcrforfld with active practicj:', that 
he prepared his ' DiHplavin^ of Supptised 
Witflhcmft" (l^nilon. t677: Halle, 1719, 
Ot-rmnn Iranslatiun, with pn>t'ace by Chris- 
tian Thomas ), in whiohhe attacked I hr* credu- 
lous vivws uf Muric Cusuuboii [q. v.l. Jusuph 
Hianvi!U*[.v.>nd Henry Morr(l(l!4-1^7) 

'a- '^0 

Wab*t<*r<lind on 19 Jiirw 1162, and was 
buried on the -iUt at Clitliaroe. Hi^ worka 
show that his active, imprwsionuble mind 
paa«dtUmugh manrphascA nfroligions con- 
viction, and it is ditBcult to recoacilu the 
aiirhr>r«hip of 'TheJiid^cnt Het' with that 
of the ■ Examen ' or lUo ' Uisplnvinf.' Wurtl 
accuses Webster of ignorance ( l'i»aieiie A'ti- 
ilrmiarum, p. 1 ), but Im wn« nfcjuiiintvd with 
l>atiu, lireek, Hebrew, Germiui, Il.niian, and 
FrL'noli. 

He was «vidf<nlly married, as Thon-sby 
(Ih'anf. i. AWi) mentions obtaining informs* 
tion m>pi<i;tititf liim from 'a minister who 
marritrd hi.i widow.' 

Hall, in tlifl title to his 'Hirilrio-Mastix,' 
sarcantically »i[wnk» of Webster ' as (as 'tis 
cnnflpived) thit Quondam Player.' and for 
some time it seems to have been taken for 
gmnled that ihL- * Examcn ' waa written by 
bis namesake, the dramatist. Un the 
Btrength of HaU's * coneeived ' opinion, 
rayiM- CVillii-r iPoetitvil Decameron, u. 20O 
ot M-<\.) absurdly accept.i the ' Kxararn ' <w tho 
work of the more famous John Webster, 
and compares pnawiges in it with fome in the 
' Utichesa of Malfi to eup[Hirt his viuw. 
Thi-nci' hc^ fonliHhIy nrgtif* thnt the ' Saint's 
Ouide'wasahioby thodmmali!4t. Hcmn.kc6, 
however, no mention of the 'Displaying of 
8uppowd Witchcraft.' The identity of the 
author of the ' Examen ' with that oftbo ' Di»- 

tilaving,' which liad been previously statfd 
IV Henry More in hi«i attack on Wobster in 
the ' Ppiefatio Qeneniliiuima' to the Latin 
oililion of his works (vol. ii. pp. sri-XTii), 
wad iinally ttstablishedby Hvco in the intrr^- 
duclion to hia 'Works of WVMer the I)r«- 
Riatint.' Dyx'o at the same time disposed of 
the ridiculous ascription of thf 'Kxamen' 
and other works to the dramatist. Webster 
took plrmsiin:- in signing hlmeetf 'Johannes 
Ilyphastes," and tlie pseudonym appears on 
his memorial tablet in Clitheruv church, 



llifl publiah^ work* include: I, 'The 
Sauit'e Quidu,' Lomlon, lOHS. W^l, 1099. 
3- 'The Picture of Mercuriiw IWilicus.'ljOn- 
dmijltiSa, 4to. 3. 'The Jwlpneni Sol tnil 
theBookx o)wnpil,'ljonil<m, lii->4, cinnniiiing 
(i.) * The Vail nf tlie {'iwering' (rpprinted, 
aetmrat«ljr,ljoi]cloii, ITIS, Ci)re«nwicli. 1817); 
(ii.) *Tli<? BiiilfJi?r« of Bnbet confoun<1e<i ; ' 
(jLi.) 'The Power of l>iviD« Auraction;' 
(iv.) 'Tbo Cloud taken off th* Tnbcrnncle ' 
(iviirinUHl, Lumion, 1708); (v.) ' The .Secret 
Sooilisaver ' (reprinled, LondoH, I7l(S) ; 
(vi.) "Thfl ICovtmp of every Pkiil ; ' 
[ vii.) • The S4int,'ii I'errwl FnirJom ; ' 
(viii.) ' A Rft*iponaimi to certain pretendi^d 
Aitpimunts ; ' Ox.) 'A T'-'stimwiy frv^lr 
jrivi-n," th*' wliftlfs work, Itrigblon, I63<'>, 
•J, ' AcadDiniarum Exameu.' London, 16''>1. 
5. • JK-talloffTitphift,' London. IBUl, 1H7). 
UttoUo wrotf aiiatcount und defeoft) of the 
character of William Erhury na ivu epistlu 
to ErburyV -wurk, ' llio Ontiit Knrth'^uiLkv.' 

f\Vhit«kcr'6 WbaUoT. it. 88-7, 9A, *9t. fiOS, 
MS-fil : Whit*k«r's Crtvan. p. 22. InliwUn-- 
tioB nod NoUis bo Potu'i DiiWDVrrjr of Witeb«« 
bj JiimetCroiBle;(Chethain $oc.)pp. xsrlii^i ; 
Wahster'n Worka, pawim ; Cnl. of SlAto Pnpcw, 
IBAf-li, 11. 302; Brnihrnwr'n Hnndbucb der 
KMumi^ieliicliii.', pt. il. Tul, i. p. 31; MorboTc 
Poljrhiator Lit«r»nus. ii. lO'i; JdumtU des 
SvAVUiB, 1678. [1. IJiR; Philopi'Jijhici! Truiisac- 
UoQB, 1070, p. 2034 ; Oldj-s'* Briil«h Librarian, 
p. ii) : Brjrihc<-'<*'* Ccn»uni Lilerariu. x. SOfl-T -. 
Lniwdowiie M3. 4iJ9. f. 72; NotB-bwk of lli* 
R«7. TtiuTDHs JoUy (Chatham f^oe.), pp. xiv. 126, 
188; 8talf> Prtpore (lloior.1 Office) Dom. Com- 
IDonwnllh, toI rllxii. t. 177.1 ^- ^■ 

WEBSTER. THOMAS (1778-18+4), 
geologist, bom in llie Orkneys in 177S, via 
edncated nt Ab«^rdeen, c»me to London early 
in life, and Hfiidicd nrchitcci iiro and afrricul- 
ture. He travelled ihroiitih England and 
FrancCjTnaking'aki'tchts for illiulrated works 
aud oblaint;!! mjni<} practice as an arcLiU'ct, 
the Kftyal Iti.slitiitton in ;\Jbemarle Street 
b«iu|r bulk from hisdt«i^'ii. Il was probably 
thi-ic^ircmiifttiuire that farotintitliini inlooMo* 
daiioEiwith Sir Benjamin Tbompeon, count 
vim Itiimrnrdfq.v.] Wttbttur^ gtmlogieaJ in- 
!<i?hr n-aa .H}iown in hts claMsieal owraotr * On 
1.I1" Fresh-water Formations in the Isle of 
Wight, witli §omc Ob»ftr%-»ti(m»oiii the Strata 
over the Chalk in the South-east of Enffland,' 
which wiispublifihedinthe'GeolagicnlTrttllft- 
actions' in 1814, and led 10 kU (tmocialion u 
eeoloRiat with Sir Heurj- Charles Kn|tle6eld 
[0 . V.I in hi« ' I>o«cri^l iun of the lalo of^Vigr]lt ' 
(London, ISlO.llrt). Though Wubfteriiionly 
credited with eij^ht. napeni in the Royal Sn- 
ciwty's catiiioi{ui' (vi. 2ftR), all iloJiIiag with 
the geology af the Upper t^e£onda^y and Ter- i 



tiarv strata of the 8outh>«a«t of Rag 

and" dated between 1914 and leK," l 

nearly oil rank ai tad eiaatici on their fMpne- 

lifc Kubjuctii. Sudi Rfu tlu.' memoirB on the 

lieieati! *>ioiir nud Nuffield fiilU-r'n-earth 

ilHil), Honlwell Cliff, lh«> Btnua at HaA- 

inf^ii, and the Pnrbitck and Portland be«ls 

(Ii»34). He edited the W^t edition of 

Iinison's ' Eleraenta of Sdeaoe and Art ' 

( [,ondon, \S2'2> Sro). asd. with Mn>. Parker, 

, l^rongman'a ' Kncjclopnoia of UocBMlic 

, Economy ' (Ivondon, 1844, 8to), which John 

! Claudius Loudon [ij.v.'J luid begun. In 18Jb 

' M'ebater wm appointed houa e so cr«tanr to 

the Geological Society and curator of the 

iniii<4-u[n ; in 1840 hn wita ^rantiid a gownt- 

nifint iwnsinn of 60/, a year for his aervi 

to penlo^y, ond in 1^1-2 be was appoiii 

trofi"*.''Or of geology in the univcnity 
,oudon (Unirersity College^. Ue di&d 
Ijijndun on '2G Dec. 1^4 at l/Ondon St 
Fitiroy Square, and was burit<d in Hi| 
cemetery. lie left more than a h 
ToltinieH in manuscript dvaliiu; with a wide 
varii<ty of Hul^ecta. lli^i name tA %>i«nciated 
with a rare British mineral, Weheterite, and 
I with various fossiht. 

[Mifhand's BioxraphiAUniverMiU^, rol. xli 
Oeiit. MaR. Ift4.'i, 1. 211 ; Builder, 184;. v. 1' 
CaasickV Epriaplia i n Ch ureh and BnrMi Oron: 
at St. Pan<<nui. 1 872. ii. :fU, Jaaes's Royal 

■iiit'iiiun. 1871, ituwJui.l 0. 8. Bi 




a 



WEBSTER, TlIOMAS(1810-187iJ),b«l- 
ritut, burn on 10 Oct. 1610, was the eld«Bt 
aon of ThomiuH Wnbalw, vicar of Oaktngton, 
Cnmbnd^esbire. From the Chart«rlu)use i$ 
proct-edi-d fii Tnnit.yCo]]Hffe,Caml>ridse, 
graduated B.A. sb fourteenth uTansler 
18.12, proceedinff M.A. in 1835. la 18:^7 
becsma sscretary to the Institution of Civil 
Engineers. In li*3Q he revigned ibis ]<oft, 
but ntnainod honorary secretary to thi^ in- 
stitution till 1841. In that year he vru 
cAlled to the bar at LincolnV Inn, and joined 
thtf DorthtLTu circtiic. lie suon aoquit^l ■ 
litf^ practii^e in connection with scientific 
coses, and for many years wa-'i reoomiiwd •■ 
a leading Mtithoritr on patent law. Iltf>* R^ 
ports BJid Notes of Oases on I.>et1«r« Patent 
for Taventioiu' (18-t-l) was Ions the chief 
ti>Ttbook on the sninect, and stiTl remaini a 
standard work of rviereuce. It was lurdy 
due to bis efforts that the Patent Law 
Amendment .\ct of 1652 was passed, on act 
by which th« niiinf^rcmn nbtms tliat bsd 
[irown up round the ancient syfllem of grsnt- 
lug pa1i?iitJi were swept awey, the cost of 
n patent greatly reduced, and "the system in- 
1rucUic>.>d that with certain modifications has 
worked well up to the present time. Websltf 



eat 




Webster 



187 



Webster 



had mIjso a considenLble pnrliumviitar.' prac- 
Ucf^. ilt vfM one ot tlui counaal en^c&^d for 
Birkf.nhMul in rlie sreal oontetiut rvepoctiug 
the Liv*r|Miol nnil ^lursey dock*.. In Iti48 
he publiiiliM A Imnclbonk on 'Tbo PorU Mul 
Docks of ltirkenlii>a(],'Bnd in IS'>3 nnd 18&7 
he republished the reporu of the artinjrcom- 
miitee of the conaervators of the Mvrexy, 
and thcAo books hftvc been fur m«ny Tenra 
tbf staiidjtn) wvrks of rofiaviic reUtinu to 
that riTer. IIo wiafat long an aetivo mom- 
b«rof thw i^vumiiifc boOy of the i^ocioty of 
Art«. lie WM in Ihi* rhair at the mepling 
of the societT in l>*4ii wh«n th* first ]ir>- 
p<Hiil vetut madi^ for Iiokline Lhit grwnt Irittvr- 
nati>>nal Exltihitinn of IHiil, and formed ono 
of the fiwt comiDitlefi oppointiiJ to oripitiisi! 
that «xhibiCton. Ha wns <'!rtctei] a fellow 
of the Koyal Society in l(*4r, and in 1*HA 
he was appointed on« of her nuyoity'* Cfiiin- 
mel. Ho uiL'd in London on 3 .fiinu i^7o. 

W'ebater waa twice marrit-d: first, in 1S3(1, 
to ElianW-lh. <dd<3Ht daiisbter of Kicliard 
Calthrop of Swiii««ii«-ad Abbey, Lineoliiahin.-; 
and, secondly, to Manr Frances, (laughter of 
Jo<wph C<»:)k"worthy, M.IX.of nTincml-li. ]ly 
hia first wifn he ha<l thrne aoha (thenecnndnf 
whom is Sir Itichard Flvcrard Wobrttr, 
G.C.M.O,,attorney-g*^iier«liancl two dau^Ii- 
t«rs ; by liia second wife h? bad one eou itnd 
one dau}(bt«r. 

[Joan. 8oe. Arts, xxiii. 6R5: law Tiront, 
13 Jnnn 18*5; Tibimi, 7 Jnna IHiu ; pc^raonuL 
knowlodK^': iafomuitigu furaixljed by f*it Ri- 
chard Wobatcr.] H. T. W. 

WEBSTER, THOMAS (IWW IftStt), 
nnintiT, was bom in Ram^lapli Htreet, 
I'imlico, on 20 March 1800, Tlis fath-r, 
who hwld an appoiofmiMit in tlie iKiuiirtkold 
of George III. took the boy to Windsor, 
where bo roraainod till the kind's ilcath. He 
showed an vsrty Coslc for muaicatid becaiQ«> 
a ehoriat^r at St. Georfft^'s Chapol, btit aban- 
dtmed music for paintiii|jr, and in \>*'/l ]m- 
ausf> a Mudetit at th<- Koynl Arailemy. He 
exhibited a purtrait-Rroiip in 1823, and 

fainvid th« firiil prix>' for pointing' in IStJo. 
n that ynar he «^xhihit(>a at cho Suflolk 
Street Gallery ' lUbeU shooting a rrinom-r,' 
the fiwt of tiioao pictures of nchoolhoy life 
by which he won nia repuutiou. In 1820 
he exhibited 'The Ounpowder I'lot' at thp 
Roval Academj^t ood in IS^) ' 'niePriaouer' 
and ' A Fora^n^ I'artv aroused ' at th(> 
Briti»h Iii!(lilulion. TfiuM were followed 
by nuui-nmii uthtir pictures of sclioot and 
villafp? life at both jalleries. In 1840 Web- 
ster was tflcClnd an associatn of tlw Itoyal 
Acadi^my, and in ld4ti an seadejninan. He 
intinned to be a frequent exhibitor till 



M 



Il?7(f,whni ho retired Aroni the academy. 
lie exhibited his own portrait in 1871^, and 
' ItvluaaiKl Grom School,' his lo^t piclurr, in 
!87S>. From -ISG.*. to It^.'ifS he r.-«i(iwl at 
The Mall, Kenfiliigton, but the la-M thirly 
VfOT" iif Iilit lifr wfn? spent, nt CrfiiibrooK, 
Kent, where he died on 3S Sepi. ISPti, 

In the limited rang« of subjects which he 
mad« hiii own, Webster is unrivalled. Two 
good specimens of his work, 'A Dainc's 
School ' and ' Thfl Truajjt ,' were pre&entwl to 
the Nttlrional (iaIK-ry in 1S17 m purt of th« 
Vernon coUeetion. The painter necj neat lied 
to Ihu nation tin? portrait of his father and 
mother, [)iunt4<d in lh>4 Itftipth year uf their 
marriage, whicli he had uxhihiter] at. th» 
Hoviil AiTniomy in 1844. Six pictures hv 
him, incltidinir 'Tlie Villaffe Choir* and 
'Sickness anil TU-alth,' are in the Sbeep- 
ahaaks collection at lh« South Kt-nsinpton 
Miisetim. Three more in the same mu»iruia 
formed iiurt of ihi* Jom-it Iwquesl. ' Tke 
Sniile,'"The I''rown,' • ITie Hoy with Many 
Friends." are amonfj the numerous pictiirt'j* 
which am wvll known byengmvinpa. W«b- 
st(?r eo«tribul«J elchinK'^ "f i^imilar Hiibjecls 
by his own bund lo tbu following volninea 
iMUttd bv tho KicliiiiK Olnh : ' Tlie Deserted 
Milage,' I&4] : 'Soups of Shakoftpcare,* 
184.'! ; and ' Ktch'd ThoHRhls,' IS44. 

(."ijiiiiJbya Hi«t. of Rgyul Acaiisiny. ii. 177; 
CniaUvguw of the Nnlioual Gallery and of th« 
l'i>-turrH in thu Snat)] Konsini;Uin Mosauni ; 
Times, 21 S«p(. 18SS; Men of ihr Time, ISSl.j 

CD. 

WEBSTER, WILLIAM (16A0-ir68), 
divitif, liiirn ill Ttnu in Siitlblk in Dvci*inbur 
IfJfiO. was tlm soil of Kicbard A\ ebster (r/. 
17221, by hi8wifeJ»oe,dniighl«r of Anthony 
Sparrow [(|, v.], hidiop of Norwich. His 
father wan n nnnjuring clergyman, who after- 
wards stibroittiil and bocamo vicur <if Pos- 
linpfonl in SulTolk. Webster was educatisl 
at Becelw, and was ndmitted to rionville 
and Caius College, Cambridge, on 2 Mar«-h 
1707-8. Ho pradnatM B.A. in 1711-12, 
M.A. iu 171'J, iind D.U. in VA-2. He waa 
ordaini-4l di-ai-on on 24 June 17m n* cimite 
of Uepden in Sufiblk, ami jiriwr on '2n I-Vh. 
171''>-1<! as curnty of St, Dmi-Slau-in-thp- 
Weat, London, In 172.3 be edited ' Tim Life 
of Genieral Monk' (London, Sro), frotn thn 
monuicriptofThomas Skinner ( I tyfl?-I(I79) 
[o. v.], contributing u pnifiMK' in vindication 
of Monck's cliaracter. A »»cond edition ap- 
pL'Jirud ill 17l*4. In 1730hptnuiBlated "The 
Ivl'w Testament, with Critical Itemarkit* 
(London, 2 vole. -1 to), from the French of 
Richard Simon. lA'aving St, IXlllKtan's in 
1731, he was appointed in August ITHiJ to 
the curacy of at. Cbment. iioetcheap, and 



^ebster 



t>8 



Wecfcherlin 



lit Fi'lininnr 17IU-3 wu pravuited to tlu> 
n>clury of Ih-pd<4i. On |lJ IW. 173:?, and«r 
tlin pwudoovn of ' Riclurd HnoVer nf tlu^ 
Innu Tmiplr.' li« b»fi«n m i^it b p^Hoilic&l 
tihtitlril 'The W^kly MisrellAnr.' Not 
lu>in|{ very ftiiC4n>vful, it w\* dit&mUaard on 
tI7 Juni^ I74L Fntm the numb^rof rvJigimt* 
waftTt it cnntainml it becune lm<m-n u 'Old 
MuttiT I|ftitkcr'» Journal.' U i* cfaivflv 
tii«mi>fBt)lif for ibe aliacka tasile in its 
rolumiw on Willinm Wurburtoo'x • I>iriin> 
l.'VAli'Htof MoMifi.* Wf1k<t^r«cnniribiilinn4 
lit lliAConlroTpr»Tirer« rejxihiished probably 
in \73Ht, under the title nf 'Rentkrk* on 
Ibc IMrrne Le^timi' (l^ndon. tfro). They 
KsmtM) biut a place in the ' Duncmd,' 1V«m.', 
in 1712, tn»>rLing u pUMgi- (lik. ii. I. 2■^^) 
in wliir:li Wrlmter wa« couplml with (Ji-org« 
W'liiU-fioM, who hiul aUo eriticisM] Wap- 
Irurlon (I*"Pf-, If'nrkjt, nl. IClwin an<l Court- < 
hope. \v. 17, Atl, ix. iWj. MD. 

In 17'10, froni mntcrinU fumi>^lie(l bj a 
m«rehant in tlie Irndrt, Webster mibli^ti'Hl a 
|»mnhl«t OQ the woollen maniuactonr, en- 
titled 'Tlie Oonteqiienc^ of Trade to the 
We«Uh nnd Stn-Htfth of any Nation, lly a 
Praper of London' <Iy>iidon.8voX It had 
a lancf saloj and 'wlicn the dvnuid begun to 
iubBLdo hf iH-tinM a rvfutalion of bia own 
nrffiimr-ntfl, under the t'lthj 'Th« Draper's 
ilf])lT' (Lond'jn, 17'11, Hvo\ wLioh went 
ttiroujih Bi'venil i^iiilinns. ' 

In Julv 1740 lit! veaa instituted to tlie j 
viojtrair^w of Wnri' iiml Thundridge in llert- 
fonlihiri?, wliirh he n^inined till hie death, rw- 
niKnini; ''i» rectory iind iiirncy. In l«t*r life 
he fill into groat |iov.>rty, and aflt^T vainly 
politioniiis; tlw' srolibinhops and hisbops f-ir 
charity, he opened lii» woc:* t.n the public in 
'A plain Nurrutive of FaeiS'ir ilie.A.nthor's 
can" fnirly n.t\d ciindidlj- atalod" (I^nilon, 
\7'A. Bro). He died unmnrried ut Ware on 
4 Dec. 1768. Climlopher Smnrt [q. v.] *d- 
dr««ed to him hU seventh (ide.eompUiuetit- 
inn him on his 'CKWiinlicftl Ktatny on .\ngiT 
and Forpi von !>-*«' (lyondon, 1750, ISmoy 

Webster W41-1 a voluminous writer. AmoiiR 
hi* worksnotalnMidymonlionpil are: I. 'Tim 
Ctorgy'it UiKht of Maintenance vindirated 
from Scripture and Rewon,' I.on<3nn, 1726, 
Svo: 2nd edit. 1727. -^ 'TIio iMtnesm of 
the Wilni*B« of th« Iteaiirrection of Christ 
en.n»ider('d,' I.{)ndoti. 1731, 8to. 3. 'Tlu- 
f.'rodiliilitr of tho Bwturreiclion of Olirist,' 
IfiiiHloti. I7^,^v(t. -I. ' A Complete Tliatory 
•>t Arianii-iu trum 30« to IBflfl. To wlich i» 
ud'h-il tbe lliitiiry of .Sodmanisni,tmnfilated 
from the Kr»*ivr)iof tlieleamed Fathum Maim- 
Umra ntiil I.ainr,' I,oridon, 173'1, 2 vols. 4to, 
'''. ' Truetji, ronduitintf of Sermons, Discourses, 
«iidlMtrr»,'LoMdcni, 1745, 6ro. G.'AVin- 



dteationofhif .Maj^ty'sTilUtntfav (,'roi 
London, I74r,#To. 7. ' ATreatiwon Pli 
and Pre fern ent^,* Ijondon, 1757, ffro. 

[Nichols '■ Anccdotea of Bowjn. 1782. pp. 93, 
&39-43 : Vena's Bioi^. HtvU of GoarilW and 
dinaColl. !»;. i. IS7. £18; George lU, bio 
Coart ami F*milj. 1821. t. 99; Cluuerbadk'* 
Hi.«ory orit«.rlft)pd«tiit», iir. 280. 308: Dmwf* 
SatTolk Cvlltet»Ds in Bite. Mtu. Add. M& 
lin«6. pp.2«a.7X.] B. ]. c. 

WBOKHBRLIN, GEI iRti KUDOLPH 
(15N-I653), under-«eer<>t«rT of Mjite in 
KwRUnd. waa bom at Stuttgiirt on 1-j Sept. 
l.V*-l. He rtndied jurisprudenc* at the uni- 
versity of Tiibingt-u. wIktd he madn manv 
diglingitished ac^uatntancfv, as alt««te<l t^ 
i the iiucriptioos m bU alhon, lately tixlsnt 
hut now foal. He appear* to hare* entered 
th« di|)lomstic flunicu shortlT afLer leavinit 
the unirerMt^, and to hsre discbatved nu* 
merons mUsions to Oemuuij' and France. 
He also, at aurae date betweeo 1607 and 
li^l4, spent thr«« consecutive years in Kng« 
hind, which he probably viHiled in the train 
of the Wiirtcmberg ombasKdor, Von Ho- 
wincktunsea. In 1614 he waa Kg:ain at 
WiirtemboiKi where he became pri«-«te secre- 
tary to the uulw, and continued ther^ until 
Mine period betwt^n 11120 and llt-?4. This 
residuucv at home, however, was inlcrrnpted 
by a visit to Kiiglaad in lUUi, when, oo 
13 Sept., be married Elizaheih, daughter of 
Francis Uawortb of Dover. Atter April 
I6S4 his eorre»pondrncw, preserved tn tho 
slate pa]K>r oHire, »>bowit htm to be discbarg- 
iiip llm duty of an nnder-<«cretary of etote, 
and to have been rej^uUrly emploj-ed until 
Ht41 indptf^inK. deciphenntr,iLQairansiatic 
ofErial ronwiiondenee. fte Bccomj*tii 
Charles I in liit) expedition against the :^t 
but continually complains of thu unre 
nerativxne't of hio uo«t, and upon the br 
ing out of the civil war he look part " 
the j»arliaun'nl. In February liU4 ho 
made * secretary for f'in.-ifpi tongues * to i 
joint committee of the two kin^oma, w 
anniuuiaUnUn-or^SA/. ]3«. t4itf.,equiv«I« 
to nearly 1.000/. at lli« present day. Tl 
|M«tinn V held until V.i SlarcU 1049. wbefl 
Upon ihernnMiMitionof the council of iilall 
he was displfti^ed by Milton, Ko ment, 
19 mndcof liim in the resolution of the con 
cil Bppoiutint; Milton, and the caiigo of i 
removal or reni)(nal ion wnii probably Bl* 
hcnltli, u^ liifi death wnsn»poniHl in firr- 
maiiy, and hi» couMtrvman Mylius fluutlT 
nfttrwurds found liim iniffe-rini; from gooi- 
On 11 -March 1(1.52 he WBS.nolwitlistandinf. 
appointed, at a salary of 201)/. a year, assis- 
tant to .Milton, u-ho was fast losing his aiglil. 
He wa5 succeeded by Thurlo« on 1 Dee. of 



^Veddell 



129 



I'cddell 



the anme vrar, »iid died on 13 Fi-b, 1C63. \ 
By Ilia wile, who died butween 1641 nnO 
UU7, W liitd two chihWn — ICiKlnltili, tiorn 
in 1617, who nbtainod an t«tat>' in Kent 
Slid di^ in 1667; and Ettuibpth, bom in 
ItilR. who iaftiTi«d William Trumbull of 
Esftthuniutead, and b»c&me th« inotbvr of 
Sir William TrtmibuU [q. v.], the friend of 
Pope. 

Weckh^rlin was & Toluminoua writer in 
Tem^and ruudvTvd conaidurnblHi eerricu to tlio 
literature nf lii^ fattiitrlanit by wntribittiiiff 
10 introduce the sonnet, the seatinc, and 
otlMT uxutic (<jTini. Ht) attmited Wis n-na* 
lilily bv writing with wiual faciliiy in CJer- 
nan, FVencb, and EuRlish. His principal 
Kngtish pocnnftr«ihr*Trinni]ihdlSl]OW!»i**t 
forui lately at Stutgart,' lOlC; nnrla 'ra)ie- 

fyrickfeloLord Hbt, \ istDUiit of HoiicnsUT,' 
B19, one copy of which, recorded to lia\« 
b^enftold at un aucliun in lH4o,iA ai preAetil 
niiiu>in^. A lar^ proporti')n uf his vlt- 
OHi-ular |)Ofan, clu*ifly piibliub'-d iti IWI 
and 104)*, aro imitated from the Frenrh or 
tint Kn^ltih nf Hinniud Itaniel, Sir Hunry 
Wotton,and otlur writers pe-rAnnaily knnwn 
to him in Kn^'Und.ornre translated i'roin I lit! 
I'Mlmg. A cflnaidcrsblu number, liowtvtT, 
of hie lyrics and epifframs art; original, and 
on tht Strt-ngth of^liiese ht is pronounced 
by bis German ediloraud hioimiphir, l-lwibfr, 
the moat import»nt national pH»t of his 
peiiod prior to OpitK. Tho same authority 
QOiutder* that h>> would have gninod a yul 
U^ier reputation but for hiJt beAi^tlinf; in- 
cometoese — 'huwrutu too muuhnitagvntle- 
man and too little aaa Hcliolar.' Ama ituhllc 
serraat be scums to have b<>en edirient, 
though lit' did not •••cap*" chnrf^es of ' ma- 
licious biu-hiLroiisnew).' Hi« noeras have 
been piiblisIifM] in two volumes Dv Hermann 
Fifclwr, SlMttcftrt, 1801-5. Ilifl portrait, 
painted when hv was fif^y by Mytutu, wai! 
engraved by Faithomo after hw death. 

l^Kermaon Fiwhfr, in liia edilioa of Week- 
horlin and in tho Allg*in*in« DouUche Itio- 
arapbin, *ol. uli. ; Byti'i Knglaad ns sesu by 
Foreigui'm pp. ^Kxir-^xxiii ; MaMon'sLifoof 
MilUin, vol. IX. Iilc. i. rhap. ii. lik. ii.<<tiap. riii. ; 
Calmdara of State Fap«n frum 1620; Cons. 
Nachriclitra von dem Irftlwn un>) d«» Srhrlflcu 
R. 'Wodberlin'i, 1603 ; Bohtn'i Ruglands Kin- 
floM auf Weckktrliu, 18&3.] R. Q. 

WEDDELL, JA.MtS! (1787-1634). 
navigator, Mn uf a working nphnlstprer. a 
native of LanjirliKliire, who had settled in 
London and there married, wa^ bom at 
OeU-nd ou 24 .^ug. 1787. The father was ul 
ihe time in had li^lth, and neems to have 
died shortly aftenvanl^, leaving the widow 
with two boy^ unprovided for. Thv elder 

TOL, LX, 



aon went to itea, eventually settled in thi< 
W«8L Iiidiue. made a Utile uoney there, and 
di<?d aljoul l^l^i. ,\t a very early ag>* tbe 
voun^^r son, Jameti, with no education 
beyond the Httte that hid mother had herself 
bet-n able to give him, waa bound to iho 
master of a constiniT vesse). apparently a 
Nowcoetlc colliLT. About ISOo uo shipped 
on board a uierchanniian trading to th« 
WeM Indiee, made sevt^ral voyagea,and about 
1608 was liandud over ro tho Il&inbow 
frigate, as a prisoner jruilty of insubordina- 
tion and mutiny: charged, in fact, with 
having knocked down hia captain. Wed- 
dell's later enndurt renders it very probable 
that the blow was i^vva undff extreme pri>- 
voratiou. His opportunities for educating, 
himself had, up to this time, beuu extreinelyl 
:imall : nueli an Ihoy were, he bad mada th6 ' 
mofi of ihttn ; be wo* fond uf reading ; and, 
on board the Kainbow,ao far ira proved him* 
KL'irib&t hu was ruie^l n i]iid.''hipman, then 
quite ax often a reapiuiMble peliy nfheer at a 
youn^Bli'r learniuf; hia proft^saion. Afl a 
inidi>iiiiMnnii Wtiddi'llhnd moreopporlunitim 
for reading ond study; he n^ndarpd hiniRelf 
a cjipuhle navigiilor, and in December 181U 
wn.* Appointed acting ma-iirr of tlw I-'irplly. 
Twelve mouths later he was moved to the 
Thalia.and on liiTTi-t urn loKnglandand being 
paid lift", he was onl'lUcl. l^li' promoted to 
be master of the II>>pi>. A few months lat«r 
he was moved to the Aron brig, with Com- 
mander (afterwards Adiuiral-of-t he-fleet Sir 
George Hose) Sartorios [q. v.], who, in 1838, 
wrote of him as 'oiii- of the moat efEcieiit 
and trustworthy officers I have met with in 
tho course of my pn)fi'ittional life. On taking 
command of tlit- J'ijrTU)^'iii's« liberating 
aquadron (lt^31), I immediately wrote to 
Wedthdl (o join mi', hut he unfortunately 
hui>t)ened to tn: out of England, and whi'n I 
received bis answer accepting with pleasure 
my proposal, I lia<i already given up the 
command.' The Avon was paid oil' i n .March 
1814, and ^Vt.ddl^l] was appointed to the 
Espoir tloop, from which he was promoted 
tij the (.'vdnus frigate and later on to thn 
I'actulus, from which be was Kupvraodcd 111 
Fttbruary ISIfi. 

'JTie reduction following the peace ren- 
dered it impowiblu for him to get further 
employment in the navy, and after three 
years on a scanty half-pay lie accepted the 
command of the Jane of hcith, a brig of 100 
tuna, bolongring to a .Mr. Strachau, intended 
for a sealing voyage in the southern seas, for 
which tho newly discovered South ShetUod 
lalnuds titmmed to ofier great factlltiea. Of 
this first voyage, made in the years 1610- 
1820-21, no record is extant. Thmigh 

K 



Weddell 



»sff 



Weddell 



W«ddftU thid no fnrioaa a aperi aneB u » ' 
•mUt, It Kppmn to Iut* bean MSciMlIf I 
MMOMMfai ta Mdhltt bin ta bnj m Amn m 
th» brif . uul Op W tntniaud wtth the entn- 

the cutler Ihiiiftiy of L aa » b » . at w tona. 
kUo Mt «BiW but iinlvca. With Ai^ two 
ohU Tww h . which auM bam th» I)»wa* 
o» 17 Stfl. Iffi!. WwliWll, is h» Hueh far 
fiir riiW, ^Baioed thtf FklUand t-H—f , 
0«p« Elan. «ad itt aiitM'mirtnnd, South 
SbKUnd*. SMlh GtMVk At Sonh Odk- 
wjr«, which h« bid J S»ow il in his tormtr ' 
voyag* : umI ftsjtaf tho Mi ofMo, godhed oo 
IP th^ aoQihwmrd u fcr w HCitnni 7'!° 13'. 
whu ti Hm RNbcbnl un ») K«h. ISKL Th« Kft 
WW jttiU 'wHifCtlvebiiroC tvU k*;* b«t 
tW wlad w» NtoWUf ftvdk ftoMWMlh, MBd 

lh« btaOMM «f ^ tMKHt lOWfiBli fclB B» 

taktad«mai«(««riclbrt«t«K«nw. Ofeamtwm,^ 
M*k th* ^1 ihM lh» nrinrr iMiBt of th* 
v»;rH* •■* *»•*«• •»• MWWBT, had u tn^ 
Borual WMtfte. WwUttUnMOMd M Bor- 
bvl U Jjjr 1^:H. ubI « tko Mnrwf 
jwr MhlUh^ 'A V«n«» III ■ m il tW 
Swiih Vulw Mrlwwd ta Gh« dwh laSS-M' 

•MMd vOitiM h« vhWd MBo * ObMnatiov 
M lh» »«^A«kilit? af M>K*Mf ihaSkMlk 
KK' ud • JU Jmsmwi oTtt SmomI T««a«* 
MtA>nM*l Vv tW Bmb^ to th* aia» mm.' 
TW w<.<rti i» lAMnttiHt oat wh ■• A* i^ > 
Mfd t<f o ^vT*«* *^ **"* ^*** ■■** *■!' "" 

MMt^hw oha M C^nv « iow m of tho 
awtth Hkithiii. w»w iwy of th»«M« 

rtrtT ="■ "* — -*---*^'*»^> ■ * 

it att thM* wHoaaA. Cl i^fta w ten tb* 

«d AH*Mi«* atamhr MiMil ihMl ho 

' w mn to tMa> intMlN im 

dof>MiiiiMiA» n»«d^ 

; Wl Mt Ww WWMML Ml W b 
tMnltoha** bMM i» vo(7«MdMwi<te«a»> 
Maww. tH dwJ. ■■■iwiii i, m SwMfc 

V »>Mm>w it ia «• ■aumiaK it tb» 
Kvx«. :Aw«teh O iiijl^ h i nfl i^wo<y;i«wat 
itwwatwl V -Mr>. ■«» JkttM IteMi^ wkwH- 
lha»«.Mta «Ww«vM*AM».rf*TW?&Mtl^ 
Wm IVMMwawiUto :^«Rk**SbtJuhK 

rvMiUuTiMK, M fMi i . it innl a y^ 



-WSDDELL. JOHN i l.'Wt-lt.l^), 
nprirti. hovn u 1<%*3. wu,io Ittt'.mavtt 
nataof tho Eact I&di* CompKnT's ship I>n- 
2MI; uulin Ekteenbet wmj pr<>motvd lucom- 
inaadthoLioB. InApril itl:!! b» suled ^m 
Eagland u optaia or th* Jonas, with threa 
otlMT (ihfBa ondt^r hi* orden. At tha Cape 
of Osod wpa ba was jcriaad Vr two otfcen. 
which ha aUo took umliT kU rDtnmand aod 
wi9t oa to SotBt. Thence he was aent bj 
tha cotDfOBv's Bg«nt to Oombrooo, wL«r« 
the riuk allad oa the EnirUah to aMitt him 
aipnifc th* Plirtugmae. The Enj^liih were, 
or Mtnidid ta M.aBwiUine'; but on tha 
Aak inartlnK. with a ifanMC that be woold 
tiaat thoK aa tajeiBwa and aack tbeJr &ct4>Ty, 
thagr jiaUad, aad the awtv readilv as tfaer 
*— ^— * that th* Wortagaasa aUiiM at Ormu'i 
w«n iaMadBd to act aniast tbe Enrlinh. 
Tfaoak^ andv Wodddl wwe airccnliDtrly 
ant ta eo-ofanie with the PentiAnii, And 
after takaf fomtmaa of lUe island of 
Ktahnt. a tte e h e J Okiaai, wh«t« thej buded 
on 9 Feb. ia±L Tha riiaiilii were n'umtrou 
hut twCcHOi, aad tha bntnt of tbe wor 
liU o« Ik Bi«iA. who blodadad tha ] 
br MO, aad •■ ihace actad aa ena' 
aiiillMjMifc Aftv hoUiaf ontliraTelT I 
tan wwmVi the Ptjctagoaaa aurmidonm ■ 
~ " * to tha nmnl 
toOoo. The town wu^ 
: of tha hoo^ Ml t^ chtj 
alU than of the- plunder j 
d tha Whale, which, withj 
o» «■• alt^rly Itwt on thii 
; aad thas, in direct gaia, 
mr mat the compan/s aa- 
tiht liehar fot the 

into whoa I 
a tcntli I 
w u a>.aahwd high adairfal. and on 
mStka gaoocaar naoetad lo the 
rriiln iVitti' '- • " 
(wd imMhImb* aa lo iha iaatt«r; that 
d^ hri hm oU^ad to «d the Peraiaas. 
tir iiIm oiai * Aa caBfaar's gooda aad 

ihaa thev had *aaUfe(d Manv liiramo* 
^A ■!■■■» tha IVniufrau, and 
•wa ihaaa lo earn ih^m to 
ad^^dtyhnL' Oto4DaB.lASd'Weddeil 




«o*ar 




NiaHiddliaex, 
exaiaiiMd 

ODBTt of id- 

aeeooBtof his 



WtvaenBuck- 

r be waa Dot e«B- 

mI «■ 9 llMch* IftM ha aailed fer 

•if tha Bonl Jaaea. Ilf 

aytHi cia^HHiv of the coapaoT's fleet 




Wcddel! 



U' 



Wcddell 



for thfl jeta, and on readiing SurM on 
18S«pt. and Icaniiu); lliat ihc rortUKUMo 
w.-iv prrjwrinii; ' grt^at firct*' »;iain*t the 
Knglish niid Datch in tho (iulf of I'trsia, be 
iVM sent at onc.B to Gntnbnxtn tn joia wilh 
the Dutch aquwlron Kf^'iiut the common 
enemy. When the Portuguese fleet came in 
flight the English nnd the l>nl«hcommaTidcTV 
OOD«tUl«d, w«nt out to meet it, and after a 
hard-fonght. nctioOf which htatod through 
ihiw <.inv», i>ut tlw PortugueM to fU;u:bt,»nd 
cbmAcd tiicin well on their way to Goa. The 
•ffiur 16 oariooe, for tha ' ooospimcy ' ur thu 
' iDBBsacn* ' of Ambojna fvve Towrrwik, 
Oarrici^ d. 10*i3] rauAt have hjeo bmh 
in the miud* ot both Weddwll aiitl hi* ullj ; 
nirtwith^trtTiding which, they seem to have 
acted together with perfect loyaltv and good 
faith. 

In 1626 \Veddell relumed to Eiigland, 
uiil, alteDding n court meetinff on IS Dec, 
was told that the company was goiog 'to 
comaiffxux a sail agaioat him ' for irreguhir 
or illegal private trading. Ha hoped that 
* qpon coiisidflration of hi« Mtnrii:«« they 
would tbinfahedeaenrBdlKtter.' <\ilerwarde, 
I6Feb. I6:f7,he 'submitted to theircen«ur«,' 
bat 'dnired tJiem to look at hin good 
aer^'icee.' It aceus probable that he con- 
ceived that bis victory ort-r the Portugnc*c 
gave hiui a riffht to break the very itrict 
rs^lationa which the company found ne- 
Moaarr, and thiit thi« diflercncc of opinion 
aUimately led to a bitti^r quamil. At the 
time it was quietly arr&ngMl, the more 
eaaily, iwrhapi*, lu Weddoll o[tVn.'d his eiT- 
vioas lf> Ihecrowu tocnmmAi)daNhipof war, 
■nd took with bim ' divers prime and able 
men.' During 1637 and IflS^ he commanded 
the king's ithip Rainlmw ; in Slav he was 
■eat with s imall mjiuidron to [lavn* for in- 
fbnaation ; al\«rwArd«, he wtcm^ to have 
btwn with Uuckiugh&m at i^l^. In Deoember 
he was at llymouth, in Catwater. whoiw 
tlio itainbow got uu i«ho», and Wi.-ddeU 
wa» higbty praised for hii diligence in pet- 
tiiur her afloat again (Qii. State I'upprf, Dom. 
ltt^-fi.pp.ni7,WI). (>n28.Ian.lfl2Sniick- 
ingham wrotfl to him, givinir bim leave to 
come to town. ' On bis arrival be ia to let 
tha duke- m'i' htm with chi' first, for ho longs 
to present him In his majesty.' There is no 
account of his being pniMnt«d ;but W^dcll, 
wilh a kaeo evo to busine»«, wrote on '2\ Feb. 
hoping that he mij^lit he paid for his late 
aerricHfl as a vice-admiral. 

By IJi^wmbnr 1628 be had n-tumed to ihi? 
sorvice of the rompanv, and on the 3rd was 
appointed to command the Charles, with the 
pay of Uit. 1>U. 4d, a month. It i« thnn not 
to bu wondered at that on his return in 



April lb31 he was again eenaured for hit 

Envate trading; and, ibougb he sabmitted-J 
imMlfto the court, 'hi- aUt;gT>d ht« good! 
iUirvice,and in particular that last year hehoal j 
snv"d thi>m at least 2,0(K)/. at Oombrooa I 
hy koHping a guard on shore to prerenc th« 
at«>aliagofgooids by theUoorsand Peruana* 
(fW. State Paper*. East Indies.^ April). 
.\ few days later bo reported that he had 
bronght home a leopard and a cage of birds, 
which bu di-sired b.uvctoprw«at totttokfalf 
and ijueen in bin own name. 'I'he eompaiiy 
ih'jugbt it mare St to prccont them oa mm 
ibr-mMlTes. In 1032 We<ldfn w>-nt out 
again in the Charles, which, by the ciilpabla 
csralessness of tbo moster of the i^wallow, 
woji bnmt at Kurat, aboiiT. 20 Jan. 1632-8 
yih. X Oct. 1633). The master of the .Swallow' 
was sent hum« in irons, and Wcddt-ll, in re- 
porling t\xit circumstance, bevg^idthat * haT> 
inft lost his whole estate by the firinjf of tha , 
Cbiarh'A, thi> court would nnaw hie comraia*^ 
Hii>n and giT« bim anoth*r ^ip' (tA. 1 1 SepC 
1633). The couTt refused to do tbta, and 
sent out ordvrs for him to rat urn in tltv 
Jonaa. 

The company's ag«nl« in India took a 
dillVrent Tiew of tbn mstter.and on 21 April 
10^1 the president and council of 8arat 
^n\t Woddrll a commission as admiral of 
the comjianv's fleet. This was before they 
liftd received the refusal of the court to give 
him another ship; and on 29 Dec. 1dS4, 
wheit the Jonas was oo llie point of sailiitg, 
they WTot«, regretting that the court hu 
nutgrantiid VVcddeLl's reauut. * Ue is^* they 
Kitid, ' a gi-ntieman of valour ami resolution, 
and submits tu uo man that theoompanyj 
evi^r einployiul in tbn cnnt of bts chaTS9|- 
e^eetally at aea : but bifi tractability «fl far 
exoeads that, of mnny nf thnun churlish com- 
manders who conceire tbt^mselvM only 
created for the sole good of the fleete they 
command, that they aii8irpnobett«r or other 
man to eon the fleet.' Of WwddellV appwip* ' 
ante before the court we hnve no account, 
but it is evident thai ho went homo fooUng 
that hn was aggrieved by tbo Gnm])anT. It ia 
pnasiblu also that the company were diapond 
to blame himfurthelosnof tbuCbnrles, eves 
though ho was not on board ar the time. 
And ju&t at the time of his arrival -Sir 
William Courtt^n [n. v.] was pusbinp his en- 
deavour to e-Rtablisn. a serrate trade to the 
1-^t Indi^, and Obnrles I, alwuvs in wanii 
of money, had no acruple about, giving him a 
licttnsn to do this. For a tuaiiintbepoaitiua 
of Courten, Weddell and hL^ grierancea were 
valuable aids and he luul no difticulty in 
persnading Weddetl to throw over thp com- 
pany and to take service with him. The 

k2 



WH ikuO 1:* Dee. lOSfi, 

: ft lew monllu WeJdell w^nt out 
iiiiKnd <if ft fU'ot of «LX bliipf. Hu sr- 
riml ftt JoIladiu in AugiuU. 1638; vent 
frvH llwn to (la>, uid thenee to Bfttlooolo, 
Aall— Hi MacAO, and Cknton. At CanUio 
fowlns to I'ortogueK iDlrigut!*) he had ft 
ilUIUmltjr wilhtbQChiiMBe,KDd,aft«rbavin)t 
■t«rBwd otM of th«ir fort*, was ronjx'lKwl to 
Mtim to Macao, (.•oinfc biclt to India, he 
NMMdvd ia MUbluhii^ a triid« at R^apur, 
lN»pll«ortlMntnooftnuM!woftbecoinpwij''t 
Hffvnl*. Un KtumMl to Enft^atMl apparcntlr 
in 1(140, and in 164:}. Htill u an iiit'-rlLiiitir, 
WU back in Indin, vrlierft )i« dUnl. OnU M«_v 
164S Iflltari nf adminUtraiion — in wblcit b^ 
WU luunod a* dead ' in partibu* tnn»nM- 
rinia' — wenprett to hia rrpditor, William 
Oouftfin[aeeaMerCoi-itrii.x,:jiit WtLLUMJ, 
utd OB Cbiirt«n'B death, to Jt-nmv \V«dd«ll, 
oftW '*o'i of ll>^ l*t® Joliii Woddell, 2^ Auff. 
ItlWl. \Vi-<idi'ir»wtllliAsnot bi-cn iirt_-*ervrtl ; 
bul ibu will ofbiK widow. KraiiMS WcddfU, 
tnurpd 2 Oct. ItJT/J [Somerset Uoui^ : 
nnwycr. l&iV], mt^'ntiDos two tH>ni>, John and 
JervTOVi'thu rinuTl>B!ni[dt-«d),iiinl» daiijih- 
l«l. Kliubeth, wif..' of Kdwanl Wye. >Vwi- 
drll's |impt<rtr, Kiicli of it m wa* imi to«t 
In the CoarW, would atvta to have bet^n 
flWftlli>w«d up in CMiiten's iawdTeocy. A 

Ertraii of W«ldi>ll (now loat) wsa l«ft b^ 
I widow to their dangblar, BixabeCb Wyv. 

lCaL9utv Piii<M«,fiwtItidJMa»dPoaM«t>e; 
Rntet'a AaaaUoitbe But India Coatpaoj-, toL. 
L ; LuwB lluC of tb« litdiait Narv ^ DotM kindly 
NTPUmI t>jr Mr. W.lli>n Ko«t«r.l J. K. L. 

"WIDDKRBURN. Si« ALEXANDER 
(1<U0- 1 l>7tl l.ol BlaekiK«», KorTanliirv.etdiMl 
•on of JaiiMM Weddvrbum, town ol«rk of 
Uundev. br Mainiet, dftV^hter of James 
Goldman, alw s 1>«mIm merwftat, was bora 
tn ItllO. Sir IVIat Wt-ddCTliwro ;t|. t.] was 
his youn^F biv>Ui«r. AbuBdw wm (>dtt- 
c«t«d foe Uw b« and iiMsed adromiv ; but 
upon the dMth of hia vneW Alrxftitdet of 
Knuvnnir, whuev m>u wa» tbvn a minor, h« 
WM i& 1<E13 aM^iutml lovru clerk of DuDoee, 
ud bald tha OOk* till ltf7& For his ste«i- 
fcat lovahv b* ohttuowd from ('barlw 1 in 
Ui») a lACk of lb» ovstoma of I>uadw» and 
in tUlO a ixwaw* «f low. per nnnnm out of 
tboi>ti«Uiui». InS^tomberoftbemmnjew 

JkUMtokUtu* V>< arauice tW tT<Mly of Kifoib 
» itotobor (i>lk>wuiv he bnd an e.\oBtc«tfoa 
Md teUHoaliun (lOtt the kitt({. and in ttME9 

k iiMj[htbi>i>d wan cunlhnvd on hia. Uu 
l0ft(iHrut>i i-^l iKuitUv iu tliw ^Vvttl«h partiA* 

■«ev<rd vn •omv 





rotu eomnittmi of (be ertntes. At tfca 
KMtomtiaa in 1661 he wan appotnlod oaft 
of tin ooomiaaioDers for renilatine wif>glit4 
and mcaiMires: and on 10 Feb. ItiW be m- 
eetred from Cbariea II a prason of 100/. 
vtrrlinir. \U died on 18 Nov. ItTtl. J)y 
Malildii, daiiebier of Sir Andrew Flftcher 
of IiinerpvffWr, he had fir? eons and nx 
daiiKbti-ra. Hi« twcond »d, Jainos 1161ft- 
itJM}), was grandfather of !!9tr John Woddo^ 
bum (KOi-ir-W} [<!• r.] 

[Uordifvn's Sm(s At&ira awl Speldinfia He- 
morUlln of ihpTrnublM (.Spnlding C5ub>; Sir 
Jatni-s HalfoiirV Annals; lUcunu of Henberw 
of l'ftrliAtn«nt ; I>oagla*'» Baronage of ScotUndt 

E179. HO -. WeddM^nm's OoiDpt Bulk. ed. XU- 
,1898-1 T. F. H. 

WEDDERBimN, ALEXANDER, fort 
Basok L>'L-tii(K0H0COH and fir«t Kakl or 
ROHLTV ()'3S-18(>5), lord chancellor. tM>m 
«tl?dtnbiu)(honl;iFcb. 173:t,wastbe«ldeBk 
fcin of Pecer Wedd«rt)am nf Che-<tcr Hall, 
advocate ^after waid n a mcflior of iheCoU 
of Juttice). by his wife Janet Ogiltry. 
Pel ST WedderbuTD [i{. v.] wa« his gTuai^^nd^^ 
father. Ilia education woa begiiit m the 
wbool of Ualkuilh ondcr Jiuuua BarcUj, a 
famoiu pedaf[o(;ue of the tinif, and 1t>^*liad^l 
Hraiy Duodae (aficrwarda %'i»ouTit M'd-^l 
villf)ubid«<-biX)lfKl1'>w. Onl^Uarcb ITit 
he matricuUted at Edinbnrph rnir<!<r»itr. 
Wliilt! a student he was on familiar lemu 
with many of tbe loading literaiT men of 
thu time.'auoaK them Dr. KoboTt«on, tbe 
historian; David Ilnme. the librarian loihe 
faculty nfadrocat^: and Adam8mith.whOM 
friendship was lifelong. At WedderbwB 
wa« tnt«ndod for the legaljprofeMion , bo benn 
his ipwial Mudiee in IToO with a viewtu 
practising in tbe court of mauoo. From ui 
early period, however, be felt that tike Fdi- 
lisb bar offered him larger opportunities, ami 
on 8 May IT-VJ he vtd adnuttM a member 
of tbelniurrTrmpU! wbileon aviatl to Lob* 
dflo. Betuminr to Edinburgh, be pursued 
his ftudies, and was enrolled as advocate en 
SO Jane 17M. He Sir won distinction u 
a debater in tbe genaml assembly of tlie kirk 
of Scotland^ taking; his poeitioa them as an 
elder wbm only twaaty-oae nan old. and 
it was his task to deftnd David Home fmni 
church c«B«ir* and Jobo Home, the author 
of ' Ilimabi.' boot depodtioa froB his mia>- 
Btwrial aoet. At this time he wia aaaociufd 
with n nnaber of thn Edinborgfa Uteiati in 
* " tbe Select Snci^ty. in which \\>d- 
tloafh yovageet member, had • 
,IM*. He abo projected and 
idi tet B«a vodben of a atmi-annoal pabti- 
rminn rarifcil 1h« "IMJ^iii ati V i i n i .' n hirTi 
wanMHOdiadHidiiia I'M. The dfalh 



Weddcrburn 



ijj 



Wedderburn 



of his father on 11 An?. ITBUalCered Wed- 

durbunt'e proeui-ct*, and iotviiitilioJ liis denini 
hi aUmdoii I'jdinburtfli. liiit exit wili ilm- 
malic. la Au&iist l^fiT bf! whs opjKisnd to 
AluxftmWr Ixiclihiirt (»ft*rwun)«i Ixinl Oov- 
in^<tn of Sewuna) in a cAKft which lie von 
S^ainfft hia retersn K'herBiiry. Hlunjf by n 
deprMifttorj- rcmtrk nindi> b; LockliArt, tho 
ToungadTocnterepliwlsoinleiiipeniieK' thai 
Ke woA rcbukvd by tho pntt>idin);judgt^, I_.ord- 
pmideut Craixie> Tliuoitierjuiigfs wuiv of 
opini4»i that Wedderburn sbouUl retract diwl 
apulo^Lsc: but instvnd i>f doing eo, hit touk 
on hia JuiviHrntc'it jKuvtii, in'ul it on tlw tjnr, 
juid.clpclarin^tbnttii'wniildwparit no more, 
bf k'ft tbv rourt, nvviT itsiiin to i^nt^-r it, 
Thatni|^htbe>t*^t out f»r L^iiilon.dct^rtninprl 
to make bis way at ibt:' Knc^lUU bar. He 
rvDted cbarahcrsin t)iv Tcinpir;. and, u bis 
first step towards sucoetis.be took li>BSons in 
olociition from the eld^r Sheridan &nd bflcr- 
ward]) from ihsMlor Qutn.w)tliat be mitfht 
overcome bis ]>roviiicial accntit, On W Nov. 
1737 bu waa called to tho bnr. His practicu 
for iw>-ral yvnn wait not ffrt-at. but hit Ud- 
e&me AO intimate friend of the ^»rl of Bute, 
aod n-biin tlint noblimian cam? into power 
nftor th.^ dfjith nf OMrjre II in ]7(iO, Wed- 
derburn came into ootice. (>a :f8 Dec. 1701 
ho was returned topnrtiAmcnt ns mDmbc-r fnr 
the Ayr burgbs, and rvtainod Ibifl ttuat tiU 
1768, He 'took tiilk' and wa* I'hostjii a 
betiebcrof Lincoln's Inn in Fi-bruary ITft't, 
«nd joined the nortbi-'ru circitii. llere be 
waa not so sac<wsflfiil ea he had anticipated, 
and Hbonly aftvrwurda bi- lui>k up liis resi- 
dence pcroiiuieHtly in London, prartUinji; 
chiefly in tbp court of chancury. Ua booh 
made a nnnii' for liiiti>>>'1f il'4 Kti i^quitv hiwyer. 
Important c'ae«6 from ^^cnilandTTf! re All l.nititpd 
to him,nndli4* wsjicoiinwl for tht< respondent 
in the fam.-)ii.i Ttoiiplns cnii^.^, in wnicfa Iip 
icmntl^ diHlinguiihed hintself, though tbe 
iinal judgin«-nt was a^innt his clifut f^ee 
Itatim_ti«, ABCIIIHAI.D Jahbh Epwarp. fir«t 
Barob Doi'GLkd oy IJot'r>tJt» . 

On 21 March 17C8 Wedd-'rburii was re- 
turned 113 member nf |Hirliuni<-iil fur Kich- 
ioond, Yorkshirt;. Hi? enUrpd ibt? hoiiae as 
• tory ; bill in tUv folJowinu yi'gr lie warmly 
espoused the raiiAi:' of Wilk>-», nnd didiv<>:rctl 
BO violent n speech affuinAt the government 
tbflf bo felf. bound in honour to accept the 
Cfailteni Hundreds and rvslint bis seat. 
Within a few dnya I,,ord Clivti oflered him 
the biirgh of IVijibop's Cai>tU'. .^hrtip:<liiru, n 
vacancy having baen create! by th" r>-tir(f- 
meui of William Clire, and W<>d<lt'rbiirn 
look bin M^t iiH nn ardent itiipporter dT llie 
popular parlv. He Kpre^iited llii<< con- 
<titue»cr tilf 1774. 



AVedderbum bf^fan the seeaion of 1770 ui 
rioluHt opposttiuD to Lord North's admioj* 
slralioii, and lost nooiiporlunily of attack- 
iiig the ^vemmeni slikii on home and colo- 
nial [xihcy. He hits hpitn nrciiitr'd, not wilb> 
out raa«on, of having adopted this attitude 
for the purpose of compelling l^oM North to 
purcbAHi^h!«8up(iort. Hixanibitiori was un- 
bounded, and it i* probable that he coveted 
the offico of lord chuncellor from thi' b&- 
ginoiug of bis parliamentary career. Out 
Wedderburn did not at first listen to the 
cautioufi overturos made by I>or1 North. 
Wbi-n, however, l^ird (Tbiithiini, towards the 
eloBo of 1770, sought to attach him to the 
whig party by pvrnonal attenlionx, Lo justi- 
fie<l the epithet nf ' tho wary Weaderoorn," 
applied to Uim by Junius. It was evident 
thnc his nrdoiir tor the popular cause was 
cooling, and at length Lord North waa able 
to hid for his support. On 25 .Ian. 1771 
Thurlow was gaxettiid as nitoruey-geneml, 
and Wedderburn succt«ded his great rival a* 
aolicnlor-genvTal. Tbi)( conversion han buiin 
justly dt^ncriljed si« 'oiw-of the moul fJngrant 
cases nf ratting recorded in our party annals.' 
There was nocbangeof policy on ibn part of 
the government to excnsie so virulent an 
opponent becomins' a devoted partisan of 
Lord North. Wedcferbumwasalsosppointed 
at iht^sonie limi^clinnceMor to the queen and 
a privy councillor l^ffj*/. M-SS. (.'omm. lOtb 
Itep. App.Ti. 3). llchadtborouptily broken 
his connection with the whig party. Tbgugh 
Lord Clive was indigtianC at Wedderfoum's 
conviTsiuu, the new solicit or- general had no 
difficulty in securing bis re-election for 
Bishop'p Caelte. 

Tlie reputntion which Wedderburn bad 
^ned as a parlUitDeTiiarydebater was greatly 
mcreiLSed after he took oflice. At the elec- 
tion in 1774 he was c1io.tcn for two plooes 
— Casile Uisiitg, Norfolk, and Okebamptoo, 
Devonshire ■. and> setocting tlic bitter, be sat 
BS its nii-uiber till 17'^. Jn June of that 
year, when Thurlow received the gri>at scol^ 
WLdderbura was promoted to llio ullorney- 
pi-ncralshiii, unci hrcunin ohcp more member 
fur lti»<hops {'ustle. During his tenure of 
office he had manydillicull CB"!e" to conduct, 
while thf defeno.> of the govrmment through 
all the blundering of the American war was 
no light t«j*k. It was, bixides, pUirdv wen 
by Wedderburn that the mini»iry could not 
retain its hold upon office much longer, and 
he wun the man< eagi^r to oblaiu a secure 
plare on I he bench whil« opportunity re- 
mained. At length, on H .nine 1780, be 
WOK npp'iinled chief justice nf tint court of 
comnifin pb>«s, and raisM to the peerage vith 
the title of Baron Lougliborougn of Lough- 




'baroii^, Leicestersliire. H« remained chief 
jUKtice for twelve years, and pwMrved the 
digntly of tho tifTicv. altbuuKb 'hf had not 
imiclicreditaBacoinmauliivfyftr.' Dnr^April | 
\7S3 North und Fax fometl a coalilitiu 
ministrv iimlir ilw im-itii<T8lii|i of llie Ihtke j 
of Portland; i lie great seul was piil intocom- ' 
minion, nnd Ty'm^Ii bo rough was oppointxd < 
flrrt commiMionpr. Tlip coolilinn KOvm- 
meiit, it WS3 evident, could not lon^ hold 
topcrher. Loiiglibomuj^h wcmecl to favour 
the party of Fox mth>>r tlinn tL»t of llieir 
ojipoMODta. It K poMilit^ tlmt the friMid- 
ftfiip of tilt; prince rt-gt-nt for Fox liad suf- 
(Ii-nlt^d to Lou^hbomuffh that in event of llin 
death of Gforpu III tfii?i eovetod lord ^-han- 
OaUorshlp might be nt Fox's diKpu^al. Rut 
Pitt cama info a^re at tie end of 178.% 
and IxTrd Tliurlow was mndo chancellor. 
Thurlow retired in .Tunc l7H2,«nd the great 
■eal was for wven monlhs in commiuion. 

At length Pitt (f'^ktitii'd Louffhboroiiffh'i 
ambition. On -'S Jan, 1793 lie LUJtained the 
great seal, and took hia ifat ai lord ehnn- 
enllor. Having n-iii-hi-d thi;(foalof1ii8Ainbi> 
tion, li« (itjaudittinl lh« imrly of the' Prince of 
Walea, and dclinii'dy loinud himiwlf lo thi! 
adbarvnlt of llfOT^^T III, who wt>rr Icnmvn 
as ' the \ang'a frit-nd^.' Tn 17it5 ho nbtaineil 
u rc-^rrant uf his litle, and, as Iil* hud no 
chihln^n, it n'A5 givi^n in rcmnindcr to his 
nephnw, Sir Jdineji St- Clnir Kr.ikinfl. The 
desiRniit ion wnscbsnuwd from I^jughbomupli, 
TifiicmM^TRhirp. to fionphboroiigh, Surn>y. 
The chancclior waa not fnted to find the 
voolsork an fa*y neat. Thp iravc of in- 
■ar^ncy which hnd b*-gun in France flitn-ed 
rapidly to this connlry, and the amtition 
Cnals were iiii'rci1«*ly p^>8(ICllU'd undi?r thv 
n«wfhaneellor. Thfrf can bi- lit tin doubt that 
the iirm atlicude nf I^ughlwrough hulpt-d 
to atom tho *vrclliiig tiili- rif nirnlitt ion, 
ChouBh it served to tnuk^ him very iin- 
poptlsr. 'DiHrp werw coniitant cabals amoOR 
oontfndini;; .'itati'Anion, and hf. hncw that hi8 
place. 90 patiently waited for, was for from 
■ecure. After the Itinp had a return nf 
meutal nialaily, I^uffbborotr^'h wns a<.'i'U(u-d 
ofproeurin^tholcinft'a signature to importnni 
document.^ when he wns not in a lit alatti to 
undoratand them. In March I8()l Pilt'n 
ministry was dismitfed, Mr. Addinpton 
(Lurd Sidmijiilli) wns colli-d upon to form a 
nrw cabinet, and Lnughhorongh was otiared 
from hiE nthcc to makti way for John Scotf , 
lord Klilon. On 14 April I ,oii;(hboroupii 
resided the great seal, but »o lenaciou»Iy 
did tiv cling to offioo that he continued to 
attend thu m'.-otingis of tko cubinul, whi;n hv 
had no longer any right to Jo so, unld he 
wa« potiluly dtimissed byAddington. On 





31 April 1801 be wa« anted Bari 
KoMlyn, with rruainder to his nephfrw, a* 
in the paiunt uf the hnrany of LmighborDugh. 
As an ■.■<|iit(y judgr? i»ugIi)>on)Ugh attaioed 
a very aioder^t renutalioD. But hia diKtMS 
wen« well considered, and wrn" couched in 
clrar and forcible language. He abowrd 
Rood tensv and jiooil nature in the distri 
tion of fcrWiflstical patronage. 

After hi« rvtirvnieni from th« wool 
Lotigh borough's mental powers dceli 
ilv took little part in parliamrniorv aflai 
and fipMit most of bis time lu a villa whl 
h» purchased near AVindsur. It ie raid 
be "flen contrivi?il to force biinitelf into the 
companv of the king. lie died saddenly at 
bis re«iduttce on 2 Jan. 1805, and waa buried 
in St. PanV« CAth<>dml. IV was twice mar- 
ried : firat, on 31 Itec. 17tt7, to Betty An 
doughtrr of John Ilawson of Morlry, Yof 
Mn-; and, w^ondly, ill 178:?, to Chariot 
daughter of William, Brst viscount Obu 
nay. As Iia died witboul i«^ut', tliu ei 
, dooi fell to his nepli«w, Kir Jiiaies Si. t'l 
' ErsVinR, son of hia stater Jonot, who w 
the <lin<ct ancestor uf thv preaent. I£ar1 of 
RmslvTi. 

I The chief nuthoriiy is Campbell's Lires of 
' IaoA Chancellors, aa iho writer had ace«ss(o 
niiM>K'ii doeunientx. Miny Irltera by aud 
' Wwiil't-rburn will be found in Hist. >Ii^. Comia. 
61b n*[>., lOlh Rep. pt. vi„ I'JtU B«i). pt. ii., 
Mlh Pep. ii(B.t.iv.x. Smmlm Tli>- ^^»d(lrrhun 
llobk. 1898 : Millar's Compt Bnik of David Wrd- 
(itrbiinie (Pcriliiah IliBt.Boc.i; Millar's Koll of 
I Kminent KurRei<i?«of i>iind»o; l-'nmklin'i'W 
ed. Spiirkv. iv. Vii, i I" ; BrouKhnin's Stal 
of the Kiri^ii of Ucorga UI ; l^osVs Jadees.) 

I WEDDERBTJSN. p AVT1> O 6e0-16«). 

Lnlin |Kiel, wa» baptised in Aberdeen oa 

I 2 Jan. ia7y-;S0 (JbfniMi Parhh Ittyuftr). 

I He was the eldc'^t son of William Wedder- 

lium, hurgpss of Aberdeen, and Maijorie 

Annond, and was indurated nt Maiitchal 

Collcgi*. In liW'2 bf wri» appointed masterof 

1 he grammar erhool of A beweon, ia conjuuc- 

t ton with Tliooias Reid id. ^»2^\ fn.v.: ; b 

in the following year \w ri-i^i^ed nis o: 

with the intention of becoming a minist 

, This purpoac wns abandoned, however, a 

I in Iw-'J hu wa*i reiiirtiated. Tn 161 L Gilbl 

I Clray, urincipal of Marisclml College, di*^ 

I and'ASedderhum was nppuinti^ to tGScb 

the das* in that college which had been 

under firay's charge. On fl Fab. 1820 Wed- 

derbiirn was mado pi irt -laureate of -Abe^ 

deMi, receiving n Milarr of eighty merb 

' vearly from the town council, for wludi 

I he undertook to teach a weekly Icaaoo of 

humauily ia the college, aad ' to compose >> 



I 

ii., 
ura 

iollof I 





Wedderburn 



us 



Wedderburn 



Latin, boLb {iroee md tsisb, whstBTer nur- 
pone ortlwineeoncerniDffUM; common iLflnir* 
of the bnr^ cither ui untn^ or atield, lliut 
he ilioll l>e rmuirwl bj Any of th« miiKi»l rate* 
or clerks.' trora a jMwace in tlm ' Disry of 
iUiid«rJiil)nLy'(^rdedit.p.'l:^|it uppears 
kit Wedderboni eontinai'd in hia plac« aa 
nalerof tb« gramniftr ecbool &Ioi)(i wtttitlii' 
prcfceaorU chai^ in th<^ coU«^'. Hut iu 
IBiU the towu council onivn-cl him lorusifni 
bi« class in the college, uid to confiue tiii> 
attcutiuu iti thu ^inmar school, la \H26 
he obtained an aiii>i!>lant in llit> gmintnnr 
Khoolfdnd in the folloving' year litii stipend 
wu increaJMd l>y i't^Iitv mt>rks (ItfyniU nf 
Itftnfk^AherdMM, Ui-J.'t 4-J,pp. I9,:fl), RLii^h 
Records 8oc. edit.) (Jo 14 Au^. K^L'O ho Lad 
biv>n ndiniu«il ■ butf^OM of Aberd(-L>ii 'in 
right of Lis fatb«r,' but on L'O Muv lO-'Ji hu 
vaii utitdu an honorary burgesit of Duudei* in 
ROOKnitiua of hi« iMimine and «kilL' in uni- 
dieodo juTentdtem.' In Tti^Ul Ii» c^oinpkttnl 
■ new invmiuBrforlheugeof youn;; aclioUrfl, 
for wliicli he recivwl tin- rvwan! of a hun- 
dnd lib. ^cols from the toirn council of 
Alx-rdwn. Hi- waa sunt specially to Edui- 
liiirch that the tici^mw of the priry council 
miglit be obtained for the priaTiog of tlm 
work. The TO^Hlirr of this pnry council 
coutaius Kveral eiitrivit la rt-gard to thii> 
hook in ll'»'«i 2, and the matlurcainv before 
pArlitttii'Tt in June IGSil, wljim W presented 
a pi-iition tlukt bit'rliortaiid fuvili-tfrttuLmftr' 
might bo tlio only one taujiht in the schools 
of llm country ^ WrtMerbum Ifovk. vol. ii.; 
Aett nf i'nrt.ti/tinl.) llii- tTibrniiric^df n^>r 
conipelli'd Weddt-Tbum lo resi|m his o(5ce a« 
nuutt-r nf the |.'r»tnmar Jtf.liool in IIUD. His 
death tiK>k place eitber in IVbriinri' nr Octo- 
ber ]IU0. nnd be wan buried 'gratis ' in the 
church of St. NicholiM, Abordi'en. lie wna 
twic« married : in April Kill luJunei Jtilni^ 
none, by irhom he bad issue one son : and 
in Octobw LOU to Ilacbiu .Mowat, by wbum 
h4> bftd two aona and tive dau|^liters. 

When Jamra VI vieilad ScotUnd in 1617 
Wedderburn wan engagnd by tlm lown coun- 
cil of Aberdeen to n-rite b Latin wel- 
come, and lb« two poem* wliich he com- 
posed — 'Synpnphranr^rion in Iteditu Ititgin' 
antl ' Pnipemptifon Caritalum Abredoutju- 
aium' — wcrrt nflvrwarda published in Sir 
Jobn Scot's 'Delitim Foeiarum Srotoniiu.' 
Thw' nro UHinlly referred to aa Weddef- , 
bom's first imbliirations; but in rtK- Advo- 
cates' Library, Kdinliurgb, there is a W)py nf 
u Lutiit idjein on the death of IMnce Eletiry, 
abio included in ihi* ' IMitiie,' which wan ; 
printed by Andm Hurt in liSl:i, under the ' 
title ' In Oliiiti sittamiD Spt>i IViucipis IIbu- 
'u,JacohiVr Itegi.4filiipri(n0]!e»it],l^s«ii9,' 




by ' IMvid AVudderbumus, ihtbolie Abre- 
(lunensid Moderator.' In ID^i'i he wrot« a 
Latin poets on the death of Jaoie^ VI, which 
wiM printed by Kdward Ilsban [fl-v.] of 
Aberdeen, witli the tit1« ' Abrcdonio atrata 
«ub Obitum sereniasiml et potent lasimi Slo- 
norehie Jaoobi VI,' a work now very sCArt-e. 
( tne of his most eatwmed friends wa» Arthur 
Johnston [q. t.], who wrote one of bis finest 
Latin poems on Woddurburn, to which b« 
replied in a similar lil rain. Wbt^n Jobnaton 
died in l(UL, Wuddurbum published atx 
l.atit) eletfieit upon bin friend, under thti title 
'Sub Ohiiuin \ iri clariEtOmi (A carisuml O. 
Artitri Jiihustoni, Mudici reKti, UavidisWed- 
derbumi rtu.ipirin.' The.v- poems were in- 
; eluded in l^uder's 'I'Dutaruui Scotoruni 
' Tllussn *a<;r«,' piibliahi'd in 1731. In ItU^l 
Wedderburn published at Abi.Tde«i) ' Mcdi- 
tntioiLuui conipe^trium, »eu Kpt^^raimnatuui 
moralium, Cvuturim duie;' and in 1044 ho 
iMued a similar work, ' Cent uritt tetlia,' which 
ulaowuaprinledby HdwnrdKaban. Another 
of liiH elfKiitc c<:)Uipoiiition!> wan bin contribu- 
tion Xa tlm ' Funerula,' or memorial verwa 
j 01) Pnl rick Forbet of Com", bixhop of Aber- 
deen, pnbliflbed in \KAf>. Tbe council rttcnnh 
of Awrdeen contain many yntries of pay- 
ment« nmdo to TiVeddcrhum for poems and 
ou account of his fframmar. V\cdilerbuni 
was reckoned one uf the foremost latiiiistH 
nf his day. Etj^htof his Latin poems are in- 
cluded in Scot's ' Deliiiie rotiarum Scoto- 
rum.' Itesides those poeina mentioned abovi;, 
tbi-re uru an ck'gy, epitaph, and apotbeoBia 
of IVife^-ior IJuiican l.idiUI of AlM;rdenn,and 
an ode to Calliope. 

Wi-ddiTbnniV n.-xl brcith.?r, At.KXAKtiKR 
VVEI^UEllHL•H^ (ITiSl-lilW)?), Ijitin sdiolnr, 
was baptiaed at Aberdeen on 1) Sept. ICHL 
He WAS Admitted as a biirMr of >tnrt8chal 
College on '£d .)an. l&i'-i, on the petition of 
his two brothers, WilUiimand Darid, 'bein^ 
presentljc in Eniihind iu a pedugoKiv.' IJtlltt 
IS known regnroing him, save that he pre- 
pared for publication an t-dition culilled 
■ IVr.'iu* «niii!i-Htus, sive (^oiuiui'iitnrins ex-J 
ncti^aitnus ct uiaxime perspicuiu in Pcrtiutn, 
E'nMlariini omnium dillicilliinuin,' for which 
hia brother David bad U-l't notes. This work 
Wii" pubUshed at Ameterdam in ](H>4, afteri 
iLu death of .Mexander. The dale of hit 
decease is not recorded, but il was about 
lUoD (V'A* IVrddrrhum Hook, \. 477). 

Another of Weddt'rbum'^ brothure. \Vii<* 
LUJi WEDi)Ennrux (]'"'*^^''-l*!*K)), 8cotcb 
divine, wiifi bum iu \.a%'i or li*)^, but the 
Uws of the Abvrdvifn parish rp|{iet<<r for the 
period, leaves tbo e\nct date unknown. He 
was doctor of the grsiuuiar lichool of Aber- 
deen in 11^16-17, and afterwards became one 



W'eddcrbiirn 



ri6 



Weddcrburn 



of tho ref^Dnte of MariKlial College. On 
■2J) Ucl. 16-3 h*- w«!» eiin>UMl lu burffotxuf 
Abardpen. in riplit of his fatln'r. In ItillSlie 
was iidinittt<d minister i.if Uethelaay, Old 
Melfinim, Ahrrdwnshirf, nnd wa« piv»ent«i 
to tbe cborKO by Charles I in June Itf^tJ. 
I ['t* nitnic (ij)])'-Qra in ihi- li.ic of nssfinbliiM of 
Hjas* 9. In UH-2 In; wii* driiosi'il for fomi- 
catum. bill tbe sentence \viL>t r^MrindiKl in 
llip fiillnwing VfBr, and !il- vraa nHtummt-iidi-d 
for a vacuiil ^iliu-c It itppr'nrH IbnL hi* was 
ajjain censured, aa in >ovi?mbi'r 1048 his 
MtnttiH «> n tnini^tT yvnn rrslon-d. In llV>I 
he wafi admitted ininisrer of Innemnrhtie or 
Htrnthdon, and was in that chnr^f in April 
lOTft; but as tbc pamli was vac-ant \a A\m} 
IIKX), ho probably died in tliu interim. ILe 
was twicp raarried: tir»E, in Juno \li'24, to 
MarffiLrai. Tulli«di-p1i, aod »&ooQii!y, in No- 
vembfr KMy, 1o A^es llowisone. It is 
euppaeDcl tliat liom'r of tha '\Vcddi>rbuniB in 
Old Weidrum wi*ro bi« dewri-DdanlB. No 
lilernrv works by hiru bavo been idcntilipd. 
In MatduiL'ut's ' Catalu^uv of Scoti»h 
Writ^rn,' tlif ' Mwlitfiliftnnm (Jaiapt-strimn ' 
written by David WfddtJTbiini is wronglv 
axcrihcil to WjUinm (S<xi'rT, /W(i, ui. C6^, 

[Tim Wadd«rbiirn Boole (nriraUly prinbed 
I89S). i. <77-8; Atiilcrwura RecnnUi of Slnrin- 
dial Collrgp. pnMini : C'ulle«tion» Tor Hi«t. of 
Abnrdrra and lUnff (Spalding Club): Kxtntctn 
Irom Council Itefpkti'r uf Abitnltxiti, I'i7()-1625 
{SpnldiitR Club); Miic.of ^jMldiiift CInb. vol.v.; 
Cat. of l1i^AdrocatM*IJbnuv, 1776; Chnmbtra'a 
EmioeJil iteolatuen : Miliars- Itull of Kmitieut 
BlU^MM* of Dundee; imiou^eript Alfcr-ipeii 
P&nsb RegislDr.] A. H. M. 

WEDDERBURN. ,TAMKS (imi!-- 
K>53), r-coltiiihpwa.wasi.-ldvBl. wn of JomiTK 
WiwldtTbiirn, nn^FPbant im Uitndec(deHcribifil 
iu dociim«nt8 us 'ul itiu Weet Kirlc Styk-' 
l<idiitlinK"i^b bim frnm iitln-rji of tin- niitn'*!, 
and of Janfll Barrv. sister of John Barry, 
vicar "f I>undti.-. IIvwrs bora in Pnndi't.' 
about I4^S, nnd mntricitlatiKl at St.. .Andrew.'* 
University iu 15M. He wiis enrolled aa a 
buriifpMof Uiindeyin 1.M7. and wns int4>ndcd 
tt> take up \n» falber*!i occupation nn a nn-r- 
chant. While at ^t. Leonard'it Collets, St. 
Andrtjw^, ho had comu urnkT thi- influ'.-nce 
of Gavin |jogie,on»or tbelHadiiig reforiuum, 
and hu af^i'rwnnlii Utnk an acIivk purl opiinnL 
Homnninm. Afltir Ii^hviiik tlir univMri>itv Im 
was sent to I>ieppf and Itouen, wh^ro it is 
proba1>lt> thut n lirnncb of lh« Wvddi'rbiini 
tamily wassi^ttlfd in commerce, ili'turniug- 
to Dundee, he wrote two pluya — a tragedy on 
the bi'licftding of John the Bajriiat, nnd n 
comedy called ' Dionyaiua the Tyrant'- in 
which b^ ttalirised the abitsea in thu HomiaU 



chunli. Tliese xAajs were ]>erfnnD«d in 
OMin air at thr I'layfield, nasr the WMt 
of Dundof^ in 11^39-40; but they hare 
bwn pn-wrved, though from n-ft-reoow n 

tn tht-m bv CnMi-rwond nnd tithit? ihejr Aeem 
to have given much oHence to rulini; ecci 
aiMtica. About this time, in conjimctif 
with bin brothers John and Kobcrl, Itu wro< 
a niiralwr of iia<:rtMl narodies on popnl 
LalladH, which weru published apparently 
lirsl. MM brondxhiwi bitlltiili, and were after- 
wards collected and issued in lo67, undor 
tbr' tills ' Ane Cotnpi.'ndiouii IVxilc uf Uodlr 
and Spiritnall Song^ collifcted out of snndrw 
partes of the Scripture, with eundrie 
olhiT Ballat't'St cbanfr»-d oiit ^f pmphai 
jan^es, foravoyding of Biuue and harlo[n«, 
witbaugnienlAtionofMundriL-gudeandgodlie 
DuUatex nut cuntvnii in the fir^l editiooa.* 
Unly iiiHi copy of the (edition of 1607 ia known 
to exiAt, and there ts no clue to thr dttl« of 
thi' firet oditioti refvrTvd to on its title-page. 
\a ju>u]c? of the aongs jilninly refer to inci- 
dents that Cook place in Scotluud ui>'ut I'tiQ, 
thv tlimiry I lint tbrno wiTti circulated aa 
broadsheets is not unrensonabli!. According 
to Colderwood. James Weddcrburn 'counter- 
footi'd llie conjuring of n ghosi' in a drama, 
which seemed to retiuct upon James V. wl 
confessor, Father lAing. bad MandaliB«d 
king bv aomo mummery of Uiis hind. 
Niblr iMh was the cause that action w&a 
taken against Wedderbum as a hurelic, foe 
in 1539 he wns 'delntdd lo tin- king, a 
letters of raptioii dlrocli'd again&t him/ b 
be managed to escape to France, reluming 
to r>i''>ppo or Rotien and reiinming his com- 
mercial occupation. An unsuccessful attempt 
was made by the Scottish factom there to 
bavv bitu proiecutwl by Ihi^ bishop of Itouen, 
and be remained in i'rance until his death 
in ltjo3, not 1&05, us somi'timve atatt-d. 'IIk 
date i* proveJ by l!ie n-iurn uf his sou John 
aa heir to his father in October ]l>*>3, 
W'edderliurn mnrritil Ijefort' 1628 Janet, 
daughter of Ilftvid Forreatcr in Nevny. 
whom he hud three sons : of th««e Jolui (A 
Noveroh<-r IMH) was grandfather of Jami 
VVeddwburn ij.v. . bisliop of JJunblane (JS' 
Maimi SHjitltJltff. iSeol. ir»lil-4tj, No*, bi 
IJSfl.lSIl). 

Uia brother, JoHX WuDftsmatTlT (ISOO? 
I'ViO), the i^ecund sonof Jamn) Wtnldiirbum 
and Janet Burr)-, was born iu Dundee about 

ward 

While at college he came under the teaching 
of John Major (I46{l-16o0)[q.'v."; and I'alrick 
Uamilton [^. v. ]the martyr, and,1ike hia elder 
brother, became an ardent reformer. Jlctu 



)m 

lor 

lly ! 



■ma, 

]-o(^H 

foe I 

4 




''jOO. He Mudied at the picdagogiutn ('aftep*,gM 
vurds St, ilurv's College!, Si. AndrfW^^B 
Tflditalfd It.A.'io IfiiJtl and M.A. in liii>a " 




Wedderburn 



>37 



Wedderburn 



ia^ to Dundee, li« v*» pUced under tbe [ 
tailion of Friar Ilewat of ihe Doniiiucnn , 
iuonutcrTthi-n-,aDdhf^tookoTdersii.«aprii«r. i 
Hv wM cbtplaiii of ^1. .MaltbewV i'liupvl, ' 
Dundee-, in 1632. Having th^ gift of poesy, 
be iuined with Li» two brolbtire, Jamva tutd 
HdWrt, in cou>nn.iiii)ir luilUcI* illTeotcd iigain»t | 
KomsiUE[D,iindiii 1 53H- ht! waa accused of ' 
hemjr. It' is nut known wtiflhiT !]>' ■IoikI 
, hU Cral-bat ht\ wa^ rt^nainly convicted and 
I hia goods forreit<^(l and ((iven over to liis 
yoangwt brother ITcnrr, on paTmi»it of ii 
BinaU aiini 1o the hin^fi ireatiury. About 
154U Wedderburn made his way to the con- 
tinent, and rvnuiim.-d ^oiiiu timu at Wittuin- 
bciv. tben the ciii«f cwnlre of the ivfuniiers. 
In 15-12 be rcrunied to Scotland, nnd,in 4'uri- ' 
^mirtiiMi with John Scott or Sent {^fi. J.V»0) 
la. v.], printer in Dundw, began publiAbing [ 
the ballads which he and his two brothers ' 
hail cnmpoa«d af^nin.it the Ilomi-sh n-ligion. i 
That be bad the largest share in writing ^ 
^ tbcfte ballad* ttems probable from rho fact 
' UiM many of tbein an Aumed ou Uvrmati 
j modeU with which he would be fauiiliar. 
I It im expectAd, afUT thd di'ai h of Jauiiu V, 
■ that the privwTiorArrHri would Lb fftvimrabl« 
til thij prolesl tints, but this hope was nut 
real ii>«d, and i*r-v»ml net' of parliniix-nt wafm 
' passed forbiddin;; thi' pubbcatinn of th4->do 
Dallnda, which W(>r« known as ' lhi> Ibindon 
Pnalina.' Wi-ddvrbnm wn* in lluuilw in 
the early part of LVIS, but was forced to flws 
to Knfjliind in that yvnr toavoi'l prosKution, I 
and he diitd thrre in o.\i1<' in l.ViiX ' 

Another brother, ItoBKttr WKDni^KKttRX I 
(ISlOP-lAfiT?), The thin! eon of Jnmw j 
Wedderburn and Jnnvt Harry, wasalso born I 
in Dundee about 1510. lie entered St. Leo- 
nard's OuUejiia, St. Aiidrew:<. in X-'yli}, jini- 
duatfd U.A. in ir.-JP and .VI. A. in lfi:«> with 
epecial honours. In 1528 the reversion of Si, 
K athcrinrt'n Cha]ifl, lliindfi;, wiw giv^n t<i 
him, though lie waallien under aire. He took 
order* n« a prieat, and ultimateCy snrreeded 
hi» uncle, .lohn Barry, tix vicnr of Thindw ; 
but befon? he secured thai twnytico he fell 
under suspicion of hcresr, nnd, IiIer ]ii:< 
[ brothers, was forced to laW rcfugv oii the j 
! coulJnent. He w*nl to Paris, probobly in i 
15,^ or 153*!, and attended the univernity j 
thrre, and it ia tiiiiJ thai lit- iiUo nftKnt iioitie 
time at \\'itteinlM;rg, wliere his brother John 
joined hitn,Biid where theni were many tllcot- 
: tith protestant ref iig'eeA. Hi^reninin^'d abroad 
' till 1646, when the death of Cardinal Beaton 
aeemod to promiMMfrly in 8coilaiid for th<- 
prot«atutt9. It is difficult to discover when 
be became vicar of Dundee. A document in 
Dundee cbartei^room rotvfs to liim as huUl- 
ing that office in 15^, but Joliu Harry wa* , 




Ticar after that date, uid it i« likely that 
Wi.'dderbuni did not come into the bvueflcs 
till after IMO. lie waa certainly vicar in 
10^2, and hu divd K-twven 151)^ aud ISOO. 
By a fleed reconii^d in the register of the 
great seal, 13 Jan. lG&iJ'3, his two tUe^ii- 
mate sons, David and Robert, werv legiti- 
miftftd. Their mother waalfiobel L{>%'cll,who 
msrrietl David Cunl in KitiO nod died shortly 
before 1687. 

It is not [mssible to identify the different 
psalms and sonj^s outributcd by the three 
Wi'dderbnni!' to ihe * Compeudioui) Hook.' 
A Ihnromch eKaminalion of that eolleclion 
and an exhaust ivo account of it will iK-fouud 
in thf ndiliim iuueJ Ijv llu' S<-»lti«h TfXt 
Society, annotated, widi introduction by 
euerituN professor A. K. MitcbLdl, D.D. In 
the iutinu volume therf^ is an account of the 
evidence wliieli led Dr. David Laing and 
other* to a*cnbi- ' Nrdderbum'* Complaynt 
of Scotland,' publinhed in 1518, to Jiobert 
Wedderburn. 

[Hegintnim Majni Sigilli ftr^m Scotoma, 
JS13-4B and 1.-.4B-8Q; "C»Idorwood'» Hist, of 
iha Kirk, Wiylruw edit. i. 111-9; AlilUrV Itoll 
of Kmintai fJurgeaus of Dandce, p. '21 : Max- 
Mell'ii Old Dutidiw prior lu the Ksforuialiou, 
p. Iti, Dr. A. F. Mitebeir* edition of A 
L'umpoadious Book of Godly ami Spintuul Songs 
(fScotlish Tm Stic.); Tbo Wodderturi) Hook 
(l>riTaiilyprinlciU8!)8t.pp.U. 18.22; Julian"* 
l)icl. of llyniiiolu^; Millnr's ('iiDipt lluik of 
Itiivid Weaderbiirn (.4fr.t. Hist. Soc.); .McCVia'a 
Life of Knox, App. Ii : Lnmlj's Dundoe, it* 
Uuuint and llii^torie liailding*. I A. H. M. 

WEDDERBURN,JAMES(168r>-1639). 
bishop of Dunldane, wat thi< second aon o^ 
John Wedderburn, moriner and shipowner, 
Ihiiidue, and Margaret Lindsay. James 
Wedderhiini (l4!lo ■'-iri.>a| [q.v.] woa Ida 
(iTeat-crandfalliiT, lie was boru at Dundee 
in Di'^t, and txieim hix collegintu niiirAe at 
St. Andrews Lniverfity, matriculating in 
1('I.I4, ^nduutio)! in DllW, and n-miivinif 
thenc* tu one of th« Kngliah univi-rtiittes. 
Wood states that Wedderburn studied at Ox- 
ford, but his name does not occur in the 
rejrister*; and ll«yl>n, in hi.i ' Life of Wil- 
liani Liiud, Archlnshopp' gives Cambridge aa 
thu univtrviTv. He was ol one limu tutor to 
the cIiildrtTi of Inutic ('asaiiWi, and among 
ihfl Humey manuscripts iij the Britiah Mu- 
•funi tben- are several leltern front him to 
('aftauhon and to hi-t son Merir, the latter 
bavins been Wedderburn's stu-cial pupil, 
Wcdrferburn took order* in tnc Anjtlican 
ebiireh, was minlaii^r at llaratone in \*ii^t, 
and was closelv associated with Laud in 
tlm prrpiiralion of the liturgy for the Scot- 
tish c-hurvh. lie wa« profeswir of divinily Iti 



Wedderburn 



138 



Wedderburn 



St. Mary'HColIi4p>, St. Aii<ln(i\-c,tti 1H17, an<l 
had obtained his dtifrrtieorD.D. bflforvJanitun- 
laSS, ne nf lliitt limr, in (•onjiinclidn witii 
l*rinci[ial Howie, he inirodiiri'd tin* litui'irj' 
at ibe collegv, in contpiliiiiiiK vviib the oitlcrH 
of the king (OitnEBWoon, I/i*f. 0/ thf Kirk, 
Wodrow Soc. vii. Sfit'). In l-'ebruarv \^'2*i 
he vfftB oppoint^-d rector of t"om|)trin, dioct-s*- 
of Wincli«flt*r, and wok collati-d cution nf KIv 
before CbhaJraos WJM. Oii VI St-irt. lUi^it 
the king iiretttfiitwl liiin to iho vicsnii^- of 
MildeHhall, diocMo ol' Nnrwicb. H<- t^-iim n|^ 
pointed prebendnry of M'liitcHurcli in the 
biHliojiric of Hnth nndWclli* on 'M Mity KUI 
( I.K Nktk, Fasti, i. L'03, ;iliO). Rr became 
dean of rhe ChiipeJ Kwvol, StirlitiK, in Octo- 
ber lfl3.'i. Iln 11 R-h. ■|ll3«hr'wii.si>rcfcm'd 
totticseeofUtinblune, lEiiiucceuiioiiio Adaiu 
B€llciidfn,prt>motiid toilii.'bidbopricof Alier- 
AiSrn. Mi: mii#t bavo rwtnincd tbcprcbind of 
Whitcliiircb, as no «iicceMor was (ii>[»Ltinred 
until 1 Jiilvl6.18f HW/«tS;iM..V.SA-. mW/»r 

-v.y.s. c w«. loth i{.>p. iii. 'jm'\. whi-ii i h..- 

UliLH^'OW aMcmbly of 1 ^I Ue«. 1 IUI8 d<--pDJted I bi> 
Uiibapis, Wc-ddurburii wna i-xprr«al_v included 
in tilt? i-xcoinmunication, bM^iiuno ' lie bud 
beea a coaGdentuil agent of Laud, srcbbieUop 
ofCiiDtorbary,in introducing thnn^w lit tirjiv 
and popiah ceremnniefl.' He fled to Kngland. 
in corapimy with otlie-r Srotdsb biidiopii, and 
found pmti;c:tion from his patron, Laud ; but 
hv did n*i\ loii^i sunivti hLi>dt.'privutioii. tie 
died al OuuU'rbury on 'SA Sept. m.'19, and 
wa>^ butR-d in ibu chapel of thu Virgin Mary 
in l.lii- atlliiilnil Lbfr>'. Thpm in a jmrtniit of 
lh<? bi^diop, by Jaiaieson, at llirkhill, Fife- 
sbirViFi-prodiK'td in 'TlioWf.ilili'rhnni Ik>ol(.' 
In Scott's 'Fasti' he is said to hove wtitten 
'A Tr«aLisH of Hi-conciliution.' 

[Kvilh** ( 'iitjili^ur of ]{i«hopK; Uilliir'<i Roll 
frf XmiDont UiirgcsoM. p. bi : Tbc Wcd'lcrburu 
Book (pririitdy printdd. 1808). i. 28; Mtllnr'n 
Compt Itiiik nf DuridWddilerbiim (i^poHinh Hint, 
So«0; Lj-onV Hist, of St. Androws. li. ilSi 
Gwdintrn Mist, of lln^lnml, rii.-^Od. tiii. 811 ; 
Scott's Fiist), it. 840; L«<idii Work*; HokihkV 
Hilt, ttf tboCluipel Roral in Scotland, p. I9(>.] 

A. H. B1. 

WEDDERBURN. Sin JOHN iVm 

J<S7U), piiysticiiin. waw clie fifth tioti of Aii*X- 
BJidur Wi'dderbuniuf Kin(^i;noii>, lown cK'rli 
of lluniiee, Hiidli>"!en,dHHKbtorof .\lfxiuidtfr 
Haraflay of Rrairhmont in Fife, and wn.* born 
itt HumUt-in \:>^. Ml- mntrirulatwl al St. 
AndKWA I'nivcrsity in Ifilfi, gmdanrf-d m 
IdlB, and waBprofoBSDrof pliiloBopiiythCTein 
lt5Ll)-30. Hftvini^' cbrtii>n thf mfrrlical protw- 
aioii.hf rapidly attained autimiiient jioiiitiou. 
Ill- wn* opptiiiitcd physician to tb« king, was 
knitfht«d,and<)btaini.'iJa pvni^iuii of two lliou- 
aand pounds 8eots from Charles I, which 






wait conlintiMl lu bini by Chartwa U. 
lowinir tlu! example of his kinsman and 1 
Djikr, bruthvr of James W'vdderbam (1£6^ 
IKti)) [<{-v.l, who wait then a diMangiUAhed 
phyeician in Moravia, Wedderburn prowj- 
oiit«d hi« m«-dlcal atudiej on the c<intin<iii, 
and was with the priiicv (Charte* II) in II ol- 
Innd. Oil K April 164t! he waa incorporated 
M.l). of Oxford Univureitv, upon ibe rvcon- 
ueudatioit of the chiinciilior. He nctinired a 
larf^v fortune, and |*«ve sn liberally to his 
tu'i> nfpli^w« that cmi", Sir .V Ivxondvr I q.v.}, 
acquired the. estate of RlncknesB, while the 
other, Sir Peter ^q-v.^, bought Hosford in 
I'^sr Lorhijin in liifcO. ".\i Go»ford Sir John 
lived iu partial retirement from |f!'.it! id] bi« 
dcalh in .lulv 1'5T1», and wns niobdWy buried 
in ihf> churAyurd of Ab<.-rla<ly. He waa ua- 
luarricd. By his will he bequtrathed his ex- 
t>'n«iv« and \-AlnabIp library to St. Leonanl't 
CoUe^e, Si. Andrews l'iiivi;T>ity. 

A portrait of him is at Meredith, in 
posfeesion of Sir U'tlliam Wedderburn. 
i.t reprodiieed in ''Hur Wwlderbuni Hook.' 

[jHillnT* Itol! nf RminRiit Burp«>tta,p. 34; 
Leon's Uim, ofSu .■\ii0o5wsii.]8$,418; Wood'* 
Fnsti OxoB. ii. !)2. The ^neal<i^ of the WAd- 
derl>iini» tu Dinia'"-'''» ItnroiiuKc is vttrj iacomict; 
the iiioiL ram|>lt-t« uiid toiLlii'Dttc accnania ar* 
l!ivi*ci in iheConipi Btiikof David Wvddcrhiinie 
(Srol. llift. 8oc.)'indin The WudiierLurn Bcx.k. 
ISilS, r. la-.'l A. H. M, 

WEDDERBURN, Sib lOHN (1701- 
ITMtt ban., of Itlackness, Jacobite, bom on 
4 Aug. 17(M, cldf« twn of Sir AIcxand«i f 
Wedderburn, fourlli baronet (cr. AujiO^^I 
I70J I, by Katbcrine, daughter of John Soolfl^ 
luerciiaul, of Unndee, was takvn prisoner "^1 
Cnlloden. Sir Alexander Wedilerbuin[d.».1 I 
wna bi> greal-^'^miidfat.Iicr. His fatlier luul 
be^oi d«urivt^d of the towurlt-rk»hi[i of Hun- 
Akm in 1<17, and ua bis death in 1741 tb« 
family ir)itati']i Und lu bu lold, and the son 
lived in great povertr. Afcordinr to Sir 
John's own account, he was «.'i*ea by tbe 
rebi»U and compelled to join rhttni by force ; 
it was clearly proved thai he bad been con- 
cerned in lei'ynig excise for their u*o. "" 
uUo joined I bo rubida ax a soldier, wai> 
sent Bt the butlle of Falkirk, was aeeti 
\\w retn-at from Slirlin|f, and in u h'lum of 
r«b«l oUifiT!* and wiIcHth — 'prinonvni in In- 
vemeae, lf» Anril 174tS— his name appeal^* ad 
Sir John Wvfiderbiiro of Kcbo'« lifeguiLrd*^ 
I le was found guilty of treason, and execu 
on hennington Common on SH Mot. 17 
IliA title and hts •'^tnto of BlackneM 
forfeited. l)y Jt-an, iddesl daughter of J 
Fiilb^rton of that ilk, he bad three surriv 
ton* and four dau^hter«. Hu uld««t 
Jobu,was fathur of Uavid of Balltndvan, 



con- 




Wedderburn 



139 



W'edge 



> 



was cr««te<l a baroneL or the I'nited KJng- 
tlum in MOa, and became poettaBStec-gnieni] 
of Scciilnml. 

[Uiatorind pHpm rcUtiDg lo Iha jMcotitt«i 
PwifKl (N«v Spnliling Club), 1806; Lirl of 
PMMoa raaccniMi in ibr Kchrllion in 17-ld 
(BeMlubHUtorySoc.). 1890; Douglan'iSrntiJiih 
Bannwgv, p. 2£2 ; Botk»*i Pocrafte and BuvuvC- 
aae: Wetoter'fii <-ii«nlngi<«] Acmaat of tho Wed' 
derbuni ramil* (pnmtclr printed nl Niintca), 
181».] T. e. H. 

WEDDERBURN, Sir PKTEKfimn?- 
1679), Scouiiih judge-. wa« the third Fon of 
Jmmrn WcddtTbiim, town clerk of Kundre. 
'ifiir Aletander Wi'ddi<-rburn To.r.] wan hm 
felder brotht;r. llcuaa born ai Dundee about 
ISItt, and WR» cdticfltcd nt St. .\ndrawa, 
wbere bfi gradualvd M.A, in HJ;J(V Jle was 
admitted advocate o» ]!) Jan. KUti, and 
meodilTattaiui-d promincnrLnl tbc Imr. In 
JamiBrvI't.'>S-91niacijiii[>tdt!n'i'»tiit(Mjf{)o''- 
ford, ifaddingtonehire, from Sir Alexander 
Aucbmiity, nol, at i* vitatrd in Itivuirlns* 
•Baronaffe.'frnniliiAunHe. Sir John Wfidd^-r- 
bom [q. v.], who advanced money for tie 
pnrpoae aa ne. bad no chiliiron and bad di- 
oidw to make Peter his beir. Weddt-rburn 
remained 6rmly attached lo the royiiliats 
daring; the ciril war; and at tlii>lJeeiom(inn 
be wti4 lini^litt>d and made keepErr of the 
aigni-t for liftf, with power t'l iippoint depuiivn. 
In July I'fttl he ww appninttd cWtV tottiu 
priTT council, anil on 17 Juni; HUlMk^waa 
niiu,-d to tbc bcncb S3 an unliiiary lord of 
seaaioa, wiih ibe tilitf nf Lord {Jrt*ford. ll<r 
RprusL-ntL'd the eon«tabiilur>- of Hadding- 
ton ill tb<! (^cniTentions n1nirt>[ continuonKlv 
£r>in 1(161 until 1R74, H.- di<-d at (ioflfurd 
On II Nov. mry. He man-it^d, firnt, in 
\M9, Christian Gibeon, by whom In- bad 
oiMaon, who dii;d in infnnry ; andf«c»nd]v, 
in 16A3, Agni>fl, daughter of John Dtclt- 
•OD, Lord HarlrM of eiM«ion,and bad llvu 
aoBi and four daup;btprB, The iecoiid son, 
Peter (l6-!>4 1~44}), aEsumL-d ibu uani>.' of 
Ilallt^lt on mtmiHR Jniu-, dnnfihtcr of Fir 
Chnrk-E llalkett, and lieire.'is of her brntln^r, 
8ir Jarne* l[Hllt>-u ; hf i» n-iin*"'iitpd hv Hir 
Peter Arthur Halkfir of riilirmiie, ban. 
SirPpter Wedderbum'slliirdson wni^Rrnnd- 
father nf Alixundcr Wfrddcrbnrn, Ilr«t curl 
of lto«i>lyn [q-v.] I^rd Oosford published 
• A Collrflion of Decisions of the Court of 
Session from 1 June IWW till July 1077." 
which is atill accepted an authoritative. He 
wa^ r<^gard«d aa an fflotinant advocate snd 
an upright judgt'/wli'Mcdvi'dowMn-prdniplfHl 
by lrDtIifulne.ifi.and whnee law wan dircctwl 
hy juflttC4) and sympathy.' 

A poTtTKit of Sir P<rier is In the pcs^caaion 
of .Sir William 1^'edclerbum at Veceditb, ' 



and ia raproducvd in 'The WeddarbuniBcKdL* 
Anotber portrait was at Lulie IIoum, and 
wa« sold in IHNi. 

[lirunton nnd H*i|['!i SmnUira of (hv Col- 
l««u uf Jutiiiv, p. 361 ; MilUr'i Itvll of Eminent 
BurgrMfMaflfutidM-. pp. I S3. IfiC; The Wedder- 
burn Book (iirivatelj* jirinlnl, IH9S), p. 348; 
MillArV Cxniiii Builc of Unsid Wrdilcrlurti (Seot- 
I ti»hHiat.S«.): DoiiKbi*'»Hnroiin([e,] A. il.M. 

■WEDGE,JUIL\HEM)Kl{(17!f.^-iK72), 
colonial FVatvDuian, was born in Eniiland in 
1792. Ho arrived in Ta.*inninri in ItSIi", 
buvLUg rocoivud an appointment in the sur- 
vey d^iiarlmrnt. In IcitS liu' was ordered 
bvpovernmeni to make a]irt'Iinii]iary«ijrvc)r 
o[ tlif country bvforv the patgnl of the L'rant 
about to ho niad<^ to tbv \ an Dicmen's I^anct 
Ccmpany was settled. In acconlaiict) with 
bis report tliv f^runc to the company waa tin 
creaswl from JM.OOQ \o 3150,000 acrw, but. 
bid rcconimendHl ion to reaerve land at Kmu 
Hay for a lownabip was disnvarded, tbaug:h 
it wni the only *it« Miitublt> for a port not 
nlnady in tho company's posat^Mion. Snmu 
y«ani later vvitii f-rankland, llii* eurveyoiV' 
evneral, he explored the rnuntrv from tbft 
ht^ndwutent of ibe IX-rwent to I'ort Daveiv 
tracinu- the Huon river from its »uurcv. Ii^ 
1836 be went lo Fort I'billip aa fig«nt for a 
ATndtcat<? of iini-en Tasmauians to lak« up a 
large tract of land in ibc ti-rriton,- of what 
is now Victoria. Sjjt huiidrt-d tbuusund 
aove were purchased far V\>d^ from the 
natii es bttfore ibo ivudicaiu's expedition, led 
by John Pascoe I^wkner [n. v.], arrived. 
Thi3 purL'liasu yvas dUallowed by the Sydnv^ 
gorcmnii>>it. tb(ui);li nl n Uler period the 
»vudicale rt-cL'ived a g^mnl of land in partial 
eompi-n^Mtiriii, Wwljju twlllne his sbnr<> iu 
1854 for 18,000;. While at Port. Phillip ho 
aidi'd in rescuinp WilUfini Hiicklwy ( L 80- 
ISijti) [i].v,], wbohad lived over thirtv y*iar» ! 
nnion(( tin? Austraiian nattrcf. Arttr the 
crtlbiiwe of this syndicate Wed;(i? vii«iti-d 
England, rtflurning in 18J3, with Frauvia 
UuMcU Nixon [q. vX hi*ho]j of Taamania, 
«« iiiaiiu^(.T of the Ciiriat College astat«at 
ItiBbop-iboLimf. In IB>'>fi he was elected ni«ni> 
bcr of thu ToAinanian b'jjislnlivc cnuncil for 
ih« district ol" Morven, and in ls<56 for tluj 
district of North Kuk. Up waa a member of] 
tlin cabinet witkoutoliicein Thomaft Uvur^ 
Orejraoa'* abort minislrv from '20 l-Vb. to 
"JH April imff. At a I'atur data he repro- 
•i!iil«u llubart, and afterward* thti Ihmn in 
the le|^i«lativu t;nuncil, retaininfr his seat 
until hia death. For miinv V'-'nrs he resided 
on bit) pBtalG. Leighlands, near PfrTb, but in 
18(H) removed to the estate of JtledJands, oa 
the river Forth, where he diwl on 2i' Nov. 
^^72. In ItUS he touried an ilngliah lady 



■who came to Tasmniniii witli Rtsliop Nixon, 
£l]u died Boon Kftvr her RiArringe, learing no 
chil<ln.'ii. 

[Ili>l»rt Merflurj-. 26 Nov. I«72 ; JIiTinfiU's 
AuKtmlnsinn Bio-gr. IS9'>' ; Fenlon'* UUl:. *>t 
TnEtnaniA. 1B84. pp. 7». 80. 129. 131.271.303; 
Ijithillicrr'* KatW Hiitc. of Victftnn, 1878. pp. 

60, At, ao, r..i. 70.] B. I. c. 

WEDGWOOD, HENSLEIOH (lyaS- 
1801 1, nkilrildKiflt , ^ntn(li><m of Jomh W*dg- 
wooti ll-y-] nf Eirum.wiiB the youngt'rt 
Bon of Josiuh \V«tlgwoodof -Mnor Hall, Si af- 
fordsliirc-. Ilo wm bnm at fiiinvillp, Dorset, 
iu ltW^,aRdetlucuted at UuRby. Ue mutri- 
culattjid fpom St. John'* Cdll«*«i\ Onmhrid^t', 
and griidimtr-d fri)!!! C'hri&t'D College II.A. 
in ISlU and M..\. in l»'M. lie Tonk A liif;h 
iiiiithL-inatie)iI dt'^TO'.' (1^24 1 : but iuihe cliissi- 
cal tripi>«, iiiiliatfd tlie same yt-ar, his name 
oi;ctL|)ied tb^ lost pWr, givini^ occAsion to 
tJia lillo <■ till' wiamIl-u ivtK](fu') by which 
til" cliuiKJi-jil Wjiiivalftiit of the mathcmstical 
* woodea Hpuon ' cuiilinutid tu be- kuown for 
sixty yjiini. AOit li-iiving (7ambridg« he 
rentf for thn chanct^ry bar, but nfv(?r prnc- 
tised, and la lsif"2 ho vrn* appoititi-«! pnlii-.'" 
mugistriti.c M Ijim^Mth. Thin gave ticcasion 
tij llie most characturisiic action of liis lifi>, 
Bcpomiiiff ponvinci-d that tlioftdmini.Mmtinii 
of oullis wus iiiconsiMent with the injimc- 
lirtn* of tUd New TcAtaiQiMit , ho in IWi7 r■^- 
Ri^i4>d his ullii'L'. in cpitt.' of tht v\pu«[ula- 
tinnxof hi« friimcU, Minting hit dtH^iHion to Uia 
fnther in words which deserve to bo put un 
record : ' I think it verj- po^^ihle thiit il luay 
bet lawful for a muti to lak<> a judicial nuth, 
buinVfllhat Ltisiiotlawftd for me<, atid tlitfn- 
is no ii«c in letting HOOL & y'>iir porgiiade 
ouu'k conscience.' The lois of income was 

Earliftliy ri>covcn>d in the followinp yctir by 
if up point mt'iit to the post of registrErof 
mi-tro))nIilan carrinwes, wliich he held tiU 
il.^ abijliiiuu in 1H19. 

\Vii»i(jwooil'i» cnty-^r n* il ivhoUr h«d in 
the mt^antimrt ol^mmeIw^'?d with two email 
treHttseB on ' The I'nni.-ipW of Owniclricjil 
IV-Tnonsiration'llS-t 1) and'Onthi^'Di'vnlop- 
^m ment of ihe Understaadine' (It^l^). neither 

^^fe of lh>-m deroid of noutmi-M ; and thf kt-<'n 

^^> iiiTitrust in pcycbotogiiNtl priM^essos wliich in- 

W (tpirv-d tbetu was th<< chief detvrtninin^ fncti>r 

I iiithe philolo^nLitl ntudii'^ by wbirh he first 

I becaniH well known. One of the original 

^^ members of the PhilolngicnlSoc'it'tv(fou«dc<l 

^H iii]i^:^>,h*>|iubii>'h>;diiilH.'')7hb>'I)i(^ltoniiTy 

^^^ ofEngli.ih KfTmology/awoTk fftrinRdvMn™ 

^^B ofall it« pnraeceeoors, displaying nn rxini- 
^^f ordinarii' cotnmnnd of Hnf^ni.ilir material and 
^1 gKAi natural ftiiitaciiy, marred by imperfwt 

I ftcquftiiitBuea with the discorunod of philo- 

B to^cal science. Much attention, and at first 



ind „ 

lC«t 1 



cootidcrnbla ridicule, wen e<cit«d bjr _ 
f-lnboDLTo introduction, in which h« energeti- 
cally combated the thwrv, then recently 
advanced bv I'rofessor Alax Miillcr, that 
kuirungc onjinatL>d inu^vrioi! of iillimate 
and irre«nUble root*, aponlaneotuly created 
by primitive man as viprewion^ for hit, ulti- 
uiate and irrruinliihlr' id<>n«. Wt<«tgwood'« 
own Tifiw, which rsgnrdnd tangrna^ as the 
elnbnmtpd imitation of natural eoundo. un' 
doubT^'dly accorviivl hr:ItPr with ibn pn^itire 
ioetincts of modem philolofrr; and his in- 
trndiK'tion. tlir>^it;h nhouni^injr in iint^nahlfl 
uqualioiui, isa douumvnt ol'prvat value. Two 
years hilcr his theory was placed in a new 
and suj^ttftivt! light bv tlw tiuhlication oC 
bia cousin Chanett Darwin a 'Origin of 
Spccifs.' When, in 1881, Professor Skcat 
com|)let«<l hia ' Ktytnoloipcnl iJictionary,' 
Weajnvoodwaa among its ahli-st critic^: and 
hisvolumeof'Cont(Mt»rdEtymoloEi*'ji'(18e2) 
di-.'tiirvrdi V t-Xftrcis><*[l a riin»ideml)lt? 4ind 
mainly beniifirial effect upon (he second ei 
lion (cf, I'rof. Skvat's work). In hi» I 
ypnra Wwlewood bi'c«im'> ft confirmed eniri- 
tnnliiit and contributed to the periocii 
' Light,' PcrsonallT. he was a man of cx- 
tr^'me modeitty. Hi* reputiition came un- 
sous'bt, nnd he saw with unqualitied aym- 
patby ihu final triumph of the movcmont for 
the remiwion of the compuLitirA'oalh.a move- 
ment in which hi^ own early eflorta wgtb 
forgotten. He died on ±? June 1891 at bin 
Kniisc in Gower Street. Tie married, in 
1 8i{'J, Frances, daiig-h ter of Sir James Mackm- 
tosh, by whom he lind fix children. 

[luformntiiMi iiml ItUvrt in the puaaaoiom 
the Wedgwood faniity.J C. H. H. 

WEDQWOOD, JOSIAII (173&-i;03); 
notti'r, thirtn-^nfh and yoiuif^t child of 
Tlnimn.''aiid^laryW«l)rwood(bnmSttiDeer), 
was t) II prised in the parish church of RnnJem, 
Stnllor.l^hin-. nn 12 July I73II, He was 
thu fourth in descent from (Jilberl Wedg- 
wood of the Mule in Biddulph, born in l&SH, 
who 'tcltli.-d iu i{ur>leiu ulwut IGI'2. wli«n 
he uiurricd Mai^aret, niio of the two dau^li- 
ters and cohure of Thuoias liursli^m. This 
Irilbi-rt waa a ffreat-gnNtt-gmnd.snn uf John 
WedgTA'ood of Dnnwood, whose marriage 
took placi' in lltO. The WedRwoode were 
A prolillc race, ho that, in aplte of the poa* 
sebsion ol some property in lands and hoiuea. 
it wss neew.*ftry for tljii cadi'fi branches of 
ihe family to make a living by fidoptiug the 
staple occupation of the district. Thu« it 
came to piute that Jo<*iah Wedgwood'f father. 
att well as several of hia uui:lea and couAitu, 
j were potion^ — some mast«is, wmfl journey- 
men. Hwfure Joi^iith had complttW I ' 







ymr hw fatlier iJi«<l, ftiiii th« boj-'i eohool 
career, such m it was, cloicd. He st once 
bctriiu wurk al Burslum in tbo pottery of his 
riufJi'. bPrttlicr, ThamaH, mid soou teemne ao 
expcri' thrower 'on tilt; wheel. Aa ntUckof 
viruh-nt ^mnlltxix wlii-n tii* wim ahixiL rleven 
greatly enrveblw) him, particularly BlUctinK 
his right loiMt. Ilowt^ryr, on U S'uv. 1744, 
■when Josifth was id hi« flfU-snth year, h« 
ivaa ap|>TeDtic«d for fiTQ Tears to his htxithvr 
Thomas. Uafartunntcly— m it ei>'cmed u.t 
die time— he w«« toon co]up«Ile<l, bv a rw- 
turu of the Treakaees in his knee, to alundon 
tJi« throwtrr's heuch und to occupy himself 
with otht^r deimrLmtintA uf thu potter's art. 
He thus ohtnined a wid«-r infiiglit into the 
manv pradiciil rvquirvnu.'Htii of tiln craft, 
learning, for inivtanci^ the hiiitine^ of a 
' modvller,' and fashionius various iraitntiimi* 
of onyx and ai^t:*' bv the awociation nl 
differently coloured clays. Towurds tti« 
close of ItU apprL-iili(.'etthip Ja«iaEi dovcloiied 
ft love fi<r urifcinal uxiii.TiiuentJng, which 
wa^ ■i<>I appreci>t<-<l bv his master and flldcst 
bruthiT, who duclintHl on thu axpir^' of hid 
indRtilureot to tiikM him into partnerBhip. 
The Toung and enthnaioatic innturutor was 
not fortunatfl in his m'xt utrp. wlw'u lie 
ioin.'d — about. I/fil— Tiiomaa Alders and 
John llarrtfron in a small pot-worl« m 
Cliff lUntt, nenr Stoke. He ftiiccppdcd, 
indeed, in improving the tjuality and in- 
cr«asing the out-lnm of the humble p(il- 
tcry. hM hi* eopnrtners did irnT. apprtviate 
nor ad«(]ualfly f^J-imjienie tlia efforts of one 
who was so much in ndvanci' of thi'm in 
mtiuUil powt;r and artifliic perception. A 
more congenial poaitton was, however, soon 
cSuvd to him by a worthy mjuU-r-j)Olier, 
iliOtDaa Wliieldfin of Ki^nton. VVitii this 
new partner \\'edgwoad worked for itboul 
fax vi-arn, ntiti! the close of ITrif*, wliim ho 
decidtid to atart in hnrtinens on his own ac- 
coant. On Sti Dec. in that yeiir lie <>nini)p'd 
for lire vwirs the SBrricca of Thoma.i H'udg- 
wood, a second cousin, then living at Wor- 
cester, and practising there as a joiirnoymikn 
potter. Thero is no doubl, ihal the wares 
(especially those haTing^ green and tortoisc- 
sbeU glftlM) made during thu jKTiod of col- 
laboration Miwenn TliDiiiiDi Whieldon and 
Joeish Wedgwood owed much of their di»- 
tioctivB character to improvemenl* pitect.ed 
by the young potter. 

It was prxfbably during t1i« first Imlt of 
1759 thai Wedgwood, now in his iwentT- 
uinih year, beeume a maiiter-pott«r. iJia 
capital was extremely small ; but be know 
bin Btrenglh, and rentured to Itike on leuic 
a Hmttll [Hil-workfl to Huntlem, part of the 
premises belonging to his coiisitia John and 



Tbomat Wedgwood. Although thu annnal 
rent naid for this Ivv House Works was 
but 10/., this sum did not ivprL*»enl its 
market value. The kilns and biiildingtt 
won became unniual to the demandn madn 
upon tlinni. More u;commodatioii was 
wanted, aot only for an incntasiyl number of 
workmen, but hIso for carrying out the 
modem ayglem of division of labour which 
Wedgwood wn.* introducing, and for im- 
proTM meihod« of manipulation. Uut (he 
master-potter himaelf wat everything and 
everywhere, and not only superinicndeil nil 
duportnienlf, but was the bent workman in 
the place, making most of tlu' niod'-ls. pre- 
paring the misea clays, and of coursf acting 
AK elvrk and waruhoiiu-man. Vet Wedg- 
wood saw the im|io&.4ibiUty of conducting 
upon the old lines the factory- which he hail 
tvgun to develop. He cotild not tolerate 
the want of system, the dirt and the muddlii, 
which wer« common (liamcti<ristitB of the 
workers in cloy. But ^^■|JdgwoodiHt^^Idneed 
much more than method and cluanLiiifiui into 
his factory. UJMatittliiHl with the clumai- 
nesa of the ofdiiiarv crock<-ry of bin day, he 
aimed at higher finish, mor<> exact form, leM 
redundancy of niH(i:tTial. He (.indvavoured to 
modify thu crude If naive and picrurefyjuo 
decorative tmatmenl of the common waroi 
by the influenee of n cultivated tASto and of 
a wider knowledge of ornamental art. Sudi 
cltangef were not effected without some loss 
of tnofte individual and human elements 
which gave life to many of the roughor 
produer.x of Kngliih kilns during the Arven- 
leenth and einhleenth cunturios. Uut there 
was much to bo said on the Othnr side. 
Owing Id thtiir uniformity in etxe and aub- 
stance, doeens of Wedjirwftod's plates could 
be piled up without fear of coltapss front 
univ^nal preMure. In gliue and body his 
useful wares were well adapted for "their 
s^viiral piirpo>>i-j>. And then the forms and 
conlouri) of the diffi-reni piecL's showed per- 
fect adjustment to their use: lid» fitted, 
.■^poiiTs poun>d, handles could be held. AI- 
tooiigh it is not to be aMumcd that all theaB 
improvements and developmental took place 
during the fit*l few yoarK of Wedgwood's 
career as an independent manufacturer, yet 
they were bagunauring biBorcunancy of tbo 
Ivy House Work*, lliat his business rapidly 
became protitable may he concluded from 
thL< fact that iu the course of 1700. less 
than two years after Wedgwood had begun 
his labours at the Ivy tlouao Works, he 
was able to make a gift — doiibln tbnl of 
most of the ftoiulk-r inoster-pottars of Huni- 
lem— towards the entabliahini'nt of asecond 
fr<'« j^chool. And verv ?ioon nf(or this date 



'eagwoot 



I4» 



"VVediprood pai'l mncli alltintion ti% tbc Jm- 
prorentflnt of tlie meuia of nomniunicAtimi 
by ro«d in the iiotteriM, K<^'"K ^vidcmca 
before » pwliAnienUiT eommittro in 1763, 
and tubwribin^ in 17tl5 The sum of 5001. 
towards mnking^ iipw rMds. Later on h« 
took su importHnt p«n in tlie developm«nt 
of ihe local canal flratom, secinK very clearlT 
bow ncCL'ssarv fur thr traJv of tbc diMrict 



aft«r purity of malmal and finuh of fonn 
bow good fniit. Tie rapidly aciiuired »o 
thinff more ihan a looil reputation. 
{iroductf of his kiln* were CAtcontod for t 
adaptaliou to iLuir several uaes, the va; 
an<l rldgance of llittir aliapM, the deli.-., 
and aobrioty of their colouring, and ttu 
proiiri«tyoftb«irilM-aratioin. TbeaerDtnirla 
applv* wiiecUlly to thn cream warK, aftff 



fonn 

I 



vren- i-a-iy communication and rapid transit ^ ward* known as queen's ware. This waa 



of mw mati-rials and of ^ods by water na 
wall as by Innd l).'twf«*n lli" chief pUott of 
pmdaclinR nnd of distribution. 

About I76:!,wbi-ii be was sppoint«dqtt6en'» 
potU-r, Wcdpwrtiwl, Rndinj; it n^ceaMir to 
secure addiltonal accomniodniioii. rented tbt* 
Brick Ilou**-' and Wnrks in lliirsli-tn. Thi^e 
buoofiupicd tiniil tux- final n'moval tv Ktruria 
in 1773. In 17(flS 'rht>mii!t Wedjjwood, who 
had been employed in tlio fa«torv »invt> ITfiO, 
waa tmkvn into partnt-niliip. fn the f>ami> 
ypar Jnsinh XWdjrwnnd acquired for 3,00(V. 
B suitable site bi'lween lliiraUnt and 3tok^ 
upoa-TroDt for a new facti^ry and reiidoooe. 
Later on he added considerablv to tbis do- 



Dot brought to perfeclion until about ITi 
or 17(10, wbi'D the ICn§:li.«hpiiU-jili>ufBtBaca»- 
Lsuniguai» 1,1761}) and WiUiatnConkworlfay 
[q. v.] ^ I7tit() had direetnl attention to tka 
true china-clav of Cornwall. But before 
thnt dalu Wwl^fwood had sueonedi'd in im- 
prnving the texturv and colour of his crvaa 
ware, and in prnTcnlinir it« ^lau from be- 
commg tnutnl thrtiiign coatraciinnc mow 
than tlii> body after being finxi in the kiln, 
Thia la*! impnjvcment was efliM?l«l by adding 
both pijiAcUy and (ground Hint to iIm lpa3 
coinpinitid previously uaed alone for nUxin^ 
porpoaes. But Wedgwood's «irly advancee 
were not oonfined to cream ware, lie 
turned his attention to th« ItlHck conipo«iti 



tnain. and biidt thorcon for his workmen a . . . _^ 

villngii, to which h« gave th« name Ecniria, | known as Egyptian black, a rou^tli prodii 
aa well >j the raaiisiou Ktmria Halt and an which, under the iu\nm of black baaalti 



BxtannTO and well-tH|uippLd \v>\ -workn. Tiie 
new Etniria faclorv wiw mwued on Kt Junf 
17fi9,.i««ttenTfiftr»ftfVerAVfldffWfK)dIiad first 
started in buflineu entirely on hit own a«- 
count. DnubtlfHW the «ale of nw-ful war-- 
HH distinf^iMiKll from omnmentsl furnished 
Wedflrwood with the fund* nt hin ili<>{KiKal. 
For dnrinf; the decode 17*i9-(10 Ii*" had bis-n 
coulinuBlly impnaving the cream -coloured 
earthenware, lui well aa several oilier ceramic 
bodies of less importanci-. \Vvd(,'woo«l, we 
know, WM wall iicquninlfid with what other 
pottera in l-'iifrland had alrucidy acliiuved. 
The inj(eniou^ prfwewn-* and beautiful pro- 
dLCtinns of John Philip Elers [q. v.] were 
familiar to him ; ho u^ed tin- »lip-kilii intro- 
duced by lUlph Shnw, the liquid glaze or 
dip* employed bv Knoch Ronlh, and the 

Cr«r-of.ijftrui moulds ch-soribcd by Ralph 
iel. >]nny piilviit'il and aecrel processes 
connected with the ceramic industry had 
been dfiT-iaed in thd forty ycara 17iiO-flO. 
Wedgwood ndoptwl or impnived mnuv of 
them, adding nnvpl elements dt'rivcd i'rom 
bis own careful and num"n)U'< Bi:[»erime«t», 
and from his own acute powers of obaenrar 
tion. Wedgwood was not a grwat chomitt 
in tjie modem sense, for chemistry in hisdav 
waa very imperfectly developed. But his 
t riala of metlioJs niul rantcrial.i WCf Cflrrjed 



nuirnl in Wedgwood's hands a richer h 
ner K''^"*' ""d n smoother surface, 
density wa.9 bi^li (ifO). and it took a floa 

E>li»b on the lapidary's wheel. Of it were 
shioned mnnv objects ^if decoration, sswoll 
a* of utility, f iikMiknd^, M>al^ tea equipega, 
saLt<ce)lani, candlesticks, life-MM busts, TSM^ 
rvlit'f-plajjuea. and medallion portraits of 
'illuKtriiiun ancients and modems werenada 
ill thi.4 body, which wasflometimee d«oni 
with - encaustic' cotoure, silvering, gildl 
or bronzing. The encaii^tic colours w 
onsmeU without (rlose. aad were emplo; 
cbieliy on black baaalt vam^s imitative* 
Gre<-k work. Although the examplus avail- 
able for copying generally beloiigi-d lo a 
period of -[Hjot art : and although the eSWt 
of the encnualic crdoun woa oReti mamd 
by weak drawing and a vulgar modt-rnitT of 
*lyli-, utill ihe body was choicer and the 
potting TOor*> accomplished th.in uny simiiat 
work done by Wedgwood's iminediai^ pre- 
dece<«on. Besides cream •colouiv>d eanben- 
ware and black basnltce, another ware im- 
provc-d by Wedgwood wa» tie Tariegatisd oi 
marbled. This was of two kinds, one colouiw! 
throughout it* entire substance by meana of 
the association, in raiioua twiatingH and 
folding*, of two or more clays fauniing to 
different hue.-* in the kiln. This kind of 



lie J 

ii<^H 

i 



out in the cThaurtirw •pirit of true f'cicn.iiUc ware, though improved during hia panniiN 
Inquiry, and brought about many improve- shin with Wliieluon, cannot bit regarded a* 
ments. Hib goad tasti; and hia endeavour , a churac1«riiilic product of Wedgwood's U* 




botif*. But with tbeotlier kind of varit-g^ted { 
ware tha case ia different. This wu crcKtn 
wanvor l«t«roii akinf] of C'Lodl' WBri'.irtvan- 
larlr am] jMChirr-.-iiiUKly veinwl iiud mottled 
merBly an the eurfuce in imitiitimiof v«riou» 
kinlsof |{niiiit», porphyry, jiupcr, »)pcl<-, and 
msrble. It wu Inrgdy nwcl for rases, aad 
W13 distinctly in advane* of anything pn- 
Tiouftly pttxtiiciid in this direction. A fnnrlh 
eerumic body nmdf by Wwistn-ood was pn.i- 
bftbly a ncvr dt-partiinN It was a kind nf 
UOf^uod i«mt-i)<>rc>.-lBi)i, ueod occbsiantiUy 
for the plinthii ot' CQarblMl vaaes and for 
«ulv portntt-mediiUioDii. It pottMHd a 
awAml d«ffrM of tnnitlucwncy and ft amootb 
mxen suriaca ; but its u^efuIneAS vas Im- 
MtUfd by a t«ndoncy to wnrp luid crack in 
firiof;, and hy the dulne.<M and yellowi.ih 
OMt oif its white. Ite pUcp was lak(>D, and 
more than fillcfl, in atirr y>mn« bv t)ie 
g r aa t fltt invenlire triumiib aTnoctf nil AA'edfT- 
wood'a improved waNa, tlic jaKpiT body. 
Of tSuB more mu«t be raid prft>4.'nily, now 
Qoe mtwt b» content with the brtrv mention 
of a fift-h ware — the varioiu kinds of tem- 
ootta, cane^oloiir, bamboo, bricli-red, chocrf 
late, and saf^^en. Thest? wf re of^eii uKtid 
in relief of one hiiv upon ii ijround of 
fliioth'^r. 

At the time (1766) whun A\\«dBWf<"»d wns 
deeply oivupifd with ihi- foiiniiinj? of the 
new ktruria, many other important mntterfi 
cn^af^d his attention. Anions t]i«w tliw 
extension of the canal aystetn tohift locality 
otuiht t'> bo named. Wedtrwood'a in- 
defatijofable efTorta, with bis knowlpdjpe 
of th« nquirmnenU of ihv polu-riea' dis- 
trict, luid bnen of g;n>at ust' in A>?ttlin^ sec- 
tions of the flnnd Trunk raiial. In provinK 
thf w«AknrJu> of rival .tohemAtt, and in gnin- 
ififf the appTOTftl of i>>riaii] landowners. He 
Wft« in frequent coniiidtHtion with .(atnfN 
BtindJcy fq. v.", the. enpnecr, nnil with 
l-nmcia Egerton, third duke of Rridgi— 
ivuter [a. v.]: while his friends Km^nnift 
1>BrwiD [q. r.] and Tboinn^ Ik'ntley HiUI- 
^7^<l))'q.V.] helped Uia efforts by ovi donee 
and in writtnus and conft-renCL'^ whi.fiiilH! 
Ijill w«*undiTdi.vtiAAiim by a pariiamentarr 
committet-. Finnllv thf act reooiwd thu 
myal assent on 14'>[uy 1760. Thn Tn-nt 
and Merih'y Canal, wliich was opt^ned in 
1777, and of which Josiali Wedgwuod wa« 
first tre-aBiirtr, pai.'ied tkrongb thi- Rtniria 
Mtato and proved, as \^'odpwood fore*iiiw,of 
tmunnoufi benefit to the thief locti) intliiktry. 
Another maltfir ja^e*()iU(3troublu to H\-dii;- 
wood about th^aametirae. liiaLondonshonr- 
room in Charlca Stn«t, GroBVcnor 3(innrv;. 
proved innd«<|Wit« (and wim indeed cloitrfil in 
t»ctobftr l"ti6),and it waa not until August 



I76H that larger premiMC werr aocurod iti 
Xewpon Street, St. Martin's I^ane. Just 
b«forv thia, on 'JS May, Wod^ood had 
his right leu aoiputatt-d, f^reiiei^ini; that thin 
uwli'Bs and often painful tnomber would 

firovf a Dcrtniis tmcnmbrnnct:' in his en- 
iiTiTcd sphere of work at Ktniria. and on 
14 Nov. of the Mtne year tenns of partner- 
ship weri; finnlly nrrangfod bi-twccn Jasiab 
\\'edjiwooil and Thomas Beniley, the latter 
aoqoirinf^un equal ahan^ in th« profits arising 
from llie soleof omomnntul nsdistin^itshLnlj 
from nsoful ware. Wedpwood's letters «y 
Uenlley rowal lUti writer's appreostiaD 
bis partner'a great aerricvs to tlw bonoMO,' 
and show the innate refinement and amia- 
bility of Wed^ood'a mind iiud cbamcier. 

The mit-tnm and sale of The prodncla of 
\\'edjiw(K)d"» factory ((r«iitly increased after 
the opening of tbo Ktriina work* in l""ia. 
Theomameotal as well as tb'! useful wan! 
bcoarni; bAtt-or and better know-n and a)>- 
preciated, not only in t^ogUnd but on ihti 
continent, lint as yet the moat original 
and moitl distinctivo of tho ceramic liodies 
invented by Wedgwood had not liei'n 
produci-d. He -vraa endearouring to roni- 
pound a pa«le of ftan lextiirn allie<l to Iruv 
pnr(;ulain, but endued with certain nro- 
pprtics, which no burd or soft china 
pn'vinufily made bad posM^^Ai'd. lie foundl 
tile very sobstaiLce required io certain mine- 
ral ('umpoiuuU of the e&nb baryta. Thv 
distinctive cliaractcr nfthis cartb smma to 
have been tint made out in IT7i^ by 
[iuyron dc Mon-eau, while William Wilher- 
ing [q. v.] four year* aftfi-wnrds rvcugnised 
the same base m a mineral ciirbonaii: fniui 
Lt«d-hills, LnnarkabJni. But M'edifwo'jd 
M) early as 1773 wa.t making triaU of both 
theeu uintTals. Uu was punled by the 
apparontlv aipHcioua b<*haviiiiir of Ihewe two 
c'ompnimde, but learnt when; to obtain and 
how to rvcotrnise the more important of the 
two. tbf siilphaft> of bairtft or cawk. which 
became henceforth the chief and characl eris- 
tic con«titHrnt of his 'jasper,' although a 
•>ion[l quimiiiv of lbi< carbonate of baryta 
WAR occasionally added to the mixture. (»ne 
of Wedgwood's early r«cipw for this new 
jasptir l»ody, when trnnialntird inin ncrcen- 
lagi^s, approaches these figures — flulphal« of 
bfirrfca W, clay 29. flint 10, and corbonate 
of baryta '2. Within nitbi»r wider limits 
these proportions were varied with corre- 
itpnndlng varintions in the prnjicrties, 
texture, and appearanceof the product. But 
l!i« product was a ceramic novelty, a 
emi^th panto of exquisite toxture, without 
pm^itive glawt, yet no compiiict as to admit of 
bc;iiig poliEhcd, like natiTc jasfier, on the 



Wedgwood 



»44 



I'edgwood 



lapidnry'H wheel; nf rarying degMU of 
ftub-tip&city to Lrnnsluovticy, mmvUntM ft 
<]«ad whif, *)in-*(inif« o( •n ivory lioi*. 
But its chiftf cliarni was derivt-il from lU 
beliaviour in the liiln with ciTlJiin molnllii'. 
oxidM. By neaiui of tht-He th*- jasphr body 
Oould be stained or coloured of Tariou* 
exquisite hnps oitber on it« Aiirfai^f^layer or 
tlirougbout its aab«tanc«. The oxide, 
-nhetlif r that of Mbalt for blur, of man^- 
nuse fur tiluct u( iron for yellow, of iron an J 
of cobalt fur green, did not form a layer 
{bb with etianiol on ]M>r<.'uliun) lyiiin m uti 
•dhereni filtn u]x>ii tb» pa.<itt-, but became 
tboroilgbly incirpomced with the materiuL 
t-o which it was applied- But th«rn w*re 
two method* of employing tlie chromatic 
coostilnent : it might bo tninglvd uniformly 
wilb the body, forminir «olid ja^er, nr it 
might be tued a* & vasa upon the Etirfaee, 
ihua conatitutiof; jasper dip. The Iftt^r 
metliod vrus Invented in 1777, but ume 
into (r«tie™l uiw after the death of Bimtley 
in 17rlU; ifimiitlmfM, aa in ia.-<pt.>r ^rap and 
chtiqtwr wuTk, both tnnthixU went used on 
the name piece. Jiwpor vrfut emplorod in 
the productian of an imuinruin vanely of 
objects, portrait and otbi<r mudallions and 
plaques, lea and cofTw SfU, ■nll-o-lliirn, Imib 
nndHower-poTA, lumps undrandleatifrkfl, bpU- 
pulls, »L'unt-holl!ea, chewtnen, and last and 
inottes(««niedor all,nmn.iiifTital Tflse*. Tbo 
putA in relief, BeniTally of whitp jaaiipr, 
wort) soparatoly formed in moulds and tlien 
Ktlixed to the coloiin-d Iwdy. tTwially before 
firing, but sutnt-timijs after, corrections, un- 
df-reiitliii^, and further modellinft could be 
givtio lo ite rtliiifs, and tbua it happens that 
m many imrtniit i^anieoa, plnqiieaandvaaes, 
ih^Tfl im) vsriatioiiB of l'xchIIouco btlwycu 
different coiw" from the sjijne mould. This 
rcmartt Appliea partiL-uUrly to ihu larger 
aud more important pii^**, hucIi for iii- 
Alancs as Wwlgwond'n rRmarkable poprodat:- 
tion in jOAp^r of the antupm rUimi cnmeo 
vaae known as the Barbi'riTii or I'nrtbind 
Vhse, No two copies of the very limited 
ori|pn>Ll is-iue (about 1760) of this vue are 
exactly alike, tli« dift'erenceh not beins con- 
fined to colour of the ground and quality of 
the whitfl reliefs, but extending to the 
mtxlellinp and finifli of I lie .'.iirfaces of the 
figuro*. WedfTWiiod's original price for bin 
best copifi'* was fifty ^jomidji, a num which 
has been (greatly excfwdDd in recent years, 
whon copies have been sold for 173/., 
199/. 10*., and 215/. 6*. It may he hfife a<lded 
tbnt a |u8pcr tablet, tlB incites by 11 inches, 
asacri^ce to Hymen, produci-d in 1787, wa.* 
sold in 1880 for no 1«S6 a sum than IIG^ 
But the highieat figure reach«.>d by a piece of ^ 




{'a«per \rar«! wait in 1877, wlum a 
ilacic and while jaKjtet^ip vase, de 
with thn di-3>iiin of the ' ApotbvoM tt 
Homer.' fetched, with itit pb<l««i«], no Im 
than 7:t.V. It should be not^d that W«a^ 
wood fnmuently poli^W-d on the wbeei iw 
vigo of his cameo*, and occasiooally fr«a 
the grounds or fields of hia amallcst pitfltl 
thus clottely imitaituig Uie appearsaoe d 
natural engraved atones. 

It must not bo thoujitht that Wedgwood'i 
ener^tea nvre conis«ntr«t»^ upon oimitsiwIJ 
ufomum«nt&l pottery, or that he Guled u 
d>?velop th-? [in^'birtioii of uM>riil wan. H>* 
CAtaloguea wen- indeed conhnrd to dtwn- 
tiru piece*, but tlieir ext*>nsive distribuliot, 
not. only in Knjiliih, hut in Fivnch, Dutch, 
and tjerman translal ions, drvw aiti>nti(nit« 
his productions, such u ht« dinner aarvica, 
which became extremely |Mpular ull vnt 
Europe. WivlpfwoiKl'aagenta were geaerallT 
aclivu ill obiuining oruBK for bout uufol 
and oniametitiU wai««, whtl«> homii uil 
forcipn patronage, royal, nnhlf, or di«tiii- 
gui(tU>-i3, greatly Mt«ndeil his i^pwatioo 
and h'jn biuineas. Tlie two dinner aerrioa 
fini«liiHl in 1774 for the Kroprasa Oatbe> 
rinp II of RuS'tiA mnsifttt-d of 95:; piece*, tf 
cruatn -coloured wara, the decoratiMk vf 
whii^h, in enamel with Enfflisb viewi mi 
with ornamental leaf borders, add«d a luo 
of over )i,000l. to the original cost of Uu 
plain itervicM, which wu under hSl. 

Wedjrwood's deai^a were dnwn fma 
numerous aourc«A. Engraving ca^tit fraiB 
antiqiii; and rvnais«ance ^ma, the origiiial 
work of many neulpiors. Kttgli»h as wul u 
fomigu, such as Jolut Haxman, I^ K. Raa- 
tiiliair, llfnry \Vrhl»T, William Hadnrood. 
.Iiimee Ts&sie, Keeling, HoUing*hc«d, and 
i'lieetti, with devij^is lakoi direct ftvm an* 
cient vaae» and sculptureii, furnished abua- 
djince of material. But ^V'edgwood «rw 
more than a mere chooser and cmploTeror 
artists, a mere translator intoolay of doelgn* 
madii by other hands in other inalnrials, s 
mere copitr of tlu- antique. He pocscwri 
^roiit power of nda|)talton, ntid an inwolirv 
faculty, which njvenled itaelf not only ia 
new material]* and utsyv method*, but in tb« 
origination of new forms. Into hit scltvlcd 
dnMiniiit, oriKinal or derivative, he infusoi 
something of his spirit and temper, auil 
combined, wherever posedble, beauty and 
utility. I lilt work wiu distinguished by 
reticence in form and colour, and thai 
olTerod a marked contrast to the cotUem- 
porary productions of Cfaflsea and Wftf> 
ccsfer. In fact, no otlitir potter of moien 
limes .MJ tiuccoMfuIly welded into one har- 
monious wholi;t.hi> priise and the poelr^^ 




AVedgwood 



MS 



^^'"edgwood 



tile c^nmic nrt. Evi^n it Ue hiM left us no 
wurk« whicli w« ciiii call wlioUy hi* own, 
we hniiw that Iil- wn^ a p^aeti(^4l thrower. 
Hti vxporL moOdlur uiul uu itigffniuui< ilu- 
aignvr of new Hliiijifit ; itnd thul liia 9«li«» 
{if bcftuty, his power of tm&giuuiiou, bit 
sbrewdtwss, dkill, furoni^lil, p.'r*i:vrran(ri; 
•ndknnvlei^i^ftii&bli^hini tontuiin.insmte 
oftheftbaenceofKboolWniing.mifiltojfi'thiT 
aniquo position. Hi" oom]>nnion*liin und n<]- 
vicirwepe ■ounlii l>y mifii wf I he biKii^*' cnl- 
tivatian. Bui Iiik rrputAtion in bi« own rlny 
and in bie own m-iglibourboixi wax liui-. nvl 
only to appTMiatioii of thi>work whicb was 
tbc mniii necupfttion of hts lifL-, bill tn tbi' 
([(■nvnikiiy, puulio )>|>inC, and high [lerMtiial 
rhanuter, wliic-h were tn conspicuous io 
Wedgwwod. Thw moiit nttrnclivo juxiibicti' 
of bi» kilns were intitftled, iiomF>Tim<M wilb a 
fsir mrasiue of success, by a host of polt«r« 
during the lut. qu&Tt«r nl* the i-ij[bT>>'Hith 
ecutury and the fir^t (juarter of ihe uiiie- 
t««nt<h, but themeritof initiutini^andcArrr- 
inf^ nut on D Ttry lar^ Kale n gnrat tet^- 
niral ami arti-ilic developuieut of Kngliiib 
uarthenwiLn' ri'mnintt vrith Wvdtrn'outI, UU 
proddclioni, with Ihoiie of hiR immeduiLA 
pred^fAvm, bis contamponriflB, his rival», 
imitntopk HndsucC6noT«iSbQuld b« compart 
tod conirasti^il not only in Biich nuhlic col- 
lections as tboK" of the South hen§in((ton 
Miueiim, tJi0 Mui^umof Pmcticul firtAlopy, 
md the Briliab Miiivutu, in I^ndon, hut 
alw by tbp Btiidy of thp Tan^ive Colli»clion 
at Rirminchiim, thi* Mftyer ColUcfion nt 
IJveruool,ibe llulme Collection ntllunlfUi, 
and toe JoMpb CoUection in Nottingham 
Uitftlo. 

WedflTwooii'a coniributiona to literature 
(otJier llion pri\-nle k'ttere) nn few. ThtTy 
is coond cominonHtciiNi^ in hit* ' Addmiu to 
tbe Youn^ TnbabitaiitH of tli't Poiu^ry.' pub- 
lish*^ in 1T8S on liw ocrasioJi of brpsd 
riott, and in nnntliiT <>piHtlft to workmen 
n>Iating to their ent^riof the K>rvic«> of 
foreign inannfactiir«r>. ]Ii« r»Diarl<» on 
tbi* ban-reltefi of tbe Portland vase are not 
valuable, while hla criticism (l77o) of 
Hicbard Champion'* pulition fur nu cx< 
teuaion of a patient t^ir loakinx p'lircr-lain 
would bare been dilTianmtly -worded had 
h* Imsb anqu«int«d with thn n-al miTitsof 
Ohampion'e cs« (for a rerit-w of the inarf«r, 
•ee Hroii Owes'h Tico Cmturies of Ceramic 
Art in liriiitol, \n7:y pp. 1 J9-JSI>.' 

On WJHti. I7^;J AmJuwood was elected 
« fellow of the Uoyjil Society. !]■? contri- 
buted two papeni on chemical subjects Io 
the * Phdosophical Transact ions' (17SJ and 
1~9I>), and timw I'iii 1782, 17&4, and 17^) 
on Lbe conjilraction aiid iu« of a pyn>* 

VOL. LX. 



meC4tr, an inpiiioii(t invention for determine 
iuf; and re^Merin^ bigb tumpvraturvs by ibti 
m«a«iin!mfnt. of the shriakogi' suiri^red by 
cylindersof prvparvd clay in thefumttWoV 
kiln. This metboj, thuugh utill t-mplnytv] in 
•ome iJOtiwies, uffimlg irr^^rular rtoiillii. On 
4 -May 1786 \Vedgwr»id nrn^ elected a fellow 
yf tut' ijociety of Anii(i\iari.'ii. ITt) ex- 
btbilttd to tbti sociwly on tf May 1790 an 
I'arly copy of thts Rarbt^rinl Ta«P and read a 
papT tlienson. In Ihe aamo year he retired 
from w>me of tTie mon^ ardiiotu duties of his 
business. Diiriofr t'''» "ud the tlir^-i.' subev- 
qui>nt fcAfft his bealtb ravH frmgiifnl >^c- 
casiooB for anxiety to bii^ frii^ndH, but he 
was able Io entertain a «ucoiu>i>ii>n of con- 
genial vieltora at Etruria Hall, To make 
longer tixcurslimv from home than before, 
nod to divert himself by improvini? his 
iTTounds nnil by collectinjf books., eiigrav- 
inga and objt-f^u of nntnrul hiatort'' But 
al>er u brief illness, the nature of which 
ndmitteil from the outset of no hope of 
recovery, Jotiialt Wedgwood died at Einiria 
Hall on 3 Jan. 17U6,at tlieageof «iIv-fotir. 
His gTEve a in Sioko-un-Tn,>nt churchyard ; 
in tbe chancel there is a inonumi-nt to his 
memory by Flnxrann, with nn iiifurripiion. 
which 1 r\[s iiH thai, br ' roiiverled a rude ana 
inconsidcnible mnnufactoTy inio an filef^ut 
art and an itnpfjrtani: part of national 
commerce.' Wwlgwood left more than 
half a million of money besidi's liia largo 
and flourisliiiig business. His will, made Oil 
:i Not. 1 "ii;i, wna provod on '2 July 1795 
(P. C. C. 484 Newcastle), lie dividi^d his 
substance mainly among hia childn'U, but 
did not forget tbe aMiilojit who, since 17^1, 
luid helped him in hi* scientiiic wurk, 
leaving' to Alexander Chiaholm an annuity 
of '20i., an immediate g:ifl of tcm );uiiiefts 'm 
a testimony of regard;' and further dwring 
liix ' son Jokinh To make tlio remainder of bis 
lifi' ejLiy and coraforiahifl." 

On '2li Jan. 17tI4, at Astbury in Cheshire, 
W't-'Irw'iod married SiinJi U'ed^wood, 
daughter of Iticltard N\'edi;wood of iiwn 
Orecu, Cheshire. Mrs. Wedgwood and her 
husband were cousins in the (bird dugre>e, 
their common Kreat-grenl-graiidfathyr beinu 
the Gilbert Hedjrwood previously nanieiL 
Sill) wait b(irn on 18 An^. 1734, nnd died oil 
16 Jan. ISlfi, From the union there S[irAn){ 
seven children, three sons and four duugh- 
ters. The eldi>itt cbih), SuMuinuh, married 
Kobert Waring Darwin, son of Dr. F>afimui4 
Uarwin [q. v.], and father of L'harles l^ibert 
Durwiti \i\. C.j Wedgwood's lliird son, 
Thom&A, iM noticed separately. His swond 
s(in, JoAiah,hud nine children. One of thesti 
WM Henaleigh Wedgwood [q. v.j, matliema- 

I. 




tteiso aud pliilulujfist : a diiug!it>jr, Eitmii, 
married hiT timt <-<iiiitin,C'liiirIc.H Robert Dftr- 
win. The works at Flniri* aro etUl carri«d 
on 1>T u irniti'Jsnn nnd ollwr ilc*C«»tUut* of 
the w'ound JoAinh Wedgwood. 

A pi:»ail portrait of Wpdjfwood, pumlifd in 
178S by ^ir Josbun Rcynoldw. now beloogn 
to MU* WcdgwcNKl of l^^illi llilt riace, 
Dorking ; it hue bc«n twice enpntTcd, onoc 
in uiuziocint by S. W. H'-vnoM*. TfisKwl 
of Crawford owns an i«rly opy in oil by 
Jolin Itisiog. Uworg« Stul)bs paint«d iu 
oil a fmnilr piriniv with iiinf lif(ur^s, four 
{ming on horsehnrk, alio n large porl rait in 
oiiritnL'l on earthL-nwnre ; both thvsv works 
ar.^ now in the iKWMMion of Mr. Oodfi^>y 
Wedffwood. A i-orimit of Wedgwood on 
horsAUCkiftbto paint L-d in rtinntvlDQ cart tun- 
ware, is owiiedfby Lord Twt.-edtnoulh ; an 
cnffTaving of this niemn? U girfu in F. 
Itathbone's 'Old M'ljdffwotMi.' A citmi-o 
medal linn •portrnit, iwitli'll'-d by William 
Huckwood, rras mndo nt Ktniria. On thp 
mouiinipnl in Stok'xjn-Trpn' church tlicr>' 
is a prMtthuTnoiiH relief by Flaxmnn. while 
there is a modem btist oy Fontona in the 
Wfldzwood SU-raorial Ia«titi)1o at niir8l«m 
(fomided J803). A broazeelaiueof Wedg- 
wood is at t^toka close to the railway 
atation; it is thu work of Mr. K. Davia, of 
liondon. Il in bHli»>'d lUsI u wax cameo 
portrait of Wedgwood wasetecutcd shortly 
aft«r ITSl by Eli-y ticornto Mount !i[v|>li(.'u. 

[Aipi^ii^ tlie courc«> u^ in preparing this 
mfttnoir am JUntojanl's Lifo of Joaiab Wedg- 
wood, ISfl.i; Ward'" Rwronnh of Slokp-nnon- 
Treril, ISI3; n.myVOu. i.if Liverpool Art Club 
Loan Colloctinn, 1S7B: V. lt>ubbon«'n Cat. of 
the OeiiteniLry Kxbibitjnn .it Unralnm, IBSA; 
Chareh'a I'urifultu MonoKntpli ou Joviah 
Vodjfwoad, 1894. TheSCAflbrd i\<lrertiin-of 
29 JAIto ISOA ennlainx an nerounlof llii^ pro- i 
nedloga at Buraleiii M tbe mutnnry of JosJah 
Wtdfcwood'fl dcallu] A. H. C. 

WEDGWOOD, THOMAS (1771 -1H051. 
the llr^l iihoiograpbvr. born at KtruriaHall. 
StAftbrdsliirf, on 14 May 1771. was the third 
suiriviog sou of Josijili Wi)(l(fwood [q. v.] 
He Wft»*-dticat<r(l almo5>t i-iitiri*lv a1 linmi-, 
but spent a few termFt at Edini>nrgli llni- 
^*«rBity between 17f*7 and ITi^P. For a very 
■hnrt wbiV bf workM enrrjiieticAlly at tbe 
potteries, but was soan compelled by bad 
hB&tth to lead a wnnd'^rin):; life in vain 
(oiireh of curp. 

Tbe name of TliomM WedjTwood is chiefly 
remembered in conncet ion wtthphotO(p"npliy- 
It bad long K'^n kmnvn that nitratn and 
ehlnride of silver nrp affected by light under 
certain conditions, but tbi* id«« of tnakinf; 
practical use of this property does lUt a&om 




lo hai i; vcournid to any one beroi*' it oocurred 
to WedfOik'Oad. hi t lie ■ Journal nf I hf Rnyi ' 
' Instttittion of Great Britain ' for IWfi? we lir 
' ' An Account of a Mothml of ctipyint; I'aii 
! inj^ upon fiWs and of making Pfililc^ 
the a^^ncy nf Light upon Nitrat« of Silv*j 
inrt-ntcd by T. W'-dfrwood, cwj., with 01 
B»rvationsby lI.Davy ' V-elJAvr.SiB Hi7i 
phiit'. Wedf^wood showed that a copy 
a itilbouclle of anyobjeci could be obtauie 
when its shadow was thrown nn a piw i 
nhitt.' paper or Iputhcr which bad bet-n sensfc 
tisnl by beinff mniM>*n«d with nitmt<* 
silver. In a similar manner a silhouette 
a piclun- naint>.'d on glass conld be ot 
tained by placmg thn ^lasa in tb4.' ligtit 
th(> sun 'ipon ibe sensitised surface. T 
' primary t-nd ' of hi* i-\periiD(*nt« w*» lo ol 
tain photographic in a camera obwium, but i 
thi<* endeavour ht- was unsuccessful, sa ni; 
elTvct could bu ohininvd ' in anr moderate 
time,' Motwover he failed to diACOvrr 
mvlhod of Gxiuff bis picture, and the cnpie 
madti had to b» kept in ibi; dark. Mu 
Mefeyard iritw to coitnect the Dagur 
whose nam*) is known in couaeclion wit 
the Daeiiermtype, with a cii>rtain Hagiiei 
with wbom Joaiah Wcdgn-ood had businewj 
dealing*, and in lhi« way to Irac« back ib 
origin of thene early French pliotogrnphit 
invculioni to Thoma« Wedgwood; but it ii 
proboblc that tlwrc i» no juntification what- 
ever for ihes** »nnnises. Although Wi ' 
wood failed to discover a practical nhotc 
graphic j)^x;•^-lD), to him appears to hv di 
tbe credit of lirst conceiving and imbliithinq 
the ides of utiliKing iha cneuicai action 
light fort hepurixiiti- of making piclur>>s,Mt]ie 
by conlacE nr m the rnnii-ra, and of t«kif 
itie first step* towards tbe rvaliHation of 
project [^pi-T* I, ani.Wrt.uiM Uesht FoxV 
On his father's death in I7Uo Wi-dgwood 
inlicritwl n eonaiderable properly, and 
much of hi» fortuiu' in aiding men of g>eniu&.1 
When in 171W Samuel Taylor (.'-oleridge wa« 
a candidut'; for the piieloral charge of the 
iinirnrinii cliapel at Shrewshurr, in onW t< 
enable him to devote himself entirely U 
iibilonojibv and pof'try Wudf^wood and his 
omther offT^ nim an annaily of LilU* 
year, the value of the emolument, the pro- 
itnrtcr of which hf> abandoned by acceptini 
ttiis offer. Thomas \V edgn'ood's half ofllMj 
annuity waa secured legally to Colaridgio fo 
life. Sir .John \a-»Vw [tj. v.l, whose ac- 
quaintance hf m&ile at Edinburgh, was alvn 
assi»t«d in a »rmi1ar manner. Dnring tJ>e 
iilarni tif invaxtun in 1803 and 18l>l ha^ 
equipped at his own expfina4> a forps at' 
volunteer* rat««(l in t he country lound L Ue*- 
wftter. They wen- known u tlra 'L(>ya! 



Wccdall 



»47 



Weedall 



Wedf*romI VoluntoL-rB.' T\m last eight or 
niiw yvcisof Wed^'ood's sliort UfKW«t« nn 
inoesaant alruggile vrilh diM!{i«>. He died al 
EBctburr. 1>or«el, od 10 July 1805. 

IVrhhim thft maxl striking tribiitw to 
Wedjrwood is that of Sydney ymitli wlwEi 
hf tuiid that he knew ' n<» man who appesTK 
tn have road^ aiich an impression on liis 
friendK,' and his fri^n'U inL-liK!>:?>) mtiny 'j^ 
tbft loadinfT m(>n rtf inrHlct-t of iIj>> ilny. He 
pavf> W'ordswortb * an imprea*ii:iii of sub- 
limity.' Tbomu CiuiipboU aponfas of him as 
■ 'timnfTi- and wotiilvrful boing . . . full of 
{{OodntiM, bena vole net? ... a man of won- 
dcrful talents, a tacr uf tiuitv arut« be- 
vond diwcriptitm.' Hin opiniiKiK wi-re to Sir 
Iliimphry thtvy as ' a wcrpT- tnmsurf.'and 
oft>!D. h« said, eTialiU'd him to ihiiilc richtly 
tvhij-n pivrhnpA ntlicrwiKe hn wniilii linvr 
lhou(;h* wrongly. Thomas Poole wrotu o! 
W«d^*ood that ho ' vu a man who mixod 
«ublitiii! and oomprehensivB views of general 
■ystema with an acuteness of search into the 
minulLin of the detail* of e&oh bi-rotid any 
pvrvon h*- nve-t mirt. with/ 

Aa m ColeriiljfB'fl praiflpa wt- may jiiThapfl 
he tJ'QtpUs) to discount th<-m, thoiij^h hu d'j- 
eURtd, «rid«nt1y alladinir to the annnity, 
tbatWedK^ood was not ' teso the iKnefsctor 
of his int«>lWf.' It U, however, to bi? r»- 
gretted thai the 'full portrait of his friend's 
mind and chftnict«,' wrilt»n by Ojleriiise, 
is lo«t, and ol«t> thiiT Sir .I«mi'* M«cliiiiun«h 
nevvr carrk-J "ut hie intention of pnbliith- ^ 
ing NVod^ood's speculations, and at thm 
nm» time of ehowiug 'how bright u philu- 
Mphical eeniui vent out when the life of 
that feeble bojy was extinguiflhud.' 

Wedj{«'0<¥!'i> iiidy writ iiijrn are two papiTu 
on the * Production of M^ht from dinen^nt 
Bodinbr Il?at andbyAttrition.'rFadbffore 
thti Rovh) Society in J7!H and I79'i, in wliii^h 
we Unci the earliwit HiipK««tion of th? tceneral 
law, since (ifltablishcd, that all bodies be- 
oonw red hot nt tb« Mme tempontuTC. They 
are remarkable as indicatinf; a considerable 
power of rosMrcfa when Iwi was only twouty 
y(<at« of age. 

IPhil. Tmjw. Koyal tiff. I79'i . Mel^yatvVa 
Qnmput Hnglimlimiui; M<>t«jra'ilsIJr«of Josiali ' 
Wadirwootl : CampbvU'B Ufe of S. T. Colcrid^; 
Bandford'sThomiuCookftmlhi:* l-'ricnilfl; Pans'ii 
Irffn of Thiry; Bmltie'x I.ifn ntii] I«ll4>rs of 
Thomas CumpMl ; 0)l«Ti:li;r'* Friend, 18(0, \ 
i. 190: infarmatiou kiuilly girca by It. B. 
Litchfield. c>9.] L. J). I 

WEEDALL, HFA'RY C178fi-185fl>. pre- 
sident of >fi. Mary's College, Oscoti, born in 
Li>nd.>non tl^^pt. 17^8, wassonof u-madicul 
prartitioner who had bwn at Dnttuy Collt'i^u \ 
with Johu Milner [q. v.], bishop of CVntu- | 



bala. At ihu age of six ynan he was wmt 
to ths whool at SedBley Park, and thero 
he remained for nine year* and a half. 
Heinjj dostiucil fur thu prifsthooil, hu con- 
tinued his coiirrtft at fit. M»ry'n CloUege, 
Ok-'oII, and was nrdained pri4St by Bishop 
Miliier at WolTiThumpton on ({ April iyi4. 
He taught claasicH in rht> colIfgL- for some 
ynnm, and in. 1818 he became its vice- 
pre-tident and profi'ssor of theolofcy. AfUr^ 
wards he wa« appointed actiofi prosidont of 
the collcpo, and he became ahsolnlv presi- 
dent in \62fi. Ho woe alio chosen u cnnon 
of the English chapter, and mndt' vicar- 
generul to Bidiup Thomas Walsh, vicur- 
apostolic of the midland ili«trict. lie was 
cniat*d ll.D. by l.in Xfl in January ItR?!). 
l)unri(( his prt»id«n<;y the new lmildin;;s at 
0»!oti were erecli'^I, and his natnc- is inti- 
nintelr associated with that college and 
aeminarv, whiTe he upent more than forty 
years of Jiis life. 

In 184U he wan nominated biidiop of 
Abydos in partibtu, and vicar-apostnljc of 
the new northern dutrict of Kngland, but be 
went to llomi' and obtained a relpfl.Hc from 
the Bpjxii 111 meat. In June 1813 he took 
charge of the mission at Ijcamington. Buiug 
called lo 8l. Chad'K, Birmingham, hti waa 
made vicar-ffcnpnil and d«sn of the cnth>-* 
dml. ^oo oft-jrwanls ha retired to thi' 
canvi^nt «l Hsudiiworth, near Dimint'ham. 
H'i' wn-1 appointrti orovoet of Biniiinjrlium, 
and hf asxisted at tLe first C<JUiicil of Weflt. 
min^tt-r, In Jnly li*.')3 he wfli*n;in<il«ted as' 
nrcMid.-nt wf <.>«;ott College, and on 9 Mar 
1 K5i he was named by l*iiis IX n monsi^o'r 
of the Nt-coud rank, aa domestic prolate of 
his Ilo1iness,',heintflhiiMnntitl«d to the stylo 
of'right ruvureml.' He died at Oncotl 'on 
7 Nov. 1W9. IIi:< rnnernl s-Tmoii, pniuched 
by Dr. (afterwnnts ('nrdinall Xewman, wa* 
pidili*hed (inderlhe title of 'The Tkv he- 
nidi! thrt Waten. 

\\'eedall was disiingLiishml hv his elo- 
qii(!nc« ii« ft prmcher. He wu« (^iminutire 
in stature, nad suflurud from ill-healtJi 
thTOU);hoiit his life. 

ile was die author of: 1. An edition of 
the • Uouay Ijitin Grammar,' IS2I. 2. ' Tito 
Origin. Object, end Tntluencd of Ecclojiast 
cal 8>'miniiries considered. ... To which i 
addefl a .'thort di-wonrse explainini; Ilia Doc- 
trine and Meaning of the Catholic Church 
in consecrating IVlls,' llirmintfliam, 1 
8ro. He alsii published Hcvoral funeral 
mons and addresses. 

[Lifn by P. C. Hutenbetb. D.D. Lond. I8SD ; 
London nnd Dublin Orthodox .fournal. 1638, vii. 
1(18 ; (Inrotinn. nnw <tor. if. W5 (with pnrtrattj. 
and tlic 'History of Oscotl' lo snhnqnont 

l2 



W'eekes 



VotanMOf thnl pmN>din*l ;Onnt, M»);, I8J9, ii. 
M>; HpidT'i Epiioopnl JJutsflBUon. iii. aJ7. 
2*8,32*. 312.] T. C, 

WEERKS. IIKNKY (l«)7-1877>. sculp- 
tor, wft« bom at Caiilerburv in 1807. Aftf-r 
nerviD^ itii apprt'ntirL-tbip of five yeaw wJlti 
WillUm Ilebiiea ^.|. v.] and utinlrinK in tlie 
■ctiooli iif tbi> lio\a\ Acnihtmy. hr bfcaat' un 
MftistAnt. to Sir Frsnri* Leffsit Chautrev 
rq. v.^ On tbe d(«tb nf thu Utt<?r ia lB4ii 
WfwlcH* cnrriiii) out manr of hU cnniiaif^iou, 
■nd look over hi« dtudio in niii*ktnf;haui 
Piilnff R(iK(). wbicb Iw oceupied llirougbuut 
his liff. Ili> •'xbihittfd for tbe tir*l timv «l 
rh'' Itoyal Acwlemy in 1838. and in IKls 
modelled tb(^ tir»t biut nf tbu quiH>a done 
after her ucoMion to tbe tbiYHie. TI^ torik 
fl higli position an a p«rtrait-»ciilptor, and 
hi« wtiTKJ of tliia class haro gn«t mmt. 
He «xecut«d tb<^ ttntups of Sir Fn(ici« 
Bacon, for Trinity Colie>KR, Cambridge ; 
Lunl AuckUmI, for Calcuiia; Dr. Uoudall, 
f«r Eton ; Jolm Fluntr^r, for t)ie Itoynl Col- 
li'lfit or Surifeoiis; ■\Villi».ai Harvuyi for tbe 
new mii'U'iim ni Mufurd : Archhtittiap Sum- 
iUT,rorCaaier>jiiryCotbtHlnil; OharWII, for 
Ills Hon*' of Lord*; lb.? figun-.* .jf Cma- 
mcf, Lalimer, and Kidlt-y in the Martyrs' 
Mwrnonalat Dxford; and n vvrv liirg« niim* 
ber of bu«ti< of cminGHt penonA. ' Of hia 
fnncy Bgurv* and gn)iip» ibo moat important 
U* the RhellifT mr'morinl in f'briittt'btircb 
Abbey, IIam|)«bire, and ttic gronn of * Mnmi- 
fftCtures' in tlix Allwrl M-monat iii Uydv 
I'ark. EniniiviTi;:^ of bis fipiir« of a 'f^up- 
pUant' and Stu'lley mociuuit'nl wen.* pub- 
hthvd in the ' Art Journal ' in IH.53 and I8ft.t. 
W«!rl("-« wrt* plerted an nxaooiiilo of ibn Uoyal 
Academy in lf*-'-<\ nfull member in IStW.nnd 
profewor of ncdlptiirv in 1873. In 18.'i2 he 
was Award4^>d u gold intnlnl l.v thi.. Society of ■ 
Art* for liiit tmilLsu on tbu Quo art-* ivciion 
of tho Intenintinnal EnliibifioD'il' lH,"ii, lU- I 
diitd, aftt-r mach FiilTering, at liiji house in I 
I'imliro <m 2K Mny 1^77. lli« bii« «f Dkqu I 
Huvkland is now in tho National Portrait j 
ItHllt-rv. A marble buiit of Wetkus was lent I 
by J, Krnfrt Wcokea to the Vietorinti Exhi- j 
bitioti in 1867. ] 

[Moa of lh<i Time, 1876; Art Jonmal. 1877; 
RfdirrftVCH Dirt, of Artints.) F. M. O'D. 

WEELKES. TITOVAH (Jl. 1BOO\. rausi- 
ci«D, was probtibly bom betwoon 1-170 und 
IWO, nj- in lo!l7 he published a sel of mn- 
drigoU, which hv call* intlit- dudicaiion -the 
first-fniicti of my barrun gnjund." ![« also 
albiiUtl to Ills 'unrijk'UwlyMni' in the dedi- 
cation of hi* Necond publication in 151W, 
Soon nflerwarda ho oecame organist of 
Winclie*U'tUollege,a«ft]ipi»arB from bUpuh- 




licnlioiu ID IW-X). He tbua proceeded to 

Now ('ollf>g<^, (Uford, bul wa» not on lb<* 
ri>unJati'>n(^t7. f.wji-. Ontt. Il.i.31. 1 17). 
He AuppU^aln) for thu dcgrno of Mas. }iitc. 
on V2 Feb. 1601-:^, and wa-t admitird on 
1.1 July fullon-inff. \Vni»dl/'(M/i")errontvil¥ly 
t-allfl biin Williaui Weclk*. In the work* 
piibliiihi-d in 1<JI»S be dfwrilKit himself tt 
orgKnint of Chicbo^tcr Oatbedrat and gentl.- 
manoftbt-CbaiwI Koval : but bL<^ iianu'doei 
not oc<^ur in the ' CLeque-book.' Hr dinl 
befon^ I041,aeaiiiinihL>niof bhwasincludtHl 
in Barnard's * First Hook of SM.\-iJtI Chun b 
Mii^ick,' frtjm which compowr* then livinj^ 
were cxctiidvd. Another antbi.'m in Uar- 
nard'a maDUocript colIeoiionA nt tbv Itoyal 
Cid!r({r> of Miisic is daieil 9 March 1017.' 

We.>lke8'.i publicatioa« wur*: 1. ' jladri- 
jtal- to 3, 4, 5, and 6 Voyces,' ITO'; thi* 
colli^ctinn wai oditxd in ■«>rt- by E, J. llo[»- 
kins for tbe Musical Aiiliqiiarian Socii'iT. 
lAiJi: Noe. 2-t are set lo tbe wonl» ■ Mr 
flocks feed doi,' un ini'omK.l vprston ofwhi^li 
ftubaeqVentlv apfH-an^l iii I Ik- 'Passionsie 
Pilgrim.' £ ' Kallels and Madrigals to fivt.- 
vovce-». wilh tmu t" 6 royew,' 159H: re- 
prinlt-'d in lti08. .1. ■ MadrigaU of Si and 3 
part* apt for ihp Viola and \'oyce#,' ICOO. 
4. ' MadrigaU of R part^, apt for t^e \'ioU and 
Voi«'*.' 16iX). 5. 'Ayera or Pbanlarticke 
Spiiil<-fl for lbi¥« Voicea,' 160H. Wenlk™ 
afsto nontribiKi'd a madrigal to Morley* 
'Tnumphsof (.Iriana,' 1001; audlwopieoefi 
to lA'igliton'g "Toares or Lanwatacions of a 
sorrowful Soiile,' 1IJ14. Boside« ibe aotheu 
printed by Barnard in I»U1, twn nth^n- wera^ 
publifbvd in ibe Muiical .^Viitiquariaii S/ 
ciety'fi '.■Vnthemn by Comiw»WT« of tbe Ma- 
drigulimi Period' and ' KnaponseA to tt 
roniiiinndm.^nl* ' in ' Tbe Oljoir and MuiJra 
liecord,' July lrt61. In tlK'inaniisrrtpt col-l 
iMtionn now at the Royal I'ollcgo ofMusie,! 
whenct! Bpimsnl seliTted his publication*, I 
there are eleven oiber unthems; and vocal, 
and instnimcnial pieces am pre«<Tvnd in 
Coayn's 'Virginal Book' at Buckingham 
Palace, in Additional MSS. d02»!), SOSBA-^, 
^37^^:, and ^OIlT ai the Britbh Muwum, 
and in MS. 1S8l^ ni lUt- Itoyal Colt^e. A 
madriga) was published br Stanley Lneai 
from Additional MSS. 1778(t-m ; and there 
are nnvans for vinli> in .Additional MSS. 
ir79L'-6. 

.^nm« of Wevlkos'a madrigaU havo bean 
reprintt.'d in popular fiollfctiona dnring ihe 
eight.wntliund tiinetevnthcenliiricK. Atuoi^ 
his bvAl work« am : 'As VeAta wa« from 
Ijtitmoit Hill deacrnding' (his coatribatioa 
lo the * Triiunpha of Oriana ') ; ' l^o country 
aporla,' li5i)7 ; ' To »borten winter'* sadneM^' 
'In pride oTMay,'* >\clcomv, sweet plewure,' , 



Weemse 



J49 



Weever 



And ' Lady, yont rye,' 1&(I6 ; ' Now let iib 
mftko a iwMTT f^TMtmg,* 16O0, ' Strike it up, 
neighbour,' 'Now w'ry irue,' nail 'Tlie >'iglit- 
ingate,' IfJOB. 8|iecim*na may be seen in 
K. T. Wumio'e grL-ut i'ulk'«ti<m of 'Ciitt'li«,' 
Ac. ("1713), ami ' VoCrtl lljiriaunv,' ' Apollo- 
nian llarmntiv' ( 17l*6j,Willoiifrhbv'6'.>in;ii»l 
Jlnrinonv'(l'7rtt)t, Itlanii'i. ' l^lieV C^illw- 
tinn" (ittW), K. Webb's •(.Vill.>cti"ii of Ma- 
drifi»le' (l<<ld), l'ag«'e 'FMtir« Harmony' 



' Mtuicul Library '(ISai), Howcj'V H'oUec- 
lion of MftdriKals '<l83.5),'ne BritiaJ. Ilar- 
noDist*('1^4§>rCni»pr'it'MadHi;nU'(lSty>), 
OUpii«nt'« 'Tt*!! F«V(tuHl« 3[ni!riEKlii' niul 
Turle and Taylor'a * People's Sin^in^ Book ' 
aM4), Hullah'i 'Vocal Scorro ' (lJ*4li). 
Joae(m AVarren'ii 'ChnriatfyrV irandbook* 
(IWJoj.'TheCbnirand.MwsiwilliecordTor 
Au^^t 18('>.*t, -Ariun' (18iU),uni] thv cheap 
publicationa of Novatlo, Stanley Lucas, Cu»- 
ftidl, and Giirwci). Weclkes ami Wllhyc arc 
luuallv meniionud together by critk-A mid 
bistoriiina ; but s 'certain cliaracterletic ftLifi- 
nwa* (Ubove) inakiu Wi'ulkcs dc't^idt'dly In- 
fcBiora* a coutfomr lu Iiia e"nU<ni[)'^riiry. 

pV«elkcaV «n>rk» ; Rimbnult'a ]{i1i1tullinc« 
Siadrisalian*. pp. 7, 12, II, '29; Orova'n Itici. 
of 3dat>ican4 Miiaiciiini, ti. 191. it-, iili, tSl , 
Cal.of^-rcl HitrniODk' Sand}'* i.ibmry. pp. 
188. Tii : Oliphaat't La Mum Mivlri^lucii ; 
Xascla 0«Khiclii« Act Miiiik in KngliuiiJ, ii. 
118,-14$: UawkiM'n iliu. of Ma,\e. c. Hi; 
Bornej'sCtetiemliltBt.ofMuiiL-.iit. 124; DavevV 
Hint, of Kngl. Umic, m>. IT?, 16U. I'tii, ihb. 
493. J U. D. 

WKEMSE. JOHN (1579?-lfi3fl>, divine. 
[See WeiiVHt.' 

WEEVER. JOHN Ofi'6-ItB2), poet 
anrl kiitii|u»ry, a uutLre of Ivnicotbin.-. born 
in lo7U, was admittod to Quconn' Collcffe, 
Caii)briii|ze,ii"a^ianrQ]i3l> A[jnl IWI. His 
tutor wa* William I'ftveUfq.V.]!* '(Wryc/^/yf- 
iter). \lv bntbi-d frui'ly, W rttlotus, in what 
lie dtfscribril iih ' Ni-stor-oicl [iviinsh-inintinjf 
Graai'sV He rt'tained chrougL lilV an aH'w- 
tion forlii* callf{(>.<, but n-ems to havu left 
ihr- imiv^nuty without a dffttf. 

Retiring' to tiis Lancaabire home about 
Ifill"*, lit- 4ttidifd earefnily and appivciu- 
liT^Iy current Kn^liab literature, ami Jii 
l&M) bo publifelitil ■ volume entitled 'Kpi- 
grumme* in liw. oldeH Cut and iic-wist 
rultion. A twite Mven Iloiirt-a (in sn 
nuuijr wo«tk««) Studie, Xo longer (tike the 
Fuitltion) ifil imlikti to roiiliiiiie. The liri't 
neTen, John Weflvet ' ^London by V. S. for 
Thomas Bu«holl>, IfiW, Ifmu. The whole 



work WBR dedicntnl to a LAOcasbire patron, 
Sir Kichard Houghton »f Hnn^bton Tower, 
high sherilT of the county. A portrait «!• 
grnvfd by Thomas Cecil is pn-fixed, and de- 
»i.'ri1.ied (he author a« t weuty-l bn.'u ut ibu 
dftU- of publication, IflSlO. IJut Wi*\erin 
»Linie inlrudiiulury stanias ioforma the rsadur 
I bat nifKil oft hi- i-pif^rain.'* Wftv wntti-n when 
be wft£ only twenty, ile speaks of liisCnni- 
briilfp ffdurntinn, and cnnfewH-* iRnorance of 
Ijondon. Tb(! Bpigram»<, whicli are divided 
into seren part* (each called a ' week,' arter 
the manner of the Fnench n>ligious poet Du 
Bartas), are in erode and pedeatnan versu. 
But the volume owea it^ value, apart fmm 
it« nrily, to its mantiun and oomtncodaiion 
of the chief poeta of the day. Tlie nioet in- 
lerueting contribution ia m Minnet (No. 2'2 nf 
the fourth wet-k) addrwwid to Shnkespeare 
which forcibh- illuslratea tbe aidmiralion t-x> 
citt'ii «ni»n)r youthful contemporarieH by the 

EubUraiion of Shakefljieare'a early works — 
is narrative (loeme, his ' Horoeo and Juliet/ 
iuidhir<t-nrlybi»tonr'AlplAv)>lrf..S'AaATJ7imrv'x 
t*eii/«nVv/'i'/yty«,NuwSlialiiipt'n'Soc., 1S79, 
p. Id). Ilardly ]e4s vutuableto ihehiiiTonQn 
of literature ore VA'eevor'* fpi^aunt on Ed- 
mund SpeiiuT'epoierty and Ueaib,un Daniel, 
Dreyton, Ucn Joiiii>on, Mnnflon, Warner, 
ItoLert Alloll.uiid I'hrinloplutr MiddKl'sa. 
In his epigram on AUeyn, hw aAsprlfl thnt 
iiumeand Husnius yield the palm to Lnnfion 
and A!!'-yii. A cjpv of this i-xlremely rare 
volume is ill the Jualone collection at the 
IIodlfin.li l.ihmry. 

Subf<»i|uently We.:-ver produced atiother 
volume of ver»e. This bore the 111 In: ' The 
Mirror of Martyrs; or, the life and deaUi 
of that tbrice valient Capllaiue and moet 

Clly Sfartyrc Sir John Oldcasll.!, knight, 
rd U&bliam,* 1601, am. »q. Bvo (Ixindon, 
byV. S. for William Wood). TIiptd are two 
dudiciLtiou)! to two friends, William Covell, 
im., th>> iuitlior'!> Canibridae tutor, and 
Uichard Dnllon of Pilling. Th>> work wu, 
tliR luithor lelU us, written two years befon.- 
publirrntion, aad woa posaiblviagfiested by 
the controversy about Sir John Otdcastlc 
that waA cKcitcd in London in loSfS bv the 
production of l:9liakoepuiirL>'8 'Henry IV.' 
In thfit plav llie great chiinicler afterwardo 
re-namud I'HielatI at fin^t liore the dftii^na- 
tion of Sir John ()ldcH»lle, to the ecandal of 
tliDKL- who claimed descent from thw tf^llard 
leader or »ympKthised with his opinions imd 
career (ef. SAakf^tiffirr* CVnturte ••/ I'mynf, 
pp. 4l*, 10,1), Weever call* hi" work the 
•true (Hdc/i>tle,' doubtless in referfnc« to 
ilie current controversy. Weever dii-plny>) ut 
H^TcrHl points his knowludtffijrShnkeKp'-nre's 
recent plays, ilo va^ely refl««la »hAk(^• 



► 



I 



epcftre'n lAngua^ in 'Henry IV* (pc U. 
tine nwheareTcrrii^KtoHoUpur'adwUiaud 
th« bnltlp of Sliri-wAburj' (giUnu US). 
Simitfkrly in Maiisu 4 lie nDtices the Epeecbes 
mftde Id ' thi^ inimv-lMmdRd multitudn' bv 
Rrutue and Mark Antony nt Oieiuir% ninfml. 
Thew »ppecUe» w'.-rp the invention of Shiikp- 
spoftre in h\» pKy of '.niliuB Cic«ar,'uid it is 
clou tbat \V«ev*-r hnd witneswd & perform- 
uioe of ShakfHtpetrv'a play of ' Juliiia Cffisar * 
bsfoiv writing of CntarV fiinernl. VV«ovt.-r'ii 
MfernncA in proof that 'Jultua CVaar' wa^ 
written biiforo W«bvot*« volume was pub- 
lisliod in ItiOl. TLiHro i» no othpr c^ntem- 

Krary ipfprnnfte to the play by whirh any 
oitB can be aseiifned to its dale of comiw- 
flitioii, 1'hf pi<x:>? wrw) not puhlishfid until 
ll!23,iiithu tint folio of Shakespeartf'a works. 
As in lii» tirsr. so in hia second volunn^, 
WucviT mcniiona SpenMr** diftrew at the 
ttliiK- of bin lifi? (stnniM 63). Four perfect 
cnpioH of Wi'ttvt-r's ' Mirror of Martyn-s' ars 
liiinwn ; thi*y an* T>'(i|)«t:lin'Iy in tUe Hiith, 
nntwoll, and Bodleian libmnee, and in tliv 
]'vpy«ijinT-i]irnrvHt Miijfitnli'nnCViHi.'p^'.Cnm- 
bridfto. Thi> only othfr copy now known is 
imperfi'ct, nod is m tln> Rritieb ^liiseuin. Tbp 
poem wiui nprititt'd fortliH Knxhnrfrb^'Cltih 
inavolumu«dited bvMr. llenryiluchsCSibiM 
(aftt-rwardi Iiord Aldi-nham) in l^'ii. 

Subsuqticutly Wowve: piiblislieds tUuml>- 
book (If inch in heijjht) ifivintf a poetical 
history of Christ bopnning with Ihu birth of 
tbu Vjrjtin. The iitl«-pa^« ran "An Ayuu« 
0*i. rrinied by V. S. for Nicholas hyug. 
|{fOO.' Tlic dedicaliou ran: 'To rrintMi 
Il'-riry. Vour tmmbltniutrvnnl, Jo. WecriT.' 
ThH only copy known, is in th« H nth Library 
(cf, nayiK^i^, Cennura Litarnrut, \\.; lluth 
L&raiy 0(/.( 

In the early years of the sevent^entk cen- 
tury Wocvor travelled abrond, lie viwlM 
Liu|^, i'Hrin, r«rinii, and Itonie, Miidying 
lileralure and ardiicolnjfv (cf. Funerall 
ilfoniimCTi/#,pp.-iO, 14j,-'-^7,-"iO'*). Finally ho 
•wiTtlf^d in « Inrufi hoiist- liuilt by Sir Thomfta 
Chaloimr in Citrkenwdl Olose. and lunu-d 
his jitl(.'ti'tii>n fxi?lii«ivi-!v I" unliqnilifH. Hi- 
inadpantiii{iuiriantnuraI.limittrhKn)/lnnd.Hnd 
hi- desisi'^d to irmke archteolo^ical explora- 
tion in Scotlund if lifv were iipanxl liim. 
JIv came to know tke antitiuarie^ at ihe 
Colluf.'u of \rnis and oisowhpre in Ixindon, 
and uiadv rrcmifntTOtK^arcbvcLiillKj librnrit^ 
of HirUobftrt<.oltouaitdSirSiinoii<!^D'KwtM, 
His chief labours lutw thx^ light in a folio 
volniDtt vxU'n<3ing tii iii-iirlv nim- hnndnul 

1iages,andhearinpth(ilill«'Anciftnt Fiincrall 
iliwiiiments within Ibu United Munarrhiowf i 
fimat Rrilainr, Endand.nnd thi- Inland!! ad-| 
jac«nt, with the diesolTed monasteries tliere- 





in contained, their Foanden and what E: 
nont I'lTsunshsvebeen in tbesatnu interred 
(Loudon, Iti:i],ro1.) A cunoiiM rniblrmatic 
frontispiece was en^vcd by Tbomaa C' 
a« wolf as a portrait of tbi> niilbor, 's-t. 
A" 1681.' Wt>ev4'r dedicated hi* work 
Charles t. In an «ptstle to the ivader 
a«knowli-df^ ttio vneouragvnient and 
anc« he ri;c<>ived from his 'deare du 
ftiond ' An^iusttne Vincent, and from the 
ti<|uari'SirUobtTt Cotton, t'.> whom Viaoeat 
fire>timrodut<-dhtm. il<^abio mention* among 
hifi hi-lpi'Ts Sir ilcnry Speldun, John Seldon, 
and Sir SiniriiidK !)'l''irri, A copy whicb, 
Wecver presentpd to hisold collfge ^QllP«D9'^ 
at Canibnd(fp is Aill in the library there, am 
has an inscription in his aiitneraph (faeaimi 
in Pink's VUriienuxii, p. 351). Almost 
Woevcr'a sepulchral inscriptions uv n 
obUtemied. Histnnitcnptaare uft.cn fault; 
and orror* in date* abound (cf, Wm 
Ant/t. Sacra, pur. i. p. 068 : Gent. Mag, 1 
ti. HUH). Itut to tlitt kiHioriau and biograpl 
the book, despit« its dofrat*, is inralaabl 
A ni^wi.*ditiiin n.pjx'ari'i) in ItMl, and a tlti 
with Bome addenda by William Tonkft. i 
1767. Weever'fi orif{inul manuscript of t 
work i» in the library of the 8oci*ty of An 
<iuariea (Nos. lii"-?^). 

Wceter, who dated the address to the 
reader in his M'uiR'rall Moauinent«' fi 
his houae in Clerkenwell Cloae, waabu. 
in l(i82in thr_> church of St. James's, Oer 
well. The church wait subMrq neatly eoti 
rebuilt (cf. VlSKiVUi-kentnU. p. 48). 
lung L'pitaph in vcrsu inscribed on big to: 
It. [irfsiTn-i'd in 8t')-w"» 'Sarver of l^ndon 
(I(J33, p. 000, cf. Strvpe's eiliUon, bk. r 
p. 6.'*; GfTt!. Mas. '"**. "• ^00). 

[AuthoritiMciud; l-'nl Ws Worthiw ; Ohn^ 
itiors's Giu)^. Diet.; funk's Ctcrkv&wcU; 
Adilit. M.S. 24487. f. 8A8 |.Iiunt«r's M.S. Cboi 
Vh) am) - Oillifir's HiMiogr. Cat. ; W«^rri 
buokc.] 3. U 

WEQUELIN, THOMAS M.VITUIAS 
IW. )8:!8), floldier.born at MoorSeldo in l.^n- 
don, was the uld«et sou of Jobn Chrirtopher 
WVgiiidin by bin »Mv>nd wif«, Klicabwlh. Up 
was appointed acadct in thi' KaM India Com- 
pany's service in March 17^1 on the Benj^l 
i>n>-'*idency. UciirrivHl in Caloutta in April 
178:^, having ureviou^lv been promoted to an 
cofipncy on iG Juno ITiril. lie joined lb* 
third KurojA'au regimvELt at Burhinpur, and 
receiver] a liieutMiiHnl'scouimisflton on I'L* Septa 
Mi^i. In Nox'euibcr hcwai^ removed to l 
lirnl battalion of ihu L'^nd nattri! infantrr. 
at tliH frontier elation of Fatchgarh in ifie 
dominions ofllin nnwith of (>udh. In March 
178.1 he proceeded to thn Fanikhalmd dis- 
trict, where he took pan in some p*tiy 




I 



oporelioD9, &Dfl ill 1796, when his regiment 
WM incorporKted with the i/nd nntivi* in- 
foDtrr, hi- h'ccivcd the brevet rnnk of cn]>- 
teiii. He iterv'M K^iiwt Tipii >*aib frxmi 
lTSK)lo 17i)S with Liouteitant-colone! Jolin 
Cuvkmll'» dvtachiiivut. llv tuok puM in iLl' 
LiaUli^ of Sifriiigspetam OTi l.'I .May 1701, in 
Lhu aeaauU ua ibu HDt^oiy's i<mtvDcbed camp 
on 6 Feb. 1702. mid in llin fwife of tUi3 city. 
In I>(!cefflber 17I.'7 he waA traiiAferrad to 
tb« first battalion of thx* I3tb native itil'antrr, 
which he cominandi'd in 1799 durinir the 
•depoaitioQ of th« tiawab of Oudb ~a«e Wkl- 
LHLBT, RtcirAKD CoLLKY, Mjksai'H Wel- 
I.EBLBT], and ftbonly after joined the I»l 
European refpment at Cawnpur, recnoTin^ 
with It to Diiinpur at tho clusu of tlia your. 
On 10 Aug. ISOl liii reccivetl the regimental 
rank of captain, and in 8E?pti!tnbF3r 1803 ha 
pnotbdtd in (Mmtnand of tbv Hunk com- 

C'na of hifi regiment, to join thf armr under 
1 Laki'fsw La^kk, Obua ia>. Bratltj^KUii], 
then engaf^^ with the Maratta« in the 
nortli-west, where he look pun iu the siege 
ofGwalior. In September 18(W he accom- 
panied Ltiki^-'M amiy in rhecApaeicyurjudgv* 
ad vocat 4y general iu t hi- field provinces north 
and west of Allaliabnd. and took jiart in the 
aieg«of llbnrlpkir. Ilr> ciutitiui-it 1o bold 
tha post nnlil nia appointment to a mnjnrily I 
on 3 ^larcb 1^8. In June he was nomi- I 
lMt«d to commantl an expnlition for the 
deleoce of the I'on.agiii»H of Mncun againat < 
nny French attempt, receiving the local 
rsuk of colonel. On lti» return to H<:-ngal in 
February ItiOObe received the tUanlis of the 
|^vi-mor-g«neral for his eondnct. On the 
establishment of the cuujmi»sariat in ]I<.-ni;ul 
on 1 Feb. It^lU Wegiudiii kos appointed 
deputv couiniiiwar^-gontnil. IU- aceom- 
panied Major-geuetal ^^ir John .Vbi^rt^rouibr j 
fn.T.j in the expedition against Mauritius in . 
1810 aa liend •>( th« commiwut-riut d<-pnrt- 
ment, and aAer thn reduction of tlus iidartd 
WM appointed by the governor, Sir Knbert 
Towneend I'nrniihar [q. v.l, commi»*«n- 

Seneral of Mauritius, ilom-bon, and their 
ependencio*. TIo returned to Rirnpil in 
March \H12 with a letter Proru FonjuLitir To 
the governor in councU expressi tig iuii supru- 
batiou of hilt m-nice^. On 1 July li^i^ he \ 
wa4 nominated i^oumiiMHary-gen'-rnl of lien* 
gal with the ronlt of licutoTiant-coIonel, 
ntLuininif tlic rr^itimnla) riLiili on 10 Mnrch 
I8U. Hediflrharged the dutiea of 00™!!!]."*- 
*ary-ffrnural through the two wars with 
Nepal hrtwiMrn l«Ilnnd 1H16, and that with 
thii< Findaris from ISlti to IS\S, conduetiug 
Cb<- hnoiiU'M of hiAoffica with m much ability 
thai the extra expeaaee of the wurs did not 
exceed tbe comparatively unall xum of 



600,000;. Reing nbligcd by private affairs 
to return to England, he resigned liis otQca 
al thtt close of 18:^, embarking in Joiiuaty 
lytfi. lie lecoivt'd the rank of culouvl com- 
mandant 00 'M July 18:*^, and died in I.>on- 
dou at Aluulagu Squari; ou 'Ji May \8'2^. 
lie was twice married. Ily hia Sriit wife he 
bod a son and a daughter, and by hia cecond 
wife lhr«o «ona. 

rnenl. Mag. 11:128. ii. 180; l>odvrll and 
MilM'» Indian Artiiy Liit, 1834; information 
kiadly given b.v Mr. A. W. Ortenn.] E. J. 0. 

I 

I WEHNERT,KD\VAni)nEXRY(l818- 
' 1&08), watercolour-palnCer, wo* bom in 
Lonoon, of lierman paa-ntii, in 1813, }!« 
wu educated at Gutltngen, and romved his 
art training <;hietly iu I'aria, w)i'^r» and in 
Ji'rsey ho rwided 'from 1832 to IW17. He 
then ntlurnrd to Fngland and joined the 
recently founded 'New' Society (now the 
Institute) of i'iinters in Waieruolours, to 
rheexhihitionsnf whiehhrt wMSubserjULtntly 
a constant concributor, His drawingit were 
all of an historical ehui^cter, among the 
bc«>t being ' Lord Nigel's Xntroduction to 
the Sanctuary of AUatia,' 'Lnllier rpiuling 
hia 3(.'rmun to ivmu Friends,' 'Tho I>t>atb of 
Wicklifl'f,' ' Hlippo Lippi ond the uun 
1 I.Lcrrtia Buti,' * (_'a.vton examining the first 
I Proof ^heet from hi« I'rtt**,' and ' Tho 
PriKiner of OiHors.' Tlie last m woll known 
! bv tbe engraving ])iiblii<had by the Art 
V nion, 1 fti-'*. Welnifrt'd largit wfirlts, though 
cxccllt-ntly conceived iind drawn, wi're iin- 
BttraetiTe in colour, and did not readilv Hud 
purclinMirs. Ha was more &uccf>'<«fuy as a 
di'Mgiier of hook illiiHtration^. Among the 
many puhlicat ionft for whiela bo t'uniislied the 
Jruwiiiin were'.tritiiui's ' liuu^tdiold Stories,' 
IHoH; Keat-.» ' Evo of St. Agii.*,' Ift.'iBj 
ColmdcL-'s 'Ancient Mariner," iJ^fi"; 'The 
I'ilgrim " Pnnrri'.w,' [808; .\ndi'ritrtrii 'Fairy 
Tail's," 1R6I ; ' Kobinson Cnisoe/ 180^; and 
Fop's 'i'oetical Work*,' Im^t. Wehnert 
print ribiitcd tottin W'L'ftlmitiTiter Hail cartoon 
exhibition in ISJ-'i an allejjorical drawing of 
'Justice,' now in the Elouth Kcnftinjc^ton 
Mti!it.'um. He died at ForlSAt Terruci-, 
Keiitiiih Town, on 15 Sept- I80S. A collyc- 
lion of Ilia works won exhibited at the 
[n«litntu in the following year. 

[Art Journnl, IMS : Itryan'a iHrt. of Pain tent 
(.An[iiittotig)i RmT»'> Ilict. lif Artiatit, )7ftO. 
18113] F.M. OD. 

WEIR, TIIiiMAS (lfim)?-lii70). re- 
puled sorcerer, eon of a Lanark ^hJ re 
nraprietor in Clydctdale, was born about 
IfELKl. Hi: i<urved w cnpiain-Henteiuint lu 
Colonel Itoberl Home's regiment in Itv 



t 




IMl, ud sIm far km* time m 
k tW Ewl of UMfk* 
aa 3 IUr* 1047 f iiiiiil a 
to the flitato far the w » «m (^ • 
flOO Mofa 4ae to Us lar thne 
iei»-90 bt m powNed lo tk 
of tfe city gMEd «r EdiakM^ lie 
one «f dw ■tottows «f tW 
aoMtraacB m 1^0^ aad gaiaaiOt 
noted a «ae ef tfe aoK det<atBd tad 
MHtiSedar a aCrict MCt of E JiaWi^ eo- 
raanlen, •■ vkne wwriap he dbpUTvd 
A le—^iMe jpft of <Kliipnfi finTM'. Aa 
mijwrf rtnntrparifcr fced J|| riil ifcirin 
(rf Hoatnae benn hm eu et aimt u M*t 
1660, ftad ie etatod to Inxe tnotvd hia with 




In Us later ;«)uii. uul aA«r be ntind 
from the dtj- gvud. War gmdaaUj hmmr 
npoted H ■ wixani. Chi eoBtng to Ediii> 
borgh he lodged iae wane time ia the Cow- 
nte^ in the bow* of ■ Mub Qnm^VtlMtori, 
vbcfe Jtawa MHehell (^ ISTi) 'q. t^ the 
«ootd-he M a Mii ai t or of ARhhiihof S«n^ 
ilao for mne timt loiftd. Sobeequently he 
Wiided with lu< aieCer Jran in k biiue in the 
Wcet Bow. On the Hair of tliu bouse be u 
aud to hsTe out ■ powerful :i|<(-ll bv which 
thoee who wrr» ucrading it Mi u if ther 
wen gotfif dowD. His incuitatioas were 
aujolj rtf'*(^tr^ by mrAHK nf ft blacit vtatT, 
which wm curiously cured with heads lilce 
thoee of ibe Mtyn, aud wuau|foaed to have 
bean pmmteil to bim hj Satan. Tliia atcff 
eoold be eeat bjr him on emndA, and od 
dark aigfals (ao it wme pa^'vlr ailimiwl^ 
night be Men goin^ before bim rarn-infra 
lantern. Frs«Br, minister of Wardle, who 
c&whimin f^Iinburfcliin lG0O,thiteda«cribei 
him : ' ili« garb vts »till a cloak, and anmfs 
what dark, and he nt-rrr went wiibnui hi< 
Staff, llu was a tall black man, and vnlj- 
narily looked dnwn an the ground : a frnm 
oonntenaoce and a big now' (manuM-ripi in 
the AdviirtitrV Libfary, quoted in \Vitsos*a 
JfmtorialA n/ EdaUttirffh in tJte Olden Time, 
\^'/, np. •*!% «iq , wh«re is also an pngrav- 
inc of Wt-ir'a bonm in the West Bow). But 
whether inHuenced by remorv! or iunacy.ot 
k comhinaiioD of the two, Woir, tbouf^h ho 
ntverprofeMwlany Knttence, nadea voluD- 
tai7 eonfeaaion (o x\\t aulhoritira of ince»t, 
•orcerr.and orh<^rcrimt.4: and. af^erti^Lon 
9 April lii'O, during which he u aaid to 
hsTO been dflirioui>. wb* burned a! Ibe^takc 
on tbe \'2\\i, at (>allowli>i?, un Eht- kIuw^ of 
0Teenaide,beiw<«nKdinburgbaDd1«itn. T\(^ 
died inpenittint, and n-jgouiioad all Ik>|i^ of 
hearen. Ww stalT, which waa ntm btimed 
with him, '(tnvi> mm luminE^'in the firo, 
•od, likt' him^i^tr, 'was long n burning.' 



Hia mna, norwilhuamliag that »bc nuuii- 
faattriamaiatokahlifj^ftoauoflunacT.wax 
bnned alonf with hia. Hi* storr i* cup- 
fOMd to hnw^mirtiid Lord RvruD'a ■ Man- 

rmclnV HavmBw Bafintm, I S78 : StneUir's 
At- ble Warid DMpla^. I6H0. r«. 

K. .-. LmmM's Uarr. Ml.'Ktnloch, 
» . lUUff UVa HMormUt. ad. C. E.SbarpB. 
ISIB : Anai'a Ctmiakl Triala : B^faert CImbi' 
bna's Tt^tiaas of Edialnis)).] T. F. H. 

WSnt, WILUAH (IW2 1836), jc 
■a]t<t, WB# bora ta 1(W at Mount Ilamittc 

ia ATrahirr. Bia father, nbu wa* Mr. 

wala^flactar.'diediB IWI; hiamoLherntap^ 
tied ^raia, aad Mr. Oawald acte^ aa hia] 
gwdian. Mpdinc hia lo .\vr arademy^ 
whidibakn mAufuat I8L7 with ibcrepv 
taiMBof bmng'talmted, bonoarable. kiiu 
hearted, MMtewbat aocrntnc, and a noftj 
tlperiowt nnder.' His Hucatina waA 
pMfld at tbeaniTvnuty of Ooitingien. H 
■fnne a nember of ibe Sooitiui bar 
?7J«n.liS27. HewastbeSiitteditororil 
MJIaagnw Arna* (G£«yoM> Cttian, S^|itenk>' 
ber I^8),atta, removing to Loiidun, ho ooD- 
tribated to the * Spectator' .Many artielii. 
in tbe * ^noj Cyckipttdia' and in Knight) 
' London ' were 60m b ia pen, and hv wrot« t ~ 
chapter on manners durin{> the r^ign 
ti*orij;e Hi in the • I'lclorial H istorr of ~ 
land' iKsiauT. Ptuaagea iff a IfWi/iw 
ii. -"V. ■2-'.9, 3031. 

Weir joined thi> editorial staff of the -Llailj' 
News' when it was fbundt>d in 1SI6, and 




ahip tbf * Daily Ncw»'flonriabed, tbe ''fines' 
wniiof; after his d««th that he had 
diictrd it in a way which ' made it a worthl 
reprv9eniait\e of iho Eoglub prv^.' 
'Olobe' wrote 'that he waa maxt«-r nf tlwl 
library of Euroiw;' the 'Athemeum' thi 
' in tbe rank* of Hii-ml urc lhpn> was not 1 
nobler or more unafeuminf^ fwildier than be;1 
and tlM- 'Spectator' thai 'his death it a 
public loea.* Hewaacn^litedby the 'Qla^' 
(fow Citix^n' with writiiu^pood VMMna well 
aa prow. Tbe infirmity of deafneaa prevented 
liim from playing a more coiupieoons part .*~^ 
public life. 

[l^valr iiifonnation.] p, R. 

WEISS. wnxoranBY nrxTEB 

(Isao-lSfi?), vocalist and compoaer, thviKm 
of Willoiighbr Gaspard Wei**. piMfeasor of 
the flute and mueic publisher at IJverpoal, 
wftj bom tki»n^ori 1* A)kril 18L'0. Iln \>ua 
pupil of Sir (Jeotve Tliorna* Smart [q-v." and 
Slictiocl William IJalfe [q. v.], and inaJehii 




first «ppuannev in [lublie ai « unger at a con- 
cwt of hU own at Liverpool, 5 May 184S. 
He firet aitpeared in opcm as Orovcgo ii» 
* Normn " at OiibUu on ? July 1841*, fttid aubse- 
quentljIwcatiiGa useful tnembi-rof tliorvm- 
andllaiTison and oilier oi«inicoinp«nii-ft, lit 
wae diMiTigiiiRlii^laAaconc)trt-'<iii^'r, but be 
flpeaallr excelled as bo exponent of oratorio 
miuic. in irhich his artistic feeling sii<l rich 
voice found full Pteans of QxprvssioD. His 
firet appearance at ft fwiival waa at Gloucee* 
ter in 1^4. 

Wiaaji'RcbiefcUiniln distinction rt}sls upon 
hf>inff tbe composer of 'Tha Village Kluck- 
enutb,' *^ to Ijonirfwlinw'jt wordit, a Ming 
vbirl) has had and Mil] retains an nxlm- 
oidiiianr popularity. Uocompijs^d it nbixit 
1654. Ill- •^IT'T^d tlvA copTTtght to a firm of 
nuaic pubU->hers for the sum of HI., anil, 
upon their decliniQE to accept it on tho^' 
tcmu, Wciitji publjsuod tbe aoug on his oven 
account, with the reaull tliat iL brotiglit to 
bim and bia di^Munilani i< an uimuitl incuuiv 
of DO iiiconiudenbl« anntuut for upwnrd»> of 
ftirfv vean. 

Wris«, wlio n-iM of a f^rnlal, lovntile iVu' 

Kition, diw! at St. fieor^'a Villa, lU-jj'-nt'a 
fk, 'ji Oct. 1n!7, nnil IS buri'vl iti IIi|;!)- 
g«t« cfraetery. Ho mnrri^il, 1.1 S<!pt. IHiri, 
Geo^ina Ansell Barrett (lt«^tS-l«<^)), a 
native of GloucfSlcr, who -wiw I'avoiirably 
known as a ^oger. Kv Hor be \eft a Jaiigb- 
t«r. 

In addition to ' The ^'illaj^ Ttlnck^mitli * i 
WtfiH couipoMO nianv other iongn and | 
ballad*, and arrange) & pianoforte edition of 
Weber's Ma« in U. 

[GniT«'s Diet, of Mtiiic and MiiiJciHini. iv. 
4ii; Mu«icMl Worli), 'Jf> Oct. »rJ 2 Nor. 1867: 
CinU M»f. 18A7, ii- B'lR; pritnte iiiforiiiai ion 
A«ii] hi« smiidtou, W. W. Omliam, wq. } 

F. G. E. 

WESTHILL. TlIOM-iS HENKY 
(18S8-1KI1 ), mii'iicinn, *»ii of ThuuiUA ilill, 
goUlDiith and freeman of the city, was born 
m London on -^ Jbh, ]>S:?8. n»* nlmwcd an 
Mrly ta.-^ie for rbt^ \inlin, and, afti-r ap]iear- 
iug al (iravesend bm an ' infant pTodij^y,' he 
in 1814 entered the Ro>-q1 Academy of 
Mitaie, wlu-n- lie I'tudicJ under I'rosper 
l*hilippi< Callierint* Saintuu [q. v,]. and in 
1645 took the king's schularvuip. II« u'tiM 
i(ub»f«|Upiitlv a priift-Mor of tlit! violin at tin? 
acadi-Tny, and conducted ita choir and {.r- 
chutra. On Imvin}; th« institnlinn be nt- 
lacbtHl himself to the orrhestra of tlip Prin- 
eeaa Theatre, but b« soon became Imnvrn as 
ft eon«ert Tiolini«t, and ifM tak^m iii> Atm 
fay Edward James Lodi:T[(i. v.J.aod then bv 
Liouia AntoineJulienor Jul1ien[q.v.] Willi 
the latter h'.- lounil iu Anivrica, wactt: hv 



WW the fljvt to make known Uendelseotm's 
riolio concerto, and lat«r visited the prin- 
cipal coiiliiit.'ii[al citiL-t. Hiiuming to Lon- 
don, he was en^agfd as lirat violin by (Sir) 
^[iehuel CoBta [^. v.], under whom lin playi^d 
for miiiiy vimm \n the Ojn-m, I'hilhannonic, 
and Sacred Harmonic socieiie*' nrche.tilra.s. 
On tile njiening of the Alexandra I'alnce in 
lt^7;l he wai» itppointed inufical director.nnd 
in tbiit cai-acity did good service by brJntfing 
forward new compositions by native writers, 
as well a* by rf» iviiiK furjiotten works, such 
fi9 Ilniidel's 'Ksthiir' and 'Kusanna,' In 
1P7H bv coniluctml the orchestral conLYrta of 
Madame Viard-l^iiiii, itt which mivnml im- 
porlant works w^re heard for iJi« first tima 
m Ktiglund. }[e was appoinlud principal ofJ 
the Guildhall !^chool nf Music in 18B0. and* 
held that post till his death at South Ken- 
AJneton on '2^ Hcc. 1891. lie waaan fldmi- 
mble violinist and on able administrator. 
lie wrote a tnw compntitiunj*, mostly for 
violin and 'cello, of which ihi; ' Pumpnduur 
Gavotte ' became popular. 

[MuaioAl llpiiiinii. Jimiinry lS8a : Lute, 
Miir.-h I86I (j.iitlnitt); Mimiciil Korald (por. 
tmii) niid Mufical Tt^le^ Futrunry IHilS; 
Brown and Stntiton'.t Bnlinh Muniff^l llin^m- 
pby ; informal iuQ fi-oni iho win, Ferdinand 
WwVuUjII, (,«,.) .1. C. H. 

WELBT, IlEXRY (rf. Iffilei), -The Pho3- 
nis iif ihvBe late Times,' was the eldest son 
of Adlnnl Wclhy K 1 1 Aug. ir.70) of Ged- 
niiv in l.tncolnshini, by his firot wife, the 
dnnghtpr of iin inhiibitinit. of Hull named 
Hall. He wan mntriciiUted as a pcn-iioii^r 
of St. John's ColleBe,C'anibrid(;e, on "J J May 
]>*i58, and was made a student of the Inner 
IVnipie in November 156:!, 'whore, being 
aecomodatod with all tht? parts of a gentle 
man, liu?anL'rrctyiv(l himself into l.hocouii-| 
trye,' purchasing the c.-ttate of (ioxbill in 
I.incoliiehire from Lord Wentworth. Wifih- 
iiif; to iithirf^' hi* mind hx Imvfl, he '»|ient 
ponif ft'w viareit in ibu Lowe Countreya, 
I ieriDsnT, I' ranee, and Italy, making the b«st 
u^ of his time.' 

In lhi» manner Welby continued hit 
blameless Ufe until past luiddleoge. About 
1o92 bis youni^er brother, Juhn, a disMiIuto 
youth, took umhrnifK at llenry'-i endt-avuurs 
to reform his liftbits. and, niier rcpeat.edly 
thrvateninif hi» life, attempted to thrvui hitn 
with a pi.*rol. Welby waa def ply allecl.'d by 
this rillainy, and, tiikinR ' a very fuiru house 
in ihe loivrr end of Grub HtreeT, n^^r unto 
Cripple^le,' he jiassed the rest of his life in 
ubHilnte st'clusion, never leuvinf( hia npart- 
menti' or neeing any living crenlun' t;xc«pt 
his old niaid-scrvant Elitahetli. In tliia 
niancier he lived for fortv-four veurs in lh« 



Welch 



»S4 



Welch 



DOBt abHcmbus bidiioa, wbUo exereisiag « 
raiorftiiA bmintr lowirdit bis •poomr lu-islf 
boura. During that period h<! Bto neitucr 
fish nor llniili, and ni.<vfr dnak witiu. lit' 
died <m 39 Oct. 1636, mid ww biiriod in Si. 
Qilcs'a, Crtpplfgate. Tie manried A)ic«, 
diiuffht«r of Tbotnw White of WollingVi-clls 
in ^oHcnhtre ancl Noitiii^linin»liin>, br hi» 
wifo Anna Cecil, sister of the first Lord 
Burf[h]«v. I)v Alice, Welhy had onu dough- 
tfir, Klizabetfi. hia »oIe h«irc«*, vrbn was 
married at St-Uilcs'i*, CriupleKBtc.oa IS Jul v 
IfiUK In Sir ChriMojiiior lltlili-nrd of Wiiiiv 
staad in VorkHhin-. She waa huriMl at 
Buuth in thv Kui>i Kiding on ^ Nov. 163». 
The family M Flildvard t^Atahlinh^'a at. Flints 
hum Hall, near Newark, arc b«r dwcendants 
(KrnKB. ran-Uti fiejitrj/, 1898, s, t. 'Mild- 
yard;' FoNiKR, YorkMre Ptdiffntt, 1871, 
voL ii. t.y. " Ilildyard'), . 

A lift! w> ouc'cniric n« that of Widhy wm 
the Miurct! of ioiiie uotori«ty, and lu tli« Te»r 
aflL-r hifi doalhnbio};ra])liTn])pearpd entitled 
* Tim PluriiiK of thrw mlc Timui", or llii* 
Life of Mr, Henry Welbv, Vjm.\.' (Lnndon, 
1837, 4loi It contati)^ commvinoratire 
T«nea bv Hhiwikerlev Mnnnion [({. v.], John 
Taylor t\w ' Water l*«et," Thomna Ueywood, 
Tliomiu NnbWfl. and oth<>r<, and had nrrfixi^d i 
B portrait of Welby as hu aptit-aniu at the 
lime of Ilia death, engraved by Witliani SEar- 
ahall. Tnro editions, with no important dif- 
ferencee, appeared in the amv yi-ar. 

lTli» Pha-iiJK of ihuM lnt« Ttrao*. 1637: 
Kotiewt of llio Family of Walby. 1M2. pt». <8- 
&< . Gibbons a Xot«tt oo Die V^ailation of lin* 
eoIn»hirn in 1634, pi. ix. ISM, pp. \9%-Wt; 
StudvDtfi adoiltrd to the IniHr Temple, 15-17- 
1660, p. 43; Notes and liQcrica, 3m wr. iii. 
168. 197.) E. I. C. 

WELCH or WELSH, JOHN (ISrOP- 
\^>'2), prv.'.bvtTiiiii (3ivin»i, win of the laird 
of CoUicsion wr Collision, in thu parish of 
IJiiUM-rirr, Dumfrii^sjdiir'', and iKirdrriofr 
CniijtPiipmiock— which f^arlylft {JanfM'ffth 
Cariyie, ]i. 102) ntlpposm to have been all- 
cii-ntly tndudi'd nti moorland in the? estate- 
was binni ubout li'f'O. When young he din- 
played a Tnlbrr unruly dispo^iticm, and, dis- 
liktngtbe K«vort- n'HtniiutH of humv, hrokv 
^om parental control and joinwl a band nf 
border rtivcrs; but, dlHcovurini; ibis ad- 
vi.tiit.urouit lifi- lo liH Ifne pIi>;iKuiit and diwir- 
ablfl than his youthful fnnry btid dfpiripd it, 
hvsoiiK^hl rocuncitiationivith bisfn'hi^T, and, 
with a vi(>w nf studyitiff for the church, he 
was presently sent to th« university of Ediii- 
biirgli, wlii-rt^ ht) took the d.'(jri7e of M.A. in. 
I5n6. On Ii Mnroli X'tHl* 90 Im wa* nomi- 
nal«l by the privy council oiit^ of tbrvi* for 
maintaining tlio triiQ religion in tbe Fonst 



and Twceddalf, and was wttlvd at Selkirit. 
In ISIMhe was tronslatMl to Kirkcodbri^t, 
and on 2& March l&OO hi> w«« appointed oiw 
of (he vtJiitorA for Nilhsdale, Annandalfi, 
Lauderdalt!, EBkdale,andEwQBdale(CujiBK- 
WifCD, Ili'tory, v. 4'JO). 

On 18 Dec. follnwine, when occupytsg 
Oie pulpit of 8t. Giles B kirk, I^dinbtugL, 
•hortly after the tumult of the presbyteriam 
a^^iitst ihe king, Iw look oppunuoiiy to 
preach a^inst tho kiBg-'a eondnct, 'alle^w 
that his uii^vsty wb« poHccaed of a dorit 
and after the outputting of that devil there 
joined to hia highness eevcn durils. t^uhilk 
was hilt majeaty'a council ;' and thai &« it wu 
lawful for a son to bind a lunatic father, it 
WKM Hinally lawful ' to lii« highne«»'s vuljectt 
to hind hia inaJi>.ttT, hr-in^ in the like cms' 
( li^. r. V. .ietti. v' 359). railinR to answer 
the diar)^ of having: juatiAod lJ>e tumult, he 
was on 1 r Jan. denounced a rv bel (i'&.) ; but, 
on the pelilioti of the aasotnhly io thn fol- 
lowing March hu waa, mainly tbrougb ihf 
iuter>'entiwn of Lonl UchiltreefMoTBiK, .Ifp- 
nmiit, p. 133j, ndaxed from the bom and 
(•fmuttt'd to mtum lo hi* chorgv. 

Bt the aasftmbly held at Montrose is 
Mareh 1&»9-I0()0 Wvlch was a^n ap- 
pointed on(> of the viititora for NithsdaU 
(Caldbbwoou, VI. '23), and in August of the 
same j«arhe was trsnAferred to the parish oif 
Ayr as assistant to John Porierfiold.onwfaoM 
death in 1604 he was cho««] to nuccaed hju. 
Before ihia the prcnchinp of Welch bad be- 
gun to attract such crowd* that ihv towu 
couaii»l on ^ May \60'A resolved to build a 
DOW church. When Welch cauD to Ayr tbt 
town was noted for lis feud)) and riots, but 
by otipeariu;.' boldly on tho strweis. clad in a 
ati-rl cap, nnd intervfiiing in distuiHMUiOM,h' 
speedily siirreeited in encctiiig quite a refbr- 
million in public manner*. 

For having ooncunv'd in the maetin]; of 
the asMimbly held in Aberdeen in July K 
conlrarrtothe prohibition of the )diig,\Vi' 
alihoiigb he did not arrive iu Ab«rd«CD 
two days after the luiaemhly bad been 
wa» along with John Foibirs, the 
the first to he called before the priv» cou_._. 
to answer for taking part in it, and. haraf 
declined to (j'^" '"'* oath to answer fuck 
things afi might he demanded nf bim in re- 
gard to lliu delili-eratinjis ofthe assent' 1' ' 
was nn 21! July ordained to bo eomn^:'< 
ward in the cfistle of Blackness (Jity. J'. ' 
firot/. vii. likl), wberi' it was slal«d Ikr 
were ' more slrailly uwd than either JMoit* 
or murderers' {ib. p. 105), On 3 OcL be 
and othur ministers weru summoned toip- 
ptiur b«!fi>re the council on tho iMth, wkD 
tbey were found guilty, the couiwil 




in^ the form of thpirpuit MliiDfliittotholc lug's 
oirn will (CAT.PBKtvwD, vi. Mii-fM : Jteg. 
S\ C. Smtl. vii. 134-7). Aa they had put tii 
a dccliiuturc ofilipjiiriMiction of thecmincil 
in (be iuat(«r ibc- kuijr resolv>!>l, oa thin Ac- 
count, to put thom OQ trial for high trcik<ori, 
'wliicli Vixt duiiL' It on att'ixt: hvEd Ht l.iii- 
litliguw, whRii iLey were by a majority 
declared puiltr (we eniecially IvUlts lo 
Biul friira tho liiog on the Auhjcot in Jtri/. 
P. C. Searl. vii. -IT8-S6, lifS-ti: JJeclaration 
oftiteJiut Cannot i,f hi* Mnji-tfy'ii Prmmi- 
infit rtffomtt tk0»f MinUtfm u-ko art nute 
lying ia Primn attainted of High Tretium, 
Edinburgh, pririt«<) l>v Itobcrt OhnrttTrin, 
1606, alto repriuU'd mRey. P. V. Seotl. rli! 
ieB-2(t>, and in Calrehwood's Itialort/. vi. 
419-37; and Foriies, Keenrdt f'/ue/iini/ tAe 
Ettntr of the Kirk in tAn I'eaf IHitTt ami 
i6^*^■, in tlio Wodrow Soc.) Thu puitieh- 
mpDt fur liiifh tri-uon xtuit <\t rounti^ dnulJi, 
hot by the king'n direction the sentence wua 
commuted on '2Z Oct. Il300 to iwrpotunl 
bAiiUhm<-<nt from the kinj^s i)ominion», and 
tbuv were appointed to so on board a ship 
which on I \oT. saUtd with them from 
l^'itli to Etordvaux. 

(In Hrnvirig in France Welcli 9«t hiiniieir 
imroediatflly to master thu I-'rt'nch lAn^uagv, 
and thin with *uch diligence thut 'Ailliiii 
fourteen ■weeks ho vma abk- to pn-uch in 
French. Shortly aftt-T^anls hi; bi-cauio 
paaior of lb*» protirirlunt cbureli of "Svtuc, 
tben of JoDPac, and finally of 3r. Jvnn 
d'Angalj in BainlDti^^, vrbi^nt "iu: TvvnhintwX 
■ixteen year^ For Reyeral ^ataa after Iii« 
baniahment the town council of Ayr cnn- 
tinniHl rrf^lorly to n-mit to him hiit rtipt-nd 
aa minister of ilie piinidi. 

When St. Jean d'Anzcly, n strnnply forti- 
fied tuwn, wan bejifKVu by Louis -Mil dui^ 
ing the war againat thr protcalnnts in IClt*. 
n elclt sbowi-d givat zt.ii[ in t-ni^iuTtiifioK llic 
citizftna to n-i>i«tii»Cf, ami nMtAU'd iii .lurvitig 
tbe gone un iXw. wiill.'i. ilanug alsi^, oft^r 
til* capitulation of tbi- L-ity, ninlinui-d to 
pTMch aa U!>ual, hrt was iniinninnt'd before 
the king, nrho D'pritnsnd«id hini for vioUt ing 
the law forbidding onyrtno to n^e piibiirly 
wilhia I he riTgi- of Ibn court any other titan 
the eslablisbtd form of religious st-rvicp. To 
tbia rt:ioon»tranL-H Welch idircwdly n^plicd 
that if the king knew what he preached he 
would himself boLh romc to Iil'qt him and 
make nil bin nubji'ctK do the Hamt;, for what 
be preached wm thru, thepo wiw none on 
eertn above the king, which ngn« who htol 
adhered to the pope would ftay. This .".hrewd 
SDHwer »o pl(!a»ed[ tbe king tbai hoansweivd, 
'Verrwi'll, father, you shall !)« my minijtor," 
and protDiD4;d bini iiis i>rotcctiun. When 



thorafore the town waa captured again in 
the following ;ear tbe king, in awnrdanw. 
with Uia promiM, gave orders that guardl' 
sboiild be placed round the bouac of Welch, 
and al«o provided hor»ea and waggons to 
convoy him, bis family, and bin household, 
goods tu iJocLullo in safvty. J 

Welch never nt;ain rfiumi?J tobisoharge, 
hut went ui Zealand. whenL^:. tiuding himi>elf 
ill ducliniiig hi.-nllli, \\': sfnt a iH-Ittiun to tbd 
king of Kiij^laiid llmt he might bo permitted 
t-o ivtiim tohis native country-, nmi obtained , 
libirriy 1o Comoro lyindon, that be 'migfakj 
lie dealt with.' Th^re, through l>r. Young, 
dean of Winchester, an attempt woa made 
to obtain from Iiim a gunerol approval of 
epiiciipiicy, but without ellect. To his wife, 
who had gone lo the king to iLsk bis remis- 
■inn, lb<- king nri»wi?n-tl tlint h>- would gladly 
pardon him if slio would induce him to snli- 
mit to Ibe hiebo|w, to which she replied that , 
iihe wniitdrathorriY-iivi; hia decapitated head : 
in her lap^' I'leaw your majesty, I had 
rather Itep hi* head thi-re.' OnneAring. how- 
erar, that h(! was &o ill that be would not 
long survive, tbe king acceded tu bis ic- 
qtie^t for p<^nui)«ioii to preach in London; 
but he died (■- \\itA l(S2:;i two hours after 
concluding the services; 'ami 80,* says l7al- 
derwood, VmliL liix Anyi-* f\\. London, iifler 
tb(t exile of mannie ycers, with deBe^^'ed 
name uf unc bulie man, a piLinfuU and puwar- 
full [in-Bcii'iiir, and ft constant sufferer for 
the Lrueth' ylli/ittity, vii, fill ). llybia wifa, 
Klixabetb, ynnngest dsuRhler of John KnoX 
the rcfftmn-r (obo died at Ayr in January 
16^), Welch bad four sons and two daugh- 
ters, of whom Jo^ias hccnmo minister of 
Temple liar, or Teupb' Patrick, indand. 
Jane H'elsh, the wife of Thr^mas Carlyle, 
claini'.-d di<&cuiU from Welch, and tkroiigb' 
him from John Kuox. 

Welch was ibu author of a ' lEeply against 
Mr. (iilhert Ilrowne, prii-*l ' (Edinburgh, 
IflO:^; nnothRr inlilion, Cilasgow, 1672);] 
' L'.\rmsgedd>cin de la Itabylon Apocalyp-' 
tiqiie,' Joniwc. 1612; ' FoTty-cight Sftlinit . 
SermoBH ... to which is prefixed the Ilia* 
l/iry of His Life nnd Suflerings,' (ilasgov.j 
L771, bvo: and 'l<etlvrs toMr. Uobert Boyd 
of Tfichrig,' in the Wodrow Society. 

{Hiitorin bv CiildHrwood iiiiJ ■SjMttisn'ood; 
iU-g. P. C. Seotl. v-vil,; Select Jliagraphto* in 
the Wodrow .SocIbIy ; Hew Scott's L'sMi KrHcniai 
Scutii-aiue. ii. 85-6 ; The History of Mr. John 
WeUb, Minisior nt Aire, filimgow, 1703; 
Mi't'ric's Lift.' of John Kaoi : Chambura's Biugr. 
Did of Kminrnl Scritscnr-n.] T. 1'", tl. 

WELCH, JOSKl'H <rf. 180r>), compiler of 
'Alumni \^'l^^mpnal^te^iMlflea,'wajl for forty 
years oasistant to Mr. Ginger, bookseller lo 



'Weetmuulor acliooL He prepared a list of ] 
srlidliini, wliirb fur mtiny vear* lii; »o\A ill 
nuiiiuAcripl. In 1788 he priiitcd it under' 
the titlp ' A Liit nf Scliolarn i>f St. Pclfr'n [ 
Cotl*'^, WeslminetiT, m tU-.y wem vlocied 
toCIirist Churcli CoHeRe, f )j(fi»rci,uid Trinity ' 
Collier, Cnmbrid^, fromlStil to tln'prnMnt 
time, l-':iiidoit, ito. To it be pwHxed li»l« 
of the duuLS of Weetm inciter, tlio d^anH of 
Otuiflt Clturvb, (Jxforil, the iua«tvn> uf Trinity 
OoUegeiCninbridgi^.iuidLhpniaatiTsiif WpfU- 
minst^tr Bcbool. Th« work wbs rvputilidlied 
in lK.'i:*,uncIiTl.iit*rditon<hip i)fOh«rlfi<Kngot 
Pbillimore, with th*> addition of ihi' Queen's 
sobolars from lf!03, and of copious biwRm- 
phical notes. Th* work in gi'tit-rnlly krifiwii 
u 'Alumni WoeiniDniLslerieafies,' WvLch 
died in April lyOo. 

[Gent. Xh^. 1805, 1. 380.] K. 1. C. 

WELOHMAN,i-:i>WAK[)ilffli:.-I73n), 
thulogtan, t>on afJobn Welchnian, ' ((eniJt,- 
man,' uf nnnbury, Oxfurdfthirv, was bum In 
IflGTi. lie wiL" mill TtfrulntBtl lut n comuonpr 
of MapdalDn Kail, Oxford, on 7 July I67!>. 
lU- wits on" I'f ihi) choristt'in of MuiidBK-n 
Colli'^e in that university from U\'ii till 
leWi (BloXAM, Hfsilter of MayUileti Vo!- 
tfve, i. 117). Me procnijdwl lt.A.on:J4 April 
1683. was admitted a pmbalioner f«iIow of 
MertontJoIlegwin ]li84, and commenced M..\. 
on Id Juno iiiSti. Hittcollofc prt<9i»it);d him 
in HiW to Ihrt rectory of Lnpworth, War- 
wiclubire, and lio wm qUo r«ctor of Berkeis- 
wcll iu tbv mail.' counts-, llu bvcnniD arcb^ 
deacon of Cardigan and u prelw^ndary of St. 
David's on 7 Au^. 17^7. Aft<!rwan)e liv 
becatni^dmpliiiii to thr bi»linp of hiclifiidd, 
wliw coUaieil liim to th« pmbend of Wolvny 
in tliiit ciLtbi-dnil on I^H S.-nt. 17.^3. He ol>- 
laiiK^d ihi^ rtjctnrT of .Solihull, Warwick- 
Hhire, in 173tt, and held it uuLiI bia death 
onl9Moy 1739. 

Ilia son John grnduatnd M.A. at Oxford, 
tnd became vicar of Tnniworth, Wnrwick- 
•hire. Anollit-rswi ki-pt an inn at Strinford- 
on-Avon, and used to bonat tlmt hi» father 
mud« the Tbirly-nino articlire {-Sjiintuai 
QHiial^, bk. xii. cliap. x.) 

Ilie priotinal work is: 1. 'Artionli 
XXXIX. Ecclrsijo Anfflicana' Textibu» o 
Sacra Scriptura depromptia oonfirinari, hre- 
TibuMfiie NDtiailUistmti ; cum Appeadice de 
Doctririii I'ntniin,' Ijxfiiril, 1713, 8vo ; r<^ 
printed 171t*, 1721; 5th edit. 1730, 1774, 
1793, 1819. Ail EnKtiali translatian from 
the sixth tiditiou appeivruil undiT iho title of 
'nil- Thirty-nine Articles of Ihs t'hurch of 
EngLnnd, illuMtratvd with Xotiw," 1770; rt'- 
pnntfJ in 1777, I7«3, I7<.H), 180r., 1811, 
1823,1)^4, and 1842. 



AmoD^ hia oLber |mbUcations tre : 2. *i 
llefence of llu: nhiirch of Englnnd from US~ 
Ch»ifv of Schism and Hen>iiif',a.'> laid i^ioK 
it l>r [fl^nry Dodweir the Vindicator of 
t hw deprived Hi.shoiw' (anon. I, London. ItJEW, 
4to, 8. 'The llu!ibandmaii'» Uanual: 
dircoting him how to improve the wveral 
actions of bin calling, aod lh« nioet uwia) 
occnrrences of his life, to the glcwy of Ood, 
and the benefit of his toul.' Loodoiit lOt^ 
8vo; Mth t-dil. Ijomion, 1B18, ftvo; new 
wlil. Undoa, 1821, 12mo. 4. ' Dr.Clartte'i 
Scripture Doctrinr of thi- TrioitT examined ; 
to wliirh are added Rom»> remark* on hii 
seniiments, and a brief examiaation of hti 
Dnctrinfl,' Oxford, 1714, 4lo. r». An rdi- 
tion with notvs of 'D. Aurolii Ahl ' 
|]ip[)Oi]rn>ii» E[H#£opi Liber de ll^r 
ad quod-vull-Uiiuin, una cum (jennadii .Mu- 
siliensis Appendice.'()xrord,1721,Kva. 0. *A 
Ccmfi-runCL' with an Arian : occasion 'd bf 
Mr. Whi*ton'B Itejilv to thf Karl of Xotting- 
bam ' (anon.t, (tsford, 1721, Sro, 7. "A 
Iliala^uo bi-lwixl a IVotwlaot Minister snd 
a Romish l'rie.*t,' 3ri1 Ptlit. Londnr !"-" 
8vo: 4th edit. 1735. 8. ♦ Novatiaoi Pr 
ItomaniOpem, qua'- extant, omnia, COT: 
loiilje ijuaiu utii{uam antehiu edits, notii 
ilhwtruto," Uxford, 1734, 8vo. 

[.Viiiiit. MS. 8883, f. M«A; Briij__ 
Kngl. K^uion* «f Onnk aod Lalio Am 

[■p. 721.747 ; Cookea PrmL-lier'B .^MBUnt; ft 
n Ilnoha'n Now MemoiTH of I^icrnlure, I'Sft 
i!. 133: I'oHivr'e Alumai Oxon.. l.'iao^l7I4. it. 
15^4 ; Li- Ncv«'a tVuiti, mI llMnly, i. 31A. 3» 
643, W^Hxl'i /thenar Oiun. ed. Itlin, if. 481.] 

T.C. 
WELD, CILVKLKSRirilAKDdSlS- 
]N.>9), historian uf tlit- ICoyal Hocii'iy, kn 
at Winil.ior in Autrust IRl.'l, wm the ion rf 
Isaac Widd id. 1X24) of Dublin, bv to 
»0C0th1 marring*!, contract t^l in 181 -J, to \,ari, 
onlv daughter of Eyre Powi'll of l.irwitt'fla- 
nel[, Kildare. He was thus balf-broilift tu 
Imuic Weld '(|. v.} In 18:H>be acmmpauird 
his pareniH to France, whvre thuy occuptfl 
a ciinteau m>ar Dijon. After ilia fathcri 
death he n>tuniLtl to Huhliu and atteadcd 
classes atTrinilyColiegrt, but titok nodvgns 
there. In 183d li>> proceeded to l^ndonawl 
took up an nppoiut ia«iit na secretary to tb 
.Stnlistirjil Socipty. Three VMr» later !» 
niarriud Anne, daughter of llenry Sidvwd 
and nioce of Sir John Franklin ; her cldrt 
sister, Emily, niarried Alfred ToBnjsWj 
and b'_-r youngeitt sister, Louiaa, toarhee 
Charlus 'K'nnysoii. Weld atudied at ibt 
Midillt' reuinle, and was calMl to the htf 
on ii Nov, 18+4; but scienet* wa.* bis inie 
voratiun, and, iindt-r th>^ friendlv adviM 
of Sir .Tohn Barrow, he bc.'cam< 





Weld 



>57 



Weld 



■s»i«tant HTCivtiiry umX Ubmrikb to tlie 
R1150I 8od«tT, R |io«t which h«' !i'*ld for six- 
teen yaare. The senior necreurv- At ihi^ 
ticD<* w»i» I>r. Peti*r Mark Rogvl [q. v.] 
With Itojret's n-nnn rncourk^i-ciii^cit \\'Ad 
CDmmenc*>d at nnp*- upon ih*? wyrii by wJiirli 
he in rptnctnlK^trd, and wliich Appeared in 
two To1iiroe« in 18-W ns'A Iliflory uf tliu 
IloTftl Socifl.T with iletiioirs of th« l*r<?.-i- 
dvntv. c'^inpilvd i'niii Auth>.>nlic DocumenU* 
1_l<(inilan, Svo). TU" Ixtolc vrnfi illu^ilmti'^d 
by dmwuieB made bv Mrs. \\'eld, and pmvfld 
« Wfll-Trrifli'ti tuiil iiiiich-n<-<^t<-d oiipplpinpnl 
to thfi hwiorir's nf Hireh nnd Thrirnson. An 
iDterestinK appeudiic to the T»IumQ& is the 
•I)McripcIvf CuwI&(rn^^ of th'- I'ortnvitii in 
Ute poMassioii of the Ko^l ^TJiciety,' which 
Weld compiled by ordt-r of the cauneil ill 

Ill 1850 WVId comnwnri'd hi* nffn-i!iifjlr 
wriuon serifs of ' Vacation Tours,' witn 
'Aurt^rfriii', Pi'^lniont, and ^roy; & Sum- 
mer Ramble,' follnwed in lr^'i-1 by * A Vnoi- 
tion Totir ia tbv Unitpd States and Canada.' 
dMlicat«d loI«i«r Widd, who*' o\«t> 'TraToU 
in North America' bad excited much atten- 
tion in \7W. Xtxt came 'A \'Bcat!un in 
Britfany' {!S-'iOt, * A N'aculion 111 Ireland' 
(ISo7), 'The Pyreiie*a, Went and Ka-t ' 
O^SOi, 'Two Months in ihe ITicliIands, 
t>iT«"iia and Skve' (!?*«»),' Ln.t, Witit.-r in 
Home '(l8tW|.'' Fl'in-m-e thu New (Capita] 
of Italy ' ) 1867 1, ond ' Xol*?s on HutKundy,' 
•diUitl bf MrK. Wi/Id ahi-r hiT liiishiind'c 
death in iHOy. Many of iheae wens illus- 
trat«td by Ihf author'" nwn sk«itrh(*H. 

Wftid was till* chii'f helper of .Sir John 
Ftaoklin in rhe home work conneicted with 
liM Arctic colorations, and wn^an nnthority 
no every matter oonii);['ti.'d with thu polar 
circle. He ia§uw! in 1850 a well-l-imi'd 
lecture un ' Arcliv LlxpttditioiLii.' ori[;iiiaIly 
di'lirvr^l al rhi- IxtiidOTi ln-*liriitrnn on 
6 Feb. 18-5'*, and ihia was followed by 

SwrnplilfftH upon the i»!>arch far Franklin 
luriiiff IB'd. 

In I66L he re«i|[ned his post at the Itoyal 
8acietj. and he ihoitlT ftftorwnrd* bi'came 
t partner in the publishiug busineHs with 
Lcn-ell lieevc. In IWi2 he whs enlrusted 
with ihi- pn-panitibn und mniiiigi'tn'-iii of 
Ihv philotMiphical df partmtint >i{ llio Inter- 
national KxhibiLBon. and he was nlso ap- 
nointed a 'dwlricl vupi!rin1t>ndi-iil 'nf thm-x- 
oibiriiin. He repnyiented fireat Britain 
at iheFarisExbibitionof ]847,asonu ofthe 
BMistnnt lyimniiMioni-n, and hi^ ahlt^ n^pnrt 
an the ' Philosophical InBlrumenls and 
Apparatus for ToachinffScirnco' was pnnled, 
and afterwards abridged for the ' Illuiitmted 
iKMidon News' (5 Oct. I8ti7l. In the 



autumn of It^ hi<! wont on n tour in ltur> 
Rundr, and during the wiater Kuan ha 
dflivfP.-d ."evcnil papers at the ' Bath IJtt— 
raiv and I'hilowiplticiLl Aasucialion,' in iJie 
wolfrire of wliiph ho took a warm intercstJ 
tk* died suddt'iily at his residenre (ainca 
imH), IMU-VM,-, \«w HridR.- tlill.Denrltath, 
uu 15 Jan. )8itll. He wa« survived by t 
widow mid n 'laiiKhler, Mias Acnes Grace 
Weld. A portrait of Charles Ilicfiiml Wold 
is pn-fix^d tn the post humous' Nulwou Bur- 
gundy ' which hi! was preparing for iha press 
at the lime of hit* di-atb. 

(It>i)ci*t.T and ]Uagaiia» of Blogniphy. 1869, 
i. :i3i; Timo*. 19 San. 1869; Men of tho llfi^, 
fith odit. ; Allibuiio'a DictJoimry of Kti^ltKh 
literature; Ilrit, Mu», t'at.; private iafotiua- 
tiou.J T, S. 

WEIJ>, Sm FKKUEKICK AL0YSTi:3 
(IfS^Jt-iyyi >,coloniaIffov»runr,lKinujn!»MKy 
18^3, camonrn well-lcoown Uomiin catholic 
family, beiun iht- third non of Humphrey 
W«!d of Chidt'ork Manor, Dnrset. and Chris- 
liiia .Mitria, khcouiI dnufrhtvr of Charles Clif- 
ford, sixth bnron OlifFord of Ohnillci^h, lie 
waa ftlncated nt Sfonyburst College and at 
Freiburg in Switzerland, and in 1844 emi- 
grated to Xew Zealand in ordf r to durota 
himcdf to frracing^bcvp and cattle. He soon 
attracted public notice, and was in 1S4S 
oHiTCd a seat in llif iiomint^e eouncit, which 
hf declined, soon afterwards taLin^ a leading 
part in the agitation for niiirfs-Mit alive ineti- 
tiitionc. In IS.'iO and part of |N5| Im waa 
in I'^trghiitd, but I11U.T in the latter year car- 
ried out cxuloratiiiiia of i*onie inlerpst in the 
itiLinhabiteu dii^iricts of the iniddle ialand, 
and ajfain in ISori amund \eIson. In that 
vear he also paid a visit, rn ihc Sandwich 
Inlniidii, and luicended Mauna Ivja. 

W'i'ld beramo in ScptfrnhtT 1W;I a mem- 
ber of the House of Kepres<-nl8iivvB of New 
S^cnland. In 18*>4 ha wn^ for a lime one of 
the special members of lliu executive coun- 
cil. In Noveml>rr IS(HJ he joini^l the finiit 
SlalTord uiiuistryof- miriisterfornativeafliiirs, 
but was thrown iml of nilifi- in July I>^61 by 
thtj resignation of the minifltry. In No- 
VHiwbi-r 1WS4 he wii»»ummoniil by thegover- 
por. Sir neorgc- fJrr-y, to form a ministry. 
The pwriofi was a critical one; ihei* had 
been much dimension bt-tween the retiring 
miuistry and the governor; thu policy of ihf 
ministcrsiLsrcgardst he Maori!! wttAiliHtriiKtnd, 
and iheir interfureiici' in n'sp™t of military 
operationi' was resenled. Weld Inid down 
the conditions on which he could accept. 
nlHc^ in u mi^rnornndum which enunciated 
the sound principlfs of minijl'^rial rwponsi- 
bility. The eoveruor accepted theto at oucc 
On 24 Nov. lam hi became premier and 



chief KcreUry, nnd, tJKmgli len tban u year 
ia office, nre a. eompletolj n«w tiirti t« 
evenu, aau left ■ umrk ujpoit ai3iui»tatra- 
Uon in New K«aUntl. His first efforts wew 
diivctwl to cunclu(lin{{ tlu' Mauri wtr with 
e<ilonu)l ttfMips am) by ^lorilU metbo<l» 
rather than with the cxpuusivo itujieria) 
trv»ipii,nnt],iLtlh<m(i;lih<Mva;triiil)LarraM«d t)jrn 
dinpute Willi llie military cnmtiuindvr, Lieu- 
tenant •genera I Sir Hiincan Alexander CWniK- 
ron.lie Ikid rhe b&HistW thoauoomful termi- 
nolion of tie war: at thi aaine time tie 
carried our tli'_- coiitiAcaiionof Waik&to. inati- 
tul«diiat4V(i land eour1«, and carried a native 
righu bill. lie atao initinted pronoaala for 
tfaempnsenUtiim of tbt; Maoris in ttiu Hotiai' 
of RetnewnCatiTea. H\» ad uitni»t ration rv- 
Btorea the credit «f tfai? culoiiy, atid brought 
back atabilily l<> itt tiiiaiiC'-i'. A t4>l«({ni[i)i 
cable for connecting tlin two islandA vraa 
bflgus, and the capital of tliecolonj reino\'?d 
!<:■ Weill ni^t>>n, in acconlft nee wiOi the rcctim- 
mundal ion of ajmmifisious mnde in 1^3. In 
Jnly ISdi) ttji- crisis cftu*wl by the difference* 
witL General CamtTon liad blown ovor, and 
Weld met bi^ [larliumont again ; but on the 
Otai;^ rcsefA'-^a bill Iil' wat< »1iakcn, and on a 
(]ii<.>fitii]n iif itiiiifHiiug HtainjidiitieR be waiK all 
but defcalod. His lieallh was already jjiving 
WBV, und on IH Oct. ISrtfi bf naifti'i?'!. and, 
O!* tbi.' ^lrtll*>^'^wdiMolve(^, relnrned tii Hnjr- 
land far rlian^i; and rent. 

Ilii administration mado n conaiderable 
inijfr<?«*iinn in Downing.' Rlrwt, and in IRiWt 
he waaappiiiuted Rnvernor of Westi?rn Aus- 
tralia. In hi« ni-w i*plnTt' WVld continnod 
to do well. lU obtain'?'! the introductioii 
of an etectivi- cli'mcnt into tho Lopislative 
Council, and vnL'<JurB^'i.'d tfav v»tablisbm<.-nL 
of miiuid|>a) in.^titiilions: nn edncfliion art 
passodiu 1871. provided fur till- etjuttlity of all 
rfiligiotisdi'nmiiinntinn*. }li.-t aduiiniAlralioii 
coincided with a period of distinct develop- 
ment in tbe colony ; it was mnrlted by tlie 
oomplption of ncystem of internal t.obignipli.s, 
lliu ".■stnblisbni'ent of a steam service rtiiind 
the coasta. and the commi'nccmcnt of the first 
railway. In January ISTJiliewast-ransferrfld. 
on the tompletion of bia term of office, to 
Tactnania. He came ul u diilicull I inie. wlu'n 
t\iv perauiiiil aiitaanniam of fnelions iu tbn 
legislature occupied allention lo the e>:- 
OllLsion of public biisin<^ss. Hisccnllict wilb 
the jndgea over tbo release of th(= woman 
Ilunt created a Btorm. Hib term of office is 
cliielly marWl by the discoyery of tin, He 
waa at Hvdney for tlie opt^aing of the Inter- 
nationalExbibition of 1}^7&, and was tran&- 
farrud iu April 1880 to tbt: govemmunt of 
the StraiU Settlemcnta, where he arrived on , 

ejuy. 



A^ain Weld*g lot fell un a time of mueii 
oxpattaion in th« colony to which be waa 
apputniixl. In tbv rvKulalioa of the rapid 
Chinese ieatuiflTntion he hail a diifttrult t< 
Hie name is cuunocted with ^tieral iinnr 
mt^nt of ibtt public boildiiiga and tbe tit 
Mueeom, but be particularly duvotitl 
M-lf t<> lb«> cousolidationof relations with I 
natiTf> fitat^^'a. In March Ili^S he wcntil 
Malacca to settle the Iteuibau ditturl 
and laid the foundation of the arrangein< 
wbicb led <o the exincnce of the \>\ 
Etat« of NcffTi Scmbilao: in May ISfifi] 
UTttugod a now IroaLy with the suhonl 
Johore ; in May iH87 Ite prooevdml to '. 
at « coQiniiaeioner to report on the chiims of 
certain ehinftiiins ojpuiul th« British North 
Ilomen Company. In Noromb^r laH? he 
wtxit to I'abaug, and left there a itriusb 
«^eii?y, which was «oon followed bya rcfVi- 
lar protectorate. 

WWd retired on a pension iu 1887, and, tv^ 
I umin); to KoKlaud. uied at Chide'ick Manor. 
Bridport, on 5o July I8i)l. lie wan made 
('.U.«. in ld75, K.C.M.G. in ISfO. ao 
G.C.M.(}. in IHST.. He marnwl.o»2: 
IS^, Filomena Afary Anoe, daajrht«r 
.\mbrum) IJsle Manh PbillippG de lisloj 
Onrenden Park, Li^ii-j^ter. By her he 
»i\ sons and »evea daughters. 

Weld WA.1 a man of ability and cultutn;., 
straiff'htforwiLnl and chivalrous, both a5 0iiflp~ 
sler and ffovernor, but Appappntlr wautin^] 
tRctnndciiocrotion. I'oit WrldintheSt 
Settlement* ia named aflvr biw. He 
two or (hrw pamplilet« on atfaim in 
Kunlaud, ihv tjiicf uf which are 'Hinte 
intending Hheep t'armera in Nctt Zeali 
l..uudan, l^A, and ' Notea on New 
Affair;*,' l>)n()ot), 1&fl9 ; tho latter conlain>| 
g^iod sketch of hifi own policy. 

[burke'a Dindcd Geuiry : Manner's t)i(t.i 
Auslralnsiiui Bioftrapby : OtsbociMi'R ]{ul«ra 
StAtesrneii uf New Malauil; Ruvdca'* UUl. ' 
Npw Zealnod, vol. ii. chapv. >ii. and xiii. f^ !BT 
SO}.: Olotiiiil Officii List. 1886; Weld'* Nuui 
iin New /mlanii ABain, L'arl. Pap«c« Of UH< 
Fvntgn's Tatnania. ch-xviii.; inmrnatkii to* 
nigJiod 1^ Sir Jamta SvcUonban) of Ibe Strala 
St-tllaiaaabt] C. A. H. 

WELD, ISAAC a7r-l-1856>, topoerip 
pbicul writer, horn in Hwit Street, DnMUi, 
on 15 Viircb 1774, waa the eldewt ton hxhit 
firei wife, Elisiiboth Kerr, of Imoc U'eU 
(rf. 1H24). Rud b«lf-brf>lher of Cliarlofi Ri- 
chard lA'eld [q. >*J niBfTeat-jrrsat-ffnuiil- 
father, tbe Kev. Edmuiid Weld, of Olaney 
Cft.slb.',co.Cork, infiie limeof CromwoUrsw 
undE^r Weld, ThoBas], was thti dcaoeBauit 
of l^ir liicbani \\'eld of Eaton. Ilia |[Tand* 

father wu iuuiii»i iuac after NewtoBfT 




Weld 



159 



Weld 



tntiiitnl« fri«D(J of liU fCTwnUgmndfalher, Or. 
Nathaniel Weld. Both NalTiiiniel (rf. 17801 
rdO hiR )u>nlRa*c(r/,1778)H-»T>>ilistiugii»iti>>al 
for1>!*mingaiiil pirayin thnniini^tr)-, wliicJi 
tliev held i>ucc«9sively in New lEow, Dublin. 
Thf Inflcr edited, in four vohinios, in 176ft, 
witli 'n preface niviuti wun- account of tlie 
lifeofthe Author/ the 'I'i.TOimea on Variotu 
Sul^ccts ' of l>r. Juliii lA'liiiid. 

Yonnjr Isaac, the Ihini of tUt. nfiioi*, wn* 
»eut to the Bch'jol of Samut'l Wbylu in (Jriif- 
t^n St ri-rt, and itn'iici' tn ihiit of liiKhiiiu'inL 
Rarhaiilil at I'al^rave. noar l>isH, Norfolk, 
when* ho hud a» schoolftdl'jws Th'tmas, aftar- 
wards flnit l>ord DenruAn, and Sir Willinui 
Gell. From Visa lie proceeded to Norwich as 
a prirait' pupil to Dr. Kiifirld, l>y whom In- 
was iutritauced to the Tavloraml .Mariinoau 
fiuniltee. lie left Norwich m 175)3, and t-no 
jaen later, having rL-it')hi<d upoii i-xplurinir 
the resource* of tlw t'liitwl State* iind 
Canada, he Mt aail from Dublin for Phila- 
drlphia. Hr nrriviKl in Nuvi'inlx.'r ir{)'% lii« 
voyage harintr ORCupifwl snme sisty dBy«, 
and "pnnt n littlo ovur two years la thu 
rounTrr. .^fwimpanicd hy iifaithfiil.vrratiT, 
wmotitnK on hoisebaok, sometimes 00 foot 
R in a ca&M, ho mode kij way (ofl<;n under 
the guidaoce of Indians'), through the vtM 
fereeta and along thi.- gn'at rivent. IIo nnr- 
nowl^- sac«p*(] Miipwruek on I.uku Kriu and 
MOipcrivnc'-il all tiie advculure incid^-nt I0 
VWfiing throuffh an unsettled country, wliiln 
m thu tou'us m mixi'd in the bust (wck-ty, 
and bad the privil*?ffe of mt>etin|f flenran 
Washington. He paid a visit to Mount 
Vrni'in, and inwliCiLtrHl ttitim thi> «Iiiviu(' 
cabias that dl!>fi^urtHl the proHixict. Tho 
impedinifnti!! to locnmotion were such that 
ituxtkhimtwoday^iind t^vo tu^)il« to i^ncli 
AJbanv from New Vork, and eight da-ys bi-- 
twoen')kfontt«al and Kinfpilon. tic rctumod 
famaeattbeciou'of 1797 " without ontertnin- 
ing^thcfliirhlestwuili to revisit' the Aincricjiii 
OUDtineut, and publith'-d through Stodcdtik-, 
in January 1709, hi-» 'Travel* through ihi- 
Stal«8 of North America and the ProvinceH 
of I jipiT nnd I^wi-r l^nnndn diirinK 'h*? 
Vears 1705, 1706, and 171*7 .' The work wiw 
received with great favour, and before the 
vmir wa.* nut a wcnnd oditifin wna called for. 
The 6r9l was in tiuarto, with plates IVom 
original 8kfvtchi-« by the author, tho second 
in two Toluine.8 octavo, with fokled p]at«s ; 
other editions followed m 1800 aud 1807. 
A Fwnch vemion waa handaomety goi. up in 
Plana, with rnluced copi«r« of th" plat<-Ji, 
'better than the originn^.' Two Oenniin 
tnuulalion* were made, one by Knenig and 
tht other by Mm<^. tlerti, and a Dut^h ver- 
non alw appeared, with copiw of the platea 



in the original utt. W«]d waa iutroducud 
at the 'Institut' at Patia as an American 
irnvidliT, was (Oect«d a momlwr of the His- 
torical aud [.itontry Society of Quvbac, and 
I on 'J7 Nov. IHOO was elected a member of 
llio Royal Dublin Society, of which hcsub- 
setmeutly (in ISiy) became vici-]ir<.>#ideiit. 
I Tn I8OI, at the request of the lord !in«- 
I tvaitiil of Ireland, Lord llardwickc. Weld 
, drew up a paper on the »uhjfct of i-mi^ra- 
I tiun. basL'd upon some of the data given in 
, hU lioolc, in ivhicli nn ttlforl wn* irindn to 
I divert the sMream of emigration fn)m the 
' United Statoa to Canada. Lord Ilardwicke 
in return int^rwAti^ hinaelf nicoo«afiilly in 
procuring for Weld Ibe rerenioa of a lucra- 
tive poM in the Irith cuatoms, which had 
liueo hold by his father. When, however, 
tbe father dieil in 1824 the salary of the 
i>o*t wae reduced to vanishing point, and 
Weld never secured any Hdei:[uate couj]>ea- 
sution for this injuetii'e. 

Ill th(t inecintimii W«ld huil fully <<uk* 
tnined his repiiiatinn na a topographer in bis 
' (Uustratious of tlio Scenery "f Killnmey 
and The aiinroiinding Country' (l.r)ndnn,lrtl7, 
1(0, aud 181:;, 8vol, illustrated by eigbteea 
engravings on coppi'r from dmwitiga by the 
author. During nis peregrinations in tbe 
south-wost of Ireland he iiavijjated the lakes 
ill a boni wliiiib h*: mauufactutvd out of com- 
pr**«fd brown paper, ncid he also ascended 
The then little Known summit of Gheraun- 
tael, in the Macgillicuddy Ituiiks. 

In May D->lo he saih^d upon what was 
then tliuiight a imriloim voyage, embarking 
in the pi'itn-i-r 14 horw-powrr i<tvamboat 
■ Thami'<<. sailing from DunWry fo London. 
Hid voyiiRe, dunng which, tliongli the 
! wentli^r wa^ rough, the innnll slcamcr ovcr- 
I hauled all the shipping in the Cbnnnel.fonni.'d 
! the auhjcct of an dnimnted nnrrativo in 
I ' I'raaerV Magazine' for Septi/mljer 1S48. In 
1838, at which time he hold the post of 
Kcnirir honorary sucretary to thv Ituyat Dub- 
lin Society, Wi-ld drew up for this l>ody hi« 
compendious ' Statistical Survey of the 
noiinlynflto*coniTnon'( Dublin, Mvrt). W'-ld 
took ft keen interest in IrUh indust ria-i, and 
first suggested thetriennialexhibilionswhidi 
the Royn! Dublin Society innngurated. In 
I 1H3** ho gave valuable evidence befoni tho 
I soloct committee appointed to inquire into 
tbe aduiniMraliou of the aociotv. In hia 
later years he travelle<d extensively in Italy 
and spent much time in Rome, where he ho- 
caine intimate with t,'ani)rii. Ke died on 
4 Aug. 1M6 at Ravenaweil, near Rrav, 
whero tho greater portion of bis later li/e, 
when he was not upon hit travels, had been 
spent. He married at Gdinburgli, in 1H)3, 



Weld 



160 



Weld 



Alvxjuulriiu [fomc, hut leA tu> hmne. Tlw 
■umbanof the Haytl Dnblia Sodccr nued 
B mooiniMnil In Ilia rormorT in Mount JifminA 
MoMeiy in the eoune of 1^7. 

{DaUia fair. Ha^. So. zHz (Jul lMT)i 
Pru& Ro^l Itvblia Hncittjr. xtiS. i. S. 31. it. 
Ktt.H. 17: Aikmmi. ISA;, t. Ifl; Simmi- 
•Bii'a Cu. of Vojrnfw Mil TravvU, Xo. VW ; 

SfofAbir R«v i;g9 Ui. sm. iito« i is: 

Qwn«rl7 IUt. ii. 314 ; RAwUlPa Uta at 
JdRoda. UM. iii. »<>: Oeot. Uii«. IftM. L 
810 ; Ttackmuta't AmrrK* nt\A bar C«BaiBt»- 
tan. Itft4, p 20s. Ilrii. Ua*. Cat.] T. S. 

WELD. WELDE. or WEiIlB, THO- 
M\S (ISMP IWU), puritan divine, wu 
bora iti the ■onth of EnaiUDti about 1590, 
ami HucalMl at Caml>ridg«, wb«T« ho ^- 
duftti^ ill lillX lit* waa butituted vicnr 
of Terliiiflr, I-Uaex, in 1624. On 10 Nov. 
IQ.V ho joinMl to Ihf puHlan pclilktn to 
Witliara i^nd^.v.].th«Bbiahi^af LoDdon, 
in faTour of Tanmas Qoolwr [q. r.] On 
SSrpt. IKtl be wnad«priff«d bj Land for 
Doncon/ufmiir. and succeeded by JnhnSul- 
bam '^q. V. Hf' eoiifrrated to N«ir England, 
arriving at Boaion on fi June 1032. In 
Juljr Itn waa appointed 'paafor' of Fint 
[{nxburr, Masaaciiutu-ltx. On -1 Not. John 
Eliot [q.r. ,' t\u- hiOiaii ai>o«tlr,' waa aamr- 
ciated irith him m ' tMcner.' He vnfi a 
omnber of the ' ai»>_'mbl_v of tb«i chnrchce ' 
(th« first of till- ]iuritan ayiiodit nf New 
Hn^lnnd ) vliicli met for tltr«e weeks at New- 
town (renamvd ratnbridgv in 16!tH). and 
eondemned on W Aug. Ift17 tlu' amino- 
nian Tiewa of John \Vh««lwnf!bt (16H2?- 
16791 of I)niintre«, and his siaU-r-in-liw, 
Mr«. .^nn« Hutchinson [q-T.] In the in- 
ierral between thp two trials of Mr^.Tlntchin- 
son before thu civil doiu( at Newtown (Oc- 
lobiir in;Ct anil the cceleatastleal court at 
Bo-ttnii <].'> March 1638), she was detained 
in Weld's cUnrgw at Kozburjr iind«r MUtonCe 
of haniftliincnt. 

Iti Julv hKia John JoMelyn [q. t.] brought 
to Boston fromFrancisQuarles [q. v.]ik new 
metrical tvrKioti of tax malma. This sug- 
gested the nrepamtioQ of a |iwU«r to iupfT- 
sedv St«>muoId and Hopkiti*. Weld look 
juirt in thii work (which N^al calls ' a mean 
Twrf.irmancp ') with El iot and IS ichard 
Moibcr [q. v.] it wn» pubUaht-c! m 'Tin- 
WhoV Booke nf l^^alm^j. faithfully Irana- 
lated into English Metre,' 1640, $vo ; no 
plac'-' or printer ia given, but it w«j printed 
at Cambridge, itassocbunttB, by Stephen 
Haye 'q. v.] Known as the 'Bay Psalm 
Boolt,* it is momornbto ns thu fir»l volume 

frinted in lh« American colonies. luAuffuiti 
Oil Weld WAS sent to England with llueh 
IViAm ij. v.] as one of ibo agents of tW 



eelon^. U* viuied Lead in tbe Tow»r, 
cUiauBC rvdrMsfcrfionMrgnevano^a. Laai) 
* r^nentbrtcd no nidi uiog ' I Bntrw. 
Grvml tmfatttr VnmaAwi^ j,!^]). la 
1612 be accompuued IVtafs in the Iruh 
exwdition nnder .\lexaa(li*r, lord ForbM- 

Betng in [»n<li)n in KUJ br- ni>-t ■» itb ia 
Bccatrat of rEfWhcftwrighl and HoirhiuMa 
ca«e, * newly cone forth of thti prewr,' »tili 
title * A Caulof^oe of Kmneou? Onioiou 
opod«iased in >ew E^nxlaml,' 1614, 4 to (rf 
prioited lO^t, 'and, bring earnestly jirvNeJ 
By ^v«fM tu perfect it.' ho added a pn-faro 
and ■ codcliiuon. It was iwued as ' A i?t'C. 
Story of the Rise, Reign, and Hutu of tb> 
Antinoniian«,FaintIuta,Jt Libert iut^.tbulia- 
fected the Chafrlies of Xerv-EngUnd,' l(iU 
4tQ. It has beenconjiTturcd thai tW ituia 
account WM drawn up by John V'n''^ ; 
fq. T.l Wberfwriirbt replied in '>!■ 
Amrncanu*," UH.'., 4ia. In Hi4H \\ r,^ -.- 
relieved of hb atrt^ncy and Kc«Ued to N** 
England. He dtd not return, and %pfem 
iu have ret&ained in London. 

In 16(9 be was put into the rvctorjor 
Su MarrV, Gateshead. Ucve he took fnrt 
with ^Villia^1 l>ura»t <<f. 16SI), SsBU'l 
Hammond, I>.1>. [q-v.], and otberv, ia con- 
tfnT'-rey with qiiaben and in eJipoaii^ tb* 
impoi?! lire of Tbnmaa Ramsay [q. v.] Aceovi- 
ing to the church book* bia oonnoction «ilk 
QateshMul ceased in 1067; it is not inpriV- 
baMe that he nade some stay in IreliBi 
lie »i|rned the declaration against the in- 
surrection of flfth-iDoiiarchy men isMid 
(January I*VI1 ) by cf^ngregatioiial m'misl'is 
' in and about the city of London.' Iln 
sucoweor at Uale-»hvnd (John Laidler)^ 
not ^TMenled till lit March 1060-1. W-U 
is said to have died in Kuglnnd on 'IZ March 
1061-2. H*r was twii-.- mnrrird. lliaeldMt 

, aoD, Thomas Weld, graduatnl M..^ at Usr- 
vard in 1641. and n''mitin'''l in Nrw Kugland. 

I Another son, Kdniund \>'eld, graduatol >< 
Ilarvard in Ift'ill, became one of CromwHl' 
chaplains in Ir«>1und, wa.^ indepf-ndrtnt uilai' 
tt«r at KiiiMle, co. Cork, in 165>5, and laitf 
at BUmev Castle, co. Cork, and dii<d is 
166S. Kg«<i -^7. This Edmund Wehl wu 
father of NatJiantel Weld i lU60-1730),iB- 
dependent mtntflti-r at Eustaoo 8lrei-l, l^ub* 
lin, and grandfatber of l>aac WeJd (1710- 
1 778). hw siirci-asor, whoso gnndaonfi •tvt^ 
Isaac Weld fq.v.] and CharUw Richard ^^'tld 

Besides the above he puhlished : 1. 'An 
.\nswer to W. R. his Xarration of the 
Opiiituns and ProctiM* of the Chuxchts . ■ . 
in New England,' 1644. 4to; William Itath- 
band the elder (d. 104-j) had tn-ated the 
disorders above mentioned as the natu 




nauh of mdcjwnilencT. i. 'The P'lrfocl 
I'liariiuv iiDcler Moiikiitii llolines ... in tlit* 
Gt'Df^riktion . . . ca]K>d Quolierf,' ^lalesidv 
IG«u»li<:iL<l . \*V>3, 4iQ ; Imprinted London, 
1664, 4lo. bv Weld, Richani lVidc««x, Hwn- 
mciM,WiUiamCult,iin(i Duraot. -1. * A False 
Jfw.'NewcaMlc, ltli>;j, 2pts. 4to; oMountof 
RuiiBay, by Weld, Ilammoiid, C*. Sidvnbam, 
snd Durant. 4. 'A furthfr Discovery of 
Ui«t GeaenUon , . . colled Quukere,' Outc- 
aide [OnteshMdl. 1«64. 4to. f>. ' A Viudicn- 
tion of Mr, Weld,' 1608, iio; in reply to 
WhecIwTigUl. 

{AppMiiu's Cytli^Mcdk of AmmcAB Bio- 
gnpiiy. I8«9. ri. h25; CJamj-'e Acwuiii, l.tS. 
n.3K8^ CiUmy's CoDtinuatioa. 1727. i. 464 ; 
OotUiB Matlntr's MoffiitttU Chriiti ATncricit. 
WOT, i». 137. vii, IT; Nnnl'» JEim- of Now Eng- 
luid, 1720. i. tSft; UnUhiiwoD'* Hiit- of Mm- 
Mchurt't B*y. l7flS,p.86: Bmnd'a Ktvcaatle, 
1789, i. 499 ; SurtM^ T>nrt)»m. 1)120, ii. 118 ; 
AnHitroog'sAppoodixtoMaitiucuu'tOrdiuiiiiou. 
l89S,pp. KI-2: IfantttitTHEIiitnrifal MemomU, 
l$44,iiLA92: Uhdon'aN'sw Knalxnd T!>eomii-j- 
(Conant). lUS.p. lOO: D^vidn's Noneviiforaiitv 
in F.Mes. llWt.pp. l&l.ri74-B«id'BBiEl. Frosb. 
Chnrcbin Ir*lftO<l(Killpii). 18«7.ii. M*; Smitb'i. 
KbUoth«ca Ani.i>Qu>ikeriaua, 1873. p. 44S; 
Witiicrow's Hiat. and Lie H«m. of PtmIi;- 
Urianinn in irelaad, 1879 I 118 aq^ 18S0 ii. 
114 aq.i MaaMOhwetU Hial. CollectioBf, 3nl 
ser. i. 23S : Sarag«'« Ooualaeieal Diet. iy. 459, 
-473 : Julian's DictionaTy uf llymiiolotiy, 1892, 
p. 110.] A.Q. 

WELD, TirOMAS (ir7»-I«t7j, car- 
(IuiaI. born in London on 2:i Jan. 1773. was 
tii« eldwt son of Tliomna Wt-Iit of I.iillwoHli 
Ooetlo, Ronux, by Iuh wif.- Mnry, oldfiel- 
dauffhierof Sir Jolm Stanley Miissey St-anley 
of Hooton, wlio b^flonffcd to the cUlt fcnd 
oUiolic bnincb of the Hlsntvy fnuilv, now 
extinct., lie was educated at home nnder 
CIuxIm Plowd«n [<). v.], and at au cajrly aifi) 
hn gmve proof of nut great piitty and munill- 
oentdianty.wluehwuparticularlydiEpUiyed 
infftTonrof nuinyreliffioiucotnTnutntiwUiat 
wen* dnTt>n into Fngland by ilie fur;' of tlie 
Prench revolution. lie conciured witb hia 
&ther in bestowing upon the bnniihcd nem- 
bm of tb« Society of Je«iu< the spkodid 
maiuioD of Stonyhuntt. The Trappiitt nuns 
were ntouivcd at Lultworth ; while th« Poor 
Cn*r«a from (iraveliuca aiid tbn niitia of the 
ViutAtion were also Bpecial objects of his 
bounty. CiwoTgu HI, in bin lojoMniit at Woy 
montJi, used to viail Liillwnri!i, and alwaya 
extveeaed the ^r^atnt reK»rd tor the family. 

Do 14 June 1798 WVld married, at Uji- 
lirDoke, Lucy Brid|fet, second dftughtor of 
Tliomaa Clitford of Tixall. fourth aoD of 
Hugh, tbirtl lord CUBbnI. 'niciroiilj iHue 

VOL. LX. 



I waa Mu7 Lucy, bom at Tpway, near W«^ 
mouth, oa 31 Jan. 1 799. Thv toss of bis wb 
at Clifton on 1 June IH16, and th« tub 
(]ueul tnarrioAeof hisonly vliild toh«r»rc<»i 
cousin, Hugh Churk-it Olitlord (afkerwi 
•evt^ulb Bnr<>iL('liiri>rd),on I Sept. l8lH,le 
him at liberty to embrace the ticclvuaatieal 
«tat«, and to renounci- tJir family properly to 
hiA next hrolber. Joseph Weld, lie placed 
hlmselt' under the din.'clionof biH old fn<fnd« 
th*CL-lL'brnt*d.\bb<^<.'arrviii,aiidMgr.Qut 
art'libitlmp uf I'nris, ordttineti biin ]n-ie«t ool 
7 April IfSt'I. Dn l>0 Jiincl82:J he began to 
astiitt tlu- pallor of the Chelsea mi^^ion, and 
aftKr Mtna tiint hv wa* remored to ilammer- 
amilb. Tlie holy see liaring nomiusl«() him 
coadjutor to Alexander Mncdonell (17fi^ 
IMOi "q. v."*, bishop of Kintp-ton, (ho oei 
mony of AVeld'a cuimecmtion as biahop of" 
Amycia, a town of the Morea, was ner- 
fonned at St. Edniuud'a Collvgv, nearWai*, 
by iiinhiip William Poynter [q. v.] on 6 Aug. 
\'S'M. C'ircunictanoe«, bowevvr, antayiM] his 
departure for Canada. His dmighler bt^itis 
in failing hualth. be accompanied her and 
her bui>luind to Italy, nud sliortly afti-r his 
arriral at Rom^i Canlina.1 Alboni, on 19 Jan. 
18SU, aonounced to him that I'ius \'Hl 
had decided to honour bim with tltu purplfe. 
He waa adinittv<d into the College of Car- 
dinals on lA March \8S0, und on this occft- 
i<ion n Latin ode was couijiOEL'd and pub* 
ILalied to Dominic ('reK<»r| ( I tome, 1830, 
Ito). llii daiiffhtttr died at i'alo on 15 May 
1831, and waA buried on tbti li^tK in OitA 
charch of Mnrwllos at Umni', fmin whiohj 
his umiciL-nce dt^rivi^d bin title. <Jn bis ele 
vation to tho Sacred Callc(;t: bo rc^eirod a^j 
suraiiceii from pvrsona of hi^'h influence and 
dignity in Kufflandthat bis nomination had] 
(ixcited ua jetupusy. but ou^he contrary " 
given general Mitiafactiou. His apartment 
m the OdcMTalclii pulace weru splvadidij 
fnmiehed, and jienodically filled by th*' 
ariMocracy of Romp, native aiidfonign, and 
by lar^e numbers of his fellow-conn try mn^n 
( W'JSKMAS, Itemllectioivi of the Four Lmt 
J^prt, ^dudit. p. iJ(i>. lie died on Ut April 
1B37, and hi.i remaioA weru deiKisitud in rbe 
church of S. Maria. Amiiro. The funeral 
oration, dHliventd by NiL-holas (afterwarda 
Cardinal) Wisnman.liiiH been publi^fd (Lou- 
don. 1837, 8VO). 

His brother. JoBEPii Wblu (1777-1803), 
third son of Tbomae WeUl, wa» horn on 
'27 Jan. 1777. H« received the esil&d royal 
family of France at Lutlworlb in Auguet 
IK30, the king and bla Buitv TLinnining tnero 
for somu davH. until their removal to Holy- 
rood Hoiiiie. Hnwa* the owner of tbfiAlamif 
Arrow,and Lultworth yacbtSfWhidi he novi-' 



W'eldon 



[62 



Weldon 



gated himself nolil very lnti> in hte, nnd, 
bavinfr a practiul knowledge And a ival 
lilfinK for luo Ma, Le wm alwar* very fortu- 
nate in the conatrnction and Miling of liis 
VMBsla. He died at LuUwoitfa Cattle on 
le Oct. 1863. 

[Bradj'R EptMopol Succwaion, lii. ]fi9. 3iS. 
487; Catliolie Dinetorj, 18a«. vith portrait; 
KJiTibundi Ofttbotir Mag.iMwwr. London, 1 8S 7. 
i. 38S, iii. frontiapiew (portrait): Ogot. Jhg. 
I84>1, i. 130: G«inrd'a StAo^hunit Call«ce 
CocilMiarv ^porLniit): OihaoD's LriJial* Hikll, 

LM8: Lulv'a Dinmorj. I8$8. willi ponnil: 
ndon (ind llmWin Onhodnx Joamnl, 1887, \r. 
2'A : Maodonrll'B LiEe uf Biabup Mkcdonall, 
Toronto, 18»8. p. S.V: Olirer'a Corawnll. pp^ 
AO, 131 : Oliver's Joftnit Collectioirii, p. 61 ; 
Rimnmr'a Stunylinnt lUuaUittnl, 18lt4. witli 
l^uKniit: UlUtliurue'ii Autobiof(raphy. pp. 132, 
I'ifi] T. C. 

WELDON, S™ ANTriOfft (A 1R4B P), 
hutoriui] wrilvr. uf SwanaoombB, Kent, 
dnofiitliM! front a yiiiiiiif(«r branch of thtt 
family ni Weltdt-n of Xorthumlicrland. Ula 
fallier, Sir llftlpli WVIiiftu, lintjilit<;il mi 
24 July \C<0^. tvns clerk of the Giwn CUoTh 
U> Queen 1*!liitnt)"tli atitl James I. and his 
unclf, A^^honT, cleric of the kiirWn. Sir 
Anihonr, who BUciM.>edt>d to bis uucleV ofKc« 
an the resi^njilion of the Utter in 1604, and 
to hi« fatherV in ltX)U. wa^ knighted on 
11 Moy U117 (lUwED, /lUtorv ••/ Kent, 
i. afil : Nichols, l^ttgreaitii of Janu* 7, iii. 
290>. lio ttccompiiriitMl Jamea I to Scot- 
land ill 1617, iind in anid to havfv ht^a 
duaniued from liiti posl aE court iu coii^v- 
quemm nf tin" dLicoFor\' of kis authorship of 
& libel aguinst ihi' Scottish nation {Secret 
Hi»f'inf "f Jitmt* I, ii. 102). Two i«Mers 
writwii fey Wiildon to Socretarj- Winde- 
bonk in I'^'^t proro that hi^ Ktill kvpl frifiuU 
at court. {Cal. Sfnfe Papfn, l)om. ItiPiS-A, 
pp. -iW, 21 i). Uther UtterB, including a 
aohAiun for the better asmMmcnt of nhip- 
money and » complaint agninst ibu gitn- 
priwil^r mnnrrpolr, sdotc signs of hostility to 
tli<< govomment of Charlua I {H>. 1637-8, pp. 
3S8, WP: Larkiwo. Proeeetffnfft in Kmt, 
p. IS). During tho civil war Wuldon was 
one of tho eliitff mFtii tti tli>4 giarliaiuoii- 
tarv rnmmiltiv in Kent, and enfiTgBtirally 
maiiitnlned the autU'inty of parliament 
during ibu insnrriK'tinnR whirl) tank plnm 
in that oouitty in IfUtl and lfcU8 {Jtejfrt on 
tJu Dukt of Partianifi Manuarript*, \. *Jfl6, 
31 3, 472. 708 ; Tanntr MSS. Ixii. 1 7fi, 1 79 ; 
Clarke Papnt, ii. Xh). On i'4 ttet. IfMH 

Earliitment onlortid him 500/. bf a rL>wiird for 
is fiiilhrtil Jii-rvic^t-* iCammimx Jijurnnln, v't. 
(t1). He died about 1*^9. 

A portniit, or rsLbvr a caricaturv, of Wet- 



doB is givra in tha ' Ajiti(|iuirian ][«periai 
fed. ISOe, ii. 390). 

Jly hii marriage with liHiRor. daugbt«r of 
George \Vilm#r, W<;ldon had eight 90a» (of 



daugfat 

Itki.PH (jf. I6>5U), waa colonel of a Kentuh 
regiment of f'lot, undur the ouiniaud of isir 
William Wnller f q. v.J in 1644, and in .\pril 
164I!ibecaaieB colonel ID the new moduL tin 
ooDunaodfld tfae brigad« d«tacfaed br Fairfax 
to tb<^ n-licf of Taiintxin in May 1645. 
alao had command of o brigade at the si 
of Bristol in the following Septum 
(SMtioGE, Anglia JieJitira, ed. 1854, pp. 19, 
I, li>H). On ^5 ttet. liMr> tbfr two houtes 



nax 




passed an ordinance making him goTcmor 
of nymuulh (/iwri*' Jourtia/t, vii. 374, 6(!1, 
viii. 43). In that capacity hv ohtainod 
various succesaoa (Colmiri llV/t/mi'j t^^^'J^^ 
^ Iwhrna^e Btnue, »Mr PtytitoutA, l&IO^f 
•Ito; Articlet 0/ AffrrrmnH /or ti^ Stirrmdi^^ 
of Ch<trff4 Fnrt. Iftltt), but was involved in 
continual difficulties from want of inon«y to 
iwiy the soldiers of tlii> garrifwai. Many of 
^^uldou'(l letter* rapresenliag Ibeir nec»- 
rIcoiu condition are in print, and, to prevent 
mutiny, he was finally obliged to raib«moiie)' 
on liie personal aecurily for their pap^m "" 
(Oabt, MtmariaU qf the CieU War, 1. Z 
32», «43: OmmoKt' Jovmalt, v. 3112^ 4 
'>71). In June lOIHJ 4,000;. was still owing 
him. and on 23 Dec. 1650 he wm ordwvd 
tbe Proleclor .l.-WW. in satisfaction for 
d«bl (ih. vii. 410, MQ; Oif. StaU Popen, 
Dora. ltS.W-7, pp. 209, 224). 

Anotlicr son, AsthoniWbukisO*. 1660% 
was eucccmively captain undn-Lnru Esmond 
in thf! garrison of Duncannon, mi^or of tlu 
Karl of Liiiculns regiment of horse in Ui»- 
c"ln«hirp,and major to Sir Micliael LivuryV 
Kentish regimeut of liorse in Sir WtUuun 
WiillerV army. HffliiarroUcd with all tlisse 
rnmm&ndorSfpreeenling to pwliamtinl in I 
a ebarge against thi.< IjiiuNiliisliirecoiumitt 
nnd in lft44 artiden ag&inEL Sir Miclu 
Ifirevey {Ca»ntu»u' Jounuih, iii. 24ri, £09; 
rrt/..SYoff J*<i;wr(i,Dom.l6t4,p.l7Tl. tnl 
Weldon took service under the Spaniards t 
i-landi-ni, but lost bis command, and 
imprinontsd owing to a di«imte with 1 
Gnring. In IMS he returned to Knglaud, 
and GndpAvoured to get leave lo raise a rv- 
giment for Vwnetian wrvto« out of tl«- 
royalist prienni'r.s in the power of the pai^ 
liament (Comvwm' jQurmtlr, vi. 60?, In 
March ItUH he di^nouncodthiiiniended pub- 
lication of a traiislaiion of the Koma to 
parliament, and obtained authority to seixe 
It. On 11 Doc. 1050 the cwacit of — - 





Wcldon 



163 



Wcldon 



iisaed a warmnt for his umt, uid on 
30 Nov. IfUH iliv Prohictor, on his own 
'petition, orrfcrwl him a ■pikia. to go liKvoni) 
M!aM(Cal. Statr ^perf,Dota. lfi4SV-.1() pp. 
42, 5.10. 16,'iO p. MS, ie6« p. 40S). \\>l<lou 
waa tl)u autlior of an autafiingmnhicftl pAm- 
phlt-t of atomi* intiTiwC, i-nlf(<il ' Tne Declnra- 
tion of Colonial Atitliony WcWon' (ItflU, 
4to^. 

TbesG two Co1oiu>l AVcldons oro frequently 
confuKpd -with each other, unil willi ii iliinl, 
viz. Colonpl MirHAisL Wblmx tjt. HMo) r.f 
the N<irthtiiubitrlui(I faiiulv, who wu em- 
plovrd hv parliament u agemt to tlw Scot- 
ti*L cuuiicil in May lftl3 (ZarrfV JtiumaU, 
vii. -li^I. II« cocnmantlvtl n rt'KirBent of 
liiiref in tlie Scottiab army, whicli entered 
KnfiUnd in IttW, was also high »hertll' of 
Northumberland in that yesr, und was very 
acthrp in gnppri>ssiiiK mass troopifrit on tho 
border in \tii!> (rt^«>rt on thr Dnkr of i\,rl- 
land'f Manu»:ript», '\. :J02. 31-1: TiiUBLOB, 
Sto/*- J'/T^Vrt, i. -.'5, yH, 41 ). 

Sir Anthony Wi-Idon wu^ the author nf: 
J. 'The Court and (^harncior of King 
Junes 1/ \6'M, X'irtM ; a ."erond edi- 
tion, ' wherein i« addi-<l I lio Cmirt of Kin;r 
Charles,' impeared in lAnI, and is r>'prinu-d 
in tb« ' S<<crot Ili«torv of the Court of 
JanK-t! I,' 1^1!, 2 roK (i. ^m to ii. 7Sl. 
Thi* If a collection of scandalotiit gOM>ip 
about tho twn kinj^ and their ministuni 
and r&Touritefl. A few of the stories it 
contain* vmbncly peraoita] rerniiutcttncot, or 
information rvC4>ivi?d from p?rsoaa^9 mii- 
cernpd in I. he iiK'tdi-nU n.'lnlod. UuTlyn, in 
Us 'Examon TIi*toricum/ summnttly dia- 
mines Weld»n'ti biiok n^ im iofamoue Iihi>l. 
It was immediaii-lv aiiftwcrcd hy William 
SandorMu in Lis • Aulicna Coguinari^r'' (re- 
printed iii'Secrpt lliitfurr nr Jani»« I,' ii. 
01 X and also in bin 'CotniilclM History of 
the LivM ami ttoigns of Marv (Jiieea of 
Scots and liw »nn Jatnw ' (Dt. ii. ieo«), A 
SAROnd an«n-er la contaiiioi in Ooodinnu's 
'Ooutt of Kinc^ JatDM 1' [see Goodman, 
CiooTKBT], which wa» llrsl publiihud bv 
J. 8. Brewer in 1S31I. ' I novo-r rmid,' K\y* 
OoodmaB, ' a more malicious-tsimlcHl author, 
not" any who had aucb poor and mi'sn, ob- 
servations ' (i.41if). -i. 'Afar may look nt 
a kiiiR: or a Briff Chnmicle and (.'haraeter 
of iheKing^of Eneland from William the 
ConqinTor to Ihc Iteijin of Cliarles I.' \<ih2, 
16niii: ihiawasrppriiitcd in J7U(se.' &,mert 
TrarU, vA. Scott, vol. xiii., and lu^iin in 
17fi*i^ 3. 'A IVrf<.*t Ilescriptiorv of thr 
IVopJ'-awdCoiintrj-orScoT.liiiid, Iflolt, 12mo. 
Thifl i* rcpnnled in the'Secriit History of 
the Court of JamM I ' (\9\ I, ii. 76) and in 
Nichols's ' rpogressM of Jsmw I ' (iii. sas). 



I ManuDCriptu of it art; to !>•■ fniiod in Ilar> 
leian MS. 5101. lAnadomi<> MS. 973, and 
j the Ri-cord f.tflice {Cat. Slaft Paper*, l}om. 
I 1623-5, p. B«J>. 

tWoiKl'a A(li«i»», od. Oli«i.!i. SeS: HaMfd's 
K«at, i. 2S1; S«ret Hiitorv of thft Court of 
Jaim-«1, IBII.] ■ C. H. F. 

WELl>ON,JflIIX(lH7fi-l7:iH).mH»ician, 
I waa born at {.'iiichpHti'j- on 19 .Tan, 1 6"U. IIo 
waj< ecIucAti>d at Blon ('olle^, and also 
Mudiod mnw. theri> under the orennist, John 
Walter. Subsequeni ly he Iiad letsoni! from 
ITi'tiry Purccll. In I(>i>4he hecame orgaitiat 
of New Collogi', (.t.\ford. Ilvwas unuoftho 
contributors to Fraiicia Smilli'a ' Miuiica 
OxonitinHia.* ]f)!)8. At the oompelitinn in 
1700 for tlw bftit |il^ttinK of Coujrravv'a 
maa'jue, ' Th<! Jiidfrronnt of Pnria.' tho first 
prijii.' tif HXIA WW! awiinlwl ti> W'eldon; but 
the work was not puhliahtHi, allhouf^t) John 
Eccloe [q. V.I and Itaniul Piircell [q. v.], the 
second and iliird prii*- winnf^rs, i»su4^ thoir 
>>eitiD|i«, Tho only number of Weldou's iiuw 

i)reserved in tho air of Juno, * Let ambition 
\tv thy mind,' whitih was adaplvd hyThomait 
Augustine .\rue [f|. v.] to t\w duet, ' flogx;, 
thou nursi) of yoiin^r druini,' in the opera 
'liOvw ill H ViltiLKi*;' Hunii-v Nays(l788) no 
air was ' in BTeaier fa^'our tlian this at pr<^ 
■ent.' On u .Fan. 1701 Wtddou was Bworn 
in a jii^ntbiniin rxlractrdinnrv of M11; Ohapel 
Royal, and in 1702 bi^ reH^ited bin porit at 
Oxfortl. Ihi thi? d4'nib of John IHow [q. v.] 
in 1 70k, Wrddiin obtainud thi- post «f organist 
in the Ohapel Uoyal ; and hw nl»i> held tJio 
namo poBt at St. Bride's Church, Fleet Street, 
Tilloi«ou had nivommwndod that. « wcoiid 
compo.wr fihoutd be appointed at the Uhu[wl 
Koyal 1 ihiH vnu tlr«t Juiiv by Urarffo I, and 
Wi-ldnn waa awom in for tln> plnrii- im 8 .\H)f. 
l?!!*). Soon after hig institutiua ho com- 
priMid mniiio fur thi-coininuciiiiii nervico, which 
wan very fitihlom set after thi! KcBtoratJon, 
imlil the Oxfonl movement. Tho 'Sfliictua' 
and 'filoria' w<>rft cditi^l by Uimhnult for 
the ' Choir and Slusical Itecord,' September 
IWti4. In 1726 ho became oi^iiist of St. 
,Mnrtin'»-in-lIi"-Field». lie died on 7 May 
17!Mi, and wiw buried in the i-hurchyard of 
St. Paul. CoviTit Garden. At [lie l.'hapet 
Hrn-at liH was Kuccentled by Williuu Hoy04 
q. T.], al at. Martin's by Joaeph Kelway 
■q. V.J 

W«ldon enmpOjif>d much aa(tr>td and seculw; 
music. He contriliuled to 11 colleciioQ 01 
aolos for llntas (or violins) which waa ro- 
prinlftd ot Amsterdam, but seemi to havo 
in fjeneral ne^lect^od instniniental muitic. 
Up gavu concijrtA at York Buildingvi, and a 
tiollvctlon of tongs perfonued there was pub- 

H 2 



liilwd; abo • ooIbcUon of mii» with violin 
•nd fiuts ucAiDMnimeBU, umT buit aaffia 
•on^ SpeciAifv )xipiil*r EmonK tMw«*» 
• Fh>m GraVA LcMoitis* which w printed by 
Uavrkitu. In ucivd muetc W<<1i1od w»< 
still more Bucmwuful : two of h'm &n!licm». 
'la Thw, Lord,' aoJ ' H«ar iut cryinj,' 
wfiv priutrd ia llojrce'ti * C^tbcdnU MQ»ic,* 
and a.n' still frvquvaUx MrforiDed. Otben 
were priutMl in the eoUeetiMU of Anokt 
■nd rmge. 'Bleased an Tliou* was pub- 
lishod in lli« 'Paiisli Choir,' vol. iii., and 
with ^^'fll^ wordo in J. Roberts^ ' Orddor 
y Tonic Sol-fa.* Weldon pabti0h<.-d wnlr "it 
•olo antlMin», which h« had oompoaea for 
the cvlebnrt«d c»ant«r-tenor Kichard Etfonl 
[q.T.], and entitled 'Divine Hsrmonv ;' iHit 
tboM half not mnintainMl <bi;tr plac9 upon 
the ivpetlory. I'ii » pieces, arrangod for lh« 
omaii, wore includMl in \'iue«9nt NoveUo'l 
'Oatbcdral Volunlariea,' IHSl ; and two 
oUun in A. n. Brown's 'Organ Arranp.-- 
mentai' 1879. Tin* cheap pdilionA of Narello 
and Curwi^n cnntain untlienu hr WiOdoa, 
both in gUIT notation and tunic M>I-fa. 
Iturucy ((walis \i«rv inapprifiai ively of Wel- 
dau'» antDi'iua, but lime ka^ sboini be wa« 
wroHK ; and probably not a week pasMi 
withuut a pcriorinance of one or moc«. 

[Hawkins's Hixiory of Mtiiic, chaps. cxUi. 
dxir.; Burney'i Hiatorj i>r Muaif, iti. ei'ifE; 
TbaCh<rirandMu*i<3ilIte«otd.>Iajr]8M.p.4S<i; 
OroTo'i Uict. of Maui' A»d MoAiciana. i. 71. i^- 
43fi ; Kmil VufEel's Knialu^ d«r . . . Bililiotliek 
fl« Wolfi»ib3tt«l ; Barreit'»En|[ltsh Church OD«n- 
Eio»rB, pp. 112-lS. MBUins a good acoonnt of 
Weldou'a atitikena. batanrj ex«gg(«atad stata* 
msm. of hift impottaom as ao inrMitor of naw 
hannuot«B : Chsquc-bwk vf lbs Chapol Rojal 
(CaandDD Sac.). IST'i: Uarey's History of Eng- 
lish Music, pp. 3'.*9, 34fi. S'S ; W«ldoii's rom^ 
positions in tli« Hrilitti Mosaani and Chrtsc 
Church. Oxfor.!. 1 H. D. 



WELDON, ItAJ^PH (lU7t-1713),Dene- 
dictini? monk, of the ancient familvof Wel- 
don of SwauscoEube, Kt;nt, wa« tbe aeven- 
lAenth child of Colonel George Weldon 
(yoniigusl HOn of Hit .\iithony Wvldon [q.v.]) 
aDdofhiji n-iff, l.ucy Neclon. Upwasboni 
in London on ll! April (N.S.) 1674, and was 
cbristvntfd at thn Sii^'oy. Bi-iuft convorted 
to the catlioitt- rpHsfion by Father Joaepb 
Johnatone, bu madv bis ubjurutinn at M. 
James's Chapel on M Oct. Itl8~. TI<^ iniide 
bis profeasion as a Benedictine mr?n)t in tbe 
convent of N. Edmund at I'ari* on 13 Jan. 
1061-2, .Vlthouffb a \ery learned man, be 
could n».'ViT he induct-d to laLt- piirot's urdera. 
He died at St. I-Mmuiid'a '111 '2^ Nov. 17i;i. 

Ii« was ihL- author of 'A Chronicle of the 
Engliah UcDb-dicitoe Hoakt fivm t^ rcnuw- 



ing of tbeir Congregation in tbe daya of 
QuDfn Mary to the death of King James II ' 
^London, 1882', 4l(t. T)i« original tnami- 
script, cooHistin^ of two folio roliuni's gf 
' Clininil'igical Not**,' is prrsftrTiid nl Am* 
plefortli, and ilnvv 10 an abridpnent of it at 
St, Gtwgory's, Downside. 

[RanbUr, laM.vii. 433; Otinr't Cwnwall. 
p. A39: Bmyir's Chroaoloi^r, p. 97; Tnnntoa'i 
l^niilisfa Benedict iiutt. 1898.] T. C. 

' "WELDON, M'ALTKR (1832-1888), 
clMtmist ,«Idiu>t Kon of lUmbcn WVldon, man u- 
facturcr, and his wife, wliiuo mnidi-n ntitne 
WH Esther Fowke, was bom at Louiih- 
I bonxigh on^l <_K-t. IKU. Ittt was employed I 
I for MKn« ymrs in hia father's husiacM, bur, 
I finding bo bad a taster for litcmture, he went 
1 10 London la • joumaliai shortly aft^r bi« 
I raaniage in Maroi it*5i. Ileajiitrlbuted to 
' the ' Dial,* aftorwardit incorporated with ibe 
, *.M<imiug Star.' On I Auj;. ISlKl be iuimkI 
^ the first numberof a sixpenny monthlr mafn- 
xine, rallod 'Weldon a K»^»lcr oi Facts 
and Occurrencr« rcUiinff to l,tte^»tll^', ttw 
^iencesjBnd the Arts,' but, although ably 
conducted, it provitl a fnihire, and was aban- 
doned in 1864. Among tbe contributors 
were Geori^AugustusSala. Edmund VatM. 
Mr. William Michael Koasctti, Janie« Hatn 
Friswell, and I'ercy Creg. .\tioul this 
time. probablT throuj^h the influence of 4 
friend and ftdlow->Sw<.-deiiborxian, Chazlu 
Townsend Hook, a paptrr manufa£tUT«r 
Snodluid, near Hocth-sttir, hi» uttention wi 
drawn to tiichnological chrmiMry. lU- raul 
widely and look out his liret pat«nta for the 
'mangani^j-n-K^n^iatioii process,' which 
evt-ntnally madt* bin nauii; famoii.«, before he 
had evi<r si>»n a c1i»-inical experiment. On 
18 St-pt. I.st^-'i Weldnnnnd hisfricnd Oreg m«t 
Mr, John Sp'iller to exnlain to bim two 
cesses devised by M'oulon for tbe c 
uanufaclun; of magncMum and uliiminiii 
whirbprored.howuver, impracticable. Inthft 
lattLTpart uf ItMO hi.- uivl Colonel Qamble, 
and esplaini^l that hf ' thought he had ob- 
tained a ]K'roxidi-ufmanRatte»e'fromthepiQ- 
toxide by Auii|innding it in walrr and Mowing 
air through, a prooeiu which, with crrtain 
important modifications, proved ultimaiclr 
succk-WuI. He was nt thit time, aavsColonM 
QaDible, totally unacquainted viih tbe ine- 
Ihod.t of quant i tot i v.- chemical analysis, and 
the reeutte to be obtained thereby. The 
object of Weldon (and of various nnsucceas- 
ful predeooisora) was to regenerate the 
manganese peroxide used in dinnnoiis i]uan- 
titios in the manufacture of chlnrtne, and 
couvt-rted into a valueWx by-product which 
w&a thrown away. From this time onwards 



^ I 






Wcldon 



165 



Wellbeloved 



he c&rried out experinieaU on a lan^ so&lc, 
first m 1860 at Uh demolisbtfd works of iKl- 
W'alkvr Clivtntcal Comminy <>n tbe Tyne, 
anil later at tliose of Meaere. J. ('. tiambk* 
& Cninpany kI Si . Ht-Iim*. Thw Ipil to Un- 
* nwneua-mannneae' [im^ciu natimted in 
1667, and tie 'lime-manRBiiMe nroct.** p». 
tentedalietlflaur^whicliwAfftinikHjndnpU-t!, 
htxx not workeJ comnmrcinUj' till IWflt. IW 
this IWT^r pnveas ninety to nincty-fiTO per 
cent, of tbi> umnguiiox; {n'raxiiJe formerly 
lost wot recovered ; ' the price of bleachint; 
powder woe reduced by 6/. per ton, uu<J 
aontotlung liifv 750,000/. ]irr Himum addird 
to the national wealth." Tlie oastjotiat (1«- 
tail of tile pr<x«»4 wlucli rlistiiigiiiRlifH i1 
from that ^i (-ftrlirr workers is the uee 
of an excess of lime over and abovt> tlmt 
required for the precipitJitinn nf the man- 
guieae. M. JMo-ltaptiate Dunius, in pre- 
aentinit to WVIdoo tnv go\6 mvdal of (ho 
Sociftfi d'KiKxiurBgvment pour I'ladustrie 
Natiouale in l*«ri«, said, ' l(y this invention 
everyabwtof pajwrand i-vcry yard of calico 
tlimuKiiout thi:' wiiiid was diPiipem-d.' For 
Ihia dlflcnvery Weldnn was aUu awanli'd u 
' grand prix "at thvPari* KxliibitioinjI'lH?^. 
Id 1870 thi- iriveiilinTi of a new cldorine 
|irooeS8, ' the Ik'acou ptw:v««,' br Henrv P^a- 
con ( A 1870) and Fi-nlinftiid llnn.tr i'lK4-(- 
16d8>led U'eldoD to tear that liie n*ork tnigtit 
be Wperseded, and he invetitpil another prrt- 
ceeSt Known as th«*n]a^itv<iik-€hloriiit>' pro- 
crmt. which was devehiped lateir at the work* 
ftt Salindres hy Messrs. P^cliiney and M. 
Boulouvard, and wait th«ti calW th- IV-clu- 
ney-Weldou pmreMi [see Jam<.-a Dl-wof, 
Journal i^fth^ iwip^y ff Cheaii'-al Imimtty, 
ri. 776). Tliic propi-iis hiu< not proved tiniilly 
BURCf'SAfuI, while tbe lime-moii^'a[R«i' urrjc(.«a 
ia«till larRi'Iy employe*). In IHMll \V«dii(iii 
read at the Swnn.*<'a me'^tini; of tlift British 
AaaociatioD uri import aiH pajier, in whicli he 
abowc'd that the lioat of I'vrmntion of cam- 
pounds increaaoB in nearly all cases with the 
atomic ToliitDO, the bent of formation of i^qititl 
vuIiiuiiiSofdifl'etx-ntcc^mpoiindHljeintfnpproxi- 
mati;ly equal. OntfJuue 18J^^ Weldonwas 
tdactwd F.K.:;. On 11 July \^'^i li« waa 
eleottKl preiud«nt of i)ii! S-jriniy of L'hemtcal 
TnduAtry, nf whit^h he had huen onu of the 
founden in 18>^1> I)oriti|f tlm nrnL half of 
1884 he voluntarily underionk the kbour of 
Blipplyin^ thejournnl of tho society wilh a 
larfre niimbiT of nbi»rractft nf pal<'nt.t 'at a 
ritinou.1 post of time.' On 9 July lt-?*4 he 
delivered his presidenlial uddrcW At N«w> 
caatlK-uu-Tync on the »oda and chlorine in- 
duxtrii^. A paper on the iJumuricD) relntionti 
between tlto atomic wvighli^, nadut the Mout - 
real mvcting ufthrt IlriiiAli AMociatum, waa 



not publiiihed, but W«ldoR printed in 186610 
qunrto form, for pnvate circulation, the fit 
chapU'r deaiini; wilh thr gliiciniun fanulr^ 
ofamemoir 'OntheKatioB. . .of thti Atomifi 
Wt-ig!ii«.' He attempts to show that the 
ratios of tlm ntomic wwf^hlj* ol hif^her 
membent of the glneinum family 10 that of 
f^liiciniitn arc powers, or muItipU-e of ^towers, 
of the fourth root of thw ratio of llif atumic 

' W(sif;ht of ma|^e«ium to that of ^tiicinum, 
\\'i;ldoii wvnt In apiti- of illuets to the Aber- 

■ deen meeting of the llrili.sh Asjopintion tn 
1^85, but WU8 ubligud to return, and ditid at 
liiti hiHiae, Ited* Hull. Burstow, Snrrey, of 
lieort disease shortly after, on 20 Sept. 
that yvnr. The msngaiiese-recoveiy prooe 
will be rememliered not only for its greslil 
intnnMc importance in chemical induali7Vi 
but tf u murvcllous uchievement on the part 
of a man without previous training. Liliukifl 
scientific contemporaries, .Mr. Alfred Uuaael,| 
Wallaee tind Sir William Crookiw, Weldonl 
waa a believer iu mod^^rn xpirilualiKin. 

1 Weldon married Anne Cotton ai Itelperon 
U March 1W14. Hy K-r \\,^ Imd llia-e chil- 
dren.ofwhomnnlTone,\VnlterKranlil[Bphfto] 
WiddoM, F.]{-S.,bornon IGMarcb lH*K),pro- 

j fiuaor of compamtiTft arialomv nf Oxford, 

I survived him. A second son, \Vailer Alfred 
Dnnle, bom on 15 Juno I8H:;. died suddenlv 
at Cambridge in 1^1. Tbe Koyal .Suciutya 
CataloKue contains a list of ten priptrrs by 
W<(ldon. 

[Resides tho Miiicca (juotMl, obitunrioi in the 
Jotirtinl of thA Snc. of CbeniicMl InduMry, 1SSQ, 
iv. A77 (il)« must important), and Proc. of tha 
Royal Soe. IA88. vol. xlvi. p. xii. hy K. W. 
n(iniaut]; Luiige'ii MAniifiuiluni of SLilphuric 
Acid Mild Alkiili, I8RO1 lit. ffivcT a history cf 
Wcldon B procetirt. iiud of ilip work of hi* pnde- 
eessurBi arlidehyLuajto 011 Chtorinein Thurpe'ij 
Hicl of Ajiplii-d Cliuriiistry; Vi'eldim's uwi 
papers: irifoimittion kindly eappUed by Prof . 
W. F. H. WeUI^n.] I*. J. H. 

WELLBELOVED, CnAKLES(l76H 
1808;, iinitarinn divine and archrcoloffigti 
onlv child ofJohnWidlbelinedt 1742-1(87), 
by tiis wife Elizabeth < I'lnw). was barn in 
Detimurl(t?tr(.<et, Hi. Uik'it, London, on d April 
I'tiU, and baptisud on 2o April at St. iTltea- 
in-tlia-Fielde. OwinR to dninesiic unhappi- 
neaa he was brou([ht tip fnim tin* Rg<i of lour 
hv hia i^andfatW, Charliss Wellheloted 
(l7l."J-liH:i), a countrr ({pntlenian at Mort- 
liike, Surrey, an Angliran, and tbe frcitnd 
and follower of John Wesley. He got the 
be*tpnrl of his early e<iwcat ion from a clergy- 
man (Uelafos^ii) at l{ichmond. In 1783 ho 
was placed with a firm of dnipfrs on llol" 
born Hill, but only luarnud ' how to tie up 
a parcel." In 178.1 h^ became a 8(udi.tnt at 



Wellbeloved 



i«6 



Wei I beloved 



HoBcrtoa AcMlMoy waiW Bmjinin Ubvim. 
AiDom biR feUov-MvdcaU wtn WjllniB 
Fidd [q.T.l and lJ*Tid JonM<l;6&-)^l<SJ 
[«. v.] Jom* wu emUed fin- lwn«T in 
1380; his upininns ud mfltiMiccd W*>ilb«> 
lored, wlu> wia aUcrwcd to finisk the imiop 
4f 17R7, Int not to rvtnm. Id Sfp to m b fr 
1't<7 lu> followed Jtne* to N«w CoUm«, 
Hwknipy, DRil^r Abrmbam Il«« [<i. r.^, Ae 
^TclofNcdiM. cnii Andrmr Ktopis ,q. r. . ktid 
•tdiMgomtiv ( 17i!Q)) uiuler Tnonut HrUbajn 
fa. tJ tad '(1790) Gilbnt \Vak,-fi*W [q, t.] 
urn b« formed » elora fn«^(I^hi]i vitli 
Artlinr AilnB [q- v.l who t«t>!r«<l in 1T8H. 
H<^ ktt«nd'_<d iBa minutry of Riehjird Price 
(17:f3-!7yi I ]q. T.* Ilia ftret iwniion wm 
pRuhedftt^alfhiniBtowoa 13 Not. 17»1. 
Sbofllj Kfter«rsnl« Im» received throiigli 
Mtduifl Mftiince, htherof fJi^hn' Frederirk 



J>eiu»nn Maunc« a.'i.'\, an iovitatioa to he- 
eotat: uaixtont lo'Xcwcomc Cn|>t«- '([. v.] at 
St. Sariour^i« Ctiapel, York, lie accepted 



ou iS Jan. IT^i, and braan liu dutiea >( 
rorfc OS G Feb. Id 1801 he beoame sol« 

miniAier on Cappe'R (|p«th. 

He al ooce hcgtui a Sunday adiool and a 
a7«t«[D of calKchelical elmtMm. In 1704 h« 
be^ftn to take pupila. He waa invited in 
Norenber 1T97 (auer B«lsham ttad dticlinrd ) 
to niece«d Tlinmas Itamr-ji (1747-1^10) 
[q.r.] aa diTinity tutor in the Manchnler 
•eademj. Ranu^ an pvanf^lical Ariiin, 
gnve him nn t^ncounuroment, but ho did not 
l*j*ct tin* offer till Februar>' 1~!W*; it was 
acojrtcd itoonftfterbrf iwirffc Walker n7S4?- 
1807) [q. v.] On H'alh-r'* n»ipnatio» the 
tnutL-iMpro[)o«-d(:f<'iMarclilHU3) to removf^ 
the iufetitulion lu York if Wvllbi- loved would 
become iladin-ctor. ll«a)rT(^-d(ll April|,and 
from H^ptcffibet ISOS to Jurit- IH4<J the in- 
•titutioD WB» litjown ns Mnncb'-^lir CollffM, 
Tofk. lU naiingemnnt vtw retained dt 
a comoiitlee, cneeling oi-dinnrily in Mnn- 
eh«ftt4-r. For thirty-seven yi'ani Wellhc- 
lovrd (litcliarfted l-h<> diiti«a nf the divinity 
ehnir in a ipirit deflcribrd byl>r. MartlnDou, 
hia pupil, lui 'candid and culhulic, Kiiiiplu 
and tliorougb.' Ho folIowM tin; method 
which Itifrhard Watsun (1737 1816") [q. v.] 
had inlrijiiuci^d at Cnniliriil^rv, rlixrnnliiiKi'yii- 
temntif! th*'f>Iojry «nd HnhKlitutin;; biblical 
exogvfH. ThR chjff feaUiro of hit> exetfi-ticiil 
wni'k Willi hid lrciitm>*iit of propV-cy. limit- 
in^r the ruii{f<! of its prediction, confining 
ihnl of Hebrew prophecy to thf mj^w of ilj< 

Sfidiiction, and bounding oiii- Lonl'ii pre- 
iclioiiti bv tbi* di^ntrtic'tioii of Jerii»JilGin. 
fin broke with th« Ptiiwtloy whoo], nject- 
"ig ri i;i-nnrul n-iturrfclinii niid fixin); the 
IrwT.juiIcnM^nt at death. In those iind other 
points tie ctoiudy followed thn avtileni of 



^ewnate UbmSi but wc cuvnil 
of Jogwaluaa irft hi* fnfSla tpm^madmrnevl 
ihaa followed hits tnlo * Ckpptam.* Amoaj 
kit ea*djii!<i» wwtv Tbeopuilus Browav 
rq-v.\ W illiaai TujT»»™', t»Tliu» 'rrtf oadirr 
TtBXKR, WiixiAMf 1714-1754], and Wi: 
liaoi Hindis [fne okder Itixruf. Tii'>m 
Dix*. Frora 1r*10 hf had the inraluaMo 
((ppration tJ John Ksnriek q. T.l, who m 
ned his rldtr dansht^rr I^rt'itia. 

iVopofala for edi(it))i a fsiDilv bible wm 
made to Wellbeloved iI4 March I»=14) by 
David Latent (ir7l-I&^).lhcn a IxHikMlW 
in Uolbum in kuooesMon It> WiDUm Vidler 
fq. T.] The prospectuA (May 1(*I4) an- 
nouncwd ■ r«TUMJ tnuulation irtlh eom> 
meniary. Tlr'tWH^n l^lDand IH36 ttiaepwtt 
wer« i»«Tied in larjie qnsilo, coiitainin(f the 
Pr-ntateDcli, J^h, I'Mitma. l*rov>-rh«, Kpcleii- 
ftf^es, and Caiiiicl>«. Thv text was r«prinied, 
with WrllU'lovet)'* rcvitcd Terwoa of Joahua, 
Jud^n, Kuth. and the Minor Propbcu, in 
'The Hoi V Script una of the Old Coveuan' ' 
18£&-62. 3yuW.6vo. In lr>:>.1 Im took 
a controTeray, be^m bv Thomax Thni 
(1701-lft43), with Krwicis'Wranithatn [q. 
Sydney Smith [q- v.'- wrote: "If I had 
cause to nin I would fee Ur. WelUx^lnred 
tn plead forme, and donble fe« Mr. Wraas- 
hara to nU«d agminat me.' Aa a ftab-Truat«e 
of the Iiewler trtust be waa inrolved in the 
Fuit (lKSil!U(^) which Tfmmed unitarians 
fr>ro U* mana^'metit and t>meflt« [tee 

lie was one of the fnundcrs of the York 
Subscription Library (I7)>1), lh« Vurlu^h 
Philosophical Society |lJ^^-'», wid the V 
l&stitulp(162'). iind demoted much time to 
the archieoloffv of York. After the fite 
of 2 Feb. lls^ lie look a h-'«diop pari 
railiinfi; funds fot^the rc«lonition of Ibc mi 
Bter, and in onpnaiag the remoVAl nf 
choir-KTeeti. Toe description of the min 
in l^witi'ii ' Topof^pbkal Dicfionnrr,' tW 
article 'York' in the 'PennT ('vcl"p»iii»,' 
and A 'Ouidt''(IW4) to York Xiinstcr 
from his pen. J(i« ' Eburacum, or Y 
under t he Ttomans ' ( Yorii, 1842, 8vo), 
the subatanc<e of his proritHie papers and^ I 
turea on the m)b}ect. 

PpBBentBtions of plate(l&40) and of 1,000£ 
f !**4S) wer.- iiind*- to him on n>«ifrning hi» 
divinity chair. TI^ retninf-d till death hi? 
connection with his chapel, ofiiciating occa- 
nionAlly till ^^*&:^, haTing a« iMJatanU Join 
U'rillitt (lilJ.'MU} and Ueory Vau^baa 
ralmcrd^'!-"^). He died at hlaT«•idcgw^ 
Monkffiit-:, York, on 'J9 Aug. 1858, aod wis 
buriecl (3 Sept.) in the graverard of St, 
Saviourj^atu Oliuiwl : a mtinorial taUfit it in 
the chapel. His portrait, painted in I6S6hy 



der 

i 



ua, 
in I 

i 



M 





Welles 



167 



Welles 



Jsmefi Lonsdale [q. v.], u in Uie i>oecMMon 
ffi. W. liayniT Worn! »t Rtngletoii l^ge, 
lanrhhottir ; n>pi(>fl Brt> in the niueitum iif 
the Vorkshii* PtLiliMophical Socitflr Btid tlu' 
vosirr of St. Sa%'iour(r»t«! Chnpel; it has 
Ijecn Biigraveci by Samuel CoiiftiiiH ^q.v.j 
He marrifd, 1 July 17'll3, m St. Maty\ 
StuJiO Nttwiiif;ton, Ami ('A yi Jan. IttiiS), 
elilMt ditiigliier of John Kinder, und wils 
eurriri'd by a sun and two tliLu;i;Lu-r8. Ilit^ 
-rotmg)->ii win, K<ibi-rt {ft. ITi July \W-i.d. 
5l Feb. lfv»), lflok(I7 Feb. 1830) (h« namt- 
and anna or^jcott.aud wajKWimty-li'ruteiiAnt 
for Worw-^KTdhire and M.t*. for \VaI«iH 
(l(*41-4tJ», llisToniiffcel dau;;bt».T, ETnmn 
(it. 39 Jolv 1842)i msn-ifHl ) IKJl ) Sir J^rai^ 
Caner, chii-fjiiMice of Svv Uruuswick. 

U«sideK Lb« works moiitioiied ahove, and 
eingk- KiTmoue and i>Biti[)hlvt8, tic- piiblisli&d : 
1. 'Dnvoiional Kxt-rtiae*,' If^l, 12mo ; 8tb 
edit. 18S2. 2. 'Memolre of . . . Kcv. \V[il- 
liamj Wood,' 1609, Rro. :i. ' Thfwo l^tlen 
... to FVanriii ^^'^anghBm,' \S'2&, ftvo; 
3nd edit. Bame year. 4. 'Three Additiunnl 
Letters," i824> 8vo. fi. 'Mcinoit' prefixed 
to'Senaoni,' IfkiQ, H\o, by Thomae Wal- 
aon. 8. ' Account of . . . tht- AbUy of .Sf. 
Mary, York,' in'N'etiuta Moiiuinenla,' 1.&2Q, 
yd. V. fill. 7. ' Memoir of Thomait "nirusti," 
184S, 8to. 8. ' DMtTi[itivf Account of ch« 
Aotiquitivs in Iba Miueiim of the YorkuLirv ' 
Hiilosophica! Socittv,' I86L>, 8vo ; 3rd ' 
adit. 1bo8. He wnlriWlvd to thu ' York* 
tliint BMoaitOTT',' 17SU, l:^mo; tlie'AnniiuJ 
Reriew/ 1808^ ; and the ' Proceedinffs of [ 
thv YorksItirB Philosophical Society,' 18A&, j 
Tol. i. 

[BwgnphiealMciiiDiFbyJohn K«nrick.lS60; I 
Vnnaml otYinoiia by Thoirni.'" iLinckii and Wil- ' 
ham UMaknII, IftaS; Chrikliitn Itnrimncr. IKAR ' 
y.ii^. 18'38p(>, 617. 650. 6«3, 708. 1859 p. 16; < 
AlMDoirH of OrithcTine Ctppo, \fi'i'2. p. 2d>^: I 
Hull i.r Stadrnl., Mi-ntlio^t.-r CilUj^e. Ifl6»; ; 
KetirL'kV Mnniorial* of Si. Siiviuurente, Yurk. ' 
18611, p. bl : anpubluhad letters of ^y(-llb<-Jb\'<Hl I 
and Kfiiriok; podigrr« cxtnicicd from frtiiiilv 
bible by the R«v.C.U. W»llWor«l.Somhi!ort.'l 

A. G. 
WELLES. [SeealiM. \VEi.t-».] 

WELLES or WELLE, ADAM ue, 
BiKOir (rf. 1:111 >, wait HiLi »oii of WilUnin 
fU^ Welle and his wife, leabella de Veeoi 
(DtT'iUALK, Barvnayr, n. 10). Thi* family 
Took its namn from the manor of \Vt>]l, iionr 
AlTord in Lindsey, Lincobiahiro, in which 
neighbourhood nptirly all itx i>«latvA lay ; 
but lat'tr and inorv fiunoiu meuibL-rti of it 
adopted the »iiruuiiie Welles, thuUBb in 
MiriiDr limt^ iht>y wuru mort> cointnunly dt-- 
Bcribeti a« Wi^Ue. The earliest of (he famUy 
ncntioned in Dugdale HourisbBd under Ki- | 



chard L WiUian, Adam's father, paid fine 
in 127ti for biA knighthnrKl lu bv poKlpooNd 
for three years (I'ar/. H'riU, i. 230). lie was 
Htill alive in ^lay \'2HQ, w\iva lia nominated 
atcomevs on going bevond seaa with Hiif^li 
It! Uwipenwr {Cal. Patmt lioUs, 128i-y-i, 
p. ^48). Kiffht ypars later Adam also ap- 
poiul^d attoruev» on W .hm<; X'JS^i for a 
year on g^oin^ beyond staa with Uugb le 
1)>-H]>eii»«r {ib. VJin-V-ildi. p. 73), wlu> tltea 
went to Gaacony. On l(i Jan. 12117 he ac- 
ijuiri'd tanda at Ciunborn'orth, and tlw ad- 
vowHon of .\nderby, Liiicolovtiin*, fnito Wil- 
liam du WilloughSy {ib. p. ±flf). In March 
"f Um Mima year he was appointed, with the 
ftheriff of Li'ncolntthiri-, to itci-iv} into thu 
kind's protection clerkei who wishud to dis- 
aooiate tliL-mselvva from Arcbbi»hop Win- 
cbelsea'a resiataaoo to cWicul ta.\atiou <iA. 
p. 33U; J-'ttilera, i. 87o). Ueforo thi« he bad 
beoome a knifjht. On 7 July 1m; vnf ordurod 
to routiter in Loudim for u freHU term of 
furvign BCTTirn, bun he was sood back in 
Hngland, for on 1 Jnii. 1296 b« rtcmTod 
letters of prnrextiori until Chrifftmatt ar 
liriiig about to BCeomiJiuiy the kioB to .Scot- 
land (StnfJitnti *H l^'JS, p. ■%}. lie Aerved 
throug^li the Falkirk campaign with hia bro- 
fliLT l*liilip, and fought in the battle {t6. pp. 
l-l.*>-7:!). in 12fH) hi'' wa* made consinDle 
of Itockingham (Jaatle and warden of it« 
forc«t {AMrei-iatio JM. Ori'j. i. ItKlV. lie 
wait first of liis liuuitL' HiimmuHLd ai< n barou 
to ikttend the parltauieut of Manh iL'HSt 
(itir/. H'rits, i. bOOi, after which he was 
regularly cnlbtid tintil hi* ditath. lie wa« 
eununoned with v^ua\ n'gidarity to ttitrve 
»fpiin«t tbe Scots, and on 14 Jan. itVM was 
one of the kntghtt apiiomtrd lo mine tlw 
Lincolnshire ten ant « of I he crown; and in 
the eouic year fought witli ICdward t at the 
sie^'e iif CarlaTerock. llo was prewot at ibo 
Lincoln parliament of February 1301, and 
Kigiu-d tliu famous luttur of ihu barons to 
the popi'. In I!t03 he was again summoned 
against the Scots {Fadera, 1. 1W8>. How- 
ever in FebntBry 1304 ho »wnis lo hare bwni 
rvbiUied by the tiiiig for hix reiniHHn>Bra against 
thu Hoot* \Hut, Ifvc. Hc'itUimi, ii. 470). 

.Xdam bought of John dc Kolland, who 
died soon after, ihemaiiorofWvbenon, ni}«r 
BoMOu (cf. Cat. Pat. JMU, I3(3l-7, p. ^Uit; 
Mniwranda de Pnriiamenio, IiolI« Ser. pp. 
70-1*). Under Kiiward II Welles wan m 
L'JOO (t'tcdera,n. "Hjandin l.^lOengBeedQn 
ibii king'H Her«icv in Scotland, being Blinwed 
in the latter y«Rr are9pit«of hiadebtAtnthe 
crown until Christmaa {Cal. Clatf Holit, 
1307-13, n. i0M), He was alao granted 
lands wonlj -1:^^. a year in J,iucotD»hire (Cb/. 
Pittrnt JiolU, 1U07-1U). Uia last smnmonB 




I 



to Mrliameiit vu on 1ft June 1311 (Part. 
H tH", it. 1A97 ), in wbieb year bu died. 

I lit yr'xU'. Joan, who wa* jointly Miwd with 
bitn of the mnnor of U^bertfln, aunived 
him. IliN •tittatri' nt th« tiatp of fatx death 
urn fnumeratcd in 'Calendnrium Inquiiii- 
liomitn (icMit raortnm,' i. l'l"-8, Suvt? a 
gniiil! prrip^Ttj in Norlhninplonahire. ihcy 
wpre nil in Liitcoliihhirf.includiD^ Ihe whole 
or partf* of nrvcnteiMi manors, fire and a half 
kntahtV liwR, and Uvk B'Jvowsonti. 

iiin oldi»t !0[i, Itnhert, aucc«ni]«d to the 
Inndv. lit- liftil twu yuun^Tsuns, Adiun and 
.Iiihn, who in ISlit wrv d«^cUn«I \<y havt- 
vi]iiii! rii;ht5 of flticcewion lo Wybcrton wifh 
thwr eldiir lm)tlii'r. UoV'rt waa nevursiim- 
mnned to pnrHami'nt.aiid <)i«d in l-VjOwIih- 
■iiit ivjiii- rnim his wife. Adam (<f, n-15) 
then iMiwu'tli'd , «n<! wiw ftummoncd as a 
biiruii frooi I^L' lo l^l-H. IHs dintci dtv 
•CCiiiiftnU in ihi- mnli- lint^ i^onliuui-d [ohuld 
tlir.' b'irony umil tin; lailer [lort of lht> ILf- 
tcunfli wiiVurv' see \VKi.[.i:»,LlOXRt.DK,MX|]i 

1 P»rliiitncnt4ry Writs, vd*. i. and ii. ; Calen- 
dAriiini KntuWum I'art.^rum ; ItyiiH-r** Fitdn.i, 
vi)Ia. i. mid ii. ; rAlandtn> gf I'nUnt and Cluae 
Rclljii Roll* of Pitrlinmtiit ; Moniorandd do 
ParlianirnUi. 1305 (KnllsSor.); NicoliisN .Si^fit^ 
of CaHiLTiTock. (tp.3a, 20*-7; i)ugdal«'i Baron- 
lilte, ii. lO-!!.] T. F. T. 

WELLES, LIitNKI., \.V.O, or I.YIIX 
iiR, nixili Biuu.s WBLi.ra {140.1 » Uflb, 
•oldicr, Imrci itlimiL IWn, wa« son of Kndo 
d« Wi'Ilffl bv .Mnml. dniigliiiT of Iinlph, 
bird ( irHVutonh. Frnin Adam di- Welles, llrsi 
Imron ^^'e]]cK [i). v.], drM-i^ndeil John dp 
Weill-", fifth bnroii, ^uuimnmrdto uorlianii-ni 
nil baron from I'O Jan. 1.17« to 'JH Veh. IJlM, 
nnd di"tini{iit«h<'d iti the Krunch utid Scuttiali 
wnrn, 111' died in tiyl, It-ftviiig l»v liiw iieiMiid 
wife, Mnrgarvt (or Ek'iinorl, (taugbtor of 
John, Inrd JKowbrny, Ifif *"» Kudo ithnr^ 
nienlioiLod, whu iirL-dnct^ui^ed him. Kiidn'H 
yoimjrer son, Williiini, (WfiminnallT acted nn 
dcpiily U» his brotbLT 'wIiPii Inrtl lii>utenimt 
of IrLdanil, of wliich Im wii» in IlLio Innl 
chiiucL>llor(0'FLA:«AO.^x, Lord CAaaeftlore of 
Irelimd). 

Lionel, tlie t^ldfst inn. sncctiuded bi» 

SaniifiitluT in !4:il, was hni(fhtcd wilb 
(■nry VI (It IjCioiSftT by tho Uuke of livii- 
ford (in 19 Mav \itH\, and W(-nt wirb iho 
young king to France in U:)0. ![« wiu niini- 
monod w parlincntiut us »i.Trh llaroti Wcllfs 
fmm L'-IFub. I4;(i; to30.1uly UfSO. In U.'U 
Ih' becamu n privy coiin«illor. He was sent 
(o rdifivc Calais in 14:ifi, w-bt-n thf l«wn was 
fvobly bi!.*iog«fd by liw Rtirfnindiann. Hi; 
(Wrvcd as lord Eieiitennitt of Iri'tund from 
aboai I43>i, and vcu* ufturwardfl f-[)i>cially 



cxe»pl«d from act* of rwiUBpuoti, beeaoae 
of the aums owed bitn bj ths crown is 
Twpecc of his 0Xpcndttn». He waa a bitad 
— indeed a eoDn«ciioD— of thu kio^. and 
constantiv at court. In 14oO h<* was 
tpiwiatcJ a trier of petiuona tor (Heoooy 
and th« part^ btrvond the aaM. In 1461 
be was iitated to be berood the sea br lh« 
king** mnimaiiiimirut. ll<f waa probaUf 
tbeu at Ca1ai.4, where be bad bei-n sent in 
14.^1, with l»rd Riren; be remained in 
rommand iu< lieutenantof the PoVeof Somer- 
s«t unlil :i!0 April 1400, wb«n Warwick ^ 
ciirtd poaat-MioD. Jlewaaelected K.ti. be£aro 
1.1 May W>7. As a Lancastrian be 
the oath of alli^anc« at Uur«ntrv in I 
Hu Joiued Uaiigarpt of Anjoa on ner 
KOuUi, was al llte> Mrund battle of St. Al 
on 7 F«;h. 1-160-1. and was Irilled at Towtan 
on 'J9 Mandi. and atlainte'l in the parliament 
which folIowNl. 1 1« WA» buried in Waterli 
church, ilelhley, Yorkshire. 

lie mikrrir-d. lintt, about 14i*6, Joan 
Cecilia ), only daugbt«r of Ait Koben Wi 
ton of Watcrton and Mt^lbt^y, and had i 
a eon, lliclmrd (n-u bi-low ), uud fuur dang- 
lers; and, HFicondly, Ijotwe^u J7 Slay 1 144 
and .^1 Xug. 1447, Marparrt, daugbter of 
Kir John Jltfaiiirbainp of HlAUioe ; she was 
widow of Sir Oliver St. John and of John 
]teiLtLfort, diikc of ^mprset, W whom she 
hiul had a dnuf^hlor, thv Lmly Marjpiret 
UuauTurt [q. t.] ; by her \V«1U>3 hod a um 
John (»>>• briow). 

Kjciiakd WKi.i.Efi,ticTenth Bahos W'bllbs 
(I4:{|-I4701, son of Lionel, aixth baroD, by 
his finil wifv, tnnrn^ Joanr, dao^htcr of 
Itobt-rl,lord Willotifrhby dvlCr««!by, and wai 
BiimmonL-d in her right as Lord Willoogfaby 
from 2(J >Iay IW> to '29 Fob. IWii. ilU 
firat wifb died before I4t50, and In- tnarrind 
Mcondly Mar^rarKt. dsugbtvr of Sir Janus 
■Stranrways and widow of .Fohn lnglebr,wbo 
touU lTii> vvil in 1 47-'j, He was a I.juicafltriaa 
and |irt-»fnt Ht lliii^Mroiid bnttl>>nf St. JVlbaaa 
{7 Ft'b, M60-1), bnt soon manaffod to make 
biiii |H>ac(^ with Edward, who pardoned bim 
nt OlnucKitoT, in the first year of his reiRn; 
and to be soon got h'la family properly again, 
and in 1468 hi» honours.* Doiiblleaa bis 
family couiu-L'tion with the NuTilk-i. helped 
him. His son Hohert, however, tiwili pari 
in Warwick's plots, and in March 147^ 
attacked thv luiiiiu- of Sir TfaoiiuM Huroii};!! 
a knif^lit of the kinf;'i^ body, Bpoiled it, an<_ 
drov.? iltiowniT away. Edwajd now eiim- 
inuui'd Lord WV-llea (th« father) and liia 
brotbi-r-in-law, j^ir Thomas l'ymi.x:k, to Loo- 
d<m. .\t first Wellea refused to go on the 
pl'-a "f illnees: but aftwwanU wtiit, took 
sanclnAr}' at ^^'fstl^in5lcr, and the 



FVU 



L 




Welles 



(69 



Welles 



quitted it on prnniM of piirdoii, Edwiird 
nsde \V«Utss wril« lo Km »oii lelling; liim 
to give up Wartvick*0 (miii«c, and then took 
him down to LuicuLiuiliirv. Auj^- ut the 
obstinacj of the san, lit- ln^lxi^aded Iwird 
Wellcc uiil Dymock at U tuitmgdan. Hie 
•on Ibfii rUkei] n ImttU- n«Ar Stainfonl, 
but woa defe«t«d, tal>en, and *!.^RCuCed on 
19 Rliirch 1470, His confexsion in printed 
in * Exrarpta Hisiorien.' (jip. ;iP2, kc.) 
Both fatber and son wore altaiiitt^d in tlie 
fwirlianienr. of 1476, but the ftttnmdcn> triTi-i 
Kvi^rsed in the first parliami'iil of IK-nry Vll, 
Itichard Welles left a daughter .liiaue, who 
■iiarTied.Hn)t,lii<Tluird I'i^ut <jf Loiidoii.and, 
aecdndly, befom 1470, Sir Kiclmnl IlnnLin^cit. 
BMBtiugt, in (wiuu.'quiroce, waa nft^'rwanlB 
•ammonrd to parlikiDt-nt nn Buron AVidliii>, 
15 Nor. 14)^2; he di^d in l.'iOS, and bia 
widow in IGOo, both without issue, and the 
baronjrof Welleflfcll intoftboyance between 
Uiede»ceadantSDfLionelWell(;a'sfourdaa(:li- 
tere. Sir Hobert W>^1Imi hud marrii^ Klicii- 
beth, dBugbt«r of John Bourcbii^r, lord Her- 
ncrs. Shf died a jtar after his ext^cut ion , and 
wu> burivd by hii< t<tdL> in ] lonciucor church. 
Uer will t« t>n»lfd in ' 'IVnlnni'-titii Vvliixla.' 
JoiiH Wellix, firat. Visi-oisx Wl:^.L^a 
(d. 14U9), »on 111' Lionel, sixth baron, b}' hi« 
■Mond wife, waA a Lanetutrinn, biiT he it 
naantioiied as a walcber at Edward IV'g 
funeral. lln was at the coronallnn of 

I Kichord 111, but oppomtd him at once, imd 
afler the insurrvrtion of Buckinjiham tied 
to Brittany, Ho look part in theBosworth 

I campaign, and was created Viscyunl Wi'lK-i) 
by sttminona to parliament on 1 Sept. 14^7. 
lJoubtlc«a as a aafe muu of thu GL-L-oitd rank 
bo was allowed U> marry, btrforp Ut'ci-inbtT 
14^7, tVcily. daughter of l-Mward IV. who 

. Iiad Ih^ii pn>nii«n(I In tlii^ king of Scotland. 
Ho wa« «lect*!d KXi. befora ?1) Sept. l-lf**, 
and din] on ft Vvb. MOS-^; h« was buried 
it) WestminHtor .\bb(>y. Byhis wife Cticily 
he had two daughters, Kiizabeth and Anin-, 

' both of whom ditd younz ; the Tiscouiity 
of Welles thus became extmct. 

[Exnrpta Ui^torica. pp. 28'i. &c. ; Rot. Piirl. 

r, 1S2.&C., *i. 144.-246. tc;.; Wan of P,ii||cli*h tn 

Fnu.(« (Rolls S«.). ii. 776, 778 ; Cal. P.il. Roll-, 

Edw. IV, pp. Il3.&e, : Cooper's Lift! or the I-ady 

Marf^Rt, y. 6; PuAtou Jjiittem. td, Qairdni^r, 

< i. 96, ice, ii. S.&c, [tpauroan'M Uifet.de Charlea 

I VII, vi. 47 ; GilUrtV Vicorojw of Iroland. p. 

I m I Caindfrn .Mi«c«llitny, vol. t. ; Warkworih » 

[Chron. (Camd. Soc.}, pp. g. 62, .^0; P>^lj'ilorL- 

Venjil (Camd. Sot. tmnsL). pp. 126, 121 ; Tm- 

tamenta Vrta.ilA. p. Silt; RnniM)-'* IybnnMt«r 

and York. i. «I6, ii. IS.'i, ftc; (i. K. t^o- 

i kayos Ts Pseraco; Burkr's Eaiinct and tior- 

iFMnge.J W.A.J. A. 




WELLES, THOMAS (1698-1680), go- 
vernor of Connecticut, bont in 1-'J88. belonoed 
to thi' branch of tho family of Welles settSsd 
in NonhninutonHbirv. lu 1034 he wan living 
at Kothwell in that rounty. On -f Nov. 
1031 bo wajsadtuunishcd bvthe court of Rtar- 
ctuimber to a:i.«a-(T in fnll articles agaiiial 
him and several others, amnng whom wu 
Williiiiu Fox, thw ant-estor of tieofge Fox, 
chFtr^ing him witli holding puritan tenets. 
IliK property u-a«G<infiscBted,ai]d on 10 April 
' l(i:Vi thL'ir cause was appointed to be finally 
' sentenced ; but Welli"-s urad«d puuiEbmenC 
' byproCLcdinglo New England in the capacity 
of seervtarv lo William Fii^nnes, first vis- 
count Saye and Seled). v.J.agrwif prwlwtor 
of nuuconformistd ( CaJ. -State Paper*, Item, 
; ]tsa4-r. pawini, in.S.') p. 179), Early in ItKIO 
Lord Sayu and ^ele arrived with his secre- 
tary ot llti' fort ut the mouth of the Oon- 
ne^tiniit, afl^-rward..< called .Saybrook. Di»- 
plmiwd with his reception and di^courntfed 
by thi'ditHcultiosof c(}lonisiitiou,be speeuily 
returned to England, Iintvtng Wolliis, who 
was unwilliiie to facu the Star-cbunibur. 
WolKw joiueu a party of cmiprnntji from 
Newtown f»uw Ctuubridg^j) in MuH^chu- 
I sKils, amonR whom were Thomas 1 looker 
I and Nainnnl Klonn [u. v.], in founding a 
now settlement on the n<irth bmik of the 
I Connt^clicut, which they at lirst culled New- 
town, iiflnr tbftir formrir n>»idence, but aflei^ 
wards, on '1\ Feb. HJ.^13-7, rmonicd Hartford, 
I afttt Stone's birthplace. In 1H37 Welles 
, was cline«n one of the magirtrntes of thw 
loivn, nn office which he held I'very year 
iiniil hiw dentil. Thi- colony of Connecticut 
wuA organised on an iu'dvpcndeiil fuutiag on 
1 May lE(37,and in la^n Wflles was cliosen 
t h? first tn.'ii(turt.<r under th'; new const it utinn, 
apOftC which he held till Ui<')l,whL-n, finding 
tile dutit^'u hurdensotne. hu was relieved of it 
nl hi» own ivi|Ut-«l. I-Vutn 1640 to I64M ho 
iilled \\\\' olliw ai secretary, and in lfti9 
WHji mix nf tile mmmiafliQiiers of the unitod 
colnniea in th'.* fir^t fi-dLrnl council assembled 
in New England. Welli.*dvffiided thepolicy 
of th^? colony tnplucinuft small duiyf>n«*i>orle 
from the Ci.'iinectioul rivur for iht; support 
of Saybrook, nnd smcnMifiilly iiMcd bis in- 
flucnt'tt to avoid wur with the Dutch in 
lleluware Hay. On I Mnrch ltl53-4 John 
Htiynivi, the dfTiuty govfinior, died, and M 
thtr goviTfioT, Edward Hopkins [q. t.], was 
nbeent in England, Wcllrs was ciiosen head 
of ihf colony, with the lille of inodt'mCor of 
tilt- gi^nnral cmirl. In May 16&4 he was 
elected deputy governor. In the sami' year 
111! waH ugniu appointed n commissioner to 
the aitsembly of (li« united colonies, but wu 
prevented by his other dutit-M from serving. 



Wellesley 



170 



Wellesley 



During his rearaf o(Iic'> Ii» quiptitd adiniute 
concrning Inndii betweeii [. ncas, tlit! ilobi- 
can chief, and tint wttler* at NVvr l^iulrm, 
lind Nuiftioniil tliBSiHiiiiwtraliitTi nf the Dutch 

Eiropottv nI llortfrtnl. Mo ULTreil as (p>Ti?riior 
n IH60 and lti68, and as deputy gorcrnnr 
in 1(UW, 1607, aud ItfJJU. Hv powesMd to a 
very great degren lb« eonftdoncc of the colo- 
nials, and drafted manr of llieir awA iin- 
nortant eonclumnts. Hr died at WetJiers- 
Seld, near Hartfard. mi U Jan. 1059-00. 
TT<t WB* IwicL' raiftrrifid. Bv hi« firM wife, 
Klizabntli [luiit, to whom )ie was married 
in Kngland in lOlt^, lit* h&d suvcn Eiirviving 
children, four hi'dih and t!m»- daiiftlitf^rii. Ilin 
fine wifi.' divd aboiii 1<14D, and iu ltH.5 be 
WM marriud to Eliinbi'th, duiij^hTtT of John 
DenuD^ of Kiwland, uud widow of Nathaniel 
Poote of \\'etli«r»6e]d. Jij her he had no 
iMue. aha difd on ^ July 1083. Wolln's 
will inpriutHd ill Albert WbIWs 'History of 
the W>A\ea Fntnily," Ntw York, 1876. 

[WbIIw'h HiiC, of WcJlw Fsrailv, pp. BS-IO?, 
I10-.L2, 120, 133-3: SntagB> GeocolugicBl Diet. 
1 Hfi'i , I'tilili.- Ilecord* of CoimMt i«iil, i. S46, 3AU : 
CollR^liiiriH of t,h« Cotinaellcut Hinl. ^oc. ii. 8*, 
m, 277-1 E. J. C. 

WELLESLEY, AllTHriC, first Duke 
OP Wbi.lixctok il~<i9'185'i), tii'ld-iiwrahal, 
waBfiHirtliHiiiTofHarrntl Wellis*l»<y,fir«leBrl 
of MoininKion [a. v.], by Anne, cldost dauffh- 
tvruf Arthur lIilL, vLscouut Duufrunnun. ilv 
waabnnun ITlin, lft<\ ihuiirour rnoTitlij* befare 
Napoliwii. Thirt* in Eume dniihl about the 
i^xactduliiaiidplai^ni)rhi« birlii. Hin molhrT 
gavv 1 May hs lib birthday, nnd U« hiniH-^If 
Kokirjil. it, hilt thr nil ran atlinni^l tlmt lip was 
bortianSMrarrbai; Dnngnnt'n-'llfl.cn. MfAth. 
Tlw riiRiwIry oFSt. I'eter's Church, Dublin, 
showtthat li(twni*ohri«t«n«d thrri-nn •10 April 
17<IS', and ih'f May number of ' I'jLshnw's 
fientlcmnn'* Ma(^zm(>']iiL«: ' April 29. Th« 
Coijnt«M)flr.Momiii^U>norn!io[i, The* Dub- 
lin GaiLittc' of 2 4 llay datea tb*- pv*nt 'n 
few day* ago, in Merrioii Sirvct.' On thi; 
whole the evidence points to 'jy April, and 
to '2* TpiXT MfrrnHi Slni'l, Dublin (A'(//« 
aaii QurriM, 4th Ber. i. I4;j, 7lh .ii-r. xi. iH; 
UvBtUY, IVfUiitsifon: tkr Dittt and Pl/irr of 
hi* JJirfk). He dinned binist'lf Arthur Wm- 
lev" till Mqv 1708, whun hs adopted thpform 

'\V(-ii™!.-,v:' 

Wiillesloy rccoWed his earliest e<lHCatinn 
ftt Ilrown's prisjiiimtiirv nchtiol at CbfLst^a. 
TbincB he was sem to Iiton,wlier«? h^Twardf-d 
at Mnt. ltagiii-ii'<auV A* 11 bor h<^ was un- 
sociable and ratbiT cnmbaiivi-. lU- b^d no 
turn for fcliolnrship, hut, lilie Napoleon, lie 
bod the jiowrtf of rapid and correct ca1«iila- 
tion. Jlia father divd in l"yi, and in 17S4 



I bis mother, straic-ned for nuaiu, wit 

bim from Eton, whvru be hod only 

the reinore, and ti>ok him with li^n- to hn»- 

eels. Tbvr« he vrns Ibe pupil of I^uia <~ 

I bert,al>iirriNlvr, at wbow ItouB^they Wlj 

I According loaiellow-piiidlhnirsxext 

' fond of music and played well on th« 

but Rliowed no oint^r Dort. of tAlvnt. 

' mother, a clever but hard woman, came tu 

the conclueion that her 'ufOy boy .Vithur' 

I vai 'til food for powdvr.'aud'm IjSObewi* 

I sent to Pifneroro tuiliturv academy at .\s- 

mn, whicu was principally a ridinirTCcbooL 

I lie was 'rather of a wiaik conatitutioa, not 

vonr attentive to bis studies, and CAOBiantly 

occupied with a littlo Ivirivr called Vic' 

(lUiKOt, J'tumaJ, ir. 30S). He renuined 

thereabout a year. mode frieode intbeneif^ 

I b^iirhnod, and gained a farilily in Kn-Dcli 

, which was of service to him ali^rwaitU. 

On 7 Marcli I7H7 In; wa« piztilted enagD 

inthe73rd(higUlaud)re{rimi'iii. Hi^brolhor, 

Lord Morniuffton, obtained this comniaiiaa 

for him, di-diiiing onu in the artillery (But- 

I land MSS. iii, !t7">. Tha refriinent was in 

Indtii, but Wellculey did not join it. It 

' iniixE bari- biH^ii on inining ■ depot thai, as 

! he afterwards reUti-d, lie had a man vei^d 

I with and witbniLl hii> arm», accoutPennnt*, 

and kit, that ha mi/ht know ■'sofllr whal 

n-eight thv men had to carry t.CHOUES, t. 

%{7>. Dn 'ja I W. he waft made li«ut«aasl 

in the 'tttb, from wbicli he was truitfciwi 

to the 4lii[ on :J3 Jan. 17^, and thencnto 

Tho 12th Itpht dragoons on '25 June. H* 

nbtaine<l a company in the 'xjlh foot 00 

MU June I7t^l, and was transferred to tte 

IHth litfht dntsDons on .')1 Oct. 179^. 

' But be did little, if any, dutr with lh*« 

rcKimuut«, for frumNovf-mber I7B7taURRk 

171>3 ho was aide-de^auip lo Ihc het 

lieutenant of IrcLuid— first, the Marqiiii rf 

Buckingham, nnd aftcrwanis lite Kul of 

Westmorland. Mornin^on, in thankiu; 

Ituokinf^hnm for hix Hp]H>intiiieni, said : 'Bt 

boa everv diapoeition which can raider «■ 

young a toy desrr^inp of Tournotic*' (Bt rt- 

iSiiHAU, 0>tirl4> and CahmfU of (ie^^ryr lit, 

i. aSi ; ef. Fortf^aie MS.S. i. '2im-&,'u. U). 

Itut life WOK oxpcnmreat tbcvic«reaalcourti 

hie privai-j income was only ISSl. • rev 

tOi.EIo, iv. KM), and it is sold h« bad M 

borrow money ofiLvbouimfehur with whom Iii> 

lodf(i.d. In April 1700 he waa retumrd !■> 

the Irish parliamciit m member for Tnta. 

and he held that aeat till the dissolution d 

. a June \7Qfi. Accordinf; lo Mnmin^'ni, he 

I restored the interest nf Im family in tbsi 

boroug'h ' by bis excellent judgmenl', uniabk 

I uaiiiii-TH, adininiblH tein|H>r, and firmnn*' 

\(_Supj)l. Dnpatekf^, x\\\. 37). tta 10 Jon. 



Welles ley 



i7> 



Wellcsley 



1793 he teconded tbe addrtMa in ri-]ily to « 
li from ihi' thruDo aonouociiti; pivpHru- 
fiir wnr with FntncwMid rvcnitiiiir-miin^ 
mnAKlerationnrthecaLhnliiTUimi). Hc^iip- 
poTl«d the );orirrRni>-nt bill Riving CAthi>licj< 
the frAncIiW-. biil (ii>[h>M''1 att iimwirlmeiit m\- 
mittiriK tht>in t<>]«irliiin<^iit (•V^^vcAm, IH Jan. 
and K.5 Feb. : I.ixky. England, x'\. 6t)l-(J). 

On W Ajiril {''■Xi lit' jiurcbftiviJ a utujority 
in tilt? 33r<l foot, Moruiiigton leiulin^ him the 
ini>nt.-T. nod urivrwatxlit rufu!^iD|^ to ocoepl 
rujuTinciiI'. tlu iW S.-nt. Wtl!t:aley becftnte 
]ieutenant-c<)li>n(!l of tlie iwitaent, and in 
J une 1 79-1 i-mlNirkril wttb 1 1 atCorkforUetvnd. 
In ronaeqiience nf the Fn^jirh netorjr 8t 
yieurus (:f6 June) tho allied armiea iMired 
bttfaind \\\v. lH'l«, llie Rriti*li ln-inff on thr 
riffht l>elwe«u Antwerp and Maliues. The 
SUrd. jent round by ica to Antweni, joined 
tbo army thvni about 10 July. tIij< ullii-ji 
•ooa aeparuled, the AH«iriiiui< a^nli^ t-a^t- 
wsrdfUidth'j Dulfi'uf York [f*iv FitcDcnicK, 
Ddkb op Vokx^ retiyaUn^ lit ihr line nf ihK 
Datii^h foTtressM. In September Picheijru 
advancL'd into Hollimd, On Ihu 14th tim 
wwt fii Bnxtel, near Ilni(i-Ift-l)iir, was tnk<-n 
Iw the French, and t iie resene torps, to which 
tbc 33rd belonpr^d, wmr m^nt tn recovt-r it 
next day, but found the enemy in too greut 
Ktreiiglh. Thi«wa» \Wllv4ky'« first enKa^t- 
mvut. S«H-iD)f that lh« Irooiii* in front of him 
were retiring is aomeconfiuion, he deployed 
hie rfgimrnt, let the others paea t hrougii, and 
drove hick tbvir puniicra by a voUay (Cpst, 
AnhoU, iv. 1M6). 

Uutoumben-d by four t« one, Yor)% re- 
trTA(«d, but uinintnitttsl hituiu-lf bi-hirtil \\v' 
Waal till tbo Olid of thn year. i)n liODecWt-l- 
lealey wrote: ' \V> turn out one*", somi-titDeo 
twioo, every nipht ; rhti nflip«r» and mi*n ur*" 
bsnu««d todeatli. I huve not hiu) mvclolhefl 
off my back for a lon^; tirrK^, iind ^i-nentlly 
Mwud tbo grt^atect putt of the nixhi upon 
the bank of the river' {Hitppl. Dttpatchr*, 
sill. 2). Frost mud« tEie \\ uul piiHBiibk' ut 
any p^int, and on 4 Jan. 171lfi tin- .'illrd ivii« 
atlackt.-d at Meten-n, and hod to fall bu'cj; on 
ri<ddi-rmal>en, wWrv, with tin* tild ut two 
other re^ments, it repubed thtf Frenrh. The 
army retin>d to the liuwl, and thence iicroKi) 
Korth <li-rm<my ro tlw mouth of the Wwcr, 
where il embarked for Englaud in April. 
UuHd^ th<.- n-lr-.-al tbi^commnud of abrifTHde 
in Doitdas'soorps full loWellealcy by wiiioriiy, 
tmS tbe brijcades were below I be normnl 
Mtwtptb of re^imi-nts. T1id hardshtjM of this 
winter campaign wer<* exireicit-, llii; dii^ordcr 
and diaorgsnieation were -withnut esaTspIe. 
Wellvalffy Wrnt ' whnt one oiiKht not todo,' 
and nude acquaintance with the new French 
uctic«. 



I He came huniK in advance of the army, 
and on 13 Murrh spoke In tbo Irish |)srlia- 
Tttt-nl. On 2.1 3\\w h« asked tbft n»w lord 
linutenanl, Lord Cnmden, toappuint him to 
the revenue or treasury board, lie took this 
Htt^jt ou-inf^ to 'Th« oceewitiea under which 
1 liibour from ditlerent circumalanccti.' llu 
added that it va?, a dcpanuri> frnm the line 
which h« preferred), but h)? kui-iv iLal it was 
itfteleiM lo a*k for n military office ((il^in, i. 

.23), The upidiculiuD protL'd fruilletu>. ]]c 

] jointnl bin n-giiMi-nt nl \\ arky in Fwcx.nnd 

I embarked with il in Ocitober for tbe West 
Indies. HvRvy galea dutperm^d Ibw expedi- 

! lion of vhirh it, formed pan, and it rfttumod 
to England. It was four moalhs at Poole, 
and was unt to India in April 1796. 

■ W'ellealey, who became colonel in the army 
on 'A May, was unable to aC4.'ompany it, but 
he overtook it at thu Cape, aud lantlcd with 
it at (rnlculta oti 17 I'Vb. I7y7. ilia colouei, 
I^rd Comwullis, introduced him to tbe 
Koveninr-ijentfnil a» ' i\ BcnuiWe man and a 
(^od officer' {VnmimllU Corrfnp. ii. ."JO?). 

At this point bis publiiibed corrsBpondwiCO 
>K-|{(n«, and tlio li|<lit on hiA rhnractoT and 
actioaf, hitherto acanlVt becomes abundant, 

' Ho had already made it a rule to ^tudv by 
bimsidf for some hours ovt-ry day, and bu 

I f^ive up cards nnd tbe violin as wn^to of 
lirao (kusKEpy, p. 28; Croskb. l. 837), 
IliK earliwi paper* ebow hii> br<.^tb of view 
iind the influence he at once gained. He 
was given comuiiiid of ihf Bengal portion 
nf fill expislilion n|iitintit. Miiiiilla, which 
renched Fenang in September, hut Wfis then 
recalled on Nccount of ihf attitude of Tippoo 
Sultan of Myson-. WoJli-flii-y bad Rtrongly 
urt(ed hih brother .Moniintiton to come to 
India uf i^ovcrnor-pcin^ral. llcdid 80,rL'ach- 
ing Calcutta on 17 .May 17!^!:^, and tbe 
younger brotlier became tbe unotticinL ad- 
viirur of tbe elder. The HchI que^tioti was 
hfnv to act tnwardit Ti(>poo, and here Wel- 
h'iley discouraged .MomiDgton'e incUnatiuo 
In mei'l. ibini^r half way. Hh had imid a 
two months TiHit I') .Madras in th(> begin- 
ning of the year, and was well acqiiainteid 
with thi> nituation rhLTO. IIu tbouKht that 
war with Tippoo, though amply jiistiBed, 
was inexpedient, and thnl. his dcalingn with 
ihtt Fruuch t^hould hv ignored. Thin was the 
counte adoplwdal that time. 

In AuifUHt tht3 SSrd wax transffrrtid to tbe 

, .Madnw ectablifdinientiOud Welli^lev wuato 
have gone aa envoy to Seringapatam, but 
Tippoo refused to rvcejv*' thn tuussiun. In 
l)iicfimherh<- was frivencommand of tbe troops 
assembled neiu- Vellore, aud Ueueral llnms, 
when he arrived in FchriiftrT K&f, prail*d 
bim for tbe state of bia division, and for his 



Wellesley 



17* 



Wellesley 



' juiliciuiu ukI maitmiy smngtiBaiU in r«- 
twel of npplie** (Si^pl- Aw. xiti. 4). In 
die iaruion of Hjraan WaUtMlvy bud ibe 

diraction of tbp nixufi'ii auxilitry extrft, to 
which itie -^Ird was at(sch«l. Ii consisted 
of t«i) battalions of sepoys, l<>n tbouvciid mi»> 
collanpous honmten. Mid iwi»niT-.«ii puna. 
It formtsi ill',* l^ft of till? army iii the action 
Al MaLavcllv on '27 March. The anny arrived 
hvIoK ik-riagaytitiia) on h April, and an 
attack wan inaae on the enemT's outpoeia 
that night by two (li.-lavhiiivat#, of which 
one, ttodvr We1le«leT, waa reptitsMl with 
Mme loas. He d^temitned ' nflTor to ntlTrr 
to ottaclc to bf> mailA bv niftht upon an 
sneny who ia prqiared and stmnfrlv jxtst^. 
and wbose posts havi' not bwn rvcanitoitTvd 
bydavlight' {il, IS April). Ho had noohare 
in tiu> (ttonaing of Seringapatam, being in 
command of the n^scr^e in the tn^Ticbe* ; but 
btswtAMnt into the town next day to restore 
order, and waa appointed f^oremor by Ilarria 
on 6 Mar. Gt.>s«m1 (Sir) I>aTid Baifd ^<).tJ, 
who had led tl)«>ajuault,wa»mucb morti&ed 
at tliia choice, but then wera good ronwos 
for it (Crokbb, ii. 103). 

On tLe withdrawal of the amr in July 
theoommand of all the troop* left m My«nrv 
fell to Wellmli^y, ami h<> aIho rontroHecl the 
civil udministnition of Tippoo's euoosuor. 
lie had written in May : ' 1 iiuond to aak to 
be broiight awar with th.- arwiy if any ciril 
wrvant of tho company is to be here, or any 
person with civil authority who is not under 
ut; orders' (ib. tj MavK In Auguct he had 
to tak« the Seld Rfrauist Dboondish Waueh, 
■ frocbootcr who uad gaihvred a lar^- JVil- 
lowinj^. Wellaaley dnivi^ him a^roas the 
frontier and disponed his bauds : but thvr 
refiumed ttii-ir incursiniiM in April 1800, niuik- 
l«riiifr fnrty thousand men. Having ob- 
tained Ieav« to puniin' t heiu into llif ^Uhrat ta 
tt'rritorj', \Wl]ia»lt?y crr«sM tlifi Tnombud- 
dra, near ilurryhur, on 'M June, tixik some 
forts, and, pushing on with four n-eimenift 
oFciivalry, ovenooK on -H) J uly part of bhoon- 
diah'a army, enounpcd on the Malpoorba. 
Tbe camp vox 8turmi.-d and iht.- )iunn and 
stores taken. After cbmaing the remainder 
for several weeks, and fitlh^win^ tht-m into 
thii niznni'M douiiniunM, \V<-llii>l(!y full ici with 
them at ConahKnll on ID Hept. Hhonndiali 
hinaelf was killed, and hi« bnnds, rvducod 
by this tiinn to five thnnNand horse, were 
srattered. His son fell into iho hands of 
"VVi-llealrv. who provided ff>r him till his 
denth {lUiftatchrt, t!(i Oct. l^L^'n. 

In Mny the governor-general had o(fei«d 
Wclh-.tlcy tliv command of an i-xpcdilion 
which wai> to be sent against llnlavia, bui 
lut declined tho oRrr, at! it waa not for the 



public intvcMt thai b« >ibQ«ld laarv Uj 
lost then. In November be wa* tent if 
rrincomolee to take command of a fbrce of 
3,IJ0O mrn for a dovrnt upfin Hw de K«Q«- 
(Mauritius) and Bourbon; but on 7 Jut. 
1801 b«! tvamt from his bn>th«r — now Mar- 
([UiH Welledoy—ihai this force mifht lure 
to form part of an expedition to Bgil'li m 
which case a general oi^ccr must bo placed 
at the head of it. (>n the 'li\\i Uainl vai 
oppoinled to it, and it« deatiaatJon was 
ciiaugvdtoBalavia. BofonitbitDVwsiau^ri 
Tri ncooulee WellesJey had act ont for Bombay 
with hi^ troops. He hod learnt that det- 
patcheo fnim Knglaod w«re oa th«ir wsv to 
Calcutta, desiring that a forw should be wnt 
to Egypt, and, in aptle of the remijnsltaiM* 
of the governor of Ceylon. Fn-dcrick Noitk 
fan«rwatdB HlVh Eart ofGuiIlbrd)'q.v.], be 
aceided to anticipnic iho orders o^ the gi^ 
TemoT^«eaeraL The latter at first diitf* 
proved nia action, but was salisliiwl b/ th* 
rouont given for it \Dt»p. 16 Feb. tad 
^•A .Varch ; Suppi. littp. »0 March). 

On 6 April the expedition, numberrr ■' 
aix thou««nd m»n, left Rombar for t'ri> 
.<e« under Itaird. Wellesley waa v< r 
at his sunerMssion, and compluned I' 
of it, with too little allowaoM for '■^'■ 
ciim§t4ince6 i-'^p/tl. Item. 11 and M Aptil 
and -Jt; Mat), lie yielded to his brotluf^ 
wish, in which Bairn joined, that be abonll 
go as se<rond in command ; but be was di^ 
ablod by illness at the last moment I r^rtv- 
noFK, p. loa). The ^UMnnah, m wbicii 1*- 
was to have sailed, waa lost with all handf 
in tho lt«d Sua. Hv amt BairO a careful 
memorandum containing such infonaatioa 
as he had bven abU> to gather bearing on Uie 
intended opiTatino* (Tifitp. 9 April). 

In May he rvtumed to My.'iore, and Ebr 
tlie nvxi year and n. hnlf he was busily rc- 
aipied there, bringing the conntn* inm 
order, making rwds and fortificatioue, form- 
ing a good bullock-tmin,and orgAoiaing ibt 
departments. Ho became major-geacroi by 
seniority on Lt* April l(Hf2. At ll»e end cX 
that vrar the pesuwab, Ibe titular cbivf of 
the Mahralta confederacy, (>igii<il the tmatf 
of Baasetn, by which he accepted the posi- 
tion of a pnitnclt^il urinci.s and stepa wi4a 
taken to rein.4tate him at Poonab, whenn 
ilolkar had driven liim. \\ eliesley hid 
already funiicibed a 'memorandum' upon 
operations in the Mabrattu territory' yA, 
6 .St-pt. 1801). and as soon as be learnt that 
.Madnui troops werv to he u«d, he offered 
his services, pointing out that hia purwrt 
of Dlioomdiuh hud made him welt acquainted 
with the ciiuntrv nnd people. On :?8 Nov. 
he was appointed n major^eneral i 




Wellesley 



*73 



Wellesley 



KmS of cliB MmIiw wubliiluuvot, mid uu 
8 Fab. 1803 be It-It SenngH]i>tlan) with h» 
division. 

By th« *nA of the month th* Mailnw 
umy, under Qfiieral JaniM Stunrt, wiui 
usetnbleil on th? frontier at ilurryhur, bik) 
Wellmley, with nin« thouMuid men, ti-tut ^triii 
Ibrwajd to I'ooafth. I.«arninK ihnc tht! nluct! 
was lo be set on fire on his approach, ho 
made a forvitl oiarch of forty luilva with hie 
eitralry and one battalion, and iTa« in time 
10 Aavt! it. lli> rvncbcd it on i!0 April, uid 
thptM-AliW]direturn«<ltx>hiMcnpiliLli)n IflMay. 

Kir aosie noatluthe attitudo of Ilnlknr 
ftod Scindinb wiie doubtful. \V(>IWley vik* 
made on 'X Jiitif^ chief political nnd inili- 
tarv agent id tb« southern Mabrulta states 
and the Der«an, and did all hodmld to pnv 
nerve i>eace, but in vain. On 7 Auk. war 
urta (Wlar^d afain»t thi? two chief*, and 
iht'T w«rtf ntta(£ix| by Lalie in the nurlb, 
by WrtllBjm- ill tin? aoMth. 'I"hti latter hnd 
under hia »rdcn, befideit bis own divisiun, 
■Oine Bombay Itik^un in Mujtrrut, and the 
nuatn's corps of eight thniiAand ninn under 
Colonel Ht45reDaot], which true ni'iir Jstilnuli, 
Coverin|i|^ rhe niznm's dominion.^. The fort 
of Ahmediiu^[ur, reckoned one of the 
•trongent forts in India, was taken by Wel- 
Icflvy after a two daya' *iege (li. 12 Aup.) 
Marchiotf norlbward, be reached Aurunfja- 
bad on the 29th: but m^nnvhiLe Kcindinli 
mad the rajah of Jterar bod »lip|ied paAt Hi^ 
Tensoa and were advaiicinjr iin ilyderabnd, 
WaUoiLey nuvvd down the Uoduruiry to in- 
tercept them, and they tiiruf^d hack. On 
SI Sept, W't'Uealey and Sttn-cnsou uuit ul 
Biidnapiior, niul arrnnt^d to attack tbi^iu at 
Roter-fiin on ibe 24th, St*'ven.ion fullinj; nn 
their right, Wvllealey on their left. Whtm 
the latter rcacb«d his campin^-eroiind on 
the 2<{rd, be was Cold that the Mabrattaa 
were within aix mil»t, but wck morinfr off. 
tMrndin^ word to HteveUHMi, fau Diorvhed on, 
ud about 1 r.M. found hicnacif in presence 
of their TrhoU' army. 

It waA drawn up liehind Iho Kailna, with 
iuleft near the village of Aasye.pasl which 
the Jiiah ftowii lo jnin the KaitiiH. On the 
ri|rht were thirty thouoand horfl^raftn.onrbB 
left ten thousand infantry trained by Run>- 

San officer*, with over u hundred (run*. 
avtog left some of hia trvxjps to guard bis 
eunp, 'VVellealey had with him only 4,5(X> 
men — vix. ma battalions and four rvgiraitntA 
■of cavalry, two battalions and one regiment 
of cavsliy being European. Hu hnd mivt^u- 
t«en ffUiiM and u>K»it nve ihoumnd Myaom 
and Mahratta horai^men, not much to bu 
relied on. But ' he fully reaIiiK>d the au- 
prttne importance in eastern warfare of 



promptitude of action and audacity in 
eiMitniiitg the otlV-nvive, wen though th^ 
eneiuy mi[flil be enormouslv superior in 
niinilHir' ( LORD RouERT», p. -lO), Ue decided 
to mm (lieir luft, -ti-ise .-\sev«!, and fall upon 
their Hank and renr. To do this hv ULUst 
crow the Kaitiia, and ho was told there was 
no ford. But he noticed that, a little above 
ica junction with the Juab, there waa a. 
villfi^i- ou the left bank up{iosit« a village on 
the ngbt bank, and he flm-eUid bis troops 
on this point, cou^denl that they would 
find Aome. mean* of piKi«ge there (Crokek, 
i, Sn3). He found a ford, and, ieni'ing the 
im-^iUr huriw on the right bank, led the 
rest of W\A army arnwta, and formed it be- 
tween the two streams, wbose iiullalia 
COVen>d his t1ank:<. Ilia infantry were in 
two lines, his cavalry in a third. 

The formeition wao carried out under a 
iLeavy Urn from the enunty's runs, while 
their infantry irhaiigt-d fmiit. with «urpri»ing 
provision, und phiied their right on the 
Knitiia, ihttir loft on lFi>- Junh at Assye, 
' Wlien T saw tbni tlity had gor. ihi-ir left" to 
Awiye, I allenul my plan; and delermined 
to manniuiTo by my left and push the 
enemy iipun tbe nullah, knowing that the 
vilUff>^of A*A)i' niiiit fall when the right 
should be beat ' | I)f*p. 2J Sept,.) By a mia- 
undcrstauding tin- British right attacked 
Awye; it was exposed to 'a most terrible 
cannonade ; ' the cavalry had !■> be »vnt for- 
ward tirt cover its withdrowa), and could not 
bu u»ed afterwards for pursuit. Tbe battle 
was obstilintely contesled, liiit, the victory 
was compbtu. the enemy leaving nearly all 
tbi-ir guiiH oil tile field. Tht.> Iom o^ tbe 
British was a third of thnir strength, and 
incliidiHl (UO Kiiropenii*. Wellesley had b 
hnrne shot und<'r him and another bayoneted. 
One of bis ntatf wrote : ' 1 never saw a maa 
M cuol and collected as he waa the whole 
time, though I ean assure you till our troops 
j^l orders to advance, the fate of the day 
aecnied doubtful' (•S'»f>/i/. Deep. 3 Oct. and 
1 Nov.: TlloRx, If 'fir in IniUn. lft03-0; 
.^'a/jc.4»7iiwf//f(y/U'/ei-,l803,p.4<1; Malu> 
BOB, Decuiir TSattlr* >,/ Imb'a, np, 28H-95>. 
Scindiah retreated westward, and Wel- 
lesley watched him while i!ltevenson took 
AsBwrghur. Tin* two divisions then marched 
into Berar Co besiesetiawilghur. Scindiah, 
having learnt that his be«t troops bad been 
routed by Lakif at Laji^warrce, opi>nod negn- 
tiatiooB wilb Wellestey, and on SJl Nov. a 
^Uflpensiuu ufhoMilitieu vae agreed upon so 
. far as he waa roncernnd. But he dtd not 
' obsi!r»-u it. and bis cavalry joined the troopa 
I of [hv rajab of Berar in pjeisting Wellesley's 
^ advance' on Tiawilghur. On the iDth a 



bttltle vu Tought on * pbin in front of llie 
rilligB of Argaum. Somv tvyoy resimenU 
wei> ilinnnl*Toi! bj tticem^mvn artilk-ry firr. 
anil Wellwley wrolf: 'If 1 liml nwt ipxu 
tbtfK, I UD conrinci'd w** •hf>ul<l havr lo«t 
tlie j«5' ' (/)K!jp. 2 Disc.) Bui the MaknItAs 
9Q0Q bn>k* and tl^d, l^avinj; thirl. r*«!i^lit 

Km on lh<^ fi^ld, ■nil th« rictnir cost the 
ilUh uiiiler iW men, (imvrilghur wiw 
fttormed <m 1<> DM^. ; ftiu) tnmtiM of peace, 
nvftotiat«d by Wellwlt-y, were »^ed wilh 
th« rakh nf Berar on tht> ITlli, and with 
Sctadiali on tUv SOUi (•Sw^f. iAN^'. iv. iH- 

sen. 

Wellesle; nvii>iT^ tbe thnnka of purl i«- 
BMOU A swi>rd of linoour wan ]ii>4entMl to 
bim hr th« inhnbitantn nf Calcutta, and a 
serf ic« of plate, enilioswd with ' .\*«yf,' by 
the officers nf hi* dixn.Mon. He visit(><l 
Bombay in March and received aa addrw«. 
Up wnit now aiixioiie to n-tuni to Knfrland: 
' I (hiiik 1 hara wrrird ac lon^ in India as 
any man ought wh" can aervt anywhi^rc 
els.': and I think that thvro appcan a pro- 
vpL-ct of Mn'ia- inP^tirupi* m which I should 
he more likolytofretfprwiird' ( 7)r»p. t^June 
18(VI). Uis hi^allh had sulfi-ml bv life \a 
camn, and he was agjrneved that tlie Dukf 
of ^ork had oot coafirn»>d hi» appoint mtuit 
totbo staff of tbo Mitdran Army, lie ad- 
vised the governor-general also to nwgn 
beoniiae of thf hoalUity of the din-ctor* and 
ika want of support (rnm thti tninistry 
{Siimi. J)*»r>. 31 Jan. and *24 Ft>b.) 

^f peace turned adrifl bando nf frn'- 
boolqrv who tuadt> raids into the Lteccan, and 
in February ItDUl \X'ello«ley went in pumiit 
of cue of ihcsu bauds. He wt out ou Ihe 
morning of the 4tb with all his cavalry, 
tbree battaliona of iiifantri,-, and four guiUr 
and in thirty houm |iTicliidin^ a halt of ten 
hour?) hfi march>ed sixty mSm. He over- 
took thp band, winch vtnn near iVrinda. and 
diBpencd it, raking iii< giine {Deep. ■'> Feb. : 
Crokcr, ii. 'JSiy This wax hi« last ■Hirviot' 
in the field in India. 

He waioUitfd with some uneaeiness tie 
coarse of the j^vi^mnr-gvfltral, fearin;; llial 
it would lvti>i to n fresh coalition of the 
M&limrta princes : 'The system of modera- 
tion and conciliation by which, wbethvril 
ba right or wrong, I made the treatiea of 
peoc*-, and which has been su highly ap- 
imivrd mill ••^(IoIIikI, is now given np' 
iSupff. T>f*p. 13 MayV Orders had already 
bet.'ii (fivi'ti lor 1i<>«lilitint tiuniiist Holkar, 
hut lhe.=<- ffll moinly fo Lake. <^>n 'i\ June 
WeU'wlrv Imib.' faniwcl) to lit* diviwtin at 
I'oonah, and went to Cftlentta, I[e mennt 
to go bomti from tln-n-, but tile disaster to 
Cobnel MiinsonA force {Ttf»p. 12 Sept.) 



! WB5 iota I 
rmvwoakl i 



made it Deceasanr for him to n-lam to 
Seringapatam io Kowmber. He was loU 
Ibal thecommandoflbc Iloniluiy army woakl 
be ofii>red him, but be wrote : * E' 
wen- Cf^rtain tbal I should not be 
in Hngland at all, ihi'rn is no siti 
India which would Induce me tO >t«y bfH 
iSumtl. Dr*jK \r> .Ian. iHOo). 

lie resigned his civil aad military a^ 
pointnuint# on 24Feh. 1805. At Maiira»hv 
was invett>>d with thv order uf the Baih 
(K.G.H.), which had been conferr^-il on his 
on 1 Sept. 1^04: Uu received nddmswi 
from thn idlicvr* of his laL>' dirision, frtsi 
ihow of the ■ttrd regiment, and from the 
nativK inhabitanU of ^eri ii(,'npatam, and ht 
was entertained by the ciiil and military 
oHicere of the presidency. In the uiddlo aj 
I March Sir .\rthiir sailed for Kngland ia 
I the Trident, and arrived jn Lbe Downs og 
I 10 Sept. His eight years' aervicM in lai^ 
' had beea e-^C4-lIeiii iiiining for the raried 
buBtneaa he was afterwards lu b« engaoed ia. 
In addition to thv ordinary dutiea of con- 
mand, he luid btH^ii cnginvrr, commiwaTMl 
and store officer, aa well a.i civil admin*- 
HtratOT and diplomatist. Always ready ta 
accept new funetions and clinging to tluwB 
\u) unsady had, more than &ftv tbouM4 
soldiera were iiDd»*r his orders in diflenat 

farts of southern India al the iKvinuing «{ 

It must liavc been within twa or tbrm 

days of hia landing that the only moetiog 
hMw(H>n WcIWleyand NeUon took pUee Iff 
cluinre at the colonial oiQ(x>, for Nelson Uh 
Kngland on 13 Sept. for tbe last tiinx 
(CuuKEB, ii. l>3d). Lord Caftlereagh, who 
was then secretary of atate for war and the 
colouii'S. had been president of the board ^ 
control, and WVlliMU^y made ■( his fan 
business to exphun and jn-itify his broUm^ 
Indian [tolicy to him and to l*itt. Tbe 
Utlerwoji struck wilh his reticence aboat 
his own actions, and a few davs before his 
death be told Lord Wellesley: 'T avvrt 
mwl any military (»llici>r with whom it was 
.40 --iai inoctory toconvcrse. Ha; states ••*«« 
dillicully i>v^re he uuderlalcej) any r ' 
but none after he hti* und<*rtaketi it 
HOPE. Pitt, iv. 375; OnnKBR, in 
AVellmley was appointed to theatatl 
Kent district on 30 Oct., and a month atm- 
wHtd'< hr- was given comomnd of a brigaik 
in the expedition to llunover under Lotil 
riilhcHft [see CilHCaRT, SlK WiLUUi 
SniAw, tenth lUnos]. Th^ victory irf 
.\iisterliiz caiisvd the withdrawal of'tla* 
exp&cli(ioD,and on L'o Feb. lt^O«J WeUeJfJ 
was appointed to a hrigfbde at Ilastinga 
On 3U Jan. he had succeeded Lotd 



Welleslcy 



ns 



Wellesley 



WkUii u colouel of ihu 33nl. of which he 
htd CDOtinuMl to be lieuli'iiuil-cuIunKl uji 
to that litnt>. 

On 1 April IflOB "WVIlwley wm n»tiirn«!Kl 
to pwliameat for Kre, a goremnient «>>«! 
which he M'<'ppl«(l in order tn r«nly lo the 
chaigce brought nentiuit hord WHlr«Ir>' by 
JiBuePauIl [q. rj lie KpTikv on this and 
oibor Indita «ubj(>ci«, and wrote ft full 
BumoraDdum ou it mX iho undofthe wasion 
(SptKChcs, 23 April, ftc; Suj>nf. I)r*p. iv. 
54u-d5t- IWIininviit wiu iliitwilvi'd in Octo- 
ber, and OH IS Jan. 1807 Iw- wait rrtiinii^J 
for Miicliiill, Cornwall. In March lf*0" the 
OmiTilie ntiniMry n-AiffiiwI, oo tbv kinK'" 
illiiiiiiiiil thftt fait -thfliild hear notbinn innr<> nf 
eoDcnwinns to iW TOihoUc«. The f'orllaad 
mini.4tTT Jiureeeded it, th« Duke of tttehmond 
becamin>; lord lieutenant and U'ell^ley 
cfaicf MCretary of Ireland. ll£< wka Aworn 
of the m'vrv council in I/>ndon on 8 April, 
•nd al Diiblm oii tin- L'Utb. 

U« held this ulCcti for two TMre, but hi- 
had atipuUied that it kIiouKI Iw no bar tJi 
Ua ampoyment oo active serrlce, and he 
wtM iwict abwiil (in Lbat account. Tbv lunl 
Ueatetuuit prambled, bnt did not wiftli to 
part with him. I'll!.' state of Ireland waa 
aocb aa to rail for the vrholr> iitt«iition of it* 
chi<*f ewcrt'lary, TIm? people wen.* looking 
H^rcrlT to a FruTich invanioii.anilBmtinvthp 
first tliingfl t^ which Wpllcsky turnt*a hie 
thoughts nnn how to Ruard nKain»l it. 'The 
oprratiooB which rhu Itririiib army would 
bare to carry on woiJd be of tho iiuturv of 
thoae in an cntunys country, in which lb« 
hostility of thv pettplu would be most active. 
... I am posiiivflv (ViDviiu^c'l that no puli- 
tieal mm»ur>.> which you could adopt would 
a]t«rtb«tj^ip>T(ifllii<pe(ip)eof this country' 
(A97P/. Dt>j>. 7 .^[ny &c.) Tins titlio afc'iXn- 
tton aoon Itecsme rijioroiis. tie held that 
txorbitaot r^-nitt, not tithes, wcr« 1I10 rt-nl 
grievance; hui he tiugge^jted ihat tlifclfrifr 
should be enabled lo grant lt>nJtf-9 ol' their ', 
i'llUft and should bv ubURvd to rveidu iu 
lh>'ir benefices. He reeoiniuendfH] increnard 
rspiiudilurtr on canala, which would lower { 
mat» and imunive ni^icultiini. Ilf re< 
organified thti i>uh]in police, and on laid the 
Ibundation for the Irish constabulary, lie 
had b<5en re-eleci>-d for .Mitchell on becominff 
oUef eeorvtary, but parliament was diasolved , 
•000 oAcrwiird*, and in May be wa< re- ' 
turnod for Tmlw, co. Korry, and Newport, 
lale of Wi|^ht. liu chose the latter t<eat. 

Ho wa.'* given comrannd of the naervn in 
titii army sent to Zealand under Ijord Cnth- 
onrt, to iwcuru tho Daiush fleet, and nm- 
barkifl at Sheenwas on SI July. As tliv 
crown [irince refbaed to aurrender the fleet, 



ttiv amr landed on. 16 Aug., WoL^ 
leadins the way with th« light iroopn ;' 
CopenhagOD waa inml«d mat day. A' 
Uaniah K>rce of tvgulani and militia aoon' 
threatened tho rear of the army, and on tba 
2illh WullmWy wa;t tient against il with fiva 
battaliniig,c9g'ht squadrana, and two battoriea ' 
of artillery. ThoTlaoes fell back before him 
to Kit>i;i3, when- they had Aome intmnrh- 
ments. lie attacked lliem on the 2t>th aud 
routed them, taking fifteen hundred pri- 
r>on«r*. Unf-Sept. L-openhagea lUrn^cnid, 
Welletfley being ono of the commiaatonera 
who arrangud the termb of capitulation. By 
ihf UOtb ha waa in £ngland again, and on 
1 Fob. 1606 be nndTAd the ihanka of tho 
Iluiutt of Commona in hia plocv. lie was 

Emmoied lieutenant-general on '2li April, 
nving ulrvady, on 1*2 Nov. 1607, had tbaE 
rank givi^n him in IreJand in oaae of in- 
vasion. 

Uk had. been fVvquentlT cooaulted by the 
miuj«t«re, especially by Ca^tlereagh, about 
schemes for attoclnng the colonial poaaea-] 
BJoiis of Spain, ajid liod.writtuu sorend 
memoranda. Dul the change of Uyiiaxty and 
the upnaingofthc^uiiniar da against NapolNiii 
in May ISlJH altnred the situation. Il« eawj 
that 'any DH>nfliirL>& which can disCreAs the 
Fneach in Spain niudt. ohlijio tbi'm to delay 
for a neARon the e.\ecation of lliHr pinna 
upon Turkey, ur lo withdraw ihiiir armioa 
from the mirth," nnd hn r- -coin mended tbab | 
nil the Itriiiah troop that could Iwiapared' 
should be sent In Ciioraltnr to act aKcircuiO*] 
Stances might suggOAt {Sujtpi. D»»p. vL 80). 
Genoral (unerwaraa ^Hi) Brent Smomt [q. r.| 
was at that time off Cadiz with a fotte os 
five thousand dwiii, having bean aent out] 
lo do what be could to hinder the French 
plansof naval cunu-ntratiuu. On U June 
WeUwli-y was givKii romiiiand of a frtrce 
of about nine ihouHand men, lutaemblod at 
Cork, with Keneral inialnicli'ins to iiwist the 
Spaniards or thi' Portuguese. 

lie nailed an li! Julr.Rnd put into Com ila, 
where tho junta of Gnlicia informed him 
ibal tliev ntM^lt-d only money and nrms, and 
advisod liim to take hi; troops to I'ortugal. 
][uwL-nt on to (Juorto. and, having i-urisulied 
the bii-luip niid cue I'orlitguese geiiemlH, and 
th-! British admiral Dtl'lhuTagus.hodccidn) 
lo land hi* mtfn in Mondr>go l^y, and sent 
oi-ders to Spencer to join him tlii>re. It was. 
a bold step, for the Fn-nch urmy under Juaotfi' 
which had beon in or^upntinn of Lisbon sincft 1 
November, tiiunbered nearly thirty thouaaaili 
men. But Wcllcaloy know that they wexa] 
Kiiutt'ired a4id bad to find garrisons, and sup"j 

fMed the total to be under eighteen thousand. I 
be Ponuguoau,whubad promised co-open^ 



tiou, woulil be discouraged if hie troops re- 
fDaiaed on boud sliip, nnd Itr rxpr^Unl tobr 
aooB reinforwd. On the .tOth ho learnt that 
five thousaod mwn were on their way from 
Eng^uid, thftt ten tbouund undrr 8i'r John 
Moon woultl follow, that the whole army 
waa t« be commanded br Sir Hew Dal* 
rympli', find that he Iiimeolfv^oiild be fourth 
iutcad of first, 'I hope that I shall have 
boat Jiuiul bufoni ativ uf iLi.-m shall arrivL-, 
and tbrn thej WiU dn OA they [>Uaa«! with 
mu,' he wrote to tb(> Duko nf liichoiuud 
(StM>/i/. Dr*p. I Aitir.) 

'ihe diai<mbarkntion w» not completed 
till 6 AtiK>i on which day Spenc«r •rri^-i«d. 
On the B^ the army adranced, and on the 
ISth it WB« joined at Leiris by six thousand 
Portugueae under Frein*. Ft*irc refuMd to 
march on LUbon, hui he allowed Cotonvl 
(afitTwarda riir) Nicholas Ttant [a- v.] lo 
nccompuDy thu British with fotincoii liunaml 
foot iiiiii t?5() hor*e. Jmiot, wliile galUf-rioK 
htB troops, bad aenl forward Dolubordo with 
live thousand rni^ii Co dr'iny Lbct British 
advance. Delaborde those a position ar 
Roliea, and was attacked tberv no thu Itth 
by Wellesley wirli nt'nrlv foiirtoim thousand 
men. Tliia superiority in nu.mbur« cDsbted 
Wellcsley to tlireatvn both flank* while 

Sru^-infithe French in front; Dtlabordu waa 
Dnx'd hack to a §ecoQd position, and then 
had to rctroiit altof^ther, after lo«itig «ix 
huodryd lueii. ]lut the front attack bad 
bfc2n promatnre, and the British loss waa 
nut much lew, 

Well&iley meant to march next day on 
Torres Vvdnu). to Kucure tbc" past;, but learn- 
ing that thii brigndi^D of Aoland and An- 
fltruUipr weru off the cuoet, he look a posi- 
tion at Vim-?iro tu cover th«ir diMnibarkation. 
On tbe evening of the 2(hh a senior officer, 
Sir Harry Burrard [q. v.l, arrived, and r^ 
fmod 1-0 nllow nay onensive mnvements till 
Mcore's troops should have joined. On the 
moraine of the :?l«t the British army was 
attacWd in '\U position by Jiuiot, atid llur- 
rard left. Wello«ley to conduct the action. 
Junot bad fourtvL-u lbuu»Qiid mon, including' 
thirteen hundred cavalry, and '2^ guaa. The 
KriliAhnuiubori'd sixteiu thum-uudi, uf which 
only 1^40 wurti cavalry, with ei^bl^Mi gum*, 
beeidcs Tmnt's Pomipiieso. Tneir po&ition 
waa coiiVf X, tht< ri^lil r<N>tiii^ un t hij wui, iicid 
Juniit's plan wna to turn the left, ttut 
W^llwley moved foiir of lii» eight bn){adee 
from ligbt to h!ft by the rear, and iSoligniic'A 
division, which maae tbe tuminc movement, i 
wafi driven back and si-pnraled from the rest 
of tbc' army, Tbe columns sent against the I 
British front were also repulsed, Wc!le«lfy ' 
bad said of the French wLen he wm leaving i 



KngUiid, ' if what I bear of their i^i< 
mamnnvrm hm tnie, I think it a falM on 
aeainei steady troojie' (Cbokeb. i. \! 
122). The columua biled, as he an 
pati>d, before a volley and a charge in Itw. 
The French losa waa over two tbouaaad 
men, about three timee that of the Britinh, 
and thirteen guoa. 

WeUealey wished to fallow uphis viclory, 
but be was Moppedshort. ' ii'ir H. Burrard. 
who waa at this time on the groitiid, still 
I bought it advisable nut tu move froa 
Vimeiru ; and the enemy made gw>d tlieir 
retreat to Tom« Vedraa' {Dtjy>. ^ Ai^.) 
Sir Hew ^\'hitefoord Dalrymplo [ij, v.] took 
command n<>xt day, and tbe conVealioa or 
Cintra followed, Welleeley eoncumd ts 
Tho principle of it, tbinkinff that, as thtt 
French had not be«n cut off from Lifibon. 
it was best to allow them to evaciul'' 
Portugal; and on 22 Ao^. be eirned, by 
Dalrymnte'a deure, tbe armutice which ws# 
the prvludo lo it, thouffh he diaaporond 
of »oui« details. In tbenuther negotistioBS 
bis advice waa disregarded. CaMlcroi^ 
] had st-ronifly recommended bim to Dil- 
' rvmple's particular contiitt^nce, but he found 
' tlial it was not given lo biu ; and be mh* 
' camp lo the conclusion that 'it is quite 
impossible for me to continue any l(iK|tr 
I with this army' {De»p. 5 Sept.) It wu 
8aggf!»iv:ii that ho should go to the Astan'u 
to report on the country, but he rvpliwi 
that ne was not a topograpbieal engiiMr. 
lit- also dectiuud a prupoifal that he uumU 
go to Madrid. Leave of abMjooe was gitn 
him, and he arrived in England on 6 del. 

The cntiventton had r*i«ed a storm tbtft, 
and OS Wellealey bad signed the armixioe, 
and wiw wronrly aatd lo )iave negotiated it, 
much of the blame fell on him (CbokbB,!' 
344). A court of inquiry met at Chekoaos 
17 Xor.,axtd WcUeelev laid before this eoart 
some masterly statemenla vindicating k* 
conduft and forming a full record df the 
campaign (Uefp. iv. 152-237; SiapL _ 
ri. ISU&lj cf. Sptteke*, t>l and 28 Y 
leW). In it« iinal report (22 T>ec,) 
court approved of the armiitt ice, one mem 
diwienting: with the convenlion Well 
was not cODCeroed, The inquirr preveai 
his rejoining lh« army, which was thent^- 
vsDcing into Spain under Moore. Ht le- 
ceivr-d the tbank.t of parliament foe hi# 
conduct at lloli^a and Vineiro, thoae of tbe 
Ftoa'H' of Commons lieing given to bin ia 
his placo OfotaeAM, 27 Jan. 1800). Heshe 
received adaieases from Limerick and Loo- 
donderry, and a piece of plate from theMO- 
manding olficers who hail I'l.'rved under tuD 
at Vimairo, 





Wellesley 



'77 



Wellesley 



TliR hopeR buill on inltfrAciilinii in SpnJn i 
wen* dusli^i) bj ike rvsult of Moore's cam- ' 
pftign iktiil br the damih of Frencli Troops ' 
(orer thrw uuHtlred thouwttil) poured into 
th>- IVninsuU. But at tho end of Jiiniiary 
lyoytbey l»ei:antorvviTi-. Austrin'«ptypiini* ' 
tiona for war recalled Napoleon lo I'iinft,nnd I 
obUifwIlumiowitlKlniwlortjiboiisaDdnien. I 
TUf l*MtugiieM Kgencf iuh<il for n Hnri>)i | 
officer to orgaoiae mid cntnmand their troops, 
and at the ituG)fo9ition of \Vi>I|t-i4li-v, wlioliim- 
eelf derlint^d thw (inat, Bereafuni was si-nl 
o<it- In u QHftnoruidum tu CH!>tIer»a)lb, ' 
which wftfl Uid hpfrtn- the culiirn^r, WrlloAl^?/ . 
nuiiiitained that ' I'orin^l nii^ht be di^ I 
fcmli^l. whiitcriT mijirlit h« the rt-wilt of I 
tbi; coatifst in Suain" (Ihtf>. 7 Miirch'l. ' 
Ther<:^ slill rramini.-uaomt' l{riti»h troopii near 
Liaboii, iiridfrr l^ir John FmiiciM Cmdock I 
[H- v.] Il wa« decidfd lo rni*p thwn I'l 
f v(voly-thr«ti thousand men, wid on "J April ' 
W««Ih!i"l«'if wa* uiipnintt^] 1" till" torn mn ml, i 
nnporspdinp Omnock. Samm-] Whithn-fiil 
had cnlW?!! in c|iit>stion t hi- propriety n(' a oiiui 
holding otficr' and drawing pny its cliief »eor*- 
lary while abwnt Trom the realm, and W«?l- 
Irslry. tlioiij^h liv jii«ifl(rd hinitelf, had dv- 
cUred that if o^ain appoiiiied to a miUtAty 
command hn «h'iuld rt.-ttij2n (Upe^ch^, 2 aigd | 
Fi^b. ) Accordingly hi^ nitignvd both his ' 
office and his seat on 4 April, i^mharked un 
the 16th, and landed at Liabon on 22 April I 

I It was warmly welf onicd, for ' the nation 
wua dUniuycd by Jofeal^. diatractud with 
anarchv, lO'^iuict^d on Iwci iiidtw bv itowerfiil 
armicH' <Na1'Ii;u. i. 11 II. SoiiU. with mor* 
CliMii Lw<-nljllniii4andnien, woji in the north 
of Portn^al, havinif Mormi'd Oporto on 
ST March, Victor, with thirty thoui^aad, 
nta It Merida, Imvinfr b<»ten the ^paiiish 
genwal, CuMtB, nt Mixli-Uin on '29 March, 
and ilrivi^n bint into the Sierra Morcna. 
\Vell<>«li!y decided to dval first with ?»oiiU, 
and on 27 April, the day on whii^h hi^ took 
ov»r the c^iuin&ud, ordure were issued for 
tbe troops to aaMubie at Coltnhra. lie hud 
t]url,r-«rTon Ihooeand men, of which nearly 
Italf wnrc I'ort iipiif »r. Leaving twelve 
thousand to guard thrt Tajm*, m cmc Viclor 
iilioiild appronch.nnddireclingeighl thousand 
undi-r Iter^-fifoni on I^mpffo, to m.-s thu 
DutTo and descend thi* ri^ht batik, \w moved 
with th* remainder on l)|)orfo. The ad- 
vance began on Mbv. Smill. bemnto^ in 
bv in^iirtr"nl bnnd«. hui hit-in furrwl to Bcatler 
liu* trot>[j*, and had only ten thonwnd va%-n 
■VfXlh him in Oporto, ll-- knuw aothing of 
the danger tbnTfllfniiifr him until the Kttb, j 
whi-ii a. Krrtich division ou the Voiiga wan I 
attacked and drivn in. He thea destroyed \ 

rou LX 



the bridgo orer tbe Utieni, aeited all the 
bnslfi n<«r Oportn, and made nrrsngi'menls 
for retreat, lint on t hi." 12th Wflh*sb-y forced 
the |isas«ae of the river. Three boats were 
obTAi&ed by Colonel John Waters ['i| .T.l, nnd 
three compsiiics were thrown into ilieS'.'ini- 
nary, a Xar^e hiiildm^ on the riffht bank. 
More troops followed them, while oihfrs 
paued the river l hree miles higher up. After 
trying in vain to rLtTjver th*; S«^mioary, the 
Frencit retired in duuirdrr from the cttjT. 
Hoult found that his intended line of r«U«at 
WAM barred by nerl^>lford ; so be deatroyed 
his giinA, abandoni'd his storM, toolc a pat^ 
over the moantaine, and on the 19th croued 
the frontier into Onlicin {Dr»p. 12 and 
IS Mav; Mimwi* de ■'iamt-CAamttHf, pp. 
142 V). 

Welhi^hiy.luamin^un lliat day that Victor 
liad Kent a diviAi»n acrosi th<i Thltu* at 
.McantariL on tlie 14ih, abandoned liirther 
['iiroitil, inarched iioulliwHrd, and liv 12 Juni* 
wiu^ on the Tagiis at Ahrantes. The armj 
ri.nnuined there a fortni|fht for rest and 
fqiunnu-nl. Us Inx discipline drvjw tVom' 
Wellesley the first of many complaint e: 'Ifte 
are flu excellent army on parftdc, an excel- 
Ival one to %ht ; but we arv. wof»e than an ' 
enemy in a country; and take my word for 
it, that eithur diifeal or aLiL'eesa would diii- 
•olve us' iDraj). 17 Jun^V llaving asketl 
for and received authority to invade 8pdin, 
be now coneurtud anaii^:umvnc« with Cuesta 
for attacking Victor, who bad retired on his 
approaoh. 

t)n Ihw 27th the l!rlti«h army pawittd th« 
frontier, about Iwonly thousand atrnnf^. 
Hereeford wa« left near Almeida, with one 
British bripide, to nrpnninc tlm I'ortujfucise 
troops and ^uard the only vulnerable part 
of the frontiur. As tbe Spnnish i^'ivemment 
had pressed for Uriiijih co-oporaliou,, Wel- 
lealev supitoaed that it would help him to 
obtBjti tmnspon and proviaions ; but ho wm 
ditLappoinlfd, and by the time the British 
and Spanish armies met at Tulavem on 
22 July, the former whu mi iibnrl. of siippUo* 
tliat it could move no further. Ouettia had 
thirty-eight thousand men under bis imme- 
diate ocimniand, rtnd tli« corps of Vencfpis, 
eigblQCii thousand men, was also under bia 
oi'alers. This coi*pa was to threAt.cn Madrid 
fnim the Kouth-i*A«t, and so distmct the 
l-'n-nch forces: but it did not play its part, 
and Cueata, hartnff udvauced a few milL>s 
toward" Madrid, was driven hiick. 

King Joseph had joined Victor With re- 
inforcements, rai«inj{ hii> nnmlwi* to fifty 
thou-^nnd men, and on 27 and 28 .TuIt the 
French iiltacked the allied armies at Tala- 
vera. The Uritub, who wece oti the left, 



Wellesley 



178 



Wellesley 






ftote tl>e brant uf thuae anaclu, wliicti iri<re , 
vigoroiu uid obstiiiatv, and vrvn dip^clcd 
agnitiot both front mhI Hank. TIwtu wak » 
critical moDieat, wImu the English ^uuds, 
followiiifc up too M^rir sntnn troops they 1 
had n^lM^n, were raft by tlw French re- ' 
wrrM and driven Wck in confu«ion. Bui 
Wcllwlcy. fomjwinjf trhai ha)iiM>iiiHl, had 
brought tlic 4^b rp(piiM*nt from tli<* left, nnd | 
iu steady fire g»v.- ih<^ o-ntrc timii ro re- 
rvmi. At h'n^h the l'V>nchreiin^, lewTing 
iMtvi-Dtoen i^tis on the fit-Id ami haring lft«t 
ov IT ■■■¥«» lliiiiiiiaiKl men. 'ITii* 1o*a nf the 1 
Brtliiiti Willi ,''t,400and of the Simnianl* IjM) | 
(/>(*p. iO .JhIt: yajKiJfm't OtrrrjjtondrtKf, ■ 
'2\ Autr/t ' li pnrail i|n« r'r«t un faouira^, I 
1*0 "WeTlftsVy," was NaiwIiHin's rpmark whon 
the news reacht-d him nl Vicnnn (Jiikixi, 

MeanwhiloSiauUfiadreorpaniwdhistroon*, 
had been joinfd I>t Xry, and had madi' nU 
WAV titiopjiOTed throti^'h )>assH wbidi Wol- 
Wtey betiuvt'd to U' wt-Il ettardcd, with ' 
fifty-thiw t1ii>iiaand lu.-ti. tmir days after | 
th« biittif of TaUvtra ht> n-aehMl I*la<«nci*, , 
where h« wrj iiiioii the British ILm> nf com- 
muiiicationK. The allied annitm now hiy 
between two French nrmiw, Wtlle^loy. be- 
liuTiii|{ Sutill** i>l length to hn r>nlr linlf wlinl 
it was, dett-rmined to mnrrU otrain&t him. 
Iravini! Ihp HpntiinnN b( Tolm-Ta to fow 
Ju««pli. Itut ( niviln. |HTnT9>u and inra]in1jlr 
thmtiglinut, a1>and()iit*d Talnvera, and then 
np}in»(xl thf ftnlv roiir«' i)p»ii i.t them, to 
no*i the Tiigiia at AnolMttp". Tliis ^^"n.* drni*', 
however, by thf ]lrili«li on 4 Aiif[., and the 
Spo:iiard«foHowpdii>'XldBy. AlAr^-ntiniber 
of the wniinded had to be left liehind. 

Thi> allied armiM tools up positional to 
disputf! iLo raiwagir of tin- lagii* at Anso- 
hispo or Almarni. At the fonaer tb« 
.S{iuiiiard9 wvn.' eurpritcd oo llie 9th, hut the 
Fn-m-h did not fnlfow tip Iheir aucwm, and 
on the l-th (.'ucsta r<.•»if^><^d■ Oii the 20tli 
■•)ttr<-iii(- dnaliUilion nbliiiml thv Briljiiih tn 
fall haiL-k on Itndnjox. Tlie Spanish junta 
cutnphiini'il Iriiidly, but WidU'^ilry iwwed 
m no-opcrtite any longer with their armifs 
nlV<-r lii«i exnvrii«ncp of their breaches of 
faith find miAhr^hnviour in thi' fiold. ' Thi>y 
are really children in the an of war,' he 
wrcte ( />!*«', 5fi Aug.") I Ir warned 
tbem to avoid pitched battles, but iu vain ; 
their boit nroiy wa* routed ut Ocaiia on 
10 Nov., and another under IM Parque 
waa beaten nt Atba de Tormea before the 
end of the month. U'ellpsli-v'fl position «t 
Budniiix naved Audiilu«ifl from invasion, 
and, in epit« of great low* from Hicknecs, he 
reniniaed there till the middle of Dociunber. 
The exposun of uorthem Portugal by Del 








Ptin]ue's defeat then )«d litn to mom I 
arrnr to irpp«r Beiru, leaTJii^ oQ« ill ' ' 
und«r IliU at Abra&tM. 

The bupninv command of tbr rorraguBtt 
army bad been (^ivcii lo him on t! Julv with 
llid rsnk of nurahal-gciieral, and in Aiifiia 
ho hnd )w4>n innd« cnplain-p-ncnil in t 
Spanifih army. For the victoriea of fipon 
and Tal« vera be was r«ia»d lo tbemvn^ 
on t Sept. Bn R*ron I>oaro nf 'NWUps-- 
ler and I'iscount WVIlini^tnu of TaUwri. 
The title -we* chDH':n by bis brother William. •■ 
apparvntly to minimive the chnnfft- of name, 
lie received t be tbankaorparlinmeni CM Jan. 
and I Fub. 1610) and an muuaity of l',000/. < 
But tltH vote of thank* woa oimoMd ia both 
houAM (fla-Mird, XV. 130,2.7), aad T^ofdf 
Urvy »nd Ijiudenlaln Mntrml ■ prcilMt. 
Thp oommnn ronncil of I^ndon oAm] fur 
an inquiry into Wellington 'e condni'i. H'- 
wan ujuh) as a inMn.'* of attafkinff the mini- 
stry, which was weak and divided. It had 
bcffu di*CT».ilited by ilie Walchfc-ron 
and had lu^t Casilerea^h and 
IVrreval, th« new head of it, was 11 
to withdrawal froni ihv Fvniiuula, w 
Lord Wellesley had joined it aa foT«i^ 
M>crt^ary in order lo countumct bimIi a 
potiev IfiiMfyil. Itfi^. vii. Uft7). 

But it vna not mere part.r spirit ih»i 
found fault with Welltn){toii. Tala^-pts ba^ 
■diownlbnl >ixit^<>n ihou^and nritiih infanlty 
could hold tlieir Emund against tliiitv 
thousund Frmcb. btit nihxrwtw it bait 
borne no f^it ; and the army had escapd 
disaster only by the fniilts of thv Frvnrfi 
leadem, It hod fufTrrfd mneli ond hail 
lo«l fmlh in its pjneral ( NAPinH, I.i/r ufSir 
CkarUa Jam&* yapirr, i. llH. 1^1. 'TI« 
' Moniti'ur ' had i-xprewed ihf hope that hp 
would ahvay-commnnd the English nmiM: 
'du cBractcn* dont il ofl, il i>»g»iet« de 
pTHudi-* cRUu-lroiihes' (MArRri., p, 
NRpoleoii hail mode ptracR with .%uBlfti«' 
and even licfom it wn» nigni^d bad girrO 
onlers (7 Oct. IftW)) for tli« formation of ■ 
fresh army of n hnndr^d thousand mm. 
which Ite meant to l>*ad into Spain at the 
end of the year. As Ix>rd Liverjiool afte> 
warda wrote, ' All the offifors in the anST 
who were iu Inland, wlicthrr they kail 
served in IVtrtugator not, enterliiined awl 
avowed tlie most det]H)ndinf* views as 
thrre«ult of ihi^ war in iliat nouftlry .» 
and not IL mail itrrived from I.Ubon w!" 
did not bring iottiTu nt tbnt tine 
oAinerB of rank and aitnatioQ in the a 
avawLn]{ their opinioiu as to the p: 
and evftU nef^^itv nf a ap^pdv rvscuai 
the coontrr ' {SMppl. lietp. lU Se-pt, 1810) 

But Wcllin;!ton himself never ' 



4 




Wcllcslcy 



179 



Wellesley 



He ittMaioed convinced that the UonntMne \ 
Bystsm Wis liolliiw and tntisl collapM< 
(Jh-jp. 4 April 1810). In (teWber he h&A 
ouHfuUy BX&mlnncl tlivcuuiitrv aew Lbbou, 
and lud otarted lliR works HfttTnardA 
knoim w Ihe linee of Turres ^'edraB [^JJenfK 
30 Oct. ; Suppl. Dr,,,, l.'i Oct., Ac.) In reply 
to l)ie nDKioiiA inquih^a nf rtu; itovem.- 
menli hi> RMured them that thn FniiicI) 
anniM would n(«(J to ho wry larffelj- rein- 
fgnwd to t>ubjugBt« Spain, and until that 
WAS done an Brmv of thirtr thousand 
Bricuh Hud rufty-livu tliotisaud I'ortuguow, 
aided liT mililta, would b*- iiIjIh Io hold 
Portugal. If ■( caniK to th^ worst., the 
I{rit4»li could iiiiliaTk. ' I tnHv fitti, 1 jUiaU 
be most oonfoundodly almsi^d, and in the end 
I may Ioec tUi< ]itlU< chntiiotcr I bar* 
f^ained ; but I sliould not act fiiirlr by tb« 
gOTtiramvnt if i did not t«ll them my real 
opinion, which i», that llifly will bcrray tb« 
honour and interestj^ of the couDtr>' if they 
do not continue tbcireflbrta in the Peninsula' 
(Iksp. 14 and 28 Nov.) lie would not a»k 
tor more men, being tmit^ Ue ahould not get 
lb«m. and it would only fpve \he miniMU-n an 
9SCUJW fur withdniwiii^ ihnarmy (t^. 1-1 Jau. 
1810). 

In the middlo of January 1810 llie I-'wuch 
ioTaded Anilalufin, andmfitwilb lir.t]t'r(vii.<t- 
tancc. Joseph entt^red Seville on 1 1-Vb., 
and OD the 41h Victor invested CVlia. Tii>* 
aid of Briti«h tmoiw, hithrrto dfdint-d, wa.* 
DOW asked for bvtbe Spaniahrfgeuey, which 
had rrplac«d tho central junta. 'Wwl- 
lingtoo *ejit four n^imeuts, and in a few 
montba the fnrcc waa increnaed to a division 
of 8,600 mvu undurO<!UL-ral Thomu« Umliam 
[q. v.] The FfMicIi Biii^t-sa incniRM-d thi? 
onxiijty in Knarland, and LiTerpool wrote I'j 
Wiillinetou that he noiiUI b^ more ntnilily 
oxcu8tKi fur bringing the amy away too 
soon llisn for stayiiic too lonf^, adding, 'T 
could not rMommend any attempt at what 
may be called denperaie resistance' (Supjti. 
I)e»p. \& March). \\'e1lington waj ready to 
Bocopt the rMUODRJbiUty tJiUH thrown 011 
liim, if only the government would trust 
him and leuv^- him to u.\on:iiit' lot own judg- 
inrat; but if (lii-y wem gnitig I0 take other 
people's onininnn insUad of hie, let thsm 
send him (ielaii<irii)«triiction*, and liewoiild 
cony them out (fjfy: '2 .April), 

Napoleon chan^'d bis mind abotii goiug 
to Spain hinjicif, bm hi> »i.>nt I6t>,0(Kl raon 
ibere, or 10 the frontier, in the linit half of 
1610. Ho wrote: 'The English ulutie are 
to be feared in Spain ; lh>.! n-et arv moru 
nartisans, who can ttuver kfvp tltn field ' 
(SI Jan.) To drive 'the hideous leopanl' 
into th« lUM, on army uf Portugal was 



formed on 17 April, consisting of tht! 3nd 
corp* (ituynier), the Otb (Ney), and the 6t' 
(.lunol). and numbering eighty thouac 
mun. MaEftf'na wua appoiutod to ihv com- 
mand of it, and •lv>,0OU men in the northern 
firoviiices uf Spain wara also pluced under 
ii«ord>Ts. Ilrwos to spend Cbe nummer 
in raking frontier fortrcascs, and not enter 
I'ornigal till after lb" barvi-wt. 

To Oppose thin |K>w«rful army, Welling- 
ton had only about fifty thousand regular 
troops, half of which wi-n; Portugoot;, and 
htt WU8 very weak in cavalry. Iliaobjoct w«» 
'to uiake the French move In mosses, and 
to gain timr ; tim>j to Mcurv thit horVHSl and 
iMDiitWlv tilt) liiitfAj time to diMUpline thn 
n^ulan, to efiect tho arming and o^anisor-j 
tion of tho ordvnani^ and to conaulidate 1 
moral aacendancy over thu nation ' (Napieb, 
ii. 3-^). lie meant to Uy waste Ihe 
country as he fell back, lo atarrp tho enemy 
if rhtiv kept to^CGiher, and beat them if 
Ihev ftcatlt'red (cf. De»p. 6 July IHI I ). 

\Vlien Mu^wi'-na joiniKl lus army on 
27 June, the Hfh and 8th coru* were be- 
sieging Ciudad Hodrigo: thu '2aa corpH was 
at .Merida, nml Hill with twelve I liouaand 
vaon was at Purlalegre, south of the Togiis, 
lo watfb it. Wtdlinffton, whos" himd- 
qiifirtrtnt wi^n- at Almeioa, waa pressed 
bv Spouiards and Portuguese to raise th«l 
siege, and wn« t.iunted by the Fn-nrh with 
his innctivity ; hut )ii' would not riflk t 
battle in opvn country with such odds 
against him. Ciudad itodrigo siirrendonjd 
on 11 July, .\3nieida on 2" Aug. Welling- 
ton had fatten back as the French adranet'd, 
and tile sharp uctioii on thu Cua fought by 
itolieri Cniiifurd f(). v.] on 24 July woa 
against bis orders. In tho middle of July 
lievnii^r lind cnwu'd thn Tagu^t near Alcan- 
tara, and Hill had made a parallel move- 
ment, crossing at Villa Vi-lh/i, nnd fsiki'Ti a 
position ni-ar C»i-*iel Brauco. Bihind him, 
on the Zi^Kere, there was u reserve corns of 
ten thausand men, under Lcith ; for Wol- 
liug1<.iu was uncertain as to thu line ofin- 
TAwnn, and ilie Senr* de F^trells wa* an 
obalttcle lo prompt cunceutriUioTi. On 
4 Aug. he iKSurd a prodamation to the 
Portiiguesa, warning tJium that ihey mt 
remove themselves and their property oi 
the Freni^h appmarh. 

On It; Sept. MassCiui assembled lus threa 
coqM west of .VImeida. Ho had decided to 
march hv the right bank of the Mondego, 
and hoped to r^ach Coimbra before Welling- 
ton could 1m JQincd by HUl. But he had 
choHpn <he woral rnad iu Portugal^ his march 
was hara^ised, Leith and Hill joined Wnlling- 
f^a on the 'Hit, and thu allied annv wa« 

n i2 



Wellesley 



180 



Wellesley 



^ 



> up iu pout ion OB tlifl ridg« of Bosuo, 
rynilm north-east of CQtinbrs,wlienth« 
bead of tbi* FnttioTi ftrmy uppMretl on ili« 
35tli. Tlie stren^h of iliia ponition, the 
monj AfieCT of k victory. uoA tlu.' wisb lo 
ypua timu for cWring tlii' country, deti^r- 
iMHii'dW (Ellington toti^Lt Ilicre. The Frencli 
unity VTBH ttovr TvilMOid tu 0-j,OUO, uiitl its 
cavklrv w«5 of nrj lue. 

Napoleon liad told SlamAna not to hv 
ove recall t ioiix, but lo nltitck tlitt KoiiHaIi 
vigoroiiBly after re{!nnnoitring tlicm (Ci/r- 
rmjMmdmct, 19 Sept.); anil, t bough m h-ttvr 
to thi« effect coold not have rwar htnl liim, 
Maasfina Bct«d as Napol«oa n'ould buve 
truhed. He would not allow Nejto fall on 
nt onc«,a8 he wUhiiil to do, but»pent tticiiOtli 
in oxamininjc the Engliab position., which, 
iboiigb sleep and difticult oracccw, wu ex- 
tmided anilftluUlow. On the2Tth hs directed 
Xey's corpa agun^t. the left and Rt-j-niur's 
■zainet tW wnlrr, hrjIilingJimnt'ii in rvm-rrp. 
Nfy'dfttTAckwHfl prntnpfly repulsed byCTrau- 
furd'o division. ICeyniur's i mi>p»foll uptm I'ic- 
Ton'i> divi.4lnti,aiidint'ln-ith !vini^eiuoceefi.biit 
rginforcemiints were broujfht ajsaiiiBt taem 
l*nim iho right, and liii-T failid to k«*p their 
footing on the ridgt^. I'hi French lost four 
thouAUid Gto hundred mon anil the alUrft 
only ihirlvfn limidn^d. Lvnniin^ that therp 
waii a roud over the hills bv which the left 
of the position could be turned, MsMtiia 
murchud liy il next day.gainod the (tp(jrt*> 
road, and entered Ooimbra on 1 Oct. Uwas 
dvevrtud, and ha found uu mtuiis of sub* 
ftiMeni^o but ([Towiiig crops. Irf^nving; lii» 
siuli and wounded tbore, to bv madu prieonors 
in A few ditv« hf thi' PortugucMi militia 
[M.'1'TitAKI, Sir NiLiioUKj. ha followed tlii^ 
allii^) nrniv, which Imd fiilh'n hack Inwnrxl* 
Lislioii. lie cropsed the Monte .Tunio into 
till' Tiilifv of tli« TapUB, and on 12 Oct. 
fimnd him.'xilf ii) front of tlirt lines ofTom^ 
\ iflrn^i, 

Thfi-w works, of which Mai«AnA hnd first 
hifard five days befi>re>, tho)i;^l» they had been 
in progress forncnrlyayeftr,confliBted of two 
chaina of redoubts across twenty-four milut 
of rugged rontitrj- between tho Tapus and 
the sea. The Lnuor chain, about tiC^een milv^ 
north of Lisbon, started from Albandra 
imd ran by Buceltfia, Mafrn, and thu 8iui 
linrtn<;o river to the coast. The outer chain 
also had its right nt Alh&ndrn, hut, pnasing 
by Monte Oraca and Torres Vednm, it fol- 
lowed the course of tht; j^iKandra to the sea. 
The mimher of redoubts was VJii wlii^n tliif 
allied nrniy took shulter within the lines, 
and ^'J~ puns were mounted in tliom. 
There were also other work* Ijelow Lisbon, 
to cr>wT an embarkation at St. Julian's in 







the iHt nmrt. Tbew were nniaonvd 1 
Englith marinex, the works nf tfao two a 
vanced lineii mainly by Portiigiieoe tnilUia.' 
The refoilar tnmM, raised by reinforcmnmti 
to sixty thoaMnd. wi;rr quite unfetttmd br 
the works : while the French were cnirepM 
by Monte Junto and its apiire, which ma 
lateral luovemente »lowaud dimcuti (Jox 
i^etft* in flftaia, iii. 1-101 ; Jaumal r-f Vtuti 
Sm-MT Snftiltithn. xl. 1338 ). 

Mussina canfully examined tbe oul4 
line from end to end, but made no Bcriout 
atlampt to force it; and in the middle of 
Xoveinber he fell bock to .^«nl«rem. IV 
eoantiT behind it bad not been wasted, and 
be was able to maintain himself there till 
the apriug, though constsatly haraswd hx 
parltsans in his rear. He had uked f^r 
large reioforcemenls, and at ibe end nf 
December he was joined by about tweli^ 
tbou-uind men, but ibey did not make dp 
for lux ItNia hv sickness. Moult waa ordervd 
to march to his a»sl!«lance from Andaltuia. 
but iicrupkH! himi^'If in 1>e«ietnng Olive^^t 
and Itad&jnz as a preliminary. 

.Meanwiiile Wellinftton bad his own dif- 
ficiiUif-f. ']1ie pcop1<> crowded round Lkkn 
sulTered terribly, and forty thousand aiv laid 
to have died from privations. Sonie men- 
ber« of the Poriutruese recency, eepedull.T 
Frincipal Soma, iibsfrueted him in ererr 
wfiy and threw on him all the odium of 
the plan of defi-uce {Xffp. HO Nov. anil 
18 Jan, I**ll ). But before Basaco he wrote: 
'Thu tumper of tomv of the oflicvra of the 
ItritiHh iiriny gives me more oonocm thin 

the folly of the Portuguese ^^'ersuMnt 

Therv is a aystem of cnakuty in the araiT 
which is bighlv injurious to tbi! public ref- 
vice, and whic^ I raiisl devise eonw nsans 
of putting an end to. or it will put as , 
end to us'(iMi;t. II Sept.) Among tbne 
croakers were Rrem Spencer, the arcond in 
command, and Charles Stewart (afterward* 
Lord 1 .ondondprry) To. r.". tlie adjutant- 
general (Napier, iii. 49; t'HoKtji, i. MB)- 
The but officers were constantly asking kt 
leave to go home, many others wen* in> 
efficient, and whe^^^ he met with xeal atwl 
ability be could not reward it {Dfjip. 4 Aug. 
and 28 Jan. 1811; Atppl. Drm. 29 Aug. 
IMO). 

The ['cfceva] toinistry did not •e«m lo 
bn%'e "The power, or ths inclination, or the 
nenes to ao all that ought to be done to 
carrv on the cotitp*t a» it might be' (i 
11 Jan. It^ll). When luvn^ioii was immi- 
nent, Wellini^on had asked (on 19 Aae.) 
for all avalluble reinforcements, hut he re- 
ceived only live thousand men inlheaiiturcD. 
and five thoiuand more in the followioj 




Wellesley 



iSi 



Wellesley 



gfTtna. He was lolil that this incnww 
could oolf be temporary, for * it is ob- 
soliitrlr impOMible tocontina«our exertions 
upon tncpivKnt K&Ie in thu IVninsula for 
anyconsiaenbleleufflliof lime' (tA.'^UFeb. ) 
In n.*ply, he remmJfrfi LivoTiwol that tht'ir 
oaly cliuice Ikv bvtwceii %litiii|: iLu Fruiicb 
abroful ar at homo, aad ar^utii tliat the coi^t 
of till} war in tlic rDiiiasuIit, eubtttdits in- 
cluilml, wiu> nuilly itrt; in^U-iuL itf nine, 
nillioua a year {De^. i-i Marrb). 

There eramed mery r«?Jw(on to oxpect tliat 
in iJie spring of Ir^ll tbu Frendi advance 
on l4sboa wgald be resumed in ^ater force, 
and Wellington was urg«d to bti befurf>- 
baud and drive Masifna out of Portugal; 
but failure would have bei-n diaastrous, 
tbe gain doubtful, and liu wuuld nut run 
tb« riak {Deap. '2\ Dec) Ue omtiauwl tit 
Areiwtbcn his \mc», and madu nisw linew 
at Altnnda, uppo«t«- l.mlion, to Hn>t«-n't the 
city and tb« Heet from biimbammf nt from 
th« left bank of tli« Tai[u». llv had to kowfi 
* corps of fourltvn rhoiiMnd mnn on ihnt. 
aide of tbe river, while Mas»£iia waa at 
Santarura, to clivck operationa in Alcint«jo 
by him or by Soiilt. 

'Od 1' Mnreh IHll live tliauHitnd Ilritiah 
troop« Laudfd ul Liabun, and un tliu nijrlil 
of tfieoth Manilla began bia mtniil. He 
mvnnt to hold the line of tlio ^luncli'go, aa 
^apoluon ruckuiied on Ins duin|f {Vwrtfjr. 
29 MarrJi); but on n-ucbing (Aiimbra \%e. 
fonnd it occupied by PortugueJie militia, utid, 
mistaking thorn for t.lip nnwiy iirrivud trnriiw, 
bficoniinuedliiit n^treatuptlittl^ft banhofthc 
river. Wclliiiiit on followed buimjiMclosely as 

jpliea would pcTtnit, and sharp n^rcTnird 

aon« were fought at JVubal, I'ediiihfl, 
|jHovo,and Foxd'Aroni^*^ ( 1 1 -lo March). 
% rvac-Uvl itie bend gf tbu Moudego, 
BO bold liifl antoud nt (luurda lill tlie 
end ufthc month, but wuh then forced back 
licbini) tlif f'on. On 3 April iiti ailion wiis 
fought Bl Subupal between the lif,'Iit division 
an<) Ii»'ynii"r'» riirp», which wa* 'otib of tlni 
most glorioiia tlint Rritiiih Irciope i^ere 
©rer engaged in' {Ifetp, 9 AprilV On the 
Aih Manftiia recro«s«d the frontic^r of Tor- 
tugal and fell bock on Salmuaitcn to recruit 
bis troops. The invasion had cost him tliirty 
tbouannd men. 

Thii W8a the lurnidg-poiut of thi" war. 
Napoleon was already preuariti^ for a breacli 
villi Uuiwia, arid could ill •|>nr>' mum men 
for Spain, whib> Wellington gained atrenglb 
from thp realiHtinn of lirn rorecu't. In fiitiini 
be Itad not lo li^lit. airitini^t dt'^uoiidi-ney 
about the u-ur iu the I'eniusulu, iliou^h be 
had oft>:-n to ojipoto Hclit'in(-« for trmuferrini; 
Krme of the Uritit^h icoojik, or «vc'U liimsi.li'. 



l/> MitDn oUier field {SumiL De»p. 7 Dec 
mil, lL> Oct. W2; and D«»p. 7 Nov. 
1812. 12 July and Jl Hec. 1813). Tbe thanks 
of parliament were voted t o him on 2)1 April 
for bis Buceetnfui d>:fence of Portu^l, Uroy 
Mii^onding tho motion in the lonJs; and 
Samuel WbJtbrend wwt« lo him frankly 
owning that hin opinion about tbe conl«at 
in the rGiiin«ula was changed. 

It wan miw Wrlliiifftuiia fin^t oln<«I to 
rvcover the frontier tortrea-iea. lie had 
b(i[itH] f) ftnve RadHJox, but it mirrwnderwd 
prematurely on 11 March ; and Soult, hoar- 
Ills of Ofuliam's victory at Barroea on 
tt March, returned to .^ndaluala. On tha 
15tb lieresford was detached acroas ibe 
Ta^us with twenty-two thousand menlo 
retake Jladujos before thu brvuicboe were re- 
imired, and to raitMi Lite Awge nf (7auipo 
Miiyur, on which Moriicrwas engaged. The 
Ult«r placK frll on tlie -1*1, Imt whn tv 
coverod on the iiHth, und, pnaainp iJie Gua- 
diuna on R Ajiril, Beresfonl reCuoK OHveofa 
on the 1'lth. Welliii^oii, liavinf^ invested 
Almeida wiih the main army, left bis troops 
under Spencer, and went lo E1vb« in the 
middle of April to armuge tor Spanish co- 
operatiou iu the aie^eof lt4idajoz ; but hu was 
•000 rt>caLled to (be nurlh by the udvuncu 
of Mas&gna with forty-hre ihoiuiaiid luun 
to rulieve Almeida. Wellington had only 
thirty-five thousand, and in uavatry the 
French were four lime-i hia atn^ngth. Ho 
drew up his army hthind the I>os Casati 
!»! reiun , li.rt w<-('n Fori. Co no 'pi ion find Fuirntwj 
de Ofinro; and on 8 May the Frendi attacked 
Ibo TilUge, while demoiistraliDK along the 
whole front. On tha 5th tb« attack on the 
village was reut.-wed, and having shifted the 
8tli corps from rii;ht to left, Maasfina sent It 
forward lo turn llie Brilwb rigbt. In antici* 
pation of micb a inovenienl Wellington had 
extended lus luic, so thut Fucntcs du Ofiuru 
had bflroinn thi- ciritrti itiBtleiid of ibe right ; 
hilt the extemion hjid weakened it, the new 
right WHM «i>on forced bitclc, and bad lo form u 
freali front al right angles to iho line. ThiH 
it WHS allowed time to do, and the French 
attack was not piishud further; but Wel- 
lington owned ' if" Honey " had been tbere, 
we »1iould have been beaten' {fiuppl. Itrfp, 
2 July : Lakpe-st. i. 82), On tlii' 10th .Ma»- 
stna fell back to Ciudad lUidrig-), ckiming 
a victory though lie had failed in hia object ; 

' but that iii)[1it Ilrrnnirr, thn ^ovi-rniir of 
Almeida, hlfw up part of the works and 
brought off hi' garriwin. Wellington waa 

' m\ieh v.'Xi^l at his escapf : ' I iim obliged 
to be everywhere, and if ahi^-ut from any 
operation. Mniething gw« wrong' {D^»p.* 
lo May). Mkiiditt now handed over liifl 




Wellesley 



iSi 



Wellesley 



eommand to Mirmont, wbo had b»«n trnt ' 
to euecenl him, nnd who wiihdrew most of 
the troops to ^^aluIlaacft. 

Tlw Biemt of Rmlnjox Itnd btwn bo^n on 
8 May 1811, but Souli H(lvknc<.*(l ii> nttv it. 
Ilfi wu cl«fMktp<l by nM«&fnrd at Albii?ni, 
owini; 10 the fxtniordiiiiiry lunncily of tLt.- 
Kngltnli infantry, hll^ al t)i« coat »f nearly 
two-l birds of the tin.Aj«mfl/o/l7BiVfrf^rn'(Sf 
Intlilttliim, xx%\x,VUA); nnd he fvtintii to 
IJercna. (>n the ]Ht.li,thi><lay nn which the 
hairlH WRu fmi({bt, WwMiriRton hwi wt mit tn 
join Bcntfifonl, nnd hp nrrivwl nt Klvas on 
ibe 19tb, followed by (wo British divisions. 
Th(; %wgu of Bftdojox widi Wguo afresh : bat 
the tneaos wero ienmy, tht.' guiui Imd, mid ' 
nn 10 Jiitifi it bad to hv raised, for Maruiont 
was maisrhiii^ xoulliwnnl to ioio Hoiilt. Thn < 
I wo rnarxlialii irn^I at Mtriita on fh*! I8tli, 
and m>xr diiy their Romhinpd arniiua reached 
Ba'iaiiJi, W><llii)i[t'ii) hail ri-lirwl acrosn the 
fliiftdiann, and fjilipn a posili'ni near l-^pa.*, 
wherv hi- waa joini-d on rht; i4tb by Spencer 
wit.h t.lio rc.'tt of his troops. He wm jjrt- 

Sored to accept battle, though hn bad only 
rty thousand rarn to meet sixty-four 
thousand. Tli« Kn>itc!i eomcMii'd thctnu-Ivefi, 
howeviT, with nditiviiijf Hndiijoz. SoiiUwasi | 
dnwn back ru Andnlusiii by ihrcattt against 
Heville, and in tbo niiddlti of J itly Mnrmuiit 
retired hctohb the Togiis to l^la^encia. 

WellinKtun delermini-d to try a stroke at 
Ciudail KdflriKii, bf1ii>V(n|^ that h>.< womM 
not iind the cnemv in such ftiroe in the 
north. 1.1-BviMg Hdl witli fonrt^^n thou- 
Rand men twutb of tlie Ta{^u-<, he maivhi'd 
backtolhi' neighbourhood of that forirfss 
tnd invosUsl it in thr bvpnning of Auf^ust. 
A powerful si«ge-train, newly conte from 
England, wu secretly «ent up the J>iiero 
to Lamego. But ti« wu s^uu confroiiTed 
by ft cftrabinaiiwn more powerful than he 
had reclioni'd on, and C(.>nnned himself lo a 
hlti-rl«iuii'. Ill till' tiii'ldlimf .Scptt'nibcr, when 
the flupplii'a of Kodripo hpgan to run nhort, 
Marniont imd DoFK^nne (who comraanded 
the amny nf rhenoilh)ildTnncH to rnvicrunl 
it with sixty tbonsand men. Wellin^ioa 
had only forty-four Thousand, and could not 
prevent thtim; but, wixliin^^ to luiilcu tht-m 
i>how their force, he iilood hiit uround soulli- 
wt^Bt of the fortress, his troops boin^ ex- 
l«iid<Hl ovT fwi'uty njili-ic. A vijp>roiii» 
ailaclc would hnve lippn disaflrroiin to him ; 
but hi- took the mi'iisure of hi? adversary, 
atwl flhowod a bokU^r front than rirciim- 
ctAnces warranted. His centre was forci^d 
hftck at Kl Itridnn oil th>' '.^.'itlt, but he re- 
tired iilowly. making )i stand nt Oiiiiialdo 
and at Aldoa I'onte, and so ^Iii>.'d time to 
COD'^-'— ■■• his trooi» "" ''"' *^'"' {^^- Mae- 




-f t b>^ 



MOirr, JUfmoirwi, it. BS; THifcsarLr, M< 
mning, IT. filO). Marmoni th^-ti fell 
and retnrned to the ^-alley nf the Ta^t. 

Wellington's Ttlans haA be<>n battl^ but 
h« had engagvd Ine attention of ib« eoemT'i 
main armies and had saved llalicia. tie 
had found jicn-at dilhculty in ft^ixlinj; hii; men : 
hewaA oblige) to inii>ort whmt Tmrn Rfrtvt 
and America, and to uae eonuniasariat 
aN a paper currancT in ilefault of specie, 
nay tne muleteere on whom he depended ft 
his transport. The British troops in 1 
iVninsula had been rnii«od to nearly si 
thousand men, but one-ihird of ihiain « 
sick. The I'ortugueae suflered even moiaf 
for tlteir ^Tvmaie&c woaM mako no ex!#>' 
tions. Il considered all danger P>st, and 
r(><^irded the war as the coucirrn of England, 
not Portugal {Dfr*p. 13 Sept.) Vrt W»l- 
lin^^tou, hard iireMed for means as he wa«, 
still continued lo strvn^lien the works fat 
the defence of Lisbon, to mf«t a posnblr 
turn nf fortune. He was given the local 
rank of ji^ni^ral on ft \\i(;., and r«>cciTml the 
(fraud cross of the Portuguese order of tht 
Tower and Sword, with the title of C 
di- VimeJro. 

At the end of the year French Imopa lu 
thu number of sixty thousand men veic 
withdrawn from Spain, thcmililary dirinoo* 
were rearranged, and Mannont wiw told to 
send troops to hel[i 8uchot in Valencis- 
This favinitrtd an outrriirt*ft for which Wel- 
lington had been serretly preparing. He had 
brought his sirge-trnin lo Almeida, as if fcr 
itie annament of that nlacv, and on 8 Jan. 
IHI'i he appeared before Ciudad Itodripi. 
That night a roilonbt on a hill from whick 
tbe walls could be breached at a raagv of 
six hundred ynrds was atonnod. ]latt«nes 
w«rc built there, and on tbe IPth, then 
being two prsctienble breacltes, n gnnmUj 
assault wa« tnndi} at five pointfi. At tl 
main, breach the ili-fencfi waa obxtinnte, ha 
the defenders were taken in rear by thf mrtil 
of ibit lif^rht. division, who had carried tbtl 
nmaller hivaph. Alon^f with thu fortrosi^] 
and itn (garrison of seventeen hiindred tat 
Martnont's sicgir-tntiii fdl into Wellingtonlf 
bands. The loiis of the bcsit-^K waa i ~ ' 
t<7fn hundred. Mnrmout, whose head*] 
ipiari«r« wurv now ut YalladoUd, wyis nOkj 
awure nf thK slc-ge till the ITiih, and by (I 
timu he had aAsemhIod \m army he ImdiI 
thai ihr- place had fnlleii. In rifward (o 
this brilliant stroke Wellington was ma 
nn earl (IS Feb.), and received the than 
of pnrliamcnt (ll> Fi-b I. with an addilional^ 
annuily of '2,V(]0l. The Spaniiih goremufilt 
created hint lluke of L'iudad JCodrigo and a 
grandee of the lliyt cla««. 




Wellesley 



183 



Wellesley 



to eel po60eMiou of Bad^jos 

befiwe the French, who had to tire 
upoD the countrv, coulj lake the &tf\>i. He 
r«niMn«<l near itodrigo till its work« were 
niMured; thuu puitinu il ■'^)»iii»h girri>ou 
iiitn il, and trufttiiiK llii' dt^fcrice of rbo 
frontier to the P'jrc u^u<jti>.' militin aiid ihu 
lialiciAiu, Uf took lii" wli<il<- iimiy [n Klv>d 
tu tlui bwnning uf March. On tiu- Itttb ku 
invealed lUdajoi. Th>< cnrrisi:>ti iitiml»-r<-d 
fivB thouftand men, snd lh'< works wefB 
stronger than ihose of Hodriffo; but there 
wu agaiaahitl from which tho wiiUk tniifht 
ba brMchcd at a dtaConro, and ihat side was 
ffiOtm for the attack. The IVtiriiia n- 
doalA, which acuupiMl thi» hiti, wu«^tonu).-d 
<}lith«^lh; HudouU Aiiri I. breaches huviiitt 
Iwenformiid in two boatintts and th^> curlatii 
betwMn Uittm, ordtiv wwrv given for tin- 
•JtsBult. The nbstaclMand firecnmuntered 
at th« hrvac'hi^s provnl inBiinnouutnbU' ; , 
but It briguli' of the tiflli divi.4ioti iind^r 
<}«nerel (ivorge Towiishend Walker [(I"-] 
eacaladwl the work* on thi- oppodit-.- sioi'- of 
liui town, and advtuici^d along ihv roiupuru 
towarda the brradies. Tbe caatle, too. wm 
flMaladvd hv t1ii.< third ilivisiDn iinck-r I'lcton, 
Th<" troO]i!i di-fnniliuff ihn lin-wt^li'^^ disperaed, 
and the tilaru was taken and sacked. It 
ooet Wollin^tnii n>-iLrlv fivn ihuiuuiml uii'u, 
of whom more ihnn two-thirrls fpll in the 
ansault. When he luarnt the extent of Lis 
lo«»eA, ' I lie firitnit-AX iif bta iiHt iin- )fftv*> war 
for a moment, and th>' pride of cnnque^t 
yielded to a nxMionale l>iir»r of ^nef * 
(NAPiBit,ir. 123: Poktbr, i, 29'»-.1l 1 ), 

He wrote next day to Lord Liverpool 
■^ bofffHnfr that tbo British army miffht bo pro- 
vitT«i with a corp* of trntui.'d Mippern nnd 
miners, aa every forei^ iirmy wos; addmp 
tliat it wu u cruvl eituutiou fur any |K.T»on 
til Im pInrtTil in (o have to .-wcrifiw- hi» be-it. 
ollicerti and men in carryinjr audi places hy 
rtrr fnrrf [Aihrnaatm, liV<9, i. h-M). Itiit if 
hfi had had the meansi he hiid not the time 
for Ky-tematic approaches. >Soult wn» ad- \ 
vanrin)^ with twentj-foiir thonMni! men, I 
and a lecond battle of Albueru was immi- | 
Html, wh^n the plaoti fell. Mnrmoni: hud 
tneant to si-nd thn-i^ divi^ionti to help isoult, 
but ho received order* fn^m Nop'tleun I fVc- 
m^). 1>! Fab.) thai if Welliii^'lon bliould 
make lh« n))atak« of attacking HuiJnjoi, Uh 
wa^ In march on Almeida and pujih out 
pnrtirK to t'oimbro. Accordingly lie untt-ri'd 
I'ortijj^l at. the end of March. 

Le«rninf; this, and that the Spaniards hnd 
neglMted to proviaion Itodrifpi. Wrlliripion 
g«Te up his int«Diiou of following .Soult, 
who had n-trcat(^ into Andalusia, nnd in 

iC middle of April rucrosauU the Tagu», 




leaving Hill on lh« south side aa before, witll 

seventeen ilioiunnd men. l>n hU Approach 
Mannont fell hack, having done nothing be« 
yntul gathorini; t^upplio^ The invasion of 
Andaluaia had been ^^'«llinf|;ton's plan for 
the campaifni- I'Qrccd lo abandon it, he de- 
Ii^rmiDeu to invade Cascilv. feeling sure tJiur 
if he could hetit Marmont he ^onld in- 
direL-tly deliver the south of Spain. An 11 
pn-limiiiarv', he ca»»nd liowlaitd Hill [a. v.1 
10 aoiic and destroy the double bridgehcM 
at Almnrax which Marmont had built tO 
secure hiii cointuunirntion with Soult: and 
lu* made this caiiiureaoemlo threalttii Soult, 
Streng'thening \\\* disinclination to datadi 
troops to the noriL. Wellington aliortenvd 
his own cammuiiication with Ilill hv repair* 
iiig the bridgu at. .\lcatitani. Tim Kriiish 
sea-power nut oaly h«lped hiui in iVwdins 
hi« iroojis itiegp. 4 Dec. Ilill). but enuhletl 
him ti> (five occupation to the other French 
armies while he was dealing wilh the army of 
I'urtugul. The east coast was t^ be threatened 
by an expoditirm from Sicily, the coast of 
Biscay by a Bi)UEidfoii under tiir ilome Fop< 
ham nctinf; in concert with the Spaniaras, 
while che iroopti at Oudix ondCIibraltarweris 
to hinder SouU from conceutrating againat 
Hill. Nurtli of ih>j Dueru tho Portitgitese 
oidilia arid the Culicianit werv to invadii 
the Aslurias and [.eon, and to co-operate 
with hi» own army. 

On l^IJiine Wellington pnimed thvAgiieda 
with nearly fifty thouejuid men and ninrched 
on Salnmancit. Somu convent* winch hod 
iHKin converted into fort^ delatni'id him thcro 
ten days. <.ln the ^tii Marmont brotight up 
twitntv-live tht)u*find men. and wa.« joined 
two days afterMar'lK by tiflven lhou»aiul 
more. A Rood opportunity of brinpn^ him 
to action !<euuiK tu Liavu buen uiissL-d | Nai-i bit, 
iv. a4Ul, ftud when lli.- fnrta li-U on theLTth, 
he rvtirod behind the Uuero. The two 
uriuiea retuained in obnervaliim ufoni* another 
on that river till l(f July, when Marmont, 
bring joined by six thousand men, took the 
nfl'enaive. Hiit t>kilfiit maii(nin*re« nnd the 
Rteiiter niohility of his trofps forced the 
allied armv hot^'lt \o the Tormcs, and across it. 

On 'J'J July ihul urniy wan drawn np <« 
the hill* soulh-enst of liialamanca, and ila 
buj^'gagi) vas nlntudy on the ruud tu ICudrigo. 
King Joseph wan mnrchind fnim Mnilrtd 
with fourlfi-nthouiiand men to join )Iarmonl, 
and lliRrD wrm now nothing to binder tlnni 
junction. Home eavBlry, in whifih arm Mar- 
mont wn« weak, were nlao on their way to 
him from rh^ army of thvi north. But. from 
\*aDily.asXa[K>k<on not unfairly said ((.Wrvty, 
'J Sept. I, he gave thu opportunity for which 
Welliu^on was anxiously watching. I-'ear* 



Wellesley 



184 



Wellesley 



in^ that hii coein^ vould ouApR bim, lie 
puuetl out two divioionii of bis left, towards 
tira Itodrigo rood witLnitt vrnitingf for ftll 
bis iiiDV to coa]>^ uti. JIimv were mot and 
repuUed by the third division, under I*akon- 
liata, wliilu Kworttl utbt^r diviaioiis udvtncMl 
Kgalnitt tlieir llniik. A maiu of British 
cavalry fell on iho diHonlmMl Irwips. and, lu 
a I'D'HcIl iifliriT jmt it, forlr UiDiixncid iii«ii 
were beaten in forty ni'iiiiitaa (NiriBH, iv. 
£06). Marmoiit wn* Hnimilcil, rniil ikiginnt. 
CUu$i*l, to whom tH<! ("imiDAnd t)i«-n porwed, 
m&de a brave Btand at the .\rapiW, and 
drew ott'hin iroop»art«r night full ucrnsn lh« 
Tormea. In this be was aided by tht: with- 
drawal cif th« S})«nianlB, unknown to AVel- 
linj^on, from iLi-fnn of Alba du Tonnce. 
ITii* battle wu» Wt^Uiugion'n masterpiece: 
' There woa no mistoki' ; uvcn'thing wl'dI. us 
it ought; ntHi llii-m En-vi-r wim lui aniiv no 
beaten in na flhort & tinif> ' < Dffn. '2A Julv ; 
cf. CK<:iKi:K,ii- lit.*; M»Ksiiix^, Sfhnm'rr4,tv. 
226). The losa of ihe nrilidh and I'ortu- 
guesti was b.'2'24, that of the Fn^nch tnon> 
tban twice- as mwch. 

Claiiiifl uiudti a rapid letreat to ValUdolid, 
and thence to Burgos. He wa« not hard 
pruASi.<d,r(>r't]ivvigurou«fo!lowingofab<'at«n 
wneiny was not u prominent characteristic 
of Lord Welti ugton'if wurfiiru ' (N.^PlEit, ir. 
:J78) ; but hi-t army wn* mi dUorganitHsl that 
afori night ofterwurda oulv twenty-two thou- 
sand men hod boenbrouglit tomtit Iut. WbU 
liiiDton follmwcd liim lothi^ Duero, aiidoccu- 
pied \'ailadolid: then, leaving oni! division 
nnd kuhk.i Spuniiih trciiipi> tn wtili-h C!lnum)1, 
he Riarclit'd with iwenly-elgtu tliiiu^nndiufin 
upon Ma<lrid, JoM'ph had Wi-n widiiu a 
few milii* iif liic retnivlingflTOiy i*f I'ttrlwgal 
on the l'4th, biil,on leiirnin); of lis defeat, he 
rctirL-d towards Madrid. <Jti Wfllington'ft 
Oppiuach lliL-eowrt. quilted that city, and, 
with rlie nniiy of the centre, went to join 
Esuchut in ^'alcncia. Ou 1i Aug. \S'L'ILiug- 
tuu i-nfiTfil JImlrirl. IK- wilh n-Ceived with 
ui I'uihusia^m which hv tried to turn to 
ftomt- pnuTlicnl iici.'inint hj a prochimntinn 
iwim'd (in fl.lin '2iHh. 

Ill- ril.|< rt »till was to force Hoult out of 
Amhihi'^iii, ftnd hi* was iirt-mrcd. if uocen- 
Bary.to oiaich there liiiusi-lf. Ilut ou 2<'> Aug., 
the day on which Josiwh jmnod SuchL-t at 
Alin&iiZQ, SouU, in <:iljfiiti.'iiCL> In the King'tt 
reiteratpd orders, raised the blockade of 
Cadie, and begun his march to .Murcia. 
Wdllinglnii rrmainrd at 4Mndrid till 1 SopL. 
Bj that time he wofi satii'lied thai Soiilt was 
not moving on th>- capital, and hn h(i<l K-anit 
that thf. nrmv of I'ortuenl had n^nrrupied 
VtUadolid. Lt-ating Hill to over Madrid, 
he raarcheil norThward wiili ilir«-t- divinion*. , 





hoping; to dispose of Clwiwl b<-fnre tha 

armies gathering in the couth-«aM xtvtv 
rcfldy I0 adranrc. Rut th>.' Omliciaos kept 
him waiting, sod <'lauM^l fell back eluwljr 
and Hkilfully behind BurgoD, giving nooppois 
tuiiily for a docitive action. 

Wellington reached llurgo» on 18 Sept., 
and before going further be thought it necea- 
Mtrv to talti- the raallt*. [t waf>a poor place, 
but situated on & steep hill with three v 
ci^<wive lines of dpfi>ncF, and it had an < 
cellent gmrriaon of two thonmnd mi'n. 
was doubtful of siicceas from the out 
The want of giina, ammnnition, and train 
men wu even more marked hero than be- 
fore, and he was unwillmg to sacrifice Itri 
tisli)io1dier«loniiLkeupfor it {De»p. 2' Sr; 
An outwork was stormed on the 19th, 
a month afterwords tltv main works still 
hfid nut, though four asxaullii bad Ixtvn de- 
livered, and the losw of the beaiegerB « 
Lfcih'd tile iiuiiibfir of the gmrribon. 
niwaulla were made hr too nnall pa: 
and the troop« emploved were Jnexperi 
(/>^>. 2«Nov.; PoR"TK«.i..Sl>UaO). M 
while the army of I'ortiigo], joined hr 
army of the niirth and by other reinfo 
uentfi, bad grown to foiiy-four iboutani 
men. Souhum, who was now iti command 
of it, tidvuucvd from the Ebro. Wellingtou 
prepaivd to meet him withthirty-lhreethos* 
sand, mope than one-third of whom wm 
Spaniurda, and <JD SO Oct. & bairjewasi 
mim-Jit. * Korlunatcly they did not ttlXtA 
me : if they had I uiu^t have been de^MmveJ,' 
he wniti' {Suj'jii. Ih-rp. 2o Nov.) Soun 
received rrdeni from the king not to fl^ 
Mnd Wellington bad news next day from 
Hill which diMt'rniintxl him to FPtrt'at. He 
raided the siege, disengaged himself i<l>ilfullv, 
and by the 30th he wn* holding the line of 
the Uoero opposite Turdfiiilltt*. 

By thnt time the king, with Soult and 
fifty-^'igbt thoiiHuiid men. bod reached tbe 
Tapus, so that WtlliriKli^m luid on hiJt hanilt 
mure ihtin a hundred ih<<usand of theeaemjr, 
a* the ri-Miilt (if hiH vlclorv at Salaraani 
The expeclition from Sirily, which bnd land 
Ht Alicant under Maitland, though not in 
auch force m hod be^n pmmi«cd. detained 
Suchet on the const ; but the Spaniard*, w 
usual, bitd failed to do their ]>art. TbeoortM 
had appointed WellLngtOD generuliseimu 
the armies of Spain on "H ."^pt. : but B, 
Il'sCito^, inatcudof threatening the flank 
Joseph'n army, lu he waa ordenvl to do, tt- 
mained at Grunadn, nnd publinhed a prolttt 
agaiiiNl the di>t;m<ltitirin of )>r-rvmg under a 
foreigner, (tn the :i()ih Hill reouvcd ia- 
»tnictione from Wellington either to join 
him or i[> retrent do^u the To 



Uri- I 

rtiil^ 



lOB-^l 

from^^ 



nos 

Ul 

led 
ort«^i 

ikoT^ 




Wellesit 



185 



Wellesley 



cboie th« former, ■□<! when lie hiui [uwwd 
the Sicrrn Ousdomunn frrttli onUTg directed 
him on t!wl«iiiuuca, 10 wbich place W<<llin)(- 
loQ bod been obli^d to full buck. On ^ Nov. 
tbo Trbolv ariny Mseubl^d lb<>re, ct>n.Hist)n9 
of flftv-two ibmijmnd Itritiab and Portuguese 
and eixU'ttn iboiifiand S|^<uuiiin]e. Tbu uiiitt-d 
French iiniiifw nurnbcrx'd iiiiielv Ihousanil, 
Bome troopa having bi^n sent Wk lu tliL> 
Dorlb. fiev«r11ipl<?aMi, WVllingtim hojM-il to 
maintain himnelf on tho Tormee, ucd wais 
BKpared to tight on Iits old biit.tlvlii-ld. 
Jourdon, the chlt'f of Jnwrib'ii naff, wiiihMl 
to atuick him ; but Soult t!ioti);bt it U>tt«c 
to turn his right Hank. Iiko Mnrmont, font 
with a widiir HWtitrii. 'iliis threaiomtd bia 
communicationa, BQaoi) the fiftventb hocon- 
tiniKHl his nitrMt tu Uwlri^^. TUv tmopg 
ibMi wriit intd eauloniueiiU for the winter. 
There was no fearof aninTnaiftiiof Ponugal, 
for I. be Fn*ncb hnd l<u>t thi-ir oninajtci^ uiid 
RiagazJnea. In the rourse of the year Jicnrly 
three thousand g\ma had bu-ii Uikcit, and 
twarlv twinfy tbtuHond Fivncb prisoners 
bad Wen &enc to England {Dcfj'. tU and 
•.*3Nov. ; I.ABPENT, i. 308). 

Then; bad bi^'u unch oiiKouduct during 
the retreat, and Wellin^on iasued a general 
(nrdt!r(ii8 Nov.) in which he «poku «f ibi? 
diacipline of t bi- army an wi<t>e than that of 
any armr he had ever wad of. Tbta eevern 
an^ undiHcriminaliiig c^neuru uf tn;i>p4 
whn>ae diM-iiiiinf^, n» hn afli-rwiirds di^i-Urwl, 
waAinGni(»y superior to ibut oflbcFreuuh 
waa re»erit<-i) iBitrcF., /.i/r of Sir Wi/iitim 
ytgrifr, i. 124; CK<)St:K, ii. ^10). He n^ 
ccived the t bank B of mrliann'nt ('27 April) 
for t h# onpT urp of Rndiijox, and itgain (3 Pwc. ) 
for tliu Rubftef|UL-nt i'uniiHiigri and eapeciully 
the victury of Salamanca. He was c?ri^t«d 
Man|iii» of Wi'lliDjtlyu on Id Aug. lUli, 
and 100,000/. waa voted for the puri^bAM' 
' of wtaUu for him. AV'vLIiuglon inirk wai- 
bought with iian of thia grant, the maiiorof 
AVullingtcn naving been alnndy acquired 
for hiM t,SujifiJ. Drrji, 31 Sfpf. and 2'2 Dfc) 
He wa^ given *ltie ('iiiou Jack' lu an aii);- 
m«nlatiijn ofarms, ruCher to hi« annoynme, 
«N it Memed o« PiUat inii.i. nnil it wmild 
acarcely be credited that be had not applied 
for it ; but be wa* gind »t any rate thai 
Lonl WVUtwluy's 8Uggi*t.ioii lultl iioi Uwn 
adopted — 'a Frwich eagle on a scnlcheon >if 
pretenci' * (iH. 7 and 12 Sept.) The priiiiM.' 
regnnt of i'orliignl inndr- liiiu Mnniiirc cIm 
Torres Vwlraa and iJuiinc da Vietona, and 
the Stianieh ri'gency gave bini the ordt-rs tif 
Sao Fernando and the Oolcb^n Flct^c. On , 
i Jan. l*iy be woo mfide cjltmel of the 
horM guard", whiob '-iid'-d hi* bmg conncc- ' 
tion wilb the 33rd ; and on 1 .March he re- , 



Ceired th^* Oarler, mad« vacant by the death 
of Lord Bucking'bam, whoae aicfo-do-camp 
he hadbiwu. 

In December lie w>-nt to Cadiz, and with 
the aiiHi»tance of hi» br<^i(bt<r Hour.', thw 
Rriti«b niiri«t4.-r there, he brought utiout 
some iniprovcmi^Dt in the condition of ibe 
Spanish nmiJca. TUe boslilitv and obstruc- 
tion which be met with at J-iiiWi when pre- 
Earing for lite caiiipaitj;ii of ]g|.1 obliged 
iai to appoal once more to the princ re- 
gent in nnaWiTh^u 13 April 1813). The 
war with the Tnilt-d Statoa restricted his 
Ntipplii-s of corn, and be was near losing hie 
besi. iiiibliern fnrwaut of money 10 re-eugage 
ibein. ■ No ade<]uutti notion of Wellington's 
bi-rculenii tnbotirs can tie formed wilbout ao 
intimale kuowludge of his financial and 
political dilKculLien' (Napier, v. ■>2). Vet 
wjib all this on bis bands, we are lold by 
bis jtidge-advocatt^gviiirrnl : 'He bunts ol- 
u<»t every other day, and ihn^n maUc.-* np 
fur it bj^ grwit diligence and instant decision 
on the mii^rmedint^ dayit' (IjAWrEirr, t. 60). 
As ibu result of bia efforts, and of i^rd 
Wei lesloy'acismplaints of thostunLib support 
which ibe British gOTenuneot oad uflurdcd 
bitn. Wt-llington was ready to take tka flaldl 
iu May lHi:i with a well^iquipped army of 
forlv-three lbi>u»»ad Hriti«li und twfiily- 
foven thousand Portuguese, which was to 
be aMiMi-d iu tliu north by twenty tbuui^nd 
^!paDlania; wIuIh liliy tbouxuiid, including 
tlie Anglu-Siciliaj] lorce, now under Sir 
Jolin M.irmy ( 17B8P-I827) [q. v.], were to 

five occuuation to Suchet on tho east coast. 
>uring tli't! winter the French tr>opl liml 
been narosaed by ^uiTilln warlare, and they 
bad been reduced m numbtir*, and still more 
in finality, by drafts to replace the army 
which had W'iide«troyod inKussia. 8oult, 
whom Napoleon spoke of ok ' the only man 
who iindwrftoud war in Spain,' had been re- 
calledal.Jo»<>pirHwiMh. TbitliinghHcl trans- 
ferred bis court by the eroiJt'ror's orrlprs to 
Valladiilid, nrid apraad bin troops from tho 
Eala to Madrid, though ho bi.Oi<nTd the latter 
111 b.' the threatened point. Uut of 1 10,000 
nitn, forming the urmtc* of the south, tho 
centre, the north, and Portugal, half wore 
cngtigwl with tlie revived in*iit'ri*cl'ion in the 
iiorifacnt pmiinceM. 

Wellington's real intent inn, wliieli In- look 
oatw to concual. was to invade tlie north of 
Spain, wbem be woubl have the n«!iistance 
of the (lalicians, ibe imturgi^nt Imnd^, and 
the Itritiiflt Elerl, and would strilte the French 
cominunicarionft. To turn their posit ions on 
the Doero. which had cbeckinl bicn in 1H12, 

fart ofbiM urmy was to enms that river in 
'ortufcal, and ad^ancu on the north aide of 




tb. Un 33 NaT he puwtd tbe fruntier, wared i 
forvvrtill to rortnnl, snd monxl irith Im ] 
rigbr wing on Swmuica. Driving nut r I 
Fnmch di\'iai<in, )ii.< wpnt on to the Uuem, I 
whirh WM rrachfid nn Hie 2Mli. The 1<^ I 
wing, forty thmisiinj Btroiig, under tiraham, 
luul grmt (lil)i>cultic« to overfoma in morch- I 
ing liirougli tlie Tnut oh Monies and crouing 
ibeKdft; but by 8 June iha whol^ nrniT 
was tiiiit«il «t Toro, on tUv rtifbt buili uf tii'c 
Duero, Wcllingtun ufterwnni* said tliat 
tbiB WAS ' thi! inuet dilticuU muve he ev.-r 
■niidf — tliAl il wM ttiue/t an^ ffii, nnii rii(iiirfil 
mow (irt than anythinjr he ever did' (Bklxb, 
Li/f i(f Sir William Sopier, \, l-l"|. Bill, 
llie French vterc. loo wtvak And flOAtl>'Ted lA 
hinder tlie junction, ' 

ItyitJunt! \i*'\'-i .lose-ph had brought to- ' 

E3thiT&fi,v-Qveihciu«i[idm«nQnthePi8un'^; 
B bad auiumnn«d troops from tbe norlb aud 
uiut, urid hi'iHrd tu maku n atand fit Iturcoii. 
Hut be wiia<>VL>rnuitcbMlandout^;eii>Tall«d. 
Abandoning Burgos, ho fell back to the 
Klin) ; and WiiUingtoii puKlim] fin.RgiiincL 
the aiivicf nf bis ataff, hoping to 'buMlft' the 
Fn,'iidi out. of Spain Iwfnn" thi>y were rein- 
forr<-d iCroki:k. i. :{:^!, ii. 2M). Adhi-riiig 
lo hU sTBtum of tiiraing their positions by ' 
Ihi- ri^-ht, In* passM tW Ebro ubovp Frius, 
and jirovided biuiself with n new batti at 
.S&ntandor. To give time for his detached , 
troofui lo join him, and for his cnovoya to i 
Bet ftway, Joseph took up a poaitjon near 
Vttoria, behind thu Zailara. The army of I 
Ibo Boulb tind(.'r (Ituan frontvd wt-st, with I 
lh« (irniy of ibe centre behind it.; wbiln 
Kuilk-, with two divisions of the amiT of 
Porlugal, linrnil thu ronihi wbinh led to 
Vitorin fnira the north. The linn of nitrMt 
to linyonnu wuh in prokingiit ion of Heille'a I 
fmnt. On '1\ Juno WVIIington nttflckml [ 
(jax)in with fifty iboiisanil men, while \ 
Graham with thirty thousand nttivckcd i 
itville, and seixed the Ilayntie road. Tliv | 
French fought wpII, but prcswd on two 
sidiu, and »tiU viicuiubvn;u with » huge 
train, they were I'orrod to n>tr«at on I'mii- 

J'luna by a iNid ruud, and in vxtrcmu coti- 
uiioti. Their loui in imui wbk not much 
^\nler than that of the allies, about five 
thousand ; but t boy Ivft b«>bind tbem nearly 
att their guns, their Htnrct, and triMUium. 
Jowph'e privitto pap^^Ts and Jourdan's baton 
were nmong thf> »\fyn\, ami ft Urge number 
of pielurea, including mnny Spanish uiaster- 
pieCi-s from Madrid, which wen.' aflt-rwards 
ffiTen to Wellint'ton hv King Fvrdinatid 
{itujMtl. Drtp. \\S Mnroh is]4). 

Tho buarcn anny (•(iiilinm-il its rutivst 
oerooi the IVrt-neej*. Oflbf French Inio])* 
not prMi'nL tit ihv battle, SL'veuloL'n thuii- 



aand under For retired by ibo iteyc ^ 
road, followed by (Irmham; fburt«en thon' 
Bond under CUu^l, piinuMl br Wellingiun, 
marabEd down i1m Abro to Zaragoxa, and 
cma*ed tbe Pj r iaBCM by Joca. Only the 
armies of Aragoa and Catalonia remained m 
.Spain, numbrring nearly sixty rhouautd 
men. Murray bad failed badiv at Tarra- 
gona ; but Sudtet, on learning Jooepha itr 
ivat, coiweulmiod hit tnK)p) on Caulonia. 
and did not interfere with \Vellingti>n's 
u]wratioa3. Th'.- victory und tbe cspulsw 
of Joaeph fn>in Spain came mcwt oppor* 
tunelyj thev influenced the ncfotiatioaa at 
Prague antf (he courev of Austria. Jlw 
prince regent sent Wellington the baton of 
field marshal in return for that of Jourdan 
(■'i July); the thanks of parliament werr 
voted iiim (7 July): and tbe Spanish re- 
^ncy bestowed on him the eatnte of Soto 
d<.- Ifoiua, ni-ar Granada, rcpuivd to be aJ 
much mure value than it actually dtotcI 
(Stanhope, p. IM -. Foiin, Spain, i. SaCj. 

French gacrisiuiM had brwn left in PaMr 
plana and St. Sebastian. WellinglOB 
bl'H'knded (he former and laid siege to iha 
latter, as be nc-eded a good port. Bat iha 
truth of Vauban's saying, that prEicipilainn 
lu siecvft often irn^An.^ failure nnd alwan 
bloodshed, woe shown once more. Tbt 
batteries opened fire on 14 July, and on tbe 
25th the breaeliM w«re assoultvd. But ibe 
gun» of t lie fortreas had not been sileooed, 
tbe assault was repitlacd, and nexc day tin 
siege luid to hv i<u«peDdvd. As mm m 
Napoleon h-amt that the allies had fUMtl 
the Ebro, ho had sent oB'Souh from Iheidaa 
an hia lieuli^nant. Soull reaobeil BavoaiK 
on I J July, and reorganised th*? troops M 
the frontier od 'ibi' nrmy of Spain,' It coa* 
Mjlcd of tbn^ corp.o — KtiUus, IVKrIon'a, and 
ClaLisel's-^snd a reserve, und had a stmutk 
•if ttt^VL■n(y Thousand iiM;n. Wellington nnl 
dgbly-lwo Ibousond regulars, but one-tbiid 
wiTc Spaninrdfl, and, while blockading two 
furtj-c'sacs, bv had lifty mile* oftbu I'ytvoeci 
to guartl. 

Simlt decidtKl to relievo i'umplona fiA 
not St. SebitHiian, aa WeUiiiglon oxiiectcd 
On I'A July Ii'F.rhm forced the pass ol Maya, 
and Reille and ClitU'>el tlie pa»a of Bono**- 
vatleA. Tlie two latter, fnilowing up till 
richt of tbe allies, werp within a few miW 
of fnmplonu on the 27lh. lint IVton, wh<i 
commanded ibe right, took a po«tti<meai> 
of .Suraureu Covering I'amplnna. Welliiuloa 
rodu up und was recognised by lioth aiwib 
nnd Soiilt deferred his attack till |be Sfth. 
By that timo troopa bud uxrired from tbt 
left, and iifler very hanl fighting the nitaoh 
wa? repulsed (I,.»itru."f r, i. 30*). 




W'ellesley 



187 



Wellesley 



<ln tb« 30th Siiult, vrtio hni) bpamjoiiiM 
by D'Erion, while Welliii^on'a liivinioiiB 
hid «.Ii«o (lr»»n l'>pi?tliw, gav-) tip hin nt- 
tempt on Pamploiin nnd moTi^ olf rn hin 
right, bopiits to torn th« left of the allies 
raci nlicvo St. SchnMi&n, But Wi-Uin^n 
fell upoD the FrtncU Icfr, wbicti remainvd 
behind to cover this moTDintnt, and drovo 
it in ilisonlvr vvci ihu mouaLflm* : and Sfjult 
himwlf, ^vin^ up Uh pian, rojptitied Frciicli 
lerrilon,- wiih dilliciilty on 2 Au^. by way 
of KchJititr. In ttti^ nint! dny* fikftifiitf;, 
known &s the battles of tbi; Pyrenees, the 
Ion of the slli«8 was 7,900 ; tiist uf llio 
French vaj shoot twice u much (ZMip. 
1 and 3 Aufr.) 

The sicgt- of Ht. SfrbutiAn was renewed. 
A more powerful riegi-traiii was uwil, ari'l 
aomu Irftiiied sappers were etuplnyed fur the 
fint titDu; but tin* altack was alill unovKti^ 
matic, and th«' aaval b]o::kiitlf had iu>t Wen 
dose enough to prerent aid tvsrlirng the 
garn«on. Thr town wnxHtoriaed on 31 Xag-, 
and tJie caMlA Biinv-ndi^red nn ^pt.; but 
tbey cost the bwiegers 3,77t> men (PuurEB. 
i. SSfi-48>. On th« day of ib>> aiuuult 
Soult, preeiwd to do somelhing lo save the 

SIbcc, Mtit ftomo of his troops over the< lli- 
auoa. *Thcy were bvat bnck, 8onie of x\wm 
creo ncroas the river, in llie ututit (fiiMant 
Mjrie by llu* B^aiii^b traonti,' \N'clliii|^iin n?- 
ported; but this was taiu lu L-iicouni);-- the 
f^Mniards rather than as an accurate account 
ipf*th 3 S«pi.; cf. Qbeviuje, i. G9: and 
StAxnors, pp. 'J-2, loO). 

Wcltin^n was Pirwngly ur^ud on poli- 
tical ^lunds to inviide r rantc, imd he so 
far complied as to throw hit I«ft ncrrwA the 
BidaMoa on 7 Oct. and fore*? the French 
liack on the Nivollc. Furtb^T tbnn this he 
was not prepai'edlogo while I'nmploua belil 
out, and xiie course of tho war in ticmanr 
wu doubtful. Il»^ kuL-n* tbit ^uchut could 
bring at least thirty tbonaand men to co- 
operate wicbSuull ifbi' cliosv to dfj so; aud 
he had Uioii^bls of K<>i'iK bimwlf to (vala- 
I«>nia before undeitaKin^ any ferimis inva- 
sion of Kranf* (7)^y. K Aug. nnd 1!» Sfrpt.) 
Hp had tnmlile to keep Iii^ «wn nrmy to- 
(tether, fur the i^poniarda starved thi*ir 
troopn. ami the l*"rt»giio*e wnntcd to with- 
draw their brigadeH from the Itritidib divi- 
sionaand combine tbetn undi-r a I'ortagueM' 
eOiniiMUid*;r. Tbt^ru v/ao bitter bo»ti1itylo 
tJie Gnsluih botli at Littxin and I'adix, and 
at the Utiir place i( wasiuHained by ropnrts 
that th<-» iiiuP burnt St. S<>l)a*tiiin by ordrr, 
out i>f commprrial jenlonsy (rt. (t nnd :*;* 
Oct.) The miniftvr of wnr, O'OotioJM, wbo 

rnd tlMiV' repftrt,*, «* jwiswtitnily vinliit cd 
couditioiiB on wbtcb WeliiiigtOB bad 



aflo^mlth*! Command of tko8naniih armiM 
that he re-ii^ned that cominana on .10 Au^.. 
Ilix rmfrnntion was accijpt^by tberffRenqH 
but not by the ortt's, and the distniMal of ' 
ilii> miniiiter improved matten (lA, 6 Oct. 
and 2fi Jiin. IMU) . 

PainploDQ capitulated on 31 Oct. 1813, 
The battle of LrmciK bod decided the war in 
C'eriuaur, and \\ vlliiij.t'.iu wus now n.>ad^ | 
to invntie the soulli of Fmticw with ntntTtj 
thou^BTid m«n. lie i^ued a prodamutinn 
to tlie Frv^ncb p<-ople on 1 Nov. a««i)rin({ 
tlietu of good treatment if ihny tonk no part 
in the wnr. On thp lOlh ibe bottlfl of the 
Nivelle vm fought. The French right wosi 
very Btrongly posted in front of i$i. Jean da] 
l>ut, and \\'flliiif;;tou'g ubjeet was lo force I 
the centro and cut off tlio rieht, like MarU' 
boroueb at Hlenbeim, He did ucit succeed 
entirely; but tin; French wtiv driven from 
position!! which (hey luid brt-ii inlrpiirbin)r 
fur tlirtHs months, and which Soult believed 
tdbr- iinprejtiiiible. Tbt-yfuII bnckon HnyonnVf 
having In^I fntir tlinunnnd inen and fifty gnilK.] 

The i^pnni^h troops, nesU'ctetl by tb«ir 
own pivi-rnnn*nl,pliinilf'ri-il and ill-n.i(-d the 
Fruncb peasautTV, so VVellinuton lit'Di them 
hocU to Spftin, e\«>pl Morillo's division- 
find weather kept him innctivu for a moiiili, 
but oil tl DeL'. be foTi^i-d the j)asAii|{e uf the 
Nivu, mid pluced Tlill'ii corp:i btitwven the 
Nivv and llie Adour. Tliin ft-siriclL-d the 
French Held nf supplies and enUrKt>d his 
own. ?!oult, HiiL'inR iImi allied army divided) 
took adviintuge nf hi* rontnil piuirion nt 
IldyuniiH la aemil lirsL one part and then the 
otb^T. On tlie 10th h« nllnckiil the left 
and rentpft, bur. with no great viipinr or, 
succ^exs. lli>continuedd*>inonstratiun!!ut;Eitn4t 
tbcin cm ibn llth atid l:2t]i ; and buviTif 
drnwn the Kritiwh reserves to that side of 
the Nive, lie fell with twenty-eight thouitand 
luvn upon Hill, who hnd unly foiirl'i'n tlinu- 
Miiid. There wiis a hard-fouuht buttle at St. 
I'ii-m'on the 13tb, but HlII hfild bi^jrrouiid 
^ till i-einfon-cineiiU caiiie up (I'r.KRr, (Utm- 
jtai/itedii Mnr^~hnl Satth rn tSiS-l.',, p. 3*4). 

The iitiili! of ill" mndu nhligt"! Welliiijrton 
tofliLsjM'nd hir furllinritdvaneo till the middlA 
ofFebruury 1^1 i. By that time Napoleon 
hmi tli-Awn largely on Soult and Sucbct for 
troojjftj while Wellington, havinjf at length" 
nt'-ired luoni'V to p«y bis way, was able to 
bring sotni; of lliu ^panianls to the front 
aifain. thoiigb li« could noL cure Ibeiu of 

Eillaging. Tile French government tried, 
ut with xranil n-iiiill, tii raiMx th« pcmtnntry 
agairwt the invaders : 'the natives . . . are 
not only n^ionc ileal to the invasion, but wish 
ns iuooe«s* (/><'»/». *_*l Nov.l Sonli, not 
wiahing to be shut up in Bayonne, left a 



Wellcslcy 



188 



Wellesley 



g«ma>m of rourtmnthouMi»liiitntb«i«,atMl 
look up tlwi lint' of tba ilidouxe. W^llinR- 

loti, bv lhrt«leniiijf hU left, touxd him to 
fall \mtk, luul dn>w liim iiwiy f^iu Uayoune, 
in front of wlurli Sir Jdlin Hope fftWr IIoFB, 
JoiiK, fourth Ivuu, i>v IluptTUiJtJ rwaiftined 
withtw^ntv-oigltl tlioiiDnmlmun. (>n23Fcb. 
ITofKi 9i»nl A (livwion ikcni«i the Adour below 
the town, nnd by the '2*llli n briilgi- of \ttml» 
w«« mndc, * u itluwiulouw iimlfrtaking w Uicli 
nitift ftiwttyt rniiK amon^ tbe iinMiijpi'* of 
war' (Napieh, v'i. 91; LABrKST, ii. US). 
Thi- wiilthof tlie river wa« nearly three liiiti- 
dred yani.t, and the riie of tide- foiirtiwn feci. 
BavonnB vros thi-n invtssttxl oil all sides. 

MMiiiwhibt ^70ult tind rall«n buck buhind 
tlie Gari' do Pun, and cunL'i'titnitod hu troope 
■t Ortliws, whvrv Iw w;i» iti.iitckwl on the 
2rth by Wellington, wh<i had passt-d ihii 
Btreum lower dnwn wilh thi- bulk nf hi* 
IroojM. There vmre nearly forty thnu&and 
mcjM nil fftcti Hide, and the battie was obntt- 
nale. \Vi-llinf(ton wn» liimwlf Mruck by a 
bullet ubovi' tUu lUigU— hiH only woundi and 
not a hKrioiis one. Thti I'V-neh were at 
U-nRth drivL-fi fnim thi'ir iinsition, and as 
Hill, who liad bt^n nti iho W(t bank, had by 
tluit tjme fi>r<*i-d a pa»sif;i; above Orthtn<, 
SouU wim obligrd to ri'tn-nt uorlUward, 
I[i« rplrpat sfKiii hocjime u fliRbt, in wbirh hu 
lost Iboiteandt) of M rng^tlt^m, and he hmt tu 
abandon Kf ningnxiui'A. After crORsinji; tbe 
Adour htt marirhed up lbt> right bank, oiid 
hoped to deter Wellingl.i.in fnim rno>iiigoii 
Bord^-oux orTonloiise, But Wellington sent 
BercitfordtoHordfaiiii with twwlvn thoiwnnd 
men ; r.h(! Hue d'AnponU'inii ttnU'red the 
city, and I.oiiIh XVIII wasproclainiBd theiv. 
Wclliuffton rtfiiBcd, howovcr, to id^tntify 
liimst-li with a Hourbmi restoration, as the 
alli.'S Were at that traie nnjrotiating with 
Nupolfion ilM'}'. 7 and 10 Miirt-'h), 

Wcllinf^ton remniiirtd nn the defenaiveat 
Aire till ha wan rt'joinf.'d by lliznvfurd und 
by other tn«ip«, brinRin^' ii]i hi* nuiiilierit l-o 
forty-six thiiusnni] men. On 17 Marcli l?14he 
advanced uponSoult.wh-ilim! I."frii thn-uti-n- 
ing him, hut wlio now rutn-alPil rapidiv by 
Tarbea ou Tonlouw?. He was ptvparcn tu 
defend that city when Wellington, who fol- 
lowed morn slowly, arriviid thereon the :i>5tb. 
A* lhr> oiiiiitry to tite aoulh proved impnsN- 
llhle. Welliiif^ton crossed thu OBninni; below 
Toiilouw. and inadi^ hi* allack frmu ibe 
nnnh ami caet; though ibe Canal dn Midi 
formed a line of defence on thwu* ■idea, und 
on the eftjif, bi-yoiid the ranal, thphoiirlite of 
CBlvinet hod been intrenched. In nuiuU'r" 
Soult waa inferior by ten thousand nion,biit 
his wnrk» and bis central position more than 
madt! up for llii«. 



XI h 
ttvt 
«o. 

rho 

t'ncli 

m 

■hut ' 

■M 



Had weath«rdeUyect the battle till 10 ApriL 

While Hill threatened the St. Cyprieoaubi 
on the left bank, and two divimon^ on 
north ihnMviwd the po«t« on I be canaE, 
re«l attack wu mftdeby the fourth and sixth 
divisiona upon the heights of Cslviuet, aftaf 
a haJUtnloiiM flank mareh nudt<r fire. _Ma- 
rillo'H SpBnianlaco-o|K!rated with them. The 
heif^hts were nt lengtli taken, and lb« Fn-nci 
fell back behind the canal, thougli t 
loss was only two-thirda of that of the all: 
which waa 4,600 men. On the nifbt of 
lllh Soult. fearing that he would be shut 
in, left Toulouae and marched towards Car* 
cajwmne (CiiouMAiu, Omndiratioru 
lainui, ^.) Next day news reached 
lingion of Xapoleoo's abdication, and • 
ventionwasaignedonlH April I'^Mby wl 
hofttititit-A ceased. 

A\'eIlinKton was summoned to Ptiis to 
ronfer wit li t be allied sovereigns about 8fm. 
On 10 May be set out for Madrid, totmoolli 
mailers betwe«nthe restored IiLingFerdiunJ 
and his subjects. I U: left Madrid on S Juof. 
having effected little ; isAued a farewfll 
order to hin unny at Bordotux on th<- Itdi, 
and landi^l in Knglaiid on th« -3rd. IBi 
jnnmi'y from Dr»ver to London wua trifla- 

fibal pntprMs. ind hi* carriagi? win drsvn 
}y the pertplp from WestrainMer Bridge ta 
his bouse iu Hamilton I'Ince. Fnrah hwnoun 
now fell thick tipftn him. H#i waa m-al(d 
[■MAn|iU9of Douro and Duke of Wellinglta 
I on :) .May. An annuity of IS.OOTU, nr la 
lieu of it a sam of 400,000/. for tJto purrlu" 
of estates, waa Toted by parliament, in oddi- 
rioii to former grantu, on IS May. Iltf 
thanks of yarliament had alreadv been voted 
fiir Si. Sebastian (f* Nov.) and' for Ordwi 
(24 Manh). On :.'8 June the duke took iat 
sent in llit> Hoium- of I.orila, and n-cvived the 
thanks of that house and of the Houn of 
Commons:. ( In I July he madi- his acfcnow* 
ledginpnti? for the latter in penmn, tJiepn> 
cedure tnllowing closely that which had bMB 
adopted in the oase of Hchomberg a renttttr 
imd a (juarter before. The speaker remaHMl 
in his reply that the nation 'owe* lo jtiu 
the proud vritttfactiun thai, ninidet th«oo»- 
Htetlntiou of ^irent and inustnoiia wanion 
who have recentlv visited our countrt*, vre 
ruuld pn-M<nt to t1iem a leader of our owa, 
tn whom nil, hy common acclamation, md- 
ceded the pri'-K-ininenc^ ' i-fpffMee, i. W). 
(In the 7th he took part in the ihanksjpriiif 
service at St. raiil's, bearing the swofd « 
stnt*-, and on the flth he wa.-* entertain*-d by 
the ci'y, which four years before had •i'- 
manded an iiiouiry inio his conduct. The 
orders of Mann Theresa of AustTit, St. 
(leorgeof Hiissin.the Black Eagla of I'ruisift, 




Wellcslcy 



189 



Wellcslcy 



and ibe Sword of Sweden weru conftimHl on 
lum. 

On 5 July 'WpIIinpon wiut npjiKiiited am- 
banador si- Paris — astraTisp clioice. I_ln liix 
war ihfre he Msminecl thi* (lfif<nn'e» of (lio 
2si-tlii-rlaii<ii!; he recom mended tiie rvsi-ira- 
tioo of Ihe barrier t'ortrawes, and oppowd 
t)it^> dceiractioa of ibo work* at AniwiTv 
wliiHi lb« llritiah ^vemuK-'nt coolemplatod 
{Detp, '2'2 Si>|pt.) Ainou^; tbu tiisld p'j«iti<ju» 
which be indirat<*il iii bin ri-porL was tbal of 
M'aU'rl(K), snd a spucial enrvi^y wne madci "f 
it. He arrived si Piirinon i!'i Aiig-t '"'b'^ri- 
tbc Loii»* of Prince*.=i norgliew, still rbe 
BriiUh embassy, had bcon bought for him. 
Hi:) chief businpfs an ninhsj^ador wu to 
nvgotiatv for Iliu ^uppres^ioji of (he slave 
Ijmde, which waw thfn bcin^ urged in Eng- 
Und 'with all th^ i^arnvHtiieSM, not Kj say 
vigb'iici.-, with udiich we ara sccuiitom»d Lo 
urge such obj«ctB, wilbout consideration for 
th« JprejudictM and fccltngx of ntlifn ' ( Druf/. 
IS Oct.) 

Some of the French mHrshnJs eh owed 
much irritation at hi^ ajvpoinrmont, niid. oft 
th« fftiDcnU diiiconlent iu Paris iiicreased, the 
Ilritub ^ovtmmfnl bccatne alnrmtd forhim. 
Tli«y pruposi-d, tluirefore, 10 send biro to 
North America, to T«pblC« Sir George Pre vo«1 
(17«t7-18]7)rq.v.l. who bud failed lit Plalte- 
bur|[> Hi> nrplii^d, ' Villi cmiiinF ill thin mo- 
mvnt a]lnn- tiki trr i^uit Kuni]M!/ mid added 
thftt U> withdraw bim from I*iiri« in a hurry 
would do Iinrm, 'alt lKiiif(b I fiiti-rtiiiiia litniitif 
Opinion tliat I tnnH not he lost " (Huj'jil. Dftp. 
7 Sox.) Itwfwihenammijt'd llmtH«Cwil.l»- 
roigbmuBtr&tiimtoKiifrland for ibe session, 
WvUio^oii dboiiid iftk«' lii-i plnceat Vienna. 
This he did on \o F«b, Ih1.-), Th: main 
biuiaoM of thci cvntfr^^A') was over; but hiii 
prrjenoe there Mid hi^ obK-nce from Paris 
were sliko opportune wiiua Nupol-.'on rv- 
tomt^I. Thv iittw* thai be had It-ft Klhn 
rMwhed Vifniia on 7 March. WeUingtou 
«t tir»t thought hi>> cnteriiriM- ivouM fail, 
but wa« none the Ichh for prompt and vijro- 
roiis meiwiirwi in support if Loiii* X\ Mt, 
On the lath ho idpnt-d the di'clanvtion of llm 
po wen. that Napoli;i>n had 'placed hlmtelf 
outside civil and social rt-lntions, and handed 
himmlf 0%-vr to public juslicv, m the i-neiuy 
and dtMurbirr of ihi? peace of tlm world,' and 
on the 2Sth he alprnjd a trwjty, biucd upon 
that of Ciiniimont (1 March 1^14), for th<! 
Combinf^ aclinn nf th« four great powers, 
each contribiilinf; l'V),[)0O men {Dwp, 
14 iind '27 Mftrch). Th*- Hriliah irovi'rnmpnt 
rntjfied the treaty, though it had not ihouirhc 
at first of poinp so far, 

Afi'T Hignin^f il, VVutlinjiton net out for 
BruM^Js, and on bia arrival there, on 4 April, 



reccired hie commtAnon (dated '2S March) M 
commander of the British and Ilanoveiian. 
forcee on the continent. He at once con- 
cvrti-d uiea»uroi> with the LVuMians al AJ\ 
la Obni>eUe for the aeciiriiv of llruftseln, and 
hi- SL-ni to Viunua a plan for ihu invo&iun of 
Kraiicit which he Iiojh-kI In m-i- liikeii in bund 
at the beginninjT of May {I>f«ji. lO sod 

13 April). Eul It soon became clear that 
the Austrian^ and Kuwtiane would not be 
ready till July. In Mav the command of 
the Notbrrtaiid troops wa« civun to him, 
with tilt! rank of Deld-murelial. ily th« 
middle of June bis urniv bad ^ruwn to 
106,000 uuii, uf whii'b ouD-thinl worn 
HriliNh, the rei^t being Dulch-Ilulgiaua or 
Germans. Moat of i be troops wans raw and 
many liiLlf-ln-^irtMti. Hi* ' S])nnish infantry,' 
OA hi' rallc-d the n'gimenta which had serrnd 
in tb« PeiiiniiuiR, hnd been sent for the ma«t 
part to America. He organ iM-dthf infantry 
in three corps: two were under the Prince 
of Oranp;*! and JjOrd Hill ; tli* third, or n- 
mtvn, hi) Kept in bia own hands. To each 
corps two llriliah divisions were nssigoed, 
and each uf thctui divisiniia included n 
Ilnnoreriati bri^fado, except the gunrda. 
Instead uf heing left free to cboosu his own 
stall, liii liiiiiid bimtffir ' ovKrlooclDd with 
ppoplfi [ hara never seen before' {iiuppl. 
i>M/'. 4 May ; Deep. H May and SS J 111111). 

Th« l*ruM>iftn nrmy nnder IHiichcr, I I7,()0l) 
strong, wa-i echeloned on the Sambt« and 
Meuae, from Chsrleroi t<i Lisu-e. Itx bus" 
was Cologne, while ihn Brili4h haB-* wob 
Antwerp, so tliat the line* of eommimica- 
tion diverged. At & conference on :i Mayat 
TiilumuEit, Dliiehvraiid Weilington seem to 
have arranged that, in case Xapolcon ehoulcL 
aim st HepaniliuH th>_< two iiruic» by an ud- 
vHiH'f thniii((h riiarlr-roi, they should con- 
rfnlratenparLignyiindGo&§eliean.'apectivf]y 
(MuPin.lN'fs, p. -';j'i), IVellinfjLcin thought 
it raore likely chat Napoleon would try lo 
turn his riKlit, to rut. hio coinmunicntiun 
with England and Holland, and get postes- 
*ion of (.tlient and )lnis*>^l8. For this reason 
the cantonments of biis tinit and ttecond corps 
wt-re epn^'ud over forty roiled, lo tht' west of 
ihu Oharleroi-BruKsels ruad, while the re- 
serre was kept at Bruweln [Suf^il. Df^. x. 
IM 3 31, n-ply to I'laiiwwitx w ritlKii In 1S42). 
But, in ?pite of rumours, be did not cspect 
an immediate atluek.und wrot)>, ' I thintt we 
ftre now too strong for him' {Ifrtp. I^Juneh 

Napoleoiti had Hs^etnbled on the frontier 
an army of ll's.tNXf men, cxpc-llent troops, 
thou^fh hastily organised. He joined it oil 

14 June, and next morning, at duvbn-ak, at- 
tacked iIr* PriLfriinu outposts ui 'fliuin. near 
Charleroi. The news reached Wtilliugtonat 




BnuMla »t S KH^ and h« mot off oid«r» for 
hia tnmps to b« in mdlneM to move. At 
10 F.M. — ^wben rvporta from Hoos lud nli*- 
flcd him that the Attack 'wu tiot n fi-iiil. — htt 
diTvcXvd tbem Ml Niv«llm atul Qiistm Bras 
(i*o7;. 15 June, and MiifTUSO, p. 2301. Tin 
Hum w»Dt to tliL' DuidiMi of KicluDoad'* 
bull Lo allar auXKtr (Me FkurB, 7'A<f il'iirirr- 
/«v Sail, \t^ ; this famoua ^atrrtaiamotil 
was hirld, not in iha Hot«I iii> VilU, lui 
Hynin'ii well-kttowB lineo would impW, but 
in B cciarli-mnltor'B d«pot in tbL< Ku«- d<? In 
}llnacbU)i<>rii'). A bngad« of Perponeber's 
l>utcti division nua eoffseed tbat ev«iiinR 
near (jualrc- Bras, but bidd it<» trf^-viind, and 
wtut Ffiufurced bv the olber bri^de b«fure 
tuomin);^. 

WullingtOQ rcftcbod Quatro Bnw ^»ut 
10 A.M. un the IBib, and. Mseinc liltb* of tbe 
enmnr roAa orer to Bfyr, irlioru bo met 
Hlijcovr at 1 P.M. Tliran IVuMiiaa oarp)i, 
eifrhty-iwo rhnuaand men, were drawn up 
beliiod tb« l>i(:;Dy brw>k, in a po»iUoii wliioli 
made Wellington mm ihtij wnald be 
' damnably mauled ' (Stax hwpe, p. 109). Un 
did not bidi' lui* opinion, but be promia«d 
that lii% would bring bis troops to ttieir sup- 

Crt if he were not ottuckt^ bim^clf. lift 
d sent a not^t to Rliicbur ut 10.30 ^u., 
■itulin^ (TcRvnillv llie aitualion of his troops 
at lUat time. The atateinent)^ were iut;xaei, 
for bia ataff wero oT«r aan^uiiie in tbeir 
calcuIatioikH ; but there ifl nothing to show 
that tbe; iQfluoni.>Dd Uliichtirii dt.'cifiiou to 
accvpt battlif, or li^l biiu to connt on a^flinl- 
ance. much Intui that ihfv vrere delib«mtely 
mielendiuj;, us Vr. Hnns Tiplbriick linn alleged 
(Macbicb, p. 2.17; Oi.uKrii.p. li''»l. 

On hia return to tjuntre Bras W.-Iltnglon 
found that th^ troopii tlii-rt^badbucn attacked 
by Nty, wiiti about i-igbtt;t-u thousand men, 
at 2 P.M. Tbov were boinp ovfrpowered 
wbtn I'icion'it divlaiou arrivtjd, followed by 
th" Brunswick mid Nassau Lroopa. Inspit« 
of hrilliatLt cliarps by the Frencb cavalrj', 
in an<; of which Wellington nairowly e*. 
caped caplure, Quntre Bma was held, and 
by evening Nev wa* cmtniimbrniil iind 
forcod bscx. B'Krlon'a corps, which had 
boon allotted to liim, wan afterwards diverted 
towanls I'igny, and tbm. on hix ur^ronr 
8iimmon«, loarcUui] back to join him. It took 
no part, in either action, but novL'rthel^.'is 
SVelUiiRtoQ could claim that bu bad r«'Uetred 
bis n!ly uf mu— third of th« French amy. 
He Innt nearly Btu thouaund men. 

N'ext morning lii* It^rnl that t1iM ['ruKKin.ni* 
had been beaten and h(vd retreated on Wavre, 
and h» fell back to the position in front of 
Waterloo which be had caiii^'d to he nnr- 
vayed in L8H. Except for a cavalry skir- 



misb, bis retreat was untnd«8t«d ; but it < 

mnde under h««vT rain, wMch lasted 
night. He liad Kent word Xo Dlucbetlbtt 
hr would h(^d tu4 poftition if he cauld eoiut 
upon tl»e auppori of one or two Pntsnis 
corps, and in th« night of th«v 17lli be n- 
wivud a Tvy\\ promijunfr two corpe and 
perhapamore. lie iiiuid t(>hnTf>ni<ti<i<iii>-' 
lung iifterwanU that he himftelf rodr- ' ' - 

I Wnvntthnt night nndmw Blu^he^(.^l n > i i 
p. S3S). The l^riuaian commander wn~ > r 
»«Tenty, and bad b«en badly brnivnl ■' 

j I'i^ny, but hi« energy- was unab«t«d: be 

' wn>t« next morning that, ill as he wa«, be 
should put himself at the head of his tnops. 
to att«ck the right wing of ibv enemr u 

I soon as Napoleon should attHin|tt anylJiiajf 

Sainat lJ]« dttku. Tliis letter was ta 
itflltRg, the l^naiian r«pr<]Br'ntBtii'e at tbe 
I Bitgliflli bMidqiuTterB ; and CinAlvnan, tfa? 
, rfiivf of the staff (who had pn-viouEly warmJ 
' Muffling that Wellington iurptui««^ rtidins 
! nabobs in duplicity), udded a |>o»lscripI 
hogging him to And ooi whether Well ingtrni 
really moant to fight, as his n.'tr<.-aL would 
pitce tlio Pruisisn army in the greatest dsji- 
ger((Jl4.BCU, pp. 187-0; Muftuxw, p. 2U'(. 
Wellington believed that onlv onf. vur^'- 
iiutfiad of two liad been detached undrr 
Grouchy to follow lb» ]*ru)wian0, and tiisi 
he had all tlie rest of the Fn>nrb army 
bvforu bim i^Deip. 19 Jtuiei; iKit bu ws* 
litill so anxious lest his right should b* 
turned that be kept nearly flftenn thouaud 
men, iiu^litdlD|; nn« British brigade of I'vo 
thousand funr hundr>ed men, at Hal and 
Tnliirj:-, fight miles to the west. Hereckoiwd 
on early help from the tVusaiaiutto eitsUe 
faim to boldhis ground, nnd hehadnoRawa 
to suppose that Napoleon was unawari! of 
their posiiioa or would dUreifaid it. 11? 
always nft<'n4-nrd8 mnintnined that Xnp<ib«n 
shouldh»ve turned hii< right iu^U'adnf taktnit 
the hull by the horns (.MAt-RH-p., p. 539; 
GBHTiLLB.'i. 39). Reille, from larp' ex- 

ferieno! in S|injn, wnmi-^l the empwror tbsl 
jiglish troops in a good ponition were *iil- 
■'Xpti^inbli!>' by front nttnek, and adTiaed 
him Irt maiirBUTFt^' ; but Napoleon wa* in- 
credulous fSfiouw, MHaiff'^*, I". 273). Hii 
only fi>ar was that Wellinaion would rfiir*. 
and il wa.4 with equal sotisfnction that ih« 
TWO commanders aaw on tb<i morning of 
Hundar, IB June, that dm itsue was toka 
aettlecTun that ground. Wellington wt)nU 
not allow OiP front of his po.^ition t^j U? in- 
trt^nohed Inst he should deter Napoleon Gros 
dirert attack, and tJ)F> liitt«r siitish^ him'tf 
that there were no intreuchmeots before be 
issued hia orders (roRrE:B, i. 'JSi ; Chabru, 
P.W7). 




Weltesley 



Welleslfey 



Nmpolenii bad on the field icvuiity-lwo 
thoiuandmcn. of which firti'cn thotuuLnd wer« 
cavftlry, with 'J1C> k"""; WellioM^u lixl 
luxtv-ei^bt ihoiii^and, of which I wcItc tbou- 
•and wvn* csvalrj, witli 156 {ttiu#. Of 
Itritiitli infantry {nni mcliiiiliRg the kiojt'A 
Genuan Iwrioa) t liens were few«r than tif- 
tM>n thiMiWLcid, Till! iKMition t«kpti up ^-na 
t-wo miks math of Wnterloo. nod t-xtendod n 
milt) to th« right »nd a dilIp to tliw Ii>(l of ) In- 
Oharleroi roaJl. A rid^, nincig which ran 
tbecrow ro«d to Wavre, formwl it» frt>ni. 
And (r»v« KVIl«r 1o the roser^-M, The rip-hc 
wn^ thrown back at arigbtaugle to uravine 
near Mirtw Braine. Thi'chalenuof llouj^oti- 
mont, th<- farm of I^ llnvi' .Sninttr, nml thi- 
fmnati of IVpelotte and Lii Hu_v« vif.rv hold 
u advan«>d po^tM, in front of the rijfht cuntrv, 
Infl nenttv, Biid Wt rwprclivcly. In froiil. 
of tlie ri^lit there was a diviaion at Itraino 
I'AUeud. The )!<■<»< wsru on thv rid^. Tim 
undnr was m^iinlr on llic rcTi^r».> Mope, 
belundtbe centre, and waa •.■ntirely in the 
handfl of Lord llxVidgc [*w 1'*oet,'ITexbt 
VVlLtUX, fintt MlllQLlSOl' ASGI-ESEj]. 

Attvi hutf an hour's cannonadt- the batlU' 
began ul noon by an uttui'k on Kon^'oumont 
br Ktrille'* coq»>. The w«k1 was ia)<r!a,btil 
ihf huildineK werE' h"ld throughout thoday. 
At l.-K) l> Krh)])'i> corp« Hitvitncml a^ninxl 
the left, but, repulsed by Picton, and chaiyi^d 
by Potijonby's heavj- cavalry, it was driven 
bkck in dliwinli^r, with n Ions of liv" thou- 
und men. rmm -1 to B r.v. tb<> French 
cavalrr, to tbo number of twelve IhouKsnd, 
wore tneniMlTM out in r«peal^ but fruit- 
less €lmiye« on the aqnares of the centre. 
At tbo «nd of Mx hours' Hf^htinf; the French 
had g^ned no Ktrioux udratitn^<-, and thi*ir 
reservcA had been largely dranvn nnon. Na- 
pok-ou had bi.-oomo awarr: at l.-il> ul' thu 
iqiproach of the IVuifiiann. He tboii|,(l)t for 
a mout-nt of changing bis plan, and turninf; 
Wcllinglon'M Hiriit. by thn Nivi-lh; mnd ; but 
be waa otiwilliD^ M increaMi hia diiitanrn 
iVom Omuchy, nncl he xent I/nbau with ten 
UuiUitand men to thi^ ^K''^ ^* '"'^'P ^^"' 
i'ruMiaas in check. Their leading corps 
(Biilnw'fl) had b«cn told to halt D.t St. Lam- 
bert * till Uie enemy'ri intentions were quite 
clear' (Oti-ECii, p. 192), and it was not till 
4.90 that it bi*f^in tu pnuut livnvily on Lobau. 
IJefore six the lalter had lo \m reinforced by 
seven thousand men of the i^nrd. 

About, ibat Umf La Hiiye Sointv wa" 
lAkrn, the garrison havini; exhausted its am- 
munition, which wim> of special pattern (Oh^ 
T^DA, .VfTDMi'm, p.;Mftt; HorHHJiTiTt p. .170; 
KEJTMiuy, p. I'l-J). This ffiLVe the I^ench a 
footing close to thv main Imc, and tbc tire of 
thur fpiiu ind akirmidben yraa ao destruettve 



timl sonw of the sijunres broke, and there 
TTan a f^p in th<- left centn'. CaptAin i^liaw 
^sAerwards Sir James Sliaw lieiinedv). who 
brought thi« aturtling news to Weltinfflon, 
wajj struck by the coolings with which he 
reci>ived it and the precisioii of his n^ply. 
Wellin^lon htrnM-lf led forward tliu Bruns- 
wick tmops to fill the gap, am! orderfd up 
thi! Nassau troops. The latter fired on him, 
wlii-n bt* Iriwl lo rally tlieai •hortiv after- 
wards : ' in fact,' he said, ' there was .-wi miieh 
niiiib»thaviour tinvt it was only through Ood's 
mercT that we won the battlw' (Poiircn, i. 
3SL';'Ki;X?-Ei)T, p. li!d>. 

But it wa« not afoinst this weakened part 
of the line that Napoleon d)ivRtt*d th<! im- 
periuL ffuard when he made Itia last Ind for 
victorv, ubuut 7.-iO; bul against Mnitland's 
hriitade of guards, which wim mim- to the 
rij^ht. The avL-ounIs diff-r widely, but there 
KiiinuK lo havn bctfU a. tinat iLftxrk by two 
battalions Cercnadiers}, which was repulaed 
br Mnitland s brigsdv, and a second attack 
bv four others (chasseurs), of whifh the two 
leadins" battalions were taken in Hank by 
Adam's brlfj^ade and driven ucroM the Obar- 
l«roi road, white the r«cir battalions mirt-d 
in f;ood order. Those attacks were part of 
a f^'Ueral ullbrt against thu whole position, 
which cnnio to im eml with their failure 
(KiLVKnDi.p.l41 : JVatcrho J>ttfrii,yp.ii7S, 
309; LEaKE^Sl^nJiiryiw/if.i.^a; CUABIUH, 
p. •Jfl.'i; llonsAATB, p. awo). 

WetUu^ou was behind Maitland'a brigada 
during' tbi> criHiK, llioiEf^li there is tio good 
authority for ' Tp iruard* and nt them.' Tie 
now wnlen^il I be whole line to advance, sent 
forward t}i« light cavalry, and joining tho 
o:.'nd,tbe leading battalion of Ailam'sbrigadv, 
prr^sied it on agninst such troops as tried to 
uiafao a stand. Uy lbi« time Billow's aud 
Pirch's corps were foreiu^ the French out 
of PI an 1-1 1 en oil ; Bliiuber with Ziulheu's corps 
bail joined Wellington'.* left, and r«-ovftred 
Paiielotle uiid La Ilaye. Tho French army 
ilixMilvi'd, und bi-forv nine Xupoleon left thi^ 
tield. ltliiebermi>t Widlington on iht^Cliar- 
leroi mud, and it wits arranged that the 
PriLiaians pbnnid undtTtaka the pursuit. 
Their meeting place was not La B«'lli; Al- 
liancL', BCCordinR to Wellington (ft'«/</i/./fcj;p. 
X. ^KIS; lUiiiEiis, p, 2i'2), and be did not 
accept the Prue>tiiansiif(gesl ion that th(il>al tio 
should WtLT that lumn iMtrci.iMi, p. ^'il). 
Hm was uol inclined tr^ :nagnifvthe 1 rUHian 
nbare in the victory, though he did juatioes to 
it. Tiieir lo!:s. niwrly seven tbouBaud men, 
shows hnw aub<itantial that Abate was. The 
loss of Wellintrton's army wae fifteen thou- 
MTid ; tbnr of th'.' French has been reckoned 
Rt over thirty cboiuandj with two hun^d 



Wellesley 



t*)! 



W'cllcsrey 



•;fnu (Cr&kus. p. sin). Wellin^oa him- 
■elf wu aniottcb^, but ta<M cf bit sufP w-vn 
hit. He wrote tiirxt iltT: ' The loaaes I hare 
sustained hmw quitv broken me down, v>d 1 
ItKv-it no feeling for thp wlnnUirc* we hare 
aor)<iin>d.' Tbe tears rmn down his cheeks as 
bi* li«)<-nt7d til the i>urg«ODs nport (LaTMOII 
RKowicr^ p. IIT). 

The two allied armies croMed the Frencli 
frontier on tbo 2l><t. uid marched on Pari*. 
TheT left detmchraeuts to deal with ibe for- 
llTMBM on the ^nlicr. (!Xf«pt Cambrai and 
1 F^ronne, which wi^re taktrii \>y assaull- Na- 
poleon had tried o iralher tosutbfrra fresb 
army at t^aon, but WVIlin^nn's opinion waA 
' that h>^ can makM no lii>ad n|puii<it lit, ijii'il 
n'a^u'Jt sependre' {Ttffp. ^^ June). In wt, 
havinf; returned to I'nri* on tbu 21 et, he 
found himwlf dritvn to aUIical^ noxt day 
[in favour of bi» son, and on the S5th be 
r«tir<-d 10 >rfelmaix^n. Afl«r a ruin otfWr to 
lead the French once more ain><i^t the rathur 
acfittered ^on^■s of thi- allic><i, b*^ ael out on 
ihc 20th for KiKhe&>rt. Hia axt-ciitivocom- 
miaaiua appointed by the chamber* uMiit 
unvoTH Lo aifk for un armistice, but WMlinpr- 
lon and Bliiclier n^ftiio^ to atmnend their 
l^advance. The PnipaianB pushed on mnrv 
luicklylhnn th« Rrili«h, but by thi* end of 
month Iwith nrmiea were before Pariii, 
ba Pni«»inn« "n tli-? sowth-we«t, the British 
on the north. Tlliichir wishM to »torm the 
city, but Wellinjrtnn dissuBd^'d him, for there 
w.'rn wvi-ntv tJifniiHnil French tmr)ps in it 
UTnipT navr>iit, and there would hare been 
much not-dlp"!! bloo'Ii'lu'rl. On H JiiIta con- 
vention was ronci tided by which ihc French 
army r<>tired behind the Lnire. The l*rot«iaii« 
occupied PAriA,and rwenty tlioiinand Qritiah 
troopn encamped in Ch'> Itoiit d" Doulovno. 
Thii restoration of the Roiirhono. about which 
the nlliwi wi^re far from unanimous, »c«med 
to WellinpTon to ofliT the only liopii of n 
nermnnenl settlement, and liv acted with 
Fonflhf , who hrouffht it about ( Iterp. H July 
and •Jf^ Seiit.) l.ouif Will, who by his 
ttdvioii had followed the British army. rt*. 
••ntered Paris oil iho Sth. Tliu allipd sove- 
reign* arrived two days nfterwardi>, and 
nr£p-iti«tio«jt wcri) bcjrun, in which firest 
Britain was n'prewnted bv CiuttK'n^ai;h and 
Wellindton. 

Several difTfretio^ of oriinitin had rxKUrred 
liMwt^-n ^Vollinpton and his impetnona col- 
l"UKii.- Rliielier, niui w.-w hnudM by the 
former with u happv mixture of til.renffth 
•nd suavity. RliichVr wanted to pet No- 
P!''""" '"'" liifl hjindp.and meant to olioot 
J»in on the .*,„,t wii.-n^ tin:. Hue crEnRliien 
jw't hofm shot. Wellington in.Hi.it.>d thai 
rtapoieun mi«t b« di»po.ud of by common i 



aocMvl. and added, with what GneiMnau 
termed 'thvatrical mai^iininily,' tUeL boili 
Blijeher and him*elf had pIsrM tt>o diittia* 
0uii>hed parts in thoaetrauKadiutistobecomo 
exe^iltionera {Iir»jt. :JS Jnnrt ; MrrftlKS. 

fi. 275). He alao interfered in prvveut ibr 
i-vvinpof a beavv onntribiition on tin- city 
of Paris and the rlestnielion of the I*ont it 
JAna; in the latter caw he pnnlcid Enrli| 
seDlri«A on th« bridf^e (nBKvtLLB, i. i\}. ^ 
When Ney wa« brought to trial in N<^ 
vember, be claimed Wellinf^on's intenva- 
tioD under tb» twelfth article of the cov 
Tcntion of UJuly, which provided that aa 
one should be inierfervd with on occr-imi 
of hia paat poaition, condtict, or upininni. 
WelUn^n ahowed in hia reply that ttif 
arttcltf wax not, and iroiild not be, intemleil 
to prevent a French grnvemmenc acting oa it 
might think (it, but only to prevent uea«um 
of severity under the mititarr authority <i 
those who si^ed the coaveniton. Accord- 
infily he did not lake, and the Ilrili»h aniUf 
Bador was forbidden lo take, any oHicial hum 
to aave Ney : but W'elliufrtan did all he could 
for him privataly (F&^ser, p. 12S), 

In thedlicuMion of the lr>rmii to iw im- 
pojifd on France, Wellington argrunl ^f- 
j cibly Hffnintt nnv «■<) no ide ruble CcMion of 
French territory, such aa the P*o.wi»ii.' 
' aimnd nt, and in favour of an occuj»tiiin 
fof a term of years { /Je*;i. 1 1 and 31 AO]f.)^ 
The I^mperor Alexander ahare<l bis Tie 
and tlwy prevailed. The HN3ond ttraly i 
Paris, si^niKl on '20 Nov., made only : 
nItr>ralionR of Grontier, but provided Ihatu^ 
array not exoc«din(r a hundred and ftfty 
thousand men should occupy the >iufthf«»t 
depArlmcnt.«at lhoco«t of Fratuxfora t«rm 
of three, or if neoe«4«nr five, yuan. It im- 
noicd en indemnity of seven hiindr«) nit- 
lion frauc*(, of wliich ono-fburtb was (o b« 
apcnt on the frontier fortresjie* ofi.be n*i|tlH 
liouring Btatev. This waa to be in ndditi'W 
to the paym<>nt of individual claims affnmt 
the Kp-neb tfonTDmeni, pmvtdMl forraUw 
treaty of IH14. tn the Cjue of the Nellw>T> 
binds fortresseA the work."* wt^- carried inii 
umitT W<-ninf[ton's direction, lie wasap- 
poinled on 22 (Vl. to command the army of 
iici.'u)uition, which coasi5t<>d of five eqiitl 
continjrents fiimi»h..-d by England, iCniaa. 
.\uiiiTia, Prussia, and the minor .-itata of 
fiermuny. 

Five days after th« battle of Wnier?!^ 
parlianii-nl had noased a vot« of thanks i' 
Vellington, nad made bttn an additi^>nil. 
Kiant of 200.000/. At hia suggvslion 
Wftierioo medal wa« (nven, not onlv to tli 
hiRhor olHcetB, but to nil ranks alike^a " 
unproccdeutcd (/>N7i.28 June and 17! 




Wellesley 



J93 



Wellesley 



Zxmdan OoMttr, 23 April )81B). More than 
thirty yean afterwards a tnednl wils simi- 
larly granted to all who had lalten part in 
Cftriier baUlM and sicffpa from E$^vpt to 
Tnuloiite (lionii. Uas. 1 Juuc? iM? soil 
12 Fob. 1650). The king of the Nt-therUnds 
creat«<l Wi.'lliuf{ioii I'riDce of Wuturloo, 
irith U) e&Ut4^ which muilf him oiiia nf lh« 
lUKWl Uaduwrnire in Ik'lKium tHiAKuu^r, 
fk SB4>. IjOmH WlllollV-ri'd him lh«<»tal« 
of Onwhoie, but suleticutodtht! nnliT of tlii; 
SunUEnpril wl in diunionds iCkokkr, i. 
38Sj Stajihiiph. p. 2M). Many other for«i|;n 
orders were coatuiredon him (lJoTLt:,0/fIcia/ 
SarviHajfr). 

Thv troops of ih« army of occupation tuolc. 
up their rantonmealA in January 181(5, and 
WcUioKton Ssim] bin hi>iidiiii]irt(.'n^ at Catn- 
brai. Ffe ttntertainnd Inrgrlr, an<l ki'pi a 
pAck uf hininds which ha huntod regularly, 
a* bit had durn in S|i«iii. 11*^ inuiiitaincii 
Strict diaciplin^, but inHixtHl nn rfpArnTion 
if thti Fiwnch were Bgxrrosors. lie went to 
England in thf •tuminor of 18)6, and ngiiJii 
ID 1^17, bt^iue pr«-M'ul at the opeiiing of 
Waterloo Briilgi* on 18 Juni". In October 
1817, at ihv TKquQSt of tho Einptiror Alux* 
ftndrr. he consented to act an rufen* fyr tbi- 
Mttlemviit of tho claima against. th« Fn^nch 
EOVemiuent, ntid niiecrHlnu in n-ducin^; tbviii 
by ihriHV-ftumliH {SuppL Dm}). 30 Oct. and 
30 April 1818), UiB share in the rehtora- 
tlon nf works of ai-l tn thi.< coiintrif* from 
wbicli ibfv had bef<n laken had givm gD'at 
ofTenof in Pnrifi, and he iiicnrred the aiii- 
mcMity of demn^ralA anil rr'ACtinnaric^ alike, 
On 9o Jnne Ii^l6 an att«mpl was made to 
art fire to hi» house in the Hul> Chantps- 
Elyatea, where be wa« ((ivinfiC a bntl ; and on 
10 Feb. I8l8 a shot weh fired at. him a± he 
drove into rhe courlyurd at uijrbt. Cuu- 
tUlon, a Mtia-officier of (he emiiire, wtut 
brou|:ht lo trial ior this attempt, but wat 
acquitted. A li^acy of ten thoiiMund frani.-* 
wa« left to Caiitillon by Napoli-on t, iitiil 
paid lo hi* heirji by Napoleon III {Sii/ijil. 
Dtup.VJ Feb. and ]fl MorcU ; Crokbh, i. 
339; Gr.Ki«, lii. 4tl,fJl). 

A reduction of the armv of o^^cupation 
was proposed by Louis XVlll lii 18UI, and 
was Rnpported liy liuasia, which iiooed uh the 
s|ie<!ial fri*tad of Francit. 'Wellington re- 
OUted it, but in April lftl7 he nprwd to iho 
withdrawal of thirty thousand mon ; and in 
Noveniher 1818, when the term of three 
years came to an end, lui thoTighl the n.-- 
mainAir might be withdrawn. lie look part 
in the ronli>r«nc««At Aix-la-Chapelle, whcr-: 
tile GTBcuation waa decided on, the quatl- 
mpls alliflnce waa renewed, and other nueM- 
tioiM were KtCled. Ho was made itcld- 

TOL. LX. 



mnrshnl in tliv AustriAn, HuMian, and 
Prussian armiefi on lit Nov. On the 3lse 
his command of the army of occupation came 
to nn end, und hi? returned to England. 

The pari lamentorj' commit ionera ha 
bought torbim the estat« of Strathficldaai 
in llatiiphin.-, oii9Nov. leil7,for263,(X)0/.:! 
a had investment, which he tued to tutj 
would Lsv<] ruiiiud any man bul lumsoL 
Ileenlnri^t^l and ituproved. it, spending oni 
for ouny vears all the income h» derived 
from it. Coblx-ll ownud, 'acrordinp; to all 
account, he ia no muter at any rate ' ( Surai 
Ridet, p. VH). Apfil«y Uouse, at Hyde 
1'ark Oomor, was alito bought for him from 
Lord WellealeY ; and in I82rj, w1k-ii bo bod 
an official residence in Downing Street, he 
fitc^d it with sioii'-, uud addud a wu-*l winr 
in which the Waterloo buiu)uet was held 
auniially t (Jtiarterlif lieeipip, March 1853, 
p. 4r>8; WURkTLKr Alfn C'rXXiXOHAU, /rf>if 
don, i- i)7). 

In onlvr that Wellington might lend his 
weight to the govemmeiu, the maKt«r> 
generaUhip of the ordnance, with a seat in 
thu CAbinel, wiM given to him on :^8 Dec., 
bein^ reKigned by Lord .Mulgrave. Tljfli 
tniuiAtrv waa substantially the same oa that ' 
of which he hud boen a momlivr tenyeArgJ 
before. Varioiu shades of toryism wenn re- 
presented in it. His own was of ibe deepest, 
though he was well aware that ' tluis coun- 
try WHS never governed in praetice acoord-i 
ing to the exLrunm nriuciples of any parly 
whntnTL'r.' What liiui bi^rti oaid of I'itt 
may he more jnfltly said of Wellington, that 
he was ' the child and champion of aristo*] 
crocy' (XApjKm i. 2). In thw army he 
favoured 'sprigs of nobiUly,' held that 
family and lortune should have their iu> 
Huence oa promotion, and di.4tru«(ed ollivcn • 
(os a claaa) who had to live on their pay 
{pp/p. 4 Aug. 1810, II April 1821). In 
npnin he bud tried to gmft on tJie nttw con« 
AtiLutioa 'an assembly of the groat landej 
propriftord Mich an our H oust- of Lonls.'ttt' 
guard the rights of properly : and he had 
inquired 'whether, if I should find a fair 
Opportunity of striking At the domocrocy,, 
ibe mvemment would approve of my dojo^.j 
it't't'fi. I'o Jan. and 6 Sept, 1813; Raikes,! 
Grrretp. v. 348V. lie ue«pised alike thai 
[•lnwr* and the clamour of the mob, and had 
the wonl ojiiniun of tliowi who aimed at a 
' low, vulgar popularity.' 'TnwL nothing to 
the enlhuaiaam of the people. t"!ivp them a 
NtroDR, and a just, and if possible, b good 
govummfnt; but, ahove all, a Mrong on«,'l 
waa his advice to Lord Williain Benlinok 
for Italy {Daip. 6 Sept. 1810, 12 Juno and 
34 Dec. 1811}, lie complained much of 



Wellesley 



«M 



Wellesley 



* the i^nornucQ «ud prwutuirtion and Itcvu- 
l-iouKOMt*' of Ilif KntfUsh press (CnoKKR, i. 
11). Ah niittnU till! KoiQun rattiultci-UiniE, 
OO 'wliich the iMiliiiit-t w'AK diriiliTil. lie whh 
Ag&in^t i\)nrt«i)ioii. * IrKliind lio^ beaa ki^pt 
OoatUKTlvd with Ure«l Uritnin W iS" flin- 
rioetton Ix'twwn pt^tMUni'' liinl ruilmlics 
since the Act i^t Settlt-'ment. Tlit^ prote^ 
tdntaworelht- ED;ili9hEiHTisoii. Aboltnli ihf 
distinct i 1^11, iind fill will he Irwluni-ii alike 
with similar Iri*h fetUnga. Show iui> »n 
IrUhmuu and I'll show vini u ninn whiML* 
anxioiix wimIi it iii tn mu hix countrT inde- 
nendont of (treat Rritain ' ( Sappl. Deep. 
i'Julvl**!^; cT. r.*RPKXT, t. IKi.Mtd ii. 20; 
;^wrAM, i: Miiv \A]{)). 

The imnieOinit.- results of peacp and re- 
troncliTUL-iit. in Kri)flAn<i linJ bivn rl>:-prf8aion 
ufirtiilii.K'Urpliinliiboiir.du'tn'jii.diMurbaiices, 
stidr<»|>re8sivle(ji»lal ion, The rough hatidliriK 
of thi' Pfltrlai* mwtmg nu 10 Aug. fiiiiwd 
t^xiiKpi-nLtidti ; itii-Hix acta follMwed, and tht- 
Oftto Strcpr conspirnry of Arlliiir Thistlt>- 
wijnd [c[. V, I A 111011(1 \VrlIJii(^<iirii finil 
ciuficji WH* to iiilvifu- M tn the il9(> of liVKips 
in deoJiniT with tnobB iDetji. HI (_lrt. and 
I Nov. 181(11. On SSJiin. l8:?0G?i>njp ni 
died, mid rhin raided the question of Queen 
CiLnilinc. In June Wtfllint^ton and Cnstlo- 
reogh iHi V'linU of th>' minii'lrv li«hl con- 
ft'rL'iioc!) will] llroii){U«.ni and Dentuaii, hut 
no affroement wnscoiiiip lo. The bill of pains 
niiJ [H-'niilliw wiis brc-u^lit in. hut wn>i 
dropped aflui- ihe seertud ivadinjr. Willioiit 
going far -.noiiffh to ptousu thu king, iIk> ffy- 
vernm>Tit Imd i;'imi' 1<mi ftir for miuiy r>f il* 
i-upporrtni. and Canning fsipiipd. Wt-HInc" 
ton wiw rnitdii bird lii'iil.-nant nf Ilumpsliir'? 
on 19 Dec. IWO. and unon f[Bv« of^nc' bv 
flpftakinj; t<i ' iht farce of a counly meeting,' 
with n^fi'r-inop If on addrcM to thp queen 
from that county fSpee^hei; ^5 Jiin. l^JlV 

lie WM lord ii'igh ponMablfi at the coro- 
nation of (JtHiTKv n", n« at ibi; two 8ub(<v- 
qnent comnatioiia. 'lite tone of public ' 
opinion btid bvcume. as Fuel reouirked. i 

• mnn? lihr-i-al— U> uw. an olioiiv but intvlli- , 
giblL- pbrji!^^-— than the) poliry of lie govern- , 
inenl ' (Crdoir, i. 170). Tii atren^then Iht- 
latter. Liverpool lA-iAhwl in brinu hnok Can- 
ninir. but ihekingwas ub!<linate; and Liver- 
pool had to ontu,oni liimsi-lf with " I lit- rump 
of the CiienvilW and with Vw\, who bo- 
aUDe honii- *t-crctary in January 18:;:^. It 
w»» BiiiT^ejted that W-dUnfjlon should po 
to Ireland, where cmlrapw wore <>'M llm in* ' 
oreue, but h*; wa^t n^in^^t it, and Wellenley 
Waa made lord lienti-niLnt (Stamiopi:, p. 

I'i(iilerea){b, who tiiid l>ecortie Lord Lon- 
dondcrrv, L-ommitltid eiiicide on 1:^ ■'^I'g- ■ 




\S2-2. Wellington bad Dotic«d that, his tni 
was nnhiRfi:ed. and bad mamed bis doctof' 
{Derjt. \'A Aiiif). III.- piTMUidvd thv kioi; 14 
aroepl C'jinnin^ n.« fiir<--i^i ii*eretury. and h« 
hinjKlf look Londondeny'a pluce as Briti*Ii 
TeprruM-iitatirr nt llm contfmui which mH in 
Sept«inbi^r at Vienna and tratisfflrTt>d it 
to \'eroua. llin instruction«, drawee) h 
Londonderry for himself, wer*»iippbnn«it^ 
but not fluUitantially altered by <.'annii)|r 
i,Dt*p.\\AnA-~ Sept.> The main subjeclf 
furdisctiseiou were luritcy, Italy. andSpam; 
and it waA the latter that chtetiv en^^r^d 
the attention of the confrteas. ^Vellington 
litated hin ca»n for noti-intrrrrniiun irillt 
aingnlar force. But Alexander was bent ou 
pattinfT down 'Jacobiaisai,' of wbieh he coti- 
siderod Kngland thAKitpportor, and AiiscHa 
and I*rui»ia followed liia Lead. Tbe thrv« 
jiowera came to an agreement with France 
that, in caM: of n«i«d, sbc ahould seitd troop*, 
ti) help i-'enlinand againat hi* aubjecta, aad 
that ther should support her (Deq>. tt and 
lit Nov.) On other points Wellington wa* 
more swtrefljifiiL Ho left Verona on 30 N(ir^ 
and at i'ari? on his way hnine ht made a 
formal offer of Rritiflh medintinn between 
France and Spain. This waa done againfl 
hiH own opinion, and it was declined, ni 
untiKipated [Or^. 10 and 17 Dec.) 

Ah a lail etiiirt. Lord Fitxroy Souk: 
was sent to Madrid in January 1823, to urge 
the iuodtTBt>-s on WelUn(iton'» behalf to 
eonte to lemut with the king, not only to 
pruveut the invasion of (heir country, but t0 
nav« their euEoniia. Ilia miMion proved 
fruitle^i: and in April a French army en- 
tered Spiiin to resiore atuiolulism. Atiacka 
wenr made in jiarllaiiwnl both on the police' 
of tile government and on WellinKton* 
cnur^ie ut Verona. Wellington defended lum- 
N.;|f ( S/ifr-ii''*, ■_' I ApriO.and the government 
ribtained larffc majorities, (at mw though 
that England shooLd have gone the leuKtb 
of war. niin re-eatablifthmeut of abaoluw 
monarchy in Spain by France haaii-m-d the 
recognition of t!u> ravoUt'd S]iaiiish colonic* 
by Knglnnd. Thia was the work ufCanuiugt' 
and was strenuously oppoof^l by WflUnKton, 
ilv bad littld urmpcithy with tbe fla.ihinea 
which coined the phrase about cnlliug a ntw, 
world intoexLstence, or with the tradi_'niotiv 
which lay behind. Hcbddthat ' in a vie 
to our own internal aituation, to onr i«I»" 
tiona with foreti:^ powers, tu our fnmuir 
oiir existing reliLt ioivM with Npain, cooai' 
tng the mode in which tbe oontesta witlt 
these states has (»iV) been carried on, and to 
our own honour and good name, ihi^ longer 
the eslablishnient ot such relation is det«y*d 
the better ■ {Dftp. 7 Dec. lSi'4, 7 May 1826). 



« 




Ue even If-ndered bi» reoigoaiioii) bat did 
not Insist on it. 

la llis own d^fiarlmODl Walliugton b&d 
taken two slew of important!: hif bad 
bniu^bt about ilic truafer of tbo cliargv of 
bwvackfl ami •tonrJi fmin thw treasury to th« 
ordnance, and he hot) titarted tUc onlnance 
•urvvjof In*Un<l(7V47>. I Juq« lr<21, 17F«>b. 
1621> His beslih at tliis timu miiH>«] 
mnxiety ; be ' looked extremelv ill, witliermif 
■nddrving itp'(CR(»OR, I ^), In ll<l!^ 
be baa bad an openuioti to improve tbe 
briarinf^ of tbe left: ear, with the rMuIt that 
bo became ponaaiienlly deaf on itiiic i<idi', 
and iraa never quite well afterwnnlit (^Uleio, 
iii. Id8; Cruxbk, ii. 403). 

Ill-h«aUb noLwithxtandiriif, hi* wviil to 
St. Peterabtirp in 1826 aa Jwariir nf tlift 
king's congratulatiuns tgtbeEm{icror Nicho- 
lan on Iur arfreaaion. lt»s«ia wiu bcljcvt-cl xn 
htt on iho veree of war with Turkoy on b*:- 
li«ll' of tbe Greeks, when Ali>xaudt;r died; 
and Wellinf^ton'a rval inia^ion waa ta ascer- 
tain the m-W8 of tbe nnw euiperur, and in- 
duoD him ' to forgo, or at least suspend, an 
upeal to arms.' Hv wax to pnipos^i liint 
Kagiand abould ofTer to mediate bt^tween the 
Greelu and Tiirkit, viilirr alone or jointly 
with Rux'ia ; and to mi^ntion thai tlic-Tiirkd 
bad \»vn wnmcJ that the barbarous schinie 
nf expatriation attnbliteil to Ibrahim I'ucha 
would not bi! loleroled (Ihiip. 10 Feb.) Ue 
reiicli''<i St. I'tleraSufjf no li March, and r^ 
mained tliere till 6 April. In his converna- 
tions with the emperor bi; fouud hiui dis- 
inclined to intorfore with the i'orte in f»Your 
of ' r^WUioiw subje^ti," but bont on satisfac- 
tion for ^evanceB of hi.* own, whilo diis- 
clainiinK nil ibougbt of ag^^ndifcment 
(/Jf*p. oand 10 .Mardi, and 4 April). He 
would nut bu diannaded from ^'nding an 
uUiiniituiu 1o Constantinople, but he ex- 
tended the term for compliance. The Riia- 
siiLn naini^twr, Nw»elro(Ie, showed luoro tn- 
tereat in llw Grei_-k qucntiou, and at hi* 
inatance a protocol wEia drawu up on 4 April 
by which trio two powers ngriKd to recom. 
m«iid ibe romiation of a i^eu-goveniing bur 
tribuTnry Orcok stati-, if tin* ^rte accepted 
ihv offer of mediation. If that offer wcr* 
declined, find war ithuuld occur between 
Rugsia and Turkey, any aotttemi-Mt of the 
Or«^k quf^tion wm to be on thia iootinir. 
The other powerff wore to be invited to join 
in the recommendation. 

The I'nrte yit-ldid to the Kuftwiiin d(!nian<l«, 
and in Aukub* \\w ItiiMian government in- 
quired what action England had taken, or 
Mopa«ed to lake, under the Oreek proKieol. 
Cao nin ft and Wellui^flon were here at cro&s- 
purpo9«. The object of the latter was to 



preserre paace,or atanyralercatrain Husaia, 
while Canning wa« eaftor to do somethinK 
for the Ucvuk«. Ilf had bfvu il!-^lL'a«ed wiib 
the rfriulls of Wi'lliriiiion's itiiMion,aud had 
ecut a rather captious L-ritieifim in u dc§paldi 
wbicli wii3Hfl>;rM*nnlNcaim!llt-d(/)ir'/i. 1 1 and 
20 April). Ho now carried the government 
Ii st«p further towanis intervention by pro- 
p(uir)|; ihni tfan settlement agreed upon 
should be prraaed upon tbe Porte by all tbo 
power.*, und, if it wcro not accepted, they 
should recall itieir minittera, and abould rv- 
rujrni^e the independence of thnc part of 
<in_i».v wbicb huJ fiovd itself from Turkish 
dominion (UeM/i. 4 >JePt.) I'ruMtii and 
Austria declined to join m ihia course ; but 
Frdnci' luuto^^iuted itstdf with UuAtia and 
Fngland, and sureested that the protocnl 
should be replaced by a treaty, with n secret 
nrtieli- providing for armed inti'rfcTvnco. 
WelUiiglon strongly objected to this as long 
an hi} riiiiaint-il in office, but it wa« after- 
wardi coucludiHl in July {J)e*p, 'JQ Mardi 
and ft July IW27). it k^d to Navarino 
1'20 ()(;t.), which waA ^pokun of as nn ' un- 
toward event' by WelfinijtoM in tbe kiug'a 
r^peech at the beginning of \&2%, and which 
lie aftorwnrd« i^aid waa ' fought by our ad- 
mlml under false pretences ' (ItCip. 15 .\ng. 
1W301. 

It waa with Wellington's full winourrenco 
that iivo thoniand men wern sent to Lisbon 
in December 18:2tl to assist in rwpelling the in- 
cursions made fn^m i^pnin in tlic interact ol 
Uom Miguel. Ue bad i» fact recommended it 
three venra before, when tbe French troops 
were Tu rjpuiii iDritf'. 3 Aug. 1823, 13 Dec, 
IM*; SpffcAt)!, Il' Ue-c. lttJ7>. Hut while 
he held 1 hat Kuglaud should fultil her t n.«ty 
nbligntton to defend Portugal against in- 
vasion, lit! was steadily opp<i&i-d to any iuter- 
ferenee in her inteninldispul"". He rcfiiM-c! 
to leave the British troops at Lisbon when 
there was no longer dangitr from ouUide, 
and after Jligud'e u»urnAtion 'WellingTOM 
would not nilow Ha^laud to lie used as n 
base for attacks on him (iJ^^7^. 2HDce, IH2S; 
■SjjnrAM, 19 Junu l&2'<i, S:c. ; lULMKiwiox, 
i. 179). 

(hi '2H Dec. he was made constable of thu 
Towvr, aud resigii'-d the goveniontlup of 
Plvmouth, which had been given to him on 
9 l)ec. liffia. The Duke of York died on 
fi Jan. 1827, and the king, vrhvn lie fmind 
that he could not take the command of the 
army himself, otfered it to Wellington. Mm 
wiisuppoiutcdcommandur-iu-chief ontf^Jim., 
remiiluing mii»ler-gKneral of the ordnance. 
Ue was made colontl of the grenudier guards, 
instead of thu liorse i^iinnlK, biitcuntinuudl/> 
be coLoucl-in-chief of iho rilte brigade, a post 

-2 




• 



which htid been ffiven td him on 19 Feb. 

A ilroke nf pfiralvBis Jisablc^ Liri;q>ool on 
17 Feb., unci hir^ long HdminUtrntioucaoiRtD 
H1I 4>nd. Feel Aiig^ejtted In (-'aHuiiiK tliiil 
Wollingtori flinulcl lie his aucccMor, hut 
Cunning wim wMjlvi'd in iiolil no otlier plHce 
liimAtfiir I^I'kki., i. 46i-0). Ho Km! inikJi' 
fri<?n<]« at court , nnO jn AoriUif wiwchiirwii 
wiUi th*" n^c-oiifH ruction of the miniatn,-. Sis 
memtwra of the cabinet resijpiei] l-bi-irolficM, 
including WolUnpton. Hit con.HiderM th«t 
Cunning, beins distriuitocl by Liierjwot's Ibl- 
lovrers, would Iiave to look clMwhcn? for 
Hii|j{K>n, And ' to obtain tbAt support be must 
xlt^r Lhe CO urm of action of the govemtuent ;' 
whilo hii< hot nnd dea|>otic I*'ni|if r, iind ' hit 
nvon-M hr>«iility to the gnut ImidMl artsto- 
crapy of the cnavlry' wpn? ftdditinnnl objoo- 
tioiu to liini as a chitif (Defy. 2'-i Jiini; 1^27; 
OHKVir.i.H, i. 107, ii. 170). Airrn»ttHl Lv 
the tone of ont> of OanninE'.t iBtlprs, which 
hnd btien Jipiircjri^d by the Kinp, W'cllingtcjn 
re^i^ed. not only thfl onlnanr^', hut the 
OommanderBhip-in-cLief, on I'l April. Thi« 
king coniplainifl bitterlv of hi« Ht-jti.Ttion, and 
he was cbor^^d by ranning's fcuiiponers 
"with dictating to tho llinff and efclcinfr to 
bu first mi lustvr himsttlf. Ilo »couti;d this 
churjT*- >n Ibc HoiLSQ of Lorda. najing: 'His 
niBJen-ty kiwvr afi wuU aa I did that [ waf, 
and miistbc totnH}',i)iil of iJitf [jUOTitinn.' Hn 
jidd<<d tliAt hn would bAV<> btM>n ivorra than 
man to think of giving up lhe comnwind of 
the? anny for 'a elation to tho duti«» of 
which 1 was uimccuittoined, in which I wan 
not wLnhi^d. and for which I was not quail' 
iicil' l^iceduf, -J May 1^27). 

Canning died on 8 Auff., and Lord (iod^ 
rich was made head of the guvcmmcnt, 
which mronin'-d n crxilltiiiii of Ciinnin)^Cir>i 
tind whlgn. Wellinjpon was invilfld to re- 
euRi(< tb* command of th" nrmy, «nd ac- 
Ci'ptiid. without btinkio);; h'tf political differ- 
ences (De»jK 17 Auir,) lie was roappoiulvd 
on the i-Jnd. Lord Anglewy, who was the 
bmirer of the invilaiion to bioi and brouf^ht 
baclt hiB aujiWL'r, "aid to lln« cnhini^t : ' .Murk 
my worda, as aurw ae you lire aliYu, h(5 will 
Inp up all yiHir Ittwljt lji-rnrr mix months art! 
oTer your heads' (PALMKBfTnii, i. 120). Hut 
il waa thu kinjr. not thw dukv, and its own 
diflaenainna that broii^hr the (iodrrieb ad- 
ntiniBtratiou to an end. On 9 Jan. L828 
WelUngton was cominiMiom^l to form a 
miDiBlry. lie agrwd with Potd, whuwas to 
lead In the commons us home secretary, tlutt 
they could tiul %ht a party and a half with 
halfa party {C'i«iKUK,i.40iKaridll«- cabinet 
includ(;d four Ouiniimilea — Husktssnn. Dud- 
ley, UranI, and Palmvnton. AVellington 



became limt Ion] of the tnaMry on itt Jan. 
I'wL convinced him, much a^inil bin uill, 
that h^ mii^t pvc up t)M> command of the 
army, and Hill wuh appointed to il, as i^nior 
(fencral ollicer on the itatl", ou 14 Feb. Wel- 
lington Bcciipt<'.d a situation which was di«- 
agrueable to him, and fur which be »till 
declared ho was not niislijipd, at lhi< emt of 



' the gntntMt jiitrxonaf and profrfWoitnl '^'^■'*^^| 

l« I 






ficos" (Desp. i Feb., 5 anrt 30 April. I ; b 
he wn« ne%'er dt-af to a call on him for hvlp, 
fsrw'cially from the crown. 

Tlieri; W89 M>on friction in th« cabinet. 
KuMtia d'Ct'lnn-d war a^ainat Turkry in V'«- 
bruary, and called uii Imgland to act on the 
treaty of July IS'IT. Wellington wa» pre- 
pan-d to du eo. tbouj^h ho di«approviM] 
treaty, but he would not. giTe il a conilrui 
tion so favoumblo to llie Hreeka na tlie Can^ 
uinKiteJi dL«in-d (i>i.ijiiisim>N, i. i'J7, kc.) 
Ill 18:17 be hiid di-ffint^-d r-aiiniiig-'s corn bill 
by an atnendmeni that forci^ com should 
not bd tnken out of Iwnd till the price 
n^nrhM Q^.; and it wa-i only afti-r lone 
discussions that n fresh com bill wax a^recn 
npon, with a itlidinf; scale, eub«tituting pro- 
tection for prohibition. In fact, the mem-_ 
h(>rs of the cabinet diHered on almost ov 
quostion, ' meeting to di'batv and ilittpu 
and Kppnrating without deddiug' (PaI-UEB- 
HTWS, i. 147). Tho king and otiien iMigau l» 
say thnt the duke 'was no doubt n man " 
taergy and deciv^lon in tlui field, but that 
the cabinet be was ns weak and undecid' 
as Goderieh' {i6. p. 164i; while his ool- 
Iwa^uw complaineil tbm ho wa« too do 
nemnn (t'A. p. I Wi : VzKX., ii. L'621. 

On 20 May William llu^kisxon [q^. v. 
Pttlmi?r»lon vntwl nKaJnut the pivernm^nt on 
the Kaat Uetford question, and tbt* fonnor 
thought il right tu tender bin rrMgunli-m. lie 
wa« not iuvit(>d to wil hdmw it, as lie cxtii>cl«d 
to be; and Welliiiglon's answer, wh em Dudley 
came to him to fxiihun mntten, wax, ' There 
ia no uietake. there cau be do mistake, and 
there shall be no mistake ' (Glkiq, iii. 368 ; 
PiLUBKSTOK, i. 149). Thu other Cunningiua 
followed HuiiktAHUTi, and the govemmeot 
became purely lory. Veser Fitaj^rald, 
appoinlcd to the board of trade, liad to wek 
n^-clertinn for Piare; nml this enabled the 
Catholic Association to give a eigtial proof 
of ita strtngth and diiwipline. Fitzgerald 
was very popular, and had always been a 
ataunch advocate of the catholic claims : btit 
Daniel O'Conni'lI [u.v.J, though diMiualiCled 
lut a attholic, itoud againJit him, an<l was k- 
tiirned by the rotes of tho forty -Bhilling 
frweboldere. Thin brought lh# catholic ques- 
tion at. once tn the front. 

M'ellingtoa had long reolised that it m 



in \r- 

em-^B 
lEB- 1 






Wellesley 



<97 



Wellesley 



he de«lt witb, and bad mughl in Tain for h 
«afc eolittion hy u roncordnt tviili Itome 
fl'EEr, i. :J18; l)en>. IH March.Sl May, and 
10 Aug. 18if8l, IlisBpeccliM on tlif rfpcal 
of tLv tvtt nud corpontiou acU, and on (Li« 
cathulic imeition jtaelf, were taken to show 
a dispo«itiuD t(}coai[irDmisu(>t$fefoA<if, 17 and 
2S April mid 10 Jun.>; pALMHRSTriy, i. S4l ; 
GnKviixK, i. 133). But lh>.> Clare election, 
and lli« alarming njport« tliHt tuxm foHowud 
'it fnm frpland, convini'od liim that aome- 
tbiDg must hn done without dt^luy ' to restore 
to Bro|KiitT it« legitimiite influtince.' Tho 
Caibolic AsiociaTioa not oolv controllEHl 
4^1ectio)iB, but could rnite a rebellion when it 
pleamid ; Tut il v/nn out oT ruoch of thu law 
iw it HtofHi. Till* lIouM of L'oBimoim, which 
had shown a majority of fix m May for thu 
removal of caUiulic distibilitim, wnuld not 

Sua measures oreoercion witlinm mne^M'irin. 
y a di»spIution thu (fov(trnnu>nt wuuld Utw 
moro mMi in Irfland ttiitn it would gain in 
£DffIand. Hence there was u dL<a<Iiock, as 
Wellington cxplniiidl to tlie kinf; (/>f*/i. 
1 Au^.): fw t»e ftr*L st«p wai to gam his 
(.-ou«t-nt to the con-iideration of a nueatioii 
which liud Imh.'!! tubuoi'd tu all iumietrjt'8 
since I'HIO. In a si-ciml memoruiiduiu Uim 
duke gave an outlinti of h.>n plan, which in- 
cludoupropOHalsforthepaynii'MtiindlicenMinK 
of th<» nrlMla, afterwanls liropiM-d btTaime of 
the objections of iliii KajfUsh bUhops )i*A. 
Itt Nov.) Uut it. W.W not til! lo J»n. I62i) 
that the king ^\o the cabinet I«a?e to con- 
aider the nuefliion. 

The DuKe uf Oiimherland wo^ uvun moro 
'prole«taQt' than (he kiu^, over whom he 
had gt^at inHueiici'. Ahvavfl a mischief- 
nukvr. his oppi>sittou to <hi.> i^overuuii-ni wius 
M TioUnt and unBcrupuious timt \\elling- 
ton had at bn^li to make furiuul compliiinl 
of il iDrijt. :W Jan. IfWO; PEEt,, ii. 118). 
The Dukeof Clarence waa 'colholic," but his 
vagaries «n lord hijfli iwlniir.i] had tn }»• n— 
stninrd.attd aAi^r mnrh mtihli^ ho nmi^riiitd 
(Dtfup. li Juty-iy AuR. ltti!fl>, 'Between 
the king and hiw hrftthcr* the (fOTemmcnt of 
thi« country hnH become a mmt lienrt-bivak- 
inj concern,' Wtllinntnn wrote to I'et-l 
I'X Au^.) lie had othiir i^mbumusnictils. 
Pt^l quite a(p«ed with him on lb** catholic 
qae^iion, hut wished to resign, and only 
yielded when h« wa* a^.vun.il ilial tin- dj(!I- 
ciiltiea eo'ild not be (fot over without him 
IVeip. 12 Hepl. and 17 Jan.; PKiit, ii. 63, 
78). Swrr^cy wa.-» indi'^pi-nsabli' whilo the 
Jting held oitl, and even the lord lieutenant, 
Lora Anglesey, wo» left in the dark r*ee 
PaOET, IIenhV VVilllim]. Augle^tey had 
become a strong advocate of emancipation, 
juul was indiMreel in lil« dualinga with the 



agitators. Sharp letters paascd between him 

and Widlinj^rton, and on 'JH Dec, he was told 
thai he would bv nVmvitd, His n-call wna 

hastened by some contraenio which he pub- 
lished thiw dayH afterwards on a letter from 
WelUn^oii to Dr. C'lirli*, the Ehmian cutho- 
lic primate [Dtep. It fee., &c. ; S^i^echf't, 
4 May 18-21)). 

On 20 Jan. 1839 Wellincflon succ^ediwl 
Liverpool on lord warden of tneCinqueponH, 
and from that time helived much at Walmer 
Castle. On n tVb. ihe kiug'n speech uked 
parliament for fresh powers to oiaintaiu hui 
authority in Ireland, and iiiviti^d it lo ruview 
tlie la\VH wbii-h im]M>Hed disftbililien on Ibti 
Itoman culholicfl. On the 10th a bill was 
brought in h cippr ):■■>> iu); thi- OntUidic Asjiocia- 
tinn, and this having bt^en psMed, Peel in- 
troduced a bill on r> ]S[anrli which swept 
away all catholic diitahilitieH, with Rome few 
exoeplions, and finother which disfranchised 
the forty-»hillitig fn^choklor*. TIip bilU 
pat-tHd both boiUL'ii by largQ majoritiua, and 
on IS .'Vpril tliey reci'ived the royal naaent. 
Rut the vmancipatiuEi bill Wttji pOA^vd with 
tliB help of opjMJiir-iii<i and in the teeth of 
friends. At everr step Wt.-]lin^un hod hud 
to hght agninet ibc iiilrigiiKii ol' (bit Kldou 
flection and thL< king's sTiiftiness (Ellkm- 
jiyKO(,on.i)i«»y,i. 301-79; aK>:vii.Li:,i. 170, 
t!l7). No nui> thti could have done it, and 
never did he deserve lietter of his country 
than in thi*, which he describttd liOeen years 
uft«rwnrd« n« "Mie mo.*t painful act of my 
long life' iI'eki., iii. luyj. Ue lived 'in an 
atmosphere of calumny,' and the charge of 
dislioiif#1y, openly made agniii--<t biiu by Lord 
WincbiWa, led to a duel between (hem at 
Baltcreeu. The duke fin.'dwide; \Viuchil- 
Ki-h bred in the air, and then apolo^aed 
((Ji-Eiti. iii. ;fol-61). 

llnving broken with the liljiMuI t(iriMs,and 
ma<le the nllrn torieii 'Rullen and sour,' (hH 
government survived only by the divisinns 
of it« opiKint.'iil9. Tiilni'ss of trade and a 
bad liarveBt promoted discontent. At the 
beginning of t lie session of 183U amendments 
to ihu nddress wereiuored from tory benches, 
and the governmtint was forced to cut down 
the eatiiiiBtos. Its furejgn policy, esiHifially 
as n-gardN PurUigal and ItrmM^n, wan atlac'km 
hy the whigd and Canninjriles, who were 
prinu'd by the Itussiitn ambaMndnr Li«*vi*n 
and hi.iwifp (/>«;*. 24 .\ug,ftndf< XoT. ISiit; 
Lih'vex, i. .|-i;f ), The treaty of Adrionopte, 
which Mided thij war Ijctween KiiAsia and 
Turkey, waa ill Welliugtoti's view the death- 
blow to the independence of the I'orte. Ho 
wiiulil nithor have gi-en (hu Kuiw.i>in» entt^r 
OoUMtantinopk, fur lhi?n the othsr piiwers 
would bare taken part in ibu disposal of the 



t 



W'cllcslcy 



19S 



W'ellesley 



wnvk nl'ilii- 'riirkisli i>iii|iin'. lli> ^ou^lit to 
iiiuix itii' I'lliH'i of iliifi Ki'iuiraii' iit>p^Tiiitii>ii. 
Ill iii:il>i' linvt'o till' iTi'aUoii of Miirii{k', iioi 
ol' ltii«Mit, In nsiritt till- limits nf what In- 
l<clii-\i->l vM'iilil U' H "fiviis 111' n'\iiliitii>ii,' 
iiiitl, iili'M- nil. iii't ti> I'Uv into tlu' liiin.ls oi 
llii—irt l>v w r:i Ivi'iiiiit; Tiirki'v ^/>rn;', lO iVr. 
iiii.l i:« iW. 1>lV; .'ii^^,'h,i.. l-JlVb. iSVi. 
lli'^ M-U.'itiulo ou tills ImsI (loiiit w:is i:ilie< 
r;:nl l>* >i>nii' i>l' thor-i- w !i.i won' ii'.i'st .'j'- 
\\'-i\l 1,' tuiii !i: till' iijiii\ I sciviii'.lv IVlI- 
«U-!>!.':i ;;il.l S;riv:i'iT\l l';Hii:vliir. 

(iivT-i:.- l\ ,tu'.i %'!i -.V JuHi', iiivl jvirli*- 

l!'.-'i;; w .!"■ . i ;>».»', 1 I'll I'li 'Jl ,1;i"v, Vwi^ ,!;kV!i 
;■.'.'. ^rwa'.A'.s :l;i' J\i\\ rv\.\:\::.-':\ Wc*:: :r. 
Vi'.:<. ;i!:.' .•;! : .V^:; I ^■;:.^-l•!;;^t':,■ « is 
|•T•v:A;;:;.^i;.:^i.■f:^, Fr^iv:; W.:".;;:;:.:: 



!;s,i : L.--;;;: 


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v.-.-a » 


■■. 1 -A i-.-. Is .; ". w.:- 



n'prt'sentHtioa lud and deserreJ tlie con- 
liiU'noe o( the coirntn", that no better legis- 
liiturt' could be deri^ied. and ihai as long us 
lie hfld ollii'e 111.' shotilil opp.i^e any measure 
of ft'furm (SjitveAef, '2 Not. I^.". To a 
Iriond wlio found fault witli ;hi> unc>im- 
)<n^iuiTmir attitude, !i>- rt-pliiJ : * I leel n'> 
str^'tijilhexivptinir in mTcharacterf'rplain, 
manly Jealiui:.' lir was 0'.''nvi::.>'l that the 
■ niiMi'rati' reformers* had C'^ irm f»;irj;. 
aiii :ha: if di?fraue!iLsercec: wrrr - ::ce id- 
luitii'd.niihout prir-vedde'iEia-^ :'.■.:: w:-^M 
U' piisht^d TO '.eHiT-hj wLii^b w _Li r^'-j "be 
Hj';-*; i-'.asses ■ 01 tiie pi'i-lojl ■.-:" -r- .*e'^i.:;li 
:;•,:>■ OrT^e fn-E: thr'r fr.r^rv. i-; j.-.*- 
^::".v,Tv:-.::;a"v..':" :i:e;r-.'prr:v .-^1:' IifK. 
'} N' V. i:„-: !'•■ l\v. Is;*.'. l4Mi--i: Is.". . 

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■•. ii ■•rrn JlU v:;c jmTTt-t 11 ii:- 



Wellesley 



199 



Wellesley 



Motdt by helft of th« waverere, 1m wroie, 
* They have ruined lhi?insplveftftndiis' {D^i. 
■"> Kod 23 Nov., 7 April ; fipuchn, ifi Marcti 
luiii 10 Apnl 1832). 

St-ein^ ttut there was no longer any 
ctiniunt- of throwia^oul tlw 1)111, lie turned 
hb mind at r>n<!e to iniiitraiing its ftviU, It 
was hie ntl« to make tbi* be^t of circuni- 
«toneic«, and fao cmiitd afford lodl^rt-j^rd the 
c)iar)[v of AwallowiiiK priiiciploi* for place. 
William IV, who had eo lonp held on with 
Utv.v uiitircd, lisd hL'fi;un lo aanf hunk, and 
on his refiL**! lo rn-ate peers I'lioii^U toover- 
comtt the opponiiion in cunitDil.lt>L>, Grey 
nrngiuid on H M«y. Thi* king cmj'uhr.d 
I^>-ndhanit, and swnt him to Wpnnigtnn. and 
tli« duke felt bound to tuokf? an (■flbn Mo 
enablft the king lo rthnk^i >>fl'ihe iramati'l^ of 
his tyrannical minister' {Drfi. '-'7 April, 
lU Mart. IK- conwrntrd bo tnhi- anict!,<>ith>:r 
ai bead or m(;mbvr of an ndminiMniion 
pledged to bring in an exltfioit l- n-lbrni bitl. 
But Pci'l n-ftiMv^id; ManiuTs-Siitton, the 
Hpv>Ak<>r, wan ncnrn] and ilr>-nr hack ; and un 
the loth Wellington and Lyndhurst in- 
formwl thvkin^ oi' tht'ir failure. To v.\vrt 
the CTvyition of pflers, tht^y promiAO<l to absent 
t1ieaiselvt.'8 from the furllier disciueions of 
tlic hiH(/V^. 10-17 May; ^«<-y*«,17 Way; 
C'hoxi;h. ii. 1A3-70; OucviLt.£, ii.tJV4 ^Wh. 
("ircv t*«umed offiw ; pei'rn enough fallowi'il 
Wcllinfrton'flciamplL'toallowthfbilltopnssL 
and on 7 Juutf it n.-civ^'d th'* n.'val ai<*ciit. 

'ITiP odium incurred hr all opjioncnls of 
the bill faslt'nvd ospt'ciullv uu Wcdlingtou. 
Thfi window* of .\p»l>'y ifou-u- wi-n- Iroki-n 
by ilw mob on 'ii April l>^-'n, tiitree days 
HlUir thr (W til of tht* duch''«ti, thuujith her 
body wa« still lying thpns unil ihfy were 
bfoken Afcain on \i tM- Wt^lliti^^ton li>rt 
thorn unmond^xl. and siiWqiu-ntlr put. np 
iron shutters, which reoinined till his di^ath. 
On 18 Juno 1832 Lo yrtis thr«nrcncd by 11 
mob ne hi' wax riding liouit- fmro tLi' mint, 
and had to lake ahelt^r at Linntln's Inn 
(iJtfp. viii. 359: GLKi.i. IV. a*. \M\. Itui 
hi* unpojiiilanly did nut liutt lori^. Thr 
u&iTeriiity of Oxford, which had creulwl bim 
D.C.L. oil U June HHU, <!-K'cl«d him chan- 
cellor on SB Jan. \K\\, and hi- wa» rpcpivwl 
with the wildest euthusiiism whon he went 
then- to be inst-olled on 9 June (CnoKEB, ii. 
'22ft). Wvf elfction hdped to caiiafialemptj- 
rai-v coolneas beLvrmm him and feel, who 
had dc<.-liniM3 an in vt tat ion lo tiinnd, bul m'ii<> 
OOV«rtb>-lrM KOrv Oil ihn Hubjf^cl t I'kp.I., ii. 

^ -^i7). 

Not oni^fonrth of the m^-mbvrt of thii n- 

)nni*d House of Commons wi;n> r,on»ervn- 

ives; but the weakni'»« of the opposition 

leaaeoed ^he cohoxion of the gov«mtnrnt, 




atid Inland provud a eiumbUug-block. tii 
Xovpmber XfAt .M>-lb(iiinii- (who hail UW«n 
(>rv>'ia (ilacu iu July) laid before th« king tlie 
dilliciilttMt nf thv sit nation rau»ixl bv the re- 
moval of Althorp to lhi< lorda. WiiliAm IV 
ftpiziid tl)« cpportuniiv lo chan^ hik laini- 
f^lor^and Bent for WVllington (C'hocbr, ii. 
L'4l»; PdLMKi>TO.\, i. *)!»; I»KBI, ii. 251). 
Tl)« duke adviM^ thAt Ptcd should be prime 
minisl>>r; but iVvl was at liomv. Mob- 
«eng?ra wore sent oiF to him ; and. lo jirevrnt 
cuuuivr-mEina'nvnsE during his absence, the 
outgoing ininiitttm wi^ra; called upon to give 
itp their sealH. Wellington wil>* .sworn in 
n« home RLH-rvtnnr- on 17 Nov., and was also 
npp<'>int<>d iirHT lord of \\\v trcBMiry itiiic- 
MLix, ii. \\ii, \Gi), For the next three 
weeks he Ourriwl on th* government almosl 
alone, io order that I't'el mi^ht bf fn-c Ui 
form ht» own catiuitil. He pitied fr>>m one 
(lepannient to anothur, and look rare that 
lliere i.liimlJ be no arrear*. (Iri-y «>ni- 
pluiiu-d thai, he was ' uniting in a manner 
iirither coiixrit itlUinul nor legal the appoint* 
roeiiis of firat lord nf the tniLinrrand Bpcn^ 
tnry of dlate' (Lltsvjss, lii. 4fj. but the 
country wn* mfifo AmnM:d lhi%n irritated. 
V<x\ arrived on 9 Dec,, and Wellington then 
become foreign secretary. 

The ftdmiuiittnlion, born pmrnni uruly. 
lonted only four months. The election of 
lf*35 strongthen^ the conw^rvatives, but 
Ivfl pani«t »o bnlanced ihut O'CoiineU'ti fol- 
lowers could turn the scale; and after three 
dufrntB on the Irish clnircli question, Peel 
resigni'd on fi .\pril. Wellington dankagtid 
the ministry by chonfiiog Londonderry faee 
STKWAnT(«'Herward(i Vaxb),Chiiklb«'\\ 11^ 
LiAM ait ambaArtadnr at St. PettTAbuiy 
(^S>jewAM. Ifi Mareh ; Ohevili.K, iii, U^Rj; 
but though hehaddisi\pproYO-dof the foreign 
policy of (.irv-y and I'almerittun, the latter. 
on returning to the foTtign office, wrote: 
' Tht' duko hue a^'lvd with grcitt fuirneM and 
itononr in hi* Btliiiinitiiratinn of onr fornign 
relations: be baa fullilbd with the utmost 
lidelil}' all the •.utgiigpniunta of thv crown, 
and feeling that the exintr'tice of his gnvem- 
m«nt was precarious, be made noarbitrurj' 
(!hftn^-« in ftiir itystem uf policy ' (P»i.l«EB- 
sToy, i. ;S1H>. 

I'eel and Wellington re*um«d their former 
lirn.) ofcondnct in opposition; nut trying to 
mm out the gu\L-niinent, hut to mend its 
mcnr^nrvs, and to support the whigs againei 
tbi' radicals. They follnwvd tUii» course for 
sis yrtirs, though wirh increasing difficulty 
ao iheir party gained Btreogth. The con- 
!.orvatiT(^ majority in the lords was oftan 
restive under W eUingtoiit and he himself 
differed on some questions from reel, cape- 



I 



cinllv M to the Cansd* bill, lie wMopptwed 
to the union of lli« itpp«r Rn<l lower pm- 
Tiiices because he thougiit it w&s a step 
towards sevuring thuirconiH-'ClionwitliGrent 
Britain, while Vvc] Imdiio^ruat (vpii^nnuce 
to SM'ix ft rasult (i'EKi,, ii. aJt", &c., lii. 3M9; 
^hvAm,30 June 1^40; St'j.NllOl>E. )>p. 341, 
2-62). Tli« li<;dcl>Hni'<t<r niK^lion, on which 
the dultfi went alonp with PwJ. savod the 
conservatirpB from olWcff in }>^<id; and tliv 
Melbourno miiiisiry contminyl to lonn gToiiiid 
till it waj brought to an iM)d oa 3U Aug. ; 
184 1 by u Toto of want of eonfidi^iict' cmricd 
hy a majority of mneiy-one ia llie new par- 
liameat. 

In 1^38 lie had rt^ctfireil with wartath bi« 
old «dren»iirv, .Miirslial .Soult, who camo to 
Kn(;land oa anibttEjsndur at the curDnatioii of 
t jUM'ii Viftoriw ; nt that cn'otony, "k wt-l! an 
at t.hr! qui^eii'A wrddiiiif, W>^lUn^on fiyiired 
iironiinunlly ae lord hi^b coostabk of Eng- 
Iniid, 

In Pefd's e>ec!Qml minifltry Wellinptoii, at 
hib own 8iig);i>slion, beds seat in the cnbinet I 
■without- offico, with the Uwlifrship in th« 
lords. Since J>*y7 he had had sexcrsl epi- 
leptic fits, ujiuttlly brought on by cold or 
waut of food, for he often w«iit tweulj-foiir 
hours without a meal (Stakuofk, pp. i&H- ' 
:^l^,&c.j CuoKES, ii. S-JS; Veei., i\. 41l'>. 
Ak Sir Jami^i (iTahnin Mtid, a eoiiitfrrative i 
{government without him could ant fitniid a , 
week (I'kel, ii. 44U); but it was his name 
and weight rather than his active participa- 
tion i.hat vas wanted. I^eel's was a one-man 
Bclminislration, and wlion he sought adiHce 
il WHS from (jrahaui or<Jlad»tU[tu. lit; woe ' 
' pasHiotiately preoccupied ' with the state of 
tui^ working classes, while H'«llingtoa was 
morn o.nni.'nnitfd for tiit- prosju-rily of agri- 
cnlturfl. 

On Hill's d«ath WnllinKlon wan reap- 
iioinl.'d (^ommntidiT-inH'hii'f by iMiletit for 
life (10 Au^'. \bi2). lie hud pointed out, 
ID nectimbcT 1«39, that nn incrroae of the 
nava.1 and mtliiary eHtabliabmentu wu re- I 
ijuired ; but the question now began to take | 
inoru hold of his mind, and hv urrod it 
officially ill IVi-einber 1K4S (I'eel, ii. 418,1 
572). No ont! was inon' anxious for jwow; i 
be antifipalnd thi* lalrt fjonl Perby in the 
Baying that peace U the first of Tlritinh in- , 
tanete {^xwAf*. B April 1^0). But he I 
WM not di«po»nl to trust, tho safety of tlie 1 
counlrv to foreigii liiendship or ulliiincee, 
and he held t hnt the proj^re^s of steam navi- 
gation bad agvravai'd toe dangt'r of inva- 
aiou. The iiaval prepAraltons ol J'"ran<re and 
(lillbnsnucs with her and with tho I'nilcd 
Stat«a made thi4 matter very Hii-rioua, ami ! 
Wellington again presFed it npon Peel in ] 



Uvonnb^r 1&44. Ife own»() that 'all 
a^miniai ration* einro th« peace of 18IQ ms^ 
be more or lesa to blame for the state tn 
which the defences of thf country «re found;' 
and as a nieuibor of csbinetti U-Jit on " dish- 
ing the whigs' in retrenchment hetnttstb'.'Ar 
bis ahant of the blame. Link came of bi.t 
rem onal ranees. 'Die jiubjeci waa distasteful 
to a minifilry intent on financial reforme; 
Abenirtiin, tbt? foreign st'cretarv, fearrd that 
France would talto umbrage, and the entexU 
rvrdialt would suffer ; and the corn-law 
question itoon ab»ort>«d attention (Peei., iii. 
Ul7-Jiy,a»-113). 

Wellingt<tn was far from sharing the coi 
clu»io»« about the com laws to which Vi 
came in the autumn of 1(U5. He waa a 
fltaunch partisan of the sliding r»csle, uid 
Mw no rvaKin to modify or suspend tl nn 
account of the notato diaease (Choker, iii. 
'm, 44), But wucn l'<>el, after ri-signing on 
Ii I)«c., n-sumnl nfliCL' nn llm :?Orh, bei^auae 
the whigH could not form a goremmeul, 
Wellington unheeil-ntinfi^Ir snppoHMl him. 
'The exiinting com law ia not the only inte- 
rest of this ureal nation,' he said, and Peel'a 
downfall 'must Ix- followed by lh« lo>w of 
com law* and everything eli*e.' The ques- 
tion of ouestions to him ever since the EU^ 
form Ildl bad beun how tu maintain a 
goveninn-nt, as opposed to a M-t of minisLeis 
who Win' the Mtrvanta of a parliameiitarv 
mnjnnly made up of mere delegnli?* from 
thu const ituviicics. 'AH I deeire 
1 have desirvd for some years past— is to 
a ■* government " in the country — to »c«> 
country "guverued," ' hu had said in I 
[litfiefrhf*, i'a Aug.) He hoped at first that" 
Peal wotildeo^en ihu blow to the agricul- 
tural iuM-refitft, and that a mIiisiq of tli« 
conAervativea might be avoided l,CR4)ai:it. iii. 
44, 1 1 1 I. He was di*n[ipointed ; and im tba 
*'(iind nwding of the com bill Iw rould riay 
nothing in itn favour, but be advised I' 
lords— as his lout advice to them —to acce: 
il {.'■^rfchft, 28 .May 1**1B1. 

Un ^U June the goreriiment , having 
TULSeed the coni bill, witl' beaten on ibt^ir 
Irish bill. Thn duk» reiMmmended disaai 
tion, but Peel preferred to re«ign. 
pitd<:-d Wi.'llington's carmr an a i>arty po! 
lician. I( would have bf-en wall, pnrht^ 
for his reputation if he had etood nloof fro: 

?>aiiy altogether, hut. that waa impOA-^ibl 
lia weight and capacity made the palitL- 
cians turn to htm for help; and he was him- 
.■ti'If a man of strong and definitecoDvictiona 
— what Thiers called narrow, and Slockmar 
um'-sidfl—not a mnn tif'cro«t(-bench miad.' 
At the end of IH-Iti I'almerstou. who was 
again at the foreign office, brought tbequos- 



a ■ n 



tary i 
rom I 

i 

:h^^ 




Wellesley 



301 



Wellesley 



tion of iu1iQD«I (lefi>iice before tlie Itusaell 
cabinet. Sir John Fox Iturf^yno [q.r.] hoi 
fumietxxi bim with a ini.!mvranduiu, anil sent 
A copy of it to WellingtrMi. This drew from 
ibf duke hit letter of D Jun. 1^47, u-liicli, 
laucli to lii* Knnojrsncv, wiw publiakci! in 
ilie 'Morning ChroniclH' of 4 Jan. lf<-iii 
{WliOTTB*u;t, /*!/<■ Iff liurgoynf, i, 4;t;t-f»l). 
in Bpit9 of (?o)^en> du^gt^ation tlint xhe 
duke was in his dnla^ (CoAden't SpefcAm, i, 
468). lh(i l>.-Itor tanAf! & acep impn'Mioii, nnd 
its main rwoiumcndntion, orxouisstioo <nf 
thci militia, waa propnwxl to pArliamcnt in 
Februar)', tliaugh not (uinicd till ii^'2. 

Aa conunutder-tn-cliiof, a» in otli^r posi- 
tion*, WoUingtonwaaavtrrserramclian^v He 
beld that thit Hriti<b anny muiti alwayH bi- 
recruited from ' thfl ecntn nf the eartb.' aud 
that corporal piiniahmi.>nt wn« itidifipfniMbiK 
tot It (iMpaU&^v, -J-J \]iTt\ lH29,&c.; Stas- 
uom, p. 18). lie reirarcled otd soldiers ne 
th« ' he«rt aod soul ' of a ref^ment, and waa 
aeauut pftfisinir tbvu into an armv reserve 
(Spetfif*, h. i>;4; Miltnx, ii, 4aH>. ilv 
wa* not a fi-icad to inilitiirj odiication: tbt! 
public acfaool aud the n'^imi*nt weri> llie 
test training for officers, improvaiiinit? in 
weapons did not ntoet with nrndyatfCM'tiHK .■ 
from kim, j-f>t it vajt in his tiiiin ami wiili 
his approtal tlint ibv >Iini6 ritli^d 01118)0^1 
waa intrt'>diiO:'d(0i.r.ifl, iv, l(tt-i|i). Hfwna 
verrdefflrou* that Princf- Albert shnulil f^nc- 
Ceea bioi in the command of the amiy, in 
ordnr that it mi^ht 'remain in the hands of 
the soTercitni and i;oi full into tlio§« of tlie 
House of Oommona,' but he admitted tho 
force of the vriuco's maaoii* aRainat it. The 
quef^n n>niarkcd at tliii) timi> {A April 1850), 
' How jHrnvrftil and how clear the mind of 
tliia wonderful man 1; and how hr>ntT(it Kud 
bow loyal and kind h<> ialoufl botirt^MARiiK, 
ii. ^^ii-OR}. 

When London waa threatened by the 
charlista on IM April \S^■■> he penHinnlly 
planned the miMWiircii for proTocttnfr it and 
aow to tht>ir execution. Ilia comulration 
with the cabins waa described by ^facaiilay 
m* themofft. tntervatinKKpuelacU- lio Imdever 
witnoased (L«Ttio» liRowXB, p. '_W). Ke 
gave muuh ultention to Tndiiin ulTiLire. IId 
va* oppOHed fnim ihv tir*! to Liinl Auidc- 
Uod's p<dicr in Afffhnniaian, hnt, as it cnnld 
not. h>! t>t.'>p[>i_*d in time, hv would not hiivo it 
attacked as a party qucMion ((iKKVCLLK, 
II. ii. 100). lie laua-hed J>nrate1y at Lord 
Ellon borough's prooTamatLOns (I'A. p, I3H), 
but he g&xi} him strone auppurl and hlamt>d 
hia recall (.S/Mw*rt,L'or.«b.ltai(. Ac: lliKr., 
iL Stl3, &c.) After Chilliunwatlnb hu sciid 
to Sir Cbsriea Napier, ' Hit]i<?r yon muat uti 
ODt or I must ;' but when Napier quarrelled 



with Iiord Ualbousie and reaigiied|Wellinff> 
ton's opinion wna ngainst him (GlbIO, iv. 
117; Memo, of 30July l&W)). 

He was elected niMlt-rorthe Trinity House 
on :!2 May 1437. hnvtug become an elder 
brother on l* May lfl2H ; and wb» inatle 
ruufter uf Hyda iVrk and 8r. JatnHs'ti Park 
on •il Ang. iHnCI His many fnnclions weve 
no Eim^rnrei) to him, and outride nf rhem he 
had n larf{e correapon deuce. ' He waa pro> 
fuse-, but caTL-lcH and indiMriminating in 
his charities, and ron8i.-(|ueutly lie was coa- 
' linuall^ imposed upon,' itays the brother nf 
j his pnvnti- cecretury (Obevilli:, ii. iii. 
: 476). It was his liabit tu opm iind anHw«r 
I atl Ivtiani himself, though somttimcd this 
biM.-aiiie iinpoiuib])*. An innlnnce is ff> bo 
found in the 'Letters of Wellingrnn to Miss 
I .1.,' piib]i*li«d in 1^90. A struoKer to him, 
but a relifrirtu!) r^nTbii^itLU brnt on his con- 
version, taiH youu^ lady wrote to him in 
18:i4 and intt^^n-^tud him. Tbcy aeldom 
met, but the curn'spondencc was carried oa„ 
iictiv4-lT, especially on her aide, till 1651,4 
wLi'it her pvrtinacily und ftclf-Biismtion at 
lenj^b e.\hau*ted hi* forb^iararire [t:(. AWm 
rnvi Queru». 7ih ser, is. il7 ; L*Dy OH Koa,, 
l> HH). IIi< lind (ithornnil clotrrintimaciflq 
with ladies, which r-auaiHl reports that hO' 
I inHunt to murry nitain {Gukville, It. iii. 97, 
I7fi); bur hf once *niH oniphfttlcftUy, 'no 
I woman ever lived mti; nwvi-r in my whole 
, lifi>' (t'u^iiEB, p. 97). In lS."iO he stood 
[ gi>dfather to lli'; third of llif tjuwn'a sang,! 
and be wus painted in IH.^I in the well-* 
j known group by AVinterhaltcrwith hia god- 
sun, the qui'i'n, and i'rinei' Albert, iind the 
eshibilion building in tUc back((round. 

lU- was a fn.ijuunt vleilor to ibe Great 
Kxhihition of 18.)!, and CuMrn noted with 
vexaliou that when he entered 'all other 
. olijr^-l« (if int^'ri'st nank to insiniiificance.' 
He wnn in bi.s uiiuni hi-alth till Si-ptemberi 
IfVj'J, and on the 13th he drove over t 
Dovi-r fromWalmcr. lie rotamcd to dinne 
two hours liilwr than ii«iia1, wa» very hiingirJ 
and Rt(i hastily and heartily. He had a nt| 
ill till' ni^lii.nnd in tlir coun« of tliL- 14tli 
hej^dually mink, and died in the ntYernoon 
(L&Tiioif Bkownl, pp. &iVl-7). ralmerston, 
who so ofl<'n dilFrreil from hira.wrotti: 'OldJ 
as he wft^, and both bodily and mentully en- < 
fm-bled by ngv, h<* still is a pfrtot loss lo the 
country. IIL1 name was a tow.'r of strength 
abroad, and his opinions and counsel Mx-re 
valnahlc nt home. No man ever lived or 
died in the potisettiiion of mori' unanlmc 
love, respect, and e*I«em from biftcountry-^ 
men '(I'ai.iierstox. ii. 2-'30). Rut tin- finest 
tribul*-, and the bent piclurv of him, is 
Tennyson's ode on hia death. 



Wellesley 



903 



Wellesley 



He wu baried with niwxatnplMl maentft- 
cfncc at St. ISiir* on IS Nov. Ahn Tying 
in sttttc atWaimtr, ihebodv waa brougnt to 
Clit'lsis IfospiMl on tho ntf^ht of thu lOtL, 
uml lay in i<inlu ibvro till tlio 17tti. On tlial 
niglit it waa taken to the Ilorw (iuarda, and 
nvxi tuumiag ibu fuocral proc'veKion paBu-d 
l>v CKiiftituliriii Hill, I'ln-jiilill), am) tlii; 
H'lnuifl l<) St. pKura, in tlm presrnce. a» was 
«»timat«(l, of * tnilliuti and n half ofncoiili; 
(•uppltJinent to London GaiflU of A I>ec. 
ll*Bi: cf. vim. Kf^itl. ItSBJ, pp. 4y2-9<M. 
Out of 80,000;. voted, tlivtv noAinttd M,UOO/. 
lor a monument, of which nearly one-third 
wu WSDt in the clioic« oT an artist. The 
COfflDDiMion wtm^vunluAlfnilStuvvnsj^.v.] 
in 18>'»8, anil the work wait wortlij of the 
mmn &nd the nlaw ; but it was not till forty 
vcnm nfliT Clin duWi ih-ath that it wa* 
ttr«?i*<l in St. Paul'fl Cnthedral in the yoai- 
tion for which it was di.'ei){nwl, in one of the 
nrrhca nn Thi^ north Aide (if rho nave, 

A colnasal statue on horsebnck by Matthew 
CotM H'yatt [q.v.] bad Ix^n pUot) on the 
top of an ucliwar opposite Apk-y il<>u»L- in 
1&16. UniTeramlfycondemntxi, it would ]lav^■ 
boon nuDOTod at once but fur Wi-Utii^un'M 
own oLj«ctiuii (CttoKBR, ii. 'Al't^, iti. ]:iO-ai. 
It wiia taken down In January 1883, and 
I«in«fi'rriitl t<) Aldi-rnhot, biiiu); n-pbit«l by a 
BtnalliT aUTUii on horsflboclj by Sir Joaeph 
Ed^r Bochm in l(^. Kquet^lrian Etalueit 
-w-iTc alwi (iri^cli.'il :n'nr tbi- Itoynl Kxchuugo 
(byCbunlri'V) in J^U, at GloB^row (bv Maro- 
chc'lti) in tlii3 some Tear, and at Kdinbiurch 
(by liiiU) in 1M2." In the Phienix ]>arT(, 
llublin, an obelink (by Smirke) had been put 
lip in 1821. A pilliir was also i-rectod noar 
Wflliii^tOH, ijouiwr»ct, and « «tntuc (bv 
SlaroctiL-tti'i ntnrSt.rathG(.>IdsAy<>. The ntntiie 
of Acliilli« in Kydu Park (by Weeltuucull) 
■wh» n nurriorinl to Wi'tliugtoii and his army 
by the Udicuj uf Eti^luud in 1821', cbv metu 
llitinfr fiirninhitil hv ifiiiiit Inkrn friim tli« 
Frciicli. In the »iinR ywir ih'i Widlitiglon 
abiij]d(byStothard), sUKge«ted by FlAXinnn'H 
ahield nf Achillea, wiw pre«ente(l to iheditkc 
by mvnchantJi and bankers of I.otidon. The 
national monioriu.1 to him,forwbic1i IUO,0(X)/. 
WHS Biibu-ribiKt, took tim form of a cuUegi? 
neor Siirnllitirsl for th« edtii'alion of ttona of 
tifltcurs. Tb)> lirsl stotif of Wellington Col- 
li^- wnK laid bv (lie ciiiei-ii on '2 .liinv 1,8^*!, 
and it ■v<i\» op«>ni^ by tiw mi^eittyon fiSt Jnn. 
1859, At tliB inatanco of Edward Gibbon 
Wakefli'ld ibr cnpiial cityof the n<>'* colony 
of Xew Zealand wan numed oftor the Duke 
(S6 Nor. I84C). The mountain in Taamuiiia 
at lh(3 foot of which tb« town of llobarl 
stands waM likewiMt fitlltHl a.fl<-r Iiitn. 

Among th« many portmius of Wellington 



the best is a half-Iengtli by Sir Tboi _ 
liBwrence, engrarrd by Samoel Counns iB 
ISV8. TbereareearlieronesbyJohnltoppncr, 
rvpiyMWCinghim an a1ieut«nant-<vIotiLel,and 
on hia return fmrn India; and thorw U on 
admirable profile pit^ture of him in I84& br 
Count d'Orvay, which i$ lu the Xatiatul 
Portrait (ialb-ry; imo rfplica of this in in 
White's Club, of wbich "\^'e^in^on wai 
cdis'tr-d a nu>inlw>r in ISI2. A portrait bv 
Wi1ki>> is ill Mttrcliant Taylors* Hall, and ■ 
futl-lenfflli by Pickt-rHgil t wa« painted for 
Lord ilill. ill- wa« painlod by Frant 
^^'interhalter for tlw ipie«n, in company wilk 
Peel. lie it the central figure m a loi^ 
oumbur of suljcci-pici un-i^. v.g. bis tnectii^ 
with Nelaun, by J. P. Knight ; tlw vtoming 
of BadajoK, by Cntou Woodville: the entiy 
into .Madrid, hvW.Ililtun; tho b«ltlr oftbr 
Nivflle, bv T. lleapliy (which gtvea portnuu 
of noet of the IVnmsalor geneiuU, taken m 
the spot) ; the neecing o? Wt^linfrlon uA 
Bliicuer, by T. J. Barker ; the fiveco on ibt 
Mimi? «uhj'-ot. by It. Maclise, in the IIoum* 
of Parliatii*:nt ; the Waterloo bontjoct, \ij 
W. Halter: 'A I)ial<^UB at Watwrloo,' to 
Sir Edwin LandstH-r (in the National Gil- 
Iwrr); and the la*l rxtum from daty, bt 
r.*W. (ilasft. 

WhiU-lwwttjfnii l^*rd Wegt morlsnd's »t«ff 
at Dublin (17i*0-:i) W^'llington foim&d an 
en^uement nHth Caiherinc Sarah Donitlui. 
till nl daughter of I'Ailward Michael Pakaif 
ham, fecond Immn Jjonfford. by CntlwnWk 
danebter of the liigbt Hon. Hercules Laap' 
ford Itowley. Her family was oppoee<l Vt 
their ntarriage at thiit liuie, and whil* b« 
was in India Mi^s Pakenhnm bad Rmall pox, 
and wrote to releasehim from hietmgs^^aiefli. 
lie declined to be released, and on 1(1 .\pnl 
leOC' they were married at St. Georpi's. 
lluhlin. Tht-y witc not congenial, and, 
though there wnn noformnl Heparatian,tliey 
livitl n good deal apart (Olkig, iv. ^). 
She died on 2\ April l.^'ll, and woa buried 
nt Strath tiehlMive. Thev bad two kkio^ 
Anhnr Itiehard, sccoml (fuke of Wellingtoi 
(A. ;( IVh. ISO;. (/. la Aug. 1K!M), and 
General Charles Welli-slev (A. 18 Jnn! IfW. 
d. i»Oct. 1858), father o'f the pre-aeni and 
third duhn. 

Wellington was five feet nine inches ia 
bttiglit, «piir>.< and muscular, with aijuilin« fc» 
T.iirea and nt-nr-traling grey ^yt^. He U da- 
ecri lied in 1- ebruary 1 1:^ 1 4 as ' remarkably neat, 
and mMt particular in his dress, ci>n«idertng 
hiii situation. He is well made, knows it, ana 
is willing to net off to the best what nnliirt 
ha# bL•^lowe(l * ( I.ABPE.ST, ii. 16:!). •Bp 
had IliM iiiiHt rlniitic unil Njiringr, yet &na 
and reeoltite step that I had ttn seen in ■ 



J 



Wellesley 



S03 



Wellesley 



wa,' 8&Tfl Jnhu Dovlv (El.B.) of bim in 

1832 (ri)tr.K, p. 01»). Hi* artivilv and 
endiiraiKv. pbym^rftl and mL'ntal, w-ert' 
extraordinary. Ilio pni»'rn werp iiiHrl<t:s), 
as Pf«l wid, bj ' mtnpri^liitiii'ivfJit-RH nf 
views, simplicity, and cleamws of expri-*- 
sion and profound «affAcity' (Pert,, li. :>X>). 
Do Qutocvy spoke of bi« ' Ue^iutcheB' iw 
' a nonttnent raiwd to his reputation which 
will co-exiet wiili our Inui/iiuKi-.' chowiu^ 
for tliu first time lo hia cminirjniPii the 
* qujiUty of iiitelluct wliicU liud bt.>uii unjiuK'-*! 
in their pst-rriow" I J'oxl.-wrrijil on tli^ l)uke 
of Wellinj^an and X\m llpium Qii>>atinn). 
Cobbett mi^lit fiiiil tlttws in !■>■ t^rnminar, 
but to & Iftri^r-iuiudhi) rrili<* lie lins the 
H^fl of style, and ' ia able lo stamp both hi^ 
«>eeich and liist bvorinf; with thi; init(»- 
nnabli- iijurk of {^roatiiu^ ' ( Uirrolt, 
Sinrtemfh Cffitury, XXV, 'i'JJ). lit- was 
Dot u good Hpvukdr: hi» articulutimi wm 
indtntinct. Mid liiit dalivi^ry, ' without being 
either liucnt nr rapid, wns singularly i*m- 
nbatic and vi.'b<imi.-iil ' (Ukkvk, p. 1:^7; 
WTAsnopr. Tt. 111). ThiR fltririnft for 
empbaaiB n]aai> liim prone to Hiipvrlaltvtu, 
both in isiM-ftking nnd writin^r. thniifrh no 
one could mea-iun.' lii& vorda betlor vrlien 
be fho<)e. 

Jli« diiof cliaractcriilics were mauliuess 
and public i>piril. Thi> ri:>rni«r showed it««lf 
in his dimplicicy. xtrai^hlforwnrdncM, Mlf- 
reltaucv, imuvrtiirbabk- nvrve, ami Mrengtli 
of will. H»! was lively, biioyunt, and 
quick-lcmpirrcd ; but tomptrr and fvvliiigs 
TMTi! uniivr utricC cunt ml. He was 
' placable becaiiae occasions lisu eo often 
that demand auch ancnlicif,' but lin »omi» 
timea foivot aerrioee n« well^ as tiijuriefi. 
lie n^ptroed his friend« a* po»aiblo <>ni>niitu>, 
hi« encmins as poi^iblv Irit'ndH (Napier, 
V. lH), Uk had 'tin ucltve buay mind, 
always looking; lo the futiirt',' and did not 
dwell luuK oil lovHCH (Larpbnt, i. -ISh). 
jlol only hi.* salOi<>ra, but hia principal 
ollicers and IitS politicjil cuUi-u^iiciii were in 
bi» eveJt in«n- tO'iU for I Un public service ; 
uifl be won their contidcncc and lulmirn- 
tioa rnther ibnn their ai!>-rtton. Hv nought 
ncir.Wr one nor ilieotlior ; hisniTii wdh (o do 
bU duty, to 'satisfy bioiself {l^r'p. 'i'iSnXy 
lfc2l>). The name of * lb«* Iron Duke' is 
said to bavf been borniwt-d from a steam- 
boat (OtGiM, iv. 'Mb), but il iitlAchcd il*<'lf 
to him by it*t Klnes*. V«t ihi^re are iDiiny 
iBstKncvM of his kiudllnt^M and ^tucrtssity 
(e^. to Alavn, Fee Staniiote, p. 'IW), mid 
Mtwmn liim and Charli-s .•Vrbuthuot Ilii-re 
was the truest friendahip (GlkK!, iv. IM; 
OKETILtK, It. iii- 30:J). Hi* wlf-i-jileriii 
made bim very slow lo own himself in thL> 



wraug-, or to admit any infirmity (Olbio, 
iii. Ib7, iv. 1701. As a rule In* toiik no 
notice of reports iilK)iit hint; but when John 
AdiilphiiH inxtanc-d him »* a gambler, h« , 
wrot« to Siiv that 'in the whole oouree of 
bis life he liad never won or loet 20/. ab 
ftny pune ; ' and in replv to n letter of (food 
advice ff.'iu Hetirv I'liillpoHs, bishop of 
Exeter, he iL^urcd bim that \\a was not the 
irreligiuus IiburCiue la- was rvprscmitod to b« 
( De/>i,. 17 S*pl,. 182a, and 6 Jan, 1833). 

As a ^neral he has been Turiouely 
t^limnled. French critic*, following Xaixi- 
loan's Ifad, dwell on his ^ikkI lunb. But 
Thiers sdmiti that if he did not croat« 
nppiirr unities be seizi-d upon those which 
fortune ollered him; and *I propose to 
get into fortune ■» wuv' wa4 a fnx'oiirit* 
phro*'- of bis {ih. 10 l)ec. 1^12). As hU 
motto rail, ' Virtulis forluiia eoui«s.' \Vith1 
some incunSLKti'niiy, thu isme critics lay 1 
HtreHft on hii* exIrvtUH caution, and aoma 
Knfflish writers have it»U)ciated his numo 
will) (hat of Fnbiu*. llnw littbijtirtificatian 
thi're is for this has bpen shown by Napier 
(vi, ItHt; cf. OLKHi, iv. 2H5). He was mucb 
more skill to lliinnibal ihim to Knbiun. His 
cautiou cnme of bin situaiiou. Uy oature 
be was inclined lo dariiijf enterprises, 'to 
throw for victory at nil hoznrds, with a 
coolnoM and self-posseuion that notbinff 
could shake' (Kl'sxkdt, p, 17"). But witn 
bim, a» with Multke. it waa ' vni wiig's, 
iknn WQg's.' ' Nul ne se retidit juniaJs ua 
comptc plus exact di? In porttSu de »ua 
t'ntfq>riai-N, iiitl ne |)r/-p»rn i^l ne [ti£rita 
mieiix SI'S succ^s, nul ne les arrauha plus 
opinialo-iiienV a I'liveugle fortime ' {Lak- 
PliET, V. 377). * Tt inny \m conceded that 
the schemes nf the French emperor were 
more comprfbensivc, his ^'.'tiluR more 
dnxiliiiu, and ki« iinftirinnlioii more vi^-id 
than ^^ ellinj^on's. On the other hand, tho 
latUT execlli'd in that cu<fliie*« of uidgtneut 
which Nupob'on hiui*elf di-acribecf " as the 
foruniDst quality in a general"' (Loan 

UoHKIiTS, p. 190i. 

[WcDiiiKtun's published corrMpondeocD ia in 
tliroo cori'-H : II(upht«hfS, ITOB-ESId, innlndiag 
f!:«<ii(-nil (irvlurs (pel. Gurwood}, 13 tuIs. ]894-9.i 
{•im\ «d in 8 wis. ldH-7); Supplementary 
UnptitcliM. &c., 1784-1818 (ed. his soD], 
10 rulK. I808-72; BcspatL-hea, Ac. t8l9-33 
(imI. hia sod). 8 Yols. I867-&0. Svleciiviis from 
\he lir!>t Hories were pah)i«hKl in IH5I. and 
friim l)i« IndJHti dt^paiches m Id80. Uai^ 
letter* writleu duriiiK Ihs last twenty ysam it \ 
Ilia tifr nra to lie found in the CtekerPapem; 
.Sir KobiTt F**r» pHp«-r» («i. i'rirterl"; T. 
I^aikes's cerrespoadence with him; Lord Rllan- 
baronph's IncUaa Administntitui C^ ImA 




Wellesley 



204 



Wellesley 



OblotMtlor). tlU fpMTlkM in pirliKinviil (m1. 
Uurwooil kmI ilMlilt) »ra in 1 vob. I9AI. Jlia 
miOTPnultoi U rapMltd in K. 8. Xjirvfu'f 
firivnl* journ*!. ihr Orokor I*«t>nr*. iho Urorillo 
n«nii>i'*(|'U. i.nivl 11. \T. lUiV**'" Jountalu, 8. 
ItoRgn'i Uf>colti>ctiD(u \ pp. lOA S'id'l, Lord SniD- 
lii>|ir'* Note* of ci)nr«r«tttiuiw with the I>uk> at 
W«ltiiiirt<'0<IH&l ]M\\ IS89, tmir U« Dm'* 
BmiBlKviifW (r-p- 117-M). i«ir W. Kruor't 
WoritOB WaUlnftitn (inv). wben (p. 66) llu 
origin of tb« Wellington hnal ia uplMBKl; witli ! 
(hv*» mn; Iw itiKntimii) TiniU'i W«lli««onuui*, 
lUJ. (tml Kiul <!• Dnv'i ClianeMlurn IMS. 
Of Win iiikiiy fciofniHiMa, Uw tnott conplaU 
\*i\, |{. lll»iji'B<hMMl iiiionBniilmMM*p).4ToliL 
IIIAH. ilD.liiit It IfxifMniiicbidtMilMlml : ilwu 
mViiIiwI in I8lta. «n<l furilMr in t8U. Among 
llifi (iUht ' )>roa' ma* ba iiixicid Nhvrvr'* Hili- 
Urr Mvmutr*, IH3» (for lArlDu'sCAt). Cjvl.), 
I). N, WriKhlaLifMni)') ('*in|«ij(i». 4 vi>1a I SI I. 
W. It. Maiwrll. I.if., Mi1il*rjaiKlOiril,<>rtb« 
l^uko of W^Uioitiou (|tuh<i>. iait», C. UufAt^ 
litii»'a Mi'iiitiita ii?llvi> |))ilfiif Watlttytan, IB&3, 
A, 11, UrUlmonl'i lEiatoirr i\» Due ■]■ Wnlling- 
iMi, S <roli. 1«6«-T. KtiJ C, I). Yc>[i||«'s Ufv of 
KUl.l MANhaU Iko Ihiko nf WalUiaToD. 11160. 
Tlu< l-o>l Muftrkpliml akatrhw an U. H'xiper'a 
(Noll iif .V'-ti»>ii miHm, 19461, M<J th« oliitoJirj 
nm W (l-T Hanrj Itcer*) in tDo TitnM of U nnd 

l(IHv|<l. illA'i, (), IjiIIi ItroKna'iiWdlington, 

lAHR, ci'iiaivU 'f woll-vHoaMi Mtrwi* fcwD Lha 
dMjMlrhM Biiil otliw hooka. A. UrifBtlm'* 
Wallingtnn Mrnmri'il, 1Sti7 (vllk rrpriMluctioiu 
of At* portnill* nf tli« iluko und one i>f itio 
i]iiali«M). Mid WrllliigioA And W«i»rloo. 18^, 
mr* rlH) iii illi»lrali»iia. Jolra Miiiirara [>ucd<> 
Wnllitiittnti, llniHcla. lH.13, K. H. IUinln/» 
W«llliijt(nii'i L'Arcrr. 18Afl, mid I.0M Ilobrru'* 
Hian of W«>llin0litii, IHttA, nni riiltinlili- •« g0R«> 
ral oaltninina. lit luldilK-n I'l witrk* aWrameo- 
l1anwl,«M ftir ihn (Vninauhr wur : f!irW. N*- 
iJrr'a lllalorf lal. IHU'i); LonI LandotvdcnT** 
kurniUv*; Mir J. .lunra'i Siagaa in Spiiiii («d. 
1819); Portvr'i Ilirtory of thi Ow|M«f Rojn) 
KngliiMni: OorrM|xindMiic« mililAiro da Napo- 
J4on, taiii«a T-ix. ; Lnnft*;'* ll»t<>ira d» Nnpo- 
lion (ttd. lR7n)i Thiarif'a Ili«toirt> du roDialnt 
•Idol'Kmpim J Nii|«.le'oirinMn*ipondfHiN' with 
Joanph. A loiig lint 'if tnrljr w<irlii> on l.hi> «inr 
ia givfii Bt tlia cud i>f ^k>llt)l«7'a llif^lorv. Vnr 
ths Wtttar1oAoii<nt>alKii, »m W ^il-ornc'a llUlnry 
cf tho Wnr ill IHIA, II. T. 8il>.>n>e'i. Wnlvrli.a 
LoUfn; Sir J. ShAW Ktrnnoly'* Notva on ibe 
Buttle of Wiktorluo: Milflliii^'a I'uMgca from 
rnr Life ; roMimniil«irui> dp NajmlAon I, torn* r. ; 
Cnunu* CiimpK^D? dv I8I9; H. HoUBMye's 
tlSIA— Wntortuo : OlWb'i OLVit>liiHiCB<lu Feld- 
ilii|;» run ISl.i ; C. C.Clio»ney"a Waterloo L*c- 
turoa; ItoptVa Ciiinp>isn of WaTerloo, 1803; 
F. Miinric«'fl popew oil Wnterltw in I'nited 
SerriMlfiifptsiDa, April-OclubpT 18011. Afnllc'r 
lilt it gina at pp. 126-30 of Mnnriso'a War. 
Por hit poUtieal r«latioDA, he., sue R. I'saroa'a 
W(11mI4>j ; Sir A. AIImmi's Cuiitl«raiU{h and 
Stewart ; C I). Yooga'a LiTorp>Ml ; K AahlayV 



FhlaNntoD («d. ItTt); — T J' Dwr, 
|«3»J0 («d. ODkbMtarl; " 1 j ilii T 
PrinecM Iii«nB cad Itft<d Givr : lUaMtaq^ 
Anlobumphj ', T. Jbrtn'a I«b«ftk«hiBn 
CMuMTt; F/fca Miiwn Enwya; S-Wab*'! 

pleia Paavagai Dojla'i OMcmI BmbmcI 

E.3LL. 

WELLESLEY or VTESLBT, OAB- 
UETr, lint \'iacorxi WstuBLn cf Duf 

fnn and first KtKLav M MMSUWw a (173.V 
7t*l), father of tliv DvIm of WdlwM 
and th» Marqau WoHaalay, harm on IftJalf 
17.^.wa«thQaan<ifKkkvilCaUifTW#UM- ' 
l«V, fintt baron Homiiqrton i^ . -r.'.^y Elic^ 
belh, eldest danrhtcr of John S&la, mjil « 
of th« diocciw of Hublin. Hp was edoottad 
at Trinitv Collr^r, IfubUn, and endaaiaj 
n,A. in '17&1 and M.A. ia 1767. Ia ibe 
UUcr vear h« waa tkftrd to the trick 
Iloiue nf Commona at -M.P. fur tlur (uailj 
borough of Trim, 00. Mt^atli. but Uia falliaa 
tlvatli in 1756 eaJled him to tho Htnoeof 
LuTtU. On •! Oct. 1700 he wa» advaaeel 
in lhf> pecrajTR. beiop trnuitMl the titles cf 
ViHcoitnt VVoll<-«Ivy of Dan^n CWstb urf 
Karl of Momington. Hp was chi'^T n^ 
markable for hie mueica! talents, wbic^ tv 
rommvndiKlhiui to ibi* favourof (leoipr III. 
At nine yoaro olU ht; had Ivaruml to dUt 
cntchM on the violin, and was tooa art^r- 
irardsablL' tn rake tin- n.vond part indilficall 
votialai'. At fourttt-n ho plavvd both tbe 
harpsiclionl nnd tho orKan, and vrha still 
vouDfT bogiiii to vxl^mporise ftuttea, Hf 
onin|MiSed the glrra ' llerr in coiil grol ' and 
' Cume, fainst nymph.' la I'tM the ^^py* 
of d(K't<)T' of muaic ven* confiirn^ aponoilll 
by Trinity CnHpp^. Dublin. 

Yorninjjtondied on 2'i May I"'*! a! K^n- 
aitiffton.ntid wa* buriinl in ("Jroatrtior Cliapfl. 
South Andley Stre*l. He mnrried.on 6 tcb. 
176H, Anno.dikUfthter of Arthur Tlill (afteP- 
n-nrdtf llill-lV-vor), Dm lueount Dud^- 
non, Sho ia described aaa somewhal coll i 
and etvi>n- wumsn. Sh« dii-d in her nioa^l 
Lii'lbycar on lOStf^pt. IB:il, nurvtving ^ot^^M 
t)u>eu>ryof her aona, RirUard Cnllcv. mai^n^^ 
, Wellealey [a. T.J ; Williiim WelU^ler-ro^, 
I baron MarvDoron^rh [q. t.^; .Arthur, dake 
I of \\'uIlingtonrq.%'.]; Gerald VaWrian it 770- 
I84H^. pnbencfary of l>urham: and litnty, 
firel bartin Cowluy J^q. v.^ I'heir listar 
.Anne <I7<(8-1844) married first the Hon. 
ITenrr FUctot, and seeoodly Charles Cnllia; 
Stnttlt. I^r^ Momin^^n'A tiorlniit it ia 
posAeftainn of the Duke of AVelUnpon. 

[Gont. Hflg. 1781, i. 313; Oilbart'a Hiak of 
Ciljr of Uublia. ill. 198; Wobb'a OmipMul tt 
Irith Biography.) O. Lk 0. X^ 




Wellesley 



205 



Wellesley 



WKLLESLEY, HENRY, Baboh Cow- 

l^r( 177 3-lb47),diploautiBl, born iq;^ Jul. 
1"73, was tbo yotinffest son of Onrrcir 
Wellesley op Wvuej', fir»i *'«rl of Moming- 
l<in [(J. T.], and Anne, dnught^r of Anhiir 
Hill, first vlaentuit I>iuitj;annoa. JIu wu» 
hn)th*'rof Hichnrd Oillfty Wi'lleslcy, niftr- 

3uiH Wnllpsley [(|. T.\ ofArtliiir Wullesley, 
Ilk"' nf \\>llington [n. v.], nini of WillUni 
WeUeslev-l'ole. bumn Marybnrouffti ( fifter- 
iruda third E«rl of MorninRtoo) [i-v,] In 
hw esply yMW ho .vrvcd in th« Rrmy, px- 
cIiUiL'iiig fp'ui 'lie lUtli flint into the 1st foot 
uusraa in April 17Ut. Hie diplomatic Mi¥«r 
begnn with ma nppiiiilnunit «• ■eoEetanr to 
the titockliolin leffittion in Januanr 1^92. 1 
Thre« yean later he was elected to tlit- Irii-h I 
parliament for lli« family borongh nf Trial. 
In Jnly 17H7 he aeonmpanied I<ord Mnlmcg- ! 
bury to Lille a« hvt »ecrpt*ry. Twn inotitlio 
lalt-r hi> futileil fur fndia with his hrotht^r, 
tlien Lord .Momington.ufterwnrds the Mar- 
quis Weliealoy. Bo^idivs t)i^ valuable a«sist- 
ancB bi) gavo to the viceroy as private 
Mcretary, llenn- VWlleslcy while in India 
nndereu aomt' im|]')rtiiiit H{)ucial services. 
Toffirthwr with U\* bnilher. Sir Arthur 
Welledey (afterwarda DultP of "Wt llinj^ on), 
he BCt«d as oit« of lli« ci>mt»:»jii<>ni.''.irM for the 
«MTl>:-ment of Myaorc after the defeat of 
Tipu Saib, and Viat nUvtwunls deKpntchod 
to Ei)){land to give a ilelnilml ucrniinl. of 
th« war and the treatiM which conoludfd 
it. Lord WelleeleT descnb^d him n* ' ni'xt 
to himself most emnpletviy informed on 
thven topic*.' Heury Wcl)e«l<>y left India on 
IS Aug. I7y&, and had rctiimod thitht-rby 
Man^ IBOl, Somi sft>.Tward« ho wa« sent 
to Lucknow to d«?mand from the \ijiier of 
Oude a cession of territory »ulli«i(>ut to 
defray tho cont of thx iiicreajiKi xubaidised 
force which the viceroy liad coat thither. 
It waa also required thai Ihw vixivr sIhhiM 
to hisodminiMmtion net in conformity with 
the £a«t India t'ompany'i iustructinns, \ 
trealT was concluded, and Wollfuh^y waj< 
ap[>omtvd l>cilCUiiaDt-(^>\ernor of Iht- ce^ded 
territory. Thf court of directors of thfr com- 
pany, ibougli ackuHwIedgiug ha vcrvicen, 
reaooted thn iippiiiHtii]t>nC, aa WeUc^Jey wus 
not a meraWr of the wrvi^f?*.-, nuH onlerud 
that he be remiiwd fnrthwith. Hut thwy 
were ovtrruled by thn hoard of cotitrni, who 
pointed out that the 'Judo mission vrns lui 
extraordinary service, nod llmt Wplk-BVy 
had declined all emo'lumeuts except iuf- sAlary 
w privat« aecretary to the viceroy. He r-'- 
aigned the lioutAnant-govtinionibip in .March 
180^, and inimBdiately relurned to Europe. 
la tho following Novetnlittr the directors 
WTO\« lo the Tiovroy a full acknowledgment 



of bit hrothe/fl Mrviova in Otide. Lord 
Wellesley requested Casllereash t^i c^mmu- 
Qic4tt« all hi«ae8palchct8 to Ilenrv Wellesley, 
Bddin)( : ' Bvery part of my couJuL't uiid tho 
whole course of my senliments on ull »u\t- 
jccim nn.' familiar to .Mr. Henry Welluslev. 
in whom I repotte the nmst implicit lunfi- 
denee' (Welloslev lo Costlenja^h, ;51 ]>ec. 
I'itW, cjMot^d by l^KtTtCR). In lhi>suhsiN]iient 
nrticle.i of occupation against the Marquis 
W«^llpBley, his brother's nntae was joined 
with his own, and, in cnnnL-ction with tha 
Oude affair, llt-nry \\'elte«Iey was lba<l>* 
leMly)char^(>du-ithoHmng'alarminp;threata 
and personal iiisuliit' to the vizifr. and with 
imposing llcii^ytaxea niter IhtM^eMiiiin {ParL 
iMatfs, vii. 3&I ; Peabce, ii. UiMil). 

After liift arrival in Kujiliind, Wellesley 
enteir»d upon a abort period of pnlitipal life. 
He «■«)■ n.tliirn*td lit tlin KnglLKli jmrliameilt 
aa member for Kye on 20 April 1807, and 
two ymrs lolerwae also chosen for Athlonc, 
but eksct«d to sit for Eye, During l«0fl-9 
he acted as one of the stwrecaries u> tho 
treasury, and ou '20 Dec. ISOQ was awora 
of thi' privv council. 

InMay lkl9 he bad resumed liindipliunatic 
career, resigning; Uit smt inpiirliam^nr. He 
Hcnninpanied th^ Manjuih ^^ i^ilnslny to Spain 
as secretary to the embii^y. When, a few 
tn«nlliJ* liikT, th" iiiwrnuin n^lunied to Eng< 
land, Hi-nry Wi>lli-.«lt>y t>H)k his place as 
envoy-estra<iriliiiary. On 1 Oct. 1811 ho 
was nnmtiil nmbttSKsdor. Durlnglhe Penin- 
sular war he gnvfl valuable support to 
Wellington. In 181i! he was kniglitud, and 
in January 1815cr(>atcdG.G.B. Ilerlninifld 
t'l have prevented Wellington's dcprival of 
the command of the 8pani.<)h army by 'bn 
ultm-liberal reg(.-ucy : and in J61J prcTaikid 
Wpnn the king of Spniti to nign a treaty 
mliniiuishtiLK for ever the scheme of a 
llniirtiriri ninanci'. .\rti.<r the peace hv con- 
cluded a tr«>aty with Spain containing an 
srticli" by which .\tiglo^Spanish couimereiol 
r*l«iii'nf< werf ri'plnced upon tbn fooling 
ihey had been in l7y*(. Em 1KI7 he uwc>>' 
tioted with th>^ same country a treaty forUM 
ubolitiun of the slave tradu. 

\Vellea!ev Ie» Spain in March 1822, and 
I'U 3 Feb. 1823 was named anibAa^adnr at 
\ itJUim. lie n^mnini^d in AiutrTa for eight 
I years. In AHgiLst li*27 he told Wellington 
that ho tli'.nigbt li(> bad more than once pre- 
vented a rupture bt^twe»n England and 
Austria. But he complained ibat Ciuining 
never recogni*ed his survicts. \\Vl]eah*y'a 
policy towards Austria was prulnbly too 
conciliatory lo pWae that mini<t<^r (>Sir II, 
Wulleidfy to Wotlington, December 1827>, 

In this year, according to Colchester 




Wellesley 



306 



Wellesley 



{Oiary, iij.-ltM), Wellwley refuwd iLtf vic»- 
nyaitir of India. WclliDfrtonnow&ppnAchM) 
Caiinin^'afuccoMur, I^iiru Q<xltfrirli,witb tlw 
»tew of ot>taihiu(( « p^^mgi for hi* brother. 
Od :^l Jan. 1824 N^i'Uealvy woe created k 
pwT, wilh tlio ti(I« of Rarun Cnwlrjr of 
t Welit'sluy. Wtillingtofi anna afterwards 
f*iim""tcfl lib trnnxri.Ttince to Pari*. On 
Palnienitnn't appoiiitmnnt to the fomign 
olticw nt tfas end of IHtU), Cowley offered to 

BUD, and in July IN'^I be Uii Vienna. On 
18 Alarch 1K%^ lie waa named anibwsador 
at Paiis by Poi'l's tory goTernuientr bot 
retired in a' few tlnys wlii-n thi- wtii^ re- 
turned to office. 

He WM nai{>paiati}d by Pe&l in October 
1B41. IVinccM l.i«ren, Wr-ritins 1/) R«rl 
_ Imy on6Ati^. l&41,aMd Coirley^ appoint- 
tnmt 'vrotild b« BKrevable at I'aris, but J«ii.red 
hia bcalth wu too heul (Ovrjvii^. u/ Prini^M 
Liei^n with Earl Grey, ed. Lu Strwi)^, iii. 
S38), H« rwmoinL-d at Pari* for tbo nut of 
hi* life, ibougb be reaignecl bis offieial poii- 
nion ia 1^46, wbcn tbe tori«a weat out of 
Fofficc. 

CowleydieJ nt Pariii oh 'S! Aiirii IS47. lit 
WUB burii-dinfJroHVonorflapt'l, SouthAud- 
li>v Hlnti^t. MiHtrniicb, ilia Auatrian cban- 
cullor, cliArnct«riapd Cowley as a ecraiglit- 
forword man, and aa oite wbo bad a true eye 
for afTftirs. A porlrait of liim was engravi'd 
after a paintirif^ by Jolm Hoiipnt^r, in tlic 
poMeasion of tbe Duke of Wellington. 

Cowk-y WM twio' miwried. His flr*t 
wife, Charlotte, JniiKliitfr of Ctinrb^a Sloatu-, 
first MLr1Cadoi^D,wboinbun>arrLL>d in \WS, 
vriu divurct-d uv act "f prlmiuL'nt in ItJlU, 
mtUa an action for (^rimiiint ronremation, in 
which Cowli'T ubtaini'^1 '2i,')00l. datnaiti-s 
frnin Hunry Willinm l^^g■^t laft<'rw)u-(i« Mwr- 
qnisof AnglpMy)fq.\\], whoinarried liertlie 
enniQ year. By lii» fimt wife f'owU'v had 
thn>e »ons and a doiightiir, I'liarloi t» .\rbutb- 
not, wlio married Kohert (Itnsvenor, fimt 
lord Ebiiry. Tbe t^ldi^ist son, Henry Itifihui^ 
■Jlpurl(.'». uorl Cowlt-y, iu separately noticed. 
Tbe sewind wife was Gi^or|;iana Oharlott*' 
Augusta, uldi?sl dauffbt^T of Jnnios Cecil, 
fin«t in»n[uid of Sidisbury. She diwl at 
Hfttfipld nnlSJim. lf<l)0, ItavingudauffhtBT, 
fiijorgianaCharlottuManr'.wlnjniarriwdWil- 
liari lliinry I,yll/iii KrtHo Biilwcr, baron 
DaUin^ tinu Bulwcr [q. v.] 

Cowlev'a third bod, (Jrhalr Valerias 
Wkixkblbi (1S09 18*2), dean of Windsor, 
was eduf^ated at Eton and Trinity C'-olle^, 
Oambridije, wherti bu grnduatiMl M.A. in 
I8;K). He tcKik bcilv urdtsis, and frotu 183(1 
to l?>fl-l held the family livinr nf Strathlield- 
aayn, llampshirQ. In IH^'h \w was nomi- 
nued dean of Windsor. lie had been (|ueen 



.9,an4 

jtoaflbJ 

r b9^ 

.part- 

i 



Victoria'a damfstic chaplain since 1849,an4 
from that lim« lirpd on tM-nu of intit 
with the niral family. The qiucn _ 
■|i»n»or to bis »nu, and a portrait of 
hangH in th« v«8tibal« to tbi? prirato apart- 
menta of Windsor Castle. li« di'.<d 
Hatlewood, near Watford, on I7S«pt. U 
Tbe IViiicv of Walc« attended lufi fune 
Wellesley married in I8&> Mat;dal«n Mr 
agu, ihtnl daughter of Lord XCokeby. _ 
oalv »"n, Albert. \'icior Artlinr, waa boni 
iu July 18C5. 

[Doylr'sUtVial Ilarooage: (i. E. Cfokaymft 
CoDiptotfl I'avmgn , BurW* PMrafi*; Ana. Res. 
1847, App. (u Cbroa. pp. t2li~« ; Prmrttt 
Memoin of the Mitrqnis W«llMl«jr. vols. i. ii. , 
WelHnjEloa Cnrraspandfnoe, aI. Mtmnd dnka, it, 
72-3, 162-7. 171. -l^Il-'l, 196. lt(V; Uett«mich'i 
Hamoirv (Iruanl.J, ir. tTJ. 117: (irerille ^omoiB, 
■WW ed. vi. :iO, 37. Cowlej'idmpgttrhMloCutW 
nwRh while in ^!pa>n are in CuclarMlth'i Cw 
rtep. vola. ix-sii. : leciers lo W^tlMley aad 
WoUiDKtoii, 1809-lV. iu WcUiuttton Snppl. D«^ 
paicbsa, vol. ri,, nad to the lattei in ludin in 
Gnrmod, rol. ii. 8«e aliu Timoe, 19 Sept. 
1882; Illiutr. LocmIod News, 23 Sept.. vitti 
portrait.] O. La O. N. 

WELLESLEY, IIKNKY (I79l-18«H, 
ecliokr nndiintiijiiary, bomin 1791, wastiu 
illegitimnto »onof Kichanl Coiley WeUeil?;, 
marnnli WVllf^tley fq. v.] He matncnlaio) 
on if Oct. 1811 froniOhrifltri]un-ii,Oxfoni, 
wliur«b?betda«tuiIcnt«hipfrom lKlltoll^% 
eraduaiinir B.A. in l?iI»(,M..\. inlHIB, and 
H.ll. and D.l). in |Ki7, On 'JO June ISW 
be became u atadcnt at Lincoln's Inn, bo 
bavins been ordained a minister of ibi- tuc 
lish cuurch he was appointod siuy»>««ive 
vicar of I'litton-wilh'Oilsoi} in B«dfor 
on 'i .Sept. 18:?7, rector of Uun»fold in Sunar^ 
on 1 Nov. 1833, and rector of Woodmancoiu 
in SoMBit on fi JunolSItft, nutigtiinjj tbe larf 
in 18(10. He was also rector of HuntaoB- 
ceatix in Suasax at the tim* of bis deatli. 
In l^liiho WAS nnminateil vico-principalof 
New Inn Hall, Oxford, and in I ki 7 was made 
principal by the Diikc of Wellington, thfii 
cbntn.-elloroftbtiimiveiTiity. While principal 
he lilled the office of university pnnckttr. 
Wellesley waean Accompli»bud scbnlar, well 
rvud in both niirJent ana modem litenUuv- 
He waji a member of the Su8»<k .\rch;eolo 
caL ^ocii'ly from ita foundation in L6i8. 
the timf-ofbii* death WellRsley was act 
of the Bodleian Library, of the univer 
ffalleries, and of the Taylorian loalituLiQ 
Hi' died at Oxford, uamarried. on II 
1866. 

Wulk'sk-y wiLS the author of ' Stray Note 
on tb« Tfjcl of ShaltMpeare,' I»ndoii, IE 
8to. He edited ' Astnologia Polyglot!* : 



Wellesley 



207 



Wellesley 



selectkin nf \''orsion8 in varinuG Languues, 
ohivilf Tram tli«Qre«k Antholott^,' Ixtncion, 
1840, 4to; ftnd ptihlUlted 'Cunxone in Wh 
<li J)eU« Doniia ag^iuiitori uit B<in»ttn " fallo 
p^r uno ch' cm in gmit fortunu." Componi* 
nivnti To»CBui ilol »wolo xiv. iliiti iti luci> 
dtd »o*tow E. WpllesUy,' Oxford, J8--.1, 
8vo. Ut> Hleu cuDtributtHl tbrwi? pniivn on 
locnl Anli(|uitiiM to tbe ' Utillix^tiona nf the 
8tia&ex Amhieologtcal 8ocietjr (iiJ. 232, v. 
S77, ix. 107). 

[OmiL Mag. 186fi, i. 440; Fosler's Aliuuni 
Oxim. I715-I8M ; Fortcr'n Index Eecleii.; Lin- 
coln's Inn Rsi^orda, 1896. ii. SS: Altibonu'fi DirL 
ofBogLLiU; Meu of tbwTino, I8GA.] 

K, 1. C. ] 

WELLESLEY. IIENXIV UICUARD 
CHAHLKS.fint KiEiCowtBV(,lJ>H+-iK84), 
bom in Hertford StrwGt,Miiyfuir, 011 17 Jnno 
18W, WM »Uif«t son of Iloiiry WVUeMlev, I 
firit bflpon CowIpt [a. v.] He vraa wlucated 
at Oxford, matricnliititig fmin Ilrnnvnow; j 
Colliyge on U Jftn. lH:>^,and, Like bi.« father, 
•dop1«d a diplomatic career. Natural abili- 
ties, combined with family nnA uncial aclvan< 
lageti of a narked ordvr, inadti easy the 
varly atafiHa of bis progn/jiH. lli- tirst becamo 
an Attache at Vienna in Oclobi-r 18:^4, aud 
msM-d ibruu^b vnmitiiiitiibotdinat^ )t'''"J<^"*' 
Tlie llaewfi, Stutlgnrt, and Coiutantinnple. 
Oo 29 ]'«b. Itj4^tiu vnni appoiiUtKl iiiiniat<-r^ 
~~ lipotrntiary to tlnr conftwlpjsU-d Swiss 
JPBtnn9,and in July )it> was Benton a special 
tiilWion to Frankfurt, in r}r<li'r to watili ibi^ 
procM-dl!l«i of tlio fliTninn parliaratjil, whiph 
WM tb«n,xtIt>Mg at the I'aiilskirche, and 
waa Mjpaifpd in tbt- atti-mpt to draw np a 
pcnnaii'-nT coiiBtitutioii. Oti 1 .March l^^l 
Lvr wA-i niai]e a K.t.'.Ft. and on 7 June ap- 
pointed i-DToy ustraonlinary and miiji!<l<*r 
tJj lb" 0<'miHnic- i-j(irifi-(l<'nition at KrAtikfurf. 
The Earl of Normanby. who bad succfi'^dcd 
the first Lord Cnwlcy n$ nmbniuailor in 
Pftrii(,r«'tirftdfroni thni'mba-wy in Irt-W. I^rd 
Oranvillp had just suco»-edpd t" tln.i foreipi 
office, on the rctircm<-nl of Lord PalmtTHinn- 
kAlT hi" qiiarnd with l^ord Uu«**ll in I80I 
[m^ arts. Teiiple, IIesrt John, third Vis- 
count PALVBittrroir: Ui'speli^ 1,okdJohx, 
6i*t KAltl.J.nnd on fi Fub. IBT^li he mtbor un- 
•xpeetAdly annointed Cowlny to tbo vacant 
enibassT at J'ari*. Thnr* il(iy» [irovitiualy 
Cowlfy biid bwii tnntl'' a prm- councillor. 

TInj appointmeut at thv tira>' ■.•xcitwl wmi.' 
aatoniaboM-nt, n* tbi; world hail vi-t to diA- 
eovor eLo sterling abititici which lay con- 
cwaled under lh« quiet mnnnrr and inio»- 
tentaliou^ cbaracti^ of tbb now auiba^sador. , 
Cuwley nrriviMl in I'ariii just two mouths aftt-r 
thfl iviup tfitat of ^Dfc. I%1. which lurni-d ' 
the republic into the vuipn-, and he rvioaiued I 



ibprvtUI l^. Mir term of olIici> coincided, 
tbi-n-foTR, with tbi? givatpr jwrt nl" the reign 
of Nanok'on 111. lie had tb<> diHlriilt taak, 
immfdiaifU alter hie arrival, of repre»vnting 
Great Britain during tbi- cxt'iTcmont in both 
countries which Pjllowwi tbi- wufi tfital -, 
and soon afltrwarda had to bear a promiueut 
pare in thu ironiplicat--d noguliotitms con- 
DectM with the t-antorn i]uiittion, wbtcli 
prt^'O-'dud the ('rimoan war. Togethfir with 
tlw Karl of Clan-ndtin, then minijfter of 
foreign aHairti, bit rpprtta^tntod Urt«t Kritain 
at thi- Paris congrvM, which tt>rniinaCed the 
war in 18)*i6. Itc also took the leading nart 
in the BubacqiifiDt negotiatioiu caiueo by 
diRicultioa of dc?tail iu regard to the wttla- 
tnunt of iho now Ik'ssarahian frontitr, by the 
union of Waltiu^hia and .Moldavia into om- 
state ; tht' question of tho luivigatian of thf! 
DiuiubH ; jind otbiT cillatnral |MiintH con- 
nected with the politics of thm-aflt of Kurope 
which nnitw out of thf treaty of I'arie. 

Cowley was one of thi-. negotiators of tliu 
famoUB 'duclaration of Parts/ signed in 
March 18A6, by which the European powers 
agreed ijiat privniiifriog iihould be abolidiod; 
that thf ueutraJ lia^ ahould in future exempt 
goods, vicupt coutmbiuid, from cu^iturv; and 
that blochadea hiukI bn pIThcIuuI in order to 
bo n-cognispd. In 18.57 he was aoltt Rritinh 
pli!ni|totiintiHry for llw concluision of the 
pfuCH with IVrnia, which wasni^ut'd at IVris 
on 4 March of thnl year. He was created 
Kar! Cowli'v and ViwTinint Dangaii oq4 April 
I'y)7,after<li'clininK t-bii offer of a peerage in 
the previous year. It was immediately afler 
tbew ex*ents, however, that hia mettle as a 
di^ilomaiiHt was put to thesevereal test. Ou 
14 Jan. t.)r<>ini made his attempt tODUirditrthu 
empepjr of the Fruiiuh. Cowk-y's t-unduct at 
the critii^al mommit which foilimrmi in tbu 
rehil ions of Great Itritoin an<l I-'rance alfordcd 
a conniiicii'iu* proof of I hi' itirtii«>nce which 
bo had aonuin'd at thf- Tuilerioa. 

On 20 Jan. l»r>8 Count Walewski wrote 
a despatch to M. do Persigny, tho French 
ambaasador in London, R-tlectiug upon the 
conduct of England in affording deliberate 
countenance and ahuller to mun by wltoee 
writings '"asaaittunatioii was eh^vuted into a 
doctrine openly prrnched and rurriwl into 
practice by reic.i>cttt»td at ttn'ks " upon ihv p«r> 
son of the French fioven^ign ' (NIabtih, iv. 
|R(I), I'tilrnorston and Clarendon t bought it 
wise to make no written reply t^ thi.* com- 
munication; and contented tbemiifilves with 
instructing tin: ambassador in the first in- 
stance to make a verbal rvply. Unfortu- 
nately, W'alewski's despatch had been accom- 
panied by the puhliciition in tho ' Monitour' 
of addreiMus tu the emiMgror from officers of 




Wellesley 



ao8 



WcllcsIey 



the Freneh army, calling for The iav&Mon of 
Eiigl&iid u a u<?ai of bngand* ami Bas4Sftui». 
Tiit> irritation th»r«bj prodaced in EogUad, 
followud by tliv acktiuvrlctlvrnffnt tlint tb« 
dupalcli <>^ (Viiint NN'aUwshi hK<1 pt-rhiipii 
been iuxen1«d in a too quiet mauuvr, U-d to 
tb« fall of Ijiird i'nlmfraton'a (^veniiii«nt 
OR chff neonncl n>ii(ling it( a hill lutended to 
stiengtben tbp taw of cunspimcr, whicli on 
tlifl mat rrnding hml itfvn carrit^il by a Tttnr 
Ifttve m^ority. That iha ilanserous con- 
dition of adnira produced by tnoM orenta 
did not dt;vulo)r into MmMFtbingarayer, was 
mainly uwtug to tlie tact and judglDAnt 
of Oowley. Wnlcwski ww induced by htm 
to vxpUin iiwiiy i!i<i linfortuiiate exprMcioiu 
of hiB df^spntcn, and to statL' tlitt tbu ad- 
dnssee of th'.* army Imd lH?na piibli*]ied in tbit 
' Voniti'ur' in ignnmiice of some of the ex- 
prosBioDB -which th«y cutiinint-d. Ilrilisb 
opinion, ftlrcadypftJilv satisfied by tbe fall of 
ImtH I'tiliU'nton, bad meanwhile hud timv 
to reiiliiie thni tbu law of conspiracy diii 
roqulrc stivagtheuiag ; and the excitement 
in brttli (■ouutries gradually cooled down, 
ifU-T a miniKliriul txplaEiation on VJ Marcb 
IHW in jinrlitinieiit. and tbe proaentntioii of a 
deAnnti-hfromCowk'y to Clnxvndou by I*ord 
Malmesbiiiy, who w«« now wttcnttury of itat*;. 
In thi>t di-«par.cb bflexplatned that, though hn 
bad not been cbargiet^l to multn niiy olficial 
Communicatinn totlt^l''n'^ckffov<!m^ll■nt,h<■ 
hsd beon enabled by ].onl Clartodon'o pri- 
vate io*trucliona ' to plawbeforpllie French 
government the viwwn of her raajeety'e 

Evummuul far more fully, and I cannot but 
Lieve tar more aatiafoctorily, than would 
have hvvn ibo case had my laniruaev been 
clothed in far more otficial parb' (MAfiTlS, 
tiffofthfi Prince Consort, iv. l««-8; Me- 
moim of an Rr-Afinixfrr. pp. 4 lS-30 : TIas- 
BABii, Pari. t)ehaU9, ntjw scr. vol. clix-) 

In FebrtiBril.'Sriit Cowboy wosdiarced with 
a highly confidt-ntial mission to Vientia, in 
the hopeofbeini^ able toarmiijii.ta mmUBLtou 
in f«gnrd to the difft-rpnctia between France 
and Austria (cf. Part. Paptrf, 1S6!>, Lord 
Cowley to Lord Malmenbiiry, 1 Jan. IftfiO; 
Mtmotn <ifan HvMinUt^r, pp. 167-02, ■lt(&- 
473). The nii«*ii>ii wo*, however, foredoomed 
trt failure, na the war pu,rty bad not the upper 
hand in Paris (.\Uktis, iv. 391,404; (iUB- 
vtLtK, '2nA ser. ii. i23), Immodiatoly aftor 
theflignatureof theprl'l^nliIl«^if^'ll^p<■aCl■l^^^- 
tween the two hollvf^renta at Villafranca, 
tbu mvat4Uiou8 negottutione which followed 
plaOM a aeveie atmin on the abiliTioR and tnci 
of the Britiflh amboHador in I'aris. Public 
opinion on the British fide of iHl' Channel 
complained of tbu unurmouB naval and niili- 
taiy preparatiom which continued on the 



French aido, and asknd against whoa 
wcT« DOW intended ; while on the Fnac^ I 
complaint wAAmadf of the coDat4Uitlyinena»- 
ini; mistrust displayed by thvtrold Crincaa 
nlly. The viiluntivr tnovemcnt, iHiliati><! ia 
]!)&d, wa» the outwant manifeatatian <d 
Briliiih anxifly at tbecontitirntal »ituatian. 
The peace of Villafranca had practically Ifft 
the qiieatiouB which had canned ihe war b^ 
tween France and Austria unsettle lod 
op^n. The wishes of Italy heraelf a» to b«r 
future had not been eonsult'od, and the whole 
puniuaula wan n|Ndly aioking into a state 
of anarchy. The emperor grup<^ at thr 
idea of a congrew to mtllo the nitiiatioa 
wliiiJi ho had cnrated but wua unablv to tn- 
tninate. and thereby hoped t« be abb- to ii^ 
himself fnim Ibo almo«t hopeleve imbregho 
into whi4>h h» poliry had driftetl. ttnt it 
soou apifeared tfiat, among other pled^ 
he had given an und^Ttaking at VUlaCraaca 
to the emperor of Austria not to pKM nteh 
a proposal, lie »uggesl«l, however, that ■ 

Lropoeal lo the same efTvcl ifaoald eoinc tttm 
lundoi), in which caae be promisMl to vuppatl 
it. It was Cowley's painful dut^* to aoggnt 
in diplomatic laiiguagHiknl Auch a course wu 
ono which ' honour ^rbado Great Itritain to 
undvrtako '(Marti .v, v. 475). In langua^ iif 
mingled lirmneAH and c*ntirt>'ayheproeeeded Id 
point out how impoeeible the constant ahift- 
inga of the imp«<riftl policy made it for hi- 
government to Mtablifih any ponnnneot hoU 
on the good n ill of the Ensliah people. lU 
d welt more pan i (-idarly on "h la majeacy'a md- 
d«n intimacy with Itussia aAer tho Crineoi 
war; his sudden ijuarrcl with A UjA.ria ; the 
vijuaUy sudden t^nninatiou of l be war, which 
made people suppose he might winh to rarrr 
it elaewhere ; iho extraordinary rapidity with 
whii^h the lale arinametit« had been made: 
the at tuntion which hod been d»vt>t«d to the 
imperial navy, ilx increase, nnd the report of 
theoHval commi.tiiion, which showed plaiolv 
that the avigruenlalion was directed againU 
li^ngland:' mil Knglnnd, ho ioaiated, coald 
D«v<^r allow her naval aupromscy In W 
weakened or doubtcrf. ' Let the 'emparar 
appeal,' hu vaid, 'to Ihe commtm-eenap of 
the Kngiiith ptople b}' factit rathor than by 
words, and he would soon see mmmop sonir 

fet thit l^ler cf xtupicion' (LordCowleT to 
^pd J. Unssell, - Aiy. 1869). 
A aerious feat lire ot the situmtioB wad Uk' 
distnut which the conduct of theempenr 
inspired in Ihe two leading statcemen of 
England, Lord Palmerston and IjordJoha 
liuAscU. Tli« BUgg«>«t4on that Samy anJ 
Niee should be aumendered to t'rancei axid 
that the siirn^nder should be recofmiwd as 
the price of i-'rench oonMmt to the anoe 




Wellestey 



309 



Wellesley 



tionof till- lulian duchieH to tie kingdom 
uf Italy, was ^titier&Ujr telt not ouly tu be 
iiicon>iiit<-nl with thn d«clftnttioii umde bv 
ibo t^tnpror when raDuneneing the Ute war, 
but HM pmbiiblT oniy s pn-lrniinnry to fur- 
ther •Itoiapti' on tile pnrt of Franco to e\- 
tvtid her frontiers and tkervbyeiidangvrtbff 
peace of Eitropo. Tlii'«cvi(;w8were forcibly 
placed bj' Cowley bcfon? the emperor m 
«n intenriew ob 1) I'eb. 186U (Lord Cowley 
to Loixl Ituuell, 10 Feb. lt*00, Mabtix, 
V. 31), In (he onurAe of tbis conFersalion 
iiu suoeoud^ iu oxtrncl ing frum tbu iinpvrar 
an acknowl«dffim'iit tlmt be CDiutiilorv)! Eitt 
had obtained from Ck>unt f ATonr before the 
war a consent toUlifSUrrt.mdvrof Saroy und 
Nice, if the resnit of the war nhoiiM be to 
cri'ate un Italian State of ten or twelve mil- 
lions of inbn.bil-fmts. But tbi5 ndouMuon did 
not tend to conciliate [hoM> wbo critictsed 
the im]>crial policy for want of straightfor. 
wftrda«8S. Cowley ai tUie time wa« also 
occupiedas joinl-pltmipiiteuliarvin aani^tiuf; 
Coboon in tlie negot iai ions for the treaty of 
Camuufrce BhIwi-kii limat Krltalu and Krancn 
(Mabtlv, v. ii. 350), the Biiocass of which, 
aa likvly to camvnt n good itndi>ntandiuK 
between the Tv.-n cniintne»nn thi^ i»nlid hasia 
of matt'rial intere>'t, wa« an object be had 
ereAtiy nr. hf^art, 'I'he f rcraty wa* ttig-ncd on 
2S Jan. 1>**M). A letter which the emperor 
wrote convi?rin|i his congratulations on ihw 
BiMiOMS of thme tuf^tiatioiu well illiistrati?s 
tb« dilEcnUies with which at thi* pvriod ihv 
British ambassador in Paris bad to contend. 

* It ia my profuuud cinviciiuu,' tlie umpurur 
wrote to Cowley, ' tliat the haruioniruMmttrin 
of tho two uai.ioEip is indispttnsabU- for thu 
j[Oodafcirili.'utliijn,iindtFiat Uii-iTiLtLCii)fi.)nis[n 
wooldbe a calamity to all. While .Haying' 
this, I would aak jtm, my dtwr Lord Cowley, 
to forgive roe if oa^atiionatly I gi\i- to'i warm 
«n exprMsion to the pain I fefl at sui-ing the 
aiiim(»ittti4 and priMudicofl of anotht^r agt- 
«pring up afresh in Knglaud.' The ulluaiun 
WIS to Bomc obscr^'ations which a ftw davs 
before hud b«M>n addrosiiod by him to tlie 
British ambassador at a nonn^rt uL tlii< I 
Tuilaruw. Those obaerrutions were not 
onljr unuaual in tb«ir vivacity, but still more 
nnnsuat from h^iinf^ made in the preccncc of 
tJie Russian nmboKMador, Qenent Kiaseleff. 

• Ijfird Cowlpy had at onco to chfwk the fiu> 
tber proffKSH of ri'marks in a direct ion 
Alrvady uifEoiently danj^croiis, by saying that 
he oontidered Uimtwlf juxtiiiud in cullinfif iho 
Mnperor'satU-ntion lo the unu-iiial ci>nr%f in.' 
bad adoptc<l in indiil^ng, in thu presenr<! of 
the Ituaaian ambauadur, iti iutiniiidvt<niun 
on the conduct of England ; ' and ' he np- 
pokled lobim to consider whether he bad 

VOL. LI. 



be«n properly dealt with, remembering the 
personal nifiard and the anxiety to smoolb 
ovi^r diliiciilttn bc^twet-n Ihu two gnrern* 
inuuts which in hia uflicial capacity be had 
alwayit nliown, rvcn al tli« risk of exuosinif 
himaelf to be simpeded of being mom French 
than be ought to be.' C'owli>y then pro- 
, cenli'd to jii.«ify ihii difilnist occasioned in 
I England bv the conlriulicrory language of 
I the t-mperor in having stated that be mcdl- 
; tat^ no spttcinl advoiiCages for France, and 
in af^4>rwards having to acknowledge that 
I orerturev had pi>sitively boon made by bim 
to Sardinia bffore tbn war for thu eventual 
CLiMuon of Savoy ; and hu dwelt on the 
Miixttfty ihccnjitoni^d by bis liuving n.H)pened 
tho que.>ition of what were the ' natural fron- 
tiers ' of Fmnce. 

The emperor woa not able m queation 
the wisdom or deny the goodwill of the 
apenker; [Leither, as the biographer of the 
prince cousort ob«erveat ' was it in the em- 
peror's character, in which candour to an 
adverfary formed a largu elemttnt, to resent 
tliom.' Aiid thus this strange incident tt-r- 
ininatud, which ac one moment, as Lord 
KusmU n-nitu to ihn <iiieon, threatnutid U) 
huar 'a disagreeable resBin bianco to other 
seines nln.'ady fnmuiix in tho Iiistory of 
Naprilt'on land Napnh->on III' (the Queen 
to Lord Russell, 10 March 1860>. Oowie/ 
rficeiTtx] A ript^cinl despatch approving bis 
conduct in the dilGcult circumatanoefl in 
which he had bwn placed ( MahiiN, Li/e ^ 
thf iVinne Conmrt, v. V. (3). 

The reconlj of ' la diplomatie inlitue' are 
always among the most laborious for the 
biographer tu invuaLigatc, espucially iu re- 
gard tn the hi-ttory of comparatively recent 
events, and ihu materiola are us yet nut 
fullv accessible for awcrtaining • tho oxtenl 
of l^rd CQwle\''s direct and personal in- 
llueuce in shaping the history of his timv ' 
( nW*. JtJy l88-t) after 1861, when be was 
occupied even more coostantlv than before 
in smoothing down tho international dangurs 
eaUHcd by the h<.'sitnling temperamentof the 
I'n'ncli i-mperor, anxious at one moment to 
juali/y the ohrase, TEmpiru c'uet la puix,' 
antl Hi ano(!t«.ir lu vindicate tho Napoleoni<^ 
traditions as to the natural ^ntiers of 
Fr&Doe ; and wishing to satisfy at oiiv and 
the same time both his own genuine goodwill 
for the cause of Italian unjly and also tho 
clerical poasiocs of thL< iulluentinl Election at 
his court, which woa dutvrmiued to maintain 
the tempoml soverei^ty ol' tho popu over 
what remained uf tho fltaCM of the church. 
The abortive proposala for a European con- 
grftw which the emperor renewed in 1S63, 
the desire of Italy to aoaex Vviu&e and to 



WcUesIcy 



3IO 



Wcllesley 



ib Bomo u&apitAl, the full of ttw kiiifr- 
Son of NuplN, the viiwditioii or Gnrilmliii 
which end«! at Aapmin'iiili-. tin- Sc!il«swig^ 
Holtt^Q war, the Aiiiitru-l'nueiaa war of 
1866, the invAtion nf Alf xJcn, )tn<] thn con- 
BtftDt iitttmiptiK nf the finpemr In obuin sone 
rartilirat ion nf thr (■■^'if-ni fmntipr of Franco, 
kept lilt' lianda of Thr< Itriii^ ambosMidor at 
Pari* iMDstantIv full dnrinft the' r«inaindwof 
hiH Mtivn cjirwr. If ih*- (Aip of the Frwach 
empire di<I not sootiT Mrilte ibe pocki on 
which it iillimatciT foiiDdnvJ, it wu in no 
amall degree owing to Uii> wise coannila of 
ttio British ■mbooujlor and of hu old fihiel, 
Iiord CLarundoii, wbo had a^^in jain^ llta 
cnlnnet in 1B&4, iind at tlii* vnd of IBUTi 
retiimptt to the foreign office, when Lord 
ItunM-Il had bt^come prime minigtCT on thf> 
death of Lord Palm^nton. la the opinion 
of C'lmpetCDt peruDA, Cowli'.y'e retirement 
from the embuMV in 18H7. followed by th*" 
death of Lord Clarvndou in LH70, were poleni 
catuea in ha«t«ninfr ttu> probaUr inovitabic 
conflict between France and Gennany hy 
depriring tba empMor of two adriwra who, 
owitif U) lon^ ar^iinintuncv, wen nblo lo 
put before Iiiro uiili a crrtain familiarity 
what othura had i-itbt^r an intereat in oon- 
<^alinj{ or wnn- afraid to spenk. Wbon in 
18fi7Cowlpyretiri'dfromtliel''reiiph(Tnbafl8y, 
adiploiiiDitic hnnqiivt wae|(iTOo in Lie honour 
hy the Manjiiiii di* Momftinr, iDiuiRfer of 
forngn afliurs. In replying ro the toast of 
bin lifiiUh tb« iimlmmndur paid a tribute to 
the unceasing elTons which hail hern madi> 
by \apolK>i) III ii> promote ipiod relation* 
faetween France n n ri Kn f^land ( Timet, 1 July 
1884); and tbnt thiA wan truuof the emperor 
persanallj will not: now be doabtM. ti 
was noticed a> riniinouii tltat tht- nwwB of 
tha tragic df*tli of the I^^miiemr Miutimilian 
rviched PariH uu ikc ver}' day on which 
Cowley took leave of ]ii» colleftgiiM at tlii> 
baoquof. 

In IPCS Cowley iiii«;x]>i>ct©d[y Iritieriled 
tbo eetnio of Uray'rot, near Chippt^nliatn in 
Wiltvt!nr<-, by Wqiii"*! from bin enudin, the 
Earl of Momingtnn, who had dic^l child- 
leM. The dipIoDTntic tact of the amboAMdor 
WOH perhaps n^ver more needed than when, 
almost eimultaneoualy with ihv announciv 
ment of thu h^jqur^t, be is Hfiid lo liarr- rv- 
ceived an invitation lo Draycot from thp 
WStet of the late earl, who luit at oil «n- 
natureiUy had uAuini^d het-nelf to be Lord 
MomiQgton'a lucoewor in the propprty. 
CowI«y was nominated 0,C.B, on 21 F«b. 
1853, and K.U. on S Feb. l»&6, and on 
Hi June 1*70 he received the honorary 
degree of D.C.L, from the univerjiity of 
Oxford. He died at Draycot on 1^ Jnly 



he 






1844. *I never knew a man of btisineu «i 
uatunUly i^iAed for hi* profe^ioi),' »ajd LinJ 
MaIm«abory, who bad twicn oecttpied the 
foreign oHloQ in the p-riod coi'vrcd oyOow- 
ley'a embaaay. * S(riii)ihlforward hiraaelf, he 
euily dUcovered guilt' in othiTs who aouglil 
to deoeirn biro, ami this wax wp11 Icnn 
(0 BUcfa'(.V<nn«r(A^nM K.r-.y{iniM(er,pA\^ 
On *a Oct. I8SS CowIpv marri«d OHa 
Civilia, second daughter of Cltarl ou^.baronpn 
de ItoB, aod Lord flenrr Fitzgerald. * HfT 
knowledge of the world, of focirtr. and of 
courU ' liot a liuW actisied him | i6.)t e>p^ 
ciallr aa theae gifia nealniUsed the efliscta 
uf toe dillidene« in gvm-nl toeiety whioh 
occoaionallv hampervd Uowler'a diplotnalic 
abOidea. gfae died on :?! April 18^. Cow- 
lev waa 8UCC««de<) in his titln by liia aon, 
Lientennnt-oolonel William Henry, Tisonoot 
Dangan, who hod scrv«<<l with distinction in 
the Crimean war and thf Indian mntinf. 

[Man iu*aLif»of the Prince l'on»on; MAlm»- 
bary'a Memoirs of an Bs-Miniatar, which eoo- 
loin nwuj letters aoJ dBMal«h«* fnta Lon) 
Cowley: Aihle/fl Lifa of Ixml raltBentaa; 
Wolpoie'a Life of Lord Hamuli : Grerilla Ue- 
muini, ini «er. voL ii. The Parliomentafy D^ 
baiM in liotli Hovsaa, aapedBUr daring 1S5 
eoBtain nntnenoi rafara nee a to Lord Cowle' 

WELLESLEY or WBSLEY. W- 
CHAUD(X>LLEY, first Baeox Mouvrxa 
TON in tlie peetagi; of Ireland (161X):-175B]^ 
born abmil IfiiK), wii» tlie younfRiSt aoti, T 

eventually the heir, of ReturColieyofCti 

Carbury,'KiIdar*, by his firrt wif*. Mary, 
daughter of ^ir \\'illiam Uaher of Dublin. 
The family of Cowley, Colley, or Cooley, wa» 
probablv of Et^fludi origin, and has been 
rariouuy stated to have come from Uuttasd, 
Stofibrdabire. and Cilouctstorehirp. The la»t 
appears thu most probable; but therv isvnb- 
ulanlially no evidence. They were settled m 
Ireland early in tliesixteonthccatun-. Robert 
Cowley or Colley (<f. IA43) was the fiiu of 
the family who is recorded to have settled t& 
Ireland; be was faailitF of DoblJn in I&IA. 
His grand»nn. .Sir Hewr Coller (rf. 1881), 
woa knighted by Sir Il^nrr hidaer, loni 
deputy of Ireland, in Mnyt, was callea (o the 
priTv council, and rwcijived the grant """ 
Casl'te Oarbnrv, Kildartr, in 1503. This 
Henry's son, ntao Sir Henry Collar (d. hiST} 
mocirtsi large grants of land in Wexford ' 
1617. Hiaaonand sucoonsur, Oudl'jy Colli! 
id. Iil74),acomn)ii«t»ier nndrr tb" I risk 
of aettlement, was the firvt Lord Morning 
ton's grandfather. 

llichard Collev graduated at Trinity Col 
le^, B~\. in if ll and M.A. in ITU. ~ 
1713 be was appointed secoiid chant 



Wellesley 



311 



Wellesley 



* 



oftiielnal) court of exchequer. Subwe'iueutlj 
lie beoune Asditor and reriatru of the royu 
boKpital Dear Dublin, of wBtcli in I7^b«pub* 
liued ui ■coooni (* Accinnr of tliH Founda- 
taonoftbeltoyalllospilalorKm^CharWIl, 
near Dublin, for R«lii^f und Mamtcnance of 
AntieDt and Maimnd Officers mid Koldiere of 
tW Army of Irelflnd,' 1735, mmo). Mcan- 
wliili.', io 1723, Colluy tucceoded to Che lul- 
<larc e.4tat«s on the deatb of Madder brotb» 
Uaury. On 23 S(!<|i:. 17:^d he Bueeoeded to 
thn i-Mulv* (if tiiii coitnin Clarrfjtt WiMley or 
WeUesley of Dan^un and Momingloii, co. 
Alentb, M.l*. for co- Meatli, who diwl wit.Ii- 
oot issQfi. TheriMiiion I'olley omuidM the 
addttionftl aumamo of Weeler, wliicb is 
ordinarily (tpMt Wolledk'y. (Tliis (JwroW 
'Wesley wofi Bon of GarreiL Weatey of Duisui 
And MomiDgton. by liis wife, Elizabath Col- 
ley, eldeat dui^Lterof Dudk'V Colley, the 
fim Lord Sloramaton'B gTandfatber.) 

From 1739 to 1746 Wtwley rapKMiutvd 
Triiii,aTid in 1734 wwbigliiUitfriirorMtmth. 
On July 1746 lio wu created a pi?*r of 
IreUrni by tlia titl(« of Baron Mommgt'in of 
Maatb, and took \\\» sent on 6 Oct.. 17-17. 
H» built sod endowed near Trim a charter 
vorkiiig ivhool for fifty children, which was 
opened on H Nov. 17 iH. lie died at Wa 
bouM, on tlif^ north-west side of Grafton 
gtxeet, Dublin, on M Jan. 1798. 

Mar>- Deloiiy [q.v.j waa an iutitnat« friend 
of the Woaky family, and often utayod at 
Dan^rui. (be umily seal nuar Trim. Uf iLu 
owner she wrote: ' Ue hiu* certainly more 
Tirtue« and fewer faults than any man I 
know. He valued liU rith<4 only aa « 
BOUW lor makioji ihose about him nappv.* 
In 1781 ahe laconl* that iH .W..-)«wy -family 
woa dnwn 1^ Htwarth. • i ■ . 

Wealey marnml, on 23 Dec. 1719, Eliza- 
bnh, eldest douffhter of Jobn ^<ale, regietrar 
of UiBdioceaeofDublin. ^>be(li'Mon 1/ June 
1786. Theeoly son, Garrott \V>lIi>aley, earl 
of Mornington, is sepamt<.'ly notieei. Of 
the dAugfaters, KUtabeth married Clhicbcjiter 
Foiteaeas, of Drumttken. co. I/iutli; and 
FIruicea married William Pnuici* Ooabie. 

[{XHan'B Irish PediereM. -Ich edir. ii. 123-7 
(for Colley Mdignv). WiUi tJie Wi>llMi]»y podt- 
oee (tL -MS) in Borks's Poengf oompare Lodge's 
Teerage of belnid, ed. Archdall. iiL 6B-7S, and 
•'■ llMOotra of Marquia WelleHlrj, chup. i. 

■ alao Oest. Mag. 17M. p. 91 ; Oillerfii Hi«t. 
FX>aMiii.iu. 198; Gst. of Dobtin Orad.; G. K 
[oluiyaeya PMiago; Hra. DnIaoy'M Autobioffr. 

■ Oorrwp. i. 38S-4. 312, 348-9, 406-8 eq.l 

0. Lb G. N. 
WELLESLEY, HIOnARD COLLEY, 
Mjiiw LIS Wj:LLi»LKr( 1760 ia43>,B:ovL>mor- 
genersl of Indm, bom at l>auf^ Cattle ou 



iO June 1760, was the eldeat of the six sons 
gf Qamtlt Wellealey, EtbI visccnmt Welleo- 
ley of Dangnn (.'aatlc nnil i;nrl of Mornington 
in the county of Meath [^. v.1 His aotluir 
waa Anne, eldest dauf(ht«r of Arthur Hill- 
Trevor, firet risooii&t Dungannon. Henry 
Wellesley, baron Cowley [<i, r.\ ArtJiur 
\\'o1It«ley, the grr^t dulie of Wellington 
h-v.], and William Wellesley -1*01*. fimt 
baron Maryborough and third earl of Morn- 
in^ylon [q. v.], wero his youn^r bnitliere. 
Itichard (>egan hia education in a private 
fdiool at TruD, whence he was eaut to Har^ 
row. There lie was implicate'l in barrinff 
out a newly appointed headmoater named 
Hralh, wbiwL' appr>intinent was reaeoled by 
the elder Harrow boys. He wae then sent to 
Gtua, where he speedily acquired an accurate 
knowledgi^ of the Greek and lAtin classics, 
and also the remarkable facility in oompoai- 
tion in those tan^ua^e» which distinguished 
fain to tbu und of hh lifu. From Kl»n hv 
went to Uxfnrd, matriculating froui I'lirist 
Church on 24 Dim;. 1778. In 1780 he won 
tbti (-boiiL'ellurV pricn fi>r I.4tl.in v>rrsi-,tl]«itiil>- 
ject being Captain Cook. He was elpcted a. 
Mtudml of Clirirt Church. His falbpr dying 
in 1781, he lE?fL Oxford withfvur taking a 
di?f(rve, and returned to Ireland, where be 
dovoti>d himself to putting hifl estate* in 
order and to looking after tha education of 
hie brotlieTH. Tb« estates he placed under 
tbi> manAg(;mi;nI of his mothvr. He at the 
»anie time took upon himself the payment 
of hifl father's debts. \Vhen he cuno of age 
be entered ibo Irish Houto of Peen, whore 
be ooatractod a ^ri^at admiracioc for Grattau. 
William VS'yndhum GranTiUe (afterwards 
llaron Grcnville) [u. v.T, who ha/i b««irn his 
intimate friend bocli at Rton and at Oxford, 
wH* lit thai tiau: cbt»tf nt'cretarv fnr Ireland, 
ajid the former intimncy vraa renewed. On 
3 April 17^ Wellesley waa returned to the 
Kngiish HoiiM of Commona « nemlMir for 
Ueoralston in Devonshire, on 19 July 1787 
and on 16 June 1790 (or Windsor, and on 
13 Uay I7»tf for Old 8arijm. He was one 
of the original knights of St. Patrick on 
the foundauun of the order in 1783, and 
was made a lord of the tresoury in 178(i. 
Ho early imbibed liberal principles. He 
sympathiiwd witli I'itt's frce-tradu principles 
and with Wilberforec regarding the alave 
trade ; but in the earlier part of his lifei 
influenced by what he saw of revolutionury 
proceedings in Paris, be was opposed to 
parliamentary reform. He has been called 
a LTOLcal representative of the eooaerratina 
wlucn owed itn birth to Pitt and Burke. 
In 1793 ho wna appointed by Pitt a member 
of the board uf control for Indian ofiaim, 

p2 



i 



and denited binuelf to tfan studj- of Indian 
btuiBma. At that linif>hi-becnm«intiat»tvlj 
Kqnainted with I^tnl Cantn-AUid, who hia 
reoentlv retirud from the goTernor-generJ- 
Hhip of Tnil!ii. In 1797 he wm oominatccl 
for tlie post of Koveraor of Mvlru, the 
intention being to n^anpoint Comwallis ns 
guvoniur-i^iiii'ntl. Thvlaltvr.howaTor, could 
not be sparod from In>laiid, whew he wm 
holding tliL' uHicu of brd lieuttiuanl. nnd 
accordingly Mnminglnn wan nppiiinUv] go- 
Temo»»n«ral of India, und eailt-d on 7 Nov, 
1707. TI« took out with him wn hit privktc 
iiftcrBtBry hia brother, Ri'nry Richard Chnricd 
Wellwley (iLflcrwards Lond Cowley) [q. v.] 
He had married, on '29 Nov. I79.'(, njriwinthe 
Oo^brifUe, daughter of Pierre Uolandof Paiu, 
whnhudlivrd with him for mnermra bttfore 
llieir mnrriag*!, uid b^ whom ue had liftd 
children. In the- circiimstann-A he did not 
think it i-\[H-diL-iiL to talci- hiT to India, 

Jt was ft Tiiry critical tiiiw in India. CHr* 
hud laid t hi'fotinduiions of British .lupremacy 
in IVn^t, iind thnt niiiir^miicy, amid many 
difficultieji, had hpen ronsolidnii^d hv Warren 
Jlactint:?; bill in Ih^ K>uth of India the 
R^iIi.^h hail hci^n hard prodA«d br Kyder Ali, 
the astute ruler of Mj^sore, with whom ibey 
h&d matntAtneil a by no noanA equal contest. 
Ilyder'ssou udiuceeuor, Tippu Sa.hib,who 
had boon defeated by Cornwallis in lTVi'2, 
WM «nffajt«d in plot« fur the aubrer«ion of 
British rule, and the great .Mahratta rlutw 
bad Bt.UI to hfi overcome. There were aUo 
tlirentH of another invasion of India froai tlte 
north, where Zaman Shah, th« rul«rorOnbiil, 
waa known to bi- planning an advance auon 
Dtdhi. Tht? dangrr, hnwi'vrr, which at lliat 
tiniti wax moft pn^j»iiig vraa nn allianRi* 
bt^lwiten Tiiipii iind the French, and thy co- 
np«iration or a Fn'neh force with that under 
TippH for the e\pul*ion of the English. Thie 
wu Tippu's obj<^ct, and it so happened that 
on '26 April 1798. the very day tliut Morn- 
ington reached Madrae, a small body of 
French i>oLdit.Tit landed at Mnuii^loFt!, a purt 
on th» count of l^anara, whiclt waji tuen 
under Mysore rul«. 

llii^ nonditioii of alfnirK in thn Tlydfrnbad ; 
state wn^ also threatening. In ITWColnnt"! 
Franeis Forde [q. v.], acting under Clive'e 
ordi*rH, hnd compelttd thu ntmrn of that day, i 
then Htyled tho subohdar of the Uekbau. | 
to renounce the French alliance, and in I'f^S 
aud 1779 fn'sh tnjEilicjt had bonu made with 
iho niiam, under whicli he wiu' bound to 
m&lntain no I'rcneh trooits in hi^ service. 
These Ireatips, howMvcir, had liwn brtikon, 
and Momin(?lon's predereswor. Sir John 
Shore iaft«rwariK ItartmTeignmoutb) [Q-V.], 
Steps to cnforoo their ooaer- 




vance. Indeed, wbm Mocnington rMcbed 
India tbe troops maintvncd at Hydtsrabad 
nnd«r French offioen numbered toatteea 
thousand men. Th«y had be«ii under the 
command of an able French officer named 
lEaymond, who had died just before Morning- 
ton arri^-fH). The Mahmtia »tatM ofPooaa, 
Itatvda, Naspur, Owaltoir, and Lahor«, how- 
ever much divided among ihcmaelves, were 
at' Dov In Ibrir dnire to eipvl the English 
from India, while inlludh and in liobilkhand 
the feelinga of t be people towards the English 
w^rw the r«T«TM of friendly. 

]» the eonrw of his Tonffe HomingtoB 
landed at the Cape of Good Hopr, wh«r« he 
not only received deepatohes firom India 
giving the latest news, but met Lord Macart* 
ney, then governor of the C-np^, who had 
b«eu guvoniorof Madras ; Lonl llobari, wLa 
badjuat retired fromlh« Madnu envommeot; 
General (afterward? Sir) David Uaird q. \.\ 
Mid .Major William Kirkpa trick [q. v.], whu 
had quite rec^enlly held tiii; offic« of British 
rvwdmt at llydrrahad. From Slajor Kirk- 
parrirh Momington received a great deal 
of useful iofonnatinn, although he did not 
agree with him on all points, and sevenl of 
the recommendation; which, wh«n writing 
from the Capo. Moniington made to the 
home goYomment were hosed upon infonaa- 
tian given him by Kirkpatrick. The con* 
elusion at which Momin^on arrived during 
hif short «tay at the Cape was tluit the 
balance of power in India no longer existed 
upon the siunu footing on which it was 
placr^d by the p««ce of Seringapatam, and 
that tbercfon} the question was, how it 
might \)-*i \>n brought back to that stat« in 
which iHo president of the board of GOntR>t 
had dirwted him to maintain it. He WU 
clearly nf opinion that the uon-interwntian 
policy of his two immediate jm'djxeMoca— 
n>r domwnlliA, oji well as Shore, waa a be- 
liever in that policy— could not be continued. 
During his stay at Madnu he looked ist'^ 
lliu pusitiun of the nawab of Arcot, the sue- 
ceaarir of Muhammad Ali, commonly called 
the Nawab Wallajah, who (»wed bis throne 
to th« aid given him by Stringer Lawrence 
[q. r.] and Clive. Ha wand that there was 
a large debt due by the nawab to the ooa- 
pnny, and that the nawab had no intention 
of paying it. IIe»Uoitiv»wtiir«iMlbeai&irt 
of Tanjore, a Mahratla Atate in the south nf 
India ; but ho was compelled to postpone bis 
decision on both these inatt4.T4. He did n'H 
rvach Calcutta tmtil 17 May 1798, and the 
M]iv>rf ([ueation then claimed procedonce of 
all others. 

Thia qoeation asiiurae^l an acute phase 
in JaD« 1796, when a proclamation apf^ored 



• 





Wellesley 



^ 



in tb« newspii[)«r», which b»d bnn iatued at 
Mflaritiat bv the French goveinor of ihiit 
ittland, iDvilin^; nntivi-c to uiiliat f«r an oxpi— 
dition iigmiiuit ttii> Knglinh in [iidia, in con- 
jonetion with Tippu Sultan. Moralnfftuu 
vmt at lip't di-ipowd tri (jtiri>ti»ti thr mitneii- 
ti<:itj? of the document, but he at ones wrote 
lo 0«neral Owirgc Harris (aflt-rwnnU Lortl 
Htiri^) [q.v.], fTiP commander-in-chief and 
a4:tinff ([ovemor at Madnw, to be preparvd 
to collect a force in th« event of it« oeing 
nquiivd, and,an«r aticvrtatnin^ that the pro- 
clamAtioM tva.' authentii^, he, wit1i tho full 
coBCurrvncc of bi:< council, gavL>furthuroix)t'» 
for the neceaaary preparations. Intbemean- 
tinti the GnC t U'ln^ to bo dono yn» to i<«cuiv 
the co-optvalion of thn nizain, ami, if [lOhHtbte, 
aUn of th« BJahmttas, in orderthat in th<> wur 
which wa;>i impvnditt); tEir Hnj^linh miuht not 
be without allien, or, at all f>T{>ntH, luat the 
MjMre ruler might not have the aid uT tb« 
foiutMn thoiuand troops commandfvl by 
Freach officers who were atill in the eervice 
of the ninnm. This wa« aocomplithLil in 
the month <if yepivmber. The Frvnch offi- 
cera wt>re removi-d, tho troups undi-r them 
wer^i ctth'T diabandod or plucud uiidur 
Britinb oflic^rs, and a treaty waa executed 
which bmught the nliam into thii position 

the Sfahrattaa did not dn more than securB 
tbeir neutrality; but, as tho cvuul Hliowod, 
thtH Mtflicpd ti> iirotitct tii<^ British frcim a 
flank attack. Thus within seven monthB 
Momiiigion i>iii:cp«d«<l in RivSn^ efToct to a 
gTMt fiitent If* the policy whir.h hn had 
sketched out in his letter* rrom the Cape. 

Tlio ftxeciii^ion of that jwlicy wm not ini- 
att>!uded with dilliculiieti. In tUv Hrst place 
the goTemmpnt of Madras had been Rrefltly 
alaruvd by llydur Ali'e vijitori".-*, and wvri- 
T«i7 unwilling to renew the fltruj^ple with 
Ilk son. JoBinh Wubbc. tbv chivf &t.-crctary, 
the tnoit nblt'! man about the gov<-miui-ni,nitd 
probably the moEt imporlanl, autiripaled 
nothinf^ but diNialt-r frrtm mi iittnrli iijicm 
"nppn. His views were adnpt-Kl by the local 
povurumtflil , includin^f the foinnntiider-in- 
oliir-r.nnd formftd tlin tcxtof n n>mi«wt.rftnc<i 
which the government of Madmit addressed 
lo llic Rupremo government. But Mominfr- 
ton iiad tnade up bU miud, and wa« not to 
be moved bv any remouatranee. He had 
thuruughlv irau^L-*! the t^ittmtion. Ho had 
pKiietratea Tippu'a treachery. He had alno 
reoeivad uawb oftbedoatruptmn of the French 
AmL in the battle of the Nil«- V\> to thio 
point hifl letters to Tippu had h^^en of a ron- 
cUiatorr charactwr, but now he threw oif 
iJif! mask, and intimated to Tippu that Major 
(Sir) Jolm Doveton [q. v.], an officer in Lis 



coDfideace, would viett bi» court and ejcpluin 
hifl views more fully. About the sjune timn 
he inforuiud the i^ultna that he had dM:ided 
to repair to .Madras in order to carry on the 
ui^tialionfi uo the Epol. All this produoed 
but little rlVect until Tippu liitrnl that Uom- 
ingtonhadacCuallyreached Madrsa. To th« 
intimation that a Bnti»h envoy would be 
aeut him, bi; replied with iiudied iiuolflooo 
to the el^ci that he waa going to be abwnt 
on s hiinting- expedition, ahoiK-ing that he 
had by uo moans rvoliiied the gn-Miy of hix 
position. Moniinffton soon perceived that 
Tippu 'a objtvt was to gam lime, tn urdur that 
the ItriLijiih troopH mt^ht be expoaed to lb« 
inccnvenicnce of the monsoon, and also in 
thf li»p<- that Moinn rhnngr of circumittaucea 
might bring him the aid which he looked for 
from the trench. Oenvml Hurria waa oc* 
cordingty instructed to advancp Into Kfysoro 
territory, which he did on 1 1 Feb. 1799. Oq 
ibo 2l!nd of that mouth Momington iuue^l a 
proclamation, in which he reviewed 'Hppu'a 
conduct, showing how he bad ' rejected every 
pacific ovortururiu the hourly cxiioctAtiiin of 
reoeivingthesuccour'fr-im the French 'which 
bu bus eagerly solicited for tbc prusvcutiun of 
hiH favoiirilt; punxiieii uf aiuhition and rv 
vonge,' and stating that ' the allies were 
i^iually prvpan.id lorepid iIib violencv and to 
conntiract the artificer and {Iclayn of the 
Haltaii,' and with this view were resolved to 
place their army in »iueh a inwiliou as ahall 
nflbrd ' aba«)]utfl protection a^infit anv arti- 
fice or insincerity, and shall preclude the 
retuni of that danger which lion so lately 
menaced their posseasions.' It had been ar- 
ranged that A force from Bombay, uttder tho 
cummimd of MajOMU'iieral Jame^ iSt uart [see 
under Stl'ABT, ikHlA, d. 17U3], the com- 
ma ndi!r-iu>chief ia that prwideucvi should 
co-op«n»te wtlliOeneral Harris, 'lliia force, 
before it juiaud (General Harris, wa« attacked 
bv Tippu, who wK.'repiil.*«'d witliconHidfniblt* 
lo.HA, Snhne>|uently a biittlu yvus fought at 
Malnveliy (L'7 M»n:h ](9H), hi whicli the 
llrittKh. whohnd het'n reinforced by Hix thou- 
»and of thtt nizam's troops, werw again vio- 
torioui<. On that occasion the left, wing, of 
wbicli the niiam's tioopt formed a part, was 
commandedby Oolonel Arthur WellealeT^tfae 
futurv Duke of Wellington) [q. r.J Tipuu 
having niter thia> battle mtirea witliiu tue 
walls of .Soringnpatam. Gcneml Harris ad- 
vanced and laid siege to thnC rortrew, which 
waa taken by aaeauU on 4 April, Tippu being 
tlain in the ai>sauU. Thia cna^d the war. The 
other Mveore fortretwea Hp^edilT hurrendered. 
MocningtoR had nowio deciue what should 
bw the fate of the Mysore State. Tho decision 
at which hu arrived was that Mysore should 



I 



loulu ^m 



be oaaiatkiiMKl u a iut.irL< stat e under a loinn- 
bff of the old Hindu dvEiwfv whJcb had bec-n 
(lienlaccd br IlyderAU. ft vriia, bowuvor, 
lo l»c nhom of a coiiHcdwrabtn part of lU Iwri- 
torr, B parUun to be token by the cnupuiT 
atta a oartion br th« nixatn. MomiiiKtoni 
orlriul int«nt ion wiui tbnr t.h>> MsbnttlA state 
of Poona should ahara in the spoil ; for al- 
though thft Mahrattas bad ivndprpd no aid in 
the adTBiioe on Seringapalani, be deemml it 
expcdii'Dt onpolitinlffroundflthat the Mub- 
mClw should bv a<Iiaitti'd on curtain l'ou- 
dlti&ns !<t a ftbare of the ctinfiuen-d territtwr. 
TlKMe eonditiniu voro that the pn«hwn 
•hotild ■•Ht'^r into a di!tiiiit« alliance ii(piin«t 
thfl French, should engage never tn empioy 
Knropeans without the consent of the 
C'tin|tiinv, and nhoiild guarantee the inTJo- 
labilit; of the new state to be erected in 
My«oi*. Tliesr condition*, howovfr, were 
declinod by the pfiihvs, and nccordingi; the 
ODD^iierud territory waa dividf^l between the 
company and th(^ nlxam. Thi' rompanyV 
abari! incliidt'd I'snara, Coinibalur, and in 
fiu:l uU the diHtriclH int(?rvening between 
their poawMiotiK an the wi-iileni coHi<t and 
the rsmatic. The forts mid post* at tlte 
h<<n(ii> of the pnwesU'ading in tn Mysore were 
also nwrigned to the rompany, aj) was tho 
(brtreBV of Senn^patnm. 'thv nixam ob- 
lunod the dislncrN of Oootv and Onrram- 
oonda, and land down to l^hitnldnt)? and 
other fortresses on the northern border of 
Mtboto; but (k year Ut«r theeft tracts wore 
iw ceded to the company to defray the ex- 
ponscii of thi? aubsidlary force which the 
nUain wav, and still is, required to muintaiu 
in his dominions. By thi* last aminnement 
thv nizain was placud Ln tin- position of a 
protect-ed prince absolutely bound lo tbo 
British govi'mmt-Qt. 

On on« part oT lhf«c anrniij^menls:, vii. 
the reviYnl of the Hindu state of A(yRore, 
thprp bos hfcn coiigiderable diSercncH of 
opinion, not only ni the time when the ar- 
rao|^inf>nt8 were made, but daring the years 
which hnvo since lOan^d. The late Sir 
Thomas (then Unplain) Munro [q. v.], wbo 
woa ono of the nblest, if not the ablest, of 
the rising Indian xtatuiiinon of that day. ro- 
|T«nled with grave mis^vings the m-esla< 
bliahnK^nt of the Mysore Htate. He was 
stroii|;ly in favour, und><r nil Ibi' circum- 
stanries, of the esifnsioii of llrittnh nile 
whpTfver an opportunity ofl'ered. If he had 
had any mice in ihf (Wi.Mon of th(t<)iit'Blion, 
Im» would have bad 'no rajii of Mysore, in 
ihn pcnkin of u child drapp^^d forth from 
oblivion, to be pUced on a tbroiiu on which 
his ancestors for three generations had not 
sat for moro tlittii half a century.' Xor was 




his opinion without josttfieatioii from the 
aubaexjuent i:out».! of erents. The malsd- 
nuniatrallon of the young riji, ttter he at- 
tained hijt majority and was int-ested with 
power, V8II so gross that the goverament 
of the country nad to be assumed by the 
commny. And was nercr again pla4v_-d in his 
hanuB. He died without any imtural male 
lieir. and it had been quite settled that after 
his death Myxorv should bv annexed to the 
British raj : but after the Indian mutiny 
the change of opinion as to the policy of 
annexation was eo great tluit in 1867 it wxa 
ilendcd by the secretary of state to rarxigniie 
an adoption which the raja had made shortly 
befors nifi death, and to maintain Mysorv aa 
a native state. 

There can he no question that if the native 
state was to be tnaiuteined,lhe policy adopted 
by Mnmington of setting np a meuber of 
the old Hindu family wnico had formerly 
ruled in Mysore, in preference to continu- 
ing' the gOTiimmcnt in thi- family of Hyder 
and Tippn, who had kIiowh tbemsvlvM so 
thoroughly hostile to the BritiBh power, was 
a wise policy, and at that Itmi- there wa» 
much to he said in favour of moderation in 
exti-ndini; Itritisb territory. As a safegiurd 
for the future, tin) now niler was not en- 
trusted with the power of makuig peace or 
war, and wa.t forbiddin to maintain an army, 
the company undirtaking for an annual 
sulxndy of 280,0010. the protection of the 
oountry. The ripht was also reeerved rf 
interfering in the inU'rnal goveminont whan 
niich intcrfcrfrnco waa miuired, and this 
riglit, as we have said, was exercised when 
the raja proved ibat he w&a unfit to govern. 
Sir Berry Closo 'q. v.], an able military and 
political oHicfrr, wan apjtointM n^sident at 
the rfiji's court, and Colnmd Arthur Welle*- 
Iny waA loH. iu command of the tnilitity 
force q^uurtered in Mysore. 

The services rendered by ^lomington in 
thuH 8urmDtmtitig the mam difficuliies by 
whioli he was confronted on his arrival in 
fndio were acknowledged by votes of t hanks 
from both housesof pariismcni, and on 2 Dec. 
ITW he was ereated MarquiA Wi-Ilr^leir of 
\orrugh in the poenige of Irrland. 'Tbe 
intUT wan not n^garded by Wellssley M 
by any menus an adequate reward, and ia 
writing lo i'ilt he »p<il(« hw mind Tery 
plainly on the ttuhject. I le declined a dona- 
lion of IW.OOOr which wiw offered to him 
by the court of directors from the plunder 
takeu at Seringapatain, but was persuaded 
by that bodv to accept a star and badge, com- 
posed of 'I'ippu's jewels, which the army 
wished to presenl-to bini, but which he bad 
at first refii»d. 



^ 



1 

n 




Wellcsley 



=15 



\\'ellcsley 



to 

m 



8hon]j kftcT th« eoaqnret of ilywn it 
^volv«<l upon WVUealey to drnl whli iIib 
right to the ttironc of tti>- n&tiw etati' of 
T»njori.«. ll lay bwlwcen Sarfoji, the adopted 
son of tlif Ute raja, ami Amir Sini^h, the 
lialf-bruiiiGT of ilie lnit«r, who wm aciually 
on lh« ibrone. WfUeali'r ck-ciJed tlmt liie 
right clearly lay with Sarfoji, tnJ murfovur 
that t)H> country hail )K't>n ^ttihaI}' iiiIh- 
goveniKil by Amir Sinirh. -Surroji, Uow- 
tfVWi waa very younK amf iiiK-itpwrinncMl, ami 
by no Bwaiu well qiialiflnd to cnitduot tli« 
gorernineiic of the country. In tbeae cir- 
cumstances Wi'lletli'y dMidiH] to ptaoo 
Sorfoji ill thi! position of a mediatised pruice, 
aud to vast the actuul uclmiiiiatruiiou in the 
cou|Muay'BgovuruBii.-ni. Tbid was vffectvd 
by a treaty concludvd on t^o Uct. 170S', 
miich remained in foroo until I^-'m, whou, 
owing to the clmth of Oih lakt rnja withuut 
leaTing a ma)« heir, Tanjoru vaa annexed. 
Under Britteh ruhi, bolii bufitm nnd ninci- 
tbe anneiatioR, Tanjoro has prKiwred 
wooderfiilly, imd lias loan bvon ob« 01 (hi.> 
richest di*trietA in Itidin. 

A few monihf) later WeUe«](.'y placed thu 
nawab of Sural in a position similar to that 
of the rijn. of Tunjorv. 

A greater difficulty was pctaentod by the 
CBMt of tki^ n&ffab of the CuualJc. Ih-T^y 
th« i«Iatii>n« bntween siiccesaire nan-abi^ and 
tbe company had lon^ been iins&tif>tairtory. 
Mubunmad Ali, who had bumi M.'cur^-d on 
bin throne bv Stringer Lawrence and Clivi?, 
was ■ speniithrifl, us was his Boa, Oiudat 
a) nninili, nnd thr^y ni'ilhur of thi-ui had 
net their eniroge meats to the companv, to 
which tln^y w(ir« ht^nvily in d>.*bt. AVmt 
ibe liino when Wdlniley look up the 
queation, papers were discovered at Aiysore 
irbidi vhawcd that both Omdat ul Onirah 
and hi) father hud betfii entra^ed tn a clande- 
aline convapondenc« with Tippu, having; 
for itt> objvct thti •.•xpulsion of lliu L^iiglieh 
from India. At the moment when this 
UiwovuiT was niodo Omdut ul Uinrali was 
on hia denthlied, and in ciinj>e<]ui^nri' tbi* 
qoeatioa of the eucceasion had to he pnst- 
ponvd until his ilvnth. Wellwley hnd 
prefioUHly endeavniired to obtain hi^ asaeiLt 
to an anun^iuent similar X'> tbtii which had 
■been made at Tanjow, but h^d bo<-n nvt, 
not only by a reftisal, but by i\ demand that ' 
' tt nawiib «hoiiId sharA in rh*- diothbution 
of tb« t«rritorie«jiuM taKun from My.-oa'. On 
the nawnh'a death Wvlltiley oH'en-d lumilar 
taima to Ilia n-puti-d aon, Ali 1 1 uj^suiu, hut 
by htm alao lliu iBrms were refused. Wwl- 
leeler then proceeded to treat with Aiim ud 
Dowlah, a nitphew of thiv liiti^ niiwiih, and 
with him a treaty wiia made on 31 July 




18U1 which proridcd for the practical an- 
nexation of the t'amatic. Under this 
tntaty the complete civil and military ad- 
miniitlrution waavoKtrdiii thucoinpuiy, oae- 
flfth of theneln^TeniiRHhiiugaMiigiuK] to the 
nawab, Jouvs Mill the historian oondemaa 
tbe arrangemont, and iitfwt» to throw doubt 
upoir ilif ffcnuinctiess of the documenta u{iDn 
which W(dli->lf)ri(-lcd,stt)^utiaiuif the whole 
tnuisactiou ub ' un unmanly frAUd.' But his 
view* liavo not been accepted hy any of tlw 
aulhorilied h«9t ipialitieu to fonn a judg- 
ment upon Buch a quealiun ; aud when wo 
remember tbiit if the documenta u|ioi] which 
Wuileeley acted were forged, such men aa 
li^neml Ilarxiii, (>en«ral llaird, Colonel 
AnliurWelliwIoy.Colonel Clwifi, Henry Wel- 
Il'sUt, Captain Mai-auhiy, Neil iWnjuiiiia Ed- 
motiKloiit; [q. v.], and jneiah Wcbhe mtut 
have he«u partiiv t(i thofurgery, it la ini pouibUi 
to i<up]K)tie rbnt there can bavA \/i.ta the 
i MliKhtml fiiundution for the charjre. Tho 
I treaty of IhOl wha a pcTMinitl treaty, am) a^ 
■ucb wiw held in lyO* toju&iify thdgovum- 
m«nt nf India in tlieir refusal to put up 
! anotbiT mediatised uawab. Thtt chiel mem- 
bers iif tho Arcoc fumilv are now pcntiiuners, 
liberally jfeusiom^, but coming under th« 
eaiegory of subject*. 

\\ellesley ne\t directod his attention to 
Oudli. In that frontitrr rilatu llie exiatinir 
arntc of things was extremely uiutati^fadory. 
Th« ijuwab, Siiadal Ali, wb« a mere volup- 
tuary, a coward, ami n tnijM-r. Tbe loDg- 
thnuitvued luvaiiion by the Affrh&u ruler, 
/aman 8lia1i, wim still by no mean^ impro* 
bable, and the anny of Omdli wne a dia- 
onb-rly rabble. This state of uJliuira wu 
obviowly a prions danger to tho company'* 
lorritories. Welletlny in thu Qni iuelance 
despatched Colonel S^-ott, the I)on;;n! adju- 
lant-jreneml, t') explain the aituation to Llie 
nuwiil), and to urye him to n^nhui' hia no- 
called army by n British eiibfiidiary forou. 
Suadnt Ali'* ri'ply won un oifttr, by no meant 
(genuine, tu ubdicuiu; but WeUdalej* ti>^l t>ot^ 
wioh to iiimex t>ndb, nnd be soon ^aooreruil 
thai the oliitr to abdicate was a more aham. 
II« ihenrfiirw despatched to Lucknow his 
brother, Henry \\ ellc^ley, who succ«ed«d io 
com iiiciniT tbe nawab that tumnoritting and 
dilalnry »hiH.> woutd not be tolerated, and, 
tliai Oudh inunl bu placed uither upon the 
footiiif^ of 'J'anjore or upou tlwt wliirh had 
been adopted in thecsse of 1lyderaba<l. TIia 
latter arrani^einent wna eventually accepted 
by the nuwab, unda treaty wa^ niodu under 
which ci^rlnin dtxtricta wero ceded Io tlw 
company, who were to maintain a force for 
the protection of Oudh, the nawab agrei^ 
iiijf to rcdnce hia own troops, and to iutro- 



1 




Wellesley 



ai6 



Wellesley 



duoe into hw rmnaining temtorr * good 
BT8t4»n of jjovcmmenl. About the Bame 
lime anotiier treaty ivm iDadf^ tinder which 
the Dawab ot Fairukhabftd vrns tnt>diit< Utsl 
uid the civil and military admits im ration of 
fail district sfsi^cd to tb^ rompnnr. 

Wliilo tlii-Stt m<.-tu<Mi\'e »'<.tl* V-iiig Iaki>a, 
the dau^r fmui L'abul wea *tlU ttirtttteiiing. 
Indeed it -kox tliu riak uf un Invasion by 
Znmiui Khftb wlilch mainly iinprtfUMd upon 
Wellesley the twcaasily of atrtmiphening liic 
authoritr >n Oudb. But tlii«. lie fi?It, wiw 
not Buflicrenl. He detfimiined lliat. tbc 
most eSectuol mettod of preventing >^!(«^ 
MMi by tbe amir of Cabul would bu to com- 
pel liim TO act upon tb« defenflire in bia own 
countn'. Hi- accordinjifly despatched* native 
envoy, and nubfu-fjui'nt ly Cnpcntn (af'ii'WBnb 
BirJobn) Malcolm 1 4. v.] to J'i-r»i« luiiefju- 
tiSrtfi ft (ruaty yvita tbu alinh. Matfilm'^ 
embiuvy waa a very cuMtly lUTnir, but Ux 
main otject had alrvady bei-n acmmpUcbw] 
by th* nativn mivoy wlio bud prw:ed".-d M«I- 
roIri, and hud incited MuLiinniiad Irthah, ihf 
brother iit' thii amir, to invude the amjr'e 
domiiiionn. From lliat lime there waa no 
further ^i^k of an iuvaiiion bv Zaman Sbafa, 
who shortly afterwards perished in bnttlc. 

Another measure which Wellesley had 
much at heart was the expulsion of the 
Ffuncb frotn th« iKlands of Mauritius and 
Bourbon, whence, by means ol' (irivaleera, 
they were able to infliet wrious loaa upon 
Inm&n Cbuiineree. IIu alsu contemplatLnl 
the expulitiou of the Dutch frotn Jiiva. His 
plans, uowevcr, were fnistruted bv the jier- 
veratly of IVtiT Hiiynipr r<l.v.], tlii' adininil 
in command on the Tiuijnn Ainiion, who 
declined to place the tieet r\t \VeUe*leyV 
dinpoaal without cxpn'jw ordfrn from tho 
admiralty. Both expedtiiona had in conse- 
quence to be Abandoned, and the two Fr»*nch 
islnnda remained in po«sci<«ion of ibc Frencli 
foreightyeara longer, Kreatly to the detri- 
ment of liidijin cuiumvrce. 

Verrshortlyaflerwnrdi*, however, the forcr 
wbicbliadb«enooUected,reinriircedbyala.rg« 
COnlin|r<irit of troona from Bninbny, wnn d(*s- 
patchfd, under orderB from liome, to Kfry^it 
for the purpose of tuniing the French out of 
thflLjjiJuintry ; ^^'«llesl«y rcmarkinft to ( Jitie- 
^^^^Tuird, M'bo was placed io oommand, and 
liad comnifinddd the storming tiarty at 8e- 
rin^apataiii, ' that u moru wurtfiy vi'iiui'l to 
the atonn of .SL'riii|iii]>a1am could not be pre- 
vented to htsfrvniuB and valour.' Tbeolijeot 
of tbi« expcditiiin win* achimrd willmiil 
bringing the Indian cnnltngr'nt intoafiinn, 
thii lavTu report of it« approach, combined 
with thp pn^rpttic ineaAiir'-sol'Sir.Iohn Htdy- 
Hutchimon ("aAerwards second Karl of 



general to capitulate. 

The peace of Amiens Kb<irtly aftirrwttdt 
followt^d, and nnderiui proviaiona Welloler 
was inntructi-d to restore to the KreocA 
I X'ondicherr; and other plai>-a which liad bwa 
Frcndi prisseaaioafl. Ilwasastmoemeaffumo 
diarc^ord iheae instrtii-t ionK, hot AValWley did 
dieiTgard tltem. He felt that itie duration 
<if ihp -pttrnx was very uncertain, and (hat if 
wur broke out a^in the reetoraiion of thaao 

flftc«s to the French would seriously taopcril 
triliiih int<'r#stg in India. Ho aooordingly 
instructed Liurd Clive, the governor w 
Madras, to refuse the restoration of Poi>di- 
dierry pending anifrrcncv to I^oudon. Before 
tho aiiBwer came the war in Europe had 
been mum'dd, and Wfillvaloj was ordered to 
re<-ai)tiire ' any ports or p(w«««MonM which 
the French may have in India.' Thia had 
bttrru rrtiidiTTNl unn4>ce«Miry by W«lle«ley's 
prescient refusal to act upon the preTioas 
urdvre. 

About this time \Velle*lev recwved from 
the home government what ne nalurmlly r&< 
gerded as a high honour, viz. the rank of 
caplaiu'geDeml and conmandur-in>chief of 
all Iheforceainthe Fa.<tt Indie-i. It|irBtified 
his military iui<tincts, which were lety 
strong, and it gave great Fatixfactiou to thv 
army, to which be had endeared himself by 
liis HigaciouH ditvctiou of ibv Myevre war^,. 
and by bis geiieroftity in refuaiug to accept,! 
at the cxjienso of the army, the donation of] 
HKLOOn/. which bad Iwf n otfrrvd Io liim out ' 
of the Siringapatam prine-money. During' 
the jrreator part of tUi« time Wellesley's Tv 
laliond with the court, of directors wore far 
from satisfactory. Tbejr resented bis tmn^ 
what nutocmtio proclivitiea, and they especi- 
ally di^approveilofhin mode of exercising htl 
patronef'e. Thev ovcrrul<'d bia appointment 
of Ilrnry Wcllctley as resident at I.uckoow, 
and ilii-y refused to aanclioii bia nominal.ton 
of Major Kirkpnlrick a« politicnl tecretary. 
Thi'v iiifltHlfil upon all such appoint m<>titj| 
being held bv members of the covenant I'll civil 
service- They n'fiwd to saticliun the staff 
salary which it was pmjins^d to OMigii td 
Colonel Artbiir Wellesley while serving ml 
Mysore. Irritated by int^rfcn-ncc of lhiadi>] 
scriptiuu, Wellesley in IrO:! applied to be 
relieved, but the state of things in India com* ] 
jH'llL-d him CO remain. Agtiu in I803,1ieail7 
reseuling the altitude of the court, he »e-i 
(|Ui'Stt'd ihut he might he relieved in thefol-j 
Iriwingv'Tir ; hut. bi-fon-fai* application could 
I be romjilied with the diw-ontent which had 
, shown Itself on the part of the rulers of tlifl 




Wellesley 



"7 



Wellesley 



Mnhntta ntotea compelled the dir<«uin to 
request Kim to r«tnntn at liis fiost. 

Tbt!> (ivo prtiicipal #tiitc!< in which tho 
Mftbrattiw Im>t» rule werw PcN^iia, Iiidorv, 
Gwolior, Bcfir, ftnd Buroda. The piisLwa 
wlftrtileiJat l'<x>na,ftl(bu(igli liispo«iUuuwiie 
onlv ihat of heredirArr miniiti^r (u rhw it^ 
eccndauu uf Sivsji, tliu uotninM ruli^rs of tlie 
Satt«m nUle, was regardetl am l!ii- ctii^f of 
the Mahnllufi. Ic wHflfmm the pPiihwa that 
Wi-llfulrj- Htuglil for rrv-iipMration when lie 
wna about to attack Mtaok, alibrMigli at 
this time ( IHO'.M lloiksrand Sindin, tht; chiel's 
of Indorc and Owalior, wrrc n-ally the moit 
powerfiU of the Mahratta rulora; and 
althoiish t)icp»«tiwahri(l been for Fouie year* 
a priaoQor iu tltu hands of .Sindia, nnd more 
recent iy had btrendrivt-nbv liolkant tufjilivi^ 
iolo Hritisb turritorv, hIiII, Imikiiifr Ut hia 
legitimatu poHition a* ixwlin-R, VVidWIey 
•^io deemed it advienbla to B>f>ciin> his co- 
jmeration, Thp nwulr, was the treaty of 
BiaaBin (31 Dm. 1602). hy which thi- pi-ftLwa 
plsdged biowelf to bul^J commuiiieQlioiiK 
vriT}i no other powiT, Knnvpcan or native, 
ud ceded districts to ihQ (wnipany for thu 
naintcnancfl of a subnidiary run!>-. Thia 
treaty, aa might bavu bu-en cijit^ctcd, pave 
groat offenco in the other JlHlirntrn dirff*, 
who K>w that thu sy«tL>in of siihsidiAry alii- 
Uieea with thv Ilrilieh powttrwaafulul lothfi 
indt_-pi>ndiMi(y? of nfttivi- atotej.. Th.'nLtiijMin 
follywvd iho Hi-cond Maliniita war, which 
lasted from 1802 to \K)X. Tin- imroediate 
cams A^//i iK-as the position taken up by tht> 
troopi of Sindiii ntiil tli4> Ij«nr raja on the 
DOiinne8oriheni«iinVt4!iTitnrii-«. Wellesley 
ilred to attack the Mahradaa in llindu- 
I, in tlie Dcklinn, in GtiKemi, and in Out^ 
tack. Th<> command m llindtutiui wusn- 
trusted to Gcnrral Gerard Lake (nflenratda 
A'iacount I^ke) a. v.], ihvii (.-ouimundttr-iti- 
ehiefof the B'^ngalanay: that in thi- Dokkan 
TO Ownenil Arthur Wvlli^k-y, and the com- 
mands io Giuerat and Cnltnck tn f'olon<<Ie 
WoodiafrtouandHarcourtresprtiviily. The 
operations wprr nlltiiidcd w-ilh hrilEiant suc- 
cess, eeuecially in HinduMan and i» iho I>ck' 
lian, wlMtrC at Lasvrari aad at Assye and Ar- 
eiuin, the ffpneralfl in onmrnnna won the 
uoKias battlee named after thoee plftc«e. 
^ndituidthc rajit of BtrnT.coiuiaoDly called 
(he Bonala, wt-re spiwdily vnii4]uisbed. 
The Frcnch-dnlU-d troops under M. IVrron 
were destroyed, I'orron hiiiii>(>lf obtaining 
k aafe-coodiict from Lake. ri)ni>ii]«>niblu 
additions wcro madt' to Britiali territory 
botii in (Vntral India and on lh» cast coa&t, 
where the diirtrict of Ciittjirk wm ceded 
by tbi» Bonala. Wtdlv^lipy, however, was 
somewhat bastjr in assuming that hofttilitioa 



aatu. 
■wui 



wen! at an end. In nplr to an iddress 
pnuMnt^-d to him by thi? mhahitantn of Cal- 
cutuin 1!^, heremjirkcd that Mho peace 
which has been concluded conipr«aendA^ 
©Ten- obji-ct of thowar ■with every practical' 
(tecurity for tlw cotitinuaiic? of Irauquillity/I 
Kvcfltfi sptTdily ehone^ that this laa^iagol 
wait pretusture. Uufun; iLe yvar 18(KI bud 
come to an end, llolkar, who had atood 
alouf during iho prcviuiu hostilities, w«» 
preparing for war. In April IROt ordenj 
WL'rt" isfiui'd by Wftllesley to begin it. LakCj 
who wniji in cQcntnand, would eeem to have 
undcr-eAti mated Holkiir'ARircDd^th. Heeont 
Colonel William .MonBou (I7W-l807)fq.T.] 
withafor(4-of»c[H:iystoku«^-pIIolkarincheck, 
and to protect iho city of Jaipur, which wafli] 
threateni-tl by him, nnd then luarchvd hack 
with hiji main force to Cawnpur. The 
commiMariat arrangi-merilit wer« v«ry m- 
ada(}Listv. Jaipur wan saved, and Monran 
followed llolkur, and cv^^ril iiilIIv found bim- 
sflf in front of the whole of llolkar'a force 
wilh only Iwio days' supidk>8 for the troops 
under hi.t command. He then commenced 
to r«ttn.'ut. The rains set in, the retreat be- 
ranu^ a rout, and vnded in a mott grava 
disaster. The Duku of Welliiioton, then 
(iont'rft! Willcslcy, pronounced it the 
greatest ditfii»t«r and luoHt disgncL-ful to 
our military characCt^r that hod ever oc> 
curred. It wiua serious blow to Wellesley, 
allhoii^h be wa« in iiu way to blojuc for 
the unfonunate strategy which had Ird to 
it. Fur this Laka was mainly reHjionsibla 
in sending too «mall n forco, and not swtnr 
that it was properly supplied, fndeoa 
Wi'llwlwy had iirRed Lake to send with 
Monaon's detachment n small force of 
Europeans, but bis advice bad not been 
acted on. Wellesley, however, Imd to 
suffer the consequeuces. J(oth tba cO'Urt of 
dinffiCon and the board of control under 
CastlervLigh had all alonf{ ijuvstioaed the 
policy or the Alaliratta war, itnd accord- 
juglv, when tbi> intelligeuco of tho disaster 
reaclii'd Hiigland, it wn» at unci? dpU'rminpd 
to recall Wellesley nnd to reverse hia 
policy. Lord OuniwHiiis was sent out to 
relieve him, and rt'ncbi'dCitletittaoTt 
1605. Wellesley was not taki'n by surp 
Indwd ftrtni fill' tim«- of Moimon'* disaster 
he had fell that the oppont-ni? i>f hia policy 
in Enaland would bnn^ about hiii removal 
from hi^ poat. The result Co India was 
diitftstraua. Oornwallia nurviva'd bin mturn 
loo 8hort a time to do much : hut bis tem- 
pnrarv «ucci!Mr>r, f^Jr Geurjt".- Hilnro TVurlow 
fq.v,'^. with all the enthusiasm ni n. convert, 
did nil be could to reverse the policy.to which 
aa Wellesley'SBecretary, and afterwards u a 



WVIIesIey 



2tS 



Welles ley 



BMcnber of bu counetl, hi had irirua ■ siKin^ 
Bimpon. It «M DiAinlr br ttiU n-T^rsnl r^ 
WtulsalBf'B policy ibal' tbo thmt Mnbrntta 
WW of 1817 and 181H wm hroiif^ht ati&ut. 

Tlw leading feature of \^'All<)sle7'i> foreign 
policjr in IncLin was thn sjrnt^m of subdditrr 
■llowancea wliieh hn intmHuf^eil. Il enabled 
thi>Rriliih ;foreniment to e>»lJkbli>1i a prepon- 
derating intliitinc^ in tho natir? stntM with- 
out actually aniieiing thoin ; bul it w«t not 
■llognthiir &M from obJMlion. Sir IIkhiuw 
Miinro [q.T.l, wbo wm at iirsl a warm »op- 
poripr of the RVBtem, cndfrd hr deprecating iu 
ranbor f.xtrn«ii>n. Hih dolibiiratfl opintou 
waa that tlie pnnu-ncnor a BriliHli force in a 
Datirr rta(e, hr iapporting the prinM on liia 
tbmti« againfl any fbrvi({it ur doneatie 
enemy, anted us an enrnurngrmcnt tn mia- 

Krvrnawat, Sir Arthur A\ eUe«l«y also had 
ubtsat one timti m i« th« uMfdntuof 
the syetem. In June I-^tW he wmte thai 
inch tn'atii'AentiniJy 'anniiiilaled the mili- 
tary power of tho govcrnnientt with which 
wc contracted them,' and I hat Lh would 'pr«>- 
flmv« the cxii!t«nce of the stat« and guidK iL« 
Actions by the weiffhl of Britiab iofluanca 
rathiT thno annihilate it.' A year Interi 
hownrttr, bn rfc^gitii^ ibnt tbi* niibMdiiLrr 
trBOlias conferred ' pnormoiw henofita' up<Mi 
th« Britiah ({vvvmrnent : ' The con»eqni3nc«>B 
of them haVA bf>Rn that m ihi't war with the 
Hahrattaa, which it ii* nhvioiu niuet biive I 
occurred w»>JH'r or later, I lie cnmpnnyV tei^ 1 
ritcirip)' havi> not ben^n iitvmli^, ana the fvils | 
of w»r hiive been kept nl n diMance from the 
■ouroRB of omr waltn nnd onr power. This 
fiKt alnne, unHupporiud by any others which ' 
OOald be enumpnttod as benefits resulting 1 
from theiie alliances, would bo Huilicienl to 
jnstifT thcni' (Owsy, •SaJertionK /ram Me' 
WrtlmytOH DaipatcAet, Nu. i'ld, p. 403). | 
Wellastey was by no miTimx inatlf niirn (o 
ttMtntorauadnuiusCrEtioii nfih<>Hritii;bpm- 
Tincpa. At an ftarlypprijid I[i> djumvi'pcd I be 
importauc-ti of improving thn p^-rsonnel of the 
civil •enrice. lie fmmeil during 18U0 an 
sUkiorate and conipwho-nsivp wbraio for ilio 
M(«bli«hm«nt of a coUi^ge in Fort Willinin, 
B citadel of Caleuttn, in wbich tbo adiicntiun 
of the young civil gerrsnts Hvnt out from 
England sho<ild be (^omplrteil. lie pointed 
out that llm inrmbiTH of the Indian civil 
service could no longer be regnrdud as the 
agi.-nta of a cuniraorciiil nmci-m ; that ihcy 
would hnrn to diHchnrp;!! tha funrtiouit cif 
magiBtratPH, judjfCB, ambaanulnrv, and go- 
Wmoni of Mrijviric«.'H, nod u-oubl ri-giiiirv t-o 
be f^dunatf d in thosfi hranrbefl of literature 
ftod acienw which form the bn»i» «r rhf eilu- 
aation of persons dearincMl to p^-rrorm (liniilitr 
datiea in Europe, added to which they 




•hould acquire an intimate Mfjuaintaaot 
with tb« hi»torr, languftgea, and cuntooia tk 
thu people of ludia, with the Mobknuiiadu 
and lltndoa codirs of law and religion, and 
with the jiolitieal and commcrnAl intewii 
and relations of (Irvnt Britain in .\na. The 
scheme did not commend itaelf to the caan 
of directors, who pTonounc«*d it to be too 
rust and too «zpeiisiv«: bnt it led <oaui 
Tean later to the (brmation of n collL*g>i in 
li^ngland for the education of Indian civil 
servants, which, etlablidiedflninl Hert 
and anerwarda transferred to iiuiU-Tb 
wna RucciMfuIlT maintained ^nntil the 
pointmviiiM 10 ifae ferrioe w«re thrown 
to public competition under the act of 1 

Th<r refuonl of tliv court to aanctton Us 
scheme was bitterly retvnted hy \\Vllf4)i 
It wsM one of several muses — theotben' 
acts of interference with hi^ pntronage, 
of n very offen&ife character — which 
I Jitn. 1HU2 led him to raquc*! that bem 
he relieved from bia ofBce in tho 
October. 

Another method which Wclletiley 
for improving the civil earvice, all 
neoewarily carrM out on a rery limi' 
was logatherrouud him i«omt> of ibe^ 
memhens of the service and employ t 
Trrnra<-nt houso indrnftingdevpialches 
his own orders and writing them to hia 
dictation. Tho late Lord Metcalfe mi 
oribraw>t«tjint«tb(u«>mployed. A 
othen were John Adam [q. v.], Wil 
llutt«rn-orth Rayley [q. r,}, (Sir) Kiel 
Jenkinn [q. r.^, otid lleniT Cole. IT 
such n mnn an WdlesVv tneee young 
e-njoycd a splendid opportunity of ' 
bow public allaini> uf tu<.- tngbL'»t im 
were carried on, and not one of tin 
to profit by tbu experivuL-u. The 
which Were issued on the outbrealc 
Mahmtiu war were among the di 
which wer« thu!> pr>-]Uir«d. 

The ubeervance of i he Hundny in India «ti 
a matter to wliMTh AVeUi.'nIev altnched COO- 
sidiTiible importance, o-t tending to diabase 
tbii nativi^s of the iden that the Eut^Uth boi 
no religion, and, with ihi^ virw.aliArtlyaftar 
hii^ return from Madraii ho ordorvd apoUt 
iind gi^ncnil t>inuk!>igiving for tfa« suooaMC 
which hud act<:nded lh-.< Hriti^ anoA. 
nl*o directed by a public notilicalioo 
observanci' of Siindny oa a day of ri»t- 

Phe ttediliouA cbiinicter of tnany of tbe 
publieutlons of fho native pres.'t was a matttc 
wliicli ibtin, lut in more recent times, caoicl 
Koine ansiety. WellMley di-alt with it hf 
iulrcKliK-ing a mild centtorship, 

Wei ti'slt'y ws« not b imBelf a tinaocier, bol 
bespeedilyreiiliscd the importance ■ ■ ' — 







Wcllesley 



219 



Welleslcy 



lift « (ouad condition. For llu» 

I he •elected ilt*nry St. Trrorgi! Tuclcep 

g.\ « JteDgat civil sen'aiit, who p«P- 

n-rl Ih? duty vfitli tnitrked sucrew. 

WclIe^leT 8Atled t'rom TikIIa on !>} Au^. 

' 1605, uid arrivfrd in En^Und early in IKMi. 

I The ctiuiev' 1tr>m tlw autocrniic po<«ition 

' which Ike TiaJ filled in India to tiist of a 

tvtiri'd niW but little known 10 the multi- 

' Tudi; mu$«d htm a degrw of chugria which 

ha WM unuble to conceaJ. Shortly after his 

uriT&l his DHirtiiicstioa was iucrmsed by 

^^Imrning that he w&a tnh^ nlla<-li<-d in parlia- 

i'lnent in connection with his pnlirr re^rdine 

[Ondli. His ucuMrwBS Janim Pnull iii- v.j, 

irlw hkd n&da a fortune by trndn in India 

and obtained « e«wt io parliament. Paul! 

moved for paper» in January IKW, luid in 

Mm^ of thai year formulated hi» charges, in 

Tthtch he aceufted Wellesley of bavins incited 

cbe fiubject» of the ^'a^^-tib Vaxir of Oudb (o 

rehftlaffainat bill], uud then bjmbaDBoftbreaU 

tetnpelled ihu Xiiwab Vaxir to |^tu U|i a 

[lar^ portion of lu* territory, Paiill liitYiiig 

hm biR arat at the general etection in 1806, 

lh« chargM which be had brouKbt were 

biben up by Lord FcvUcestone ; but it wna nftt 

Until I ^H^i'tbat thuy were brout(ht to a divi- 

•iim. The ruult vm thai. Wi'llrwIeyV policy 

■nw approved by ilie House of Comnons by 

ft laffi^ niAJority <; |k-J to 91 ],and a siibtequent 

notion iif imprAfliMieni tniu1« hy Miir Thomoo 

Tartnti wiw rejected by aatill largerouc. lu 

tint meant imi- \Vellc*ley, a few days iii'ter hi^ 

smval, bad been oordinlly receici>d by hi» 

friend IStJ, then very neaf his end, and had 

be«n welcomed at a public diuutir ({tven at 

&Jniack's, at whidi Iht? rhoir niu taken 

(jr General Ilarrie, the ciipior of tlerin^- 

•atam, lupported by »oine of the leadinf^ 

itateanen of the time. Wellealey 8poke fnr 

Utd fint lime in the Tlouse of Lordu on 

8 Feb. 1S08, whftn, in ivn eloquent «nd con- 

viiicinit speech, hv aupported ilii< miiiiMer't 

bi tbeir reftuoi to produce papers relntin^ 

to the «ei«nre of the Danish flevl. In the 

bllowinjr year llHlK)) Wellesley wm des- 

latched an nmbusi^ador-uxtninrdltmry to 

Seville to eoncert mensiire-'t with lhi-Spftrii«h 

iinta for carriiflK on the war in the renin- 

lub, b\n hrtith'jr. Hir Arthur \\e!leBley, 

leing entnuied with the cnrntnanil of the 

loops on 2 ApnI. The course taken by the 

Kirernment in sendiuf; the expedition t<i 
'alcheren, to which Wellesley sirouKly 
thJeCted as h-Ang certain to interfere witli 
Ibe efficiency of ihu army under hia brother, 
bA Itim to resign hia appointment ; but at 
he tnstanci? of Canning, tlmn foreign eecre- 
larj, be withdraw bin reAijiiistt'in upon an 
iitnnce that the force under Arthur \\'el- 



I iMley shuuM not bo unduly weabeoed. At 

the end oF July the victory of Tiilarera took 
place; but the British force waa so ill- 
HUppIipd, and the Snanixh f^veTnra«nt ao 
utterly failed to fulfil their promiMS, ftad 
ihrir ii*»erliuns proved to be so untrust- 
worthy, that Wollmley was (jonipolled to 
tfaivHten the withdrawal of the Itrttisb army 
intoPortitj^l, which produced some improve- 
! ment in the (.itutttiou. ^hurtJy afterward* 
' the retirement of Canning from the ministry 
' after hte duel with CasUontogb resulted In 
I \\ cllealey'ft appoinTjnAnt at fartigtt •ecretarr 
I under Perceral. "WellEaley aunmed thia 
office al na important crisis. Every ffoven^ 
I ment in Europe wa>i under the sway of Napo* 
leon or was in alliance with him. England 
. waA ab«oliitelv iiu)]atL-d. Xapoleon by bis 
, Berlin and idilan decrees hod seriously 
threatened Briti§h trade. There were grave 
dillerences with tbo United State*. The 
intercourse between the Uritiah envoy in 
.\mericu and tlif> govirnment of the United 
StateD liiid lji-«!i i<tinpciidi*(l. Ihv gnnt 
worl) arcompliahed hy \\'eUestey in India 
bndnot tht-n l»«en fully rwcocniMid. A large 

farty in F.ii^land dnuhteti the pnlicy of the 
'eniHmiJLir war, tbe tuccese of which still 
I honft in tbir bnliLiic. The cnbinrt. ut Jiomc 
I waa by no meuiis unanimous. The ministry 
was soweok in debating powi.Tttiat (Kit h Lord 
Livtrpool (ind Wtll*',*b-y ofti-rvd to vacate 
' office to make room for Canning and Citi*tle- 
n'Agh : but neitbtr of the Intti^r would at 
that, time join tbc govumment. Wvllusluy 
entertainet) hot o poor opinion of the fitnftM 
of i'erccvat ii.n the poet of prime mluisler, 
and (lid not ntlempt to dixguiiie it. Indeed 
hia autocratic iu)lei.'«denis eeriuutily aflbcted 
hia tnlrrcourM* with his eoll)ta){ii'^S in the 
cabinet, whose meetinga he seldom nt tended, 
ninnfttfing his department without ci>n><ult- 
iti); them. During 1611 be aeldom attended 
a cabinet eonncil. At the same time he was 
so much affected by coiiscitutional DorTOu»- 
iiessthni, uniwilbAlunding his great oratori- 
cal power, he seldom epotio in pArliament, On 
oni- mi-morublo occtision of u debate on the 
ri-gfiicy bill, when be lifid ted liU colleaguea 
to aupjKv^e that he would give them n eor- 
dinl and vfl'eclive "upjuirt, he inainlainT'd lui 
abn'ilute silence, the cause of which hos 
never been fully expbtlned. It is generally 
lUtribiited to on invincible TiervnusneAi, and 
is flaiil to liave caused ^at tuittoyance to 
Welleslev bimisolf. 

On Iti' Jon. IHU Welleslcy tendered hia 
resigmttion to the prince recent, who, bow- 
ever, mon* than ouce i>n'S»ed him 10 retain 
luH iifEit*. On IS l-'wb. he Mas oSerwl, but 
refuM>d, the lord-lieutenancy of Ireland, and 



Wellesley 



220 



Wellesley 



On tli« following ilay Im Anally reKignwl. 
He Wftfl instAlInd K.O.on ftl M(i.rrh,whrnhf! 
withdrew from thi' wrtlor of St. Pulriclc- 
On 11 Mny thi' A.<uaMination of I'ercer&l 
CAUBL'd a ministerial crisis. On Uie "iiiiai 
Wellrr*lfy was pommiMiL>n«d by the jiriiicio 
r^at to wcertuin wlteibur a fuaiou could 
be hroti^lil about betweun tlie It^aiicra of thu 
tn-o [uirtitis on thu undLireUiadiiii^ thm the 
KomuLri cuLhoIic* were to ii« i«)i«ved from 
cm] di8iil)ilitiM and that the war should be 
proMOUtMl irith vitfotir. Cniining wiih witling 
to join, but Jionl Tiverpool and some of Ills 
coiteJi^i's rvfiui.-<l (•> hucomt,' tnttmbcr* of on 
ndraimstrution to he founded by Lord \\'el- 
leeley. 11© then communicated with lyords 
(Ireyitnd fiivnvi!le, who wen- quit l- prf[mn>d 
to support thfl removal of culholic diaubili- 
ties, but did not ehare his views lU to thi: 
yu^iacy op pocsibilitT of n riporous pixise- 
cuiioii of the war Up to this point Wt»l- 
lc«lcy had been employed bv the prince re- 
gent aitiruly to aijwrtAin ati^ repon to him 
tfaepoasihility of farming r governroeut in- 
cludiug roprciieulalivi's of thu two gn.-iit 
parlies ; bul. nii I Juni; he re^eivi^l authority 
to forta an admiiualrutioii. In this, hovr- 
evcr, he failvd, and on 8 Jtim* h^ tin- 
nouocod in the IIau.<iR of Lord« hiH re- 
tiipiation of the comtn isgion entniAtwl to 
him, obi<crviag that lie had failed in conwy 
qu«nce ' of the most druadful perM«inl a»i~ 
mositipfi and tht- most lerribii? diffieultieA 
trisiug out of cjiujdlcuU-d qui-Klions.' iiu 
BtibseqiieEirly explained tliat in Uf<in(t the 

E* rofiu ' druudful jiuivoiibI animoMtitie* b» 
d had in hi.'* mmd i^inl l.ivt'r[iivil and 
Eome of hifi colleOKUea in the admiiitsLration 
which v-attf into ollicit tipon \\'eU(Miley'» 
failure lo form one. I^rd hiver{KKil'« ^o- 
v*nim»Mt, which, it wasaupposed, would not 
laet long, IriMtol for fiftwn ywire. It met 
with reverses ot an early pt-riod of it^exis- 
tencf, but wa« naved by Lord WeUinf[ton"s 
victory at !^lauiant!A ou :^2 July 1H]:>. 
From that lime until ihi^ end of 18i'I Wel- 
liwk-y rL-muiuL-d nut of oHice, but durini; ihe 
greater part orthiiiiifritKlliHKhnwttdaunulivr 
inliirefit in tht- political (|ue8tionft of tlie day. 
Hii< virrwK iLttd lh[ifi.-(:>f bii* illostrion* briither, 
whom he had so loyaliv supported both in 
India and in 8puin, ^aaually drifted fiuarl. 
Ue opposed tin- rrt-aly of KoiiTaiiiohleiiu, fore* 
seeing that Nap'deoii would uot observe it, 
and on Xapoleon'a rvtnni from Klbu he op- 
posed ureacwal of the war, aud wa#in fiivour 
of recognising Napoleon ua a conalitutioniU 
ralur on the thrum- of France. <)n two im- 
portant dom»-«tit cjuesliona the * iewit of the 
two hrolhrni wurc absolutely discordant. 
Wtllt*lt-v vinn in fuvoiirof ivwioving the ili»- 



abilitiea of th« Koman catholicut, whiln Wel- 
Hnglon opponed any aueii meoBure antil ht 
and I'wl telt compslled by tho state of In- 
land to adopt it in 1(*^. Wetlwleywa** 
free-trader, while Wellinetoa BUppon«d a 
foYicy of protection to tbo vnd. Oq thit 
(jueation Welleiley was one of • nnall body 
of pe«rs who aigned a protest againitt a p^^ 
tective policy as imiKwmg an unjuM liinkii 
uponlheconAumer. Thiii prott-.-ii wafldiircinl 
aguinat a recommendation made in 1^)4 by 
H committee of the Huu«e of l^nU, tint a* 
long aa the pric« of wheat afaould he imdnr 
flO«. a quarter the ports should be clocc4 
ugaiuat Kupplii\<) from other oountrisA. 

But the most noTable point upon wbici 
tlie two brothers ditt'ercd was the (oreiga 
policy of the country. Tho man who h 
govcimor-gcneral of India had done so nndi 
to eiienu and con)«o]idatc our Indian e>> 
ptre, and whone military policy bad beea 
eftM'ntiaily a forward policy in India atwl in 
Spain, and morervcently n«fon!tgnKeTetai7 
in London, was now all for a policy of peace 
uud rt'lreiKihrneut. If it luidre«ted with hiia 
(here would havi- been no Waterloo c«i- 
paiga. .\fter the war the military chug« 
would havtt Ihv-ii at oucc rwluoid, and enry 
effort would hare been mado to ti^tcD lb 
bunleiui of the jieople. He was not, Iw*^ 
ever, prttparod to oppoMt the gnvemowBt 
during the crim in If^llil memorable for tbe 
' I'eterloo muasacrc,' when the peace of tfca 
i^ouDtry niemt-d 1-u be actually in danger. Ol 
that occaaion he supported the govemouBt 
in avitforous apeecb. UuettU cDotinu&id lu 
I't^ortH in favour of catholic ttninncipnl i'lntnii 
in support of a free-trade policv. In 1939 
Cieorf^rt III died, and in the followine yOt 
l..oTd <ireiiville and some of hi? foltowen 
havingjoined the Kovemment. Wellesley wu 
ngtvin olTerud, and on thia occasion accepted, 
till) poBi of lord lieuienuni of Ireland Ht> 
wifi, from whom be bad been pracCicaiij 
Mtpiiriitt d for ttomc yeans, lud dii-d on 5 Not. 
IHIB, and waa burit^ at IVnk ridge in Stat 
ford shin;. 

WelWIej''* appointment waa receivtdwitk 
ncr.lamution. Ite wila known to hare baa 
for many years in favour of Itomaa cathdie 
emancipation, and w'A.4 rlh'n^fori> accejXablt 
(o the Ltomon calbolics. With the protM- 
tAnts, or with what of late years haa btea 
called the Eogli^b garrison, iie wa& popvlv 
on account of the hrilliani tiublic serruw 
which hud been renduml br iiim aad by hii 
illuAlrious brother, and willi Irishmen g<«M- 
rallv Lliu fact of bi» being an Irishman \fj 
hirt.K told in hia favour. Ilialirat levfemi 
numerouslr attended by members uf iD 
parties. A( a meeting uf Rmuan catbolie 



1 



Wellesley 



231 



Wellesley 



l^-stleiiKm held in Dublin on 7 J»n. 182:2, 

D'Connnll pronounced b hij^ euloRuitn 

pon him, Kod luovod an iiddivM of eon- 

[ulation upon hit appointment, whicti 

aM»n<Ii?'l by Uictiani I.Alor tfhdd [a. v.] 

lUtf notwithstanding; those dutnuoatraitotiv. 

« dtlf)ciilLie« of tbr ait nation were verjr 

X and ape^dily bL-camii tnaiu(e«t. The 

•nnUy -vnn torn to pi«c«a by faction. It 

• boseTComtaf d br Mcret societioA. The 

to of tuio^ wa» tniw de»crib«l on 7 Frl*. 

Bi3 by John firattAn, the mn of the Iri&li 

^irioi , IleniT Graltan: 'Oaths wen> of little 

~bli^atioa, and hnman lifti of no TAltie.' 

the one baud nbbonincn and whiteboy» 

the Law and commitlod outrages of 

mastSrndidiDaiun'. On tUtt other hand 

orengemod, and Iboee who Hytnpathiaed 

ith tbfire, onpO!>(rd all attftmpts at coucilia- 

tk>ti,aud twik on vorly opportunity uf iii»ull- 

UI2 tho man who .-■trovp to nroniote a con- 

Hliatory nolicv and equal junticv. A few 

noolha aRiM' fiio arrival in Dublin Wellea- 

lejrhftd todi^il wilh the question nf allowing 

tlio decoration of Ibe statuv of WilHiim III, 

I crremonj which, being very distn»(4>rul to 

the Roman catholics, wax innoriablr nttrnd«>d 

if diatarbaocos. The king, Oiwrge I^^ had 

Uriaed that it dIiouUI bo diitcoiinieQanc^d. 

t/CoonftU, throo^h the prcsa, bad urged 

(^alleeley to prohibit it. Welleale^ deemed 

I prefaimble to act through the civtc autho- 

i^f Hod acoordinfrly the lord mayor, at his 

eqit««t, forbade tliedecnrRtinn of tht> statuv. 

&. riot cnane'd, and troops hail to be called 

mt to rMtore order. In the follmring month 

KVeIle«ley was insoltcd on tbn occuJoa of 

ua attending the theatre in state, and a 

■uart botthi wa« thrown ot his head and 

Enrrowly miseed him. Tbui outrage was 

pommitted nd I7 whitebors or rihtwnmon, 

but by th«^ foUow«!r9 of those who po«ed e« 

the party of onlir; and when Wellesley 

proaecnted for a treasonable conspiracy the 

merpetniiors of the outrage the Dublin gmud 

(jury thrf w out tho bill, and a rote of nenaure 

Jon the prosocmion mored in the JToiuy yf 

"^ommoiui was rej«cl«i not without diffirulty. 

^ellealey held hia office until after the death 

'Oanninft, who had given an active support 

his policy. He resigned in 1828, wuen 

brother the Duk« of Wellington became 

primr miniitt'T, pledged to a policy ofdistinct 

prolcatant ascendancy. Dunngbiii t**niireof 

ttSoe he did rxoUent. SfiTTice, Immediately 

iftttT his arrival he took measurw to suppreM 

I whiteboj insarrcction, which was then 

'ng, obtajoing for this purjioi>e the re- 

iment of the Insurrcctioa Act and the 

ion of the HabcBJt Corpiui Act. Hu 

tbe police, ile reformed the 




mapfttracy^ removing from tho bench tlioac 
incmberB of it who were noloriouB for tbe 
hitt<Tne« of thi-ir party prejudices. When 
in \b-2J, through scarcity of food, owing 
I)«rtly to the disturbed slate of the country 
and portly to natunl cuuaea, a oonoiderable 
number of the poorttat meEubeni of the oom- 
mtinicv wi>rv thnsatened with atonration, be 
organioed an eflective aysteni of n>Iiff, ob> 
taming a grant of 300,000^. from the gnrern- 
ment, and raising public aubachpUona 
amoimlinfc to 3.')0,l)00/. from Rngl*i^r<'od 
tn I-'jOiOOW. in Ireland, to which he oontri- 
biited AOOA out of his private purse. He 
also introduced and pasted a bill providing 
for compoVition for tithes, which at first was 
attended with aoue suDoae. Uu promoted 
increased facilitiea for commercial inter- 
course, and did ovorythlng in his power to 
mitigatf the liu^tilily vi-hicb i>x is leu between 
the protestant and liotnan caljinlic sections 
of ihe community. Uib view was that 'any 
adjustment would hi' vi-ry imperfect which, 
imtvad of extinguishing discontent, only 
tranafern-il it rrriiu the catholic to the pro- 
testaiu,' and ihrvt th^ great purpose 'of 
Mcuring the peace of the eaipin* would be 
aiiawered, not hy giving a Inumph to any 
one party, but by reconciling all (1'B.iBCX, 
Mnnoirg 0/ RirAard, Mar</uia Welletlfi/, m. 
339, ^40). His coursu wiL.<t besot wilh'difil- 
culties. He hod locouCcnd not only with the 
viulouw of the opposing fnctiontt in Ireland, 
but witli opposing views as well iu the cabinet 
iu London aa among tho officials who had 
been amiotnted to serve with him in carrying 
on thelocal government. The chief secretary, 
Henry Oautbum fq. v.], was u pronouoced 
opponent of tho catholic claims. Indeed h« 
was said to have bt-longed at one time to the 
Orange Society. I'eel, the humit nicretary 
in London, was a pronounced anii-catholic, 
so was Kir David Ilninl, the commander of 
the forces in Ireland. Indocd, the views 
untertainud by thu latter were BO strong that 
notwithstanding the high opinion which 
Wellesley cuiertained of biff aarncea at 
-■^rinflinpatam, where Baird commanded the 
assault upon that fortress, ht- found it niiece- 
sary lo get another commondfir of the furoM 
ill ihepi'raon of SirSamu<?l Aiii;hmuty[q.T.] 
appointL-d in his room. Whi-n WelWWy o^ 
gained the govL-mment the ofBw of nttomey- 
general wa* hi-ld by William Saurin [q.T.], 
a bigoted anti-catholic- Hi.* biijotry woa so 
intcjiw ihiil W.-llesley deemed it hia duty 
to remoTP him nlao, and in January IfciiJi ap- 
pointed W illism Conynghnm Pluulirt (aftcr- 
wanlsRa^^nPl«n]tet)[q.T.] in kisplace. A 
few months later, CharU^ Kendal Ruabeiq.r.], 
tht; solicitor-general, a supporter of catb<dic 



Wellesley 



222 



AVellesley 



etnufiipuioa, wu oppc^inti'tl cliiof justice iu 
th« place of Williftin liowues ( altsTwerds 
Biron Downet [q.vJ'l, wliu tuit n<tir»(I. 

Thv moct iinporl&nt Hervi<:n, Ituwfvur, 
which Wrflealay rendered was rliu Ruvpres- 
sion l>y l«w of th« secrwt itocH'li«i', Imin pio- 
tcatsnt And cntlinlic 

On i'9 Oct. 182.''. Wellwley nmrried for ibe 
Mvond time. Hi.* sprniid wife w«» ^Inrianni', 
lui Aniorican Itom&u catholic, the widow of 
Robert Patterson, and dauf;Iitvr of Richard 
Cston of BnUlnore. Sb« wa«g7anddiLught«r 
nf (.'linrlei (l'aro]l of Oarollstowii, irho, at bia 
de«tb in 1^3, WM tilt; loAl sun'iYtni:^ tigna- 
toTj of thtf declaration of American ind»- 
pendenre. She woa a woman of wealth, 
Deaiitv.ii'idn<(int>ni<int,aJid}iwriMiirriim'*wit)i 
Wt'ltr\'il.-y jrr*>n(lv inKreased the happinMs of 
the remaindor ofhis IJfv- 

It had loni; hA>"R ovidnnt that thi> Yi«w» 
of WcIWlflj and tUo DuIip of Wellinoton 
on thi> IComan catholic qiiv^lion entirely 
differed, trnd whim tht> duK'> hecani*> prinif 
mioiat-^rin I*SiS, Wellestey was not invit^J 
to join tboajiniini5trBbion. Tho twohpothers 
bad oa« pHUgo of armn iu the Jfousit of 
IjOrdit in Juno 1828, when Wellesley sup- 
portud a motion which had been carric'd in 
th*> commonx for the appointme&t of a com- 
Diittee to cnnaider the claims of tho catho- 
lics. On that offcaiiion thi* dulti- mntnndiKl 
tliat the state of tliinp* whirh thpn pxislt'd 
funiifhed securities which were indiipens- 
abl(^ to the security- of cliarch and Ktate, 
whiLv WeUe#Iev, arguing from hi« persooal 
knowledgi^ of ifreland, pronounced the eon- 
di t.ir>n of that country to DC uiditK.-l}'' to lend to 
a conciliatory i(>rmm»tion, orpalculatcd to 
effect thti dualred Btabilitv uf thv church, or 
to oeciire the rw-ottnbliubniMit of harnionv 
and peace.* Seven mnntba later thi> mea- 
aure which WeUeslej had ao long advocated 
was cnnrind by the duke, acting' upon thi* 
advico of Peel, m being essential to the 
peace of tb« country. 

WellMlev concurriKl in thi; policy of the 
Rtiforto Bill of 183^, the principle of which 
hfl bod oppoepd in 1793, but h« took nu part 
in the dcbalirt on It. After it wa* paft««il 
he WEifl apnointod by Lord Grey txt be bird 
steward ol the hmivehold, and eii)>#MiientIy 
nuiunnd the lord-lieutenanoy of m-laml. 
which he held until the dismissal of the whig 
minist^M by William ^V in IS-Tl. Hi* 
riowa M to the advantage of a conciliatory 
policy were unclianged.aoJ he endeavoured 
to givti eflVcl to them by TOCommundinu that 
morn Hoiiian catliolica abould be employed 
in the higher judicial posts and in other 
civil officM : but bin iiclminintration c-finiv to 
ui end wi^ the change of goremtne&t. 



When tho whies returned to powur in Ayri 

18;i<j be is *aid to hnvit i-xprMtAcd hi* vQ- 

lin^e»! to resume the government of itv- 

land; but political ties fed to thi- !!;"■■"■'•- 

I ment of Lord MusgraTC, and ^^' 

I btfCaiU'e lord c]iunl»rbun, resiKnn ,. .. 

I office in the following month, and Minn^ 

I finally from public life in his sevenlv-liftli 

I r-''ar. There was some diacossion in (Ab 

Ilouse of Ix)rd0 as to the resMQ of liis fitii«> 

iriL-nt; but Welleisley declined toexplunit. 

I Hi- lived seven yuani longer, residing gn^ 

rally at Kinffaton IIoitMt, Bromptoa, rnjoy* 

in(^ thu society of hia friends ana enplftyiu 

I much of hi* tim<t in pnjN-cotinfr those classi* 

cal studies which had luid a charm for bim 

sincrt big Eton davf. 

\\'t<liaT^ Wton that durinff hii* gove m n u nt 
(if India Wellealey's treatment by the eoBtt 
of director* of th« East India Compan; had 
not been aatififaclorv. They had borji im> 
able to appreciate biH policy and had bttu 
alarmed at th^ vnstncss of his plana. A 
l^at deal liitd happ'iii'rd jinci* tbos* iaj% 
And the reputation of ' the (Ireat fncaiaai,' 
as he is d>'»ijznattid by ono of Hs bw- 
eraphers (Tobkrss. TAe Marqvia Wriinltg, 
ISW), bad steadily riaen in public mtima- 
lion, Soin«? ^of IboM who baa b«« pscwih 
ally aL-{juninted with hit) senrioM in Ti& 
wt-nt now in leadinf; positions in Leadcolull 
Stre^pt. In 1637, it bein^ understood tbil 
bis private mean* were umbanaBScd, a gnat 
of 3(\00(U. was voted and was placed io lb 
huuU of the chairman and dcputy-cbainna 
of the company and two otber pnrmn u 
trui<tee6,to be applied at tbeir diacnciaa fo 
Wellesley'ji am bjuI benefit. About the amr 
time it was reaolved that copies of his dil- 
pabchns, which hod just been publiibtd, 
sboatd bo. distnbated larp^ly to the ciri! 
Bervantsin India(MjLHnx, Tkr Ikfpatelni, 
Minuf-ft, and Corre»pondenfe of the Mar^m 
IVtllcnitjf, K.G., during Au Admimitntiim 
in India); and in \S<i\, thn year bsftm 
h'u doath, a white marble statue was entttd 
in hilt honour in LeadonhoU Street. Oa 
that occasion, when aeknowledcinfr tlie mo- 
hition in which the wishes of toe KtsX Indtt 
Company w«re eommunieati^ to hiED.tod. 
af^f r huvine alluded in complim^-ntary tnntu 
tn tln! fwt that William Uui>.l<irworth Bay- 
ley, who was then Qlliag' tb': chair, had hrai 
in the cnrly part of tlm ctuturv on« of tbs 
young civil surranta eindove<! in tlie go- 
venior-fTcnorara office, WwfWIey npMtai 
the following* words which he bad med in 
returning til an k* to the inhabitants of Oll- 
cntta on 2 Mnrch IBni for an addres pi*- 
sunted to him at tbe cloee of tbe MOOad 
Mahratta irar : ' The juot object of pubUe 



Wellesley 



223 Wellesley- Pole 



Iwnoun is not to adoru a favoured character, 
VOT to extol individual n-puiat ion, nor to 
truumit ma external itamv with lustre to 
fMtoritv, but to commemoratt- public scr- 
Ticeaancl to purpctuBtv pultlic pr'inciplee. Tbe 
eoiucioua»Mi*«of tll(.■ul(lFivI•)>,objttl:ls,and^>- 
suLl8 of mv wndeavours lo »rre my roiintrv 
in llita unfuous vtittinu inopin-* ine vriilt an 
unfeignedaolicitQiletliatth^principIiiswIiicli 
I T»v9n should be pr^Hrwd for llm xi'viiril y 
of tluv int«r'^it« now enlrusred to my clwrp' 
aai destined hereafter to engage niy IuiIdk 
ant] af}V.-ctioQnt« attachnitnt.' 

The mo*t brilliant part of Wellesley's 
career wbj iinquestion&bly his eoveniroent 
of India. Uu mutt be m^arded as one of 
the Ihrwtr iui*n who cif>nsotid«ted the empire 
of which Clivc laid th« foundation. In 
many rvspvcis h»i rvrfrnMed DaUiouitiv more 
than Hastings ; but tb(! ditScullies which he 
Tia called upon to encounter n-uru ureater 
tlikn tboMT which coiifronuxl DalTiouftio. 
E& Bernces in ^pain as ambassador tu tliu 
Spanish Jimts, and his !iub«P4}iiirnI action as 
ferai^ BoCTVtary in I*ndon, must bere^:erded 
■s lia.rinff largely conduc«d to th(> cuccessof 
ibe i'cniDJinlBr war in the indefatigable 
mppurt which he B:ave lo Iiis illustrious 
brother. His policy in Ireland was wiMtand 
Jiateuiiaalike. Thit^ cannot be said of the 
fyttign policr which Im advocated in 1@I4 
axid utorwAfilB, when, if bis v'utks hud pro- 
vailed, the M«C« of Europe wliich follownl 
thft downfall of XnpoliTon would have been 
indefinitely postponed. As a nieinb«T of u , 
MBstittitional ((ovcmmeni- such im iJiat i>f 
(inrai UHlnin be wassomvwhat out of pluce 
owing tn bis aristocratic habits and I ho con- 1 
tempt -which ho felt, and did not aMemnt 
loconot-al, for thfi fnilirigs of his lo^ able i 
OoUewieB. Mackintosh called him ' a «u1- 
taoizM Eniilishinan.' ITit vtm fond of dis- ! 
play, but hi-re be seems to have bevu uctuatvd 
no* eo much by vanity, althougli Ijp wm by 
DO OMMns fpM- from )k-lf-eonitoioiianeH&, as by 
a deliberate conviction of tb» expediency of 
mainlainina pomp and stat«, Mpecially when 
divling witli orit-ntalK. 

llix stvie of writing and sp«aking vtas 
largely ajfectod bv his constant study of the 
great omtors aiiil jMk-tH uf antiqaity. Al- 
thoufib hf- prnfej'sed tha grt<sl'.-Bt uduin- I 
tion for the oratorv of IKwiuisthBneti and the ] 
terse writing ol taciiua, the model which I 
h» ptacticallr followed was to he found iti 
tht! more i]iffuB«^ spo^chM of Cicem. 

He was gift«d with a keen sense of humour 
and was a ver^' popular member of society. 
e^cially witfa the fair sex. Notwitbstand- 
lof bia indefatigable daTotion la his public 
AaKM, hifl puisuita in bJa momflota of leisure 



were those of a man of |deasure, u w«U in 
middle age a.^ in youth. 

In the latter part of bi» life his chief 
friend was Lord urongham, whose gilYs as a 

I scholar nmde tlniu cunit;L'uisl companions. 
\\Vll«sley continued bin dttwiical ntudiivand 
writings up to the lost ye-or of his life. In 
1S40 he privately ]>rintnl ^aiid oflvn rerisM) 
later) a little book entilled ' I'rimitiip el 
I'rlii[utn-,' fi>r thv most part composed of 
r.at.in vers^ri written hy him at different 
periods of his life. In 1IS4 1 , on the occasion 
of a Matuc ln'ing i-rwK'd in honour of his 
brother by the citizens ot'Loiidun, ho wrote 

I a Latin in.'criplion. Several of his Latin 
poems Bpi'ear-.-tl in the ' Anthulogiu Oxoni- 
ensis.' But Wellesley's literary sludien were 
not contlnt^td i o the anri'.-nt dairies ; he was 
a good Italian scholar and hud an extensive 
linowledge of the Italian poets, and cspe- 
cinlty of l>antu, Sbakwpuare also was often 
qiiotnd ill hl« leiveni ana de^iatclies. 

Wellesley died at Kinnton House, Bromp- 
Ion, on 'M Sept . 1 R42 in his pighly-t bird year, 
an<l wax buried at Kl^on in the college chapel 
on H rict. His widow, who was a lady of 
tho bedchamber to the QuMn-dowagvr Ade- 
laide, died at Uamptiju Court Falact on 
17 lice, 1863. 

I'he host portrait of SVeiloeley is by Sir 
Thomas Lawrence, and a good sitelch wa* 
luadi! bv Count U'Crsay in 1841. Portnutd 
hy J. lioppnur and C. Fortewcuu But« are in 
tfin posse-SAion of the Duke of Wellington ; 
and a third, by George Itomney, is at £ton 
College. Two portraits of Wellesley by J,l\ 
Davis, andamarble bust byjohu Uncon.aro 
in the Nationol Portrait Gallery of London. 
A bust is also ut Kton. \ luarhlu statue, 
subscribed for by Uhtish r^sidenlci, waM 
ureirted in Qovetrnmant Houm, Caicuttu. 

[Moat^omeoy'sllartia's Duspatches, Mioaies, 
and Cornispon donee of th« Vari^nis WdUcalay, 
K.I.]., during his AdmiDistratioii I'l lodia. Lon- 
don. I83S 7. 5 vols. 8to: Seleclioas from Wal- 
losloy's DrspntchM, cd. Slilnoy J. Owen, Oxford, 
I8EI7 ; Poiircr'i MMnoin and CorTwspondonc* of 
Uartiniii 'Wellesley. I^i6: MallMon's Life of 
the Man\ni.t Wellethry (Btitt^smcn S>-^p«], 1RH9 , 
Tliortitun'a Iliil.uf the Itriljih Empire iu loilui, 
1813, Toi. iii. ; Torr«Bs's Marquis WcllHley, 
1880; Button's Marqnis Welleslsy (RdIcth of 
Iu.!iaS.TiM.). 1893.1 A.J. A. 

WELLESLEY-POLE, WILLIAM.thitd 
Ki.RL OP JlonxiXGTOV in the peerage of Ire- 
land and Qri.1 Uxnas Mabxbobocsh of the 
tiniitfd Kingdom (l"6S-l(Mo),bomat Dan- 
gan Cattlu on 20 May 17tt.^, was the second 
winof (Inrrelt Wellesley, limt e*rl[q.v.],and 
the hmtherof the Marnuis Wellesley and the 
Duke of Wi?llingl«R. Having been'educatod 




VVelleslcy-PoIe 




Wellesley-Pole 



»t Cum, In Mmd Eor » unit! in ibe omvj. 
Id 1778 h* tmamei the additional nasM of 
VtAtt, oD beeooung Iwir to tho mtatm <t Us 
eoosio, WUIiuB Prtle aF BallTfia, Queen's 
Countr. whose morlier wu dftUfthtvr ot 
Uefirv'OonejofCAAtli-Carbury.fUW brother 
of RTch&rd Collev WelleslOT, fint banm 
Huraiwton [q. v.] Fran. I'As Ui 1790 fa« 
wl for Tnm in the Irub parliament, and from 
thai det« till I7M repneenied Rifi Low in 
th«t of Oreat Kriuin. Ta \><i\ he wu elected 
for QuHD'aCuuntv, vhicb be continued to 
i»t»[eMinf fnr rwrnlV Tf m On ISMaylAOS 
be neonded HftwheslHU^'t notioQ mmroTiDg 
the treaty of Amieoa, and in the followinff 
Julj was umed derlt of the ordnanee. In 
the aoecMdiiiff wB W on* he vigoroujlv de- 
Ceaded the poSej at bin brother, Lor6 Wei- 
ledej, io India, oourtinj; m fell inve*ti)^tion 
of the cbareee made a^ituu him by James 
ftaH Tq. r.j and others. He aim deCeoded 
Melville when impMched. <fa the return of 
tbe tofiee to power after Ibe death of Fox, 
Welleatey-Pole recuiDed hi«fonn«rofioe,but 
on 34 Jnne 1h07 ezcban^ it for tbe Mcre- 
taryshiptothe admiralty. In October 19U9 
be wsa appointed by Tunnval chief uereiAry 
fbrlivlaaa and a pn*y cuuncillor. Ilia pt*- 
daoeeaor in the office had heenhis own brotner, 
Sir Arthur WelleaLey, wboM elevatioR to the 
peen^ Lord Coldke«t«r endita bin with ob- 
tainiQff. SVellMley-Pole'fipniodofoffieewas 
narkra by tbe renewal of tbe moTemeat Cor 
catholic emancipation. His nttempta at re- 
prunon bv tbe (;nr'>rcement of the Conven- 
tion Act,Vi» cireular tn Iri»h maffMiirafee. 
and thtt proclamation i^-bich followed it, and 
his uu*uccetu<fiil ]mM4>eutionof thedelqifatfts 
to tlie Dublin convdniion, w«re much criti- 
cistjd in parliament and turned him fj&tt 
unpopiikritv. W.'llesley-I'oli- was tin- cbiff 
supporter oi I'eroival in Iub n>*i*ti»«i* to tii*- 
OOOceHonofthecathoIicclaims, OnSlDec. 
1811 be drew up a confidential m<-Rinnindiim 
on ihe BubjfCt addnwspd to tli« home sMre- 
tarr, but intflndi-d fur circulation in the 
cftbinyl. In thin pap.-f ( which 1* printetl in 
full in \Vai.poi.k'8 Life vf Percti-at) Wel- 
lealey-PoLe baaed hia oppiKtition Io coneea- 
■iona largely upon a booK n>cently tioaod by 
the catholiu, in which thfy had clume<1 
tbree-fourtba nf the oflicefl in Inland. 

In March 1613 Perceval proposud bis name 
for admiaaion to the cflljint-t, hiit the ivfrent 
p«i«mptorily n>fii9ed unle^* [lit Marquis Wel- 
lealey ware'head or pari, of tho g-ovcramtiit 
fBi^onSBHAM. C<ntrt and Cabinftf of the 
Ur^enni, i. 208). In tW fnllowing month 
>VtjIleslev-PfiIe ia ftftid to bare made *a 
niiserabh' lipJre 'in the debate on Oraltan'* 
motion foracommitteeonthecatholicclaims. 



Bat in Mair Hli Well»lew-Pble became r- 
eoncilad with Wellealey. and formally ae- 
qmacad ia tbe lattec't liberml viaws oa lb> 
eatbolte claima {A. p- ^^>. In AucnA he 
rBaigned tbe dueFeecnCatyabipandtnBcbia* 
eellorahip of tbe IHah excbnfiuir, and waa 
Mieoaeded by Peel. IIi^ remun«l in «n<^ 
aition to taord Liverpnol until on 'X anC 
1S14 Liverpool mointed him maator of iba 
rointfand nve bnB a seat in bU cmhuiet 
In April of the followiaj; ye«r Wellealey- 
Pole wen; with Lord Ilarrowby to 111 iimali 
to Mnfer with WeMingtoil u to tlie i&paB* 
tioD of tbe aUiiM and Bb» atwng— unM for 
the coming t-ampai^ 

On 17 July IttSl hi- wa* created a peer of 
the ITniti^ Ivinploni with tha titl« of Btma 
Maryboroufcb. lie shared Welling on'# di»- 
appmral of I.on] Wellealey's pohcr in Ife- 
land, but ftood alone in the cabtn>rt in oppo** 
ing a mensorc for tbe enforcement (u ibe 
Uwa againat tbe aeorel »ocietira < VtmrUaal 
€^imutto/<hm«ir,\.U\ 2). InAu|Ut 
IBlK he reaigiiea tbe mint and left the eabi* 
net to maka room for Canning'e adhereaL. 
William Hoaldaaoa [q. v.] lie thought hiia- 
Milf'Bhan«fiiUydeeeiTed.iIl-uead,andabaii- 
doo<^ ' (A. it. T), though h* was made mastrf 
of the borkhatinds as an bonnnrablr retiie- 
nii^nt. He never again held cabtoet offitw. 
though he wan pontmuter^^neral in Sr 
Robert Peel's abort minictrr of I R34 ~5. Oa 
Ibe death of the Marquis W'ellealey in IMS 
besoeoeedodto the Irish earldom of MnniiBf* 
ton. He died in Qrixvenor 8quar«, London 
on 33 Feb. 1^1. 

Momington married, on 17 May I 
Katberioe Eliiabeth, daughter and ouhn 
of Admiral John l*Wbw ( i:i*-17»6) ;q. r.) 
She surrired to the a^re of nin«4y^>oe, dviog 
on 23 Oct. 1851. Of their three daufhtera. 
Mary Cliarlotto Anne married Sir C'barle* 
Bagol; Emily Harriet, FiRld-narahal Fits- 
roy James Henry Somursel, Brvt baion Ra^ 
Un [q. T.' ; and PriaciUa AniM, John Fants 
eleventh ««rl of W«atraorland [q.v.J 

Tbe »oa, Williau Pole Ttutby l/txn- 

WSLt-ESLBr, fourth KtRL OP MoH.M>Ai;ir]( 

and MCCAd lUnox MARWORorAH (1788- 
IS-iri.bom on ^ Junu 17^8, assumed tbi 
ailclttinnal nam*>it r>f Tylonyljona on hi* 
marriagf in ISlS with Catherine, aiMer uid 
coheireea of i^ir Jam^s Tylney-LcnSt hat-* 
of Drayeot, AVtti.«hiT<\ The name u am- 
momorated in a well-known line of'l 
jectfd Addreaaes : ' 

61«m every man poatoaa'd of aught to gJTt; 
Long may LoogTilney Weltoaloy Loq^Pttlal' 

(Loyal Sfiuion by H'. T. i^.r^TemM]). 
lady bta, besides a large personalty, i 






rn Eawx mad tiuDfiobirv Mii>l (o bs wDVth 
ooiuidftrnblr over a million ft jienr. 8he diM 
on 13 i^pt. l**'25. Her hugbanil wus gvne* 
mllv chargi-<l with liATin); run llimiicFli thin 
property, hut t bi.i h*" was <innbl>> to (l",liiitUig 
onljr alifpint'^rwl. In |K'.'8,tlir>t« ywir«a(lor 
the ikutUi of hi.* tirst wiff^, liff mnrriiii liin miH- 
tT«H, Ileleoa, dkU);lit«r of Colonel Tlminas 
l^tcrwn, and widow of Captain Tliomoj' 
Bligli of ibe C\>ld<<lrean guard*, lie l«d 
a vtry diaaipated lifi^. and woa deprived of 
the custodj ofhis cbildrwD by thv court of 
chanear;, and in July lh:il committed to 
the Fleet hr I^ord Bmugbam for cnntcmpt 
ofooiirt. Tim maU«r wa» brtiii|;bt Wforc 
the eoniinitl^o of pririleeea of thf Ilmiw? 
of Commone {GreniU i*^™«V», nww edit. 
ii. I60w.) I.ong-W.-ll.^iW nut for Wilt- 
shire from IWe 10 IHi'O, 6l. Ivfs 18*>-I, 
mid Kssex I^I -'2. lie was nn« of th)^ n-- 
traU-itraiil torii'8 who on l.'» Nov. IS-'K) duc- 
oee<led in dufeatln;; th« WeltioKtou miniBtry 
{Walpole, Hi'gt. ^f En'jUmd /mm IHir,, tii. 
191). Ill lii» tattt duvK Lti nulwixti'd Upon 
th£ibount%-of his uncle, the Dnkc of Velling- 
t on, and <li>;(l in lod|{infri! in Mhtlt Streol, 
Mancbft-Htpr Sqaarf, nn 1 Jiilv IHfi?. 

The obituary- notice in the ' Mominfi Chro- 
nicle' Mjs thfir In* WHS nxlti.Tni'd by no 
Bitt|il« virtue, adorned by no flingli- grace. A 
portmit by John Uonpncr is in the pomrn- 
BJon of Ihp Dulte of Wellington. 

HtH eltlejit son by the fini wiff, William 
Rirhard Arthur, fifth pari of Momin^^n 
<li<M \'^y-\), diM unmarried at I'uris on 
26 July \«B&, when the Irish earldom of 
Moraitigloiii PiMvd to tba Ouks of Welling- 
ton uid tlm English bamny of Mnryborougb 
bcrauifi vxtinct. 

|Burk« '■ IVp*»g«' ; G, K, CTokiiyni'V'' I'ceraR*; 
Aao. R«c. 184A. j^pp. to Chron.. pf. J't^-I; 
S. WalpolfV Mfo of Fereevnj. ii. ^tS-dl. 2.Vi a.. 
270; l.<jr.lf..tfhr«t«ir'« Din^. ii. 23*. S98, iii. 
390 ; t>i«nr of R. P. Ward (Phippe'i Hemoin) : 
ToDgeVUfoof Lir*fpoAl. t. 42A, li. 173, lit. 392; 
Courta and Cabinnlii of Ilio H«gi'ni-y nod of 
QeorKv IV, ]ia««tm ; Wollinitloo Cnrrctp. vol. ir.; 
Haydn's Bfwk of I)ignili«it; U«nt. jJl.tK. 1857, 
ii. 21&. frtim 'Monting Clirunirb; ' anlliontiiia 
cited ; Kvant'ii Cat. Ktur. I'onraiW.1 

O. U O, N. 

WELLS. [See also Wbtxm] 

WELLS. CHARl-ES JEItKMIAH 

(]79y?- IH79), poet, vaa lorn, pmbablT in 
or near London, of parents of wnom 
nothing is r^conled exi^pt that tht^y Ihv 
looged to tlitt middle cla.oe, At'Cnrdine to 
Itui atalMniint in writing, the vear oi \\\t 
birth WHS 1)>4Xt, but h^ tipok'} of bimMlf at 
the clow of his life as an octogenarian, and 

TOL. LZ. 



wbra it neooiideeed chat, he waaold enough 
in l^IlE to fiend Eeata a present of ro9e& and 

rt.'cvivv a sonnrt in rvLurii. which M-i-ms to 
imply an aftiuaintaiit^ of Mime duration, 
il can liardly he doubted ihsl be waa BOtne- 
wlml nliU't than he «fti'n*'ard» rf-prwwntod 
hinuielf. He had be«'n tlii* schoolfellow of 
KfuitnV young»?r brother Tnm at Cowdwn 
Clarki'V nchno^l at Kdmonton, when* Kr*4it.9 
himiielf was educated, and where Iticimrd 
Henry nonn.' [<y. v." wm n pupil in Wclln'e 
lime. He tbut obtaini'd iiiiroduction to the 
litcmry circle in London, of which Keats, 
l^igh Hunt, and Haslitt wcro u*:mbcrB. 
lie K|>T>ean> to have been ««pecially inlimale 
with Hozlitt, and was on friendly tenn« 
with. Kfotii until tlmir nt^iiaintario* waa 
diasolred by a practical joke thnai;l]lle«ly 
and cruelly played ijtf by Wvlls upon 
Kp«t.<i'R invalid hrollii>r Tom, nf which 
Keatfi speaks with bitier resentment. 
Wells mi^nwhile had cnicn-d a solicitor's 
officL', and, after iterviug bis oniclea, cun- 
menced practice aomi-where about IF^IH). 
Ho had bm-n oomiidcrt^ buckwanl and 
inattentive al *chonl, but he atli-o<li-<l Ilax- 
litt's U>L>tureti, and hla first book shows tlmt 
ht^ muni linve been proficient in linlinn. 
Wellfl's ' Stories after Naiiirp,' published 
iinfmymniiiily in 1^22 (London, 12ino), are 
tJio nfure-tt approach to the Italian ivort'lctte 
that our lirerature can ohow. Simple in 
plot, yet generally foiintled on some striking 
idea. impn"Mivtt in their conetMncM, ana 
highly imuginatire, tbey are adTanlageotuly 
distinguished flrom their modeln by a larger 
infusion of th« poetical vlt'nieiit, but lull short 
of them in ortistic structure and iiarrative 
poiror, and the «tylv te oocasionally dorid. 
They would have Ixt-n higblv appreciated in 
the Eli2ub{'than a^, but i!ie great subae- 
qui-nl rnrirhmenl and <'\|iniision of the novel 
left little room for them in Widls'a day. 
Tlicy jiaMed without remark, and, except 
for a noiic* in the 'Monthly Ri'poeitoiT ' 
by K. U, Home in lua*}, were absolutely 
forgoltm until in 1846 W. J. Linlon riv 
priutedafew in LiK 'Illuminated Magniiue' 
mun ' the only copy I ev>^r saw," picked oft 
a booksiaU in 184^. The 'Stoni-s' weru 
reiasued by Idnton in a limited edition in 
1891. 

Sitoilar neglect att«ndfd Wells's next and 
muc-h mor« atnbitionA performanw, the now 
celebrated dramatic poem 'Joseph and his 
Rrelhrco,* writt^in, according to bis own im- 
probable statement, at twenty, aitd published 
under the pseudonym of ' 11. L. lloward,' 
in December 182'H, with a titlu-]ia^ dated 
1824. This fine work, though pronounced 
by HusUtt ' not only original but aboriginal/ 

4 



biled CO elicit so much &« sd utack: and 
notfttraooof it olfl bi> found until, in ISST, 
it w nstoed M-ith ndmiratinn bv Tiioma.) 
W«de fq. v.l 

Welli! probably retnuiiuHl in town until 
1830, for in that year bie- |>Uc«cl a. mnmnrial 
in St. AnnoV, Sunu, lo llazlitc. whose dailv 
associate Iw bad at one timK bi^ri, but fnim 
whom he had lalterlT htten estnng^. About 
this tiiDH, partly fnim rva] or ims^ioary 
apInvbt'n.Mons ammt hi* hnallli, putlr from 
general disgutiBfaotion n-iih his position, be 
renounced \iu nrolwbly not vcrr lacmtivL- 
pr&utico OS a solicitor and retired to Walen, 
where he gave binuclf up ulmost ontiraly to 
field sports. In i&S!> he removed to Brox- 
bouroe in Ilerlfordsbin*. and follQWfd the 
une cour«L< of lift-. About ibis time he 
Tnarriv! Kmilr Jntif- ilill. >tti<tiT'in-litw of 
William Smith Williams 0f*O0-lfirr)),whow 
name ia rt'ui(.'ui1x.'n-d in cunnection with 
tbn lit«-rary hiatory nf C'lutrlollw ISmnt^. 
In 1840, posBibly on uccouni of impaired 
means, he miuralj-d to Uritfany, and was 
for Kjme time pmfi^iuior of Knglish in a 
college at Quimper; he npwenrs, however, to 
faiiTf continued to follow tn(3 rhuse with lu- 
siduity, and to have been on iiitimntv t4.TBU 
with the Breton nohle*sr. The literary con- 
DKCl^on with En([laud, which SLH-inud lo hiLVL' 
died away, wba reTived throusb W. J. Lin- ' 
Ion's action, already mentlnneif, in reprinting 
some of fhf 'Storiwi nft^r Nnlure.' ^Vell?. 
1«ftming the fart throijjrh the youngifr Wuz- 
litt, contributed n Htrikiit[r tale, ' CUribol,' 
h)Liuton'4*IlUiminntod Mu^rinc'for lti4o, 
and offered nnother, whicli [.inton declined, 
and which nppLfirt to have been lost. He 
bIbo wrwle (wo papcK on Bruton i!ubji>cti> 
in ' Fraser's MagOKme,' Some limi? afler- 
wardfi ho e&nm on a short trip to KnKland 
and riiiled Lininn, who de-Arrilx-H him ii» 
*R small, woathnr-wom, wiry man, looking 
like a fe-port^tuHn or fox-hiinter.' This may 
have been in 1W50, when Mrs. Welln wa.* 
in London endeat'ouring to find a publisher 
for ' Jottpb and bis Brutfarvn,' which bad 
andergone a thorough revision. Noneoould 
be temptod,and the revised copy ^rent aatray. 
Extract:*, howevt^r, had got uknil, and af^er 
KMveral vetim cnme into the hand* of Mr. 
Swinburne, who. utnler thu additional stimu- 
luE of a highly iLpprecial ive notice of Wells 
bv I>. <i. Kowptii in ilchri.'<t'B 'Life of 
£lake,' composed wn eloquent and Renerous 
panegyric which unfnrtimfttely did not 
appear until publiabed in the 'Fortnightly 
Review' for Fibruflrr 1876. juat too late to 
prsvent the irt:;neml holocaust of his manu- 
scripts whi(-h Weils had nude upon his 
wife's di:ttth in the precoding jaar — < a 



met. 

I 

vMv I 



novel,' he says, ' three volumes of stofHt, 
]M>ems, one odvancitl epic' Two trmgndies 
eiititltrd ' Dunslan ' and ' Taiierede, oiid 
u poeui on Uaccbus and Silenus, are alw> 
mentioned mg hBvin|; once been inexJitenccu 
Stvtnbunie'it •^uc'Oininm, however, prodi "' 
the Inng-lacking publisher for ' Joseph/ 
Well*, who wax now living at ManieJl 
where hU son, aflern-ards celebrated in 
nvction with Slonte Carlo, was pnctising 
an engineer, once moiv' parted mtooctiviiy, 
and produced another revision, which ap- 
iwared in 1676, under the ealiiorial care of 
Mr. iiuxtoii yorwan, with a prefatory note 
by Mr. •Swinburne. One additional ec«ae, 
considurbd too long au interpolation, wot 
n^trenehed, but was iirinted by Mr. FotlBaii 
in the first volume of ' Literary AnocdoCM 
of the Nini-let^ntb (Vnturv' (1896). Be- 
tween IRiti and \i*76 W'elU carried out 
a new reviaiun of his work, with copioui 
ndtlitimiM. Til" inaiiuNrnpt reinainft iu the 
hands of Mr. Formon, who cuutemplslee ita 
publication. The title wa» to ttnve hem 
all«rod,not very felinitoualy, into tha Egyp- 
tian form of Jotepb'a name, 'S«pbeo«tli- 
Phaanecfa/ and it wa.« to hare btwi de£' 
caled lo It. 11. llorne. During the lasl 
year of his life Wells waseonGnoa to bed by 
a puiuful and inouniblv malady, but wme 
nevertlielrAs tu Mr. Fonnan, 'I on at 
cheerful aa the day is long.' lie died at i 
Mont^-e des Obtal^ Jantio de la CoUiar, 
Slar«cill.:-fl, on 17 Feb. 1870. 

' Stories from Nature ' being but a slight 
though a charming l)ook, WeliVs reputatua 
mu6t re^t cbielly upon bin dranuttc poem. 
It is trulr poetic&l in dittion, nnd often 
masterly lu the dvliueatiou of character ^ 
hot it.1 i-^R-cial merit ia the fidelity witli 
which the writer reproduces tbu gnul 
KUuibi-tbiin mnnuiir with no approach tfl 
serviliLT of imitation. lie is as much a 
bom Kiiuibethaii a« Keats in a Ix^m (Iruek ; 
his :«tyle is that of hia pnidweaeor^, and vet 
it seems his own. It must have been im- 
poasible for him In draw I'otinhar's spouw 
without liaving ^li&kospeore s Cleopatra 
continually in hi^ mind, and jvi hit 
Plinixanur i« nn original creation, 'tlit 
eiilit<* draruu coiivey.H tht; impreaaion of an 
emnuation from an opulent nature to which 
pnidtiriion wa8 easy, and wbicli, under the 
siiuitiliia of Bopnlar applause, might hart 
eone on proauctng for an indefinite period. 
The ili^fect which barred the way to fiuw 
for him was rather moral than lilerar>'; L« 
hiid no very exalted standard of art and 
little diaintenwted passion for it, and wli 
its rvword sfemcd (injiislly withheld, 
cost liim little to reliu^iiUli it. 




Wells 



M7 



Wells 



Wellfl'» ]»rtnil, frnm a miniftture taken 
ftbouc IS'^, baa been reiiroOuced in the 
scconij edition of 'JoMipli Aod his Brethren' 
1 1876) and in ' Lit«nrj' AnecdoMi of the 
MttMtasnth Ceotar}-.' 

[H. Bnxtoti FonoaD in Hiloe's Poets Mid 
Pottrj "f tht CVolurv, rol. iii., and in Litrrapy 
AB«alot«8 of tlM !fin«Ut«ch Ooniiir7, i. 391- 
8IB; W.J.LintoniDbisprafHiCfl to8burif<s aftor 
KatUTV. 1691 ; A. C. Swinburne in ttie Korl- 
oightlf lUvivw, Vnbmuj 187A, nad ia hix fn- 
&0B to JoMph and hit Br«Uin>Q, 1676 ; E. W. 
O0M» in Uis Aoidomx. I Mnreli 1870: 
Atli«airani,fi I'eU !S7<, 8 HAreh ta7».| 

WELI;8,EDWARD(I«it7-1727),in«the- 
Boatician. (feogrspher, and divia^!, eon of 
Edward \V(.-IU. vicar of Ooraham, Wiltshire, 
wu born in ItJuT. Ue wm adniiuvd inlo 
Westminster school in lU^U, and was thence 
nl»rt<n1 to A Hhdlarshi]) at Chmt Church, 
Oxford, in 1080. He graduiilvd B.A. in 
1600 and M.A. in ItU.'). On 10 July IGOi 
h* d«livert>d the ontiun uu Btshup Bi>ll, 
tor which John Crotu, an npoth^car)-, hikd 
left a bune&ction. He was inducted to lh« 
rx l ory of rW^tubiicii, l^iowt^rrabirw, on it Jan. 
1701-:^, and be accumulatnd th« cl««r«e8 of 
B.I>.nnd DJJ.onoApril I70i. On^d Match 
1716 he WW instituted to the reetorr of 
Bletcbley, Bw!kingba^uhirv,oathep^)acutn- 
tioaofhtaformerp^uil, BrowRri Willis. Ho 
took advanta^ of tlit> pulpit thero ' t» mark 
out by slander hiii tjnnf fiurtnr, l.li« verv man. 
wlio Df mifitake, in an uncommon iniuinf.r, 
gavd him th« wtand and opportunity of his 
behaTiour*lNirHOij!,7,('r.><ii«Ktoto.vi, 187). 
In repelling this attack Browne Willia pub- 
lisb«si atractntccntitlod' Itctlcctiniit Sermons 
conNidcn^iJ; DccasioiwdbyKvvral Diwounes 
dt'livcrwl in tba Paiiah. CbiircH of lliel«hley.' 
WvlU died. pMsceMd of both his livings, on 
1 1 July 1737, and wait htirii-d nt Ontwdwdi. 
Re waa esteemed one of tht^ most accurate 
gnafitmpbers of his tzmv. 

Among his numerouA works arc: : I . An 
edition of Xt^nopbon's 'Memorabilia' and 
*n<>f«'nc« of SocrUet,' Greek and Latin, 
Oxford, 1690, 8vo. a. 'Klemonui Arith- 
mcticm numerossotspccioan,' Oxford, IdUB, 
8ru. 3. ' A Treatise of autiont and pre- 
wot Geography, tO([elher with ii nvU of 
mape iu fo4io,' OxfoiS, 1701, 6ro; 4t.h edit. 
IiOndon,172a,8vo: fith edit. 1738. 4.'T^t 
riiXoi «Qi r^e n'f Oitm,-ftiyr)s rT«f»i^crLr, Biye 
I>i(inyi*ii <Ipogni^)hia emendata et locuple- 
tata, ndditionp scilicet (teographiie hodiem.f 
GfKco Carmine pariter donatie. Cum XVI 
Tabiilts fTOOgraphieis,' Oxford, 1704. 170U, 
8ro; Loudon, 1718, 172(i, 17»d, 1761, 8vo. 
' Some Testimonies of the most eminent 



m. 



English I>isseiiteni, as also of fon>ign re- 
formed Churches and Divines, oooceminff 
thelawfulneoHoftbe RitmamtCerciDonieaoi 
tiie Churefa. of England, and the Unlawful- 
neas of separating from it' (anon.), Oxford, 
1700, 8vo. 0. 'The InvoUdity of Pwiabjr-j 
terian Ordination profoJ from tin? l*reabj 
turians' own Borl rinu of ibu Twofold Urderf 
or a summary Vievr of what has passed in 
pfiatfoVBrsy betwuen Dr. Wells and Mr., 
I'iwrce... concerning;! hwInvniidityofPreabj 
tarianOrdinstion/Oxfnrd, l'07,MT0.7,'T>t>»-" 
tiaes, deaiRned for th« use and benefit of hts 
porishionen, diM(>nt.ing on wc-ll as eonform- 
ing,' Oxford. 1707, tlyo. Those are six sepa- 
ratt^ly puhltfthedtmcts, with a collective title- 
page. 8. ' Kpislola ad AutUorcm anotiymum 
LibelUnoniiapridemediti.cuiTituliiJi'Stric- 
lurinbnjvus in Episl-olas D.D. OfnuvL-nsium 
ol Oxoniensiuin, Oxford, 160)^ [mistake fur 
1708], 4to, i). ' An bistcirical Geo^aphy of 
ibe Nt'w Testament . . . ndoruud witli maps ; 
ill two part*,' Idwdim, 1708, 8vo; 2mi '••lit.. 
1712; 8rd edit. 1718; ni'wedit.publi-ihedbjr 
the Socivfy for I'rnnioting CIiriMliuii Know- 
lodge, 18.^. 10. 'An historical llo>t;r^phT 
of the Old Testament,' Ixindon, 1711-13, 
8 vols. 8vo. This, M*ith the 'Oeonaphy oi 
the New Testament,' was reprinfra at Ox- 
ford in two volumes, 1801,iind again in 180B. 
It. 'Tht; Youug Gentleman's Couege of 
MktliHmsticke,* Ijondon, 1712-14, 8 vols. 
8td; vol. i. was reiaaued as 'The Young 
Gentleman's Arithnietick and Geometry, 
2nd edit. 2 p«rt«, I^nndoii, 1 72;j, 8vo ; vol. it. 
n'as reissued a% 'The Young Gentleman's 
Astronomy, OhronologT", and Diallini;,' Stxl 
edit., with additions, London, 1726, 8vo; 4>h 
edit. 1736. 12. 'Remarks on Dr. Clarke's 
Introduciion to his Scripturv-doctrioe of 
thrt Trinity,' Oxford, 17ia, 8m 13. 'A 
Paraphroso, with Annotations, on iho New 
Teiit4immit ; and tht! Hook of Dnniul,' l^ndon, 
171 1-19, -2 vols. 4to. 14. ' The Rirh Man's 
{preat and indispensable Duty to contribute 
libemlly lo the bnitding, r^tbuildinz, repair- 
ing, beaut ifyinff, and adorning of Ouurcties,' 
?n<l edit. London, 1717, Hvo; rcphnt«d at 
OsRinl, 1840, with an introduction by John 
lleitry (afterwards CaTdinal) Newman. 
15. ' Dialogue bulwixl a Proti-ctant Minister 
and a ICoiuish I'rii'Hl ; wherein in iihewed 
that the Cluireh of Itomi> is not the only 
true Church ; and that tlut Church of Eng- 
land is a sound port of the Canhnlick Ohnreh 
of Ohrist,* 3rd edit. Ixnidon, 1723. 18. ^An 
Help for the more easy and clear nnder- 
i^taadiug of the Holy ^^ptures,' being a 
Paraphrase, with Annotations, on the Old 
TeMomont, Oxford, 17^4-7, 4 Tola. lio. This 
and the ' I^rapbrose on thn Kew TattAment^ 

«2 



Wells 



318 



Wells 



ooaUia, bedda ik» panphnse and utnote* 
tiotu, CUDT difMHiriii^ on t«rina« aubjeeta 
eonnectnl witb <be Holy i^cripiarro. Ad«^ 
tAiled de tcriplioiiof thc«^ ducounesifftiTeii 
ia Dr. Henrr Colion's lUt of •ditiom* of the 
KUe. 

(AU«rbtu7'a Oarrwpw t dwKe. i. 1 21 ; Bodkias 
Oit.: SraggvnaiiB't Eagliab EditiotMOf OtMk 
Mkd Litia AbUkkb. p. iSt : FoMei'* Alami 
Oxoa. Ii0O-l714; HauBe'aB«iBart>aadCollae- 
tioat (Dobla), i. 234; Lipafomb'a Badciiu^ian- 
abiK, ir. 31 ; LowndtcB ffibt Mu. sd. Boba ; 
liidiois'a LeicMtonhir*. if. t£0 : NkboU's Lit. 
AMcd. Tii. 1M: W>tt'i BIbl. Bni.; W*lch'a 
Almnm WeMawo. ad. PbiUimara. pp. 1 IS. lU. 
206; Wood's Atboaae Oxon. «d. film. tv. «S8 ^ 
7»ti. ii. 40», aad Life of Wood. p. 1 19.1 

T. C 

WELLS. lIEXnv L.AKE (18.10-1896), 
lieuteiuuii-cnloDel of royal enffineerst mq m 
Tbonuu liury Wells, rwtor of I't^ Innouth, 
3>cTaitalure, was born od 8 >Un.-b IdSO. 
He rec«ir«<! a comrouaioa ■■ lietittMuiil in 
the royal enginPLTi od - \\ig. 11*71. and 
fttlainfil tlu' rank of liruteiiant-culiin*-! un 
B Nov, HSe. He was RpecUllr employwl 
in Ihe war ofEcv >» 18i3 nnd )iit74, and 
went 10 Tndia in 1^6. 

lie served in the A%h«n campaien of 
1876-9, raised a eorp* of Ghilmi labourifs 
and conitrucud a road acrow thu Kbojak, 
and WW for some tim^ in sole chor^ of the 

Eablie works deportment at QootTa. where 
e built the native camotimeat^. il<.< com- 
manded detachments of Punjab cavalry and 
Siad liur«u in an on^BKi-nifnt nvar ttw 
Kbojak. whi^re lu- wu wounded. He acoom- 
panied (xenenil Biddulph's Torco down the 
Tlial ('hotiuli route, took purl in tlm action 
at Baghao, aoned with the Kbaibar lin<^ 
broe, was pr Mo nt at thi* action of Majina, 
ud bad cnar)^ of the positions at th« 
croaeing of the Kabul river. He wa» five 
turn mentionMl in despatches. Sir Donald 
BUwart r<>conimendinK liitn to notico ' for 
floaanicuouR gnllantry and bravery displayed 
on tiit> occudiun of tL'.- attack un a rubber 
encampment under Lankar KImn hj m party 
from toe Chamuit post.' 

Ho aurveywl ronlivi in 1879-^0 in Kash- 
mir and Oilf^t for a lino ^f lel^frraph, and 
In th(! latt«>r year wns appointed to the 
Borernmenl- iDdo-RuropeAn tii'leirraph in 
Fenia at asaUtant director. Diirtni^ many 
TMM apent in Persia he aurieyed routea 
between DixAil and SLiinu, and contribatod 
pepera Ut the UotaI (feo^jJiical Rocinty, 
the Souoty of Arts and other learned 
aocietiea, and to thit prnfftgiiiniial papers of 
Mh own toipa lie was rcpentedly thanked 
for Ilia iH»rvicc«,«H]>«cially for tboee rendered 



ia the delimitation of tbe Aigrban fr 
in ISM, the army remount operstimu 
India in 1K^7, in thnrholfra <>pide.mM:, aad 
during the revilulion in 8binu in 1803^ 
Wolla became director of the Pec 
telegraph in ItiOl. He was prceented 
the ehah, Na»rMad*Din, with a aword 
honour, and by the pTMent shah, Murafler, 
wttb a diamond nag, and on 1 JaiL 1897 
he was made a conpaiuon of tlie onier of 
the Indian Empire, llii di^ euddenlv at 
' Karachi on HI k»g. IKtB. WeTU marri^ 
on 15 Jan. 1885, ia I^ondon, Alice B«rtlta, 
daughter of the Rev. Hugh Bacon, 

[Rttyal Enginenra R«Oiirils; Oeapotcbai^ Pte- 

I eeedii^ and Joarnal of the Rovml Gvograpfciol 

1 Society, 18M; Boynl Eaglncen' Jonmal. OeUhs- 

and December 1698; Tiam (LoiM)oa}K«ptrmti>r 

! 1899.1 R.ll V. 



WELLS. Ul'GIl OF id. 1235), biahop 
Lincoln. 'jAuv Hcon.^ 






WELLS. JOCEl.VN pe (rf. 1342>. bi 
of Bath and Wells, [See Joteun^.] 

WELLS, JOHN (rf. 1388), opponent oT 

Wyclifle. was a Benedictine moak ox ttamstTt 

who studied at CiloucMter Collegt^, O^orv, 

the Benedictine establishment to whkk 

moet of the givat faouje« of that order ia 

the southern province sent their mors 

studious mem ben to receive a learned 

ednoation. There he proceeded doctor tt 

divinity, apparently iu 1377. Hv was lor 

thirti.'en years 'prior studentum' — that is, 

heed of Uloucener College. \\'ella b^ 

came conspieooaa as a bitter (vppoamt <t 

WyclifTe, when the reformerpabliafaed in thr 

uniTr>ri>ity lil* attacks on the monaotic i<i)al 

of life and his denunciation of all ' reli^oaa 

piivatie.' SevralpOMogesin Wvclifle'sLatiD 

' work* wem to be drawn up in answer la 

I WelU's defence of the monastic life. 1^ 

chief of tlw** are 'Scrmonum tertia pan, 

Sermo xxx' {Sermontt, ed. Loeurth, iii i^ 

' 1A>^, a'.I-T, Wyclif Soc.) and Srmio ivit 

(ft. iii, 230 9). Th-' lottvr argument in VB^ 

bully mpfatird in Wyi'lifffV Hi>oilI«>dMyxii)d 

[treatise ' De Itelii;Ione I^ivata' (WlOUT, 

. Potemieal HV**, ii- ■J24-:t4, ed. Buddenucfi 

Wyclif ^oc.) Analngotia argument a are alM 

' used in the first treatise ' Ve Heligione Fn- 

' vata ' (i/i. ii. -19*1-518). whieh, however. Or. 

I lluddeiLiieg docs not regard as being ei^ 

[ tainly the work of Wycliffe. In all tbeie 

passages Wulls is not mentioned bv nanft 

but aimply as 'ijuidam dompnuit,' '(fonpnal 

ntger,' 'qiiidam reverendufi nionaehiis,'asd| 

Ipits pill itiflv, a« ' qnidam cani* niger de ordna 

Benedicti/ The identifiration is pretty deli; 

however, on tlic Etrength of toe pamjp 



Wells 



^2^ 



Wells 



jttom Wycliffe'a aeruonain ■Fucieull I Tosr, ittH. ^ tk* Paptiey, l 88-0). It v&i 
fiSBiuuruoi,' pp. 230—11 (RoU» Sor.), wliifo | &t uno of ihveu towua tbit Wells ploadsd bt, 
he »• siM-riticiulv xniil lo b" ktti-iniitiiifi; to triii for Has ton, who wna oiilv rrW»*ed after! 
refute tnn argumonti^ of ' (|uiilatn rir vetie- i Urbsti's death. In any cuh, bl> Btt«iid&d or 
rsbilis diclua Wellyw, ttini; mnniichiM rfp | followed its pop^* lo IVnigin, wlirn- hn died 
L_Ii«ro<'-BC>v.' In thi^ tillii of the mnniiiviript in ]A88, and ivliere h» waft biiritK] in the 
pRB 18 called 'dom. WiUeliuua,' but this irn» church of Santa SHhinufTAKNKH, iSiltl. Brit.- 
'^COTwcii'd \>y Bale. i HiA. p, 7fi7). I[yi wal agninat: WyclifTehid 

WelU wa»oii« ">f lh« di^cton* of dlviuily ' given iiim the name of •Mnlleupheretieorum.' 
who subscribed the ' Sontentifi' of William Bnlu tniinii>rato!i \\\t follou-inf; works of 
vfBerlon [q. t.^ cliuncullur of Oxford, which WcIIa: I, ' De socji fui initrntituuine, lil. i.* 
condemned the WydilBfi' docirint- of tin- '2. ' EpiatoUe od divcraos. lib, i." U. ' Pro re- 
euchuriet [Faaeiaui Ziztiaiorurrt, p. 1 1.1). lifriouu privatu, lib. i.' 4, 'Super clwri yrv- 
ThU dfsmw trtM yrohMy imuwI warly in ' rugaltva, lib. i.' ft. 't^uper Kui-harisliw nv 



1382 {I'ooi-E, Wj/riifff and thf Mai'mfnl 
fi/r Jte/omi, p. 10."i|. During Lent lSr<2, 
■when Ninholasof ilw^ford "q. v.] wmi proiich- 
in Latin at fit. Mary a. and nrjcing ibut tio 

Iienon *de orirata relij^touc* »hould be nl- 
oweil lo iJce a dugrve, \Vt']l» joiiivd willi 
the Carmelite doctor J'eter Stokea [q. %'. 1 
io viiniulaininf; of thijs doi'lrino lo ihv new 
chnnwllrtr, Itobi-rl Ky(n[i! \n. v.l, who look 



potia, lib. i.' (Srrijit. lint. Cat. cent.vi. No. 
t*2). To i!n'wTnnn«fr(p.7J17)iiddB*C<inlra 
Wveliff tlf n'liginnii privntn' (from Wood'* 
■ ifist. et .intiq. Oson.' i. ll?9}, but this i» 
prnhfthly thi; ttiiint' a.* ii, 

John ^^'elU of hatuj'tij may be eeaily cou- 
fiiiud with a contemporary John Welle or 
W(tlU, al«) a doctor of dii iiilly, but a Fnin- 
ciscan. The partii'iilan. of the .Miuorite 



no notice of their chuiye \Fasriruli Xi:a»io- doctor's curccr iin.' collutitud by .Mr. A. (i. 
rtfm,\t.lV)Ti). In Miiy l.'iHS W«IIn wn» pr*!**!!! l-!lt!« {t'lfy t'riart in Osfard. yp. 78, 175, 
attlio RArthquaknmunril,h>'ld At thi> Black- .'tll.t'xford Hibi. Soc). who identifies him 
friarx, London, bein({ the only non-mendi- with llm 'dnhn Wcll^.n IViar.'wb" lookparl 
cant n,]>, prest'nt, *avf p^ThniM nmoti^lhc in the difipnted elpctioii to the chancellor- 
bishopa I (A. p. IW. ef. p. 1'8« ; Welkins, ship at Oxford in 1349. and (more doubt- 
Chnciiui, iii. l&H). He woA the first of the fully) with tlm FrancijcJin l.-clor "John 
doctor* to 'detvnuiiie' in the council, autl u. Valeys' in that university, and the 'Johannes 
conteaiporory Wycliffit*- poet ^vei a apire- Vallensis Anjilus qui diii Londonii Theo* 
ful account of his windy and fcoblo orpi- loginm dortiir,' who in ^Af^ waf promntfrd 
inenis luininst WyvUQe and Ilvruford, llis to I lie 'mnjiii'teriuin'at TouIau»f by order of 
face, yellow as f^II, showed what sort iifj Urban V (WAnriNt?. Annait* fratnim Mi- 
man he was, and fleruford euily put him , nvrum, viii. :iW). l\<c i^ iiiorw cl<.iirly the 
to aileuen (Wrioht, I'iJi/ir.nl Airm*, i. 'John Welle, Minorite, S.T.I'.,' who was od- 
:itJO, KoUs Ser.) Ainonir the many urticlfs ' drvsswd as papal chaplain iu 1372 (li. viii. 
contleomntory of WvclillVN ti-acliiiij^ ilmwn Jhl3). In I37ftalar};i! nuinu:it of projMfrly 
up at the council, five condr-mned the r»< belonging to him was fitnli'n frcm his houae 
fonn«r'a views as to reliffioui orders, and in lAiiidon, bill wn« piirdv recuven.-d when 
ihr^M* (nrticlirj iO. 21. and 22) specincjtlly tin' thief, hin Hnrvant, 'Iliomofi llele, was 
upheld ihe pot^iliouit that VWtIs had oiaiu- arrested at Csrnbndjje 4 LirrtE, m). 311-12; 
tainodnpaiiiHtWycli(re(/"(i»r-i'(i(/ij;iiffMw/-((irt, ^ ('fit. I'tttent JfoUf, 1377-81, p. 13.^). From 
pp. :J^I-2). li wa» doiiblWs on inforuiu- . the amount of his powitiiMiioris, .Mr. Little 
tion ^ven hy Wells and Slokes that llymte ' conjectures that he may have been warden of 
shared in the condt'innutioa of th« cuuiicil. iIk- London cont'eut. 

On 9 Jiilv 1.1H7W^11A «ft.» s,-,it by til.- puthuritie, cit.-d in the text.] T. F. T. 
nretidentaof the genumlchaptisrof the Lnc- 

lish Benedictinw oil a mission to UrlwnVL WELLS, JOHN {1*5^3-1076), puritan 
Hiaown abbot of Uamsey was ond of t!irt«.r divine, atin of Iluffh Widlt. /'/cApikh, of Lon- 
who appointed him. His business was to don, was bom on U^ Jan. l'52^-3, and wan 



intrfTCfihiwith the pop* for ihii dcprivid and 
imprisoned cardittul of Norwich, Adam 
Easton 'q. v.] Jlut he was also np[ioiuled 
gvnenti proctor of thv ICni^li^lj Rencdiclinus 
Co explain th«ir uefdi- to the popi> and trans- 
act other business (cf. ILvixt;. f^ft^r»/rom 



aihnilt'^d into MiTcbnnt Taylors' school on 
11 Sept. 1631. Thenco lie proceeded to St. 
John'sCoUege, Oxford, where he matriculated 
on 3 July ](t4C. He was elected n fellow of 
bus college in 1043, touk tb« decree of H.,\. 
on 7 Mar 1344, and waa cn^atud M.A. no 



Korlhrm RiyUlrrn, iip, 423-J, ICnIlx Sot.) i 14 April ^(VIH. Mv wkh oiw of thf London 
Th«popewaa tlienresKtlngat Luccn, whence | tniniisifra who in llMfl declnred, in a petition 
in ^apt«mber he moved to I'erugia (CuKluii- , to Oen^ral Fairfax, their abhorrvncs of all 




Weils 



»30 



Wells 



aennl y<tmn bs hAA th« -ricanffc < ' 
(HsT» JvwTj, IvnidM). fnim wiikn ) 
^euJ far m w wunf armitjT in 1862. Ileaioc 

lliBworki an: 1. *A Piwpecc of Eter- 
oHv : or Mam BT er h l i ng eoaiBtioa op«iwd ' 
aiwl AmWed,* Ijoodan, Imfi, 6m (nai\i pab- 
lub«loalOOet.I6/>4). 31 "TIw Pr^ettal : 
SftMi*Uri«ii: or S«hh«lb-ilAliMM crovned , 
vitli Sn]»ri«tit« lUppioMt/ London, IMt*, ' 
ita. S. • How we huit make UrlodT la oar 
H^irU to God in HuwuiK of I'mUid!,' prml«d 
blDr.HRiDiMl AnaMlr*'* 'SiipptcmmL t<»tbe ' 
MAraing-RserciAr! ju trippU^te,' Snd ndit. { 
1676| p' 174. Tliia And nooitivr ' mommg ' 
iaHRM*' bjr him on th«> ' >'■]! of Man ' ha.Te 
btoi Mmml time* Rprioted. 

[Brit. Ma*. Addii. MS. U499. f. 1 04 » : It«i^ 
nrws't B<gUtar of tlie Viaiton of Ul* Unir. of 
!, p. MO ; Okiaaiy'a AreoaBt of ^Mted 
p. M. iMd Coatin. p. M: Mom*! 
^Ifcnotn cj BcTBBljr-flv* Ehuimm [riviKa. p. 
9S; fotUi't Aliunii Oiob. 1600-I7L4; Ktn< 
BaU'» Rpgiaur, p. 7Mi ?>[»«'■ Nooowf. 
QTinl. i. 171 : BoImii*m'« ftcgirtir oOfcr- 
^Chwit Ta^lon' Sctuiol. t. 137.] T. C. 

WELLS, Mu. MARY. «AinvKri]« Mrs. 
BvMKB.l.iJl. 1781-18!:^), nctn-w. cUtiKhln- 
of Thoenu DnviM, m oirver >nd inlder In 
BiniUliffhun,wasboni «t Btnoin^iKin nbont 
1769> n(rr fallirr dinl in a nutdhnuM- -vrlitle 
the wti a pmall child. Her mother kppt 
ft tavern frtrquenteil b^ actors, and nmnni; 
oUkr by Ilickanl Yale« [q.T.],iiiid»!r wbn!a> 
lent Mbtt app^arvd at th« Bif 
ThpBtre m tni> Doki' nr York in 
'Bielinnl tU,' plajioif lubM^cjuentlv Cnpid 
In WUidtiMd'a 'Trip to Scotland,' and 
Artliitr in 'Kins Jolin.' Aflvr rititiag 
llath and York i>li*^ went to Gloueeater, 
wbne abe played Juliet to the Komeu of an 
■Ctornainvd ^^'f)ll•, to whom xtii? wh* mar* 
Tied in Ht. Cbad'a Church, Sbrewaburr. 
Well* abortly afterward* de«erted ber. (>n 
1 JaB« 1781 , an Mad(^ in RK-kentUfl'f'ii * lAtve: 
in a Vi)lit(ri>' and Mm. l'adwallad»-r in 
Foole's * Author,' jIic mndtr her firnt ap{ifar- 
aaco at lliv lIuvniurloT. 'ienc-^t >a_vk tb«l 
Ab wa* (!XCel]fiiit in l>olli characters Ji^DDV 
in 'Lionel nnd ClnHi«>«' followed, and on 
3 Sifpf. in U'Kwirr'i« ' .Ai[TM-ttbli> Surpriae ' 
abc waa ihn lin<t Cowilip, a name that 
tbenoeibrwanl stuck to her (tlioiifrb 8h« ia 
oecationally «pnl<«n of an ' RAckv ' Wella). 
Oflnwt says tnat nothing could be soperior 
to tm acling as Cowalip and that of Edwin 
as Ltnfr«!. 

On 'Jf> S^jft-. a» Nmncy in lite ' Oemp,' she 

made ber fir^t amH-oninco at I>run' Lane, 

''Vb«re aUg she played <m 29 Ucl. ionny in 



tlM> *G<»tiel9 8]Mpb«d.' adapted fron 

TtckvU. Harrivt in tWJtaalaaa 
wU'Grady in tb^^ 'IrulklA*ido«i' 
t lore LQ ' nh» wmtid and JSh wooid aota' 
and JacinihA in iba *SBapKiom Hiakaad' 
fdimnd. At tba Hajwfax ia \7tS Icr 
nam* appvara tQ BtaOy in tb« ' Eaylish Kv* 
ehanl,'and Bn^ in the • Chafinr of Acts- 
d«>ts.' i'hm also, an sho nays rvplaced MfL 
rarjrtll. aft«r cbat ladyV riopetacBt, aa Uw- 
heatb in tbr 'BMsar'alkpnm' with tlMaak 
characins playedliy womra and nee TOM. 
Sbe made Don tbt Aral a dutin^iuabad «i» 
CMS, and waa rmivad with gra«i •ntlnt^a^ 
Her eharactras bare nn«r keea ralWud. 
Hbe played, bowariv, at DnuT Lab* Kttly 
Pry in the ' Lying Vabc' and Jaae Slura 
on SU April li83. her ftnt appenaae* m 
traf^y. At ibf IlaymarkM w waa on 
July 1784 tbe ori;nnal Fannr in Mrs. ladf 
bald's • Mwnl's Tale,' m it ^«pt' t^ )^ 
>Uod in (XSeeffe'a ' F^vpiar Tom,' and was 
Isabella in tbr pieca ao naibked, and UiJt 
Kandolph in * Uoiiglaa.* 

Nancy Ilutt«tcup, an original part ta 
CKti-ffcV ' Bepi^r on ItocadMck,' ma warn 
al lh<> Uaymarkift on 18 Jua* I7S6. I>li 
14 ])«e. sbts made her 6nt appearance si 
r'ovrnt (tarden sjt Jane Sbore ^«rbtcb wat, 
in her own opinion, hft brat petformaiuajt 
plsying aleo Laura in Edward Tophaiaa 
larcr 'Tlie Fool,' whirh h*r artinjf 



m«nde<l to ihepubUc Al^er rv^tMlin^ Lady 
Kandolph and Isabella, «he wss on 6 Jan. 
1 (Ni Iinopen in ' Cymbrlin*.' Woodfall ia 
tbe 'Chroniclv' awarded ber much pratfe 
for the perfonDance. Andromache in tbe 
' I^ueaaed Motlwr' ToUowcd, and waa mic> 
ceeded by Ro«*lind, 1'ortia, and Hdelia in 
tbe ' Plain Dealer,' atwl fbv was on 24 April 
Ibe (iral Kujrrnia in 'Tlie Hint in a Ca^ 
or MooeT works W'onden,' altered firoa 
RbirW. ' At llw- llaymarbet in 1786 iba 
plavetl some unimportant orifrinal pans. 
Wfi*n John I'alroer (l742h-17SW) fq*.") 
madf in 17)'7 his ill-*tanr'd eirperitncnt at 
the Itoyalty Tbealre, Wellcloae >viiiari;, si* 
f^rc her imitations of )lr^>Siddons and otber 
aclrvvM-c, which, thoHftb poor, vara biirtdy 
popular, bttuifc paid the almoat incredihW 
sum or fifty potnids a nJfrht. She raow 
back t>i Cori-nt l!nnl>-n, nbera slie wax on 
17 Sffpt. \7''7 Mra. I'ajre in th.> 'Meny 
Wires "f Windsor,' iind played Lady l*errT, 
l^y in * ComuA,' Itosina. Anne l^oTcly, and 
Fatima in 'Cymon.' Ilere abe remained 
some time, actinfT ill I he ^tunnter at Cbelt«»> 
bom, Drightou, Weymouth, wIiltu alia wis 
favoured by royalty, and viMtin^ Dublin 
without, B» it ap[]rttr*, acting there. 

Meanwhile Iter domestic affairs bad be* 



anairs bad De* i 



Well; 



*3i 



Wells 



ctmin romplicut^. 8Uti bftd entered into 
elofl» relaiionit with Etlward Toptiom [([. v-], 
a enpl-ain in tlie gii*nl«, who was o(inr«mt!a 
til a dailv it^wtipaper called the ' ^V or)d,' in 
the ppoduction of wliicli fIi<; AMMtcd. Stin 
liad, murvuviT, bai:lH'd bilU for a consid«-r- 
kMc amount forlier brotlior-in-liLW, tkn bus- 
baud of B Mi&e l)avi<; tt whu uppwrMl at tb« 
llnrniArkfl nii 'JH July 17^ U Amelia in 
tlie ' Engliab Merdiunl.' ThJslMt indiscru- 
tioi) iDVolvwl btT in vndli>A* Iniuhlf. Moiw 
titan atice the waii n pri^onpr in ibe Fleet 
and in other pbic-cw 'if ilrlentinn in Knp{liui<I 
flttd Ircltni). In tbf V\eM fhe met Joooph 
Sumbel, her second huebaDd, who whs cod- 
Soed tltero for runtcmpt of court. Si]i»brl 
WIS a Qioori^b Juw, tivcjetaTy to th« ambas- 
Mdor bom Horocco, find the wedding wiu < 
performed in the ¥\v*Kt. A \vm Inter be | 
nought luunwMMsfitllv lo buvH tht- mnrria^ | 
iionallBd or dia«3lvcd. dcrlnrinf; that un 
BCCOunt of infonnalilv ulit* wuh Dut. htR 
wife, A man nf raorhid (Kmpi^ratnvnt, be 
aeenif to hav« bwn ulli'mntHly unikiae pus- 
«inni(ti> lnvi> tj> bi'r and di^iwnintr Iter or I 
Imvins; berto Hlar\e. She meunwliili! em- ' 
bnuwd hi* Klij^ion and tn.>k thi- nanM; of 
I.eab. Slii« subsetjuentlv rt-v^rtt-d to Chris- I 
tianity, and became either a Jlonianist or a ' 
Wrtlcyan. Tho three Tolume^of thi' ram- ' 
bling autobiagjaphy which she publinhed 
*m occupied principftllj nnth dirtiiita ofi 
tiavals in warrh »f her L-hildn'n, who rv- I 
fiumd to know h<^r, or of frit-nds. On onf 
Oftasion eho eUirtctl from Purtohollutowalk 
tty l»ndon, arriving in N>'ivr-i»lin (wheui-K 
she took ship for Ijoudon^ in four and u half 
dsy^^if trair, a rvmnrltnbb! r>'nl- I'runkttn- 
neu BwmH to have HiipennnDd on ntadnpas, 
And Bueh record as in presi-rvw) of her Infer 
Venn it equally «a(I and un''il!fyiiijr. SW 
4o«a iwt tvem to havtf acted mui'h latter 
lluu) 1700, tbouirh ebe iravr }wt imitalion>« 
■t prirati' boustrs. and atleniptvd to gtvi* 
thfin piihlicly diirinp I»nt, but waa pne- 
T6Dl«d by I be bishop of London. U'Kvufiu 
«p«!*k>t of hiT at dca<l in IS'^Q, 

^e piibliiihGd in ISI) 'Memoire of thi! 
IJfe of Mra. Hinnlx'l, Ute \\>lli>, of thn 
Thfiftlw* Itoyal Druty I.4tn<', Tovent flardfn, 
and Uaymarkct, written by b*ri<elf,' one of 
tb« scarcMl of ihi^ntriwvl worka (lAindon. 
3 Tobi. 8vo; the British Museum Library 
has three ropiu). The n-innindcr lu-cms In 
Iwvu nictMVed a ir-w tiile-pa^e iu 1^28, 
when it appeared oa ' Anecdotes and t'orrti- 
ipondenco of CVIehniti'd Aetons and Ac- 
tlMllW. inrlndinK Mr- K'-ytiolda, Mr. Kolly, 
Mr. Kpmhh-, Mr. Colmon, Mrs. 8iddon!<.&c. I 
Aiao an Account of tliu Awful l)f«th of 
Lord Lylt«lton.' 



^rs. Siunliel was a btMUitiful woouuir a 

i;nod artreM in comedy und r<>sp<K:t4ib1e in 
tngalj. Frcdi-rick licvnoldi*, who was iu- 
timnle with her at Topnam'n H<-at, <.'ow»lip 
Hall, »pi>ak« of her as the moiST. be&utifui 
octreMion thv ttaf'e, thutigh nut the b«et, 
Hvr portrait, iu the character of Cowslip in 
the ' A^rueublu Surpri«u,' was ongTared bv 
l)ow&UBn(HRO)ll.F.T, p. 447). She wuiimucli 
praisud ia the preM, and enjoyinl during 
some jeara a 1nr)i<- umnunt of fioptilArity, 
Her Biliary at Covent Oardcn wa^ at one 
pfriod aa much an t«n pounds s week, but 
the riianc^H of a brilliant career wer« neu- 
tralibcd by her irrvg^Urities. An alteupt to 
pit. hl-r agaiiiitt Mrs. .Siddotu (of whom she 
wai t-vtdeutlyj«olou8) waa naturally duumed 
t« fiiiliire. 

A portrait of hi-r bv Duwilde, uk Anne 
Lovely in ' A Iluld f^tnikn for a \\'if«t,' ia 
in the M&tbcws collcrtion in the Garrick 
Olub. An vnffravintr by J- 'i. fSmith from 
his own pircure of her aa Cnwalip woa pub- 
liftli(>d bv Ackenuan in ItilO;^. 

(Mr«, Siinibd'a life i* toM rery iiMMherently 
in hrr Memnini. Oihur (iwts bar* liwo wi- 
(rnciedfrom OenffitV .Recount of tbo Knglieh 
Htji(t(i; Itiiiidrn'n Lift- of .1. I'. KwiriMr; (I'Kwllei 
Rmiullerlio])* ; LifoiuidTtinrii of J-'rinlrrick ll«y- 
Bolda; Haclawood'a Secret. HinUiry uf tlio Graao 
Itoom : Oitlihiuil'ti Dranutlic Mirror; Tti«spian 
Dictionary ; Vouug'a Mvuu'tn of Mra. Cmueh.] 

J.K. 

WELLS. IKJlllMiT id. 1&67), dean nf 
Kly. [Sec Stkw\hb.j 

WBLLS, r^AMl'l^L (tf. 1078), nonc<ui- 
formiat divine, son of William WVlla of Ox- 
ford, was boni in llie paritdi of St. Peter, 
Oxford, on ]H Aii^. Hil4. Hi< matriculaled 
from Ma^-dnlen Hull oh U May l(l>'i2, and 
KrndiiHlfd H.A. from New College oui!" June 
lti;i3, and M.A. from Mo^diilcu IIul] on 
A Msy l«3t!(FomtK, AUmni 0.nw. IWW 
171)1. After keeping a school at Wand^ 
woriL, Wella wa» uiduiiivd un JS Ul-c. 1638, 
and Boou after became uMiatnnl to i>r. 
J'etnplu at liattersea. When the war broke 
out ne W0ut in UU4 as cluiplain lo Colonel 
Et»s, limvittg his wife and fnmily nettled in 
I'Vller Ijine, London. He wm placed in the 
perjneeieTeil reeioryof Ilemenlnan, Berkshire, 
in I04H or 1647, by the Westminaier ae- 
.4eml)ly. Ilert^ bu boil ri good income and 
little to do, there being but about twenty 
funiilios In the parish, lie ituxefore gLadly 
accepted a cull to IJunhur)', where u widur 
lield awailf^d hiiu, albeit a much pouTitr 
living. He was inducted int^ it on 13 Sept. 
] MH, aa llu- iinrish register nbows, by order of 
the House of iiOTdi^jAtrds' JoumaU, x. fiOl). 




Wells 



S$2 



Wells 



AlmcsirittiaAdiktelyafleTwardaWellBdift* 
liii^isht^ htnucK by nr^nUing & proii><«t. 
agSiDst the propns'-'il action nf parliament, 
ft^inet tlic Itinfr. Th(> address, »inicd by 
iiiiHi4-tfii inininUTs orfj.ifnrtlxinn.' Aiid Nortlt- 
Btuptaiiskirv, was dated 21 Jan. 1^48 V, 
and priiik'd lu tlio enipiu y^'ur (LvtiiJi.'n, Ito). 
Il WBfi coiivf^ypii ta l,fini\nn ani prescQted to 
FiLirlkx by W't-lla aud Jnbn Baylej'of Fring- 
forii, l)xf<ir<l.-iiirf, mi 2!> Ann. Whil'? diHap- 
provin^ strongly uf the kiii^'fl action offainiit 
tliP fiv" nii'inlHTB, tliB flfpialorien H])OK(t in 
no mi'Bitured trrm^ iij^inM tlit- impolicy and 

illvgalityofproct.-t'UiiiKaif^" thauiiif^BUre. 

It wna ftbout tliis liintr, ur mou tflvr, llint 
W'lalla wag oAeredi .■'uy;' Calauiy, iho rich 
living of BrinkworCh, Wiltsbirv. lie con- 
tinued, linwcvor, ut Bmibury, iiud in I0r>4 
waa appuiiit(-tl with Jubii Owen (lOlG- 
1883) [(]. v.], ThomM Goiidwin, and otbi-rs, 
OH tbn (-fiinnitSHion for Oxfurdiibirii to wjtH;l 
scanduInuH and iinauicnblfl minigtore. (n 
9epltinibiTl6">4 hi.* receivfld from parlinrntiiil 
a ynarly au^mentntion nf 3iU. to \» added 
to his satary. The (|ual>L'ire, who weri.> par- 
ticularly ]iumcn)ii» in hifi p.irifuSi. M^<-m lo 
LavcgiveuUimsomt' truubk- about this time, 
lie wus unneci?a6xrilv sevore with tbem, 
having Anno Audland, uni> of tbutr tuojit 
iloImI preachers, impmoued for calling bini 
'a falsG propbel/ 

Wells wan ^jvclvd with t!ii< (wo thouiaiid 
on St. Uartlwlmiit'w'n dny, l(ifi2. Hia fate- 
well sermon. 'Th« SpirituiJ llenit>mbrani.-or." 
(Ill Act* XX. 27, wnji printfd. H"i wii* pn-- 
Riiinablv poi.iiie«-'>LH] of privale cuennp, sinoe, in 
spit** of naving ten or ulev*ii children, he 
remittwl lOti/, rtf iliw money diip to him. Il« 
continued to Ijie in Danbury and to preuch 
until the operation of the Five-mile Act 
drove bini in IW-i to Ht-ildingtoii, whuna: 
be wrotfl wi'i'luly ii'lIi.T* to hi» former cong;re- 
pilion in IJitnburv. Thc-so on.' taid lu liavti 
b'TM prinltnl, iiitvtihlv w ilh thii Burniminhove 
mt;ulioned. After the induli^^enco Wells 
rrtiirnMl to Hiinbiirv nnil bou^'bt. n bniiw, 
wheri> h<! mmainM nntil hiit denth, in Juni} 
or July IH7H; he was buried at llanbnry 
on 7 July ^Par, Itrg. per llic Rov. L. S. 
Arden), Wells was a powerful aad ai- 
tractiro Kpealior. 

Hy hiti wifr. Dorothy Dovlcyof WiltshiTO, 
whom be uiBrried in 10^7, Wullfl had a 
uutni'roitis family. 

[Bwailcy'H HiiT. of Unnbury. pp. *35, 461-6; 
Kenn«t.t'illlegi*tor, T>. 895: Ciil.cirtSlnTe I'uprni, 
I)um. 16&4, p. 3.^6; rnlmrr's .Vqticoti. Mptnoriah 
iii. ISO; Clialnen'* BioKr. Diet. ; Wmts Dibl. 
Brit-l v.. V. S. 

WELLS, SIMON ut: {d. 1207), bishop of 




WELLS, SlB THOMAS 8PEX 

<lMlrt-l(*fl7), flrsi bamnet, .iiirjrcoo. eld 
sou of \^'lllja^l \\'ells, a Imilder, by bia wiff 
Harriet, daughter of William Wright of Ber> 
moiidtey, wa» born at St. Albuu. Hvrtroni- 
shirt', on A F<*b. 1818. He «oon tdiowed a 
murktrd intemtl la natural Ecicncv. and wu 
tbfrefori- sent aa a pupil, without brinx 
formally npptvnt iced, to Jltcbael Thimiaj 
SadW, a gttni-nil pmrlitinn«r at ftnrt»ieyiu 
Yorkshire, lie nfl^trwanlH lived for a year 
with one of the pnriiih ttnrf;e«ina at L^edi, 
axtiindtil the lectures of Hi-y and Tcb1«, and 
sawmuchpracticeintbeLeedeiutirmary. In 
lH3l> bL- profwed«d to Trinity College, Dublin, 
whun< hid kuowledgo of aurct-ir wu nilL 
farther advanced by the great Irisli suimoiu, 
Whitliiy StoUwt [io« undtT 8iokes, Wil- 
luhJ, Sir Philip Crauiptou [q. v. J, eudi 
Arthur .Jacob [q- v.] In 1839 he entered w 
a student at SLTliomaVii Ilo^pila] iii l>ondaa 
to complete hia profeMional education under 
Jowph Henry <jrwu[q.v.].lV'njaniiuTi» 
[q. v.], iin.1 prrdf-ricW rym-ll (q, v.] H*i 
at the end of his tirHt lieseion, he waa awardi 
ibt.' prim for tin.- niofit roniplolu and dctaili 
oocuuni of the poat-murtuu exnminati 
made in the boapital during tb« lime of 
nttandiince, 

\lv! wiiK admitted a member uf the Kt^ykl 
College of f^urgeona of England »n M Aprit 
1841. llu tUn juiuod the osvy n» an 
autotant »urg<s>n, and fterred fornix yi-ara 
in the naval hospital at Malls. He ro 
bined fi civil pnu^tica with !ii» mnn' pu 
naval duties, and Hr'^uirnd so good a repu' 
tion as a aurgenn that be was admitted 
the hiiihtir grade of fidlow of tlin Iloyi 
(.'oUege of Surgeona of tlnjjlnnd on Jtl Au| 
1844. His t«nn of Bcrvtco at MaltA h<'i 
eoiupK'ti'd, b«' left tin' nnvy tn JMS. 
Hull proceeded lo I'aris to atudv pall)ol< 
under Mngundiu, and lo tmv tn« piue! 
wounil.- which titled thi> hn«|>ilnl!> nfttfr tttS 
struggle in .Tuna 184^. lie afterward* 
ni.'CiitiL»iiiii>>.'d tbe Mnrqiii» of Xorthnmpt 
on iL loiirney to I^gvpt. snd made ns\ 
valuable ohnervntiuno on malarial fev 
Wells ri'tunK'd to London in IK-Vt. -wb 
settling in practice at M Itrook Slrt-«l. 
devoted himself at fiiat to ophthalmic i 
g«ry. In 18^ ho wm elecird eurgvon 
tlie Sttniarilan Free Hospital for wuiufn t 
cliildn>n, thi-n occupying 27 Orchard S 
i'ortmiin 8i]UHnf, but now xituatrd in 
Marvlfhone Itoad, The hoRpital luid 
wtal'liahed for seven yuan, but was li 
more than a djapen^ry, iu< ii htid noaci 
modation for m-patieu'tt). At the same t 
liu wa» editor of tbu 'Mi-dicftl Timea 
Uazeite,' and in 1^7 hu became lecta: 



upon Burtrvrv nt tlio (irosvenor Plkce wIidoI 
01 laedirine, wbich eight rearA kter ttm 
merged ia tbt nivdieol ecbool ofHtAiuur^v's 
lIoKfrttal. 

W ells lemporarily abandont-d liU wtirk in 
Tendon soon afWr tbe b*>giiinirif; of tJii^ 
CrimeBD Tnr, unA proceeded fin^t in Smyrna, 
where lie was stiaclied as siir^on to tlii> 
British cirtl boapiMl, nod nOerwitrdfl to 
Iteukioi in tb« UanlAiitflltw. He tetumed 
to London in 18&it, and rvsumed bis work &t 
tbtf riauuiritaii ll'upital. 

In U'la youth Wi-IU did an unusual amount 
of midwiferr, but faontiverlhouffbt kuHousIv 
about ovanotoinv until oni- dtiv in 1848, 
when be duouWd the mutter nt Vivr'x with 
Pr, Watersof Cbeeter. Both eiir)i;<»<)n*r»iiii' 
Ifl ibf conclution that. n.t siirjjwrT ihfn 
stood, ovariolomv was an unjuEtifiable 
ODL-ration. Iti Ai>nl 1>*54 \\'tl!««iid ThoiuB* 
Jsunn (if lie Middlciux Hwjiital a«sbled 
liftker Drown at tiii eighth ovariotomy. 
Thiit wa« tho first limf tbat WidU bud M^i-n 
the opt^rutiiin, and Iip admitted ttritrwardii 
thai tbo fatal r?>mlt discoumgi'd him. TIh' 
piLti>-nI dir<I,niid nfl'TntuilhiT fatiil njiKnilion 
—lliB ninth— Ilaker Brown himaeireeaaed to 
operate ti(K>n these cs«es from Mnrcb }@56 
until (►ctober 1658, when Wells's sHncewi 
BnCQurai^ed him to recommence. Wells 
perform'^ Iii» first operation in 18S8, and, 
thougb it i-iidfd in thudiutb of tlio patient, 
he was not disheartened. He devoted Lim- 
BOlf AMiduously to perfect the technique of 
orarioiomy, and xln.- n-inttludiT uf hi* life i» 
practically a history or the operation from its 
aarU»l nnd impirft-cl EtaKv, ihruugh its pole- 
mical period in the piiitition it now otcupie* 
as a well 'recodified and most serviceable 
oiMTnti'ii], Hlill capable of impriivi'mftU, but 
advantageoii.t alike to the individual, the 
family, and tlie state. It has «aved many 
valual>l<.OiT>>« at liotac nnd abroad. U has 
opened up the whole field of abdominal aur- 
gPTTjand it has thcrfby nvfiliiiinniftctlfiiirgi- 
nl Pi-aciicc tlmitijibuul thu world. 

Wells completed his fir%t aucci'Mfu! ova- 
riutomy in Iri-bniary IHo8, but it wiut not 
until 18IH that the Din-ration w«.* gem-rally 
accepted by the merhrnl profpssion. This 
acct'pt'inn-wR*diiechiel1y tothi-wt^einnaner 
in which Wells ftondiiptjiri his parlier opera- 
tioiw. He persietentiv invittd men of au- 
thority to se« him operate. He publiftbed 
lerieaaf^er series of coaet, giviog full descrtp- 
(ions of Iba unsucceaafut aawetl sa of the 
Bueoesttfitl opuritioiiM, until in 1880 hu had 
performed Iiia tkousaiKltb ovariotomy. Firr 
exactly twenty vears bi^ n])erated at the 
Samaritan l''n<a lionpitul, whi.iri.' liu rvslgni.'d 
the office of surg«>oii in 1B78, and wn.s ap- 



pointed consultiugwirgeoD. Throughout tL« 
whole of this time be eonslanllY modified bia 
mtlbods of operation, and always iu thu di- 
rection of (greater nirnplirily. The lioMpital 
DOrer contained more (ban twenty beds, and 
of thfuenn more (Imn four or five wereaTuil- 
able for ptirpose.i of oviiriotomv. 

WelU tilled all the principal olGces at tlie 
Koynl Colk'gi* of Surj^ons of Knglaiid. 
Klected a membtT of the eouncil in IS?!, he 
WHS choAcn Hnntori&n profcesor in 1877| 
Tice-president in ll^'d.audprvsideut in 188S. 
lie delivered the HuDterianoration in 188S, 
the Morion Icctiim on cancer in ISM, and 
the Itradnhnw lecture in 1K9I). H^ waa 
made nil honorary fellow of the Kings and 
(juMMi's C'o1leKk^> of Ireland, and ti felluw ot 
the Royal College of Surgonn.t of Irvloitd 
in ltS8t!. The universities of Leyden and 
Bolopna confem-d upon him the honorary 
degree of SI.JX when ihuy celebrated respee- 
tively tb« third and eighth cenlenoriea of 
Iheir existvnci', and hi' wax alvo iin M.13. of 
the univeraity oft-barkuf. He »«« a knigliL 
commander of the Norwepiau order of Si. 
(Haf, and 'in I I May l8f<l ln-r majntv cou- 
ferretl upon him the honour of a nanmetoy 
of thi) UniUiJ Kingdom. From 1803 to 
IflOB he acted m surgeon to the queen's 
household. 

Wells died nt Cap d'.\ntLbes, near Cannc*, 
on .Sunday. 31 Jan. IftO". Hi» rrmaine wcr»> 
creniatetl rttWoking, the ashea being interred 
in tilt! Brompton ccmclcrv. 

He married, in l><.Vt, CliMbeib Lucas (d. 
ISWl), daughter of James ^V right, solicitor, 
of New Inn uiid of Hydunlmni, by whom Iw 
left five danghtiT!) and one Dim, .\rtfaur 
Spencer \S'ella, private pecrelary to the chan- 
cellor of the exchequer, 1 8S>3-J». 

Wella was the originator of moilem abdo- 
minal Hurgery. He found oTariotomy a 
di«!nwliti.'d operation, but cTcn bcforo Iho 
introduction of antiM-ptica his success waa 
snilicieni tn render its performance justifi- 
able. Coupled vritli ibu iuipruvvd surgical 
methods introduced by iiister, i he principle 
govcniing the opcmlion of ovariotomy baro 
Ix-en applied lu all tlift othnr abdominal 
vUcera; the Uterus, the kidneys, the lirer, 
the spleen, and the iutes^ines arv now sub- 
jfclM to tturgical inrerfennci!; wirli iliu 
happiest results. Yet Wells had at lir«t no 
eaay battle to fight. The whole weight of 
tturgical opinion was against him. U'la vcr- 
severance, his transparent hone:*iy, hi* aluw 
lult) vinuerity. and ait power of artriiment at 
la»t ornrcamM nil oppwitioii, and he Itveil 
to see bis operation approved, ailopied, and 
fruitful beyond all e.\p>.<ctnlion. 

His opemtions were mock-la of surgic&L 




Well; 



234 



Well! 



: 



nrocddura. Ha worked tn abiuilut* niltnice; 
lie took the pirait^st care in Itio ge1«ction nf 
hiH iiintriitni-nlii, nnil )ii^ Hitbmittitl IiIj; kmis- 
tsninto a firm diaciplinfl which provert nf 
tlw lii|fhf)»t vb1u« to llivm m after life. At 
tlu^ ponrliiftiiin of PTery o[«^r(iticHi he diipcr- 
iiiti>u'led i\i>3 cleauiii^ aiid drying of «iicU 
iiutrum«nt,Kii'l pachi'tl it into it» caoe iu 
the n)o»i ordcrlr manner. 

Id additJoD to his {lun^ly atit^ii^ work, 
WsIIh was an afdBtit atlvociile nf crtmn- 
I ion, and il wfU chiefly dur- to hU Kffort* and 
10 those nf Sir Henry TbomiMoo that this , 
mi*arnof di»pi.uunii of tlip drmd wm 1>rou);bt 
into *>arly use in Knglnnd. 

AlmoHt Iu tliv last WftU had tlieftppt^r- 
anc^r of ft hcAlrhy, vijjrtroMS, counirt pcntU- 
man, with mucb of ibo franku'esB uuil boii- 
hoinii- of n :«iiiIor, I(r was an excellent ridi;r, 
drivi^r.andjiicigf' oflinniriflriili.aiid it wn« his 
custom fur mBiiy ytrnrs to drive hirnKflT to 
and from tiia London re«idonce and liishonse 
at U<jld>T'>- Hill, IlnuipKCxad. 

A half-lenRfk oil puinrin(r bv l>-bman, 
f&wulvd in iOi^, n.-^ruacmi.'u \V ulis t'itiiu); 
in Uie robes of the prvMdi>nt of tln^ Knyal 
CuUeev of Sui]^eou8 of IvnfiUnd. It v.a» be- 
■lucflttiod to the Hnval Collvj^ of SurifHon*. 
A biiHt executed in 1870 by 0*rar I.ii^brelch 
ia in thf ]]omw<»ion of Sir A. S. Wells. 

WellitpiiWiaJied: I. 'The wale of Medi- 
cines witli whicli .Merchaul Vc««U are to 
be famialied bv command of the lYi^-y 
CoiitK-il fur Tru^<j. . . . With obsurvacions 
on rhi^ mennit of [in^m^rvinf; tin- h^-nltJi nnd 
jncr«Bfling the coinfart.s of Heam«n,' J^ndon, 
IKT,!, l2ino; '2mi rd. lfllH,tl»-i. 2. • I'rac- 
tical ObdtTvationN on l!nut. and itA ('ompli- 
cation».' l.andon, IK.>I. Svn. y, ' Cantwr 
Cure* and Ci\ncer Cnrt-r",' Ijondon, IfiW), 
Hvo. 4, ' DiHfasw of the (Ivnrit^*: th«ir 
Diaf^osis and Treatment/ tlvo, London, 
vol. i. IsO-'f. vui. ii. IHTii : nlso [)ublishi.'d in 
Amtrioa.aml IraimlatMl into (iermaii, Liiij)- 
zip, leCfl and ]A"4. fi, ' Notebook for Cbscb 
ti{ t)varin>i and othvir AlxlotnLnHl 'I'liniourH,* 
Lf^ndnn, 1865. Sro; 2nd M. 18«8; 7th pd. 
1887; irontlatvd into Italian, .Milan, 18^3, 
ISmo, 6.'OnOTarinn and I't^'rinfTiiniours: 
their Uiagtiosia and Treatment,' London, 
1B03, 6vo; translated into Italian, Milan, 
1682, 8vo. 7 . ' I)iAffno#if and tSur^i<-nl Tri'nt- 
mentof Abdominal Tumours,' Loudon. IHB6, 
SvO! Iraiutlalfd into Frtiich,Pnri*, 18S6,6vo. 

[.\uir)1iicigrarhind details in the Rovival of 
OTaiiotomv mid il.» iTiflimHco uii Mmlmi >Sar- 
jirry, Ijiindtiii, 188*. oljiiaary nolirtio in ih* 
Britifh Mvdiml Jounial, ISD7, i. 388, nrxi in llio 
K*vn(! Af Ajtii'-riilogifl rl dc CfiirarRir nUio- 
iniiiAlp, 1K97 ; nddiiionnl i ii for tnn lion kitxily 
Hiveo by Sir Arthur S. WolU, bart.] D'A. P. 



■war' 



W£LLa, WILLIAM (1818.1889),. 
cuUurist, born on 1-5 March 1818, 
ifldtMtt Kin of CapTain William Wi-ll*, ILN^ 
of Holme, lliiniin^donAhire, hy KlixatM.'ih, 
dni>Kht«r of John Joahnn i'raln', Itrat earl 
of (^arjiirotl [(], v.] .\{lvT b.-ia(? educated 
at Harrow and at lialUol Colleffv, Oittori, 
wlK-rc he ualrii'ulated on Hi June V 
and gradunu-d B.A. 1S39 aud .M.A. 1' 
he entered the army, haldini; a commiwil 
in the Ur lifu guards. In 1826 he 
lur-'C-i^dHl to an estate of eight ll 
acres in the fen f^onnirj', and he ta chit 
mnn-mbtTt'd in virljiv of his e.flijrlJi ai 
pmeticalagTiciiltHriatto iniproTe and devclc 
Lhi« nrvii, inon< eepecially by the drainiD);< 
\VhittlM)4t Mi>ro, a altallowalir-r't of At 
water situated some fire miles from 
borOMgb, A littlv over a thousand acres 
(•stent, stirrounddl byanothrr two thou 
acres of bojr and marsh. 1'he reclamation < 
this tract weis borun hy Wells in 18A1 ; on 
\'2 Nov. of the foTlowiuV y-wr the mere 
again submerged. All the water was, ho^ 
ewr, dischaiia'd a swond time by ihv hH 
of the 'Apfioid' cenlrifugal |>um)i, wl " 
Wells WHS ont- of the first, if nut the fir 
to iipjirecialt- and to put to an nfcricultti 
uae. Hy the uulumn nf li^tS thehed of i 
mer« was in a otate of complete cultivatir 
The surrounding peal land proved, hove^-t 
mora obdurate, and it was found lit 
to f(0 throngh a process of warping, or oi 
laying with fcrtilu soil. This work bad 
bei'ii banlly begun when Well* in 1S60 con- 
tributed bin a^niaunt of the draining nieiB- 
liooH to thi- 'Journal of the Royal Auri- 
ctiltural Sot;iety' (let aer. xxi. 1%1). Theae 
operations were brought to an end about 
IMIHI, afiir (ifi..'rn yean* of inoAMsnt lat 
(Jounml J{ A. S. £'., 'inA aer. 1>*~(>, vi 

Much of tlic cultiratiou of tlic rcclaime 
land, and most of that of ihi- two honi<- farms 
reiterved bv W't'lln, wan ^wrforiued Lv mt*ana 
of steam power. With iho olqcci of en- 
counitiin^ ttii> intolligMiC uMi of xlnani fo 
agricultural purposes Wells offered prii 
annually, Vioginnin^ in Irtm.atthe meetti 
rtf the IVt(*rh<iroiigh A pricultiirul 
to the drivers of agricultunil portable st 
cngincft. for (*kill and care in the mane 
ineol of their machines, iroupled with a c1< 
record with rvgard to oecidenta <i6. 9 
st-r. IWW.iv. 204). 

Wellsi became a member of council of ' 
Royal .\)rrtoiill oral Society in 1801 . In De- 
cember 184)2 hf nHM rhdjtiin a member of th 
chemi[!aJ committee, of which he was elrett 
chairman in 11^06. Thix pc>«t lit* conlinnf 
to hold iin to the time of hin death. He 
was pre»idenl of the Koyal Agricultiml 





Wells 



ns 



Welh 



Sncin^ in ISflO, and of the Shire llurso 
Socielv in 1886, Ilo i*prw*iited BpthfIm 
in pnrfiamcrnt from }^t2 to IWir.ititl IVl«r- 
borougii from Ibiib to lb74. He wuju^tic* 
oftb« peau' for Kent and Hiintinf^ODsbinr, 
and lugli EheriU'of tliv lttt«r coualy iu )87(t. 

WfUftdiwi at his town TMidenoe, liXoMli 
Audley Stret't, on 1 .M»v I8W. ntid wm 
bnriw! at Holin<! oti Sluiuluv, t> Miiv. U« 
marrird, on 7 Di-c. I8G-t, LouUii ('Ikurtdrii^, 
daughter of Frwicix \Vctny»« Clmrti-ri* 
Douglas Wemyw, eiifhtli enrl of Weinviis 
[q. v.] lie bad no sun, and was 8UC<:«eoed 
d; Ilia brotliiT, Grcnvilk- Granvillu W«tlfl. 

[Ti[i>M.31<3Dda7, Nnj ISB9; Ana. Itr^Ht«r, 
IMS, Olittoary, p. 14-1; Agrirulmml Onieita, 
iM9. pt<. 414. Atii'. >lark 1-Atie Kxpnw. 1869. 
p. «S8 ; llella Wpekl/ Mn»ien)^r. 13 M«,y 18S9 , 
Jaiirn&i uf the Rnjitl Agricultuml Soe. na nbaTe. 
see nltko 2ad i>«r. i*. 2d7-&; Burke'i Liuded 
GtrnLrjr, flili Mlil., aim! rMmge, •.*. 'Vi^tnjMi;' 
Wnllord'i Catiulj Faiiiilia*, 1883 ; Fo«r«r'> 
Alamni Oxon. lllS.JSse.] £. C-k. 

WELLS. WILLLW CHAIILKS 
(17r>7-I8I7), pIiTt^ician, Hproiid aon of Uo- 
bert aiid Mnrv WrIU, •■minmiitii I'mm Si'nt- 
land, wax bom in Cli&rlo'^OT.'n, South C'liro- 
Una. on 24 May l~r)7. H\6 fatbiT, who hitd 
«cltii<<l in C'ltrolinn in 17-V), whs n iirinr^r. 
and nae so mucli ftllached lo xhv Ifiyalisi 
catMc that hi> oiadi- bin F<an wciir n lurtAn 
OOAt and blue bontirt, ho Ihar. hfi mi^ht brt 
known to i>« a fjcot at hoart and not an 
Am^ncan. II<^ iras aont to school at Ihim- 
friee in 1708,and wi-nt Ciii'niv to the univvr* 
mtf of Kdinhui^h in ]77(}, but iu 1771 
returned to CnroUna. imd was Bp)jrentLucd 
tn Dr. AlMandi-rUardfu [^ti. v.] of Charli-i" 
town, with wliom he rt^mamcd till the re- 
b<i|lion bnik« nut in I77'>, nnd then rvtiirncd 
to Great Hrilain and bcTun n^ifulor nirdirnl 
studies at Edinburgl), wli»re lie reBided till 
1778. lie thftn aitendod Dr. William 
UuntCT's lectures in Loudon, and became a 
studoat of $t. BartbolomrVs Iloffpitol. lli> 
veal u> Holland in 177Vi hk »ur{^i<a in a 
Scottiah regiment in iLe Uutch service, but 
rasifftwd in consiNjiii^nL't.- of the tj-raDoical 
coaiaiict of th« cnlomd, nnc) went tu ntudy 
msdieinp at I-erden in 17W) for three monthfi, 
Bv tlwre pr«pnrvd a tbct«itt 'Do FriRori*.' 
and i^dnnted M.D.nt Kdinbtirph on 2i Jutv 
1780, lie returned to Carolina lo look 
aft^r 1ii» father's propii-rty in 17h), Hud WL-nt 
thence In Oeovmber I7r*2 to St. Augustine, 
]^a»t Florida, where he put together ft press, 
whicli h«i had brought in pii^ces, and pub- 
lUU«d a wtvkir nt^uoimpiT. lie wa* aUo a 
voluntuor raplain. and aclftl, from hie rGcnl- 
]»nion of (inrrick's pfrfonnniic^ of th<> roltt, 
tbeparcof LuRignan in*Zara.' Ileretumed 



to Ku^lond in 3Jay 17S4, and, Kftor thiM 
montliH in INri* in I'N'i, giut hiit iianui on 
a door-plal-t! in London, but pasei-d Bevcral 
ye«rs without TFCeivinp a ft-i-; and at tlm 
end of ten ymn* civm«d a proff.i<f>ional in- 
conieof ^A(M. lie was admitted a licentiate 
of the CoUofto of rhywcions on 1 7 Miircb 
17^, was rU>ctvd pliyxifian to the Finnbury 
l)i»peuiuirv on 3 >-*-pt. 17M), iind held office 
[ill 11 Dw. KIW. Ill NovomU-r 1796 ho 
wo« 1-li-cIi-d aMistant physician to St, Tho- 
mafi'ii IIoKpilal and m ISCX) phvtician. 
', which olTicn liv hnlrl till hi.'' dr-alli. lln 
; publial)c-d in 17t):J *An E»«ay upon Sincle 
I Vtsjon with Two Eve?,' and in NfTemW-r 
ITflS -Wft* clrcit-d l-\i:.S. hi thft • Philo- 
sophical Transactions' he publii'hed papers 
' Un Ihi- Inlttieni-o which inoitt^S tho MllActeA 
of AniinalK to contrnct, in Mr, Oalvaui's 
Ksperiiuenljs" (l7!t-"jK '*hi the Colour of the 
; Blood" (1797). "On Virion' (IBii). He 
I began an irtmiiry into the nature of dew, 
I and imbli&bed ' An Eway on Dpw ' in 181 i. 
I He dtmonistrnl«'(l, after a nerien of well-' 
Hrranjffd observai iona made in the garden in 
•Surrey of hi» friend .Innie» Dunsirniin', that 
(Ilw i* fhf n-siilt of a pr(^nedinB rold in 
the sub8lanct-s on wbtcU it ai)p<.'ars, and 
that the cold which ■prodMccA dew i* itaelf 

Iiroduced by ihu radiation of hfat from those 
nidies uiKiii which dew i« drposittd. For 
this, the fir9t exact explanation of the plio 
I nuiui-ua of dew, he wa» awarded the Hiim- 
I ford medal of the Hovnl SociL'iy. lie also 
piiblishiHl twelve exceuL'ntinvdicnl ]HtticrKiu 
C he MrTond and third volumes of Uic ' Tnin»- 
nrlions of a Society for llie Promotion of 
Medical and Ohinirgiral Knowh-dLTc;' twfl 
Iclt^Ti* in reply to BomL' remarks of I)r. EruH- 
toUH l>arwiii in his ' Zoonoinia,' and ■ev«r«l 
)iiri^aphicn] notices in the 'OpntlemauA 
Magazine.' Ilediedon iKHep). I>ii7in Lon- 
don, at bis lod^nji« in Serjeants' Tnn, nnd 
wosbuiii'din St. Jtridt-V, Fltvt Sireet, where 
ft tablet WHS ereettnl to his memory. Dtiring: 
Lis last illiitss he dictatiKl an aiitobiO' 
irrajihy to hiit friend Samuel Patrick, which 
wospubliabed wilU bischiuf wurke in l9ld. 
I The tarvMt aoniial income li« n-cvivt^ wa« 
7MI. lie ni^Ter had a banking account and 
k'ft about &MI., inchidinjr his bnoki!, fumt- 
turi', and ^uld mrdnl. lie was obliged to 
live very frtifpUIy, but waa conBtaat in 
devotion to scisnce and most exact in his 
obaurvui 10118. He liod n difSirence with the 
College oT 1'hyi.iciani*, theffroundfl of which 
ho explained in a published k<tter to Lord 
KKnyon, nnd wht-ri. it*k<-il if he M-i«hed to 
, be n fellow, replied in the ne^tivo: but 
I Matthew Baillie [<|. v.], David Pitcium 
j [q. v.], and William Lister, alL fellows of 



^ 



Um colbg^ -wwn wannljr kMscImJ to him, 
uut bd^d bim u much u wu poesiUe 
iDpracttoe. 

[Woriuj U«iik'« Coll. of Ph}*. ii. 379.] 

S.M. 

WELLS, WILLIAM I-RKDKKICK 
(170^2-1890), wfttereolour-pftmu-r, wu bum 
itt Lotidon in 17ltl!, end ia cuppoAMl to hare 
bc«a iom nictvil in dnwing bj John James 

Barraloi [q. v.] Hi; wm mi rxliibitor it tlie 
VtoytX AcadetUT. cbiedy of views of Wfllsh 
BCtfivry, from f79'i to 'lh(H, wh«ii, in con- 

i'onction with Samuel 8hflk\Y [q. r.L ba 
Dunded tb« Society of I'uiiiten in \\*st«r- 
oalottn, of which he waa pre«i<lent ia IUU6-7. 
Buruif^ ttie next few juon hu vxhtbiivd 
(.-xcliutivvly with tbu aociety, witdiatf topo- 
grsidiical vi«w« and rustic figuniH ; but in 
ISlS, in eo[UM<}uenc« of a r«*olulion Iwiitg 
pMMd to admit oil paintiniFB, he eerered hia 
connection with it. UTiuii Addiscombe 
Collego waa ustAblishRd in IMH) WdU wea 
ap|H>int«d pn^ri'MJior of dnvwinj;, and he held 
that |>ofiitii>n for twonty T.-«r«; bo «1ao 
practised successTuily as a dnm-ine-maHter 
in Ixtndon. He rrat an intimate Irii-nd of 
Joseph Matlonl \V'illiatn Tunuir [<j. v.j, to 
whom be BiigiKMlcd tbe idea of lUe 'Liber 
Studiurum,' and tbu iintt drawings for that 
work wi!n> mad*! at bin bourn- iit Knocklioll. 
Betwmn 18(ti aod 1805 WelU and John La- 
pon«[q. V.J vjiMiutsd between tbem asarius of 
aerenij-two ftoft-gruiindtitcbiofcsfrora drnw- 
iD(t» by Gatosboivju^b, which weie iaaued u£ 
a volume Ju Iftlft. A w?t ofplal««<jf ft^maLe 
bends, t'njrrrtvftd by (it'orp^ Townlev Slublw 
from «tiiili>.>s by Wella, was piibliitu>d in 
IfiOO. Towards tho ond of hia Hfo be reliri'd 
to Mitcb&ni, Hum-v, wh4.*TO he di«d on 
10 Nov. lt«(5, nU daugbt.'r Clara, who 
bi>cauiv yipf. Wbti-U'r, wrote and privuU'ly 
printed in l's7'i a brief accuitnt of ibt^ ctr- 
cumetnncL4 aCtuuding' the foundation of th<' 
Wat<;rcolour Hociwty. 

[Rugct't Hist, of thn 'Old Watercolonr' 
fiociaijTi UfidfirsTo's Diet, of Artiita.] 

F. M. O'D. 

WELL3TED, ,1 AM KS KA YMOND 

(l»Uo-IH4:;), aurvi-yor urid trav.-Her, b'lm 
in 180rj, waa in I**!"*-!) «t-fT.-tary lo Sir 
(Jharlod Mnlcnlm [i^. v.', iiii|i<'rint<*iid<rnt of 
the Roiabay niinnit. fn )!s:t(l bo waa ap- 

Sjtntt<d Nocond lieiitenaut of t1)« Enat Indut 
nmpany'fi Kbtji I'ltlinurn.o, Ihoii cn^firrd, 
undt.T Captain More^byt in mtikiri|f a de- 
tailed #iirvay of the liulf of Akabik nnd 
the Dortbura pan o( thu K<:^ Hen.. She 
return^ (o Bombay «arly in 1K3.'{, and wh* 
then ecnl, under tbo command of Captain 
Haines, to turvuy the southern coast of 



lotber 



AralM», Wellated beiaf Mill hor Mcoad 
lieoteauil. la January 1631 ah* oiMnd 
oTvr to Socotni, and on tbe lOlb anrimfaJ 
in ib« bay of Tamanda. Wellsted bad ^ 
tained leare to travel in th« ialand, and fat 
the next two montbfi be wandered thrtnick 
it. retumins to bis ship on 7 March, "m 
rMulta of bia journey wem eonmnninted 
to the Koyal CrBoaraphical Society as ' He* 
moir on the Island of SoMtra * {Jonmat if 
tAeJtvyaiGMfrapAi<alSocie(i/.\.l-I»), la 
Norember MiSH be had pertniaaion to tra 
in Oman, and went to Muiicat on tbe I'l 
IB corapanv with Lirut*uant N\ bil*^] 
alio of the Indian navy. Tbe inam ga' 
tbem every assiataiico >n his power; aa^ 
srarting from Sur on 2rt Nor., ihey airivcd 
at Sib on 30 Jan. l$3t!. They were both 
down with feVff, but bv 2.» Krb, wpje so 
far rt-covt-nid as to be able to make another 
Atari, llie diaturboi) ulstv of the CO 
compuUeU ibvm to r«iiini. The reault« 
lbi« journey wem also laid before 
Itnyal Gaographlcal Sodety (ift. vii. 
Wp|li>l«d ^eems lo havf rosdi! atiniher at- 
tempt to explore Oman in the following 
winter, and to have arrived at MuKAt Id 
Apnl 1^>17. in an acute ata^ of fever. * In 
a lit of delirium he discboived b>jth barrel* 
of his gun into hi* mAiirb. htii the balls, 
paskinv upwardii, only inUicted Two ghastly 
wotDuU in xht> iippvr jaw.' He was canied 
lo [lombay, and thonct- returned to Europe 
on leave. He n.'tir«sl from ibe strvioe m 
IKtW, 'and dragged on ii few vf-ars in 
ahatiervd booltli and wilb impair<tl miiilal 
i»owcpi>, cbiedy rcjiiibnff in France' (Low, 
li, M-B). lie' died on 2.5 Oct. 1842. at hi« 
faibi-rV honw in Molinnut Str<*t, o^M 37. 
Wi'lUtt^rA papent read before tbe fleogn- 
pliicnl Society procured bitn tmmedtat* tv 
cofrnitinn in tiie scientitic world, and be 
wa«el'!Ct«I a ftllnw of the Itoyal Society on 
ti .Vpril IHJIT. He was aim a fellow of the 
Koyiil Astronomical i^ociety. l)e«d«a tbe 
pupt-ra already mentioned and otbera mtbe 
'Journal of'the Itoyal UL<ofrraphical So- 
cictv,' hi' was tbe author of 'Travels tR 
Arabia' (\fi3H, 2 vols. Svo), and 'Travsll 
to tbe City of tlie Caliphs' (1840, 3 vols. 
6vo), an ftocoiini of the travels of bit friend 
Lieutenant Ornuby. 

[Wollftiod's Works: Journal of the Baral 
Oeofraphica] SnetHy. vol. xiii. p. xliii ; TinM. 
VJ Nov. ISn-, Liw's Ui*t. of the Indian 
Navj, ii. 70-80; Uurkham'* Mara, on tba 
Indian Sarrcys ; Genu Uag. 1S4S, ii. 102.1 

J. K.L. 

WELLWOOD, Sin lIENIlY MUN- 
CItEIFFtl750-l82r).Scoiti»h divine. [3» 

MOXCBKIFF j 



rOOD, SiH ITKNRY MOX- 

,lB0e'lS&3),ifcottistidivin«. [Hw 

AIOSCRnFT.] 

WKLLWOOD. JAMKS (lrt.-»2-i;i»7), 
phyek'iaii, mis 'jf itobert Wellwood of Touch 
itnd Ilia wif», Jean Lirin^onc, wiis bom in 
16-W and t-d iiCAlvd at UliUfiow UiiherKilj-. 
Hi- WHBt to Hiillaod in 1671', and is said to 
have cndunted M.l>. al Ijordun, but liir 
Ti»tnB «ti^» not nj)]»<?)ir in IVaciick's * Index.' 
lie reiunipd to r.nirland witli William III, 
and on '22 IVc. Itl90, b^itig ilu.-n nliTSiciHii 
to King Willinm nnd Qiir-en ^^a^y, was 
elected a fellow of the CoUeg« of I'bysioiane 
of London. He wtu r\tctcA a t^cntor of th<^ 
coUcf^o in 1722, A lvtt«r of Itis to the Udj- 
tnnyoKM on tliu c»*e of Marj^ Maillurd, a 
fftrl lamu fivim birth, wii» piiblifibvd in Lon- 
don in 1094. In UWU li,- publisled a ' Vin- 
dication of the ReTolutinn In Kn^lnml/ and 
RIL ' Answer to tli<i litti' King .]i)mr*H*jt ijaxt 
I>«ler»rion'(i*nd wiit. 1603). Thflao were 
followed in 1700 by 'Memoirs of the niDi<1. 
>I&terinl TrAnMclions in Knglund for tliA 
lai^t Kundrt-d Veant prtH'edin^ the JteToIu- 
tiiin in 1(188,' which i^onl^nins several originivl 
accounts and un tiblu Blttlvmcat of the whig 
cMe. Four autboriiMd edilioni appeared b»- 
forre 1710, and one after that diiti>, and thftro 
vrt'rvalsasKVvml pinited t-ilitiitiiH. In I'lOhe 
pnblitltivl ■ The llanqm-t nf X«nophon.' with 
fin introduiJtor? essay on till' dralhijfriocnitfg, 
dedicntpd to J^ldyJwlnT^l^lllf[lL■l,"l^ll■-1tdan^^b- 
t«r of til.; t>nlio of Qin'on-^bcrryantl Dowr. 
Ui» bonatf vra« in York iluilding*, n*>ar Ibn 
Strand, and ho diwl llien* on t! April 17127, 
aadn^os buried in the cimrcliof St. WhtI inV 
in-lbe-rieldfl ( Ilitt. Iteg. Chron. Diary. 1 727, 
p 15). 

tMnnk'i ColL of Phy*. i. 483 ; WeI|wood'« 
Works: Cholmm'sBioer. UicC. 1816; Allibone's 
Diet, or Engl. Lit. I N. M. 

WELL'WOOD, Sib .T.\MES,Lor» .Mos- 
CEEiFUlTZO-l'i'ol). ,"Sec MoscRRirr.] 

WELLWOOD. WILLIAM f,//. ].'<7J^- 
\6'J'2), tirofctssor of law and matli^matics. 
[See \V RLWooD.J 

■WEL3BY. WILLIAW NKWLANl* 
(lH01':--lH(i4). le^al writer, born in CheshirL- 
about 1802, waa tbti only hum of William 
WKUby (if tliH .Middle 'EVmpli-, gentleman. 
He wu.«fldiiiiTt(!dafi a pensioner at St. John'H 
Coii'-g", ('iitnhridgv, nn 2H iVt. IfllR, and 

Saduaied It.A. in lftL>.1 aiul M.A. in lr»i7. 
n '22 April \&29 be was ndmitted as etu- 
d^nt at ibu Middle Tempi*, and was calbwi 
to (be bar on 10 Not. ISHQ. He went the 
JitHth Waloa and Cbeet«r circuit, and in 




I&11 vae appointed recorder of tliat rity. 
For many ywirs he reported in the court of 
exchequer, and he was junior counsel to 
the Ireosury, He enjoyed the reputnti'ju of 
hvincT an accomplished scholar and Inwyt-r, 
but ii'm exertion^oferuxwl hiEStrcugtli,ajid 
on 1 JdW 18tM he died al lt» Holland ViUaM 
Kuad, K.vnsingtou,ag«d *3L He woa mar- 
ried, but bad no ohildren. 

Welfiby«dit«d, with Itoger MceAon, seren- 
t.'en vnliimi-jt at ' tvxchvquer Reportu,' be- 
ginning with 1837, and coUrtborati-d with 
K. T. HurlBtone and J. Hordon in nini; etib- 
A>-quent volnnjca ranging from 1H49. In 
conjunction with John Hurutio Lloyd he 
published in throe pari§ * Keporta iif Mrrcan- 
tile Cim-a in tin* uoiirta of Coramnn Law' 
in isa'a and I«i(t. and ha «diied witli Kdwartl 
Buuvan tlio second edition of Oliitly'a *CoN 
Inction of SdttuleJi ' ( IKijI-i, 4 %'ols.), aupoF- 
intending al&o the third nlition, which 
apiwnrt'd in J8il6, after his death. The 
fourth Tnlumi^ in the tw^nty-Hr^it >-ditioii of 
Blackstone'e 'Commeniarlee ' (18-14) was 
edited by Iiim, and tlM* whole set, wilh notes 
adapting it to the udu of the student in 
America, was issued at New York in ItU7. 
The other worUs publiHbod undur hia editor- 
ship coropnsed J. V. .A rchbiild'n 'Hiinnnaryor 
the Law on PlLiuUng and Evidenc/' in Crimi- 
naKJaaea' (inili«ht. I fil'l, 1.1th edit. 1862); 
Dr. ,Toftepk BatemanN ' Oi-nrriLl Tumnilce 
Koad Acut ' {18&4). and Iiih ' General High- 
way Acta' (IPfiS); Sir John Jervis's 'Trea- 
tise on Office of Coronera' (IW)!, r^iuned 
by C. W. Lovely in 1*56); Sir Chrigtophyr 
RriwlinRon'.s 'Municipal Corporation Act* 
( L'nd.Srd and 4th edit. ]S50,l)-/i6,and 1803): 
and he rcri^cd the second edition of Sir 
W. 11. Watson's •Trcaliw on thti Oflice of 
Sheriff* (L'nd edit, l*H8>. \V-l»l,y alw 
editi.*d a volume containing sixteen admir- 
able 'Livea of Luiinerit Kngli^h Judges 
of the Hevvnteenth and Kighteenlh Ccn- 
(Mnt!*,' which originally came out in the 
'Law Magaaine;* nine of them were from 
his ]ien. 

[Ocal. Mag. 1864, ii. S«a: Timaa, ft July 
186'!. p. I ; Render. 23 Vw. 1865, p. 701 : in- 
formation from >lr. R. I", ftjott of St, John'a 
Collt'gB. Caiiibridi/o,] W. P. C. 

WELSCHE. JOIIK (1670?-l022),9cot- 

tish dirine. [See Welch.] 

■WELSH, DAVID (1"03-184S), Scota 
cUvitie ami aulbnr, young«"»t son of David 
Welsh, sheep farmer, of Harlshatigh and 
TweiidehawB, was Ix.ini at Bnwfoot, Moffat, 
on 11 Dec. 1708. He wn.^ fidiieat<>d at 
Mofl'at parish Bchool, the high school of 
Edinburgh, and Edinburgh University, and 



OB 7 Mqr 1610 wm lioeiued to preach bv 
dKnwbjrteryof LochniaUrn. On '22 Mnrcli 
■1S3I he VH ordained miniKter of tbe {wnBli 
of OroMnichael in Kirkco<lbnf{hlshnv, *n<i 
im 6 Sept. 1637 h«i wu tr»mUt«d io Bt. 
David** Ctitircb, G)&«^w. In October 1831 
be WM tppfMnted proflMsor of ocAlcstaattcal 
bistof^ ID thu anivvrsily of Edinbureh, and 
on \B^rlag (ilaagow recair«l from tbe ani- 
nnily llu define of V.U. Ai tbe iiuM.-hii|; 
rthaganaral w mMyof 16i2hawa»ghoaen 
, _ioilenUir of the aanmU;', which adopted 
*tbo claim of right,' and wax nni> or th« 
iMdera of thmu^ wha, on IB May 1643, 
fbrmed themselves into *the general aMvmbly 
of the Free l*rotc«tinff Ohtuch of Scotland,' 
with I>r. (*lialniers as iM fint moderslor. 
Welsh had the hononr of lajinfr their ' pro 
taal ' on ths labl*) of tbe usnobly. lie had 
to iMign hi* diair, and bU appointmeiii as 
aerretary to lh<! bibla board, madfl in \83S, 
wajt cancill*^!. In two tnontlm hi; C4>lWttMl 
SI^XNir for hiiildini? the 'new oollef^' at 
Edinbui^. In li^ h<< 'n-a« ajppointwl 
Ubrnrian of (he roUeire and pnr«saor of 
filiiireh hiitorv. He dtt^d saddenlv at Camix 
Eakin on th« Clyde on 24 April IWfi, 
nirvivi'd by hia wife — ^siiiter of William 
Hamilton, provxist of Olangnw — and four 
children. 

ViVUli became the firat editor of the ' North 
Britiili Review' in 18J4. He wns the author 
of: 1. 'Account of the Lift; and Writiu)^ of 
T. Brown, M.I>.,' Kdinbui^h. lBi6, «vo. 
3, '8ermona on Practiciil Subj<.-<ci«,' li^iii- 
bopjfh, IWU, Rvii. n. ' Klcment* of Cliufch 
History,' Kdinbiirgh. 184-J, vol. i. Svo. 
4- 'Memons; withn Mpmoir by A. Danloii,' 
Edinbiiri;h, 1^11. ''to. He aUo editM the 
' lyjcturiM* 'Ml tln> I'hiltiBOphy of thw Human 
Mind,' bvThomafl Brown, 18M. He contri- 
butiMJ thi- article* ' Jeous ' and 'Jews' to the 
mvnith edition of 'KoeyelnpndiABritaiinica..' 

|And«rM>n's Peolli«h Nation; Scotf* VhM'i ; 
Wjlitr'i Ditruplion Worthim; Dnnlnp* M^ 
moir; Uric. Mat Cat.; AUibono's Did.; Cliara- 
htnt'm Eminent Sootaman ; Addiwon's Gmdiintai 
of OlaiBOir Univ. 1 8fl8, ] O. B-u. 

WELSH, JAMES (I77rf-lft61), Renflral, 
Madnu infant^, ion of John Welsh, a 
Sootaman, waa bom on 12 March 177.1, He 
obtained a eommiaion as ensign in the army 
of the Eaat India Company om 2l' May 1790, 
and airired at Madrim on 2S Jan. 1791. He 
joined the 3nl nunijwmi i»f(jirofiit at Velur, 
and in Nov'mber oficendml the ghads with 
Colonel Floyd'a detacbmnnt to iwr*-e in the 
ffrand army under J^rd Cornwailis. 
"*. Welab wan promoted to be lieiileaant in 
the &4th native infantry on I Nor. 1792, 




and took part with it in lbs «WB oC '. 

chfTTT in Jnly and Aagnat ifvS. 

f'ltTpd Id 17d>i to the (fth native tnCuitryat 
Mandura, he •errwl at the capi unof Colusilio 
and Ceylon in F'^bmary 171^. and remained 
at Poini-di^Ualltf as ftjrt-adjutant nsttl tbe 
end of 1 708, when be waa timnalivnd in tbe 
■atne capacity to MachlipaCnnai. 

On 10 Dec 1799 W«l«h was proaot«d b> 
be captain, and appointed aoJDtant tod 
quartermaater of tbe Srd native iobtitry, 
which in 18CK1 fiarmed part of a fame under 
Ma^r-jpeneral .Vrthar Wetlealey to Qfm»t 
apiinst the Marathaa. lie inaraied with it 
across India to Funa, and in June look part 
in tbe aief^ of Ahmadnanr, which was suc- 
OGMftiUy ctorawd on 13 AuR- 

Welah served on tbe ai»n at the battle of 
Argautn (29 Nov.>, in tbe Eiejre and aaatdt 
41S Dec.) of Oawilgarfa, and led a body of 
iSX) men, after a forced marrh of fif^Mtoar 
miles, to the capt ore of Maakarsir oa o Feb 
lAOI. He wa.« appwnted jud([ifr«lvocato 
and asfiistant stureyor to the Paoa aubeidiatv 
forcr. and, marcbinfiwith it^ in August toot 
pan in the assault and capture of Cbandut 
on the lUth and the occupation of Dburp 
on 14 Oct. He eommaoded a panyof thm 
hundred men at the capture of Oalnab oa 
3ll Oct., and on IS Nor. prtweeded with a 
small forcM to open oommunication tbrooxb 
a difficult country, with Kunit, when be 
arrived on the ^iitli. In December Welsh 
WHH si-i]t on a mtstiion to n Rhil chief by an 
unexplored pBSB to the northward, and 
ciiiitt^it a nuliffnant fever which clung to 
liim for mnnv vmrs. 

Un 15 May 'lW.'> Welsh sucooeded to tbe 
Romtnatid of bis battalion at Pona, oontiaa- 
ing to hold bif slolf nupointmeat until tbe 
end of thtf year, when ne marched with hi* 
r«giinenl to Palamkotla in the Kamatak. 
arriving on 27 March. IIk was in conunasd 
there on 19 Nov., when, as the pirriMowcK 
aMcmltling under arms, be discovered a plot 
among the native trvmpB to murder all tbe 
Kuropeans nt the station. Acting with tbe 
erenteKt prompiitudc h« seiaed ibe rin^ 
leaders, disarmed the native midiets, and as- 
pelled the MiiliammiuIuuB from the fott. Qe 
was tried by court-mart iixl for precipitate eon- 
duct in having diBarm«d tbe native garrison 
with inauftictent cauae, but was hononrahlr 
iic(|uitt4!d on 30 March 1807, and congratu- 
lated by F:ovpmment on thin vindication at 
hill n-])ututi(in. Weii«h was promott^d to he 
major on '2'2 May 1KI7, and went home on 
fiirioiigh. 

Itcjoining hia rrcitnent on h Feb. 1800 
before the lines of Trmvuntron'. where il 



formed part of a force under Colonel ijt. 




Welsh 



H9 



Welsh 



Webb lod the etorming pKrty io tbt «iioms»* i 
fill ttMiauIl of (lit>«« fnnntdablit deCenoet on 
the niKht tif 10 Feb. [It- was mentioned in 
dwipatclii--», titid llic Ciiiirt nf dintclnrt of tlir^ 
Eitiir, Imlin C/tmiiany bora liiglileatimnny to 
hia serricps on tne nccssion, olwLTvinjf thnt 
the ochi»vcmL>nt. rcfl<-eted the urnuKft credit 
on \VeI»h, ' wbo led t)i« stonuinf; party in 
a mfinnf^r tbat doee ein;^lar honour to bis 
iutrvpiditv aiid pcreovorancj ' {Politkal Dt- 
*pateh, HO S>pt. 1809). (M 1« l-Vb. 180U 
lie led the advancB from ihti soutb, and wns 
iMicrrMATuI in cnptunng nvvArnl hill forUi, 
nrrivinf; nt Trirandrum, the capital of Tru- 
vancon>, on i Miirch. 

In April lnl'2 h^ nninroand«<l a amall 
force sent to quell a rising; in the Waioad. 
which he &ccoRipliah«<l after a iiitinlli of 
heavy nucHlagutddentiltory Qghttng. lie 
WU protnote>d bo be lieiitenant'-cotonel on 
33 Jan. IBIS, and wa« apiiointvtl dt^putv 
judge-odrocalw^iu'ral, reaidtog at Ilen- 
gslur. 

On fl 1-Vb. lS2i WfUh wn» aiipointwd to 
onminaud the irofps in the provinc&s of 
Muliibn and Cannra ; on ll May 1823 Io com* 
tnund at Vclur; on '2'A Jan. ]ft"2-l to rom- 
maiul in Trarnncurc and Cochin; and on 
1 Aug. iJ^dti to command the I>onb field 
force. 11« orriTtKl at Bul^um in Keptomber, 
KDd was immedtatfily ongafted with llm rvai- 
dent in niMi«ur«it which vrrre succcmAiI in 
prerentiiiif a threatened rining at Kol&pur. 

Early in ISlfl) WcUh went to Enf^landon 
furloush. Ill' was promoted to bu culom-l 
oa& Junr. In tht> following yeur ho pub- 
lished '.Nlililary lii-miuisraiiCL-^, fp.<m a 
Journal of nwirly fiTi v ycjim' Aclivn Si-rvtiv 
in the East Indies,' with o?er ninety illus- 
iTatinnn (2 rol*. f^ro, two i^iliotMii. The 
vnrk r^inainn u.'i*:ful for it« dis.'^criprion.i ni 
places and military incidents in aouthern 
India. 

V\ vUh did not return to India until hi§ 

fromotion to major-goiieriil on 10 Jan. 1937. 
lu WAM appuiulcd on 1 June to the com- 
mand of toe northern divbon, Madras pri^ 
aideuo'i to which woa added, in Novembt-r 
1838, thii coininaiid in Katnll. Hi- wn.-> pro- 
nint«d lieutenant-ireneral on fl Nov. 184K. 
and reliniiuiahed his command on 14J Feb. 
following. On leavin^r Inilia the goTcmor 
in council exprmscd th« high »ense enter- 
t*inod of th« i^Uantry and ;!enl which hft'l 
mnrbed hta serrico of tlfiy-ejght ypurs. Jle 
was promottid to bt^ ^ciiecal on 20 June l8o4. 
Ho died nt North Purudv, Balh, on 24 Jnn. 
IfiUl. Welj.li marriw! at Calnitla, in 17H-1, 
a daufrhttfr of Francis Li|;ht. lirBt goTcmor 
of Princtt of Wm1i-«'« IsUnJ, Pi-nnng, by 
whom he had b numerous family. 



[India Offitv lUcDida ; Boyal Military Oal4>n- 
dar. 1»^D: Allibona'a bjciionarj of Kagtiak^ 

LiCFratoTD; Aaniiat RraiaCrr, 18K1 ; W»t*hM 
Military l{eniini*c«o<«a; L.ii«mry DoMtir, v'[<c«-1 
taiur, .Scoldnuui, and LomUa Manthlv Rcriow 
of 1830.] R. n. V. 

WELSH. JOHN (tH24-(8.'i0l, mcteoro- 
Logiat, eld«Bt son ofUwrjfeWohih of Craijiien- 
putCock, waa born at Boreland in iIh> 
stewnrtr\-of kirkcudbn^htou ^rSi^t. 1H24. 
Hia father, who wajt 'ojctcnsivflv i>iigaii;ed 
in agriculture.' died in IHS.'i, and Ills mother 
iwttii'd at l^iuitlf I>oiigla->, tvhrn' Welah r^ 
r*ired his early education. In N'oTeraber 
1839 he entenjd iIk" univemtyof EdinburKh 
with a riftw to hec<Muinga civil cnifinocr. and 
studiedunderPiofeseors Philip Kellaitd if. r.l, 
Janirs David Forbcj" q.v. j, and liVitx-rl Jame- 
son [q. v.~ In Ueceiubcr 18I:J Sir Thomai 
MakdoiiKAll-ltriabnne q. ▼.], on the advic« 
i>f J-'urlittji, rngu^'d Welsh as an obwrvcr at 
his rutttruelital and niHlMiridogical obwrva- 
torynt Makun^loun under John Allan Broun 
[q. V. 1, ilien dintrtor. In IWIl Wrlsh.lwing 
anxious to obtain ao.mi? other post, was r»- 
commonded by Brisbane to Colonel William 
Henry Sykfji fq. v.], chairman of th^ com- 
niitte« of the British AssociaiJon which 
managitd the Kew Obftor%-ator>-, and bo was 
appointed asaislant to (Sir) Fni&d« BonaldB 
fq. T.l, who woa honorary aupsrintendefit. 
Wcli>h rt^ad at thu Ipswich mcetinf; of 
the BssociatioQ in UctoUr ISil an elabo- 
rate report on lionalda'a tbn^e mapnetft- 
giuplu. WeUii also praaenled and dtecriUd 
two sltdin^-riib's for rwducing bvumnn-lri- 
vx.]. and mn^icitiu obserrstiona. In 1H5L' he 
rf-ad an imiH>rlniil report on thn melhoiU 
used in ^Tadimting and comparing standard 
instnitnvntJt nt the Kew Observaloiy. .Since 
thi.'i date, the verification of lliiormometcrs 
and barometen) i*iT construction of these in- 
struments has bMU rcgalarly undortaktm at 
Kew. 

Welsh now sucocedod Ronalds, wbo had 
n.'«i|ru»d, tts i>uperintendcnt of thu obeer- 
vatory. Dn 17 Auy., 26 Aug., 21 Oct., nnd 
10 Nov. \^'i hu made, under the auspicva of 
the Ki^wcominitti!!-, l'i)i)riu(n>nt]i fromVaiix- 
hoU, wilh the ossistanMt of Ohnrlea flroer 

. v.], in bis bnlloou the UreBt (or Royal) 

assau, in ord.-r to make inoieoroio^ical ob- 
aerrations, of which a detailed dttaonption is 
(riven in the ' Philosophical Tranaactions'for 
Uh-A, p. sia 

In March and May l**64- he mad« for the 
commiitcf an iuvi'sti^iion on the 'pump- 
i«(f ' uf marine baronit!t>^rH. In ISIiri Welsh 
went to Paris to Baper%*iae, at thfl exhibition 
of that ytM, the exhibit of magnetic and 
meleoroloffical instruaeDts Q«ed at Kew. la. 



& 



1BA6 be bema at Kew » mtim at mootltlv 
determuutunuofabBolBtenagneticmtsnat; ' 
aod iii«gn«tic dip irith iavtrtunonta prorided ' 
}» Gnwnl rSir) Rdn-artl Habine [n. ▼.] In 
im mate vrar \^'t•!•lh wtu directed to coo- ' 
sCracX Mll^recordin^ ma^etic instnusiMiU 
on tii« niQd«b devised nnginally bj Koiuilda 
KOd inprored br binuclf. 

In 1&.'^7 hv KM vWted F.K.S. In tbv 
■ane year the Kew conimtti«e luring deeided 
OB t magnvtie ttuxcy of the Brilitu islanda, 
WeUb wait appoinin] fo iind«ttake the 
' Nunh BritUa ' dirisiaii, and epeut part 
at tlur Diimmeri of 1857 and I8M On thi« 
work. Hut during the winter of 18A7-8 
WeLth hod Buff>>ml frvni 1ud2 diaean, and 
lis inciwued dunnf^ t>H- fiillowinf^ jfur. 
under m^cal advic«, he spent tbe 
'winter of 1858-9, iiM-»mpanicd by his mother, 
atFalmoutb.aDddiedat tbaiplacvonll Mnv 

IPneaadingi of the Bojal Society. toL x. pn. i 
xxsir {obituatr) and xxxix paaaim (SooUs 
Bist. of tba K«w OtiwrvaUiry, also puUiibod 
aapantalj) : Welsh's own papen ; Rril. Asaoc 

Jt^pom, ia&o-ft9.] P. J. II. 

WELSH. THOMAS (l78I-18tB). voca- 
liit, Mill of John Welsli, tiy hit wife, & daugh- 
ter of Thomas Iiinley Iba uldvr [q. v.\ vu 
bom at Wells, Bomenet, in tiHl." He 
bccamv a chorister in Wells Cathedral, where 
his sii]f(ing to a.\lnu:l':d lurere uf music Irom 
the iieiKhboLinnt;; towns thnt ' (in the Kstur- 
days too city hok'ls fcU tlie incr^sse of 
visitctn, and on Sumliiva ihn chiircli was 
crowded to excess.' Sheridan heard nf him, 
and induced Linley to «ngngi.> him for the 
oratorio pcrfonnanoea at tbi^ Haymarket 
Theatre, London, in 179ti. Engsgeint^nts 
followed for the stage, in eourse nf which be 
■onii ill manv operas, some of which, tmcb as 
AUwood's' l*ri»oncr,'w»^rc written expreasly 
tovxiiibit his [xmerH. ilv was alto brouj^bt 
into notice as an s^tor, mainly through the 
iDfluflnci} of Kumbie. Meunwhilu he was 
perfecting hi* musical education under Ktirl 
Friedrtch Uom [seo undi?r IluuN, Ciiaulbs 
KnwARti], Jolinnn llaplixl. ('rn.mt-r [ilv.], and 
Uaumgarl:cn. ila produced two liirri'S at 
tbu Ijycvum Theairc^ and an opera, 'Katns- 
katliA, at- Oov.>iir Oardi-n, nnd lillimaTcly 
Mttled down to his chief work as a teacher 
of singing. Ill- hod great eiicccM with his 
pupilii, nmong whom were John Sinclair 
(1.91-1857) [q, T.], Churles Edward Horn, 
CatLuriuu Sttiputtos (alUrwarde Coimu^Jis of 
Eaiex) fq. v.], and Mary Anne AVilson, who 
bMamehiBwifi!, andaangin manyiinu'jrtant 
0QOC«rls. lie died at Urighton oti ^4 Jan. 
184S. In addition to the dramatic pieces 




mentiooed, h» wrote aoiBe ■awatna fir | 
0^19). »ofs. pui-Boa^a. glsM and 
and a ' Vocal Instrador,' Loodoa [1835]. 

[Qwm. Use lS4it. i. m •. Bi(«npfa>e>) Ite- 
liooaij of 3lfB>ciaa>, 1824- Gmrv'« DWt. ^ 
Hosk: Brawn and Strutoa'* Britiab XomsI 
BloeiapIiT : {Bforautioa irtaa, a vnud-MplMv, 
a p. WeUh, «q.. Of VIM*.] J. c u.. 

WELSTED, LEOX.UU) 0089-171 

poe4,wasbam at Abingtan. Nnrti 
*hirc, in 1 68«. H ii" father, L««oard Wi _ 
was ekct^ from Westninstcr acbooJ t» 
Trinity Colh-sv. Cambridge, in 1667: wai 
pKbendary of Vorii, and rector of Abin^ea 
friiia ll56o to ](t9S, when he became tmbt 
of Su Nicbo1a«, Newcaatle. He married, in 
ltS86, Anne, daughter of Tbcimaa SUTi-Ifi.> 
lawyer and antiquarr, and di«d on 1^ Nor. 
1694, two yrars afler his wife, l>««inB 
three children. The eldest eon. Leonan 
Wekted, was admilted n qucva'a ecbolar it 
We*tnjin«er in 170S. and was elected t» 
Trinity College, Cambridgv, in 1707. Ap- 
parently he did not rv-Riain long at the '- 
Temily, for while rerj' vounir he as 
daugliter of Henry iSiroefl 'q. t.1, 
musician, and obtained a place m tbe oB 
of one of the s#cn^tartas or stat«, by tbe i 
tereet of the Karl of Clare, afterwaw Da 
of Newcastle. At some time before 1721 _ 
benune one of the clirrk* extraordinary to 
Leonard Smell, clerk of the delirenes imli' 
ordnaiioe oflicar, nnd bad n bcitiaxin the Tower 
of London, which he mQnti'>n<i in hi* poeu, 
'Oikographia.'inscribedtothellukeof DorMt, 
with a lamentation at the emptinesa of bis 
cellar. In 1730 Wehted vn» adraneed in 
the ordtianco office ( probably through \^ 
intcreiit of llishop Hoadlr) to the olhcvif 
clerk in ordinary, and in May 1731 he ws« 
maduunu of lhi-ct.<mmis»tonurs fur managing 
the state lottery, lie died at his official n^- 
eidence in the Tower in August 1747. 

Welsltyl's first wife died in 17i?4; lh>-w 
was one daughter, who died in 1 736. His 
second vrifv, Anna Mnria, a remarkaUs 
beauty, wasi airtter to Admiral ^r IIoveBdoi 
Walker \q. x.] She died a f^ ni'inths 
after hn* aushand. Welsted's only brother, 
Thomas, was buried in St. Mary s Churcli. 
Leicester.in 1713; hisf^tst^r. Ann<*, iuwhixD 
admlnisi ration of Welstod's ufTects wsa 
granted in Norember 1747, died in l7-'i7,aM(l 
was buried at Uallougbton, Xottingluin- 
sliin^. 

Welsted'a first poem, '-Apple-Pye,' oftea 
wmnglv ntl.ribut<-r| to Willism King (IftO- 
171:J) [(].v.],waflwritt<?n in 1704. Hisolho" 
writings wurc published ae follows: L 'A 
Poem occaaioned by the late famous \'k 





Wclsted 



»4< 



Welsted 



<»r Oudeiuirdc-. tnecnbt^ to the Hon. Robert 
IlAri^y,' I70», fol. -2. • A Fwm (o ibc me- 
Bon*4f tlioincompnnihlf? Mr. fJoha] fbilipa' 
rq.O,1710,fol. a, -Tiiw WorkflorDionyww 
Loneinuson the Sublime. . .translated frain 
tbe Oit-vk ; wiili tomv Rvmarka on the Euff- 
lish TftelV 1712, Svii, 4. 'A I'nmin^,' *d- 
iliwwud toStwIu; partly prpaerr-Hi in Bover's 
• Political fidit*! ' l->r 171-1, p. 30ti. 6.'An 
Eyiietle to Mr. 3t«i.ilp, nn thn .\ci'e««ion of 
Kiiig'OworKe,'l7I4,rol. (J. ■ The TriuniTirat*, 
■nr s I.flirflr in Wtso from Pal^mon to Cclia 
from Both,' 1717, fol.; h utire on 'Thrw 
Hoiiri kftet NarriBCL',' by Gay, Arbuthnut, 
«nd Popg. 7. ' Tbo Free-tliiiikor,' 1*18- 
17-1, by .'Vmbrose Philips. Jtc, contained 
Mveral pooRU by W«lat(id, atid & Hp<-cim«n 
of a tranalattonof Tibullua. H. ' An Kpixtb- 
to llio Ihike of Cliandns,* 1720, fol. !i. ' A 
Prologiie U> ihnTown, ■ircnsioiK"! by the rt— 
TJTal of tt plav of BliBh.iiwur,' 17'.il, fol. 

10. ' An Epn!tl« to Kurl Cudofian,' 17^2. ful. 

11. 'AnKpiatlrt to tht^ lali* Hr. tJarth, oc<-«- 
Moned by the Duke of Mariboro%'li'& death,' 
I7&J. 12, Prolojrui" and I'pilo^tiH-toStt'ifle's 
'Conacious Lover*,' 172i. \3. 'Oikographin, 
s Poem ... to tha Uuku of Duwet,' l~tii>, 
foL 14. ■ An Utlo to the Hi^hi Hon. Licut.- 
Oenera) Wadtr, oit lu« liimtrniiiid ihit High- 
IsndH,' 1726. ir>. KpilojTiiB to .^uthome's 
•Money th.' Sli-trp*.,' 17^6. Ifl. ■ A Hymn 
to tlie Crefltor, written by ni^-ntUmnn oti 
dw oceuios of tbi! (Imtb nf hia onlv daugb- 
t«r,' 1720. 17. 'The Uiwembli.d ^Vnnton ; 
or, MySoa,g«tMon«y: iiof>mi*dy.'17:J7.Svo; 
thit play was artwl at l.incoln a Inn Fieldi^ 
in 17L'fi. H, 'A Dij*coiirsc to th? Right 
Hon. Sir Itobert Walpole, to which i> aii- 
nexrd ]»ropo«lfl for translating tbp whole 
\Vork»ofIlorai?e,*1727,4to(pru«?). 19. Epi- 
logiio to MattUy*a ' Widow Be wilt? bed,' 
173tf. 20. 'On« Epiallf to Mr. Pope,' in 
COOJuaction with .Mnorr Smytbi-, 1 7SD. 
31. ' Of Falsu Taeto : an Epintle to tli^ Karl 

■; of Petnbroke,' U.-JS, 8»o. -Ji. 'Of HiiIncM 
and SnDdal, ocnuiionnd by thf chsrnct^r of 
I»rd Tiinon in Mr. Pope's Epistle to the 
Earl of BiirlinRton/ I7ai'. 8vo. 23. 'Th« 
^faflinH and Conduct, of Providence, from 
the Crr&tion to the Coming of MtMsiah' 
(1736>. Svo. 24. 'Thw Siimmiim Bcranm. 
or Wiit'st Pbiloaowhy : an ICpiHllf to a l-'rieii<l,' 
1741. In 1724 Wolsiod ptibliaUed a colluc- 
tion of hia 'KpiMtl™, Odw, kc, wriltpn on 
aevunl SulJArta.' nnd inclnded in the voliini(> 
bin tranftlalmn of LoiiKinu>i, and a dissLTiu- 
tion oonoeraing the pi-rfi'otion '>f tbrv Bn^lir.!) 
t«n(niaee, &c. Thin volume v.-aa dedicuCiMl 
to the nuke of Newcastlo. In 17ti7 John 
Nichola pub[i»bed a careful t-diiion of all 
WaIaU^'h works with a memoir and uot«a. 
TOE.. LX. 



I AmoR^ Wclated'a frtenda wen- Anthony 
Hammond, TLwobnld, Moon-, and Cuokt>, the 
last of wliom mort- thni) onctt compHmvntaJ 
WiilM«d in bin vtirsw. Another literary 
friend was 8tet*lft, and WVInl^d winnii to b» 
referred to in the Recount nf the Tale Club . 
in thu ' diiardinn,' Xo. I OH. In the report.) 
of the sftcM-committt'e of 1742it wasstatedT 
that 600/. was paid to W'eUted for Rpeoial 
^r\-tce« iti August 17l'>, and this ia on» of 
the things for which Pope reproachua him; 
but Wfilst«d df^cUred that h« received tbe 
mouthy for the nan of his frJund t?to«'l(> ; and 
a letter of Steele lo bia wife appears In cor- 
robomtu this story (.\irKK.«f. I.t/e of Steflft. 
ii. 72-3). John IIhkIipb |lt!77-l7i;0') [q. v.] I 
Hiya that ftte^la apoko of W'eUtpd as a pro- 
im»in(f i^niuH whom be patroniat'd aiid 
I- neon raged. 

Welsted ia now beat known llirouch bia 
qiiiim-l with Pow-. Ho wiw joint author of 
the libelloua Hhae Epistle' (1730), wbicih 
L'bnri^d Pope witli oocasioning n ludy'a 
di'utu, Q maLUT ngikin reftTn,--! lu iuW<'l»t(MJ'a 
'Of Hulneas anil Jicaiidid.' Id the 'Ehinctad' 
(ii. 207-10, iii. 160-72) Pops sccusas Wel- 
Kti^l of iwju«i*xing nioiii>-y out of patniiis by 
HedicalionB, Bad asya : 
l-'low, \Vt-]«i«d. 6ow: ]iko ihic* inspircr. bear. 
Though stala, not rip* ; thongh Lbtn, jot nan 

clwir,' 

In thi- ' Prolo^if to thi' Satwn' Pop« 
nttftpk-iWuUtfid under the name nf Pithnlenn 
(H. 19-54), and ipeaU of • Welatod's lie' (1. 
o7r(). In the ' .\rt of Ktnkine in Poetry' 
\\'«Inted is introduce^l as a didapper and as i 
an eel, and bis verso ridiciilod. It must ha ' 
admitted ihiit W'clsteJ'a atlacke on Pope 
and bia fricnd.s could hardly have been more 
virulunt than they oxv. Popt-, with bis 
'rancmred Spirit and malignant wiU,' was, 
he b>aid, 
T.ewil withont last, nod without wit profime t 
Outragcoua aod aifraLd, contiMniied and rain ! 

Pnpe pn'tonded t<i tlunk that WeUtod was 
author of 'Oratory Trniwiictions,' pubtiidn^i 
by 'Orator' Henley under the name of' 
' Webitede.' 

Baialifl Mom'ce, in an ' EpLitle to Mr, 
Welslod' tl7il>, apoalcB of Welsted as a 
'prosperous man,' wboHU 'modish work^' 
suited thu preM:nt Ca:*le, but who might bs 
burii^l in oblivion when sense and leaminM 
obtained iv-nown. Ho wrol« only of lOTe,^] 
sayp .Morri(rt<, in melting lays, or to seek aj 
iioblf'a gntvi and patrona^. Campbell and 
Warlon have found merit in somo of Wel- 
sted'* vtTrrf'.i, and thflre is eTidenoe tbnt 
Thomson and Goldsmith bad read them. 
The < Oikograpbia' is not without interest. 



t_ 




Wdton 



pteaeDted to Uio vi«*nge of Ewt Ui 
kuM-x, wfaeiv k« took up hifl ndilraeP 




Foaur'i Alumni Oioti. 1400- 171 
«d. Rlwin uid Coiitlhnpo; AitkcnV Ijh of 
Sudv; CiMwf'a [.i«cJi of tlio PmcI*. iv. 205: 
(]«Bt. >Lr«. 1788 I. 3-t5. IMS 1. 40.'t; Ringr. 
Dnim. : WhiDeop'i ['mih; KoMv'e Continttmiun 
or Onneor, iif. »UD ; Cole* MSl^. x1*. 33fi ; 
2tk1l0l>'i Lit. An«ni. ix. X2-A; I^ml. Mng. 



WEIiSTED. 



U. A. A. 



[Manoir ia Nichol»'a «lttioii of W«bi«d'a 
Work*. I7B7; '^^'olch'l» Uit of Qat-tv'* ScboUn 

Ht »l.P*Hr'»Collf«o.W«ui.itMler,t>i). IM, 248 ; ; (VoKAirr, H'ut.^f Ef-r.r, 1. n. 1<J>. Weltoo 

1 : ptijVitVi'OTk*. imj etroog Jaciibiii- syaipathics.Bnd rcgsnlel 

'' ~ , ih« vhifT diviBPs an ftimsUtes. About ibe 

close of ITIS beluuls d»w altftn-piMe plACel 

in hii> church at \Vliiteebapel, rppreeeouog; 

tbf 'Lo«t; .Supper.' Ths iinu<t. Jama Fel- 

lowea (^. 171U-l7SO)[q.T.j. w-M •iu*'a««l 

to {Ktitniy Dun)«t in tb« wmblanre of Joilai, 

but, fakriof; the coitMqu(>tic««. he obuiiwd 

«ub«tit ute \\' bite KeoMt: 

~ as a men* 

Prinee 

Jatuev li^wnrd, andt^Iinu bii&Mlf wsa idea- 

Itfli^ hy Aoin^ with Snch^i'eTeU. Ciowdi 

flocked to Kv thv a]tar>pi«o«% unoog tbm 

Mm. Ki-DiK'tt, who ref«)ntiMd berhnriKid 

with indienani aEtonishmmt. K«iuietllMpfc 

proowdinE* in thfr court of the Usbop of 

London, John Itobinaon (1650-1733) \q. *.1, 

and on ^ April 1714 oMainM an oiwr for 

iu nimoral. A prim of the picture is ia 

poMeanion of the bocictv of Antiquariea. 

'VThili! Ann« nifHitnl \\\-tton wa« did- 
ixTvA by tbtt liigbfKurcii aiiJ Jacobite ajra- 
patliie'd'of those in powi-r. but on th(> anea- 
•ion of Oeofge I nn'iuur»n •k-^t* tabm to 



173A), peruusaioo to aub«titute White 1\ 
KW of iq.T.] Tbe atMMtleJobn, dcpi<-t4.>d as 
matri- boy, wftd conridend aiivgularly like 



nOBFUT {1071-1735), 
born in 1671, was tlie 
Lebnartl WvUtud of llmtol. Hv 
onlalod from St. Rdniund Hall, C)xford, on 
4 Dec. 16S7, and wu elected in 1089 to 
a dKUivMhip at Mnffdak-u Oollr^, which be 
held till iftyn. lirudutttinfl; U.A. on :i.'(,Ium' 
I69l,«ti<l .M.A. Oil \-2 May ItJO-l. II*- «■«.* 
Admiltcil an fxtra-liiVnt.iiiti.- of the L^ndno 
ColU'go of I'hTuJKiiKis on 1 1 Uec. Itftlo. IIl' 
waa ihon practising roodicinL- at UmtuI, 
VfUere hw renmim-d nomi- yi-nrn, but.evfn- 
tually mmoving to London, wa^ udmiliMl a 
Ucuntiate on 3 Sept. 1710. Kv wiu>nilniitrMl 
a fBllciw of the Koyal Socit-ty on Hi) March 
1717-18, and died 'at Taviatock Street, J.*)ii- 
dwn, iiii I I'Vb. 17<'i4-G. jion of (.leofge Jl nn-iuurwH ■w>?n» 

lie waa thu author of: 1. *De /Ktate punish him, Thp aiithoritiM remlved t» 
rvrnnt^ Lib«r,' Lundoti. 1724. 8vo. 2. ' D* deprive him by t«idenng lo him thu oath rf 
■dmta .-EtatB LibcT.' Ixtodoii, 17^, Svo. abiuratiun. In 17l'i, whilp hi^ iraa bvm 



3. 'De Mediciina M^Miti* Liber,' Ixindon, 
1720, Hvo. 4. ''IVntamen de variis Ilomi- 
nnm Naturia,' l^otidou, 1730, i^vo. .5, "Tcn- 
tamvii all<>runi <Ui jmipniwN'Aturarum Ilnbi- 
libua,'l<ondon,]7;i^,^rD. IlealBOlrati£lnl4.-d 
' The Worka of l>iony"i<i.* I-iniKiniiH iki tbi* 
Sublime . . . witli M>mt! lieinarki) an the 
linglisb r<tet«,' l^ondoii, 171'.', 8vo; and with 
Uicliard West cdittd I'iiidar (Oxford, 1692, 
fol.) 

[Monlt'o itoval Coll. nf Phya. ii. 32 ; Bloxam'fi 
Scfiatara of Magdalan Cnlliwn, *i. '0; h'cMter'a 
Alumni Oxon. I.S0U-I7H ; Omt, Une. 1736, p. 
107-1 -B-I-C 

WELTON. lilCIIARD (1071 ?-172«), 
noBJiirLiiK iliTint?, Imni nt Knunlinfjlinm in 
Suffollt in 1G71 nr 1(17:?, was rlie mn of 
ThomaJi Wi-lton, a druggist of Woodbridge 
ill the tame county. After otteridiri|^ a 
(icbool ut WooUbriujie for seven yean* hu 
trntftred C«iu.i College, Cambridge, on 
;1 March IGJ-* t*. Hu wax uKkiIl'u lo a 
acIiolamUip in Michai^lmaA lUSK, wliiclt lu' 
lif-ld lill Mirhaelmaa lOf."), praduAlin); B.A. 
in 160I-i', -M.A. in Uiflo, nud IM). iu I70fS. 
In May lljnr> ho wa-t ordained dftncon^on 
90 June IU&7 be was ndmilTcd rector of St. 
Mary'a, Wbitt-cbuiwl (N'EwcorBT, lifpo-t. 
Enck*. i. 7W)t (tod on 13 Sept. 1710 he ww 




abjur 

home, an order w«« served at hia r feiden ot 
requiriDfr him to take the oath withil 
twenty-four houn, and, on hia failure t« 
comply, bo was deprived of bis Ii\ intra. Hf 
Mt up a chapel in on upper room in Good- 
man's Fields within his former pariah c( 
Wbiteclmii*-!, wLi-ik Oil lU XoT. 1717 bemi 
raided by a party uf suldiciy and liia goodi 
(told tn |uiy till- fine for hia oH'cnce. 

In X'i-l li'^ rer«ived epiaoopal convOBtioB 
from Kolph Tnylor, a mmjurini; biahop, and 
within two yoora left The country forN«w 
England. In 17^3 the veatry of ChiiA 
Church. Philadelphia, had reqncelcd tb« bi- 
shop uf I^ndon ti>«end them ft minwter, aal 
on:J7 July 1754, nn appoint menthavinfrbrfB 
mode, ihyy invited \Velton,wby liadatrivsl 
tb»n- a Rioiitb before, to take charge of tba 
church. Ilo entered ai once upoo bia dttfiia 
and secretly ordainwl i-lfrfrx men, exerciaiB|; 
tbf functions and wenring the robes of ■ 
bifhop. Intelligence of hi« dninKa rwachcd 
b^ngltiiid. and a year nnd a half later he wsi 
ord.Ti'd lo return by a writ of privy •»!. 
Ill .lumiiiry l72&-y he ewiborltod for Liibo, 
wbtrt> bi) died in AujTUsl. refusing the eon- 
miimon i>f the Enffliab clcr)(y. He WM 
married and had issue. Wvltoo publifbed 
several ain{(le ai-nu'<;nit, and waa the ftatboT 
of 'Eighteen Sermons, tbo SuhBtaaOi if 



Welvvitsch 



^43 



Welwitsch 



Chiiitiaii F*ilh«nd Practice,' London, K24, 1 
6vo, with a portrait prvfixed. 

[Applcion'a Cyclop, of Anurioan Bivrr. ;' 
NoiM and Queries, Itb aer. ri. 76 ; Maleafm'B 
Lonilintum BcdiTirum. 1807, iT. 446; Wnn'i 
IlioKT' Iliat. of GoatiUft and Oaius Uolt«g», 
1897.1. Wt : ljub\my'B HiK.of ttaa Mvnjunrs, 
1B45, pp. *J63, 268-7 ; Noble'a CoatinnAlion of 
Onapr'a itiogr. Hiat. 18013, hi. 15] ; KichoUV 
Lit. Ati««d. 1. 397. Tiii. 360: NichoUV Lit. 
Illaatr. ir. 421 : Tlnwki'n Conmbiilion!> t 'h. 
KmI«<. ] lift, of th« L'nil«d .Sl>U*. l.S: < n 
163 ; titv ftiid Time* ut Eirttluw«ll, ini. Curier, . 
1S95, p. 2M : Vff\Uin'a Chnreh OrRnmcnt with* 
out Idolairj: viEiilicaUdinKa«nn(ui,1714; Wal- 
ton'a Cluntj'a To&n; Honrd'a Judaa B«iliTlrtu, 
171A ; Bolnnion againsl Weltnn ; WelUin'a 
Choreli diktiaKuiidioil from a CoavenLide ; The 
Coare«ucI« dixtiui-uiabed fniin ibe ChuTcb, in 
auvatlQ Dr. WaltoD. l.tS; Tb<t Oua of not 
takinp tlta Oatlia, 1717: Tho NiH^jitror Ud- 
BUtlril. 1718. A rolloction of conumpotwy 
mnphlau und nairs-ahcats relating to ttaa 
Whiteehapcl allocpiwc ia in the Brltiah Hn- 
MWilibrwi7(UI8.k34).) £. I. C. 

WBLWTT80H, FRTEDRICII MAR- 
TIN JUSEK (l«07-lH7:il, botaai«t, was i 
bom at. MBJ-iii.-.Sii&l, ae&r Klagenfurt, CAiin- I 
thui. on r> l*'eb. 1807, being onu of tb« IftFgu 
family of a wi^U-to-do farmer and aurveyor. i 
WliLlt! at Hcbool L« wu imcnum^fKl by his 
fatlitrr in thtr nludy of botany, nml wlu>n 
aent to ibt^ univitnity of Vitmna witli a vifw 
to tba legal pruriieeioD, be was &n devoted to I 
tbe Htudy ornnturaJ biNtnry as to makv no 
progTBifl in Lbfl aliidy of the law. IVin fnthiir 
tbemipon witbdrcw hin nllownnce; but 
W«hnl«c]i wn>port«d liimMdr by i^-ritinj? 
iliainatic criticiams, and enteivd Ibe inedical 
fitcnlty of tfaL^ uQtvfirsity. In 1834 he f^oincd 
■ prinotlered by the mayor of Vienna by j 
hia • B«itrik^ lur crj-ptoffsmischen Flora i 
UntDr-OoatcrruicLs,' and liis appuliitm<_'nt ' 
■bout the aanii- time to n^pori on ilic rh(diTii 
in Carinlbia reconnk-d nia father to bis 
Dpw profaMion. AIVt t rnvidtinj; n-i tiKnr 
to a nnbleraan, he retiiniod to Vienna, and 
graduate M.D. in LK-W, Lis thesis bein^ a 
' Synopsia Knstochinearnai Aiwtriw infi^ 
rioria.' He spent mwcb nf hia time in thv 
botanical i»uaeum at Vienna, and bcc^aiitc 
inlimnt« villi J<\-nzl and other botanistv ; 
and when, in 1830, an aci of youthful iudia- 
crotioa nindurL-d it (^xpi'dlunt for him to 
leair« Auatria, h« ticcpi'rd a commiMiion 
from tbe I'nio Itinernria of Wurt,emberg to 
colloct the planCa of the AioniQaDd Capt- de 
VerdA Ldands, and with thin object came to 
Kneland, wheooe he sailed to Lisbon. Uo 
tesmt E'ortiupMM in six weoki, and, becom- 
ing attacbea to Portugal, never Icll that 
country till 1853, azc«pt for abort Tiaite to 



Paris and London. Durinff these yean h4* 
had cbarre of the botanical gardena at Lis- 
bon ud Coimbrs, amd of those of tfa« Dnke 
of I'almella at Cintra, Alemtejo, and elao-^ 
wh««. He oxplortd nioet of rortufptli' 
fonnin^ahcrbuiuuiuf iiiiivlbou4anda]>e 
fully repreaent«d by apccimona in ail St 
uf growth, with dmfcriplivv uutvs and syaOf] 
nymy, sendiiiK t?Ievi>u tboiukand apecime 
to the IJnio Itiiii-rariu, and depositing ub 
-111 ill ihi! ■cndMmii.-Jt of l.iaboi.i 'ind Parts. 1| 
i'^tl Welwitftcb bad a tbrwdayH* exnumion.' 
to tb« Vulle de 'Aehro witli Robert Btx>wn 
tl773-18.W) [n. v.): and in \M7 and 1848 
vith Count l>eacayrac he explored the 
•onthi-rn province of Al^arvc, then little 
known co botani»t«. Uolweuo 1817 and 
18o:j he added 250 speciea of the lar^ 
fungi to thoM fmiLmcrattMl in Brot«ro's 
' I'lora * from tb« neigh bourh(K>d nf Liiibon, 
irhile in his Eeal for alps' (of whith in 1800 
hv piiblightKl a liot in the wKond vulunui 
nf the ' Actad ' of the Lisbon .\cadpmy) ha 
Epeot hours day after day up to his wai«t id 
water. In t8fil ht. in-nt twclvt? thonnand 
specimens of Doweriuffplf^'t'S and six thou- 
sand ciTptogams to England for sale; and, 
whilvthe f^inn aud mouea oollectad l^ him 
were described by Miles Joseph Berkeley and 
Mr. Mitten in 18-^i, hia own lual conlribu- 
tion Co Acieuce was a paper in ibti ' Journal 
of Botanv' for 1872. dealing with the 
moBsoa DJ^Portusal. Ilo olau studied and 
iioUi-ctftd molluiiltJt and iti»w;tjt, K8pecially 
<'oli:opu-ra and I lymeuoptera, and in lfi.l4 
WHO one of tin- fiiiindorBof the Horticultural 
Society of Linbon. In l!*r>l Welwitacb wua 
engojfed to preporB the Portuguese ooUm^ 
tioHA for the On-At Exhibition, sad aooom- 
panied them to Lnndon, where be took 
coimael with Robert Brawn and otben as to 
the exploration of Portuguose Wast A&iea, 
for which he had been cluMetiby the gorem- 
munt of his adopted countTy, He started 
friim Lialmn ou tiiia .■<«-vpn yt-unt' jouniey in 
August 18ri3, visited Maaeira. the Cape 
Vofdr KluriiN Rin! Freetown, Sierra Leone, 
where ht> npfliit nine day.^ in makinj^ his first. 
acq^uainlAiiee tvith tropical vegetation, and 
reftchtnl l-fw»ndn in tJcCnber. Nearly a year 
was devoted to tlie exploration of the coa^ 
Bone from the mouth of the tjutxwmbo, 
S^l-V 3. lat., to tbdiof thuCaanztt, 9'^20'S. 
Hh had been gi\6a 270/, for bia ncientilic 
outfitand voynf^.and was paid 4'>/.amonth; 
hut Audin^ that iHwrt-n* and otlier expenses 
of his flxcureions far exceeded this allow- 
ance, be sent Inr^ collections of insects, 
ae^da, lirin|; plants, and dried ttpccimcna u» 
England for naiii. In September 1801 Wel- 
witach aaceadcd the rirer Beogo to Sange 

b2 



Welwitsch 



244 



Welwitsch 



I 



in Qolungo Alto, ISA nilM from the coast, 
l^ltera bfl met Lirhigfllatie, living witL him 
■Dmc tims, anil remaining ia (his dislriei nf 
^lAenM jun^U in all sAmc two Tears, during 
wliicli be auOVrv.-i,! much frum furi.T, Hcurrr, 
uul ulcwTfttHiL h-^n. In Ifl-Stl he. tnvulUvl 
■Ottth-veitward to Punuro Aodongo in the 
IVeeidio du I'chItm Niera*, mo nttlrd from 
the gneUiie rooks three hiindral to tix hun- 
dred feet higfi which »n annually blackened 
after tho niay Keasrm by the downward 
sprwd of a QlamentouH alga frotn poodfi oo 
tD«ir lummits. AfV^rr fight months explora- 
tion from ihijt ctiiLrc bu nituniedio Loanda, 
having in the courwof tbren vears explored 
II iriaofi^uhir &rvn with 120 chiIm of i.'ouflt aa 
its Imm, and il* ajmx at Qi]i«ond« on thv 
Cu&nxa, and rolWiod ar«r S,200 spedea of 
plants, lit} ihfti dri-nr up n smnmary of liis 
msulu und[-r tbn title of ' ApontAmenrns 

Jbyto-iren^aphicoa sobre a flora da prorincia 
c Anfo^la,' which waa published at LiHbon 
in 19'>d in the ' Annaes do Couaelho l.'ltnt- 
Toarino.' In this work Iil< dividra Angola 
into tliruu botanical n.-gioEi«, vix. tb<! coftst, 
up to an altitude of n ihousiind fcet ; the 
mountain woodland, rroni \,(XI0lni,nOQ teel ; 
iitid till- biKhlanil, above iJ.fiOO f«"l. In Snp- 
tambor lA'iBhor.oofa a trlploLibonfro, to the 
north of Lonmln, mid in .lumi lnr>9 wi-nl to 
B«ngii<^lU and thonco by sea to Mos-iamt^ea. 
Qerii the matrriLficattt clinatG did much to 
rmnTi|{oral« liim, and Im found a flora near 
the cooirt mom like that of Cape Colony ; 
thoii|{h only a mik' inland it was more purely 
tropioal. A« he appronchud Capo Negro in 
Ut. 1^''4"' i^. the coast rose ns a plateau of 
tufitfooua limcatone, covrrcd with sandstone 
shingle, thr«6 hundred or four hundred foM 
high and nix miles acro«s, and it was here 
thai Wulwitsch diMOVvrud that rumarkabli} 
plant Turn boa llnineftii, commonly known mt 
Wvlwit^chiiLminihilifi. 'TbvKuiisatiunsoftbe 
entliiiHiiuiI ic cli>covfiri>r, wlii-n hn firrtl n-nlisiiid 
tbt- extraonlinary character of the plant be 
had found, wen.', an lin hiw snid, so over- 
whelming that hfi could do nothing bnt 
kneel down on the burning soil and gate at 
it, half in fi^ar Ir^tt a touch should pmrc it a 
figment oT the imagination' (Hikkk, Cata- 
Imiu of tAe .1/riran Plants tvtJJ^'tr'l Ay H''. 
^etmitfoA, pt. i. p. \iii>. Welwilsoli col- 
locted more than twotbouAnnd specimeni) in 
Benguella; but u natiro war stopped his 
work, finewii Ihouiisnd Moijiinim ntmcking , 
tha colony of Lapollo in Huillu, where he I 
thvii WNH, and blockading it for I wo montbii. i 
After this WpIIwitHrh returned to Mosaa- 
medea and Loandu, nud thenc, in Jnnnary 
Ififil, to l,iahnn, bringing with him what 
was undoubtedly tho beat and moat exten- 




nve herbarium ever colI«et«d ia tnfii 
Afrioa (Ibms, op. cit. pi. xivX II« « 
placed on IVtrtogiMm goremment coa- 
mitt««s for the inprorc m«nt of oottoa culti- 
vation in Angola and for the collecting of 
the products of Portuffuove colonies for tte 
L/>nduu International Kxhibirion of JBOt; 
in connuctioo witli which be puUtdied two 
of his more impotbut indepeBdent worka. 
Finding it neceasaty to compare bia cped- 
meiLR, a very largv proportion of which wrra 
new to wience, with tho«« in English ool- 
Icctions, be otltohwd permiaaion fnsm ths 
I*orluga«M goTemnent in 1863 to brii^ 
his collections, which an «stiauted to hare 
compriMKl fire thousand apeeies of plants 
and tbriTK thouaand spraee of iuseels, to 
Kngland : and to the ta^k of Mudyiog aiid 
arranging them he devoted the rrmatning 
nine yearii of hia life. In connection with tt 
ho maintained an e.\tensiTe oorruepondBieo 
with many of tho leading spedaliata awDU 
thu naturalists of Europe, and reeeivM 
lionoiimblo recognition from many li-amed 
Kocieiie^: but tlie Portuguese govemuoit 
became impatient with hia rat* of unwiaw. 
and nltimately, in IBM, Bumeooed hb 
salarv of 21. a day. Welwil«n, howew. 
worked on in Ijondnn.nnyitig out of hia ova 
metin* the »xpt'n«»]> of varioos publicatWQS 
Upon which he had emturked. 

He died in London on 30 Oct. 1873, and 
Wtw biiHiHl in Kcnsnl lir^en cemetery, nRlU 
described on hiii tomb na ' RotAnicuaeximitUL 
flono An^olensis inveat igatoruiu princepi.' 
Ry hi^ vi\], dat^ tht«c days before Vii 
death. Welwitsch directed that the stndj 
act of his African plants shouhl bit otrprnl 
the British Muwum for purchaE«. The V* 
tiigueac goremment, however, claimMl t 
whole of the L-olloctious, a daiin which wat 
resisted by the expcuton. T)ie resulting 
cbaaoery suit, the King of Portugal vetsai 
Carnilhrra and Jnatrn, wBi>«?TentualIv com- 
promised, the study laet being rctuiited to 
Iitshon, and the miiaeum receiving the DOSt 
beat Ht'C with a ropy of the explanatory 
notes and descriptions made by VSclwitscb. 
A CAlnloguo of the collection la in coursa of 
publiiaiion by the truiitees of tho musean, 
the Hrst part, edited by Mr. Willuim Philip 
Kivrn, huvinfr upprurcd in lft06. It con- 
laiuA mi i-ni^ait^d [lortrnit, biography, and 
full bihliogrnpliy not only of Welwilach** 
own work, but nUoof that of others relating 
to bis rolleclions. In the preface to the 
first volume of the ' Flora of Tropical Africa' 
i 1868), the editor. Dr. I>aniel Oliver, writM: 
* For our ranterial from Lower Guinea, we 
arc almost wholly indebted to the courtesy 
ofI>r. Priedrich"\VeIwil*d». . . , Without 



i 




Welwood 



»4S 



Welwood 



the •ooeM to Dr. 'Welwitseh's herbarium, 
tbi« rwioit would haw iwnti coupnmtively 
a blutk in the prt-sent work.' Mr James 
ColliiUi in liis ' lloport ou ihu CuoutchuuL' uf 
Coininer«!*(l873),My»: 'T(. Dr.Welwiladi 
. . . bulonga the credit of first ideulifvini; 
Ihe pl«nti« j'it'liling Afrifrtn cnoutflioiic. 

Of W«lwitAcli» many pujhTH ihi^ mnre 
iniportiotwerp the ' Apoiilaiuentos,'alr«ii1y 
rewTTpd to, and lli« ' Sortum Angolcrue ' in 
the ' TransfLCtiDas of iht> Liniu-nn Society ' 
(vol. xxTiL 186fl'). Of tuparatv publications 
there «r« few, th'- 'Synopsis > ot-lochinL-a- 
mm,* Vienna, lH'Jti; *'Th«! rultivaiiou of 
Cotcoii in Ani^olii,' tmn^1at«(l by A. H. 
Saraiva, Ijoridnu, lS(i:^; and * Sytiopxi.' ifx- 
plicativa due amostrsa do ntodeiraa <> dro|^ 
. . . rolli/iduK na pruvmrin (K> Angola wii- 
TiadoB a t^^nnsi^Ao intcmacionnl dc I^ndres,' 
Lisbon, 1^0-', being the chief. 

[CataUi^DB of the Afric^in HuoU ooHectHl by 
Dr. Wolwiucb. pt. i. I8U6.] G. S. tt. 

WELWOOD. fSee alao AVbllwwb.} 

WELWOOD, ALEXANDER MACO- 

NiH.HlK-.l,f.nDME*DowinxK(tJ'"~-lWJl). 
[See MACoyociiii;.] 

WELWOOD or WELWOD, WIL- 
LTAM (Jl. 15;ft-16±;), eiifcpsflivfly pro- 
f*Mor of tiiatlixmaties and of law at St. 
Andrews Uuivrniitv, Inirn in Scotland, whs 
probablya native of Si, Ainlrew8,wh«r«> many 
of hill kindred tlwi']l. lie wa* h master 
of the New Collei^e a* (iarl y o-^ Ifi'S. Whil<- 
occiipyinf; theoe iionts he interested himsi^lf 
in I'-xpi^rimenti*, omwiiy water from w^lla 
or low ground. In *tiidyin^ lUift siibjii:) 
he made an independent discovery of tbt- 
principle of llie Mphon. On 13 Nov. 157" hir | 
and John (ieddy received a pnc«-nt for their 
uivenliou under ibu privy seni, and in ll't'^'2 
he publt.ihcd a ijunrto <if nix Iciur>> fnliU»d 

* Gulli^-lmi Velvod de Aqua in ulimu jut Kis- 
tulna pliiinlit-ati fiu-ili- fX|iritDt<ndii Apologia 
demo nst rati iia, Kdinbur^i. Apud Alirxand- ' 
rum .VrbiithnetUTn, 'rvponraphnin re|r'»iu,'in 
which he expoundod hit mt-tbrxl. It con- 
■iat«d in connecting with a well a k-uden 
pipe bent into a siplion, ami extended on th« 
exterior »o as to discliargu thowadrata 
point below the orifice crjiHiung into ihi- well. 
Clfisiri)^ both endi^ oftLe pipe, ha filled them 
with water froni an nperlurvin theHpi'er|K)int 
oftheuphon, and then cln<^in^ this with f^r^al 
«xarln«Mi, and up>'ninK huth ends, he moin- 
tained that water would conlinno to t^ow 
firom the well until it was e.\h&uiited. UaA- 
injT his th^nrv, liowcvrr. on the principle I hat 

* nature abhors a vacuum,' he was ignorant 
that the rise of the water in the |npe ia 



! cau^vd by th« external jiresflura of the atmo- 
sphere, and, in illustiating hit theory, nup- 
Kaed bis well might be fortj-fivfi cubilsdeep. 
e&xvd to liis book are some verets to 
Andrew Melrille [q. v.] A aniqoe er>py of 
the work is in the library uf Lhti university 
of Kdinburgh. 

About 16&U Welwood and \S'il]iani Skene. 
Ih>; iinifpwKir of law, ware removt^J from 
the New CoIIp^ to that of St. Satvaior. 
Their admieaion was opposed br the master* 
of St. Sa1vat'ir0,who alle^e^l tuat the fund* 
of the college were inadequate for suoh an 
ndditiona] burden, and that the new pro- 
fi'MoryhtpswcmquittTSUperfluou?. Uii3-*JuIr 
168H lb« cliancellor and other ((flirrittl* of th« 
uiiivt^mitv preaonti'd a supjdication agiiinfit 
WflwDou, Miying' ihat h<i ' lia-s i-in|>l(>ytHl n<> 
diligence in that profesaion of mathematik 
this yeir,' and * tliut thv coUtigii is super- 
exp«ndit.' 

This opposition was ohie6y occasioned by 
I Welwood t strong sympathy with the ref cnl, 
Andrew Melville, and by bis ^endship 
I with many of the most eminent reformings 
divinea. When Mrolvilk- was summoned to 
, appear before th<< privy council on the cUurge 
' of prunchinj; a seditions Hermoii in Juiiunry 
l<'J8:i-4, Welwood signed the univi-nity 
teetimoniftl in hia favour. About U)^7 he 
vxchangwi the mslh^ntttticnl for thn juri- 
dtcal cliair, Muccredincf John Arthur, thai 
brother-in-kw of I'atnck Adameon [<j. v.j, 
nrrhliii'lKii) of St. Andrpws, who had b«ei 
removed Irom the prnfe^onihi[i. In cc 
i]nence be incurred the enmity of the arch- 
hishopV party, and in lo80 a determined 
atifm|it to ataaasiiiate him was made by 
Ilendrie Hamilton, a n-tainer of AdamsDu'a, 
who B>'»aulted luid woimdud lum in the 
High Street of ihe city. .-V tnmult fot- 
lowtid, ill which James AKhur, brothur of 
till' tr.v-profr tutor, lo*t hiw life, and in conse- 
quence Welwood's brother John was seu- 
l.'iiced to b«iii»hment (JuMT-t Melth.!^ 
lUnrtj. \S'oiln)w Soc. pp. 27:^-11). 

Ill l&^K) ^^'elwood published hin trealiao 
on 'Tint Sl'a Iaw of Scolifttid. Shortly 
galhered and plainly dre*»ii for the reddy 
vse of all ScafairinK men. Imprinted br 
Kobtrt Waldcffrauc,' l^dinburgh, Hvo, wliicii 
Is auid to be the t*jirliei>t work on the subject 
publitthEMl in Ilrilain. A copy ia in ihu uni- 
versilv library at t^m bridge. TbiH waa 
followed in 15DI bv a short treatise entitled 
'Jvris Divini Jrdnorvm ac Jvrii« Civilis 
HoniAiiorvm raralleln,' l.eydf>n. 4to, a clear 
sketch of the points of resembUnce bet ween 
the Jewish and Komnn odcH, intorcDting aa 
an early wiidy In comparutive jurisprudence. 
In the same year he publishecl another legal 




tnMiM rnlill«d ' Ad eTpMltMidcM Pro- 
ooRBTii in Jvdicits eroIefliAMirU Appendix 
IViralMorum Jum Diuini Jlumftniquv,' 
Io.-v<len, 4io, ileiluiiTM to Dftvid BUck and 
lJntM»rl W»ll, ininifltera at St. AtHlniW«, io 
which ho 4liMinKtitsh«d bHw^en fomiH xuu-4 
IR civil coiirlA ami tboatr which uufHit (o )w 
used in mfttt.i>n of <>ccleuBAti<^al juriiuliciian. 
Io Uiy he ili-dicatL-d lu John Kt>ntiedv, iiflb 
MUtof ('ftS»iUi<< 'q. T.], a llnnl trvjitiiu't, pitli>- 
Uabed al ^liildLiliur^, KnCitled'An domao- 
dftrvm ]*<*rIvrlMti(inTm ex »olo Dfi rerbo 
qtuuii truiacripti rnnRtrvctii.' TIkoi^Ii iIhim 
works vrerv piLblished in the Nelherlaads, 
the d#dirati<>n lo CtiMiI1i« is rUtt-d from 8t. 
Andrewfl. W'elwood probably remaini-d iu 
Scotland while printing hia books od th« 
continont to avoid tliu nutitiu of the prtv; 
couDciU 

His views concerning ecclwiiastiral pro- 
ngfttivUi httwnvor, wrtm ti>ij pmimuHcnu to 
MMpe nolir^, and in l/>07 he war rBmovod 
{turn liis imtfi'wjxin'liip by ths royul visiinn^ 
nn lh'> alli^fiAtinn thiit. 'tiR had trnriimnr.'«wd 
till? Coiindiit ion in aundry points.' The visitors 
thfin ])rofi>fd.\1 to declare 'that the profes- 
sion of the laws is no ways necessary at this 
timi' in 1bi» iiniv<.-i>ity.' and Hiipptv&sed tho 
olaM altogfihvr. In liiOO ihv king, mit of 
bis ' frie favour niid clemency, dMemed Sir, 
Wm. Walwood to bu rom>BM«s»d in tho 
Uwyer'a pli-ct? and pnjfi.'w^iouH iu ihu uuld 
cDllcji!« of Kanctanaroiis, upon Ins KivinK 
aulFieiviit bond niid suciiriiv for his diiliful 
behaviour.' WcJwcxid diJ not, Uowfvor, 
r^civv f.-stilutiQU ut thai dalij. and it is 
doubMuI wlxntbrr In- wjw i-vnr n'|diirnl. 

About the bt'griniiin^ of 1013 Wf>lwo<id 
was in lj«*ndnn, whenoi:' !ie wrot'' Io Andrew 
Melville, Ihpn at Spdan, informing him of 
tho doslti of Prince Henry. In that year 
he published a Mttoond mannnE nf ranritinic 
law, pTitilled 'An Abridji»^tii<'nt of aH S^a- 
Lawps' (London. 4to), in wbicb ht coni- 
iar«d the traditionnl codi"* of (HOron and 
Wisby with tho principlps of the IComan 
ctTil eoJe. 'I'hi? work wus dudiiMitud Io 
Jamn I. Another edition nppt-aivd in 1 0% 
(Liondou, 8vo), and it was reprinted in ]68<(, 
witliout the aiitlinr'i" nHinf, in iia Kdilimi 
of tho ' Consnetudo rel Merra'oris I<ex ' of 
Oerord df Miilvnrx. In .Iiinmiry lfl|A-](J he 
republiwhed n Latin version in quarto nt the 
imrt rtlntiiip to the ijuention of mnrilime wi- 

Jremacy under ibi* lillc ■ Do l/ominio Maris 
uril}u«(|ue ad Dominium prwcipne spec- 
tamiijus Ag^erlio brrvis ei mrilioHiM,' in 
which he uph'dd the English pnitensions to 
supremacy in tin? nnrrowscos. Anorbcredi- 
'ion wtM publi)ih(,-d niThe Ila^ue in ItJW, and 
"'*•'' from Uirk GmswinkHt, a native of 



Wod- 

1 



Ilollaad, the reply *H*ria liberi Vt 
adTiTtiuO. Wriwodutn Rntannici marittm 
Dominii A«sertor«m,' Xh*- llii)fu<.-. I'iuS, iUt. 

\Vclwoo<Vs latest extent work appeared 
in lli:^. It was cntitk'd * Dubiorum qoc 
t«nt in foro iioli qnam in Torn fori occumm 
[sicj soluDt, mois expfditio,' London, 8v«, 

[W«JwQOirB Works: HcCrie'a JMm of Aadnv 
Mulrille. 18H: Diary of James MtJrill (Wod- 
ruw Blic), pp. 273-a; Dickson ttai Kdm 
Anmla of iilcoltish Pnotil^ 18»0. } K. L 

WEMY88. DAVID, thinl Esxl 
Wbiixk (1876-17:20). Upttoed oa £0 A; 
1678, was th« aon of 6ir Jatnes Wemyia 
Caflkiebi'rry, who was CTT*Ud k life Mer U 
Lord Burntisland, and died in I6^& faie 
undt-T \\ B«V«s, Jmns, 1B10*-I(i671. l!i» 
mother waa Marcaret, couatcftM of ^S'vavm 
(m&9-1705), only surviving dauftblrr'of 
David Wenyw, »uc4)nd varl lU AVvmyva (sec 
below). The family wax in posmwion of 
lliB laDda of \>'emvsB, FUeehiie, ori^nallT 
|mrt of ihii estittH o^ Muciluff, in tfan twellu 
century. InlihM)?iir-Mich«eld«> W<ftoywwss 
inrliidiil in tb« embassy to bring MargaWi 
t]i4>.MaidofNorwaT,toScotUnd; andunOO); 
other notable memben of the family wvrv At 
David, who 8t|i^>d th« t«ttrr to iht- [rine in 
ISlMasBertins: the iodeuendcnct; of^coluutd: 
Sir John, who sft»i§t(.-d in repulsing aii bI- 
tetD^t of the EngtiUi to Land in Fifo in i-'Ai. 
and in 1C08 joined the afwciaii'^n in support 
of Qucon Mary aft«T her escape from Loch- 
levenj and SirJoLn.cn-ated a baronet of >'ori 
Scolia, with Uie grant of Xitw Wcm^-w to 
thai provinCQ, 29 Mav \ii-2o. created' Lprd 
Wetnysa of KIcho I April lttL>^l, Bud Rarl nf 
Wcmysg. Lord Klcho and Methil 2->Juw 
I03>% aud itppointpfl in ItVtl bigh commis* 
flionEir to the general a&iemhly which met 
Kdinbiir);li on I'S .Inly ; he died on 22 N 
1819. Hii> only Ron, the f^ndfathcr of 
third earl, 

D.iTinWBiiTiw,at'CondEAnL(l(tlCH67 
while Lord Klcho, commaudi.-d « ngi 
of l'ifi;T>birc infantry in the Scotn campaii^ 
of .\iiu:im UilO; ill 104J at the head of 
obont six tbouMind men be was routed by 
MonlrusL- al Tippi'rmuir (1 S«pi.), and in 
Aukhm itMxt veor bewax on I he covenant iajf 
committee wlio made the blunder of (tiring 
IihILIh to Monlrose at Kilsyth, and 
detarhtnent was one of the' first to t, 
fii(r1it (Oakdixkk, Ciril tt'ar, iu 297 1. 
diedatWeiiiyiwfiisIlc in July l({79,l«avi 
issue one daughter, the third earl'a mat 
Hi> did much to develop tbtt mineral r^ 
Bourcu's of the Wemysa estatea, and boih 
till- biirbour of .Methil, which fora \<mf peiiod 
was one of the hoM tm the Fife coaM. 

The third Kiirl of >\'<rmy>«, in niirrmwim 





(o bis motlier, daughter of the aocond mrl, 
took Uio 0«t1)i( anti )ii« tvM in p«rtinni>nit 
on ^H Jun<! 170i>, aiu) wim the Hiune year 
cboaen a privy councillor mid nam«d one 
of the commiwiotiiTK for tin; tr^-nl y of union 
with lCi>f;Und. Afd^r tim union lie wu, 
13 Feb. I70r. chos«n one of tli« sixteen 
ntpruMMilBtue ^cottiiih pwrs. In I'W hv 
had been (im>ointed Ui^U Hdiuiml of Scollfind, 
aod Lbi« oincti liuviui; bfcu sboliskod ut ituj 
iininn,1ic n-iu ibcit i-onslitiiK-d rtCL-ftdiniru] 
of Scotland, and nominated one of lh(! 
council (if Princw C>f<i»){B of PenmnTk, liijth 
ftdminl of Greet Britain. At tlic frWtion 
of 1708 he was again rboseii a r«'preseiitativt> 
wet. He died on !■> Mnrcb 17:^. Hois 
described by Mnclty ai> ' u tint* personage and 
»ery beautiful,' and Macfcy further enrdiOi 
hiui with having 'good tviiati' nnd being *a 
uiati of biuiour' i M^mwrt, u. 250). 

Bv hi» tint wifi', Anna, i-ldoet daughter of 
William lloiigluii, lirat duktt of Qutia-nRbmry, 
WemrM hnd two nnna — David, lord Klclin, 
vrbo <li«d on IB l>ei.'. I71'>; nndJamMiwho 
oaceeeded m fourth Far) of Wooivm, nnd 
was father of David Wemvfu, lorii KIclto 
fq. T.] The counttM di«l on -Jli l-Vb. i7W. 
By hw •ocond wifu. Miirj-, «ld<T dnuk'hun' 
and cobiiireM of Hit John Hobinoon of t'nrni- 
ing Woods, XDrtbsni[iC'Mi)>hirt>, thi- Earl of 
\\ fuiyH hiid iio iMue : but liy bis (bird wiff, 
Klinftbetli, fourth daufflit tr of Henry, sevijntli 
Liord i?inclikir, Lc hud twuduuifhturs— EUhq- 
Wtb, miirriwl to WilUiun, eurl iif Sutbi;r- 
laod: and Margaret, to Jumttii. ninth earl of 
Jdoray. 

(Frascr'nSilMnorinls of thu Family of Wcmyw, 
18t(tt; Mncky'i Maninira; I>oinglnVs Scottiili 
P»«ni(to (WcJoO). ii. 622-3; FwtUr'n Pwrnpu, 
]3an»B^, and KnighiJign.] T. P. H. 

WBMYS8, nAVIIl, I.mtn I-:m:ho(]7'2I- 
1787), horn on 30 July 1721, wna tliw iddosl 
eon of James, fourth earl of U'emyM (ItiUif- 
176fi), -who married, on 4 Ocl. I7'2li. Jatiot, 
unly datiffliier and beiri'M of t.bi) iiotoriouH 
Colonel Fmncis Cliarteris [q. v.] of Atnis- 
field. In 1744 David arrived in Scotlsnd 
from Kraijci", and, afler conducting varioim 
negotiatiuna on babatf of the JacobitM in 
conjunction with MiiiTJiy of Hrtmjjlitnn, set 
fiail with hitn for FlandiTs. Thf A/ime y«ir 
they anaio. however, B«t out for Lntiland, 
and, after holding aovmil tnr^tin^s with Ibrr 
Jacobile» in London, ptfrfucled a achtimo for 
a Jncobite club (MrRRAY cip IJnoru iiToy, 
Diary, y. 114). Altliou^'h nppcw'} to thi* 
«nt«rpriae of I'rinc*' (."liarlie in I74"i, he 
joinea the prince on 10 S>-pt., just as he 
waa nraring Kdinburgh, and htf was cboMn 
of hia council nfter the orciipatipn 




of UolynKKl. After Prestonpans he also 
exerted himself to nii«e and orgnniee a 
troop of lifeguards, conoiMiiig of about a 
hundred gentlemen of goiid family, and h« 
OOumanaBd this troop during all tho nv 
tnainder of thu c^iinpai(;n until the di-ri.%t at 
Culloden. He accotoptiniod the prince in 
hi» llijB;hi from that fatal Kuld, uud Etrtiagly 
protested Againxt bia det(>riniiiAlion ni^nu- 
whih- lo di»Poniinuc> uU further eBurta to 
rally IiIh ftilli>w<-n. Nincv, inoT«or«r, lie was 
a strong sympnthberirith Lord HRorge Mur- 
mv b« rrmnined henceforth on bsd lennit 
wilh th« prince, whom hf eontinutsJ to dun 
in vnio for repayment of the moni-y he liad 
lent him in aid of hi» unforlunate e\pedi- 
tioQ. 

Having been attainted for hia coniiectiou 
wilh this rcU'IIion, Klcho continued Lo re- 
main abroiid, iiti<l did not, on ihi) death of 
his father in 17i'>6, aucci^'jd either to thees- 
tatea or the titltv. Itya fijin'jal urrnngemrat 
JamM, the third son of the fourth earl, 
sucvvnih*!] lo thv cetstes, and the lilly re- 
mained dormant until tlie death of I^ord 
KIcbo n1 Paris, nniuBrried, an L'9 April 1787, 
wbi-n it horamc vc*1^'d in Francis (I72S- 
1W)(*), the second eon, who had aucc4>edod 
to tlu- i'ltutfs und fidoptvd the name of hlH 
maternal graiidfaclit'r, Colonel (.'hnrtorie. 
ICIobo left a tiarralivD of the rt>bi*11ion, pre- 
M;r%t'd at Weniyss Castle, which, altiiough 
never printed in ftill, has boen mudi! use 
of by lOwold in his life of Prince Charlie, 
aad by ollit-r hlsCoriaui- of the rx^beUion. A 
portrait of Kicho is iit WnnyM (Jiuttle. 

I Forbo's J;if<il,iln Mrmnim nf thn KatirUion. 
1745; Mutniy iff Uruujiliiivii't Diary, pohlishod 
by the Hontltah History Sfwicty. 18«S ; Siiinrt 
I^lpe^a; Chambers '■ liiaL of Rrl«IIinn: P^wald's 
Lite of Priaca Charlte i tj|iix> Pickio lti« Spy. 
1697: ItiiMmrv of I'rinca OhiirleH l-Mward 
Stoarl. I>y W. II. ltUc.-ki<' (SL-uiti*li lli>tory 
Sociflty), I8f}7: l<'ru*er'BU«ai'jrifilNo(lhe I'aoiily 
of WvmTs*. 18^8: Dougbia'a tjcoitiah ]'< 
«1, Wood, ii. G'a] T. F. H. 

WEMYSfi. IlAVII) norOLAS (1700- 
18?W), g^rnural, bum in l"tJO, went by the 
name nf DouglnM until nhniit I7!H), when he 
loolt ih"- additional nanm of Wemy«. to the 
noble family of which name he belonged.ii 
He received a commi.-ision as ensign in thflT 
4yth foot on l'7 April 1777, nnd joiiiod bis 
mgiinL'nt in thi; same year in North cVmertCft, 
whun^ he took part withitiint underGenvral 
Howe, and then under Sir Henry I'linlon, 
in the opL-ratioiifl t>f the AmericAn war. In 
November 177fl lifi nnilM with bis regiment 
from Xew York in the expedition under 
Admiral llolham and .Major-wnera! tirant 
to llus Wpjil Imlicd. Ho look part in th« 



Ckpniric of St. Lttoin on IS Dec, anil in the 
deletice of tlio V'ij^e iigutiKt llu' Fmicli 
under P^lAing oh tlta ir<th. He wn^ also 
in tlie naval enffn^mvnt off tbe i&laud of 
OtenAdA on 6 July 1779, and wam promoted 
to be liflutenant on IS Au^. followmg. He 
returned to Kngtand in 1781. 

Wcmyfw WILD nromutod to Ik- captain on 
81 May 17S3, andsihortly after, on reduction 
of bin rei^menl, whk ]>luc('d on half-uny. 
Hw wiu brouglit inlo tlu' 'trd foot ('The 
Itufffi') on ft June 17^, joininir 'be bead 
(luartent at Jiitntticft. l(v wits (>bIig«^-<) hr ill- 
Leiillli torn-turn hnmein 1789. On \n\i«.T\~ii 
1791 be was promoted to be omior in the 
STtli foot. In ITDS be wned witTi hm n'gi- 
iBWit undiT the l>ulie of York in tbo C4iui- 
p«igii in Fbnders. where lii: look part in 
thu aflkir of Sttuliain, tint) batilv of rauara 
{'J'2 MuyJ, and tliw niege of \'£lii'ncii;nQea, 
wliicb eapiluUt«d cm '2V Jaly. For his ser- 
Ticus be was uTomotvd to bf lieutfnunt- 
coloni^l in thf JBch loot (^Itoyul lriDb)fraiu 
12 April irOS. 

WiLiny>^ rummiLiiddl but now nvimKnt in 
1791, Willi the forM under Sir ChnrleB Stuart 
fq.v,] B,t tbi? c-apttirB of Corsica, lakinfi part 
in tbo sifgcit of Kinrf^nita in Kt-bniary, of 
llsstia in April, and ol" (.'alvi, wbere he wns 
■wounded, in August. He wiw fnvourabtv 
muntioiK-d in do^iiatcbcAforbiiOiervioo'), nnd 
in 179.') was nppnint«d governor of Galvi and 
ila dependcncnee. IIo waa prumubed to be 
brtnrtut cdoni-I on 3 Mpiy l79ll. (In Hu- 
evB<Tiiation of Corsira in (li-tfiber be arrom- 
ponied the troop* to Porto I-Vrmjo in Elba, ' 
whence lii;^ commanded a farce (ineliidiiii: hi? 
own regiment) wbicb landed on lUe Italiitn 
cout on 7 Nov., and mirccodrd in driving 
the Froncli fivm I'iomhitio, Cninp!||!lia, mid 
Ca«tiffUone, but, tlie i-nouiy receiving *^on- 
•idurubk ri'iiiforcrnii'nlA, lliu Bnlltili tr>K>pi> 
were withdrawn from ItaJy and r»'lumut] tu 
Elba. On tht- Bvanintion of the Mwlil«r- 
ranftnn in 171)7 Witinyi** t<K)k his rt!>)nnirnt 
to fiihrallar, whpm be was employe'i aa n 
brigadier-gvneml on tbe etaff nmil h-) was 

fromotod to b<' mnjor-^nflnil on "29 ,\pril 
Wyj. wbi'n he relumeu to England. 
In April I8IJK WcrnvM was appointed to 
tlie couitnnnd of tbo furces in Ceylon. Ho 
returned lionie in IdOtS, waa promoted to be 
liutitenanl-frL-nrrnl nn SQ .\pril 1808,and on 
'17 May nf th« fnlKiwing yr-ar wiiii apmiinleJ 
ffovt-rnor of Tynpmoulh Cnalla ana ClilTe 
r'ort. Hti waa priiinol<-d t'> Ik' ((rni.-rnl on 
12 Aug. I81». lie died on lit Au(r. \t^Qar 
bi8re«difnce,UpperOoreIInu8e,KeuBinjrton, 
uid WAA buried at Konjutl (iroon cfinoi'^ry. 
Wemyaa's portrait, pointed by .Stewardson 
attd l^n^rar<.■d by Look, ia in pou<»sion of 



Colonel Francis Clutrtoria Wemyu of 6 On- 
alow Square, London. Wemym't nittM-^ 
Frances Maria, daughter of Captain Ilu(^^ 
Wemjr«, and wife erf Artliur Beri-sford 
Brooke of the I'^rd \\'(:Ub fiuilivra, inlKritccI 
Ms property. 

(Koyal Mibiury CiJ. 18'J0: Orat. lla«. 1S3S. 
ii. flAIJ : Canmin'n lEi>>t^irii:-nl Km-OkU of thelSlfa 
Jtoyal ifiib lte^irii«iit ; E\-wii>'b Cat. of Rnfcntrvd 
^•inr«ita;Tiiiit«,3.'Jii>t- 13*0; Burkc'i" Peer«Ke; 
■JmitliB Wars in iha I«w CoiintriM; Caltvrt'a 
l.!aiDp«tgn iu Flauilcm and HoDitnil ; Bialt>ii«a 
ot the ATnerima War; Ciwt'i ADoalt of tbs- 
Wnrsof iho Kib'htoenihCrnmr>--] R. B. V. I 

WEMYS3,JASlKS(It}10MWf7).oia«te^ 
gunner of Kitgland and pi-noral of the ar- 
tillery in Scotland, boni about ItilO.belouffed 
to ibo FiAsAbire family of this nam*:-, wbtch 
is BOW rvprt«i;nt>.-d by the Earl of M'emyM. 
He was descended frotu Jsiuhi AVemyttt 
eocond sonof Sir David Wemyaaof Wcmjaa 
(1 •'13-1544). Uis niothiTwas Jonut Duri«,, 
lady of Cardan in the parish of Aucbt^ra- 
dvrrait iu Fife. He came to London in tb» 
winter of 11129-31) with hi» iinrlr, Odaoel 
Itobert Scntt,and devolt^d himself to gnnnery 
itnd nil ihiil. apperl^ined thereto. 

On 26 Vfh. \Mi the kin^r firantoil a war- 
rant lo 8ir John ll«ydoo, lieu tenant-Kent* mi 
of the ordnance, 'for carryioi; s iicli qiiantity 
of earth to Mr. WemrcsV fforden ut Voxball 
'Vauxhall] as ithouUl onlnce for inaking a 
butt to prove ordnance at.' Three yean later 
Wcrnvu'ii houiie n1 Vniitball waA burnt 
down. This tniBfor1.unt> deprived him of hU 
ficienlific inatrnmunt* and the tool* Iw had 
ai^uired nl )il» "wn expense for the further- 
ance of bis inventiowa. He aUo had ne- 
qitired dcht« to the amount of 2,O00J. 
(I'titition of Jaim-* Wrtmyas to Cbarlea I, 
Slate Ptijier*, iJom. It5:i7|. The kinj^, wbe 
hud b<;rn \^'emy8K'e patr).>n fur spveu yean, 
appears to have heliied the Hrlilleriat out oCI 
bis most pressing liabilities, and in 1038 bfr*T 
Htowtnl on Wi'MiVM tlir hiinimntble piMt of 
maater-gnnner of Kngland. In Febmarv 
1(J39, when an army was alwut to be le^-iflj 
In march into Scot bind. \\>iny** brought ' 
the king's notice xh'S lamentable fact that' 
Iheri* Were few i^iinnen in England who 
understood the duveml rungcs of ordnance 
or use of the mortar (IVilrion of Jame* 
W'emyjta to Charliw- I, .'ilitlr Ptipfr*, Don. 
V2 I'tih. 1639). WwuvM ncc^impaninl lJ»e 
train of arlillery which followed tbo royal 
army to IV-rwirk in the siinimw of ItKJfl. 
He also wait .lelecied to acrre with the amy 
raised In LMO to march against the Scot». 
(Notts Ay Seerrtai-^ yirh(tta» (v^ IntfinfM 
ti'aiitactek at the Vowncii of H'ar, 30 Jan. 
1(340). The ill-«acces» which atktided thft. 



Wemyss 



»49 



Wemyss 



Ituw's arms on tbc outbreak of tlie civil war, 
ana the vde tnheii by (tic Scottisli nation, 
lodueei] Wt'Diyiit! to trnusfvr hiesurvtc<-8 lu 
tho pnrliamt^nl. Hi! wriu> ap|>niTited master 
oftlieor<Jnunce to Sir William Waller [^ij. v.], 
and in Tliin mpdcily r(iii);lit nl Cr()|>nriiy 
Bridge. 39 June IdU, irhi'Tc he ma taken 
priion«r hv The rorsli^lfl, who nUn cnpliinHl 
Waller's artillcrr. vrhich i'oni»i»ti'<l of el^-veii 
pierea of eaniion, ' with two harricadoes of 
wood, wliicli worv drawD upon whct'N, (ind 
in eacL scvm voirII bruts and Walher kuii* 
cjiawed with oflse-ahrtt ' (Clakilviiox, lliAt. 
pf t£p HfhttUun). The Icuthur gun« fi>r(ii-i(l 
•uririce w«ri» in vfittMl liv Colwnel Koberl S<rf>f I 
(memorial i%ueription in Lambeth cburch), 
and wen- "ubeequvnttj |«iit«ntf"i by Woinvw', 
who improvfsl on his niinle'r* disfinrerv. 

Every pBbrt was made by ibe tkrl of 
EsMX, Sir John ^^^l(irllm, Sir William 
Waller, and Sir .Arthur lIcMlriK^ to ^t 
WemvM, whom Lord Clari-iidiMi calU 'a 
eonfii^iHsd good o(Bo-r,' e\cbatigt:d, but ht: 
ajqieam to bave b«>en d pn6onH>r for §onie 
months. Charlb* I Inid ^^ i-myiu^ th>i' jfiyfl of 
ina»tfr-f;uii[i'T was tint lillrd uji, and offered 
to reinstate him (Lord Kast*s to I bo * Com- 
mittw of both Kirgdiimii,' I'l July 1(H4). 
In 16*6 W.-myM, who held the rank of 
colonel in the parliamentary army, prnvwl 
the ordnanco on<i g>m|rfiwdor for the partia- 
in«ntary ni^vy, and titled out three new 
friff&t^it n'ith a hundred piec«« of cntiiLnn, 
fbr which ho wna awarded 60/. The oamfl 
lum wa? awarded him by the navy com- 
ini»iion&r<i in March ltI48 for similar scrvieei^ 
in tbo HiiininL'r of I'U'. 

In Mareh 1648 Wt-myis relumed to Scot- 
land, and oa the :^lh ul' the xumu muiilh an 
act wa« paMitd by itir Scvjltioh parliament 
'gnnling to Colond JtusL'a Wi.'myfis thi- 
privilpgn of makinft Wlliv^r onlnniicit fitr 
three ti-rms of nlneleiin years, with |}ower 
10 enforce secrBsy.' About thi* tiim-W.imyw 
appMM to havo verri'd round to thi* aidf .tf 
ine king, and wa* deprived by theparliamenl 
of bis post of mastpr-fiunner of EngUnd, 
which wa» bwiowi-d on Kichard Wollastuti. 

On 10 July KUOatt net nominiitini7Colnn<?l 
James Wemvss to \>v gout.'ml of anilk-ry in 
ihernom ofC-ninncI Alrtxaudpf IlumiltMij v,am 
pasAed by the Rpottish iiarliamcnt . His pur 
was )ix«d at aw hundred i^cu\f mt-rk* piT 
ntonlh, and he wax given in additinn rhp 
coDiDiand of a rejriment 1 Harl. jW.S", 6S4-J, f. 
list Wi-myM foiifiht at Oiinhnr (3 H.>pt.. 
10&0)i and had the ^uml fortune to escape 
eapturebyCromwolt. Iloa^ain commanded 
tbo Scottish artilWy in the campaign of 
1661, and wan taken priioner at Worcetstt-r. 
I He waa confinod al Windsor Castle, and 

L^ 



when prirato buaineu of hit own demande 
his preseoM in London for a few dajs ' 
had to Hud i'.OOO/. iwcurity {fitate Paptrtji 
IJom. a-IJune l«fi2). In 16fi8 bi-pptieiont 
Cromwell for an act lo bo pussL-d in bis 
fariiiir, 'eiinblin^ Itim lopTOVidita placo 1<^ < 
erect bLi work^ffirthe making and practising ~ 
CL'rtain inventions of liRlit ordnance an( 
enfpne« of war, the fruiu of bis ntHdy nni 
labour for thirty years,' Tbia ]>etittoii, which 
benrsdato ',i!~ May 16o8, includos a list of 
Wemyis'e rH-ivntitlc liivuiiliona for uuval and 
mililary pimnery {Cal. StatePap&rt, l>om.)|[ 
which were for in odrancc of tbo artiUerj 
pn^viounlTiiiuite. ('ntrnwrirndcnlh iltdayc 
matiL'ra, but Charles II granted a patent '1 
Janu-e W<>uiy«s, ewnigr, and Jitinvs Wemyss, 
junior, of the inTenlion of tbo former for 
raakiiijK light ordnance, and of a way where- 
by all motion* caust'd by ihe force of a river, 
wind, or honiea may be done by one or two 
men, and maybe uaeful for UftiDg of weights, 
draining of minoe, &c.' 

WernvM" was re»lored lo his post of 
m as tL-r- gunner of England by Charli» II, 
and h>! rt>tiLint<d it until llilMi, wIikd I.Ik- kin^l 
allowed Uim l<i return to Scotland. He waftf 
granli^ a o^rtain sum for ri>ii;;Tiiiij; hi^ |ii)it('{ 
lo Captain \'Bli^ntiiie ]*ync(PrtifioHofJanie»' 
' H'emyw. (ieiiertU uftke ArtiKenfm Soiiaad. 
to thr Kiiiff, 18 Jan. I')(57}, Womyss diwl 
in ]>i?c<'mhcr 1H07. and by his wife Kach»- 
' nne, widow of Jnbn Quilliams and dancbter 
of Thomas liiiymcnt, poultyrcr, of St. 
II'>ti.']pliV, Biebup^^late, who predeceased 
! him in February IWU, left with other issue 
' a eon Jamee, who wuh assueinti'd with his 
' fat.hiT in iht? patt-nt' UTanLed to Colonel 
^^'elnyM> by Charles 1 1, ' for making uod 
' stdling liffht ordimncc, &c,' Tbw youngflr 
' Wt'my*8 inherited ihe ectateof Caflkieberiy, 
and on 16 April Iti72 wns created Itanjn 
Burntisland for life, lie inarriitd .Margaret, 
eoinHe»» of Wumy.*-* in her own right, and 
I at his deaih in 1<!H.> left a son Darid, who 
' succeeded bis mother as third Earl of 
Wimy**, and i* .*epnrately noticed. 

I by Th« present writir in tho PrvcvoJttias Koyisl 
Arlillfrv [iintitulinn, ToLmiv. Wiccrvlin I*'TrtBer'« 
JMi'ttiumlsof ibe Fniiiily of U'cmjm, 1888; Actai 
at I'drlisment of Scotland; CnlenJiin of Stat** 
I'np*^.. IJoiii.; CfdtndHr of Iho ("■immlttea for 
llif Aiivance of M.otn>)-, lfl4-J-5tt, pt, iii. ; 
Clarendon's Hist, of iha KcUllinu, Bouglas'a 
I'wniHo ot HcoilnTnl; IIiirlHHn MS. 6814, f. [ 
123; Hist. .MS.^, Oomm., U»vort on thu Dnka 
ot Partlaiids MSS. i. i'ij.l C. l>-ir. 

WEMYSSor WEEMES, JOilN ( 1679?- 
)4^:ttt), divine, bom about 157lt,waa the only 
son of John Wemyss of Lnthuckar in Fife. 



L 



ilr vfM fldticaWd Kt the onivenitv of 8t. 
Aii<lj«w»,where hi^ gradu*tMl)I.A. m IdOO. 
In 1Q06 tiB was aspoiaivJ b\ ilic (ronuml 
MMOiblyiniiiiitttroi ]lutu>nin^i(Twidc*]iif«, 
' A* one of the best iMrned uid diEpoaeJ fur : 
peace of those of the Bulc of tin- niiniwloni, 
for tnajntainit))^ iinilv amon; ihe brethren, 
will) wert* considered as tending to ppiw<>- 
pacy.' At the conf-Tcnte biiiwwii tliiimini- 
aiefs and bUlmpe nt KDlldaiitl in May ItKIH, 
however, ^N'enij'M nraa tho«on ik i¥pn.-«onta- 
tivi' of thv luiuiMvn (Wodrow, (Mltvtwnt, 
Sjialding Soe., ji. 240). In ]B|y be waa 
iniii!>lated lo l)iiiiw,and in I6I8wa8inv«eiit 
at llif) B»wnitj|v rL IVrib, -wbt^n- lifi was 
chosen by Arclibifihop SpnttiHWood as one 
of tho iDint^it'rs' ropnjaentatireo at tbm yw~ 
liminary confi-renoe held on 3^ AufT. On 
^ Jan. ltiiy-20, in corapiiny wiih Beveral 
olber ministcrt, h-^npipcaixii lirfor*- th« court 
of high comiuiiwiou to ntiAWt^r ibe t-liar)^ of 
coritunacv in not currying out iLe form of 
ritiuU prusLTtbcd byiht? Ihwjitliclw* of i'ertb, 
«nd on 2 Mari:h he and bin f<-llowa weredi»- 
missed with n reprimand and an earnofit nv 
niou«t raric<i from Spitlinwrnid. 

After this wuminfT Wemyas devott^d hiin- 
■t'lf enlirvly td tlio iicaccfnl pntlie "f acrip- 
tural sMidy. lii IttL'.'i be j.ubtih'hi'd 'The 
CbrisiiantSynARo^uv. WhtTuin iscoiituyiied 
tho divcwi- It^adine, (he ripbt I'oyntinfr, 
Translatinn, and OollatioD of Scripniru vrir.li 
Sirripture. Wilb the cuslomee if the lle- 
bn-wi'K and ProMtlrtca and of all thoee Na- 
tion.* with whom tht-y wrv coiivvrMUtI ' 
(London, Ho). The work, whir^b wa» deilt- 
cotfd to Thumaa Hamiltoti. enrl uf Miulron 
[q. V.]. and contained a» nddri^ss to the 
Cuieliau ruader by William SymsoM, poiicheil 
a fourth •■dilion in IfRVt. It wttn folbtw>-d 
in \\i'27 by 'The Portraiture of tint Ima^e of 
God in Man' ihondoii, 'Itn; :trd ed. I(18<1, 
4t<i, dftdicnt-'d ro Sir IMvid Fniilis [q. v.J), 
and in UWi' by 'An KiiiliKOtion of the 
Judiciul Lawca of Mosi'» ( [.nndon, 4to), 
dedicated to tht lltirl ol' .S«nfMlli, by ' Au 
Kxphtnation of the Ceremonial Lawes of 
Hoaca' I LondoD.-lto), di'dicutod to Sir Ijobtrc 
Ker (after wardn linit Krirlnl' AnrTiiro>[(|.v.]. 
and by 'An Exponition of tin- Morall Low 
orTwi C!i>[iimnTideni>*nt'> <if Alminhtio Hod, 
set downp hv wny of K\flrrit«tiniw ' <I^n- 
don, 4tv'), dedicated to James Uay. lirst oarl 
of i:nrn»lo '<\. v.l, which wii» friy[uerLtly 
bound with (lie preceding work. In nuvhr'd 
of lii» nchievenienti Charles I noniinattHl 
him lo t\iv (•ecoiid pri-bund of Durham, wliern 
be was iiwIiiUHd oh 7 June 1R3J. Ho (lii,*d 
in Itl^lfl. He wnfl twice married; firs c, to 
Muiynri^l Unckbiini, by whom lie had a son 
Dnrid ; and, secondly, to J&ncb ^luiray, liy 



wbom 1m kid a dndltec and a aoa Johi, 
wbosueeeedad bim in hueatnieai I^thodor. 

Bendm enjoym^ coneideratklii ruiiHiMfa 
rary fiiEne, Ihn fwpusilory works of WenjM 
were pnused and perhaps read by aathon 
wIki liouri»hrdlon|[after his death. Inaddi' 
tion to the work.t alrmdv mentioned be wu 
the author of: 1. ' Exervital iona Dirine co*' 
inininfT diTerae Questions and Solutions fbr 
the ri>:bt uudvnlundiiu of the ScrinturMv' 
Ixindon, )634,8vo. IVdieatedloSirTbaiDas 
Coventry 'o. t.J 'i. ' Obserrationa Natnnll 
and Morall, with a short Trralise of the 
Number?, WeiffhtA, and Measures, oaed by 
the JI(!bT«*wi'»,"London, 163tf, t!ro. CopiM 
of Wemyu's treatUM were boond in three 
nr four volumes and issued with freah title* 
m^ bearinfi the date 103l!i or 1637 aa'Tha 
\^ orkes of Mr. lohn WneniM- of Ijathocker.' 

Wemysa must be ditiiinguiahed from (bur 
ooiitejaporariee : John Wemyas, the eonnuB- 
aary of 8t. Andrews t'niventity, a atlTCtf 
aupporter of the crown ; John NVemya* (2 
IflTiiiy. niicuNli^r uf Cuiki^tone, afterwatda 
Kinnaird in Rrechin, who waa equally srahna 
in opprwinK (he eccle«ia>t ical innovaiionsot 
JatU'-'S VI and Cbarira I ; John WemyM [4. 
tti^L' h), minister of Nigf in AbwdetiiBhin'. 
and John WemjtLa {H. I(UU), nuMstvr of 
Kotlies, who wa# reputud a brotber of John, 
fimt earl of AVemvas. 

[WeinyKk'« Wvrks; Dongas'* Baronaga, l 
Hh'i; Scot's Fani Roelea. SeotiMaie, i. ii. iU, 
440; CiailfrwiMd'i Hist, nf Iha Kirk of SceOaad 
(Wudrow .S'»c.). vol. cii. passin.) E. 1. C. 

WENDOVER, KirilARD or (A ISSS), 

pbysiciiin. TSee UlcHARn.] 

WENDOVER. ROGEK nu (rf. M>M\ 
rbr<inicli<r uml nxmk of .St. Albans, was 
iirnhnbly a native of \Vendover, Bucking 
hamshire, for in one of the manuAcripta of 
bin chronicle he is etvled 'Rop^erus Wen* 
dovn'deWendovnj'fWalsi, preface to JUiTT. 
Pauis). II(> was perhaps near of kin to 
lEiehnrd of Wvndorer [q. v.], pby»cian to 
(in-);r"ry IX, who aeeooa to luive l>»en con- 
DiTied with St. Albans, for at Iiiii death in 
X'l^t'l hr li'ft the abbey a cnicifix ffiven him 
by the pope [^ChrtMim .\fajar/t, v. 299K 
Other L-ccb-siusticv bore the name of Wead- 
over nboiil timl time, and among thes 
Hicbanl de Wendover, bbhop of itocbatUr, 
who died in I'JoU. ito^cr received pnaat't 
ordvrti, nrid i» said to have bwn preceoT ~ 
of St. Albaus. He waa prior or fHvt 
lAiict'Sterahirt-, n cell of Hi. Albans, wli 
Willinindi-Tri]nipin|(t<>ii,nbbotof 8t. Albsiu 
from 1214 to li^t.'j, enme to IVlvoir in iho 
criun>e of B vi«itotion of the coll^ of )ii<^ 
bouae, made probably in or about l*JM, 





W'endover 



»5X 



Wendover 



received b complaint ag«iiut the prior that 
lie hadwMtMl tbflgood«of hi«chureD. Wend- 
ovcT rrnt rvWkeil, and proniit«d aniend- 
tnent : but. thf^ prior, thottga appeanii^ Bati»- 
Gvd, WHS dulLTmitivd t" remove uiiii,Bnds<)m4! 
(ini<? l«t<T did jwi, and Wendorer luuftt then 
have returned tn St. ALbnnB (Gata A66atunt, 
I. i^O-I, 274; tliu dtil*; of Lai* TiRiUtinn in 
coniwtural; it was after lbf> diuth of John 
and the cl'jee nf th>.' wiir for thedinrti-r, and 
took plar<! in a time of civil war. whicJi 
troiJd Kuit r/::!<1-l, and it iriiist bave btien 
fairly rarly in TriimpinjitonV nbbtttfj. for tint 
abbot in diitmbt^d an b<'iii)i t!it>n 'tlnridus 
etatv ; ' MAliDEVin his ilUtoria Atwl'inim, 
Tol. i.prcf. xiv,pliictr»it in 12]t>; but llAltPy, 
laying t<JO miirh strMM on tbvordvr in which 
pTentfl arc nnted in tliu fitsta AlAntum, pui0 
WendijdM-'a rvini>\'nl iw Intnits ' nbmit lill,' 
Cat. of AfatertAiji, iii. 79). It hns been sup- 
poeed that abnnt T'Sl lie sii<-i;c>eded im hinttt- 
riogrtph«-r of St. Albniii (HAKnr, u.^. prff 
xxxvi, foIlow«I bj Hewlett) a monk named 
WnK'T, who. Bccordiof; to I'ils (7V Anfjtitr 
Scriptvnltut, p. >M*i)> wroto a cbronicle of 
Knslaod after 118U, but Walters chronicle 
and pOoilioD in th(.< abl)vy caiinut be iicci'ptHt 
on fluch tealimnny, and nil timt can saJMlv 
be asserted Isihai Wendovir.afterrv'lnniinp 
to St. .\lliHnti, di'V'iii'd Iiiiniiplf Tu hialiiriud 
work, and that he dnubt leiu hecaroe th« hejid 
of the BcriiJlorium and hiaiwriogrnpliBr of tbo 
cnnvnnt. lU- i!i.-il on U Mny Vi'M I^Chronioa 
Mahrti, vol. vi. Addit. p. 274). 

llifl work ns a writer of history le com- 
taemorited by WaUinfflinm, who mva that 
tlie chponicltfr* of Kngland owi* nearly 
ereTTChinf; to him, and that liis work ox- 
tCDMd to tli« reiijii ot Hviiry II (Amvxdk^ 
BIV, ii. SOS) ; ' Afcundi ' in thia psMOf^fe hn^ 
bMU explaintKl 08 nicra<Iy a slip fur'lvrtii' 
(SrCTEKSOS, Morr* //»>f. vnl. t. pn-f. viii), 
but it F«eniB pmbabli- that WuUintflnun wiw 
mi«li*d b}' tliir diviniDii of I lui ' ClinmicK. Ma- 
jora' in) o two v(iliini«»[!tee under I'lKls, 
Matthew], th«> second beftinning at I Ih9 
with a rubrical not* roferrinff to I'aris 
(ClroNiai Majora, ii. y.'W »«.) WendoTer'n 
book is ftntitlfd 'Flores Ilistoriarnm,' and 
ttu* SrM pan. of it answers to tlii'^ niuni', tli« 
Cont«ntii beintf largely cullrd fnim otbt!r 
Iii»l':riaMfi. It bc'pna, nher a pruloi;iic>(;liiffly 
taken from ItolH-rt dcMniu.- [i|.v.], with tbi' 
weation, and ends Romewhat nbruntly nt 
1186 witli the gent^alogy of tlic Empn-sit 
laabflla, sUter of tIi.- Kmperor Henry IIT. 
after whtoh in both manuacripta of his book 
it inMfted ' llu£ usque K.Tipsit doininii:* 
Kogt-ruii de Womlovr»! ' 0^. ii"- 3i27 n.), fol- 
lowed by a rhyming bexumeter rouplet. It 

oxiant in Iwu manuscripts, Doucu M-S, 




207 in th« Bodleian Library, Oxford, of the 

iliirteeaih ccntnry.snd Cottonian MS. Otho. 
B, V, iudependent.of lb<^fourt<H-i]lli c/uiupi', 
described in IttUtt as beginning with the biriti 
of Christ, but, tbuugh K-^inniug iburv. it 
ItBs lis heiidina, ' Incipil liber Aecundus.'&c, 
with a sucond prulo^cue (printed by Hj'KVim- 
M)>'), a.-> ihnngii un rurliur pnrl hnil b«tm re- 
movtid; it was much damaged by the fire al: 
Aaliburnham llouMi inl7:JI,and has b««D 
wonderfully rwCored by Sir I". .Maddt-n. Tho 
' ilorRs ' hns been printed from -M" oowurda 
in fiuir Ti>lumes by tho English Historical 
r^ocit'ly, 1841 2, under ihi' editorship of 
llcnry Octavius Coxe [q-V.], and from ll'>4 
uuwardx in thrm; vulumi** iu tliL- Uolls Soriea, 
l88<J-St,UHdcriheeJilorsbii>ofH.K.lIi.wlrIl. 
In the ' Florea ' Wcudoror appnars as an 
editor, a copyist, a compili:<r, and an original 
chronicler. He seems In have found an his- 
torical compilation written in lbs ablwy ex- 
tending from tlim rn-ation to llJSR, n!cr*- 
sented and revised by t*aria, in C.C.O. JIS. 
I_'ainbr. 'JVt, and lo have writtrn a raviiion. 
of it to the Vfor '2'il, from wliicU datt> he 
copies from it down to 101 :;, making one 
lon^ inticrtion undc-r (\'2\ fnim M'tlliam of 
Tyn-: Hh tli<-n oiuiin und ituierLii paa«ago* 
nntil 1065. whL'n ha again copies (Luaud, 
CAnm. Majnra, vol. i. pref. «iii). llw C.C.O. 
MS. 21! endH with 1188, and at that point, 
tlte Douce manuscript of the ' Flores ' haiS a 
iniirginnl note, ' Ilui" n«nin* in lib. CTonic, Jo- 
hanni.4 abhatii>,*hut tUin l^nttonion maniiwnpt 
of the' Flores'goes on without n break. J.uard 
iioronlingly point* ont the nrohnbilitT that^ 
till* early !>t. Albans compilation ended at 
that dnlp, and that WendoTcr took up the 
work of conipilatiow at 11(^8 {ib. ii. 3.30>. 
.Sir T. U. Hardy (u. s.), writing at an eurlier 
dutL', sumvwhnt nrbttmrily Ei.ied IIM as thi> 
point at which ' WViidover may bn wiid fo 
assume the character of an original writer.' 
lbou);h it is obvious lliat from 1 104 tn Viiyi 
the * Fl«rt!fl' \s. a compilation. .Mr. Hi^wliMt 
in Iiifl edition of lliv 'Flores' has simplv 
copied onil approved Ilanly's remark, nnd, 
in spite of Ijimi-d's aciil<' and scholarly erili- 
ci«m, hns acted iipon it bv beginning bb 
rdiiion nt n.M. From \\M to 1202 Wen- 
dovpr'a work i.-" nimilur in cfiamctiir to the 
earlier St. Albana compilation, but from 
l:i('2, that i" after thu i-nd of the chnmiclw 
of Iloger of (loveilsn \n. r.l, ho mav he con- 
sidered as a first-hand autlioritv (i^. vol. ii. 
pref. xixi. for ihi>nr.»forwar«l hr> doea not 
appear lo use the work of any earlier liieto* 
nan for English atfairs, except in a few plac&v 
the chronick' of llalpli of LViggi'shnll [\\. v.]. 
though lor airiiira in the Holy l^iid he uopiea 
under I^17-IH from Oliveriua ScholaBtictu 



(A, vol. iii. pref. viii). His vnrk -vtiia mrised, 
•uffnu^nki], and carried on without a btvak 
by Paria in hi^ ' f'hixmicft Mnjorii.' 

WendQVer, while an our«nouen and honest 
writer, irimoivmodemtcinhiH lanf;ufigclhnn 
Par'a, nn<I lliorcfoM probably more iruitl- 
worlLv when* perionnl cUiirjictBr ia con- 
e«ruvJ : but hiii cbrunick', nnitlr beuiusc it 
reveals !■»• •LranE frvliD^, Wkx tli« vigour 
and brig^iTn&» tnat dielin^uiflh the work 
ofl'arin. A fttirlv comjilclw pictum of tbf 
ycinngf^r IiJAtoHnn can \w sniuerl from hi.i 
writinge, but tb« ' Floras ' do not enablu n« 
to IxTomi; itcqiiAinti'd vritb Wendowr. Nor 
does Weadover systvmaficall^ expound iIh> 
C*Uftc« of erctitfl: and for tbis rt-usoii mny 
perbapt* accurately bu ik'«cribt>d a« a cbroni- 
cl«r, whiln Paris det«rvt-s to be called an 
bisIoriiiTi. As a dkroniclor, howuvur, kr 
■land* hijjb : bo was indiwtrioiis in collwt- 
inp informiilion, and, thoutfh be somplinios 
makei uiLfltikue— lu in asserting tbut tbu 
Mcoiid comnnliriti of IIi?iiry in llJSO took 
place at. Tanlvrbiirv, iaiilncingthuconsMjera- 
tion of Wflltvr MmirbTk [ii. v.] Iti Carlicl'' 
under 1323 inst^-nd of ll'2-l, in do;s(a-ibing ibi- 
KTant of I2;J4 as two murcH o3i tlii' curiical"- 
ini<tCA(l of two ftbillinpi, and in c(ilHti^th>< 
count of Brittany in l:?-'l* Ilpiiry iiistpad of 
Peter — iigenerallyaci^uratc, utid sbownsomt; 
DBrrative I'owt-r, tbijugL in tbis ri\*[jeci: mo 
ho iai^clijiAMd by I'lirlw. Hi^ SMi-itm lo have 
btien ep«'ially inioreetud in L>ei.-li<i-iasticul 
mntt^rfi, and rt'lnfif* manr ininiclfrx and 
other wonders. Ht? dmis nnt eepui lo havi' 
bad a wide BCqimintanRe with 1intiii<rin»*ii.-nl 
tutbofi, for in thi- nnrt of hi" work which 
iff original he w!arc>.'ly«-Y*rijiu>tfs from then). 
His Latin, wbicli exhibits eomt- mnrkiM] 
tbough uniiu^orlant cbaracttiritiiic*, in clear 
and correct, though Aometini^s ratbor bald. 

(I^nrd* prffs. tn Ohron, Ma), rol*. i. ii. «i,. 
Hnrd/nCiit. of M-ti-riiilj., iii. 3fl, 7B-H3. Mad- 
don'* pref. t(i Hi>u Ad^I. vul. i., Hi-wlott.'a t"^'* 
toWtiidoMr'» Flnrei. toI. 1, (all RolU Ser); 
8t«Teti«un*« prcf. to Wfudover, vol. i. (KukI. 
Hiit.Soe.11 W. II. 

WENDY, THOMAS (l-'VOOM-WO). 
COHrl pbyiiciun, l«>m b'.'twnfn Muy IJiH' 
and Mav i-'ilK), w«.* the swond sonof Tiinranit 
Wendy ofClare. Sudolk i Affiflf. .If & lfiir.4, 
f, 342). lit- wiw lyliiCQtrrI ftt Camhridge, 
cradunting I)..\. in loL9~lU and on Lady 
day following wa» elected trilowor (ionvillH 
I IftlK afterward!* (lonvi 111! and CaiusCoUege). 
He pruci>E-d«^d M.A. in I'yJ'J, and then wi-nT 
abroad to Etiidy mt'dic-im- ; he gnLdiiutod M.lX 
at Ffrmtrii, and wa« inrijrpf)rHted in this 
di»grep at rambridgu in liJii I'ViiSN, liiof/t: 
JIi*t. ff fionrittr and Ciiiu* CuU. p. 24>. 
lie W6a subsequently appointed physician to 



Henry Vin, who on 12 Juno 1M1 granted 
to him and bia wife the manor of Hailing* 
fii^ld, Oambridgi-Ahini {T^ttft* and J'apen ^ 
Jlmry J'lU, xvi. S-l?). W'endyplnyseome 
j>iin in i-'oxe's atory of Gnrdintr'* allcf^ 
iKtrigiie af^aiiiBl Ciithcrinii Tarr for berM 
(MjUTLakd, £r»«vN IWy, pj>. 3IB--21). I 
attended Ili-nry VHI on bis dvalbbvd, wi 
one of tlm wiliiPMit^ tu hi* will, and was bo- 
queathed 10(1/. by the king. H'-' witii con- 
tinUHl tu> mynl uhviiicinii with a aalurv oT 
100/, hv l^lward \t, who made him ftuth«r 
grants of land (^r/« /*. C. ii. 432; Lit. Rt- 
maiuji ff Ivlirttrd I'/, p. cxcrii). On ll'Xov, 
154H bi> was appointed one of the eccleoiat* 
tioil riftitors of Oxford, Cambridf^, nnj 
l^tou, and on U May l-'io2 was again con- 
miMioned to visit Kton (of. J>IX0II,iii. lit)). 
He wii* admitied fellow of the t'ollege of 
Physician* on i'J, Dvt. 1501, and bv«snii* an 
elL'ct in Inoi'. He attended Edward VI on 
bi» deatliUcd, und wue i.'onlittuv<i a* royal 

fliywcian by Mary, to whom he performed a 
ikt He^^■ice. t>n 1'6 Jlsreb 1554 be was re- 
tiini>-(l lo pnr1 iiitneiit for St. .A.lbiutii, and for 
Cambridgcehire on 10 Oct. 1565. Ue was 
apiKiinted an eccleaiast ical visitor l>y niiKO- 
bc'th in \hW, and died at HwUngfield on 
11 May 1560 in the aixtr-first year of hia 
age : he was buried at HaslingHeld on Um 
27th. He wii>, a friend of Ur. John Caiu* 
(l.'.IO-lSF.'t) [q. v.], who dedicated to him 
in 1557 the tiret of hia 'Cialeoi Pergameni 
libri ;' hu gave mauv ntodicJil and elaiuical 
boolui lo the librarr of Oonville and Calus 
Colle^. founded a fellowship tbnre, and la 
commcmonitt-d in the college by a aenrioe 
held on II May. 

Wendy left no issue by his wify Margery^ 
and was Fucoevded by lii.t nt^phew Tbonaa, 
Aou of bis elder brother John. Thomas vae 
sberifl'uf Cauibridgvdiiro and UuntiugdoD- 
«!iiTvin l.".-J--4. ir.8.'.-G, and \W1-S {ti»ta 
fff SJifrip, 1H«H, p. 14J : in l-'>8<J-7 he wae 
in (rouble with the privy efiiincil forrefuaing 
the nalh (llpywonD anJ Wrioht, Camtr. 
Trails, ii. 120-tt); i"? addwd his land* at 
Darritigton, Caaibrid^f8hir<>, to hi.*, iinclea 
endowment of Oonvdle and Caius Collegr' 
His deaeeudants are giren in I>^ Xcv«' 
' Pedigri>i-# of Knights (Harl. Soc. p. 17). 



N 




[AuihorilifH ntiMl; SloaaL> M8S. 1301 f. 1A|, 
MUaf-AI i C*\. auta Vnptn, Dom.. 1*47 ' 
p. 1 1 (indexed iu> Bendy) ; I>nry\ Suflolk C 
in Adilit. MS. \mM : C<>op«r's Ath«n»auitabr. 
i. 'iOA; MunkV Coll. of Pht». i. *0: Wixon'a 
Hi»t. *ol. iii. (indexed esWindrio) ; Lit. H 
..f MwftidVl (Roxlmrghe Club); Hit*. M 
Comui. VMh Itep. Api). iv. 414. 441 ; IlAkfr'* I 
John'*, 1. 123. 146. ii. S28; AcU of tlw Priry 
OwndhJ A. F. P. 



WENGHAM. tIEXRY db (rf. 1202). 
bitliop of l^indon. [8«n 'WiNeHAX.] 

WENHAM. JANE (rf. 1730). the Imi 
Trottian coitdemned for witchcml^ in Kna- 
lani), -vrtm « nalivti of Walkerii, littrtford- 
sKire. On9Peb.l7l2ahi<obtaiiiL>duwnrruiil 
on a chftri^ of (Ivfrnnarion af^iiist a rannor, 
who hud called hora witcli; but the ijuarrtl 
was referred to the rwtor of Walkcrn. Jolin 
Gardim^r. lit- jidmonishcd Jane tn Viva mnre 
poacmbl; witli her aeichbourt, and nwnrdi.'d 
aer tbe suin of oue ibilliiiff rw compvnjifttiiiii 
from the &rau?r. Shortly after Jtine VV«u- 
ham bad l«ft the presence of the psr»on tbc 
servant-maid at tho puDoaage bi-havcO in a 
most unacooiiiitabln manner, and il waa al- 
le^dthatiinordertafUnwhordiitf-nli^fiulion 
&t th« lMin&t!T in irbich hIw had iH'cit tr<'iilt«l, 
Jan^hiidbcwitrhMthU voting girl in exactly 
the wune raanner ui whicli ihu vilU^«.>ni tuiid 
ahe pretinusly bevrilchitd n fartu Inbourttr. A 
warmnt wi» now obtained to arrest her, on 
n ebarge of witchcrstl, from th« local justice, 
Sir Henry Chauncy, who diKctod four 
womm to search her foe witch markd, but 
theae eluded all search. Rathi^rthon iiescnt 
to psol, tb« rvpiiti.'d witch offered lo Buhmit 
bftruilf to the swimniiD^ teat. As an altcr- 
nalivi* KobtTt i<tnitt, viuiirof ihv miiglibour- 
•"Kparinliof Ardl>iy,tri<-dberwith the Lord's 
Pniycr. Having ri^peatwl this inrorroctly. 
vbd i>ub!*<iMJuently confessed that *h^ waa n 
witch, ana wa* nctit to Hiirtford jraol for 
thrn'j WtMjk* to fiwait llit> ussijif*. She wns 
Ijiwl lieforo Sir Jobn TowpII (164"> 1718) 
[q. v.] on 4 March, when oixlcen witneMes, 
tnre^ of whom were clergTmen. oppcared 
agaiiuit the prisoiiw. The lowyynt ivfuM^d 
to draw up Ihv indiclmt-nt for anv other 
chugs than that of c^onvursing with iLvdu«il 
in tbe form of a r*l- Upon lliiw indiotini'iir., 
in di>iflpito of the loflding of the Jiid^ (who, 
when it woa alleged that th« prisoner could 
&j, remarked that there ifm no law ogainAt 
flyintrt. the jary found her guilty, anil she 
WOK i>t!nt<!nced to death. Powell siicc(!<udcd 
in obtaining her pardon from the (ineeii. The 
Ugh-^iD{; ■Bction of th« coualry clergy en- 
dMTOiirnd to get ii^ a demanstration and a 
protest. A long war of pamphleta t- itaued, 
and thi> clergy who had been engagfl<l in thu 
pCDMOUlion drew op a doromrnt »tr>ingly 
tjiterting lh<>ir belief in the [[uilt of ihn 
aceiue>d, onimadTerting severely upon thy 
conduct of the judge, and concluding with 
the solemn wunb * Liberavimus animaa uo»- 
tnw.' The controversy wft« pursued in 
'WiKhcraft farthfr Di^play'd. . .with an 
Answer to th« most K'^nerul tlbiecliona 
It the Being and Power of Wilchi-V 




followed by ' A KuII Confutation of Witch- 
craft. . .prfiving that Witchcraft is IViest- 
craft.' ' The tmpoBsibilily of Witchcraft . . . 
in which thu Ui-mnitiiiuH ogatiint Jann Weii- 
hara ore eonfutad,' * A Reftnco of the Pro- 
cevdinge against Jaui.< Wenliam' [hy Krmni^is 
llraggfi of Pet*rhoiiae], and a more dinpu- 
sionate investigation, entitled 'The Cose of 
[ hi! i Icrtfordahire Witchcraft coniiider'd,' 
All ih^^tepomphk-t^ appeared in 171l'. 

The case ot JanoVSenham wivs [ht) la«c 
Iu«tancuofawilchbeingcondt:mu>'dtod«n.th 
hy an Knglish jury, in ITIK Francis 
liutcbiugon [q. v. ] may be Maid t o have givoti 
th« HupttrvliCioii it:! dtiathblow by thu publi- 
catioTt of hiii 'Historical Euay,' in which 
tb« dylosiona of witi-h-Rudera am ably «x- 
posed, iind in l73t{thnAlatnte against witch- 
craft was repealed. It wo*, however, in this 
8am«coimlT0f Ilertfool, in April 17M, that 
this poor old woman Itiilh ()ahorne [n-T-] 
w^a done to denlh hy a ferocious rabble at 
Long Marston, near Tring. 

Jane Wunham retired to Hertingfordbiiry, 
whom she was supported bv thu charity of 
C'jluncl i'lumer, and afl«r Ina death b^' that 
of fiarl aiid Countess t'owper. She died on 
11 Jituu 1730, and ' ber funeral surison was 
pmitchr-d by tim Hbv, Sir. Squire.' 

[.'V Fall and Imparl.ial Anoiint of the Dih- 
ctiTdry of Sorcery and Witchcraft, pmctia'd by 
JniH> XViinbnru . . . n\fo her Tryal at I bi' AtMze* 
lit Hertford hcforn .Mr. Juntio* PowoU. whtiPO 
shi! win found Qtiilt*' lit Fi-lony and Witchcraft, 
ntiil rcuaiT'd Sentriii;ti "f l)«aib f>>r tho Kunie, 
March 4. i;il-12: 'Thou xbalt not suflcr a 
Witch to liT,',' London, 17t:i, Wtinhi'* Narra- 
livet of Sorcery sad Wiichomlt. ii. 'i\9-t&: 
Lfk^ky's Htal. of RatioDalisn in EarDpo, chap. iii. ; 
niickli''s Posthumous Fragments, i. GO : Itulchin- 
m>i)'« lliatorirAl B«By concerning Wiich craft, 
WLthObH«r¥atiDitii t«ii<liaglo confute iha vulsar 
errors .iliout that, point, 1718, p. 1-14 ; Clattor- 
W'Ic'h lif-Tifordiitiir*. ii. 4QI n. i Urit. Muacam 
Cat.s.v. ■ Wonhum,'] T. S. 

WENLOCK, JOHX. Lobd Wktloob 
(el. 1471 1, wa.t Iho son of Williaiu Wynell 
du Weitlock, commonly riLlli-d \\'iUi&m 
Wenlock, knij/ht of th« shire for Ik'dfonl 
' county in 140-1, by his wife Margaret Brulon, 
I nil heirew of ilDuuhtim ('iinoiit-iit in Bed- 
fordshire, lie took part in the inva.'tion of 
Fram'L-, and on \(\ Aug. 14:^1 he received a 
trmnt of Innd.i in the bailiwick of Oisors 
in Normandy, and shortly after, in April 
I H'^'i, is styfod constable of Vernon. In 
1 Vii he was returned to parliumout ftir Bcd- 
j ford<^hirc, ond nirain in 14^, 1447, 144'J, aud 
I 14-'i-^ {Official iiftum of .Vnnien of Pari.) 
I III* was escheator for IIuckin^hamKiiim and 
I Bcdfonbliinj ia 143S-0, and be e&rly entered 



VV^enlock 



»54 



Wen lock 



I MTTiM of Margaret of Anjou, beina first 
'ttiberdftlie cbam^r.ond oboiit I4*'i0 (mAm- 
1)eriun to Lc-r. Iii tbi» capaciiy be laid the 
firnt •ton" nf t^iieens' College, Oambridgff, on 
\f> April 114!!^. In 14-li lie accompiini«<) 
Aichanl, dukt^ of Ynrk, durine his n^itotui- 
_ ions in Kruno'. TIub wiw tbc ouiniii«iu<«- 
'inenl of hi* diploouitic cun*«r, in tbe coarsfi 
of "vrhicb he «u employptl in ei^twa or 
niore <>inbaaiU6a, uid wim brvii|{bt into cIOM 
TOlalion* with tliP Duke of York and tbe 
Karl of Warwick. In 1444 hv iraa nomi- 
bted itidi fih&riff of Bucl(ingluui]shir<>, and 
dDKribi>d for tbe firat time a> ' of Som- 
mariea' in Uedford§birv. In 1447-8 Wwa^ 
made conatabk- of Baiiibohiugb, and ou 
,81 Nov. 1448 the family property at Wcnlock 
vin Shropabit^. whicli bad b<.-un nliunataxl, 
wae rvslorvd to bint. He vraa kiii){bted 
Ix-fore 1449, when h« is mentioni'd ut un 
executor of Lord Panhooo. In tbv war« of 
tho ro»c4 hi' at ArsC Cnoh tne L&neaatriaii taie, 
flghctim: at the fint Lattio of Ht. Albans iu 
1466, at which hti wa* woflndcd (Paatun 
Lettem. i. 3Sl>. lie must have turned 
YorkiAt at tliis time, as be wa« itpeaker of 
thei HDUSf- of Commous in the parUam(>nt 
of 1441^). Ill \-\-iS he- te&h aut&eii^'otly Yorkist 
to be truHted with the luiejioii to tbo Bur- 
^indiane, and itfCnrwitrilH to thu FreAch as 
to thfl mnrriagp nf a daii^Utar of the Count 
nf Charolaia with otiu of the mus of thv 
Puke of York. He miwt have crftased 
thfl Chanrel with \N'arwieJt iuBt before 
Bloreheath, its be wilm with Salisbury in a 
little ship when be escaped after tht' panic 
of Ludlow Co Oalais. TTo wnn nttAiiLt«d, 
like other YorkisW, in ihts pnrtiament of 
Covuntry. Ue look part in the little pxp^ 
dition to Sandwich in 1 UK), when Ottbcrt 
Huuduford in. V.J was cnptured, and directly 
aftt^rwnrtU \n\ went to London with tho 
other Yorkist luaderii. Ili» i>art coasisled in 
besieging tin; Thwm, whiph fiarr«iderej on 
19 July 1400. Thaa he was not ut tho 
battle of Northain|rtim cm the lOth. He 
was with Edwnrd, duke of York, whun 
he enlwred I^ondon in Febniarv 1 4fMUl , imd 
on ^ Fob. he was clcctud a linig'ht of the 
Garter nt a cliaptvr of the order held by 
Hdtiry VI during his imprisonment. He 
won present at tLo battle of l-errybridire 
on as March, and, b^inj; given commftnd of 
lh« r^ar, fouffhi bravoly ut Towloii on the 
naxt day, Din-ctlv afterwardit be was 
placed in a cnnimiasion to iniiuiru Lnlo Lhu 
tnuona coroinittod by Morion innnd about 
fork, lie waa crcai^I Baron Wnnlock the 
unil yoar, and ou 1 May was made chii.>f 
butler of England. He w«« in the north 
Bgain in Documbvr W^'i, and beoieged Dud- 



atanborough Castlo io oompauy with Lcnl 
llastio^ it waa at this time, jpreaumablf, 
that Ue n'as made governor of Ukmboroo^ 
Cutbi. 

Edward rewarded lum witli valaable 
grant" ns well as with bi« peerage, lie alio 
(tent bim on nii.'VtioDa ahmad ; in 1463 lu 
went with the bishop of Kxeter and othon 
to the conforenee witn Franca and Bmfiuu^ 
at St. Omer an<l ll«sdin, and Iw had a ■ini' 
lar missiDD in the apnog of 1469. Abonl 
tbi« timo be wu «Muilairiy Warwick'i d«- 

Cuty in the command of ('mlais. prohabl; 
olding the office of lieutenant of the castle. 
\\'lnininl470Wiirwirlin]i{w«riHiofl*thelowiii, 
Wenlock woiiltl not admit him, and adviard 
him to go away to a Fn.'ncli port ; the ea^ 
riftnn were alt on txlward's side, and Wea* 
lock thought, as ComminM ohows, that it 
was 1mv->t to wait. Commin«a tella us that 
Edward waa very pleased and gave him the 
command of thu fortress, and, if we mty 
believe ihuMme historian, the l>nke of Ba^ 
gundy allowed him a peoaioa of a thouaaBd 
(xa^. Comrainea savs also that he was sort 
to lake an oalb uf Kdi'litv to I-Mward fnn 
the ffarrison and from A'enlock. It will 
readily b» bt-lieved. however, that he foosJ 
little ^iBeulty in ooming over io ib« Lu- 
castrian side, and when Commines in 1471 
went to Calai», he found bim with W>^ 
wick's bodge in bLi hat. Thia stiaii^ aericB 
of changn tirst, sa^-s Comuines in a oel«- 
bratod poMoge, icmmded him of the instabi- 
lity of things human. 

In 1471 Wenlock landed at Weyraoutli 
with Margaret, and was killed on '4 Ua; 
at the battle of Tewkesbury — according to 
one Htory, by Soneiset, w a traitor; oeoord- 
ing to iiHOtWr wliil(> liffbling in IIm mtddU 
lino. H» WAS probably buried at Tewkefr- 
biirj', though the tnonuTni-nt in the Abbey 
formerly thought to commemorate him ku 
proved to be tne Comb of another. He wai 
twice married, but \til no iatuc. Uis fint 
wife EliEab«th was daughter and ooheireo 
of Sir John Drayton of Kempaton in Bed- 
furiJshire. 8h« died about the begimung of 
14t(I, and he erected to her ntemory Wen- 
lock cbopel in Luton church in the umt 
ypur. Eln prohably mairiiHl his second wife, 
.A.gne.ft, daughter of f«ir John DiuaTers of 
Qothorpc in Oxfordshire, about 1467. n« 
wai her third hu.iband, and aftw Iiib dMtlt 
she marrit'd Sir John Saj [q. T.J, speaker ol 
the House of Commons. 

[NotuB fpjin n mmjuiieripl, Ufa of Wwnlod by 
tbe lute Bu*. Henry Cobb«, limlly aupptwd bj 
hmdangbtcr. Miss Cobb6; IlanuaT's Laocoitsr 
tuid Yod(.ii. \%&,6cx.\ Burlca'aExUnctPsei^ie: 
a. £. C^okayDefs Contplele Peciag*; 




Wenman 



'SS 



Wenman 



fUMit ItollE, Edw.lV, pp.SS. SO. &«.: Stmrlv's 
Uist. of Quoeat' Obllegi), L'ttnibritlg^. pp. i't. tH : 
TmtAnienuVHuKtA, I'. 343; ArriTalnf I'Mw. IV 
(Cwnd. Soc.), i>p. lA. 22, 30; I'oJyJorr Vrrjtil 
(Camil. Soc. trMnsl.). pp- 148. 153: N4t«» waA 
Qnarim, 3nd mr. iv. 17-^ Sni >rT. W. His, 436 : 
Rot. Pari. V. IfrS.Ac; Wars of <li« Kiwl!«li in 
Vnaec, i. 359, &^., it. 778. Jit. i Cotnmtticjt. ttl 
Dopant, i. 'J34. &e., in. 2(11. JSk-.; Tlirt-^ Tif- 
tMiiVli-cviilarv Cbrouitrlos (CiiibJ. Scr ), pp, 7*. 
167 : Lelten ot M«rg»ret of Anjon (L'iliu>). 
Soc). p. 112; Cart4>'* Oat. <!«> AoUm Oaw. ; 
NonBAii Rvlla; LipNCumli's Hitt. of Bui-king- 
hurishir« : Atutia' R«ff. nf Onler n( OnHer.) 

W.A. J. A. 

WENMAN, TUnMAR.HBCondVtsL'otrsT 
WsKHAN (ir^l-l»W), l(oni in l'»9fl, was tlw 
eldecL «on of Sir lUoliard WenmAn, lirM vU- 
oount, bv bio first wife, ARnes. 

Tlio fdtlii-r.Sra rtiniARD Wi:s«Av(l.'57.t- 
1&40), born in 1&7^, wa» llie tiMast sou of 
Sir TbonuA Weumnn id. ]o77) of Tliain>> 
Park, Oxfonlitbipr, by Liit vrifu Juiit.', daiigb- 
U^ of WiUiann W>at, first |nnl Ue !-a Warr 
(nf tbe aerond nr«aLiori). Hv niatri[:ulnti>d 
U Oxford on 8 IVc- IW" u 'Mr. Cane's I 
BcbolAr.' llo bplinvfd with rrent fuUanlry 
at thp takint; of Cadix In l'i96, whnti h*^ 
8ervt*d n* a volunteer, and woa Vtii(rfited by 
the Earl of ]-^ss«x. He was retunwd to pttr- 
jJuaenL for Uxfordsbire ou 'Xi IVc. liv20, 
and sffiiiin in Itti^tV. In 1627 he iu;t«<l u^ 
sberitl for Oxfordshire, aud in the follow- 
ing ymr by Uucrs pntent, dat«d SO Jtilv 10^» 
woBcrOBtwl Uaron Wuomiu of KilmainhaED, 
CO. Mealb, and Vtu-ount WAnman of Tuam. 
Ha died on 8 April 1640, and was buried 
■tTwyfiircl on 7 April. Ilia ]y>rtrait is in 
theManrion House at Thamt' J'ark. Iluwa« 
four timtM married. His first vriU; A;^iv<, 
is noticed below. By her he hnd two aui^ 
viviiig sons — Tbonms and PhLlip (d, 20 April 
ItiOH}, who Euccocdcd as third vincnunt — 
and four datightcn!. AftiT her death, he 
■waa ntfl-rried on 4 Nov, I6IH at St. Bar- 
tliolomuw th« Uroat, London, U> .\licv. 
■widow of Kobi-rt Cliamberlavn*', a lady of 
aome wealth. His third wtfp, li^liiabt-th, wa» 
ban«d at Twj-ford on 27 April 1029; and 
Hilfonrth wife, Marv.datij^htitr and coh«ir«aB 
of TbotDiu Keble o{ Essex, van buried th<MT< 
on 28 July lU-tt*. 

Aos«s'WEj(MAJ((rf. !ei7), th« mother of 
Thomas Wetimau, wafl the fldesl Hiirvirinff 
daughter of Sir Uuurf^u Fonnor of Ea»ton- 
Nontou in Norlhamptonaliire, by his wife 
Tkfary, daueht^r and heiraas of Tbonuut 
Canon. She cumi? of a catholic fninily, and 
is id^ntifipd by thf> lleT. John Morria with 
the lodj at whose house John Gerard (1G04- 
ib37) [q. T.], the jeauit iniMionar]r» while 



diafpiiwd aa a layman, bad a keen discussion 
with Georp Abbot (UieS-IOSS) [q.v.l, Uw 
future archbishop, on the ott^ial #tat«'of §1 
[juritan who tlitvw hirawlf from it rhurcb 
atei-ple beniiiso hi' was n^ftiirrd of salvation 
(MoRttW, Li/f I,/ liertird, IH^l, yy. M't-^). 
Hht- waii u it\ttw\ of Mrs. Klitaoeth Vaiix, 
ibe airier in-law of Anne Vnux [q. v.", the 
ally of fiAmct. In oouaequeum^ nfaoniM 
carre8{K>ndencv betwi,*eu tbvm, suspicitm feUf 
on Ijidy Wenman at tin- timi- of tlm ^in-l 
^owdvr plot, and »ho u»d her husband wova ' 
a<-parat«Iy examined in Decvinber IU(I{>. Sir 
Itichurd Iwiilied that be * didiked Ibcir in- 
Urrvoumt), bvcauBo Ura. Vaux tried to pcr- 
; vert his wife.' Shewoa act at Liberty aft«r 
B short confinement (Cai. filatf Paperi, I)om. 
I(iOa-IO, pp. 2-1(1, 2.>M. 2(IH, 207, 2(18. i>71>. 
She was buried at Twyford on 4 July Ifi]?. 
She is nolewcrtby as the (rantlalnr of the 
works of .lohtiimiM Zononu from the Frvncb 
of Jan (1l- Muumont. The tran(dalioa isjprfr-| 
wrvcd in manuDL-ript in the Cnmbridf^ Cni- ' 
»er»ity Lilimry, in Lwn Ur^e folio volumes, 
anil i^ entitled 'The Hifltoryi.* and Ohro- 
nirli!» of tilt- World. By John Zotiara*. . , . 
Oigesled into thiv«> Brjok*. Uoiie out of 
(Jrvek into French, . . . With Adu* 
inf>nla and Ind>-x of the most mttoiorabli 
thin^ ... for John Farsnt in Saint Jam«s 
StrtHit [U«o St. Jacques, l^ria], »i.».txxxiii. 
And done into I'lntrliBh by the nobl* and 
lenmed lady A^ie* Wuumuii, Eometiine wife 
of . . . Richard Lord Via-UouDt Wenman 
doceaaed.' Thu volumes appear to have been 
transcribed from Lady Wenman'sautognipli, 
of which u purtion (corrected by the person 
who mailv ttu^ tratiKript) is in anothur DDanu- 
scripl in the library (_H^raid and OfnraJtf 
ffitt, IrtOfi, ii. .'i2I-3'). 

The son Thomiu matriculated from Ital- 
liol ColleRe, Oxford, on 23 Nov. 1604, aged 8, 
and entered tho Inner Tcm[j|r- an a ettident 
in 1«1L Ii« wan knijjhu-don lOSept, lfil7, 
and on ] 1 Dec. 1(520 wa* njtumwl to porlta- 
meiit for Itrocklvy in Nortbanipton»hirc, re- 
Uining his seat till Aupiat ia2-'.. lie was 
rvtujuud for Oxfordshire in Fobruarv Iti2&- 
lfi2t;, for llrackUn- on 3 March 102? 8, and 
for Oxfordshire on iS Oct. IttW. On fhp 
outbreak of the ciril war hu vepnuHed the 
parliamentary cause, though with mnch 
moderation (cf. L&dt V'euKur. Mematm of 
the V'-rnty FainUy, 1892, ii. 162). lie evi- 
dtintly deaired puace on a baais nf enmpro- 
miae, and when OharUia advanced on Loodon 
townrdstlie close of I&I2, he was one of thn 
ociiuuiisaionera who mot him al Colnbrook on 
1 1 Ntiv., hearing a prtition from parliamejit 
requ'-stiiiK bim to open negotiationg (Cat. 
State Pi^n, Dom. p. 405). Weiuoan and 



Wenman 



256 



Wenman 



his fellnwcnnnniK^ioneni proceeded to (rxfnrd 
oa 1 Feb. I64:!-3 wilb pro|wcRU for nii 
AoootomodAtion. In 1611 Im wm niijwinti-d 
ft ootnmifoioDer to carry proiwsltinns of pi^iicv 
to tihe kitif^, and W(ii« fi^nin nominate a 
COiaaiUsioiifr nt Cli« •^nd nf (h« v^nr ri.>r tliv 
negoliationit at I'xbiridfrf. His desire for 
pcaco may bavp W'li ((uickviietl by tliu fnct 
that hr. «■«■ n-diiif(I almoM Ki deiitilurion 
owinfi to thfl ni>i(uro of liis eetiLtea by tbo 
rojKtiittii. On H JuTitt bo oblkint^J fn>m 
parliament a grant of 4/. n week for bin 
maintenance until be sbould r^i^in bis pro- 
pcrty (JoumaU ••/ JI(t\u« nf Ct^mtnan*, iv, 
141, 101). <)ii:.>0 Au^. l&lti tbe allowunoo 
waa diRcliar^d by orrlur of tbe boiue (lib. p. 
04(1). In April lt(17 bo was iiorainalod on 
tbd j)nrlinin«Mtary tommiltee apiminted tn 
superintend llio proct'ed ings of itie visitora 
at iho univer»i'y iif I'xford. !]•• waitnlhird 
timf nppoinli'd u pfiiw com niii'si oner, nn 
1 Sfpt, low, I'l tr«>iit with llio king at New- 
port, mid wftM oiii^ nf th? fiirty-one mcinb^w 
wbo voted tbnt tUe terms accepted by 
Cba.rles were sulbciL'nt /roimdn fortln- bnii«>' 
to pnicfi'd Upon, unci for tliis was ' ^t-cludtK! ' 
hv tbe aruiy in Uecwiibir, and commitird to 
cfcinrf imprisoninvut. On bin rrliiasu bu n>- 
liri-!! t" Tbiiriif. There, in 1649, lie ffave 
fthi^ller to Seith Ward [q. v.', who bad liw>n 
driven frotn Cnnibriilfpi for oppoKiiig lb« 
' aoletnn lv'n){ii>- iind covenniil, emplo^ine 
him as bifi nhnptniii. Whim the Insb rebeU 
lion wiM reduced by Ihi: iiarliftiin'iitju'v fom-x, 
lio bwAme on.! of iht* mlvpntim'rp, and, Hiib- 
•tribinif OIXT, he receivf^d h gnint nfn ihoii- 
«BJid ncTwt in tbtt barony of (iarryi'a.'irlr nnd 
Kintf'a (kiuiity. 

Wenman waa returned for Oxfordshire to 
the convvntioii of HW<), and wm intrttducft 
by priiny lo lb« Irish bouse of poent t.n 
1^ Julv IttUl ill saccpsHJou to bis fathi-r. 
He diecl on il.'j Jan. ]fi(!4-B, ami wan buried 
at Twyford nn i'7 Jan. He was succeeded 
bv hi^ brotlier Pbilip. Wi»nmnn married 
Mortrnrot \d. I May IW^I. dau(.'^tw nnd 
cyti'.-ir'.'fSor Kdmuiid Mampdenof Ilartwell, 
HiichinBhomshirp. Dy bt^-r, bcsidL's a son 
Kicburd, wbo diud witUout is.<uu in 1040, 
\\v bad fnur d«ujthter« : Frances, married to 
ItiehartJ Samwell of Upton : PoriLOop(', mar- 
ried to Sir 'fhninaj'Ciivinif St aufon! in Nortb- 
«ini>t«ntiliirf, first baronet; Elizabfth, niar- 
riuu to Sir Greville Vemey of Compton Ver- 
ney, Warwicksliiro; and Mary, marriftd to 
htT L'ou^ui Hir Francia Weunian of Caswell 
in Oxfordflbin-, fir»] baronet. Two portraits 
of Wenman and pi>rtraii~« of three of bis 
clauffhtersartMu tbn ManMonKouseat Tliame 
Park, tbe ri»'iid<'nCR of Mr. Weiimiin Aubrey 
WykiiUam-MusgravB. Somv commondalory 



veraea by Wcnnuin are prefixed la ibe «mooJ 
book of William Urowoe'a * Britannia'i "fa*- 
tonilfi' (London, IS16, fol.) TU poet Wil- 

liam Uaese ur Bas ^q. v.] was hia sprraBt, aad 
dedicat«J to bim 'Grrat Itriltaines Soiin«»> 
set bewailod with a Sbower of Tt;«re« ' (Ota- 
fonl, 1013, lUmoi. 

[Lm's Uiat of Tliarar Cbureb, ISSX. cob- 
39&-0, 434-40.301-2; WilUiV HiaU of Twj- 
fbrd, Xlbi-m. pp. S'JH-M, 836-7, ZZV-AA; 
Lipscomli's Uist.of Biiek)nghain»bii«, iii. 131; 
Wuod'n lli«t.»iid Aatiq.of tbe Uu'tr. uf Oifcrd, 
o'[.Out<:b. ii. 450. fi()l,$4.ti LodRa'a Pomgrol 
Ir^^Iand. c d. Arrhdull. 1 78?, i'. 3S2-4 ; BulaV 
Rstini-tlVciragvs, 18U; Clnt4;'» RcgiAcr of tb« 
UDir.ofOzfurd.ti. ii. 101,277: F(Mt«r*B Aluani 
Oxnn. UOO-iri I ; Hi«l. MS.^. Comm. Tth Be^ 
App. i. 4S5; JanroaU iif tbn Mnow of Lordl, T, 
440. vii. 186. 173, I S7, 1 03, 21 1 . 223. 230, Sit, 
x. fiSfl. M4, 647, Afi3. 57o, &B2, 6»9. 697. 6«l, 
eiO \ LunU LiPulciMiiU uf Oaford>hir«, I0W- 
ISeS. p. Ah; EfelyoH Dtary, ed. Bnj. W. lU; 
Maasnn's Life of Milton, iii. BOS, vi. S3.] 

E. 1. 0. 

'W'ENMAN, THOMAS FRANCrs 
(l74o-17UtJ), regiua profeuor of civil biw tl 
(>.\fnrd, was second son of Philip, sixth tu- 
rtinnt W.^nuian ( 1 7Ut-17(M)), who married on 
IS July 1741 Sophia, e]de.otdAiii:hter and OD- 
hi'irwwofJann-j' 1 U-rb^Tl of Tyshorpe, Oxford- 
Abire. II9 was bom at Thaaif Park, nm 
TUame in UxfonJebire, on I^ Nov. 1715, and 
matriculated from l'iiiver*ity Collejre. ' 
fftnl, on 22 Oct.. 17fl2. He w»» elwtoJ to 
reilowship at All .Souls' Colteffe, Uxfnrd, in 
J'Ho, and took The dcffrcea of B.C'.U (I77II 
and D.C.L. (1780). On 12 May l7tM b( 
was admitted a student of the IntierTftinpl*i 
and in 1770 be was called to the bir. On 
'li Jan. 177!> he was elected F.S.A. 

Fnim 1774 to 1780 Weamau wae membrr 
uf pnTliainetit for llie boroiifib of Wrslburr 
in iViltflbire, Ho wan elected Jie«pfT of lit 
arcbii'eff for Oxford L'nirersity on 15 Jan. 
1761, and w»>? aitpoiiiiisl in 1789 ngitui pro- 
fessor of civil law. In IVcembar 1761 b« 
became the dcpuiy-st«wnrd of tho muroraity. 
\\<i was ono of the few students of □aiuisl 
history at Oxford- M'hile collecting botanical 
sofscimens on the blinks of the<JberweU,ueat 
WultT-Kittoii, on B April 1796, Ii» (ell into 
ill.' rivi'rand was drowned, Ilewas bnripd 
inthecba)ielof .\ll^uU'Col]i>g«on 15 April 

\Wnman br'gTin hli prof eJMor.i hip *witfc 
^.-ailing lecture*", and only deaisted for want 
•if (in awdifncf.' John ^ibthorp [t^. vj^be- 
i|uea(lit?d to him bi» colleciionit for a ' Fion 
trneca ' for completion, but bis dt^tb a frir 
wrulis Inter pnitrcntvd him IVom finisbio^ tbe 
wfjrk (IlurdiVd ' Vindication of Mag<ulefl 
Cnllepe/ quoted in Mi« Qril-LEU-Tuicn's 
Jt^minucenix$ of 0,tfi>rri, IS9:i, p. 147J. 



lod I 

m 




Wensleydale 



»ST 



Wentvvorth 



the botiw of llie wutlt>t) of All8oiils*CoU«g« 
ftre pmcrrn) miuiv nuiDUscript wrilingH i>v 
bim, conHistiDgof^.itrRctft front archives aocl 
niters and a very useful nc/'iiiint of the m- 
cieiy, iu Iiwtorv, it« offices, &»d it» property. 

[ Wood'i OiforJ Cu1l«^'M,»d. Outeli, appetidix 
pp. 187. 2SS; Wo(xI'«UDiT.of Oit'ord,*d.O>iwIi. 
II. ii. 8ft9. B09, tfiu. USI : Foetsr'a ilura&i Ozon. 
I71ft-188«: Coi'a Oxford Recoil eocit)D<i. pp 
JI-4; Lp*'» Jhnmt ClioiTh. p. 43S: Nirhi.tnV 
Illast. of LJt. ir. 787: Genl, Mjir. 1790. i. 357: 
Lodge's Irif^h I'ocnige. hI, An-hdAll, ir. 398; 
iRfomintinn frntn i^ir W. R. Anaon.) W. P, C. 

WEKSLETDALE^BiBOs. [SeePAKKi, 
James, 17H2-I6fi8.] 

WBNTWOBTH, CK.VliLKS WAT- 
SON-, Micond MAiuins os Jiocsixnii&v 
(1730-1785). [See .WA,r»6S-\VBi(TW0RTH.J 

WENTWOBTH.HKNUIiriTA .MARIA, 
Babi^infjw WKxrwuETii (!6.j7?-16)^H), mia- 
treas of ihe IJiiku 'if Muninoutli, liurn in nil 
probabilitT IowkHs the close of 1(i>*i7, won 
tli» only cJiild of Sir Thomaji Wonrworth, 
bAnin Wentwonh (IfilS-IHRfil ^<\. v.], bv 
I1ul»d«l(.liiii (rf. 4 May I69B), dim(rbt«r of 
fiir Ferdinnndft Caivr. ' On the dcatli of hpr 
gmodfatlier. Sir TIiomaB Weiitworl h, fmin li 
baron Wi-nitwortli of Xi'ttlest-iad and timt 
earl of Cleveland [i\. v.], sbe sucLfodt'd lo 
the barony of Wentwortli. The uiirly ywir* 
of LadT Wetitworth appear ro liavfi bwn 
MMed al ttie family tnaaur of Toddin^on in 
B«dfordBhiTv. In l>(weinbi>r lft74 Aw i* 
bjiwrd of at court as tiUcinif parC in & ma^iiup 
Cklldd 'Oalialo, or ihn chiwtn Nympli.' by 
Joliii CrowiiB (cf, 1)rti>K!4. li'orfu, t-d. Rrott, 
X.337). Till' nrinr>'iuwH STsry and A cini-, Sarali 
JeaningBi ana other court. Iadiv>< v-oro .*wn in 
UiM iMftque. "The Lady IteiirieTtn. Weot- 
worth' pcnwinaU'd ' .lupitprj in lovo with 
Calisto,' and ' on)^ of til" ineii ttjal dnnct'd' 
vnA llin DiiUp of Monmnutli, who had bwtn 
introduced to Ilenri'.'lta by Iim firet coiuin, 
John Lovf-laci?. third baron Ijovidacn [rj. v.] 
Monmouth bad ulri'sdy had an intrtjme vitli 
Eleanor,dau([ht<>rofSirKoK'rtNe»»dliJ(m,by 
whomkewaslatlier»fl[enriot.CAr'mft9(nfte]^ 
wards Duch^Hit of Bo! ton^i and nther issue : bis 
intiraa^'V with Tjidy Wentworl h probably had 
it« origin about the time of the pvrfornwnci- 
of thi-1 majH^ne. Early in IfDM) it would bj>- 
pearthat Lady WentWorth abruptly witli- 
drftw from the court with bw molht-r, ii 
design bein^ on foot jiut then to many the 
youn^ baronoM to thw Karl of Thiui«l. ' But 
the propOHod match apnearci to have fallen 
through, or may indewl iiave been frustrated 
by ^lonmuiich'a follOTvini; the tsiliefl ro Tod- 
dington, n*lii.>r« bvncefortb, as an old plan of 

VOL. IJ[. 



the bouM tesiifies, the naniM * the Duk« of 
Monmouth's Parlor'and ' the Lady's Parlor' 
were (liven to two Ponliffuou* npartmenta. 
To Toddia^on Monmouth fled in June 1693 
upon lh«i diw-orcrj' of the Rye Ilnuse plot, 
harly in Ifif^l Ilenrietth croncd tbs aea to 
join Montnotitb. and was received at t\i% 
Haj^ie by thi> priner of Orange aa the doke^s 
mintrefls. Towards the close of 1684 she 
waa back again in Enj^land, probably with a 
Ti«w to rai»in|7 niunt-y, and Slumnouth doubt- 
less aaw a good deal of herduring-his fd'altby 
visit in Novomber IftW (Li/e a/ Jamef ll, 
\.1M). Httdi^v Weiitworlh wondud the 
mggastion of WiHkm that her Iovit fthoitid 
repair to tlu' impi'rial camp in Eluntfitry and 
tasfl part in the war against the Turks, 'there 
can be little doubt liiat there would havu 
been no MoniDOiLth expedition; but the ap- 
pears to have wished to sou him a king, 
and hor renlA, \ivt diamonds, and Iit^r i^redit 
werv pluct-d at hi« dispoKul with this object. 
Fordf, lord Grey, htateit thai in Ajiril I6fi5, 
disappointvd in the arrival of 6,<)UD^. from 
Kitglntid. Monmouth l>on-iiwi;d tli<.' money 
from a Dutch merchant, thr" biilti of the 
Kwurity b«-itiE th.- gtwdis of Lady Wt^ntworth 
and her rontopr (Ne-cft Huf,) When Mon- 
mouth wae captured after Sedgmoor, OD 
ft July, an nlbum wfl« found upon Li* person 
containing some doggerel rhymes about the 
bowers of Toddington (for an account of 
thiM album st» Chnmhrrifn Jcarnal, 10 Jan. 
1850). Oil (be scatTold, n few days later, 
Monmouth maintained that hi.* connection 
wilb Lady VV'eiitwortli wue blamek'ss in the 
eyes of God, He bad been marriitl, hn Kaid, 
whuQ but a. child, and be bad never cared for 
his ducIiesH; Henrietta had mclniiiied him 
from u UcentiuuB life; he remained fnithful 
to bur, mid, t.nrning to ibe crowd, he ex- 
claimed chat Bh» waa ' a lady of virtue and 
honour, n very virtuous and godly woman.' 
Onu of liiH liiet acte ww to request one of 
the attendants to convey a luviuorial lo hw 
(RoBBRTi«,ii,]4+;' An Account of what pas jed 
at the Kxecutiou of the Didtu of Monmoulb, 
IBJnly 16fW,'&>ra*i-* Tmet*,ix.2iKI}. 

Im^v Wuutworth HccmE to have remained 
la Holland, aa towards Hiv nud of Julv she 
deFpalched a servant thence with a letter to 
Sir William Stnitb, and her messenger was 
nrrestM by the mayor of nover and sent to i 
London on 3 Aug. WS5. She probably re- ' 
Cumi?d to England n tittle lat«r, and she died 
on 23 April l«t*0. On 30 April gho was 
buried Ln Toddington church, where (in thn 
north tranwpl) an vlaborat^e monument was 
raised bv her mother. A mcirn touching 
memorial wad her name, long traceable, aa 
carved by thu band of Monmouth upon a 

B 



Wentworth 



is« 



Wentworth 



statpk oali vrbioh still growi bard by tbe 
manxion wt TwWinglon (for « vii*w nf lh« 
^tonmoiitb Onk in 1890, 8■^^^ M'ltittrorth 
f^mifj/i p, IIIO). The barony p«Ksril to Ht'ii- 
rit^ttit's ount, AnTi«. Imly I-oveUfn (ilie poui'ii 
Lucwia), only ^urTivinji daughter of the 
Karl of CU'VoiloncI, and on her death. 7 ^Ibv 
tlK^. it wm tniiietiiili:(Ml t<>lu>r Kroiuhlaiiirb- 
tor Manila, only surviTin^ rUild of John 
LarvLac.-, lUird lord Lovalneu vt Hurloy. 

A fliM- iKtrtrnit by Knoller wat eogravcd 
by R. Wiiliams, and ia reptnducud iu Kut- 
r«n'« 'Wentworth Fmnily'di. ItW; cS.?!atf» 
nnd QiuriM,9th sfr. ii.12), Avi^ry^ia^imilar 
portrait vrrui entfraved by W. Itichnrdson >fl«r 
nil 'iriginnl dati'd I'SiO, And aflcribed lolifily. 

[But loa'i Fittnily of Weatvorth, LodJv'II. 1 801 . 

fip, IQSNq. 1 Wnit.worttrK Wenl*orth OaD«a- 
njnr, BiiBtiin. Itt7$, i.43; Miivvllanwi aen«a1cig. 
L-t Humid. 1 88-1. acw wer, Iv. 8-11 ; BnniM'a Owd 
Tini6.i.C3fl. 8ti; Krnlyn "it Diary. IS July I6S«: 
Siiiney'a Diarj. rd. Illpncoiira ; Foi's l.ifo nf 
.Tam«s TI. IS08, y. 366 : Robertn'ti Lif« of 
HoTiDiouUi. i. 17T. ii. 339 : Woliroofl'B M«moirB. 
1702, p. S.n ; Curtwright'ii Snctuiritn. fp. 333. 
ilS: Mamular'a Hitt. of Entttaod. 1808. i. ■S>1d, 
(136; aTangi>r'a Biogr. HiBt.of Kngland.iii.SI' ; 
liiat. KSS. Ccinim. 7th Brp. App. pp. 204 Mq.] i 

T. S. I 

WENTWORTH. Hm JOIIN Cl"*!"- 
1H:J(I), MLu-o'iinivi'Iv n'*T>?f^ior of ?i'fW Ilamp- 
niiim and Nfiva Scotia, baptiflf^d on 14 \ng. 
I7.t7. wax the Bori of Mnrt Ihinking Wuni- i 
worth (I7(K3-17Sf»), a wMllhy mprehant of 
I'nrtamoutli, New IlampshirL', by bis wife | 
~iliEiibt<tIi . dniigbtitr of John Hindgn of 

)rt«moiitli. 

The New I liimni'liin' family of Wpnl- 
TTorth wM d*-riviifi fntm W'ii.i.i&H Wbnt- 
W&KTil (lOltJ-UW'l, baptised at Alford, 
IjiufrolnFthire, on li'> March Kilfi IH. He 
waa tlio I'ldfst eon of William Wontwortb 
of Uiifuhv in the same county, by his wifp 
Snflftniiftb, dnuKhter of Edward Ciirtcr and 
widow of ITihur Mftming:. Uc hrld strong 
nnritnii viaw.t, and woe a firm friund of John 
WlnT'lHT-idbt, tV Ticar of BiUby, « nittKli- 
fofiiirinp TillttBi*. who was a man of like be- 
lief*. To avoid persecution, thdv emigrated 
to Itiston tojjctbiT in 1 ftiW. But twn there 
they failed to find toleration, for Wlicel- 
wri^ibt embraced the opinioiLi of his sister- 
in-law, Anne HMtchin.*on f'j. v.], and was 
banislied from thf town in Sovembir 1037, 
Tn th*^ fnllnwinff year Wuntworth joined 
liim in founding ih" m-tlU'mi'ut of Kxftpr in 
New TI™nip*hire nn lands purchased from 
tbc Indians. In UHl, howi-rer, Ex«ter wns 
included in the ni/issAehiMott^ terriToty, and 
'\\Tit";lwriirIit wns" obliged to remoT® to 
Well* in Maine, whithff bis faithful &ioDd 



Wentwnrth accompanied hira. In I 
VVi^nt worth i^in t«moT«d to Dorer.a pi 
thi-n in 7lfBj¥«cbiiMtt«, biit al>«rwartl9traw- 
ferrvd to N»w llampahine, wbicb k« buuIp 
bin permanent abode. He becfla* rulitif; 
elder in tbv cLurcb therv. In ItitlO^w' 
an old man, he aa\'ed Heard's g^arriaon fi 
a mosKM-re plaanwl by ibo natirsa, 
eorerin^ that Indiana were bfiti)^ sdnsi' 
by traachery durintr tb« darkness of ni, 
bw droTe tliRm bark Mngli^batided, uid 
ib«i dour of thu fort till aaaistance oame. 
died at Dover on Irt March ICSe-T. 1«a 
a numerous family. 

lib descendant, John Wentworth, 
dilated B..V. at Harvard rollej^e in 17 
procraUin^ M.A. in 171^!^, and 
early aaaociated in liis father'a bu«in«M 
Portamoutb. ]ii*f(>n> 17'v'J he was eeot 
England to look after the iiitMrvKla ot 
firm, and on ibu passage of tbe Stamp 
ill that, year hf and the agnnt for the 
vince. IlarlftW Trecothielt. were intm^' 
to use their influence for it.« repeoL 
1 1 Aoe. I7tifi he was nominated so%-error 
New Ilamiiahire, in place of oia 
Benning W entworth (ie9«-1770), and 
'Burvoyor of tbc king's woods' for all No: 
America. Before embarkinj; to take up 
poTernon'hip he receiviv! the honorary d»- 
([n«« of D.tl.lj from Oxford irmvemitv ia 
1:! Au^. 176t). Hi' landed at Charlastown ia 
South Carolina in March 1707, and trmTetk-4 
throitf^b the continent, reffistering bia rom* 
misaion aa surveyor in eadi of tJie ooloiuec, 
and reaching IVirliimnKth in June. 

In fape of the widejipread dlsaffertion 
Wentworth found hin office of ffotemor 
arduous: the discontent otihe raloni»tA 
mon* uciite, and his dilHeidtiea incn 
Alt hougli he considered the ta\ca imposed 
the home Kovcrnineal impolitic and o;^ 
Klr<>, mid did all in his power to obtain 
repeal, lie wished to prowrvo the colony 
loynity to thn crown. He wrote Urgent n- 
mnn.'dronccn to the home frovcnunenl, and 
endearoiired to miiintain internal tnMjquiUiiy. 
His popularity wa.i (nt»t in the early sta^ 
of the revolution, and «ft»T th" imposition 
the duties on papcT, plftw, painters' colon 
red and white lead, and tea by Townshe 
in 1767, he had sufficient inflnonce to 
vent the adoption of a non-iinportatioB 
fim-eemt^nt in I'ortamoiith until 17 lO, whtfi 
inp mercliants of tho other coIaniM 
threatened to ceaur trade Uiileaa an aaaoci*- 
tinn werp formed. Wentworth even fbtmd 
time for improvin(; the internal odministia* 
tion. dividing the pmvinr<* into conntiw 
ill 1771, and abolishing the paper currency, 
a relic of the French war. ^\"hvn the li 




my. 

>iir^H 




Wentworth 



»59 



Wenhvorth 



attempt wm miwltt rn fon-n the rnlnnioM la 
neeire tm from tb« Ymsi IndieA, h^ profited 
br the ni^1«ct of tlid home Rovernmpnt ta 
gtrs him definite itutructions, ntid piir- 
Miad^ tbe consignee to par the duly and 
m-cbip the cst?o to IlBlifiiJc. Ilis inflticncc, 
however, was waninu;. Un^Junjj 1774 hv 
dinolved tho New Uampaliirf! nAfltrmblj at 
I'ortsnioutb bwwuo th* memben! bud nomi- 
nsted h «immitt«e to concert action witJi 
tbc 01 her culoniee, but ho wan unablo to 
hindf-i* thft nwiAnibly from im«'tini{ prnTiti'ly 
un (J July. Deapite bia MnionBtraiirw, the 
liMMiniMy nrranfT^il a convention at Exel^r, 
wbere,on '21 July, two rUiDitic^'wi-rv choH^n 
to reprftSBiit \ew IlampiitiiTe at tlii; general 
cnnffrens of the colonif^. In tbc Autumn hf 
finallyruinedhiipopuhintybyundcavourinjr 
secretly to procure Ubourera for (lenerul 
ThomKB Q»gv (1721-1787) [q. v.] to build 
bUTacka al Boalon for tlM> troopm nn*>r th« 
Musochusett* workmen bad refused to work 
for him. The camniittrrr> of safety hadWvnt- 
woTtfa's agent hroTight before them anrl rmn- 
pHlIed him lo tomke 'a hiiinble acknowlud^:- 
ment.' fhi II Dae. an »rmH body ofp^^oplo 
seiied Fort WiUianiftodMarv'( now Fort Con- 
«eitation) on Ore&t Island, at the mouth of 
Fartamouth harbour, and carried oflT iu 
nrniiiinent. On Ijy l-Vb. 1775 Wi-utwonb 
tJKued wriis for calling n genural ftA^mbly, 
but, 6ndin[f that many of tbu rin||;l(iadtfrfl in 
the attnok on tbo fort hud be«'n retunied, 
lie poitponed tbo invulinir by nroclamation 
until 4 May. On 12 July tW ii»i«'-iiilily 
dxpelled three members sDinmnned by the 
governor's writi from new towns, nnd one of 
them was taken from Wi^ntworth's liou.ie 
bv llw poptalnte and driven out of the town. 
Wentworth, cnn,"iidcrine himself in danger, 
retirei) to the fori, and sub^tKimmtly to a 
wnrHhip in the harbour. Ili.s hoiiae waa 

Stllairea, and he took p;fup» nt Boston, uftor 
Mlario^ the If^ialaturu adjourned till 
38 :4opi. In SefAember he issued a pro- 
clamalton from the Title of SlinAlspmrofjruinf; 
the usembly until April, This was bis 
last official ad , for on fi Feb. 177B the state 
oongresfl at Exeter resolved ' to form an in- 
dependent Rovemment, owine to the sudden 
and abrupt departure' of Wentworth and 
soreral of the council. On 7 Fob. 1778 lie 
embarked for Europe, and in the same year 
the assembly forbade lit» rotum and con- 
fiM*t«d his pn^rty. Dunnn hi* p>vtinior- 
sliip ho waa st^tb in edupatinnal matters, 

Sromoting; with tlu* (frratent lenl the foun- 
ation of Partmnuth Collf^e at Hanovw in 
1770 [wT Lbogi!, William, eeaond Eakl 
op DartmoithI. lie received the dejrrco 
|.qf D.C.L. from the coUego iti 177.3, and a 




like degree from the uuiversitjr of Aberdeen 
in the ssme rear. 

Though Wentwnrlh i>uf)Vr>.'«l much from 
the reTolacioii, ha retuin«.>d no pergonal n^ 
ccntmeiit again«t iIa li^nder*. .lulin Adams 
relatefl that he met him in 1778 at a theatre 
in Paris, and was (jreeted by him with 
the greatest cordialitr. Tic rc«ided in or 
near I<ondoii until 17^X when he received 
a new commiasi«n as Burreyor-generol of 
tliv Iuhe's wuudH for all Xorth Amurica. 
lie euiharki^ for Halifax on 12 Aujr., and 
utilil 17l*^ was tnceesantly en^uoed in the 
duties of h'm olhcv, visiting the lew culti- 
vated parts of Xortli America. 

On 1-1 May 1 79 J ho was sworn Iie»- 
t«nant-goremor of Nora Scotia under I^ord 
UorcbeMter, goTemor-^reneral of all the 
Xorth American provinces [see Cablbtox, 
f^ur, lir»t Lord Dobohbrbb]. Both 
Uorchenter and tlm Duke of Kent allowed 
him much favour, and the duke, ou luaving 
Halifaic in 1800, gave hiui hi* hou»» 
known as ' Prince'ii I^dgv.' On 16 May 
1 Tdo he was creatw) a h.tronot , and un 
16 June 17f>S he was honoured with the 
priTilegfl of wearing in the chevron of his 
urrns two keya im an embli^m of bin fidelity. 
His adminietration in Nova Scotia was 
vigorous, and personallv he was popular ; 
but he was accused of filling bis council 
with his own connections, and Towards the 
end of his govcmmi^nt ho was involred in 
Ecvunil differences with the aseemblT. He 
was Bueceeded bv Sir George Pteroet 
(1767-1816) [q. v.) in 180B, receiving a 

fi^nsion of MOl. a year, lie dii^d at Tlali- 
ax on B April ISlfO, and waj! buried in St. 
Paul's Church, Fialifiix, whi-rt- a marble 
tablet wa-» erected to his memory. 

Wentworth married, on 1 1 Nov. 1769, at 
Queen's Chapel, Portsmouth, his coosiit 
hVuuci-s, daughter of Samuel Wentworth 
and widowof TheodoraAtkinsoD. Shedied 
on 14 Feb. 1613 ut Uuiiniiiij lu Berkshire. 
By her he had one surviving son, Cbarlea 
Mary (177&-1844), on whoso death the 
baronetCT became extinct. 

Sir Jolin Wentworth's portrait, unRTSTed 
by IT. W. .Smilb from a psintinz by CopInTi 
is in the ' Wentworth Genealogy.' His 
coirespondenco from irW to 180^ in nine 
volumes of manuscript is now among the 

Siihlic Tvcurdi^ at Halifax. His corteBpoa- 
i^nice conoerning the foundation of Ilait» 
month Collcgu is in poe»etsion nf theoollege. 
[J. Wenlworlh's Wenturorlh QenMlogy, BoB- 
lon, 1 67't ; OoUni-'tiuEiiof ihaTfaw Hampshire Bist. 
Soe. iii. 107. 283. 389, iv. 131, v. 2a&. 23*. rii. 
231. 33A. ix. ftfi, B7. 7;i, 31H-63; Chase's Hist, 
of Uartmmith CoUvgc, ai. Lord, 1891, vol. i. 

a2 



Wenhvorth 



afe 



Wentworth 



rurin ; Belkasp'a flirt, of New llMnpahir*. ad. 
nraar, ISIli MeClifitoek'«Uut.of KvwBuip- 
riiinv I&89: Hanl'a HUt. of BorkiBgbuD and 
Sindibrd Coanti**. !f*v lUmpililr*. 1883. p. 77; 
Ihriclit'i'Tnt«l>itiN««EiigtiiBd.lS23.iT. \ti; 
Vtlfmfm CooiMadiau HwL of N*v EagUiMl. 
lS94,i*. 427-9: Mardocli's UtaLol NonKcaO*. 
lUi.iii. 100-29); l]iat.MSa.C(itiiMi- ItihRcp. 
kpft. X. triilrs.] E. L C. 

WENTWORTH, PAl'L (I533-)5U3), 
p&rliuneDt&ry leiid*>r. boro In 1533, w&a the 
Ihinl r-rm nf Sir NicbnlaA Wrntwarth, antl 
Tnunir^r brotlter of Pel «t W^-ntworth ''ij. v.] 
lie acuuirol Bumham Abbpv bv Iii* muriti^ 
^irilJi nt'leo, <Uiifhter n( fiirliard A^nn- 
of lleston. Midcite«». tml widow 
of William TjIdMler. to whom the ibbeir, 
formerly • TOnveni of It«nedic(ine nniM, bM 
b«Gn gruit«d at ih<< diMoiution. He al«o 
bald |iroporty Id HunLiogdottsbLra uid near 
Biukingauii. 

Dnrtiir the ioauiiy of 1 odl by the bishops 
u to tn4 afFttcLutn or diaallVction of Inf 
countrr ppnTr, Wentworth was ceni6<>d 
u oov of ' thow eamwt in rvlipiun and fit 
to be trutfed.* He w»a wtumMi for Burk- 
iogfaain to the puliamenl which met on 
1 1 .tan. IMS-3, ud in ISWi' ihoM two |n«at 
busiaeaaes of ber majesty's nwrriage sad 
decUring a auoc^r»cor comioff into af^tfttion,' 
Vaal Wvntwortb and oihors * tund in gwM 
libertT of ipe^ch b« <I concvire) was nvv«r 
lUed in my . , . souion . . . b^ore or eince ' 
(IKKwzs), llii- ijui-vn UD & Nov. hud n<- 
OCiT«d a petition from |)«rliamfnt drudring 
ber to marry and name a suoceeuir. Sh« 
r>itarnocl an pvaitivc rrply. (hi H >'ov. t.h« 
Hduw of Cotnmonfl renvRd thf! ciaitf^r, and 
OD thv 9th tbn vicf-chamberlnin, 8ir FraQcifi 
Knolly* 'n. v.l.dpclap^d th* qD«ftn>comnand 
to proceed no further io their suit. At the 
next 5ittinpof thchmisp.on .Monday, II Not. 
IW6, Weiiimonh. by way <>f motion, dMinid 
to know whether the queen's command wem 
not tgaiiiBl thcli)jortJL-eiu)d privilf^i'sof the 
hotiae, and thtrininon nroN« divt^nn- arfpi* 
menta which conrinued froui tiitie of the 
clock in tlf mriminff 111! (wnof the clnck in 
tbo nftemnon, whfn the d-'bate was nd- 
jounjed(ift.; cf. FKorcK). This is probably 
the first in^tnuitt' of an adjmirnira debate. 
Oamden, in his 'Annala,' cbarg^s l*aul 
Wentworth with 'rending the qiiiwn'A 
authority too much, and inntting that a 
•overeifrn is bound to iiotne a aurct«»»r.' ' 

On tbt' r*xt day, 1 '2 Nov.. there wm « 
Moond in«Hitiie fnijn the qitvcn forbiddio); a 
nnewal of the difwus-iinn in ibp hnuse, but 
*"int^''"K 'h^l iny member who was dis- 
BAtislied nriifi had fiirtbi-r r«-osons to eive 
ahould go before tb« privy council and sbow 




tb«m tb»r«. On 3& Nor. the spe«livr 
dued the quMn's ptF«eiir« to be t^ rtntil 
h«r two toxmer ordr'n 1 U'Kwes). T1m> (xmd- 
UMioi thea igieed (o stir no more in l^ 
tmtter that Maaion. T1m> comprotaiw was, 
oa Ao whole, • rictor; for Wcntwortb ud 
the faouae. 

From 1572 to ISKa Wentwortb vt> 
in«inb> r fur LuJceerd. On 21 Jan., ibe 6nt 
biuincsailnv of cbe K«iuuof I&81, hr taadit 
a tnotioa £>r a public Can aad for daily 
prrachinK, * tlw preachinfi to b« citTT moni' 
inp at wren o'dnch before the hoiwe did 
sit, that to tbey beginnin); thvir proceed! 
with the service and wor&hip of UnA, 
nuRht the better bleaa tbem in all iheirc 
saltations and action?.' Sir Francia Knoll; 
[q. V.]. treutirer of the bousetiold. a: 
the motion, but ou a dinsion it was 
by IK) to 100 fD'Ewxs). On Monday ilia 
:!3rd th« speaker waa aeut for bf ibtf ^umd 
earlr in tSuf monung, and could not md 
tlw ^ottw till 1 1 AM. He then dinvted till 
the whole house should be in atti'ndanec 
next day, Tiie^'lny, at 8 a.m. On the Ultn 
ooeasion he di^-Iari-d biroeelf poht.' for the 
accident that had bappentd on Saturday is 
n-solt-iofT to hare a pnblic ftst, showing tbtt 
the i|ue«n greatly mialiked the proceMinf. 
The vice-chamberlain dcliTered a mMM^ 
fniu ihv <|Ut>eii r«pTovin); the * undutifal pn- 
ceedina of the house, but con»iruing the 
said orooeeto proceed of ic&l, and itapulio; 
the cause llieruof partly to her own leniiiucT 
towards a brother [Le. I'etcr WentwortJil 
of that mui [i.e. Paul Wt-ntwiKlh] wliic& 
now mnil« thill motion, who in the lojil aesaioiL 
wa.i by this bouse for just caase repreben 
and commitliHl, but by ber majnty 
ciously pardnnfd and rentor«l a^UL* 
a speech from the compln>IW of the 
hold, the bouse submitii!^. 

In \iH9 Wentworth, in b letter to the 
queen praying for a further nnd lon^r lease 
of Bumham Abbey, staivs that the quaes. 
ha<l abown her confidence in him by ood- 
mittin^ to hi? charge a; his hou«o at Bum- 
ham 'the IbI'- Dukr of Norfolk.' The not* 
of the queen's tiiply at the bottom of 
letler says, ' Hf r ninjwly most princet 
cnlliof^ to mind the Inn^ nnd dutiful s^ 
of this suppliant, her luRliness's servant, hi 
loTsI care, tnsubtr And charge, at the coi 
mittiu^ of thi! late Duke of Norfolk to 
houHe, most Rracioualv did conAeut ' {Oat 
Hatjieid }fSS. iii. 45t). In 15{H) he was 
grantt<d a. leautt of Uiimham for thirty-one 
years. 

"Wyntwortb dii-d in iraW. His will, dated 
in the :if.ih F.liaabeth |.1-'>^-->'t), \» a gt^ 
example of the puritan style «t ita beM. 






Wentvvorth 



i6i 



Wentworth 



to bin irife all his cnfwn Igkmw in the 
property 'of th« Inw (tiwtilvKl monastery' 
of uuruliam, and the reclonw of Itomyu 
(or Dornev)iuid Bumhjim, adeI mnnv otlier 
thing). Itte manor of CU-wer anJ L'lwwerV 
Court. ADd his Berkshire property, ho left 
to }u4 toa Vvlvr. IIv Ictt lar^ aums of 
money lo bi« duuffht^rs, making them come 
of ngtiat t wi>nty-livi'. Tlio inquisition uftvr 
dmth M (]nl.>a :!fJlli Kiixniwih (U>0^-4). 
Eitliisr Wentworth nr his upiihew Paul 

[»*PHtli)erWKXTW01<TH,PBTKR, lil.'iO-'-KdKi' 

was ibe anilior of rlit^ famous deTotiutial 
work, W'entworth'e 'The Miscellanie, or a 
K«gc«triv and Mcthodtcoll Dirwtonc of 
Qrieoas,' publiithud in 1615 (London, 4to, 
- IfBrtM ) and dedicatt^d to King Jau]t<i>. 
Thurv an.- L-upieit iii [bu Britiitfi iUu»f!um 
and lh« iJodleJHn Library. A third copy 
boloD^ei) to Mr. John A\'t>ntwortL, mayor 
of Ulunaj^, and was burnt in the Cliicngo 
fire of 187L 

[('•I, Siaie Papers, Dom. ptisnim: Cul. Uat- 
Aald MS».; Aae of thir ?nvr CooDcil, ed. 
DaMnI: D'E«»'a Jourtidla; ilutlun* Three 
BmnehcM gf tba W^niwonlt Fmiiily ; Ji>hn 
Wentwonh'a Weiittrorili GnnnLlogy, English 
•Bd Americnn, flret privainly printed in (iro 
TolumcB, nnd thitn |)iililin!»<t in threv voJiiinrm, 
Boston, 1B7S. ^vu; fome nuthoritiv* ultribuie 
to PhuI Wetilworlh thn tipiN-i^h of 311 April 1A7I 
■bout tha clianicloon [nc VVi^-ciiviiiitx. Pktkii]. 
* Ur. Wanlworth ' is often mcd in the ' T'^rliu- 
■ncutivtj Bivtory' nhon both Puler nnil Paul 
were ruambom.] C. W. D. 

WE NTWORTH. Pl-n'EK < l.J3i>?- 159*3 ). 
DArtiutiii^aturv I'/adi-r, born ahi>ut lo-HI, wna 
acacL-udi-d from lb« WwntWDrthe of Mi'ltle- 
nUuitl, SHffdlli [i-w' undtir Whmtworth, 
Thohab, lifBt ItAitiJS Wkxtwokth]. His 
fntJirr, ^ii^ Nicholm ^\'.'iil worth (rf. 1557). 
held the office of rbiff iwrtcr of CalaU. 1I« 
IH Tarionsly Mylwl cbitd' porter, luuHter porter, 
or knight porter. lie wa.^ kniphtt'd bv 
Henri,- VIIT at llie »ie({« of Houlo^riif, l-Vli, 
and died in LV>7. lie married the M.tti^r 
of Sir Tboma« Jw^ulyn, K.D.. and 1L\l'J iil 
LilUnffstone Lovell, t.'hi-»;ft detarln-d bit of 
OxforosLin-Burpjund^vlbyBuckiD^hiLmKhire. 
Lady Wpulworili ■iirvivetl tti liv" wjlh lii'r 
younffpr son, Paul Wentworth [*j. v,l, at 
Buralmm Abbey, and wa* buried m Bum- 
ham church. 

ii^irNidiolBe'e eldest son. Pet erV^'entwortb, 
•UCJ^ewird to Lillingnnm- Diircll, Iturkin^- 
hamebirv, which Sir Nicholiu bud hrld only 
tor cl(TVi-n j*ears ( bv exchange with Ibe kiiig 
for biada in Nortliamptuuahin?). His fin-t 
wife wan Letitiu, daughter nf Sir Italpb 
Iahu of ilorton, by Maud Parr. Br^c couain 
of Queen Kathi<riu« Parr. Hut long bofo^(^ 



bit father'a death Peter hid married faia 
aecoad wife, Elisabeth, sister of Sir Fraacia 
Walsinehnm [ip v.], and aunt by marriags 
to Sir Philip t^dney [q-v.] aad to Itobert 
Uevereux, second earl of l^raex [q. v.] 

Id 1571 Wentworthwss relumed to parliJk- 
meiit for Uarnstaple. He continued to sit 
in the House of Commona for twenty-two 
>eai^ throufi^b fit parliam«nt», repretwotiug 
hucceaftively UanuUiplQ,Tregonr, and North- 
amptoo. Ho waa curt«iaty over forty when 
firat electa to the hou*e inlAil. On 2U April, 
on the fitBl n>adiae of u ' bill for fui^tivea 
or eiwh at were tii.'d beyond the Hva without 
licfifloe,' ho attack)^ ^Mr Humpbr^v Gilbert 
[q, T.] lor a speech delivered od l4 April 
ileprucating interferons by the bou»'! with 
ihv prvrogttlivi'. ' lie nottnl' iillben's 'diir- 
poaition to ftatler and (awn upon thepnrco,' 
oumpanng him to ' the citainvlt-ou ivhicb can 
change hi raaelf into allcotour:<auvin|;; wbitt^; 
I'Ven BO . . . this reporter can cban^u biui^ulf 
into all fnitliioiiK bi^l humility.' He declared 
that Gilbert's epeefb woe on Injury to the 
Iiouxe, that it tended Ut no ulW^r rrnd than 
to * inculcate fixir into tliorie who should bo 
free,' aud ' reauested care for the credit of 
cho houM, and lor tht mftinten&nne of {nm 
apeech, to preserve the Itbectin of the Louw, 
and to reprove Uan^invoighiu); grMtly 
out of ibe HcripturiM and otberwiM against 
liars.' 

Went worth wciA a member of a committM 
on a bin by wbieh several of the Tbirty-nino 
arLicb!s wero nyected, and on 1^5 April six 
membun were appoiiitttd to utlund ihu bjcU- 
bi»hup of Canlorhury for an.'tivt-r touching; 
malteniofreli^oni IVEwEs; 8THyt't:...4nnfl/'(). 
'Tbe aaid Mr. \\eiilworlb (_u ninn of hot 
icmpur nnil impatient for iln* new discipline) 
was one of them, and undertook lo tulk to 
tho archbiebop in behalf of their book that 
they bad drawn, The arohbisliop saked 
" wliv Ibcy did put out of their book . . . th« i 
arlit-lu of thu homilie», and thai for thftl 
CMii-Hecmtion of bishopK, and some olhcraf "•' 
-Vtid wbeu Wentworth bad uuswiniJ, *' B«>- 
cause tlii-r wiTi- MO oixupii'd in Dlln'rmutten 
llmt Ibi-y had no lime to examine vham buw 
Ihey agreed with tho woitl of Ci'jd," tb© 
archhii«bop Tvrplied, " Snrtdy you mistake thM 
matter. I'ou will refer yourself wholly tO' 
UH therein," to which the hot ^utleman pre- 
sently made aiiHwur, " Know, by the faith. 
I beur to Uod, we wilt pass uotiiinfC befoMj 
wo undcrstAnd what it \«. Fur tluit wen^ 
III make yon pi>|HW; makw you popea who 
list, for we will make you none.' (Inhia 
J,i/r lif I'arkrr ^trypo mi«datee thi» iuter- 
Tii?w li')7£, but i^ivra it correctly in hie 
Annah, and is confirmed by Weatwortb's 




Wentworth 



s6i 



Wentworth 



• 




own rtfenate to H in bU qi«i>ch on 8 Fob. 
1676-1-1 Strype fuitliiiir a«y» tlint tlm qwwii 
>d«clnrt-<) that itlie disliked Wc^ntwortli a» 
nudi AS sh9 did tu£ book or bill. 

CoiMMiueDMy tbe quom on ] Mat follow- 
ing KDl. a nwwnge lo the bous« tliat she 
ciiuld not •Ilovr pnrlmmenl to I■k1^ in hand 
the aflain ot tbv diurcli, but, ia spile at ibo 
meaMffe, parliamenl. proceedMl witb tknt- 
eeclesiAJii ical bilU. Thu voiUH^utiiict- vtm 
adtMuJiiliun.Bud a iu)li-nui CJiidetunation bv 
The quefn cf tli(^ arrogance of motnbunt wbo 
nedulvd witb ituilti-ni oiil>iid>* tiudr i>pbi>r<^. 

Doring iW brief a<?»ion of 1572 Wpnt- 
wonh was eo^tred on businew iit m-liirb \m 
and Ibc qn«cn, tbou^li th^T did not n^rree, 
did tiot din«r m> gTt>allyaiiu.bout tbecburcb. 
He wait a mi-niber of the commonft' commit- 
tee OD Ihii casu of lln' Qu«uu of i^tt, ood 
vu present on 1:^ May ftt the conference 
of roinmitteea of tlie iiro hou»«. 

Parliomi-nt, after ibiw uiiil a balf yenn' 
intertnl, met iifjain oi> ** I'eb. lo7'V(5, la 
ordsr to prevent u. puritan majority, many 
alniOMt rxlinot tmruuvliK iiiidcr crown ititlu- 
enoe, esnccially in Devonehire and Corn- 
wall. h«'i bt^n revirrd. Ctiriouiily Knoiigh, 
for one of (ht-ne, Tn^goiw, Wentworth was 
ryturn'^d, pofsibly Ihroinjh the iofiuenr« of 
hia brothor- in-law, Wnlsinffhare. But be 
may hiiM* h«d «onie projrerty in C'nniwall. 
Hia brother t'niil tat for LJakeard, and Itarn- 
titaple, for which I't'ter hud prwvioiialv But, 
liwi in till- «aini( ditr-ction. On tin- ilav of 
(be opening of the new parliament (S l4b.J 
Wwntworlh madi? hi* mptnnrHbU' apxwchon 
behalf of the liliorlieH of the hoiuui (Pari. 
Jii'il, i. 7^4; Iherp is aUu a ropv Bmoiij; 
thi? manuscripto of Errlvn Philip Shirlcv— 
Hut. MfiS. C&»wi. Stli ]tep. p. :«t3~it 
runs to cipbt and a half pages). Wpnt- 
wurth itaid ofthisitpcvch that tl wat- writtvu 
two or thr*^ yean* before it waa ilebvfrwd. 
He bad, it sfflm*'d, revolved this speerh, 
f*iir itflitn inovirig bim 'to huvft it piil, out,* 
iMt it fihonid 'wirrv bim to the plare* 
whilhpr h« ua^ in lucl Rniii);, iioToely, to 
thrt Tiiw^r (TVEwEs'i. Thr- (*]N-cob wn.s of a 
much needed but of a too violent ba<uri\ 
and tlir house. ' out. of a reverent regard fur 
her innjc-iryV honour, «in](pt;d Mr. Wctit- 
worth before lie hnd fully tiiiiabeil.' < Inr of 
tlio pointA of which Wunlworlh pnrticu- 
larly cninplumtHJ was that uii 2'2 Mav ]fi72 
the quEPB had infnnned the hnufip thnr. 
hi'inyfurth nobilln con tvminp religion should 
tw prepared nrrerfiTMunWsthiiMniotthoiild 
first bv approved by theclergi,'. Wentworth 
nttrihutod thfit- 'dolffiil mi.'usapi'' lo the 
ntachioalions of I be bishopn (STBTrn, An- 
fials). For tbia speech Wentworth was 



Mqowtered hj llie hoiua, in whidi llie 
taiia 110 longvr poaseaiwd a majoritr. 
debate Wentworth was eonitnitt«d to 
eeijctant's ward in order that be nusbt 
pxomined by a rnmoiittec conaijcrine of all 
the Diemben of the priiy council who 
members of the houfc, and othvr.^. \S'ei 
worth was cxviiitii'd by thia couinuitee 
Ihe Star-cbumber the Bame afl^niooa (O 
BETT, Pari. Hutory from Uarleian 
N«xl day, 9 \'k\>. l.'>7i>-tt, nn tb*" »u^ 
of the committees, it waa ordered that 
worth Iw commiTtnd rloa^- prisoDW lo tbfi 
Tower, ' tbfre to remain until niich time u 
tbi« boiui* «}iould have further considentioa 
of him'(ra/. fitatf Papers, !)om. If>l7-fi0t, 
61'!; the 'proceeding's' are added after 
order; ihr llarli-ian MSS. conluin ol 

?apen hy WenlwortU on ibe subject). 
^ March a royal meassee was nrx>usht 
the bouse n-commondin^ \Ventworlba 
charge. The pri»ont;r was then brought 
lo the bar, and, having aclniowledged his 
fault, WM rvccivcd agniu into iba htnue 
(,IVKWE«). 

For th<! next screo ytiius psrlianent rani? 
iDft.but thf^rowos aodi*«omtiontill9 Apru 
ir>8». (fti lYi .Ian. ir>M-l Wentworth waa 
appointed on« of a committee 'to consult 
■bill* convenit-nt to be framed' to real 
evil-eBetied eiibJH^lx, and to provide I 
which may be rM|iiested for the uaint^^i 
of the fonvs ti'A.) Wentworth was not 
lurnril lo tht> new pnrlinini-nt of l')HI, 
did tiot eiii a^in for Trepony. He r»-<?nt 
the Houw ">f t'ommons on 20 Dec. 1680 ft 
Northampton, in the neiffhbmiriitiod of w 
his father had poMviwvd manv manors, 
where het>robablybi!n.icIf held landed est 

On 1 ^arth l'V^7, in connvcli»ii wi 
the proceedings on Cope's * bill aud 

[si:eiinderCoPE,SiBAJfXiioirr],WenlW' 

dfliviTC'd to ih'! Hpeaker certain article* coa> 
taining questions relating lo the libettiea of 
the boiiM'. Tim ii|Hia)(i>r anknl bim not to 
prorfWMl until tbcquwn'spleaaurftwa.'ilmo 
loiicliiii^ the bill and boi>k, ' but Mr, NVei 
worth would no| W 4ti nali^Sed but roqui: 
his articles might bt.' read.' lite apeakn 
plied Ihst; hi- would peruse lb«ra. 
showr'd ilirm to Sir Thomas Heiwag* \a. 
and in th« courm* of the afternoon Wi 
worth WBS K'Ht lo tlifl Tower, where, tm 
nest day, he wan joined by Copw and tl 
othi^r membent. 

Two days later Sir John Tlifibam mot 
to petition tlii-im^en for this enlargpmemt < 
(hw prisoners. This was opposed bjF die rie, 
cboiiibKrlain on the groniiu tliBL llie (fetitic 
moil had been couuitted for matter not 
'within Ibe compaiu of the privilK!g« of the 





Wentworth 



u 



* 



Eji 

i 



' — ]UBi«iy, interference wiih the eedo- 
l pnroftstive. On 13 M»rcli, on 
matioD bv 'rbomod Crnmiri;!!, • cominittAe 
was appointed to confer wiili tbe privr coun- 
cillont in the house (D'KwBS): but it in not 
known wlivu Weiiiwonh wu relvancd 
(SmiPB. K'Ait'jift. i. 4W>t-9). 

On -_>4 tVb., till.- Tiftli cl&j after tbt) open- 
of tlm UMion of loiK), Wentwnrlh aod 
Sir Heniy Bromley dfilireruil u. {K-tition to 
IhM h^rtl Jwop w deiiiring tlie loniit uf Uie 
uppor bouae to be Auppfiuils with them nf 
fM lower unto her majesty for «ntaiiin^ tliu 
atwcescion of tbe crown. Thia wan deeply 
mwented by the queen ; A^'eiitwurth and 
<Brom]ey wcr« called before tbo council nnd 
commandtrd lo forbear parliament and re- 
ntain at bume in their lodginf^. Xext day, 
Sunday, 35 Feb., they wer« callMl before 
til"' lord troasur^r. Lord Hurghley, Ixird 
Buckhmst, and Uenutfre, and wen? told that 
hm tn^JHty was to ofTended at ibvm (hni 
UtAT muse be commitC«d. Wentworth was 
ugua aeot prisoDer to the Tower, but hon- 
laog h« remaiiHNi in durance ia again uncer- 
tain. On 10 Man;b a moiiun to rL-queet 
his releaw vrit* (i|>|i(iM'd by all tlu- privy 
councillors in tbi> hnuae, who argued ' chat 
Iwrioajeety had committed thetn for roamn* 
beat Itnoiit'n to hetwlf, and that for \hi.-m 
to pKM her majesty in that suit wan but 
Co make Ibeir caap the worse." Antbrmy 
Bacon, in a k'Mer dated 1*1 April 1-393, »ayH 
that AHVt-ral ini-.mWm who thnii^^lit. to have 
rptumed into (bo rountry ai tbe end of tbe 
■rKXion wi-Ff ulaveil by t.lif ijiir<-n*M rominnnd 
i!for bi-ioj; privv to Wenlwortb'e motion 
(BtHi'H, i. OB; lijiLUM, Cun*f. IIi»l.\ 

There i» no e.videnc»- Uiat \\'.Mit worth was 
ever out i>f priAon a^airi before bin d^'ath. 
The qiieen'n onmity to him wa* embittered 
br hi^advocavy of thucbiimH of l,ord Jteau- 
edamp to the succession (cf. Strt pb, AnnaU, 
iv, 333-9: and arc SsiUorB, I^dwabd, 
GiKt or IlKSTroRD). Wuiitwurib m-a« 
aartainly in ike Tower on U April lfi04, 

id bv certainly sIko dipd Ihm- iiii 10 Nov. 
A06 (see the in()uifiltion tahen at Oxford 

September IfiSi*, which taye 'at the City 
London'). Tliere i* no record of hid 
burial in tho Tower, but his wife, Elixabelh 
Wentworth, who, though XVoUingham's 
atuer, had ithan.-d livr bu»baiid'ei imprianu- 
m«nt, died in tlm Toner, and was buried 
of Si. Peter nd Vineulu on 



~1 

le and lawful ^H 
printed 1696,' ~ 



cbe Author's Opinion of the true and lawful 
Succi-Mor to her Maiestiv. Imprinted 1696,' 
lt5mo. IVo printed copies and a manitMripl 
copy are in tha poasession of the present 
wrircr; two other copies arc in thtrBril.ihh 
Museum. A folio copy of tlw ' I'ithie Kk- 
liortation' is in the Dulce of Bedford's library 
at ^^'obu^) {txa lnil«x £ii-pufyatorhu An- 
glicaHUM- Iliai. MSS. OtaruH. :fnd Rep. App. 
p. 'J). Thw« tracts wens written in answer 
to DuIiiiiui'm trt^alisi- advixvitinf; thv I'laimrof 
ibL' Infanta Isabella lo the succeoRion [see 
I Vkoosh, Roti>;Kr, 1 'titi- 1 lUOl. They are con- 
Atitiitional]y exci^lWnl. and biblically learned, 
lo tbu 'Discourse' Wentworth says himself 
of tli« other tract that- the lord treasurer 
' affirmed at the comuell ublo that he had 
three MveraU times pernaed ' tbe booli and 
found nothing but wliat ho thought to be 
true, and stood amurvd would at last come 
to poa;, as indeed it did by tbe accession of 
Jiuui« i. ^ux.'ral letters from Wentworth 
to Sir Koben Cecil written diirinjj: hia last 
imprisunment arc at llatlield with other 
dociiuumta rvlaling to him (Cat. Hatfield 
MSS. vi. 2iU, 288, S&O, vii. :im, 303, 304, 
334). 

The heir to the mnnor of Lillingscooe 
Lovell was Wentwortb's eldest son, Ni- 
oholoa, who Tnarri(><l Snsiinna, daughter and 
heiress of Roger Wig»ioii, the bead of a 
great puritan family \ and fram their mar* 
rittge there sprang tSir Peter Wentworth 

ill. v.], I^iiv Vane, and Sybyl, who married 
'ifilier l>il£;e, second son of Sir Thonms 
|tilki> of .Miix*lolte C'n»lV. 

Of IVtitV youn^r children, Walter wa« 
a member of I'arhaiueni, Tlminss (I56yp- 
ItftJ^) i.^ aqiftrately noticed, and Paul (who 
nimt be carefully dielinguis!ie<l from Paul 
Wentworth [q. v.] ) wna of C-a^itlo Uythorpe, 
married Mary Hampden, und is sometimes 
said to have been author i»f Wculworih's 
'OriMns.* Of t!n! daughters, Frances mnr- 
ri*d Waltiir Strickland [q. v.] 

jSlale Rip^r*. Bom. Eliijiljetb ; Lonl Sslis- 
l.orv» .M.'^-S. Ill Uaifleld; D'Eww's JoarnaU; 
OAtciuI Itctnm of Members of P<*rliam»nt; Acu 
or thrt i'riry OoanL'il, «d. Dnwut; HalUm'a 
Coniitit.niiomil llixtory of Enifltinil ; Phnide's 
Hist, of En){laod; Kutbon's Three Branchuof 
tho UVntirorih Family, auiJioritios eited in the 
U«l.] C. W. 1). 

WENTWOKTH, Sir PETER (1592- 
1070), politician, ton of Nicholas Wont- 



Pr. 



in tbe ebsiKl 

SI July 1696. wurtb of Lit I iti^ stone Lovell, Bucldngluun- 

Two years before hit! death, Peter Went* t<1iiru.bySusiini;a,daugbte'rurKo^r Wipton 



orth wrote in tbe Tower bin fHmoun b»ii>k, 
• ,\ Pifhie Exhortation to Her Majesty for 
estabU&biog her Successor to the Orowne; 

hereunto is added a Disoourse oontaining 




of WcUtoii, WnrwirkHhire <Lk NeTK, iVcfi^ 
jr«w f/ Knii/ktf, p. fi6|, was (frandaon of 
I'liler Wr»lwiirtln<j.v.i H*!wasborninl$9if, 
and matriculated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 



Went worth 



»C4 



Wentworth 



on 16 Jane IBIO, ftg^nl 17,bM?»m«> a student 
of Lincoln's Inii tu 1613, and wu mad« a 
knighl of xhf llMtli at tb« coRHiation of 
Charlec I. In \OiU he wax sheriff of Ox- 

foTtleliir«t, nnd r»iin<l the tsak of collectinK 
flliip-mon^iy HXtrcnu'lv tlilfii^uU (^Cal. StaU 
Paper*, Dom. iB3o pj.'. 476, 606, ol», 1636-6 
p. iil). On 18 Dl^. I(M1 bo n-ns elected 
to t]i(> Long narlianiuni w uicoiber tor Tani- 
vorth (O^cialJi'etui'n, i. Wi). lie took no 
eoacpicuous Bliani in iis proccvdiugH, but 
sueoeeded ui obtaining a irrant of {lart of 
tlie eetatv uf a raj^aliat deUniiuttnt, George 
Warner of WoUlun, Warwickihtn-, a traii»- 
tction wliich jr iwverely commented on bj 
Denxil Holli58 {Memoi'rt, p. 135 ; cf. Ow- 
mumt' Ji/umaU, v, 4.V); Cal. <if ('ommittft 
for CmipotindiHi/, p, 1-1*>1). WenlworlU 
waa appnintvd om- of the commiMioni'^rti for 
the king:'^ trial, but refuaed to not (Nalso5, 
Triad (if UhnrU» I ). lie was i>li*elvii a nieoi- 
ber of tlieeucoiid, fourth, luiil fifth cuuncila 
of stale iif tlie (JommouMt-ulCh {^Vummtin* 
JoumaU, vi. 36», vii. 42, "iSOj. Fon-ipi 
nfriian> ftignuRil thn tittt-nlion of inanv com* 
miltj-et of tnfi cfiundl on which he s^rvod, 
iinil h" WHu thiw brriHR-ht inlo contact wrtU 
MiUnn, wh-isf friemi he hecjime, Ity hi« 
will Wvntworth beqiwathed 100/. 'to my 
wnrtliy and very iuanicd friend 3Ir. John 
^EUlollf who writ aKaiiut 8a1ma«iu8.' On 
iH) April 1653, when Crom'welt dissolTedthe 
Long parliament, he claascd Wentwort h aJid 
Harry Marten toguther tui meniWrti whuw 
immorality vba a dbtrrnce to the bouse 
(Whit BLOCKS, Memuri/fU, iv. 5>. Went- 
worth roae to answer him, anil cociijiluiiM-d 
of 'the ua^coouii(r laii^affe (riv,.n to (be 

Enrliament by Crnmwi-ll,' 1iiit v-an cut xlinrl. 
y the entry of Crurawell's QKLiikBteiirfttLfu- 
tbw, Mrijvnr*, .-d. 16»4, i. 8«3). In Auipist 
ISM Wi'ntworth npponod a lax Iflvk-a liy 
the Protector, and I'Hused u coUyctor to be 
utTcflled; but wbL>n summoned before the 
council hf gubniiiti*d, tfxcii«iiig himself lo 
Ludlow for his rorraetation by sayinp that 
hv WHS aixty-lhn'u, 'when \\u> blot>d doL^ 
not run with Che aame Twour n.i in younger 
men ' (ifi. i. 414 ; cf. Cal. State Papem, I)iim. 
16fiC, pp. 290, Vm. r,W). (Jn the full of the 
house or f^mwi'll, Wentwfvrth returned to 
hie place in the Lonff parliament (cf. Lud- 
t,off, ii. I31II. <ind on 10 .Inn. 16.'>» W lod^- 
in^ were oi^igned to him in Whitehall by 
tbL^ council of «t>U'. 

llu ditid uiiinarried, in ihtt eighty-fourth 
Tear of hts age. un 1 IJeir, 167'", and was 
burivd in ch4< church of LlllingKtone I^vell 
(Lb Nkte, A'niyA/», p. ."Hi). Ity bin will he 
fofL pMperty in Wnrwickflhira to his piYind- 
nepEieWj Flaher I>iU(u, on condition that he 



iWM va 

ron£a 
IkuM 

"'enl- 
:h it 




and hi* detK^ndanls xhould take the 
of Weotwoith. The name wa:t so tAk«ofbr 
a time, )Hit abandoned in the aiaIu«Mitb 
cencutT after tha propcny had been uieaiated. 
A portrait of t^ir IVter is in (he puMwaoaof 
Sir Chftrim Wentworth IHlke, hart.^ 3i.P, 
whose mat^graat-gnndfsllHT, ^^'entwo 
Dilfae Wentworth, was ih« !it»t of F 
tJilke's d««c«ndauU to usa the vtipuli 
surname, 

I W. L. RBtlon't Thrae Braoehea of tbeWeot- 
wbrth FamilT. 1891. \ Iif* of W^atmrth it 
£iV60 in Noblo'i Lima of Ibe B«^cidea, ii. 323 
wttsn of Wtfltinmh am aanog the Dacanx' 
State Papcn for 1R3&-6, and in C^rr's Mrnn 
rials «f Uie Ciril Wm, ii. 122.] C. U. F. 

WBNTWORTH. THOMAS, fint Bi 
Wkxtwortk of Nettleetesd <l(M}l-l.Vil), 
wail de«cendaKL from an ancient Vorkihi 
family, two brancbes of which wciv Ktll 
at WoDt worth-Woodbouse, and >totth 
sail. Thomas \N'«ntworth, tbe gmt eori 
8trat)bnl [q. T.], belonged to tlw foni 
bnuicb (sen FoctbB, iorkthire P^dit/rft* 
llo^r WentwoTtli {J. 14^>-), yoiuigvr son a( 
John Wentworth of Xorih Klnuall. Vork- 
sliin, acqiiirvd th» manor of NeitleKead, 
Suffolk, in right of hia wifi> Marf^-ry (ISH' 
147^), daucfater of Sir Philip DespeoMr i 
his wife Rlicnbeth, daiifi^htrr of iCuberl. 
Tipiofi opTibetot, last baron Tiptoft of t 
first creation and lord of tbe manor of Nclt 
stead. JiopT Wi'ntworth'a younger »oi 
Henry (d. i4.**L'). wiut by his firet wife 
ocator of the Wentworth* of ti<M£<*Id, 
and by Lis svcuud wife of the Wi^ntwoctht 
of Lillingsioue Lorall, (IxfonliiliirK ; to ibc 
latter branch belouiied Paul Wentwunh 
q. V.l, IVter WVnl worth (K>aOP-1696J 
q. V.J, and Sir Peter Wentworlh (IfiOJt- 
iU7(i}Jit. V.J Hoger's elder w»n, .Sir I'hili 
Wtt* father of Sir Henr>- Wentworth 1,1 
1499), whose liautcliler )tar)r^ry <cf. 1.5 
married Sir John i>eymonr<f/. l5."M;jor\Vo 
hall, and was mother of Qoevn Jane 
moiir, of Protector SomiOraet, and grau' 
luolhur of Kdwurd VL Sir Henry We 
worth's son. Sir Kiclurd Wpntworlb ( 
1^28), was sherifl' of Norfolk and Sudblk in 
]£09 nnd l-'>17, woNknigbtvnl in l>>1~.', served 
at the hatth' of l^pim in Ifil.*!, was prrsri 
at Ibe Field of the Cloth of (iold in Ifi:' 
and died on 17 Oct. I.'i28. Ili- married Ad 
daughter of Sir James Tyrrell [q. v.], 
supiioscd murderer of the princr^ in 
Tower, and wuit fathi^r of the aubjuel of t 
article. 

Tliuma." Wentworlh, horn in 150l, servi 
through ill" Ihiknof SuB'olk'i> cxiMHliiion in 
Francti in 1623, and was kniicDt^sl in C 
chapel at Iloye on 31 Oct. with his co 




Wcntworth 



a65 



Wentworth 



Edward SoTmour (afterwardft Uuheof S<un«r- 
Mt). la \^27 l)« VTM u inomlnir of tli*' house- 
hold of llwiry Vlll'fl M.sier Mnrv, «in! on 
17 Oct. \'y28 aiiccwwlHl his fnther iit NettU-- 
»U-ail. He WM retunwd m knight of th« 
shire to tkt» ' Keformation' parliamt^ni eiim- 
raonml tomwton 3 Nov. 1529. but on tiUec. 
1^20 he wan raised rn tho pi-i.Ttif'f as Bamu 
WentworfJi. lie adoptwi with apiiatviit »iii- 
cwily Reformation principles, unci to his in- 
fiueim> John Itali* ntiributi'it lijf^ couvi-rstuii 
(Ba^LB, Vocacyon, p. 14). Subsequently hi- 
took aom* part iu thv proceedings against 
heretic*, but probably wiili much ivluvtance. 
In IflSO he ai^iet] ifai' pwm' letter to the 
pope, requMiltiig liiui. Ilxiiry VIU'« divorce 
from Catherine uf Arsfion mif;ht he granted, 
and in 1633 hv ui li-ndt'd rhL> king an )ui> ritiit 
to Calais to mfvt l-'nni4^U I, In May IA.3Uho 
was one of the peers vho iried aikd con> 
demned Ajino Bolt-yu, and in De-cf mber l&UU 
he waa seut to Calais to rwcclvc Annu of 
Clores. tie must be dialingui^lieil fr<im Ihi* 
Sir Thonaa Wuntirurtti who wsr captain nf 
Carlisle from 26 Juum I'liiT to -J-l (Ic-t.. l.Ml. 
H(i did nut Lfn'.'fit by Henry's will, hut in 
February I.54G-7 Pajn-t tl-'dnrwd that it was 
the late kin^'a intention that \\Vntworth 
ahoiilil bv Rrnnled tlie sLi.>wtir(IsUip of all lUe 
hiabop nf FAy'a lands. In July 1'>1'.) hi- 
ser\*ed under the Marquis of Northampton 
■gainst th« inimrgeiilA in Norfolk, and in the 
foUawinfT October he waa onu of thw ptcrs 
whow aid Warwiclc enlistt'd to overt liTviw 
SoniAr»ct. He joini-d Ihc (.'on^pirators in 
London on llji> tHh, and h'-uci-forl h mi a)> a 
mc-mbcr of the phry council. He wan further 
rewarded by \Kitig appuiutud otit- of thv six 
lords to attend on Edwiml V I, awl on :i Feb. 
IM&^A), whfH Warwick duprivad the catho- 
lic peers of their nlKcMi, Wmtworth finc- 
owavd Arundel OS lord L-hamberUln of the 
houfN;hold ; hn wan aluo on Ifi April follow- 
ing (rnutted thii mannra of .Stf^pnoy and 
flacktiey. He wan u ronetant sttendant at 
the privy council mi'ctinjpi until 16 Fob. 
1&60-1. fie died on '.i iMarcli fiillowin^, niitl 
waa bnrifd in Wertminster Abbey on the 
7th with a ntafcnitSceuL-e that contrasted 
atrangely with the councira tfftuul to (fo 
into inoumin^; the prerioua July rm llie 
death of W^n J worth's nunt, who was nl*" 
Somtirsct's mother and Edward VI's (frand- i 
mother. A pMrtnut of WVntworth is nmon^ I 
the Holbein drawin^ra al \\'indAnr; it wax i 
enffrnved fey Daltou, by Bartoli^sxi in 171*:?, 
and hyMinasoin 1J<12; anolherportmitwas 
lent by Mr. F. Veraon- Wentworth of ('astlti 
AVciitworth to the 8onth Kensinpitan loan 
exhibition of 18(K!(No.l09>: athird,pii.iutod i 
by Theodore Bfiniarda, belongs to Sir Ohaile* ' 



Wentworth IHIke, hart., and wa.H reproduced 
as a frontispiece to Mr. W. L. Kutton'a 
' llinx! Branclim of the Wentworth FRinily* 

(myi). 

Wentworth tnnrried, about 1630, Marearet, 
elder daughter of Sir .'Vdrian Konti'*CHetq.v.\ 
by his limt wife, gTsnddiiuif liter ami heir of 
John Nnrillf, marquis of Montagu [q. v.] 
Sir Anthony l''orte»c'ue [ij, v.] and Sir John 
Fort*«;ue ( liSU] ?-H>U7 ) (q. v.] were her 
ill, 1 ho vifi of 



lialf-bruthLrs, and Elisiibutl 



Sir 



Thunms llromh'v (U'i;tO-lf»rt7) In. v. J, waa 
her Imlf-siBter. litTdauRhlfirs by Wentwortli ^ 
inarrifd miially well ; .tan"." {tl, ltU+) b.^came 
the wife of I ienrr, baron Cheney of To<Iding- 
ton ; MaT)!aret ol liret Jc>hn, baron WUliat^ 
of Thame {q, v.], ni;cordly Sir William llniry 
[q. v.l and thirdly Sir .laiQe» Crofts; and 
Ilorothy of first I'uul Withypole (rf. 1570). 
secondly Martin Frobishvr <). v,], ana 
thirdly 'sir John Savile of Mctliley. Of the 
aoiif, ThuuiaH suvcLi'dcd as ^xiund uiiroii,und 
m separatuly iiutic'ed; aisd -lohn and JamM 
wiTvlostwilliiheGrevhound in Mar(;hl5G2— 
l.'iai (Machtn, pp. .'tin, ;»!). Wontwonh 

I had issue sixteen children in all. 

[ly>tiL-rs and I'bp*ts ni" Henry VIII ; \eta at 
till' Fi'ivr Criuiicil, oil. DHanit ; Clinju. of Culiiin, 
Maoliju's Diary, and Wricitlioslej's Chron. 
(CiiiiHlen Sot); Lit. K«m sins of Kd ward VI 

. t liLiibtirjirlii- L'IuIj} ; Huniilluu I'apera ; Hist. 
MS?. Cumin. 4ih Rep. App. p. 178; Lords" 

, Jouronla ; Dunict's Hist, of tho Itpfonimtion ; 
.'^trvpo's Work* ; Hnry's SnfFolk Col if* lions in 
Itri'c.MuHiuniAihlii.^S. 10144: Kuuun'sThruo 
Hrnm-hM of ilw Wentworth FnniilT: liarke's 
MxliTid I'rrrmgi' find (!. K ('[oknyno] «(ViinD.|i)tw 

' WENTWORTH, THOMAS, second 
JItHox We.vtwokih of Nettlestead (I62&- 
l.")H4), born in l.")l^.», waa the tldc«t»on of' 
'rhouiit.s \Ventvf»rth, Brat baron ^(|. v.] He 
is *tud to have be<ji educau-d at St. John's 
College, Cambridge, but liu tuck uo dti^^v, 
and nn 9 l'<-b. IW^i-fi tuarried. at GosKeld, 
KaM'.^, his cousin Mar>-,daughterof 8ir Juhn 
Wentworth of that plnnv In St-ptemb^T 
l-*hl7 lieriocompaniod the Crotector Somereet, 
whose iu<cond cousin he was, on his invasion 
of Scotland, dinlinguixhcd himaelf at the 
battle of Piukiti 1 10 Hept.>, and was dubbed 
a knijfbl-banuvret by the l*rott-ctor at Ito.t- 
bur^h on the l'8tb. Meanwhile liu was on 
'J(i .'-wpl., U tiring hit) absence, returned to par- 
liament &soni£ of thi! knight!<of the ?h!refor 
Kul)'iilk,rt*tuitiingliij> Heat until his succeMiun 
t/i the pefiragB at liis faiher's death on 
■1 March IGiJO-l. lie wiw a docile tivl of 
t-lw; Knrl of Warwick, and on 1 Dec. IWl 
WAS one of the peers who tried and con- 
domned the Duke of Somenet. On Hi May 



Went worth 



266 



Wentworth 



1]»52 li« WM one of tin thrM caniniattoaen 
Mpo'iDied u> McerdM the fiinctioiu of lord 
1i«ut«nuit of Norfolk tad Satlblk, aod fais 
upointment ww rwiRWed 00 24 N«t iri63. 
Jlfl WW one of the witnewea to Edwud VIS 
Mttlement oT the crown mi Lsdy JanuGrvy, 
Imti BOt being ft pri\y eouQcillur.tlid not »i^ 
^e eflfiftfement to cwrj tt out. He f^vc in 
liis Klhoion to Mar>' on 17 July, KK:uring 
bv bU pmmptaeu tbi> farour of tbi^ (juecu, 
who nt onou mada him otiu of Iter yrivy 
COtmcUlora, and botowrd on liim m grvAtttr 
mark of cunBdonce byappomlinehim utwof 
tbi- cominift»ioni;rs tu t^xamine Norlhiiinbv^ 
land, Nortliamptnn, and I^y Jane Grev. 
ile was one of ibe pt-ers who tried North- 
umberland on 17 Aug., and tbo minor coti* 
cpimtDra on ttie foUowing day. 

On la Se|>t. following Wvutwortb was by 
letUr* patvnt apuoiut«d deputy of Calais 
(7>(j>. Keeper of Jleeurtlt, -Itb itep. App. ii. 
:J&(*), but hu did nut at>8umv tliu diitiw of 
bis oETic" until Diwi^inbrr. IIr itiw the laat 
Kng'liHh deputy of Calais, and, with tlw ex- 
cuptioQ of a visit t') Kiigbtud tti .March to 
May 1&66, remained at bis poat nnlil ita 
oapturo by thv French. Stxin altvr bie 
•rrivulWi-ntworlbnvprfseniM to th« council 
tbti dttf«iicel«*« atate of Cabiis, but no elec- 
tive ateM were taken to strcnjfthen it {Acti 
P. C. 1966-6, p. 91). l^tti tn tli« autumn 
of 19S7 Uui«« laid plana for tlie attixure of 
the town by n eoup-tU'maiH. I_)n IfS Dec. 
ngws of this pTDJeul rvachml Wvutwortb, but 
b«f nijutt^cted the warning until il wiia co«- 
firmea on tbe SUtb. U» tliu foiluwiu),; day 
a council of war wait beld,and il wmxlcridnl 
to nliandon the open oauatry,and oiil^' attempt 
the defence of Guimi^H, Hnmmcii, Nt'wbiivi.'n 
(Hatrun Ktuc), Kyobitnk, and Calais, Iveiii- 
rbrwnientR were ordered from Knijland under 
the Enrl of UutUnd, but on tlu' itttli \Vent- 
wortb wrotu liial Calnis a an in no immediate 
dan^r; be dijtbcliDved tdikc tho French re- 
uurts luid the waniin|(S of l^ord On-y de 
Wilton, who wilh i-nplAiu of tfuiane?. On 
tbe aifit (iuiae'e army arrived ou thu Iwrdcre 
of the i'ale, and nn I Jan. 1CA7-R Rutland 
vrm aifain ordered to proceed ul onn: to 
Cal«a. lie failiKl to arrive in tiintj; one 
J!ortt«B« Btiisr Another foil lx>fnrr' UuiAe; on 
llie 6th the entile of Calais waij aumsiidered, 
ami on the "til W'cnlwurth yirldL-d ilp the 
town, bi<in|fhimHiiironeoflhi.-priaouer«iM war. 

It wiiH wiill for Wentworth that lie waa 
kept away from Kn^lund for u timii; for iliu 
loM of thi? tii»I slninifhuld on llic 0'intini*nt 
produced an niithreak of indi^nalinn that 
would cerUtinly have cokI him hie bead, and 
he would bav<4 btH'n a convtmient. scapegoat 
for tho govemmem. On '2 July 1S68 he waa 




,aBa ' 



rtouuioat 
:u]pabl« a* 

and J(4^^| 
, whn wo^^ 



in<]ict«d fiar bavittg on M Dee. 1557 
an odlierent of iho French kinfc. and 

»pir«d to deliver Calais into bu haiBdatOf 
harinfi' neglected to lake any muaten v 
m«ka any IsriiM for iu dcfeoee, atid oa 
Is July orders were givm fur M^UMtoiiut 
hi* estates and taking an inventory of ha 
goodsi Wentworth, howprer, prudentlyr^ 
mained In France, and was not mniomed tS 
after the ctuuiffvof ffOTvmmenl. Il« iMumed 
in April l-ViP, and on ihi; i^lut was eosi* 
mitli^ lo tbe Tower, NorthamMon had w 
the ^th b<H>n appointed lord bifrfa auwari 
for his trial for hi^h ireasoa ; it took plas 
before a paiwl of lua per^rs on tbe 23nd, afid 
Wimtwonh was aequitt*>d ('Ba^ de 6a- 

cretis' in Vtp.-Kerptr tif Jtmirda, 4tli 
App. ii. S59-tH; itjiCnjji, Duuy, p. 
liArWAKD, AnnaU, p. 30; WBIutUESLi 
Chron. ii. 144). There was indi^ no m- 
denott that Wentworth was a traitor, an^ 
Elitabeth vaa no doubc arense from narkiw 
the commenoement of her reign with hlooi^ 
abed; hut it i-M-vidi-nt that \\ tnt worth's in- 
competence contributed materially to tha bat 
of Oalai-, and he was at least aa culpabla 
his subordinates, f^ir Halpb Cham 
lieutenant of the castle of Oalaia, 
llarltiaton, lieutenant of Ryabank, 
cundomned for treason on 1 and '2'2 Dea 1559, 
t hough their lives were spared. la an elaho- 
ratr iiriiolt: in tbe 'North Itritiah Keview' 
(Ueceinber 1M1)6), ba*i^ on uopublwhed ar- 
cLivL's at Brussela and Paris, the entirwbUiae 
of tliK cataotronlt* is {nit upon WentWDrth, 
who ia described aa'smaoof emnllcapacitjr. 
of no enerfcy, of ((rest aiToaanoa and oonccti 
and withiii unmindful 01 his dutiea.* It 
should, however, be remembeivd that WfSU* 
WDftli bad T^peatcdly pointed out tbe ooa- 
dii ion ol' Calais to tba TOvenunent, wbidi 
had persistently neglected hi« waminga. 

Hi.*utwijrlh fiiiled to obtain any impor- 
tant employment under KtimWih. lie wa*. 
howvver, appointed lord Ueutf<nanl of Not- 
folk mid Hutloik, and frequenlly aened 
conuniEsioni'T for mustars and for the 
povnmment of the city of Loudou (-■ 
P. C. l.'ifiS- Wt p(i^*im;. On 8 Sept. 166i:t 
was one of thocu ordered to recravo th« Id 
of Sweden, and in Jauuarr lb7'2 was on« 
tbe peers who iriwl the lluk« of Nnrfi 
In liySl waa dedicated la Uim tbti Englli 
imnmlatiDn of Bullinger's '8eminns.' I 
died at Sr<^pTtey nn 13 Jan. 1^83-4. A pO(- 
trait of "\\ t^ntworth belonged in 1779 » 
TliuinM* Xoel , riscQunt Wvntwortli, and was 
engnivw! for the 'Antiquarian Itepositmj' 
1 1«)S. iii. W) ; another belougod in IW " 
Mr. y. Vemon-Wiutworth of Wentvr 
Castle {Vat. i-\>tt Imui Kikih. No. 17ft). 




Wentworth 



96 J 



Wentworth 



WeDtworlliV first wife dK<l witliout inane 
at CalaiB abnnt IAfU,anilhi>niarTiedfiRcondly, 
in ItlOo or lo'VJ, her coiwin Anne or .\i;ii*«, 
daughifT of Henry "Weniwortli of Mmint- 
DesMDi;, l'I»)tex. ^>be (»>i:Rpe<l from Cnlais 
in Decembor lo57, and \ru8 impri^ont'd in 
the Floet on 10 Auj^. I-VjH • f<jr o-n^iu h«r 
0fl'4!!flCi>9,'M'bith were of 0. reliKioiu nntun<; 
on the UOtli shv madu bvr subiuiMiua 10 ibu 
council, and was wnt to li>-r motli«ir's Koua^ 
ill Essex. She died on 'J Sopl., and was 
turitKl in St*ipTipv clnirMh oti H Sfpl. IfiTl or 
IfiTfi, Wntwnnh amy Ubm^ married a third 
time, as on it Sept. 1&»9 \S illiam liorougb 
[q. *-.j oinrTied at St^jmev • Lndy Wenr- 
worth (Ilari. Mfi. OtftM, V. 104), By his 
aecond wifeWi-nln-orib had iMiu-lbn^e chil- 
dren, two of wbom werw born Iwfore August 
1668. The eldi^t, William, married on 
S6Fcb. \6%\-1i Elijub^itb, second diiughlfr 
of William Tccil, lord iJurglUay. Tbi- 
wedding waft cliamcterifled by much macniG- 
cenot*. but Ibf bridof^room diwiof tbn ulaK"" 
at Hurpliicv'R hoHfle at. ThTObalda on 4 Not. 
15B:; iCaLllatfietd AtSS. v. 70). Hie wife 
died, loATinf; no i*»iK', in April IfiWi; lu-r 
portrait, painted by Lucas de lleere, belongB 
to the iManjuiaof Hulinbury {Cnf. Firtt Lnan 
Exkih. Nil. 240). Tlio Hcuoiul son. Jlenry 
( 1.Vj8-1603), arcordingly tocceedcd as third 
Bantn Wont won h. He was Cutlier of 
Tbumao Wi-iilworlb, fourth baron Weat- 
wortii of Neltlestead and first earl of Cleve- 
land [q. r.j 

[Dnvr'a Suffolk CoUoctiuu* (Addit. M3. 
191'^l)'' Rntion'a Three Brnncheiof the Weul- 
Turtb I'mniiy, IRttl. )>p. SA-iSS; Cooper 'nAth^na^ 
Cantal>r. i. 481-5, mid autboritiea there nieii- 
tioned: Fi^ude'i HiAt. of Eogland; Cal. JJat- 
Bold MSS. vula. i. and ii. : Offi^nal Kelum of 
3l«>mbera of Pari. ; 0. I'-, ClokaynvN CJoTripI«c« 
Peenc« } A. F. P. 

WENTWORTH. THOMAS (l-Virt?- 
1628J, lawyer, l)f>m in 16(57 or K.68, wne 
tbe third son of I'etrr Wentworth [ij. v.] 
of UUinf^tone Ijorell in Osfonlshiro (now 
IB BuckiuKliauKbirt-), by bis second wife, 
Blkabeth, ainler of £ir Franeis Walsinfrham. 
Ha BuitriculaliKl from L'nivenitr CullvgL', 
Oxford, on 30 Oct. ir>tU, Mili-nvr I.incnlu'a 
Inn on A1 Oct. Ifi8n, and wna cnlUd to 
the borin 1W4. In SeptfmW-r 1007 1»- wa» 
olpctpd n>rrtrd(!r of Oxford riry, and in IH12 
woa appointed Lent reader at Lincoln's Inn, 
On 1 fttarcb liKi:f-4 he wfl« rctumH 1.0 [inr- 
liataest for Oxford city, and retained bis 
seat until his death. 

Like \ut farbur, Tbotaiu was an ardent 
parliam*'tif»rl«ii, and in l-'ebruary IBOB-7 h« 
resisted the project of union bt'tweon Bng^ 
landand Scotland, tu Di^ci^mWT EOlOJamo* 



dcaired lopiinish him by impnmnmmt for 
bis violent epet^es, but was dissuaded by 
bis council ( Cal. tilatr Pitf»r», Dom. 180^ 
UnO, p. I>I9). tn May lill-l, on ilie 
occasion of a debate on impwiiions in the 
Houu nf Cotnmons, W'^atwarth roundly 
doclared that *tbe juat reward of the 
Kpnniards' imposition was the toss of ibo 
Low C'ouutrii-8 : ajid for I'Vauci', that ibvir 
lat<r most cxnllic^ king^ di*xl like calvtw 
upuu tbi' hutcbt'r'a knife ' {Court and Timtt 
nfJamfj /, 16*8, p, SIS ; Cat. Statt Papert, 
Horn. ItSlUlti, o. i3fi, Addenda LWO-lM.'S 
]>. bW). For thew> rasb words he was im- 

5riAon<'d on thtt dissolution nf jMirliamont in 
uue. John CluLiab«r]ni]i [cf-v/, in a lett*>r 
to Sir Dudli^y CarJuton (ViJcouiit Dorches- 
ter) [q. v.], staiev that Wi-ncworib was 
thou^^it simplfl rather Than maliciou»<, and 
thai hu wa« detained chivfly to saliufy ihe 
French atuboMiador {Cottrl anil Timet of 
Jmne^ /.pn. 32i*, M-l, 326). In January 1621 
Wcntwurtli (ippUHt^ tlii:i claim of thr upjH'r 
house to examine members of the lower 
boiiw on unlJi in rt-gnrd to tbi.> palwnt for 
f^nld and stiver thread, nnd in Uncembcr he 
strongly censured the project of tbe ispanish 
marria^L'. On this occasion .Titmcs, inoi-naed 
at tbe inli-rferenee of tUi' commnna, wrote 
to the Rpeakttr commatidinf^ them not to 
muddle with uysturie» of state. In the 
debate on this letter on 16 I'ec. Wynlwortb 
boldly declared 'that he never yet re-ad of 
anyrliinfi: that was nut fit for tbx coutJ^idtTu- 
lion of a parliament.' In March I(tl'4, in a 
debato on eu|iplieH. bi» strongly advocnled 
war Willi Spam in opiuir>itiOM tu Sir Qwoi^e 
Cbawanh, who wielied to preserve the 
Siianiidi tr*>utii-s (Cal. Strife Pajtrt, Dom. 
1623-Ifi2.'j, p. 107). 

While Weiitn-ortb wan throwing himself 
so stron^^ly into tbi; pnrlinmcntarv oppon- 
tion, be wsh involved by bis office o? rvcordur 
of Oxford city in serious dilTerenr^B with tbe 
university, urisiu); I'lii'.'tly fnjm tbi.- dveire of 
the citiseu)i tn eAtablinb nn ellici^nt nifcht 
police in the city (Wood, Ui»l. find Antiq. 
tif the. Univ.af 0:r/,,rd, ml. r;iitcb, li. 29B- 
304). Ills iLttitude in parliament probnhlj 
increast-d hi? unpopularity with tbe strong 
loyalists of tho \inivor«ity, ond in 1611 h« 
was discommonaed by order of thu vice* 
cbanrellor 'as u malicious and implacable 
fomentor of troubles ' (t'i. ii. 3081. II« was 
nuly reialorcd on his urgent entrearv on 
.10 April 1614 (ib. ii. .lOO-lO). Ketuniing 
to his former attitude nf op^xmitton, he in- 
cum>d Buch peril tliat he wa» (wrsasded 
about lt{20, by tlia solicitations of his friendflj^ 
r» retire tn H«nle^. Hann aft«rwardH, abott^l 
IB23, John WbistUr was appointed bii 



dsputv iu ihu TL-conlunliip. He wu numi- 
luted trttiiHurtiT nf Lincolit'it Inn in 1631, and 
died St Hctikr io March or April 1&2S. lie 
nurrivd Ihmilhy, dHiif^htrr nnil ciihtiirpM of 
Thomaa KMe of Newbottlie in Norlbamp- 
bnuhire. By her lu> bai] Hi>Ten »on8 and 
two dutghten. His daiifthtcr Munret 
KTEa married, on 2^ April lii^H, to Ant^on; 
SuitidcT«,TrGioraf P&a^bounM In Berlubirc. 

To >\aiiworib hw been u«ign«xl the 
antll<ir»Iiip of a leral trffati»e entitled 'The 
Ot&n and Duty <.>l' E^vcutor»,' wliicli first 
a|ipear(!<) in 1(MI, itiuugh Wood ermneouttly 
fiiikles tlial. tlieru wait lui earlier edition in 
IttllJ. Tb« fii>1 two Kilitionii wvn* anonv* 
moUH, but thf> third, wliirJi nUnnnpearedm 
1641, bore thu nami- of Thoma* Weolworth. 
Tlie work was, lirtwerer, ffpnemll; ascribed 
tc clieJudBe, ^ir John Doddrid^t<l>v->°''*^ 
aereraf inJication» in the booti ilaHi st-i-m to 
aupport bia olainu Tbe laleat Ka^lisli oditioa 
of tue treatise waa publiahed in IM'9 under 
Uiu editorship of Hi-ury Jeremy, Liindan, 
4lo (SiiKPPAHU, T'lmJutuur of {imuttun A»- 
surancej. HHH; JexkiXB, li'orkt, 1646, p. 
IW; IlRineiMiX, /.ryn/ /HbHagr. p. 36&). 

[Kutluii'B Tliruo Bniiiclioii nf tbf Kamilyof 
"Wwiworth, iStfl, pp. 388-"ai J. Wmtwurtli'ii 
WontKArth QcneAlng,^-, 1876. ■■ 80, Mioc. Cinii. 
•I HpthIiI. tiow Ktr. vol. iv. ; OnrOiavr'ii Hiiii, of 
£o((kiid,t. I60,ii.e^,24ft,3i»; \Vvud'» AihonK 
Oion.. mI. BIim, ii. 414, 439. (IZ.'i ; I'lWIw'x 
AIuiudlOsqii.ISOO-ITM: Kvli'iuiKWulUininriur. 
I67'J. pp. 432 et tea. ; Allibnne'h Diet, of Engl. 
LiL] K. I. C. 

WENTWORTH, THOMAS, fim Kaw. 
or SlKirt^KD 4 ]r)<:l,'{~|lUl), HtaMman, the 
«ldci§t son of 8ir WilliAni Wcntworth of 
Wentwonli-Woodhouiw, and Ui9 wlfi) Anne, 
dau|i[llit<T of ?^ir liobiMt Atkins of Slowell, 
UloucuoU-rehin-, viis bum on Guod Friiluy, 
l.T April loiW, at llit^ ]wuiu- of hi* raothiu-'jt 
father, ill L'hancLTV Lane, iLttd was bopliaiid 
nt Hi. tliiii!il.ntrt>-in-tht!-W»»t. Thn mniiiv 
liad lon^ byen Betiled at Witntwonh-Wond- 
bouw, and l.hif Dsron* ^Ventworth and EarU 
of Cleveland wi^rt' d'i*rendeil from a youngot 
branch [bm ^\'BX^rwi}KiH, Thum^lb, fir»t 
BakoxI 

Thp liiture Earl of Simfltird wa> odiicaU-d 
«t St.Johu'iColliige.CambridK^'tbul thednte 
of Ilia cnlruncu is unlitiown. In Xavember 
1(KI7 hi:t wax ndmilli^d II Htudvtil [>r tile l7in(*r 
Tenipln ((i. K. C:[oK-\tSE', Camtilftit P/fr- 
affe, x>i. All*). On '2-2 Oct. IHII he married 
Sfarvarot, ihe eldest daiielitcr of Frnocis 
Clifford, fourth earl of Cumberland; was 
knifchtcd on U Dl'l-., uft'-r whi(-h he travelled 
on the continent (NiciloiJi, Prw/rtMca of 
Janit* I, \\. 4yi>: State Vawr*, Uocquela, 
b U6C.J under tho care of Charles Omen- 



wood,* fellow of I'DivenityCaUe^, < 
tie returned honw, about fourtn-n mooti^ 
laltT, in February 1013. In 16U heMt for 
VorliDhtn- In tltc Addlt-d parliament, ind 
aUmc Mirhoelmafl in the itami* yo«r (Str^- 
/'«n//jrr/«r»,ii.4<iri)helMK»nies«condban)fMt 
and henil of th** fnniW on his father'a d^^ 
In Ittl '> he wan appointed custom rotulonUB 
ill Yorkiiiiin;insuccc««ionto8ir John SarUe, 
who aURviidered ibeoHin; to avoid dismissal 
Vc Knvij^. Joux, first IUros Siltiu m 
I'oxmt'Bi.aij. In 1017 Siirile, who had 
in tbe mettBtinae curried favtmr «-itli Buck* 
iiiKham, obtained a letter &om the favoonte 
a»kin^ WmiI worth to roatore the dignity t« 
ire former holder aa having lvv>n voluntarily 
enm-nthfn'd by him. On \\'eiHwrtrth'8 ex- 
jilanntion of the truo Htat« of the casa. Buck- 
itiKhuiQ abstained from pre^in^ bi^ reqiMit. 
A lift-lonpijiinrrt'l betwit-n Savilv and Weta- 
worth wa9 the perhaps incvitabk-nwult. For 
the Yoi'ltshire teal in the parliau)i*nl which 
mi-I iu lti2l Weniwonh was a ourcesafal 
cnndidate in oppoaitioii to Suvil«. Ae ht 
(flood in conjunction with Calvprt. the aeere- 
tary of Ktatn, it iii<-vident ibat fauwasat tlial 
time prp]>aTed to snpprirt rh^ king''» govftn- 
iiit-nt, «w|ircinlty (^i fnr ns it was tvpraaefltvd 
by (.'uU'ert, who was a member of that party 
in lh9 council which favoured an uoderataad- 
iii2 with Spain. 

it WH8. in fact, perfectly nninral tlia: il 
ttliijuld be «o. Tbe main qne»tioii lik«-ly to 
oivupy parliamcni wft»ihat ofsuceouriof lb» 
elector palatine after bis Ion of Bobcsiis, 
and AVctitworth woa not tbe man to wiidi U 
hurry thf king into a further aiteitsion tS 
n warlike policy thun he was willing to 
agnv to. All ihrough his life Wpotwortl^ 
fnvc the (irat plarr to d'Um-^Tir n'fmnn. aw! 
disliked enlan^lemeiu in continfnial poUtirf> 
mill (■■[»'<'ially in a n'li|{ioii8 war. In ihif 
Barlr part of the aeMJon ho appMued n an 
occasional e|}««k«', hnl it was not till after 
Thi> adjoummeiil in rhh aummcr that thil 
young member took any prouiint'ut part in 
rbf dobates. Tbe government having prfr 
po««d a vo<« of supply lo i-uabk- Jama (cL 
maintain a force in the lower nalatinatp iliir-' 



iiig lhi5 winliT, liMiving it to iiirn todcclut' 
w«r or not whi*n !.Iw- itummir nrriiW, 



ClUV I I J 

.ti»X 

opposition showed an inclination to dra,i l» , ^ 
killer iiil'i a murv direct i^onllicl with Spain, 
and WVntwort.h on '26 Xov. proposed an ad- 
jouriiineal, apparently Io (jive Jomcs tilM 
Toeomutonn iiiicii^r«tandiugwitb the hou»; 
and, being beaten, supported tht- (.iiv-rnaieDt 
on tbe 'J~lh in its demand for a nupj.ty.leaT- 
ing the king thi* choice of a fit time («r 
declaring war. Later in the ae»aiun, when 
t constitutional question was raised fay 



a raised by 



Wentvvorth 



369 



Wcntworth 



Jamen'a deeUration tliat the privileges of 

S&rlisinent were not ite ' onctent and tia- 
oubtMl rig'Iit ' of ttu' liciii*!*, WVntwwrtli on 
16 Dec avowed hb owii opinion to be oppo- 
site to that of the «orprel|ni, ))ut ivcom* 
mended that, it shonlil Ix^ embodiM in 1 pm- 
testAtion n'hich need not be cotnmunii'Hli'd 

, to tho kin;;, nnd would thorcfon- maititiiiii 
tbanvutid taken by the liout« without nece*- 
■anTj leading to a coUuioii with the king. 
AVeutwortbV cugguitiou woa tuloptttd, uwl 
it WAR JamMi'a own want of wiftdom which 
found in ibe protestation DDoccueion fordis* 
solving' jiiirliAiit^iil. Viiung iiH hi; wiim — Ut* 
•was only in hia twoniy-ninrh vmr— Wcnt- 
worth bad di>^layt^ during; tbi^ cui^on n 

'mingled timii\e»a and mixlerati'nn which 
marked him out as a stutssniBn who might 
etc good «t:rric« to hi* coiinttyif tht! pcr»oii> 

rin autliorttv bad Ijoen auch aa to allow 
prudent an^ modcrtitinij policy. 

\\Tiil« Wonlworth n.'grelUtd the dissolu- 
tion a* putt in;} a *.lop to doni^Htic legisla- 
tion, ho wtia iLH bopuful as Jnm&i himt'olf of 
•Ming tb« pulnlinutft rrHlon-d tUniiigb tb« 
mediation of Spain, on the ^und that it 
-w»a to the intcnnt of Pliilip IV to hw^ 
himaelf out nf wn.r, bfiing inrlini^d in tbm 
matter, u in many othere in the coiirsu of 
his eoTiwr, to think' of rn^n an led by their 
interesta rather than by ibeir ftwlingB and 
pauiona {Sfraff^rtl Lttttm, i. !•'>>. 

Tn the spring of 1822 Wcntworth bad a 
aeriouA ferer, nnd on his recovery removed 
to Bow. where bis wife diM. loariRj? no cbil- 
dren. Afivr her dt.-iith Ijv r«tiirti<3(l to 
Went worth- Wood bo uie. and waa again 
soriouily ill in 1623. 

In the parliani«>nl of ItJlM ^Ventwortb sat 
for Ponl«fract. From scattenid hintu in hi» 
latt^rnt it. iipptun-x that V' lind nil ]>ym]iathy 
whJi the tuigeniFwx of Biirkingham and parlia- 
ment to rash into a war with Spain. ' I 
judge further,' be wn)iP bflforv the fWMion 
opened, ' tlio path we are lilte to wall< in is 
now more narrow and slippery thnn formerly, 
yet not fto diflicult but uiLty b^ pi)»>^t'd with 
circumspection, patience, and silence' {ib. 
p. 19). lu. Buotuur luUer written ufivr ihi> 
prorogation be i>hows armpatby with Uriatol. 
the nppjtiator of the ^panifh ntajriofr* [st-L- 
DlORY, JtiHX, lir»t Earl of BttinToi,], and 
jeetingly dwells on thtj fnLly of the Hmiso 
of ^jmiDons in a refi-rence W a slatuv of S«m- 
■00 killing a rhibitinti with the jawbone of 
•D aw, ' the moral and meaning wliereof may 
ba ronrxelf itanding at Tln« bar, and thfiv* 
with all your w^igLly curiously -spun argu- 
meata beaten dawn by ann:« tiuch sitly in- 
Mrument ae that, and ao iIil' bill \i\ condn- 
cioa paa»»d, »tr, in spite of your noae ' ((A. 



p. 21). In the aame apirit he mocka at ' tb« 
cobbler* and ot bt-r bigota and sealouB bn>thren ' 
who rejoiced in the doparttirf (iftli*" Spaniiib 
ombasHadur. and lamttiiu the injnrr (3on« by 
the Unli^b ti Knf;tii>h rwnnn'rc*^. The whole ^ 
tone ofthia letter, wrillen by \V I'tlt worth (ol 
bin lifclnng frimut (Sir) Chriatopber Wande**] 
ford [q. V.J, in ibatofn man who haorangcid 
himaelf on the anti-puritan Md«, but who 
hoA no great re^p(>ct lor the conduct of the 
gOTenim«nt aa inanagvd by Itiickingbnm. ■ 
On 24 Feb. \^'lh Wcntworth wn« again a 
marriod man. His eocund wife waA Ara- 
htlla, Kecand daughter nf John llt>ll(^«, first 
pari of Cluru [li- v.], and Pister of IVnzil 
Hollea fq. v. J In tli« (inl parliament of 
Cbarlea I, which met on IS June, hi' ngain 
rat for Yoriohirv, but was unseated on 
petition, on the gmund that the ahoritf bad 
prvmiiturely cloeed tbe poll agtiinM the 
supporters of Wont worth's old rival, Savile. 
lu the proceedings which followi-d in tho 
hoil8n (FORSTBR, Liff of lilivf, \. ir>3; Car. 
oiSEa, Iliat. of Et^l. x. 349) W«a[worth,in 
defiance of the cuIm, att^mpl'^l to uddieaa 
ibchotiMC in his own difenci' when the cawl 
was uitdur iuv«!itigation, iitid bniuuht down 
on biui^t'lf a fierce attack from hliot, who 
coiupnmd liirn tn Ontilinu, who had come 
into the senate in ordfr to destroy it. Tber« 
wna nti iinpali>-n>cenf contnidiclion in Went-' 
worth which f\piiiii-d him to attack, but 
HIiot would hardly hare Ixtf-n iioih^vcre unloas 
iL hiid be>'n g<-iier»lly understood that Wrnt* 
worth's vii-wii wt'rw at that time regarded 
as contrary to tboae of the popular putty. 

Wontworth was rr^i?lect*d on 1 Aug. in 
time to take hia plac« aftvr i\iv adjournment' 
to Oxfot^i. To an offer of finvnur ("nTeyeJi 
to him from Uuckiiigbam, be ropllMd tntiC 
* be was ready to serve Itim n* nn hon«t«t man 
and a gentleman ' iSiraford Ltttfi-n, i, 34). 
It is, howev'tT, eyidciil tlml bt" won not in ' 
favour of the war wit b Sj«iin, whptbcr it wa« ' 
prrimiitvcl by Hiickincham or his op]jonont8, 
' Let Uft firat,' he asid iu tho house, ' do the 
bu»ine«s of the commonweal tli, appoint a 
committfto for iiftitions, and afterwarcU, for 
my part, I wilf consent to do a» much for 
the King aa any other.' The avoidance of 
exteruul cowplicat ions with b view to the 
pursuance of intenml refi>nii» wns, to the 
end, tho main principle of Went worth's poli- 
tical ciiiidu'irt, putting him out of eympathy 
alibe with the pnpulnr sentiment and witu 
tho aime of tbw powerful favourite. At tho 
close of the session his scn»c of indepenileuce 
was roused by the threat of a penal dissolu- 
tion, To a proposal that the house fboubl 
withdraw from the [Msition it had tfiken up 
. in opposition to Ch« duke, be replied, ' We 



Wcntworth 



kn umler tlio rod. nttd «-« cannot with credit 
or nafety yieliL Sinco we e»l liere, Ibe sub- 
ject« baiw lost « aubMdy *t wul' Iu N'nveu- 
DDf leS'li, wlicn a nflvr puliament wu cun- 
templated, he W8« mutUi tihcriirof VorkKliirw 
to |)n-rcnt hiH Hitting in the lit)tu)<). Yet 
CharW could not but be anmre that liiscon- 
duct bad dirtered from thai of the oilier mem- 
bers of tbr late i>arii(iini>Qt, who n'«r8 treated 
in the Bftinc way. ' Wcntworth,' hr r&- 
msrkod, ' is an liDoeiti tientleinan' ti'fr. i. itV). 
IIm 4liQeT«no> between Wentworth and the 
other opponenti> uf tbv court wu» uo Ivte 
8lrotiBly shown by tiln own words writTfH 
not lon;^ after he had been mnrked fur exclu- 
noa£ranilhel(otis«orComnioti«. ' MymW,' 
be wrot«, ' whirh I will never trtiiisgniMt, is 
DOret to contend with tbii prcroj^ntiw out 
of parliament, nor yt't to oonl.wt with a king 
but wlim I am constrained Ibereunto, or 
vine make shipwrf^k of my ptnee of 
oonsciencft. which 1 trust God will e^er 
btwa ID* with, and with courage, too, to 
preaerre it ' (ih. i. Hi). 

It wiu thi« tniKfortiine of OUarlds and 
Bneking-ham thst they knew not how to 
OonTert a half-lieartod opponent into a friend. 
So fnr from nfviocintin^ hinwelf with the 
attack on nuekin^ham, Wentworth, on n 
rumour that the praiidercT of tlio council 
of thti north was vocaut, wrote to a&k for 
[he appointment {Statf P^per*, Dom. xviii. 
1 im. There wm no vnciincy. but in Easier 
term h(> came lo l^ndon, wan introduced to 
the diike. and was fnvoiirably received 
{Strafford Letten.i. 'i'y). Vet on (i .July 
hin nam'' appejir* on a li.4t of the opponents 
of th'i court to be dismissed froiuthu iiutice- 
ahip of the jwace (ffarl. MS, SBH, f. 
SOT), and Wentworth nMordingly luat thin 
olficc,togelberwith that of cimlonrotulonim, 
which was pvcn back to ftir John ^rile, 
from whom he had previouely wrested it. 
The blow wa.1 the more ki-«nly felt as the 
letter of di5iiii!(«al wa» hniided to him oa h« 
WAS aitling OA bifch «horilf in hia court at 
York. From the languuifv uwd bv him in 
annoLincinR hi.« los* of place, it would appear 
that he had rpfuned to perform Dome Korvice 
requircdof him, probably tonupport. ('harWn 
damand of a free gift from hia aubjecta. 
Subsequently, when the free (pft- reappeared 
in the ahape of a forced Inan. Wontworth 
refuaing to pay liJ* quota, was placed in con- 
finoQivnl in Ike .Marxhalai.a in May ]6ii^7, 
though after six wl>cI(»' impriaonnient he 
was allowed (on-tin^to Oartlord. under the 
obligation not to Atir mure than two miles 
fVom thn place {^Straffwnl Lrll^t, ii, 430). 
At thi« time he aenm-i to have held that as 
parliuacnt had no ri^ht U> vncioach on the 




L 




king by nsurptng ax<tcutir« fanctiona, w the 
king had no right to levy taxes without the 
coiMftnt of parliament. It ia not aDliUf 
that hia support of the latter propoailion wm 
stnmgtiiened partly by bis f^aiM.- of mmoal 
wrong, partly bv htj> dislike of Ituckinnha ' 
rash foreign poUcy, which had involved 



country in a war with Franc© in addi 
that withtjpaia. 



?nua 






f' of sol- 
ieirb.^ 
hat^H 

-tbatH 
heeoo^^ 



In tbisspirit, when CharUw'a third j, 
munt mot on 17 March \fi'2S, WiqitwonI 
i^me to an agreemtnit with the parlia- 
nii-ulary leaders to drop the attack on Bock- 
inghain and to vindicate the violated righu 
of the anbiect. ( hi thn Stfod he spoke itrongly 
on the illvgaliiy of 'tha raiatng of lava 
ntmngthi^ned by commissions with unhaani- 
of iDEt niciLona and oatha, the billeting of sol- 
diers by the licutenaata and deputvliml 
nnla.' At tlie Mine timo be urgBif that 
fault wan in the kingV inst rumcnta, : 
the king himsolf. A priry coiinoJI — tbati 
to say a secret cnimril, K]>art from the i 
fititutional council of the king~-had bo* 
introduonl, ' ravishing at once th« spfaocs 
of 'all ancient govenim^nt,' mn expreaaioa 
which shows Wentworth lohavrbeen a dili- 
gent rea der of Racon's essays ( /duoy om Aifivr- 
Wifion), ' imprisoning lu without hanks sr 
bound*.' AtfiirdcomplaintagaiiurtimpniuMi- 
menl wiihout caitse ahown wna thna addad 
to the two agnin»t forcvd loans and martial 
law niention«l in the earlier |i«irt of the 
xpeech. ThQCOurscWuntworthrecommendal 
was no leaa clearly tndicnti-d. The boiav 
was lo vindicate the 'ancient, sober, and 
vital liberties by n-inforcing of the ancisot 
laws of our anceetora, by aetttng such a 
stnmn upon them as no licentioua Huit ihaU 
dare aemafter lo enter npon them. It was 
for the interest an much of the kiugojof tb 
parli&tnost that this should be done, other- 
wi«e it would ' be inipossible to relieve hiai.' 

A fourth demand, that of the abolition ot 
martial law, vriu^ anvrn-ardi< added. With 
thi^ exception Weulunrlh's speecb oon- 
tained the sulistuice of the future petitioB 
of right, vf^t with this dill'emiae, that 
whercaa the petition dnclarsd the law to 
have been broken, Wentworth merely asked 
that, the law aa it had long existed should 
he clearly explained. In the fallDwiii^ 
week*, the discussion tumnd mainly open 
imprisonment without cause shown, no 
which Charles was particularly obdnnta' 
On 2 April, when then was a debate nn the 
supply needed for the war, Wentworth w 
fuaed even to diseuns foreign complications. 
' IJulats we be aecttred in our liberties, m 
cannot give,' was Mill bis simple gronnd of 
inaction. To see wbetbw tbe kii^ 




Wentworth 



an 



^V'entwo^th 



pirpared tn y'w\d on ihe (lomMtic <)iiestion, 
tie propnsi-d and carrii-d thf aJjcnirnmijnt of 
tht» t[«>batii '■► lliB 4'li. Tliu iidjuummenl 
only brou|;hT a T8ffii«< nssumnce from C'h&rlos 
tbikt the libvTtivs of liis i-uliJ4>ct« vpto in no 
dBiipvr. Wh«ii a iii*w tint^iliim of ibeUing'.s 
ri(rl>l to pTPBS aaldk'fa for foreign service wan 
n»iMT<I liy 8pli)nii, WeJitwofth currtptl it inn- 
tion rpferriDg it M n cummttri't!. 

Ho Tfti- US WAR in Ifaow dtiys potsibl^, 
M'cnl worth Biiiotl forlli M thit lea^Toftbc 
IIoiiw?af CoTninnnH. ItcprevGRling fiiithri.illjr 
thf p^m■^ftl tdnppr in fiivour of an necom- 
tnodation «itli Cliaileiit on tlic ljii!*i» of liifl 
abnnctaDUM'Dt of wliul Vfitre understood to bo 
uncoD^litutionBl claiina, ht>sucurDd th<; ndop- 
tvm (4 April) in (rommiltiHj of xnpply of a 
tonlian tliACtivfiaubHidi^^ashoiiMbi! irmntvcl, 
wilh(>tiLMp«cilii'«tionof tk?]>ur{>o*'.'*l'> n'liich 
they W*M to hp Bjipliprf. Uf follnw-cd up 
thin fiiectx^ by c^rr5ia^anDtJier motion thai 
00 n'pnrt of ilic KTnnr. should be mnAi- \ct rhci 
house, so tiiat tlit' kiag could not, aa he Lud 
donia kfter Iho seMion of 1026, demand [wy- 
inent, in the iJiap« of a forced loan, of nibsi- 
dies on th^ grounil tluf the hoitae had <ii}(ni' 
Hn) il« ftppravnl of a tyrant, though no bill 
had been iiii»j#-J on thti mibiML Tlie present 
oir»>r, ait %S L'ntwoTth iwid, waa conditional on 
tin- «rttl«m«>nt iif th*> fundamental lilwrtiis*. 
To Mcurethia, WnnCworthaaked thataaub- 
cummitU't be appointed to draw up a bill in 
whit'h t!i''MT li)i<t[iiiT« iilioiilii be »'■! f'irlli. 

Wcntworib Wftfl now known as the man 
' whd liiith the KreJitest airny in piLrliainent.' 
Hut tht> motion to avoid riiponinp tlin ^rant 
had siven olTence t.o the kins, and when the 
fourresolntinnn Iind iho&Bod llin hotiAc and 
had bwn Inid l»fore tint lords, it Ni?vnii''d aa 
if CliarW would, to some e:ictent, find nn 
ally in itiv uppor houw. whidj on ^•'> April 
drew up coiint«r-pmpoaftia, altowinfc the king 
to iuprliton without cauae Bhown. till hu 
found it oonvAfiinnt to do no. In tht^ enm- 
inoiis, Koye. who wa« under Weutwortli'B 
indin^ncw, prnj>o)>i*iI In prn^'irlii for the caw by 
the more ready iMUP of writ o!habta» rvrput, 
and by nn enactment thnt ' if thpre be no 
cftUi<cofdet«itiinK Upon that writ,' thi'priaoniT 
was ' to be delivered.' Wentworth supported 
NoTc'a doaire of procoe<]ing by a oill de- 
chtring 'that Bnin; «hall Im oommitlod with- 
mit abowinfr cause,' with a penalty attarhed 
tn ita violation. If it was rinlatcd, ho addud, 
' rat any enMVi-nt cau«<>, hi? think* no uinn 
alinll Hod fniih with it.' Wentworth's view 
of \h'- ciuc was what it retnainvd to t hi- vm\. 
Trft the law bn iloclnrisl with provision for 
WiforcioB' it. If tome rt«l Bocessity arose, 
let rhft kinf^ ti»r hi» prerogative boldly, and 
Uw for the aafeiv of the 8ta.te. 




The real w«akne«s of Wentworth's potitioo 
lay in the impomibilily of Bocuritt^ that 
Charles would not ditcovvr a iKeeasity 
where it could beaoenbynooneelMC. Wtmi- 
worth'a pr»|]oml wa>, howover, adopted, and 
on 2>( April a bill wmi hmnj^hl min lh«< 
house by a sub^cuuimiitee, making no re- 
ferenef! to the pa»t cunduct of ths unvern- 
ment, but declaring in set tenna That by (he 
exUliiij); law t-vfirj- freeman commitled by 
thu king's sole coounand wu to be builod or 
delivf rvrl, that no tax, tallaiie, or ot her iui po- 
sition was to ho levied, nor mldier billeted. 
The question of martial law was left over 
for further considention. Un 1 May \Vejit> 
worth nroposed to modify thu bill by Eoft^n- 
in^ it nown. it would be enough' In con- 
tirm the old laws, addinf; thnt eviry prianner 
should be bailed if cauiw weT«< not shown in 
the writ. Tliore would then be no denial of 
l)iekinv'ari(;bt to commit ; bnt whenever he 
did commit without sliowinpciiuse on which 
the ]iri«nnpr could bt.' tried, tlie jadgiss would 
be rf-(]iiir^d to bail him. 

Wi'ncworth might carry tbo hoti»ti with 
him ; he could nor depend on the king. 
Cbarlea replied by a mtv»&gvai>lf ing the house 
to depend on his royal word and promlw; 
aud Ntcretary Coke explained that whatever 
laws ULrliameot might ])lHn«> to make, he 
mhouhi tlnd it lus duty to commit without 
showing cauM.' to any one but the king. The 
ground wa« thus cut from utvdiT Went worth's 
fv«t. On 2 May, indeed, ho replied thai, 
though the Iioii.te had no (ground of complaint 
ugainat the king, the law had been vioInU'd 
by his luiniMtnnt, and a bill waa thcrefiiru 
needed. 'V\xa house drew an a remonaTrance 
tn tiriiifi^ihesnbitance of ^^ entworth'sar|{u- 
ment befont the king, and thia remonatronce 
was presented on ft .May. (Jbarlea wuuld 
have none of Went wort h's bi II, and he mcri'ly 
offered to contirm iho old laws * without 
additiODA,paraphraiies, or explanations.' For 
the rwt, the huuc^ must be content with 
Ilia royal word. Wnntworlli':? m>>diation be- 
TwecQ king and parliament had hnpe)e»sl7 
broken down hv Ili"> obslinncy of the king. 
It was not for fiim tn h-ad the house further. 
Thi' p»tition of right occupi«id the ptacv of 
hia bill, but it wm drawn up by other handR. 
When it wtta before the houM, indoed, he 
faroiired itA modification in such a way «« i 
Hfwure the cciueot of thu lords, and Cii 
(L'3 May) cams intocoUisiou with Kliot; but 
he t>xpr«-»eed hid geaeral concurrenco in the 
l>etiliou tta it atood. Oharloa had left no 
oilier couDH) open lo him. On 7 June the 
petilionwaMRtTi-ptudhythekiQgCQiBDiKBB, 
>/i>r.o/Biy/ffHJ,vi.L'.10-.'»tt,wilhreferenoHfi 
to the original evidence). 



Wentworth 



»74 



IVenhvorth 



On 22 Julj followini; W<>ntwonh was 
ci«kt«d Uaron Wentworth, and on 10 the. 
he oxchuifp^ his bAronwt> for a riscountcy. 
with tlH.> Mcoe tiU«. On 2'> l>«c. b« ww 
ftppatnted prMident of the council of the 
north, Wtiat is luually tt\l*>«l his apustocy 
wai thus AccampllAhet] before tbtt en<i nf tlw 
year. That thun: was no n*l or pretended 
cbSiiigi' of prinri]]!)! ih nbvioiia. \\ iMitworth 
had sought to limit tbe pow-erHorm,TaUT,a« 
hid bfH^n doiu- in tbi>|>«t)ttonof right, for the 
nke of the king iih wpII an nf hi« ftuhjcct*, 
but be li«d nerer shown any d«site to traiu- 
f«r the eontrol of the ex«eutiv* from the 
king to parlianwiit, or to favour the growth 
afpantanism in thu church. Il waa, bow- 
ertv, fteeaaly thwe two pointa an which tb« 
Houae of Common* bad put forward clatnu 
at tbn close of the ieatton of 1638, and wen 
Ukriy to put forward claims in tlia comiiis uw 
■ion of 16^^. Yet there oould be no doiiht 
tbnt a cbang« of pmitioii would bring witli 
it a chiinge of view. Few men, and leAM of 
all toea ot W'entworth's strength of will, 
oonid l>c cxpf-ctt^d to see things in the Mme 
way after ccasio^ to be critics and becoming 
acti^rs. At wivl^ing the •-iccculivc powers 
of thu crown in the north, Wentworth would 
soon como to rej^urd I lie crotni ba tbe sole 
upholder of the righta of tbu atatc, and all 
who oppnjiMl it aa engaged inlliedeatnirlivH 
work of wf^okening thi^ authority without 
which the statv woidd dissolve into atoms. 
In the apench which he di>livered on 31} Da;. 
to the oooBcil of the nurtb, hu set forth his 
Oonoaption of Un.- unity "f int^-rwot which 
ong^t to prevail belwcon king and people in 
terms wwch would havtr KAtiatird itacon : 
'To the joint indivicliiAl well-hfling of ttove- 
reigotf and subjection,' he said, ' do I here 
TOW all tny cares and diligonees through 
the whole CDurto of my ministry. 1 conf««s 
I am not ignorant how some distempered 
minds bnvv of late very of^en endeavootcd 
to dtviflft tliD consiJ^^ration-i of the two, as 
if their end wert* dieuncl, uui the siutic — 
nay, in opp<mitinn ; a nioiiAtriiUA, a pnvdi- 
gioui) hirt.n nf a licentious concptitiou, for so 
we would become sll head nr »I3 inemWr*, 
. . . PrincpH arc to h^i: the indul|?i'nl nuriting 
fftLbcTx to their people; their modest libertie», 
their sober rights ought to lif precious in their 
eyes, the bnujchiis of their government to 
h« for aliadow, for habitation, the comfort of 
Iif<>. [The people] reposusafL' and still under 
thf iirotei.tinn of their aceplrai. SubJMrtii, 
on l.h.' other side, ought, with solicitous eyes 
of jealousy, to watch ovpr tliP pn^rogatives 
of a cn>wn. Tlic Authority nf a king is the 
keystone which cloeeth up the arch of order 
and government, which conlaitis each part 



ia du<> niilstion to the whole, and 
once shaken, indrm'd, all the fraatu 
together into a confused heap of foundalioe 
and battlement of Ptn.'ugtn ami bouitr* 
(printed from Tanner MS.S. Ixxit. 800in .4n»- 
armjf, 5 Juno 1870). Wentworth'a coodep- 
tion of parliament :•, in nhort, was rstherthai 
which pterails in Oennany at the prescal 
day thnn that which wss already growiag 
in England in the minds of the pariiamen- 
tarr ItMulers. 

Whether W«ntworth tonk any part in Iht 
debates of the House of Lord« in the sbott 
BMsion of 16*29 we have no means of know- 
ing. But it may bt- Mfvly conjectured that 
he regarded the llouwe of I'timmciiu as whoDy 
in th« wrong in thu events which hrA totu 
dtsaolution. Karly In Sfpti-mberbeobtained 
knowledge of a paper writt.'ii by ftir Robtrt 
Dudley in I(fl4 nrcommendintf Jamts H 
erect a military despotism in [England. He 
at oooe took it to CharW, who ou lO Not 
1629 made him a privr councillor aa a rr- ^ 
ward for hie loyalty, as it was iiufi[)ected tbai 
the paper was bein^ciTCuhited bribe laadtsa 
of the opposition as indicating CiiarWs IfM 
intentions. In November UiSO he spolor 
slronglr in the Siar~chumher iigfunst .\]fi- 
aiider Leighton (IAIIH-]l>i»> (|- v.j, and it 
ii> said that a common feeling ogaina'i aggree- 
Htve piintantKni drew him on that nccaaiim 
tocontracl an intimate friendithip with [.aod, 
which continued to hie denth (LErnHlwc, 
Upitumf, \(il6). On WVulvrorth's actim in 
the priry council in theoe y^wrs we have m 
evidnncn, and it is certain that he had not. 
atthis time, the predominant inttiiouce whicli 
has been sub>eqt»ently atiribulod to him. 

In October 1631 ^^'.-ntworth loU his 
second wife, the mother of his childn-n. At 
York thcn> wa« a strong fiteling nf Hympalhy 
with thf lord pi\-«idvnC lo his tJ<ouble. 'TIm 
whole city ' had ' a tace of moumiog ; n««f 
any woman so magniGed and Urn^nt^ enn 
of thoae who never saw her face * (/Wftir 
Correttpmdeaoe, ii. 337). In October lVt33 
Wentworth married hi* third wife, EUn- 
bet.h, daughter of Sir Godfrey and grand- 
dnughter of Francis Kodes '{\. v.] 

In governing the north. Weatwocth's main 
difficulties aroiie from the apirit of indcpeii- 
denCL- shown bv the gentry and nobility in 
a dtetriei in which tba idea of the preioni- 
nance of the state had made less pujgiwa 
than in the more thickly papulated and 
weiilthier Mtiiilli. Hi" first c<m met was with 
Henry Rellasys, the son of l^rd Panooo- 
berg, who, coming into the hall in which 
Wentworth was sitting with the coui»i1| 
neglected to moke the customary l aT ai aaee. 
and kept his head coveivd when thajari. 



'enhvorti 



»73 



^entwortr 



prusidt.i)( left tbv room. BellMys vu •«Rt 
before lUeprivv council nt Wi^&tminater, and, 
aftvr b mDntk's imprisuamc^nt, itKi'<--«^ ou 
6 May IKtl to inukt- <Iur nuhtniiuiuii botli 
there and at York (HuftFlwoKtH, ii. 88). 
Moro importunt wiw tluj stnigglfi with Sir 
l>avidI'*ouli!i j].v.], iiRont vKonmi nxteivtvln 
grant of I&mJs from Jsmea I, tind Ts-ho, afti*r 
•ssoilinff Wentwort ir« personol honesty, 
urged toe Blieriff of lb«? county lu refuse 
obeditiaeo M the president's summons to 
York, on the ground llmt ttiv couiii.'tl of the 
north had been er^t^d bvthe king's com- 
SttilMB, nod not by act ol'puliaiauttl, {ib. li. 
S06). Wentwortli ttood forth iti liMfi-ncft <if 
tilt! prarogaiive. In a lettfir written to 
Carlwl* on ii S«pt. 1«33 iFomlfr MSS. 
in rha South Kenoin^on Museum') Hh to>ik 
liiit stand on thf n«cwsitv of prevputing suV 
jectA JTom imposing conditions on the king, 
IS bis eyes the cause of otfence in the lost 
parliament nft«r xhc aci^cpTnnco of the poti- 
lion of rif:ht. VVheu t'ouUs attvniptud to 
bar^in writh Charlea byoSerinif to gain him 
lifae afleciion* of tho p.'niry if hi' wuru him- 
flelf taken into favour, WVntwortb'a wrath 
blued higher. Hi^ mai^ety, he Raid, would 
but gain by amkin^f E'''oiiliit iin i.^xnmplr of 
bis justice. Ordinary men were not to ho 
allowixl to barjniin with the king (Went- 
wonh to Carliilf, l' 1 I let., in thp T'refaci? to 
Cal. «fl/e Ptipern. Dom. I031-3). To \V«nt- 
wort-Ii th« kiiiff wiw th'.> dvpository of the 
idea of the state, callM on to execute ui-itico 
witliout f(Mir of persons or parlies. |n itn; 
wnd Foulis yrM punished with Qnc and im- 
prisonmeut by a sentence in the Ktar-cliaiu- 
Dor. Lord Eur«, too, roeistod on order in 
cbancvry in his houM at Malton till ^^'L>llt- 
worth ordered up guna from .SciirboroutfU 
Uustk', and had them fired at hia house in 
Malton. SirThomaa Gower, liaving insulU'd 
tha king's attomev at York, took refuge in 
IiOcdou, and, on I hi- plita that ]i# was nitt of 
the jurisdiction of the northern rircuit^dmre 
off Wentworth'n officera who attempted to 
•iTBHt him in Hnlbom. Charltts took Went* 
worth's part, and on 2l March HmS a new 
apt of inatrucli«Di> wer« issued (UyuGit, six. 
410},giTint; the fullest pouiblu puwvis to th» 
council of the north. 

By thi* lime Wcntworlb, though atill 
enniinuina prfaideut ami exirCutinB his 
oflin' by u«puty, hud been transferrM to a 
wid«r apbfre of action. On 12 Jan. 1632 
he had been appointM lord df^piity of 
Ireland, thou^'b Ii-.' <liil not enter Dublin till 
23 July l&tS. liis first dilTicnUv was likely 
tosriiw, not from the nutivelriiib,l>ut from the 
English immijrraiit^ or their deacendanta, 
who occupied all p':i«t« iu Dublin, wjre 

TOL. LX. 




■eat«d at the council tablv, and had the 
«ar of influential pcraonagea at th«>4-uiirt of 
Cliarlos himsi'lf. Aucunliugly wbilo atiU 
ill Knglaiiil Wentworth had drawn up pro* 
posala securing the Iri^ii nn-enue agatnaC 
uncroaefani«nt«,itniipr»tnctinghimsi^lf«Kainat 
the granting of n'rits by the king bi'hind 
liis back, and lhe«e pnipoaals were on 
2a Feb. 1031*, by (rbarhw's order, rogisuspod 
in the council book, that ihoy might 
not be diamgarded {Strajford Letters, i. 
65). Uls own government was to be, «©• 
cording to the watchword frcqueDtly found 
in his carrecpoodeDce with Laud, ' thomugh ' 
— that ill to tiay. founded on a compluto dinn** 
gard of private inleri'sle, with a view to the 
<*<(uhliKhinir[it, for thn^oiid of th<i whole (im- 
munity, of the royal power aa the emhodi- 
roeut of the alnft^ On h in arrival in Dublin 
lie foun^ that the contribution which had 
been granted by an informal assembly ia 
retufB for the grant by Obarlea of cetiain 
'graces' was ooming'to an end, but be 
obtained its rcuowat for a year by mingling 
hopes of a parliament with biois that he 
would otherwise be compelled to eiuct tho 
mouL'y by force. Btnng thus enabled lo pay 
bin Noldier*, he reduced Iii.i little aruiy to 
discipline. It was to th» army that he 
looked to SVCure his powrr in the Inst n^urt ; 
I bat be hoped rather to build it up on tho 
I hsAiA of good gareminunt, fostering tne mat»- 
' rial prosperity of the counlrv. The piracy 
which woe rife in St. OeorgeV Clianiiel woa 
put down. Schemes were entertained for 
I opening commerce with Spain. The growth 
I of ilax was introduced ana industry of every 
kind eacooragod, except that, with the view 
I of r<,-i]di.Ting Iceland dvpeudeuL ou Eiigluud, 
!he exportation of salt was to he a monopoly 
I iu thi? hands of the Kuvi.>rnuient, uud any ot- 
I tempt to mjuiu fillet II FIT wooll(<n cloth waa to 
be aiscoumgEd. Wentworth's aim waa in 
the end to mnkr^ Irivlitntui ilh prOMprrous aa 
Kntflislimen were, but at the some time to 
make them as like Enplinbmi^n as powible. 
in order thai they might be iNjiially loyal 
to the EnRlish crown. 

Wentworth was thus brought to R#ek the 
niforiu -.ii the protatont cburob iu Ireland, 
which wad far from being in a stata to win 
tho hearts uf Irishmen. Tbe uccleaiailical 
courta wera merw machines for extortion, 
fiparcelv a minbtor was capable of addn»8- 
iog an Irishman in his own tongue. Chnrchea 
w.>rft in rnina, the clergy imporeri.ihed nn4 
itifnoront, and their reveuuesoften in the hands 
i)f thulaity. Tlw Karl of Cork, for instance, 
had secured the revenues of the bishopric uf 
Lianiore, worth l,U(X)/. a year, by tbe annual 
paymiiui uf '101. Weulworch ordered a suit 

T 



/ 



Wentworih 



' 



to be oomm^nced acaimt him in ibr CMtIf 
chamber, and coiiiiH.-il«nl lum tu (Ji^rgt? liu 
pnj- Tbc Mime. nAblwnftn bml butlt » 
gorgeous tomb for hb jeeeued wife in St, 
I^trick's C)itli(Hlrnl, in thi! nbicp on wfaioli 
Uie liiffh iilcitr had unci! stood, Wfrnlwortli 
comtwlled Iiim to remove it to aii^tb^r part 
of tlic ctiiir«ii. Pomi! kind of «lrt*-ncy he 
enforced in the ceremonial of the church, 
tlkouff)i far »hon of that which Laud waa 
eoforctna ■» Kuftland. la Nuviinbvr UC34 
he forcod tl>0 Irish convocation to subut itutt^ 
the articlvs of thi' vhurchuf KarUnd fur thv 
Calviitifitic ones drawn uy liy roohKr which 
they bad prvriiHisIy adopted Ho aim aet 
hinuwir In tijppivMK tb*i puritan practtOM of 
the Ulster settl<^rs, ranst of whnm watr 
8oot«. Bnt h)» innin viTnn wn« kept for tbe 
Keowyof the propertv of fbi> church m bu 
iiidaoemeat'lq,^Hl of xeal and ability in 
RnftlAod ro Dm^^fn^fcrmtnt in Irekud. 

To jtecurea aupply of moit^; which would 
enable him to carry out bin objects till the 
growth of prospcritT should givu him ■ oon- 
slant revenue, Wentwortfa r»comin«ndM! 
Ch&rlii8 to alluw bim to summon parliament. 
An Irish parttainrnt did nut, like an Cn);UKh 
parliament, renre^nt a tolerably unit<>d 
nation. It binl bwn so manipulated u to 
contain a lurgfl miiirtrity of reprcicntattTes 
of EnKli«h and Scottish immigrants, 
annther birffA mint^ricy repreMnttnf; the 
itoraan catholics for tbomoM part of Anglo- 
Norman dMcent, besides a small nurabor of 
officials who oonld form a majority by 
throwing their weight to one side or tbv 
other. I^uch a body eerily lont itaelf to 
msna^emenl, and Wvutworth intvudpd it lo 
b« managed, i'arliament met on 11 July 
1634. In hta upi-niiig Hun^ecb tbu lord dupuly 
frankly df^clariv'] thai itw king hH>lird to the 
ffli'mbitrs to |H3y otl' his debts, and lo fiU up 
the deficit of 20,000^ a year. It vtm bt-neath 
Ilia master's dignitTf bti said, to 'come at 
«T«ry ypar'a end, with his hat in his hand, 
to entreat tlint you wonid be pleased to pre- 
serve yourselves." If they would trust the 
king by votin;^ euppUes in this session, thore 
should 1w aaotb«r su^ion for r>.'drv«» of griuv- 
anetsa. Let them not run into factions divid- 
iug between catfaulioandpruleslant, English 
and Irish; ahovn all, Ifit tlitrm innkr' um divi- 
sion between hing and jieopli-, * Mret .-eruin 
is it that tlicirwplI-U'ingis iudividually one 
and the samp, their inten>sls wovttn up 
to^hsr with 80 tt'nder and close threads aa 
ca,nnot be pulled miinder witliont a. rent in 
the commonwealth ' (Stra^orti JMlem, i. 
::^86). A test division sh^^iwcd that Ibe 
prat«stant membere, reinforcml by tlio 
oBieiatSj were in a majority of eight. On 




18 July six subsidies were Toted, and m 
S Aug. iiarliamcnt was pruroifupd. On , 
20 Sep! . Weiitworlb asked the king for ui_j 
earldom as a sit^i of his EUpport in theOJ 
»trti^lf on which he was rmbarkfi), but 
met with a denial from Charles, who Idai 
tnhv lh»i originator of his own faronn {A, 
i. 801,331). 

The second session of parliament con- 
menced on 4 "Hor. What the catholic 
members expected was that Wentwonh 
would introduce bills to confirm the* gneea' 
lo which Charles bad uiTeu his word. X>it 
his announcing that he did not intrad to 
submit all of theso to Wislatioo, they being, 
through tliR absen<»i ormm*? of the'prott^ 
tant members, in a mnjority, broke out iaio 
what Wtntworib hidil to W m mntloy, aod, 
under the leadership of Sir I*iers Cnabj, s 

Erivy councillor, ui^^ tbe r^ectioo ot tooae 
tlUtbatbadbeenlaidbeforothem. Issdes- 
patch to the secretary of state, Wentwonli 
treated their conduct as arising not from a 
aattml anger at seeing iha kuig's promiM 
to them brokeo, bnt from a desire to pronat 
the cause of good government proaperng 
ill Kngli*h bands ; for be wrote, ' Tbw frisrs 
and JMuits fear that these laws would-ooo- 
form tlM-m heri- to tiie manners of Knglttj, 
and in time be a means to lead them on to s 
oonfoflWity in religion and faith also; ther 
eatbcdicly. opposA and fence up every pstb 
li-ading to so good a parpose ; and in'dMd I 
plainly aw that so long as this kingdom coo- 
tinn«« poMsb. they ore not a people for the 
crown ofBogland to be confident oi; whereas 
if they were not still diHempered by the in- 
fusion of these friars and jexuits, I am of 
belief they would be as good and loyal to 
their king as any other Bubji-ct« ' (t^. i. &U).* 
In these words lay the «tr«ng1h and wvsk- 
aeeaof WentworCu't! Irish policy. Hewoold 
strive his best to raiait Ireland tn ths biglMSt 
Rtandard of English well-beins, but bu re- 
forms must be emphatically EngUaE. Hit 
euAonas, tie lielinn, tbe rery raligioa of 
Irishmen, might of neceesity meet' wi'*~ 
contemptuous tolenttoa for a time, but 
was the buuness of goremmeuts 
niately to iw mp them away in order 
Irishmen might at last be happr in ooa^ 
forinin); t^ the English model. V\«ntworth 
througli the retnm of the protaitBM 
ah«ent«vH i«coT«rv<l hix majonty. Be 
stniclr Crosby's name off the privr eounal 
book, and in this and in two other aboil 
sessions in 1fl>^, he obtained the paaosget/ 
a body of lei;islaiion carrying into •fii>ct i^ 
greeter number of the ' graces.' He woidil 
gliully have ki'pt ihi.-« parliamunt in etis- 
tence, Imt Obarlea insisted on a dissolutMo. 



m i 



Went worth 



a7S 



Wentworth 



The 'gnces' whieb Wentworth reftuwl 
to pass into Uw w«re two: one vliich aoTMd 
tocoufinn tluftsniTt) ttlli'8 lu Uud, ana lh« 
other givinv a «{MciaI promittn to tht* land- 
owa<-r» of Uoniuiiglit that their riRht tu 
thvtr f!»tatwi dinitld rwvor again \» 
qtteationod. As far oa the past was con- 
cemeci, it was not that be wanted 1o mite 
lands troxa ovmtn whose tttk'» hud Ikh;!! 
lost or deotroj'ed ia tbe wars which had 
dSTMlstod Ireland : ho mcn^Ij wanted to 
make th« coDC«Mion protitabli< to itiu »tut« ; 
and. with that end m view, he appointed 
commissi OQun to suffotiutc scpunituly with 
the Inudowiien, r«qmnng thnra to hi-1 
aaidu a pnnnanvnt rent to the crown in ran- 
wdifration of a cutitirnmtion of th«iir titli^H. 
The cMi^ of Connaiii^hl -wag part of a larger 
policy, Wi-ntwortli li»d nvt hi« mJod un 
cmrrying fiirthor tlii'' plantation policj of 
Jaro'ee I. Eti{[lish colonista were to be 
settled in tho purely Celtic r«giotu to teach 
tile natirea the advantageH of Enslish 
civillMtion, and in thv m>.'ai»t ime to form 
a garriwn against doiut.«ti>; diaulTucciun or 
foreign in?aaian. It waa wittioiit elfcct ira 
lus mind ihnt in 16^ t)if T'lHttir plan was 
shown not to have etrKCled nil rhnt Itnd 
been expected of it in this direction, and 
that, ia aocordanco with a d(>cn« of thu 
Gngiisb StarHshatnber, the rritT of I^ndoti 
wasdecUred to have forfeileu iCji lands in 
that provinci! for nllowitij;; tli>* nntires to 
euBrooch upon landii wt amrt for thv 
MPtth-rsaiidforothvrsimiUrmifidt-nie&noura; 
whili) it waa ahown in th« progn-as of thu 
inqtiirT that the natives, so far from em- 
hracinjT pr«>teBt«ntism, had remaintd con- 
stant to their own religion. Weutworlli 
naolved to plant Cotmaiight with Enffliah- 
men, and, iv carry all befon.' him^ visitad 
that provin<» in person in the Huniin<>r. Hn 
iDSistud oa thu highly tecbniciU claim ihut 
Coonaught had bevri granlMl in tliv four- 
teenth oentunr to Lione], duko of ('lareni>\ 
ftnd that, King Chnrti'x h<'in){ the duke's heir 
and nreRcriptian not biting availnhlA againflt 
the Ving, all ConnanickC belanjied to the 
crown. In Rowwmmon. Sligo, and >[nyo he 
got juries to pass a verdict in lavour of thi« 
*-iew ofthr- ca«(i. In Oatway the jury being 
rocftlcitrnnt, be &uei the sheriff for rotumin^ 
a packfd jury, sent the jiirrmeii bt^fom tb«i 
castle chainbor to anawor for their action, 
and procured n. decree from t]iti court of 
exch&qiit^'r to set a^ide thnir ndversn v«rdict. 
His proc«rding In this cns>< showed hia 
oharaeter at his worst. In punnit of an 
olgeCt which to him appeared politically 
^pedient^ — the Mttk-mont of EnfirU^hmen in 
lught— he not merely swu])t wide all 



consideration for the wiahea and babtu of 
the jKOple with whom bs waa dealing, bub 

^'u£14fied Lis aetiou by the cuiploymont of 
egal chicanery. After this it waa of little 
import an ci' that CharU's's uUghled word 
hiul hecii )iiv(!ii not to dn the very thing 
which his irajKriouH minister was doing in 
his name. 

So lianth to the feelinga of whole com- 
munities, Wentworth was not likely to avoid 
giving offimeo to private p^rmna, oqKoially 
as he waa sulnect to occasional fits of the 
gout, which aid not, when they occurred, 
render him more forbearing. In Novumber 
1UU4 he Hummoned before aim one liamondfi 
who had rt-fiiacd to cnrry »oino of tbo king's^ 
tiiuber in n vt!«sel bttloii^in^ to himiudr. 
Irritated by Esmond's attitude, hu shook his 
cane at, though it is almost crrtain t.hnt hi* 
did not Htrike, him. lie, however, a^-nl Es- 
mond to prison, wherv he soon afterwErda, 
died of eonsumption, It was st once giveti ' 
out that he died from the conseqameeB < 
u blow inflicted by the lord deputy (cf. 
KuauwoRTH, iii. tW8, with State Fa»n-», 
Dom. ccccxx. Ittt, and a statement by Lord 
Esmond in Stntf Paprr*, Irehiud, undated). 

Went worth's eagt?rin>*n to secure from the 
Enj;lish ofFiciaJs at Dublin the name devotion 
tot EK'Uiiblic Kitrrici: tbnth>*himt>r-tf (liKolHyml 
broiignthim into rollision with IiOrdMount- 
Rorrifl, the vice-lreosErBr and an activf mem- 
ber of llm council. DuHujf the grcAter part 
(jf 163J and the spring of 163rj WentworAi 
had constantly to complain of his iictn ofl 
mfiWcrMition, or al least of irregular pnu>- 
ticee, in the execution of his office. Mount- 
nonia, probably knowing that the eye of the 
lord deputy was upon him, had begun to 
make arrangements for his resignation. In 
April 1035 he broke thcmoS', and announcvdj 
his intention of leaving hia cak in the 1 ' 
hands. Jt ia to bu supposud that he was ' 
coiiraged by tho knnwlbdge that there was4 
party at oourt bostite to Wentworth, and 
that this party was supported Wthepower- 
fhl interiMt of the fiuf^en, who tliidiked 
Wentworth's resistance to her wish to grant 
imug berths in Ireland for her favourites. < 
.Mouninorris wh» now quick to take offencQ.J 
A kiiimnau of Mountnorris having dropped! 
a stool on Wuptworth's gouty fool, Mount-' 
norrix upoko of IhiK evHnt at a dinner at the 
lord c.tiancellor's a^ having been done in re- 
venge. 'But.'hw addod, 'I bar r a broth w 
who would not take tincrh a revenge,' On 
31 July Charles Rave anthority to Went- 
worth to in([iiirf int^ Mount.norris'B mal- 
practioea {^Strafford jAtttrt. i. 448), and ia 
another letter empowered him lo brinffJ 
Mouninorria before a court-martial {S>. 

t2 



^entworth 



>7« 



Wentwoiih 



498). Aft«r Wentworth'* return fmu Con- 
naught the lOiCiuiTT wu htfld to MountnorrWs 
dvtrinMDt (>A. i. 497), atuli^n It'lh-c. W»dU 
worth siunmnaod him before a council of 
war, which C'<[Kli?miii«l him to (li«tb, as b«Og 
a captain in I lie army, for iiKi ting bUbrotber, 
a lieul«nsnt, to revenge hinwif oa tbe 
deputy for a T«al or inutf^inarj imng. 
Wentworth,hnwev*r,onivwani«llofrij!hten 
Mountnorris into n roaij^istion of his office. 
Whea that «nd wa» obtaini-d he waa Mt 
At liberty. Ro much hoatUitj had been 
awalMOsa by than procmdiogs that Woat- 
wiuth thought it advitabia to plead hijt own 
cauM> St rnurr. On 31 June 1630 he made 
a «talviTii;n( b-fure th« couDcil at W«»t- 
ninster netting forth ihflTaarrMlmmimproTC" 
ment of Irish aDsirs eiact he had b«cotne 
deputy iilt. ii. 16). II.- mtiimt'd to Dublin 
with a full BMunmce of the kind's favour. 

'Up to thi* timp, »o far a* we know, Wont- 
wortVe opioiou had tii-Tec bei>a a»ked on 
aAaint outside hi* own departroenl. (hi 
28 Feb. 163" OhaHoe, who had just nv 
c<dr«d the onitiion of Ibu juil^'^a in larour uf 
his rijfht to It-vy «hip-in»ney, consulted him 
on the advUahility of tnkinf; part at iwui in 
the wnr whirh France and other atatea were 
waging iigainsi (.hi- liouw of Austria (ift. ii. 
M), Wcnlwoith'ft adrice,gi»enon31 Murch 
(n^. il. Ad), waft distinctly against war. 
Apart from his dislike of a war with Spain, 
and lii« clr^r viflw of the difficulties wnich 
would attend any attempt to recover tbd 
Pntntinnto, he holcl tlint the king was not yet 
strong enough to go to war at all. It wa» 
true that the opinion of the judfjea in favour 
of tht' legality of ship-monvy woa 'tlio groat- 
«n\. m-rvini that profesii'Dn hath done the 
rrown at any time, but utdesathe king 'were 
declnred to linvw the lika |mwor to raiae a 
land army upon the samo exigent of Ktate,' 
the crown stood but on ' one l^-g at home,' 
and wo« 'oonsiderable but by halve? to fomi^ 
priuc<?« abroad.' To fortify 'this piece' 
would for evctt vindicate ' the royalty at homo 
from under the comlition» and r«.itraint» of 
iiubjrctA.' Ho far had Wentworth travelled. 
It in tnie that he had nevor douo moru than 
aupport parliacaent in refutung Mtpplies ffr- 
quin^d to carry out what he jud^a to be an 
evil policy, yet he had never before so dis- 
tinctly didt'd with thp advocntpji of an ahMi- 
lutt; R'lr-centred monarchy, Bt'twuen him 
and hia old parliain«ntary allies — they had 
never botn more— there was more than a 
difllTi-nn- of jiidgjnent on th'- existing form 
of goTemmotif. Thit nal question was 
whether future' genrtrationit would b« better 
governed if the crown were freed from * the 
conditions and restraoats of snhj«ct«.' 



Wenlworlh'n Hi rnngtb, however, layi 
in action than in I htnir)-, and at the dc 
a progT«as in th" summer of lU-'IT bo tnu 
able to boaat of tht; prospects of nuterial is- 
prorement. ' Uilher w>^an-come,' hewntt 
mND Limeridc. ' through a cotintrr, by njr 
faith, if RswvUhusl)andL<d. built, and peoflfd 
aa are you in England, would ehow it«if 
tiol much inferior (o the very heal yon hire 
there.' Two more dintrirLii, (Irmoode and 
Clare, liad been secured for a plaaislMW, 
and tliat 'which beautira and seaMM tht 
worh exceedingly, with all possible troBtail- 
ment and satisfaction of the [><-o[>I>}' (SMff 
PiT/wvii, Ireland). Wentworth's alt<>iiip4 td 
build up a government in Ireland on lli* 
oonafort of the people came lo nuthinf. 
Eogliahmeu had too much to do at bame, 
and the expected aettlera for Connaugfat in- 
other distrieu were not to be had, and 
Weutworth himself was interrupted by • 
summons to shore up the tottering miwarirltr 
in Kngland. That he nhituld have judfleJ 
fairly tbe men who broke in apoa nk 
iK-nefictmt labount was oot to be expKui. 
To I-aud, writing on 10 April 1638, heei- 
I pressed n wieh that Elampaeo and his llie 
! ■wf're wi'll whipped into their rig;fat seossi' 
! iSlraJTorii Letter*, ii. 15C). In Jaly bt 
ftxpn-ased himself no less strongly on tb* 
Scottish covenant, and rocommended that 
Berwick and CWrliate should hv nrriswl 
and the troops ext-rci^ed during tlw mit/ut 
ill pivnarattoB for an invasion of ScotUadia 
the following summer, when the ports oooU 
htt bbukaduuiiid comoMlivc deecroyed. Tfat 
atrong hand against the nation mtivt be afr 
companied by clemency towards individual. 
No mood w«ji to be nhM on the scsffDM. 
Conquered Scotland was to h<> governed b; 
ncoiiTicil subordinate to the Kngli»b pri^ 
council. The English common praver book 
wftx to be substituted for the newly mvcoted 
ono against which the Scots bad protesbid 
O'A. ii- IH9). \Vhen Charfm prs|iared lor 
war in 1639, Wentworth backed hi* uaituoa 
by sending 2,000f. to tlie king towards tfci 
support of the army. Yet he pnitMtad 
agaiast an inii-aaion being attempted vitb 
a raw army, the only one at Charlee's dis- 

Eosal, and urged him to be conitrtit with • 
locknde of the Scottish ports till he hti 
time In discipline his men. lie bad boa 
too long absenl from England to appncnt* 
the ohftnge of feeling thf-re towanls lb 
crown, and hi> thought it poatdblo that Etig- 
li»b 8ol(ltc-nt would ho cotilent to nerve fi*» 
or six months at their own GXtH>n=>e, and tkat 
after that n parliHiuent would be williiul 
rmnt supplies for the next campaign iS.\ 



V VVentworth 



»77 



Wentworth 



Before ihe rtlue of Wentvnrth'n nclTini 
OOuld bt- l«st«d he was once more in En^ 
land. Some time before lie Icnmt that Crfwby 
andMnuntnorrijImdbe^n cdlWlinnir eridenc-* 
afraiuRt him in the Eitmond cnso. IIu an- 
tic'ipiiK^i itiL-ir attscti by yrMt>i.-cului);llieiuiD 
tlif Siar-chainl*r m the aiilUors iif gnve 
fltatemc'Dtfi circulated tu his diaLT'idit. lliQ 
suit came up for jiiiI|rHi'^nl i" May UUlt'.and 
Weatworth appearwl ti> enforcH hiw viewB. 
Ha had nlro to jiiVifr hiinni'ir iL^iiinRt. (he 
eotnpluint of the Iritili chanctdlor, Lord 
Loftus of Elv, agaioflt nhooi he had given 
Mnt«iic« — as^tt waa ivllr);i^() unrv-iv^onnbl; — 
in favour of bis dauahicr- in- law's cla.liD for 
a aetU«Bent(se(r fort Iie^ whole aflilir, LoFTTH, 
Adah, first Viscoirsr Lonva or Klt, to 
which mav b» added, as an arjiumeut aguinst 
the tnufiicion that \\'eBic>vorch hud bi-un too 
familittr wilh ihf young l.iidv l/iftuit, ihx 
te8t.imnt]T <»f liia intimate frienil Sir G, Rad- 
cliffe, Strafford Irttfrt. H. -J.VO- 

AWntwmth not merely puined his way on 
all these iioint«, but ou 'ii Scpi,, when the 
attemnt To invado Scotland hndbroken dom-n 
and Cnarleswaa be^nnin^ to be disatislled 
witli the r«aulla of the t reaty of Berwick, hu 
,wae admitted by tbn kiiijf lo tbe informal 

^J»sitioii of his f ^ief coiitise lior. It wna lo 
liim that was r»wlrip ili*' mlTiee to Htimmoii 
parliament, cou{il«d wiih tht'»ii|i)iv»1ion that, 
lo make ('harles independent of parliament, 
tbu privy councillore Hhoutd make up a auffi- 
Cient «um an a loan. Iliit advict-.waa ac- 
ceple«), and be himself contributed 20.000/. 
on th«' ■(•ciiritv of the n-ciiNintu' fiiirti in tliK 
north, the coUeei ion of which wasinhiaown 
hands. Before parliament met in KnifUnd 
he WM lo Kvmt Ireland, and to f>iiminon a 
parliament in Dublin to show the way of 
loyalty to the one at MV-^t minster. On 
\'2 Jan. HUO he w&» created ftaron of Itaby 
and Karl of StmlTord. His ci^«umpTion of 

"tbe fiiieof I{uby save dwp oIlL'ni'c to the 
elder Vnne [see \'*Nn, Sik IIkvut. the 
eldvr]. It was. MVB Clarendon. 'an act of 
tb4 moAl unnnTtTMOirv iirovwat ion tlinl 1 
hare known, and I behnve wae tbe cbif^f 
oocaatoii c.f ilie Kms of his hvad.' Hmrtiy 

i ■ftj^nrnrdj'StrnfrordwaHmiih'd tothfi difniiry 
of lord lieutenant of Ireland, lie waa to 
"hrintrwith him fntm that oonntry a (how 
aaud men to serve ngainBi i he Scotn, and was 
himielf named lieutenant-peneral under the 
Karl of NorlUiiinberland, who wae to tak'j 
command of the invadioj; arm v. lli^fore 
leaving for Dublin HtralTord anpiiortO'd the 
elaiinti of HoImtI Sidney, aifrond t^arl of 
Leiceater [q.v.], to the aecrtitaryship about to 
be vacated by Sir John Coho, hut C'hark-« 
refiiMd faia request, and appointed the elder 



Vane. StrafTnnl'R advocacy of LeJeest^r's 
candidature is mainly noticeable a« a btgn at 
hi^ dfrjiire to bo on f^ood terms with tbo 
<jueen, who aUo favoured it. 

On l^ March llUO the lord lieutenant 
landed in Irohuid. lie found tbe i>arliamcut 
already aittini:, and oti the i';ird a majority, 
compoAjd of oHicials and Koman cutliolioB, 
voted four snlHidie.*, or nboul. IHO.OOOt. 
There can be little doubt that the Roman 
('nt.lioIicJiho[H-d bysopporttnf;(.'har]e# against 
tbe covenanters lo obtain toleration forrhfir 
own relifpon. The next day Si rafl'ord wrote 
in fiecrctarr Wind.'banfc tlnU. if only money 
were sent nim in advance of the i^oUfClion 
of the subsidiL's, he would us»i6t the king 
with an army of ninv ihuuMind men from 
Ireland {Slraffoni Letters, \\. l)t>H|. Asaoon 
ti«thtrHe»<ton was ended he r«tiimed toWesl- 
luiofttfr to take hi.* plnce in tbo House uf 
L.jrdfl in tbe Short parliament. He found 
everything in confusion. On 'JS April lb« 
fomroonB rcKolved not to vote aupplioA tilt 
I heir jn-ievancL^ had been redressed. Un this 
Strafford audai'ioii.'ily recommended Charics 
to go in person to Ihe Hou)>e of Lords, and 
to urjfe the peers to dccloru that the king 
ought TO be matisHed before jj^rievuncL* wyre 
presented (Montroui! to Ilellieirre, 10 Mareb, 
m April. Bihi Xat. Fr. IMOo, fol. 81). 
On Ihe 27th Ohnrlua spoke as SlrafTord had- 
angiieisted, and was supported by a maiorit 
of sixfy-'.nii' to twenty-tive. strafTuru li> 
not only guineil the Biipporl of the perm; he 
even obtainud thu nucen'a favour, who now 
in the timi! of p»>nl diacovcred his ralu«. 
ThocnmmonFi, on ttiRothnrhandiOn 27 April 
declared the intervention of the lords to ~ 
a hreach of privilege. On 2 May, tbo kii^ . 
having asked for an immediate answer to hia 
request for money, Strafford announced that 
a refusal would be followed by a diawluliotu 
On the Mrd StraS'onl indued the king to 
hold out a band to thu opposition by allow- 
ing the shiji-money inilgiui'iit to be carried 
lo tbe House of LfiruB upon a writ of error, 
at the am roe timi^ urging him not to rwiuira 
the exact twelve wnhtiidii's wbirii he bad 
authorised Vane to demand, but simply to 
' pat it upon ' the at^l^clions of liia ^iilijecra. 
Charles could not understand the wisdom of 
this course, but- agrued to he content with 

\ no more than eight Huhcidii'e (Whitaxeh, 

I Lifr uf ItndcUJe, p. 23:%). 

I It is uncerluin whether Vane played the 
traitor or oentuada^ th« riieillatirig king to 

' rutumtohisforraerrBSolutinn, Atallevent.s, 
oil lhn4lli hi! aiLnounced lo the e-ommone 
that, if sbip-moneT wa.^ to be abandoned, the 
whole twelve tiubaidies ranst be granted. 

, The honse made furlber demands, but broke 



V. 



Wentworth 



378 



Wentworth 



ua without cominff to a rMolutian. That 
night it wu koown at cuurt that I*ym io- 
tended to movn th»t hautifi at its nt^xl sitting; 
to adopt a petition asking tho king to 
ootne to t«nnB wirh tlm Hcots (Staff Paper*, 
Dom. cooclii. 46, 1 M, lir.; HarL MS. 4P3I, 
f.49). Charles at oocveummoneJ the privy 
council to meet at the unusual hour of 6 
A.K. On a dwlaration by \wav lliat there 
was BO hope that the comTuobfi ' would giT? 
oni) penny, iijlmtford voted nith thu majority 
for a diasolutiou. That naming th^ Khort 

tarliaui'int wua diESoIri'd (Lii'D. Workt, 'n\. 
M ; WHir-VXKR, Lifr 0/ Itadrliffr, p. -JHS). 
Slrafford'fl position wasevidpndy that, while 
hu pri'fvrTT'd to iiccv[it wJintwTpr ntaemabk) 
Anms xhf cotnmnnji wprf> mclined t^ gi^c, Ao 
long ns they 8U|iported the war, he refused 
to hnn^nin with tnem if iliey made it a con- 
dition that the war was to be stopprd. 

Littler in ihc moniinjr a mMling of the 
committee of et^bt appointecl to giw aivieo 
on Scottish aflaua — of which Klrafrurd waaa 
nemboF — was held to diacui^s the situation. 
Vane and ot.hKnt wiNhml tlic kin^ ttt nontt^it 
IiiniBetf with dt'fi-nding England agsinRf. in- 
vasion. StralTord, knuwinir l)ui( it would I •« 
impoBStble tn procure snpplieH for profrarted 
operations, woe esR^r for an otfensive move 
againM St^otUnd whioh ho thought would 
be decisive in a short time. He uived that 
the city should be ivcjuired to lend 100,000/. 
for thi' piirnof, and that ship-monrj ahould 
be coll»cti-d. Northumberland hesitated to 
embark on war with moans sn scanty. '(Jo 
on vigorously.' pepliJ.-d atroflord — at least so 
fiir a» the hurried mites we possess enable ua 
louscurlaiii hislantfuago — 'urWt ihum alone. 
No di>ft*ri8ivi' war; hmt of honour und r*>- 
putuCion. Thi! ^uift of Kngland will hold 
out lotiR. Vcm will lanffuivh iw hotwixt 
Saul nnd David. (Jo on with a vigorous 
war, as you first designed, loose and ab- 
solved from all rtilw of govt-mment ; Ving 
teduced to Hxtreiue necessity, even'thinc is 
to be done that power might admit, and tlhat 
you aro to do. Tbi.-y refusing, rou are ac- 
quirted hefare Ood nnd man. ^ou hare an 
army in Ireland you mav employ hvTc tu 
reduce this kingdom. CVinlldent «« anv- 
thing nndpr hearen. Scotland shall not hoM 
out five months. One summer well em- 
ployed will do it. VenMire all 1 had, I 
would carry it or lose it. Whether a de- 
fensive war is ns impossibli; as an otfi'n^ive, 
or whi'lher lolat them nlono' (Hiit. .l/A'-S. 
Cbmm. 3rd Ki^p. p. It). Later on a question 
was to arise us tu w!i>!ther ihe kingdom lo 
Iki n/diK't^d wsH Ktighsnd or SiMtlsiid. Taking 
the po.4iii(in of the worda In the speech, it is 
Ht luost highly prohable that Knglund was 



intead«d (nee a diKuaMOB of this im 
Hist. ^/Englamt. lOOO-ti, Ix. 138 «.) At 
all eri-ntx, the Irisli araiT was only iatendod 
lo be emptoynd in Kagland in the case t4 
mbollion m that country. I19 primary ewf 
ploymenl would be in Scotland. ^\lthiB 
two days it was rumoured that tbe kiv 
tboucht of using the Irish aimy against ku 
EngUah suttjeeta, is well «a against the Seou 
(MoBtreuil to Bellwvre, 7-17 Mar, SM 
Sat. Fr. I.>W90, fol. 84). From tliat ma- 
ment a strunsfe^ling of wrathful indignaiioa ^ 
agtinst Stnflbrd— 'Blaek Tom Tyrant' si 
be was callvd— arose amoDg hii y»»gii«fc 
cDuntnnDMi. 

M'ilh the government the fim neoctnty 
was to raise money. On 10 May, on the 
refusal of the toed mayor and udemtn 
to take any »t<-p« to raise a loan, Slnflbid 
told the king that uuleu. he luuiged some of 
tlu'in hi? would do no good. Bafll«d in Ik* 
city, .StraSbrd tunii»d to the three Kpanijk 
ambasMuloni then in England, mjuestioic 
tJiem to ask the king of Spain to Usti 
300,000/. IflhesMcuntyofrvndwutltoiirtt 
insuiHcient, that king might confiscate u» 
property of English nvrcnaiita in his bar> 
DOfirs. In the midat of ihi$ agitation Stisf- 
ford was incapacitated from open action hv 
an ftltack of dyscntcrv. On :,'4 Mar, wha 
be was conrale^ceDt. he wai visited fay ihf 
king, and threw off his warm gown t^ 
receive him proucrly. The result was iha: 
lie caught a chill, and for somv days bis life 
was dospuirL-d of. It was not till fi July iltst 
StraSord was aullSciently recovered to taks 
his seat in the council. Bv that timethr 
Irish parliami'ut had provnf ni9tiTf> in thF 
ah.4enc:e of hit ronlniUini; band, bavii^t 
insisted ou a mode of colteciine the ■11V 
■idles voted hy it which would seriouilj 
diminish their amounl. Ncviyrthelns, it wis 
ex|>ected that the Irish army would rw- 
dexvotb* at Carrifiktergus lownnls the end of 
Jaly, in readiness to croaa the cu. In Eag> 



land various schemes tor raiainf 



had 



been tried in vain, ntid the English Ibr 
marching northwards were in a dimatiiAed 
and almost mulinuuii condition. On II Juh 
Ktntttbnl Kup|Hjrl<-d a srhfmDfor the debase- 
ment of the coinage (StaU Paprn, Dam. 
ci:cclix. 77), nnd threatened strong measnm 
against thos<> who opposed it. ukter in ' ' 
month he again pleaded in vain with 
8]>aiiift]i ambaasftdors for a loan, oderinu hif 

fersonal security for the rcpAvment trf 
OlJ.OUIV. n'hen on 30 July a petition agaiorf 
tliu violotiou of tho Mhiit.>rs was presented 
from Vorkidiire, StraRbnl urged that it ahould 
boruj(?L'tedasnnactoFmutiny. tie could MS 
[bal Clinrles bad brought hunaelT to Buohl 



L 



Went«orth 



279 



Wentworth 



pus tfait if ha could be Mved at fcU it eould 
onlr b« by the ruthless i'mulnyment »f de»- 
potic power, ' loOM' BtKl nlj»nl\>-il from all tuIm 
ofgoreramcnt ;' buthefsUc<linthisu>Mcure 
tlio •upport of the kini;. As fnr a» word* 
could give powor he Wl backing enough. 
On 3 Aug. ft patent appr^irUed him 'cap 
tain-^neml m'crlhoonnjr in Iri^land. andor 
«uch III Luffiniid o« tli« king by bi« sign 
niBiiuiil Khali add thereunto to rMiai all in- 
vaaiatiB and i^-dilivuH nttL'tupls iu l'^n^)iiii<i, 
Irf^lnnd, ami Waie.1, and to be )i:d hilo Scot- 
land tlittni to iarode, kill, and Elay.' Uu 
woe to lead thirttci troupa Into ' any of the 
IcingK dAminiona, with pnwer In HiipprMS re- 
beliioa or commoliiins within any of tho 
thret kitif.'rloiiii nr Wales' lAbsirart of the 
pat'.'ni. in i'artf Mii^. i. 'JiOi. 

Tbi» patent is ttu.- bcjtt comcii-nl on Straf- 
fordV iieclaratioa, ' You bavu an army in 
Ireluid you luay employ heru lo t*duc«this 
kingdan.' Thut armv nuvor cruswd tlio wa. 
Thb EnKluth force broke down beforetbe Iriah 
on« waa in a poAition to loore. On 6 Aug. 
Stnfibn! onw more pli-ulnd with thttSpaniih 
unbawadoni for a loan, if it -ksk nut of 
60,00(M, 'niia time thu anibnuadon for* 
warded to the cardinnl-infant ah Bniasela a 
reconraendation thai the requt'st sbonld be 
g;ranti<d, but before an nuswvr crmlrl hr ro 
ccived Ch»rlot<'t> militarv power had fiiUt<n 
into a condition in which it was no longer 
worth hclpinf?. On'iOAuff.iTwaftknfiwnthat ' 
thtt ScoiM hatl crrnwed the Tw^ed. Strafford 
pernueded hiniaelf that such a disf^ncc would 
rally Er(flund round thu kinir. Uti liie :J7lh 
he apiH'uli t) to the gentry of his own county 
of Yorkshire, telling thum that iboy WUN I 
bouml to rr^Ul invaAion 'by (he common | 
law of Kmrland, by ihn Jaw of nuturv, and 
by tbi.' law' of n-niuin' (UtrsiiwOBTll, ii, II', 
3r>). On the very next day. '2i* Auy,. thy 
Scot* defeated Oonway a( Nuwbum.and bin 
b(>at>!ti troop* htid afC«rwnnlH In fall back on 
York, where the main body of the CngliBh 
armT was garhtring in n sullen Tuood. 

TLat aroiy wa4 now virtuiiUy under Straf- 
ford's ootnutand, oa he waa himself lieu- 
tenant-gi.'nvnil ; and Northumberland, thu 
nneraJ, ha<I reiunined in the Houtli in broken 
QMllh. To th(i king Straf!ord mainlainod h!^ 
woDled cV-TTfulttetui. To liiii lioHimi frirtid 
SirO. Raflcliffe hfl nckiinwledced ihn hope- 
leisneas of the situation. ' I'ity nii<_>,' he 
wrote, ■ for hctlt came any man to »rt Ir>« a 
bnsinew. The army altos^ther n><c«&«itoUB 
and uoDrorided of all ntces^ori !■■■•, T>iflt part 
which 1 brint; now wilh iui> from Ditrham, 
the worst 1 ever aaw. Our horm- all cowardly ; 
tbe country from Berwick to York in the 
pow«r of the Scut&; an uiuveresl alfrigbt 



in all : a gennml dianfiwclion to Iks kino's 
service ; none sftnaibls of hia diahonour. In 
one word, here alooe to fight with nil iheae 
erila, without Any odo 1o help. God of hia 
goodneas delii-er me out of this the greatest 
evil of BIT life' (WiiiTAKEli, Life ^ Jiad- 
ciijf, p. -.'iW). 

To some extent Strafford had been right iu 
tbitJiing tluit Ifiiglishtueu would l» rouwd 
by a Seoltisli iiiTnaioo. On lit Sept. he wr* 
^uadi'd the Yorki>hirumen to Kuiip(?n their 
own traiM-d baniln, a MUCceAj) which C'harlea 
rewarded br making him a knight i)f the 
OarttT. Other counlics in tbe northern mid- 
landa oflemed likeE^ to follow the vxatnph' of 
Voi-kahire ; but this feeling did uot extend 
tnthe»ouTh,a»'l l>ondon waa clamouring for 
redress of grievances by meoiu of nn Knglisb 
parliament. On -4 Sopt. th* great ^^nuncil 
of {HTum having met ut York, Ulmrlcs an- 
nounced to it that he had already iu,ued 
writx for n parliuniont. In the gruat council 
StralVord urged iJie UKreMiiTy of raiciing 
200,000/, at once, and a deimtattnn wub sent 
to London to a>k for a iuait to Ihnt amount. 
With till! Stratfnnl'fl intluenet" over affairs 
cuine to nit end. On <i Clet. he Htten)|>ted in 
vain to inapirit thr gr>tar ciiiincil to rutiH 
the demtinas of the Bcot6, and on the 8th 
auggMtftd in u pnvate Utter that ihe re- 
newal of war luiifht be marked hy an uttack 
of the Irish army upon the Scorti.th sclllere 
in UUt^r. with the ob)o« of driving rhcm 
out of Ireland (tV>. p. i'U4i). By Ibis limo 
Strafford knew that the .Scots were prepared 
to nutue liiin us a chief iiieL-iidiory. Wbea, 
on '2» (Jet., the great council held ita la«( 
sceition, even ho did not. venture to advise 
further resiwtiitirj>, and ho kn«w <-notigh of 
the temper of thi: new parliament which hod 
bvthat tiint' boenvlccted lo remain in York- 
shire when it met. 

(*n 3 Nov. Itt40 the Long parliament met, 
andCharle«r either feeling th<.- Tiwd of hia 
counsel or moved by the intrigues of llie 
personal onemii>8 of the carl, sent for him, 
BMuring him that if he came hu ' aUould 
not sulfer in hia peraon, honour, or 
fortune.' Strafford sut out on U Nov. ' witli 
more dnngem bewit, 1 helinve,' ai« he wrote, 
'than ever any man went out of Yorkahift!' 
(WiHTAKKK. Li/e €,/ JiadrHJ}-, pp. 214, 
228), reaching I^ndon on tJte 0th. On 
10 Nov. the parliamentary committee on 
Irifth atFaint nsnied a aub-cotnmitt<:c to 
examine complsiuta that hud nsached it 
from Alounlnorris and other of Stmlford'e 
enemies in Ireland. -Ati ihia aub-commilleu 
was not to meet till the 12lh, it waa 
evident that the lc<adera of the Hoiiee of 
CommoiDi had no intetitiun of acting in 11 




Wentworth 



tSo 



Wentworth 



hmiTT, Wt w n rn ovpuvd to roadwrt k 
itmnaUimftSn Ma StaAHdr* eanAwt, 
■• • MMiatMja nr the i ip i e l n a ti n r -wImA 
woBld imIow m do* emuM. 'Pjm «m tkc 
own molTvd to nil Sb-klRinl to Bcnraat 
M ht. bad in hia pomtmaa n • oopr of th* 
noM* uk«n by Vum «f ib» iBri*t Wa g ui g* 
in IIm commitCM of eight, «ii<d iitt«r^«tcd 
tkem to mean tbit StnAnd fawj jiiipuiil 
nn ur*M«oa of Ragluut by the Irah MfiBf ■ 
Cha the lOtb 9u»ftnd pro po w d to ibv 
loaf to uiCicipst« the blow hj fwrntamnf; » 

of Brther boaa« wbo ml tDritad tlw Scots 
i&CoEaeU(ul(Rc*KWDKra,.*{/ra/^n/'* Trial, 
p. ^; I.Ar», rr4>r*». oi. J»5; Hutcb»- 
ler'a ' MtiiKwn ' in Adaif. .VS. IfioST). 
Oa the llih CbarW wu to hold • nvMW 
in th« Tow«r, and if the ck»mm aaaad bj' 
Scsiftnl wrce arriad tBiilwr m ■nDad 
Ion* woald b« Tvadr to nenva thwoi. 
OhotM** CBort iraa. Bowcmr, foU of ia- 
tr ^y ww i who hatpd SlnSnnl, and tb« pn^ 
jeet wu Mioii cnmraaBirMed to thejK»> 
liaoeotsr^ leMJcn. Oa tJw monuMof the 
llth, wb4-th«r in c4iuM|Maeft lif CAuWb 
iodeeiuoD or becsuw it wu iotcadsd to 
Mil* tb« iMden before lh« KCOtttioa ww 
Irmafrhf , Btnfford •ppcuMl in tlw Hoaa* of 
\jfTA», but •oon Wn without nttcnng > 
word. Tho coamoni wvn ftxeticd ■boat 
ths nriov at ihv Tow«r, end P5D1. witbiii 
toebiM] door*, mnred fnt ■ commiltM to ytt^ 
pare for conference with tb« Ivrds 'and 
tb« charp- against thft K«rl nf Stnffxnl.' 
Tbe cxrauaittee hurriMlly Kt dawn certain 
aoovattknw, and by thn nnlpr of tho Iioimv 
J^rtB at once proceeded to impeach hitn 
before th« lorda. ' I will fro,' um Strafford, 
'and look zay aceiucm in the f«c«.' Wltm 
h« ■rnt'.-d, the lorda took c«r« ibat h« 
aboulil not ApMk, aome of them doabtleu 
beinff afraid \ei,x he >bould bring aninaC 
tbi-m a cliarfcn uf contplieily with the Seota. 
If« wan (inlered to wtlbdraw, and when bs 
retiim'»d he waa told that hi; had hrm com- 
tnitt*^ to tbe nntteman usher. Ilia rMiu(«t 
to bn allowed to 8p<eak wa» r«fus«d. On 
S5 Nor, a pnliminar; charge fl|;atiut him 
wu brought u^ hy tbe comiooas, oa which 
the lord* committed him to the Tower. In 
I tba flrat utlcla It wu declared that he bad 
/ ' traitoroualj endeavoured to aubnert tfan 
L finidammtal Uwa and (roTtrmmont of tbe 
1 ^^oalma of Kngtand and Ireland, and infitrtul 

1 thereof tn introduce an srbirranr and ryranni- 

I cal Kovernment aKsinal law, which be hath 

L dMlart-d by IniitoroDS worrlH, foiin.vi«, and 

^^L actiouD, and by fcvfiav bis majesty advice 
^^^ by force of arm* to compel liiit lovoIftiihiL-cta 




VT). TUawHtkpKqrikswhalai 
tins. Pym aaJ tlw iiiimmim 1 1 i^J g>»olwd 
to wnport two piiipiwiiu«>. fraCtknt Sca^J 
ftH bad ewleaviMRrf to Mbrwrl tk* fia^ 
rnmaJ kwa : aad, wmm^. thu ncfc m 
eadenvymr wa« (aaCaBOHal'to higfc 
Ob 3D Jan. Idtl thedMukd Amn 
hnmgh* into ihm hooaa fay Pjpa 6«ib tbe 
CDomitte* anti tomd whk ifccir | 
Toer did not lauil} Scmflofii, 
God;' he wTotewOimtoih,'! 
catntal in their t^^ngt, mar anj athm 
wmeh I am aoc ih& to amrnve a« bee 
an boneK mw * (Cum, Ormmmir, t. US\ _ 
On X Jan. th» articlM w«f« wcm*^ ly 
tb«hiniaeaad*nttrptot]whitda. wWdv 
th^ eouiA ho iilainil or aot, it «a» 
i^ioaa thnt ife o^ect y tke koone waa ' 
nore politnl thsn bigal. f Tka main mm 
of ita wnth lay partly flt its baSief thai 
StsmOmlhad iatcnM to mvplor tb« liUb 
, hut br 



■n^afunas Sigfiah ma i, b«t Bar nwnin 
ita Wief that iflw wn« to fcgwn bi* libeny 
he wobH «arTT out hia tnlcBiMna. Ii vu 
fcvCbarlea to'aavc Straflari, if b« eooLLlff 
COnTindDf tbe comimm that he badhiatMU 
ahazuknedtbaidm of amngftme, aadthst, is 
any cu«, Sttalbrd, ifbia Ufii wer* HTvd, wooU 
h« exdoded fiom the public serriee. U*- 
haf^xJj no auch nuMluct wa* to be expeel«d 
fronQmrlea. Natonlydid b- t-n tK^Innk 
atmj OB foot, but ba coaii:. " ird is 

the eoniBand of it. <>n 1 1 j A'alta 

Earlc drew attention to tbe dai^vr ftOB 
thi« armT. On tbe 13th tb«hoiue pctitiooed 
for its dubnndmenL By takiiw^ DO 1 ' 
tfaia demand Charles ioarkedly 
Stnflbrd'Bjteril. 

On i-l teb. i^tnfford read lua aniwot 
the lords* bar. Uia trial upon tbe ii 
meat of th« H«ui« oC CoBmooi opmed 
WMfminster Hall on 2:? M*rcfa. TTi* a 
afningt him was etjited by IVm on the 
23n]. Two roniilitulional iiv»traia were at 
issue, Prm, it is tme. failed to do josttn to 
Stralfi^rd. becaiiiw h>> wm» thinkinjK of En^ 
land TSlber than of Ireland, and imagine] tt 
to be safe to Dpbold the aame oonttttutioiial 
nilM in Trehmd that be wiib«d to luuntaii 
or develop in £agLaitd. SinfTard knew tu\ 
more about Ireland than hia arcuaoni. 'but \ 
Ilia main ubjoet wae to defend himself, not 
to propound tbuoriu about government- } 
The vigour with which lie nft the attad 
iruDttd him bvour outatdn the IIouM of 
ConmonA, eeneeiallr m hiii f^'ntral line of 
defenw! uoB toat, whether be wer** jn'il'J ' 
not of the' chnr^ broiifcht a^itut hit 
Ih^y did notconetitiite treeaon. On 5 Aj 
thfc char^ of raiftint; an army of Ir 
papi»u 'for the ruin asd deBtructioa 





Wentworth 



>8i 



Enf^luid uid of liU msjectr'* sot^ecta, nnd 
altt^ring and subverting tlie fundnmeDtftl 
laws and pstablislii.'xl ^on-niuiint of Lliie 



CW^tworthl 



solved to prwlQM the cnpy taliea by th« 
younger wtu) of his fftthcr« notes cm llu 
pnwcediDff* in ili« coniniitii:!« of eutit. On 
kinstliim ' wa* n-jiclii-il! IIa had, it wiifl | llie lOtbtSicrB was a dispute M to Stnifford'a 
nia, dodared that llitf king, if j)aili8iai>iit right to pruducu fn.wli vridfucu in triily to 
fniledtosupp]/ hiin,]nip:lit uKi- 'lu* l>r>:rn|pi- 1 the fresU clur^ihi iinw broiigbt forward by 
tivfl ts he pl(>aaed lo levy what kv needed, tlio nimmon)-, and the lottls decidvd in 
and tlial he should be acquitted of Gwi and SlrnlToivJV fnvmir. Thi- m<tfttng Irokn up 
man if he took *omfi coiinws In mipplr in confuftinn. 

biiDMlf, though it were sftainiit ihe vrilt ' \Vhen the cnmpions returned to thvir 
of his aubJMt!.' Tlio effJer Vam- was own hnum-, il was rcsoWed to proceed by a 
broucht forward a* n witii*^* thnt the i bill of attaind«r, which tbeloids mu»t eiitier 
yrarasi adv<«aliu|7 the employment of the ncr*pT or rvfus''. rjtn oljocted to drop the 

(Irish army tu * n-dui-u this litni^uin' had ' oiiMituiiotial pleadu)frs,aud, though be waa 
been actually nuok'-ii. Slralford urged, in ' obliged lo ttubmit to the first reading of tlie 
reply, that lie had nK-anC to use the Irifih hill, h<* contriri'd on tin- 1:2th to rvgntn the 
•nny in Scvtinnd. T1i» moat prohiibln ••jt- , iiiHiterr. The house abaxidoued its claim to 
(nlanntinn is that Straftbrd'a intention had produce fresh charges. The lords, on the 
teen lo employ it iu Scotland, butlhntlie otlwrhnnd, calW on Htntlfurd lo proceed 
had hypotWfirnlly <rxpn>.i(W>d his readini'i^ ' with his reply to his Bi:K;uBer!i,u< if thj> lower 
to use it in Kngtaud if the itnglisb nobility hoiie^ had manifested no intention of chnng- 
ro« in support of ihrSt-ols,-! 'Incaw of ah- I ing the procrtiun'. (>ii the 13th ^trsfford 
solute neceaaiCy,' he mid. ' ami upon a foreign * made a masterly defenw, asking how a 
lnTaaionofa])6n«Diy,when theenemyiiieillitT numbiT of niisdi*mcanoiint could be held to 
actually entered or niady to i-nt4-r, and ' c^nttitute treason. I'ym argued, Hpeaking 
when all other ordinarv meatiit fail, in Ihi* from his notes, and not as KtrntVord with 
caaolhereisn trust teh by Almifjhiy God ' Mna«si»ted teht'ineuoe, llut the priraner was 
iu Lhf king l>< •■itiiiloy iha biwt nitil iitlnr- guilty of dtTOrcIng the king from his buIh 
most nf hie mt'ans tor thi> preserving of him- 






self and hi« pi'itple, whivh, under favour, he 
cannot take away fmrn himsrOf.' This view 
of the cnse, that nf all fundamentals the 
kingship wns the modt fundamental, was in 
kdtrect oii]in!iition to P^-m's view that thift 
was the position of parliament alone. To 
hie oonstitutional argument StralTonl, with 



jccls. and thni in tliie lay the tteaaon he bad 
eomniilttid. Whatever t'vm might wish, 
the House of Commons insisted on nroceed- 
inir with thi! iLltainder bill, and on tlie Itiih. 
saIcM thi> lonl.i to pcwlpnnctlw trial. Thtt 
lords look offence, and ordered Ihe lawyets 
lo go on with their arguments, Ein the 
IDlh thn commons dp.flnreid Strafford to be 



the eye of a taotician, addled an appeal lo a traitor, and on thu SUt, by a maiority of 

' *^e iat«ieats of the peers. Itow would anv 204 to J>0, it passed th'- attainder hill. It 

'Uieia TOatun; to enter thv king's strtiwMf waa no st9ert>t that the lords were likely to 

' wen liable to be con<Umned as a tmiior take ntfenco at the diRtrust in their judicial 



'have 



deliTering an opitiiuu which uueht to 
te been k«i)l smt.-! 'r When the Inwyt-nr 
who followetl had doue theiir worst iind the 
«edinn w«t« ndjoumcd, ir was known 
> StratTord had gained coiiAidemble sup- 
;8mongthe lordi^ who sal as hisjiidffes. 



"port 1 



chiiraok-r revL-aled bv this nvw procedure. 

It IS evident tliat much depefldod on 
Charles's skill in carrying the lords with 
him in the ronatitnlional !>tniggl<'. 'Tlii^ 
misfortune that is fallen utton you,' be wrote 
to HlraRord, ' lieing iiurli Innt I mu«t Iny by 



.^.aced 



in tl 



To Pym and hi« mlloagUM the evint of ihf thought of employinfr yon hereafter in 
an acquittal seemed lo he a grave public ' my affairs, yet I cannot satisfy myself iu 
calAmity. Thoy kni^w, what has now brsii honour or eoniftoivnct^ without BMunnf^ you 
1 beyond (iisputo. that Charlu* and the now, in ihe midst of vour troubles, that, 
had been considering a plan for the ' upon the word of u ting, you sliall not 
3g the influence of th^ EiigUith army | suftiir in life, honour, or fortune' For a 
north to beat clown nppa«itio» in I time he played his cards well. He entered 
parliament. They knew, too, thai the army | into communication with the parliamentary 
itaelf was di»conteJiti-d for want of pay, Wdi-rx, IVdford, Snvi?, and Pyra, olfering to 
and was readv to rent its displeasure on , admit them to office, pmhaldy on the un- 
parliameot. I'be leader? of the commons I deretunding that some iL-^ser pnni»liment 
wi-n-- more than ever convinc^l that Straf- than death was to be intlicl>'d on KtniH'nrd ; 
ford must be got rid of as a public enemy. I while the lords on 37 April gave a second 
On 7 April -fresh clinrges were foroitght , rcndini^ to the hill, which committed thr;m 
•gaitut hun. (>tt Ihu l^th the commons re- 1 to Dotuing. Whether the nugottatioii broke 




Wcntworth 



a»t 



Wentworth 



dawn tbnmgh Obutea's fuilt or not cannot 
be said. Evva if it wu his Ikiilt, it was ibe 
mom iiirumliciit on liim lo gain over the 
majority of thu peen by BbowLo^ thai bu 
wae nwolrtnl Ui »n<'k SlraiTonl'ii Itlii-nitifiii 
from deatli bv cnnstitutinnal melhods only. 
It i» beyond doubt that li^ and the ^iinwn 
inteodcu to tAVf- liim by a«M«ting him to 
eacape, and at the nme tira« were plottioE j 
to MiM the Towdr, where th«y expected I 
Balfour, ilie tinutvoanl, to be ready to pUy 
into their hands, and to retire to [Wtamonth, 
where tfaev twlieviKl ihu guvurnor, Uohng, 
to bu reaar to admit tlwtm, and then to 
summon Insh and Dntcfaforaoatotheirhelp, 
wLii<] a diamlutinn of pnrliAEnwnt w«a to 
nuder tbeir tmpanf nu h^lpleas. Unluckily 
fbrCbarlca ana StralTord, Bt^mt* of thin pltin 
vu certain to leak out, ejip^inlly aiiOorin^ 
was betraying to l*ym oo much as he knew 
of the SKiY't. On 28 April th^ commons 
leamt that a vesael chartered by Strad'ord's 
secretary had been for tome time lying in 
i\w Thame*, eTidently to enable nim to 
escape. and the kin^ArHittmted rvriiBal todi»- 
banil lhi-lrii>h army incrvusud their tfUBpiciomi. 
Ou the follrtwiiiK day St. Jnhii, itrviiinfton 
die 1(!^1 point bemre the lordE, dunied tiLat 
anyei}n«idi<ration ought to Ix- xhovin to-Stnif- 
ford. ' We pivo law,' hft aftid, • lo har« and 
ievt, because they be beasts Qf clinse ; it was 
nerar accounted eitlmr crii>fltyi>r foul play 
to knock foxes and wolvcn nn thn head . . , 
becanse ttier be beasts of prey.' It wiu< the 
vnwont, not tho pa^t, danfjer to which St- 
John and ih« commoni* weri> lookiiig, and 
tho lords wi!TL> f^dtially comini; round to 
thu same €t>nclu»i<tn. On I Mnr Charles 
tried to stem the tide by assuring the peers 
that hu had rcsulvt-d that Slradbrd waa 
until to iwrvi- him evfo ne a conMahle. On 
2 May, which lLappi>uedtobeaSunday,loo^ 
place f-1i<^ iiinrriiiftr of ihtt PrincaM ^Inry to 
the Prince William of Orange, and there is 
little doubt that the prince brought over 
monev lo enable Clmrlps lo enter on an 
•rraea stru^Le with the commous. On the 
mma day Captain Billingsl^y appoumd at 
the T'lwer gale, askine in the king** luime 
for the admission of a oundred men, only to 
find that Ruirour.thulioutoiiaiu of th(!Towi>r, 
reiuM-d lol(?I him in. Hir.fohtiSuc!tUu|r, too, 
wn!<[^ollcclinfr armfdmen under the pretL-nou 
of li*vviM(r llu'TTi for I'ortiijrMi.'S" wjrvic'r. Thn 
nest day London was wild with excitement. 
A mob ot'sot the House of Lords, crying for 
jnatJce on Slrafford. nrid polled up tli.' nnmps 
of the fitty'iiine members of the House of 
Commons wbo had voted aifainst the bill of 
■tuiuder na < Stmllbrdiana, betrayers of their 
country.' Uf courae (here were wild tales 



bftndiedabontinadditioQtotluiMaowknoi 
to bo true. I'ym «itU att«nipt«d to ahiaU ' 
the king, and ciuried the bouse with bim in 
voting a protestation, binding those whotodt 
it to cndt-avour to Mijipt«iMi plots and coo* 
s|Htacie8. On 4 May tbe proleaiation wai 
taken by the lords. Rumoiim, this time of 
French intervention, were widely apmid. 
and on 6 Hay I'ym at last revpsled kin 
knowledf^c of tbe army plot and of the 
dancar of IVntamouth. 

Toe knowledge which tlielardB now po^ 
sened, oe btlioved thenselvea to passMi,of 
the intriinte* of Oharlea and the quean wa* 
fatal to Straflbrd. They did their best t» 
*top I he (|ucei)'i< iiiltrnded jourat- y ii> I'att*- 
mouth, and on 8 Mayp»aat>d the attainder^ 
bill. All ifaat wan now n-anliiig was tW 
rovalaa-<w>ni. Stra^ord had already acknow- 
ledged that be could no loQ(fi*r avoid bit 
fate. He had alr«ftdy, probably on 4 Slay 
(for the date see GasnuiKB's Iii»t. of Enyi 
ix. IKt:} n.), asked CharVs to |>ns» 1 ht- bill, and, 
by sacriSdn^ bis miuisier, to comu to an 
agreement with his subjects. Un the Htb. 
when th>' utlaindtrr bill wan paasi-d, Loadoo 
was wildly «xcit«d by a rumour that a 
French Ae«t h«d wind Guemsc^v and Jeney. 
Tlie queen's oarriage woa actually at tbe daor 
of W'hitehall to carry her to Portsinoiidk 
When she abandoned Imt design, tbe lords 
smit two deputations to urge Obarlwi In a»- 
aent to the bill. An armra mob flocked to 
Whitehall to enforce their riH|uc-«t. 

StmfTiird niadt' one la^teflbrt. Tnapapar 
addressed lo the king, he aaked himtorefuM 
10 )>ass the bill except conditionally on tti 
K'inu uuderslood tliat he was to pardon tba 
e<irl in respect of life, or otherwise to act it 
' aside in favour of another bill incapaciialing 
, \\\f priaouer from all o!lil^e9 or from giviflfT 
couusut lo the crown, with thv pi'nallvaf 
I hi^li tn'««m aiint^Kinl if the enrl failed la 
fultil iheAe conditions |' l*apers r^'hiting W 
Stmfford,' eil. l-'irtli. CVtrnt/i-w Mutwaaih 
' vol. ix.1 .\ll through the next dav, Monday 
the i^tti. the king nesilat*f<i. Tfaving oIk 
! tnined from the judge* nn opinion that Slnf- 
ford had oommitled treason, he consnltad 
' four bishops. Juxon and L'saber ad>-ised hia 
! lo stand lirm : Williain» urged him to yiald. 
I He could not make up hia mind. A IsM 
! attempt to bribe Balfour lo forwnid lui 
. i<»ea[>c liad Diilnd, and Newport., who wss 
' now constable of the Tower, hod announced 
that if the king did not njuent lo the bill )■ 
would hftvo stralTordexecutj-d witboutlcpl 
warrant. Tbe mob was again bowlinK out- 
side Whilohiill and thrcsitoning violence t« 
tbt! queen and her mother, Before this 
, latter menace Charles gave way, and oa 



ana on i 



Wentworth 



«83 



Wentworth 



10 H*y Iha rOvnl Mji»nt ww given hy eoto- 
miwioii to the bill. Strafford is ttdd 1o 
hav* bwn Burjirlswi by the news, »n<l to h«vr 
«sclaim«d, ' I'ui not j-onr tru&r in princw ! ' 
If be uaed the exprewion, he must Kave re- 
oeiTed im usurancc from CbArlcd that the 
adTicaffiveii m thv e«rl's paper of the ^th 
would be followed out. 

On thu 11th, knowing that )i\» «xocutiun 
waft to taJld place on the followtnc; innmin^, 
Stnfibrd eenl u. [QH«8iij;n Ig Laud, also im- 
pru<on<Kl in thcToiritr, to heut his Miniktw ri.'i 
ne po.'iKed. When, he went forth on \'2 Mny 
1641, Laud rai^vd bit liandH in hluMinf;, and 
then faiRt^d away when his fnond imiwciL 
On Che scaHbld oti Tower Jlill StralTonl told 
ibe rut crowd a&scmblcd to»c« him div that 
hehftd always butiuvud 'parliaments in Kii^- 
land to be the happy eoustitiition of the ' 
kingdom and niition, and the hint moans 
under (ItKl lu malie the ^tinft and htii people j 
happy," asking furthfif whei her it was well 
thut th)i'b<>f{»)ii>'i|I o)^ ^'■■''P'"?)*^"' hiippinvse 
should be written in letters of hlood.' R<^ 
fuuiiff to bind his eyes he, aflvr prayer, 
ipicad forth hi* bandit u a iini to the exiv ' 
eutioner, and iheaxeendedhisUfe. liuwas 
buried at Wentworth>Woodboitae. I 

Viin Dyck twine to have piuntrd Ktrdlbrd 
at least four tiiueH. The best known portrait 
u that of StmlTonl and his Hetrutury, 8ir 
i'hilip Muinwaring ^ij, v.], iiuw in llie uos- < 
session of Sir I'hihp Tatton Malnwaring, 
barl. It wa« engruved by Vattiie and pre- 
fixed loth« 'Stnttrord L^lli-w,' 1730; timr , 
Other engravings of thia portrait are men- i 
tion«d hy Bromley. Another portrait of ' 
8trallnrd by Van ftycli is at >\entwon.h- 
Woodhouse, the seat of Karl Fitxwilliitm, and 
a third btOonfrwi in 18(If> to tlw Earl of 
Home ( C'lt. t'trBl J.'iin ExhA. Noa. ')79, 
ftM). A fonrth, belonging to the Duke of 
Portland, is ut Wvlbuvk, and i^ n-pnHluced , 
in Mr ('. l-'airfax Murray's 'I'atalogue of 
Picturus at Welbeck"(t). ir>). Thtre are nLw 
enfrra^iiiUH by Hollar, Hdiihrakeii, U. IIoui^ 
ton. (4, QloTer, and R. White, and an en- 
gravinf; of StraffonI anil hi* thn* aurviving 
ohildcvn by A>rt.ue ^Rkohlev, p, 7fi). 

Siraflbrd's aims as a alat«aman are esay to 
di»ci-m. A rfffonncr by nature, he sought to 
retain the kiniiiihtp in the pQ>ilion it had 
aO(|uircd under ihe Tiidors^lo be assi.Med 
but not coiitrxdU'd hy parliiBDionl«. To main- 
tain thi;>po»iLiiJii wa.<tiiii]MMJtibie with ('liarlett, 
and Slrairord whb therefore forced into a re- 
action fmm which l1i« Tudor Hovnrvij^^ns luid 
kept ihemselves free. Personally he was 
most htrnhlo by all wlio eubmittod to his 
tnflnenire. with an imjxrioits tempertowarda 
all who Ihwarled him. 



By bis second wifv, ATahxtls HoIIm, Stnf- 
ford hod four children, ihnw of whom out* 
lir(.s) him: William (seobulow); Anne, bom 
in October It)^: and Arabella, boru JnOcio* 
ber 16dU {.Strafford letter*, ii. L'M)). Hy \m 
third wife, EHsnhi^h ftodcs. h« bad a dan^b* 
ter Msrvaret. 

StraRord's honours were forfeited hy hia 
atlaiuder, but his only sou, William, who 
was bom on H June IBi*0, received them all 
by a fresh grant from Charles I on 1 Dec. 
1(!41. In Xiiti'J juirliami'nl reversed his 
father's attainder, and William, alrancly flrst 
Karl of i?tmf)nrd of the second cteation, 
bernme also aecond «arl of th« first errai inn 
in succession to bis fnUier. He waa elected 
K.Q. on 1 April 1661 and F.I!.H. on <i I'eh. 
1868. He mnrried, first, on 27 l-'ub. 1654^, 
Anne ill. \GSit), daughter of Jaues Stanley, 
Mvvnili carl of Derby [<|. v.] : and secondly, 
in 16!»4, Henriefta (rf. 17*.»), dsual'tvr of 
CharleH dc la Koye de Uoclu'foiiMiuld, connt 
of Ifoye and Kouci. He died, without issue 
by eitner wife, on IttOcC. It^b, when all thi^ 
peemp* honouni confyrred on himself or his 
t'ftthi v became extinct, eicrpl t)ie bAronv of 
Itaby, which descended to his nepliew 
Thonift", who was OR 4 Sept. 1711 crtrated 
Karl of .Stratford [natt \Vertwortii,Thomas. 
IU7ii^-l73y]. His estates desct^nded to his 
duughtiT Anne, whu married Edward Wat- 
son, second lord KockinKham, from whom 
was descended the Marquis of Kockinirham, 
Ihu putron of Iturku [m-e Wat80S-Wb»t- 
WORTH, CltAEtES, I7^i I7t>t!]. 

[The msin iniirM of ioformntiftn on Sl»f- 
hrd'n lifo in tli'n Kiirl nf Simllrn-d's J^ttors und 
D*«p»li.'l]>o. l-widon, i730, i vols, fol., in tlio 
appntidis to whii^h nru itninr bingrAplucnl notss 
by Slraffoni's friiiidSir ti. ltniU-ht)n ; tht* work 
was iiiitt*l l-y Willi«in Kiiowl<-r f ({. v.] from tha 
papers of fboinss Waisun, lord Moltna aod 
nftcrwariLi first luan^uiB of Roclunfjbam, great* 
grandnon of .'^irsftbrd, Rvfereuces, bsyctid those 
montioued HhoTs, are iTtTeii io Uardinvr'f HlM. 
of Kngl. Iti(i3'-I2. Thcro is a modrm life b] 
HliMbeth Coopar, I8Bfl, and Htiolher hy John 
Forstpr [q. v.], published in vol. \. o( liis ' Lives 
of theStAtcwn^n of the CVimmonwcalth,' 1R38. 
ItohrK Drcjwnin^a * Scrnfroni: nn Iliklorical 
Tragedy* wiii prwljced nt Cotodi Onrlon on 
2S April 1837 with Mocrf^Juty in ihc titl»-rAIe, 
and waa puhUBhiM^ in thu anmo yisir. It in lie- 
licved that a locRe uumtxir uf Tulumw con- 
laiaing Strafford's uQ|iuhM.ihMl <umwpontlencA 
nrs iu tile poMosHun of Hurl t'ilxwilliam ul 
Wealworili-Wofidhouse.I 3. R. G. 

WENTWORTH, Sir THOMAS, Kai 
WtiNiwoiirii <l'>I3-l<>Gri),i>ldL>st san.bybil 
first wife, of Tbonm* Wentworth, fourth 
baron Wentworth of Kettlesteod and first 
eail of Cleveland yq.vj.waahomat Toddtng- 




Wentworth 



384 



Wentworth 



Md, knigliti^l on 3 FeK 163A R. and enteml 
•t IVinily Collwe, Uxford, In 1U:JH ; in 1631 
be was at The Hsiruv, at. the court of the 
QuwD uf liohemia, who frequeiil ly mentions 
him in her Wt*rs (tett fcvELvJi, letter*, 
nMim). Ik- v/aa with hlx fatLi-r ill Berwick 
in l&UJ, anil woA in the Mroe your returofid 
to both tho Short and Long parlinmcnts : 
but on 25 Nov. 1040 wa« Kuiiimonfil to thfr 
upper Louse in hia father's barony 'of NKtlo 
at«itd- Pnring Ihs twrly part of tlin chil 
w«r(ll142-<'^)hRn(>mmnn<lft(la troopofhorac, 
fint under CbarW, viscoimt Wilmat fq. v,}, 
iffain«t whme Hiiwii&sol h» prcit«st<?u, and 
toeii under Lord (ioriMtr; was presi'nt hi the 
baltica of Cropredr llridgL' ancl Newbury in 
lft44, and i>ljarvd l)iu ruvuls and iotri^UM of 
Princ« (JhnrUit'B difaHtroua campaipl in the 
west in )64ri. In l&U), un OoringV flight 
(o Frauw, tlir chlvf cummitnd f«?II to \Wiit- 
worth, who, fircording to RulEtrodt- (.tf^- 
moiVa, pp. &y-4, 149-6S), 'wai" n»it tluiiiKht 
either of mtfriyn, pipfriiinre, criurttee, or 
wpuiatioii fnough for that trust.' lie was 
mainly resuonaiblL- for tht' drtfi-nt- and snr- 
rMniJernt Torriogtoti on 1 i March Ittltt. He 
also presumed to talk ' i[up>>riou<>ly imd diiu 
respectfully ' tu thr princt- : and, aflvr buintr 
driven from hi* (|iuirttrii at A nil burton, was 
plar«*d OS fc^^ni^ral of thi< horsi' iiiidtT the 
cbii'f ciitrininad "f Ijfinl Itojiloii, witli whom 
and till' i>rim-c lio evi^ntiiallv escaped to the 
SeiHy lalea and Jersey. I» "ifUl.' h« at u>ndcd 
C)iarli-H to Pariii, wh« with him in Scttllntid 
and at Worcaslftr, and forraod mii' of the 
council till the [{ealonition,h>'inKg>?ntleuiiin 
of tht' chamber and maBier of the K-n'monica. 
JliB principal services wen> a diplomni ic nii»- 
eion from L'-oJo^e to IVnmark in 1tir].1,nnd 
tbeor^auiaaiioii and coniiiinnd of tho ' niya) 
regiment offfuairds' in HJfitJ,tbouphhoiecms 
not to bavvbifou prpBi'iU nt the battlL-uf the 
I>iini-H ill IfiW. Afler the lleitoralion he 
retained tliis co]onek-y, n?c:fived GOOf. from 
tbi* kiiijf in N'lVtinibi'r lIHt:), nnd, dying (iti 
•JA Feb. IM't, was buried with Home (tomp al 
bis expense. By his wife I'biladelpljia <f/. 
4 May 16011), dnuRhter of Sir Ferdinando 
Can-y, who was uaturnlised in \0fi-2 and ri>- 
ceived a pension of tJOO^. viry im^piilflrly 
paid, he had uu onty child, Himrleit^i Murin 
\Ventw<irtli[ij.v.j, who succeeded him in the 
barony, A portruit nf Wentworth, {luinted 
in III 10, htdunjpi to Mr. U. IE, Clifion nC Clif- 
ton Hnll, Nottingham, and is reproduced In 
F. W.IIamiUon"s'CJn.>«adierOiiard«.' Lloyd 
credits him with * a very strong constitiition 
and admirable paria for contrivance.' 

(Authuriiies cited under WE^T^uRiii.TiiuMAii, 
E*ai-orCi.tYNiAM»,auJ F.W, llaniilii>n's'ir*«ft- 
dier fluanls, caps. l. and iiu] H. H. D. Jl. 



WENTWORTH, Sib THOMAS. fo« 
Bakok \> EXTwoBTH of Nettlest«*d uid fint 
EiKL or Clevblasd (19t)l-l667>. bom in 
J&ti) , was the eld«r aonof Henri-, tltird boTOB 
Wentworth (d. 16 Ang. 151W), by Anne («t 
May 102-j), daufthter of ^ir Uwcn HoplMi, 
1i«)Utenant of the Tower. Thoma* Went- 
worth, Mcond b«nm [q. v.], wa« h'lM jcraad- 
father. In lAA'* hiii muth*^r married Sir Wil* 
liora Po^(157S-1ti31) of Wroxtfin (oAio^ 
wards firrt Earl of Downri), and Thomof, 
with hiithrottter Henry (d. Ift44). afii<rwvdl 
■ major-general in the king's army, and 
■islcr Jan(-,whoinnrri'>d Sir John l-inctfq.W 
were brougfat up there. The boys nuitrk 
lated on 12 Nov. lOU'J at Trinity College. O 
ford. thcirKtepfuthcrbcing the- nephew oft] . 
founder, Sir 'Inomaii I'ope [q.v.J; a room hod, 
been built for them over the colle|;e libra: " 
in IflOl at N ewt of JMU. {('omp. Hun. O. 
7'nii.J l)n 27 Anp. 1605 they appeared be- 
fore Jameal at ChriMt Chnrch' (Wakk, Stt 
I'laUmntt, p. 3A), and Thomas was created 
a knisht of the Bath on 4 June 1610. b 
Itil I lie mnrri^, and seems to hare settled 
atT<.>ddingtou, Itedfordshirv, with his great- 
aunt Jane < Wentnurtb'), lady Cheynej, on 
whow dtMtth on 1(! April 1014 he added tbe 
eBlBte* tberi; of the L'heyney family to the 
Wentworth urupurty in Suffolk and Middle* 
Ki'x. In IQlU he became custom rotulorum 
for the county of Bedford. Lloyd ( .VrtH<«rai 

S. 570) says that he ivrrvd under IVim 
laiirice in IH^) and (^ount Mansfeldi in 
1U^4, hut has probably confus(>d him with 
his second wifi-'s falhur, Hir John Went- 
worth of Gosiield id. 16^11). who took port 
in Vere's expedition of Itt^fO. He took )|>* 
scat in ihi; Houkc of Lnrdit on SO Jan. Iftjl, 
WHS made joint lord lieutenant of Bedford- 
shire cm 6 .May 163-% and was enwtcd Earl 
uf Uevehiiid on 7 Feb. ICitJ. This promo- 
tion lie geeros to have owed to the favonr of 
BuckinKhau], undc'r wboai bv ».-r^'Hl in the 
exjii-iiitiiri to I,a Hochelle in 1(527 ; h(- was 

fireHcnt when Buckingham woe afisasEinsted 
>v I'Vlton, and heani ' the thump ' and the 
nsniu'«iii'n exclamation of 'Godfaaye n< 
on tby soul' (LijOVD, I.e. and FoRSTRR, Bit 
ii. 3^o). Hi* connection with tlteronrt h 
led him into ifceal extrayagance, and a 
mtKI be and his son began to raise 1 
chivflv fnim persons of rank; befiirw 1 
thny bad be:ivily encumbered the lands i 
Beilfordshin- and Middlesex, oBpi-cinlly the 
mnimm of Sirpney and llacknoy, while they 
Btill owed li),200/. 

Un ll* Feb. ](J39 Clevelaiid wrot« to ■»: 
that htf would join the king with tt^i men; 
and on U Oct. 1640 the trarrison of Berwick 
was ' very merry since lh>.- Earl of Olcyelond 




Wentworth 



»85 



Wentworth 



came hither.' He hud long iM^enon frWiidly 
temifi with his namosake and disiont kina- 
mnn, the Gorl of StnLiford (Ivtton in tJnD 
Strafford Lrlt^rii, 2i Oct. 1639 and 31 Jan. 
]4t:i<'{>; and on lU May IU4I n-its ordeivd by 
tlio lord? to convey to Straffonl the news of 
the roj'al assent to tbe bill of attainder; be 
alto attended him to tho scaflbld. in \&\'2 
h» becaiat colonel of a rugimotit of ho»o, 
traa pmlMJiIv vilh Charles at Kdgehill, auJ 
BBt in the Oxford pBrtiami.<at from January 
1644. Dtiring Lbi.'* yvar hf. wan unn of tli6 
moat prominent royalifil g^numls, being of a 
' plain and practicnl Icinpvr,' aiid fnmoiKi for 
'obliging tne aoiildiTT* (LlotdI. With 
160 none he Buccessfully surprised Abing- 
don by nigbt on 'iQ ^Iay l&U, but waa 
forced to retreat and lost his priBouere 
(Cl-ARCfDOS, viii. 46; WiUtTlB, Ilut. Dur. 
p. SH). On 29 Juno be led a uba^e of 
cavalry ' with great fury ' against Ws.Iler on 
the wear bank of thu Chorwi-U at Cropredy 
Bridge; and, afti>r ' makinu a atajiil unili-r ■* 
tpttat BBh,' charged a ivicono timo and drove 
W»lli-r back ovpt thi> bridgo (Ci-akkxiiox, 
Tiii. 44-6). His brigade was aenr to 
Cornwall, and on 30 Aug, he attempted 
untuMMsfullT to stop the flight of Ksaei'a 
bone near Fowev; but on the next day 

Eitnued Sir WilUani Balfour with Avtt 
iuidredmen(WAtJ[BR,pp.71-4:GAKDiKBa, 
Oreat CiViY ff'or, i. 40«-/ ). He helped to 
relieve Portland Caatleon 14 Oct. (Walker, 
p, 104), and ou 27 Oct. ho commanded the 
cavalry on the left wing at the ac^ond 
battle of Newbury; he 'cbargi?d through 
and throuctL* the enemv (Li/)rn), and aaved 
the IdngH guard ; but his hono fell 
(Waliceb, p. 113],sn'l he waa captitrod 'by 
b lieutenant of Colonel Berkley 'a (White- 
LOC'Kfi, i. 323). An order for Inn exchaoiie, 
31 March 164.1, did not Take i-lTect. and he 
n.-aaiDed a prinoner ""ither in the Tower or 
on bail till ltt48. He was permitted to 
atay at Batb with bia Hon-in-Iaw, Lord 
tiovtthice, or elsewhere for long intervola ; 
but it is difHcult to uodurstaud bow he 
came to be in ('olebiMter during the niege in 
16-18; a proposal to exchange Him ' for one 
of the committee in Oolcheater ' on 19 Aug. 
CWmTm^Kntn, ii. S84)ae>ems to indioato that 
be waa still on bail. He was allowed bait 
for three months in SnptombtT 1t>48, and 
it la HOT known how hli imprisonoient 
terminated. 

He nL'zl &pu«!ar8 in April 16G0 in fil- 
tendaiiCH on t.uarli-Jt at Ifeauratii, where be 
threatened to cane any one who called him 
a prwiliyl-rian ( Cal. Clarendon Stale I'aprrii, 
ii. M). He went with Charlee to Srot- 
land on 12 June 1050, and be and bta son 



were required on 17 Oct. *to depart Scot* 
Und for refusinff to take the corenant' 
t\VHiTP.ljt«0RK, iii. 2'iO). He comininded a 
regiment of cavalry at the battle of Wor- 
center on 3 8ept. 1651, and by a charge in 
the atreet rare the prince time to c^ape; 
he himaell waa captured ou ^ .Sept. at 
Wocwtcote, Shropshire, and committed to 
tbe Towvr, wiiii Hamiltoo, Derby, and 
Lauderdale. An order waa made on 17 Sept. 
that he should be tried with tbem on '29 Oct., 
but lir eaoaped the death »(-iilnturit by NOnw* 
accident . Lloyd asys that one of the Judges 
hrivingleft the room for a few minutes, Lord 
Mordaiint, influenced by the prayers of I^ady 
Lovelace, gave a caftiiig vote in his favour. 
The parliament ^6 Nov.) rt'fiiaod to trv him 
again ; he was, however, kept a cloae pruoner 
iu the Tower till about the middle of 1656. 
Whun released be mar bare tetireil to Lord 
Ixvclaee'ft house at Water Eaton, near Ox- 
ford. Nettles bead had beun Hold in 1643; 
hifl vncumhurpd e>tat4?s bad beeu.ieijut-st rated 
at the commencement of the war. and his 
fine bs>mmmkL at 2000/. lie anil Win son wt>rv 
said to owe 100,001)/., and the adjustment 
of the claims of lb(.< encumbrancers by 
the county committeM of R-dfordaliire ana 
Middlesex wasnot corapletedtill 1005, when 
pmetically the whole ol his landed property 
waK Ifa^uil or sold to his creditors (suo Chf. 
Stalj- Pnp^rs, Committee for Advance of 
Monev i. 153, Committee for Compounding 
Lii. 2rWS-68). 

At the Uestoraljon he reappeared, and on 
29 May 1(1W led a band of tbrw hundred 
nnblumen ' in hisplain graysuit '(IjI.OYD, Te.) 
He was made captain of the gentlemen pen- 
sionorit oci 1^0 Jiin>', and recnived tlm cota- 
mand of a troop of h(if»e on 1 Sept. \W2. 
Kvelyn writes that at a review of four 
thonnitd guards in Kvdo I'ark on 4 July 
1663 ' 'he nld Earl of Cleveland trail'd a 
pike, and led the right-hand flio in a foote 
company commanded by the Lord Went- 
wurth ills son, a worthy spectacle and ex- 
ample, buing both of them old and raUaul 
wouldiKi-M.' An act to enable him to sell 
settled land for the henetiCi of his urMlitora 
was passed in 1600, and anoUier gnmting 
extenaion of time on t)^ Jan. 1067 ; these 
were revised in 1690, though his daughter- 
in-law had paid otT large siinu by careful 
management at Toddjogton. Cleveland 
died on *J5 Uarch 1067, and was buried at 
Toddington. Lloyd aaya iltat be attribnted 
his Atreuglh of roniilitution to his babit of 
Btnnking a hundred pipes a day, 'which be 
lvs.ml in Lexijiirv* ' (L.it. camps). Clarendon 
desrribes him as 'a man of signal courage 
and an excellent officer upon any bold enter- 



Wcntworth 



2S6 



"W'enhvortli 



» 



P 



ftmi' wul Sir Philip Wwwick (Memw'n, 
f. 270), with ref^r^ne^ to hij naccemi tt 
Xbiiig(lijiiiiiidCrO|irvi]y iti l^l.calU him *a 
noblRtnaii iif daring cfiar&gr, full of induttn- 
uul activity, ma well u firra lojrally, sod 
adiallv^ucci^iwful innliat Imnttrinplnl.* IIo 
H dw praiaed by Bubtrodt*, whti hwl a poor 
opiiuon of hi« son; >n<] Hir E. NichnUn 
n lliiY ]Ori.S)eallA him'a rery intelligent 
yvnoa.' 

Thorc ix a 6bc full-tftngth portnit of 
(Ji«Yelui]<l, by Van Oyck, in ibe poiwwioD 
of the Eorl in VeniUm (exhibited at South 
KaniingtoD in L86ti), uid a fa«ad ia Lord 
North's ooIlectioD at Wroxtoo, where tb«ra 
in also • Uq^r pictnntof Clnvelandas a bojr 
with hi* motiiKr and •Itinr, painted by Van 
Somcr in 1506. Ths bead is mgmved in 
DovVs 'BsTOiisp-.' 

Uy hit) llrat wife, Anne (rf. 1638), dau^ter 
of -Sir John CiorU of ijaxbam P^nra. Solblk, 
C1i>relAnd had MX cbildnn— Sir Tlioma* 
(1613-1665) [q. v.\ Anne, Marin, WiUiam, 
and Ciiarbfl, wno died its childnin, and Anne 
(l(ll*:i-l 1197), wbo iD&rri«d.Iokn Loretooc, (w- 
cond baron Ivovelncf* of Hurley, and inlierite^ 
thu bnruny of Wvnlworth in 16d0 from her 
niece [mv uiulur IjOtbuci:, Johx, third 
Babov; AVBifiwoBrii. HHXBiinTA M.v]u«, 
Karoxkm WkntwortiiI. TIii! harcniT inuwNl 
from hr>r, first r^ hw ^nddaughti^r, MArtha 
l^velooe, Indy Juhtuun, tbun to tht: Ntwl 
familviMndafriT siMDHiilmytinc! iKnow( IHSD) 
vwtpd in tlifi Earl of liOveU™ in rig'ht of 
his molhE^r.the first couDtcM, Aii^tuita Ada, 
only child of Lord Rvron liy Anno Iw-bclla 
Milbanko, haroneAs W entworlti, who died in 
1860. By hifl second wife, Lncv (rf. 1661 ). 
daughter of Sir Ji>bn W-'iitwortli. burl., of, 
Ooificld,EMex,CltiVcland bad un only dnu^tt- 
tOTiCalbtfriuL', who murriud Willimii SpunctT j 
of tiM)Ii^, limirordjibirL', niid dii^d without iwtuii 1 
inlOfOfKiTliJ.v; WeniwortA Saronp Papem, I 
HoitMH of iKird*^. ' 

[Thpra nrn WKirolUnt Hkntrhru of (.'Involnnd 
ana bis con in Rutton'« Tbrvo lirtncliM of tho 
Family of Weniworth of Nrttlo»t*«d, (189I>. 
pp. fi\~iO'i. A fi'W lnctjiitroj{lc«n«d from Krrlvti, 
Ine ImhW Jotirunla, SyrauocU'a Diary. Oollina'a 
PMmgft(Ti, 206-8). Dojla'a Offleial Baronoff*. 
Wathurtoa'a CaTiUian, and O. B. Ofoknjneii] 
Oonplete Pe«mge, rUi. 67-9 ; andu-v ibtiuutho- 
ritiMOilAd.) H. K D. H. 

WENTWORTH, TUO-UAa, Babon 

iUnr and ibird ICablop .STinFFOBn (1672- 
1730), dipltiriutiat, biiptitod iic Wukvfivld on 
17 Sept, Iftr^', wii-i till* etdeAt Hurviviuf; cun 
md heir of Hir William Wentwtjrt.h of North- 
nt« E««d, Wiikxbcld. Mix motlitT UaboUs 
7d. 1733), daughter of Hir Allen Apsley 
(161&-168SJ In. T. j, trea«\u-tir of thv hoaw- 



I bold to James, duku of York, was __ 

Lucy, wife and bioenpber of Cohnid 

' Ilm*;hi»wnil01i>-I664>[q.r.j The fatbrt-, 
' .Sir WilUflin W.-otwurtli (J. ItlW). waj loa 
of William Wentwgrth of Aahby Piieranta, 
LinritlititliirrlwhowiwknightedhyCb.Hrieal, 
I and died «i MarMoa Moor), and wm Twphirw 
, of Thomo* Wentwortb, first iMrl of 9ti»fl<iTd 

1 in- ^-J 

[ Before 16H8Thoi9aa wa« appatnted • put 
of honour to Mur. qii««a otJmmtm II, w^Se 
hi» nwther was a bedchamber-wonua to Wa 
majesty. Immediately after theltefoluUflt 
a contet'» comnuHioa woa houj^t for Weni' 
worth in Lord ColclMctt-TK ntjriinent '>f hurae, 
and be wataanc to Scotland wit )i ibeti^xpedi- 
tion ajtauwt Dandee. Afterward* he sirred 
in Holland ttntil the pi'ACi- of Jtvawick. 
Wwut worth wo* in the ^-safflLartl at the battle 
of Steinhirk in I Kll3, vhea nis ■quadrv^o wit 
I rnlueed to fotty-tliRe nes, and he r«e«iTcd 
a flligfai wonnd. In coiiKqii«nce of hii 
bravery William III, on th«> r»rommeod»- 
tion of Domfiv, lieatenant-gvnerml of the 
Dutch troops, ])romiMd htm early promts 
tion, and next year be became ude-d»-ctBn 
to tlie king. 'Afut the btttlt of Landan 
(1893), Wentwortb was mode groom of lie 
bedchamber, and was pmnioted to be a major 
of tbt! fint troop of guards. 

In July 16L).^ Wentwortb w«a in attead- 
aiioe on the king at the sieg* of Noia 
where bi» hrotlier Paul, a lieutenant in 
fuotguarde, was killed ; and in October, 
the death of bis cousin 'William, second c 
of Straffbnl, ho succeeded to the parage — 
Baron R«by, and became; at the same tinw 
fourth han>net, as heir male of hia gmt- 
BTundfatber, Sir W dliam Went worth of 
\S'cn t wort h-\\ 'oodbo use, York shire \tw u ndw 
WEirnvoBin,TjioiiAs. first Earl opSthav- 
roim]. Almost all the estate* wwe, bow- 
ever, left by the second mtI to his nephew, 
Tbomaa Wat«on, son of Lord Bockioghasi. 
In July 1690 the [KMt tines wore demised to 
lUbr Knd hia assigns at a vlvtIt rent of 
•2.-27(il. (Catmdar <tf Tretuu'ry Book* t»4 
Pep^n,, 172i*-30, p. 319>, and in ie»7 Rahr 
was given the command of the royal regi- 
ment of dragoons ; be became hri^dier in 
I7(W. mnjor-tieneral in I704,nnd lii^uieRBnt-: 
geni^nil in 1707 i;Kril. Slua. Add. f'karUrti 



wid - I 



LKTr m I 

d tb» 

IVJs4 

»d at ^ 



gen 

T6M7-£U). In lOHd he oocompamod 
English umbasBudor, liord Portland, to P. 
ancTin Ibn following year be woh placed 
the h<>ad nf a comtnistion to inquire into 
lu^me riots in the LincoIniiLirc fens (Lnr- 
TRHLL, Bri^ Ileialim, ir. fflJft). 

On the coTDiuttioii of ibo elector of Bran* 
denhiiTg aa liing of Pruwa in 1701, Wil- 
liam sent Kuby u eorcij to convey 




Wentworth 



Wentworth 



eolignituliitioiiA, and ihu raiuion was wry | 
aoMMaful. When King WiUiun ncMTfrd | 
hie ftlal accident, Itab; waa auperintenduig 
tlw «inbarkiit)oii of hi>> rnffimwnl for FldndKrw, 
but he hurried back to nia inaadT, nnd was 
with him until bis death, (jueim Anne, «n 
TUby 1(i»»ing hsnda on her aeoouion, snid f 
gho wu florry be offervd to reaifiQ hia rejn- ' 
meat, b«cauB« there was no man sh« would 
■ooner gtT9 it to th&u Itiiu. nuriiig the - 
campftifrn of 170L* It&by hud hin honte shot 
itndiT htm at IIulcbtvTon, and toat his 
youniier brother, fVlUn, wholuifl been a page , 
to KinfT William, at ih« stonniiifr of LUig^e. 
In Nov«mbiT tb« Uultu of \tnrlhornuKb, [ 
having been nnable to^raiiade himt/t goon j 
a misciun to ths Vinjr "f Prussia (who de- ' 
mrtd 10 haT(> him a^^in at hitt court ), cnrrie^l 
liim to the queen, who preued him to acce{)t ' 
tha post, proatising that b« should have liis . 
promotion in the srmj oa if pnsi^il. la 
Februnry I7(.l3 tho litii^ of l*ru*!tiat)ipreflaed ' 
hie grvat plca«un! at h-aniinf; thut Raby i 
waa coming «■ envoy In H^rUn : ami, aA^r 
Tiaite to Tha Hagui> and Hanover, the envoy 
raarbii] iVrlin in Juno. 

Tfabr paid a TJait to Knffland in July 1704 
{it. V. 400), and in Sejitcmber it was n>- j 
port«d that he w<)ii1<1 be Aont to Polaml tn 
warn the kinj; of Sweden of the reeulu 
which would follow if ha did not withdraw 
hit troopn from that kinfrdom (lA. v. -I6S); 
but by November he wa^ attain in llerlin, 
joininir in tlu^ rMf^tton given to the Diiktv 
of Mnrlborough at that courl ; and at about 
tho tATnt} timo ho wTot« two curioiia letters 
to Lord iJodolphin rvspiKiting a Pruseian 
gentleman who wanted to f^o to i-lnt^land 
to carrv out eome experiments In the trans- 
mutation of m«ta1> jAddif. MS. aH0r>6, iX. 
104, 334). Early in 1706 Raby wa^ ndvanc-^d 
from th*" po«ilion nf *^nToy ri> that nf ambns- 
Hdor-^xtra4>rdinary at Ri^rlin,iind in Atml hi^ 
made a fonnnl entry into the city in liiB new 
capacity. In Juno he wont with tho kins tn 
Holland, and wo^ niiioh with chi' Duki- of 
Marlborough dnrini^ theaiegeit of iMeiunand 
Oetoud. AA<.Twurd<j he accompanied (.k'nt-- 
ral Cndogan aa a volunteer, ami in a 1.iim1i> 
with eome French butwira near Tnurnay 
narrowly •wtniwHi b»iiiiu tjikcn prisoner. Tn 
ffeptemhi-r it wa« ^id that hf was to go to 
the emp<.'rnr'8 oonrt, a« flnToy-«.xtraordiuary, 
in ihn plncfi of Qeoiva Stepney fq.v.], but 
the king of Pnseta having requonti-d that 
ha might remain at hi« court, this plan wils 
■bondODed. Haron Spanb«tui, tbi.' PnittHian 
■mhaamiiliir in Ixindon, beinf; by his new 
cf»d«nliaU dinjctvd to continue in that 
clianu^ter only to longaa Lord Hnby stnyud 
at Berlin (A. vi. 84, ^, 100-1). 



in Jauoary 1707 Raby ratumod to BoUo, 
whenc« be neut an amnoing account of 
Chark-a XIl uf 8wvdi-n and his court 

(JIuiIKE, Uemarki imd Coileetiunn, t'd. 
Doblc. ii. 4i!-3) ; but be was again in Eng- 
land from May to 8^p^em^)r^ 1709 (LlTf- 
TRBiX, vi. 800), when he bought an («tate 
at Stainbocougb, near Bernsley, and repre- 
Mntod to Srarhiorouirh In" doittm to b«made 
a privy councillor and Earl of Slnifford, 
bnng weary of his post abroad. In the 
uiitiimnhe apent two month)) in Italy, wbere 
ho bought manT pictures, andaulferediieverely 
from fever in liome. 

In March 1711 Raby wan appointed am- 
bassador at The Hague, in stutcmsion to 
Lonl Townnhond. Refora )«aving Berlin he 
was presented hv the king nf Pnuwia with a 
swonl 8«t with diamonds, worth fifteen thou- 
sand crnwnH (lift. vi. 708). On the 16th 
Swift obtained for his protSg^, young William 
Harrison (1685-1718) [i\.v.\ 'the prettiest 
employment in Europe —secretarj" to Lord 
Itanr, who is to be ambasitador-«xtraordiDBiT 
at The Hagin;, whurcall thugrcat afTairswill 
be concertMl ' (Hwrrr, Jourtml tu SMia, 
15 March 1710 11). In June Raby waa made 
apriTy oouneilltir, and was cn>ated Viscount 
Wentworth of Went worth- Wood house and 
of f>tiiinbornugii, and Earl of Straflbrd, with 
spivial remainder, failing heirs male, to bis 
brother I*eter. His mother had for yoan 
been BUjjgesling to him eligible match«a,«i(l 
on 6 Sept. he married Anne, only danghter 
and heireesof Sir Henry Johni^oti of Bradeu- 
h&m, Buckinghamahirf. a prosperous iihip* 
builder, who had married, aii his second wife, 
Martha, daughter of l^onl l^mlarn (aft«iw 
wards BaronMs Wuntwortb in her ovnl 
right |. Through thi.t laiiy the manor of' 
Tuddington, BedfordHhim, afterwardji camo 
iiilii Lnrrl Strairiird'sriofAePMiinn. Swift saya 
that Stra0Vird"a wiffi brought to him a fo^ , 
tuMiT nf WptlCIO/., ■besides' the reat at th« 
fath.>r"fl ileath' (i*. 3 Sept. 1711); Slt»f- 
ford's own income at this time («em8 to havo 
been about 4.000/. a year, with ready monoyi 
invent meulft, and platv aiuouuting to 40,000/., 
besides pictures and fwmiturP. Lady Strafr 
ford'e let[vTt> chow that the marriage wna in 
evf^ry respt^:! a hspfiy uni?. 

Early m Octob<'r Strsffbnl rfttnmed to 
Till- llagiiu, 'to ti-ll them what wo htVQ 
done here townnU apracc.'as .Swift says (i(. ' 
y Oct. 1711), and in N'o^ember he was nomi- 
nated as joint pleniijott'ntiary with the lord 
priFyBeal,JohnRobm»on(10'V)-172S'|[(i. v.^ 
bishop of Ilristol, to negotiate the t«rnu of a| 
treaty, It appears that Prior also would 
bare bertn a plnnipoltintiary hut for Htraf- 

ford's refiual lo be aaaoeiated with him. 



'entwortl 



288 



^ortl 



Swift, OB lioarisg- Lb«t tViur's commiMion 
lud Mitiod, wrote: ' LiorJ Strnironl U ui 
I proua KB hull, and how lie will bear one of 
Prior's munn birth [>ii iin nfuiLl rtiariU'-trr, T 
know* not' (16.20X0?-. 1711 ; cf. HUt. AfSS. 
Cbmm. 14th Ilop.ix.;M(0). Afterwsrds J^lwlft 
,nid thnt itwMreponed aurtwoplt1nipol«&- 
l tiariesdidnotii^rreeyfry w«U; 'they are both 
longpracti^inbdiiinHV*, buttioith«rofthcra 
of much pans. Stmfford bos some life and 

Kirif, hut IB iiifiniU'ly proud, and whoUr 
it«raui'(t6. LtiFt'b. 1711 1l>). EUfirh«n 
yitfinnrfc* on tkr ('hafncter* uj the Ctntrt tff 
Qtierii Annr) Swift iilisemKl, truly enoiigbf 
tli*t StmilVird coiitiL Dol )i|irll ; nnu in Jiini* 
Lnnl (lowpnr, rtiplyiiiB to an nitack by 
Stmirord on thu Duku of MDrlboroufih, &aid : 
'Th>- noble lonl baA b«>-n Ahmiiii flnlnn^ \htkl 
btt a))(>eure to liavt; for^oitvn not only ihe 
Un]^iiag<3 but f?vcn iho i^omititulion of bis 
niittvu eyuutry' (W'roy, Uuloiy 0/ Qnent 
Afinr, ii. :i£W). 

NiimfirouB ruferuncHB to llie i>an t»ktn 
bv Strnlliiril in th« ni<gottatiouH whicli led 
up to tbo tTMLty of Utri'cht in 1713 will be 
found in Swifl'n ' Hinldrj' of 'he La"t Four 
Yr-araof Qnw'n Annp.' mrlyin I712hewaA 
LendcavourinK to obtain tliM po^t of masU'r of 
rtho bor»e ( U'fntutorrh P<ipfrt,\i. iitiS), und 
in tii« summer lie woe apnointi^l cine of tbo 
lordu of tlio ndmirull v- In iJotobcr iw woa 
madu knifjht of \A\f l-iHrK-r. and in 17l>1 e 
[jBfcMer of Ihe Trinity llous)*. On the dwith 
lof (^nG«n Anne (August l"lt) be wm «p- 
fsoiuti'd one of ibu lords itutices, but bi> waa 
F«ooii rxt^aUed from bia (>mW«;y at The FToi^io, 
though 111- did not ^Ivv iii> bU po»t nuiil 
Dwc-mliirjr, afltir many complaints of ihc diffi- 
cultr in obtaining money to pay tlivvxpuuR'ti 
of i.tie I'tnbiii'Hv. In Janunry I71fi, tiy thi> 
kitip'fi order, f?traffbrd put bit papiTs intu 
Ijord Townsbiend's lisml", nnil tii thi- follow- 
ing month1itap«'n«ion was etapped (7)uiry 0/ 
Ladif Coitper, p. 46), 

On 8 Juno ITlTj Wnlpolo rwid to tbo 
lloiui.' of Uommonn the report of the secret 
£0mini1.tt>e appointed to report on the uvont'S 
leading up to thv treaty of Uirecbt. Amoug 
ih'iiic acpiiiWHl in the report waa Straffard, 
and Addison wrolii that his ' politics made 
tho Ilouws Uiigb lu <jf(t-ti as any puafi^rni 
wcreroad in hia Iptters, which Mr. Walpolfl 
humoured very wyll in tint n-iM-ntingnf theoi, 
Tlia advicc'i ar>' Tory hold nfrainst the allieA, 
find particularlv the I'utch, with some retioo- 
tionn upon liot^mar nnd tin' king himself 
fAoDlMiN, H'orkiivi.d'ji). Onibeiindtbe 
lir>u«n, on AiMlabiii's motion^ ri-solvcd to im- 
peach ScraflVml of ImkIi crimeit and nitsilt.-- 
mf-anour*, and reft-rred it to the committee of 
secrecy to draw up urtidee of impeacluneat 



[«Be AuLAsiB, Juusl. These atticlM, 
were prM«nt<Ml to the botute on 31 .' 
chained Strafford with (1 ) promot iim a sep** 
rate negotiation with Fra(ic>r; (2) nalooi 
Hcurriloua rrrfleetiooiS on th» elector of Ha»* 
orer; (0) advising thequwu to treat with tk> 
French minixtM-l^foreabe was acknowlMlged 
by France 1 (4) fiulin^ (u iiistEt on the nati- 
tationof theSp«nt!ibmonanThT; (5)adriiiif 
a coesatiuD of amu and a separation of tht 
Engli.'dt tniOM from the ooofederatM; and 
(0) advising uia aeiiurrt of Ghent and Btngta 
Strafford** anawwr {Statf TriaU, !t*16. IT. 
102rf~t4)waadeliTered(oibe Ilous*-ofLocd» 
in January 1716, and in June the commiMU, 
afb>r eon»id«rinf! it, nrpliiKl ihut they w«e 
ready to crore the char^ii^s: but there is no 
iVTOnl of any further steps barinfr bwa 
takt-'u in the iDaIt«r, and in 1717 Stfaflbr 
DHme waa included to tba act of 
vTOuted byths king. In Au(;;iifit 1715 
bad been among thoae who protested 
the rejection of tha motion to tnqii 
whnllirr Bolin(;broke had hwa summoned, 
and in what manner, and againm tho paMut|; 
of tbs bills for the attainder of lloUi^bnke 
and Ormonde {ib. xt. 1003, 1013). 

Strafibrd lived in retirement for sow 
yoarg aflf r tbes^i procvodin^, occuprinr htra* 
aelf with the core of bis ostales m Vork- 
shiiv. lie had a houM at Twickxnhanijaiid 
in 1T2JJ wa» in com?«pondenoe with Pope 
(PoFE, Work<'. X. 17(}-d3. 202) ; tbe Duieof 
Bf^ford asked Stratford to bruiff Pope with 
him on a visit 10 Woburn Abbey I, WeatvartA 
Prtwr*. pp, 454-6). IntheaamnrearStraffoni 
t ui/k an active part DH the sideofliord Mooet^ 
jioldduring iheproceodinssngaiost that peer; 
anJtbu'Stuart Vapers'sanw thnt he watia 
Conjiullation with the Duke of \\'liartOD«nd_ 
oibere reepccting a proposed attempt to 
^'inu'tbiiif; that sammeron behalf of t he Fn 
t I'ndcr (l.oBn Stanhope. Hi/ttory '/£itjrAn^ 
vol. ii.p.xix). SirThoma-HKobiui^on. wr~ 
in 17S-1, gives a deMTiption of Stainl 
and \\'entwortlL Castles ; of the fomsr Le 
says that the urospect wa4 tinn, but the atm 
castlv8hon'vdlitt]uta»te|/fi>r. .VSS.Cawim. 
15th Hep. vi. lao). In 17.1*^ Strafford »■»- 
in an-reapondonco with another Twicb-n- 
lintii ii»i)/liliour, I.ady Mary Wortley SloU' 
tagu [iVT-l (I.<ftffrt,'u. 21, 23). 

Htranonf spoke from time to lime in 
House of l<ords, though he wa§ d<i oralu 
Lord Ilervey {Mtmoin, ii. 14iJ-9) diecril 
him in 173d as ' a ioquacioua, neb, illili 
cold, tedious CDOslant banngup-r in 
House of Lords, who apoke neither 

nor English, and always ffava an annin , 

declamation ' on tlw siibjwt of the araij- 
* There was nothing so low aa his dialect ci- 



Wentworth 



389 



Wentworth 



ikdlnv,' kn<I W conMnnlly 
nniiQclion wilb the trenty of 
(.Ttxecht. In a <3t^>)>iit(< on ilm civil list in 
1737 'Lord Sintirord divorti-d ih« bouse 
with A true account of bU situation, Je- 
cloring he woA bad with the lajtt ministTr, 
worw n'itli iIjIs, und )io did not doubr but 
be .ihouM be worse with tbL- next, «bould he 
vvvT BU'.' aaitlhiT ; tburL'fun?. «.e uti uiibuu«L-d 
raiin, h>! jjavi- \n» xote fur tb«; k'tng\Jiitt. 
MSS. C»mm. Vtlh lt«|). vi. 17^). 

StrjilTonI wan ill in I73C, nml triixl bin con- 
Atitiitinn by APa-batbing and other tbinga, 
contrary to his doctor's advice ( Wentiforlk 
Paprrti. \>. 0:^7). 1 lis brother l*cti-rdied 6ud- 
(leniv on lU Jan. 1729 as b« was plaving ai 
quaonUL'((yrTif. Mng. ix.47t; ho hadforlon); 
giv«D way 10 drink, and be li;ft bit afliiiri iu 
great diALinl^ ; ''twas a mercy itplea»ed(.}otl 
to inkt) him,' wrot« taAj Stmluird ( M'ent- 
trorfA Papt-rt, pp. r>33-4). StraOord diud uf 
th« stoBc Bt ^^ cmworth CBstla on ir> Nov. 
1(39, and wa» buriud o» "i nro, at Tgdding- 
ton lOent. Mag. \x. tHli1>, His widow di.!d 
ott 19 Sept, 1754. H« luft on* son, William 
ijk. I7'2d), who became the- fourth .-arl; and 
t-hree dausbtors — Aiuie,Lucy,&ndI[ciirietla. 
In 1741 Lndy Miiry WortW Montaini mtt 
tbe young wri in Kouie, aud wrot« that bo 
'bebarea himself really very luoJfslIy uud 
genteelly, and bna lust ikn piTtniuiH be uc- 
<}ujn-d in ljii> iui>lbvr'i> actii'mblies' [LeUen, 
ii. 8(i). Aft^-rwards he waa an intimate 
rriuod L>f Iluraci' Wulpolc. He married Irudy 
Ann*' Caraphell, hut diftd without. lA.iti<.! in 
1791. 

Slrnirnrd'iiiiorlmit wiw iMiint'.'dby Kneller 
in l"14,Rndnni'ngTavinghy Wrluoi? repro- 
duced in the ' Wentworth I'apers.' 13y her 
will I.ftdy StmlT'jrd loft ro hur son ' my iMi' 
lord's picture (drawn by Lnnii) set with diit- 
monds '(-4(/rf. Charttr*. 13647). A very laiye 
•coUeclion of Lord Stniirurd's corrvHjioudL-tici.- 
iBintheBritiab Museum (Addit.MHS. 'iiliy- 
l'W07.SlU*fr-">2.bt?eiileaaiu5li;U'ttt>rsinolLtT 
Tolumrtn). Fatuilv nomwiiondf ncn w-ill lie 
found in Additional MS,S. •J;2^-2',-». :!! I la-'i. 
andpnvnt^li-lli-rsiii Additifinani.SS.:ilU)- 
:)1 \v2. Papom about the p^'acK ni-^otlationfl 
uro in AdtUtional MSS. I'lil'tX'i-", :Jlia6-8; 
p.-m*ral cornjspondcnci! in .Additional MS, 
31140: papurs reapeciing iiicowie, pr^ijH^riy, 
funeral cxpeniiej), Sc, in Additional MS. 
'22'2^; iiaiit.'rsul>oul pusi tinc»in.'Vddili»nBl 
MS.:.'a:i&"»; pa^raabout tht! ti:ip»Ar.hn)fut, in 
Additional MS. 22l*lt*; and letterii from 
u^dU la Additional MSB. ^21»2, 222^2-4, 
93337-&. AnintepeatingBolMtionfrnm thpi*t- 
pap«r«, vonniMlini; cJiiwny of letters to Lord 
Simfl'nrd from hiflmotbcfp brrttbtr, wifc,flnd 
cbildnfE, wafl published by Mr. J. J. Cotl- 
TOl. UE. 




wriffht iiilHK). Olhi'r bttt^rwoCrrfiM Straf- 
forci nre&tnoDff tho wonuHcriiilsof the UukeA 
of Ormonde and Marlborougn regpectively. 

[Memoir by Mr, Ortwright in thu Wmt- 
worcb Papon, 1833; Lattr<?tr» I!ri«f Relation, 
WkU. ir, T. ti. passinn ; Swift's "Mf'orkj; Wyon"« 
tjiicwn Anna; I,i>r>l Slnnhnpo'* IJutmn Anno; 
I^ul iugbroke's CDm<spoudi-iii.T ; UtKt. M!j& 
Comm. 7rh and 8ih IUp«. phv>iin, 14th R«p. ^ 
ii, ir>th Kcfi. pta. i. ji.ri. ; Ciil'indftr of Treasur^ 
P-pMH. 1 702-30 : Fwtorn y orkiliiro P<>di(pwaai 
G, v.. C[nk«jme|'> Complcta Z'ettW' ; Preamhlf 
to the rnt«ntiiforadvnnciiig . . . Tbonuu, Lofi 
Jtaby, Viwcuuul Wciitwvrtb, I71I-] O. A. A. 

WENTWORTH, Wn^LTA Sf 

CIIAULES (ITya ]«7i>, 'tba Aiistralian 
patriot,' chief founder of the system of Oulo- 
uiul SL'If-tfov'jruniojit, born on ifi Oct. ITHS, 
at Norfolk Inland (then a penal dep^Dideney 
of Nl'w South Wale*), was tbosonof D'Arry 
Wfcnt worth, govi-rrinipnl mir^oM on th«i 
island, by bis wife, Cnthnrine Parry, who died 
iLt^Puramatta in IftOO. lU' eluiiued drwcnt- 
frnra the great Earl of Stm.fford {The Aufi 
tmiian, 11 July I8i7), but in BurWs ' Col 
nml (liinlrv ' hi* (inccstry i^ traced to D'Arry 
\Vetitwnrln of Athlono, co. lCo«common (6. 
1640), son of Micha<-1 Wontwortb of i'ork, 
a ^ciolt of thii gri'^at VorltAhin? family. 

HiH father, U'Arcy Wentworth (17U:!- 
18^1, bom nt Portadowu, 00. Armfigh, in 
170-, wa« ua iiupov^ri^bu'd Iri»li cuuntryj 
((etitlemftn, '.Vtant'arlyap^bebeMftcommij 
siuu as lieutenant of one uf the rc^jimuiits' 
which wcm ralsi-d for th« hinil sitvicp of Ire- 
land npartbeconclusion of the American war' 
(I'A,) Arrivinfjin New Smith Wnlrs in l7iK), 
aftt-r fill'mfr T(inon« prijHs in the im|K'nal ser- 
vice in toonection with the niediciil denarl- 
mcnl,hewa«appoiQtod, through Lord \\«^nt- 
wortli l-'itiwilliiiiJi's iniluenee with Lord 
Liverpool, principal ani^on of Xcw South 
Wales undur Ouvernor Lachlnii .Macqunriu 
[((.v.] Undi'^rMacquiiriehealsobecanoPsuprr- 
intendent of nolicij in tbu town of Sydney, 
maf^strato ni the territory, and trensurer of 
the colonial revenue. He had been one of 
ibe most prominent abettor* in the arrrjtt 
and deposition of Governor William Blijrh 
[q. v.]l'20 Jan, 18(Wli, who had suspended 
and court-martial led him, but Bllfib'.i fliic* 
cemor, Mavt^uarie, loailed htiu with bonoura 
and emoluments outside of hia various pr»- 
fessional {iflicos, mahinjr him diivclor of the 
bank 'A' New Soiitli Wnlrai, and granting 
him with two otlieia ft ' spirit mimopoly ' for 
buildinR the peneral boispital ( hence |K>pu- 
Urly known a.^th<" mm hospital'). Ho die " 
111 IHi'? ilivsoss^JIutort/o/Au^trntia.Y.iT),''' 

When seven years of agfl, William llnnrles 
Wentworth waa sent W KngUcd lo b« 



vitiv«t«d nt Qre«nwich umler Alpxaader 
Orombia [q-^I Upturning to. '^>-<ln»?y,Wt)nt'- 
Worth in fiiB tw-'ntMli fusr joinwl tireRorr 
ItluUud nnd I.iRuU'nnnl l^wsou in their 
ftmouii t'xplunlioii joiirni-y ncroM tbe lUue 
MixinlHinft. The [isriy itUrted on II May i 
l»i:i frutn HlaxLoad'* Utm, South Uro>-JtJ 
I'cnrith, AfUT rTouiiw thf N«pean Ibey ' 
lit on nfpiir rromthiidiTtcliDgniigQ.craui.'il 
I ho aIop«i of Moiinl York into ii firrtile { 
vtlloy, «Dil tbng opt>iiE>d up tbe van pBStum 
Ittiida of tbe wesl. Aft w tlw (frastect hftrd- 
«lii|M iIr'v rcAcbiil ]iomfl (0 Jiino), an<l 
Mict^uarie, on b^-bulf of the crowa. presi}Dt«<l 
r»c!i tiflbe throe with a i^nt of a ihoiiMud 
■rrva m this n«wly ilistort-ri-d country. Hut 
bi'fnn' ihiit f nccordiuK to lU d&KN i Slturaxmne 
' hnii notici^d thv caixitiicy of yoaug \Vt.-iit- 
worth.' Ill l!?ll, when but «Ittdofeiyhlrt?ii, 
Jbi' fTOTcmor actually miiiU' Um di-jiul y-pro- 
Voyl mBrsbKl, 'and an tbl^ pruvtwt mural lal 
-wa« in Knglnnd, the (Intiefl of tho of&co de- 
volved entirely upon tlio dpputr.' 

Ill lyiB WL-iilwcirrb rt-tiinip*ilo Enjrland, 
mntriciilalinl from I'tit^>rboutK>, (.'umbridirv, 
and a\ienl aeveral y«an) at t]i»univ<>rAit r and 
in Tit>iidiin, whctu he onteied biuiMlf at lho 
Miildli) 'IViu|>l>-. 'i'li» year aft^r bis Arrival, 
on -J'J April 1?^)", ill Kniiliind bid tvalli^ii mind 
ini]»^UuJ him to iudite an appt^ lo Karl 
linrbiirflt (roloninl iMrPtaiy), whk-li is pre- 
wjnud in tli« K«cord OHicc. bef;giiur to be 
Kont bock to AiurriLlia lo ectplorH ' Inis fifth 
rontiiiL'nl I'rom il.s eiisli-m extremity to il^ 
wi'tlem,' lio tried todlimiilalii tin) r-olonin) 
minister by n reminder that ' a. Fn-nch K]ua- 
dnii eithur lins saili^d or is on Ibo point nf 
•ailing for the purpose of nurtwiuff the 
WMtfni cuMl of N«w Holland," darkly bint- 
in;^ that ila true uim U to ostAbli&U o. rival 
AettlcmentloPort JackfitnL lucluecoiir^tlie 
enrl, throiiiib nAubordiuale, informed Wcnt- 
worth thiLt Ilia servicea were not rvquiroil. 

S'ot bfiuR pprmitted to<'3i]!]oni th■^«fi vart, 
nntroddrn wiwtca, Wentwortti eot himBL'lf 
lb«> task of writiDjif a full nccuunt of the 
exintine AHBtralinii dependencies. In 1810 
ho publiabiid at Loudon in two volumes, ' A 
Slatixtiral Account of iho British Suttlo- 
mcnu in Au^trnlnxin, including tbu CoLoiiiea 
cf Xuw South Wale* and Van iJiemen'a 
Luid.' It quickly ran int^» a third rdilion 
(IftM) * wepwctfuUy iu*cribt.-d ' lo Sir Jurar!' 
Mackintosh fti- v.], to whirli wer*! appended 
diatribe;^ against Samut'l Marsdt-n [q. v.] and 
CuinmiAsioner Bigtre, Ainiply because thi-y 
wero oppovcd to Mucquarie'a 'emancipist' 
policy- riit' pagM ue mil of wcU-arrauRod 
fAOt-^andstrikiii|fpa«Hlfr^ofiiarnLtivti, wliilo 
not widom \\'>!iit worth's true imperial pa- 
triolUm moved bim to genuiua cloqueaofi. 






At the annual commwic g Miat at 
bridge in 1823 Wnit-vorib, donbdcM 
traded by iW Mibject, competed for tW 
chancellor's medal for the pru0 V^*^ <>'> 
'Aufitratavii.' The award w^-tn to WiattiT^ 
Mackworth I'med q. v.1, "WeHtw-irtL l:--.ii: 

tlanKlsccondout of Iwt'uty-tlv'ji 
ut Wentworth'A iNmuch tbi'tii:. I 

tnanv of ite ririle lines ore to ibiii diiv lU 
tAwi pbrnH9> of iMlrniial oratont sad jtNK- 
naliNt^. Nearly thirty y«ar» aftcf^ 
written, Wentwortb, rvptdlmf; the i 
b«Tiw|? ft'noiincvd hia ?arly populai^ 
ciplea, dt-olnimed in the legislative 
<!' Kopl. l)So.1). 'amidM a $torm of 
whirh «prt>ad fMm (Inor to galltrry,' i 
cludiuK liiMfl of his early pot- m. 

C:aUi>'l to th<- Enclisb b>r in 1822, W't 
wiirth railurtiixl lo Sfdnt-v in n>mpony 
Dr. Wardpll, an Knclish Iwrrisfrr. 
cotidilionof the colony wiis unM't(lv>d ; hit 
fiMidii and disputm w«re of daily aevui 
and litigation prospervd ; go that afien 
yo'ar* the two young niftn, wlui weiv at Hrst 
the ontv barritittfrs. divided bvtn-t-t^n th(A_ 
B most lucrDtive practire, and laid the foa 
dulioiut of a fonuno. Tht>y took out 
them fMm Kngland a compl<*t« new>|i 
plant und machinery, and on 4 Oct. M 
VfllflblisluKi th« ' AuAlralian,' nf which tl 
vera tbfl cA-proprictora and joint edit 
From tho outeel they detvnDuiL-d lo mtka 
ttii-ir journal thp wourjii- of i>t1icialiMn. TIm' 
colony waH then divided int^ two hooliltr 
camps, tlit< nristocratH or' F.Jtcliiwi vista,' poec 
post'd of civil and military ollieiaU tad a 
number of Kentlemeo squatt«rs and Mttlen. 
who were calt>;d in derision 'Pure Ma ' 
and the 'Kmitncipksia,' a numerous 
creading class who, having ser\cd ll 
of tinpriKinmt.-nT, or cnformil Mrvitn 
become free and iti some eaavA 
Clovcmnr Ms(;quarii,>'s theory was ihu 
cnlciriy wiw iiiti'iiditl primarily for iho'f 
nipi.>*tJ>,' that New South Waiea was in : 
penitentiary, nnd that the free eroif: 
were int<'rlojH'n>. Subftequeivt govf 
notably .Sir Ralph Darling [q, v.], whole 
office on ^0 April ]8'2o, Ircated the * e: 
cipiitlA ' &a n Itind of st'rf class who aliou 
never aapire to social recognitioD or potit 
power. A« thcM early governors wure < 
cmlic, murlt violent cbangM> of policy 
made the »ocial ranfusina more deplorable. 

WiuitworthconstitHtedhtmwJf leaowortlw 
'emiincipi^t«/ nnd exerted all his enenm* 
for ibf overthrow of Governor Dapliii|r(I^&- 

18^1). In the columns of the ' Austnliaa' 
and on tlui jpublic platform Wentwocllt 
L^luitued for thta sLranire, mixed, cbaolic Ciiat' 
utuiity freedom of ibu frcM, trial by jc 




Wentworth 



291 



Wentworth 



and rpprennUtive inctitution*. Not did hv 
aCand alone: beside him was bta nblo part^ 
iicr, Dr. Wiirdvll, u thkh uf furcv uf clmractvr 
and COiltup-i\ him^'If tut^ nf nny rrim'maX 
luint. HUl'or^nnJsc follriwerwaa a still more 
nulnblr miin, l)r. Willitim ftlnnd [<{'V.j Witb 
BUrh Rnlleogiiffi Went worth fnrmi'd tlie * Pa- 
triotic AMOciatinn ; ' not content with Htit^ 
ritif^ up opp<(0ition to the ^viTiior mid hi;) 
ofticiaU in tlie ciloiiy it-*!;!!', itii'V actively 
engnged in agitation in ilie I'^aglijh parJia- 
m^ut, aiid lavn uf Ittgli juiirlt likv Jlciiry 
l.ytton Ilulwcrand(j'lmrl«i* Huller were their 
ogtinl^in the Ilimi'*' of OfimmoiiF. Wenl- 
witrlii'H Mtnij^if with llnrlini; <.'tttmiitnlnl in 
what is known ba thu ' Stuhis and Thnmason 
Cni'i'.' In l»2e two privaU's of the o7tb 
r<?giin.fnt had tv>mmitt''*l an net of robln-ry 
in ord«r to procure itit^ir discharge from th« 
army and to bo <.-nn)Uiid as crimiiiah, in tliu 
hopL- of ghaniiir ti> dm- ouursu in tbttt pros- 
in^rMv r>f the emancipated convicts which 
had iilltnl ihv twldien with cnvr (Tbbh&k- 
THH», AnttralMti Cammontrmhh), TliI* 
uaw was by no nuMina an isolated 0110 ; ' the 
pwpeLrati'iii of critii.r* wa« cmnraon amoiii; 
the Boldiory, who Imped ihi-ri'by lo ewafw 
further wrtife Rod t?uter the happy ranks of 
the oonvioted.' Uovcrnnr IJjtriing dt-ioi^ 
mined to put thia Hiato of thinf^A dtiwn with 
a hij(h hand. Hudd« and Thtitnpson yean 
MntAnc4)d tn hard labour on th>7 roads in irons, 
etrifiptKl of thfir imiform*, clu'l in convict 
f^rlt, and drumuifd out of the gerrison ; nor 
did this eev«ni wiKencu n;lii<ri.- them from 
snbaequent military wrvif''. Sudii* diwl of 
R ferer wilbin a few davs of liis d^tiradat ion, 
wlwrcuiHin Wi'ntwiitili wnili- u Iwttt-r of 
imBe»chmi!nttotIuipecTRlar>-ofstat«(20.Tnly 
I8«t). It filUtbirty-fi^e folio jiagen, and the 
erideocetalif-n by the pov^-nior and by M't-nt- 
worlh in iLe colony fiUwl anolliprriifhU-<-n. 
With chftraofcristic TdhcmenPL' Wentworth 
s«ton foot an avitatioii in thoKiiijIish parlia- 
ment for the rocaH of the f^lv<>r^or, and, 
liltliouirli 4>T JCalpI) Dariine was acnuittt-'d 
by a select pomniittpr of the IToiih- dfOim- 
moiu. \k was (jviiuluDlly in Octolwr IRJl re- 
called in obt'dii'nn; to thl« cbimniir. To 
accept (as some writers do) Wi-ntwortb's 
impi-arlimi.nt as an hii-lorical docuuient is 
to mi-ilAlin. the dt^nnmriations of the criminal 
ncoewiitor for the suniming^ up of lli« judge. 
Weotwortli's ablcAt and mo*\, rborouehgoin]; 
pftnegTrist, )Ir. O. W. KuMlen, diB|irDVfe 
moA of the chnrffM againat Uarliiiff, \v\w, \\. 
must be rc-iiK'inbLTtid, was supported in his 
policy by thi* HumiuiH Suxn Baiinisti-r fij, v.], 
atL»me>'-g«neral, and byAl«sanderMacI*ay 
[^q. v.], calomal awnttary. 

At the pablic meeting held iii Sydney in 



honour of tha ncccMion of William IV, 
Wontworth carried an amendment to tli* 
cuj^tomary loyal uddrues, in which he b^ 
sought hi* majivt-y ' lo extend I'l the only 
ooluny of Ilrtlaia bereft of tho riffbt of 
Britdim n fu]) part icipnl inn in th<! boncfits 
and privi!«c'-a i>f ihi' Krilii<h coiiNtiliition.' 
Till* Bnccepdii]ggovt>riior,Sir Kichard Itoiirke 
[a. v.], strove to placate Wentworth without 
alienating the old ruling caxte. To the di^ 
pist of many. Ilourlic made Wentworth a 
inaK'^d'alo and jn-rsuunUy rii>t<<;d biiii at Iiis 
rotate, and at all tiiii'-:* wiui ^•ri'^ally ^ntd>;d 
by hia advice. Wt-ntworth's old opi'onent 
Matdeay was supersi.-ilcd by Ut'a* 'niomfOo 
lu colonial secretnrr. Tlia p>.ner«l com- 
munity [inifpfred nnd«r th« r^ime of a 
gorernrir wliA wii.< wit«i- enough to bendviu'd 
unofhcially by ito ablest member. 13ourke 
was siicectdi'd by Sir Oeorj^e Clippn [(j. v.], 
who originally inti'odi^d to rtconimeud 
Wentworth for nomination to the b-gii'lative 
council, but an hisiConc dispuU! k-d to tliu 
wilbdruwid of that noiniuultuQ. ' Karly in 
1840 seven Maori chiefs wiri* in Sydney, 
and th«v were iitvitwd to xif^not rntRrnmfnt 
house a declarattnii of ibeir willingneas to 
accept thw quoen as tbi-ir sovrrcign- They 
attended and h«-ard thi^ nectuuuuy documrnc 
read; each of them received tea pDii[ids,and 
they Wfi>; to return lo the governor in two 
day* to aign tho dcclsmtion. Tlwydid nor. 
return. To a mi^ssagy j*eiit lo Iheni, on© of 
their Enffliah liosia replied that they bad 
bcvn ndtis'.'d to si^oi no tniity uhicb Jidnvti 
contiiin full nf^iirity for tht- natives.' It 
! appt-ared that Wentworth had so advised, 
lint Wi'ntw«)rlh hnil intMiuvhilt' persnnnily 
entered into ind<^pt'ndi>nt nf^otialiiina wilti 
t lie seven Maori chiefs wbn did not k-^n their 
appoiDTmenl at govenimr-nlhoufte. He luid 
promifn-d t lietn two hundred poim da a yeor for 
lifo nftrr iht-y had nominally sold to him & 
hundred llxiuiuiadacrvs in the nortfaeru.and 
twenty milliftn of acres in tho middle, island 
( Kit^DKS. liin/orif of yew ifenh/id, i. 'JiH}. 
For two ihv* Wontwortli spoko and citod 
authorities in favour of tbe claims which \u) 
bad thus airquired before th« giivcrnor in 
council, bnt f^ir fJeorge fJipps at nnct- pro- 
nounced ibe allef^ purchase invalid and 
repufi^iant to the law* of tbt' realm, and de- 
claro<l that all the 'Jobs done since Wal- 
poto' sank into insignificance in comparison 
with (hut which tba '.Vustralinii ptriut' 
dwiired him to i-aitclion. Weiitwortli threw 
up bis commii«inn as a maj^istmie, whilo 
Gipps withdrew hia nomination to tb« 
council, And the two men were thenccfortli 
invetemte foee. 
On Sept. leiS LordSt4iileT C4ft«T«u^ 



Wcntworth 



a9» 



Wentworth 



P 



E*rl of IWby) CDnfarred parlLamenlary in- 
otitutiona on AuatralU by bis Conatitulios 
Act (t( nnilfl Vict, cap- 7ff), unik-r which iho 
mrtitllv fUtwtivB lagialative council of Xi>w 
^utli ft' alas wMcrratedL When tli«wriu 
w«ro i«8uoc) for this, the flret election in 
AtuLraliB, 'b tu>w pulse beat in the veins of 
th<! people. . . . That which AV«ntworth 
hul worked for, Bfl<>r & quartvr of » cvricury 
had came u\>on the land. His name was on 
aren' ton^^uu ' (KusDiuf). Wvntwortfa and 
[llaucl were ritlum'ed liy an ovt^rwhi-.liuing 
majurity fur Sydney ; lbs fonaer'a brother, 
SJnjor l>'.Vr>'r Wwiit worth, wm elected for a 
country bfiixnigh, Itichanl Win<loT*r fq-v.], 
liaowii to hi" friendly to WentworlVs views, 
wual»o rctumi.'d. Thu council BMomblod 
on 1 Aug. mi'i, and proceeded (o elect a 
aoLiaker. V.vna thi^n ibvrv vera tiuut« la 
Wi-nlwonliVauprvmacy, BndhiKoldautago- 
iiiitt, Alexander Mncleay, iben in bin seventy- 
seventh j'L'Ar, wiMbluctod to thochair. When 
it wi«» movpil lluLt iL ' hiimblf iuifln**!i ' 
fihnuld be presented to the povernor, \Vent- 
worth cxpiuiKod thu word 'hnmbW," Up at 
onc« iittvtnpt«d to remf>dy tlie financrnl eviU 
of the lime by a bill to regulate the rate of 
inlcrcat anit alien on wool bill; white he and 
\Vind«yi'r vigorously a«»ailed ili« mibedutes 
tinder whi«h the salaries of imperial officials 
and thfl coat of convict eflt&bliHlin]viitt> were 
giuiniiiU'«'l. SirUoorgeUippalooltvdiu vaia 
umnng his nominees for a debater capable 



of mi-utiiif; thoMioloijuL'iit rvfonnvns. i{ob«il 

l.urii _ ^ 

had newly lurived in the colnny, and fiipps 



l.owi? (aftorwiinU l.urd Sh^rbrcKikc ) 



[-l.v.] 

( 111(08 






Imd nlrt-adv <)iiica«aE'd with Kim Ju nrivatv 
thii prohnlile working of the new legislative 
Qiacnine. Ilnvirif; complelely nlionated 
Wcntworth by thi- ovorthrow of hii« land 
L'laitu.* in New Itealand, Uippt decided to 
nominate Lowe for lhL< sonl id the council 
whiuli he bad vrigiuuUy n-sened for the 
■ Aiistmlian putrid!,' "in a few months 
Kowe, linclini; thut tbe g'ovcrnor expoctcd 
tlxi noti-O'nicW noininofH to nufiporl his 
oflicinle and to voto against the popiUar rtt- 
pri-sentativea on every occwion, riffbt or 
wrong, nwigiied his oeat. He wru ehortly 
afterwards elected for St. Vincent and 
Aiielclnnd, and joined Wcntworth and Win- 
deviT in the h'lidorship of tbe opposition. 

AVi-nrworl!i by Ibis lime bad embarked 
very largely in pastoral piintuils. mid had 
become tbe acknowliidfired !i*ftd<T of the 
Bqnntlcr partv, among whom were many of 
" .0 old imperial officials who bad settliw in 
_ p colony. The ' Pastoral Aftsociarion' was 
'Ibrotod with Wentworth at its head, and the 
Hon. Francis Scott (brother of Lord l*ol- 
wanh) aa its paid agent in the House of 



OommoR*. At firat Lowe aoppoTtcd Want* 
worth and the cqnatters, Mia ftt a BKhlit 

banquet given bv the Pastoral AwocutJca 
to Wcntworth in'thr hall of Sydney Ctolleg-. 
M Jan. It^ltl, described him ma ' the ^rr«t 
son of the aoiL* Subsequently lx>w« do- 
clajml that ' the suppltuita ftad bMOtu 
ntnAters,' and he and Wentwurth fell inta 
bitter couflict oicr the land questicn and 
the policy of tranajiortatiAa. 

It hna been tbe almost nnirerul Terdicr of 
colonial wrilvn thnt, with adTSDcins; vcan 
and increaaing weallli. Wentworrh defl«rt<d 
his early political convictioos. Thi« hehim- 
ftoir di^nivd. He a««crtod that hts guiding 
political aim throughout lifu was to foma 
self-governing British state in .\uslralan«, 
baMU on the Britlah eonaiitutlon, vbit-li, 
he declared, recognlaed all fiirm» of wm» 
and elaas distinctioo compotihln with ini 
vidual freedom and [topular rights. lies 
' crocy hfl disclaimed and detested aj 
on an ntterly false theory' — that of honuur 
equality. ■\^ hen in his earlier yearn he v> 
vehemently denounced all ' set ovor him la 
authority/ it woa neter on democrane 
grounds. lie may have found it neoe<«nty 
or expedient to work with Kngliali liVnl, 
or colonial nidicaU ; but ho was no radical, 
himself. His aim was to Mcure u-lf-govr 
meat for bii! native land, 'to rid it of 
tape,' and at the same time to form a t-rll 
governing, anti-democratic eommiuiity «itk) 
an Auatnlian territorial upper olaas oone- 
Rpoiiding to the KugU«h landed gentry, whom 
he regarded aa the peculiar glory of the 
mother-land. Nor was Wentworlli con- 
wioiwof any inronsiatency betwooii his early 
philippicn on behalf of liberty and htf Ut«r 
Bl tempt to create for bimselfand others lam 
landed estates. When twitted by a friuud f « 
his bold attempt to appropriate almo«t iV' 
wbolv of New Zealand, ho is eud to hnrr 
replied, ' Italegh and Straflord, my toa 
favourite English heroes, would biTs done 
pre<-iM>lv till! sitme.' Il^ wti« never mn> 
vinced uy the argument;H in favour of frrd 
trade, bnt, like the Knglinb countrv gentle 
man of Pefll'fl timB, reunined to tne end r 
staunch protectionist. With chanict«ri(iii 
couragOf tn face of the rising flood of philuii' 
ibropic and humanitarian eentiment on boiii 
sides, be upheld the system <it seiid)Bg u«t 
nhiu-load# of Britiah criminals to Atutralti) 
anil nfutlliKing them aa *ai«jgnod servants.' 
At the general election of 1848 Weni 
worth and lllntid wrre suddenly coi 
in Sydney wiih the oppoaition of Itobeft 
Lowe, who, without his consent, wu noint* 
nnlod at tbt^ lost moment for the m«<Top> 
Ittao constituency by the 'anii-tnuifpotia- 



* 




Wentworth 



■93 



Wentworth 



tton tind liberal fMrty,' at vrlurti ( Bir> Hmry 
I'nrko* viae tlic iniiriiiji epirit (Pakkks, 
J'iffV i'ti^* in tfi-f mnking of AuftraUan 



*t«lf, in n (IdRmldi on 16 nee. ISh^, an- 
tinunced UiAt the EiigliHh ^V4>mmt'nt had 
(irnctiraltrdMuIed in accordance with W«til* 



Ilutiny). )l. wa» only by tlirmoM Mrviniions wnrTli'A'rt^nioiutraDei-'toentpnworAiistrallM 

efiun tlittt Wcniwi'rtli n-lBini-d lua pi^^ilion In mould lipr own fulurv (cf, IU'nPKS, Jlut. 

an iht! poll, wlitiv liJH old frirnd iind col- af Australia, li. '>0A\. On receipt of lliii* 

IfK^ui!, Dr. Bland, was dcft-ati-d, ntid Loa-i< iJt!Hpalct](:>UMtivlH.'j:))thucouncil spiioinled 



rrturnisi in lii« cit-nd. Tb- contest wiis un- 
co mj>rotn is ingly liittcr fnim tiiirl lo fiuieli, 
and thif two chief oriilorw rji-d witli one 
ftnotber in per^ontd invwtivp. irATciicrr 
Maktis, Life and Lefttrr nf Lord Shrr- 
(trfioJif, i. 3Bl*). Il Rhciwrs liVcntworTliH «;- 
knou)«du;cd Hujininacy that Lowe, in thu 
fluxh of lirs pojnilar trinmph. di^'clurcfl, whttn 
reiurtiing Tlinnki'aAi-TlLeiOvction.tlintllivrv 
wsA * iiu roan iti or out of Aunlraliti will) 



a commillM! to prepare a coti«litiilMin ; nf 
liiii) L-uiutnilluv Winiw'jrtli viu< tlie mover, 
cliairiiuin, And dciniiuaiit i>|>int. On t^xJiilv 
Wfnt worlli bmtiglil up tliu rei)or wliicli nd- 
vrtcJiI''d '« fiirtn i)!"|,'^nvi)mmHnt l>a«ed on tbe 
aiialogifH of ih-a RHlit>h coni^liititinn,' ami 
ur^^od tlio udi'iiHibiUty of ' the cn,'tilton nf 
liTt-ditjiry tiik'*, leiivinfr it to the option of 
the crown lo annex lo [lie title of ilm firel 
putenleo u seaL for life- ' in the upper Iidum-, 



whom lui would bo mort' proud lo uci, nor, < *uud«onrtTriu^'tii> tliL-ori^iiitilpiilciitc^tTond 
if .Mr. Wt-nlworth wiuild but. re^rftrd public tlieirdeMenduiilii, iiilii-riUirnof lbt:irtillir,t1iv 
HfTiirw from (I national Hnd nnt a mn^rpiypiT- 
Minnl srHuiiiKiint , wn» tln-numf wbo»>-l«iiil("r- 
shm hf Hhniild lie rnrtrc proud in Collnw ' {ib. ) 

On 4 Oft. I84y Wentwortli cnrriwl tin- 
.^PY-ond n^Adin^ of ft hill tn found a miiversitv 



■I .Sydney: but owinu lo preliminury diffi- 



powi-r to elect (I certain number ni their 
order 1(1 form, ill eiinjiinctiiin witii ibt' ori- 
ginal patenteed then livinr, nn upper hoiiM! 
of |inrliitment which would be u greot ini- 

I'mventpnt nn any form of le^inlmivc council 
litherto tried orrecommendMliunnv llritifh 



riillii'ft with regard to the ccini>litution of colony.* The 0]>pOAiiion on tbe pari of the' 



ihe senatf, it did not finally receive the ab- 
sent of tlie Rovenior, !Sir Charles Kitirov, 
until 1 Oct. I)«."i0. When ' the fimi colonial 
uiiiv«ri'ityinlheRrili.'<hrnipir<i'wa»roriu(ilIy 
inmigitraied on II Oct. IfiuL*, its founder was 
|»reeent as out' of iLo fellowK, W-^nlwortli 
W((9 a mi-inlnT of the lir«t M-natr, In IS.'iJ 
Iiu (lave '27MI. for an annual prl^L' for ibe 
Iwsl Knclifh e»w»v ; in I ftfJiJ, 440/. ti)WnnN 



rUing democracy out of doont lo thJK clauMu 
was overpowerinp, and Wentworlli very Te- 
Imrlsntly liad to consoni lu abandon his 
Hcbenie lor creating an AuAlralian peira^i-. 
By abundonintr tberlaaHeKn-'InlinfCloheredi- 
ran,- bonuurv, WcniworlU uurrifd hi? bill by 
an overwbelinioK niiijoriiy, ami it wa* ' re- 
stTvydforheriMajeslj;"»ple«KurE,'llii'P"ven]or 
lHiiii(i n-qni-Kled 10 inform the w-cri'lar^' of 



K travelliiif; iirhniari<hip ; and in lF^7C( Mr. . state ' that largemajoritieBhothof ihe notni- 
Kitxwilllam Wentworth, hi^i eMf»t »oii. nn ted and elected members' had voted for it. 
nindr' a bciine^t of S.OfK)/. lo liiund two bur- Weiilwortb and (Sir) Edward Pear* 1'hoin- 
Hiries in bin father** honour. JW royal ann [q-v.] were deputed by tlie council lo 
chertcr (7 Feb. ll<ot>) the snine ranlt, Myle, profwd to Enelnnd to adv-ocate the consli- 
aiid precedence wereffronted lothedudents lution bill before the imperial pHrliaiuent. 
at Srdney ntt are enjoyed by ihow at ibe , Tlio lenders of the liberal oppo.'>ilio» in tin- 
KngliBh uuiversilies. colony, tbrouffh .Mr. (aflem'nrds Sir t^burh h) 

On I'l A njr.l^«'iOKnrlfirey'i* . Australian Prtl(»- Cowper, co-operated with UobirL Low.-, win) 
nit-s^ivmuienlbill waNtiafiM'd I'underwhicb wa^ tbcu member for Kiddennintier, to 
I'lirl Phillip wu> en'cted into the !Lr'|inrnlr- muilifv iinit umend lb'> bill in Ihe imperial 
colony of Victoria, and the '2(}t. bou.iehold piirliament. This, t<i WeniworthV din^'u^t, 
KulTnifre in tlie culnny reduced lo lU/.) they nocieeded in dnjn({ ; and to hit. dviii(r 
W-ntworth Bt rmcr obtained a Mept cmi- day hi* liittrrlv rejsT-'lItid that Lord John 
mittee of the b-gifilntive couiieil to report on KuBsell had consented to Btiiingleih« clause 
tbi« ineasurtT ; and on I May 1n.')1 a 're- | under which it wiia divreed that no ohauj^e 
monstnuicfi ' wii» adopted andmtitred on the in the A iiMraliim constitution flioiildbeeomu 
tninuteM. ' The bund of the author, William ' law without the coiiaent of a two-thirda 
Woniworlh, Ik-rcifly ('loi|iK>nt, in Tii^iblo in majority of both lioueer'. Having beenroin- 
every lin«' (yiDVHV. Tlip Thrrf liilanir* of pelled tofor)io hia titlwl u[jp''rhiiuw, Went- 
Aufiraiia,-p. ]7ii). At the election of 1(^61 I worth nfrardcd ibia clause as llie alnwr- 
Wimtworth, thooffli nfrain n*tumed for | ancWr against the utormi! and dangi'tw of 
Sydney, waa third on the pflll ; tliiftwn.-* the ilia rifling colonial demncrary whom hn 
n»aU of Lbe rapid increase of working-class di'eaded, and whgeo leader (Parltes} be 
inmignijilB, * interlopert/as he once termed diibbcil the ' arch Anarchist.' lie farmed in 
ttiEini, Sir Jubu Paklngtou, e<.>cietBry of Loudon a ' General Asaociatioii for tbe 




Wcntworth 



294 



W'erburga 



h 



Austrtluo Colonuw.' iind t-iiiiuaTounkl 10 in- 
dUM the colonial oHiii; m inaiiKurate al tta<^ 
af«dertlftB«BmblFor|i»rliBmt!titfurAuhtnUa 
(MktHi lHr>7). He ma; tlius tw> i-Mnrdml lu 
tba rorpriinner of llit- preaenL 'Coiatiion- 
'wrp-ttltli ' in (■(*(• m<>nt. 

Wt'iil worth wiK HI ilUfnuCed with tli^ 
dv'inocrat ic flood-tiil^ and tlio ftboals of 
Algz-^r - itnmieranU tliat he abandonmt 
AuRlralin una rumninfl in Kiijtland for 
Konur ycAn, oxprf^f^iti^r from time 10 time in 
TJgorouj) kihL iiiici>Hi|i[irii<;iilnry piirnMii. hts 
Cundemciation of tbt.- ai:tii)u of tbp ufwuenit- 
relion of colutual {Mlilicians. Hl> spolit- of 
AiiHlraliH liariri); b»*n * ]iritri|>ilnle() iiiU> a 
naiiim I>y lh« dUcorery of gold;' and al a 

Cililif dinniT eiri-n in hi« Iionour in Mel- 
tiime foEY-tota tli<- niiii of hiA roiintiy from 
this niUM>. In l-^l-l WL-nln-i;rtb ivtumed 
to Svdm-y. Hfi i>!c<?ivrtl a )uildic oddn.-M in 
the halt of the umvo»ily, when his statue 
in Iht- f^Tviit hill, by Ti-ui'i-uni of Itoiuo, n-as 
iutv«ile<l. Hu i>vt)u coiui^oUmI to aiieist the 
gon-rnor. Sir John Vinin)» (l)nron his^r) 
[q.v,],aui1 Sir rtiarlcsCowper byHcrt-ptin^ 
the {K>il iif prmidtint of tiio lirjiinlnliviroitn- 
cil. But at the <>nd of \^-2 he finally re- 
ttimcd to EiiKlnnd. 

WVntworth diod nt M«rly Hniiw, nwir 
\Vinibr>rue, Dorset, on 1*0' March l**7l'. 
Ity iliv imunimoiis vntt; of both bo)iM« of 
thn New South Wal«# h'?i*Ii»t«r.* it wa* 
fitly decn-od tb«t 'heir foiiriilor should 
ivoiVP iho hnnoiirs of a public funeral, 
and liiB r<.'maiiti wen- ri-movrd frviin EnR- 
hmd anil interred witb ^at pomp and 
vtrvianny, and witli mnrkit of univiTMil rt?- 
»l»wl, at V »iu;lriw\ Sydni-y, ou li .May 1^7:*, 
the Anelican bishop of Sydiu'V ofliciatin^. 
while Sir Jnim^ Miirtin ilMLv^r*<d a fiiin*nil 
oration. It f>OI to WVniworlh'ii anlajfonim, 
Sir Henry Parke*. lo second .Sir.IniDes'a Mnr- 
tin's propuMkl for a ptibhi' funeral: and ns 
colonial •t-<!rvtary he mnde th« arnin)ri*Bieut» 
for llic ceremony. Tbe rcssel, the British 
Qut'i-n, tbal boru Wi-niworih's remains to 
Australia alao carried ihi- costly communion 
eonit-e bei]iiealhi>J by him to iil, Andrew's 
Cntti'-ilmi, SvilrifV. 

Wentwnrlb waft married at St. Mifihael'fl 
Ohurch, Sydney, to Snmb, daugfater of 
Fninci* Coi nf ibnt city, by whom hn had 
two eoiiB and five daughl^ra. She divd and 
wa8 buried at Eoittboiimo, SttM«x, in It^SO. 

In addition to Ten«raiu » siatuo in Sydnev 
Univeraitv tbere itt a picture of Wentworth 
which ImnjjH in (bu Iioii«i<« of Parlinm-int , 
and a firin m^lallion ]K>rtriiic by the Iiiti- 
lliumoy Woolner, R.A., is in tbe posRftssion 
of till i-M)hI Hun, Mr. Fitzwilliam^^elll worth 
of Vaucluae, Sydney. 



[No biography of Wiatwottli Ihu y«l ba 
poliIiiJiod. bat it is iiud«rslood that faia tan, Xr. 
l-'itxwitiiiMn Wsniworlh. has for ««^rs Iwaosl- 
iMlipg maionaU foi tbo work. AU iba paUutel 
■Moiiiils of biscarwrav* im|»c}f«ct and fiMwi 
tary, oran Uim date of bw birtb ia vmnamij 
•Ut«d— by^ir 3amm Kaittn as 'about tTM.' 
Iiy Ur. HctU)ik«r-Ilcaton and Mr I>.i].1 Btatr 
a* 1791, and oidy in rscttnt r< ^. >:jr'[> 

as Mr. UenoelVi .\tu>ir«1inn D '. U',^ 

grapliy ami ttnrkc'g Cotontal (iritUy. is tiic oj(> 
net rlute. 1793. ^tcn. Tbo writer is rD4ebt«d 
lo Mr. K A, Peihenck (i>r acrrw to his iartlt- 
aLla collKtion rf narly Atutndian tmNks sad 
jMinplilvtd acid fi>r penoQs] «JUR>>i«iion. Us hM 
aI«o Itsd athisdispowal (li« tiiipnbIii>hBJ papm 
af thn laij] Lani tiberbrook^ and ths vnirrV 
own BOt«s of eotiTscMlions wiili Ibc Ur. 
Otorgo Harleay. K.C.M.*). J(u»Jnn > Hi-r 
of Auttmlia and Now /«alao>l ; Martin* iMu 
nod L«lt«rs of I'inl ^bcrbrouko ; Hnatou's llic- 
tiuMry of Dntni, contain the fuUe-i 
aocoant* of Wwitworth. Tha .Kn- 
Atlita.snii Um SydanyMorii(iijtJir.AL-<i ..-■"-'— 
htea cucaultcd.] A. F. M. 

WERBURGA or WERBT7RH. S*i!rr 
{d. ri*0?t, abbeM of KIv. wa. ibujiLtrr iif 
Wutflu'nt [q. v.], king of Mervia, and .St, 
Rmenbild. Hht nioUirr was dniiKbler nf 
ICnrcrrnbert, kin^ of Kent, and ^'vbnt^ (tf. 
099?) [q. v.], a Msler of .St. Kihchin-d* 
[q. v.") or ,Ktlieltbmh. '\\Vrhiirica was, «• 
cordin^r lo Kly tmifitiun, Utt by ber mother 
as nbbeni of lier cinvent in Sbep|ie» whnt, 
Krmi-nbild went to Ely. and at her mother* 
death liuecet-iled her as obhe** of Ely. Ih 
nnclc Ethclred of Mercta Mt her ov«r mis 
Mercian nuniieriv*. as Tn.'iithain and llia^ 
bury in Stntfonlfbire, and \Vi>i>d(>n in \nrtl 
aiuptoiiithirt!. AcL'ordini,' to an •'orly Irsih 
tion(l'tj0R. Wio., whii-h »«Y» nothingof brr 
wry {Hobable nile in SbopjM-y ), j^ho Ixwamc a 
mm, and fnti'ivd her great -iiont's n]'~>ita*terr^ 
where elm worked miracb'^. on thi: death "T 
ber fntb»r M'idfbere in ti75. Shf died all 
Tri-iitbnm and wha buried nt llanburr. Thfl 
year of her death is givi-n in the l-'bestm 
annaU as 600, though if there is anv gr>un/ 
for the story iliai (.'■.■oln-d of .Mi-roa Iran* 
lated her body nine years afii-r h«r dostl: 
when it iesaid'lo haw been found iBM»rm|i 
sbe <'i>uld not bava divil earlier than 7i*i, 
which is generally (riren as an upptYiximnt 
dat«, for Cwoln'd's reign K'gan in tW. Thcr 
is no reaion lo don)>r thai ber n-iiuiinB wi<t 
carried lo Chester during lhe l>aai>>h 
%'uions, |MTrhnp«, aecordinir to tradition, id 
876; it wa« heliev<'d that ibey thoa for the 
first timw were fiubjecled lo decay, and llial 
her biKly crumbled to duel, Tbe naarniaii 
that sh« bad lived as a mm nt Ch«>tvr in a 
I moaastery built by her £ither ia probably 



4 



W'erden 



895 



W'erden 



• men faU«- Tbe cburcb of bisr ahriiut 
becMoe a famoiu tniniiter: it was T««tored 
hy Kfitl Leofric [•]. r.] in 10{i7, endowed us 
a Deoedidline muiiftstery by Ilu^h, carl uf 
Cbwhir [q. v.], in lOtKJ, and is tliv ctiiircli of 
Ihu ex idling »t« nf Cbesier. Her day in tho 
calGndur is 3 Feb., but Williuiu Wurcintvr 

givM £1 Junif aJ4 tbv day nf ^1. VS'erburgiv of 
licBier, And 3 Feb. oa tlint of ujotbor un- 
known aaint of her nnmo. tio^cr'lin [i|. v. ], 
who wrote a life of ber, records two of hwr 
minutes. She was held sp^inllv to favour 
ibe praTera of wom«n and ohlUlren. A 
wLully bibulous >toiy as to tbe foundation 
of HtoiiA Priory, Miallord*hir«,repfeMntii her 
as BoIiciU'd in mrtrrio^e whan a child by a 
hwthnn iiobln 'if iinr fatht^r'a court uained 
Werbod, who, in revcnce for bcr rcjpptiyu 
of bifl suit, Miuu.-d WiiirhrTH to ptit ber two 
brothers to denih. Tbirleen dedications to 
bar at charchm au'l chnpcU, not now all in 
exi«t«nci-, I)«Tc bo.>n nvkoncd ; Bevoii are 
within the old Mercinn kinKdnm. A life of 
St. Wcrlmrg in Knf;linb Vi-r,*.- koh wrilttm 
by Henry llraiMmw L4-*'-] "^ ISIU. 

[LUitT Eli-ii<. r. «. 17, 2*. SiJ, 87 (Aonl. Hhr, 
Soe.); nor. Wig. i. 33 (Enitl. Ilixt.Soc.i; A.A. 
S.S. Ba\Un^. I i'd., XH7 <»ntaina life by Go»- 
Celia; Will, of MAbneslinry'sGi-sta Rtgiim. ci*. 76, 
111*, Qvna Pont. pt'. 30S-9 («i)ll» Sep.); Ai>n. 
CtttTUUMt, pp. 8. Il>, U', «d. Cliriilio ilvinca 
iiiid Clienli. Kecord i^»P.); liromtori iin, 87^, <^L 
Twifi4en: UugJale's Mona»i. vi. 226-30; Kbi>- 
la1cr'» V(«iig<»«or Mrrvi«u Suprrmfl^'y, lirighi'* 
Karfy KngJ.Chiiri-b Hi*!, pp. SO?. 4.«, «1. IHil? ; 
Uuclrr's t^vv^ of ^iul», 3 tob. ; .MontalptnUrl'o 
AlonkK of tlie Wmi, iv. (i).i-7, cd. (Jijwinot , 
IKcl. riiriilian liiogr. (iirl. ' Worburgn.' '2) liy 
l(l«lio{i Stubb..] W. II. 

WERDEN or WORDEN, Siii JOHN 
(l(i-|l)-lTlll>j p'Mit-icirin, born in llWU nt 
Gimltni'ainn in Chesliire. wm tbr; fld.-st «oti 
of llobert WenJfii or Wordeti L'|.v.^, by hi» 
fint wife, Jano Backliani. llo vm* call»l 
lo tin.' bar in lliiMJ by l\w «x-ivty of the 
Middli! Teoiple, and on 1(J Nor. ItjiM waa 
udmitled harmi of tbv oxubvt^utT for 
Clw-«birK ((.W. Smti^ Pitjierx, i)i)ra. ll«l-.>, 
p. 73). Hi! bticame *t<;retary to the embassy 
in Spain and I'ortujfnl under tbti Karl of 
8aaawicli, nnd ni ilir' Actm; of ItStit) waa 
sent to IlolUnd with iustructious to Sir 
William T.mplr to mmliTMc bi.^ «i-nl on 
bvhalf of tbi- triple ulliauce. which Cbarl^a 
found embarrnii»in{;{ in face of bis M'lM'et 
treaty with Kraucu [ib. lWW-9, p. r,i»G j 
CoyRTKXAY, Mrmmr* of Tenipln, |8U<(, i. 
3:J2-3, ii. 401J-3). In 1670 ho wont 1u 
Swodvn an f-nvoy '■xtmordinarv (Vai. Sfatt 
PaBer$, Dnm. 1070 pp. :i:U), :l7t4. 1071 p, 
\7h), but in 167i h« wu9 sf^in ia Holland 



{Hut. MSS. 0mm. lit Rep. App. ii. 9). 
nnd on ^ Nov. h« was created a baronet. 
Ho was aUo evcivtary lo thu Uuko of Vurh, 
and in that ca|Ntcily took a *bariband re- 
port of Oatus's nanutiTu before the Houh) 
of IjonU (.'A. 7t:h H«p. .\pp. p. 4W>. On 
11 Feb. l4J72'->? he wa^ returned to poriia- 
nient. for Iteioate in Harrey, retainiuK Uftj 
eent until the m«soluiion in Jannary IttfS-t 
(In 'J2 May MilSi he rvcetved l)u> lionorarT"- 
dt-jfre* of'D.CL. from tbe university of 
(Jxford. 

After the accMMinn of Jume.* II he waa 
rot umed to parliament for Keifratu on _ 
•J7 Miirrb IQ85, and on '2 .\pril wu Ofl 
pointed a commtsajoner of t'uetom^ I ht ti 
dTMoIution of pnrliuioent in July I0&7 bl 
did net seek ni^b-ol ion. l»n I Oct. If 
be was placed on thu commisAion of the 
lieuifiiancy of London, but on the landing 
of William of Orange, likw his father, hw 
deaerteil th« kiiin, and in conheiiuence waa 
excluded bv name from Jatnee's di-claralion 
of [Kmloii'in Il>:>-J (i^. I-ith Itep. x. i»). 
William continUHl him in rlie commisfiioD : 
for the customs, but ttot in that for ll 
lieu tenancy of I ,ondon (h4. l.llh Hep. v. -Itl). ' 
In August I'597 h« wan removed from tb« 
ciirtoms, but wa* replaci-d on tlio ii«r'*»ion 
of Aunt'. Uifi tory principlea found no favour 
with (Iporee 1, and on bis nceessioa he 
finnlly retired from oltiro and public life 
{litTTKLLL, linrf Itiii. Htlafiot, li*Ji7, iii. 
;(0O, .■i.i.l, V. 277, 313, :11S). llo died on 
'Jii Oct. 1710, and was buriml on 7 Nov. 
in tbn ebuFoh of S(. Marlin-in-lbe-Fielda. 
Ho waf) Iwire married; first, lo Lucy Os- 
bounie, daughter of a doctor of divinity, and 
peoondly to Haryff/. 22 Aujr. lfi»,"J), tbiugh- 
ter of William ijsboiime of Kenniford in 
Devonshire. By hie ooct^md wif.; lie hnd nn 
ouly con John, wbo*>' daughter Lucy wan 
marritd to (.'harle.* lieauclerk, flceond duke 
of 8t. Albun*, and whtMv gmnddunjiliter, 
lAcly Ditina Ileauc-b-rk, wuji married to iSbute 
Harrington [«. v.], bishop of Durham. On 
th« death of Sir John Wenb-n, without 
male ibsue, oit 13 Feb. 17>'VS. the baronelxiy 
became extinct, aud bis eHtates paiuo^d tn 
(iearge It^anclork, third duke nf St. Albaua. 
Some of tbe cider Sir John WerdenV letters 
written while be was swrclary of the Duke 
of York an presiT^'cd in tho nrili^b Miiiic-mu 
(Stowe MSS. L'OO fl'. SW.aiK, 201 IT. I'tif, 
3t.fi.210f.327,2llf. 210). 

[^Biirkc'a Kxiinrt BaroncioiM, 1 844 ; Vp'otton'a 
HeikUbIi UuroriPlH)te. 1741. iii. 048-iSil ; IliiL 
Hog. 171*. p. 347; I'epyVa lUity and Oorre* 
spondentt, wi. Braybrooltii. i». 171; F«l«r'« 
Alumni Uxod. 1600-1711; Uarleiaa M8. SmO. 
f. S50.] B. I. 0. 




Werdcn 



396 



Werden 



I 



WERDEK or WORDEN, ItOBKRT 
(d. laW), •oldivr, wan Ilie fon of John 
Wertl«-n (d. )64(t), hy his wife Knthcrinc, 
dauftiLor uf Edvriird l>ulton, guvi-rotir of 
BiirMdcN. On the ero af |U« civil wsr 
John WOB Bppointi'd a cvmnuFsiuiRT of amy 
for rimiihin*. He ex^rliil hi* infltu-nM- in 
support iif tliti nw&l cause, uid his son 
itouert will nnmiil cntonci of a Iroop of 
liora*.' under Sir .lolin Hyron, firet Mron 
Byron Lf]. v,] Hnb'Tt di»linKiii>tli«d tiimwlf 
\>y hia nclivity. He look purt in lli** d**- 
fence of CbesUir, but was wounded and 
taki^n pruoTiiT in a sicirmisli on 18 Jun. 
1044-'). IIiH father a»«icied in die negotia- 
lion* ffir lUe nurrcnder of the town, and 
iu^<'d ihuarticU-A of tmrrt-nd'or on S F*l>. 
irt4r>-(!. On I'd .Murdi [<•• Wf^ipMl lo be p«^ 
TDiUed to (compound for his delinqiionry in 
being n foinmiiN(ic)n«r of Mxuy, plfinlinfi ihnt 
III' had nev'^r ti^tfd Htraiiist inkrliamenl, and 
that ho ho'l l>uen iictiie in tan surrvudiT of 
Ch*-«t«r. llif rommiwiniicrs fnr ennipouiut- 
iDg were movod by his representationi;, uiid, 
nJthouf;h lie had not come in within the 
proMcrihed tt>rm, thuy only Unpoiti'd on him 
the small tine of WIO/,, *coniideration hoinf[ 
had of Lis KTvtiX luK>i'8 and kind ollitii's to 
mfiabf!r» of mrliHniKiil.' Thfir ►miImioi" 
wan ronfirmcci by the Itoiiaenf Coratnona nn 
9 July, Kohrrl Winij included iti thi' com- 
noAilion. On L'l July the coitntr eoniinittec 
indigniuiily rcntuustrnted, dvcliirtni: Uohert 
'ft most vioh-nt riirmy, adRiiiiii>l<'ring 
gen oral astoiiIshnK'nt and terror to the 
whole countrj-.' They were, Lowerer, too 
late ; this hnuitc dtfrlined to rceodi- from its 
former decinion, and an -lolin hud died about 
the clo9i^ of m4H, liolwrr wa,* tlnallyole&red 
by a draft ordinaiict: of the 1Iousl> of Lord? 
on 12 Feb. UU«-7 {JuutnaU.^ the HutiMc 0/ 
C'offtmvB*, iv.flll,7il: Jimmabofthr Hvuft 
ofl^irrh, ix. u, 7). In 1(548, Imwivi-r, hin 
i>«tat«a weru a)iain s«(|iii«lcrvd on the »iu- 
plcion that he linrlioiiiri-d t miuiotiHhlM desi^m*, 
a fifth beinff allowed hin i\'ifo for mainTi— 
n&nce. On 27 Jnn. 16.*il-2they were di*- 
charffcd from ecquo«1 ration, hut in Kt^o hi^ 
fidelity was s«ea to be very doubtful H'al, 
«/fl/*JV<-"rI'om. lrJ5o,pp.216,l'l?01,andin 
lOGOhotoiih part in thuruyultflt riein^ uudcr 
KirOwrjfeUiiolh (flrat Ix»rd l>uliinier)'4. v.] 
Ho wtta proclaimed a traitor and a retiel on 
9 \\i\(. {C'll. Staif Papt-r*, |)om. KUW-M, 
p. 01), and hiB tr™idrt a«iurBtered nn ii7 Avg. 
A few darn earViir lie wae taken and Bont to 
l^ndoTi ^or ■•Tnmination {**. pp. I.'i4, lo", 
\W, 333). lie Hiicc^'edtBd in makiniK Iiiv 
poitee with the Commonwealth, probnbly ■! 
(lie cxpei)H« of the loyslislA, for ut the Itc-- 
Jtoration las waa imiwiaoned ou a charge of 



Diaty] 



ire«Aon. Amons other act^ of treacberr he 
wail accused of betraying Booth and of ai- 
dearouring to aecure the kin^*a penoa after 
tint battle of \\'uTev«ti;r. ])ootb and oLbir 
tjttncoahire gentlemen, however, b«rritaiM 
him, and be finally obtained hia nardon, )*- 
Ci-ivi-d bucrk his ivtutfii, and in I tiH2 was made 
a groom of the Duki> of York'j; )>edchaflib(T, 
and wam granted the landM of Thomas 
Wogin [q- v.], ibo re^cide. in Penbrok** 
shire (*. 1600-1 p. fl, l»il-i' pp. iM^.^ 
o(i6, 1663-4 p. U7 ; Jli^t. MSS. few 
5lh Jtcp. App. y. IW, Hih IIcp. App. i. '27' 
•*)yO). On -L June IGU.j he rtvnvnl t 
L'unimutsiun of lieutenant in the Daki- of 
York» giianla (tViA Staff Paprr», l>oiij. 
ICiU-S, pp. 407. ol7i, and in May imi7 h 
was namml n roininii>jiioiier for rv'sulad 
ilia Duke of Norfolk's affairH (Perrs. 
tinti Corrrfp. cd. Bmyhrooke, it. W), 
•2Q .]un>' KM* he wa.4 Bp|ioinie<l lieu 
and major in tb« Uuke of York's 
(f^/. ^laff Papfrt, Mom. 1607. p. _ 
and on '1 Oct. IttTJ was pnimoiea to 
rank of lieutennut and I ieuit^uanl -colonel. 

Ou 10 Kcb. UI72 ;i \Verden waa rptumd 
to )jarliament for I'hiwler, miaining bta arat 
nmil the dissolution in lti"0. He wa.*r»- 
liinie'l fur the same city im 9 March lOM- 
16H>% TO the tint parliament of Jauoa II. 
On 1 Mar 1078 he rweived tbe commisuM 
of hriiTHdinrorfhe honu-, and in the auaiini 
aeriiP*! in Mander.'t agninM the Dutch. 
1671' he was appmnted comptroller i>f tbe 
Duke of Yorki* houHliold. On the ac- 
cowion of James [I he was promoted, en 
lU June 1685, to the rank of brigadier orer 
bU our force*,' and on 3L Julv was appointed 
inajor-gejieira]. (Jn :;4 Oct. lie n:«eived ih* 
command of the regiment of borw no« 
known n* the 4tb diagimn guards, and n 
H Nor. It^attniRedilie mnk of lieutenant' 
(TPiieral, On 16 Hejii, of that year, wb 
the borongh of Chej^trr wa« remodelled 
James, he wns appointed a common oouncillur 
{Hint. ^fSS. Cmm. Htb Itep. App. i. 361). 

Notwitiifltanding the many U.-ncfite he 
chived from James, he deaertetl him in li> 
and was rewardod bv the post of treasarer 
Queen Mary. He Ji^d on i'3 Jan. 1680-' 
He wiLB twiec married : first, to Jane Hack- 
ham ; MHrondly. to Margnrvt Towsc. By bi» 
first vife be ha<l John, who is eeparatf>lT 
noticed ; Robert, acnjiloiu in lbero,valnavy, 
who was killed ttghling against tlie Uutrb 
at Solcboy on 28 May lt)73, while in com- 
mand of the IIenrieltit^ii&. 10th Kep. App vi. 
1S2), and Kalhorinr, marrii'<l lo Richard 
^Vatts of Muchmunden in llrrlford^ltire. 

[Uurke's Kxlioct Bur-jnuteiea. 1844 ; Wottoa's 
Cnglish Baroneisge, 1741, iii. tii; Oal. 



DU 

I 



h<- 

% 

brV 
Am 

i 

>rtflH 



Werferth 



«97 



Wesham 



ProCMdin^ of CoiniaittH< for CooipOOndEn^, 
pp. 1154, S3eSi MalUinV Civil Wu in 
Cn«hi» {RfcDrd Soe. i^f LutMshitw uxl 
Cbfflliirv), ISBO, p. IM; Hcmingwiif 'fl lli«t. of 
Cfiesbiw. 1631. i.l84.] K. I. C. 

WERFERTH, WEREFRID. or 
HEREFEKTH {fl. 9ir>),h[>^hon ,,{ Worces- 
ter, was one of the little bnnu of ecliolnrs 
M'bom King Alfri'rl pittiLTVilnnitiil liini.Mml 
to wliom F.iigland owed ihn ^Ksemthn of 
lett«nt in tti(< {Inrlt i-eare of [)ani»li iiunKion. 
On 7 Jimc 8"3 (^VnMiTnx, An/flU Sacra, i. 
471) to was coiiMcrateil bishop of Worcesti-r 
hy ArclibishopEthelred (rf, BMi) [q, t.', and 
i« i«i(l, tliougii doubtfully, tn un^'c• been 
tirivrn filimadhy lU* Uatw* booh nfter. and 
to hiiYy j»onp into Gaul (I'A. p. 474). Alfn-d 
(•vvniK t(j linri; ciillml liim to court alioul 
hi^ (SrM. Di:SEi.M. »p. IHtiiii:, Man. llitt.. 
Brit. p. (>.*l),nndtohBri? givpn him a ((1^111- 
Hi-A pii^itinii in iiis boiisi^hnlil, il-i one of 
bis helpers in the rcetoraliou of letters in 
Wc»*cx. Amon? other work» now lost 
Wt-rfiirih, at the Kiitg'ji command, and pro- 
batily iin.er 8SKI (Attglitt H{t'-ra,\. 474), Inius- 
latvu into Anglo-Saxon tho ' I)iuIo^u<.'ii' of 
Pope (Jregorv — a tran^laliori whie-li l'it»(/Jr 
Iltutlr. Angt. Script, p. 17]l ini«nlions as 
•fXtuTit ill ('amliridgi-. lln died in fll."> (Fu)B. 
Wig. ap. MoH. IlUt. Brit. i. f»7()). 

\Sot. in iidtjition to the RUl.hDrilirti m«nt!Aii»il 
jo (lie leit. Awrr, Dp RuIiuk Oe«. ^Clfredi in 
Potrie's Mon. Hist. Brit. pp. <8fJ-7; Will, 
Ualmcsliury's Onta PuniifiLuni, p. '1'^ (Hollii 
8(T.),an(lGMt«l{«>f^ni,I>. IRQ (KiikLIIioI. Stic); 
Floreslli^uriu.runi, i, :)«1. 4IH. 4Nii([t'illiiJifr ): 
TaDn«r> liibl. llrii.-iltb. pp. 7A7-8 ; Leliun!* 
C(mim»ntnrii (In Script. Brit. i. l.'(4-3: lliil»'« 
Script. Uril. Cat. spp. p. 33: Le X^ve'u l-'atili 
K«l«. Angl. nI. IIa^ly, iij. 47. J A. M. C-k. 

WESHAM or WESEHAM. liOfiKK wi: 
{d. lt'''J7), liisiinp of Lii'liliidd, mny hnve de- 
riri'd lua name from ^Wjiliaro, n^ar Kirkhntn, 
in Ihii FvHi\ Liinr-JMibire, or from W«a«eii- 
Uata, near I'tikenhnm in Norfolk. IT» was 
a doctor of dirinit v. iM-'rliapi* at Oxford, 
wIiRri" h« hi-oaniL' lecturer in th<* Francinntn 
BChooi (J.iTTLr, t!rfii t'riur* in Or/vrd, p. 
;K1, Oxford nist. Sw.) Wejliam wnj* a secu- 
lar, and had alr<^-ady \iM BL'veral ht■nefi(^f<a. 
In lfc_y bL' was pn^U- iwinry nf Elaton in 
l.in<?'dn CnlbL<drBl; in I2;tl he was r>*ctor 
of Wal)(rarp, and afliTwardt prebendary of 
Wildland in St. Paiirfl, I-ondoii. From iL'Srf 
to 1241 li« WHS arclidoacon of Oxfnrd, ant! 
in 1 2^ he held tht> archdeaconry of Jtoeheiv 
tcr. lie was an inLiaiote frit'iid of Kohcrt 
Oroiweteftte To. V.l, whose faroiir tiow mndfi 
bim dean of Lincoln in pliioc of William d^ 
Toiirnuy, who hud beeu di-privinl by the 
blehop, llu; cbapter finally appealed Co th« 



popelo decide tlii^ir f|uarrelvrilb Oroaaeteete 
ovi^r lu« visitalcrinl riebts, and Wetbum 
went to I*yon?, whitbor ne wi»a followed by 
thf bishop (7Jw«<fa/i/tf ArinaU, p. 166). The 
two litigants wore, however, tbe boat of 
friends. On 2'f Aug. lif-tfi Inmx'ent IV in 
the council of Lyons ^avc jud^ent nlmoBl 
wbully in Tuvour of Groeaetuettf (Dunrtaple 
Annah, p. IG8; /JjiV^/a-.pp.lxi-iii), W***- 
liam waa accused of lietrayiiig tht- chapter 
in fnvour of l)i» bi'hop, but llii^ cbaptvi'*^ 
cose wofl iinreaHonahlc. 

Ik'fore Innocent's decision AVosham b<id, 
tlirongh flroawteslc'sinHiicncf, b«» papally 

frovided lo tbe see of Lichiiid J -. be was on 
'd Feb. 1 1^45 conaecrated by Innocent him- 
self fit Lyon^ with tliu ii«»ii]<to.ucu of Oros9«- 
teste and I'eltr of Aigii«bleinche [q. v.", 
bialiop of IIurL-ford. HcnryV content had 
not benti ohIniiiiHl, nnd thu kinti vnun the 
more irritated since Itictiard de "Wychit [i).v.] 
had nixo bcpii appointed to CbicliTOtor under 
similar cirpumsTancea. Wcuham therefopo 
had Boine dilViculty in otlaiiiing the watitu- 
tion of hi* leinpomlilics {Flo^-e* Jliat. ii. 
a8S^9: LbXhte, i. Mil). 

Wcaliam was a scholar rather thnn a tnnn 
of ftciioii, and n friend of tliu pDpi! rather 
than lift he hiiiH, Ihoujth h« bad at leo&l one 
dit-pulc wiTli Innocent tV ovlt un uppoinl- 
mwiit yOil. i'at'at trSturs, Uy(*-i:l6j. p. 
ytiH). lie avoided public life, and devotwl 
liitnscir to the init-'rnal ndminisiniiiun nnJ 
n-forni of bin dioci-*'-. Tlw infliit'uci- of ihe 
Kranciflcans and of { trosstitesie pufrgcpled lliu 
main lim-it of hix work. Liltr <ini«wtr»lti, 
be set preM sinn^ on epi.->copal visilationa. 
He iMued in V'lb'i tbiriy-iive visitaiion'Mii'k- 
tione {Burton AnnaJit, pp. -W-Hl, toncliing 
ulraont every i>oiut "fcnurch discipline. Ub 
also dww up short ' institutea "for liis clergy. 
H'^ttiti)! forlh for ihcm ihu ciiief suli^ecu on 
which they should pn-ach. lie exborlod bi» 
clcr(!y to preach ol^en in llin Tul^tur toiiirue, 
uninff prnrtiriil and not inbtln Brii;innetit«, 
that all niiebt understand them. In '12'iS 
Wf»ham iiifluc-'d ihi' twn culhfdnil clinpli-rit 
to send an Miinl niiinljiT of proctors to future 
elections of olshops. IIo set in order the 
neglected cnthedrni of Liclificid, annexed fhi' 
rectory of llokon ro tL« ftrehdeaeonry of 
Chester us a pr«'h4>ud, and endowed ii ebaiitry- 

!pric»t lo pray for flic souls of the hiebops of 
.itieoln Htid Lichfii'ld and lbH> deiin of iJii- 
coln, (In 7 Aufj. ISSS Innocent I\' granted 
bim n faculty, ' in comideraiinii of hi* in- 
firmity,' to takft ft coadjutor not pemovablo 
af^inst his will ( Cal. of I'npal KfipMler* ; 
Papal T.rfti'ri-, i. S^^ll). But ilhican did not 
vxemut him from holdtnga commission witJi 
the bishops of Uerefotd utttVV^ VMi*A« V^se 



Wesley 



K 



nkUittf fuihh Ihr thii emwU- n^mtt Mui- 
firvd, kiDg ftf Hicilr {Dnftwt Aniab, u 3i>0, 

In IL*5(I U'Mhom wu imittva with 
|«r>lT*ia- Knnwinn llisl all )iop« of re- 

cori-ry was ^Tf'tfi aril f-'ariiiii: tluit RorauJI 
'liin(r>>r llinrmtcmul ht* 11>irk ( Hurtmi Atutalt, 

II. •t77t, )i« h<-*<m)(hl Alt'inndiT IV to allow 
lira t(. \ioliI ii|i hii fiftic**, lltif P"!"' ""- 
trillinp'ty rnni"-iitc<i, and ajriininli^ ItoiiiT 
dc' l.pxinton. I)u>li<>f> of liini-olii, to r«c«ire liia 
TVM){iinii«it Vr iiiiiJi-r Ll-xixtoit, Jons dk]. 
Thix wKt I'R'ttMvii oD 4 IVc. «t tbe manor 
of Htfrnoitl, to vrhii-ii Wnahnm bA<) alrettdy- 
rfrlrMl on a ]M>ni>ii>n of tlini'linnilivd marlu. 
[In cli>-(l Kt Itn^wrvMl nil Sunrlnr. 21 Majr 
Ii:A7, nnd wm hiirii^ nt Lichfield on the 
follouing TiiMflny, Fiillt lU' Snndford [rj. v.], 
an^litMaliiip of Onhlin, rrU'limling iW funenl 
oflloi' (Jtttrtou Annal; ]>. JO?). 

1301, Mntlfiuw I'lirii'* rliruii. Majoni, volo. it. 
nral v., Floiv* M>Mor>Ar'im, Anmili'i Mnrin^ici, 
flt'>f«^ic>.Ii>'H r,i'li)>ni < Itollw Srr.) ; LitiUc Or»y 
Friitm iudifonl fUtfonl !!'>.> Soc 1: |j* N*Taa 
l-'mii K^clpiior An[;'>''»»(*'> '*l I'lrtyi Oodwin, 
iln Pnt«uliliiis AnnltiT; Benrl'onl't I^ootmn 
i>Uir^ Af [.i«liRol.l (HI'.C.K.), pp. lin-17: 
kxg* II Mcinoir* nl iIm> Lif« of Iti^rr do 
Vt'cNbnmOill)ii*f'>'lb*it(iuint tiouncby,] , 

WESLEY, CKAULKS (irO--I7««), 
(Iiviiic itiid liyniti-wriUT, vi^liU-untli ciiiM, 
vouitt'c»i iind tliinl surviving •on of Snmii«l < 
NVenltfY (I(liei7;jrp)'q.v.\wn» Iwrn «t Kiv | 
wnHlilti-<-l'>rv,Lin(-iiln*hin>,«n 1^ IW. ITOi. , 
Tlii«i corrrctioii fnim tlin usual dnlfl(I7W-) | 
i* inadn |irncliciilly MTlain in 8l*'iifn»on'B j 
' Mi-inorinU itf ihft Wi>h|it Family ' ^If'TS", | 
p. ."Wo, A Bovpn Diontlia'rtiild, hon'n* ivnr«d 1 
Willi dtffio)iltr. In I71fi lip i-ntcTf^ Wert- ' 
miitRliT •iL-)io>d, uiidiT llii> cam ntid nt thi; 
(■•(*l of III* bn>tlirr Sfltiiurl f«N' llTldt^r Wi»- 
li:t. S^urci., I'Xt:.' I7;!-Jj,tillli(> nntvLM-Uni I 
kintf'a *tcliolnr in I7:!J. Amonjr hi« m-lir»rt)- ! 
fi'IInwa WIS Willium Mumiy (afl'Twnrda 
lir»t ICtirl (if Mnn-fi.-ia) i|. v-l AW-lcy, ' 
whn was captain of lhi> «clinnl I \'!'i'>), wiu i 
Miirrtiy'i itmtortDr from ill-iiMfCei nn thv 
MRin- of Ilia Jkooliir<: onein. lie «howM 
liniiiatic ability and Qtiickiii^iis in ai>r|uin^ 
mill', and Uon- a liijili cUamoier, tliuii^h 
111" lively di:>|)n*ition nol liini into ftcru|H-.it. 
■Iiiliii \Vt-sIi'yiilIirmi?:l(iiiiin unfini«l»'ink«'lcl; 
of hin hrallii-r's lifi>, wriltm 1 7l>0, and ini<ant 
fnr piiljliojiliiin) thnl nl lliiii jjvrinrl (SiirrHtt, 
Wwil.>ynr Wcllcilfy id. rJS Sppt. ]7l>8) of 
Dnninin, ro, Mcnth, wroi<; to his father pro- 
pAsing topmvii3ttfornhiirKo'i*e<liir»ilion and 
adopt liitn as liie heir. Mon»y woji accord- 
in|[ly paid for liij sclioolio^ fur aome years, 




Jf 



»»« anwilltBp lA jBi to [fttel 

- ■• -^l(ii*«r 

raalieroKf- 
•iiKi>-<i I'linvii tS i^i--\ uiiinvauriT MtafM 
i;tcbard Colley (aft«nrWnl« ItiehudOdlif 

I VVvllvMky, firm bante ilorr:-_ ■ 'q.\.'\ 

I In 17L'tS Charlea maXerr^i < haf^ 

{ Otfunl. as a Wmtmuutcr o^l. .^uv. ui4tin- 
, latin^ on 13 Jnoe. For tb*< fiivt raar h» 
; was iiidispiw^d lo pats from iht tot^a^tf 
< Iu> bn)ll>i-r Samunf lo that of Jitbn, thai 
. fellow of Lincoln. ' lie woaltl w»raif 
sRawf-r, "What, wonlil yo<) bavf ttw M W 
' a aaini all at oacri ' ami would knr m 
more.* IIU apptiistion to Maiiy nai ooiab' 
' dont wilhJoltii'»n.-m(itAl rn>B]Oxiard(17:f7^ 
; Study bmu(:ht ' fti"U^ thJDkinj*' in iu tail. 
Me bejtfan to atrtrnd the wxfIiIt tmamamt- 
I In Janiianr 17:^) bo brfpin a tftarr, Lvpt it 
1 rv^iiUrly fur tw«tly yram, tliwn inr-rmli- 
lenilr till 17-7tl: tht di-.- t 

a»cri&rd by IiU ltroth«'r to ' - 
By tba spring nf l7:iS yii\ :u. 
.Iohn'9 rtrtunt to Oxford, io >''■ 
liad'pcrfttuidedtwoorilir>-i - 
to aceompauyme, aud to oh 

of study prticribwi l-y lli- " ... ... 

univrriiity. Tlii« ^m-d iu>- the hanDl>« 
niclitiutiie of ui-diodist * (It^tttr ■■> T)intnu 
Bradbury Ch^ndk•^ iH Ayhl ] ' 
bMloKrnlof lli«nicktuitnv isn«>>i^< 
Weslev to 'a young g'^nllfuum tif i tii 
Ciiurvli.' iu moaoinfc has btvu niurh di 
CUiw-d. WatMin (L'/'- >if J'tMn n'riitf. 
iKiii. p. 12) bifi citL-d ita nsr an a rfliriuw 
di-Hi^iktion t'pliun, partc-KtalT notbodiit* 
aa early as I*stP. &ani<*l AMIIiatan 
and his rollonem jirera deacriU'd (I 
' now mvtIiotliAiA in the (frcet point 
firalion.' John \\\<9lt-y thotl^flil tl»pff 
an alliuton to the ' m^lif i Dirthiwtin ' ( 
o[iposi^ tovinpirio^l. Hal ihi-iv iPi tm rvarni 
for (lUcslioninK the It-aiiroonv of t'lurlr). 
He was iaillt;d a * wthodist ' for advocatiiii; 
n »y»lf-in of Mtnity. Tlw" n-ligioiK rftnTcK* 
wui uol ihe priniuryottff; tlit* "wonl 
litll« nmnc tlmn 'pri(i'(««- 1'iiiti.l 
tt'oritlaf H'(W^ttrh edii. 17'n; ..1 
where ' mi't itodisi ' i« g^lowu'i) 
of a intfhn.!. oraflVcls Iu !«■ 

In )7^0(.'iiurle'igraduat<.>d it..\.undfai'fi 
to take pupiU. lie wua an exec IK-nl «cl<ulari 
an esix-ciiilly kmnI Liitini^t. Hia plan 
0MO(-isl»rt »iiidya»d n-li^iiniii <>xrrcix^ 
jtiunod mw pruponions nodiT lii» ImtLur' 
htad JMf \\'tun.Ki, Joitx". Hn threw hi 
self into tliA nw>vatiW!nt. with coiispicuo 
wal. It wa» to Charlw Wesley that Oi 
Wliit«-fi,ld fi). v.] fir»t lomrtl ( 17y'J> w] 
felt drawn to tlie niethoHLiit uiuvvoiMii 
ho looked forwaid to no carevr Iwyoiti 



"Tl I 




nf a tutor, nnd ' escceilinfrlr (Imuled eni«r- 
tn^intn holy orcUrs.' This tirradwss partly 
due to inlrostiMi ivfl \-icw« of ri'ligiim de- 
rired from mvulical writer*, wliotw itifliienee 
liu ncTort'niirptj- shank olf, lli; f^duiifed 
M.A. m iJ Alareh 1731* 3. Ills copy of 
FoU'a 'Life' of Hammond, with tho auto- 
gnph dntv I'm. iind the mutt!) * Lunifo 
^tequnr,' hii* b-T^ii priMMTvtMl ( Wakbley. 
Anecdctef, lS7l). p. :t7i)). Iti fm^B of the 
oppi)»itioiiiiflii(ibrothiTSamiirl,wliiitUniiKht 
liioi unlli. for tlin wark, hf^ joiiird Jithn in 
tli« missiuD (o (.i«oiviu. koihk os Bvcrvtan' 
to JftltiCA Edward Onltlhornf [a- v.", tlm 
governor. Un the adiice of Joliii Burton 
iHB)li-l"71) [i\. t/i, h» wan ordained d«Acoii 
bjf John Potter ( 1(574 ?-l 747) fq. v/. ihiii 
buhop of Uxfonl, und jirieat, bv tidmund 
OiluHiu [ij. v.l, biehop of t'Onduu, in OctobfT 
J7;i», ju*t. I)t!r<)ri' »tart,(in{. 

Lunvltii; hifl brolhtr at S(i\'annnh, Wi-hIi^t 
rwu'hi'i! {ftMiirchl73iHFrfdiTicn.Wt,Sini"ii'» 
Ljblnnd, Offtethorp<>'i« r>-^iiVnc^. V'r<tTa tIiIa 
^dfttv bi« 'Jutimal' becomes KvniUbk'. lie 
^ wiis to miniitcr \<y the coloiii«r« nnd convert 
the ludiaiiii. \\\i slay wum oqc locm ; hiii 
niriclnrM made him rneiuii'* in a tax com- 
Diiuiity ; by lits n-fiii>a,l to r-.i-oj.'nifi; Iiiy- 
baptifiOi, he uTvijudiii'd biH nflVjrli) for uiorul 
nlotm : ha tlid not rpC on with Oj^Iethorpu, 
mid eren wHcoiuvd "u. friendly fever.' On 
J3 Mny he left for iiw:n-t«ri »! diHifs «t 
i7»vanu»h. 11« wa6 unxioUE to rexi^i hin 
post. Toktiig de)i|Kiti-lii<i frimi I leli'lhrir^H^ Ut 
(he Gooriria trufitett* iitid tli« bonrd of Iradt*. 
lin \nit Harninikh on I'l Jii1v in wrv unlit 
liealth for a .iliirniy v-ivnge in an nnM'A- 
worlhv VMJel. Aft>-rdefnyAat Chnrlestown 
anil Bneton, bl^ huidrd at 1>es) ott 'A Dttc. 
173(t. lie did nal n^iiu" th« werfturyohip 
t-ill tt April 17:ir*, when tho elato of his 
henllb und hi* bioUK-rV idvicv (thut hu 
should remAiti at CJxford) leil him lo pivi? 
up ihii idvn of thu Oeorfiin iiiii«ioti. llu 
' had preTiously mudf rnin CTlforlit to induce 
thu wulesiaat lejkl AUthoritiei< to rci;i>ffiiiM! 
.Moravinu en-npemlion, 1 1 in intercnnrjio 
with Ziuzendnrf br^nn on 10 .Tiiti. ]7>'ir. 
fl* wiw ablti bi iiid Zi ru«,-iidorf, through Lia 
ocqnaintanr'' with llisbop IVtter. 

m- i'uuer's advic«, be jaiuud (-'li Aug. 
1737) the Uxfonl d'-puTai ion with iinaddreM 
to tL« throne ut Hnnipion Court. Shonly 
aft^r. Ill* oiii<>iiIt<-d WilHiim Ijiw ' i|. v.J un 
religious niatlvrw, without gninin^ autipruc- 
litiU. In I'"«briiiirv irJl'' hi- cnme iindyr (hi- 
induvtici; of Peter liuhler, wlio leamM Knp- 
Ush from him, during ■ risic ah OxfotxI. 
Wiwloy doe* nor .ipfm to have Wmod 
(■ATman. llie peruenl of Lutlier or Oala- 
tians, which hv mtl with iu May, guve 




clmrncMtohis reltgiouE idai«. Wliit-8unda^ 
{•2\. .Mny 17.^) he fixi-K w tli<> lUto of hia 
conTention^ a oiniilur extii>ri^nc4! rrtarhf.'d hia 
brothpr John on Ihf followitid Wedn«?f»diiy, 
Tidl of new zeal, he rcrttinicd prt'whinR on 
'J July. Oil :;4 July he becnme unlic«ti(iod 
curate to tJciorp:' .StonehoM^o of St, Marv'a, 
InHngtori ; lie rvad daily pruyert, prvucfivd 
eoiialantiy in London churehea, visaU-d New- 

, ifntu, und held jirivalv uii^eliin^ for espoei- 
lioti und deTotiuii. On L'O Oct. h<- tirMt 

I prejiL'hed without notes. In intervit'w^ with 
(lilivon, biithiip of IjQtidou, ho dvfecdtHl him- 
aelf n^nin^t cl)nrgeft of irrcfcuhirily : hib an- 
noyL>d Uibson by pviut; liiui formal notice 
(li Nov.) of hii* intenlion to rebaptisc a 
wouian who Uftd n'ceivvd haptijtm fmni n 
diftsenter. Tile Iblinj^lon ehti 1X711 wardens, 
disliking' hi» niinistmtiunii, i[iieiflionud the 
1«p:alitr of hi« posttion, aud k«pl hiui forcibly 
from iLe iiulpil. 8lonehoiu<L' Wiia<)b1i)rf>d to 
end th>' eiiKn^'emeiit in Mav 17''t!). Hii fre- 

?iient. prr-arhinft fur Ileni-y Pifirs, vifiir of 
{e\Iey,Keiit,lir(}U(;hlofUiiiiuoostoLiimbeth 
and n ct'nsniri" (19 Jniio) from Archbi*ho]j 
I'dtter. On 1 July be preached ou justitien- 
lion bi-forv ibi- iiniverjiity nf Oxfurd. A 
wulk thr-iigh «. tivid, lo preach t>n Keuning- 
tou (.'ouitunn, brought un action for tru»pa«i*, 
which L-ont hitn (I^U •Inly) nearly 20/. 

lie enti-n-d npun the itineruut ministry on 
lli Aug. 17;iH, riding to r.hi- wtsi uf Ping- 
Inud. iakiuR his l>rx>lher'i^ plucii at Itr>etol| 
he tnadt' thin lii* hi-ndi|iiaH«r!>, •Tiiti'riiig on 
his uiinjatry at WeuTure' Halt on ;lt Aiiy, .1 
I'lir thf nt'vt sevontt-en yearn hii piir8iii<d 
hU eTangelintic jonmcv-s findtn|^ ht^rwrs 
up and don'n KuRlaiid and WaW, froRi the 
' k«.'ltnen ' of NewciKtle-on-Tyne lo the 
' tinm'n" ' of Cornwall. His good tenM: ap- 
pears in his remarks (174ii) on the eon- 
viiUire |HirL'XysuiH which brf^ti in 173d: 
some wore counterfeit, others could be eon- ' 
trolled, iht' niniaiodec he could nut ncci-pt 
a* divine Ni|;n*. On two orc-ft»ion» li« 
rlBited Irt'lattd fff Wflpt. 1747-20 Mawh 
I74tf, und i:t Aiip,-K f>ct. 17^1^). lie hnd 
to endure rouchniiijrh uAUf^, y^t nt Kiniwle, 
he report* (tf Sept. I74S), * the presbyteriuiu 
my I am a prrrsbyleriun ; tins churubgocrs 
ihui 1 am a miiil-ter of theirs : nnd ihu 
catholic* arw »ure I am a pood catholic 
in my heiirt.' Kxcept that ho did nota^ain 
crotJi to livlund, bi.'« marriaK^ (17J!I> innde 
litlla chnnjic in hi- plnnp : his wif^ srrom- 
pnnied hi* joiiniej^*, riding heliitid Inm on A 

Iiillinn. Ili^rfine voice led the twinging at 
lis religious mectintts. By a etronj: tueaauro 
lie fnistrntvd his brolher'a Mnwi.=.e mnlri- 
monial project of ihe aame y<;ar. Thougb 
he had encoumgcd lay preaching, and "^^ 



Wesley 



3«» 



Wesley 



Umelf <io July 1740, in ltu> whootroom u other*. Hie ftrntiUm f irwm «i 

Kin^wood, nfar Uriuo), Jirxwiy, ii, 47:t) oeeataumMj, »» at tt£,he e—jj 

Iwmi 111* hnH to utminwlfrr tlii^ onnmutiion ' % torR«t of ioifMWMM aaj a 

tulii# Ml'>w>-r>, rf-i^-ni^fmmtliitintvai lb« eloqaenev/ but bis iMraal dcGmr vma lal^ 

Titniplitt-liiirrb, llnatol, ht Kxtk ■lorm irhvn doM ftnJ aloir, vilb fr ta um t pftsws (J^rt- 




mt, lift md Tmn^ \<S. p. 3U)i. lal 
Ilia B«-iTDan9 wgr» tanHiBirs intfTmiifa) In 
inli!rv»li of un^iiif (Jacudv, iL 4331. U' 
wu uwidaout in TiaitinfE rmtiA- TO wl aaV 
futon, inclndinf tba notoriiMi Wdi^ 
Dodd iq. r/ To hi^ farqUiMr* ctCmImm, 



f •« 

« 



tbn viiiw* if soini- Iny piTMchon! puiutvd (o 

tTw aptiTUK'n "f nii'l Iiixliiini from Inv church 

fif Fnul>n'l. Th<> ri-lKbralion (if i)il' i>iiclia- 

n^t l>v l'l>«rl>'i> l'»rr>mpt [■■»■ un<Irr ]'i:rro- 

urt, ViKfr.XT', whiitind lM>cn biHi roinjMUii'>n 

In ln-lflnil,)ii' il'niHini-^'d aan' rilnnxnmplr' llodd ^n. r. 

(Iiiiilt-r in T\KttMAS, John tt'ftl^i/, l^'O, ii. wbicb wfui ■• I'M, be wb« ■ elw^nrt lr 

:K)Z|. In i)ic cntiMl year ITG'f hv Ivn opposed; tb«r«WMU no grooad far Jwlt- 

aliru|itlr ■li'* i^uHft'Trticv at \jpvi\*, vrhioh, son's opiniiMi llul 'be becuav IcM bortiW' 

uftrr tui>y< i|ny-<' (liKCiift-ioii uf tin- qn<'<ioo to the iui>«niK», tbo«rii rMolvcd lo bmw 

or«<']nnittonrrr>mtlixctiim-li,(le<ciitr>(ro>-MaT) br«acb with bia brothrr, bat to lf«T* w 

thkt, ■ wliHbT ir, wftfl lawful nr not, it w htad» the fKmdDct of itivthiMlifa. I» 17 

no wajH «x|M^di«n(.' Il« atlomU'd th« ctm- hti tint mK WillUni WUlMffforpr ^aj. t 

faroncf of 17AH (in August, it KriMfll I, bnt the boose of Hannah More fq. r.] 

WW nol Mlisfirxl, Shnrtlj aflxrwardu bn At tlw U^iDnine tif IT'^Iih stiMqrfhe»- 

wtml on a tnthunnii to thf north of EnglaiMl tirclf fitW: by Marrh hf ma uaalik- l« 

'to coiitirmihe uii-tlio'Iixta in the clnirch.' i write. On hw br^tb-r's ailrir? h' •«»» 

Afler bit return r» lliiHtol ou fi Nor. ITfMi 

be t'tok un ftinluT purt in tbr iiineniDt 

miniiilrv. If iinniilcbat lir<rpfii*f<I a UiiffiiN.' 

wooh iHXI/. n year, aihI di'cliru»] u fi^nn* 

jimir«rt*il hitn by n Iniiy whii Iinii ouurnrllwi 

with biT rflatiioa (MnoHii. iHlVt, li. li'-J). 

Whf'ri iti''iii"diiil prt'iichiim l>i»jraii li> lalti" 
iIh- It.'iu'fll i)f ihi- T'lloratinn Act, hi- would 
liavf had Ibi'in It-a«o ini-thu<li«tii for iJi!N!>'iil. 
Aa nil nitrrnnlivi-, )ii> olFiTi-d tn tu>i- nil hi« 

inti'D-Kt In nbtain their ndmiK^inn to Aneli- private BuW-riptioalTrkBUtK, J ..>.■. 

C«n ord'T". I|(i nritiii (IT Mnrcli t7KIt( to ' lii. 2l?fi); a "innll oU-UmV inark< hi» pmir 
jubn Nrlfcon: ' lUthrr ihAti (>*r thi-"* n (lis- In City Road Obapi*l(wheri^h*hHi! .1. liir-.! 
■••iitin^ iniHrxli'r, [ wiili to we thfw smiling burial, the BToiinJ Winif uaruii 
in tliy ojl'in ' | JAVceoN, ii. IHO). Ilishi.'fllth a ronrbh! rAbl'>t to bt« mFtnf>ri-. i i 
■tiirff"d ; hj; wM t'OuiiK'll"d in I'Ol 111 retire ' with that of bi« bmiher, )» on the tayM 
from wtivt' iltiti"-* to iliith. From 17i(2lhe plat^ O^'l •" WWlminster Ahl«-r oeiil>» 
Wiuih'y* divorgi'd in tli<-'ir iri'itlincnt uf n initiatiTO of IVfin ^lanhir. His jxinrvt 
point nfdorlrini'. llnth ]md pn-iK-lictl ' ]wr- (1771) br John KusAi-n, in 1h(> A\i^l<'yAn 
fiKition;' Chnrlca now, in view of cunvnt C(?nlenary Hall, ha* oAcn b«n r>n|^Ted. 
fnnalit'nl rlniiuM, iniiialcd mi a tfriiilnnl pro- Annllii-r |ior1riul I 17^4) ix in ^\' h it*'beadV 
IN1M, nMcliinif II 1iI(.'h«T (T'^ol' No diirur(.>nn! * I.ifi>,' enirrsfMl hy J. ^"iltlor, and afraia tit 



attended hv John Whitekr^d i '■ 
[q. v.l Ik' died iu iV March 17- 
to the tnisdirvction of « letter, rht- lu j- 
not reach hi* brother till -i Ai>ril. tivi late I 
atl«itdance at ihr ftmt^ml. t.>ti H A| ~ 
•KM burinl, nt bi> own «ipTV<s desit 
chtirchyard of St. Marylf>b<>n<-, imme 
behind tbii old chiirrh ; the pall wa« bonr 
bv i"ii{ht AiiK'i<-TiQ divine*; the .-;^--- f 
hw fiinpral (]\U, Hi*, firf.) wit 




uf "piniitn or »t iNilify injnrw! tbi'ir mutual 
confl'l'-itpi' or ui*Mirbod ih't frankn^ttis of 
ilioir iiilcrcoursn. Ctinrlc* wii« alwnya the 
rhampiftn of hin hmtlnT'd n^piitation. even 
wh''ii tiii<«1 Ni»]iiviuuj of till' iiitiu of his fol- 
liiwurti. 

Jo 1771 he rpmorrd with his familv to 
l/indon, (MTiijiviii^r n l<4a*vhflld Iioiim*, 
1 Chi-HKTlii'ld ^<l[Vl■^ Mnrvlfbone, which 



Mnorc'ii 'Utv' (1Wi!4», enRTnteJ by W.T- 
Fry. H« wb.^ of low Malun> bnt not *\'n^, 
Deai^ijlhleii, and nbrnpl and VTim odd ta 
manner. .\lvray» nhno^nr-raind^d, be [<oiild 
ri>udKiidcoinp(>««a( bi!ii.>aM*,oblivioMa of bw 
companv. I.iko biji hrothi-r. hr wroivllt- 
roms ffiorthiind. Hit uinniiBcript* wn^ 
alwnrninodoUof ncatneoit. In olhi?r tv='— ■'■ 
hie nion- mtithodn-Al habil» in latf-r lil 



wno givi-n to biin, funiidhwl, for thi> rf ' pnilmbly dm' to thn irflin-nci* of hi 
innindnrof ihti l>'n»c (over Iwt^nty years) hy ( W»ikos, J. H'Mrry,n.^\0^. hi oldac^'b* 
.Mrs. (tiimh'y. Mo prrnchwl in tnni at tbc rodi<ev('r>daviclotii"iforwint<'ri!»unin*aw 
l-'ounilory; iiOi-r tin- opening { I Nov, 1778) nwr) a Uttli^ horse, gr.'y with iijjl-' (M4«<KC 
of City Kond ('hnpcf, lit- preached there lt*JS. ii. SW). T-!uder and Mmitirp. hi* 
rwico «V(-ry 8undny iliirinf; church hours family aflfi^l ion* ware strong'; hia waratli 
(minlrary to hiH bro(li"r'» ciiviom), and re- of tomper never led bin into anfrry bt«t»: 
I* "ihmittftd lo Hhare this duty with | to hia urotber be looked up with a lona| 




Wesley 



y>t 



Wesley 



revarencn, unili»liirbe<! by their diffin-PDCe*. 
Ill dflfi'iuivt- rBi»rteo liO wm w roEdy, 
thmiffh noL «o jiunf^nt, nit lii* brnttii^r. lie 
hud no Tiu^ully for ^oTtsmntBtit. TIiuukIi he 
liad plenty of county, b* was »iriiyi'<l b^' 
conflicting foclings, with the nfiiilt that Uib 
liulf-metmurM CQiiv«red ao impression of 
timi<)ity. 

Ul- mnrriwl (S April 1 7 19) yamli (6.12 Oct. 
172K: r/. LJ>< Uec. lH:i'J), third dnuglitcr of 
Marmiiduki! (rwyiuiu (tl. 17U9) of yarth, 
lln'fr<iti»iiir.-; tlir' marriage, celebrated byhia 
bmth»r Jtilm, was a most haupy ouc. Ills 
widow hud sn nniinily of 100/. frum Jubn 
Wt-slisy, on whnsfi death it was commutrd, 
at her request, for u capitnl euin. After tin* 
expenditure of lhi« nh^ whs r«-Uev.'(l from 
stmiu by an anuuity provided by William 
Wilberfon* in conjunction with two friiind^. 
The motliudUt body foUow«d with an an- 
itiiil V, which wa:* continued to the )itir\-iring 
children. Of Wtuli-y's oiffht diildn-ii, tlvit 
dipd in infiLttcv. Charltia (I7(i7-iw;i4) ond 
8amiip| (1766-1637) are tMjparately nolicud. 
Tlie surviving dftUjihttr, Harah, n. wotnau of 
l^tvat culture, who mixed in thi' best lilemir 
society of her dur.died at ItrJstol, unmarriot!, 
on li) Srpt. 1828, oped ft?. 

John W'lislcy wnlca of bis brother : * HU 
least praiiittwiLS his talent for poetry: althoiif^h 
Dr. Wattit (lid not Hcruplo to itay that that 
cingis poem, " Wreatlinir Japob," was worth 
alilhe verses he himself bad written '(.l/iViu^C-i* 
<>/ Confermcr, 17Sy>. Yet umon^ the many 
WTrvicw) ^'^ndered by Charlefl Wesley to the 
cause of r4>Uf^uii, hta work abahytuu-wrilvr 
»liindii|)r<'-i-mincnl. Kxi-tcisinganiii'ri-ditiU'y 
gift, hn had early writtt'n versus bijlh in 
Latin and En^U'h, lint lh'- (>|i<>nin^ nf the 
rein of Mb spiritual gi^niu» was n consft- 
quence of the inward crisis of \\ liit-Sundny 
17^8. Two daj-8 latur hi.-* hrmn upon hi» 
convemon wa* written. Hedowhtedal fintt 
whether lie had done ri^ht in even showing 
it 1" a frifiiid. Tliw (init collection of hymns 
iHSued by John Wesley ( 17S7) eontnins no- 
thinjt by' Charles. From 1739 to 1740 tL« 
brtithyrs is»Hi-d eight collr«:ti(>nA in lliieir 
joint names. Some difficulty ban been fell 
in KSsigninR to eai'li liis r"i<pi-cfivt> cumpOM- 
Tinnn. To John artt luiiially given all tran.<i- 
latiousfrom German ori^finala, as it is doubt- 
ful whi^tber 01uirl<^8 could rc^ad that Inn^aj^e ; 
aiid if tliiii is notcoaclitsive (as thi3 ori^ioals 
might hare been interpreted for him ),a Strong 
argument may be fouitd in his coustaot in- 
ability tu write na subjects proposed to him, 
and not RpontaneoiislysuggeBtcd by his own 
inicid. All original liymns, not enraaaly 
claimed by Jnhn in hi» journals and other 
writingd, an: ueuully giron tc Charln. But 




it most be remembered that these were 
o-ditL-d by John, who adapted bt« brotber'a 

Eieces for public iifr, boiti by omiuion and 
yojmbinaliun. Charles W'esley'B untouched 
wiirk is to bi' Mva in publications itivued in 
his sole name, and in noiithuniniitt prints 
from his manuscript, lie is said to have 
written flJSOO hymns fOvwrton in Jklus's 
ifywiMoAi^y, IHSIsi, p. lif»8); about iivu hun- 
dred art! in constant uw. Dcolinii; with tverj 
topicfroRithepoiiilofviuwufepiritualeAptiri- 
ence, they rarely subside into ibe imtditaUv*) 
mO'>d. Uichin melody, ibeyiciviteloitingin^, 
and in thtt bt-Jit of them ther>' is a lyrical 
swinp and an undertone nf my^iticAl fervou 
which buth viloliite and mallow the suhstr 
Mim of doctrine. Much atttintion has been' 
diivcted tA) his BBoruuooial hymn* (1740), in 
which tli^* rc«l presence 'is expressly taught. 
Other points are noted in Warinuton'a' Echoes 
of the l*rayer-book in Wealay'i Hymns' 
[187C1J, 8vo. 

The following collectiansi appear to con* 
l^iin exclu»ivuly his own hymo.^ : I . ' 1 Ivmnfi 
on Uod'a I'jvt^rlanliu^ l.ov*',' "2 parla, \7-il, 
V2mo. 2. 'For the Xativitv.' 1714, 12mo. 
8. 'For (ho WatchniBht,' ltj4, 12mo. 4. 
'Funeral Ilvmnfl,' 1744, liJmo; enliirged, 
irSS.iamg. 5, 'ForTinieflofTrouMe/174.'.. 
I2inAj r<!Tiaedodit.ionri>ame vaur; additional, 
i74», l:imo, 0. ' On the Lord'sHupptri' 174-'i, 
\-Jmo. 7, ' (Jloria Palri ... to Iln? 'Ifrinitv,' 
1 74fi, 1 2iuo. 8. ' On Iho great FiMtivnln,' 174ti, 
4lo. a. ' For Aaceusioii Dav,' 1740, l2iao. 
10. 'For Our Lord's llesu'rrection,' 1740, 
l:!mo. 11. 'UracL'S bcfuru and ufler Meat,* 
1746, I'imo. II'. 'For the Public Thanks- 
piving,* 174(3, l:fmo. 1^, 'For thrao that 
Bei^k and ihiwi- that harp Redemption,' 1747, 

ll'mo. 14. 'Onhi3Marria^';i749, 15. 'On 
Orciwion i>f liiw being prosecuted in Ireland,' 
1749, ICi. ' Ilyran* and .Sacred Poema,' 
Rristol, 174i>. if vid§, l2mo. 17. 'For Nww 
Ycjir'sray." I7'>0, l:Jmo. 18. ' For the Year 

1750.' (750, lymo. 19. ' Uf InlBrcesBion." 
17o«. iL'mo. I'O. ' For the Use of Methodist 
IV-acliers,' 17*58, limo. '2L 'On the bx- 

?eeled Invasion,' I7r>lt, ]2mo. 22. 'On the 
'hauksifiviiig Day,' 1750, 12mo. 2a, 'For 
ihiwut tr> whom Uhriat is all,' 1761, 12mo. 
L'4. 'Short HymnJi nn . . . I'luuagesof , . . 
Scripture,' lf»U, L> vols, l:imo. 25. 'For 
Childt«n.' 17H.1, 12mo. -JK. 'For the t*sw 
of Families,' 17tJ7, 12mu. 27. 'On the 
Trinitv,' 1707, K'mo. i^. ' IVuparation for 
Uvsth'.' 1772, 12mo. 29. 'In the Time of 
the Tumults.' I7li0, ]2mo. .TO. 'For th» 
Nation,' 17^2, 12mo. 31. 'For Condemned 
Malefactor*,' 178.*J, 12mo. A few hymns 
were firnl printed aepamlely. OlluT uot-l ical 
publications were aa'Elegy,' Bristol, 17-U, 



Wesley 



302 



Wesley 



Ho, on Iioburt Jon^a of Fonmon Oaftls; I tgu of four bin father took him ta 
an 'EpUlV.' iiJi.!, IHtno, to Jnltn Wcclay ; Llokn ^txnlfiy [q. v.^'and Jotm Worfnnr^^ 
anil an • Kiiwlle." 1771, 8vo. In R^-orffB Iirard liim pGiy, smlworo muclt impn^Mbr 
"" ■" " " '"'" ■' --■■--' hi* piTfonDBiicM; John ilisBrd [n.T.]o&«i 



Whitttield {writlen I?5n), Ili» noMJcal 
worlfd, incluilitijf uiftnT nni V'f':>n.' piiijIUIied, 
■r" cniUaini-O in tJie 'l'o"tir«I Works of 
Jalm ftod Chftrlot Weslcj-/ M'eH-lrl, 13toIii. 
lOtno, vdilinl by Oeorjiv Ofbom. A Inrge 
number of biA h^'ini».!iti)lunpiitiliBlii:i3,w^'r« 



to pvt him placed hA a cIion*t«r ot tbs Ch^ 
Itoyal, hui lii» futhor refueetl, n"i ir..-B4n., 
tho child should beoomtr n m< 
two yvar« mona be wns withe 
then he h«d IcMona from H<-< 



dbcoTDTud ill tku Wwleyanarchivc^in 1895. I or|nLtii«i, who did not titrictty • 
In prow AV>-sl«fY ]>ublish4-d a f<'<v inTinonii, And hi* |imgTxmi w>!!i nwin^ unlr to ima*- 
■nd ' A. Sbtttrt Acroiuit ^^f^\w Uvaih of Mrs. titrsl tal«ni. He hrvttmn f^-t-jullr '*ri*in- 
II. Iti*Jjiiril«on'|l"4r, Svo; Jitb will. Npw- suishod oa ft pOTformer of IScftrlattiV - 
cnfttln-nn-Tync, IT-t.*), l:hnn. His tiniv<>r»ilT i Aft«nrnrds nccidiiiK to adopt Ok ' 
gernian on i April ]7li' mn througli sixiwn pix»f««6ion, be twctlcd iu London, «:. 



nlitifiiit in Jk-v.-ri VL'Ari*. and wm triin»Ifttcd 
into WVUh, A voluuiti of Sermons,' IflC, 
\iitno. iesut-d bv his widon'. contaiiiii twi^lvt* 
(ni>ji>llr t'orEy) fKTiuncii^ iv,Uh nii uddiliuoal 
one by Joint Wfjtley) atiil a ' Muniair,' pro- 
bably by hi« daughter Sarali. 

[Biograpbiet «f Cluiri«i Wealey iim induilLd 
inniAttaf the bla^piiphieii of Jnlm W<!8li<y: nf 
^Mioval M-tuo HTB those liv Whitf-liwi. 179S 
(alio iamed B«7nnt«ly), and by Mcwn*. t4'2l>J*. 
An indcpi^niJcDt l.Uo. with morh usn t>f nn- 
pul>Ii■h<^J ru nva pond e net. van produonl, 1841, 
i voId. (aliriiltjod oe'Memoin,' 1949, 1 vol.). by 
Thofnas Juckfion, who aleo oditad CharlM Vim- 
lev* Jonrnnl (I'SO-Sfi), 18l». 2 Tula, with 
KrU'Clio[i» fiotn 111* rorr««pnnct»i]cO. Aildilionnl 
uarticulan am in titv Life by John Telford 
[1886]. BtMialrio I-'onhn.)!'* Wo»lin>natcr&«hool, 

I8ft<; Fostpr'a Alumni Oioii. 1715-1886. iv. . , ,. ■ t " — f 

1 526 ; Julians Ihct. of tlvninology. 1802, which «J«*"il dist mcdou. I U- nnminMhuuoarriod. 



lAV0n3 ftWln Jost-pll KelwBV , q. v. , .. 

corajioeitioa from Willinm Iloyi-o [q-"v. U; 
d(-dicatL-d a aet of Hlrinu ijuartvt* to Dt 
lloyco, upon vbimt deMh hn oompomj an 
clepy, the word« conlnbiilc^l liy hu falher. 
At llii» tiroo Wesley woj* living in iliMM- 
Btdd Strn'l, .Uarylrbonv. il* published a«< 
of ' Sis CoHMrtoa for the (Ir^aii or |{ana*> 
chord, Op. 1 ,' ft wt of eight eonpt, onii 
Conncrio Ororao. vhioh iji fnw. n-nVil^ nlH. 
cifltd in ibo 'European >[ ^orcm- 

twr I7«l- llvwaa organist .. 1 • .'Iuip«l 

before 17!'t, then of South Strict' CliapJ. 
WrllM-ok Chapel, and Lln-tmrii Ilospiial. tari 
tinally of Marylebono PariiOi <.'hnivli. UV 
iirumlfii-nfhifi routbhad not b^ou fulriLlod.aiiil 
lie lnvBmf only a, sound praclical miisciio, 
a solid coiiip'>«-r and ptrforraer witliout my 



h'li b4^n follownl for ttin blhliiijrrajiliv (nrticlM 
' .Mdhudift Hfiunody' ami 'W««I»y FiimilT*); 
tirrcn's BibliojiTniihy of the Work^i of Jnha 
and Charloa Wcalay. tSOQ ; auttioriTies titod 
aboV'tt, and refweiiLta to art. WnuKr, Jok\.1 

A.O. 

WESLEY, CHARLES (17.17 -18S4), 

nuisinan, ihe eldest son of ChurW Wesley 

tl7(>"-1788> [q.v.],WM bom at Bristol on 

II Dvc. ITS'. lliA musical laleiit was in- 



living ivitli hill parenls.nnd nftcrwanUmth 
his BiftttT Snrnh. Lati< in lifo tb«j hivlbfl 
and KtttOT rcTiBited Itristol, wlit.T» <1i>tli« 
played on all Ib^ orcanp. Sorali was IniriKl 
tbvrowith thaflro broihcr^ and •intcnvlKi 
had diwl yo*m^, one of whom had Okown 
mafical talent vrht^n bnt iv.-plv« mouiia 
old. Charles dii-doQl-'S May Ift.^, Amonf 
bis vrorks were a set of variations tor die 
pianoforte, dedicated to the Prinoas C3w^ 



hehted from both pirruts; fai»brotlier-Samnel lotto; music to 'Curnct «*•»■;' qIucc, econ, 
rt.-lul<_-fi that tli^'ir ruthcr vru» ' cttri'mtly and anthvuiH. Tin; anthem, >Mt mal hot 
fond rif miisii"/ and, when voung, ' I b^liBVi", I patiently waited,' wn» prin1<?d hv PiM is 
purfonnod n littlo on tijy tlulw.' Their 1 ' Hnrmoaia Sacra,' 1800: and tWn ouitn. 
inolhnr ' hud v<Ty rrtn.iidi'rabti- vocal tali-nl. ; arrnnifitl as onmn solo*, io Novelln's *tVIie- 
pkye<3 prettily npoii t!in tun-psiohord, nnd dral VoluntarMO,' 18SI. At the Jiovil 
sniiB Ewec'lly. fn Kanddl's oratorio Rongs Coll«!p>of Music (•Sacred Harmonic Sodrl'^ 
»hi' niiioh I'xcellefl, heinj blessed with a Library', No. 1946) is volume of music j| 
voice of deliifhtful quality, though not of Charles AVealey's autopaph, including 
vfry Btronff powt^r or extonjiive corapass.' compK^tc scoro of Tya's * Acitw of I 
Charles displayed a musical precocity almost Apostles.* His own flompositious mi 
without parallel. At the aec of two years little impresMion, «v«n in ibi-ir own dsl 
und three-qtiartcr^ hu could play 'u luiiu on and they have lon^ ain«« been i»miplM«i 
Iba hor^iaiflliurd readily and iu just tinia,' forgotten. Charles AVeetey i^ perhaps tL 
and evfo 'always put a tnie buss to it.' most, aJn^niW instance on record of altwelbs*^ 
While hii win* pliivi'ii,' hi" mcitlier tiwd him exceptionnl musical precocity leadinc to an 
in the chair with n back-scriog. At the great results in after life ; beyond doubt bi 




■vriteild bftve been a mOK ilijitiaffUiihed 
mueidati ba'l liic father accepted tfn- oB«r 
lo cihifiitt- hitn in the Ohaprl Iloyal, whPT« 
h« would hiivo grown up in n iiiujieiil ■Imo- 
Hphmv unattAiniible at ItrUtol. 

[Itainfn lUrrinfttotiB Mi^elluriitfa, 1781, pp. 
2KC1, SOI ; S.imuel Wtolcv 1 HconllfC^ionii, in 
3rit. :Hii«. AiMii.llS. afiiya; OiMvr"« Did. of 
WiWtiirnlMiisieLiuisir. I^.^; BiutfUy'* Mmicnl 
liiogr. -lud odiL 1334, ii. aJC-Bl H. ». 

WESLEY, JOHN (1703-1791), e™«B«- 
linl nnil leader of mctliodiBm, fiftceiktli child 
anA eiipond surviviii^ wii <.'f Samuel H I'lili'v 
( lt}lJi-17;Ji>) [q- V. , wns liorii at Kpwortli 
lUvtnry, LincoliwbirB. on 1 " Juhp 1703. TLo 
tJaiT had month r>?«t on tii.-i uwn U^liinnriy 
( I(>«/niMW'ci- jI/hw. I77i. p. ISlt, tho j-eur 
i« deduced from liis fatln»r'» (rrriiliciiti' olhi? 
IrtplisQUSTRVEVsrtS, .Ifi-wcrirti^i./M^ ICiwyi-tf 
>'tfmi/jf, l!i70,p. yiii'l. TiiroORh hie fnthtr hv 
w«B deueadLU frum Aduni l.oriiH {Ifi'.Vi?- 
1605) rt). V.J, priuiutc of [rulnnd: luf. more 
imin«<ij«U)<inc*;*trT,oiiboth»id'.*oflhihoii»L-, 
WAS noncunfnnnUt. Th(ii;gh hiipiiMrd Jnhii 
B«pJBtnia(liUpiir(!nlit!iiivin^lust infmit iinii!i 
of tJiOSft names), tiB *WMiid uamu wm imver 
in use. llis cnrly cdii<.'nlroti from tin* uj(v <)f 
fire Win iincl«r lii» mnther, wIiopp raelhoiU 
were(^xacling; a eiagln dnywjwiiUiwcd fur 
learning IIil' alpltabcl. IlLi ro-iouff from the 
fip«(91*'cb. 170** DUtEpvronliKtwtoryfixirtI 
itself in bis miml as a wnrit nf divniu pr'>- 
vLclenc^. He tra« carl^- noted ft>r Hrmni'sa 
of cliiiractOT and for bm reflsLtive luni, hi* 
father remarking that 'our Jack' would do 
uotliiug (nwB etiam vrfpitarf) ' mili'ss he 
L<oul(l give ft KASon for it,' At eiglit Tfurs 
aid Eiflwaa udmittcxl lo tbucuiuiuuiii'jii. Uu 
the nominmtinn of )ii« fatbcr'n patron, Juhii 
Sheflield, first duke of Buckiii^b&m and Xor- 
roanby [i\. v.], one of Uu- pjn'-rniir*. h" wiu 
ftdmilt«si (2ft Jan. 171-1-Ml an the founda- 
tion of (lie ChartprLouBe school, Lnndun. 
At thistimo bo wrote iiis surname 'Wwillrty.' 
Hit inuniiiiif I'uu (by liis tiither's order) tbnco 
mnnd tlu! Obnrt DriiouKC! cTci>n strcn0beiicd 
his oonslitulioo. I-'ur mpiiie ytiar* lie fiirerl 
ill; tbfi youtiner boys, robbed of rations by 
the Aanlors, liJtd to tanko ebift n'ith bruail. 
Tbv story iit tnld in a uaimiblel of l~9'2 thai 
tbo u^r Androw Tnokt^ [^. v.l of the ' Pan- 
thcon'retaonstrated wilhlnm fora^MOciulin^ 
with bis juniors whom ho hnrnnjiut'd, imd 
got tbn answer 'Boiler to rule iu bell than 
iwrre in huar^n.' To hi;* a)i#ctirc at sdiool 
during tlie aiy«t<'rioiiJ disturbances (171ft- 
1717) at I'ljiwortb ri'Clory Wf owe tbi' minLilc 
accounts of this atVair, Bupplivd by meiubers 
of tlm fHiiiity in «i I inf action of hia curiosity: 
in iLo * Arminioa Magaziiw' ^Octolwr-IA^ 



OMuber 17S-I) he maintained thtttupcmatural 
dianctor of the occurrences. IIi» brother 
^amui-1, tbun bi'ad-ush(>r at Westminster 
school, writes of him (1719) us ii |;ood 
scbuUriuid'k>aruiiigHebruw'l WuiTKitcAD, 
i. Ml ). 

On -Ji JuTifi ITi'OfTtBiuiAN, i. Id) hewne 
eWted (ichf>hir of Christ Cburcli, Oxford; 
b« niatriciilariKl on 18 July, wbcn his age is 
((ivenas 111 (I''osii:k). J«ist befor*.- g-mig up, 
ho vriia introduced to Ucnrv ^chi^vi-rell 
[ty. V.J, « liom In* found ' as talf as n mavpoi.i 
and as tine as an arcbbishop.' Hv rclntt-s, 
with grfal contempt, Sacbdveretl's advice to 
him, Imiiiif * a very liltlit ffllon'/ lo 'go back 
to wboul" (WiKKLi-.r, Anivdot^ »f fAc 
Kw/z-y*. J8T0, ]i. *<-l\. JJ« was n dilt)^at 
and spriffhlly stmhTnt, iniu*li piiK-bed for 
money. I ii a letter (17 June 17^41 to hitt 
lirotlier Samuel Iil- give* » specimen of bi* 
Enpliiili veraifying, n tritle Irom thu l^tin 
onClocB 'fuvpjurite fica' ( Wettminntrr Mng. 
uttvp.) Tlieperifulofdnj ' t^suy oTHi'&lth 
and Long iitfe,' (7;;-l, by Oeorg" ('beyne 
[n.T.^, about which be writea to his mother 
(1 N'ov. 17:?-l), fi.xed hi» lifelong principle 
of Epara and tuniuernie diet, to the iin- 
pmving uf his br-ftlth. He gniduaied ii.A. 
in 1724. Till thft followinit year he bnd 
ftpjHirently uo thoiicht of lukina; onlerj. Ho 
writM iJi'urmrl, May !7;{K) thut his fnth«r 
iiresi^^d Iiim to do so. When Ini had decided 
lor this vocation his mot herwarmly upprovvd, 
though ' yiiiir father and I seldom think 
Hlike'ilflterofi'yJ'eb. 1721-.';). und advised 
hisitpplving himsolf to 'practical divinity' 
as ' I in; bwt «tiidv tor cundidales for onlera.' 
He WAS much iiiHuenced by writers who 
iuculcu-Ced ' ihu rLligion of thu hRart.' but ho 
used them with diHCrirainnlinn. He rtiad 
the ' Imitatin Chrbtl' in Stanhope'^ vcrsiun, 
and wiw 'vrty angry ut Kempis for being 
ton Blrk'l " (in I7;t'i he puhliahcd a revised 
edition of this vereionj. Taylor's 'Holy 
hW-ing and Hying* atrnck him n'a inculcating 
ft falsa humility. Uo fuutid dillicultiu« in 
tlio Anglican article on predeatitiation and 
iii tbf fxcluding claiuet of the Albanasian 
creed- His home corrcspondi-nce on these 
topics is intiTceting as showing bi,i resort to 
liii) inolhi^r'H counsel, nud her abborrence of 
rigid Calvinism. On 11) Si'pt. 172-*> he was 
orSninedd«)aconbyJohnrotterfl671!'-1747) 
Tq. v.], tJien bishop ofOxfiirtl. His lint ser- 
mon was preached ( Ltt Oct.) at l^uih Luigh, 
ncur Witney, Oxfordshire, .lobn .Morley 
(d. l7'-il), rector of Lincoln College, iis«d 
influence for liis election (17 .March ll'M) 
ui fellow : tbiswas a tribute lo his high rba- 
nicl^r, hi* lacility in argument, nnd his clfts- 
sical tftste. His fiilhcr vriCeB with pride, 



'mjr Jttck is fellow of LidcoId.' Tb« Jiyrc- 
lopment of Uia poAlteal powen U shown in 
K pinphrftM' nf (itrt of Psalm civ. bt^pui 



Merton wttticUm. The compknr of! 

methoditu n^ver r«)«cliud Ur^ propa 
, , . . ^ _ , Two or thre« iif John Wmley's pupUf wm ' 

(19 Atitf.l ac bpworth. (»n 7 Nov. lie wii» ndmitt*-!! to ilieir mwtiogrt in 1730, aiidnw 
ehoeen (tnH.-k U*ctiirvr and muderntor at th« ' pupil of Charles ; BrnJHinin lotflmm <i - 
cImsm. II«gr»ilualeil M.A.nnit I-Vb. ITiW- . nf <^ue«o's, antl llmmitg Broiubton i I'l;- 



1737 (r(WTBR; WbilelieaJ, frnm Wesley** ] 177") [q. t.] uf Kxi-iwr were'ailituii*.! ia 
' privot* »!i»ry,' jprca 14 Ki-b. ; Wlevenron | 1732; «t laU-r pL-riodsof tbo sanit! ttmJ.iI.* 



pnvoto (imry, jn 
jfiri^ I'> Keb.l Loup a(^erwsitli> liit garc 
<!urio lis proof of tlie wuDdoenof bis acliolRr' 
riiip, Wurbiirton. whoAttackiv) him in 176^, 
wat tb« mauiiscript of tiid work lo Wirglcy, 
who coitccImI tlir cIiUAicAl ([iioTfttioiis and 
Kturnisd it (lWr.liETt, Atlam Clarke, 18 J3, 
t. L'4J). 

In Auprii»l 1727 ho bficani- his father's 
cunil«>. liviiiff nii<l olTicialiiiii tn»inly st 
Wmot. pnyiii); tjwm in Osfonl. whi-n* he 
was ord»inwl priwt (iH Sf^pt. 1 TUS) by Bishop 
I'ottor. Iff waA TiMich imprt>MKl by a say- 
ini; of Tliomsd Haywood (d. 17^ti), woo 
examined hiiis,tnthr vffvct tltat eDleringthe 
nri<;''th'in(] wu? ' bidiling deOaace to all maD- 
ltin[l'(HAMrni>N, i. llSl. He paid m riiiit Lo 
Stnunton,Wori;t«li>rahire, tliv huuie of Butty 
Kirkham (wlicim .Marlba\V>nli-y, wnlintf on 
7 F«b. l7:J7-f*, calU his * Varanwtu'), siHter 
of ib>l»:rt Kirkhmn. Abimt thiia lime kv 
rttd tli« 'Chriaiiiin Perfeclion' (17'JflJ of 
Willinm Law [a, v.], followed by his ' iif^^rioua 
Osir (17L'S'). Thi^se writtngi nidwl liim by 
Kttiu^ u hij^hfr NtandsnL fur the ivJi^ioiiH 
lifti.nnd 't'VerytbiiiRftppennjdin «iiewriew.' 
Wesley, in July 1732, mafii* l^w'.t ]*r!.onal 
aoquaiuluuL'v' ut IVtnev. and wna by him in 



CUrton |170H-I77.1) [n. v.] of fir 
with two or thfw of his pupilti, waa. 
initlad. and J«nie<f< ilervcy (1711 
[o. V.J of Lincoln; George ^\^^il«.lSeW 
or PembrukH was not admitct<'d tJL 
(tee TlKKiiAS, Oxford .\f^tknd>*u, l¥73l 
TliBir proowdinm wore attack«<d m * Fg 
Weekly Jourtuf ' of M Dw\ 173:*, and a > 
fvoaive pamphh-t n-aj« issued by vn iitit»u 
•The Oxford XIrtliodiKta • (I7-tl»: i»nd ^d 
I73lif). .SiimufI Wwley, the falhi-r. Twitp 
Oxford iu January 1732-3 to learn 'wl 
his *oiu were doine/ encouraged th«m to i 
seTBrt, and hwIiK-d theui from tiiuctotioB 
by liifi advice. Binliop I'ottrr wns 
to tltom; ihoiiKb 'im-jfular." he aflirn-, 
they had' done jTood." The Oxford meiL. 
wen* a*i^rdiiou» in Mudy (in 1781 John 
Cliarl^s ^^'^■»Iey began* a lifelong practii 
of coay*!r»iiiff with t-acli other in l^tinK 
every ni;:Iit they met for coafiultatitMi Miw\ 
supjier; they rvlicTed th« poor, and looW] 
aftTrr the clothing and traiiijag of MkMl 
chililreii ; they daily risilM ( he prisowra in 
the caMle, read prayers there oh WedsM- 
days and Fridayji, preached tUere oa Sm- 
dAyi,and udmiuistert^d iho conunnaionosff 



I 

I 
I 



tnidiii->'d to the ' Tlitjoiiipu ticrmnnica' and ' a monlli. Their rvli^ion was formaj ob'^ 
othtT books uf ihe fiiuie class. Hi* brc«k pmyur-byok; next lo the bible in point of 
■tvitli llii> inysiics in after life was enmplete. doctrine they valued the books of bouiliM. 
Jarob Ihwhme he Created lut ' fustian ' I''''""'' 
nal, 4 Juno 174:3), and Swedenborf; a^i a 
trnidman {Ut. 2h March t770>. Ills seven) 
' Ijetter' (I7^»li) Ui Law Lili iievi-r U'(;n n^ 
printed in fitll. 

A kindly letter from Morley (21 Oct. 
I72U) rocfLlied hini fmtn Ma curacy to fulfil 
the statutory obligations of his fellowship. He 
returned lo reaidem'c at Lincoln College on 
22 Nov., and wa» at once placud in cbnrfce 
of eleven piipib. He found his brother 
CharleH [n. v.] aA»ociat<.>d with tWD other 
undergraaofttt's, William Morgan (1712- 
1732), of fhrint Church, an trishniati, and 
Kirkham iabove-iii''iit ioneill of Mertim ; the 
three were nlrcady labelled us • luetliodititd ' 
[ww WhSLET, t"HiKi,t:«" from iheir strict 
rule* iif study and n^liginua observuncc, 
ini^ludin^ the pradico of weekly comma- 
nion. On joining tli>-^c ynung nicthodisls 
John Wesley nniuniny boeanie their head, 
am! directed thrif plan's, getting thy niek- 
aame of * curator uf thu holy club,' a 



Nur did lliey deny themiMlv«a racnalJai; 
it would Ih) unjust lo charge ihmr temwrai 
morbid: their philanthropy kt^pt tbam ia 
t«ucli with real life; Wwlev's Htroogsvua. 
hiflchecrfulneaa (he did ni,t' disdain a »&)•• 
ofcards,as his private arcount« Khoir)^ and 
hi.! knowledge of human imlurp, MTe a 
manly tuite lo their iwil. Tb© ibarW 
divoi^MCe of Ihfiir SuUsettuont G«ners wiik 
showiug reaulion in sumc c«s«« from to 
ideal overatrainr<l. proves also that the lUt- 
cipline of stricine*! was not ruinous to the 
independence of individual minds, W(»I<r 
himself wa.1 little of an ascetic ; to be melho- 
diml and exact wtd with him an eawntiil 
ran of hnpmness. He rose at four to riift 
himself of Iviny awake at night, Al fifv, 
morning and evening, he spuTit an hoar ia 
private pravor. Hfa diary nnd accounts 
wtre kept with constant prerijton. (tai 
day H week lie allowed for fneadly iwm- 
spondence. Hi« first publication was a anall 
coUccUon of daily prayem (l733J far thi 



i 



^csley 



joi 



M'esley 



. 



UAD of bi."! pupils. On 11 Juno 17%4 h« 

Sn-iu;livd wuiit hi«bn>lli«rCli>rl» mil* ' hit 
Afobltn sBruKMi,' before ibf iiuiver&itv, 
liavini; taken tbo brccnution to Huljiuil il 
to lhi> ricc-chnEiu^llur for ap|trOTKl before 
preaching. 

Bftwpon .ViiRugt. 17.10 will July 17M !iii 
cnmwnndwl aa 'Cyrus' with 'AppflBia,' 
i.e. Mnry I'endarves (fortfivrly firnnville, 
and bi^ttiT known lu Mary Ih-lany [n. v.]); 
ftlic was a fnenJ of his ' Varaiieoe. 'ibv 
eonvspondence shows warmth of inlcreet on 
both tiAva ('rtElWAy, i. 75). In Novt-mbwr 
\TM hii father was anxious to see him ap- 
poiciti^d as hiii 8iiL'Cf?K«or at Epworth. Hie 
bmther Sumufl, wli'> hiul himjielf (tr^lined 
the post, wrotu Btrongly, nlmoet angrily, 
to arge Coinpliancp upon John. But Wi-«l)?y 
wiui nor<>tl neither by hia fAther's entreaty 
norbyhia brotber'e argament«. iU>thoaf;h't 
thnn was more sood to bn innf. el Oxforil, 
and that he could do it. Tbo corrp^pondLnce 
eJtU'n<lcd to February ITS-l-fi ^I'BlErtTLBy, 
Original JMterf, 1791, pp. 17-50). Vet it 
ftppeara &oiu a letter of to April (wliru bifl 
fa.Uicr wiut dying) th&t ho bud ihun applied 
for the succpfifttoit to Kpworlh ; ICduund 
Gibson [({. T.], bishop uf hondou, was ' thu 
ob*tftclB to hi* proTnotiou (TrEBMAX, J. 
1 M). Ten days latw he attonded hin father's 
tUmthWd. Whut altared bia vii^w of tlic 
Oxford aituation iii ontltnown; but hi* judg- 
ment aa to ibe right field for his powsm 
iDURt bHTB under^^one a n.-^'oliilion, since by 
18 Sept, be was ready to iindtjnaki> the 
(leorgia mission, promoted by John Uurtou 
[q. \7\, one of the fi<i2Tgiii triist«.'c9, most of 
wtiom, however, werediM«uter». ^\■'.'»I(>y, 
with hia brother Charles, was on a yisit to 
Jamoe lluttou {1715 1705) [q. v.J al Wvtt- 
iniDst«r,wb(!n h^m^t Hiirton,whointr>'jdu<;ed 
kim to Jumta Edward Ogilt'tburpufq. v.] Ilia 
Br*tettempon«rya«rmonwn»j)reftrln'cIat ihii* 
timu in AlUiallows, Lotnbuni i^trect, on tUe 
failurv of Jiihn Hi"TlTn ['J. v.] 

Tile W««lt!ra, with lughain and CbarW 
Dslamottd (It 14-1790), son of a Middlesex 
nm^strata flio went h» John Wesley's 
famulus), emoarked for Georgia in the Sim- 
monds St GmT«flGnd on 140ct. 17.V>, though 
the Teasel did not actually begiu Ivi-t voyage 
from Cowes till 10 l>ee. Ua board were 
twenty-tiix (irnnun Morsviani^, with David 
Nitscliiuaiin (Hl!l(i-177:;), lliair iiBw-Miade 
(13 Maruli 17S4-5) bish^jp. Wealeyat once 
(17 ik'l.) bi'ftnn to Ifivrji (i.Tniiin (1"' wiui 
already ]na.<;l<ir of French, 'tho poorest, 
nuutoat language in Europe;' he learned 
^anish tn 17S7 to convert with Jews in 
Georgia). Savannah wub rvached on OFeb. 
1736-6. Next day Oglethorpe uitroduced 
TOL. LX. 



WeslcT to August fiottlicb Spangenberg 
{17CM-17ft>). afterwanls (I7JJ) Momvinii 
bishop, whose interrogatiotis k^vg \\'eAlt'v 
n UL'w view of (hi) importuueu of uvimgi'Ucial 
doctrine. For a nmnib he lodgetl with 
Suongi-uberg and his friends. Tbc ordiaatii^n 
Ot Anton ^^•?ill)l^t njt Mnnivi;iii bi'hrip for 
(}eorgia, on ^A Feb., greatly impni^ted him 
by its '«iinplicitT. as well as Kolvmnity.' His 
first letti'T to Zmi«ndorf was on 1& Mar^h 
173«-7. 

AVe^ley's Georgia mission lasted less than 
two years, the laiter pari brok>.-n by squats 
bles. Savannah was bis beadi^uarterH, but 
after his brutliLrV departure he iipLMit much 
time at Frederica and other plac^eji. Thw 
whole of Oeorgta ha considi^rud hi« parish; 
lit" waa accLuwd of calling hirawlf (10 Aug. 
17S7) ' ordinary of SaTannah ' (TvKHirAS. i, 
lfi7). Tngbani left for Knglnnd on '.'6 Feb. 
173ti-7, with tho object of bringing over 
further help, without which there was no 
pro.i[wvr: of ev«ngi>li;«ing the Indiunji. On 
this E>ide the aims of the mission were not 
fiilflllL-d, though 5V'e«Icy niadeaomo atttrnpT- 
in this diri-ctiou: in otherre»prci« il was 
iinsucccs.«ful iu detail. WvaIi-v'h nn<a£bttig 
was regarded oh too pergonal, ami his pas- 
toral viMlatiun aJ eemtoriouit. 1 1 ix uu tict iluius 
inniRtonca on points of primitive usage 
(i^.g. immvrtion of tnfanis at baptixm and 
use of the nixt'd chalice), bi« taking the 
' mgrning service " at live, and ■ the commu- 
nion ofliot ^willi tli«!?icrDnjTi) at nUivpn,' Iii« 
introduction of unauthorised hyinnfi, hi» 
strielm'se in the matter of communicants, 
excluding diKenlors as unbuptiited. his hold- 
ing a private religious ' society,' provoked 
the retort ' Wc are pTOt+'stanls ' {Jiyuiital, 
tl-l June 17.1»), \\\\ l.lglelhorpo biiusclf 
Wesley hod no quam-l, and it must be ad- 
uiitied that) as a whole, Wealey's Uoorgia 
mi&sion, brit-f and troubled ai il was, im- 
prcseod men's minds with a new sense of 
th« realil v nf ri'hgion. H iii finit bvmrwbook 
was published at Charlestown in 1T<^7. 

On his arrival in lieorRia W^ley bad 
made the at^qiiainlance (1:^ Mareh 1735-0) 
of Sophia Cbristiaim Hopkey, an iiileliigent 
girl, nitco of the wife of Ihomas CausCos, 
chief magi«trat(i of Hnvuiinuh. Wesley 
taught her French : nhv dre<>aed in white 
To please him, and tended him ibrougb a 
feverish attaek. Uelamotle askfd il be 
meaul to marry her. It is certain that he had 
propoiu-d to htr (Tierkax, i. 149), and 
offiitred to alter his ■ way of life ' to gain her 
accevtanew, which she apparently wilhhtnld. 
WfiaVy, arting in the spirit of a Moravian, 
Inferred thecase to Nitecbniann.sod agreed, 
'after some hesilalioo,' to abide by tliedacl- 



1 - 


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W'c^jiey -=(1 Wesley 

;v ,:i . ;r:; -- -,■.■■..,■!: r^i.i ;enC'' W"-ieT 'imke irith William Liw, 
■7 ■■— : . ,?'.-■;• "■l'"r.i:. !I* vrij ■T'lidumtlv" ptpiu'iiinir in parlii: 
ir.' ■■ - --JiMv - l.iriii .-iiun-LiP!" ■■vi;!i I'l variation on »:#rabibhe<i 

;=:!_:'•. ittt It -OL'i>tv inetrtings from I Apr! 

... ,,..1 ■->:ti'mwir»? prarir. Hi? -Liied ii« 

■ — tiv ■rs;iiii.' ■'■iiiM'.viuE rhat ■■>!' '."Iiurle-. "H 

_; 'l.iv .1: I "Icsltv Tm-t-rin:; in Aliiir'ziit"' 

■""r— ? , ■■■■r ■iih'r'.' .j irL-ir -vidi-iici", in hi? 

'irr.iii iii'i ■■■••^ i-.TT. r? ;ri Lis lirf.rlii-rSnmur! 

. .■.:-ILl.\-.''.-;:i.ltf: L ftcr-f. 17^*1. pp. S^^. 

..i: .:^ :i-'v ■xMTi.-iii.-L' •.T;ui Tmt ,1 -T-p-B 

' - . '.. ■ v.i'/. !l;.- :-l't "■:' 'L"- Mi.imvian* Im- 

17: ■•■!■■! .;:ii " ■ -"i^ir Ilt-rmlinr, .'?^^l^f :nc 'n 

V .. ■- ■ ; ,: ::.■ v;i r:i_':'.:i3 .ind .I"iiii Titsrbij 

_, ,- .-- ;r ;■. 'T-l '.'::■ 'rav-IIi-'i 'lipjiidi il"ilan.: 

..,: ■ .;.j-.' ;. : '' 7;;l 'i-Tmaav : ir Miirit-nljorn r-.-itt'i 

• .;;: .' :; '..:- : -i r;'. viu -v' liim '•"> -1]^ in ii:- jnnifn 

J-' ■ ".i.-: !r.:.;-"V, ■. ■,'!-■: r-.'iiiriii'-i rifrmliiir mq 

r v...... -iav.-i •ii--r' 'i iVnTui-rit:. .m-i ^rt 

v _, - -■. <■ ..1. ■ '. tiii'Ti 11 ; ■.» S-pr. On I'L <Vr, lir 

„u:'.- V .,: .; 'vii < '"i;ir;i-' ii:i Eilmund i;ib*.in. 

-;.;':', no -'.i. .ii'i i^ktil n-hfli-T 'r-i;- 

■- -■ 7 _■ T, ^. .■;..!,.• ' v-'T" ■ ■■''vvi-ntii-lt-!!,' I ;ih*'n 

._■■.■ :■•. ■.[■.\\)-s. 'L i-.f-rm'ni'f norhinj.' 

■ ■ ■.:: 7 ■"-:; ;!;:^ i :i;-in: Ji'ir ' '\:' T'i !i»- ■!;"» 

.:■-..! v : f '.r;:-- ;'(ir:Ji- M TTivi^iii 'm"'1 

,.;\, „1 .. .■. -,■ -. il'- '*-:L! T-.1. a ro TfriU.- .ix ;i paiii 

■_ ...i' *.".■ -"Linnr-'-i' 1" '^'Iiir-::!^;.!'- .'ri-Ts-iir 

- ..■ .- -'r^'... '.;n^ 'vj-.j :"")i;ioiri.' :i: "ir^r ■■> ill* -rn-e 

'[' ■ : ■■■.T.i'v iiiii ■r'it-r;' mt :i[*t"r .'xpi-iiaii- 

■■.,■ . !>:■■-■ i '.•■ ■*-rui--n ''n :'.■■ ^i -i;---. : 



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V . ■". 1 "■■ '.. 'V ■.' :;il'- ': *':■' ■ N t ]l ■■:::.' 

-. . .-\ r.. : :;l- "Lr i>- M-ll-.l.-r oLir.:. 

V :i - ■"■ ;:::-r l- l". .::■. .' J-\--- -■^■.1 

■!:,.r i ^ 1-'; !'i-l 1 Xii-'j '_[■'■ -x'.-.'V.'- 

■ ■:, -1 ■ :;;.i7'i. !'•!■■ 7^' v-7 f .vc>;.-i.-iv- r ;■.::■'■'■- 

." ■_ J-:-- ■ ■ .: L - ■■ ■;;:::--!:. H' '->'. k..:. t7>'-, 

V -■; ; ,. ■ . " ;■■ - :. v / f :tl" ■ A-:r,l. jv." 

; I^ ".. !: ;- :■■■:'' -■•• I. \i'v. .!.>}[>", 

,: : ::". W. -:■■::...■,■ :;o-:::v:ji:r" WV^W 

,-. i W !„■■■:!■■! 1 ■ ■ 1-j ■ vv-j'/.-ci-anin; ni-n:' 

"- '., - .■'.- r- I . ; ir.i ■:: wli* li-.i' m • r!io im-t-nii- 

;■.■; ',» '.:•,_■ ■ ■ ■■\r-:i. r.ilri.iry rev^-Ht i-'i;.- .ir.J sni"'-* ■■■!' 

■'. .-- ■'..• H 'v lili-iff," ivliif'i h-^ cIiarac'erlK^I a* 

I .- : . i: ■-..■ W -!-vi -i!. 77; i t::inr..i V('rTh>>mii thinj.' AV.-!.v 

:' ■-.-..:..■ :V.;'l;;' il-i. 1 i ■.!-.. i r- 5iiv:ii:b:Ii:y for WliiiefiL'lJ's ut- 



,,;- 117;.. h .-y ■,. 

'-]■■■ 



Wesley 



307 



Wesley 



terancei, denied tliat he hul odminisiered the 
wicminent in bis socielics faod I believo I 
t\i:\i-T nhnU *). cl&imcd to b« ' n prii^st of the 
church uuiversnl,' and 10 Uull<!rit adviuv ' to 
pj henco,' wpliijJ, * I think I can do most 
^iiod hero ; lliurvroit) kvrc 1 etnv.' IJo dous 
not appear to have na<l ihn ' Annliv^v ' till 
:>1 Juu. l7iQ (s^uin. I'O .Mtty 1768)'. ]Iu 
thought it ' fur Um d>-<!ip ' for tifi jrurpoM. 

On 1 1 Xov. 1 7:Mf Wi-alftj- first prenchitd at 
thn FoundcTy (11 long-digiised jjoTemment 
buildinirforoiLHCin|;bm#M»rdnftnoe))n Wind- 
mill llilHuow Tabernacle }>[re«t, Finsbuiy 
Sijuniv;), London, llu »rt«rwiirda bought 
the ruinoua siructuiv for ll-V., ^-puirad and 
onlar^rcd it, nnd for a ^iieratioii it wa* the 
hc-adqunrivrii of iDtiihudi«ta in Lnndon, till 
su|>en<«di!d by the opening (2 Nov. I7Trt) of 
ihi' (.'ily Komd clup^ <i*np.med nfl/r necon- 
straclion, IBfly). A litllo laN^r, n|ipar«nt]v 
24 Dec. irSO (cf. Jnurnat. nnd \Vmi,rrs 
Earnest Apjirtit, ITi'i), waa the ori^nation 
of tlie 'iinitt^d i»ocit-rv.' dpocliilly funnrd by 
WucWy htmsclf, consisting' Hm of t-ifrht or 
ten perktn^, who apvwi to meet evi-ry Thiir»- 
daycvwniug. From thwdattffl'WJ \V(i*lt;y 
MSimlly counts Ifae formaliiMi of thi- in«tl»> 
dist Kicivllcj', though Mitnt'ttmi!'< from tlii> 
ttxfonl >ocii'ly (l"2!>), which had Wn fwl- 
lon-vd by the Savannah wicietv (April 17?M() 
and by thwrt'ltcrLani'i'ociely{l(;tM wiiliitu 
offshools in HrUto! nnd i-KHwhvr".', W'—lfV* 
*cvi-nuic« from this la^t nrganii'atinn w<ia 
(Inetotbc ri»n in it of a. #]iinr of •inietifm, 
Opposed to owtward mcmi'-of rcUjfioiH iwl- 
vancH. III! wa* «xchi<l>^l fnwu rhe bVllcp 
Lane chaptd on 16Jnly IZJO.withdri-wfrom 
tb» society on -20 Jidr. aiid tmnefi-m-d Lis 
own .*ocioty to the F'oundery on 23 Jul)-, 
It w«f iici, bowMvtT, till Aupust 174-j that. 
liT luIvcrtiM'iupnl in thiif * Daily AdTi-rti*iT,' 
Hut Ion, tctiuK upon ZituBctndorr>i order, for- 
mally dLvUred tfint, tb« Momvtan* hail no- 
thing to do with Weslejr. Tlipy made fros'li 
ovwlures to him in tbu lollowing vear. 

Thus BBvered from his MorBi-inn fr^onAf, 
hf proCivdrd to dinsociate hinix^lf &ou Cal- 
vioigm by llw publication this «am^ year of 
bui'fn>«[,''*i'ce*s«rm'3ii(|)ri«ob«dat. Hri^'lol); 
hi! had drairrn lot» to delirriiiiiie whi!lh>T he 
should publish or not {Hamiwjs. iii. 1U!>). 
"W'hitctii'ld replied in a ' Li-iter,' nntti'ii nu 
S4I}«C L740,niid piiVdIdied in March 1711 
io ftpito of Uhark-* \\'i-«li>y'» remonstraiic«. 
Wesley would have be^n willing to Trorlc 
with Whitefitild, but not on terms of silence 
respwtiit; the point-t in di->^iiitc. ' 80 tliere 




- of 
the Webb CalViaiatic .MetLodiel*, founded 



(J73S) by Uawel Harris [q. v.] tW*»l«y »t- 

tiriidml tlM'ir confi'iwiice in January ]74^>-6), 
und thti 'C'finiiiaxion,' founded i^about i75ti) 
by d«lina lla'itin^^.coun^eM nf iluntini,'d(tn 
|i|. T.J We.^h■y nnd Whit'ihcld hciciimo por- 
Mjiially reconcded la I71i; io January 
1719 fiO they conducted service togirth^r. 
Whu«tield'.i funitral dvriuou. at bin own dti- 
dire, was prwachi^d by \\'e-.l.?y. Tin.. brtJich 
with ilur^oy did not occur till IT'i'i. Tlw 
oontrorerAy with Calvinifta wa» rf^umed, in 
A very acute form, owing I'j WosIeyV biting 
summary (March 1770) of the poailJoiiK of 
AufTUsI us Montapie TopJady [q. v. ], whu bud 
originally aidtd with him. Toplndy'i' ex- 
IretDH rinilenct; in n-piy raided W c>le\ tallar 
1771) fo leave him m thu hoods of Waitur 
SclioD ; but the moat powerful writinjf on 
^^'oiley'8 bide was in ihi- 'Cheeka to Anti- 
nomiatiism' (1771-5), by John William 
J''lelchi-r or dc la Fk-chure [<[. v.] Thit di*- 
puti- rii(^>d, with uiiMruble jimoiinlily, till 
Toplady's death, soma roonthfl before wliich 
W«>!.-y pj.tnbli»hL-.l (I Jun. I77(*) the ' Ai~ 
mioiao Ma^^azine ' aaan nr^n ot hi.'i t>'Achii>|:(. 
Mt>(t«rate Calvioietts EUchtuCbarleiSimtioil 
[i|. v.], nevpr had any quarrel with Wealey 1 
('rvKUHAK, iii. &10}. ' J 

8tandinf;cl«^rof Moravian and UaUinintic ' 
allies, Wi!6ley developed by dcgnvi! lh« <»r- 

f;ani«etion of hit own movement. Ilia &rst 
iiy pri-ai'her wa* Joseph Ilmnphrey.", in 
nas I WESLEr, H'orAf, iv. 47^), who Beceded 
(.Vpril J741) to the CalviniMic i-ide. Thw 
next was John Cenoick (I71fl-l7j-'i'], who 
1«1 (0 Jlarch 1740-1) ' tlw isn't nchium in 
mvthodiat btatory' (Ttuiuukx, i. 3-lIJ). Tbew 
failures naturally made Wesley cautjoua. 
Of Tbomis .Maxiiebl frf. Vfii) hrs writes to 
hi» brother Charle>« {-A April 1741) : ' I am 
not cleivr that Brother MuxB«ld «bouid nut 
expound at Qreyhound i^ane; uor c&u I h 
Vft do without' him.' Whiteh-^ (i. liOJ 
has a itory of We.*ley*s acting on his mother's 
jiidgToeiit in countt.-unndug' a lny*prfadii>r ; 
Moijfv (i. GOU) t^y> this woa JUaxlield, wha 
left We*ley (Ml :iH AprU 1763, Ird away by 
Ibo miUenary fauaticmm of (leorge Hell. 

1 11 fnmiintf by defjnws a etroii}; baud of 
miwionary preachers fmra the laity, Wmd'y 
was unconsciously working on tbo imon of] 
\'*rn»or I'owcll [<l.v.] nnd fioorge Fox 
(V.\il 1091) ^ij.v.j JJut his preachers were 
to be OLimmuuicants of tba Anglican church, 
and ihi-ir iireachiu;^ weru ubi 10 take the 
place of i^hurch iwcvicea, but Im ' like tlia 
sermons at the university ' {Mittuf/^, I"Gil). 
Wesley's own activity in thw iiinorsnC 
mininrry would he unexampled were it noK'J 
for the example of Fox. Tbo clBs»-m«etint 
began in Bristol (.16 Feb. l74l-^> wv \* 

t.'-X 



WesicB- 




;i tavaa* ■<< mHBf tun^ 1 ' 1 fMB*- a ' 
Til -twrtaam *■ t-amati date. Wsukia i 

aRtrml laii -vmnai. 

j T»f FW !tffwt i»--t ■'iigck>'»tli»iMiiiuiiwrti. 
■f rlv <««rmim: - -lainMr.' -vid Wini 
:ui :iiniimilKBiil» -nm^KHM*' ><A 

>^ .Inlv 17411. lluwntM ^nini 'u ti«r>" 
:ion : '» 'jad tTinnxM in Ljtciii iimL ETntfA 
.1 ■ti wt i w rw 't :iiiu>a :ai)i» ^•TwrTcr. -.rrdx. & 
iallirv Ttvt > TrrXMxs. :. >M:i) : lis oads la- 
'idirT'iicrliiM'Uit'^Aboutrhet'ZKetBHmrBd)^ 
iiiif iht nut ii i wi'i' wi tnth rfag mtter: iiiaiiMi 
■iiiiT»»i!tirr -^armoD Tnu>^0^ Auc I74t Flia 
■irhMT. tf Gnwnrrh. .'n rh» -^vamK ' >f H Ji 
l74^ ^h -n^flphHt M J>*iiii Soml^T-. ifas 
•mnu^. ■*xrliiil>4 Uia 3om rhe drnzeki 
<tkiutiiiff 'B 'tw fufavrs -ntsbaroBB'. ant i^w 
rh^ dwt -'f Vive Hidmars toUvwmi Ji -he- 
'•tun* '^rmiiwruH<f^i fkir 'bvTUticuni 'which, 
4^m W>'4it^''t r.nwprTHt* la ' weniitB it' vmt 
f^rm^tnein* ■.■oTu*mii>i» \iirh»^lju>.' ■•eeantt- 





.-hflwu n ~.,.<r.:.-r. i,' -J» MiV a V.-it 
■*rFn>r. T'lr'-. r "■"-■•* Ll.'ati. :i''7n»er;r L'-T»a.oii 
n^Tj^r:!!;- ■!■,■* v'\s '[:•• ;r-aiiii5:an"t*r« 't' 
:ti^Tli,-i';iiT v.-r"; ir "1:* Tvst 'nil "lil .7^''': 
•!).> tJi^t - A.:c. n -^TitTw • l-:eiii,*. 3t-r- 
m.-^n.-!*.^. :'irTii.>r! ^- \r.AJi '^ee Ui"i)D,.'^Arsa". 
[« il! »'« -hAt>>*:« n-Ti iriii Tvimi'a *ar inur: 
"h**- ■T.Ti' i.th^ -'t -tt-iV -ininnc. "▼'tliimr 
Tjan tf.'.-niTi-iii^rat-n". Tj** 3i*t ^serEii^ii^r 
f .- n t'l^vTii'." '^ ■ •.Tiv-'reahim " J."— S' .I'lHi* 
'.' t-l -T\* '.wA »r -iif F'lnricrT -ir -iw 
'X -ii-T-a. :'niir iflifT 'i^rj^nifn •iiir*' >I •bem 
lv*n*'?!'"'M' . in-i :"i"ir '.ar -irriiirhtT^. ii' wioni 
h'lt -irip. r^fin r>TTn<*j» ■ i- 177+'. :»*in«in«l 
(•.Mie*,»(ir '.1 m*"? liMi*rn. B^ 'hi* .nstininnn 
'\f •'i\n ".int'^i^ni**" WjsI^t ^TUviiiiiaTi^ his 

fliTJr/.'Tic."* ^•' ■.piniiin : rlin •hnice if rhoae 
iTiv>-"'1 'A '-^n "111 Mr ion ?*sf'i«i trirh him. and 



EVnr KiiBt tine locdSa^Qq 

ro iculM>uI7541.farhiftnpai 

txam. ic. ' that faMkaaa aadt. 

I lahaitn oltmmimimcaaA. cbc anpMlIr 

tha o(^«Ke iMWii of m& Ib to 
uow wctt k f eooHHBriHn- iSkr C-tfi o» 

mn decker '^.r.] tuhriM M t to a h w ia 
cnzsooi dOBOmt tv dHK of Goiqp Lanaf- 
nai 'q. r.T a liRia Imk) ha tnatt iD- 1 
iwaricit ^xdar aa MbHAHCa ts 

j w T w . Vt^» aad iMda i irji'AK.x&. 7S: diaiifaidei 

teoK '9 a Mount mL LL An ) His 'iwn 
rvic^raied .tccoum rraen hia t^han^ >f riev 
-CI -bn BihiiHice •! 'he ' [imicom ' i IriAM t 

vr ^wuTt J nil i niCThTct i^. v." i W-iria. sL 

■X-. nU. -^V. ±»K 
\V„e>ieT*iadpubiuCedLnl743his-TlMntefi» 

•n Mjixnaice ind Ct4IfaacT.' ^rriiv * p^ 
itmix '□ rlie lattw. His opinioD ww 
3iiHuned W 1 iiscusMon u tha coofrraice 

>t Jiinie 1.7'U*. T:umB ill En dba jbllmris^ 
AofTui iE 5t<wcaKi«-«ni-TTiBi. he vu 
muNti tor ^rmr tavs br Gcaca Xmswr. tbn 
in .:harzB if hi^ orpfam hmiae dten. t^aet 
■:>. l" Jan. 1715-W. <i 23 Feh. ISM", 

luisfaier It* potir pMwnot. Bobnt \-L 17-tOi 
:uut GraL'e Xurman. had mamed \ I^I 3Cit 

ir^ilf'i A>xand^ XusaT. a milor. drowned 
in 17-^ Weslev- mopoa cd Bartiaae co her. 
ami ifae did not iwae. ^ cook b9 with 
kitfi . m }ii» miiHiBiarT M ■■■■i» tlmmi rfi 
Y'iriishiic «nd E^fanhin. and li^ ia io 



ho ^>t<tin»r^ tn 'ini<.wrr^l*«l powitr -if .liree- Chi»hi» wtch ana itf his jiiiailii ii, Jolm 

ti'%1. T!-i<* ni'>''h'vt if r*.indii«vlnirhntiini>Mi by Beonet i 'i. it XaT 1730. sgcd 44). » whom 

ATiT«-i>r< M yi>>r:<*a HikI h«>n anricipUi^ in :he in s da? ar Cwd die en g aged ^— ^^ Hb«- 

(jmirxr '•rrani-'ni.'-.f \vhii-h appKKnrl? W^W las ismTinced her that tUi iiiyp^i im al wu 

k<\^rv ni-i^h^ndr: 'j-iAiri'r 'tiv.rriiA.uUaaht in nut binding. TTnh ■ in Apnl I7-M took 

f^f'Uy'* ' \ y-\nTj: r»p»lled him 1 1 74^ > by her to IieLud. ^Bflovnd her there i^ieli- 

ir-i lAflf.f iifi-tTn^nf^AnH iMailentmMtLoas: ^ooe wn^ and heiin haiiag Dahlia ia 

yot hft hvl r^i^rintoH M741 ) «xtneu ftnm JoIt becaae eonnaeccd to her Aere. She 

VfitcMj <->» pr44«MiiMtioD. Hue fine eon&x>- *— ™*^ cancifaadeMe vith BeaKC in » 



"Wesley 



309 



Wesley 



Ktoundloaa lit of jc&lousy About one MoUy 
FniDciH, aut) fur sotuo wcvks, vrhlla ac- 
company ina Wesley ou tiU joiinu'Vft, wna on 
wnl olTwini BvuntvL Wtsluy, leaVninetliis. 
iLiiii a.'uturi'cl by (lriic<t tlint itlip Invnl liim 
bpst, would nr-itliLT ^ive har up nor coascni 
to nn imm^Hlinlx inurriAp;. Oa 7 8«]>t. he 
wrotn Ui Ili'iiiii^t, clitiining Cine*; bs Hih own. 
I[« sent a copy of th* Itlter to Charles 
AVultfv, who at ouce inl«rf(.-i«d, collinf; in 
■lie Qiii tit \\'iiitelielil, who fteviiiK I0 haw 
Acted Aj^ainst liis own judj^mi'iit, as txtmas^ 
In \Vv*\vy. Ill Ihuir pniuuiicc Mrs. ilurmy 
<thnuKli "at IierretniBsl' ilia Dubilticmilnu;! 
with Wiwloy hud bt't'ii rcni'wed bcforo wit- 
tiMoMmuiiliOSi-pl.) whm lanrriinl to [tvniiK at 
St. Andrew's, Newcaalle, on S On. 174S>. 
Wftsh-y mtft litr pair iit l.updt^ on fl Ocl, : h» 
did nor ag^in neo. MriL IWiii>t tiil 17KfS, in 
cooipiiuy with Tletiry Monro (l75l-I(i4^) 
, q. V.', whn -wan \m- fnvoiirfiblv unpressttl by 
her [AJdit. MH. 7110, with VVeeitv'a auto- 
graph curroclioiu; print I'd in llodE i Sarra- 
tixie ofaRemarkahte Trun^ictwn m thf Earftf 
I.ifeufJtAn It'etiftf, 1844; I'nd ttdit., with 
l\vSTBR'i Iter!rK,l^ii: v/WtsfLZt .Juumal, 
1.225; MnoRK, li. 171 ; IIk.V.Nkt, Mrminrn u/ 
Mr». Grace hfnntt, 1S03). AW'sleya koeii 
j>iniirl iif Oi«appi»iiilnii*nt wat" «l»o ombudivd 
in versea, written on H (Jet., and firsi prirt^'d 
hy Moon? {tXw copy in Addil, 31S>. rilU lias 
four addrticitinl HtnniM). 

He recfivt'd Kympnihy fmm Vincent P«r- 
ronet [o.v.l, and it was Perronet who con- 
vinoed liim that ht- onjjht to murry. HhTitig 
reached this convielum on '1 Feb. 17'>0-I,he 
lost no time in actlDj; upon it. IIia choice 
waa Mary Vajt*tilli', a I«d\ •f.'ven yviirs hiit 
junior, orijitinally a domestic aervaiil, now 
(1)9 widow ur Aulhonv Vaiuilk' (</. 1747), a 
London tn«Tehniit, with 11 li>nmn> of 3,000/., 
iu hoir of wbicli flhe hml only a iifu int<>reft. 

Shtthail r()iiri'l]ildrcn,tlii.< v(tiiii|;i'«t (Noah) 
\mdtT (ive yi^rs nld. Charlfs Wesley had 
madi! IjtT acijitaintance through Edward 
I'erronet, and hml l»e«n her (^iL-«t; of ihn 
tnalch he 'never had the Iwut suspicion' 
<C. Weblbt, Jtm-nnly ii. 78). On 9 Fob. a 
tnarriiwQ aettlemcut wu uxccu(t.'d, s^-curinif 
Mni, \'a£eiUe*s propertv to b>T own exclusi ve 
uw. On Sunday. 10 ft-b., Wmsh-y i>pruinvd 
his anklu, ntid 'upHut LIih r«uiainder of Iht* 
wevk' under Mr?. Vasoilla'H roof in Thread- 
ne«dli^ -Strwt, ' partly in writing u Htd)rew 
gismznnr.' By -I .\[arch bo waa still unable 
to walk (he preached on bi» knew), but on 
18 or 19 Feb. hirwoa married to Mra.Vas>eillc 
i\X. is said, by Charlefl Uaanuig, vicar of 
Tlayeo, Middlesex ),hia brother Charles bving: 
'one of the la«l that heard of hi^ unhappy 
nuuriage ' (iifr. ii. 7UJ. Moore spealu of 



Mrs. WeBlev as * well qQ«lifi«d ' for her 
poiitioa: Bli* agiwtd that bcr huoband 
flhouid relax none of hJs labours, and for 
four years usually accompeniL-d him on bis 
jotirni-yn, t mvi-tljng with uim 011 hiM M>Cond 
risil to Hcotknd in Xl'^i. She wan tart uf 
Ifmptr, and W(-s!>>y'» wiiya werw trying. 
Conticiouft uf purity of intent, h«t t-orre- 
Mtonded with his women belpera with a fami- 
liarity which hia wilo dtuply ri-scnled. Tbio 
baa been Mt down to jealousy, but may be 
construed as reasonable di&truat of women 
whom she knew much betti.'i- than In;. Whvn 
\\'eslt?y made Sarah Ityao (1724-]7(jb) hut 
houttekei'per ut Kin^wuod, and conGded to 
her (wrilinfi a* hir ■ »iHiicti«iuilf brother') 
hie domestic sorrows, bis wife, finding Mrs- 
Ityaii pn.'siditi^ nt (Hj* tuvnclu'rs'diniiiK-liihte, 
referred to the fant of ncr havinj^ ' three hus- 
bands living '(of three different nationalitius) 
in ti-rm* wu-Iepint but «-xatft. Thu stTinwa 
breach be^n in ISepcember 17&o, when Mrs. 
Wesley optrm-d a pnck«t of Iiir huriband'A 
Iett«r», sent for dulivrry not thioiigh her, but 
through CbarJfa i'erronel. That she uited 
viulinre, dru|;gin(f hir husband by the liair, 
rei»tii oil Hatii|iM>ii'H testimony (lI*MP»o!f, ii, 
VSi \ TvKRM-vx, ii. 110). Charlta Wt-sk-y 

^•ror■-<l IL most iiipnectivpiutiTiiKMliiirv; Mr". 
rVealey was tealons for her liiuibuorra posi- 
tion, and contrast edluHlaWum with Chnrliv's 
(•nnipnnili*eeji«e( \VAT'M>X.p.*iltll). Wesley's 
leLterii to her am full of e^tcellent sense, but 
show B fatal failure of sympnthy. In his 
will of I7(W \\i.: niftdo ijtT hU roviduarr 
legatee. Hin well-kiiown ' non revocabo' 
(:23Jan. 1771), when sho lufl him for her 
marriv^l duuf^hler at Newi.'iictl'-, was not the 
end of their connection. In July 1772 she 
ntumi'di took part in hii> iniuiotii work, and 
did iKit liiially di-M-rt him till 1770. She is 
thun accused of publishiug g-arbled L'xlracla 
from hi» Icttiry to dauiagt! hiit rharacter 
(TvEKHAK, iii. 23.S). I'lie manuscript ac- 
count of I he Grare Murrav ■■pisoJ* ( me iil>OV« ) 
came through lier son 'Noah to Naphtaly 
Hart, who owned it iji 17S8, and bequeathed 
it (I82V> to thi; British Museum, nlie died 
oi) BUct. I7til,aud was buried in the church- 
yard of St, Giles, Camberwell; her tomh- 
ctuiio hut disappnarL-d, ihi.- widened roadway 
now |iiuiMesoverher)fravit. Ity herwill(dated 
4 Sept. 1779) she left AVfsluy 'mouniinej 
cold rin^, ill token that 1 di<! in luve ntid| 
friendship towarda him.' ITis last reference 
lo her (in a letter of 25 July M'^f^) \* not un- 
kindly. The children of her marrieil daughter 
are mentioned is his will as ' my dear graod- 
dauarhtcr*.' 

Ilia marriage iavoUcd the resignation 
(I June 1761} of his feUowahip; trom Uii 



L 



iioriety h<> never recvivi-d mora tbim 3U/. s 
yvnr wiJ ji»rl of h'm tnvi^Uinf; expenw* 
(Ttkbuas, ill. (115), but hie income from liis 
piibltcntioiis wn» by thin tinM* pftii«i(l<?rabl*, 
nnrl wru> nil s]wnT onunrpoien of rclifncaciid 
cbiinty. By tho mIh of cb<'«p b-mlt* and 
incta for ihc poojjle, ho »?» ( 17p5I ), ' I uii- 
awiin-s became ticb.' AA ben b« tbotigJit 
bimsc-ir dyin;? in 1753, itnd wnHe bin own 
epitaph, bo luadv a point of hu ' not lenvinf;, 
after bin df-bts are paid, ten pounds bohind 
bim.' To tbv ri>miiiiif!iiuiiurs of «xci«« in 
1776 lip n^vely n-tumed tbe amount of liii 
p1«l<> ha * two eilviT tvitspoons nt Londoti, 
■nd twii Kt. KriKEttl.' lliacluiritifji often «s- 
<^^(m1 1,000/. a ypor ^Tvkwun. iii. Olfi). 

J I is joumitl of tnis>i<>n*Ty tmvi-l would 
wrrc aHA ^iiidt'-honk tothp HTitish1ales,«nd 
iarepli>l« witb romantic tncidi^nt and )m,pbic 
pichirwof life Mid tnann^M. l-'orty-lwn rimM 
(from 1 7-17) he cro»9L>d t he Irirtb Sea ( tbe first 
Inftb coTiftTcncf •vron Im>I') at Limerick on 
14 Aufr. I7S2I. A miftniou tour in IloUaud 
vaa a rcerviLtion of hiii oigbtieth yenr. In 
Scntland, wbiHi litf con«iUiiiiJy vinItiMl (from 
17r>l ), liis rL<li)|[it)iis ajiurt from bia Ibeolojricat 
inltuiMm< wuH ^rrratLT than u pvneniHy ul- 
lowwl; ill 1772 In* r«iiiv«d ihn fn-udum of 
thu cily of Penb ^3fi April l and tho town of 
Arbnialb (O.May 1, Uowamn-vcrallitnpiiin tlii- 
Ulr of Man, and rpjoirwl tnfind tb^Tpneithfir 
papiHl nor di.isent»'r, but would havn mndu 
nn orid iif thi' Manx InnRUiiji**, Tlint bi- en- 
eounttfTcd nmcb rougli and pvf>n vi(de-nt 
inifV wM a consequence of bis determina- 
lion to renrh tbelowert stntum of tbppopii- 
Inlinn nnd compel a benrinK. (lie ^lerceplion 
tbnt his 'btnldinj; mntcrials' (Ttvruak, iii. 
Sift) wi-re lo bo found in tliu iie(;iet:t<Hj Ha$»ci< 
'wad jiiMitied by rt.'sultA. ltlor« baji been 
jnadu of faie (.'xvlusiun from eburdiM than 
H»> fact-1 warninl. .\.s the n-jd ntiture of Ivu 
loOTflmL'nt bi'came apparent, prrjiidice de- 
dinud (sOM tli« in«lrii('tivi.t Htnry rv^rdirif; 
Richard t>>rdeiix, of St. Saviour's, York, 
TvKlcMAiv, ii, 671), 

Hccliftr admirably d«<w!rib<>8 'WeslpT'-* aim 
•e 'laboarinEto brm^ all the world to solid, 
inward, vital rclifriou ' (Moobb, ii. 475), 
Throu^out. bi» work he wa« the educator 
and (be social n>former as well aa tbe evan- 
ff«lii<t. Hie brol her Charles anid of bim tltnt 
bewa« 'nnturnllyand liubitually a tiili)r,»nd 
would bp Ml to tbuendof tbecha'ptcr't (I Axr- 
•ox, iii.S7). H>' ft mild 'morv profit in e<rr- 
mons OR eii her f;ood ti-mpcn, or good workH, 
than in what arw TulRarly calli'd poflpel ser- 
mons' (Il'oi^*, xiii. 34). Hi.* 'ChriMian 
Libmry' (l"4y-65) in fifty bandy volumes 
('if anj^tU were to write book*, wo rimuld 
bavo very few Gtiioa,' jirminian Met/9un«, 




m-i 




1 781 , pref, ) gav« rhe crv«m or Mnglidi [ 
cal divinity. With amaxiii|r indmilry 
TVtsalilily b" pry(('l'fl bis fi-llnwvr* wili 
maiiuaU of historv, i!ivil luid nditiioii*, jibf- 
eics, medicine, philology (including 'tbe ban 
Kn(Hi*b ilictionsrr in t bi' trarld 'y,i 
Milton to euit ibeir capncitr. and < 
for tlinir nw ■ novfl, 'The Fnnl nf t 
( 1 706), I.T 1 1 cnrr Uriyili u ( 1 r 
(weanpcdoteinKvKiEirrr, H'/ 
11.83). ThcmarmgiM,drem,ditt. 
arningeumlsofhucDmmiiniiy '^ 
of bis constant TifnlsDCc, nil " 
of tb« poor, a ryett-m •<! 
*trupnlinr, eioriuon for (iri';:.-in-. 
lion of Sunuy oebools (in wltirb 
one of Iht) BrM. fbllowetr» of IC»bvr( fiaA 
[q. v.]K It mint bo awn«d that, with 
exo'iition of Tbomas TVrmi [n. r.], no 
rator bad a wnr?e 8yst<-m with childr 
they were neit her to ' play nor cry " (Ooi 
C^ri*titin Dfrflifmrntti, Ifi.V*, p.'l 10) : IHfl 
would not let them ev^n lon^h. \S'i 
treatise on modirini^, 'Primitive 
wa« publifbed in 1747, rekcbud its ti 
edition in 17^1, and it* tbirty^ixth in IE 
It contains dctinitiuns of dlAOKses f<^ll 
by pHswriptioti* for their ciirr, many of which 
sro taken from the writinsfi of Nydenlia^, 
Ilorer, Mead, Chi-yiu', I.iml, and Roerbaavr- 
Tiie only effirient remi'dy for o^ni^i chinchon* 
barli, u omitted ao 'ex'r«me]y dmagGKras.' 
wbilit onion*, groimd^"!, franktTu?«twe, yar- 
row, and cobwebs are prvvribod. Id lfae 
edition of l(K'>and I benc«>for^-nrd tliv W 
of electricity i^ r^ommoid^ in Mren) 
diseases, 

By 17KS Wealcy waa prafticaUy the Milr 
iltiieratiiitc clrrKyman, and tbi- nwd of elcn- 
eal provision for bis societte-s Ik*') 
BCulvly felt, llt^ lay pracben 
for (WpBrntion n<i early a« the coof 
1753. The celebrstiun of tbe euclwriH 
lav |>ri-H<-b'irii had aln'adr b>viin'at No 
wieh in 1760, while Wesfev ws.^ in IMar 
f»*i3 Wh«i.Br, CilAlit.Knl, I'^irlier than 
he raid to Cborbs (10 Oct. 1764 1 ■ M'o bat 
in effect ordained already,' oud ' watf incline 
To lay on hands' I'l'TSRMtx. ii. :.>0^). Ma 
Ueld, who quittod Wesley in 17tiS, 
Iwen ordained by William Uanianl \<\. r., 
1>ishop of Ikfry, * to iu9<i»t tliat ^ntA nai 
that he mnv not work liimM-lf to dwib' 
{Journal, '2^ .\pril 17()3). Ilia plane u 
^^''lrJlb1v'■ London ussiiitniit wm tskeD by 
John )kichArdsnn. « eurat<> fnim Suaaex 
In April 1764 Wwb/y projecied in 
union nf methodic clergy ; tbe Call 
held aloof, la and about NqvcoiImi 
WiHilfiy nbtainud ordination for sav«tal 
bii preachcn from & certain linsmnfl, I 



fgta 



' Arcsdia in Cri'to, of whose epiawpni cliii- 
ter ho bml ' kbuDdont unexn-ptionabk 
croditaluUi ' ( W«rht,x.4'i'2). Kru«musluiBW 
noEng1uh,ai){tbiscftudidat<L4knewno(ir«ok 
([LuinuX.iii. 188). It ianot st»tfdwlit;ihor 
KrtJimiut ortlainett tlieiii lo tin; nrifHlIiood ; 
it is oerlain that two of tlieto, Jolin Jon£« 
•nd Lftwrciico OjugMiin, nii U-Rvinfj Wiwli^y, 
triire wain ordainMl b^ the hii<1ion of I^n- 
don. Topladv nnd Ttonlnnd Hill (1744- 
1H33) [(|.v.]ttrtirmed tliftt WmIpj had iwlccd 
KrapmuB to consecrate him bisliop and been 
njfuMd, a efatiomffiit denied by WmIpj iii 
b"lh its iiarts tOtit^rif LetUr to Tuplailtf, 
1771, p. 50). MucIilu!«{aoSept. 178^Hi« 
writ^ ' mm mny cnll mo n knari; or a fool, 
u raMCul, a M-mnidrc!, ami I iim nmlt'iil ; bul 
tliey hIibU never, liy my r/imEenl, call me ft 
liiwiop ' (M\»kf, \\\\. (I). Vi't hu con- 
eidt^ned (^ June ITJ-O) thai hfi hnd ' as good 
R right t'l ordnin w to adinitiiflter the Lord's 
Slipper' ( H 'ort*, xii. 137). IlowotiT in 
Aueust 17H0 be made a second apjilication 
to fiohert Ixtwlh or Louth [a. v.j for th« 
ordinniiun of a pr<»i'lir-r for .\invricii, «nd 
was n--fuM.-d lM.-caiiM> the camltdute was uo 
cluaeieul Hchular. Two uf l^dy Huntinf;- 
tlon'aclerjty 1 WillnandTiiyloi), having bera 
proMcuteii for im?]»nlaritv. -'pceded from the 
Aiifflinui Hiiirfh, and iii-td ii public ordtnn* 
ticiii on 9 March 17i*;t. \S<-sliiy muai have 
struiigly felt ihi" prvMun; of thin <>xaniple. 

On iW r<-b. I7Ki hi- t'\.fut.'d the 'deed of 
driclaration,' which wa.H enrotWd In tln^ ruurr 
of chanctiry, nrd constituien the cliarter of 
A\>.-lRTnn mttlhodiem nnd ihe hi'pnninpnf 
il« mouern hi!>torT. \X* object wub to <>iL*ttle 
iho lines of the mjMhodift chapela (^oH in 
TiuinbiT) aAiT th<^ d*iit)i» xf Wevh-y nnd his 
brotliOT: end for Ihin piirposo to erente a 
I'-inil ' coufep-nct:,' limilint: its iniiaber lu a 
liiindred nrcarlii^rstM-l.-oli^d out of lUi*},Bntl 
lU'finin^ lis jiowiTs «nd pr^nedure. In this 
nii'iumn-, Wcxli'y's chiff ndvi^^r wan ThomiiB 
CoUefq.'v.j, whom he firBl m>'t in 1776; the 
liniilation nnrl »i-li'clinnt>f the 'I^ftal hundred ' 
wBii Wesley'" own act,flvi>rridineColHtViudg- 
meiit. CoKe wuh d*-stiiied, vitn Prancia Aw- 
ry [q. v.], to nrt lid joint siipt'rintendiiirdof 
mGlho<lii>tiiin America fuchap-1 had h'-t-n 
oprned in Xi'w York inl7ti7). At Itristol.on 
1 S.tpi . 1784,\Vf>It y in cunjunorion with Coko 
and .]&me« C'n-iRli(on,an An(tltc!nn cIi-rK> man 
>-8carleit,Xatii4M klI. ordained liif hard 
tVhatooat mid Thoitiait Van^y u* pn-nlntcrB 
for llio American miwion. On 2 Sf^t. 
(Tuk«, in prvscncQ of dvigbton nnd othcns, 
was ' Mt tpart as n AopiTlnrendent ' 
by th« tmpoeition of Wesley's bands 
(rt>riiflc«t« in llRRw'ft /,i/r of G>ke, Isl", 
p. W). Next Cbristnas, Cokti uid his 



op' 

IS 
an. 




condjolors exercised their ordaiuinpr power* 
on Asbiiry; Wealey severely rebnkedCoke'a 
ii«siimntionofth« title of bishop. On 1 Att^ 
17»fl Wesley **et apart' John I'awwhi, 
Tliomtu liiinbv, and Joeeph Taylor for 
K(N>tland. .\I the nmft-rcncfol' l7t^Joahi,ia 
Keighler and t'hatlt-s Almoo- were *aet 
apnrl.' lor Srotlaml, William Wamener for 
Antienn, and William Ilniamet for New- 
foundland. In 17tS7 live were ' si.'i apart,' 
In I78tt John Rarbcr and JoMjih Cownley 
were 'set apart 'in Ifkotlnnd ; and, a( the 
confereneo of that yenr, seven olbers,Alex- 
aiidur Miither bi'ing vet apart us a »npei^ 
■nteiideiit. On Anil Weiliif»day {'11 I'eb.) 
17Sft Wesley, with Cn'i;rbton and Pt^ard 
DickMiiMin, an Antfliran i-h-r^iiian (1769— 
1*02). set apart llenrr Mooro 0761-1&«) 
fi|. v.] and Tliomos flnnkin ns ptrshytvr*^ 
(c«Tlifjejile in SiiintV Lift- •■/ Mmrf, \f'W', 
p. Vi\). These were thu last ordained, ICn- 
titli^ toadminittrrAaornniint^hnil iranAmit 
lhisri|{ht,cliey were to exercie« it as Wesley's 
dfjiiitir*, within ii di-lined dphrrt of Inbonr. 
' Wliftlftver i* dcmi; in A mericii nnd Scotland,' 
wrote Weslev iu i7NJ, 'is no M-|iarnlion 
from Ihu church of Kngltind' [TyER)lA^, 
iii. 442), an arguiui^nt inapplitjible to the 
last threa caaes. Creighton nffirma that 
W«wl*ty rpjienh'd of his nclion (H*>tl'S'*X, 
ii. iJlii'; TrcKMAS, iii. 4-tl). lli^ sermon 
on 'the minisietiul oflice' (Cork, 4 Muy 1789) 
denim thnL ibc nnordained mny udinini«t(;r 
s&crnmontH. nnd wait re^arded^, somewhat 
unreasonnbly, as reeedinjt from litsi e«rlii*r 
position (mi" criTipi^m iti Mookk, ii. 3>'int> 
As early as 1760 niftho-lislsnt Norwich had 
tnken tJie benefit of the Toli'rotion .\t:t. On 
y Nov. 17S7 Wenley, iindtr If^nl advice, 
decided to lieeuBc all his chapels nnd travel- 
lin;; pn-uchcrs ' not as dis8i:nlen> but »iuiply 
" preachers of the gospel'" (Jtiuniol). 
Owning; tlint he 'varied' frum Ibe churdi 
(Cork -iirmon) hd would nevor allow tJiat 
ihis nmonnled to separation; ht> Inld etrties 
on the fact thnl. howan under nn f-eidi* ins Il- 
eal NnRnrf. Ilis ponition was not unlike that 
of Itichard Bn.'^t^•r f(|. v.], whose spirit hecon- 
trAStB (Jounutt, 1 May 17fil>) with the bitter- 
ness of Michaijah T-iwgood [a. v.] With few 
exreplions (e. g. Doddridge) lie Iiad no per- 
sonal rclatiauB with dinenter^, though be 
expre.^'es hip'h ailmirntion of the ejMtfid 
nonconrorinisls of 1(102, aa kuuwn to liim 
thnniifli Ncal. 

Weplev writes (2« June 1786), ■ I am bo- 
come, I know not how, an hnnmirahlti man.' 
His attitude (from 1775) towards the revolt 
of the American colonies (earliiT he had 
somewhat fnToiir«-jl their caii*>') contribiiled 
to his popututt;, and, fieverMl him f rom tJto 



Wesley 



3" 



Wesley 



^ 



' Jim writ. JabruvM. tW m^Beab 

' Tmiion BO Trraany' he eaba Jie d 

in bis owB 'A Cain Addnw to our Amwi- 
euiOaloBiea'ilTto. m>),wroigto>ipwihw 
Htiifkction <it fuTinc 'gmined soc^ • Miad 
wi jTMin' (6 Fflb. 17<6). On tit* ksm nb- 
iect WmIv; wU«d ' A CaIib Addrcx to ibe 
itiiuibtUitt* of KokIukI' 1)777) aad 'A 
HuioMAddran' <!"(}). la tliii eiMUMCtiaa 
it tboold ha nntad llwt be wu tli« MtrUeM 
t«-lJgiouft leader of the fiiM rank to join (be 

(irutvmt agKiiut fllttvprv- IIv Wl nn |)a>j>u- 
vilT bj hu pTDten <:fl Jui. 17i^) agutut 
tolrrntion of lEonun ntholin; tbw bnmi^ht 
him into eontTOYifnj with Arthnr O'Lnuy 
[q. V.J, wbom he met on frieadlT terau in 
li$7.' At thr •Mtni)^ time Iw denonncMl tke 
niHliievoiu fAly of ib« liub penal Uwi 
a^in*! liomAD cnlliolirA. 

AttfT ITh' h«T piiblUh<-<l tiotbtng except 
in lEut ' Arroiiiian llagaiiiur,' but tu the UaI 
cootinovd to tniYdl. He m nuJ to lurv 
|mrurh^ furij thuiikand wrmonii and Ira- 
velW ■J.Vl.Ui'K) mileo. Hu suiri-iBd from 
vari»ii« ailnx.'nt*, inclodini; hrrrditar^ ^ut 
(of which hi* mother dif^f), haH undergone 
a KuiXicvl opention ( 17~ll,nnd was atlarkvd 
bj dialw^t(?4 in 1781), Hiit litvt ^ntrr in hii 
•oeount-book it daU-d It! Julj I71K); his last 
M^nnon (at I^>atlMrrh<.-ad ) wim pn-iit'h'-d an 
•JSl'Vb, 17D1 J hii Iwt lelUTdowiiU-rfnrce) 
wa«iwritti*n the followiwa day. JohnWhit*- 
hoad (I74(l':'-I>^4] fq. v.] alt«>iid«l him from 
Ij^rnb.; lio di.'cliiiL-il fttrihvrmt;dicAl advice. 
(In L' March 1701 hi- dit-d ai Ihochnpcl-house 
in (*ity Uond. His b-Ay was visilct bv va^^t 
rF'>W[l>>, bcith at lh<! IwiiinH- and iH March) in 
thv I'bapid. At the rarly hour of fivu on thu 
nmriiinjf of {( .VInrch hi- wm buneil in a vnnll 
10 lht> rt-ur cif ihi* chnpi^t, Itichiirrhwn, hi.i 
Msiitani, r<.'adinff thp bmrial wTviri* <«uhiili. 
lutinfl; 'fmlii'i-* for 'Iwdthitr'}. Whiti^head 
inwnchi'il tli'- fiini^nil •cnnon. Tlie body wn* 
rrwoiliiicd itilt<^^. Iti(Ldditi{>ntothr:im'crib«d 
tomb, tburt> ia a uiurhh' tublijL within <hv 
oha|M'l,aiid tiMlahiu in front of tho buildinj^. 
or other moiimiicntiil nii'iuDrinlti thf in<ji<t 
notahlrt ix tli<; tnlilnt (l^i^U '^ \Vi>stuiinMlt-r 
Abhi-r with jinliln liknnessvs of Johu atid 
t'hatffXWt^U.y. lli»will(dnl.*d:i()F<-b,17S9; 
DOdirll '2i> I'l^h.))'* printfiilbT Whitehead and 
oUiur biu^rrnpht'rti. 

LilM all lh(« W«isl«'f4, he wa.n of short 
■Mnnt bi)) pormn woa ilim and his counte- 
BW frcth-trolourwd. His ese was ' the 
jhluHt and imMt piorcinic itiat can be 
iwiii'd' (JItiji'soN, iii. Ittj ), From onrly 
lifu hn worn hi^ (orifrinally aubiim) hnir in 
long I'lciks n'auhinjf to hiw .vhoulditm. For a 
atorv of th*! rrnppinfr of I'ia hair hv a riraffo 
aJL BavuJQiiah, scv ' QimtJuman's Un^naitie,' 



I 34: oa 



' 179?, L =4: oa tb» am 

, ervr von a wif . aee * AoCo* and 
, 38 [kw. 1847 ^ &19, 18 Jan. IHrK 
on Im TCTT oaMMocu Mvtraitit. smt 
and Qyeri^' I F«b IHOS p. U.Ki. 1 
Iitf& f. 300. lit- himself prttfe 
paiatiags hf J. Willunu (li41;< 
17-13) and hr lEomoey (1789; 
1790^. Tb>>aii'jQaI rortrail GaUnri 
hupMtraiE bv Nmthaiut-1 Haac(l7tkt)^1 
anolh>fr by \('illiaa lUmillua (1789); 
a mulilr baat.iif unkw^wn (latv. iaJani 
1774 he Ml fi>r hia offify in wax for )ln. 
I Wright's nmseutB in New Vork. NoUh-i 
nengirea a better idra of hia |>«rton than tb ' 
etcbug (I71W) by John Kay fl742 IfiM) 
[q. T.^ which ahuwi him wnlkini batvnui 
JtOM Hamilton. 3I.D. il'W-l?^), and 
JoMvb Cole (</. Ift*G). A v*ry imprawWa^ 
proGh- »k4.'trh, taki-n afti^r destb. waa en- 
graved in I7!ll. His puurlual habit* »a4'^ 
t!Ti>Q temper (piTO bin bappinMS in a lifej 
MTt^ivly luborioiu'. ' It wn* impnaaiblo lo b« , 
lon^ in hia rompaoy withnut ixmakin^ ht* ' 
hiUriiy' (ll«Mr*o:f, iii. 178). lie was a gooi 
swiniro<ir, in early life a ffn^t walkrr; oa' 
hoTVehack he read as he fooe, holding up ttii 
book to hi* 4'TM owing to n^ar »ight ; fiiii 
in Utw life did he take lo a cbtti»i.-. II*- carly^ 
Ivanied to slevp on th(> tloor. lu I74i' )u- VttJ 
ofTira, At MVuDty-oiif hi; tb'>ij{;ht pn-ncjujiir i 
at five in t beniuniin^ 'onoof thr luiji^ hcaflky i 
espfcisw in the world ; ' at st>vent%-M'vt<n 'i" j 
KCotnmini'!-.il fasting ou rridaye air arvJDedyj 
for nerrou'i disord<?rti. and atrirmt-d that Iia] 
bad not ' fL-lt lowntuutof spirits for one qiur-l 
ler of an hour' whcx* lie wa.<t b<]m ; ai eifchty- 1 
livf h'.< had ' never once lost a nightV Alecp.' I 
Of hen |)rrachiitt;thMn-arvinter«stiiii; uotiLVsj 
by Iloraci- Walpoli> (10 ttei. 17t!t>). whi»i 
tfiou^ht him 'tu> evidently an actor a* Gar- 
rick ; ' by Sir Wallirr Scott, who heard him 
in ) 7f<'2, and spraks of his senuou« as ' vavlly 
too colloi|uiaf,' but with ' many eixcvtli^nt 
»torie«; ' and by llunry L'rabb Itubiusan.' 
.'(J, v.], who draws an impresaive piclun* of' 
Lis iir4.-»chii]t[ at OoIehMtvr (Octuher 1790), 
hirld up ill the pulpit by two tnitiistera. In 
hiii ordinary eerricea fau mrelr preach^ 
nioro tlinn twttnty miniitrut, takint; his tett 
from the f^pel or epiatle for the day: hix 
mailer, aocordint; tu Henry Moore'« pet- 
aonal toAtimony, wa.^ vrry uui>qiial (unpuW 
I Usli&d luliec; II.iUPsoN, iii. ItiD). To hi* 
I coiivvrsnlional power* Johnson (who iniro- 
duci^d him to Uoitwell. tbiDkin^r'wortbTand 
relij^ioua in<>n should ha ac>)nainl«d ') man 
tCB^tiinonv, lanK'hlin^ that he waa * narer at 
luiHurr'.' lie Muidhimnelf,' though I am always 
in hiLsle.Iamnevnr in a hurry '( 10 Dec. 1 777 1, 
in this resvniUiiig t'rividley, with whom b« 



I 



Wesley 



313 



Wesley 



shared luatiy traits ofchftructer, liis corre- 
«pondflnci! IB womlprful fur terae cloarueaa, 
lig'htedbyironVffu.ll ofepigrara, often abrupt, 
rarely betraying any truce of sentiment. In 
ontrovvrav 1i^ was a consummate master of 
apt andl filing statement of acfide; aahenever 
wrote without conriction, he convinced 
others. lIutnpBfin says (iii. 160) ht offerbii 
his servicer to the government in answer to 
'Jiuiiua.;' if this is true, tlie goveniun?nt 
missed 11 powerFul ally. Controreray never 
soured Lim against ptT^ona ; he- rvjoictKl io 
receive the ■eoraraunion ( t70"J) with his oid 
adversary LavingtOTs; "William Uodd [q.v.], 
who Lnd bittt'riy njipustd btui, tumed at 
once to NVeijley in his diatn'ss; and hu nevur 
deserted a fiillen frie.nd (cf. Ilia rL^atioiis 
with We^tlpj Hall [i- v.], and the case nf 
"William Shtiiit, Tskemak, ili. '269'). Ilia 
prejudices were vivid rather ihnii Blrong, for 
Jiis mind ojtenud to facta with the utmost 
rcftdineas ; wlisin young, he vras ' sure of 
everythiiijj;," but >il a fvvj ytnirrt ' not linlf so 
ftureof most thing's' {ijOrttf'yjiJ/rti/oitrtf, 17ti6, 
p. 2ii). Ta claim hioi fur any one eccle- 
siostical jjarty is as futile aa the attt^mpt to 
fix (he ri;lif,''ion of Shahespeiire. Hu was 
continually bruakinj; bounds.. He had 'no 
douht' of thenalvation of Murciis Antoninus, 
whom hfc contrasts with 'noiiiInaH-'hriatianji' 
(J-i^aal, 1 1 Oct. 1 74b). Tliose who adopted 
John TByl'.vr's view yf original 3«n were 'silvup- 
tongite^i flatiebrists' (nA. 3S Aiij?. 174ft) ; yet 
Ilia {.'hallenge to Taylor (J\ July 175Q) is a 
fine Specimen of the Irnc temper of serious 
debate; nay, hr cnidd '^fiifrss" i'ela^iiis to be 
'a wise and a holv man' (7 July 17til : H'oi-A-ji, 
xu. '2iii), atid tie hud used exactly tha snme 
*!.tpn?Kaions of ServelLis (in a Ditioi/nr, 1741, 
mainly borrowed from Thnroas GriLnthani 
(](3S-l-16yil[fl.v.],buttbi9phraseia We^^Iey's 
own); in !7t|f6 he abridjfrdtlie life of Thomas 
i-'irmin [((. v.] tiir tb« 'Arminian Magaxint',' 
n'ilh a prefaeo allowing that an antitrini- 
tarian mi^ht be * truly pioua." Kia intense 
bihliciam ( hu called luniself 11 ' Bible bigot ') 
led him to write ' the g'ivina; up witchcraft 
is, in tiH'ect, giving np the llibk' ' {^Anninlnn 
Magazive, 17fii', p. liliO); bur, after reading 
(17ti9j Olanville'a '^:>ikducifl.mits Triuin- 
pbatiia^ (16!^1), he remark.s '' su|)posing' tho 
facts true, I wonder a man ofht'nse should 
attempt to account for them at all.' Yet he 
had hi^ heresies ; he was (quila disint^iri^st- 
edly) for niarriog'e -with a deceased wife's 
sister, and be believed in a future Ufa for the 
brute 4:reation, Great as methndiam ie, 43 a 
religious power, the perannul mflueniw of 
W«lcy is greater, and has afl'ected every 
section of English religion, 

Aa a ruligioua poet his repuC&lioa has 



paled beside that of Charles W eatey ; but 
ttllowioB forCharlet^ greater Fpontaneilyand 
(at his Mst) richer quality, it must not bo 
forgotten that hi.-* hymns were indebted to 
John Wealey'a editing Land. The latter's 
best hymns are tninclations from tbt- Ger- 
man (for his conspicuous merits as a trans- 
lator see Hatfield, John Wesfei/'s Traasia- 
tioTia (jf German Ilyiini/, Baltiuuor?, 189^). 
Weatey, by himself or with Charles, pub- 
lished belween 1737 aud J7>i6 twenty-three 
Collections of hrmns, Including compuSitiotiH 
by variou.-?. writers (for the biblio^upliy see 
Julias, DHiunan/ ff JSifmnulu'jy, 18.92),l/ 
Jlia pie(^iisareconEftiti«d in Osbom'n ' l*oetical 
AVorka of Jolui and Charlee Wei^ley,' ISGM- 
1873, 13 vols. ; but it is difHc-oIt to apportion 
in all cases the respectivtt work of the two 
brotherj*. 

Wesley's prose 'Works' were lirat col-^ 
lected by himself {Bristol, 1771-4, 'A'l vols. 
12mo]. Tlie edition used above is the 
eleventh {18u6-R2, 15 vols. 12mo), coniain- 
inp only the relipious writinps, edited by 
Tliomaa Jackson (]"m;}-187.^> [i]. v.], whoae 
lirdt edition i.t 18:29-31, 14 voEs". SvO. Tyer- 
mnn ^ives undi'r each year an annotated 
list of Wesley's publications ; ti> pursue the 
bibliopmphr nf reprints would be endless, 
{ireen's ' Bibiiogruphy' ( 1890} of the worka 
of John and Charles Wesk'yg'ivaw the fidles-t 
account of oripual editions. Wcsluy's 'Ser- 
mon.'*,' namberinfi: 141 (I7aft-17EK)1. and bis 
' Xotea on the New Testometit' (1754) ara 
of special importance, as Containing tho au- 
thorised standard of metliodist doiilrinu, 
Bp^ciGL-d lis ^uub in <;hapel di^ed^. llis copy 
of ^hakeapear^r the margin 'tilled withcriti- 
eftl not*9,' was destroyed by John Pawgon 
i\\'hltV.h}iX,AnKduteaoftht: Weaieifi, 1870, 
p. 310). 

[WsHley'e. public oni-i<pr is bast NtiidLml in his 
publiithuJ Jimmula (ostending frgm 1735 to 
IT^D) and his corre^pondencu, purlet of -wMch 
are collected in bis Worki (toIb. lii. liii.) 
timittiiig lirief pampli k<t<', the f rat biography is 
chu I<ifu(li01, 3 vuis.lLiy John I[ainpM)a|ij.v.], 
H pablicHtion rirn-cil by ]Uothe)dtnls wllh Ann' 
picion, lint critilaiaing Knme vnlunlile details. 
The Lira by Coke and Moore (cbicCly by tho 
latter)iriis issued by conforence in ITSli to fore- 
Bl»ll Whitehead, aod had the diwdvantftga of 
being drawn up without ai!(^CBB to 'Wcaleya 
papers. For thf dispute ioe MucitB, Hsyicy 
[1751=IM1). "WbiteliBtid'a Liff waa pmbliahed 
1791-3. 2 vols. T!i» lest proof of Jis worth is 
(he iron^tADt boiYnwing ttatn it by Moore in his 
nmendr'd Life, IS'M^5, 2 rok. !^Duthpj''i Life 
[1830, 2 vols.) hud not tba adv'antHgD of Moorca 
juldittoaB; It fifot brought hom« to the public 
mind a iiitinot tmnao of W^sloy's place in tha 
history of English religion. It shaald be read 



I 



with Uie AilJiliona (ISM) at Onlcridpfa Notcn. 
and FfiDHrts bjr Ali.-XBiider Knoi [cj. v.],-who 
kncv WcHlr/ £roiB iTBft. Tlia I.ifc (Itl31) by 
Ktchanl WittMn i»n gnnd (omprndinm, with ^omo 
Mw points. Sonthv/s wotI: left room for Lhe 
Taluiblo nionosrsphir. Wrsloy UMi UdhodwiB, 
by Jmac Taylor (i;A7-IMI.)) h. t.]. And John 
WtuJnjr wild ilifl Kran^otiicnl TC<mcti«ui of ibe 
Eijhloeotli Ccnmry (IfllO), by Julia Weiig- 
wtKid. LBkeTnmuin's Life aiid TiictM of XVetley 
{IS7U-1. 3 Toii.) in n c_Tclop*diii uf niett^nalK. 
drawn Irom publi.-ilicJ iiai uu;<uMi»bod Rourcm, 
tlirowiag neW light on ufatly twry phitM of 
"Worfey** (»«>«. Out of llio multiliKlc of Iridfcr 
biognphUw. Vr. J. JI. Kips'* The Living Wmley 
(187fl). lhe Memoir by Gtv«n(lBBn. and Ori-r- 
t4ii'sJnbnW<-iili>y{lSOI) m«nt upo-iitl ntlMilian. 
Krom ilifTcrrrt pniDtnof view, Ni(;hlitiBiile'« Por- 
tratiarvorMcthr4isn<l)*"7">i*<H'rliii'iWct>ley*« 
I*l«*in('hiirrh MtMnry (IR"0)ir.ll Ti-(irt_T rtody. 
i*wi alw M_vlr« » ChmLi-'lfuicul Hitlo'v of Mrllio- 
diAtK, l'l*9 : Steven*)! lliHiorr nl .Mrlliodiim, Li]. 
WiiUy, IM;i-A; Sl.:v.ii«m'ri'c:ily R.hmI Clmi«l. 
IS73; SrnTttoiiouV UeuKiriuls <if tbe Wmlay 
funilj-, 1570: FastiTs Alumni Oxun. I71A- 
1880. A i^omplde ivIWlioQ of VVenli-y's Cor- 
fwpandcnee ia tlill » dpsiil'-r^idim. Mnwva if hi* 
iDAiinKripu{Eoai« rvceutlvLTou^^Hit lo light) 'i^d 
in th« poa0«Mton of Oif WwIojaii niitharitirs. 
A Dttmlwr nf imriy diAriM «nd pai'ir* (hmxI by 
thii prnoct Wfit«r) wen acqiiirwl by lliu Utc 
J. J. Colmnn, etq.. M.l*., fr^m Williiim (inntly, 
«iMiilorof H'-nnt Mtmrf, Thr wilUof Aotliony 
V»ictl!« (ditfd 22 MmoIi 174-5 C) iLnd Mary 
W»li^y iinTi* nl»o bwii consulted. OthornHi.hon ■ 
tic* urn citiit *baT«.] A. G. 

WESLEY, SAMUKI. (IfWa^Ua.".), 
divine mid poet, falherof Ihp (jreni metlio- 
(JhI Ifftdcr. fti-rotid «on of John Wi-nli-v, wiw 
baptistMl ou 17 Dec. I'J^'iJ al Winlerliorn- 
Mliitcliiireh, Dorset. The fiimily tmme wiis 
originally !pi.-llt;d \\'p»tloy, ntid fiumucl so 
wrote Ilia nnmo in 1604. Hifl (rmndfftther, 
Kartbpl'jnn.'w VVpftlL'v ( 1505 ?-ltl70 i\ vrss 
tbi- Ihinl sou of Sir H<rrW-rl. WiJilhiv of 
WVttlcia'h, litvonsbire, by bin wifp KUuiWrli 
<]« WVllmlry of I>iingMi, co. M»>nth. 11" 
hdd ihf nwjiiwitPTed ivi^torifw of ("hftrninHrb 
{rroni ]fi4(i> HD.] fatherston (from 1650>. 
I)ArBt>E, from horb of which ho voa f}t-cted 
iti lOtIS, subseqiteollv prsclieing b« a p'^y* 
eietnt] ; ht- mnrmd {\ttu>) Anne, d&uglitvr 
of Sir iK-nry Collf y of ('urbiipy. co. KiWaw, 
und praiiddiuightorof Adiiio Loftiis (153a?'- 
ItiOo) [q. v.j, prinittte of In-laiid: tlio etory 
tkat 0)1 ^a St>|)t. l(!oI b«! ];»v<* ill fur milt ion 
intondci] to styriira llif (Mipture of CbarW IT, 
wliii fiBil iniig'nl ut Clinnnniilli uTtvT thi* 
battle of WnrccKter. sivnis outlietilir, in .ijiitfl 
of somv ditliciilty about iletaib (f«e autlion- 
tiw in TrKBHiN's-SWrnn// 'fVW<*j/, pp. ^m.: 
b1*o Mirnrulum bn*ilicon, H3(W, p. -19, by 
A[bnihjuii] J[ftiiiig»]j. His fetter, Johli 




"Wtslv (his own »pi*Uinjj>, Wcatlov. or Wet- 
ley (ltiMf-Ut78) of Ntw Inn Hull. Orft-rd 
(mutriculnted oii ?3 y\pnl ItJ&I, It.A. on 
:i.'( Jan. Uyj4-r,. M.A. oil 4 July ltw7>, wi- 
nnpolnicd to lbs vii-arage of Winlprborn- 
\\'liilcliurcb in Mny 16-58; the r^iwrt of bi* 
iiiti-rview in Ititil wilh (Jilljfrt Injiwidr tlw 
eldiT [q.v.l, bi^ tli[)ct^*n,abow(« bim to hv 
been an itniPiB-mb-wt ; licn*nj>iini>ri<v>unir 
not iiaingthi'Comtnonprayer-booK, pji-d'.-d 
1002, and died at I'lvslon, nosr Meynioiii 
in 11178. Hi* i-n^vwl portrait i» in 
'Mothodidt .Ma(nizine'llt<40>. lie married' 
daiightiTof JoLn Wliit^; 4lo74-l64>^)|>|, 
and nic-ce in wnno way of Tlioma* ruUw 
(iy<)8-l(W!) [q. T,], the ebuivli bi*t.inan. 
Wliilv marrifd d Kiswr of i'omi-IiiiK IIu 
or Biirgeiv" n- v.j \W»l(y'« ■■ldt--*i sun 
Timothy (A.l(r>rt»; a younjji-r son, Matlb 
Wwlcy, r\'inainvd a nonojoformitt, bo 
II I^oiidiin npoilipciiry, and di'-d on ID 4' 
1737. leaving a eoii, Matthew, iu India; 
providt^d for »omc of bis bnillicr riaroO^I 
dangbt«r& 

Satuiie) ^VMll■y, nrtvr jwsnin^r lU 
IV>rch<>.<Uor ^mniar acIiooI. iind<-r M<-ni 
Dolliiift, was E^nl bv lht> iud«pondt-ni 
be cdiicu«d for their niniftry wnd'-r Th' 
pliilinflalo [q. v.] lie rt-aclwd London oi 
f March |fi7t<,fibortIv«fterOuk''sd(.'ath,ani). 
iiflur alUiiUin;: utiutlivr itTuiuiuurM'liwI.ii^* 
nlaCTd (with uii (•xbibitiim of 'M\t.) iinili'i 
Udward Vtwl or Veal [q. v.] nl Si-pnt^^. 
Kerv lii> ri'inatned 8om« two vwho, prori-i 
inf^ t'l thfi ncfldcmy of Charli's Morton i Hi 
HftWl [q-v.] al Newiii(ftonOrei"n. n>-ing 
dnbbler in rbytnc and faction.' ho w-a» 
coura^d (but not by Kloctoii) in writi 
'lampoont both on church and >!tal«,' 
' {raa'juila ' ugaiuel Thouine I>oulittlt; [<i. T. 
h«ad of a ritnl (iirt'itbvtt.Tiaii) arademy 

AmonfT hifl forty or tifly fellow MiuV-itla 

Timothy l'ru.*o q. v.j, Dnnii'I Hefon [q. 
and John Shower [q. v." A *revi*n?na 
■worlhy pwoiij'hin relalire, who Ttsited 
at the aeadcmy, flrRt ptvn him 'nrfnim 
Btrninst (he diswntiuK schisin.' John ' 
(l«Ifi-16.SI) [q.v.*, bilievinff that d 
would soon be opcu to nonixiiiforintstii,wi 
him to study at a univeraiiy: be went os 
foot to visit Oxford. ultinuii.'Iy rnierin 
a servitor at Kxfter Cotlegi.* an Au^iut 1 
mutrictilating on 18 Nov. \Mi<\ (when 
Rp! i* wmnply givfn aH eig-hrw-n ), and 
dufttinji R.A. nn 19 June Id-J**. Whil 
(Kford hi- piibli«bi>rl aiioiivtnoiiely tbToasb 
•Tohn Dunton [n.T.] a volum*^ of tptm, ifc- 
dieated to hie old master, itolliojf, and vb- 
titled 'Mafigot^: or, I'lvma on Sovi 
Subjects, o«Ter before handled. B* 
Scbollu' (1685, ll'oQO; Lb« &ontitpiec« 




'Sifl 
I™ 



L 




Wesley 



315 



Wesley 



a caricml urw rortroit of the stitlmrt ; lie iilw 
contributed verws to ' Strenie N(it*litite 
Aculomin Oxoniciuois ' {.IttK8, ro1.)iDbunour 
of tb« birtb of the lVt«?nJer. 

"W'ealey's conformity vas probahlf in- 
flofluoiid br Li« aduiimtiuu of Tillot^cu, to 
wboM inomorv lie sub^^q ii4>atK' [H^iiiii'd an 
elfgy. It is cti'ar alsa tbut be wii^ ropclled 
by thf liiiKt cif tb(> piilittcnl diiutfiitiT, mid 
found Oxford society inort> con^f^niHl thnnlui 
expected. Hi' »«» cinliiinwl di'HCin WTlnv 
inu Sprni [q.v.jot limralevtm 7 Aiip, IlWS; 
priwt, by Ilenry Comptitn (Iti32-I7l3) 
fq. v.], nt St. Andrew**, Ui>lb»ni, on i4 Vch. 
iB69--U0. Afti>r Mrviujia curacy, ftnd ncting 
m» cbflplnin to a mniHof-wur, ht; obtniii^ii it 
eunev in London of 30/. a vt'nT.nndmnrniMl 
(aboii'i KSK)} Suiianna (A. ^0 Jan. lt«;9-70; 
d. 2S July 1742), yuiingi-i<t ibnighttr of 
Samuel Ann<^#Ii-v i|. v.1, wbo biul iiln'nily 
abandoned her father's noncDnfonnily, Hnd 
'biid rcMoned Iier«>'lf inCo SsHMninnii^ni, from 
wbichhcrhiisbnndwrliiiiiiiMlher'fSiirTHKT). 
Ilis wife's pmnill'uclii'i' wns John Wliite 
(15901(1461 [11, v.l. tlift r^nriirinior. I^^^ 
sister, Kitzalieth {d. '2^ M&y l*Jt)7). was the 
fint wife of John Ihinton. 

pn i-> Jfiav 1090 Wi^ley wo* int^liiiitcd 
M tbii reclory of Soulli (Jniisby, Liucoln- 
nhlrp. in th«.' jmlronn^L' of tho Hiu'sing'bi-Td 
fauilv, worl li ^lO/. n yrar, wilb n ' luciiii cof, ' 
for residrni^' (bia first entry in Ibe pnrtsli 
n^ieter ia Aated 2tt An?, ll^). lie aeeiFttid 
l>iinl'9nirir'int)»(^tit));tbi!'Atbt:>niftn<lnxeIt«' 
(17 Motch mn to U June UK>7l: \\w 
articlvit of nirreemnnt bi-lwrpti Wp^Ii-t, Iti- 
cbnnl Sauh [q. v.], and Dunton, a^•^ dalod 
10 April 1091 ; tbe niiinerousniniiwers to the 
ibeolwical nnd kindred nriMtion* are pro- 
bably Wenlov's. Miieli oibfr literary work 
-was done byliim at Omi«bv. Jolin.sKeRipld 
(q. T.;, Ilion Maniiii< of Noriuunby, who liuil 
made bim bis chapJnin, proposed him for an 
IrUh bi»lio[i''>'-' i" ^*^'-'*^ (JilBCK, Tiltiilton, 
1763, p. '-Mi'; Tillotiiiim ^^inlln ibi- nnnie 
WaE«leyl. In the =Rine tphf bn wus jncop- 
pOtal«d Sf.A. nt Ciinilirwlpp. He W8» om- 
jmlled to rp.iipi Ornisby owin|j to Iiw n^ftinal 
to allow the x\t\i* of the nii«tr»»H of Jnnf'n 
SaundcfMin (nfterwardi* Kiirl of Castlelon), 
wbo rented a Louse in tbe parisb. 

In IW5(FogTEB) Wwhiey bwMitne rrelorof 
Cnworth, l.ii)c>ln«bin.-, it crown living wortb 
WOi. a year, lie was already 150/. iti debt, 
n fiici uuiitly accountt-d for by bis (rrowir[j 
family, and by hi* baving to (-nntributx Id 
hU motber'a support. Bv 1700 his in- 
dabttyiiKiH bad rwiclied !)(Mi/., [iwrtly owiwr 
to losAfiii in fanning operations, for wbit^h be 
■was nnfiUed. Several friends, includiof; 
Gilbert Itiirnet [q.v.],b«lpMlbiiiii and John 



L 



Sbarp(lftlft^l71-l)[q.T.]. archbishop of York, 
offered to ftpjily to tbe IloUie of Lords for a 
brief in hi* birbnlf This WwUvy declinf<d, 
tbouf^i bi^ life was hencerortb a coutinuouM 
Btniuplf with pfcuniarydirtit'ullies. In IG97 
his barii hnd fall<-n: in July 1702 bi!^n.-clwy 
was burned; in I7ttl n fin- di-strnvfil all hi« 
llax: in J iini> I7t>o \ifi wusi mpri^onoa furdebt in 
Liciiviln CiiKllr, niid lav there tu-vi'nil in<intluij'| 
in Kt'bruary I70S-D bis rebuilt rectory wa*.! 
Iiiiroed down witli nit it* rontents (jimontf | 
tlif*o was the parit^b rt-gi*ier, the io«b « 
which has left uiicensinty about the births 
of i»ome of hi» childrenl. Ho continued 
10 ply his pi>ii, ))uhlinhtnjf both in verse and 
proM-. Ill 1701 he wiis Krat eWted to eon- 
vocation v.it ]ir>K-tur f'T tbe Lincoln ditHfB'-'j 
in 1710 he was ™^l«?ctei), and guve regular 
BttRndunce so Ian;; ds ciinvocaiion waa 
alloweal to imnHAct bu»in>.'«*. .\ utorr to 
the effi-rt that he stayed away from tiom# 
'fora tni'lu-monlh' prior lo (be dencti of 
William IK bt^cauw hiit wifis r^-futwi to any 
'iiinen' lo the mayur for that sovereign, 
thouf^'b Toiii'hed for by bt« son John, i* (rift- 
proved by Tyeruian on tbe evidence of his 
own b'tlera. He otl'ered bin services in 1705, 
without n!.'>uU, a" a inLssiuiiury to India, 
i^hinti.aiid AbyMinia. In the Mime year h« 
publi^bi-tl u po^'tnon the bat tie of Itlenlieini, 
whieh Mnrlnorotrc'h itcknowledgi'd hy bi-- 
stowing on bim the chapiainey of (Viioni!! 
LopellN ri'pimont, but be was not allowed lo 
bold it lotiir, ['•■rlin|i)i becatisu the regiravnt 
WBfi ordered sbmad. 

An far buck a« 1690, afVir nttendinc 
meeting of thf Cnlveit HendClnhin l.raaeii*) 
hall Street, Wesley had written an aceount 
of the inner lifn nf noncnnformirt ncadcmies, 
in the jiuip".- of a letter iniendv^I for ICoberl 
Clavel 'q. r.]. but Apparently not sent lo hint , 
by \Vej«fey nnd nut inenut lo bo publi&bed. 
Willioiit Wesley's kuowledgB or conw^tif^ 
Clavel at lenclh publi^bed the document, 
nnonvoiiiUHlv, an 'A l.**tti"r from n tJunntry 
Divine in his Friend in London, concerning 
ihe Kiliication of liiwwnler* in theirl'rivat« 
Aradeinics . . . offcrid tnthernnsidenttion 
of the CJroinl I 'ommitiee of Parliament for 
Religion' (1708, -Ito). A cotitrorersr fol- 



litwW with ^aimud Palmrr ('/. 1724) fq.T.l 
Wesley's' llefenee'(1704)a»d'i;pi.ly'(I>O7) 
wure in hid own niimc. Tbu ' llcply ' was 
rei-iawl bv William Walie'q. v.], then bishopi 
of Lincoln. There ta no doubt that Weelcy 
liitit blol« in t!ni conlt-mporarv noneonfor* < 
mifit trainiup nnd teinp(>r. in London pfpeci- 
ally. The enmity of diasenterv is said ibut 
thin IA doubtful) to hari' deprived bimcifhia 
ri^imental ebapUincy, and disappointed his 
hopes of II ]ireDend. According to his son 



Job 



oha, WenW wrote the meecli tlelirend «l 
In iri&l (Y MttTvli I'db-lO) W Unry 
KacWviirn-H fq. v. J During; hu UMnoo at 
thi» lime in Loadon bis wife supplied dc&- 
c(i?nci*» of Inman, liis cumt*. 1j_t rmiling 
pnrcn And a wmiun on Sunday evtfDiDX at 
tbv rvciury to li«r fftmily and Lnro hoDOivd 
of till' iitrii^libount. 

Toward* tin? clnso of \7lti the Ejiwoith 
rcci'irjr wa» thc^ seme of noiM-a and dtttur- 
baiio-s, lading till tbvvnil of March 1717, 
Biid aitiipoaed Ui have a preternatural orifnn. 
'Ilie uxgunt, frum family maiiu.<cnplK which 
had cimK inio puMM-anionuf Kamti-IUadoock 
[ij, r.], wa^ finn published in 17DI bv JuH^ph 
IMeMlrj ij.r/, who aM-KliKDr it an 'iicrhann 
lh«^ brat auth(-micAte4), and the best told 
ptnrjr of the kind, thnt in anjwhiTv axtant.' 
J-'mm I7*2a (Kcwtkk; and Weiiley'a own 
Hlaluinent) Wosley h«ld in addition to Ep- 
wonh ihu Hmall nsrtor)- o( Wroot, fire 
miles distaiii; herw l>e ioiu«time8 n-aided, 
but Ihe addition to bin income was incon- 
^idvrahlt;. lla niu ncciisud, and hj hit 
brcitbt-r Miilclifw.itfUjc i-couoiny: bis reply 
1 17<{| ) fiirnittb<.-s a mlnnlv biKton' of \n» 
aflnini, which provva tliat be had doii« bis 

besi. 

Hid ]at<T yrtRTi wot<» oinph>}i<d upon an 
CKhaiiAtivc work nn Job; hi.i tirMcoIlectiona 
for J: W(T« deftttoyeii in ihi- firv "f 170H. 
(ioiil ntid pnlfiv (■<inip<*llr'ii hitn to employ 
rnnaniicrL'^'i*. WnprMmb fur printing wen 
itmued ui 17^9. I'oj'e wrot* (1730) to tn- 
tcrevt Swin iiii)iiti>iil>M?Tipiionli8T,RngaKing 
that 'you wilt approve his prose morv than 
voii formerly «oiild Wm poetry.' The pub- 
liivliorL WB* pottlhiiiuOus, ' IlikM^rtntionea in 
Libruu Jobi ( 1736, fol,, but most copies 
havir iii-w titl^pug'.', and duiL' 17UU>, wiib 
jHirtniit of tlie auiiicT (in fantailic df^ss, 
■»d bt'iiriui; ii »ci'ptrei, Pfvurul platv^. and a 
tledirnlioii to IJiii'i'ii (.'uniliuH. John Weslcr 
pre&BntwIacfipy loihe queen, who reioarkeUf 
' Jt is vi-ry pri'tlilv bniind,' 

On -1 Junu 17itl Wt'tlt'v vas disabled by 
beinir thmwH from n wumfon, und never rv- 
eovi-red hu slrcnKtli. litt dii-d nl Kpworlh 
on 'J'> April 171(1), mid was buried in the 

Ichurchynrd. The iiirtcription on his ti>mt>- 
■toni- wiis renvu'L'd liil9. and again 1H7:J, 
wboii the lonib was rebuilt. TvLTiiian has 
ri'produivd hi*> puttniit, cnicmvud by J. H. 
Ibikiir, Inim ibit fniiiLi-jiiece to * Jub,' en- 
graved by V'tTtiif; the porlrait-fmntispioco 
(O ' Mii^K"'" ' wiMi rvprodiici-il (tH2] } by 
Thnniftfl llndd tht; younger [q. v.] From 
bim hi* iion^ iiilK^rited their small Ktature. 
lliH widnw 1VILS biin«(l (1 AiijT. 1742) in 
Ilimhill I'iehU; apwiicalspiuph by Charles 
Wi>*U'y iinplit'g tlmt his motlHT hwd not 



f 




kaowv trae religMa befiice We __ 

ymti bor gimncUMw wm im e wJ is IflBtr 
a tnarbli! maamBetit to hia n^'nrr j wv 
«netad (Oeconber li^O) in front « Ckj 
Road Chapel (for lur pcirtrvit, tm» AsA* 
mid Qumtt, 3nl aer. tu. 1 18>. Of bJaitiw- 
ta«a cbildrt^n the following rarriwd ib- 
fiuicT : I. Samocl. whn ts mtieed hekw. 
.;. Emilia O^llTTOf^ mrnzned Bah«l 
U&rfcrrijDalEer apotbccaTynt BpwT»iti; t«A 
early • widow withoui i^ne. 3. ^umoiu 
(l(»5~)7ftl>,inarTied.l721. ICidiartI KUimm 
i«l. 1700>, a Buut of goud Mt«t«, from whom 
fihr aeparaiird; bad two aona and lwo<' 
ten ; the dcarendaole of tm* daiijfln«rB i 
younger ton haw bmn traoed. i, 
11606-17^11, married. t73». John Vt] 
I Ijamb, Inter known as Wbitelamh (Ii 
I 17iWl, lnT fathi-r'ft curate, and dird in chi 
I bed. f>.MthetabeliHW7-175lMnarriod.l7: _ 
1 Willinni Wriphl.a tendon pliirnlier, of li>*^ 
habit.i: noneof lu-rchildrvDsurti>vditifiuic7; 
ber poetie»l gift wnsremarkablr; her pn«ces, 
aome of thcui printed in various magatitM* 
and in the live* of ber hnilbens have nfwt 
biH-n collected, tt. Anne (6. 170:^). mjirrinl, 
l?:^'"', John I.Binbrri, land iiurtrTor at 
' worth, bad iasoe, and was living in K 
7- J"hu,whoi«eepanitrIvnf»tic«'d, ft, Ms 
I (I7W--I791 ). niarTirtl,l7;t.\ WVaiIct Hi 
fq. T.j; of her lea childrvn nine 
infancy: llall was a pupil of John 
at Lincoln Collegv. Oxford; he folic 
! melhodiftt movement for a time, but i 
■ ally ti>ok to erratic ooar«e« in religion 
I pTHciice, iDclodini; a more ihan theoretical 
adoption of polygAroy; Mr<. Ilajl was a 
friviid ut l>r. Jobuton, who ofli.>n.-d bcr s 
home nt Boll Court. ». CharUs, who l» 
ei-panitt'Lyiioticvd. 10. Kc-zinh (1710-1741 
died unmarried ; she hftd be^n i-itf;agrd 
We^lUyllall. All tUodau^'hterBof SattB 
\Vi-)ilfv uliowed |in-at ability and 
hif^hly educated : three of (bem werv 
ujif'irt iinnti- m llmir funrriacc*. 

\Vi\'<leyV pitblicniions, additiotuil to 
, above-nieiitiotipd, were (in verse J : 1. '' 
I.ifp of our Hlj'*«(.'d l^rd and Savionr Jr 
Chrisu an Heroic I'oem. . . . Ten 
liiti-'l, foLipUtt-s: dedication lol^uevnMs 
with new* tillif-pafce, Itl&t, fol.: rfivi 
edition 1(11*7, fol.: abridged edition 18 
, 2 vols. 12mo, by Thomas Coku [q. r.l; 
poeiD in Hnid to buve brouKbt \ve»Vey 
Epworth preferment, 3. * Elecias . . , oa 
thodimthur. . . Mary Quaenuf England . ■ - 
on tli>> diMith of . . . John [Til1oi«on], \tt 
Archbishop of Canterbury,' lt{tt5,fol. 3."Aii 
EpiHtle to ft Eriend concerning I'oetry,* 17IW 
fol. ; Wesley criticcsw Euglisb poeiv, etj^ 
cially frum ibi) point of vivw of r«ltgioci aiid 






mornlx ; he ndmin-s Rlackniom, ftH ' biff iriUl 
Virpil's manly ihnuKbt.' 4. 'The, itifitorv 
of tbu Old sud New Te*(«nicrf, nttumpteU 
in Vmwi,' 1"(>1, 3 vols. ]i?iiio; engravings 
by John StiirL [q.v.1; dedicated to Qll>^c^ 
Anna: 2nd edit. 1?17, 12mo, li. 'Marl- 
borough, or the Fare ot' Kiironc,' 1705, fnl. 
i'o>it humous was tt. ' Etipotis's llymn Ui the 
VkMot' find (iiihlivhvd io lli« 'Anninian 
Mapitire,' 177**; the mnnuscript is partly 
in tbo hund uf his dutii;L[f;r, Munulaht,'!; ihiw 
tirciiiiKHince, miil tlw wipwriontvot' I hi? |ioeni 
toWei^ler'fl ochLTvcrae, eufrg&st joint author- 
ship; Jolin Wesley always claune"! tht> whole 
for hii) father. 

Also (iuprow) 7. 'Swmon . . .p'fr.xciv. 
16] liefori> thr Soci'-ty tor thy lt.»(i>rmBtton 
of ilannera,' 169**, Svo; noiewortliy as ex- 
ibiling Lin Hympathy with effort.s<^f kiiidml 
;ypo to ibo!* of ihe early ini>ih<K!i»[ societiss. 
i. 'The I'ioui ('ommuuicant Ki);htly Pro- 
jMirod, , . . Willi Prayvn aud IlymnB . . . 
KddcJ n Nhurt I)i»couni« of IlnptisuQ,' 1700, 
iL'mo; appemded ie ^A Lcttvr concerning 
th«i Itfhi^u.iuft HociM ii-ii.' Johii Wesk-y's 
'TrttatiBo on Rftptistn,' dated II Nov. 17oii, 
18 an iinaeknowlfdjpdJ reprint of hl« iWlher's 
'Short l)i.*couri»^,'ftlighlly reloiicheJ. Pna- 
ihumous was Q. 'A I^IUjr to a Ciirattt,' 
](3o. 8to; a very able snmmflry of clerical 
duties and studiea. Wealey aUo compiled ' 
for Uunton 'The Voimg Student^ l.ibrarj-,' 
1B9U, fol. ; worlcmanlikL' synopsw of eiglitV- 
niiie works in divinity, biatory, and scienc*?. 
Wosley's verso will not lift him hijfh 
amunjf po«t» (hv was pilloried in the first 
edition of the ' Uanciail,' 1728, i. U5), nnr 
baa luB 'Job' given biin hit) vxpcL'ted rank 
iimung scholars. Iht wa.i iin abli-, huay,and 
bonnet man, with tnuclt impuUivv enor^, 
easilT "ilMconrlniiid; hix fnnii' tHthnl of ht-ing 
the father nf .Inhn nnd Cbarlen Wesley. 

Samckl Wtat.Kr thi? yoiingi-r ilfWll- 
173&), poer. ^Iden child of the above, was 
Iwm in SDitaliield* on lU Feh. IttW-l. U is 
aaid that ne could nut speak till hn win more 
tbati four, nnd iLeii b>:i^an with iiiteltiKible 
aenleocea, but tbt fitorv is not very crodiblc : 
tior is ibt} Elorv (Armm. Maif. v. 547) of the 
mulberry on {ii» unch, whii;b every spring 
was ' email and white,' and then tumed 
(trevn, red, purple, hm it grew in aii.-. He 
*-ntj>Ted Westminrter school in 171>1| under 
Kicbard Busby [q, v.l, and was elecl«d 
king^A jtcHolftr in 1707. Ili^ lient was for 
classic!!; he thoueht it an irksome brvak in 
bis studies wh<-nSprni, dean of Westminster, 
as well as bisbop of Itocbester, who had 
ordained bis father, took bim out t.0 Bromley 
and used hit! scrviei^ as a reader. As a 
Westminster student he entered Christ 



Church, Oxford, matriculating on 9 June 
1711 [when his age is wrongly );iven as 
eifhlepjiV His h-lti-r (I! Jiinf 171."!) (o 
Kflbert Nelson ^^ij. v.l hIiowh intelligent study 
of th« pmlili-iii of thn Tgimtian Enistli^. 
He p'aauaied R.A. in I'lTi, and M.A. in 
1718, find becBme bend ushvr in Westuiinster 
school { his appoint ment sccins to have dated 
from 17 ly), and took orders, on the ad»iceof 
I'rnncijfi Alterhury^q.v.], wholiad succeeded 
Sprat in b<:ith otlict**. Ilim nttuchiUL'Ut lo 
Atterhury, with whom he corresponded in 
hiH exile, aud iu wbusv cauM? hu wrote GercH 
rpiuntms on Sir Itoljert Walpoltf [o, v.], was 
tliM real ground for refusing him the piisf of 
under* milliter at Wciittninstvr, though the 
rea«>n a&aignecl was his marria^^ To thti 
education of hiit hrolben*, ' both before and 
aifico they entered the university,' be contri- 
buted ' gTL'nt sum«,' and was ' very libfral to 
his pan-ntAand *i»iTer»" [letter ofbis father, 
28 I'eb. 17*3). He waa active in promotini; 
(t71tt) the first infirmary at VWst lainslnr, 
nyw St. (Icorgc's Honpital, Hyde Park 
(Jurner (.Vo^r* rtnd Qurriea, 4tli m-r. lu. Sttii). 
In 17-'«J i,KosiEB) ho accepted the otter of 
the ii]iititi<ribi)i of Tirertnn (frammar school, 
Devonshire, fdUiided by Peter Dhindell fq.T.] 
Ho tifver liflil Mtiy cure ; his father in 
Fehriiary 173.'i wna anxioiiA to n.-*i;ru Ep- 
wonb in his favour, but he declined the 

f>ropnwil. With bis brolhera John and 
Hiarlos, while in Georgia, he corresponded 
in full "VmpHthy (be was intervitl^Hl in ibe 
pnvtTN'CIs iif fbi.* colony, and his muse had 
propnesied its future greatness; be woa 
probably the 'Rcr. Samuel Wesley' who aa 
early as 17^1 ftave donations to the Oqor^ 
misBion. including* ' a pewter chalice and 
paten,' Stevessok, p. 254); the opening of 
ibeir subsoDjuenteareer he vii-wihI wit b si ron(f 
disfavour us thti bueinning of scliinm, and he 
rwmoimlmtrd with hijt mot heron her counte- 
nance of 'u spreading delii/tion;' theraemhers 
of the family wrote frsnklv to each other, 
and Samuel did not snare tiis sarcofim ; but. 
there wag no broach oi g;ood feeling. Atter- 
bury'i< pjtironngf, und his own vein of satire 
aud hiiranroTis verse, made Wualev known 
in London litcrarv circles. Edwaril liarley, 
second earl of Oxford ((j. v.], writ&s (7 Aug. 
17;U) that he di>e« not ' Know one sir capable* 
of annotating Hudibma. Pope obrained sub> 
seriber* for Wenlov" volume of verse, ' l*oems 
on several Ocraaiona,' 173tS, 4to; onlai^d 
edition 1743,4lo; aUo Cambridge 171^,l;^mo 
(with prefiT.'(l 'Account of the Author'); 
reprinted 1^08 and ]&6tf. Uesides humoroiu 
pieces, this contains several hymns of great 
Dcauty; five of thru am included in thu 
present Wtateyan hymn-book. A previous 




\\"esley 



318 



Wesley 



MLOOynKiii^ publtcKltAn, * Tli« Sanif of t])« 
Three CltiUivtu' 1724. b by Wealpy, nnd 
akny of Lm piite* vet-n" publUhnd irpAraMT 
('Ncckor Notljinif.' 17Irt,f«vo; 'The JiallW 
oIth«f''-x— .' 17:^1; • The Pnrnh i'riwt.' I73l'; 
'Tba Ubrifi(i«n Pwi," I7.'l-i: 'The I'ij:, and 
Tlw MMliff,* '73-'>) or cwntribm^-d to mn^- 
xtOM- LikL< hLi brother Joliii. .SaiduvI vm 
nMr->ighl4^, Kud his li<-ullh IwJ never be«n 
Ipnd. Fix di'td flU[lil>:'iily nt 'i'irerton tn 
It Nor. 1730, and irsa burH-d in tliu church- 
yard. |]ii pcrrtnut bk.*b(.-i<nt-iignit«d. lie 
marnod a daughter of John llerry iri. 1730), 
viearof Wstton, XorMh, nnd Wl -w\-<^r»l 
childmn, who dirA in infuiirr (a tnnunriKl 
Uhlet to four of llivoi was pliicpd in IS-'Q) 
in tbM fouth eldialvr of WWtniitiMer .\b)M'y), 
uid ft djiuffhti-r, vUo married Karl«, apnlfae- 
rnry in lUmi-t3}il«-. From her foinil_v a 
quantity of \Vm1l7's paper* pamd mto 
lladcQck'* bandx. 

(TynrmAii'* Life fliwITinMnf the RfT.^tntMl 
Wwl.'y, Midti, a CHrefnl •(wiy. (;'T'1"R niiin y of 
WmUy's I'IIitv; ■ume Qtb<>r» *n in Ty^nitno'i 
Jiitin Wwli-v. IBTfl; WiHyi*n Athraw Oion. ed. 
Blim, ir, aiis ; Wtx<d'> FaMi. «<J. lUin. ii. 40S ; 
CalamT'i Acwuiii, 1713.p.28'>) Oi>> amy's Old • 
timatfoa, I7?7. ". 429-S7; Pri«iley'» OriRinal 
f.*U«rB by Uio !U'V.-lulii)Wralpy mnd ha FricndN, 
Ijfll : Live* of John WmUiy, mpeciallv IFamp- 
•na'a. Whtieh^iMra. and >[norc'i> : CUrVc'* Me- 
noiraof the VVpal^y r.imilT, iS22 ■ IMto'ii Itlo* 

KphiM] Hitory of iho W(*Uy Family, Ifi33 ; 
,!■■. pHthcin. of tbo WMl<-y I'amily. llWi2; 
Lomlon Qiian«r!y Hmiiw, April 1884 ("The 
Anr-wttry nf tho WmUth'!; Bsliqunrr. Junoary 
Ihfls, p- 188 {WMtley Podigrce by MArk Sobla. 
vrilb bitinjc I'omtnpnt); Stereiison'a McnonitU 
of iha Wcalcy Family. 1878 (rhiHi hpw in- 
fonniiltoa): Kirk's Mwhwof lh« WeMnyB, IS76: 
Fiwti^r'o Alumni Oxon. 160(1-1714 ; Juliiut's 
Dictionary of Uyninpli>gy. 1892.1 A. O. 

WESLEY, SAMUEL (I"fiO-lP37), 
BHisiciiin, son of GbarliM ^^'««Iey ( 17(t7 17t*8> 
[([. v,\ tholiTtnn-writur, waa bom at Uristol 
on 'M Veh.'nati. lie sltovcd rvmarktblo 
jBii»icnl Rif^a from bit mrlicut childbood, 
and, ulihouf^h noT, m pmnounced a nrod!^ 
M hie bn>llK'rChHrles Wwl-yil'-'.-'lftai') 
fq. v.], he far ontnhonc him in niH^ioiiin.<ih!p 
jn ftlu^r yODr«. ilia father recofds: 'He 
■was Miveni fu-jr and 6vfi jt*n old when 
\w (Pit hold of the oratorio of "Saoieon," 
anil l>v thill, ahtnu Im Isujf hi biinaelf to read, 
. . , The flira of iTiia oratorio] ** Rutli " 
[Addit. MS. 34iW] K- mrnl« hvtate he waa 
8i<( ycArsold, Icid tWni np in liis memnTy 
till ho waa eight, and then wrolo thorn 
down.' lie attm£t<*(l tlio ntl<>nlion of Dr. 
William Jtoycc- 'q. v.j, who aaid to Ibe boj'a 
I liear'you have an English 





Mourt ill rour hoawt.* U«inM 
{Mivfilitnif. 17S1, [>p. 391 -3) girea 
afcount uf ibf rvouirkAhle preoooty rf 
SauKii^l nud hia Ii ' "' arles. 

Wealey W'a> » ' n| iwpil of Xhni 

Wtlliama, or^ma. tn .-(. Janitv'-. !' ' 
in which rhun^, at llif o)^ of «- 
(Weal«>y'l pUyul a paaliu<tun«. 11- <"■■ 
otiidiwd ilio TKjIin unil^r Ilfan, Kiup-biin. 
and Wilfaelm ('raraT [q.v.' : h« waa, k->v- 
pcer, moatly aelf-taiiKhtianJ thpr.ii);huai iu 
Itfi^ Uf doca not lu.-vm ti> tiAvr rccrixol nnr 
inAtrwction in iho theory of luusic. & 
showed a kpct-ial pivililcciion r)r itj- ■•r;sn 

About 1771 bijfathiir ivnitH 
don, and occiitiiod a hoii<>e iu 
Sin-it, MaryliiUoiiL*. Ilvro. in il^ - -.i it 
nusiixXMim which n[>p*ivnllr C'H.' ir, *■'■' 
OTCioe, tlw hrothpra Wpnli-r n™ i. - t-i^- 
tiutHicript ion ruun-riK durtitj* :i 
yean (Iwnaainp in 1771)1, whi.t, .. 
Ntt«nd«d oy many members of !'.■ 1 : 
A tranaeripc of tl»e Auhacrii' r-' ■,■.. 
gruDDiescn thtfconwcts, li^t : c •'■r-',.^: •:. 
exp^n*!*?, parmcRti. to rv'rfurtin:*, A.c. l. cju- 
laiiied in Additional )l.S. ;i.Vll7. 

yVboiit ITJ^l AW-sIry tMH.-ttm^ a Ilonun 
catholic, to the (rricf and rouMf^nutioa A 
hia father an Wi'U aa of hi>i inicV, i^isa 
Wi'iJoy. Hfl compoacHl a mn^ t Addit. MA 
.1o(K)0) dated at ttie fnd 'May i2, KKi; 
ivhtch ha dedi«att'd and m'lit to l*iua VL 
Tho popo ueknowk'd^^ iL(> nvi-ifi! ..f'lff 
manuAcript in a Liitin Itttlvr aiM 
Hutnably) to the li«r. Dr. Tallr i 
cliir.'f n-iirti^eiitati^T of (h^ vaticAii %ik UtU 
c-mntry {Kale* and Qufrif*'.fith i^r.iv. 117, 
liK!, ^51). A »*rit*» of eiT !'■ ' 

"WwJoy to Mia* Frrornau ShppL._ 

5innlsofwhich are in theNaiKniul .Vrcliit", 
'aris) throws further lij^lit upon the Ko^nao 
cntJiolic pni'xl of his Itf'; (transmf? m 
Addit. MS. aoOKJ; s*e al*^ Titom.- .K. t- 
aoK** Lift of Htv. Char In Wefle^, 1 Sli, 11. 
3Ji7 ei wsq., and L'/e n/ Adam Clnrkf, l-i-t!. 
ii. i331, for rvforencPB to Misa Frfi»nuin i^hf^ 
bt-rxl). In UtiT life Wi-hImv ri'pudijili-d iSa 
Itoman catholiriflm of liiii oiirly 'IwM'.ati'J \t 
ifl staled to have returned to th<>' fn'lh ofbii 
fnthor." He »aid: *Th/! cnickcr^ of tho 
Vatican an; no loo^rtaheo for thi- thuadf^ 
b'>Its of hcari>n : for exoorumunical lun I car* 
not three straws.' 

tn 1787, at tbaaffe of lweiitj>onf,W«al<3r 
mil with an accid«iit «lteii paa^ing aloaf 
8»ow Hill on«* vrtuiing. TTo f«ll Into * 
d<«p excaVQiinn, with MnAft|i. .. "m 

atTovtod his brain for the r\'innii> >s 

life. To this eamt! aw to be nKrioni. 1 i!ie 
vrrstic and eccvntric habits Sor which he 
became nmarkabW. He rvfuacd to ut: ' 




af trapinninv, and far mtcd 
T»»Tfi enftenfi from dfV|>onaviiry mit! nervaita 
iiTiul)iIity ; i,'V<'n hin favourite pursuit of 
mus>v tiuij to be alrandoued. 

'Ilic RTi-Al <-vcut of Wc*l*?y'» lift- wft* Ills 
Tit^nrouit |in>pa^AnUu of iIh workv of Joliit 
Si-l>:i»tiiin lUch in tliin country, uiiti which 
bU niuiiu will ttvvr Ik- axvocialcd. Il wnit 
■bout IS()0 tlial Wfwley iH-^nia lii^ i'iithu>i- 
a«tic nruNKltf in fuvuur of the tftvtil Ijoipiij; 
cant'T. Durirg |.<-0H mill 1^09 tif itHdrcHtfi] 
ft puritia of rJntmrtcristic li-ilprs on tbo aub- I 
jt'i't I*) lV>njainin Jncub [ij, v. ,, thun organist ' 
(if Surrev I'hnjM'l. Thaai; ieH'-rs, ^ttivl by ' 
his dnup^ter, Elixii AVcel'^y, were publishei] ' 
in Ih<7.'i. TW »rigiiinU, bounj up with pro* . 
I. ■ituiii's of orfMiu [H.-rforuiance» ui Sqrri-T . 
I liiL, ■ I, an< pr^M-rVfl in (li'.« libi'nry of tlie 
U'>\iil f\'lU-(ivof M"«i(r, Wi-nley al^> iiUyiH) 
IWIi'd vifilin fttiksias m. a-iino of .fnt.-ob'i» 
rtrRrtn iiiTformance* at Surrey Chnpol, and 
(Im-w liiiii<H.'lf into iliv vtiMtv of "Tin? Jlan,' , 
tx6 Ik? slyk'd Ilorb. wifU t-xtraordiiuiry cn> > 
llin»iu9tu. Id 1810-lJ Iio ii^j^U'-J. in con- 
jiimlioii ivilUKHrl I'Vinlnrti Homi^wciinilpr 
1 loiux, I 'lUULLs EwwAKuJ, the lirat Knalisli 
i-'liliiin tif BftcbV ■ I>ft« w^ililtampiTirlt) < 'In- 
vior ' (iM^^aaeriesof articleson 'jficliV.Mmiip 
in Kiigbinil' by F. O. Kdwnrd*. Mueicnl 
Timt^f, Si*pt4fmli''r-I>i'c>'mb«-r I?l>6). 

In iv^rard lo tin* pmcticil part of biapro* 
f<iy«iaiuiJ life WcAlty frfquvnily k>cttii«d on 
mubic ut llii< Koval In»litutiuu uud ubo* 
wbfro. Tho ^arlii^t known lUie of tlifs* 
li'L'iua-s is 181 1 ( AJdit. MSS. SGOH-T.). Ho 
wax ditto a t«.irb<-r of mu;<ic, .tii'l ir^ive IVe* 
oii^nt conccTtA. al. one of wliii;li (Hanoi-er 
Siiiiiiri' iioonii. 19 Mny 181(1) !iis iino motet 
'In Kxitu Israi'l" wa.* p>*rfornn-cl for lbulir»t 
limr. In Is! 1 tie conjuclwd tlie Jtlrmiug- 
bam mUMcal ftt^ttval. and wns in great nv 
i]iie»t. for otyan performanw in dilffrent 
piiru of tliL' conntTj'. Up beicame an as^iv 
tialt'oflln! I'billiannonirSijcit^lyin l^l-l.anJ 
■un-i n iiit>ni)>L>r from ISlo to iM|7. In 131U 
W(M>^luy HulfiTfJ n rvliipM.' of h'lA old nmlody, 
and wai> roiupi-lh^ l<i iilvindon Ibv ttxomiw 
of biftiirDfesxinn until l>«l'^,wb«>n hen>etimed 
bin unlinarv pnixiifji until l(-30- 

tn \>fH firt was aptioirti:^) organist of Cam- 
dim C'iapi'l(nowSt.^l«pb«m'9 parish cburcb), 
I'amdi'n Town; but Ii.: wiis un unsnccr-ssfol 
candidate for tL« poi(5 of orftanist of tlie 
F'HindliDj: in im^and ofHl. Oix»r|ipV. Hano- 
ver Sijuare, in 1^2 (. At t]xv Foiuidlin^ John 
ImntTftfl, an amat«<nr, was elected tbroURlt 
iIlte^'Mt. of Jiudi Hat^ '^<\. t.J, wbicb 
m\i \\\-fAa<j to (winpoHi- bia hiinKiniiio »»ntr 
tblulivd auonymoufily > 'Tho Orpan laid 
tn, or tbt' Iriir Ktop dincortirMl.' Ua« of 
tJuest ]tabl)c appearances waa at a coa- 




eeft of the Swrwl HartDooie Society, Bxaler 
FUll, 7 Aug. 1834, wWii Im accompaniBd 
the Rntbi.<in, ' All ^o unto ntio uhc-«-,' wlitch 
tio bad eouipotivd upon \\w doiitb of bia 
brotbiT CharW. Thi* last liroe br t:i-»fr left 
his bou£» waii nn V> Si-pt. IKJT, when to bia 
pruat delight IjM brorxl AlMnIt'Iiuobn (Iben 
ujied IS} pi-rfoTiii ujioQ ibe orjinn in Cbri»l; 
Church, Nt'WfpiiK Stn-ct, and wb«Q he 
I'Wenlvy) WiiB aUdn prcvaib-rl upon to per- 
luru. Jltt diinl II tnontb afu-rwar>Ig, 11 Oct. 
1 Air.at Ii^lin^tonjund in buried in ihecburcb- 
yard of Hid .St, MarjloWiie cinireh, in thv 
Rami' grava in wbk-b tbi; rvmnimi of bia 
flit birr, mot btr, and other n«ar ri'htl ivua bod 
bei^n (ji-jMviitrd. 

On 5 .\pril i7fl;i he inarri'-'d Charlotte 
I.otii«), dnii(;bt<-r of Captain Martin uf Kon- 
ainetou, nbo burviwd him ; (\\e dim! ii Fub. 
1 ."Mo, ar.d is biici^l in Hich^ali! cumvXcrv. 
Of thi'ir three chiId^'n Cliarln* Wi'.U't, H-D., 
was ftubdiran 'jf tht; Chnpi-l Itoyiit. Samuel 
Wesley stibscquently (alKmt I WiSl)' formed a 
ItaiS'.jii w-iih unt' :riirah Hulcr, br whom be 
bad flevt-ml (.'liihtron, of whom Samuel 
SL-baKiian Wttk-y 'h, %■.] wo^ tbc cUlcst son, 
and a daii^btiT I-.lua We*ley, orifanivl of 
^t. Margiuvt Pnllun^, dii-d unmarried in 
ltin.V 

We^h-y wa.* not only n vety di3iin;:uinln:il 
mtuicuin. bt^fore be wa* twonty-oni; be had 
bceom*' a good clasaieul iM:li<iliir, ntid h*" auc- 
cewtfully uullivatod a ta^te for liltirature. 
lie biid ffmarkabli- ciinv»ir*,'ilioiial powers; 
ho was a man of kee^ and brilliant wit, and 
an ent»^ainin^I»itt»ir-wriier, IliscIinnicIiT 
lias bt'en aumt-'whai: CAustic/ilIy summarised 
by Mnt. Vtnci'ul. Xofello, tbu wife of ono <^ 
hia mn^t intiitiati^ friend?, in tbc following 
wor.U: • I knew liim[\Vf*ley] uufortunaltly 
too wt-ll. I'ioua ratliolic, ravine arbcikl. ; 
mad, rimaonabW; drunk and sow'r. The 
dread (if all wives and regular familirs. .*V 
warm friend, a bitter fou! a auiirictil talker; 
ft fiatlwrer at limeN of ibu^e be cyaicoljy 
traduojd ai othera; a blAaphom^r at times, 
a purling ra^tbodist at othera ' iAddit. MS. 

\Ve*ley wr^ the Rreoteat oqg:ajii*t of his 
day, and unrivalb:-(l ns an extemp-sram-ouH 

Sierformer on the iDDirumoDt. Do Quincey 
lesignated him ' the great fuiutn-i/ani iwr- 
formt-r on the orpan.' JJ^woft al^ a prolific 
compa^>r, iliou^jli much of bi* mu:>ic i» now 
out of date, ilia tine Ijtin motets, • Dixit 
Domtnua,' 'Exullale Deo," and especially 
'In. Eiitu litrncl.' poaseia a airong viultly, 
and tboso work^ alonr nrp sutltcieiit to place 
biiu on the roll of illudtriou» EnglisU cot»- 
poaera. 
A fuU-length oil paiotln^of \^^ealey at the 



Wcstcy 



3" 



"Itrgtt. iiv JtilmR'iiw I I.RJt-.iiitntiui SuodftT 
if bis Mn, Mr. Etmbus Wodejr. r>— ' — 
Jils, pustittl by Jnlin 



AVesTey 

Tbi MpBMM O? II 



rnmt in 'Jils, pustittl by John - tiw«ttlUiB*0 L4Nd,o<r Gnw- 

t . in Ir'^ U m tb« pnwf— inn i.. . , .._- resMricibl? -i^-- . ^ 
^pLfw, tba IleT. J<jbn Jack- i rrimi Jtisfln^ iBtonn ' ct wtdi 



of f.; 

•an, : . „ - ilrnnghtxm. 

aulnb: 1. )(tnfttaleauufl<Cttn|anwii.ibr 
VQlMi voir. i. Sut Lklio iootRt& 3. Morn- 
{wand BwauwSsntiee tB F, fttrcbeCbnrch 

nEaij^nML "Hm lnia« qoutttry of musw 

ID man mrript ini-luifa aBvei>laom»,Bin<Hr»t ' orsuust ol !^. Gtlea*! TTinnifc. Pawhfiail 



lliBliuq^'a band, wiu^ :... .v;i«md at tb» 
tnu. wm on duty* (.«•»*» i^»rf, » Ok 
l9a3\ The kinf^ pnauited (to bnr witfc ■ 
^old mtcfa. Wt^lnv wB-t vpvoittBal'aBBHK 
wf 8r. JuDBs'ii duprrl. FTampiriwil B««l, !■ 

3S0I!>. e xf ). On Id J«a. 18>J» ba 



bar eootpUu sytaf hmim, cfana ovanimi. 
algvan organ enoeama, ami miuic CatVtnatpt. 
A, laip ewneerimi </ WatUy't nnne, 
JaCtan^ and Tannm otlwr aMtt«r nlatbK ta 
; ia fttmmd in tb« Bntuli 3laamin in 
> AddiL MSS. 1 17:!& (I«Ct«n te Viscnt No- 
VrlUi: 14.'«I>-.'U1 <.«i»pi)aitinD.H>; 17731 

I triopaphy): 31217, 

- '''■* (dtaaia, Ae.); 
■T3. portrait. A*. >; 
nt»; 34060 (mgan 
vciii:r liMty-:WMfJ!T ( maoj voluDeH 

nfl.- -it-V}iu, d-xumpots, Jke^ he- 

rn WiNtWl. Effvrtua 
, :rtlL* tjiealm-tunea) ( 

[In ulilitifin to antbuhiiu tinoAf ated, 
0. J. ?it«Ti-tuaa'>i W«*I<>7 FMnilir. 1S7V ; Mamea] 
WorH. 211 IW.. 3 aniL 21 Sov. 18.37; l?roT*'« 



[& the woe wtr, probably ga tha dntb ^ 
R^njunia Joi.'ob \. r.\ Iw wu appiiiiriMl tn 
.<!. J.ihn'it I'huTcla. WstiirU>» KiMd. L.i»- 
bvcfa : and is 1^30^ a: : - - ^^ tbn cmr- 

luniiiaafur Sahii^ w). Ueva&r&t 

he hwiwt wmuug c>imni<t uf Hatnatoa 
pariA chnrch. Tb» ilntiM at St. Jnta^ 
wen diaebw^ depocrvup br kia btbr; 
but aa tb«m wo^ complaint ' made ahoat 
S. S. Waaler* bdldini; tlin*> bo«I4 at the 
«UEw time, lie raigagil that of St. JotutX 

<*n 10 JbIt IKSS WmIfv ww appoiatal 
oTf^viuat of IJ<!re£}rd CathnJral in suecMMoa 
to Jnhn CUrli^Wliitfeld .«« Wormul 
He bgfma dot t >.Tn il Xor., wbm he T ^iT Tf l 
Cbe organ af\<!r lEii r^nuvmtion by Biahrw; to 
masterlTantban.* IV' Wild^troM^' wwin ill 

rilMbilitT first bprfirmed on that nnaooa 
feoc-noce on the cnmmt (blio aditicn of 
tbeworkstatislbaiit -nil ' mmpninrT f a itin 



832 



Oietiomrv «rf Momb aixl aC«-t«i»B*, ir. 149 ; m>p«niii« rrf & oUhadnl ocnn. 1831 ' 

Waalor Baanar. Saptmbar. Ottobac ud So- il,ij „ dontakw a lapma ealami fcv * ] 83 

w b er, 1861 ; raaeaedinga nf Jlnaical Aa ao c i a - - - — . . _ 

tina,Maataa u. ISN-I, p. lU [papae oa Saaaal 

WWl^ t? JaBsa ^^9); An Attawat vt the 

rmmmAuMo MuiwU Talents of apTrnl MMnban 

of tba Wa«]«r Famirj . . . b; W. Wiotvra, 

1S7« : Nutal fltaaAud. « Dee. IS90, p. 4*3: 

Matbod^ Raeocdcr, 38 Oet . (p. 840) aad 1 1 XoT. 

1897, b1«o 18 Fab. I8W; print* inforawtioa. 

Imm of WaalaT'a eoapoaitiatu will be foond ia 

nrDT«'« DietioBUT of JIaaic aad MnnieiaBii. ir. 




In the foUowia; month ( Id l>rc. l$-'t2,.4 
MS. 3&019, f. XV t be cent in bi« • W 
neaa'tB mtnp'!titirm lor th« Qmbam 
(London) — a gold m«dal valiw fire gwmitf, 
giTcn annually far Mua lladceU for the Wm 
oompoflition in omreh raoMe — but withoot 
socceee. 'It is a cltfver thh»,' wrote Bi- 
chard John Samui^l Stervna ^. t.'l, one of 
tb.> adjudicators, * b«t not cat£«draf 



_. . . _ ijwa 

44U; Moaical itforU, 1 Kor. 1887 ; Lattars , *The WildemcM' inu pfrfonned with (V- 



leAvriiifto the Warhaof J. SL Bacb.bT'SaiBiwl 
Wralsy. Mlil«d \ij his daiwhur Din Wcalojr 
(I87«). pp. Uataaq.; Addit. US. 17731.1 

K. O. E. 
WESLEY, SAMUEF. SEBASTIAN 
( 1H10-Ili(78),cacipos«r and orfpniot. natuiml 
•on of Samuel WeaVeT (1766-1837) % v.T, 
the musician, by Sarah Suter, was bom in 
Loodoo on 14 Atif^. li^lO. !!'> wax nam^ 
Sebastian afu-r John Sebastian Bocb, big 
falhnr's idoL At the a^e of nim- be became 
one of the children of the Cliapel itojral, St. 
Janusa's. In that canacilT he waa one of 
two nr lliTM BpeeiaUy selMted boja who 



cheatral acconpaninwnt at th» Ilirminfffaant 
Unakal Featiral of 18o-_> under tbe coa- 
Doacr^ coadactorsbip. Another of WcnW* 
latnona antbetna, ' Bleswd ba the God aad 
Father,' waa compoaed while he was st 
Hereford. The etale of the choir at that 
time may b« o«timated bt ihr follon-iiwuta 
printed on the folio edition : * Thia i 
ms written for an oeeaauMi (1 
when onW trebles and a tiosle 
were available' Hy Tirtne ofms office Wfl 
U-r coodncted the TesiiTal of the thnw l 
held at Heiaford »-ll Sept, 1B&4, wha ■ 
manuscript orertare of hia, * which eTiond 




Wesley 



3" 



Wesley 



suWbanttir of Cxtf1«r Uatkedral. Tlua pott 
he hdd Tor iiiz years, during whie!! period his 
faniQ as a comjioetT uf ctiiircli nmsie ki<]m an 
oiyanint bi^nmi- e.4t«.bli.4lif<l. (In 21 Jiiii^i 
1 A39 he anouraiilaled, by apocial diepRnaation 
of the cnnjpvjjnlion, lli« dcffn^Dit of tmclielor 
•nd doclor in munic at inti unircrmtj of 
Oxford. HiB 'exercige' — the finio eiifht- 
■pait BAthcm, *0 I*ortl, Thou Bit tnyOod' 
— woe performed in Ms^dalea OotLege cliapel 
(20 Juno), on whicli occMian the composer 
pn:()id(>d at tbo or^n. J(u aougUi thv du- 
preo of ' doctor ' solely hocauae he thou)(bt 
It wauld bo itsufiil to Liin in any candidaiiire 
for n univnnitty |m)ri90H>rKlj ip of miiKtc. 
Three npportimiiipe of thia nature prftaflntod 
themselvQi to WL^sley. in nJI of which, how- 
ever, h'- waa^ithflr unaiicc^fuful or be with- 
drew hiB candidal lire — at Edinburgh in 18il 
and 1844, and Oxford in 1848, on the dcsth 
of William Crotch [q. v.] 

RaHv in \84'2, attracted by a Liberal olT«r 
mode to him by WaltL^r tarquhar Hook, 
aft erwar<3» daan of Cliiche«lt^r, but t b*« viou- 
of Loi'nii!. Woslev bMnmu or^nint of Leeda 
pnrinh I'hurcb, Duiitiu thU ]>fricKl (1R42-P) 
ne gave a. course of illustrated lectures on 
church Riu^ic at tho Livorpool CoUvi^Lato 
In.ititulinn, IMarcb to May li^l-l, and ftf^ain 
in 18 16. At Li^eds he wrote hia fine service in 
E, the cf>pvri£rbt of which he sold on 5 Feb. 
IS-lfi In Martin Cawood, an ironmaster, for 
fifty (juineas. Th« musical heterodoxy of 
this oerTicc was owailod by the critics, who 
at all tiiuw* roti«i>d Wl-sK-v's nuacoptibilitie* 
And b(^CAm(!hiB deadly eneniies. lie opened 
AValkifr's nitw ori^i st Tavistock parUh 
church on M June 18U), und it wiut «ti»tj>d 
that h(> had accepted tho appointment of 
cr^ani^t ; tint in any cnso it niiist have hpen 
only of a temporary nature, na he did not 

3uit. Lwds until ltCl9 (cf. Plymouth U'efkty 
aurnal, 2 .\pril, So Juntv "2 July 18-1(5; 
ri^moMth H'-raJd, U April I84U; and 
Times fliondon), report of action Burton v, 
Weiiley, ly July I8v2). lu order to eccun; 
apociul' educational advantaffe^ for hifi aons, 
Wo«loy Bccvplvd tho or^auistflhip uf 'W'in- 
eheater Cathedral in tliulnttar iinrl of IBJO, 
and rvmainod there for the nest fourteen 
yuara. l*n>vioua tohis departure from Leeds 
the gentlemen of the choir pn^»entiNl him with 
hix portmit painted io oils. On 10 Aug. 
IftfiO ho WM a]>pointftd u professor of the 
orffsn at the Royal Academy of Muitic. 

In 186fiWcik-y was consulted by the dean 
aud chapter of OJouceater in regard to Oiling 
up the appointmeutof orgitni.tl at that catho 
Oral, with the reitult that he offered himm^lf 
for the poit. Hi* ulTrr was acc'.'pted, and he 
niLaiiiLtl this appointment until bis death. 

TOL. I^ 



After on iutorral uf thirty-one years he 
n^ain, in bid officlul ca]>acity aa oqgaiiiatf 
conducted the fuatival uf the thrae ehoirx in 
]85iJ, and aubit-tjueiLtly in 1868, 1871, and 
1874, all at Qlouceeter. On tbo recom- 
mi;ndalion of Mr. Gladstone a civil list 
pen&ion of 100/. per annum was conferred 
upon him on L4 Jan. 1J^73, 'in rvcopniiion 
of hia niui<ical taletit.t.' He accompanied a 
service for the last time in thu cathedral 
on Christmas day, 187o, At il» ciimUnion 
be playvd lland'-d's 'Ilullelujali' chorua. 
lie died at his residence, I'alacu Viird, Olou- 
CMlcr, on ID .April 1876, his last words, 
addre&jtttd to hi* niater, Mi«s EJijta M'esley, 
being, 'Let me see the sky.' lie wtd buried 
at hiK own re([u«Bt in the old cemetery, 
Exeter, beside hia only daughter. On 4 May 
IB35 at Ewyaa Uarold churcb, near Hero- 
ford, lie waa married to Mftrj- Anne,sJKterof 
John .Merewether [q. v.], dean of Ht^reford. 
\^y her hi; had four sons and one duuj^hlur. 
>Ce*lev's civil list peDHioD was continued to 
hia widow until her death in Loudon on 
28 Feb. 1888. 

WdBley had a very remarkable persntiality, 
and many extraordinnry tales are relatt'd of 
bi» tK'centricilv- Al] his lifu 1oD|; ho waged 
war with cathedral dignilArios (tnd music 
publishers. The cathedral precentor wu 
pcrhnpn his p(>t averAinti. His views on the 
ftubject of cathitdral mualc and deans and 
chapters may be found in hia pamphlvCji, 'A 
Few Word.i o« Cathudnil ^fusic and the 
Musical System of the Church, with a Plim 
of Kcform' (London, 1849); 'lleplv to the 
Ini^uiries of the Catbedrul CoiumiKsioners 
relative to Improremeut • in th*- Music of 
Divine \Vur>bip in Cathedrals' (London, 
18W); Ibi- caiiatic preface to hi* iwrvice in 
K (urigiuul edition), 184o ; and the ' Lute* 
(M.iy Iftr,.',, p. 1)7). 

He showed hia autipaihy to mu^ic pub- 
lisherB by publishiu); mort of his composi- 
tiona on his own anoounl. In 186s, how- 
ever, he sold the copyrights of hia anthctne, 
organ and pianoforti) pieces, !cc., to the firm 
of iSovL'ilo 3; Co. for tW sum of 750/. 

As a composer of English church music, 
^\'eEley stutias in the front rank. His daring^ 
mnduliitjiina and uiiconventionalilies stag- 

?ered the dryosdusls of his time, who, b1inde<1 
y their own contmpunlii! orthodoxy, could 
not diMem the deep pnetio feeling, the 
devotional utterance, united to the highest, 
musicianship, which fiminnntly charoctcriaa 
Wcoley'a compositions for the church. Us 
waa an excellent performer on the organ ; hia 
extempore plaviiig was in the tughe»t dc^rea 
nia.Hterly. Although ao pronounced an in* 
novolor in tef^nl to cuinpositiona for tke 



^essington 



3»« 



^essington 



ctanA, W«d«7 WIS m ocbtr napweta very 
MMMmlifie. B« Mhwkted tlw U enay— 
far the oigm: mdwliaii in 1'*^ ibc hs^ 
instnnupnt m Si. GvorpiV HaJI. Lit«rpMl 
(is tlw eiM MM OBl i ca ai wkieli be was Uw 
«bi«f mHncmlBdvia«rto thm ooqxwBtioa^.'was 
bailt, be want«d bocli nuiuUuid pedak to 
begin at O ; bat » c wuyr omiig ww iuattod 
«pon by 'Ffttber' WilLif>, tb« baiUer. wIma- 
b^ the muuab began it O aad ibe pedal* 
atCt Hu TiewB tn *«^iul tenpratnHBt* 
wen diaiaetncallj oppoate to chow held in 
th* present day. He wrote : ' The practim 
of luninir organs breqaaltvniprraiiKat is id 
tay humble opinion, tnoal immeamt ' (.tfiMh> 
tat Standard. 1 ApHl 1663 p. "iA'i, 16 Jnae 
1W» p. SSI, i J<tlT 186S p. .337). 

A ponrail nf \Vi^lf>T OT Bti^gA is in the 
possesion of Jaliui Macsball, ««|. 

In addition to ihrue a!r<>adf mentioned, 
Weale/s compotitions include : 1. Anibena 
(twelT»),inaeora,Id&S: lixof theseaiUh'^Ria 
ware antwaneed to bo inued by «uh*cripi ion 
in 1B40, and two aeem to baTe been Uottt^ 
tiri-lT published (see Mutieal fforid, 8, IS, 
ami l^ Urt. 1^0, fur rarinw am! ad^-Arti*^ 
tD^nt). a, EleTen ntber aatbenu and three 
coll«t«. 3. SeTvicM in E, F; chant wr- 
Ticc* in F ( twn), O, ttc. 4. ' The Eximpean 
J^almiet: a CoUeoiioa of Hymn Tunes' 
(dcdieat«d to the queen), 1^3. !>. An 
OdOf Compo«ml for thn opcninfr nf an exhi- 
bitieo, Agrieultuml Hnll, lelinijton, 17 Oct. 
1664. 6. ThcrHundn>thPealm,an-anf;Mlfor 
performaurv ol tli« lariiig oftbefouni^tioa- 
fltone of Nellpy UoepilaJ, 19 May 1856. 

7. Th<} Paalter, pointed for chanting, 1&43. 

8. Worda nf anthems, IStM. 9. Organ 
music. 10. Pianoforte mufiic, inclndiofr a set 
of claasical quadnlli^. 11. fiWx and mngt,. 
13. Many hyiT]n'tuiii>3 and chanta. His 
Cuniliar bymn-tUDe ' AuMia' tintt 8ppF<ared 
In * A Selection of P»alniB and Hrmn*. ar- 
rsnglied for the Servicea of the OhuroU of 
England/ by C. Kemble ot Bath, ISftl. 

[OroTe'a Piclionitrv of SInsic and lliuif ian«, 
ir. 447: Ad'lit. MSS. 117^0 fT 326-8. 34«7a 
ff. 33. 3«. «1. SMll-^O, 3J'JJ6, 36038: Uuriea) 
Time*. JuRo 1S7a.J«ly IH94. JanclStlS: Itrit. 
Md». Cut.; authontiu cited; priratn infnrmni- 
tjen.] F.G. E. 

WEfiSINOTON, JOHN (d. U!>\), prior 
of I>Hrhum. wa» |ii]ii*Lb1y horn Ht, aud twit 
bia name from, a rillaefi in tho coitnty of 
OuHi&m, now Imowa sb Wfti^huifrtoii- Hu 
ontend tha Benedictine order, and was one 
of li« studenta regularly 6unl by the Dene- 
dictinen of Diirhnm to bi' edticati^d at their 
bouse at Oxford, then known tm l.>urbam 
Oollen and now merged in Triuilr- Iti 
1886 no bocame bursar of Durhum Collt^, 




ia wfcich he took gnM iotorHt, 
boob Car ita aae bom tho chapter at 
hatm, amA writing in 1433 a treatise tonm* 
that it should ba ekempC froai (be iantii^ 
tion of the gnead *priar atadeatuiB' at 
Oifind bacsuse the oolleffe exist^ belbn 
the appoinUBaU of the prinr. Thia tnatiat, 
■xiant aiD<»||[ the tasBuaeripta of I>i[riiaiK 
athednl Ubraiy, is printod in tdI. iii. ^^ 
tbeOxfofdlliiloricalSocivly'e 'Colit^aa^H 
1600. About 1400 We&iinfFton appean^^H 
chaDCellLT of I>iirham Catbi^nl. and in lb« 
aotumn of 1416 be was made prior, lie n- 
Isint^ this olSee tat twenty-nuut tad a bali 
yaaia, during which he was voy sclive ia 
oxuadtar and n^ringtbo buildinga of tb« 
cathadnu and ita depmdent ItousM ( ~ 
Dmmtim. Serifttt, TVm, pp. crlxxi-vii). 
lOO he presided over s cvxipral chapter 
Benedicimes in England arid at Nortlu 
ton- He resigned his iiriory in Mar 1 
the bi»hop of Durham, lEobnrt Nenlle 'ij v. 
issuing lelterv for iha rie«tion of hi« mu 
cesaor on the tJOth. The chapter of Durbam. 
in graitlud« for Wessingtoo^ otrricea, mad« 
liberal nniriaioR for his old a^. He vat 
aasignea a n^nsian nf 40/., a private rooni 
' vocata Coloinghim ' ia the monaaterr, and 
fire attendants — a chaplain, an ettquire, ■ 
cU^, a valet, and a • irarcio.' If be wi^ed 
to WTeDorhau for hu health'* «ake.bewu 
to be allowed the principal room in the ocO 
at Kinchale, and another spartment lha« 
called ' Douglaa Tower.' lie died oa9 April 
1461. "^ 

Bcmsid ^Tesa list of Weuisgton'a wotb 
extant aoKMiB the nunuseri|its at Dnrbam 
Cathedral; thsy include tnatiMH (I) 'De 
Ori^neOidinia n)onschati«': (^) ' Ik D»- 
•tituUone Monast^rinnim Wenii uthenals 
Oirwicenu8[Wearmoutb and JervmiUj 
Abbatibuseorum;' 0) <l>e aasetisMonac 
Undisfcroensibiu : ' (4) 'Uc Fundatione 
Atbenamm et t'oiversitatum Parisietisi< et 
Oxoniensia,' and (5) ■ Vita S. fauli pritai 
EremiuD et H. Antonii.' His * Defauis 
Jurium,LibertatDm,etPotM>«sion)imF2ccl*euB 
DuiiL-lmcneis advoreuaMalitins et Machina* 
tionua ip&a tniDlrtitiiiQi impugnare' uxtant in 
Cottnnian MS, Vitelliua A xii, wu ladir 
dflinaget.! by fir*-, but baa been partially rp- 
stored. A Tolurae of his frermon^ oiitltlaii 
'Sennones de Fcatis principnlibu-i tarn ds 
Sanctis qunrnddTfrnpore,' i« in the Bodleian 
Library (Lnud MSi^. SILtoelUnea 262^ aad 
tWi uime manuacripl coiiiniiis ' Matotias pto 
Scrmonibua eodom foraan Auetore.' 

ritorrnvnl's (V. MS.**. Aaglis; Oit,Bo>i]s^ 
MSS.; Tanner'. BiMtotboca, p, 768; Baiac'a 
North I>urhani, p. 120; Sarteea Boo. Pnbl, ml. 
ix. pp.clsTi-Tiii, cclaxi-vii, toLxxu. pp.7S-3, 







West 



3»3 



West 



Whnrton'B Anitlia Sncra, i. 789; BlnkUtoa'a 
Some Ihiriinm Ttollnin Ojford Dirt, So*. CoUec- 
tnneH, ruJ, iii-iiud Iliit-ofTrinilf Collegia. IKVO, 
p. 12.] A.F.I'. 

WEST, Mm. (I7IK>-1876). nctrpai, the 
daiifililer of Mr. Cnoke of Dath, irnff born in 
BaiU on 22 Miirdi 17tX). Influcnwtl hv ibe 
example of her coti^ia and ^layninTe, Mra. 
Harriet Wavlett ^q. v.l, she nppeorL'd at tin- 
Balli TUtBtru on » May 1810lor tlw benefit, 
i>f Ler unci*, aii fictoT, as Miiw HarJH-astle in 
' Sbd FlOL'pe to CDm[iK'r,' and lu ISl 1, ut tliL- 
a«,m(« IioLiw, |iInTi'<) Kmilv Ti'iiijiMt in the 
' Wheel of FoTtiinp.' IntliP siiraniprDf ItiliJ 
di« playi'd at Chellnnhani nnil Gloiicc^tiT. 
lt«enmmi»n<l»Hl hr .Mr. and Mrs. Charles 
Kemble, she tnade, aa Miss Cooke, hn first 
sppeaniiu-c «l Covcnt Garden on 28 Sept. 
1813 a» Deiideinona. On 3 Oct. sbe played 
lady Percy in ' Henry IV,' and on tlie I6tli 
had a tmrt in an un»rint(ttl iilny caUcd 
' 8cliiiii'dfrkiiin.' -Miraudii in UryJt'n'd ' Tom- 
peet,' Julia in the * RivnlH.' and An^'lJra. an 
oriffinal part in JBrnv^onV Stiu!>'nl«of Sula- 
muica.'nn 2.1 Jan. IclM fnSlowod. hut a.t- 
tnct^ little attention, XcxCei'W-'n^ht-wnB 
Fann^ Sterling in th« *Clnnd<?stini^ .\far- 
ri«Rv,' Cliunnian in * .'Vntonv and Cleouutra,' 
wu tl>i> tirBtOfOrffinna in'VoUyns it Flies' 
on 27 Nov.. and lli« firgt Kliza Arundel in 
I\x>nck'«'For England Ho I' on ir<TK»c. On 
10 Nov. 1^14 Bho plavfd Juliet at Edin- 
biirijli. Thillier «lie was fvllywud by West, 
ivhom in March 1815 she married. 

On TO Supt. 1815. ats Mrs. W. Wott (lato 
Miaa Cooke) from KJiiiliurgli,«hrt rt-appt'Rtvd 
iu liitb, playing Statira in ' Alexander tbo 
Oreat,' \ iolnnlr in the ' Wnndnr,' Qm-rti 
Macy in 'Albion Queen.'*,' .Tulia in 'Italian 
LoriT,' CliifTiT in the ' Bpuux' StrataRem," 
Dame KiTely in'Fvcrj'Man in his Humour,' 
Lydia l.sn|;uirh to her hueband'a Fag, and 
Eu^t^in in thti ' Dnltc of Milan.' Here die 
ivmulncd during thv tvro foUowiug (oafonv, 
playing Imogene in ' llertram,' Mrs. nelmour 
in * U lu J'.-aloUH,* Avpotiia in 'Tami.'rlQu«,' 
Okluta in the ' Fair Pi-niK-nt,' lyonnra in 
tliv 'RtivyngH* to Kenn's Zanga, Millwood 
in ' CJ«orgij Itnmwpll,' Klbtn iu ' Lailv of ih^ 
Lake,' Octavia in'Ai! lor I.ov*-,' Flvira in 
'Pixarro,' Tilburina in ibe 'Critic,' Helen 
MeOregor in 'Hob Hoy,' .\licia in 'Jant 
Shore,' and other parts. 

On 17 Sept. 181K Hhe made aa Dcsdemona 
her&MsppeftnnceatDniry Lane. Leading 
boaineas, principally tragic, waa nov awigued 
Iter, and Hlsuwaa Hi>»n during the firet seiiBDu 
■a llelvidfnt in ' V«nii'» Pn'mrn-'-d," l-ady 
Towiiley, I.«ily Macbeth, nermioiiPp Mrs. 
Bvvvrltfy, JanL> Shore, Julia in the ' Kivale,' 
ATn. Ilaller, and in vnry many ori^nul rSlft, 



titnong which may Iw named Tarquinia in 
Howard Payne's 'Hrulnii' on 3 Upc, Clare 
St. Clare iu 'FlcHldt-n Field' ('Marmion') 
on 31 Dkc., Iniina in Soane'a ' Dwarf of J 
NapIes*onl3Marrbl810,.\ngi-linainnucVM 
' Ilnljnns'on 3 April, Hosa in .Milner's' Jew 
of I.itbiwk' on 11 May, and Claiidina in 
TwisB'a'Carib Chief ' on 13 May. Among'^ 
parts plnvfd in siihM-quent et^anona were Lad jr 
Aninranth in ' Wild UaCa,' Lady Auuo la 
' Itichard III,* Cordelia, Adelgiiha iu a 
piece »u nsiDL-d, Cora in 'Piturro,' Portia in 
'Julius ("(F.iar' and in tlm ' .Mvrrlinnl of 
^■enice,' Ella Rowinberg, Queen Kathnrint! 
ill 'Henry VIII,' /oravdn in the ' Uomau 
.\etor,' Yarico, Juliet, f*enlita, Alcmcna in 
' Amphitryon,' Zaphim in 'Barbaroii&a,' andv 
thf Queen in' Ilarnl'"!.' Mosl important among' - 
her many original parts weni Ilebc^'ca iu the 
* Hebrew' (^cxinv's adaptation of Ivanlioe'l 
on 2 March ISUO, Virginia iu 'Vir:giniua' 
(nut up at Drury- Lane to rival Kuowlen'it 
play nt Coveiil Garden) on 29 May, Mary 
Queeuof Hrotnin Hoinillfvn'K 'David Rizxio' 
on 12 June, Poeahontaa in the piece so 
named on Il> Dnr., Julia in ' Montnlto' on 
S Jan. IS2I, .Anginlina in ' Marino Fali*ro' 
on 2ft .^pril. iind Nornn iu tb>; ' Pirate' on 
15 Jan. 11*22. Shi! bad hitherto constantly 
supported Kean. On 13 Oct. l}^2-'Ir«heplay<'<l 
Virginia in Knowiea'.* tragody loMacready's 
Vir^nin.t, and on 1ft Nov, waa the fiittt 
Licinia in Knowles's ' Lieiiii'is.' Sjhe wan 
the first Amy Itobsurt in averfiion of Kenil- 
wonh,' G Jan. D^til. On 13 Oct. at llu 
Havmarliot she played Sophia in the ' Itoud 
to liuin.' Sbe was uL Drury Lane the fimt 
Peatimelle in an allerutinu of tlie ' Fatal 
Dowry ' OH 5 Jan. I82ti, I^orina in Soane's 
' MaMiiniidlo' on 17 Feb., Iterengaria in 
'Knights of the Crow.' ('Thti T^isman") 
on iM Mny iJ^'iK, Kmerance in Orallnn'g 
'Ben Naiir thn Snrawn 'on 21 May ISL'7, 
Julia in the 'Gambler's Fnte ' (adapted from 
tho French bv Thompson) on Ifl Oct., and 
Maria dy I'adilla in Lorl 1 'ore boB tor's ' Don 
Pedro' on 10 Mareb 1«28. Wlwn the rt-_ 
cord of Ueiiett iitO[H>, iuformatinn conr-em- 
ing ber beoomea scanty. In IRSo she was 
at Covent Garden under Osbaldisloii, hut 

filsyed chiafly Hwiondary purtu, and she then 
nppfd into performing at thft minor theatres, 
and Biibsequ'^ntly disappeared iu the coun- 
try. \U^T lojit l^ndon engagement was ut 
the Marylebone about 1)^17. She died at 
Glasgow on TO Dlt. I?76 at the Imiiw of 
bur nqihew, Mr. Hctirv Coiirle Cooke, and 
wo* buried at SigbtbiU cemetprv on 2 Jau, 
1P77. 

Mn. ^^''MHt wa« a capabia actreas at the 
ontsef , and waa olaaeed next to Mios O'N'eiJI. 

tii 



West 



3>4 



•West 



Sbm tad ft pWwim lam 

«BtU in berlatvtfatjBabi 

■mrnuMekt TW^ Tta'tdBdoaXagasae 

Hut ThMiricBl Inquwtnr' (iiL 517 f mj« 

ibe ««• * As moac pUintiv* md dm man 

tambmif ■ >— p o bto o/ sU var — iJwu ae- 

■•iadMuuliiMni fif BelvideauulCLniieUa, 

•wwtett jwt Um Mddat of th» dauffalan of 
Tlmpu; her ojoaqpiia is dafioaiiT ifilf 
She bad iatanioMKM tlaa. .Utw db» <)«ath 
otf" AlMOfWr bi [i|. r 1, tlia Eagv ta hmr 
ConUift ftod Uw Lear nf ^LeaD, aba ii pilh u tor 
thabanrdt <il' lii* (amiij on :U OcC ItilDan 
MMMoai atUnai, tlw iMt liasof wfaieh. wu 
Ondalift'* tma, Aitfra ahad far 



<rf ttataltwa Mui inqm- 
pnnty of Ekb Uoa^ ijahm in an aaanmwil 
ahwKtiir ei » ■■■« mS neeadr aim, die 
•mHlituCad n>f i£ 'WttiL <wi' wiialiTOy adwt 
tfaa Ima, 'ftrdMi Cflidria^* MmL foot 
faml» • odd.' A Bortmife ef tar as Portw 
I bA Im IB QxtaaT'* * DniBatu! 
^ToL u.) Oxtaixy aOla tae 
t waapumbAf etamiiir but incafahk 
afaMHgaMMMB: wixfcftlemaf du(kU« 
■h»bMMiftl¥f MOiilitaltamlyHfc brown ami 
■knadHK taic, oan of tta aatt bMoliM 
wflUA Qtt tba ■*i*a ^ [b tiw^iifc w u i f mn and 
Maaiogia acher tlutn lava sta waa doC bI bar 
MttTtar Lni; ICactatb waa tatna and a»- 
naL Sbm nfinod in cobmIt than Xa. 
DBtiaonand iba.6Iov8r,ata had [aMbaaosr 
tban aittar. Sba racttad adnnnUr posD» 
aa«k m OiBSmdi *Oda ka tta nainii ' 
Tbinndb^ jaalniiaf d» anantad aai^feom 
b« faHtaad^b^wkiB ita tad BwwdaBtem 
aad nevtr Rgaucd him. 

Bcr hmlwl, Warns Wnr (171M>- 
lOBOiiaBiBadMn aod saMCBi BOBpUBCrund 
M ta called *TW PMtar td iW Sl^*.' 
HialKtami taMicliI with Drary Lana. 
Aftarttodjia; vntie nodar Tboawa Walab 
aad nabawi|iiiairT aader C. E. Hon, ta ap- 
pranni at tta HajaaitaC in Id06 aa Ton 
Tbuab. lit ttan m Dray Una ^^^ 
parti aodi aaJatain tta'Pma'aad Boria 
'Cbildrm IB tta Wood.' la 1«4 ta fal- 
lowad Wm CoDta to Edtnbank. and next 
jaatmaxried tar in tta laaCk of Kocfc ooa^ 
fothioB. Bia 6nl noeanwee in Edtabanh 
waa on 10 No*. 1814 as Don Cartoa m tbe 
'Daanna.' AAcrplnia^ia Bath and BriNol 
ta ai fft v ^A. in Londm at tta Eaat Londoa 
Theatn, and on May 1833 ebjad at Dmy 
Laoo ' rriftiihT " ' 'niailiiiliiii 'In 

. at tbe Olympic and 

otiM^^^^^^m0 ftn in IB43 an mtUtr- 

I of tta downa of Sbafc^ 




Maan, and diad late in Janoary v mly ii 
Ffllmiarv ISHH. BianMaK pa|Kdnraauiw«H 
•When LtfTD wma ficah froni I^ bwb> 
had,' 'Aiim a/ lejW; and -Lava aal tta 
liMliiii Fbnt.' Hta gle^ tttrfrafa *ib 
Uaaan Eng;' • t> RomlW.' • Oh. BaU BaUi 
Hood,' and * The Hnaf fialM>a.* Be ia ata 
rMTHinsibIs for a iTfiia. iitirlid *Vai"d Xk- 
rin' ' n Ancient EngiuhJiIacmDMBf 

«. .una.' A woodeut p«fait rf 

VVMt •• MuncQ in tta ' PadlocfcT m whi^ 
ta waa aarairirnt, ia in Thn 'ThrairirBT Bh 
gtaphj ' far lii34. 

IBoakadCad; Qaaai'a AottMntt of tta Ita- 
Oak ainp: Tfaaonnl Inq nitiin r.- On^a 
aai Knieal Saviav : aeott and Hnawd^ 
Blandkatil C^»tk SaaMO** tlnwwiwiwi 
Aotana; Vti. B>nni WUan'a Oar Jbtta^: 
O i wata a Era; Ecm waaaiMini, 7 Jaa. WT: 
Bib alakaaack.1 J. K. 

WESrt, BEXJAXIX (l73S-lfi9a>, U»- 
■oni;ttJ painter, waa doMandnd Anna n aB 
IbnulT a' LoB^ C^Bld■u^ Bnekn^linnnbaiv 
Buanaesa of wbicb. wtm t ovar to Aanrieawilh 
Ann in Itl^L n» father. John^^lKa^ 
aKtIad at Spmu^«!<l in Chaur Ctma, 
PanBUftvaaia, in 1714; ho aiarrhrl SvaL 
danghcarof Tbanaa **— imn. a fiahi^Ml 
bad a faailT of aesdiliftnSt ifaajonnaaiKflf 
whoB win Beaiamin, bum tut 10 Oct. ITK 
TtalbfhanaM ta wtm:b be wu bnra laitill 
Raiding aaar 9waithawite, in wtat ia aav 
«nl ta l rial a w Bia Cu a tfi , ftnawl r a nk. Ac- 
aariii^ to tta Kfa by John GnjJt, which w« 
wBOan fioot tnfarauuioa winnrnd br W«m 
hiaail^ hiB e«^ Hfa waa nSad hr ^ 
inaaitahliiiiiiljiiiipVaiii ifiw^aaii £i 
•»««n jaanohi taXnwhia hal^ niBOa in W 
etadlainfedaadhhdidialk. B« TBCcii*! 
taa Ink in a tra e t ioBa in art Avaa • CtaRhl% 
and ahsaiand tnm hint hia fat calnm^ 
whiahwanttandaadTCUmr oaadtalta 
liiliiM TathaMhiBaMchBrnddedBilH* 
cdiBifinB,aBd aa esBpfetad thn choid of wtai 
wett tnaa f iTlrd tta thna BtxmazT cotanL 
Ba atand a cat go aata bahnatas mI 
bia aarlj arttalieeAbrtaaoaaCoBiitadasa^ 
chant named PannBiftan that ta ttnlan 
a has of BoIoBiB. Hb alao gnv* >% eat Maa 
bnnAca and ■ paeca at taamm on whidt tta 
tay pmnlad a OBinpwit w wt nw thiaaaHpaf^ 
ii^ by OB8RiBO,alM giTvn tA hia hy ha ad* 
Bmr. Thia pictnre waaattUin atiaiwirr. 
and waa fihibitad by tta nd« of hia tagt 
picsncB of 'Chnai BqacMd' stx^^anw 
yaanaftarit waa pnintnL 

At niaa yaaa old ta bmsfc into Man al 
tta atAt of a landacw* br BO artist of fUb- 
de^^ aaaed WiUaana, and demand hb 
Mtcotioa of beioff a painter, HJafbttarand 
BMthar vara «puun, bat ttay a&d tta Sik 



i 



West 



s*s 



"VVcst 



ciety of FWtntlfl it SpringfioM wcro bo con- 
viiict.'d of thu {^'Kt&i'jB of ihf taJV giti* 
that, after solemn delitx^mtioDfi they allowed 
him lu atlupt art u a profeBsiun- Whvn 
wgliti'H'H ycRrt oM h'w mot lirr died, ami li« 
eet u[) as b portroit-iMunler at FIiiEadelpIua, 
nmi iifterwnnU *( Lntiniater ntiH 'Svw \ ortc. 
Tlifln, with tlio «.*t(ij«tri«r-e of HOt. from & 
merchant osmed Kelly, he went to Italy. 
Tile sliip in wliioh he BAilcd wa« prot<«tPd 
from Oibraltarto lA-jihora bv a convoy under 
tho command of Captain Cliftrlea \foadows 
(■fifrwardfl Kiirl Manvvm), who remMm-d 
liU fmtid i» aftf r life, ]"'roiii l-eghoni he pri>- 
eaededcu Kanif, w'h<.'rL< hdiirrivod on 10 July 
1760, and uhcaici'-d intrudtKlliinn Ui ('ardiiiat 
Albsni and other pprsnns ofnotf. Theyoung 
Anwrican atlroclcd tnu»'li ctiri'iJtity on bo 
<^ftuiiT of the «-mi-(MiTage lifp he was sunpoHt'd 
to have led, but be soon distin^trubeu liim- 
(wlf by n portrnit of Tliomns [{j^binnon (after- 
ward:! Lord Ciraulhau]), and was introduced 
to ItutlacUe Men^ and Pompro Battoni. 
The funic of ihi- iKinrait rvachud bis fV-ieDd* 
in America, ana OLief-jiiAlice Allen and 
Qovtrrnor Hamilton determined lo supply 
Lim with fund*. Hi* iviiiuiii'iiLl in Ituly tliree 
Tears, makincfriRnds and rcpHtftlionnvfiffrcviT 
hd wimt. IiH viniti-d mnnr of thi- (irincipal 
cil iea of Ttah-, and wafi miulft a mpmWr of the 
academies at Parma, Florence, and Bologna. 

In irUS, prucvded l)y n n'p«itiitioii,hi> came 
to Kngland with two pictiirt!H painted in 
Ittime. Here he was received by three of 
hii» American friend*, Pr. Williani Smith 
(pmvojt of the collegeal I'biUdelphia), Cbit*f- 
jQslicv Allen, and Goremor Hamilton. Ho 
took lodgings iu Bi:>drord Street, Ooveot 
Garden, ana afterwards in Oaatle Street, 
IxncrstcT Hi'ldf, nud was introducml lo Dr. 
.lohniim, BnHie, ami Sir Joahua Heynold^. 
who reci'ivod him kindly, and recommended 
him to exliibit lili piclun-^ 'Cymmi mid 
Iphigenia,' ' .\ngelica and Medoro,' and a 
portrait of General Moncikton appeared at 
the cshibition of thi? Socii-ly of Artists in 
SpringGardeain l^ft-l. He becnmeamember 
of the Incorporated Socicly in 176.% wlicn 
he ttxliibitfd 'Jupiter oiid I'i^uropa,' ' Vwius 
and ('i]pt[],'and two porlraita in funry dress. 
In ihe Nimc year he married Kltsabcth 
SlirVfi'll, to wli(*m hrt vtux ciifffiHi'd before 
be loft Ameriea, and who (acc'impanied by 
Wr-dlV fnlhiTr)cume"V(»r tomarrvhim. \W«t. 
dropped hiH quaker habit and manner of 
flpi>eoli foon afterrhesettled in England, and, 
althnngh both lii> and bii« wife had been 
brought up aa qiiakers, cliey were married 
at the church of St. Martin -in-thc-FioIds 
(2 Sept. 176.',). 

In ITfW he exhibited 'I'y ladea and Oreates,' 



'Tht CoDtincnoe of Scipio,* and other works 
which greatly incre<i«vu iiii> reputation; but 
it WHS A picture of ' Agriitpina landing at 
]]nindusium with tho a«iic!i of (fermanicus* 
which IS said to Itan^ iniule liia forlun«t. 
This was a commisainn from Hohart Hay 
Drunimond [ii. t.^, atrbbii'lioii of York, who 
tried to raiee 3,00()/., lo enable Wwt to giro 
np ptirtrait -painting and devote himself to 
huitoncal art; but this failing, lie introduced 
We«t (in 17U7 or ITIfci) lo tliukiiig, whoud- 
mircd ' Agrippina,' and nuggeated ' The De- 
parture of lt«|^lua fn>m Uumu' as a )>ubj(ict 
lor another hiatoricnl pit-riiri*, for ultich biit 
majuety gave him a <rommis.<<ion. From thi^ 
time lilt the king br>i:Htni' piTinnnently inHine 
the royal favour never left him. He wan ono 
of the four chnju'n to draw up Uie plan of the 
lloyal Academy, and was nmt of th^ original 
uii-nilKTB nnminnlvd by the king. West ex- 
hibited 'Regiilx)^' at it'* (irHt uxbibition in 
I7fl9. In 1772 he was appointed hialoricol 
painter to th*? king, iinJ in ITIW surveyor of 
the royal pietun.*. He v.a» employed to 
decoralf St. (leoige's llall, Windsor, with 
eight p)clnr<^ from the life of EdwnnI III, 
and the royal oratory with a wtridii of thirty 
eix on tho progrvM of revealed relipon, 
twenty-eight of wliieh wvtTv executed. He 
also painted a number of royal portraits, 
singly or in groups, and received otJier com- 
miasionH, indudittg on>- for a copy of his 
celebrated picture of the • DfAth of Wolfe.' 
Ttiidpictiint waa the fir*t in which a mndern 
battle wa« ^ep^ewTlt^'d in modom coeiiima 
instead of that of Greeks and Homane. 'I'he 
feeling against such a during innovation waa 
veryatrontr, end when Weal'e inlenliun waa 
unaeritood,Sir Joshna Iteynoldfi called upon 
V^'e•t, with tliv arehbiahop of York, and 
tried to disauade him from his proJK't ; but 
Went waa firm, and eaid : ' The event to be 
eommen]or«1«d hnpp-nfd in thr year KfiQ, 
in a region of the world unknown to the 
lirfekaand Itomnns. ami nl « period of time 
when no warriora wlio won; euch costume 
existed. The subject I have to represent it 
A great hatilt" fought and won, and tho samA 
truth whieli givei law to thu historiiLO 
should rule the painter.' They cam« again 
when tlivpicturit wat^finixhed, when KeyDotda 
said to Dnimmond; ' Wegit has c'ONr|u«r»^d; 
hu has tn-ntvd iba subject as it ongnt to ba 
trt-ated. I n'tmrt my ohj»"elioiia. I forest'o 
thai ihi«i picture will not onlv become ono 
of tht' mo«t popular, but will occasion ■ 
revolution in art.' All, however, were not 
convinced, and James Barry (IT-H-IWO) 
fq. v."), in pmteM against such an indignity to 
niBtOTicsl art, painted the same subject with 
all the tigurca nude. Iteynolda'a \(iwjV 



wwB MntlhalMi Twifinl. ud Uw ' l>wUi of 
Wolfe' wMtW—ifew fa l mdihe bet 
of kH Wst'epieiara. Woolklt'i plaU altat 
tbi* pictor* kaJ iIm Uxgtst aU* of 07 nodem 
fp mTiagr^BeBoipgLL^JOHa). Tm'D«Ui 
oTn'olfe *«» axliibitod at tb« lUnl An- I 
Aemj iMini,uid was pnrdMMd b? I>vd 
UnwTvogr. Acoo^ofit iaatHMiptaaCoart. 
Ib tWflaawMluiMioa WMtbadwnBotbor ^ 
pietiuw of c Ua wo a l uid btUieal subjeetA, in- 
cluiltnf ' Ilectisranil Atulromaffai'.'puDUd for 
Dr. XvwtoB. ftod tin ' i^rwligKl Sjo' for ibe 
bUboft of W eceMter. Tbe aect jpnar he pro- 
aBD6a KUUBr sbwm bnv booctb Anwncui 
huUtn, 'WilluuB Finn's Tnol; vith tbn 
IndiAM' (noir u ItiiUdelpliUV In 1780b« 
«(bibit»d two modrm ntife imtc«s Un 
* BaUlr oftbe K071W* and tbe ■ De«cni£tioa of 
the FKDch Fle«t Kt La Ilogna.* new pic- 
lun-n, all of tthich wrre cp g imTcd, gnatlr 
iiMTMwd bu popoUhiy. Ho ■Aerwaw 
puDied tbft * Oeaut otCbtmiiet Bojratd.' the 
•DMth of KrlKPO,* *Tn«tr bcctraMo Lonl 
Oomm-allU anil Tippoo Sahib,' * OUrar Cnnf 
w«U diMoWinp rarlUnrat,' a frw mtbm 
from Spmuvr and TaKSQ, two for IVmiI**!!'* 
' ShakomeAre,' and others from modem bis- 
tof7 KM poetry- But euch piciuna wvn> 
my few in eonpaii-wn with nui aacnd and 
"worio. In I77J be exhibited ' The 
'Aii){^ *pP*" ^ ^^^ Shrplirrds' for tbe alur 
nf a cathedral, and 'Moms noMvine the 
Table*' (intended for St. l^aul't Catbearal). 
lie also mintPtlnhar-pieoM for Sl Scephflo's, 
Walbrook, THnitv CdUoot Chapel, Can- 
ridf[«,Oie«nwichlJiMp(la] Chapel, and other 
knreliet, aod waa iwarded as the gmataat 
' hiatorical paiatcr of thv I-Ioffliah schooL la 
17S9, at tbe death nf Sir Jaebtu ReynoMa, he 
waaelectod president of the Itojral Academy, 
A poMtion he held till hia deaili, witL the 
exception of (he short intenvpium of Jamea 
Wyatt [q. v.] The king offerod him knight- 
hood ou uia appointment, but be refused it on 
the ground that it icould not add to th« emi- 
nence he bwl gained by bi> pi'Dcil, but iittlw 
aametimc he C^vh ahint that lie would accc?iit 
a Inranetcy. The bint waa not taken, but ttiv 
kins'afarourix>nUnupd, ami Im wnt on paint- 
infrDiapKtureBfor the chapel at WindAortiU 
their progreM was iniorrupled by tlw king's 
illDeas in 1801, lll-iiAtur<>d atlAok.=t nn nc- 
(!0uni of the royal patrona^ now made bim 

froduct) an account which shonrvd that from 
768 to lAOl licbadi'XffCUtedaixty-fouruic- 
tureoaud »t)ior d«:(i){iu for tbe kiii^,and nad 
rrceived for them si,l8T/. On hiif n«ov«rj 
Oeorgo III look him again und«r bisprotoc- 
tion. and allow^ him l,iAXtL a year. In 1803 
or 1H(14 West wenttQFana,andsawtbe great 
collection of works of art gathered in tbe 



Louvre bjr Bonamrto. of wbon b« was a 

great admirvr. In 1 801 he had adwfn»- I 
meat with tho academy nnd rewgnea the | 
preaidenry in I>eoemb*!r, but waa re-eleclvd 
enriy in 1605. About this time be en- 
dearonred to fonu a national aaaociation loc 
the eneonrtgement of gre«C works of an. 
He wrote an sddreea to the king upon tk 
saljwttUulMeciredKUMaasunaoeafaditt' 1 
etonal nawitance, which waa nartrr siveo. 
W*«st bad to abandon hia ftcbeniii, but il «M I 
panly owin^ to his eirurta that tho fititiib 
Insiiiution waa fonndetl in ly<Vi. In l$ll 
Gv^irpa III became pennaiiontly insane, anil 
Watt a peuiion of I ^MXV. a yc«r was stennl 
without notice:. He bore the loaa wiinooi 
oomplainl, and 'a'ctil on pviating with hw 
vsoal nyularity. He was now growing nU, 
but hie ambition and bis belief in his own 
powers inctva«ed ralli^r than dimiuiibcd. 
lie be^an to paint a feriea of ncnptunl 
subjvcta upon a iArge scnle. The lint 01 
tbeue was ajiicture of 'Christ biulinp t^^^ 
Sick in the Teutpte,' which van paintnii ^^M 
the ifiiaken of I'liiladftplua in aid of ^^^ 
lioapital to be emrt^^ tbrrv. When rxVf 
bited in London it had a frn-at •*•!. . .i. in.) 
the British Ittstitutinu oir<-n.>(I ' 
thousand gnineaa for it. Il,> m.. j . - .lj 
ofier on condition lliat he ahoulct make • 
copy of it fur I'hiliult-lnhia. The nh^atl 
was preaentwi to the Natiimal GallGTr by 
tbe^itisb ln«iiiutioB in lH:.'(L,aud ha^ Ikwh 
engmr^ on a Urge scaltt hy CharW Ht*tl^ 
and on a ainall scale for Jones's ' National 
Oallery." Thecopywascshibitedin Ammca, 
and a ^'iag was adde'l to tbe hospital out «f 
tbe profits of the exbibili>in. Tu »how his 
gratitude to the British Institution. WeM ia 
1816 had a nwdal Mtmck, and preaented oas 
to each of the forty directum, of whom tki 
prinoR regent was tlx' pn«id»nt ( si^e AmmUt 
^ the Hm Artu, 1816 p. 2.-.;>. hnd IfSlT p. 
^1). These la]^ pictures tQcIui!u<llba']>e> 
scent of the Holy Gbost on Christ at tka 
Jordan' (ten feet by fo«rtocn>; 'Tbe Cruet* 
lixion* (sixtoenfect by twenty-eight); a«l 
'Tbe Aacennion* (iwvlw f«vt by f^i^ht^enX 
IVrhapa the most ambitious anQ lru> 
cesaTuIofall waa 'Death on tberaU-ll 
(now in tbi- Pennsylvanian Ac«detoy). lbs 

ficture waa exlubit«d at his own jnllcry ia 
t}l7. luthi8y««r,oa6D<K.,faelo«T blsvifs. 
nia own ■trei^:thBOwbemn gradually tofiil. 
He Ruffered from gout ana rheumatism, but it 
was of DO apecifi*^ complaint that be expired 
on 11 March 1^20 at his bouse, 14 Newmu 
Street, wh«rv be Itad lived for furty^va 
years. His body lay in stale at the uapX 
.^cademy.andwas buricNlwiih great hoiwaz 
in Sl I'aul'a Cathedral. For some yvtrs 



n 



West 



3*7 



West 



after bii deAth. hia gallerr iQ NowmAn 8treet 
wttH open to Lbc public, uut il attrnct«<l f«w 
visitnra. ilis remaining works wpre sold by 
Itobine in May 1.&29, whva 181 picturet 
n-«li«id Ii),l.t( guim*iu, ' I)fat!i on tli© l*ale 
Home' fetching two tliODsand guineas, ftnd 
' Chmt lt«j»ctm)' tlirm tlioa«&nd guineiu. 
This showa thiit,ttinugh his callery was de- 
serted, tiis rqiutntion outlivra him for nuiny 
yean ; but in IftlU n picture of tb« ' Annun- 
ciation,* for which lift had rtfceired ?if;hl 
hundred guincosfrom the vestry of St. Mary- 
lebunt!, Loudon, watt sold for Hit. 

Went'* (jrivaie life wm irreproachnbl©. lie 
wueitreni(iWindii«trioi]«,andproduc«dover 
four litindri.Ml work*. IIk burc xut:c»r!tww and 
revfrrafis with efioanimity. U« wim kind to 
yciiuifi«rli8t»,fre« from jwiloMsy, and B"ii*'niu)! 
beyond his metniii. Of jjood pn-wnce and 
gentle muuner^, be ti^ld bis own in dis- 
tin^uisbi'd aociitty, and tilk-d with dihTiity 
the oBicuof prfsiiient of the Koyal Academy. 
ilia aerenitv woa Bo^tained 'hy his prnfo^ind 
wliof in bis own guniue — l bcli^r which itf 
pi*aiiftd with bis yeara, Li>i){]i IJanthaa left 
B rharmiiigpiciurL' of tliu kind, vain uld man 
ill Ilis Klntvly bwu»«, surrouaded by his own 
larjje piciurpH, 

West duliveced n few addrossM to th« 
»eitdftnts of the Itoyal Academy, and pub- 
lished a few tetters on public subject?, but 
thej' were of little tniwit. Tbis wiis [irtrl.ly 
dxw to want of t'ducation, for li« aouIiI 
scarcely write a eenlence without faultn nf 
sp«^lling und grammar. It tASomiOwhal difH- 
cult to uudi-rvtand the grwit reputation 
achieTed by West lo hia lifetimo, for the 
Umeowa of lus 'tiUtorical' and 'biblicol' 
pictures is unredeemed by any beauty of 
oolour or exocution; but it must bv rumviu- 
biT"^ that b« wiw rrtijurded ft* (he foimiler 
of hirit^rical paini ing in Knjrland, und ht> had 
no seriniis rival (exoopt Ituiijiiinin Untifrt 
Hajdon [q.v.") in this claw of art. The pa- 
tronage of the king certainly pave Iiitii jhs^i- 
tioDi bat the artists and connoiiMMirn of thfi 
day, and the crii ic» also, wiihft-w exeepiiriiwi, 
like * Peter l^ndar ' and 'Antnny PsHouin,' 
vera loud in hi« pruivo. i^ir Thoiiiati Law- 
i«lic«, in an addrfus to th« acud»iit& of the 
Royal Academy in l)^:Jil,apok(« of hia compo- 
sitions ' tm fitr siurpii».«iu^ cintKnifxiniry mpfil 
on the continpnt, and lui nncnimlled at any 
penod below Ihu schools of the Cnracci.' 
lib chief claim to rcmemhranrA ia nerer- 
theleas hia 'Death of Wolfe,' by which ho 
«fi^t«d a mucb-ncediHl revolution in modem 
art. 

A full-IeMjjjth portrait by Lawrence of 
West in his point ini^-room was painted for 
the Prinui) of Wale* in IBl L, and wad pre- 



sented to the National Gallerv by Wil- 
liam IV' in 183i>; a copy by 0. ii. llcelio is 
in t b« Boston AtbetuROtn. Another portrait 
by Lawrvnco was otigraved for tbo liret edi- 
tion of Cuiininu;hHm'* 'Live.i.' AimrlraiLby 
Uainshorough wna engravbd by Watson in 
irs^ (liROiii.KY >, and on« hy r'aIron«t was 
Gnsrared by 1>. Fariijet. Hi^ bu»t was nude 
in lHl9by Chan trey, and the mmlal already 
mentioimil by G«orgL< AlitU, The ChAntr«y 
buat is in' tne National Portrait Uallery, 
which also possesses two portraits of West 
by Gilbert £>tuart. 

Belonging to tho National Gallery are ths 
following picture* hy Woat: 'Cloomliroiiia 
ordered into Uiiniahment by Lltonidas II, 
Kinf^of 8part a,* 'l*yladeA and brestea brought 
iiM VicliinK bi'fortt Iphisenia,' 'Cbriat heal- 
ing ihu Sick in t ln«T(^inpV,' tlifl ' Law .Supper,* 
and the ' ItvUlIatiou of the Order of th« 
< inrt^T.' They are not «xhibit«-d in Trafalgocj 
Scjiiare, but are * on loon' tomuseuoiiiiiitbl 

Irovinc4.i«. At Hampton Court are 'Tb* 
•uath of JJayard,' ' TUv Oulh of Hannibal,' 
' liernianicus and iba Wifu of Ai-minimi,' 
'Sc. I'tflur dunyinff Christ,' 'Cyrualiberatiiie 
the Family i>f AJityoHt"*,' 'St. lleorgv and 
the Dragon,' ' Romiilita leaving Rnme,' and 
ttiffht royal portraits. 

Tbfi elder of West's two sons, lUrniCL 
Lamak Wu5t (17(J9-18fiO). followed hia 
fat!i»r's pntf^wiion with some success. He 
painMd 'Orlando and Oliver' for Bordttira 
' Shakespeare tiallery,' and de^itrned a minti- 
"pifCfi fur I>'igh Hunt's 'Juvenilia.' Accord- 
ing lo I^alie h« bad moiM litlvnt Ibau iu- 
dnstry. UcdiedatUushey Healhoni2May 
ISW. 

[Jobn Qalt's Life and Slndies of JSenjamin 
Vi W, 2 ToLn., 1820 ; Ths IVngTMs of Opuius (an 
alriditinvnl of Gait's bio^rrapliy), 1S32; Dna- 
hip's niflt, of tlin An* of Denign in Iho United 
SUles, New Turk, 1B.14, i.33-9'; Cunaineham'kil 
Liv«a. <h), HiniIcii: ; ^ullakfins and his 7jinsa{-j 
Gcni.. Ma?. l»3o. i, 1.13. ii. A70: Ann. Bcc. I«S(^ f 
R<TilgraT«a' Century; RsdgntTc'H Diet.; Rrnui^' 
Dirr,, ml. ArnistroPK; Appl»lou'i Cy«lup«odja of 
Amerkna Bioffr.. wttb ncnotto after pw trnii by 
OtorfT* H. Harlow : Pye'd PnlronJiKe of British 
An; I'ilkinBton's Dut. 1840; CataloRueaof Soe. 
of Artists and Royal A«id.; Smith's Frietdif 
Kooks; I'ljnnsvU-ftiii* N&g. xriii, 219-23, xiz. 
46U2; Kmich's Uitl. of Pelawura County, 
Pliilndolphia, 1863 ; Suadb/e Hist, of tho Rrvyal 
Afaflcmy-i C. M. 

WEST, CIIAUI.E.^ (1816-1898), nhy- 
^iciau, Foii of a bapliiit minister, was bom 
in London on 8 Aug. lHiE>. Ilia father 
kept a achool, in which be was educat«dt 
and in 1833 he eotered aa a medical atudani 
at St. Bartbolomew's Hospital. After 
yean hii went for a y>M.r to Honu, and con 




pleted hia medial itudiM *t Paris and BiTrlln, 
gndnating M.D. at the lAlter univcmty in 
September 1837. He then began f^cmeral 
pncticfi in Ixmdon, aiul wrote s jiftper on 
trpbiu fever in thi*' Edinburirb Mcaiokl %ni 
Surf^lJouraal'for April 1838. UatfTrieh- 
ing to onUive hu knowledge, he weot to 
atudy midwuery in Dublin, and on bis r»- 
tuni b?c(iniu a mcinbee of tb« itorol OoUtge 
of Ilij-niriunii, and v/na eU«t«d plinicun to 
th« lafirmar^ for Cbildn-n n^ar Wateiiuo 
Br>d|^, Ijondim. 1I<' prM-tu<:d midwifi-rr 
and -nrote numerous pApers, chiefly oo di- 
waseH of children. In ihVt b* became l«e> 
tiiriT onmidwif-^rr to tbeMiddleaex Hospital, 
and in ItM? gave a coutm of * LeotORe on 
UiscAMs of Infancy and Cbildbood/publiahed 
in 1848. Tlie voiane weui tluougb seven 
tyiitioiaa, and was trauilatod into seTcral 
Eurupi-an lanffuaKe«; it wa» the uo«t (ela- 
borate work waicn bad apwart^l on the tub- 
i'ect in Eogltflb, tliougb Iras full iban the 
iimoiMi Fnrnch trvntiMe of KilUft and liar- 
ihes, an wbicb it was bBsod. It did mncb 
Horvic« in exciting giiimil tntt>rc»t in tbo 
eubjecl. He was appointed lectarer on mid- 
«-ilery at St, Bartliolomewa Hospital in 
1818, and hrld oSicu for twoire y^ars. Hia 
leclures were ^od, and their substance is 
contained in * Lecturer on Disaaaes of 
"Women,' publislied in IBoO and in three 
laltT eiiitionfl. In ]H5^, Inrgely awins to 
his exertions, tho Hospiialfor Sick ChilaieQ 
was ciK*nt;ii in Jticlinrd Mt-ud'» houn.' in 
(ireat DrfnonJ Strwet, l^ondon [see Mead, 
KICUABUJ, and h^' bucame il8 evninr phy- 
sician, an ofTio! which he held f(ir twenty 
three yean. He was niiiioh roitsiilttMl on the 
diseases of women a.ti<l children till IHK), 
when bis health obU^d him to en to Nice 
forllie winter. In the College of I'hyBieiaiiB 
he was elected a follow in 1^48, bi'camc 
censor in 1870 and liiB% deliveri.>d tlie 
(>oomian lectures * On I'lcoration of the Os 
Utnn,' tho Jrumk'ian lectures 'On Some 
Disorders of the Nervous Hyulera in Child- 
hood' in 1871, and the Ilarreian orotion in 
1874-. Hu di'.-il in I'nrin, <m his wny biark 
from NiTO, on 19 Murrh li^HS. He' knew 
several lanp-uages, and was a man of sbiliiy; 
hut tlififnndiict of oilier ineii «» rnr<'Iyiisti»- 
lied him that be waa not a happr colleague, 
and Itft brtih St. Biirtholomvw's iind the 
Children's Hospital iu a Atatu of feud with 
the other membi.'rs of the slitfr. About 
twenty years before hii) deulL hu bc'<:iLuiL' a 
Jtomaii cnthulic. 

West was twice married: first, to Miss 
CartwriKht, and secindly to Mi»Floii, who 
survived him. 15y his first wife he left one 
•oa and one daughter. 







[Wotks; etiiluarT notJoe in British Mfdifal 
Journal for i April 1898; penoDal kaovledct. 
For a eanpletalislofhiswnriagseeeike'Csta- 
lc««e' of the 8uigeoiHO«iH«m]'e Library 
WaahicKloD,] >'. >C 

WEST. S[R CHARLES RICHA 
8ACKVII.1.K-, «»tb Eaki, Db L» W 
BJXlh VlSCOCKT CABTSLUrB, OOd tW 

Dakox Dk La Warb (I811S-18T3), bom oa 
IS Nov. 1816, in Upper GroaTcoor Street, 
London, was the elucat surviving son of 
Geornt John We«t, fifth <.<arl l)e Im Vi'tat 
a79\~\SO»), by his wife KliKabelh, Snt 
baronea* Bnckhunt (d. 1870). daUKbt«r C''^ 
John Frederick Sackville, third duke of 
UoTM-t 'q. V.J Tbo fiAh carl and his sons 
took the additiotial name of ^aclrville bdbrs 
We«t on 30 Nov. 18J3 by royal lieease. 
Chnrle-S lUchard obtained thu comnuasion of 
enaign in the 43rd foot on 2l> July 1833,aBd 
was promoted to a second lieutttnaacy oa 
30 Aug. On 5 Juno 183S he becaae lisD* 
tenant iu the loth fool, and on 1!^ A^ 
1842 captain in the 2Ut foot. In INfi and 
184(> he «ervml as aid^-di.'H'vmp and acting 
military secretary to Sir llugfa Goug'h 
(nftvrwanU Viscount Gough) [q, t.1 di 
the first Sikh war, and wa» sovt-ral 
ffientioned in the despatches. Un 3 
1816 he obtained the brevet rank of uuijnr, 
and in the following year he ruciiivtil ihe 
Indian medal with three clasps. On '2 A 
16B0 he attained the brevet rank of " 
tenaDt^colonel, and on :^3 April 1852 
rerimenlal rank of major. 

West was sent to ihii Crimoa in 1 
was prewnt at the luittle nf Ink<Tinan 
commend of a wing of the 2l6t fnailiera, 
initiiit>-4l thi' attack on ihr battvrr on 
Hill which is believed to have led 
General I>anueiiberB'8 retreat. On 28 
1^4 lie reci'iYiid th.; army rank of coloi 
On 18 June 1866 he commanded the 
in tho iinauMeiMful assitiiU. made against 
wi'tt flank uf tile Uedan, andafirr tbedc 
of Sir John Campbell n8lfi-lBa5) [^^. 
he assumed the commaiM of tbo attack, 
the anme year he received the Oriim 
UL'dal with four eUspe, and on 27 Julv 
madi'C.B. On 24 July ISfiO he obta 
thn loT-al mnk of major-general. On 2 A 
1856 he waa made an olficer of the 
ofllonmir. lie also received the military 
mediU of Sardinia, and was made a kiught 
of the third class of the Medjidie on - Manh 
18-')8. On -29 *>e\. IHU he became a major- 
Keneral; on ^4 Feb. 1809 he i^ucckmImI his 
father as sixth Earl l>o La Worr; and on 
20 May 1871 hw was crvaled K.C.B. (to 
30 Sept. 1871 he was appoint<Kl a commi»- 
btoner to carry out the abolition of purch 



liel 



.8b« 



No 





West 



319 



West 



inthearmT. necontnitied saicideat Cun- 
bridga on 22 April 1873, He *»» unmar- 
ri«d, aiidww«ooc*edeH by liisbroihrr Kfgi- 
nftld Windeoir Seckrille, aerenth earl. 

[Doylv's OlficinlBarooag*; O. C C^okA^ne]'* 
Feenge; King;lakc'B JnnupD of the Crimea; 
AanJUg. 1873. ii. 46] E. I. O. 

WEST.SiB EDWARD <1783-l828),cco- 
ntmiinf ,th*' son of BftlcWn Wwt of St. Mary- 
lebonci, Middli>«eJ[, was born there in 1?^, 
MBtriciiljilinu from L'nivcrsity College, Ox- 
ford, on Mav 1800, ho grodiiatvU h.A. in 
]804,pioceedi)dM.A.ial807,aQd«-iiiSele«t«d 
fellow of lii.i colloge. Called to lliu bar nt 
tbc Inner TeiDplv in 1S14, h«waa aiipoint«iI 
recorder of Poniliay, and prDinoWa to lite 
offi™ of cUief justice on SDt'C. 1H*>3. IIuww 
kiiiglit«i! on it July 1 1*^2->, and died ftt Bombay 
in jVueiiBt- 1S28. ' 

In im."> West publidliod *An KaMy on 
tbe Applicntioii of C'ufiilal to Loud,' with 
obser^'Bli'irix t<Iioui)i(( the impolicy of any 
greiil rMTrirtion of tlio im^wnatiou of com, 
and tbat tlio Ixmnty <if 1((«8 did not lower 
tho price of if ([.nndon, 8yo), In wliitih lio 
clearly stated Ihe Inw of diiDiniinbin^ rrl urcm [ 
and (LUticipBt«d Rteardo'fl theory of rrni. 
Tlii: law of diminishing retiuTuwafl»tiff(t«>Bl«d 
to him by the evidence g^Ivcn before llif corn 
committcL-a of 11)13-14, and it is probable 
that ' ibv fonu in which' that doctrine ' wn« 
KiibwifUi-iitly taught and thc> phniAt^olopy in 
whichit ■«aai'ipre»t'd'((."4SXAX)«rvI«ra«^Iy 
due to liim. When Kicardo publisboJ his 
• PrinrJples ' in 1817 ht- Btatisl that MalthuH 
and Weet bad ' prvinliid to Ibe world nearly 
at thcwime moment the true doclriiio ofrt'nt' 
(I'ritciples of Politiral Fr/iaatny, Vn-fnei). 
W'est al«o piibltMkod ' The Price of ("oni and 
Wagt-e of l*ttboiir, with Observntioni upon 
Dr. Smith's, Mr. nicardoA, and Mr. Mal- 
tbus's DuctrioM upon thoec fJubjeclH, n.n<J an 
Atlt'mpt at an Exnoaition of the Causes of 
th(! yiuctualiona uf the Prwo of Corn during 
the last thirty year*,' I^ondon, 1826, Bto. 

[Tinifo. 29 Jan. 1H3S: MeCuUoth'a Lit. of 
Political Rcnnuuiy, pp. 33, '8; Bouiir'* Mallbns 
Rtid hi« Work, \-\). i-ii. 234^3, 2iO; CaanBii's 
IliJit. of the Th«)ri« of Production and Dirtri- 
buLiun. pp. lfi7-60. 172. 2«*-fl. 278-80, 317- 
330, 310. 57*-fi.] W. A, 8. U. 

WE3T,FKANCIS(16e8-ie33P>. colonist, 
born on :.'8 (Jet. I0S6, woa the fourth but 
second snrviving son of ThnmuWivr, second 
ur ■•leventh baroD I>e I.aWarr, and hi* wife 
Anne, daughter of Sir Francis Knollysfii.v.] 
TiiomasWcnt, Ihini or Iwt-lfih Imrun lie La 
Warr [o,T.1, was his elder hrother. Francia 
pRK^eded hu elder brother to Vir^nia, ac- 
companying Chriatopher Newport [q. v.] on 



hia yoj*g« thither about July 1009. He 
waa elected a member of the council in 
August 1009 (Cnl. .State Pitpm, .\mer. and 
"VV'eat Indiea, 1 ii74-1 t!HU, p. 8), and waa eooa ' 
iiiTolfed in a quarrel witb Captain Johal 
Smith (Krf«)-1R3I) '<|.v.], wlio i« wiid 
have connpired with Powhattan to killWe 
Smith was, however, appreliended and 
to England to nni>wer for \i\t TDi»rb>ineanouTatl 
f^lv in 1010 \^'est paid a visit to England^ 
but he returned toVirgiaia in the same year, 
and iu lOlif Hucceedeu George Petty [q. v.j 
6A commander at Jamestown. He waa pro- j 
bably also a member of the council, and was' 
one of thoao who in IRIO petitioned thai a 
nobleman abontd be appointed governor 
' HUt'b as had been the late Lord Dn LaWarr* 
(//tV. MSS. (V,(w»n.«th Ren. ii. 33). 

On 2l> March IO-JI-2 (he Indians billed 
two men on his pIsntAtinn at W'eatover; be 
had another plantation at Slierley.so named 
from his connection with the Shirley family; 
both am on the James Hivcr. In November 
162U West was appointed admiral of New 
England by the NewKiiglaud council, ond 
bin iiintruciiona WHri* drawn iiji by ^ir Ki-r- 
dinandodorgps rn-v."] Henceforth nc divided 
his lime betwi-eii Virginiii nnd NewKn^Innd, | 
and it is irappfibahJi'lliat he was the Captain 
West who iu July 16^3 convoyed a Spanish 
chin from Leith to the Downs and waa al- 
taeknTl bv the Dutch ((».4tb Rop. p.2t*2). On 
22 Mnrcli 1627-8 he received a cotninissioa 
as governor of Virginia {Cat. Staff Pupers 
Dom. Addenda, 1026-49, p. 272), an offio 
which be held until 6 March 1028-9, when 
John Pott was chosen hia euccessor. In ihat 
v'arWtrst visiti-d Knglnnd.and opposed Lord 
ttaltimore's project of founding n colony 
within the limits of Virginia. lie bad r» 
turned to Virginia bi-fore December 103t|^ 
and attended council there until 11(33, the- 
date of the ln«l undoubted reference to him. 
Tliero is a tradition iu the family that he waa 
drowned. 

Jo any cnsu there is little ground for the 
idi^ntlBcalion, NugM>Ated by Sir. Alexander! 
Brown, of the colonist with iho Colonel] 
FK»NCiaWl!»T {it. Iftr>2) who was captain 
the blurt regiment of trained banda raised bj 
the ward of Bread Street, All Ilallows, com-l 
manded tbem on the expolit ion to01ouce»ter' 
and Newhury in 10J4, received a commission 
OS colonel from ICssex, and on 6 Aug. waa 
recummi;nd('il for promotion to toao {)ott 
worthy of hia mt-rit. lln was afterwarda 
employed by tbe committee for compound- 
ing, and oti 2 M nv 1 114 *i was made li<-iileiia»t 
of the Tower of l^ondon. He died early in 
August 1653, ajid on the filh the officers of 
the blue regiment were granted leave To atr 



l_ 




mm .rfB fafart 



Aim fWuB m<l mm aia dMCk 4a S Dkt. 

antlXMr .t)tim>TiilRA.Cm 

Rb MTwrf - - ' :aam is A* «■■, ^li 

•f MB. .IbMC 173» Ita 

Ktnly wImw (#*t* Jsfaww) 

ML AM MMV Lnwn«\ Be ■ 



iTsi, ira^. i.Tni. .«**>, 

P"L jg^ , i BMf I by 

rtii ■■■iiiriii— irrpM r i 

-^tlfsud PCm».* UTVL Uo I ami tt^ * laNUaMB 
' 'TTiM-rtf -Y— iirrr Brhw^iliri^' 




noartt Mb bi AgtiL IZ»ft !■ «w ai^ 
oalyaMi JMtf Bk I7SL 



l«l 








WM mMfwhiA nrtmNto wvw Pwi,was bn 

fit 1747 Wm MUiA^ at DsUn im 
'ina«rvaitMMrfn tKo B«>«M«CJnB,* • vioA 

whkb Iwaicnn wll ItnnwB tad pmeorf fer 
hm tiM Oirrrti ,i0f[T^ .4 Uf.L. (X> Mordi 
l74Hj. Mr I^«I^.StflphMi<fii9/U7:bMyA/ 
^n fA* JiiffM^'alh f'rntmry, i. 01 J donibea 
th* hroh M ' * nuv«i tvcanrit'iUtion of tbe 
'mlimr^ aryummt' in wfiieb (ba TAritnu 
narr«livpi,aft«fbwliKbafiooaiMd,wtnU«d 
HA ihv ■fcrsdnff loMinoo]' ol cy»*wjtBMia 
wbOM ^"(mI fbllh U proi-ml by Uwtr mS*- 
Ibm. TIw Imok Munvd ■ fawth oditiOD ia 
Ifin. I.tiff .Kjiii.>u WBf* dalvd 1787, 1786, 




W 1- HI 

GaBtpvOadM.* 
B< la» —d ■■■uiiijii 

ITaOL Iair^lb»m 

baK BB, ud tlniHt^ « iv 

niMd BtekM on 3/)00t Ui 
£1 Jma. 1737-8 Iw km >i<»itteJ u IJa- 
eob*> lai. Bad tmk wf him loidian tbffi. 
Math Uur ■ Ui cnecr W ««• eSddlf 
eoaMCted vkk tb» Inacr ToBple, beiii 
eketad « beackr la 1701. rcadw is I^T, 
•adircaMnf ia 17W. 

West ia carif HCe faaad jolaoe fiocn k* 
ia Um fltadr of aaliqaitifs aad >fi<iam. lb 
WM vUctad FJLa on 23 Nor. 17dS. aclcd 
aa th« treaaorer of the aocwf t frois 90 Nor. 
1730 to 90 Not, 1768, and aa iu fnddoA 
trom the latter dau oDiil hia dcatb. Ha 
becaiaa FJSJL on U March 1726-7. and on 
l» Feb. 17:!8 9 waa elaeted a nwaber of 
tbf ripsMinf Societx- 

At ibe gtmerml electioQ in 1741 Weft mt 




West 



33> 



West 



retunwd to parliftnifni for tlio venal boroasU 
of St. Alliaiia in IlerifoMsliin*, luitl ma bar 
it iLutiL tliu tliiieitlutiDti in 17ilS. Fnitn that 
year uulU hi.i lituitli lir- ivprpf>^nti>([ lii« mn- 
etitueocy of Bgroiigbbrid^ in Yor^jhLre. 
lb wa« appoinl«<l joint aerr^tarr to t!i«> 
aneiny in 1711, iiiid tidd tliat offioe iinti] 
176?, whi>n bis {ntma the Uuke uf N«w- 
ca«tld obtaiacd fur him a pension of :.',000/. 
per anpuui. Many of h'u wtlvw «rv nuioug 
tho Nctrcaitlo manuAcnplA at the llrtliah 
Huwnm. I'Vom 1740 to 177^ Lu was rc- 
cordorof Poole (Sydexhasi, f^i^ir, p. 2iiH. 
On ') April ]7-j8 L« btsMiine ivcordsr of St, 
AIImuik, and frotn '2^i Nor. ll'/i he wnc bi(;b 
fitewam of tluit borough. Thn c«nntrT acAt 
of W«»twa» at .■Vlscott, I'reBton-on-Stoiir, 
Gloueeatetshirp, nnx] hiit lown hoiinu waaat 
the vrest vnd of tha I'iaxza iji Kinc Siroet. 
Covent Garden, Tluiro hf ^tbciL<d uraumt 
him a man-elloua iibmrr and curioniLiua of 
all kJEids. Hi- divd oil :.MuIy 1772. InlT^IB 
he niam(>dtNirah((f. 17M1,<IauKlil<^ran<l,on 
tho d(-ath of her only brother, hifirMn of Sir 
Thuiuiui Sturunii, timber merchant nt South- 
wark &U(! of IClthaiu in Kriil ; uHth lii>r hc^* 
had a Inixu fortunei in housea at Rothir- 
Iiithi'. Thny hiid iMiiu u «uii, Jamea {d. 
I79o), and two dau^hterri: Harah (d, ISOl), 
tho wifo of Andrew, »(>cond and laat lord 
ArcW; and Ucnrieita (J. )H\r,), 

\V«Bl revived, ."Miys Dihdin, tin; 'love of 
black-letter lor« mid of Cs-tloniau typo- 
graphjr' {Bibliomania, 1876, pp. 876 H4, 
wh«r« a siuaniarT of hia libnLry is givra). 
Uia manuacripcs, includin); many whii^h hnd 
previounly betoii^ed to Hi»hou Kciinvlt, wore 
sold to Lord Sbelbume. and now form imrt 
of tlivLnnedowni.- uiiuiuju:ripieut tliu llrititth 
Mo^um. The total niiIU>«d by lh<i imln of 
his bo^jks, which occupied I^nglord twenty- 
four diivM in ^lurch ninl A[irit I77't, tvtu 
3,927JL If., and the prin-s njijx'ar nt tlio 
prawnt timv very low; but Horace Walpole 
thotig^C ihat lb(? boolia were ' acHing oiit- 
ragwoualy' {Lrti^rf, ed. CunDinghuin, v. J-'jO). 
Goiin^li Dou^it many of tho itemH, particu- 
larly thoae with K.«iui>>tt'a annotmionB, and 
thry nflcrvvards went to the Uodleion l-i- 
brary (.*^ie Vat. by SumiiL-I I'alwrsuii), The 
•ale of the prints and dniwiiiLTM limited thir- 
tfivn days, ihu cuin^ and mi'dulfl seven iaji, 
botli lit)giiiiitri|{ on 19 .Tun. IT'.*!. TliP plato 
and curioaitiea took s>ivfn dava from :J7 Teb. 
1773, and iht- piciurw, willi olhflr coUec- 
iiona, four days from ^51 IMarch. Horace 
WaljioU rc<:orua that tho prinia sold for a 
■ frantic auni ' ( ih. v. 4.tH), 

\\'i»t Krvatly ojuti.stvd Jaaius Uranfrvr 
fq. v.l in his biu^jrapbicul work on ]>ortrait« 
(cf. Ueuxoeb, Ltttert, l»05, pp. 33-6). U« 



eubBeribud for Heamo> books, f^vo him ft 
plate for Domerham'a ' Ctlailoobury ' (1727), 
and oAflisled in Walm Hetuingford'a 'His- 
tory of Kdward I, II, and ill,' 1731 (cf. 
BBYiraBj, Hettituta, i. tffi-Ol). 

(Qeui.Mii^. 177^ p. 34>'1.171)0i.-*>S: Fortcr'a 
Alumni Oxou. I'lS-lSSA; Ctwko'a Booehera 
of Inner Trmplo.n. 7G; AitmiMionsut Linralu'* 
Inu, i. 145 i NicliolaV Lit. Ani'olotns, li. 160, 
468-9. iii. 81», r. 2M-8. 35t)-l. I2tf. vi. 119, 
S14-0, 612-3. is. n.i7; Nioiiols'a Lit. IlloiLnt- 
tiuEi>, iii. 701-2, ir. lo'J. 166. 789.94, vi. 701 ; 
Welil'd H.jyril .*toc. u. IP. JiC. 559-flO ; Bloro'i 
Katland. iv IQl ; Biirkoa T^indrd Ornlr}-. 4th 
•J. ; Noteii tuid Queriea, 2nd our. zl. 10U2, 163. 1 

W. P. c. 
WEST, JANF (17.W-lS.Vi), nuthor, v^-aa 
bom on SO April 1758 in thfl building which 
aft^rwurcli* becami' St. I'aiil** Coff'-f-houw, 
liondnn. Whftn aho waa pbiven vftars old 
hiT Hither removed to ]>e8boiuugIi in Xor- 
thamporuhiR-. She wait cnlir^-ly mlf-edu- 
cated, and begun to write versi; at thiri«eB. 
In a irstter to Uishop I'l^ro-, dstitl 180U, sh« 
said. ' Tho catalogue of luy comiJunitiutia 

SiroTiou* to my attaining twenty would bo 
orinidablc. Thouaanda of Iini^ flowed in 
very eimv nittnuurf. I Bcurned correct imi, and 
nuvnr blotted' (Xil'how, Literarij Illuitra- 
/j<i'f«, viii. 3:it>-3l), Shi' miirriril Thomi 
West, a yeoman farmPT of XonbnnipfoDshi 
I£e was related to \'iL'e-admirftl Templu Weat 
[q. v.] and to Gilb-rt WV^t. [([. t,1 Hia 
mat«ma1 Ance»>torshAd h«*on Tv^tor^ ni Little 
Bowden in an unbroken chain for 160 veara 
(cf. Gtnt. Mtij/. 18^3, i. 183 >. Mrs. "VVeat at-, 
tended to thu Uouai^bold and dairy, but wa«' 
by no means in thu lowly position fiometimcs 
attributvd to h^■^ (cf. S'K'iiols, LHnrary 
Uliutrnfiont, Mh. m-M). Before IHUO aba_ 
liiidpubliiilR-dahalf-doxL'uvoluuv£uf poeoDl^ 
two Imfji'difi", Q compdv, and two noTtl*,^ 
'Tbo AdvuntarcH of I%ducati»a; <v thej 
Hiotiiry i>r MnniL AVillinm-' ft'i^-i^ 2ndedit.i 
lt*03),and' A Talo of the 'Hmeit' (1799V 
In IWlO she wrote to Percy, tutkinff ajm to] 
recommend her works to roaclers, in ordar] 
to enable bvr to make b«tler provition 
for her children (i£. viii. 326-7), He k~ 
Kpondud with a warm ooumendatory nsvicw 
ui thB ' Uritish Critic' {\m\). IVwy told 
how her novels wcru jireiitly in demand at 
the ihn-i! i:irculiitiit)i libritni-H of IIri|;htoii 
(ef. Gmt. Maff. lA^i. ii. lOO). In IWJl eha 
publiEhi.>d in three volumes some ^ifying 
• LeitXTS to a Yonnff Man.' Thr-ywepe r^tly 
addrebsed lo h«r son, and were dedicated to 
her friend, the biahop of Promorv. A ePCon<l 
edition appeared ihu next year, and by 181S 
the bonk w&a in a aixtb. It was also in IbOi 
that she begun a curruepondeocu with Mrs, 




West 



33« 



West 



S&rab Trimmer [q. r.] (cf. lift and Writ- 
«u« eT -tf rv- 7'Wmnu>r, 1625, p. 429). In 
1806 ftppea»d in two Toltim<.>fl & »imil«r 
seriea of ' Letters to s Young I^dy.' It waa 
d«dknteil la th^ auces, who in 1 7tffi had, on 
liu tdvic« of a bisliop, purcbas«l Mr«. Wmi's 
•owkIIt moral novi^U and plavfl (cf. fi^nt. 
Mag, 1790, u. 1128). The youn^r lady to . 
wbom the letlmt wen nddruM-d wan MU« 
MauBwU, whodind in hi-r twenty-fifth year, 
14 Au{t, 160^. A t^cond edition, in thnw 
Tolum««, WBA puhliHlivd the same year, and 
a. fourth edition in IHI 1. 

In 18IU Mrs, W'vtX paid a visit to Dro- 
morc. Jler husband ditKl on U3 Jan. 1823. 
H«r laat publication, ' Itingrove, or Otd- 
foilitonvd Notionv,' a novel in two tdIuidus, 
apiwuTwd in IU!^7. In the introduction ahe 
fttatca that itho lh writing '^>"i after a 
■ilcnC''* 'if ten renni. Ili^r iltNith 1X)ok placfl 
on I'A March TKiV^ at Little Rowden. 

Mrs, Wi'Bt'» houpIb aro W'ttpr than hfr 
poems, and hr^r poi^ma are better than her 
plavs. Mi«» 8eward, however, praises her 
pootnsbul flndihiT Irogiidy ' Kdmiind'cotd 
and declamatory (cf. LetUrr, iii. 113, 13^). 
Urs. West's poems were largely inspired by 
Gray, and her proie writinin te^tilied to a 
lialiwil of the n«w ideas of Mary \\'olbIone- 
craft and hur achuul. 

Olh>?r wnrlcM by Mn. West (many isaued 
anon ymoualy) are : J . *Miac«'llaneoua l'oem,«, 
Truiii^latiotui, Slid Imitations' l"80. 2. '.Mis- 
«.lliirii-<iii»IWtry,'t780. .T 'Tliftllnmoiiw 
of]trighthidni!4tDne: a Vmm,' 17H& -1. 'Min- 
cellaneous IWins and n TmK«dy [railed 
'Edmund'].' 1701; other editions 1757 and 
180*. C. 'The Gowip's Story.' 1797, 2 vols. 
d.'EIegyonT':dmiindB«rk(','l7W. ".'Poems 
and I'laya [including a second and a third 
tragedy, called reepcctively 'Adela' and 
'Tfio l^in«tru!,' and u comtidv, * JIow will it 
end'],' I7«tf-I806,4 vols. '«. 'The Inildel 
Father: u NovpU" 1802, 3 vols. 9. 'The 
Mother: a Vmva tit Itvu books,' m>0; 2iid 
edit. 1810. 10. 'Thelteruwil: aN'nvtl,* IPIO. 
3 vols. II. 'TiiB lyoynlists: *n hiuUirifjil 
Novel," IftlL^ 3 vols. li>. 'Select Transla- 
tion of the Beanlios of MaHillon,' lul:^. 
13. ' Aliciit de Lucy, an historical romance.' ' 
181-1,4 vols. 11. ' Script iinl£iuav8adnpti!d 
to the Holy Days of llio Church of Eiig- 
land/ 1810, 3 Tok; uiiuther edition, 181/. 
She was for many years a couCribuCor to tb*! 
' 0entleman*8 Sfaf^osine.' 

_ [Allihonc's Diet. iii. 2652; Nichols's IlliLsln- 
tions or Lit. paraim ; Hollcott and Ijunft's 
Aaonytnmif ami IVudtniyni'Oos LiL; Itfiiiss's 
lUgintor of Living Autlinrm, 1 804 ; niker's Bio- 
Itraphin Dminntioi. 1812; Gout. Mit^. 17119- 
1862, pftssim.j £, 1. 




WEST. JOHN, first Eakl De La W4 
(16U3-l7(IU>,boni on 4 April \mA, wasna< 
John Wett, sxtb (or flfteentb) buon De Ia 
Warr of the second cr««tion, by Maifarel, 
daughter and heir of John Freeman, SMT* 
ctiant, of I^ondon and Wcttmioetar. Or 
waa deaceiided from Tbom&s \Ve«t, thitdar 
iwtlflh baron Ue La NViu-r [a. v.] On Ui 
rctum from his travela in 171: ha wM 
nomitiated etoodud-beftrer of tlie band c/ 
l^-nlIt>Ri«n p en t i o ne ra, and on 18 A«|[. wis 
appointed derk-extnardinaij of the [riiy 
ooonciL He was returned to parliameat u 
member for Oramponnd in Cornwall oa 
:t7 Jan. 1711-19, and in April of tbe Mat 
year waa gatetU-d guidon and Gnt major of 
the first iroop of horse guards. Two ytao 
later,Dn 24 Dee. 171T,he became lieuteiuai- 
eoloael, and in tiio followinf; vear wu mtit 
verdererof Windsor Park, ifesuocmdedta 
the peeraf^ as Eerenih (or sixteenth) B«no 
DeLaWarrinl7:?.1. (>n3 Jua« I72dhe«ra( 
named lord of the bedchamber to Oeoi>t<r 1, 
and on tbe n.'vtv&l of th*^ order of the Ba;b 
in the same vetirwo.^ created a knight, lie 
was sworn of the privy council to June 1731. 
on beoomins treasurer of tbe hous«bold. Il« 
held that omea for «x ye«ra. In March I73B 
be was sent on a ipecial miaaion to Sax- 
Gotfaa to conduct tne Prineen Aufiula u 
Kti^'land, where shewaa to manr Fredeiidi, 
prince of Walea. Thev landed at Grvpo- 
wich on 'lo .\pril. Lord llervey thought tliat 
no fitter selection could have been nudeb) 
disarm thu jealousy of the prince, and that 
a moR' unpoti«hed ambjuMador for such u 
occasion could not hare been found in any 
of tbe Ooth or Vandal courts of Oerrasny. 
On 2 July of the following year De La Warr 
ivns appointed captain-general and gornrvir 
of Xew York and New Jersey. Ttut he did 
not leave ICngland, where he had tot book 
time begun to take an active part in puUir 
aOiiirv. lu Fvbruary 17.12 be h^d denouncad 
the rcinirodiiction of Samitr^l Smndya'a pen- 
eiun bill, which had twice previonfOy be«D 
r<^i-cli'd by Xhn lordu, a« an iiidif^iiy to the 
houM!. On \^ April of tbe followiug tmt he 
wn« chosen sprnHtT of tbe linnse of Pwit, 
during the absence of Peter King, bana 
King [q. r.], thecbancellor (lA/rdu' Jtmrnub, 
■x-K\r. 237). According tothe same aulhatitr, 
De La Warr waA in that year ■ ven,- zealous la 
the bill against Edinburgh ' which fotlovred 
the Portoous riot*. In Febniarr 1730 h« 
apohe against alh>wing counael to the peti- 
tiunera ajpiitist the rvcent convention witli 
H^iain, citing the pr<-<-rilcnl of the merchaaU 
heard against Hnlingbmk(-*it oommcreiil 
In-utywithFrance. On9Feb. l739heino»«d 
that tbe author and publisher (Paul Wl 




West 



333 



W'est 



lii'ftfl [q. v.] ftail Ilaburt Dndsley [q. v.]) j 
of a Mirire called 'Mannen' reflecting on . 
the ndminiiitmtioii abould be ordered to i 
Rtr.i-iid lit th« bar of iLe House of Lords. ' 
Thn-e dfflTs \iitfT, wlien it was proposed tliot \ 
AN'hitL'litxid Bljould hv luluva into cui^iuilv lor 
non-attendance, Lord Abingdon opposed the 
motiuu, Du tlio ^ruund lliut lii? bud aol hvvn 
Mirsnimlly flerritd with t!ii' :^ did incline. Do La 
Warr replied, mid tiie motion was agreed 
to. On 14 Mity IK" Im Worr nmTi'd Ibu 
tbird rt^din^ of n bill st^ttlin? annuitii« on 
G«orgo II'b younger children, ft wuopposed 
by Cartcrwt, but cftrTii?d by "*f to 2". 

During 17'IOaud 1741 du took a leading 
part on behalf of tile Walpo]« ministry in 
iwpcrftl di!bau:«. Tliiia oa id Feb. in tbu 
former y&nr, vben Lord UaliC«x moved that 
it WM contrary to the uf&gv of parliamQnt, 
nnd dtfrO(pilory tut lie iirivilfgi** ofllti- lloiiii- 
of Lnrda, that a. kings ine&<4age asking for 
supplies to cum- on thy war should lit* sunt to 
the commonii flinirly, Do Iji Wilit ina weigluy 
Bpeech moved tno previous quL'stion, and 
carrit-d it in tpitc of tliu oppoitiliim of Cur- 
terec and CbeslurQold. Uut iu the courtu^ 
of a debate on l^ Mnrcb of the following 
Ytiar b« ezpreued his regrvt tbut tliv lords 
\)hA given dp their rigbl to amend unmet 
bills, and his witth that it could be nurtored 
to tlii-in. In ruja-uting billn beCAiL*e tbey hitd 
been amended liv the upper hou-se, tht! com- 



mons would, in hU uuiuiun, do ^n-hat they 
liitd no right to do. llrirdwiclcr, tin- chan- 
cellor, supported hie contenlinn. In the 
coune of the satno year (174*2) sevenil 
obAnRMwoTointrodtioxl intolbepnicodurcof 
the lTou«e of Lords at De La Warr's instance ; 
and hi? procured thp rcjiMtion of a motion 
to allow poors three proxies (.•nchiPnrt.IiUt. 
x\. 040-:;, 768-76). In Macth 17-54 he was 
a second timu eloctiMl hpuoIelt during Ilard- 
wirk'a ab»«nce(/)or<JitVoum«/*, 5nviii.249). 
He showed not a littlekaowli^dgeof com- 
mi-rcinl afl'iiint. On 1 Jiiiiv 1742 lie madi^ n 
long and elaborate spei^ch (wliirh was 'nv 

Srted' by Dr. Jobnaon in the ' OenttemaitV 
Bgnzine ' ) again«t a meiunire put fom'ard 
by merchants for securing trade and nnvioa- 
tiOD in time of war. Notwithstundin)^ thut 
it paiaod the commons unauiinounly, the 
second reading wait refused in tin lordn by 
60 to 2S. On 16 Feb. 1743 hu tarnustly 
•upport^ the ministerial Kpiritiiou* Ii(j^iiurH 
Hn, which was strongly opposed byChpster- 
field and the bishops. On 7 Mav IT'U ho 
•poke at length agninat tbo bill for enUrg- 
isg the trade to the Levant. He defended 
the Turkey C'ompnnvj of which ho was 
governor, denying that they held an absolute 
mooopoly of the trade. 



Meanwhile) De L&Warrhadnot gi vnn up the 

militarj profession. Hi- commanded a bri« 
gade at the battli^ nf D)!ttingt.*n, and nibso- 
quently attained the rank of majors-Ken eral 
(March 1745), liculLmani-p.'ncrn'l (Septem- 
ber 17J7), and general of hor9e(fllarclii7C5). 
In December 1747 be was anpointed govemur 
ofTilbury, and on 29 April I * 52 ofOuemsey. 
He njoveJ the addrt^u in tlie lorclit in 1753, 
' iu as parliamentBxy a mBuni-r bh jmasibli*— 
very short iind vrry nothing,' iw lligby wrote 
to Bedford (Jr^^/ijrdCflrcMD.ii. l.V), This 
appears to tisTn V-eu Di> LnA'arr's last public 
performance. In a ' jnhiVe mamjucrado in 
the Venetian manner held at KauclaKb ia 
May 1749 (which Iloraci; Wolpolo declanKi 
to be the prettiosl spt-ctaclo be i-vir saw) 
Do LaWorr appeared as (jueen lUiiabetli'a 
porter, in u coHlume dut^ignud from a picturu 
now at llauiplon Court. At a HuHKian nin»- 
quorade at Somerset Iloiise on 6 Feb, \7hh 
hi' resumed (he chariicl'itr. Hn was created 
by Georgp HI, in Mart;h 17H1, Earl De La 
Worr andViscouut Cantelu[N>. He died on 
IK March 17tltt. A portrait of him, nftur 
J. }li^hmore, was engraved for Piue'iJ 
' Kuit-ht^ of the Hath.' Hervey speaks of* 
Lis * long, lank, awkward person.' 

De LaWaiT was twice married: first, in 
1722, to Charlotte, daughter of Donouj 
HtlcUarthy, fourth t-arl of Claucarty [q. r.J _ _ 
and secondly, in 1744, to Anne, dowager 
baruneiisAbL'rguvenuy, daughter of Nuhemiah 
Walker, ily the lirsl marriaiii- he had two 
6ons luid two daughters. Of the latter, Hen- 
rifitta iDnrriL'd Gitneral Jacin-it .lohnfitmi of t!i« 
Knni^ikilten dmg(]onB.and Diana became the 
first wife of Genernl Sir John Clarering [q, v.] 

\\\i son, Joiix WB)iiT,acciond Gabl I>b La 
Wahk (IT2!.»-I7"7), entered the army in 
174ti fls an ensign in the 3rd foot gunrds. 
Uu was fiaxetted colontl in the ormy on 
8 Mav I75W, major-gencrnl 8 March l7tJl, 
and Iit'Utonanl-gvneral 30 April 1770, Ho 
born ihe title of Viscoiitit ( antelu|>e from 
1701 till his Huoces&ion to the peerage. From 
1781 to 176H he was vicochmniberlain to 
QueiMi Charlotte, and was her maaler of th« 
horse from thut date till I7B8. He was 
named lord chamberlain iu November of that 
vwir. He diwd in Audley Square on 22 Nov, 
1777, and was buried at St. Margaret's, 
WL'siminsl'uT. He married, iu 1750, Mary, 
diiuj/Ller of l,ie II tenant-general John Wyu- 
vnrd. leaving William Augiutuf«. third earl 
il7/>7-17H.'!), ai]d Juhu llithard, fourth oarl 
(17M-17ft5). 

The fourth eari'sson, GiiofiOB Ju]i5 SacK- 
vrLi.KWKBT,flfili Karl Dr La AVAtiR (1791- 
18«9), born in Savile How on 20 Oct. 17&I, 
was educated at Harrow and Brue 



I 

th«r 




Cfedb- 

In ■ i«,kni>-3 t. .rml 'i " 'jr 

ills. 3«d i^na had 

Tt«na^ iQ ?Co««afe«r IMS 

U« Tvn. lis <4 "^-pK |fl*l, 

fFwtmmmrliBM (4 JIm» IMP 

iHmI air BiwliSiiiw T^iR. fwiu» aw^^ 

..lAafcfftMr..- 
l«edMM/ Brrtm iifl iiw iM ii takaidw iii f i 
tv'K)** i/Ub««>' liiMwiiii-nfcT^ I 



tpr 1^ it 4m1B(. ^ ly ii I ly W. 

tMlQ' "Wfcw IT 

M iMT ffwn i^ibr, wMi r^niadv m far 



thm tmwr ra.1^ 
•1. r T, InsMelf » 

I ttt _ 

■-: — ■! I— aAMMi 

:a*. nd IK una .IB :£S^ . 

U wTTd iai r «■• iq^acamA i* tti' 
Ooon IB tW ^iK« b£M. ^ 
LIW «w |MM« to Hh ao- 
'niiwlfci Ami twr TO 1>- 




■WMWl -•■" - ■'■■' — 

«Ht. mmHm : H«fT*y'»y— aim UM, &, 
H fli. I'M: V«Iiwl-'« Irf*****. ■>t ~ 
K. M9*.. m, m*. 419. ftc; Brm^CbL 
^MtniH; MrkofMlM «ttffk Kaon* £A'<if 




Krtm^ff. W- JO: > j r w f» WoTlB^ IMO, pp. 
ted M.. BsM'd &Ml. EcgLftanJ 

Wwt [%. w.lmA, IbftMfh Ua maAMMhv, 
mnmui^mifm m AdnrimI ffir John Bahlif 
fii.T j Hi- f«J>«, CoPiBol Wwt, wmIIm 
M«orid 6WMla of WUlitB Piu Ua jooDfv. 



AMrin Md Wat bfiM^ laaa-T^Ti*- 

St-tuf.) Wot aAri fna tba Ilowu a 



Ik* dm 



Ik* An ChoBh «■ 17 Aw. ISW, uul lit* 
IT Kntk IMB-ra A Imt bmbUm UMr 




West 



335 



West 



thoy tmgan to nettle Aaliluv Kiver, »« the 
new pluttalion was calletl, uid Charles 
Town, tli6Ml« of which wwi inih«i^u«ntlv 
remoTud {1670-80) to (lyster Point. Wefi. 
tboagb he hod no exp^nence as * a planter,' 
took ft Iflftding part in thp cotHuct of nSaini 
•a deputy for tb(^ ftovernor, Williato Sajle 
[q. T.], whom Imlth was breaking up. 
s«i>-le diixl on 4 March 1071. whereapon 
Watt wa* unaaiin<)»L*lv cliMea poTemor by 
the coloiiinl coimcil. lu (hv fullowinir De- 
crmWr Hir John Yeacnanii [q. v.] claimed 
the govcmotship on the Kfouud tbat be had 
beea roadit a ' Iniidgrere ' lij the proprivton'. 
Tlift connril cxprt'Siwd ihemfiflvca «o well 
aalieJiod with tn*? administrrttion of Wert 
ihal lliiy rcsolviNl not to dr.-*ttirb hiin in his 
go^i>niui-ut ; but ahorlly afterwards an es- 
prcrM nnmincilian of Yi-amaDs to lliti post 
arrived fMiii KnErland. and in this the oolo- 
nUts uM|iii<^Kitl. West waa at thu same 
time appointed 'nirtetiTofiUL wriliugs and 
docuinenlH.' Hut iMiraaiui proved popular 
neither with thft settli^rs nor witli the pro- 
prietors, ilia hi'jiUli wan fiM'lili;, hv wiw ina- 
pfcted of arario! in priTato tnulinff, snd 
early in 1071 he retired to Barbndoe, leaving 
thu Hfki c\«tT for \\V»t. to whom tlm prn- 
prtetO'rfl on 18 May 1074 aeot a patent to 
bo liindgravfl and a cammiMion to btr pfo- 
vurrtor {ib. p. &7B). His salary woa 100^ 
aa KOvernor an<l 00/. as utorv-keeper. The 
new ffav^mor'a administration tvna mnrlci'd 
by 'caru. tideUty. and prudi-nci*.' lie ob- 
tained dr^U of tranafcr of lands from In- 
dian chiefs, made n'Kulatiuna rvsporting the 
mililtu, nmdi*, tlit? atatua of ttrrvanta and 
BlaTBB, and in his last parlianeDt vt May 
lOSSpaaaed 'act4 for ouppn-Minj^ iiUi-nt-Hn, 
dmnkennma. and profiinity.' In tU« »inie 
vear vros commenced the building of the 
English chnreh in Chariest To\vii ; hut the 
utmoft tolerance was rfxt«nd«d to the di»- 
ieaters. who comprised the larfter part of tho 
population. Wf»l v^oa rL-uiovvd from the 
irovenior»hip towards the close of It*:*, 
n&Tinjtf it is suppot-ed, incurred th« dis- 
pleuur» of the iin)i>rii>tnn> by permit ting the 
sale and Iranaport of Indian slares non 
Carolina lolo other coionics. Uii dianunal 
«aa Boon rcf(wi(<'d, nnJ in September 1684 
be was reappoiutt^d governor; but for pri- 
vate rt>aaona he roiled kia poat and left 
the colony iu the summer of 106{^. It is 
supposed that Im visited London, where he 
Bemns to have left bis wife [tb. p. 166), and 
that 1m notumed eventually to hi* Mtate 
upnn the Ashley River; but nothing isknown 
definitvly of his later career. 

[Cnl. 8Uita Piipeta, Atneriea snd WestTndiM, 
1669-74. ed. Sainahiii?, paasin, tacorporatii^ 




ih* StttSitAnx^ FnpFrK, bri»flj dtsrrihed io 
Iliat. SIS8. Cumm. 3rd Kop. App. pp. S1S.17] 
Winsor's Hist, of AmsHn, ISltf, r. 308; Ouu 
roll's llist. Cullecliotu uf Sonth Carolina, Kev' 
York, 1836, vol. ii. possini ; Rirvr*'* Sketch of 
the Uiftory of South CaroIinA.ChiirlHton, 1856, 
chAps. iv. r. and vi. cootmuing the brst nnrra- 
tiru of Waal's gorerDorship. ] T. S. 

WEST,MWL.AS(1401-1.-A3),biehopof 
Ely and diploinatiit, won honi in litil at 
l*mnoy, Surn'y. His father, John Wcet, is 
alleged by llalrhor and all siibo^uent bio- 
graphers to hove been a bakor at l*utney. 1 1 .> 
wiw t-duMilfd at i^toQ and became scholar of 
King's Colliyi-, Cambridge, in 1477, tMung-, 
elvcti'd fellow in I JS^. Wood, on llalche^il 
authority, ha'* « story, which ItobTiouelyan 
exagfferoiionofsoiaocolli^di«nirbaneo,that 
in connection with an eWtkin to theprootor- 
abipofthcuttivDrvity he set fire tothf provost's 
lodgings, slote mme nilvxr vfiooas, and ran 
ftway ii^ym ihe college. As a matter of fact 
he htld his felloniihii) till the close of 1408, 
regularlr took his drgrry* in arts, and bM 
came l.L.I). before 14^, when be was ad- 
mitted archdeoonn of Derby (Le Nkvk, 
J-htti, t. 677). In 1400 he woo presenrea 
by Uiclianl Voxo [a. t.\ bishop of Durham, 
to the rectory of Ecglesdifle ; but at this 
time he must havo been in deiicon's ordi 
nnly, for on IS April IBOO Thomiw SavL, 
[<]_. y.], bishop of London, onlain^d liim 

I.rift8t. He retained Eggi.-«cliif(> until lus pre- 
ermeDttoabishopriciul^l't. InlAUl.upoa 
oooasionof a dl<tpiit« betwwn William SquIIlI 
or Smyth (M(k)«-1.M I) fq. v.l. bishop of 
I.incolii.ntid the knights lioopilallvrs, relative 
to s jurifidiction claimed by tbo knights in 
Ihw iirclideaconrv of Leicmtvr, ^'«et acted ui 
counsri for the IfnJghts (CnrRTOir, Life o/' 
Hith^ Smtffi, p. lyft). This perhaps intro- 
duDM him to the nottc<t of Biiliop Smjth» 
who presfiiU'd him la 1502 lo the rectori 
of Mitney in Oxfnnlshire, a living wbiel 
hi) ulw retained till hii^ Mcratton to tl ~ 
bench. Hodwiii states that he was 
rector ofElford, near I johlicld. In th^aania>1 
vear (lW2^ he wus sItIihI dioplain 10 
king (Ky«KH, Fa-rlera,' xii't. Jti). 

In Fose West had founu a powerfiil 
patron. Fokr controlled th>* forvitni relations 
of the country-, und on 1ft Not. IfiOU ap- 
pointed y\'«M as junior colleaguu of Sir 
Thomas Brandon [q. r.), ambassador to thn 
Emperor SJaximiliJiii (i6.) In ]504 we find 
WbM a member of the hin^'i) council, for ho 
appears xiltinp-ns such in t ho Star-chamber 
upon the occasion of ii decree dalod 26 Nov. 
1&04 which settled thn (Minfiioting relations 
of Tha inerrhi\ntj) of the (.tiipV nnd the mer* 
chant adveoturt-n (Chdbtu.s, I^e fjf Biakof. 



i.K 



West 



rir». CAM wmAm wim tt mgititr 
TWiirf«MMt ^ Amwrntw-wm to 

B« u, Eut av Smou] br Uw 

12S). Is ISOB W«il «M «a» flT the eaa- 
MMiiaMB vW MftHiilail s uitcy of 
Mm wilk tU N^lteriMHfti M bi 
to EMlMltkaK (CWMkaowi 
H the *iuveaMM ■■!«.* 

Om 10 Ma; fiiOtvaff tU> WOfinl 
nrcH* VoM neoivvd aMtfaa- ili|tBMilic 
MJ^iii t^k w m takt iha wtlictinn 
«f» traty of ■»»■«■ bc«««a B«i7 Vn 
Md MnfuK of SaToj, act«r ol PkOif^ lda« 
arOMkab(A.xnL19ev 1Wtnur*«^« 
feal M anctic*! nmmiL, WM e u al m t J at 
VftDuklid on T3 Jalj 160S, Wm« b«i^ 
BtBtW tt (A. lui. lUV In thi> documaDt 
Wmk u Bt^ied mJidMO— of Derfcr- 

!■ ISOS Wart WW oa« of t^ oooin^ 
mmn for aenlia; ike oaadiciooa of a nar- 
nucbetinaa Cbariea. udtdolw of Aastria 
■ad pnao* of OuttU«, and ihe PrineeM 
llarj, daugbter of H«iry VIL TkaFleinuh 
Bobaan arrirvd ia EiwUod to oegotiat^ iht 
tnuty in Decwaber of that rear. Wert, as 
otifi of a unall duputatiua of ihe council, 
WW ^pointed to mnei tbun on tlwir wet 
(OAimaVBK, Ltthrt mvlPvmn, Kiehard III 
»ad Hunrr Vll, i. 371 >. It ia ekar from 
tltU thAt,'thouj;h lie Ktained his benefids 
and his srcbdeaoou?, be was «till about the 
court. Th* treaty was dffntd bv Ut-nrT- on 
61K«, irjOtJ(RTilBK. Fdrfcfia, xiii. 187). 

(In S Not. 1509 Wc«t received his fir« 
profiTOii^t from Hpurj- VIII, the fcrant of 
[Iw.- deanerv of St- (ieorgt^'s, Windaor (7,rt- 
tert axd l^nfr* of llmiy VIII, i. tt24 ). On 
30 June I'Ao, having: Sir Tbomu Docwra 
[q. v.], a former collea^oe. w lead«r of the 
iiu«ion,'W«t was despatched ta France for 
tho puiposa of taking the oath of Ix>uis XII 
to toe obaBCvanP* of tlw tr««ty of 23 March 
1G09 (ib. i. 1104). Af^«r VVent's ntom he 
took nn hia rastdvnco at Windsor, attd oocu- 

E'ed hinself with the oompU-tion of Si. 
forRc's Chapfl. In Siftcmbtr 1511 a 
wamint was issued for thtt payment to lum 
of '2liOl. fi>r th« VQiilting of thu l)uildin^, to 
bo n-paid by the knights of the Darter to 
tb» (-xchequer ((A. ii. p. l-15:i). 

On 8 Nov. 1511 Wwt wn» nomlnatwJ an 
ambauutW to James IV of Scotland (Lft- 
f-T« and Papers nf Ilenry Vill, i. p. 1926). 
IJo set out in November and arrived as far 




M Yoci ti». ii. p. li&S). Butlibwanir 
Mcaa b> hk«« bsM niTMted, sad Wm* wt- 
ImmIT OB4Feb.lfil3 he vaa app^Ad 
lo the s i ii ae«m oAn of rec«iv«r of petitioai 
t0 pairiaiaiiiit fntm Oaaeo'^rnR and bpTObl 
MM (iL t. 9009). On 16 Feb. li« nen^id 
ft A«u a pp otnti a n l ascoouiuaaioiMrto treat 
with SDoUaad Kir i«dr«a> of rrieTauoes ii. 
L 3007). On lo Feb. IG13 I^trd Dernsad 
Wail w«re afain appuint«d atnbaBBadanla 
arttle diflereneM with tht< Sci:>ti (i%. 3736). 
Tbtimlol^ ofUenr^ VlII vutobep 
8eMlBBdqiiwtp>>ndinchtsinTa«k«ofF^«ae« 
race Rant Vlir. Jaai«4 l\', on the olltfr 
■aadfYH wailinf the tnoment of Eaclnd^ 
eMfaanaMBent to France formally lodedut 
vw. TIm fiaal mult of Weat's amhawy 
wu tb« OOMMUon b^r Jaou* of a noma» 
■ioa to treat of the gneranoea on the boidcri 
which met. without tnuiaacting anybqui- 
Ds«,iD Juna 1513. Mvanwhile West baJ 
retamed to England, and llic fruitlenoa** 
t>f hia niaeioa was prored by t hi" invasitut of 
Bu^and br Jamwiin thn folluninc sumniFr. 

Dnriof bis scsy in Scotland «VeM bui 
aniM niiBself of the hospitalitv of tbt 
FVian Ofaaerrant at Btirlitig {A. 3J^38). Ii 
WW perhaps a cooaequenoe of this iniiaiuy 
that on SS Jan. 1&14 he w&s admitted to 
the order, a favonr recited in the deed of ad- 
miMton as (^rsnted ' on nccount of the ier* 
vices he had renderrd thena ' {A. 467^). 
That llennr VIII did not attribute thr 
failure of his nuaatDa to any rantwmeei apoo 
Wm's part ia evidaMt from the fact thu <w 
IS Aug. Ifil4 he nominated him, logelhrr 
wttli Charlea Somer&et, earl of AVoroettfr 
fq. v.], tb<* heed of Iho miseion, and hn 
fbnner colleagtie, Sir TboinaA Docwn, a ooifr- 
miMiooer to take the oath of Lvuts XII l« 
tlie IreatT of peac« of 7 Aujf. 1513 and to 
receive that •■!■£'> obligation for the par* 
mrnt of 1,000,000 crowns of eAA (A. 
633-%). Thcanibas«adonarnvcdatBoulo);Be 
OQ 3 Sept. 16U {A. 5379). pmr.'<-diii^ bf 
wayof AbbeviUtfioIVlsdA. 5391). Vtn 
oflbeir mianiun waslheceli-hrfttionbyproxy 
of the marriag<c of the Princew MarrTiN 
Mahy Of FtuscB', n\*XivT of Henry VCit to 
I^uis XII, which wafl amnnj^ thelennsaf 
the treaty of peace yib. 6fS:;), On 1 Ju. 
IM^} I<ouis XII dii-d, and We-st was sgiin 
despatched, together with Suffolk and ^^H 
ICicnard Wingfield fq. r.j, to prsaVnt^^H 
Francis I the coodobaiooa of Henry on tli^ 
deathof his predeeeaaor (I'A ii. 34, ^). 

The fruit of the diplomacy of Weat asd 
bis colleaguvs was a dvfdnsive alltanoe wA 
France, dated I^ April lAlft. This saoiiei 
to Francis immunity from intorferenoe dnr- 
mg the prosecution of his It&liaa campaiga 



1 



West 



337 



West 



(I'A. 301). West, was commissioned to receive 
from Frjinci* his oAth to the trcoiy (I'A. Xi2), 
iDcludiii^ bixoblipiiion fi>r thp pnvment of 
the million golden crowns claimed by Ilpnrr 
(wdiK-from LwuisXIUt*. ii.3a;J,42y). Tii« 
reward of West's intMion in Fr«nco was bis 
□omiiiatiua to tbe svo uf Elr through \VoI. 
at^y'a luHaturt! (,it>. 2»ri, 29S, '2m, 30.1). The 
temporal iticE of the boh wero ^ntetl to him 
on IS Mivy liiiri OS from tlie denth yf tiin 
pr?deci'*sor(KvMRR, ¥trdfra,\\i\. olOl. He 
wan consecrated on 7 Hct. (l.K Nkvk, Fanti, 
i. 341 > ai Lambeth hv Wurhsin. On 12 Not. 
be took his s^tLtin (he lloose of Lords (Z«f- 
ttrt flW i^^er/, it. list), and otKciatcd ut 
the ceretnoaios atltindinr tlio rvcupLiou by 
M'oUev of the cardUiol'A uat three days later 
(th. 1153). 

In liidfonowInifS|iriii({(lol6}'W««tlwgan 
his episcopal Tisitaiinn. The bishop wrote 
to W olfey on 4 April that he ' found »iich 
diaordor nt Kly that but fir>r tbi.4 vUit it 
could not have been conlinued a monastery 
fourjMfs' {('A. p. 173.*)). He appointH a 
now prior nud other oljicera. tio 30 May 

1516 West was unpointed lo settle t be terms 
of a treaty witii Scotland, liavioK Lord 
Ihicreonce more for hiit colleague, Thomas 
Ma^ms [q. v.], arcbdoacoQ of tht3 Koitt 
itidiiig, Gt-ina till! Ihinl {'ummiHsiuiipr {&. 
1067). NoIwithBtanding: his activity, Weat'e 
lioftlth was infirm (lA.ii. 2413). Ou 1*8 May 

1517 he. was noniiimti'd at tbti li4!ad of tbn 
commifeion to im|uiro mto inclosureii and 
iinparliiitioii" of Inn.d.cont-rarj' to the statiil*- 



?v 




was nominated a member of a commission, 
proeided over by Iho D«ke of Norfolk, \a 
»snag*! A loi^ue with Frunci- uud Ia-o X, 
and eetlle the terms of the long-deferred 
restitution of Touniui iLetUri and Paper* , 
ii. 4467). 'riii* remiltrrl in n. Ircaty of nni- 
versal peace (KTumt, xiii. Rl'l), dated 2 Oct. 
1518 (Lftfrrx and Papem, ii. 44119). He 
siloed two daya lat^r anolhor trraty for a 
marriiige between tb« IVincess Mary [see 
Mart I] and the dauphin (rt. 4475), and on 
8 Oct. a tbird troaly (lA. \\^'A) arranging a 
personal interview between the two kings. 
On ONov. 1518 Wwtwu nominati^d onu of 
fourambastjadorsto VTKnt» (lirw.v., Fmltra, 
xiii. 044). In this, as in his former embassy 
to France, tin; main conduct of m.'j{otitttioiM 
appoara to have derolved on West (Lrit^rs 
and Faprrr. Hi. 9, 1-5, tJ, &c.) To bim also 
Wolspy had .-tocriHly fntnmod the d>'licftte 
discussion of the compemation he was to 
TeMircfromrmncisfortbereiiiirnation of hia 
bUhopric of Touruni (t'A. ii. 4664), and of the 
TOL. LX. 



nuion tiibi'piiid him(iX. iii.H). On 2i Dtc, 
■Vest wiLfl, wiib th(t otlior ambiuttadors, a 
witness to tbe formal ratiflcBtion by Fraocia 
of the treaty of marriaga of Mary to thn 
dauphin (»6. ii. 4U<}9), and of other artifilca 
of treaty (li.) In the summer of \ti'2l 
W'oIkov tutniuotiL'd West to Calais to assiiit 
him in his arbitration upon thn is«iie* b«lwe«n 
Francis I aud (.liarlee V. On 27 N.iv., liow- 
«Yer, "Wolst-y, in despair of bringing the 
negotiations Coa successful iwiii4>,r4^tiiraud Co 
Kn^lnnd, nccomMuu«d by West ( C'htort. of 
Calait, pp. 30, SI). Oil 14 Aug. lni!5, in 
conjunction with Sir Thomas More, Wast 
Kttl<-d the articles of a truce batweeu Kng- 
knd and l-Vance (Lettrrf and Paper*, it. 
1570). The formal treaty, called lie 'Tn-aly 
at the More,' wiia nitifiod uflor freoiient rnn- 
ferencea ((i%. 17JIIS) on SOAng., Wwt being 
unf of thu siffnntoriea (lA. "i&h (4), IffOI , cf. 
1B17> and print-ipjJ nrgolintor (ib. 173**). 

In November and IlNiember lft27 ho sat 
in tV< chapttT-hoiise of Westminster with 
WolftPT and five o(h<»r biftlinps, and received 
the submission of Tltomaj" Uilm-y [ij-v,] and 
Thomas Arthwr (d. I53l') [q. v.], accused of 
heresy, of both of wboni be waa diocesan 
(ib. aaSQ; FoiB, AetfM atid MoiaimaiU). 
Upon the beannff of the divorce in .Inly 16^ 
West filed analndavit iuli^Iiulf uf tbtftjnefln, 
whoso diaplttin ha was. On 6 April 1533 
Cromwell wrote that the king desired Weet 
to attend the council next tonn ; * his gracs 
hod oftvu lami'niud his absence and bis in- 
finnitv' (I^tlrrji nnd Paper*, \'\, 'iV2). On 
28 .\pril 1.53a West died. HIh will, executed 
at DownliNm, is of th« same date (ib. 395), 
\n invontorv of the bishop's goods survives 
in the recora office, 

Upon matlera of doctrine, aa bis admt*- 
KLon to the Friars Observant indicates (see 
Uoy's flnliro on Wolsoy, Hart. Mi»r. ix, 45 
foil.). West belonged lo the older school of 
ecdefiiastical con.s.^rvfttisni. l*iu Fwaks of 
him as'iu dufvudcnda catholica i:de vnldo 
stn-nuiut.' DtmpilH tlui exorbit&nt demands 
of the crown, he maintained a sumptaous 
stat«i. A hiindrr-d Herv&nta were in bis pay. 
He in said by (lodwin to bare fod two han- 
dred poor daily with cooked victuals, and to 
have distributed Inrge sums of money wbt^n 
com was dear. According to Fuller liewas 
a donor of plate to bis luUege of King's nt 
Cambridge. Hl' wum bo fur a patron of llte- 
ratum that .\Iexander HHnliiy'n ' Lif« of St. 
fienrge,' printed by Pinson, wa* dwlicat«i 
to bini OR bialtop of Ely, where Jlorelay was 
a monk. Tie had a cultivated arcb)l4«turnl 
taste, and bmit a cbepel of great beauty iu 
tbc latiT I'erpendiculftr styk-, with fan tra- 
zvry, at lli« end of ilie loutb aialc of Put 



L 



p&ritli diurrh. The i^Drdi wu unfuna- 
lutelv rebuilt in 183A, snd, according to 
Biajriey, Um ch&pi>l ftotnoUy * remorea ' to 
iU pNMat litustion, north nf the clwacel 
\/Iut. «/ Surrey, l><i'A), iii. 477). At Cftin- 
briilBfl be built part oi iIm nroTotil'i lo^nga 
nt KiDg'iL. To Ulv CaclMdfat tie ailded aa 
csqauits clupal, in th« Mme stvlv. with oli- 
Uiratu c«rvt^l CAiiopwo uiil corboU 'of «-o(l- 
leuvarielj in woruouinsbip, uxi;,akaiK-,aD(] 
i1«corKtion,' now miidi clcfiic>'<l. (IriT thi' 
iliiir in thA hUUnn'! {AvnnriUi motto, '(Jrwii 
Jli'i ^^lm iil qiioil Aiim/wilb Ihu dftte Lo!U 
(O. MiLi,Bii, Dfurriptian of Ely, Sni edit. 
183-1, p. t>l). Jlere bo wae buried. On ■ 
hroM plutu WM formerly this i d script ion : 
'Of your cliuritiv pray for the loab of 
Nicholai Went, Mometf me Billiop of tbi« See, 
and for k11 Cbrurtiao Mulo*; in th« wbydi 
prav"' hii hnlli grkunbad to ei-Ary pt^raon 
*A doing -10 (lays of pcrdon for ever}* lime 
thvv Hhnll (W prny.' Ilvrv, u in hi* chApril 
nt I'uttifjf nrrt hiit aram; the see of Ely iro- 
[i«Ung argoot s cherron m, betwwn three 
rvMM ffo. ilipped rert. 

[('«!. flf Lcrtcr«nn<1 r<i|N>r!i Af llAiiry VHI ; 
ItrtiMr'M I'cnd«ni, voLxiii.; Hnlcliar'a ■nnuoon'ipt 
C«talofii« of ProTosu. Feltom, amt Scbulani of 
Kinifa Coll.; l-'oxa'a Aetaa and Mnnumenifl; 
Wood'sAlhoD»Oxon.»].Bti>ui,i>. 7US^ Fiddn'* 
t.>f« of Wvlasy. Loiiiloii. i;2« ; FuU-^i's Hist, of 
■ho Unir. of Cambric! go, t6A&,p.76; Wharton's 
Anelift Siwm. 1691. i, 8Tfl ; Oodwin, U« l-jw- 
vulibux. 1743; Pita. Da Rebiu AoglicU. I6i;i: 
VValoou's Ui»>. of Wisbech. Ih'il ; Surt(«>>'a UiRt. 
of Durham. 1823. iii. 200 ; Mnoning nnd Ittny'a 
Jli»i. uf i^um-y, 1SL4, iil 2!>2; BnyWa HiiL 
"f .Surrrjf, 18.50. iii. 477; Lewia'a Lift of Dr. 
,I<ilin l-'inlior, Hinlinp nf {(nchmtrr. 1RS5, 2 Toln, ; 
Kri'Wor"* ItuiHii oT ilwiry VIU ; Scliniin'ii Enn- 
JiiK-lin tlan<l«ixp(i1itil;, 1881; Amwa X'^^D^- 
Aaliq. ; fluai'li ■ KnRlniid untar dan Tndun, 
IH02; WariODH IIi>t. Bn)tl Poatnr. ed. U71. 
iii. 195; Andr«WH and Jacluon'a IlluMmliim* 
of Biabop We»L'« Cluipul, l^uXary, IS'JS ; MSS, 
Itm-ord Omc^.l J. S. L. 

WEST. KICIIAHD (jf. 1600-1019). 
poet, iru tlio author of eeveral volumiNi of 
vene. In 1800 app«ar»d ' Ncvrs from Bnr- 
toiomev Fayro' (IfOndon, 4to^, of which a 
fragment is umn-vfd at tho Ikidli'ian. The 

Soetn, thoitjifli witlinutmiicli miiril, is a livi-ly 
(■♦Pripticm of the urines at the uiirftnd of' 
the buv^maml wlk-rs who resorted to it. It 
was followrd in 1IS()7 by 'The Court, of Con- 
acienc«, or Dick Whippers Sesaioiis' (Lon- 
don, 4tn), A 8atir« on the mnnniTs of iba 
time. In ltll9 u new ediliou of Fruniiis 
Hegir'a ' School of ^'crtiie ' appeared with u 
socond part by Wt.st ; i\va Hccond part was 
chii^tly a autnmnrv n>civpitula.ti(m at Si>gur's 
pi«oept«, nod, Ulio Ibvm. waa in verse. It 



vu iinqoenUir kaovB •• the 'BocJn 
Stmesooar.* It wn» iconatcd ta 1077, 
in 1817 iafusnilerortiMKdxbati^ 
In 1868 it WM «dii«d for ib» £«rij ~ 
Text Kocietr by F. J. FuniraU ._„„ 
with * The BabMc Boni: ' ud other rakr 
treatjaea. To West boa alf<o b»»n ntttilnUed 
■Thn Wyttci A.U.C.. or > Ceotarie </ E|»- 
groni* by K. W., BadMlor of Arts in OxaB,' 
of which there is a eopy in the MiUofic nt- 
Wtion at thd BodlM«a, but tits Bntbor of 
this wotV vu wkdoubcedlj n. diatinct 
■penoa. 

[Corwr'a Cntlrctuitt. t. 377-33 ; G 
dcxtaHuUu'a CoUaetiMUi Ooliier'a 
AcccuDi of Eariy KnxUab Liu i. 60. ii. 
Arber'a Traoacript of tka SLatioofn' R<i 
iiL 328, Sia; Ont. Uua. Add. H3. 3i4U, 
Ml] E.L 

WEST. RICllAltD <A 17301, li 
and playwright. i> MJd iii the printed I 
' Itfaalera of the Beodi,' to haro been bora 
1670, and lo have been called to tbe Ur 
th« InnarTwnple in 16d7, but, according 
tbe ' nmnneenpt admiwions At th« Ii 
T«mpU,' the only Richard W'eji at 
periml 'Wis soo and lu'ir^apparvnt nf 
chanl West of London, muicUnnt, was 
niitli'd '2'A June 17itS, and called to Out 
13 .lime I7I-1. \\» beeamekin^soonnKlan 
'24 Uct. 1717, and was made absncherof laa 
inn in 171^. but on ibo undentandiitf that 
he wae noilher to hare chambers in tnc inn 
nor claim the office of tnxuurifr. A few 
ycant luti-rho bt-came couoeel tn the board of 
trade, atteiidinir twice awcwk and recctviiis 
three gutneaa for each attendance ( Cal, af 
Tmuunf Papa-i, 1720-28, pp. J 14, 313 
He waa ntumed to parliament at a 
election on IS March 1720-31 for tbe C 
niKh borouG:h of Onunnound, and b« «at 
tbe adjoininr borousb of iJudjaia 
10 April 17SS to his death. 

West, who devoted fail leisure Ui 
1ia:ht«r forms of literature, wna author 
'ilvcubii: aTmeedy actwl at the 
Itoyal in IJrury Lane' (anon.), 17:^, wlucb 
wofi brought out on '2 Feb. 1725-6, and waa 
thi) Hilly noTulty offen-d at Drory I #r" 
diirinf^ the oeaaon. On the tirat ni^t a 
full aiulience would not listen to it; 
rho next two nijrhts Chenj waa no mttdi' 
( DoBiJ!, 2f. M. Servants, od. Lowe, i. 37 
980, ii. loij}. It was landed in ' Itefle«ti 
upon reading the Tragedy of Tlecitbe 
Kugenio/ and condi-inned in * KeSeeiiau 
upon Reflecttoni^' 17iM. 

West wiwrerracttTeaaoneof liicmanacct* 
in the trial of I..ord-cb«neenor MawleSekJ 
during May 1726, and at tlia condoaion 
summed op in a maatorly apeech. 






West 



339 



West 



Harch I7S5 it had been pnposed toraisa 

Sir "WilliBm Thompson, thva recorder of 
I^ndnti, 10 tlift position ftf lorci nluuicellor 
of Irclfljid, and to secure for Went tlu? 
Tflaint position of recorder. Tlii« wlifirafi 
tailed, atiJ on the foHowinjir 29 May West 
v<u mado lord chAncellor of IrclAnd. Hi; 
laiidud iu (lial ix>uiitry at Ow cIoM of 
Jiilr, and was in ilu« eourae made a privy 
counuUIor. Oa 2 April 1726 Ito was ap- 
pointed one of th« thr«<' lord ju»i.ic&H of Ire- 
land during the absence of tliu lord 
livutonaat. 

West died on 3 Dm. 1726, and was buried 
in St. .iVnne's Church, Dublia, on Dve, 
Ilia death was much regretted, MpeciaUy 
by ibo lawyer* who prwtised before him. 
lie married, in April h i4, Eliuibeth, second 
dau(;]iti-r of Biaoop Bunml, wit!; wliom be 
n-cwved the dowry of l,r>00^ llo had iuiie 
one son Richard (1716-1743) [q.v.] and oiio 
daugbt^T Molly. Hu httl Hcuroely AuHicient 
to pay his debtn, and npenaion, Tssted to 
trustees, was obtained from the crown f<ir 
the widow. Arehblshnn Itniilter writes on 
3 Jan. 17-2&-7 that '^Ir8. Weet'a conduct 
since tb» d»ith hassofarfiiTen countenance 
lo i<om& whisjw^rs which wure about before.' 
This probably nnvi rise To the rumour that 
with John Williamit, his Hecretarv, aAia had 
been faithtex* tu ht^r htuband, and that the 
hadcanaed hia death wiih poison. The lord 
cluincaUor's father is taid to hav'u oulIiv(.Hl 
hia Ann, and to have died iutejiiAti>, no that 
the daughtar-itt-Iaw could not subeiantiatu 
her right to any part of ihv old man'a pro- 
perty. In theao circumstancee <>eorge II 
renewed the pension (which had lapaed on 
the death of Gcoree I) for the widow and 
her daughter. WiUiains afterwards married 
the daog'htcr. Hrs. Williams, wlicn n widow 
and fact drifting iut>> penury, wua taken by 
JoMah Tucker, dean of Glouceater, to his 
ho II at', 

W'-st was i-minont for ' legal atid consti- 
tutional learning.' Ho wrote: 1. 'A l>i»- 
coume concerning Treiwons and llilla of 
Attainder' (anon.), 1716; fJiid ed. 1717. 
Thia was answered in ' Hocks nnd Shnllowa 
Discorered, or the Ass ]fickin|7 At the l<ynn8 
in the Tower.* t»a 5 Jan. 1715-l« Lintot 
purchased for il. B*. a half-share of West's 
work on tnaxons (Niciiot.8, Lit. Ariecilotef, 
iriii. 295). 2. ' .\n Enquiry into Ihe Oriffin 
and Manner of creating Peers' (anon.), 1710, 
reprinted with hi» name in 1782. Thia wa* 
attaeked, it in Raid by James St. Anand, in 
'' A ni mad Tern ions on the Kuiiuiry into creat- 
ing 1 Vt'rs, with some Hint* ahont pyrating in 
Learning, in a LtHer to i'icbar<) \V-5t,' 1 724. 
The work of Wert was boaod on No, 63«i, 



Tols. xi. and xti. in the Petyt tnanuscripta in 
the Inner Temple Library, entitled ' Ue 
creations nobilium,' 2 roU. fol. 

Apart from hit tragedy of ' Hocuba.' hia 
contributions to lighter literature indvided 
some papers in (he 'i'rwutbiukBr'of AmbroBO 
Philips and otliera. 

A full-length port-rait of Weat in hia 
olTicihl rii)ii-ji wax jin-iLeDtiTd to the Inner 
Temple by hia grand-nephBW,IlichardGlorcr, 
M.P. forPenryn.and hangs in the parliament 
cliamber. This Glorer wa* a aon of Richard 
Glover [<j.T.l (author of ' Leonidaa '), wUyaw 
mother was West'a sister. Another portrait 
by an unknown poinlur i* iu the ^olional 
Gallery, Dublin. 

[RnnchiTu of Inner Tempis, p. 64; Xotes and 
Qiicnoi, 4lh ser. xi. -162-3, xii. 14-19, 4th ser. i, 
29a. ir. iii. 315: Smyth'a frisb Law Offieora, 
p. 39; Boulter's Letlors. i. inrS-4i; O'l'lAniuiHn'fl 
ChBDcelloni of IrtiUud. ii. 38-aA; Archbifhop 
Nicolfrou'ii Letters, ii. 610; iufurmiitiun from 
Inner Temple Admiadona, ^ Mr. J. R. L. 
PiekeriBg.] W. P. C. 

WEST, RTCITARD (171(1-1742), poet 

and friend of Thooiiis Gray, bom in li 16, 

wn.i the only Bon of Richard WeW (rf. 

1726) [q. v.] lie was eduf»ted at Eton with 

ThoDiiisAshtnu, CrAy, and Horace Walpole, 

forming a ' quadruple alliance* of friendflhiji, 

and was Imown among them an 'Pavoniua.' 

In youth ho wim 'tnll and slim, of a palo 

. and meagre look and complexion,' and ho 

. vtaa then reckoned a mere brilliant geniiu 

, ihaii Omy. Thu rest of the friends went 

to Cambridge, but West rnntricitluli-d frtim 

Christ Church, Oxford, on 22 May 1730 at 

th»t agn of nineteen. 

West was from his ynulh narked out for 
the profession of the bnr, tbmiiffh the in* 
tl Ul^nt ial position of his fnt her anu hiA undo, 
.Sir Thomaa Buniet [q.v.] On 21 Feb. 1737-9 
ho was at Dftrtmoutti Street. Westminster; 
by the following .April he hiid loft Oxford, 
and WAS studying at the Inner Temple, wht^re 
he had been admitted on 17 July 17S3. 
Gray came tn Ix>ndon in Si'^temhiT l7fW t-o 
join him at the bar, but won drawn ofT into 
travel ling with Tlorncy Walpote, West then 
thought of the army aa n prnfeswon. but hia 
Btrengthwojj failing, and in September 1741 
Gray found his friend ill and weary in Lon- 
don. 

In March 1743 Weat waa at Pope's (or 
Popes), two milei) to the tvttt of natfii'ld 
in Ilertfordfthire.theaeatof David MitoJiL-U. 
A few days later ho was racked by a ' most 
vioU^nt cough,' ami h» dit^d nl Pope'a 
on 1 June 1742. lie was buried in tho 
chancel of Hatfield church, immediately 
before th^ altar-mils, and a graTestone to hva 




lumotjWMfUtxd'athetoar. TbeCotratw* 
of llimliiigiwn deplijnd his Iom, in • IctUr 
b> John Wcmltj (Lift ami Timm «/ Oatmttm 
</ Hiutiifmdim, i. »?. 40). 

Amuag Hitfonl'ft mumKripU hX th« BritMfa 
HnMiun iAddit. MSH. S2f>bl-J) in copies 
of ialUm to ud fawn WeM, the orinuu of 
wliicb bekmnd lo L«J; Fnakluu Leiric 
ill 1-Vliniar> IBA.I. Maoj of tbcMwere pob- 
liilwd for cbe tint Uni« in ilw Hot. V. C 
Tovo/i 'OrajTMid hitPriendi.' (p^.e.".-172). 
Wvlpole'i tetWn Ui faiai, twenty la kU, wen 
priBUN) in I7IH in Ui« set of WalpoU'* 

* Worki'irliich wiui edit«d bv Min Berrjr 
snd hirr father, iikI nm includml, wilh the 
■n*w<Ta, in Ciinninftliam'H Mition of Wk]- 
pule's ' Correflpoudtfuce.' IliacofrenKiDdeDM 
wilh Grity hu I»«d printed by Umoo uid 
Mitford iu their editions of that poet. He 
Milt l^liueleffiefttoOnTwben on bis tnveU, 
uid uddn»tea lo him Lb* 'Ode to U&y* bu- 
Ifiiiiiing with 

l>Mr tinj. that tlwsjw lo my hetit 

I'MIBHUt rtln ths bVUft [Alt, 

Dray omb&lBed bis fiimd'A memorT in & 
Virry tondvr •onnnt in English, atid alHi od- 
drHMd lohimu ' FftTonius' the Ijatin p<M:-m 

* Do I'rincipiii Cocilancli.' 

Ikhth (iray ntir) Miir^rd dmif^ned to collect 
Wost'i nmuins. but died bufore iheir work 
wu done. A aul^tlion from his poema sp- 
newed in Vuk't 'JtriU»li IVt«,' vol. \v. of 

* yupplement,' pp. t57-74, IMl't • I VU,' vol. 
c, uid AndCTBon'a 'Collection,' vol. i,; all 
bii known piecvt tre containvd in Mr. Tovvy'a 
'Orayutd bin Fripndii,' At Ilomce WJil- 
Dole's ruquost hi* ' Muu>fdy uii Queiiu Caiu- 
linfi' WM insi^rlod in I)od»lev'* ' t^alUvtion,' 
ti. 274, and it wan rt-prtnted m Bell'a * Fugi- 
tive I'orfry,* XV. 110-2-1; CRrtMn linm in it 
Ruiy ha TBgnrdiHi is the gKraiti of part of 
limyV 'Klogy.' A nopm flijpiod ' itichud 
WViit* i« in AlflSBiiuvr DalrrapIeV 'Eaa- 
li«h 8onfft'fl7lW). pp. U2-». The ode on 
Wut'H UQAtli, in tho 'European Mnguine,' 
January 171IH, p. 4ti, it by Thomoa Aihton 
(1716-1775) [q. v.] Some 'very ind^ent 
poema by Iiiin oru aiiid by Sainuol Uogurs 
to be Bmonit Ibe papers at IVmbrokr^ Col> 
lags, Mr. Tiivf'y speaks of a Inec tragedy 
hy liini i.'iititlt*<l ' I*BuaEiniaji.' 

Wofll had ' a fine wnsibility tn literary 
infliii'n('i.«nndn^i-iiiiiK for rrii>Daehi|i' (Prof. 
Drtwci.n, in Amdtini/, 1 1 ( let. IhWI, p. yOH). 
Hi* >churnctor wna 'cxlr^muly wmniur' 

ttu^>ra said. ' If ^N'eBt Imd livwl lie wouid 
liBVu bt.-en no mean put.a' (Taltle TaH-,T>v. 
ai», 40). 

|(tmy, kI. M/uon, ISO? ed. pusiin; Ontj.cd, 
UitforJ, 1 VI 0, i. !>].>, ii-iii, xtv; Qraj.od. Goasc, 




1. ud K. pmmm ; Ontsft. W Gny and Xsmi. 
p-Kxra; Tort^'sOajaMbasFneDida; Fetfi^i 
Almai. 17U-ISM; Seln and Qaaria. OA 
sv. it. 17 ; 0«n. Mm. IMl. i. ■!» ; J«Mf'« 
EteoiaBs. L S37-U ; Walpala a Letteta, >■ f* i. 
160. 170. IM. t. ITV. iC *St. ti. t&; OallM^ 
baek's BanftwdiUm, ai. M7 i MMMtmapi Ai- 
iBwaioiw at Imam Tiapltv par Mr. J. E. L 
FidnriBc 1 W. P. a 

WKSrr, Rt:)BERT {d. 1770), axtMt, was 
born at Wat^rford, tbe bob of am aUtfBMl 
of ihfll city, and ia said to haw baeo xxuatd 
io I'arijL He for soiafl yesfs eondacwd a 
drawing academy ia Oeom Lsu^ Dobfia, 
and wbea ibe Koval DabliB Sooaky Ma- 
blisbed a acbool of'^darign ia Skaw'a Cbaa 
wa* appointad the fini maatar. Tbi« pan* 
tioa he bald mnil 17^ wheai, beeomiaf 
Btentally deranged, he was sopmeded by a 
former pupil, Jacob Ennia. On tLe death 
of the utt«r in 1770 West was reajipoiatad, 
bat died in the same year. Tie was an 
aocompUslusd flrangh Tffwi i n «"'l as exoeUcBt 
feactn'r 

FU.1CU BOUBT Wmt (1749 M80B). 

M>a of lEubert, studied ia Paris, w4ien he 

was a pupil of Van Loo and worked in ths 

Fn-ncli Acadrcny. On 1 1 Oct. 1 "70 be soc- 

ciN^t^ bis father as maeter of %he Dublin 

' school of deaign, and tbi« poet be filled 

, great, sueceaa thtoagbont hU life. Like 

I father, be excelled an a dTaugbtmiaD 

I crayons, having a profound knowledge 

' tbe' human figure, which he mnid draw 

without modeti, but painted little in oiU- 

Tbcrp exista a Bet of ten platea of moral 

•.■lublfOis, engraved from comppattiotts by 

Itim, and dedicated (o variona Irish nohl»- 

men. Waet died at Dublin on i1 Jan. 

180II. Hn Iiad monr gOi>d pupila, inclndi&g 

Sir Martin Archer Sue [q. r.j Uis porUsitt 

IMi)nt4>d bv his brother Robert Ludua, ia ia 

the Hovftl llibrmian Academy {CU. Thiri 

Loan iLihib. ^o. 86). 

JlonBBT Lccitra Wbbt (d. 1^9) ww a 
■on of Francis ICobert West, and for aone 
yoars acted as assistant to his fatber. 03 
till.' dvath uf (bv Iatt<>r in 1809 bo suooeeded 
to the roaatership of the school, -wbtcb he rt- 
tainod for about forty years. Ho paintid 
]Kinriut» mid luMtorieul Kubjectx, and in I8W 
exhibited at the Royal Academy in London 
a Bdbjwt from Gray'* ' Elofty." He ws* a 
mrtniMT of th.( Irlih Pocitity of Anistn, and 
on the foundation of the Itoysl Ilibertiian 
Acnd>.'niy in IJS'JS WASnominktedan orik'iiud 
academician. Tho NatiuuaL Qa]li>ry of In- 
land possesses n portrait of J. U. BrootCt 
ihi? landscape- pa I iilt;r, by WeKt. alM a 
ininiaturu of the luttt^r by bimavtf^ Welt 
died early ia October 1S49I 



' aoc- 

iblin , 




West 



341 



West 



[Redgrave') Diet, of Artiatx ; Paaqnin'a Pn^ 

AeEure of P&iDting. &c.. who have pntcti*eil in 
Ircliind. 1 7116; Sni^fieM Tftjilor's 1-infl Aim in 
Gnat Hritnin, 1811; infunonhon fiMjnS. Cntfcr- 
■OU Smith, «M.| B.B.A., und W.StrlcklHoi], PMi-l 

F. M. O'D. 

WEST, TEMPLIi f I713-irr>7>, viw 
fldiuira], Ixtni in l7Kl,waathe son of Richard 
W'yet. U.D., probuuJar>' of WiiujliwUT, bv 
hi* wif.t Mnria, iIilH«i*t daughter of .Sir Ui- 
diard Temple (l^-i-lOyT) ' q. v.l and ftiBtwr 
ofiSiritichnnlT<!intiU',vi»cniiiitr!iil)!iJim[i|.v.l, 
And of HpsliT, wife of Uichiird (ir<>uTillB, 
viscountess Cobbuu ami countPM Ti'tniiU- 
[bw* OREyTlI,I,B, HlCHABD TkMPI.H. EiHL 
Tbuple]. Gilbert West [q.v.] was hie elder 
brother. He entCT«cl th* nnvy iu fVpt*nibcr 
1737 w a volunteer per order oa board the 
lt«TeDge, with L'aptain Conningsby Norbury, 
Iq the fleet at Gibrullar umht Sir Charlie 
'Wng«r[q.v.] In July 1723 lia waa movud 
into the Cant«rbury witli CajHuin Edmund 
Hook, on tha hom-oNtatioii and in tli>- Mr-dj- 
t«rrfioean, and as volunteer and mtdabiptnaii 
continued io her for upwards of llin*L' yvum. 
In I7!W be was in th(> Dur^Ii^T ^H-^y with 
<^ptAiii Thomifi Smith (d. J7ti2) [q-v-l, luid 
passed his examination on 21 IK-e. 1 1 33, oeing 
then twenty, according to bin certificate. 
Two raoiitbs Inter, on I'y Feb, 17311-4, ho 
was promoiL'd to Ix^ licutt-uant of ibo Uorwt- 
(fliirc, from which in May li* was mov&d to 
Ibe Norfolk, (>n 7 April 1737 lio vra* 
promoii'd tu bi> commaDacr of the Urampus 
xliinp; a month later bu was appointed to 
the AldBrney; nnd on 13 Juiio 1<3S ho wna 
pOMled to thn IVnl Casttn frigalc, wfaicli he 
commanded in the Cliaunel or on the coa^t of 
Portngal till the bi.>(;inninf; of 1741, wb^'n 
hf was movftd to tha Sapphir<>, iinil from 
b«r to the Ilartmouth, one of the ships with 
Itcar-admiral Nicholas Haddock [<\. v.] in 
llio Mvdilc-rranean. There he was moved 
into the tlO^n ship Warwick, which he 
commimded in thu actiuu utl' Toulon on 
U Feb. l74.'l-4 [see .Mathews, Thomas]. 
The Slirliap Castle, followyd by the War- 
wick, formed tin- ln-ad of th>> KngHsh linff, 
and both ahips kspt aloof from the Fr«nch, 
filing on them from a distance. Tim "hips 
utern did the wme, and thus in the van 
there was no closo action. Cooper of the 
Stirling Castle and Wtat wore consMiiently 
brought to a court -martial on 13 Dec, 
1746 and cashier^^d, notwithstanding tbcir 
defence ihut had iht-'V not kept to the wiud- 
wurd, tlitt French, whim the v tacked, must 
have doublpd on the van and overpowered 
it. As the bnttlit had ho cl«arly b«en Isft to 
conduct itself, their rnnt^^ntinn was per- 
fectly remoiiable, and Vi'est'e counectiona 



wcm iufKciently influential to giro it 
weight. Both he and CSooiwr were ao- 
cordinjily reinstated by order in couocil on 
12 May 1746. 

In 1747 be cosimand«d the Devooahire, 
as ttag'-captain to Itear- admiral (^8ir) Pfiter 
Warn.'n [q, v.] in the action off Capo 
Finisterre oti 3 May. In 1748 he was com- 
modoTO and commander-in-i-hiuf at ths 
\ore. During tlin jtfMc.o he rriuaiiied on 
shore; but on 4 Feb. I'ljH he was promoted 
to be rear-ndmiral of the rud, and during 
the Slimmer cummanded a small snuadnnn 
in the Uay of Ilificay. In the following 
icpring, with his tlag in the Bnckingliatn, hd 
went out to the Mediterranean aa second in 
command, with Admiral John Dyng [q. T.], 
and in the action near Minorca, ou 2i) May, 
had commoml of I he van, which did en^ogo 
cloi^e, and, being left uuaupponud, received 
a good deal of unmitgi-. Iln wa.t afterwards 
ntimmArily aiipf;rHedi>d and recalled to Eng- 
land, but, &s DO blamu could be laid to bis 
door, h>^ was on 20 Nov. nominated a mem- 
ber of the board of admimlty, of which his 
cousin, Ijord Temple. WAS the head. On 
S Dec. he was promoted to be Tice-admiral 
of the blue, and shortly afterw&rda &[»- 
pointed to command a squadron on parti- 
cular serrice. lie hoisted bia flag in th«- 
Mofnanime ; but after glvinf evidence 
on liyng'a court-murtiul, and tnat by no 
mnaniii in Byn^'s fitvour, be reftiMd to 
•genre on terms which tiubjcct an ofilcer to 
the Iroalment )ibown Admiral Uyng,' IIo 
accordingly struck his flap, and seme days 
later, when it appeared that the si-ntence OB 
Rynp would be carried out, he reeignud 
ol^o his seat at the admiralty. In .luiy he 
reaumod it, but onlr for a fpw weeks, dying 
on 9 Aug. 17". lie marrieda duHgiiter of 
Hir John llatehen [q. t.], nnd "ivh inane. 
Admiral of the fleet air John West [q. v.] 
WAD his grundNon. A monument to his 
memoTj was erected in Westminster Abbey 
at the coot of hi« widow. 

SChamoek'a lti<^. Xar. ir.-(10 ; ComtnisaioD 
, Wnrmtit Booltiiin ilii- Public Record Oflica ; 
MinuCcaof Court-tunrLiEil vu W««t, oa Usthews, 
nnd on Uyug] J. K. L. 

WEST, Sir THOMAS, eiffhlh Babox 
Wbst and ninth B-vnorr Do L\ Wakk 
Cli72P-1564), soldier and courtier, bom 
about 14f2, was son and heir of Thomas 
West, eighth baron De La Warr, by Kliza- 
beth, sister and heir of Sir John Mortimer 
and daughter of Hugh Mortimer of Morti> 
meys Hall, Ilampflhire, where West waa 
probahlv bom in 1472 {LfUert and Paprra 
ofSmnf VIII, xiv. 11. &14, 547). In Ufll 



"frift fti iiliiiiHiil III niij'ii lull Oa 
SB Jul S003 bo «u one or tli« esquirei is 
■ttoDduioe nt tim wedding fMRl of tlu 
l*ritM!«M Margnn-L [ww Tudob, MAjtcAUn] 
(SitLMSS, Comm. 1888, I>ako of Hullaad'a 
MfiS. i. 18). C>n 30 June IRIS West vtm 
k nptain in Henry XIII's nmr nt llii- 
»i«^o« of Tti^roUAnnc and Toumai, and wee 
duliV-d a kniKht-bannvnt nt Lille on 14 Oct. 
Ifiia (Mbtoii.sk, Book tif Ktuoktx, p. 45). 
On tu« nluni lw> mided at llKlnatcer or 
Kal£a*l(ed, ^a/mac, whioli be \i»d acquired 
hy innrrinifD witli Klixabctb, yuunitvr diiuf^b- 
1«r mid iuih«ir of Jfibn llouYillH. Here, 
on S9 May 16)7, iio received ttcensc to im- 
Ti«rktUn'Bliiinili>'diicr«»f/^f/rr»«»rfil«7wr», 
li, 8311). H(^ orruiionnllv attf^ndfitl court, 
Uld in 1520 u-us nt tli^ l-'i..-1d of ih« Clutli 
of Gold (A. iii. 237, l4l, 243; CTren. ^ 
Cn/HM, p. t}^), and at the int«nriew of 
Hennr VlII with Cbrtrlcs V at Gravelioes 
on id July. At t'liriMisiLs W21 be was 
appointvtl cnm>r to tti(> kin^ (I^tltr» and 
Papen, m. 1880). On it" May 152-' be was 
•tLliemwIiiigof Ilenrv VlII wit b I'liarli^a V 
•t Ctnterbiir^ {ib. 'i^f^). In 1523-4 lio 
was n ci>miiiiiwi»nitr of suluidy for Suues 
(iA. 3:;(^2, iv. 214, p. 83). On 10Xnv.lB24 
bo was ]jrii?ked lii|ib fihi'rifl" for Siim.-y nnd 
SiiMex {ih. SlK). Ke 8iiccefid(;d to iho title 
and estates of lt« Lii W'arr on tlie dt-alli of 
bi-t fut ber, wboiw will wm prnvod on 25 K*l). 
1S2') (>. Having rffbtiiLt Halnnker, be enter- 
tained Henry VlII there witb 'great cbeer' 
<t'6. 2407) in AiifruHt I62n. Tbcso«zMOw>s 
wereprolM bljtbe cause of bis constant ttrt-teis 
to OromwellploadinjCpovcmy'and soliciting 
laaTO of ftbM'ncB from parliai»«tit {ib. v. 7W, 
Ti. SSQ, vii. V2, Uiy.Tiii.l'l). lie was one 
oftliepetM* wbo uu liJJiily l-'iSOsubscribud 
th« dnclontii^n to (Icmi^ut Vll urgiiiR tbt> 
divorce (ih. iv. (tol3). In January t&34, 
itnlioilin^ fmnj Cniinwell li'avM of tibn-nctt 
from }>arliamt'nt on th)> jriviind of povurtr. 
he adds that bin proxy is as good «• nim«eif, 
* for I can n'ndun no matlor, but thy yea or 
aajr fortlie impudiment Ciod has given me in 
mjtongno' (lA. vii. 12). NcrortheleM, b(> 
was BummonL-d to »it upon tbc trial of )<ord 
Dacra, and juiniM) iu bin nciiuiUal on lU July 
1634 {it. edl*, X.) 

On 20 April 1Q34 I)« La Wort vas 
notninued a commissioner for Sussex to 
MOMT* th» oaths to tlio act of succession 
(Jb. 518). The nomination wiu an art of 
poliDy.forliewas iotimntewith the Lialos [ue 
Pt,A)tTAi7EyiTr, ARTitrn. Viscoust Liale] 
(li. vi. 1179. 1180, vii. 014. 1577), ond with 
Hubert. Shorbome [q. v.], bisliop of Chich«8toT, 
who were known Co bo ojipoMid to tbo wclc- 
•iast ical policy of Ibe gOTemmeul . Tbe clerical 



na9» Of na 

of SlMHa__| 

>rt£«V^ 



IMwty spoke of bun as * ifaewbote sUyofosr 
oortwr of Sussi.>!i'(iJ. tu. l.''"- ' -rr. rb- 
diM>olutioo of Boxgtoreon "i 7 

purcbawd ibo goods of the L.,u<r^ . .>. ..b^u, 
.VoMUficMi, iv. 64tt; IjtItiTM and P^m, 
ii. S09, S30, xiL L 747), and, having nisly 
radeavonrwil to obtain an esuknage of its 
lands for bis herrditaiy estate tif r* 
Itfnll(>i, SoDierwt, Huco^^eil (TO Us 
in nrocuring n grant nf a k-aao of tbft^ 
ana rectory {A. iin. i. &8>^). 

On 15 Vay 1536 De La Warr aat on a 
full panel of aTsJlaUe pevn ( FniCDBan. 
vtnne Bokyn, li. 'J7A) at tlie trial of Ann* 
boleyn and her brother, and hU fnai 
George lloleyn, lord Itoehford [q.T.] Rp 
henceforth act^d with the oppMiiion, irho 
disliked Ibf! Mi^'iniu cfatitf^ee. AAet the 
nortbem rebellion Di> 1a Warr vas eridefflth- 
anxious to it rcnt,'tbi>o his positiun at court, 
and in M^T vfa* lwic« an unsoccauiiil can- 
didate for the Garter ( Lettcn mnd P^tn, 
XII. i. 1(X)S, ii. 445). He was amoag tlw 
peers who on 14 .May 1^37 convicted Lord 
John Husaev [a. v.^ ami 'I*hi>ma«, lord Dvcy 
[a. T.J (iVv. i'. riW, 1207). of complicity in 
tie nortb^rn intunvclion. On 1.5 Oct. h*. 
'uncovorwl the baMna'at thft chri!it<-nin|;i 
Priuce Kiiward (FJlward \1 ; th. iiiL 
911), and was one of tbe supporters oft 
canopy o^-ur tbe corpw at tbe funeral of Qne 
J^np Seymour [q. T.] at ^Vit>dsor on 1 1 Ni 
(I'fi. 1000V He was ansioiut to display vii; 
lanru on bi'dnlfof the Rovemnieul, and < 
14 April l.tiW sent Cromwoll information • 
the disaffected laDgunK<^ of tin.- vicar of We 
bprton, A parish near lIiilttakpr(iK.7£9). 
hewssso veb^menl in hisrvlt^oiueoase 
ttsm that be dismiasMl one of lii9 survants i 
'werooftbutH-wopiuione ' (ib. ii. 829, 1). 
ifleridenttbat bewasalreadynnijer susniaa 
of difiluyalty. A letter wriiton by him 
CromwiU from Iftilnakfr onil C'ct.I.'iS'* 
&70) escuses bis absence from Lone 
says he is ' evil at earn.' He bad n 
tb(> anxiety he felt (it. 963). His 
friends Sir Geoffrey Pole [q. v.] and 
Tkfantai^ai'. whom £e hod been entivtuiii 
at Ilalnaker tbe previous midaummer, 
been arrested on suspicion of trwn^on. 1^)I•^ 
confv^iiian implicated De La Warr (_i6. p.26€) 
aud (leorgB CV»fl<t Tq. v.J, n prebendarv of 
Chicbralor (fh. 605. •>, p. 264). Crofta eon- 
f*-Kfn-il that Oe Iji Warr bad made tbe |w> 
tinilarly odiona charge n^in»t the govern- 
ment ilint it only seciiredTthe convictiua of 
l»r<l Hnrcy by a promise to tbe peers tliil 
be should bu imrdoned (^iifr.SOS). On the otho 
hitnd, IK' La \Varr bad expressed disupnvtl 
of lliu nonbem rebollion. and * reraiced wbn 
the same was ended ' (ifi. 623). More senot 




WM tlicevidimceofDe La Warr'abrolJier-in- 
low.yip lIPtirT Owen, on I'A N'ot. Notonly 
hml Ii« Lm ^\'lln■ frfoiK-titlydi-'iiijiuiced 'ilie 
pliK-ltiii^ down ftf iibbevs and (he rcadinfr of 
th<>s« OL-w Ecgli^li books;' Sir JlL-ory im<l 
'known murh fiiiniiiarirv to hnvn U-cn be- 
twof-n tl)t? MnrqiiU of lixetor' [s«e CucK- 
TEJfAV, llrXRr]. ihi' nrclitoispeict.Bncl llmLii 
WniT (ill. ^i)). It JK HigniGc&nt ibat on 
4 Niw. lo38 tlie marquis and Lord Mon- 
tnpicwepL' sent to ttic Towerand oti the mme 
<Iiiy OrotDwwH received a gratuity of 20/. 
from De La Wnrr {*. xiv. ii. 3:i7). Tbo 
dcp^iiii ions agiiiiixt Vv Lu U'arr were col- 
liwtwIO'^- H"- ii- yai-L"). Al tbo end of 
Xoviimbi^r hu Tcna L>xainini'd bi-forc tbu privj' 
couiinl niu) C'inliiied l» liiit bo-iiso in ]jniidotL 
{iJt. flfif"). On 1 Dec. tha council wrote to the 
kinu BpoIn[fi»nf; for nut proceeding 'morw 
mimniRrily'(iA.) On 2 D-v. I)e 1^ V.'&n 
was Gent to tbe Tower. On 16 Pec. infor- 
mation ituchcd the Rorornnn-nt of myMcTinuft 
iioctumftl vUUi to iloltmld'r, presumably 
lo put eviileoce out of llie wov (li- IWl'f. 
But llm bouH« WHS not ^Oiircbi-J, acid Dl> 1^ 
Werr •'vidfiilly hud ]»owi*rfiil friends. Tbe 
clL-rical fany m Suasrx boldly pridicldd his 
Hpi-*Hv mturii (i/>.) AbfHit 20 IVc. hv wiw 
releiiAed (/A, llliJ) upon nwa gniaanws of 
3,000?., tlip Dukes of Norfolk mnd Sufl'.dk 
and the Karl of SiiB-tex being' Among \m 
Bunt'iea fiA. 1117). 

But Di- La Warr'n opposition had been 
cninbt'd. Early in Xovimbor lo3El Cmiii- 
well wroli.' to Lady He \m Warr tliat Ibe 
Icin^ had forprcn b<^r husband (A. ztv, ii. 
481). Af tv »i)fn of urtHC'c hi" rccogninocM 
were dischar^'ed on 18 Nov. 1530. ^forc the 
iwdTPtnoiitb had lapircd (lA. OlB-4-j), T1il> 
pardon wa* nut ^mltiitous. Henry inti- 
mated tliiil lie would like to have Ilulnalicr 
in riscIuinKe fur a grant uf rrowrn land (I'/i. 
■1811. There was nn oltemolivo but prompt 
■iibmisHon. Within a fortniirht fla!nski?r 
wn« Burvoyod fop thi^ nviwn (I'A. 611). The 
nunnery of Wberwell, tlampsliire, wu« 
nect'ptpd in cxthanf^'. the prnnt bting dali-d 
y4 .Match 1540 (/A. w. J:i0 7-^; cf. i': \>. 
ilO.c. 74). Un 11 IVc. I fi.Ty Cromwell re- 
ceived from Do La M'arr n few of GO/, for bi^ 
aer^'ireH (ib. XlV. ii. SL'8), and Ibi- InUj^iagK 
of Lady Da Lu "W'arr seemfi to i)oint to him 
(W lb" aiitborof tb"' rrb-AMT of bur hnsband 
from confinement (ih. -IPl). 

Ue I* Warr now reappeared at court. 
He was pregent at Henry'* r<>replion of 
Anne of Clevcs on -3 Jiin.'lljiO (i6. xv. 6). 
On the followinf; 2^ Jtily lie purcbaMd from 
the court of aufrmeuintinne a house and 
cbapel in the While I'riars, Fleet Street 
(lA. p. S67 ; Pat. KolU, 30 Hen. VIU, pi. i.) 



lie had TacAted Ilalnaker, which the king 
Riiffered to go to m'ltn Stale /'apert, Hota. 
Edw, VI, i. mt), and hod moved to his 
fath^rV hoi]£e at oniii);ton,Stis<u-x, whem on 
1^2 .Iimt.' lie oblainf.'J ]ici.'iiBv lu uttL-loeu land 
for lii« iiaT)i(J^tftni and I'ttprrt, xv WU-/(9). 
lu l-jJL he ui^iii twicti became an unfluo- 
ce.'«<>fiil nmdidaliiforlli'^rinrti'r (Hi. x\\. 44i), 
751), IliD proxies at the op^piiin]; of pdrliA- 
n)viiron29Jnn. K>4'twereI.ordSt.John,gr«at 
master, and LonI UiiiMell, privy settl (Zo/vfa' 
*'(:'iJnr<7A'),aproorthat heliaonowNurr^iidvred 
to thp court partT. Hut on the opeoinf^ of 

fBj'liamL'ut ou 4 INov. l&l", and on 24 Nov, 
M8, henaniinAted Lord Seymour of Sudttltiy 
and Lord Murlrv {H. i. •11($, S'lij), ahowinr 
that on the death of Henry VllI h« had 
I paiwed into opnoeilion. In ihia he wa« mt- 
I uapit inline need by thi; marriaifv <if bitt niwcv 
I Jane riuildfon) viih John Dudley, earl of 
Warwick and afterwanls duko of ISortbum- 
bfrUnd fq, v] It was probably through 
the influence of tbu earl, then at the heiglit 
of bis powrr, that on I iKc. lo4(l Lel^ 
j Warr waji cbjctod n knight of tb« Oari«r. 
I It«i l« Warr. buvin^ no children, had 
ndoptod AH hilt hiir, ut mmv dule nfler L>tO, 
William We*t, non and heir of Hir Ciwirgt; 
Wcjit of WBrblcton,Snsac3t. 8ir George was 
11" La Wnrr'it yoiingi-r half-brother by hia 
fnthpr 'a second wife, KleanorCnjileytf 'oi.i.nre, 
I Peerage, v, 16). Accortling lo Duedale, Wil- 
1 Uiim West w«» brwl up by I>eI,fiWurrinlii8 
own liou.v ; biit ' being not conl/tnt to »\t,y 
till his uncle's nntiirnl deQlh, prepared poifon 
to dispatch bim quickly ' {Rarona^f^W. 141). 
De La Warr tliereu|ion brought in n bill of 
attainder lo disinherit West. Tlie record of 
Du La Wurr's atK-ii<lunc<.^ in Lhc.«Houtuof 
Irfirds during Xov>-niIi*r 1540, when the hill 
paM-.-d the lord?, conlirms (hit (Lonh' Jnur- 
iitili). Till' bill WHS appan-nlly thriiwn out 
by the ci'irinniiP, (l lu'W bill being intro- 
duced on H.Tun. l.'ifiO, On 2.1 .ran. Wei<t. whc 
had bi'cn impriixmoil in thn Tower, was 
broughl to the bar of the house. ' 1 le eb'arlv 
df-nicd the fact, but confr-KScd his hand to be 
at the confession, which ho did for fear.' 
Witnesses were called, the house considered 
bis guile provL-d, and tlio bill wae no»6i?d 
two iiiL^H later. It i;t (iriAJiible that rtiligiouN 
flniinosiiiea played Botoo pa.« in this cbbp. 
At any ralii, it is ™rtniii that lb- l,a Warr 
not oiily forgave West but left him .'IWl/. a 
year for life, a house in London, and his 
manors of Offinptrm and F.whurM (sof W*csl'« 
Blat«meiit in ^tate J\tr)er», Dom. KUx. iii. 

It W evident that during I'Mwonl Vr« 
reign De I^a Warr retnined hia religious 
convictions eo far as they wem eonuetent 



tW wiwj B M— cil far uiM iwA fciyae 
■ iiMirillfilfVliirtliwi^MiifTrMii 



I 



Bm WImb, m IMm^ NaitlNBbflrbBd, Ami 

p« iriirlirwiJ L^j Jm Gny. D» L* 
NVvT dedMcd for Mur. llu l^vhy ms 
nwHiird h; » fnut of tw hi i di Bi bhIb 
Mr MnmtD umI BoniaalMM to tb» ^vi^ 
eoaMiliICiai;K.fWmr.xr.3t9>. Redini 
ia Odtobrr l.'t^ llcnrj Madiy* [a. r,' tbe 
ditfitf, ft pAliticftl irBMikiMT. tpMU o^hin 
w * Uw|:aod Lord Ur LAWiir.'uddeicnfcw 
ktm M'tW beK hnwifhrfw ia SwMX' 
fXMm>71>. HMftnwwawM »«BiyHMi— 
(A.) Se wfti boned «t BnMlmtcr, mmt 
Ofin^oo, dne to ibo nMnifient iamb be 
bftid •m-ted tbm 10 hts faum. tib moau- 
mrat ID ihu church &1a> surrir^ft. The 
•powr cbaprll to he liurrmi in' whicti b* 
had oripn»lIvd«iinf^i for bimMlf U llox- 
groTc u aautfirr cplriwlid apvcimieit of Tudor 
art. In ii iru bitfied hi* wife, who pfed»< 
ooand bira, it bvtag neu ber aocMtnl dtK 
nuin of Tlalnftkn-. A portital e^ iuph. eotn- 
Dowd in his boooor bj hi* fnaid Henn 
Wrk^r, lord Moclry, U printed in Wood* 
'FiiMi; 1.117. 

VV«ei't nephew, Wiixim Wist, fint (or 
tenth) Basoir Ub La Warr (151t>»-Ia9o>, 
who bad htvu adopted hy faia onrlv. and by 
act of parliament ia 1M7~H Tum.^ diKahlnl 
from aU bonoars on lira smund that 'be, 
beinj{ not contvni. to ntar lill bin unrlvV 
natural dratb, prejiarod noiwiD to dPHpatch 
him ijiiirklT,' wan none l)i» IfM on 10 April 
lJjdare*t«fvdinblood.«ndoniiK#b. )M9-70 
ia believed to have bwn created by patent 
Baron Do La Warr : be waa summoDt^ to 

{larlinmeDt by writ « from d Mav 157'i to 
9 Feb. 1G91-S, and aat on the triaU of th« 
DuIm of ^'orfoIk and the Earl uf Arundvl: 
he died on SO Dec. IJJ9C; and a pnrlnit. of 
htm, altributod to Holbein, was exhibili>d 
itt K<>n>>in^»[] in ISttH (Ott. Tkinl loan 
Exhib. N'o. 62f)). Hia aon Thomas, 9i.>cnnd 
or vleTeutb bamn, ctaimwd tb« precedency 
nfblagrut-unck-'sancicnt bamn y, which the 
Ilooae of Lorda, by a decision of very doubt- 
ful IcRnlitT, granted {t^eti G. E. C[oxatXx1, 
Complete Petrafff, iii. 48-9 n.) Iliu iHiooud 
or eleventh baron died on ?4 Alarcli ItlOl ~2, 
loBTJng, buaid[]8 othur imuu, Thoniaii Weat, 
thinl (jr tvrtiirih bnron Do l.n Wnrrfq. y.j, 
Fransia West [q. v.l, John (d. I6r>!>/), and 
Niithitnii>l, all of n-doii] wont to Virtnniannd 
look part in itA (^^Tfmment ^^e& Mrtovs, 
Grtu4t$ U.S.A., ii. 1 Wr-«). 



|Su>« Ftpm. Dgm.. Dan. VliZ. Edv. TL 
Elia.: Pat. BeU^ Rra. riU (Bacnid oSm); 
Joonab of Uw HouM of J^nla ; Jmnub rf 
Um llovM ot Conmoae ; Acta of tlM Prirj 
C^matiL ed. DaMBi. IS9U. fol. : Nicbob'* liL 
Biouiaaof Kdnml VI (Ktxbur^h* Clab). 1SS7: 
UadiTn-. I)i«i7 (CKBMlcn .S«.), 18(7; Strypti 
EcrlceiaMJ^ Hcnorlab, 1S2S. and AnsalB ^ 
tb* ftefiMWatiob. 1S24; Ooatfaw«it«'a Gra;1i 
Inn, 18M; Partor's ll»|{i*ter of .AdniisiiiKi to 
Gnft Iini, isra; OaRdale'a JConaat. AagL 
ISM. cod UaratMgv of ^l«»d, 1678 ; Niealat* 
TaUmeotaValwita. lS».3vola.: Joooa's Hal. 
of Ilr-ekBM^^Ire, 1^09, 2 rola.; Colllns'alWi^ 
aea, ad. Brjdgf*. ISIJ. »oI. t.j DaUanjV 
lliit.<i^SittMa.lSI5.vaLii.; KIweaaad Bal^- 
■»'■ Catflw. Manors, and Uanriona of Wmi 
SHBoa, 1B;9; Ciutirri(ht'« linfMi of Bnunb*r. 
IWi, t 'oU. ; TiBraejt'B History Bod AceottM af 
.Arnw^L 1834; Ojlluavu'n Bistwrvof SometHt, 
ITUl.avoI^: An AecDBDt of tho£U>i^tabi,ft&, 
in llnotol, liTA; Cianiilga'* Mirror fm tkt 
Buntrwra and rnmrnoDnIty of BiMIot, 1811: 
C<vi^'* HiNtory of UriMol. 181l>,2 rola.; bIiA'i 
Ohginal lHinim«iil4 rel.1i rag lo Itriainl. 11174; 
C«rli«l«'B Etidnwm) GmmiRnr ScIioo'k, ISLS.ruL 
ii. ; Betta'i Order of thi Garter, ISil.l m 

r. 8. L. I 

WEST,THOMAS,third.» twelfth Daioi 
D« L\ W»Kk (1577-1618), bom oo9Jnly 
lA77.and bajAJted at \Vherwi?ll,IIainp*hirp, 
was the second bo t elduct Hur>'ivin^ rannf 
Thomas W*tsi, second or aleveatli banm Dr 
Ia Warr (1566?-lfl0i), by bia wife Ann», 
dautthier of l^ir Fnocia Knollys [q. t.} Bis 
^randlalhc-r, William Wi-at, fint (or t«ilb) 
baron Do Ijh Warr, was nephew of Sir*" 
ua^ Weal, riirlith luron West and oi 
baion Vu La Warr. 

Tbnnuia, like bis fiith»r and bis broil 
Robert, was educated at Queen's Colli ^ 
Oxford, mathnilntinf; on It March l.'i9l- 
bnt left ihp univi-ntiiy without n dojrrtv.i 
appears to have trnvelli'd in IliJy in 15! 
with a »on of Sir Thomas ^^hirley of Wut 
wlio wa« Weet's godrat biT ( (In/. AYa/*- , 
Dom. lJJftJ-7. p. .fti; Cal. i/^ffirU 
V. -J-IT). On 23 .Nor. 15t»0 he marri.^. at ; 
DunMan'.i in the We»t, ('pcilia, t^hirtei 
youuR^i-st (iBUKbier, and possibly it waa 
hi» tlirt^t fninuiw bmthrrs-ln-law that Vi't 
imbibed bis lore of travnl and adventurv. 
On U Oct. l-W" he was returned to parlia- 
ment for I.yminpton (Ojfi^utllMum, i. 4At), 
nnd probably in the following venr MnreJ for 
a time in the Low Cmmtrios. In lliiSSt ho mi 
wilb £«M>x iu Irclunii. disting'uiEbing bim- 
Mflf in the fight near Arklow 00 29 June, a 
belnt; koifthted by the lorddepnt.Toti 12 Ji 
{Cat CareK iVSS, 1689-lfiOO, prSllV I 
connection with Eaaex led him into difBeol-] 
ties, and in February 1600-1 ho waa ba* 





West 



345 



West 



prisoned In the counter inWooil Siroct on i» 
chhTf^'of complicitv in E»»ex*9 n^ln^lliaii ; on 
tlie ifltli Kftscx a<ikc(l Uo l^n Warr's pardon 
for bringing lilfi &011 into tri>ubkMLud Ot.-c.'lan>d 
lh»t.Wcnl 'wnii iinacfimiintfd »il!i llu- whole 
matter.' lift escaped very lightly and. allur 
succeeding Isis fatWr in llio [irirn^o on 
21 Mairli lfi(>l 2, b^cARin a mt^mber of 
ElieabethV prtvr council. He wiw con* 
tinuod in tlint «fiic<! bv Jiiwcs I, and on 
S(J Aug. mix, h^ wan crwi'it-d M.A, of iJxford 
V'nivprsily, but liis enerpe* were foon ab- 
«orb(.'d iu ecbeiUM fur llio coloniMCion of 
Virginia. 

In 1009 be became a mombcr of tho coun- 
cil of ibfl VirgiiiiA conipnny nnd on :?8 Keb. 
1 6011- 10 hfiwai appointed lirstjfovemor aod 
captatn-^acral lor life; in lliv following 
tnonlh lift snik-d for Virjpiiia with a rein- 
forcement of a hundred and fifty fmi^rrante 
and »npplii!Ju lit arrived ou IOJnne,jii«t 
in tim« lo prevent th« disjpersion of the 
strugi^ling colony, lie appoint^] a council 
and «['nt out tvo cxpudiliona in warcli of 
food ; in a d^^siialcb Henl home on 7 July be 
impretiHed on the En^ti^h ^vernmont tbe 
niwd orbbcral fiiptiorl for tbt> coloniita and 
of carfl in ihm selection. He himself had 
rt-tumed to Eujjlund bv Jwnu 161 1 (tit/. 
.Sfirfi* Papfr*, Dom. ICl'l-ll>!, p. 48), and 
gave a very favourable report of the Btale of 
the colonv; tbis ttna printed in the Nime 
y-snr an ' lltn Utdarion of the Right flonour- 
able the Lord De-lH-Worre, Lord Oovemour 
. . . of the colonic plantMl in Virg^inca to tha 
Li^rd:* and otliort of tlie CQun«eilof Virginea 
touching' hia unexpected retunie home . . , ' 
(London, 8vo): unolhiT editiou appunred in 
the Minii! ypor and ws* nwinti-d in 1858, 4to. 

On 16 March 161"-18 Clminberlaiii re- 
iiortrd llial EV La Wnrr hml n^iii Hnllitl for 
Virginia, and on l-t Oct. foHowini; nowaliad 
n-ncbad England of hie dentb, wblcb look 
placfl during the voyaffo en 7 June; tbn 
exact locality in a matter of dispute, but it 
waa nomewh^'ro off the cnast of Virginia or 
New EngLand, Jle La Wtrt'i! coniiuctioa 
with Virftiiiia bad been comparatively brief, 
but his iul<-rvL<nliuu at a critical moiuLul 
undoublf^ly Knv«d llin colony from ruin, 
and Alexander Brown ^oe« ao fisr aa to ear 
'if any one mnn can be called the foundwr of 
Virginia . . . T bplievi- hftinthatraan' (O'mimm 
Z'.S.A.,'u. lO-ltl). Uis name is commt'ino- 
rated in D'!iuvar« bftv, river, and slnte. 

De La Worr",-! widow was on ^0 Sept. 
1619 franted n peunion for thirCv-one years 
out 01 the diieH on impurtx from Vit^iiia; it 
w-aa renewed in HH*, but Iba outbreak of 
tbo civil war stopped it; in 166:J, however, 
■h« was ttill alivu and a fresh grant was 



I ■!!« was sui 



innde (Ca/. StaU Papfrt, Amer. and West 
Indies, miS, Nos. 2i% 249). She bad in 
Ififil regained from the comrailtett for com* 
]>oundini; lands which she had let to Sir 
JMward Nirbfiliw [q. v.], and hnd Wen 
st^'quest rated for his delin«uenGT(d/. Comm. 
fur 0'/tnf>i/nnti*'nff, p. 289o). By her De La 
Wnrr hnd (wven rhildren; the eldest ion, 
ITenry, born on S (Jet. 1603, aucceeded as 
fourth or thirteenth baron, and died in 1628; 
hie great-grandson, Jolm AVesl, lir*t i-nrl 
Do La Warr, is separately noticed. Several 
of tfaodBUghti.-», with tbuir mother, acted iu 
a court maai)u« on twelfth niglit, 101(1-17. 

ST!io family pnpom nri ]ir»NerrBd at But^khunt 
, Kiinle. 1)ijt llu-y conlAiallitleiiboiitihe third 
BaiDD D<> Idk Warr ; era Hift. KSS. Conm. 3rd 
Hep. p. l.*!?, nnd -Ich Itep. pp. x, xiii, 2TS- iito 
aim Ciil. SliLtfi l*np«r«, AmrrioA nnd W«Gt 
Indict, 1574-1968 panim ; Cal. Stiilo Papers, 
Dam ; Ilncolcnch nnd Qnoeiuberry MfS.S. (llisl. 
MSS. Cumin.), i. 103; Cijnit and Timea of 
James I ; Captain Jolia SmlUi's Work*, ed. 
Arber, pafisim; Siitho Ihaenxvrr and tJtttlis 
mflut ol VirKJoia, JTl"; Noill'" Vjrjjinia Com- 
pany. 18G9, Early SeulemuDt uf Virgmia. 1S76, 
and ^Irginirt Carolonim, IBB8; Proceedings of 
Virgiiiiii t'-ompnojr (Virginia Hial. Soc,), 1888; 
llrown's OcneHis of ih« United States. 1690; 
Shirley's .Siommata Shirleiana, pp. 1841, I9B; 
Ulntterlini-k'i II<'nford»hire, i. 380 : He^. Univ. 
Oion. (Out. llirt. Hoc.); Foatsr's AhminiOion. 
1500.1714; Uurke'a and G. E. C[ukaywo]'s 
Cumplctd t'eaniRes.] A. I". P. 

WEST, THOMAS (1720-1779), topo- 
graphvr.wiutborDiu Scotland in 1730, reccJTed 
his educalion iu (be public ichools of ICdin- 
burgb. and was for some tim« a mercantite 
travLdk^r. He entered thv Society of Jesus 
at Watten on 7 Sept, ]7ol, under the same 
of Daniel, made bis higher G(udicH and theo- 
logy in thit coUrgw of l.hrr Ktii^linb jiiHiiiU at 
LLf>ge, and was profeseed of the four vows on 
2 hvh. 174j9, Being nent on (he KngliNh 
miKdion, he waa staliom^l fir.^t nt Holvwell, 
next at I'lverstoii, »f(erwnrd§ iit Til cup 
Hall, near Dalton in FurncM. and finally at 
Sisergh, Weilnmrtand. He died at Sisetgh 
on lU Jun« 17711, and was buried in iho 
choir or chtipel heluu^jing to the iSlrickluid 
family in Ki-udul church. 

Ite was the author of: \. *Thi? Antiqui- 
ties of FurnrKii ; nr an Account of thn Hovol 
.\hbpy of St. Mary, in the Vale of Niplit- 
«bade, near Dalton in Fumes",' I>oiiuon, 
1771, 410; new edit., with additions by 
William Close, Ulverslou, 1805, Byo; re- 
printed, UlvcTBttin, I8I3.8V0. 2. 'A Guide 
to the Lakes : dedicated to the Lorers of 
Landscape Studies, and to all who have 
visited, or intond to vtMt, tho Lahc« in Cum- 
berland, Westmorland, and Lancashire^' Imo^ 



West 



$46 



West 



(Ion, 1778, l*vo. pp. 203; 2nA edit., rcriBed 
throogbout and prontly enlBrfO.-<l, lyondon, 
n&>, 8vo; lith .'dit... KftiHiil, I«21, Svo. 
He also wrolo QD'.\ccount of .\ntiqiiities 
diitcovt'red in I-atioflnlcr, 177^* which np- 
pvnriHl ill ' Arclin;<iltiiii«' (1779. v. IW). and 
n d<-Krintiau*Uf n Volennic ilill ntrnr Iiiver- 
iiL>»!,' printed in 1777 in ' I'hilaitophical Tnins- 
Bctianw.' 

fAntiquilics of KiirnM*, cd. Cloao, 180S. p. 
409; Otthnlio MiuKltanr, ix. 42; Htalhcrla 
C&tbolic Mipwioa* in Scotlund, p. 6ii ; Gilwon'e 
Lvilint« Ilnll, ji. 4f>: Olivor'a Je«ii!tCn1tcctidn!i, 

6" .'!9 ; I'oliiy'* Koi-unU, t. 837, Tii. 192 ; Wiitt'» 
ibi. BriU; Dv Bkckur'a liibl. iat Kcriraiu* de 
In Oompilgiiio Jb Jeans.] T. C 

WEST, WIIJ<IAM (Jt. 1508-1504), 

aiilborof 'i^vmboIrix-Krnpliiit.' ^vn* ihu son 
of Thoiuib' \Vf*t of lliiKtoii in Natiitijtliani- 
tbtn.', byliil wife.\nne>. daufflit^Tol' William 
llnidbiiry of tbt^ I'i'ak. He was ndmitTod 
s ¥l uJ'.-n't yf llio InniT Tempi" in Novvmber 
ITiiii*, lieiMg tbpn di'scribed fta of Darley, 
D^'rbysLir*^'. Ilu madi; a fortuni- by pracUCL' 
in inw, nnd M'tLlii! at. Kntberliiim in Vnrk- 
eliire. In IfiOO he publUhed 'STmbola-o- 
ernpiiin, wliich may be t<'miwi ibc Art, 
DBKripiifm, <>r linage of InHtruments, Covf*- 
nanlB, Contnct*. &c., or the Nutsrle or 
.Scriiidnyr ' (London, 8vo). Tlii* work, 
whicli was dedicated to Sir ISdmond Ander- 
«(in [(}, v.l, was a guneral praetiodl treatiac 
on Lu({listi law under iu (-vvurul divtsiune, 
and wa* bi'ld in gn-at t-Jliw-.m at ibe (inie. 
Thi! dnuiand for it was ao grunt llint Wept 
imnifiiiateiy bi-R.iM to pivpan' a •wond 
ftdition. practirallyrewrilingtliBwliob? book. 
He diridi-d his triwiiu into two |iarts, and 
dtvf«t('d it of many sit p<?rtl nous closniral 
quoLaligiia with wLrcIi lie bnd vncuoibtred 
the first edition, thus rendering it mon* 
luitablo fur practical Inwyvrs. Tbt.' dr«t part 
of the now cdilion ( wbiob dealt chiefly with 
corenant^, contraclis and wIIIh) appeanv) in 
11>92 (I.>ondun, 4to). It wiut TRiMiifd in 
IfilO, IfilS, 11122, and ISfrJ. The sRCona 
part., with a new lr«>stis« on wmitv b|>* 
pi'nrlM, appca^'d in lft04. It wn.i dedicntwl 
to EdwBixl Coke. New editions wore JMiied 
in Kill, lf>l8. and 16S7. The diiTrof Wtst* 
denlh is unknown, and souie of the later 
editiona mar have bL-en edited by liis aons. 
Ho wa« iwicM married ; fir»c, tu Wiuifrttd, 
dftUghtMr nf Adam Kyre of OtliTlrtn: niwl, 
■t'condly. lo Atidri'v Mann. Ky his first 
wir« h« bud tw<) diiiiirliri-m and fivM «i>u>, of 
whom William, tb« eldest, was a student of 
thii Inner Temple. 

WeM aliw vditod *r<wi tennrea da mon- 
sieur Littleton' (London, 1581, 6vd) iu 
Konaan I'reiicb. 



[GtoreT*s ViBitAtion of Yorkshife, fd. Vmt 
p. S&D; SMiJeatA admitted tu the lunar frtaf 
]547-l«60.pp.«i.l2S; Uiirrin'vLegnlBtblioii 
Guest's lIiMoric Noiiees of Iloih^irfa&ni, Itf 
pp .ITl-Sfi I K- I. C. 

WEST. WIU-IA5I <I770-I854>. book. 
seller and antiquary, was bom on 29 Oct. 
1770 ut Wliiwldon in the |Niriah of Croydon. 
Surrey. Iteing; timd of a4{Hcullural puntuilx, 
in December i7&l. when just fourteen, h*- 
>«t out on fi:>ot for London in company with 
uk elder brother, lie was apprenticed m 
Itnbert Collej', liverymnn of the Company of 
Klatinnerx, and wan turned orc-r bv litm to 
ThumaB Evans (I7y»-ltt031 [q. v.l, tt.- 
PM*mo«teT book«idlcr who bt-at 'joldimith; 
a brother of West had been attide-J i'» 
Evans since 177U. Rt-fora he wa» ont of hii 
lime Weill married and had thnjy rMlS- 
Al th« ag« of eiahLi-^i ho brcamv nm 
to Evans, upon whose retir^meut the 1)ii-M— 
wu enrrieu on by Kviuls the younger, witli 
the ftMistanec of Wesl. Yotinp KTonn i»v 
imprudvnt and bad toleavetlie couniry-aiiil 
Wi-st w<-nt into hunine** liim,«'lf. In InlW 
he was lii-ing in Oirk,andpubli.-hed ajnilSf- 
to Ihnt city. Mere he remained until 1S3H 
whrm Iw printftd hi.'" ' Itewdlcrt ion*.' H« 
then went to Itirmingham, and devoted him- 
self with mnch industry to the compilali«i 
of tojjo^apbicul work*. Towards I hveail of 
hi« life be r(-»idt<d in lyindon. and obtur.nj 
vmploynieat a£ a bookseller's a<>9iMaat orm 
lilernry work. Mid Inst yt^arv wnre poMfd 
in the (?li&rterlioufic, where tie died mi 
17 Nov. ldG4. 

W('»t came of a lonp-livcd race and liaJ a 
larae family. One dauirb(er married Fred** 
rii'k Culvert, who made the dranHn^ fw 
one of his books. llii< wi\ ^^amtK'l wm » 
portrait-painter. A llthof^Taphed portrait ot 
We»t, 8i the aire of siity, by lus son, u p»- 
lised to the ' ItftcoUiN-tioDii.' 

He wrote: 1, 'Tarem AnecdotM and Re- 
in ini^wnci?^ of the origin of >?ifrns, Cluhs. 
CntTew llausfn, Klrcels CiiT Ortmpaniw, 
Ward*. &tr., by one of the OI<I School," Lon- 
don [18'Jft], nm, Hro (aiionymnns). '2. 'Fift* 
Yeors' I(ecol lections of »n Old Book"!! r 
cnnsintin^ of Anectlotes, Cbaraii- 
Skeiches, and Original Tmits and I 
trieities of Autbore, ArtiJita, Actors. - 
KookM-IIiini, and of the Perioilical I'r- - 
th« laiit half-i^ntury, and an iitiliintt'-<: ll- 
trospect, incliidinjt some rircumManrea n-ii- 
live lo thf. I-etlere of Jiiniu*,' Cork, l.*aO, 
Sto (ponraitH nnd plateii) ; '_'ii.l edit, 1 ■ ■ - 
to which is lidded some additional h1 
nf the lnf<' Cupiiiin (_irnii<', London, I''-. . . ; 
(the BUlobiographical portion ia alone of an; 
value). 3. ' Tlio Ui&tory, Topography, 




Westall 



347 



Westall 



I Pirector; of Warwickshira, incluaire of some 
! portions of the nncic^nt histories of Rous, 
'Cunden, Hp<fd, and DugJitli-,* Birminjiltnni, 
1830, 8to t,vilb eTchinga and map anS Bir- 
min^nm tlirectoiy). 4. ' I^cturvsquv Vtows 
and l>eecriptionii of Citira, Townji, L!ut1e9, 
and Mamitnu, and other Objocts of intervst- 
ing FentrtTttN in RtAffbrdthirv ond .Slirojwhire, 
from Urigioal Drawing taken cxpresslr for 
tliiaWorkhvFri-dcnckCalvcrt/BirmingtiAm, 
1BU0-;11, 3 vok. 4to. B. 'Thrt-e Uimdred 
and Fifty Ycara* Retrotpection of an old 
lkK)k»«lk>r, contittmD|7 an Account of tbu 
Oripn and IVognwi of Printing, &cV Cork, 
168o, 8vo (plates, eupplementary to No. 'J), 
6. 'Ueicriptian of »om« of tini principul 
PaintinfTii, Slachinpry, ^lodpla. ApparftluH, 
and oIIht Curiovities at the Leeds I'ublic 
Kxliibition, bv >V. \Vt*t and E. Iloinfo, 
iunr.; LwdB,'ie39, Hvo. 7. 'The Aldinu 
Magaxinff of Biograph}', Bibliojfnpby, Oili- 
ciam, and thn Art»,' vol, i. 183U, Lotidon 
(v>dit«d by West, who contri)>ut«d * Loiters 
to my Son at Romp,' which in full of in- 
tflrestioe informal ion nkting tu coutciii> 

rrary boolcsi^llerB ; the tsafazine ran from 
D«v. lBat(t«Junvl639). 
[WMt'a Fifty Y*»r»' RfoolU-cti-;!]*. J830; 
Oant. Ha^. \sa&, u. 214: Ntcliolii'ii Lit. Illiutr. 
1858, Tiii. S33 ; AUiboae'e Diet, of Enul. Lit.] 

H. R. T. 
WTSTALL, RlfHARD (irfi.Vlfi.Tfi), 
luKtoririil imiiili'T. mine if ji Norwich family, 
but v&it horn at H'^nlnnl in 1760. Tn 1779 
, h«wMapprentic«d(o an ht*ntldic engraver on 
^Lvlvtfr named John Thompson inOult^r Lane, 
^BCh»ai»ide. While he wbh lliu^ oiuplovud, 
^Vtbotniniaturv-'pitint^rJohn AI(>foond(^r[q. v.] 
Hmmarked Lijtiitjility.uiid ndvisod hint to he- 
" oom« a painTer lie studied after liiii day's 
work at uu i'vt>nin^ tcbool at iirt with suVb 
nuxesa that lie vrii,-> ablp lo <*ic)iibit. ■ portrait- 
drawing is 1781 at thn Royal Aciult>inrt 
wliprn h* n-a< admitted a sluclent in 17(<*5. 
On rompli^tine the terra of his opprpntice- 
nbip in iTiS^, tie commenced bit^ carver a» nn 
artlHt> and inon attmctcti attention by hi* 
lar^? and liigblr fint«hed dniwtiifr*' in wat^r- 
colour at tbt; Itoval Arademv. 'I'heHe weru 
chieSy of bivtoricul aiibJL-ott^, ' JiiLul.' ' Esau 
•Mking iMttc's HlfKiing,' ' Mary (Jiwi'n of 
Scot* on hflr Way to I5x«ution,' 'Snppho 
chanting ttu' Hyinn of 1.»V4?,' ' llesioa in- 
atructing iho Grpeke/ and ths like. They 
were variant bv iKirlraiLs and by pictures in 
oik of rustic itnhJM-ta. Wvntalt became an 
aMoci&totn 179:fand an academician in 1791. 
TVom 1790 to 1791 he lived at 67 Greek 
Street, the comer houae of Hofao Squaru, 
which he shared with Thomas Lawreoce, 
of the artiits placing his namt; on ono 




of th« two entrano^a to the bouM. In 1794 
WMtall removed to fi4 L'pper Charlotte 
Strwet, FiUroy Squan*. 

About this time he look to the ilhintration 
of books, which continued throughout bi» 
life to !>? hia principal occupotion. Ho wam 
employed at urat by Aidennan John Doydell 
[q. T.l, for whose 'ShakopeAn]' he di!t8ij;iu>d 
a number of illuMratioos oetwevn 1795 and 
1H02, in addition to painting live pictures 
for Gbe * Shakespeare Galh-ry,' which woro 
engraved on a larger ncole. Fur Il'iydell, 
too, he d«fiigned his illuMratioiu to ' Millon.* 
H« was aW i>mpluyfd by .Mackliu, and wu a 
ponlrihntnrioitow'ycr'a'lllfltnnr of England.' 
Early in the niuelwolh century bo was 
workijig cliifflv fnr John RhnrfMi of Picca- 
dilly, who pubmhed a very iaiyi< number of 
WestttU'sdeaifpiflin I'arii'a ' British Classic*' 
(18W>-9), and in hif> *miill i-ditions of the 
Fnglisli poe(«, Milton, Voung, Thom«on, 
GotdBmith, Cowper, Jteattic. and olbera 
(181G-17]. For iSkarjie, Too, hv illuKlratvd 
S»t)tl'« 'ilamiion' in IWO, and .lolmnoti'a 
' Raseulaa ' in 181". For ibi? firm of Long- 
man* lift ilhi»lrrilj'd Hrotfn ' I.ord of the 
lalfia'flSiai.Onmpbelfa "I'lensureaof Hope' 
(IJSISJ and 'Oerlriide of Wyoming' (iy22». 
Murray publi.iht-d bif illiiAtrntion^t lo Bvroo 
(1819) and Crabbe (I8*J), Among o'tber 
books illuitrated by AVcAtulI may bo tnen- 
lioned bis own volume of pocuc. ' A Pay iii 
Spring,' 1808, with plates engraved by 
Jamei and Charles Ueulh; 'lUuslrutions to 
thv TVibl",' thirtyimi! platM by (Jhnrl«'a 
Hf^ath, 181.^; 'Victorie.t nf the* Uuko of 
Wellington,' twelve nmmCinl plnt«« by 
Thttlcs Fielding, 1819; 'Thfi Pilgrim's IVo- 
grew 'and M)on Quixote,' i^'M; Soufhey'a 
' Roderick.' I8i!l ; and John Hobnrt Cauntcr's 
' Illustraiions of the Bible,' IWJTi «J, -i voU., 
with woodcula after Westall and John Mar- 
tin. Tbia is by O'^ mvanit an vjihaustivu liat 
ijf WiisUill's work in book illuslralion. Ho 
wa.i fliicoTid only to Stothnnl in the ahun- 
dsnce n'ith wbicb bi:i vupplieil d'^sJi-nit lo tlmt 
engravers on ateel trained in lli«' pchool of 
the two Heaths, and iu the populurity which 
hia illustrations enjoyi'-d. For their artistic 
mvrit there ia not very much to be aaid. 
They soon degenerated into mnnnerism, and 
in the feminine typu* especially there ia 
grent monotony. 

Westall was at his beet in wntercolonr, 
and wm4 tlio ]>*iider of u reform in figure- 
painting in this medium, cnntpuiporaneous 
with t^t of Thomas Ginin [q. v. in land- 
scape. Tho brilliancy of his colouring was 
eonsidered novel and astonishing in his own 
day, though he made largo use of opaque 
pigmeota. A watercolour drawing by himj 



{ 



Wcstall 



348 



Westall 



'CaMondra propheaT-inft the Pall of Troy,' 
«xhibiti<d in 1700 at thu Royil Academy, 

is in the S(>ulb Ki-iuington Aluieuni. The 
Britlslt Mufictum 'ptMs^ssea wrernl fixumpli's 
of ihti yoKn 170>'i--l, *A S1»;|)IhtcI in ■ 
Stonn,' exhibited in 170R, and three Urge 
dnwio^ dat«d 1799, 'llin lloor tlmt liilUsI 
Adania brought Vifcuw Venus," Jiidith riv 
citing to the Young Al/red the Songs of the 
nnnlH,' nnd 'Cardinal Tourchicr entreating 
J'^IIizabetb Grey i/> let liwr Son leave the 
Sanctuary of \Veatminiter Abbey,' The last 
two ^iibjucls TTuru vxhibitL>d at the Koyal 
Academy in IKOO. In i\tf iMtna collection 
are spocimens of Wi-siall's work in oihtT 
■ Lyl«* — Iaiid»c«p(% porlmrturv, nntl htmk 
illuetralion. Tnere are aUn thirteen draw- 
ings in various slylea in the Oyer oollvction 
St rhf» Soiiih Ki'iiiinfrton Miwenra. 

Weatall'fl largv! piritirfi) in niU were not 
WiWRssfiil, though one, ' Klijuh raiRin(; the 
"Widow's Son,* wan purcbn^MJ by the din-c- 
tnrs of the lirittflh Inilitiition for four hun- 
drrd and lil^y (fiiin^aa in 1S13. lie held an 
exhibition nf bin jtiflunn and drawings at hi* 
hrtUM in I'ppLT OuirloCtc? Street in 1S14. 
]I>:i cca»>.'d lo paint hietotieal euljvcti! in uils 
wb>^n hi^ found l.hnl. thi-y did not mdl. Ilia 
pictiire* ore now little known, and it is pro- 
nnhli- (hut noniL' of th«m piuu iindrr other 
n&mi'ii. A Inrge picMim by him. ' PulTalo- 
huntpni surpriu'd by Lions, hai been repn>- 
diiccd as a work of James Ward. 'Christ 
crow'ticd with Tlmni*,' by WfSTall, in the 
ttltar-piecp of All Nouls' Cliurcb, Langbam 
Place. Hu exhibiti'd in all Ul^ work!: at the 
lioyal AMLdt^my, iLiid unvenly nl. the llrit i.th 
Itifititutiun (GtutVBs, TUct. of Artuts). 

A lurgn tiiimberof AVwrtaU'snicturotiiTOTW 
engraved. Among th« hifltoncal aiibject.*, 
in addition to thnae from Shakespeare, may 
he mi-nlionfd: 'Qitcpn KliznU'^th motiving 
the News of tim Heath of her Siwer Mary,' 
and 'Joan of Are receiving the Consecrated 
Ilanni-r,' engrttved in 1702; 'CharU-s V re- 
algninir the ('rown of Spain,' 'Taii»machn» 
and Calypso' (two aubjecu), 1810. St-verol 
Inrgfe unuraviiigD of rustic Miibjt-ctfl— oiii^h ait 
' Rural Contemplation' and ■ Itural Musir,' 
by T. (inugain. \r*i)\ ; 'The Sad Story ' nnd 
"The Wooilculter nnrl Cowboy,' bv .Tohn 
Ogborne. imi; 'AStorminJIarveBt',' l^Oi; 
«nd ' Kc4»pirs,' 1W)6, by Robt-rt Mitchell 
Meadowf - nhow Westall'c talent in a more 
favourable light. LiLter worka in this stylo 
ML- 'A ({leaner* mid 'The Ifenper returning 
bv Moonlight,' 1H14. ' Vt-nunaniihwrUovea,' 
'Cupid ^;l0PIHng,• 'The Rirth of ShnltB- 
»lw«r<-,'and'Tho IVirth ofOtway,' 1-02, are 
grsreful fancy coinpositioTin. Twelve anb- 
lects itlustratug the rites and couvmoaies of 



rapQi 

Mtof I 



the church of England, eagrared br Agar, 
Cardon, and SehiaToneUi, anjoyM great 
popularity. Soma lai]g«r compoaitionii of 
aimilar auhjectfi were engraTM by It. M. 
Mfiulowa. Of thapartraita by Wt.<»tal], that 
of Ryron, engraved in meiiount by Charlea 
Turner, is tbo be«t known. WeatoU wai 
him.<telf an engraver, and published cichinsi^ 
ai^uatinla (some printed in colouni), and [a 
mif^) mctzotints, from hia own picture* or 
drawings He alw made a few [Ithographa 
in the earlv dava of that art. 

From I'aiO'to Iffi^t Weetall lived 
(I South Cmacont, B«dfonl Stjuare, anil ^ 
lf^L>8 10 ld.16 at 4 Kuaeell l*lae«, Fitzrof 
.Square. In bis lAtwryvar* he Icwt moat of 
bi.4 eamingii by imprudent dealings is old 

Sictiires iLBil otter apc-culations, and was n?- 
iiecd to such pov-'riy a* to ii">;d relief from 
the Iloii's.l Academy, lie and a blind aiMer 
who lived with lum wrv also assisted by 
tbi) Iltiohcss of Kc-nt. Weetall'a la«t pro* 
fe»Hioual occupation was as innlructor in 
painting and drawing to the Prince« Vic- 
toria, lie diinl on 4 Dec. 1330. tie wu 
Hliort and alight, of figure, and delicate in 
health. Ilia portrait appears in tho engraving 
of th" niviil aendi'inician* by C BesllanS 
(1602), afttjr Henry Singleton. 

[Oent. Uag. 1837. i- 313; Sandbj-* Uia: of 
tho Rojal Acadamy, t. 306.] C. D. 

WESTALL, -Wir-LTAM (1781-1850), 
topograpbical painter, a joungi'r brothwof 
Hichurd W'rftttll [ct.v."], wft* born at Hwi- 
foni on l:J Oct. 1781. Asa boy be lived at 
Sydenham and ITampstcad, and was taugbt 
drawing by hit brother. At the on rf 
iMghti>en, while a probationer at the scaoob 
of the ttoyal Acauemy, he wai! rccommendid 
to l.bt^ gorernmrut by the preaidi!nt, Benj^ 
min \S tint, fur the appointment of laJDdscapq 
draughtaman to an ■■xnloring itipcdilinn 
which was about In start for Au^rttralia. This 
appointment bad just been resigned by'VVii> 
liam l)antcll[q.v.j,whohad bemmeftDgageil 
to WeelaH's efdeet stater. The Investigator, 
commanded by Matthew Flindi^ra [q. v.], 
Bailed from Spitheadon li^ July 1801. After 
8 cruise of nearly two yura the luvestinlor 
waa U'ft, as unMaworthy, at Part JacuoH) 
whilx WVmIiiII and moat of thu i>hip'» com* 
pany embarked on the Porpoiw to relnm to 
£iii;land. Thin ship wa» wrr<-ked on a roral 
r#ef ntf the north-eastern avmi of Axiatralia, 
but no Uvea vers lost, andWestall'seketclMi 
werfi preacrved. After eight weeks the alup- 
wreched party were i«acued by echoonen 
sent from I'ort Jaokfon, to which Flindfit 
had made hiit way in an open boot, ni 
Westoll prociwdMl in the lioUa to Chio^ 



J 



Westall 



349 



Westall 



ASUii Hpendiog some mtuitbs it Canton, wb«r« 
h« went on a ahetcbing eipeditinti up the 
river, he nailvd for Bombuy, witm-ismg on 
Ills way ihc wrffMgi-uiHjtt in ibij Ktrailn of 
Makcoi on 15 Feb. 1^04, in which Coo;- 
mtKiori* Sir Nntlifttiicl Dnntv <Jrfm>t<fi! tin- 
French Rginulrvin commnnded by Admiral 
LitioiB- From Bombay \Veat«Jl vtsitet! tho 
>Iahratta MotintftinR,aM macle cofcfal draw- 
ing» of lliv cav«-temp]es of Kurlee uid 
EUpliantA, buL ho dKlined, to his subso- 
quctil. iT-i^rvi, au iiivilation from Sir Arthur 
WtJlesIty to ftccompany the- army to Serin- 
gapatAm. Hu rL'tumud to Eoglaiid uurly in 
lSQJ3,biit Rlurlnd in iIm Hurainrr on a wcmiil 
voyage to Madeira, ■wherv- he ap^nt a year of 
gTvut «nJoyiiL<.-nt and induetr)', followed by 
ft fow nionl)ii4 in .lamnicn. Un luA rRtum to 
Eo^Laod he set to vork to paint picttiree from 
thii materials accumutatcd during* t-bcM 
travelii, and in 1808 he held an exhibition 
of his works in Brook Street, Jlanovrr 
Squani, which obiaiiied only a modcraiu 
HurceNK. IIi4 exhibited (en foreign viuwii in 
Tv&t^rcolours ot tliu ^alli^ry of tho AsMitlak-d 
Artistxiii IrtfM.dtuI feflff-n dniwiiig*, thiellv 
of "Worcestershire and the Wy<?, In 18()}). 
Ho left that society OD 27 Juno 1809, on thu 
grOMnd that he wb.i onji^gcd in oici^ciilin)^ 
commiBsions for oiE-pQiotin^. Nevertheless 
be became an a«s(x-iiito of tho Old Wuwr- 
eolour Society nn 11 June 1810, and a full 
member on 10 June ISlI. He contributed 
only thirteen drawings in It*ll and 1812 to 
that weiuly'B e\hibilions, Tliwe were chieHy 
■news in China, Xew l^outh ^\'a]es, an^ 
Uaduira, but thc^y iiieliidud ulw two draw- 
ings of Kieraiilx Abbpy, Yorkshirp, 1811 
(one of tbeae. s large vit-vr of the iatorior, 
18 now ill tbf! British Miim-iiih ), und sovcral 
akelche? of the Thamifl at Tendon. 

Westall prepared lor piiblicQt ion the draw- 
ing* made durinc thu iil-fiited vnyngM of dis- 
covery (one of tnese, ' I'ort Jackson,' IWU, 
ia now in tho South Kt^nsinj^on Mna^iinu). 
flinders returned to l^nf^tand in 1K|0, 
and his book, ' A Voyage to Tiirra A ustra- 
lie,' with lino-eonuvinga after Wort all 
by J. Hvrofi, S. Aliddininn, J. Pre, and 
W. Woouioih, wafl published in July 1S14. 
Wiwtall was nli!o employed hy iho admiralty 
lo make pictuiva from iioiDe of the vicWB, 
which were exhibited at the Koyal Aca- 
demy in 1812. In the Mime year he wan 
elected an associate of the Itoyal Academy, 
and Tvsicncd hia memberahip of tbo Ufd 
Watercmour Sooiery. He mver bi-came a 
full academician. The mnat important of the 
eoventy wurka which he oxhihilfd at ihu 
Koynl Academy were the follnuing: 1813, 
'A View of St. Panrs from Bnnluide;' 



1814, ' Itichmond, Yorkahiie/ and 'Scene in 
A Mftndarin'a Garden,' a rcininiscence of an 
adTeaturo near Canton; 1817 and 1^24, 
'Views in tho Maliralla Mountainii;' If-^, 
• View of Lttkt \VilUTrorc«;' 1HJ7. * Vitw 
in the Vnll«y of St. Vinci^nt, Madeira;' 
IB28, drawings of Flephanta; 18iO, *Vicw 
of Norwich ;' lB4rt, ' Tiie Com me nee mem of 
the iJeluge.' He ako exhibitod thirty paint- 
ings and drawings at the IJritidh liiKtitution, 
and .wven in thi- SiifTutk Street, lialltry. 

After hift final K'Uli'meut ill England 
'Wostnll was very largely employed in the 
illuMtrst ioii of io[X)gra|ilucal works for.'Veker- 
mann, Itodweil and JUartin, and other pub- , 
lishors. In nianr cases the aquatints or 
lithogrBplu>,a« wkII a9> theori^inaIdniwiit(;f8, 
were by bis own hand. Among thefc may 
be mentioned: 1. Aniiiitints — twelve 'Views 
of tho Oaves near Inghston, Ciordnlo Sear, 
and Malbaio Cove in Yorkshire' 181S; 
' \''iewa of the Abbcja and CastUa in Vork- 
fihifo' (four plates hy M'eMall), ISiX); 
'Views of tlio Lakes' {twelve platw), 1830; 
'Picturesque Tour of the Iliver Thame-i' 
(twenty pliite^ by Westall}, IS'JS; ' Vi^-ws 
of (hu Alhiunbm '(fuurtven platee hyWr-«itall 
iifliT T. U. H. Hiicknali I-jitcourt*^ 1832-3; 
' Banorama of Thirlmere,' 18.13 ; * Foutitama 
Abbey and Sitidley ICoyal' (eight plates), 
Iftm. 2. Lithographs— eix * Vicwa of the 
Lakee,' drown on zinc: fonr panonmiie 
views of T'Minbiirgli, ] S'23 ; ' Views on tbe 
Thnmea' (thirty-five plates), 1824; 'Viewa 
in Egrnt and Xnbia, after S. Boaei, 1824 ; 
aijc 'Views of Windaor Caatle,' 1831. In 
addition to these, many drawings by Westall 
wore engraved by other artiats for lopo- 
graphical books and us stccl-plsto illu«tni- 
tions to the annuals. 

I'he litlos quoted above tell the storr of 
Wisl.air* lifu during tliese TBam. in wfiich 
be painted tew pictures for exhibition. Ilia 
home wnit at Oulwich, bitt after paying his 
first visit to the Kiiglish Inkea in ItfU he 
sDeut part of every winter till 1820 uuar 
Keswick. B\inDi&- thcsii vieita he became 
intimate with Wortlsworth, Southey and 
Sir George Beaumont. At fiedliiTgli in 
1815 bo hvcAUO acquaiulod with tbe i4edg- 
wiek family, and on 22 Sept. 1^*20 ho married 
Ann C178&-1862I. youngest daughter of 
Bichard 8«lgwiek (17.30-1828), vicar of 
Bent, Yorkshire (€tiKK, TJfe and Lettera 
of Adam Sfdsu-icX; 18!t0, i. 37; for a pop- j 
trail of Richard S<*dgwick by Westall, eeet 
p. 324). After his marriage he took & 
house in St. John's Wood, where lie spent 
tlie rdnninder of hia life, with the cxi^eption 
of a residence of aeven year* in .'^urn.-y. In 
tho spring of 1847 ho vUtled Paris. In th^i 



L 



r 





Westbury 



Bmimim 

M^% Wo«4, m SS Jm. 

o( WattB m cm- 

' ^ bfcm VcM^ M» «r iW Aita< 

Tbiwi»iwi' a*cM^. t. »«. tst-t, ni-i 

<M dWK I ■■- iBia^cw 'd lU boob 

a D. 

WS3TBURT, fim Btaos. [Bee Bb- 

WSSTOOTE. Rlk«l rSce Lnnum, 
WtLUXM IIes»i, Srrt l»n». lT34-Ii>W; 
LrrTti.n>\, WilUax HE:iBT, third bum, 
iraS-lhST; LTmuns, GrotWB WiLUAM, ' 
fowtk buoe, Ittl7-I6T6.] 

WEBIOOTB, mouAS (J. ladt-iose), 

liotiapBpb«-,fa*|«UMltt6hobto(^iiiDeTO]i- , 

Am OB 17 JoM 1M7, vw Um third aoo of i 
FUip WeMcote of W<Mt lUddon in ihe 
■VMB of SbobrookBt b; his wife KathsiiDe, 
dso^rttr of Qcocge Wklthftm ofUrenlon in 
tbv pftrid) of ExminMer, l^TOubin:. In hi* 
500th ' b« Tm* a acildier, « traveller, *nd a 
conrtiiT,' buc in middle wt be 'retired to » 
i>riv&i« cgantiy htr,' umkbXj nfOing it 
WeetUaddonwith hi.4«ldMit hnlhfr, Robert. 
In ieS4 he bald n Uu« of Tbom I'ark in the 
Dciahboaring |wmb uf Ilulcnmlw Bumvll. 

On retmoif 10 the ooiinlri- \Vi«tc«t« h6- 
fim to inlerett himMlf in local antiquities, 
end hia tutu wen enoonngsd bf hi^tricod- 
ahip with tbo topographer* Sir WtlUam 
] 'of>* {} 5<1 1 -1 naS) f q.T.] utd TriAtram Uisdon 
[q. T.J He was aesiimu uf undvrLaJung » 
deecription of DeTCOalitrf-, similar to that 
aCiCoinpli«bedforCD)Dwall bjIUvbaidCarew 
(1665-I<£K)) rq.T.l Ho was cmcmirafrwl in 
bia de*igo by Kdward Boiiivbier, earl of 
Bat I], and compiled two coltectionBj'AView 
of 1>Kvtini)bire,' in which, after a ffcncrol 
dinertalioo on thu liiitory of the coimlv. he 
gBT« a lonograbbtcal acrount of its condition 
aboiitl8M),aaJtbc'I*cdign}c«oftaostofou7 
JJeroodiire Kamiliea/a compilation conl-ain- 
iBff nttieh gtnealogical information, but im- 
plied by 'MnDeMrqpouxmintnlii-xntidiTrorB.' 
UlietwonanusenptAwerfpiihli.-thi'datF.xeter 
in 1S46, undiT the editorship o^l'Georjrt' Oliver 
(1781-18(11) [q. v.] mid of Pitman Jone*. 

Wcstwto wiut burii^J at Sliobroolie, but 
the dal« of Li* dt^nlh ia uncertain, aa the 
rogiatvr of burials betwupu May 1830 and 
July 1044 i> miMiiifi. Hh vrn* uiarried to 
Mary (rf. lOW), i-ldefit daiijihtcr nnd co- 
boinw of lUchwrd Uoberts of CoubeMiutui, 




PtTwAJTB. By her h» had one mb, ! 
{i, IMIX and four aurviring ilaught 

[SUmm pveBxed to thm V[ew of ^maim, 
tUAi PtiiiM'i Woitbtea of Dofoo. 1701, 
pk i6S; VlTun'a Vtaitfttiona ot Daroa. p. 771-1 

E. I.e. 

WB8T00TT, GEORGE IIL.\UDi'.V 
(I'-Uf-lTOdl.iraptain in t.lionaTT.burnabuui 
t T-IA, Mid to lisve b>v» I \iv mn uf a bakn in 
iloutoa,)atnrd tbe •2t*~gua fnpktc Solefaaj,« 
aMtcr*» mate, uudvr t bv cotuniand nfCaplaie 
LodwO'Brycn, in 1708. Aa Riaoteriitiabt, 
ahi* ■■man, and luidsbiptnan. he oontisaid 
ill the Solehar for nfnrly fire vean iiadcr 
OTtrrra andOearffe Vandfput q.r.] A(l«> 
wanf* bu wa« for thrmj Tears in tbo Albic« 
u ntddhipman with S«mueL Barriti^taa 
[^q. T.j and John l^veaon-Gower [q. v,}, aad 



10 Jan. "177«l, 
appearing' tn 



pa and his examination on 
when be wh described an 
be * more than (went r-two.' II*^ can tdtctiy 
have been lesa than ibirty at this time, (.la 
B Atif". 1777 he was pnitnot^d to be beii- 
l«nant of tlx' Valtant. still with Gower.ud 
afttuwanU with Hamuwl Gfanstoa Ooodall 
[q. T.I: was in her in the action olf Unhant 
oa 1*7 July 1778; in the llwi under Sir 
Cbarlra ITardr the youo^r la. r.1, in tb 
•unuaer of 1^79; and iindor vire-adminl 
(rfo^^^* Darby at the relief of Gibraltar ka 
April 1761. In November he was mdvid 
into th^ Victorr, carrjiiig the flag of I^w- 
ailmiml Richard KompenffU [q. t.~' in bu 
brilliant altack on llio French eonvoT tm 
12 Dec., nnd of Itichanl, lord lIow« rq'.T.'. 
in tb<< relief of Uibrultar nnd the nctian r4 
Cape Spartel in October 1782. In ITNl-T 
(after eer\-ice in the Medway) b« wa« 6r« 
lieutenant of th« Snliaburr, carTTtne iW 
broad pennant of Cnmmodot^ John Ellini 
id. I80ti) [q. T.l, commimder-in-chief ia 
Aewfoundland, and on 1 l>«c. 17ei7 wu 
promoted to be commander. In 1780-60 bt 
coBunandod the Fortun» sloop, and horn 
herwu promou-d ta be caplotn on 1 (Jet 

1700, and be was appointed to the Lowka 
as ilai;-cuptain to hia old chief Goodall. 

The London wa« paid nil' in the eni! of 

1701, a&d WcBtcott remaini<d on kalt-paif 
till September I7(>3, when he joined th» 
Impref^iableaa flar^aptain to ReoiHidiainl 
Benjamin Caldwell [q. v.], with wbon 1m 
toolt part in the battlx nf I Jun« 1791. 
Aflerwards be followed Caldwell to li» 
Majestic, went wilb him to the WestladM 
and rcmainod thcr» with Sir John LsSMtf 
[q. T.], whom he bmugbt to England ia 
June 1706. Asa prirate ship ih» MsjniW' 
then joined the Cbiinncl lleet, was 
Colpoys off Breat in rk-ivmlxT, and 
Bria[Port daring tbti mutiny at " 




\Vestcott 



3SI 



Western 



in April and May 1797. Towards the 
(tod of ibo jeor she joLocd tb« lle«t off 
CailiE undet tli« Karl of St. Vincent, »nd 
in May 17&S wus ooe of tht; ships 
jifint ii[i thp Mttliti*n-anefln [sep Tbou- 
iiKiuau, SiK TuoMAs] to join Sir Honitio 
N«lson (ViHCOunt Nelaon) [q. v.l In the 
buttle of the Xiln Iwr portion in tte rew of 
the line made her ratU<<r Iste in cotDlDR into 
Action, and in the <Liirknc»a mad fttnoke Hhc 
mu hcTJibboom tutothi; [iiaia-ri^iiig of the 
French Ileureus, in which poaiiion she ro- 
maioi'd caught for gcv-TuI miuut'-s ttuJ »ul'- 
f«n?d heavy lojut. Al. thLHliiue Wi-ntcott was 
killed hy n miiflket-ball in the tbrout, Imt 
ttiu ship was (gallantly rou^jht Ihnnigli t)it> 
battle by her tirst li^iili-nant, Cuthbert, who 
was promoted to the vacaot command on 
ihti nt'xl day by N(!ti»on. 

It ia 03 ono of tho celebrated ' bund of 
bruthcis' and by bis d^ath in the hour of 
viutory that Wostcott is K'st known. Col- 
liiiKWDoO wrote of him : ' A good otHcer and 
u worthy man; but, if it wan a puit of our 
c'viiililioti Lu chuojie a duy to iIii;on, wtJ^•^« 
coiiid he have found one bo memorable, ho 
«mini;mly distiuKnishvd umonjif ftr^ut days f ' 
And (loodall wty^Ia: *Ile-ileepfl inlhebedof 
honour, and in all probability will be im- 
rnortalittd unon^ the heroes in the Akbr-y. 
Jiequietcat in pace. Never could he have 
died more honourably. 1 have him to lament 
wnoni; niD,Dy deferring; men whom I hove 
patronieet], tliat have passed awav in the 
prime of their lives' (Nicoi-ab, HeUon Dt^ 
patcArt, iii. d9-7). A monument to hit 
memory was erected at the public expense 
in St. Paul'd. AtUaniton also a uioQuniL'nt 
w«« iTccti'd by KiilMMription. 

WeMcolt left a widow and daughter. In 
January IsOl, passing throo|;h Iloniton, 
Nfrlnon invilccl them to breakfast, and pr«- 
sented Mrs. We«tcott with hia own Nile 
tDcdal, saving-, ' You will not value it lc£s 
beoatiM llelson bus worn it.' Un 17 Jan. 
1801 he wrote to Liidy Haniilton : ' At 
llonit uu I visited Capt uiii VV'estcot L*a mother 
— jMior Chirif;, i>ii~ei]L fwiin the Kiiiiity iif 
government and Lloyd'e, in very low oir- 
Ciirnxtuncvs. Tho brother is a tailor, but 
harl they lv>fn chimney-sweepers it was my 
duly to show them respect' (Mbs. Cixuuir, 
IfeiMn'i f'rieniMi/iii, t. 64). 

[Thero is no riicord of Westoott'B life beyond 
the logs Rnd pay-booki of lh» ships in which 
bo serrod, in tha Public RoMrd Offlcs. So far 
ns it mn be tovtcd, the trnditiouBl aiici»lote 
(Nnvnl Chnmiclo, xii. 4A3> is uaworthy cif 
cndit ; but it scams prehablo that, whethur in 
n kbtp fit wiir or ii munhiininHiii, Wi?»tci'll'8 be- 
giutiing* woro vrry huniMa.] J, K. L. 



WESTEBN, CHARLES 0\ LLIS, 
Bi.ito<t Wester.-* <17t;7-I844), elder son of 
Oharlca Western of Itiveuhall, Ewes, by 
Frances Shirley, daughter and heirosa of 
William Itollan of !.ondon, and ffmudsoo of 1 
'J'boiuua Western (d. 1766), by ,\nnc,dangli- 
ter of Robert Cnllis, was bom on 9 Aug. 
1707, His great-grandfather, Thomaa \\'i:«- 
irrn {li. 17M.t) of ItirenhiLU, inurriL-d Maty, 
danzhterand coheiress of Sir liichanl Shirley 
of Preston, Sussex, a near rolutive of the 
three fumous brothers of l-lliialMtl h«n fume. 
Sir Antony, Sic Itobcrt, and Sir Thomna 
Shirley [q. v.] ; a proup of \Vc»U'ni and hia 



family \vu.m iiainted hr Hofarth, and is now 
nt iliu fkmily jieal, hVliJt Hall, Kelvedon, 
Essex. 

Young Western was educated tie Xow- 
comb'fl school, Ilachney, nt Eton, and at 
Cambridge, but apparently loft the oni- 
verBitT without graduatlua. His fslhir died 
when lie was four y«ara old, aiid upon attain- 
inff his majority be succeeded to tin- Kiven- 
hal) estates, ]iurchauug, two years later, that 
of Felix Hall, Kelvedon. To thin matuiion, 
when) he resided, he added a fine classic 
porti[M>, conMrucCeil from n «cale drawing of 
the Komau temple (if Fortunn Virilis. given 
in EJi'iigodflx'ii ' Cditiees Antiques do Komo,* 
Paris, 1682. lie tilted the Imuse with vs.- 
limble busl«, urns, sarcophagi, and other 
obji-cts coU(-cled during his i ravels abroad. 
Tuey are piven in a * iiescriptive Sketch of 
Ancient 8tatues, Bust«, S:c. at FuUx Hall 
. . , with platcfloF tho moat striking objects 
in the Collection.' Chelmsford, I8.'i3. 

Wnstcm was relnmed to parltiim*<nt on 
IS Juno 17W as member for jtlaldon, which 
borough he represented until Irtl'J, when h» , 
obtained a seat fur bis county, and retained 
it for twenty jfinr*. During his forty-lwo 
years in parliament he becjtme the mouth* 
piece of (be ugricnlCursl interests in tha 
commona, and boldly attacked, althnngU 
without any immediate result, iht cunvaejr' 
question, with which the welfare of agricul- 
ture wsfl, he considerwJ, iudissolubly bound. 
If not tbu author, he was one of the lendinif 
prouiotum of the corn bill of 181R, yet 
through his long life he remnined a staunch 
ailvocateofpnttuction, as strongly o]>pose(l to 
tlielixeddiityof ihiT whigsiisto thelroe-trada 
doctrines of the league. On 7 March IBlfl 
he moved that tlK> house should rvsolvo itself 
into rnnnnitleo m considftr tho dl*tre«Mid 
state of agriculture in tho t'uilvd Kingdom 
(Speech printed iu the Pamphlet eer, I^undon, 
ItflU, vii. mi). 

The treatment of criminals nXro occupied 
Wuatom's nltention, and he made a tour of 
the gaols in s«vonil KngHsh counties before' 



Ivestern 



352 



TVestfalTng 



imoif * B«iavV» upiia Prijaa Di»ripluie: 
m LaCMr tdilp^oe'l tn tiit Lortl-lj«ut«BaoC 
■mi KigiMnta at xSm Cawaxj at tfnwii.' 
Laadaa. lAH, 8w. Tbb na Colknrad h; 
'TkmighflB OB PtiMM DticifliBa amd A» 
ftmmt Stau of tk« Pblie* of tb* Mum- 
polia^' LiMiJnB, 1892, Sto^ wttk « den^ for 
ft Bodal hoon of luitwtJon to contain taax 
hnadnd priKRwn, bf TESt) Winiam Cubitt 
[q. v.^ iIm inTemar of tha twadnit]!. Tlu 
HVliar tract waa bighljr prau*«l in dw 
'BtotuUlt Review' [xxxvi. 353), and 
bulk wan aaawarvd Irr Qmtft BoUonl 
fai ft *V1adieation of ua Otnnl fma- 
tmiftfTitSlilbsnk.' Losdon.tEiS.e'ra; i»- 

Waatam'a auppon ot tht whi^ in tbeir 
loog- rtnq^a tat etadonl lefens coat him 
Ua Mat, loir at the Snc elaetioD after tha 
fMainv of th« Bafinv BOi ba «M difratad b; 
tWcf-«ixnCaa(MDe&tSSSV HalmifKf^ 
ricea, bowervr, w»ni tmiiMJiatalj tvwanJed 
by Lord MelboBme, who reooatmendad 
kuilarapeen9e,aadoa 28 Jan. 1833 be 
waa csMtad Bum WMRem of Rmoihall, 
Ettn. Ob 31 SCaicb IS^l a pcwenutioft 
waa nad« bin at Cbelmaford by the ooaatj, 
wheCB btt WM axtmnelj poDuur. Bat aJ- 
tboofrb ha bad made bia mark in tbe lower 
honae ai ft maftkar of niftt abUiej-, ha aaldon 
took pazt m thm dtbUaa of tba locdi, and 
tbaaeafbrtfa lived in on^antne retbwBwit, 
derelad to piBcttcal uupiufaiaaota in Ikrm- 
in|7, and rxparimcBta wbicb b« invited all 
agrienltDriBta to eiBffline. He gave bin 
attention panicnlari; to improring tbe breed 
of (bcvp; baactt hi* nuu waa loop known 
and boocHtred in tbe c olcwuea for ba tkilAil 
cflbrta to * place Merino wool upon a Lei- 
OMtar carcaw.' 

Waetcm died at Felix Hall on 4 Nov. 
1844, and was buried on tb« 13tb in Riven- 
hall cbnrch witb bb aneeators. He wa» 
unmarried, and the peenga bacame axtinct. 
The estates deTolr«a upon WealamVeouain, 
Thoinu Barch Weftetn of TaUngitooe 
IVik, StttTolk, who wascrBated a baronet on 
2U Aug. itta. 

A portrait by Coplev of Wealeni and bit 
bfotbw Sbirley is at Folix HalL 

Beside those abore mantionad, Western 

SaUisbed tba following pan^ibleU : 1. ' Ad- 
rcM to the IjuJownerB of the Uaited 
Empire,* Lontlon. ISl»2, Bvo. 2. *3HWod 
Addrea* nod ^uppl^ment,' London, 1^23,8Ta 
3. ' Letter to toe Earl of Liverpool on tbe 
Cauwa of our prv««nt Embamusmrat and 
Distress, and lla- Meeaurev neccsanry for our 
eOectual lleli^f/ Loodon, 1836, 8to. 4. 'A 
few pnctical Itemarka upon tlio ImproTe- 
sieilt of Unua Ijaiid by oiiHuia of Jrrigttioo, 



Wntar Flon&w, and DnisaiR.' 

iaSS,8vo. a^Trl- w.;,^-,^^^ 

Law* e«ent>al to tha gmmal PMs-nteaf 
tbe Empms,' flrd edit. UadM. iSUW 
O. ' Leci^v to tita Cbaimftn of tSm BIm^ 
of Bi m i n g h a m Oba»b«r of rnniMiiui m- 
•anbled at tba Waterloo Pim^' |mJ|M 
1*43, evoL "«— . ummm. 

tCb^Btfuit ChnmirU. 8 and IS Xov_ lUi; 
E-«H«aU.tJ«.I8SS; 'nl■•^ i Not. !«** , 
Barka tPmngt. 7th cdiL 1841 ; OOeml R«tvw 
of ai«mbM* ot Pari. : lutiabiucb Bcriev, 
EZvLJniw 1810, pi. US: ——"Bitnr i t rn B 
baUebttrcb; pn'vua iafttraatMo.] C. F. 



ttvw 

i 



„«K^;?infG or WESrPHAL 

HZRBEBT a532 ?-l6(K^>, bishop of U«- 
fofd, boRi in London aboot IftSl or IW. 
' waa the son of Harbart "■'ntyhaliiTf a r«- 
dent in London, and tba (laadiMt of liarWrt, 
a nauve of Westphalia. Bm beoune a Bo- 
dttt of Christ Cbueh, Oxfon), in lUT.sw- 
plu»t«d B^. m ISei.and fTftdnnbrd uJl 
oa li' July 135.V OnlSDee. IMlbet««lt 
tbr Atgn^ of BJ)., and proceeded DJ). m 
18 Feb. 1M6-6. U IbSo ba joined in a 
»«i»mal to the Eari of Leieester mjwiatiBr 
bim to nmoiot tbe juritan Tbomaa Sunp- 
•on [<i. r.J dean of Cbriat Chmch i Atkih, 
AmmtM«fat S^rmatim, 18SM. I. il UT^l 
Tha^pbntKmwas sueoeaafaL la tbe laX- 
loww ytu West&ling wa* ordained prirrt 
by Etbnuftd Gnndal fa. v. J, biafaop of Loo- 
doo. and OB 7 March I^l-S h« waa tnsUlM 
a eaaon of ChrL«t Cburch. throngfa the Mt(Da> 
ap of Sir William Cadi ( Cat Statt l^tn. 
pom. IWT-M, B. 196). On 16 Deo. iMi 
be waa appointea Margaret pnjfi aaor of di- 
vinity, bat reainad the poet in tbe bwinDiar 
on{)64. Inlfieg'bekamcdlTdiawit^btfoR 
Qneen Elizabeth in S. Mark's Church.' Oo 
SO Sept. 1667 be was collated treaa urer of tbf 
dioeeaaofLoodcnsandon 29 Julv 157l'«u 
institnted rector of Brightwell Baldwin at 
OzfoTdahire,whiefa ha received Ueense to IwM 
wiih his Other {rafonnenta. On S3 ^nnt 
1570 be was adouttad viee-duneaUoc of tb* 
anirfirsityofOxJavd,aBd on 14 Jolyhcwsi 
oomlnaiM menber of a comminioa ap- 

Jf>int#d by Orindal to viait lh« city uA 
iocvse of Glouoeoter, wberv (.-ompUiDte h^ 
be«R Butde Bgaiftst the dean and diaptet. 
iMtructions w«rc drawn up by the coomia- 
sion enjoining on them a more oltiM ob- 
aermnco of tL«ir dntim (Stktpb Uft y 
Grindal, 1821, pp. SI"). 318. i.A ^ lirbr, 
1821, i. 319). 0« 29 May ISf? be n-attf 
pconted a canon of Windsor. 

Weat&ling was diaCinguisbed for bit tai 
for tbe Donveraion of Rraaan caUtolit; 
aants. In IMUl h« pnbliahed a control 




Westfaling 



353 



Westfield 



work entitled 'A Tr«&ti4e of JivfornjAtioa 
in l{«li(non, diiiided into A^uen Sermona 
pTuucbuJ in uxururd. . . . iliiraunto arc nddiHl 
two bu-rmiiiLi touching- th* Hui>per of tbo 
Lurdo ' (Lotidoa, 4to |, in wliicb ou juslificd 
liio rt-rnrrnulion of n ri^lig'ion in whii-h (lixl 
vtB not rightly served by the example of 
Cliriit cutmg th*> money- clianfp>rs out of 
tlio TfTnipli'. Tn the »nm>s yonr lie was in- 
cluded by tbe lords io council in a list of 
thoM divines whom thcyconsidcrt'd'flt and 
ab1« pcnoiu ' to bt- t-mpluyud in conferences 
with JMaifB and olhor recuiwnta {Stbvpc, 
Annah, ill. i. ■J'2b, Life qf WAitifi/t, 'i&2'2, 
i. ISia). On 17 Nov. IviSo lie wa« uominatet) 
Hehup of Hereford, in succession to John 
ScOfy [q. v.], Hiid WM* coiW"Cniti;d at. Ijam- 
beth on 30 Jan. lo8R-ti (SiKVi'i:, Li/ti <^ 
Whity'ift, i. \m-l i Cal. State Paprr*, noni. 
V,m-m, i>. 209). On 7 (let. i:>«7 he s^nt, n 
report, such as was demanded from most of 
the bishops, f ODcerning the suitability of the 
justices of ihi ptmcu iu bin diocese, aud 
«specialiv concerning their treatmtut of r6* 
cuMiitM (8tbype. Aimalt, iii, i. 669, ii. 4-'^3 - 
466). On 'li^t J>e(T. \h^2 Iik tnudn nn oration 
Iwforv tbp queen in Se. Mary's Church hi 
Oxfonl. His vxordiiim wss tvdioua, and 
theijueen' sent twice to him to cut it short, 
because she benelT intended to make a ptih- 
lic Bp<NM:h that evening.' Tho bi.ihop, how- 
ever, ri>ru9tHi to be compreiised, and Elizu- 
betli was obliged to defer her BpvL'ch until 
ihft foUoK'inff day. Wu«t.fuling died on 
1 March 1001-2, and was buried in thu 
north tranwpt of Iloreford Ciit-hcclrftl. His 
will, diiltfd (J Ai4f. ItWl, wa» proved on 
ID April IHO:!. !ly it hp befiiicathed the 
utunuT of 13»toh Ju llcrururdshirv t<i Je«us 
('olh'Ke, Oxfoni. Ht- niiirtiitd Aiine(ii. 1&1>( t, 
dauRbLtT of William IWlowltf. I6y>:t)[q,v.], 
bislitip cif Ohiclinfter, anil widow of Auguatin 
limdbridge nr Hrodbridge, prebendaiy of 
Salisbun. By her he had one aon — Her- 
bert — and threw duuf;hti>r^: Anne, married 
to William -lefiiries ; Mujr^ret, mnirii^d to 
Tticliard Edea or Eedea [q. v.], deiin of 
Worci^tw; and Eliiabi-lh, married to Ito- 
btrt Wftlwvii of iN'ewland in Worceatorshire. 
William \^'alwyn [q. v.] waa htr sou. 

Wenlfaling wan a man of gruat gravity 
of demeanour. FranciaGodwin [q. v.] iU\Xx* 
that diiriuif a fnoiilinr acquaintance of many 
jifar* b(^ ftraroely saw him laugh (7)« Pra- 
fuiitfiit, 1743, p. Itiu). llie portniit i8 in 
lb* picr.nro-trullcry of the Bodleian Library. 
Some laudatory verses by him were aHixud 
lo ' JoEinnis Juelli Vila et Mora' (,I<ondon, 
1&73, 4to), by Laun^nci) Humphrey or II um- 
frey fo- v.], a«il two "bort poems in his praise 
I by n ilUam tiager are pruservcd in toe U- 
I TOL. LX. 



brary of thv Dritish Muguum (^Add. MS. 
Sa683, If. 71-2). Westfaling wan the author 
of a maukiiwript translation entitled * A Di<t* 
course of tjuintuit Cii'cro to his brother 
Marcus concerning Sueto for the Consul- 
■hip,' which is preservied in the llodl'eiaa 
Library. Somi' I.Atia verae*, 'In tertiam 
sepultiiram Kath«rin» Petri Maityris uxoria 
carinon.'aflixed to the 'niatoria vers deVita 
Obitu(]ue . . . D. Martini Uucvri ei Paul! 
Fagii ' of Conradna Uubertus (Stnubur^g, 
UtQ'I, 4to), are st^uud 'Ilarbertus WeBt„* 
and ore perhaps wniten bvWyntfaliijg. Some 
poema in Latin and Kng'Iii^h hyhini ari> pre- 
surved in tin: Library of CambridifQ Univsi- 
sityCMS.Ff.v. U). 

[Wood's Athenn Oxon. cd. BIim. i. SGfi, 7t9~ 
721, "jm. ii. 8^a-6i \\ooA'« Fn>li Ox«n. od. 
JtliRs, i. 200 1 Lo Neva's Fasti Kcdas.AiiulicanM;i 
Tarinar's Bill. BriL-Hlb.; Wuod'r, Iltot. iiii(t| 
Anrii^. of tho Unirotsity of Oxford, cd. tiuteh,] 
roL ii. panini.] E. 1. C I 

WESTFIELD, THOJLiS (ir>73-16M), 
bi.<>hon fif Rrifllo!, was born in lb*; pariah of 
St, Mary's, Lly, in, 1573, ' and tlmru brnd at 
thii inv school unde<r Master .SpiKhl.' Ii« 
proceeded to JesuaCollego.Cambridp!, where 
Lo waa elected a scholar, and nflvrwurds 
hdd a fellowship frum 1000 to ll)0:t. [le 
graduated B.A. in 1592-3, M.A. in 1596, 
and U.D. iu 1C04. Ho was incorporalod 
H.U.at Oxford on 9 July 1611, proceeded 
It.U. at Cambridge in IOIi>, and wus rein- 
coiporatcd I>.D. at Oxford on '23 March 
\&iX. On ti Aug. Itll9 he was admitted a 
stade&t at Grayalnn (ffra^'j Inn AUmMian 
lUg. od. Foster, p. ISA). 

After aervingsa ciirati-atSt. Mary-le-Bow 
under Nicholas Felton [q. v.] Iil* was pro- 
Minted to Ibp rectory of r?ouih Souii!rcot«» 
in Lincolnshire in lUOO, which he exchanged 
on 18 Doc. 1606 for the LondDu livioK of 
St. Uartholomew, SmitUfield. On 28 April 
It!15 be was appointed to the rectory of 
HuruH'y, which ho retained until 1637. On 
32 April ](H4 Ii« was nominnled to the pre- 
bend of Keldstreet in St. Paul's Church, 
which on 1 Mnrch 1614-16 he exchanged for 
that of Cadingt^n Major On 14 Nov. 16S1 
be was collated archdoacoii of t^t. Albans, 
and on 1 7 Due. 16^ was included in a royal 
Dooimiaaiou to oxerciM ecclraiaetical jiinV 
diction in England and Wales {Cal. Slate 
Papers, Dom. 10.33-4, p. 327). 

(hi tbe outbreak nf iho civil war he con- 
tinued to nuido in London, but, falling undi-r 
KUiipicioii of royalist sympathies (cf. i^. ItllO, 
p. 1^64), hff was 'ahuaod in the streets aud 
sequestered fnsm t^t. Bartholomew.' He flvd 
to the king, end on 2G Anr'ii ltvt2 was con- 
aecnt«d bishop of Urishu, to aucccauoo to 



Westgarth 



354 



Westgarth 



IhAttt Skinner [q. v.] He had been oftered 
tba Hints diooew is eulj ns 1617 * ns a main- 
tshince, but lio lliun wifuMfl il ; but now 
hiiving gotten some wealth he accepted it, 
tlint be mi^bt adoni it irith honiitality out 
of hisnwnesWte." Westfield IipW liisotbRf 
oERcea t'n commettdam with his bishopric-, 
probitblT vritbout detWrng anyrcTc^uc Irotn 
thatn. 1'b« emolumeats of bi» bishopric 
also were &t first retftin^ from him by the 
jwrliumviitaiy party, but dii 13 May 104-? 
thcv were relstoftrj to him by urdt-r of the 
parltitiui-titnn' committuo of KtHjuustratiuns 
iiiit of rcii|HN.'t f<ir lit* cbamctcr, ami bx vtM 
givsn a paas tn Rristol. "niis goful trtait- 
nicnt may hav« bt!cti due to hifi coneimt to 
Attenil rhrt Wfatminster ■»wmbly, which 
net on 1 July. Although bis ebaie in the 

JiroccCilitififi wiu lunull, ]w wiu pn-«cnl ftt 
east at thii Brat mebtitit^, 11k ilivd ou 
Su June; I<U4, anil was burieil in tbt cboir 
in Bmtol UalbirOrul, whnru a ni<inuiDL-nt 
wn« erected to liim by bin wifu KU/nbrtth 
(J. 16-W), (lnu^bttT of Adolphus Mpelkirlt, 

SrcfeiduuL nf Fliuidere. Ry hor bii bad a 
aurhtOTGHEnbeTb. 
WTOtfioUl was a oiiin of nerrous tempera- 
ment. Hud At Oxford, on the only f>cca«ioii 
ou which lis preached before tb« king, he 
VM no Agitated that h« fitintod avtav. lit- 
waa no pu,tbelic ii pnucbur oa to hn callud 
th« weeping Drophet. Ul- was the author 
of two collections of sermons: 1. 'Knglands 
Face in IsivlsOtasee.or iho Siai]<», Mvrciun, 
Jiiflp-mcnta of both Nations,' eight aermona, 
Lcuidoii, 1(140, 4to; LomioDi 1056, 4to: rv- 
printed, with tJirpn oilier nrrnmn*, unili;r tbp 
title ' Klwven choice Semions as tUevfl-ere 
ili-livi-rw! . . . hyTIiommWrsl field , , . iiishop 
of Bristol.' li>iidon, KM, li«. 2. 'The 
W hlte Kolw.or the Surplice vindicated,' four 
•ermons, 1600. l2mo; new edit. lK(i9, 8vo. 
[CoIc'm ColloctioDs in Uric. Mas. Addil. MiSS. 
Mil ft. 78-9, 6830 f. 162 ; Wood'- ^luitl 0«on. 
cd. BliBii, i, 315. ii. 70 ; Walkw's SufTcriufta gf 
the Clergy. IJH. ii. 3; Ll«yd'« MctnoinM, 
1668, ti|>. aOO-ft ; New-court'* Jl'-prrt. IxJmlifi. i. 
96, t28, 290. 053; Lc Nct«'> F,uU Kcdv*. 
Anichcanae ; Lanitdowne MB. ()$&, t. 6'J ; FoaIot'ii 
Alumni Oxon, I.^O0-17U , Fnllera W.irlhic of 
JSngland, 1911. i. 160; llttnuoMy'i Noirum 
B«pert. KmIl's, Londia, IfiOB. pp. 18.27. 101, 
22S: Uarl. M.S. 7170, pp. i;2-JS; HHtUeHBg- 
totiK lli»t. of tbo Wniuiosler AssembSy, 1878, 
pp, 105, 113,] R I. C. 

WESTaARTH,'\VILLIAM(18K>-lt*80), 
Australian eolnnisl andpnlilicinn,eldftstaon 
of John ^Vi*«rgnrlb, «ur» eyor-geneml of 
custwms for Srotland, was born at Edin- 
bur^fh '>n K) .Tune 1816; the family came 
from Weardale, Curbam, where they had 



been well bnown for some genemttona. lie 
was educated by Dr. Bruce at Nvwca^tle-on- 
'Tf-ne, and at the hi^h schooU at I><ith and 



Ldinbur^ leaving school early to unter t^^J 
olGc't nf Oeurge Young & Co., Lmlh, A^^| 
tmlian meKhanta. ^^V 

m 




la. July 1840, n(tract»l by glowing ae- 
counls or the newcolony, We«ig»Ttb dei "■ ' 
to emigrate to I^>rt l*bdlJp, nfterwards 
torin. where lie arrived on I.** Dec. 1840. 
the time ofbis arrival at Melbourne thecity 
was scarcely out of the bush, and wm aim 
at tliu time passing thruuifh ■ period of d^ 
priuuion. lltM^omraencedbuiiiiieAaniiKgenenl 
mercbant and tmnoner, and at the ume 
time throw himsvlP wilb «ucb Inwrljoess into 
the gi'neral life of the Mtrlement that 
soon acquired a special position among 
contemporaries, ror some yc«M h« iasa 
half<yearlr circular on the commeren 
prop^ssol thescttlement. In l^.lhe 
D vixit TO England. In lft4S ho was joined 
by Alfred iWs aa partner, and in 1SI7 
paid anochiT visit tol^rvut Krilain, writings 
□ IK i-nrliuMt book on the colony during the 
Tora^. 

NVpstgnrth Rrst look pari in public aflsir* 
as nn acrivf> member of the 'AufttrAla-^isn 
Auti-transporlatioo League,' which wa* 
formed to oppooe the immigration of crimi- 
nals; he waa secretary to the Melbourne 
btBOch of the lenj^ie. In 18uO he becanM 
member for Melbourne in the legislature of 
New Bouth WhI^h, and he took a promin>;Dt 
part in the Agitation which led to the 
separal ion of Victoria from New South Wi 
in the following year. In the first I-rgi 
tivL' Council for Victoria he was one at 
rm- III hern fir ittclbourae:. He niao vras 
this time elected first president of tb« 
bourne chamberof commerce. As a memi 
of the bnnnl nf education he nromotetl 
foimdiiig of tlie Mechanics' Initilule, 
forerunner of the Melbourne .\thena.'»im. 
thi> legislature he was r«cogiii«cd as 
leader of the ponnlarparty . In le-W be 
taiucd ibu appoLUttncnt of a conimittn 
prison discipline, and, in pursuance of 
policy to which lie bad already commit: 
himself, cnrrted a resolution ai^inst 
further transportation of cottriels to Vi 
toria ; in September of thot yoar he brougl . 
in A bill which CAUficd much sensation, anJ 
was popularly termed the 'Convict Influx 
Prevention Bill.' Possibly the moRt note- 
worthy of hi."* proposals was that for a uni- 
fnnii tanfl' of import duties for all Austra- 
lasian colonietr.iu which howasbrinadranv 
of hill dny. In Mav 185.'ihe n-signed hissnt 
on the council and left the colony on a risit 
to England ; ho rut-umed to October IH^ 



th^, 

I at. I 




Westgarth 



355 



Westmacott 



find llic colonists in tlie middle of thoir con- 
vict wiili the grild-dtggvrs at BalUnit. Hu 
TTM placed on the commiisioa to inquire inlo 
tbi) outlitx-ak, was cliosoD tis chaJnniLii. and 
wn^ acknowledffed to liavt- cniiducCml u. dif- 
ficull inquirv with mucb tact and sucoea. 

Ill 1BA7 Wi-slgnrtlt wax ftf^in siimnioned 
to Kn^land on buaiciraLs. On ihi» oroii«ioa li<? 
t)i?<cidi>d to Tvinnin in London, nod founded 
tlirt firm of WiiRt^rth & Co.,coloniAl broken, 
iigpiitp, and financierti, ntpiillv absorbing a 
Inrp** proportion of tli» businf^M which arbso 
ill coaiieclioa mtli tli« dtimand of lliu Aus- 
tralian colonies for Wna on ihu LuiidniL 
Durket^ and bucomine n U'udin^ Buthorit^r in 
nil matter* cnnni^teil with llituie HMuritii^s, 
Be wi?ll K« a coneiderabie factor in their pro- 
gTPfwivK improriirritnit, Tn 1S81 lit) rvpre- 
ssnted this Mi-lboume ehambi^r of cominercr! 
on tl»e tfirirt" conjfTWS of the coloDJce held In 
Ijondon. Ha vim iiL<itnitnciiTiil in o»t«bli»h- 
mn the pK-sent London chunibtT of t^m- 
Tcif-TCi--, ftiid (law hi« eflbrts 8«cces*fiil in July 
l8l*l. Uo also iiiler>»iU'd hiDt)>vlf in thr* 
honninff of the poor and in tbi' 'vanitatiun 
and ruooDSiruciion of central Ivondon,' on 
which be wrot« an esMiy in 18tU. Through 
tho Socictj* of Arts he olf^red a nerieA of 
priEOi for the b««t practiciU esmve on these 
iwa AnMeole. 

In 18H8, haTiiif; rntired from buaineu, 
Weal^rth rfviiiilcil AFi-llKiiinm to be pivwat 
at the CcDtenniul Exhihirion, and was very 
wamlv rwrivdrJ both thert> nnd in the other 
coloniefi. ITt> ri>tiimi-d in Xovcmhor ISSft, 
and died suddenly in London on I'^OcI, 1S89. 
Westirnrth wft« Cjuiot and nnost*iitai ioua in 
bifl mode of lift-, and wry uivthiMliL'ttl iu his 
work and habils. He hiu) been in nvi-rr way 
■ Iead«r in work foi- ibu social and pulitieaL 
adranwment of the colony <if Viclori:i. Il» 
marri'-J in 18o4. 

\Veiit.garth'9 moitt impnrtitot "work?! were : 

1. 'Itt'jMJrl. on the Position, Capfibilitifs and 
BrMpoct»nfthpAuftralianAboriffiiiefi,'I81R. 

2. 'Australia VaXix : an Account oithi? 8ellle- 
mcntu of I'ort Phillip; ISIM. y. * VJL-toria, 
lale AurtTolia Felix.' lf*5;t. 4. ' Vicloria 
■ad the Australian (iuJd Mines,* I^ondan, 
1867. fl. "Personal J{eei»!WtH)m of hj.rly 
Slflboiinio and Victoria," Mplhounif, 188S, 
6. 'Half aC.'enturyof Aiialrnlian FroRTcss: a 
pt'TSonal ItotiDspeot,' London, 1m8!>. He also 
Milled from tbw nMniiscritit of John Davis 
'Tracks of McKinlny nmi I'urty rctosa An*- 
tndia,' IPOS, and coiitribiiied snv'ml articles 
on Anstmlinn ftnhj.;ctt to thL- ' Encyclopaedia 
Britsnnica,' and papen for ibo Kritidi .\>»o- 
elation on financial qiii^stions, be^iden wri(iri)|f 
novelettes in the Tojuniuuan ' Launcotiton 
Esamincr.' 



(M»lljoarn» Atmii, 30 Oct. 1880; Ja«Dii»U'« 
DioL at An«tn(I. Biagntpbr.] C. A. B. 

WESTMAOOTT.SiRKlfliAUU(177.>- 
18i>ii I, sculptor, was bora in liondmi in 1 77o, 
U« wa« tb« vMviFl vuu of Kiehard Westna-J 
COtt, sculpt'Or, of Mount Street, (iraivvnorl 
SquiLti-, who published in 1777 & neriM 
of twctntv cngnivMl designs for chimaey- 
piecee, with classical ornaments, and dic<l 
on 27 Mareh l^V», af^ UO (OpmL Moy. 
ISOe.i. L»7I). Hiu r(itH.!rpirc him the first 
inst ruction in his own urt, and it-nt him in 
17S)d to Elonie, wbnr>^ lie Htiidiud undt^r (.'a- 
nova, ile math rapid provTviw. and in I7W> 
f^ined tho lirst gold nieda} of thi' acudciny 
of Si, Lukr. otriTud by thu pope, with a bas- 
relief of JitMph and hi* brnthrrn. In the 
Mmu year ho waa elected ft member of the 
arudeuiv of Klorem**. lip luft itome in 1797, 
on the approach of the French army, ond 
trayclk-d by Bologna lo Venice, and ihtitu-o 
through Qftrmany, Tvoching London at lb« 
close of the year. 

Tb« flmt work which be exhibited at the 
Rojral Acadvmy wax a biut of 8ir William 
Cbcimbers in 1797. Ho rnuained a cimalmit 
exhibitor, Miidiug sevural workf- eueh ytn.r, 
with hudly an exctiptiou, till I8;i9, 'niu-r 
which ha rotirvd atuioiit whully from nro- 
Jvuionol practic<:<. t'p Lu 1630 liu exliibiled 
ohleHj mrmiimenlal sKuIptnr^, vHricd liy 
poctmit-biiGtti and atutues. He had n lari^n 
practice, srcoiid only to Clmntrt'vV. and 
received commiastons for mnnnnjenta tn all 
parts of the country,B8 well as in India and 
the colonies. ,\monfr the more important 
of these were the statues in Westiuini^UT 
Abbey of Addison { ISOti), GL^^c^aJ Vill''iti« 
(Itt09), ritt. Vox, and .Spenwr Porcoval; 
many inonument.< in St. Paul's, indudin(( 
tiiosu to >3ir I'lilpb AhurcromliT, CoUing- 
wood, Duneiin, (^uplniu Conk, Ilenttriil Qiblis, 
and General Pakenlmm : a statue of Nelnon 
nt Ilirmin^hatn (I.-^t), nnd the slAliies of 
Franri.a, firb duku of l^^dford, in IIusmII 
Square (ISLIft), and of Fox in Hloomshury 
Squarfi (1816 1. Wectmacott was employed 
in arranging the Towneley marbles which 
wero purchased for tho British Museum, then 
in Montaifuo Hou3«, in 180&. In tfaut yeor 
be was elected an sasociate and in Isll a 
full member of tha Royal Aca<Iemr. fie 
TirvM^nted lU hi* diploma wurk a ' Ganv)ni_><V 
in high relief. In the ratalogupa of the 
academy exhibitions bis addrvse is given as 
24 Mount Street till Iflli), when he had 
removed to 14 South Audley tftceet, where 
he resided diirinji^ tho romaindcr of his life. 
In 1820 he exhibited his first clauical subject, 
a relief of 'Hero and Leaajdet,' «nd.'\-E\ <tA 



L 



Westmeath 



357 



Westminster 



latl; 'Tlie Soiit pn»liivvd by Rin,* a relief. 
1847; 'Oounlsin no more/lS-IO; 'David,' 
18<5S. Weatmacott exhibited in nil pi|i;1itT- 
Iwo works at the Roynl Acrtdetny, in adtfi- 
tion lo four at tiia; Drittsh Iimlitulion. 

AV'pfttmaeott'fi only importnnt public work 
in LoQtlou wuH thv sculpt iin' iu luvpediment 
of the wMl. front of llie Itojal Gscbangir, 
erectod 1S42-1. Thw rtL-umU-nit statuu of 
ArchbiiOinp ITowlcy i» tlm ctioir of f^nter- 
faury OiitluKinit, exbiblti^d at tlie Royal 
Academy in IS-'jO, is the most importunt of 
hi.v mnnuiiiitnt«. 

Ill 18-'7 he Eucoeed&d liia father as pro- 
frssor of sculpture at thu Itovul Academy, 
and held ihat oi&c- till 185/. He was a 
fellow of t!ie Uoyal Society, to which he 
WI18 i.'luc:t«d on '2Tt Mar 1837, and was well 
Itiuiwn an a wnf^ir and Icntuwr mi art, eon- 
tribiitiiif; nrtirlffl on Miilpture ta thn ' Rn- 
CTclopiodia MutroiwlitniDt,' ibe 'KiiKlisb 
KacycIotMRiJin.'nnil thf ■ iVnny Cyclopwlia.' 
Be published 'The Handbook of Ancient 
And Modl^^^ Sculptiirv ' in I8t>4, and tti^v^rn) 
puDpUelf. ' Oudini.'s to Illustrate a Moral 
All<^ry,<-DtitIed"T!iBF1ghttiofFreewine'" 
lUght plateH, i-nf^ravud fromWestiiiacott'F dtv 
■Ign«, with d<!«rripliv<!lttit,npii«Brrd in 1839. 

Westmacolt pptircd from the Itoval Aca- 
demy about a yt'ar b'^fort' hi* dt-iitli, whirh 
took place at 1 Ke^nsinglon Onte, 1 1vde I*ark, 
on 19 April 1(172. 

[IbvlgraTP* Diet. ofArCiri*; Sanilbj's Ilia, of 
Boynl Acadciny, ii. 197; Royal Acadsmy CaU- 
logors.] C. D. 

WESTMEATH, Eiuu op. [S«> Sv- 
OKNT, SiK KiciiAHD, lir« «jl, U^-iCi'2; 
XriiKST, RicitARU, Accond earl, </. liifU; 
NuouXT, TiiDMif, fourth earl, l41.')4l-i7o2; 
NroEST, Jons, iiflh earl, 16"2-17rt4.] 

WESTMINSTER, MAjtguiaiu of. [See 
GtinavEVfiH, ItoBi:ttT, Tiret marqu!*, 1767- 
ItM'*); (iiosviz.sui:, Richard, smond tnar- 
quL«, irH.V]M(lH.] 

WESTMINSTER, MATTHEW, i« an 
II imnj^nnry ii>nii> pvt.>n to a supposed fiUlbor 
of A chmnirle cftll«l ' Florv;* liiiitoriarum;' 
it 19 iil1i\ed to a iiiaRU.''cnpt of Ihe 'Florw,' 
probnbly wrilt*n early in the fifteenth wn- 
lury for Henry I« IK'spenwr [a. t.^, binhop 
of S'orwich. nnil now in lUe Itrilmb Miispntn, 
Coltoniin MS. Claud. E. f< ff. 14-L»rt6, which 
bm^uu ' Inciirit pn)l"giiit in lilirtim fjni Florca 
IIistorinniininlitulatur,M>4'undum.Mnlh(euRi 
Monnrliiitn Wi^nlmonasterienewm.' j^V^eerly 
M iKi^fS Sir Franci* I'liffrrnvo (k-sfrribed 
Weatminster oa 'a phancoia who never 
eii«t*d' (^Quarterly Jitrien; 1B20, xxxiv. i. 



2i50). Sir T. n. Harder, in the introdiL . 

to 'Honumenta llistnrica Britnnnica,' 1848,' 
p. 7, spokeof him ns ' a snptH^sed nenon,' bnt 
wrote snjnewhat wnccrtainly. Sir F. Mad- 
den in the preface to bis edition of Matthew 
Pftris'e ' Hi«torJa An^loium ' (IHikl, toL i. pp. 
xxi sq.) pointed out (hul ibo uauiv MuUhew 
Westminatcr vha ficlilicua, We-i^tiainstor 
being taiien from the ubbey to which the 
' Floras' belonged, and Mntlbew Iv^tng 
borrowed from Matthew Paris, whnm ha 
erroneoiwlrVIii-vwl to hari- been the author 
of the earlier pari of th(> chronicle, and the 
actual transcriber of the earliest manuscnpt 
of it. Ncvr^rthelt-w, Hardy in his ' Dpscrip- 
tivo Catalogue of Mauuscrinta ' (1871, ui, 
31S 9C[.) was unwilling to allow that therr 
was no such person ti» WrKtininwtcr; and 
Luard in his oilition of the 'Chronica 
Majom' (1*^72, t. prvf. xxi n.) was unahlu to 
r^ecl the claim madi- for ' .Mwtlbi;w, a monk 
(if WcstniinstiT,' to the antbnrship of ibe 
' Klon'js.' Lnnni, hiiwi?ver, in hiit fdition of 
the 'Flores,' pn-fnres to \fila. i.and iii, l^tK), 
linnlly xettled the ijnestion, provinj; by a 
masterly expoiitinn nf the hiMory of ll " 
book and the character and composition i 
each port-ion of it, that Matthew Westminstei 
was an imaginary name given to a person 
that never >'xi<!t<-d, and Ihat the 'Mores' 
was partly compiled and iiarlly composedly. 
Tarioos writers at St. Albans and West- 
minster. 

The 'Floft's' was firel printed 1^ Arch- 
bishop r«rkcr, an the work of Matthew 
Wi'HlmiuEter, in 15(57. from a manuscript 
written at Merlnn wirly in lh<- fotirti-^-ntli 
ccnlUTy.aitd now belnngincto Kton College, 
rxwpt an addition for 1!M)7, which is taken 
from Trivrl'R '.\nniiles:' this edition is 
fairly faithful. I'arker, having meHnwhilo 
become Bcmiainted with tv^tne nllu-r naou- 
Bcriptaof the 'Floret' and with Matthew 
Pans's ' Chronica Maiora,' put out o second 
edition in ITi/O, in which he mnde insertions 
from other book*, ami specially from the 
work of Paris. The t?ditlDn pubtinhed at 
Frankfort in IftOI is a reprint of that of 
l'>70. Lunnl's edition of tht* 'Flores' in 
' Chnjnieti-'s and Memorials of (in.ml Britain,' 
l«(K), .1 voK, U found.Kl rhi.'fly on the 
earliest manuscript of the work, the Chetham 
M8. (Mancbcsler) (!n2, collated with that 
belonging to Klon, and sires the whole 
work, which ends at I.T2'ti, the eisrlier editions 
ending with 1307. Hl> uceordinglj printed 
foe the first time the part from 1307 tOi_ 
ISS-'J, written hy Robert of Reading, a moi* 
of Weilminiitrr, who died in I82R, as 
original ond contemporary authority for the 
reign of Edward II. 



^ 



[Fiona Uist. ed. Iduid; C'bron. U^. mL 
Lnwd; Uwt. An^tonn, ad. Mttddea: Unrdy 
Cat. of MSU. (aUBoU* 8«.)1 W. H. 

WESTMORELAITD.TtAiiosftor. FRce 
ri.ii-H<uu. ICtKiKliifE. lidlibBruii, l.'};i3-l;W'i 
CuKruBD,TiioUjL9BB,Mxtlibaroin,i/. 13XH ?i 
Cup i-u KD, HuKBi D& Cllmmuls t<.'ntli baron, 
].|r>6y-lW3; Ct.lPTOiiD, Hp.srt db Cur- 
roun.fU-vcnth bamii. 1 Jl.'3 15-IJ ; VuTWOJ), 
JJtNKT DK, twelfth bar'in, </. I'jVO.J 

WESTMORLAND, IUmia of. (See 
NcTiiXR, ICalph, flrtit earl of first cTvatioti. 
1804-1125; IUlpu, fourth purl. lJy9-l.>.0; 
UiUKLBi, sixth eM.ti. l&4a-lbUl; Fanb, 
.MtLn]li.T, aecond earl of aeconil cn>«lion, 
li. !HHo; Fi.RB, Jonv. scvMilh earl. liiSi!:-'- 
1702; 1'i.VB, JoHJt. a'lilln'atl. ITW-IBII; 
KaSB, JuiiK, ^leveuth earl, 17tt4-18-M).] 

WESTMORLAND, CorxTE88 or. [See 
Fast:, I'kiscilu Assk, 1"H3~18"0.] 

WESTON, KinVAED (IBen-lftV.^, 
Itaman ratholid cantmversinUflt.son of Wil- 
liiiinW'Mion of Lincoln Colk'gp.OxfQrdiaDd 
iiilcrwonla t munber of Linco1n'« Inn, hy liU 
wife, dftugbter of Julia Slorv[q.v.]|ViiBtKim 
inl^ndouin IflGO. lIuph>Vcst.ou[q.v.]wffl» 
hilt (rrL'ut-uucle. KUward mut rLi;uktv<l from 
I.ititioln College, Ox lord, oil liO March ln7(M) 
(Fi'STLii, Alumni Oxon. I JOO-ITH). Aftor- 
wurila liB wmt jiut uiiiivr lli« luitiua of l)r. 
Jobti Caw, who, willi lic«siisi.' from the iini- 
Tureilv, rtud to »chuliirt lo^ic oiiil pbilus'jphy 
In hi« lioust-in till- ]jnrUti of Si. Mary .Miif;ilji- 
kn. ^^'wKl 8lat(» ihuc, under hiui. \Ve.iton 
' pniflUid in snvunil aorln of iL'ttminR l-o n 
iniracltii heoatofl a good dii^putftnt, anil rr^ry 
-well FMu) in philosophical authors,' but, after 
ho had tpcnt ftt )«iMt flrn }-cnrsat Oxford, his 
purentit, wbuwere It'imaii cacholicd, tookhJui 
from the university and sent him Co France, 
wlivti.' lor H ithorl liinv hv stlllvd iu ihv Ln^- 
Ush (.'oUeM at Uheims. Thouce lie vras sent 
uii8 Murcu 1{>84— jlo the English College at 
Rutut-, where Im mh-M mx ywnra !□ studytu^ 
pUiloGopliy and tuoolasr, and was ordained 
prirot. lie vfBit crwit<'il 1>,D. hy the univei^ 
aiiy of Moureale. Thfii ho n^'tiinind to 
Hlx'iiiis, whure, on 3 Nov. 1&!.'2, he began a 
coursi] ai Wr.iir^ on case* uf oouscicncw. In 
151)3 tho coll«ffe was removed u> Douay, 
wliorc We«t«n jfectiired in divinity for about 
ten yvDsa. Afterward* ho laboured on thu 
misMon in England, letumiikg li} I>i)uay uii 
2'<iiiepl. 1G12. Hu ninititain^ a curreapon- 
dence with Cardinal Bnllnroiln, who Itold 
him ia the highest e^reein. Ilia 'exquisite 
-writtnjpt' ({ainodTorhimeocnvat areputntion 
that he waa callttd from Douay and toade 
canouofUiB oolkgiatc cbucdi oi St. Jlaiy 



at Brugca, vhcfre, acoordin^f to UuthiUavl, 
be died in 1050. 

IIi« trorks arv : I. 'DotripUcl Uotnitua 
OlScia, px ROtione i|)siu9 Nalurali, Mondi, 
nc TiiedoRica; In«tituiiwtu*« urthodoxa;, 
contra Athi-oe, FcditieoA,Si>ctaHnii,'Aniwet7, 
ItW^f, 4to. :*, 'Juris Poutitii'iiSanctuaiiuin. 
Dcfpnsum ac propugnnrum contra Rof^ecii 
Widdringioni in Apt>loKia iS; Ue^ponso Ap"" 
logGTi(^o Impictat«m' Itouavl, 1613, 8i 

3. 'Thu Xriall of Chriatian' Truth by tl 
Hales of the Vertues. nami-ly tht^ae yrio 
pall. Faith, IlupK, Charilii.'. and It«iijfiu 
cirrving for ihe di»covi;rie of Ilt-n-ii**, 
Antichrist in hU Fortninni?r« and Misli 
of Ini<]uilie.' Ooiiav, I«J]4-l'i, :i voht. 4t 

4. ' I'rnbatio, sen J'lxaroen ^'l^ratU Chn| 
liann,' Douay. 161-1, 4to. &. 'The lte| 
of Honour, faUily imj*(ich'>d by Fratly<^| 
miniatur: whijn>iu(by occasion) the Af 
diacLpli! H. I^atius his ndii^inn, aj^ainst J^ 
tcsUiutisuie, i» Uyd open,' Bru^c*. 1024, 8^ 
(i, 'Tliefttrum Vit* civilis at aacrw: alt 
do Muribua Heipulk CliriMttanni Comi 
tnrift.' in .". iK».k.i, Itrogea, Itii'd.foL 7. 'J. 
Cbristi Domini nostri CoruAcatio&uni, 
siniulqur Mirura vi dictoruiii, fiictorun)()ii« 
qiiarumdaui Persoaaniin, eodem Cl-.n-i) 
pnuseute, in Evangvlicn Historia rw-i.s^i- 
I«rum, Knarraliontift philoartjihica*. theo- 
logine, historic^,' Antwer]), 1U31, fol. 

]ltMl]i>i>an Cm. : l)wld*a Clinroh HiM. tii W; 
Duihillvura BitfL Oimanionno, itsii. rp. t7t. 
3T<i ; Foley s ItoMids, ri. 508; Hccnrdaofr 
KitKlisli Cittholtoa, t. 4i&; Wd.mI's Alha 
Oxou. «d. Bliaf, ti. &13.] T. C.| 

WESTON, EDWARD (i:o.V177X». 

dautic writer, second son of i^ti;phvn WffI 
iq. v.], bishop of Kseter. was born at E 
m 1j09. liL' woa vdui-siml at Kion and 
al King's Collide, Cainhrid^. where hi- was 
admitted in I'lU. graduating B.A. io 17" 
and M.A. in 1727. Ilono- \Valpnln sLa: 
thai he wuat in 172d to Ikxley in K 
witli his cousins, ' thu four youDj;«r aooafl 
I^rd Townshvnd, and with a tutor, Edv: 
Wi-^ton . ■ ■ and c-mtinuMi tbere aoow 
montliA.' Next summer bo had tho 
education at Twickenhau, 'and the iu 
veuiug winten he went overy day tu al 
undirr Mr. Wl-hIou at Lord TowuHbund' 
(C'USKlNdHAM, M'fi/;jufc LrtUrn, vol. i. 
Ixi). Thu first dniu is probahlr a mi^pril 
fur 17:Jy, a» Wiil|Mde waa undvr Wwt' 
chargfl in Jnly 1724 {HUt. MSS. Comm, 1 
Rep. App. p> 2^tl>,and cvrtainly ramaiitMl 
until September 1736 {i6. p. 2l0>. 

^\'e8tolI was 0«cr«lary to Lord Tuwiuhtnii 
durini; thu kiti^'s rcsidinnci? at Uanuver ia 
17:^, aiid, oa bis relitviueDt Ccoai uSioo, loa 



I 





Weston 



359 



Weston 



' AvetTgeavTousfrivaduid patron.' In Mny on ttie Irish «»tKbti*limcnt;' but We 



17aO he offered Lis twrvices In Lord H»i^ 
riti(rtiji], Bud wben that [le^r was niHdt> bi^- 
cnstiin- df «t«te for ibe nortborn dcpnrtnwni, 
WfHtoD Iwcomu unJor-WJciWiirv, temaioiDg 
ID flint poaitioii until 17-tti. lie vox Dp- 
pointed on 8 Htipt. L741 i-dilor of the 'I^on- 



denied Uio nutbonihip. Ho also diBclained 
in 1709 » Mmphlet wntitW 'Tho Pulilicml 
Conduct 01 tbo Eul of Ch&tliAm.' 

"Weston waa the author of: I. 'The Enj»- 

Ui>]iiiiiui directM in th« Clioico of his R«lU , 

sioD'(aDoa.). 1710; 4th edit, (auoo.) \7GT,\ 



UQU OnwltV with a anUr7 of 500/. per 2. ' Thu Country Qentleman's .\dvice to his 
aaniitn, and held that post tmtU LU dvnib. Suaoticoinin^ofa^'^auun,], 17-j-^ 3. 'Tlii 
In November I74tt iIiirnii({lon wi^nl to Ire- Country Qentlena&n'!) Advice to bis Neigh 
land a.« lord lit,'»tenant^ and Weetoo accoin- buiire' (anoii.\ L75u; 3rd edit, by Kdward 
pmiedhimosciiiefBecretarj-.aml wnjicnwlml i We»IOn; with lo(t«r In hixhop of London, 
a privy eounrillorforlroliind. H*! remained I 1756; -tth edit.^ with second addition to 
lh«n:iintil 17ol,0Dd then through ill-hvallh i letter, I7*>6, 4. ' Family DiscourBes by a, 
went into retireajeutfor tun yi-wra. IIi- h«l CiiuntTyDenllemAnXnnon.), 17f»H: '2nd edit.. 
purchaA:>d from his relative, Mr. ]to«siter, ' by the late Edwaivl Wt^ton, 1776. 
the uuri«h of Soiutfrt)y, and the grefltt-r pikrt . m-cond t-njition was cdilvd by hu son, Charlea 
of the next pariah of Stsarbr, in LincuLii- Weston, pa^hendury of Durham. Wt«ton 
ahire. i wrote on the Jew bill (1753), and replied 

At Lord Bute's eMmeat nquntf Wcalon, toBiBhupWorburtDn(Z,pf/«rs/oi/iirrf,I769, 
*n very able, wiirthy. cood man.'n^turm'tl in i iu 2iid edit. iip. UritI, 2ti4). Jl« wiw n ^mul 
.March 17ttl t<> bl^old po?t in the northern claeeJcal scholar, and I'limpoflcd a Lntin ode 
dvpariucait . lie vras a clerk of the itistiel, I on the mnrrinffe nf George III. The lonif 
Kud was ailowi'd to perform hi» diitit>a by i-pitnph in Fulhnm «hurchvArd on Bidhnp 
deputy ( Ilintie O^ce Papen, 1700-5, p. 100). E^nerlocii waa drawn up by mm, 
lii.VuKmt l7f>l'h«receiveda(imiitforthirty-| [HwHooda Aliimrji Klon. p. 300; Sotw and 



oni' yi-ur» of ihi- olliiM of alns^r iu Irelaod, 
niid nrxt Au^fii.tl resigned it, on re«'iving a 
pennon of f>O0/. per unnuiu fur the Minia 
period (lA. pp, 2fll , H7*l). On 1 Sept, in that 
y«nr he wai appointed one of the commia- 
Rioners to execute ihu «flice of privy seal <»J. 
p. K)7). In July 17IJ.1 he addreased a Ielt4<r 
10 GeorgY* firenville on lib ill-health and his 
sole reward 'of !i7<V. per iitimim, with the 
bonoamblc titli! of friiu'tleer' in th(> neere* 
tary'i department. He then served under 
Lord Halifax in tho ooiithom dvportment, 
and recomiueiidcd the iwue of a general 
warraot aj^iu&t Withes (NicuoMjZiV. y4i»«v 



Queriw, -Ith acr. i. 13t. ii. -1^3-1: Nichols's Lit. 
Anecd. iii, 316. Jx. 4U4 ; Jonias, ol. ISIS, i. 
12l-£j Halkctt aod Laiiift's Aoorii Litemt.ure, 
i. &22. 703, ii. S89 ; Gr«nviUii Papvrs, i. ^00, ii. 
'9-80. ir. 408, 17S-7. Hia paptn, the propotty 
of 3fr. WMtrtn Und«rwood,hi« dHCenJiint, ara 
ea]fodarcd ia (he Hi«u MSS. Comm. 10th Rep. 
pp. 0-13. and App. pp. 199-S2D. many of hil 
laltrni sro id Itiu NnwciwLlci hiuI TLtlny CnrrMp 
Itriti'ih M>i»«tim. liirornniiun hiu kindly bom^ 
Aiippliod by Mr. Wraton UnEl«r«ood.1 

W. P. 0. 

WESTON, KLIZABLTII JANE (1582- 
1G1:I), learned lady, woii born in London on 



!(«<«», ii. 280t. Ni-xt .May bit health broko I '2 Xov. ^'jS-2. Hot faiher may possibly bars 
down, and he n^tireil from office, a pen.iion bet-n a m«^inlhTiir» Surmv family— nt loaat 
of 7'iOI. per nnDum bvin^ pranti-d lo liini for Fuller places Elixubetb >Veston among bii 



hi* M>rvi<-A>H. He difd ut Ruxtori uii l-'i Jnlv 
17T0, and wa^ buried nt Smuerby. Lincoln- 
ahiref wht^re » nioninnenl rrcmin his memorv. 
lie nmnried, early in 17110, Penelope, ffranu- 
(laushterof Itishop Pat rick, and eldest daUKli- 
ter and coheirPM of thi' Rev. Sj-mon Patrick 
of Uolham, Suttblk, by Auae, dauirhlcr of 
Thomaa Fountaynu of Melton, Vorkshire. 



Stirreyworlhiesbecniiw he found 'ntg ancient 
and worshipful fnmilvoftheWcw on I* f! oari"h- 
injt atSultoti'(ef. (J«rMiMo/£Jiy/n»rf, 1682, 
Surrey, p. 87). Eithor ns a xoalous catholic 
ur u politiciil rubcl Kliz&heth'H. father lo»l Lia 

fropertv, and wfli forced lo leave KnglaaJ. 
lis wile, son, and dau)rhter Elizah>jlh went 
with liin). Tbey pnaiied (a Itnheinifl, whera 



Hus Kucond wifo waa Anni', younger dangh- thev obtained halp from influential persons, 



ter of John Kountayiie of .Mellon. Uiith 
Ilia WLvea were nieces of Mrs. SherWlc, wife 
of tile bisltop of London. Wevton had eeveral 
children. 

Junius, under the impression that Waston 
wns tii<i niithAf nf ' :\ Vindication of the 
Duke of (irafioit,' a^ni!<'d him in liiit tiiilh 
letter, catling him 'comptroller of the sail 
office, a dork of liu aitpiut, and a pensiuner 



antf, iihar a abort stay at Prague, were able 
to piirchaM a house and aome land at Unix. 
But the father, who was fond of pli.««ure, 
found many excuses for visiting I'ruipie. and 
toon fell into d«bt. llii sudden death lo 
the autumn of 1597 left his widow and two 
children almost diMLitute. Thu vredilora 
having appropriated more than was rightly 
their due, Mrs. 'Weston and bur young 







He* mDmm fotm» m 
Vi 





I J open ■ 

■ad tit. ban finh bat I 

paf««. Bad at tikt mtd «f hook ia. i 



W wnmmwi 
A I ■■ J ftwA 

BIB 1A M CXtnHin' 

hv,Ma«ftkrn«7cft«BkT; ntWaaXj^r 

^eC tk <&» rf gorcnor a« Qtsmn wb 

naKadasUMisd teW hth ar !■ wmmr- 

rar-iUp. OKfll ]bTartWauM5««r(l&aV 

M diMc tW fcomtiM of tW eoroMtn of 

Asm Bdf7«. W «m cnunl kai|ht 

U l&3a,W» nu , Sir T tMbb wm» o»- 

WM htMMir BOlMid aad KBt to tlw TWK 

B« plaadtd aol gwUy «t Ut tnd €■ 13 3lir. 





Weston 



361 



Weston 



but wu oandoBioed to deatb. lafiueolial 
att«nipu, wliirh at nno time *eonird likely 
to be Buccenaful, were made la obtain a 
Mrdan, not only by tiMmbera of hts familT 
(whicli hud liitberto been oppowd to tbe 
party of the Boleyni), but alao oy the French 
aoboMador, M. Jean do Dinteville. 'If 
any evcape,' writt,-* John Jtuwey to Lord 
Lisle, * it will be young W'eston, "for whome 
in)porUiuat« »uit i» mudc.* £Id wa», bow« 
ever, executed an Tower Hill, 17 May 15116, 
atid buriml in tbi' churcliyanl of Ht, Pcter*B 
in the Tower. His farcwi'll leltw to hit 
paKnts and wife, appended tn a list of debia 
whidi ho at'kn tfaem todUchaT}re,and atgned 
' by rap a ff7T;ti- offi>nder to tlod,' is Btill 
ifxtant. 

In Klay 15dO Wtaton married Anne, 
daughter and beireas of Sir (.'brlatopber 
J^CKcring of Killington in CainbvrlAua, an 
orphan who had bwu a ward uf hiit fucliL-r's 
tince lol!>. They had iwie aoii, Iteiiry 
(Ilj-tS-l-SOi!), who wne roitlored in blood in 
1650, Herr«d al th«Kifgi-of I'nlAioin ir»57-H, 
■wae sheriff of Sum»y in 1R60 and 1^7 1, and 
twic-witfrtnitH'tlQH-en FlixolM'th nt Sutton. 
IlLSftnn,SirUirhar(l(IWI I(>13), was father 
of Sir Ricbard Weeton (1691-ltJM) [q.T.] 

[Lettcn and I'apeM of Henry VJIf. eJ, 
Brewer and Qnirdnw, pueim ; WriolbreUy'a 
Cbroai(,-1« (C^nulan Soc). i. tS, 3V; CMpelst'a 
LeClrwdoKpariVin, 18»A,p.l8»: IltHtuim lia 
Aotie de Baullaut; Privy Pono Ezpeni«a »f 
Henry VIII. ed, NiwUe. 1827 («• p. Ml for a 
l)riof sketi-h of Wc»tnn iin^l liio family) : Cavsn- 
(ii«h*a Life of WoUoy, <-r!. SiiiE»r; HarriBon's 
Annals of an Old Manor Hniiie, 1893. jip. 72- 
80; Maakiuij atid Bmya Iliatory of Sarroy, 
i. 194 ; I'riedinaDo'H Anne Boleyo, 1S84, toI. ii. ; 
Fnude't Dinusae ofCatherineof Arragon, 1891, 
pp.4l7rlaeq.] & C-a. 

WESTON, IlUr.n (I.WftP-lMS) Jean 
of Wi'aiminnter, descended from a family 
long-aetlledat itum>ii-Ov«ry. LviovstOKhini, 
-wtia b^m there about l.'iOfi, and educated at 
Baltiol College, Oiford,wbenc<fhe migtmted 
to Lincotn (JoUeifri, graduating lt..A. nn 

18 July 1530. M.A. on U Jan. 1 WJ-S. H.M. 
on -M May lft37, B.I), on 3 Mny 1639, end 
I).I), in July 1640, and being inorporot«d 
In thaldpfp-i-eat Cambridge in liV>l(NiciioL6, 
LnrfftenAirf, t. ii.M7 ; Jita. Unte. O.i'on. 
i. 101). On l« July IVM he wa» electt^ 
one of the ofticiabt of Oxford market ( tt/- 
fort«m«i, Oxford Hi»t. Koc. ii. 101), and in 
1637 wa* proctor. On 8 Jan. Iffil?-^ b» waa 
elected re«t«r of Lincoln College, and in 
154U waa appointed I.adr Marsarvt prafaasor 
of divinity. On 15 .'iepi. 1541 he was col- 
lated rector of St. N'tcholaa Olsre, and on 

19 May 1544 rector of St. Botolpb'a, Biahopa- 



gaie. On 17 Oct. 1647 h« was anpoinbed 
archde.acon of Cornwall, and in tne lama 
year he became rector of nnrton-Orenr. 
Early in 1m49 h'm catboltc viowr brouf[ht 
him intocaHInionwiththouniToniitYrisiiora; 
he was ejected from bis prnfessornhip, and 
on II .Sept. following Alciander Si-ymour 
was paid Hi. for arn-*ting We«ton in Lei- 
ceetenhiro and conTovinp him to the Fleet 
ftnoa (Actf I'. C. 15i7 -VJ, \\ 331), 

How lonfT he n-mnined in continetnent is 
uncertain, uut hv retained nil liia olEws 
except hi* pnifixuHirnhip, and ri-cx'it ■'<) furtlier 
preferment on (Jne<>n .Mary'd accession. On 
18 Sept. 15JJ3hewa8 inslaileH dean of Wwt- 
minster, and on H Jan. 1^R■1— t waseollat^ 
to the archdeaconry of Colcheflter; he also 
nfc«-ivcd the IivinR ofCtilf-nl-Hoo, Kent, on 
2 April IJi&l, reai^iiin^ the rectoisbip of 
LJUL-oln in 1555. He ift Mid to bare been 
' one of the beat pnmcbarg ajid orators of his 
time/ and hii« services as a controTecaialiat 
were in ^ac demand. HeactedaaeDnreMor 
tulhulHikforSiifriilkBiiJHirThomaiiW^alt 
at thpir fxi^r.ution {CAinn. Qu^m Jane, pp. tf4, 
73), was prolocufor of the convocnl ion tliaft^ 
mot on 1H ricr. l'>53, and preached at St. 
Paul's Cross four days later, and before the 
ouet-n on .\sh Wednesday (7 Feb. I5AA-I) 
auring Wyait's Kbellion, when he wore 
'hame&s'C.MACUtX, p. 46; Sarr. Hrfoiitta- 
tioH, p. 'itfl). lie examined Philpol, had 
disputations with JCidley and Uradiord, and 
|)r«sided over ('ranmcr's trial in Si. Mary'ii, 
Oxford, on the I4tb, and over thv disputa- 
tinn iH'lwivn Latimer and Richard Smith on 
IR April \TiTA {Philpoi, Workt, pp. xiii, 
104, fH7, 179; ItiDi.BT, l(W<ti., pp. 191,30.%, 
376; Bradfobb, WV*a, i. ft-'W.fi.K); Citis- 
MEB, HVJts, i. 391, ii. '145,553; Lstimbk, 
WorJa, ii. )!50, S57, 260, ^7). 

In 1660, when it waa decided to restore 
Westminster lo its monastic «lior»ct*r, Wes- 
ton was reluctantly induced lo n-Mifrn his 
deanery in favoiirof John deFeekenbani|^n. v.], 
receiving instead the daanery of Windsor. 
Tn .'Vnc. Kx'i? he was dAprirml by Cardi 
Pole of his deanery and tlie arelMUsscnnry 
Colchester for gross immnrnlity, but n-tai 
through Bonner's complaisancV, his parochial 

frefermiL-nta. Uedeterminedtoappealo^ini 
ole'fl decision to the Roman cnrut, but wi 
arreeiod atOravesend when set ting out to pro- 
secute his cause, and lodj^l in the Tower. 
Hd waa retesM^d on pW of aielcnesH «n 3 l>ee. 
ITioR, find died at lh« bouseof one Winter in 
Fleet Street on 8 Dee., being buried in tbo 
Savoy. By his will, dat«d 'J(> Nor. I<V>8, ba 
provided for masses for his soul ai Ralliol and 
Lincoln Colleges, at St. .MaryV, (liford, at 
Burton-Orery, aiuiaC Islip, of which he is 




«id to b»T« twra redgr. His'On^cottBi 
fVthbwatCUro UhiM 16 OetobCT 1553* 
vM yiWilwd in that jwr {handon, 6ro), 
■fkd diipiitaliau wepiwcJ ■■ Fosfi'* ' ActsB 
%ni MffHiiiiH'iili' Uii monl deUiii)iieooiM ' 
an ileuilad bf rariiMtt |Rote«uat miun of ' 
Uw tiim, uid mnenUy in Mictuvl Wood's 
McCkw to tlm lAlaS nlitMia uf Uanlincfft 
(Db Vcim Obedientw' (XmW. JfJi: WO, , 
t. aW: Jkwbu r«r^ i. Ur,; Or^immi 
LetUrty rwk«r Soe. pf^ 305, 373). Edwtnl | 
WMtoa [q. T.l WM ba |;n«l-a«fA««. 

(A«tliotitM«<it«<l; A«bM)t«]ISS.Slftf.31\ 
ftWr.tIA; Sirnw'* Worts (OammJ Indu); 
0<i<«li'« Iwln to nirfcn- Sk. Pnbl.; WorJ'. 
Aikcaa Oun. L ZM ; CooHr* Atlwuo Cutabr. 
L t»7; FoMnr'm Alumnt Ova. 1&OA-I714; 
KVlrh't Qa»«t]'» SfSoLtK p A; BNMMy'i 
Kof. H«i>. lC«cL Itf ixttBriiMr , Widnore'a Weat- 
mia0tw Abbav.pp. IS*^ ^ Sualrji'a MemorMb, 
p. 3M: FaUer'i ChBKh U'»c ad. Brovor: 
Bsmrt't Uitf. Kef. ed. Voeaek; Foia's ActM 
■nd Maa. ed. TtnrttMO'l : Dlsun'* liia« Clioreh 
ufEufittid: Fnradc** Ri»<. of Kn^Und; Tnn- 
iH-r'a Bibl.; Lb Neve's Fnoti Er<-L. AngL ad. 
Uudf; Sitma'a Bibl. SUffordicDM*.! 

A. P. P. 

WXSTON, JEIlOAfE, aetaad EiRi. or 
IVianAXu (1«>S-10«3). bom wi K! Dec 
1*106, wu \hi- Mm »oa of Richard ^^'Mton, 
Bnt nrl of I'onland i\. v. , fay liU K«oad 
wife, l->*iie««, d«igbl«f of NioitKlKM W'aldc- 
fcnteof BorlejiEftNiz. Garlrin W>:^7~Sbe 
cDtvred puliaunit u Dit>iubcr for Gklton, 
Surrey, bctuft trtumird with Sir ThirtnM 
Lske [q. v.] by a Jlr. Coplwy u ' wde in- 
liabiUitt;' ihia rl<«tioa waa appAreotlT ft 
job perpeUmhsl bv the gorBmneiit, ui^dd 
^ March tb« taifpntiirv nf ihtt nium w»a 
ton off the file \t\ order of th« lIouM of 
C'lnunons, Sir Atnl>ro»<- BroMTi ud Kir 
Richard Onulow, who had nUo buen rplunted 
for Gstton, tftking ibeir seats for lb*t 
borough. Weston, bowovcr, coatiiiu<>^ to 
ail IB that parliiiuieiit, though for what 
COiutiluMicv di«-a not appear in tbc rotUTTU, 
and on 2 March ]ti2li-D hv d^-fviidrd Lis 
falh«r, thi) loni tnnjuinT, affniuxt Hit John 
Kliot [a. v.], who d^tnatidvd his impwJi- 
n»nt {OARl>iyB», //w/. vJi. 73). KarW in 
lUf following yrnr, in parsnanee of bia 
fiilher'a pnetfic jpolicy, hv ti-n«eeat a« nnib«»> 
aador extrftordmarf to Pari*, niid in April & 
PL-Ace wu concluded with France. In 1632 
tie waaagaia wnt on an t-uibouv to P«ri» 
and Turin to urge Louis X£1I to (k'dftre in 
favour of thtt ivvliluttmi of the pAlatinate ; 
in XoTenjb<rr Charbw inalruciud liiin to pro- 
teat lutainft the prv|KM>^l iliviMoti of the 
&p«nifth Ni^thorlands bt^iween Fninrtt and 
the Dutch. Ue rvtiumed la March 1032-3 






with Riehelieu'a proposal tat *. dcfrnm* 
alltanoe aguiut lav fioum of Auctrta; b 
al'-u broont with hiiu bttnn wntt<^ br 
Uunry 1U«1, vulof lluIUuid [q.v.l,who«u 
intriguing agwnat tb* lord trvmsur*^; iba 
aonmag »( xheaB letters I«!«l HoQuid ta 
cnallmgM WmAoo, bnt CLu-Uv I siifcwv^ 
of hU conduct and Hat HoUoim] to priioa. 

WMton, who was scjrleil Lord WeMoo ifiv 
his Cathcr'a crutioD m FebroAry 16S3-Sa« 
Harl of IVntland with rsmtiadertohiaiiHia 
by lufl si«Mid nurriajK^ succecdad u ttani 
««rl by the aamt- limitattan cm 13 Uard 
1034-5. but bit fatbtr'a drKth depnred him 
of most of hispolilical imfortauce. Ilehad, 
howptr-r, iHi-n apiioittlod KOTO WI Or oT ihottb 

of AVi^ht on IS >oT.,ar-? t niiktiuiM'-r l« 

^xpfciw ro;l"«»*lit_"al in iin 17I)«- 

Iti3.f,«nd nn i-S .May II^: .....m«d. 

sdoiiral of 1 Istnpebin.', and kfup^-r of 
iDond Ni'W Park on 16 Jun» 16^7. 
3 Juuf Itfll htf w»« ttppoinlcd joint Usd 
tieatcuant of Ilampshirv. but bis n>Ta]iri 
and ivligious Miitiiiwnta reodeml him »w- 
[xrct to parliament, and un 3 Nor. lim Ilouw 
of Coomtona rreoWrd to depriro liim of iW 
gOTvmniant of tbir I«b> vf Wi^lit; Up^B 
ruaf«renee with, thf? House of Lord* on thn 
16th this ' ivaohitioQ was put off*,* tb>_- lonb 
nrofoMinK tbemselTca much nati»fl«>d wiik 
Partland^ 'aolemn protestation of tiie mo- 
lution to live and die a |>r<.tli.'»lAut, u ha 
fothrr did' — a aoiuuwbnt dubiouK pmnit*c 
coasiderin^ that hi* falbvr dipd a Konu 
calholio {Cat. »taU Paper; 1611-3, pp. l&t, 
107). Hit wquitttratiott WW not, hnwenr, 
long deUyedtlnr by Atigunt liVI:! b» bad 
lw«n committvd to clweiutody nf oni: of il 
aberiflii of liondoB on MWpmon of coui|thei 
in xXvi plot to (IdiTcrPtirtunr.iilh iaio ' 
kind's bond* (i9k n. 396 : Clarkxpoit, 
ii»n, bk. T. S 130, bh. ri. % -lOI ; 7V 
Portlatif" Vkarjft, Loinlon, 11 Aw 

4to). Clarondon ailtnite tbu IWtlai 

remained in London 'u a place when b# 

might do tht king more serrtCA than anr 

wbvnjflw' (*. bk. vii. 5 17A), wid ibprv' 

I MO doubt that he had »oci« abiire in tb« 

of hia fmud Edmund \\'al]er [q. v.] \V 

' himwlf nocuAni Punlanil, but toe V 

Statements wen? not bi-liev«l, and, 

Purtlnnd had hlunilv denied the charn, be 

i waft on 31 July 1ft43 r^leued on bail (t£ 

; Tanner MS. Ixii. 1U>. A fortnight Ul#» 

h« made tuv of hix liberty to tak» nifvr' 

I with ih« kins at Oxford, wh«m be utialw 

I royalist paruameul and aigned the 

j lellvr to tho Scou. As » further rttwaid 

bia loyaltT Cbarlea on 1 March Iftll 

appointed I'onland lord pr?«td(tnt of Mu 

stcr, onoffiou corvlvd by Murrougb O'firia: 



'ib«^ 



afttf 



pwnf. 



Weston 



363 



Weston 



•tiirl of I nf'.Iiic)uin [q. v.] ; probably as a 
n-riii]l of Lhi« diflappotnUnen^ ihe powfrful 
liichicjuin luraed piirlituneotai'iuii, And, aa u 
nurnium) of ihi- pnrliAusvQt. made himiolf 
mutter of thf {irovince; in liiiH, wbeii liv 
Ofrain cbangrd sides, he reorivcid Charlc-s'a 
cammiMtDU u lord pnuiiduiit, to tbut i'ort- 
land had no opporlunil; of taking up liia 
uppuiiil mimt. 

Viirtliind Tftd* flpjiimiitly nt Oxford until 
its surreiidcr on 2i Juiu>, and tlien m >ViJ- 
lingCnrd, which 1i<-ld out (ill 27 July \tiUi. 
Oil 6 Oct. foHowinjr Iw cnrapounili-d for liiw 
dfUuipiency wi tlie ' \V allini^lbrd articles,' 
and on !0 Nov. lie wob tiiiLd two-tbird» of 
hu e«8it', il,yM/. 10».i on 14S.-pt. 1047 his 
diAchur)(L- wa» ordt'Ti-cl, and on 11 Juni' Il!6(l 
\i\» iiiiu wu« rvdu<:<;d Cu ■t.'207l. IIa ^<f. llu 
livsJ iiin<'tl3f ai AnbW liuti.M*, Walion-uri- 
Tliamei, durin^r iha C'oniinnnwpalih and 
|*rotectMnLt(!, und in HKIO too1i ti)M M<at in 
t he CotiTention pftrliamt^nt . He wda n^atonxl 
to tliD poifla lie held hoTgru the war, and re- 
cfiiivd grnnrs of otiwr land:>. On 7 Nov. 
lt>X) be vras made a councillor for trade and 
nnviptlion, 6rid oti i Dec. fur the coIoniL-a ; 
on y April lOUi' litj wu* sworn of iLi- privy 
council. He dieil at AnliUy lloufce on 
17 .Marclt lOtU-^, iiud was biiriiMl on tltii 
22nd iu lilt! diurcb ut Wal(oii-on-Tliuniv)i, 
TvbtirtJ thtiru ia an inarriplian to bis tn<?niory. 
ilia portmil wuc; puititi'il by Van Uyck und 
CnfiTaVt>d by Hollar und OaywDud. 

rorlliuid murrit'd, nl Kotdiampton cliapi'1 
on 'Jfi Jiiiii- l<>;tL', Frano.'*, tlitnl daUKbtvruf 
Etfut^ Stuart, tbird dukit of I.>-imiot [am 
under Stuart, I,i;d(ivick, second IH'xk], 
She WBft bnm about 161", nnd survivod her 
biiHband ibirly-one y*arii, beiiiK Imrifd in 
WVtrtniinMop Abbey on i4 ilnrcb Ititia-l: 
her portrait wan paititvd by Vim Uyck and 
cnfrravcd by KoUar (GlUMiKB, />V'jyr. //i*/. 
ii. •leM). Uy liiTl'uTllutidbud i^u« un only 
Bail, Charleji ( I'Jiifl-UKIo), wbii)>ii(-r.-<»li-il an 
third Earluf IWtlaiid, but was kilWd diir- 
iiift liu! iiarat luiltla with ib» Uiilcb off the 
Toxtl oa 3 June IWo ^I'kpib, />»Vrrv, '-d. 
Ilmybroult*', iii.W). Uuwas nniuarriei},aiid 
the earldom and barony devolved upon bis 
uncle, Tbomaa Wcatoii, fourib uarl ol' I'url- 
liind (lH0O-I6Wi}, who waa compelled to 
s«ll most of his cttatufl, rulirud in poverty 
tti Ihi' Netherlands, and di<-d wilbout ikiiiici 
in 1<>68, linvLug' marripd, in 16tt7, Anne, \ 
widow of Mountjoy lllninit, enrlof Newport | 
fc^. v.] The bnrony of Wfston and eartdnm | 
ot I'ortiand coDsequvntly Wcamu vxlinct. 

[AiithoritioH cit«*l: DavydStiffjilkCvlItfetiuii* 
("Brit, MuB. Aiid. MSS. lUUTTetseq.); IW.SiAte I 
IVfrn, Doiu.; LcHtl** Jouruala. it. -1141: Lli>yd's 
Momciraw, l6eS,p.67S ; KichobiBPkip«n(Caiud. ; 




Boc). i, 32; CUrendon'ii HJKl.of lti« R«bellioa,| 
oi. Mncray. ptuiiBi.and Clarondon Stats Papcn; 
CnurtHndTimMofCharlPMl.paosini- Luarvllfii'ii 
Lib. Muimrum Hibvmicorum ; Hiirkea Kxliitcl, 
Dt>yl«'ti. Mild G. E.C|^otiyno]"8 P<!«nistK: Gardi-^ 
net',* Hist., of Kngliiod jiod Citil Ww; 8and> 
funl'a HLudicN in the (iniit ftaboUioo, p. AS3.1 

A. P. P. 

WE3TON,.SmmCHAHDCl46fl?-15-12), 
couriit'f ntid tbi)]«ninti»t, mm of Kdmiind 
Wtiatim, an adlifreiit of Henry Vlf, wag. 
born about \iH.i-i.\, Sir Wilham WeatoBj 
id, liVIO) [q. v.] WAS bia brother. Irnmo* 
diately after bia accession, on :i2 May 1GQ&^ 
Henry VHI nppointi^d Iticliard to several 
olSotia, Lncludiiijj that of govi-rnDrufGiiurn- 
Airy. In iSll be served under Thuniaa, lord 
Uarcy [q. v.],iD tie Enijliuh cuniin^nlsenl 
to asaiat t'erdicand, king of Spain, in hla 
campaign apin.><t lb« Moon. On his return 
W<Ml<m vi*ii<-d tbii court of Spiiiu.andr^ 
ci'ivedconRidsrablolwnonr. Hewasknighcodj 
by Hi-nr>-VlH in lol4, and from l&lo was. 
in iHTdonal atrcndanccon (helcinf^us knif,dit 
of the body. Ou 1) Jan. 1&16 b« v-aa dubbt-d 
knight of Cbu Batli. Nvxt war he was one of 
the four 'vad and auci'-nt litiighlii'wbo weni 
• put inlo tlie kiuij'n privy cliatuber ' (//n//V 
t.'hr\mKle'). In l'>-01in followed Henry to 
the Field of tliB f loth of (told. Nrnt yww, 
bL> »it onthojurvwbich tried andcnndcmnediiV 
Edvrajtl Stafluru, third duko of Ruckingham 
Lq. V.) {Ntetlc TrinU, i. :;S7). The manor of 
Hultoo \rafi granted to bimon the day of tha, 
diil(«'j" rxcriilion ( )) May 10^1). 

In 1.W;^ Wwion served under Cbarlos 
Brandon, diike of Suflblk Tq. v.], iu France : 
in IJJiiolio bcenmo trffaaunrofCaliiis, and in 
151*8 under-tri'asunT of Dnglund. Iu li5&3 
1 Ic-nrv paid a st at c visit to Mutton, and a little 
Ialt;r I'lioiuas Uroumell was a \iiieBl th'ife. 
In loSUWealon wft.i aiipoiiitnl to im-fl Annu 
of ClevL-f ou liQt knuiiig in England. He 
miiKt then bnvi; Wrii cnnriili.'rablv ovar 
Kevenly years of age. In l-Vl^hi^AiirrfiidcrecI 
lits ]i(ut of sul^t rL>a«iir«r of England 'ob 
senectul«m di-bililnlam r>t continuam in- 
firmitat<"in' (l!(J Jan.), and died on 7 Aug. 
He wits buried in hii family chapel in the 
church of the Holy Trinity, Uuildfurd. 
' There is hnrdlv a single stale oereuiony or 
ovcnc during tliu eighth HenrA''a reign in 
which lie in not rvcorded to haw part. 
A bara lii>t of tba alBoes be held would till 
«oni« pagKn. Hn i* a M>ld>«r, mtamnn, am- 
baraador, governor, treaaiuw, privy coun- 
cillor, juifgv of tile Court of Wards' 

(lUKRIKDJi). 

He married Anne, one of Queen Catlw- 
rine's gent lew Dnirii, daughter of Olivar 
iundys of £»heKij bjr wliom Lu hftd a aon ;t}i£ 



Weston 

VnatU fq. t.] and two dua^Oen, Mutant 
•BdKatlMta*. 

rUuMi Mi Pspan orilHirjTin, cd. Bmr« 
Kod Oabdatr, pMaua ; HuTtaua'a AimiaU of U 
Old Manor Ho«r, (^ Sl-9i: Mjiantag and 
BntT'a KmoryotSvnr. I Ui. 13«.] 

E. C-«. 

WGSTOIf, RICnARD, ftnt EuL or 
PinirtJ2n> (lJ;77-ie3o), bapu»ed st his 
mothrf''ftlMiBv,riitclielF-y, RnckiiigfaftnuliiTO, 
an 1 Xatth 157(3-7, «ru lb* vld«*t wa of 
^v JetDBi« \\'f»ton of Skreeoi in Roxw«U, 
^su, I17 hia fint wifu. Mbt^ {d. 1&03), 
dst^[tit«r and cobeir nf AnthonT Cive of 
ChicheWr. Aecardiiif; to in ?Ut)orat«> nedi- 
grer fabricated IbrPonlHndVbcni'fit in 1II■'^J 
bj HeofT IJIly ft], r.]. thni nuige emix, 
wniSed by Sir ^C■Iliata Se^sr [<!. r.], pn- 
gnmtd on v^llQin, «xt*nt in ItritUh Un- 
wum Addiliooal 1^. 18967, and printed in 
Enl««wi<-k'« ' Staffbrdshtr* * (ad. Ilarwood, 
p. 164>, Ponbnd wm deteendcd from ib« 
Bneirnt Cuniljof Weston, tvprMentMl in the 
mt<.mth ccnlury hj Robntt >V«sTob [i^. v.], 
loixlchancvllorul Iralnnd, whoikerroa«ou>1r 
aid to liavc be«n brother of Portlands 
Knndfiith4rr, Kh'mard W'btox {J. \h'2\, 
justice of the common pleat. Tha judge is 
pppiwratvd as Mcond son of John Weaton 
nt LichfleW by t^ady r<*ily Novillc, but 
there is no proof that this branch of tlw 
WVstfHi fstaily bad any connwlion with 
StalTordstiirv; and Sforant's »iat«n«it, that 
he came from an Ratex familr, is more pn>- 
bably correct. His crandfathcr re^mi to 
haru \3Kva M'illiau \\ eston (d. IM^jt, whoM 
fimrth son, John, was father of the iud^ 
(see on elaborate cxamintt ion of the A\ cston 



ernralogy in CRBnrB Water*, Clusters t^ 
Vkieiifley, pp. 03 tqq.^ Qe waa called to 
t\m bar at tlie Mi>3<lle Templ^f where b« 



i«ad«rin lhi>Aiitiiran of I-lMiand nn lOOrt. 
inMwas returned to parliameat forMaldon, 
Emcx ; on 20 Nov, lftft7 he vraa Appointed 
»<.<ltcii(>r-{.rvnoraI, won oaU<;d to the degrw of 
ihe roif on iM Jan., and niado qaeens aci^ 
ioant on Vi Fob. ljr^9. Ou 16 Oct. UiW 
l)M was raised to the bench ha justice of 
cninmon piciu, and retained bis scat until 
liis death on (t July 1572. With thn pn>- 
peeds of his lucratiri* pntrtifft be purchased 
in 1564 Skreens in Itoxwell, Essex, which 
be made iHa family .srat. Efe VlA thrice 
married, and by his fint wife, Wibui^, 
daufthtcr of Thomas OntMby of Scaton, 
Nortbamptntifibire, wan father of Sir Jerome 
Weston (li>r>U?-|l'>0:t), high sherifTof Essex 
in 1590, who innrrivil twiLT, dipd on SI Dm. 
It(03, and vriui bviried at Skreena on 17 Jau. 
1C0.V4. 

Sir Jerome's sim, RicharJ, was educated 



Weston 

in the Ir^l profesaion at the Middle Temple, 
liln many uf hia rvlaliree. Aooordin; vt 
Clanndon, hts Mluailion w>w 'verr gooi 
amongst booka and men. After aotne yetii' 
itudy of the luw in the Middlu Temple, Mai 
at an age fit to make obM>rvntions and rv- 
flMtiOna . , . hvi trnviflled into fnrvisa part«' 
(jecieUwn, bk. i. 5 !02>. On 'JH S^irt.IflOl 
he was rclnmed to parltAmviit for hLs crmiid- 
father's old cooslitui^n cy, Mnhlon, Emn. 
He was knighted by Jame« I on ^ Juh' 
1608^ ud tuccl^fded'hi9 fatlirr on 31 iW. 
IViMibly he was too much uccupitrd with kU 
new property to secure his rt-l urn for Maldaa 
at lUv gvueral election in F.-bniarT ItJOfl-;, 
but on ^ March bt> wiu rvturued at a h>- 
eleclion for Midhurst, Sussex. On •_' ' V "■■ 
bfi bad Iwfn itppuinlrd keeper of tij! 
deer in W'inds^r Fnr^'st, and ou 30 .Mai ir- 
ceivvd a further grant of hii; fxp^'nE^-a is 
buitdinra new l.^))^ thi-n>. Oit -JS Frb. hn wu 
ffimct^d protection for thrc« inoiiths, aiv) nil 
14 Oct. for aix months, pcwuibtv when goitif 
abroad oa aome uiiR'tr diplomatic cmpl'iT- 
micnt. According t<> Clarendon. Weelca 
spent moM of Iiih father's rortiini; in att^-nd* 
ance at court baiforu bring rewarded with 
any prvferment ; but it nei^ms unlikely thai 
h« wus (he Sir Kichard Weston who nai 
Bccoaed of ■ diflhonraty towards Ida uaii^t r ' 
by Salishnrr, and was ' liktdy to die ef 
Btanstiim' in prison in April K109 (f 
State Paptrt, Horn. 1603-10, pj.. .'.CM, & 
IVibablv the** iiot«.s n'fer to Sir Uicfc 
We«on'(ir><}|-l«it.Uthefath*-ri>rsirI{ichs 
Weaton (l«»l-l<i:>i'> u. v.] t>n •22 J« 
lOlSbewas recomtnenJi-d for lh« deput 
lieutenancy of Middlesex; on 1 July \f\ 
he was granted the coUectordiip of ■ lillli 
customs in the port of London \ib. 1<t| t-ll 
pp. 136, 37fl); and in January l«17-lf< 
waa nn unsucrensful can<lidal«< for llie cKsi 
ci'llor»hip (if th"' diirhr of Laoca«tt.T (tW 
ami Tirwt ^ Jaitwt I, ii. HI ). I>u 12 l-'ttb, 
bowerer, on the reorgauisation of the aani 
administration, he wax appointMl joint nm- 
missioner, comptroller, and surveyor of ihr 
narv (OrruvilGtH, Adminufrattmt of i^ 
3>ry, 1990, p. 195); in llie Sbort 
ment of Aiiril-Jitne 1614 he waa 




the abtre lor Eaoex (Offteiai Tfffvm, 
u. xxxviii; Oiurt mid Times ■•/ Jamu' 
I. 2S,-i). 

Weeton had hitherto been known only as 
a roiirtier and a comji^lent tnsu of bosiaeM. 
but in June ltt20 be waft N-lected for hs- 
portant diplomatic emplovuenl. Almwt 
all l))0 brnnebet of tbo ^N'oaton family hid 
relaineil a secret or opt^n attachment to the Iti^ 
muti catholic religion. Sir [tich«rd was do 
exception, and with this religious belief wMt 



AVeston 



3*5 



Weston 



I 



■ political eytDpatlir with 8|i«in. Tin wan 
favounbl>' known to Condotnar, the Siwoisb 
amtiii*««dor,RS<l it wu through his influence 
t liAt We«ton was scol ou a miMon to ttu! 
arcli(]uki-s ut BruMota. Sir Edward (after- 
wariJsi VuicoHnl) Conway [q. v.] was a«- 
Bwialed with liim, niiJ tlw object of thfir 
«^mbnMj wM to Lriiig about un accomruo- 
<lntion of the difSculties arising out of lliu 
question of the pnlutinulu, whicli Jamei I 
imagined ooald be dontt by men worda and 
his own slatecraft. Frcim Bruravla tliey 
•were to puM on to the sCat'CS of ihv Rhine, 
Urofden, and Prague, whence they were tg 
opeueommunicatioiifl with Sirllciiry Wot l^n 
[q. v.] oc Vti-nnn. Hiu Spaniards naluraUy 
uid tint TMgard tlutir miaaion wriousLv; 
choir protect at BrucaeU in July agaiaK tlie 
inviutiiin of thr palatinat« waa diimsgarded, 
nnd iHa Cl^rman prinoM whom tltey cun- 
fiultod 3t Op^enheim paid no greater b«nd 
to Tlifiir advice. Thi^y im-iven at I*ntguo 
onlv in time to witness ttic crushing; <li:)k-at 
of xhtt ckctiTT palatiiiL- by th« imperiiilima on 
29 Oct., and it few wet'kn later were recalled 
(CUfiDIXEB, iii. 361 ttqq.) 

Shortly after bi^ ruturu Weston woa on 
S9 Jan. 'l4Ji'0-l appoiiLted chancellor and 
unde^treafiirer of the axdiequer, in saoceit- 
aion In Sir FulitB nn-ritlc, Or*L lord Drooko 
[q.v.]; about the snmn time he was sworn of 
tSo privy counciL Ue ih confuficd bv l)<jyle 
with tha Sir RichanlWcJ'ton (we beJow ad 
tnOwhowoa retum«(l forLich^eld lotlivuar- 
iament summoned to meet on 16 Jan. lft2U-I, 
iwt the chancellor of the oxchi>(]Ucr did not 
«nl«r that parliament until '2-2 >ov. follow- 
ing, wh«ai be socceeded Sir I.ion^il CranficlO, 
~ lised to tb« pwragv, as memb«r for Arundel. 
h Pefaruanr 16S1-2 he was again sont t(.i 
Bntseelc, Qoadomar ooca moiv icoommcod- 
ing Iiim a* ' the mn«t. appropriate inatrument 
for tbia aSair' (Kaske, i. 511); he woa to 
attend a conference on Ibrt qu««lioti of re- 
riogthe palatinatn to .lameA Ts aon-in- 
Ile Kt out on 33 April, but b^n bud no 
.ions from thi> elector, ou whose behalf 
was to treat, and a courier despatched on 
16 May returned from the elector without 
the format powvn dt^matided by the Infanta 
laaballa. These were pracaied oo 28 Jao^ 
but Wefitoa'a demands for iba aiupenaion of 
hottililiex and Iuh thn^ata that England 
wtrald raake war on XTnnsffld and CLristiuii 
if they refused to submit wrrn uliki^ piiwcr- 
IfM to stay the advance of th^ icipf>rinlijiii 
or bring the proteetant princt-s to (ermi*. 
He wft« n-calltd on I'l Sf-pi., and the report 
on hia mii^ion which he presented to the 
priry council on the 27th is preserved among 
tbo lutiDr Tumplo rocoidi (tcL xItUI) 




l*he failure of these negotiations and of 
the i^ni?h marriage project led Buckingham 
to press for war with Spaiu. ^Ve4tuu rotvd 
BfftJnet iho war, and was equally opposed to 
ttie calling of a parliamuut which war would 
involve. Being overruled, ho ocqui)iK't<d in 
llucki II je hum's pulley, and sat in the parlia- 
ment sauimooed to mtret nn la Feb. Ui'2ii-4, 
though bis nume dooe not appear in the 
official rvturn. On the 2Tth he was selected 
to deliver to the common.^ the formal report 
of lliickinghntnK narralirt* of his million To 
Spain. From 2.'» May to U Dec. 1024 he 
was acting treasurer to the i.>xclio(]UDr. To 
the firat purlinment of Ctiarlea I he wus nf 
turned on 2.' April for Cfilliagtont Cornwall, 
and to the aei'oiid, ou i'l Jan. I62r>-6, for 
Uodmiu, boroughs under crown inlluenre, 
in which Weston wa.-i pmbubly driven by 
hi* gent-ral uu]H)piiliirity to e^h refiigu, In 
both th(!Jw Mssionn his main function waj to 
obtaiu supplies from the commons, hut in 
tlia latter n« was also employed In evading 
tbe commons' demand for Eiiot'a release by 
pretending that bis imprisonment wan duu 
to offenees committed outsiilu parliaDnent. 
For the next two vears Wesloii's position 
was one of great diflicully. He dislAced the 
war, but was compi'llud to find money for 
the lU expedition, u'hiN< tt wus impossible 
tu wring supplies out of parliament. Never- 
tlieloM. by various hnancial QX}iedicnt8 oti 
which Kanke {Hutojy of LngUind, ii. lj\) 
pttsfff* loo high on encomium, Weston ma- 
iiagi-d to iKiy his way, and on one occasion 
at least the sailora of the Hoet were agree- 
ably mrpmed by Ibe puijctual recL'lpt of 
their wiiges (Oppesheim, A<i>:^mutnittan ^f 
tht A'rtiT/, pp. ;i.'J-l-6^. 

WcAtim was not, appart^nllv, n-turned lo 
Ihe parliumeiit of lCi8-9, but on 13 April 
162H he was roiled to llif pi-^enige as Baron 
Weston of Xeyland. He took his «cat at 
once, and on 17 May bu gave ila final shape 
in the Ilouee of Lordfi to the I'etitioo. of 
Itight, which by hi» proposal wu» rLslucwl lo 
littlu more than an empty form of word», 
and wa* cnnsequently rwjycted by tte com- 
mons. TJie eucc^«s of the parliumeni ury 
opposition rendorvd uvceesary some steps 
towards peace, and oo 2U July Weaton, tbe 
most streauoua advocate of peace, beeame 
lord btgh treasurer. This slippery post had 
been httld by five living treasurers, ooiw of 
whom had mtaiued it more than a few 
monthis and Clarendon suggests that Weit- 
lori'n mmoval was ottly prevented by Buck- 
ingham's death on S3 Aug. 

Charkw now determined to be bis own 
first miiii^Ur, ond no one aucce«dvd to quite 
the same position tbab Buckingham had 



3 



m km Lurtliliwa, mi Urn 

■ lie mtf prfaw, «■!' of 
tbwAnM l b t wi ^' iJ iiW [ i liL B ri — ; mC 
MW <«•■■ in itsalf (Ininli*; tat 








nok thmigD 

(sCftuCOrT. CM). 



1^- 



rind •» hu •tvPQMB 

toy, fc 

> • Mfr, «Bii tc ira» b* vba 

falgfcM^ Bwifr ft— tfcir«f fydhr iwi l 
■line tad iWiWi ba— httbijr— UKKmw b> 

I «f ftmaaip «ad piiimih^i ifcaaU b« 
1 to nvGMmCt snd tie mnps cum*, omlir 



sal 




anmsMW u lb ptHBi ^gm af imaftscj. a^- 

nd feomlatiABf vUAwwn Mb ■pOBbTibi 
IHIm of Bn^tnilMM. Im gmt a-'— * 
««IM for tarn hmfeaammtu Wi 

nllr iiT]Zvd iim manlwtmi oC 
vhi^h wMont tA mmc i^^iB lir 
«n'l pmfwbiy aUn the uBfiboBMnt of Elioc 
lut'l ih* nttrnr apiabefi. flia 
ion pcnlT (n the Csct itnc oCet sal fvwir 
elMnw*t] (■>• ennjf la^ lulvMirnciiM ialotfftr- 
bonrnfr fQiInuM, wm nunlj cnriof to a 
wafMrnui'M RMpinmi tint b wu at hurt 
* Hamko enih/^lir. Thnt HA not mtc Irai 
bnm lb* bo^lility^rTf flvflmna M«na,wboR 
U«i«h dvtMotll opon Ibe exdeijn^r b« tc- 
ra<«I (o nnal ; um ooort hUnfiMs liniUr to 
tlmwi Mfuitiit Hiebvlien l1irMl«Bed Weaton 
an') l«d to an nB(l«nl<iHfia; baCwvoi the 
Krnncb nnd Kngtbh aiioiatvn ; but, Ilka 
RMif>11«u, WaaUm coaM la chft last rsrart 
mlr opon tha roi^*'* "' '■** '*<'¥■ 

fi traa tbia aupport th*t Muhli^ W««on 
to euT^ ost hia parifir policy ia bee of 
MpOtllMn a* emirt am] in the council. In 
Gctolbtr inSS 1m urged the uceptuiDB of 



CMtUftm w t2ua 

"Tpiiii. ■» ITTainiii'i -^d &t^a^Cbbim^ «^^ 
_ Aaaai- 

:9paia m 

nHRiT npnwlv? oa Jl 

mj^Lkt/wl^A -mam 

11 JJM . U BP-l M 

it 11 IT II iwirifaa^ttoaMVA. 




^a a a. aMifiaiH a 
Amm^ zTvitt. tfSaii^ TIm- 
fliMBama AAthhw iiiiwi I ai 
fcrn— a«wio»M kafaalfartW 



'itei 



CteWI 







hna Bad aT FkvtkBd, %«C ia !«■ 
" EMcfenaMaaftOBhbLlMl 
faaBBBoid his snad. aad ha 
«f ^TTiiiTB aBB^nctieta. 
WeBnranh, toa. liiiilliliil fioB ImImI 
tkat I^wJimI ae««r iwErea bia ktuei, 
aaJ ikiiaiMii m wJga. Bvx apua IViv 
had waa Twfari ai M ; hia aoa-io-lav, 11k 
IMta ef Laaaas, bnaj|fti np Baddartaa'a 
wtdov to plaad OB fc« hafaalf, aad^ailM 
onoa num fan ua Ifliu tnaasnr Ufl if* 
port. Tha tw wan ia ihm aaiae year «b- 
ga|^ ia i^ploc M hoodwiak tha eomtittai 
mmat Spam ia deleatia; tlw adraace a( 
Praan and the Datdk on Um Spanhh 
Ketheriaada, which waa tboaghl tothntta 
Pnnkirh aad Biwl*— !* ■ atramBwr in tbc 
Bamw MBS. To hmish a fleet tar liat 
pufpoaa ah^-BKiovy waa &r*l n!\-tTed, uhI 
on thia oce aM on ako dtarl^^ rlainM iht 
BOTereignly of lb* ■•^iw- Pdrtland*! tn™ 
tntareat in thi> maitrr wa^ »timiilBtvd by 
bit cooaectinn with the BEhinc- eompanr, 
Eabiof; beiatr then ahaoat a Ptitcu tDOnm«lv- 

A ■oem tnaty wat ai^ed with Spun '~ 





Weston 



367 



Weston 



Augurt 1634, Trhich wan known only to tha 
king, Portland, Cutliiigtoii. nnd Wimiphniilt, 
This WAS Port land'* Iwt Bchii'veniK'nt iif im- 
uortauct;; Itie attacka oii liim incr«tis«<cl in 
bitt^rniJM, nnd in October 1634 he m» con- 
pelli»d to draw up a list of liis irrpgular 
rri-tiijits. t'harles, howen^r, retnincd hii 
con6(lt!DC'j in l'»rtlatid, ami v'wUrd him on 
lilaitonlhlx-il. ]|.> died .ni i;J March l«54- 
^^W^, a KomaQ catholic priest bviiig fatlt'd 
in t« adminiMrr tin* liwt rite* f>f rt^liyion. 
}l«wn8 buried on tite Slth in \Viuckt»teT 
Cnlhedral. 

Ponlaiid liM nrt cUitn to bff eonwdered a 
^ruat )tiit«flman, bis chief Dierita b«>in(; con- 
tiiHent udbfrrniro to a, clcorly di'finfd pnlic y, 
and conwdcrablfl Rclmialiitrai iri> ability ; but 
nil hi* ncis wen- domiuated by the omb dMirc 
to poa[ponBuravoiddifricullio!>. Ilviiiiuaied 
no gnmt nfortn*, and i>i:i1v«(I do |)obticat 
ftmblemfi, nod HVtJO in hU pfforta to eliirk 
aivkward qimHtioiiM be commilti-d blundi^rn 
iuvolving RtiU greater diffii^ultiea in the 
future. Nor was he a great financier; ho 
manofi^d tn nay his w&j, and pvpn a few 
dobt.s I>ut he diu nolhiotf to pluco thv tinancee 
uf the i-ountry On a rwdly sound bnsi*. Tlis 
pnrBiinony did not PXtenJ to his pcrnonal cx- 
pi*ndit'irei beiuhiiritedaconaiderablefoTtuttt) 
and obtained larisli gmnt« Troni Charles, but 
Uv Ifft n vwv Mnliarraiued ejitate to fiiti aitc- 
oytfor, and Oie fourth t«naQt of hia peeraffes 
(lied in obscure poverty. Clarundou describes 
Itim iiK n ' innn of bifT look* »nd nf a m^^an 
and abject npiril.' Jlis portrait, naintad by 
\'an Dycli {CM. FUtt Loan ExhiL No. M8) 
ie at rJnrhiimburj', and i« en^ved in Dojrle'a 
* Bnronnge.' 

Portland married, first, Elirnhetb, daugh- 
ter of William Piiiclicwi of WrittU, KuMX ; 
fth<? waa buried at Roswell on 15 Feb. 1602 - 
1603, Ivavintr 11 sou iCicbarO, and two 
daiightM«: Htixahnth, who marriedSir John, 
second viwomit XelteniUo [q. v.T, and 
Mary, wKn nwirrii'ii Waller, s-woncl lord 
Aston of Forfar (Dutoi^s, Pwruje, ed. 
Wood, t. !28). The son, Uichaid, wun vx- 
c1tid«d from tho sncwwion to \w father's 
peerages for a reosoo wUicli is uid to be 
unknown (0 . E. 0'tit^TSB\,CofnpleU Petragt, 
vi. 200), but tanv bo found in a IctttT to 
Strafford on 1 -May V«A\ {Slraforrl Ltttem, 
i. 243), announcing the donlli of Portlund'a 
«ld«»L nm, ' who witN mad and Iti-pl at 
Ojvnnlnr,' Portland married, secondly, 
I'Vances {d. Ifl45), daughter and coheir uf 
iS'icholaA WBld«grare of Rorlev, "Esspx, bj- 
whom he had issun four sons anJ on? daugh- 
t«r. Jr'ri?rme,thftddc«t sou, succMd«^d totbc 
peeriLffc and is lepantelT noticed ; Thomas, 
tho second, also 8uec«eaed to the pearaga ; 



Nichulas and Benjamin both died without 
Surviving i«*m?; ibo daugbtvr, Annp, was flm 
of UiR four wivee of BaAil Feildtng, socond 
eorl of Denbigh [q. v.] 

Ponlnnd is frp-tjiit^ntly confust-d with his 
contemporary, SiKKiCKiiu>WESTOX(_ 1579 P- 
1652), bnron of the exchequer, who wam jton 
oflialph Wesiontif. I«05)of Rugoler. Stjif- 
fordshiro, matriculated from Kxei«r CoIIeee, 
Oxford, on 14 Ot-t. 150»J, was failed to liie 
bar Cram the Inner TemidK in IG07, and be- 
caxao a boncht-'r in I(S2d: he war !tt.P. for 
IJfb(l<dd in 16:^1-2, wan appointed a judgu 
on the Wr-lah eirruit in lt^2,si:-rjt>i)nl-at-luw 
on 25 Feb. lfl32-3. and baron of tho en- 
cheqiuT on 30 April ]il34, bL-ing kiiigbie<l 
on 7 Dec. KtS-'). IIls argument in favour of 
ship-raonOY is given in 'SCate TriaUi' (iii. 
104i5>, and led to his iinp^'acLmi'm by the 
Ijonp pnrliament in ItMl. H^ wm not 
brought to Irinl, but by vota of the Hoi»e 
of Contmnas wan 011 24 (>et. Ift45 disabled 
from nctinp as sJudgB (WniTEMKiKn, Mam. 
lin. 47. l^'l ). rf- diwl on 18 March 1051-2 
(Fobs, ■/«(/;/««; FoBrBK. Alumni 0.nn. 1500- 
1714; iy\YiiA*, lUhL fitaJT'irdimnt). A third 
contftmporary of the »am« names was Sir 
Itichnrd \Ve8ton(lC»l-1652)[q.v.3 

[Much ur I'orlUnd'a comispondencs I* ppsi- 
wTxoA. in tfio Public Rerard OfSca ; details of 
liis DBKoii lit iocs in Oennany in 1630 are con- 
tninal in Brit. Mo«. Hgvrtou MS. 2593 ff Ifl2- 
284; Sir Henry Wntton's character of him is 
in Tanner M.S. ccxcix. 81. St^ dIbh Cal. Hlnls 
I'ntwni, Dom jnBum ; Hist. MS3, Cumm. 4lh 
R«p. nrid \Zih Rap. pt, vii. pasaim: F»rty-4ixth 
Rep. Dcp.-Kfeper of Records: Lords* uiid ('om- 
moim' Jourtiiilii; Court and Tinps of Jucom 1, 
and Ojiut and Times of Charlte 1, thrgogbout ; 
Lod^a's Portraits; Ooodman'sCoart of Jamul; 
Ctarundon's Hist, of tlio Reb«llioii ; S«iidersoD'a 
Life of C-lmrlw I ; Stmfflbrd Loiters, «d. 
Knowler, paasiin; Cabnln, ed, 16PI, passim; 
FoRtor's Life of Eliot,* Laud'* Works, pnasim ; 
S'^nt Uift. of the CVtort of J«mw I. 1811; 
Ronko's Ui(L of England, and Gnrdtner'n Hist, 
which cootA^ns a fiitll aud complete account of 
IVrtliind'n pnlitioal cnr*er. I'or getienlovy we 
Hnrkian MSS. 4914 aad (818: Dan-'s Suffolk 
CollMtions in Brit. Mus. Addil. MS. luifii; 
r^nt. Mo^. lg-.'3 i, 413. 1834 i. 600; Wat«re's 
Cbe»le»of Chicholcy. pp. {13-104; Brit. Mas. 
Adiiit.. .M.S. 18667 : Knlrswicli's SUffirJihini, 
tn\. IlitrvMiJ ; Shaw'a .StslfoniiJiirD; JUonnt's 
Emsx : Burke's Eaiinct. Doyle's. aad a. K. C[o- 
kaynej's Oompl<it«, F«r«ge».] A. F. P. 

WF^TON, Sir UrCHARU (1591-1652), 

ajTrieithiiriHt. wfia tli<> eld^-^t son of Sir 
Rlcbnrd W^lon (1.564-1613). knight, of 
Mnttfin, Surrfy, and f*rva,t-erand*on of Sir 
Francis Weston [q. v.] His fatuily woa 
quilc distinct from those of the first Carl of 



Weston 



369 



Weston 



m 



copy was published by SamiwI Hartlib[<|.v.], 
witli A uMicU-ion to tfaa council of state, 
oQtl w-itli the dftte 1W5 (evidvutl}- a uiiitUiku 
for 1650, Mid eo corrected in manuiimpt in 
miuij co|ni>9), Jlartlib did nut at this ciuo 
know who tb« Author wu. 

Subset] uentlir, on 3 H17 16AI, and agaia 
o« 10 (lc(. of Ihft Mini* ywir, TTitrtlib wrotw 
to Sir Kicbord, whom he bad l)cen * credibly 
informed' wiw ihc BUlborofthr 'Discours,' 
nekin^ him for Homo rurihfr information on 
the subject of clover cultivation, and re- 
quf'Mtnf; him to'malto compleat and suffi- 
ciently enlarjfed * for the lHtn«Elt of all ' hii 
former Ircati»p.' A» Sir Iticbard look 110 
not ice. Ilortlib ropubliebLHl the pamphlet in 
185y from a laore cunvcl oiiiy, addtug 
trantwripu of hia two letlfira to Sir Ricbaro. 
"aartlib'ti ' Legacy of Iluahandiy ' (a coUw 
*on of anonymouB rnilea 00 ainicultural 
utteni written by Itobert Child, Cressy 
lyniorlc, and oth«n, which Ilartlib edited 
and niihlisb^d at tb(> same lime as ho pirated 
Sir Ilichonrl'.i work) has soiuetiuieti been 
enroneoiiiily attribtited tf> Sir Hichiird Ww*- 
ton. This irror would not nend comnittnt 
were it not for I ho fact that to IHS one 
T. Ilarria published a xery incorruct copy 
of this ' Lvgaey,' which he attributed to 
8ir Hichard \\Mton, and then prociMidcd 
to support thifl assertion by foisting Sit 
KiclianVs namu into the text. 

Karty iu Slay of the wtmc T«ir (1052) in 
whlcli tile second ndilinn of tno 'Discours' 
WAN piibUshftd, Sir Itichard Weston diwl at 
the age of aislv-onc, and waa buried in 
Trinity Cbapel, 'Ouildfoni, ua 8 Muy. He 
married Grace, deuj^hter of John Karpor 
of Chflshont, who diwl in February lOft'i-O, 
and wu buried witb her hutbaud. Hi> had 
by her WTen aons and [wo daughters. Tha 
eldest Bon, howtfver, dir-d in infancy, and 
•Sir Kiohard was euci^eeded by his second 
BOit, John. 

[^ Manning and Bray's Hinlory of Sorcojr, 1804 
i. 134. I8U ill. 60. M. 89, 133. 123, 318. 
App. lir. Iv. Ivi.: Harrison's AnnalM of an Old 
Slanor Hcase, 1893, pp. '.)3-l07; SUtinacript 
Pedifrree of Iho WmIodk of Sutton (Brit. Man.}; 
aerwsl bioffmphieal hiatj can b« gathered from 
tlte ' Didi-onrf. ) E. C-x. 

WESTON, RICH-VUD (1620-1681), 
judge, sou of I'Mwanl \Wtim of Ilackney, 
and bom ill IGiO. llematrieulaledattTorpDS 
Chriati Collet, Cnmbridge, in 1639, but left 
without taking a dej^^'. flo waa admitted 
a atudent of Orey's Iiin on lO Au?. 1012, and 
WAS colled to the bar in I&49. llu wa§ 
made roader of Oray'a [nn in Leal 1670, 
fwijeaM-nt-kw on 23 Oct, 16T7, king"* »er- 
jeant on fl Feb. 1078 (wlieruupon ho waa 

TOL. tX 



knighted),and puieoe baron of the exch«uuer 
on?Feb. 16S0. 

As early as 1662 faia argumenta in court 
bad attracted attention and wore noticfid 
bv SirT. Havmond in h'm ' I'epurU of Cases.' 
Ue waa iuojrc in several important triala 
between. 1678 and 1680. In the midGuro- 
ini;ra«aiEU9 at Kiutfaton in IdSt) ho boldly 
oh&ckBd JelfreyB, wbd, as counsel, wa^i brow- 
beating the uthi-r «idv> in their ezamination 
of witncmeft, and thereby mode an implacable 
enemy for himwlf. He had the courage ia 
1680 to erant o hahta* fnrp\u to Shtridan, 
whom tua ilous« of Coiutuona bad com- 
mitted, when HODW of the judges held back 
from m doinff. 

Ill December 16B0 the commons %-ote<.! an 
impeachmL'nl a^inut him founded upon 
certain exgirtuMutut used by hi»i in his chnrge 
to the jury at Kinffston. Whilt? inveighinff 
against (Talriu and /wingliun hi' tind said of 
Ihofle tbeologiana: * Now they wen: ninuning 
ua with fears, and nothing would wxve them 
but a parliament .... for my part I know 
no rcpreeentaliteofthenAtionDui the kint;.' 
The crime with wbli'h be was chttrgL'd waa 
that bi« worda were ' scaodoIouD U> tliu ru- 
formatioii, and tendiiu^ to ntise dlicord.' 
The diasuluiiun of pArUaueut delayed tho 
brineing in of the impeachment, and the 
deatD or Wcaton took place Uifore the suc- 
ceeding parliamoul procewlcd to lUc busi- 
nejtH. IIiMliird in Chancery Laii>.'Ou:23 March 
1681, and waa burled on iho iVUh at Har.h- 
ney. He marrifl Frsnw*, »t-cond daughter 
of Sir Oforge Marwood of Litllc Bu-nhbr, 
but probably bad no children. His widow, 
wboM name doe« not appear in the wiU, 
waa hia sole executrix. 

[Fom's JodgM of Koglanid : North's Exsmen, 
pp. 6Sfi-7; Foster's Gray's Inn Begieterof Ad* 
mtssioDs; Hist. MS8. Comin. 7th Rep. p. 479. 
llth Rep. it. -13. liT-g. 2M. 213; Wwilrj-L'b's 
Jufftoyi. pp. 64-0; Cobbott's ,?tute Trials, toI. 
viii. eoK lBI-3 ; Ilugdule'a Visitation of Yoik- 
shit* [3urtH«>Boe.)p.160: Borost's Hist, of hie 
Own Time. 182:1, ii. 3J1 ; Lyaeoa's EnTireiHi, 
ii. 498 ; r.C.C. 18. North.) B. P. 

WESTON, RICHARD a73»-1806), 

A^icultuittl writer, bom in \TJA, deaeribM 
htmaijlf on the title-page of bodm of faia 
anonymous worka as ' \ Couniiy Uentl»- 
maii, but appears to have Ix^n, iu reality, a 
tbread-hofii«rof LoicBstcr. In 177.1 he was 
living ut Kmisingtim flow, but his later 
years were apetit at I^siceflter, where he waa 
secretary of the local agricultural society. 

Wcston'a first important work was hia 
' 'IVacta on PraoticAl Agricultore and Gar- 
dening,' 17']iO, which he dedicat«d to tho 
Society of Artd. Tlus work ia n-membered 




^eston 



370 



\\'eston 



diielly in virtiK-fvf the nn]wn(loJ "Catnloguo 
ou EDglieti BUtliors wfio Imvo wroli- mh 
liitabaiiilr]r,OnrcU'niiiirt liot«n,v,ftn(l subjis^ts 
nlaliTfl ihurt'to.' Mon; uinbitious norlis 
U'(Tr« hilt ' Bnlaiiiciis l'ulvi.Ti!Ali4 «t Ili^rtii- 
luniiB,' ]mblifilicil in four vnlumet U-tweeii 
1770 and ]7~7. and bu ' FIcira Anglicfi.nii, 
fc-ii ailjorutn Truiicuin, iilauiikrutn, vt true- 
tituin . . - cntnVi^iiH,' i^uod in two (larls in 
177<i oJid 17K) refipei!tivoIy. 

About It^aml tgr«oinotimv suli»;i)ueiit]y 
Wi-sbon clikilly devnted himflidf to ili« local 
liiritory Olid litt'raturc of J^jiwftvrftliiri-. In 
IWKI 'Lo propoipd iKo piiWicnii.m of • I^-"i- 
vi'fl riaua. or a coUwtioii of fueilive Pieces 
it) V f rsi- and Vro*^ arriingisl in t'limiiDlogica! 
Order.' A further "uyKyitud \etitur<.< ol" ttie 
Mtiin l«ind wan ' The Literary llislorj of 
l<rii?Mti.'rshirL>; irmitairiiiiff uii iummliiiI uf 
Uh- Autliore. Nalivrs and IJeuid^-alfr, of lli>? 
'I'owii and ('imntry. ... To whicb is added 
an Acoouat of the Town Libriiry.' It does 
not appear, )iow«vt,'r, that eitlti*r of tlii'^t- 
works vrns publUIi«d. Subswiucnl deBigvo 
made in I«)w for 'Tim Xiitiiml lltcl'iry of 
Strnwbcmr-s'and A'TroiittHeonlbe Manuce- 
niuni of J''i«b I'onds' w-f- prvveuUxl by bia 
dt-atb,wbicUtookplaceatL«ico«teron^(>ct. 

W«9ton also wrote : 1. *Th« Oardencr'a 
and PLanLvr'« Calviidar : containing ibu 
njvthod of raiiiinK Timber Tree*, FniiiTre**, 
and (jnick for IIed|:^j4,' 1773 ; 2nd edit. 1778. 
S, ' Tbe Gentleiniin'n and Ijsdr'ii Oanlprn'r,' 
1774. 3. "Thi! Hardt'Hor'fl P'JcWt Calendar," 
1774. 4. ' EHib's tiatdener's Calendar,' 1 77-1, 
It, • Tbo Xurst-ryman and Scnl^mAn't Catu- 
lOKiia of Tttfca, rShruba, Plants, and Si'ed*,' 
1771, 6. • A New and Cheap Manure,' 
171M. 7. 'Tb« Liticysti-r UirocKry,' L794. 
lit* alM> wrot<! for the ' Q«ntletnan a Ma^- 
xine ' a number of uticlae oa liortieultural 
«nd botanical aubjccta. 

I^tleat. Mn«. 1800, ii. 1080; Wcatoci'aWorka.) 

E. C-a. 

WESTON, UOBEUT(irilB?^U,73),lord 
c1ianc<:ilcir of Ireland, deecribvd as of Wee- 
IorI. Matri%rd»hirr-,grntI«man,bom probably 
about 151'i,wa»tbeiliinlKia.of JobuWethM 
oi I*i<:htield, whose fsthnr, Jobn Wralon of 
Kuirvley.iBBaid to liavia married Cecilia, stftar 
of Ualpb Nnvilli!, «arl of Westmorland 
iErdbwick, Siirrry of Stnffordthire, ed. 
llnrw<K>d, p. IflT*; hoi»,Juili/rii uf EmjUnd, 
V, lyMi; hnt cf. WlTKWf, Chester* 0/ C'AirJtt^ 
hi/, pp. ya Hjq.) Enlvring All Souls' Col- 
k-pr, Oxford, of whteh he was ibWt^d a fol- 
low in lLi;}0, be devoted Iums«lf wholly to the 
aliidv of civil law, attaining Ibo diffrot; of 
B-CUon 17 Fob. 1538. and of D.C.L. ou 
UO July lJM(l(l-'udiiut,i4/uMNiOj<n).} From 



1 TiiCi to ItVtO ho vAi principal of UmadgatM 
Hall, acting during the same time asdepa 
rMail<TincivilIaw,ond*Tl>r.John8tory'(|.i 





to tlie uuiwrbity. lie wa* ml urned M.P. 
l-;xf;ler in Mari-h l.*5a. and for LicLfidd in 
I^(&. On \'2 Jan. in ibu laltvr y^^mr hit ma 
crvatud dean of tl>e ttrrbe*, mid was a com- 
uiKiiunitr for adniioUl«nng ibu oatlia rri>^ 
lurribcd to ba> \aitvn by wcloiiost ica accpnli ~ 
to ihH Act of Uniformity (^UvuKii, Fa- 
XV- 647; Cuvxwit, Life of SoxeU, p. ' 
lie waa conaulti-d in n-gard to llm qi 
coRiini»ion iseuvd ou (3 J>ee. 10>'^9 for 
lirniin{> I'arkrr aa arcbbiabop of Can 
bury, and wae included in • commla 
iMUfd on 8 Xov, lotM lo inquin tntocvw 
ptatntaof I'initical dnprudations coo"t''" -• 
at SL-a on ihi- iiub')i^:t> of lhi.< kin|{ 't 
1<V//. State Papfh, Vnm. iryi7-t<\ [.. -1 ,. 
1 1 IK repulati'iu for learning stood deaer^f^ity 
hi^b, nod be was |iuintvd al a» iiiu* who «fss 
likvly 10 do credit to l-lugland at the gBKfl) 
council it wiut nimour»^l was lo be aun* 
inoned bv Pins IV in I-'>00 (Cal. State I'aum. 
For. l.V>!)^!0.;..3.h'I). _ 

At lh« »[M-(.'inl rciincst of the lord de\ 
of Ireland, Sir Jletirr ^idDi-y,Wu«tuowu 
-April I'VXI nominated for thu pori of 
cbaucelinrintbvpliicvoriiugbC'urwvart): 
arc It bisbop of Dublin and flulwouiriit ly bi^bi? 
ot()xl'ord — ibal 'old unprotiiaoli! workman.' 
as IlUhop Itrnilyoallvdbiu^ C:w/. fUntf }'■ ■ 
Irel. Eliz. i. 294 : Siilin.KT, Orii^nni ! 
p. 201). .^[ore than a y«ar flapwil b'.i' r , 
was acluallr appointed to the nlBc*, li 1: ■ r 
10 June IOO7 ElUabvtb notified lo .Si 
tliat aflt-r pood delib^^ratiou .ibc bad 
'choice for ibe supply of tliat room of 
cr-lloi" by naming tb4-rfiuitf) nur Irurty, wi 
belovvd Uoclor Wesioii, dnan of the a 
here, a man fi>r hi« It-urning and app' 
iule^ly thorougblr qiialiiicd to rcceir* 
poaauM Uie aane,' tLat ' for aome incruaM 
Ilia livins vbiltt h« rcmaineth in oitr_ . 
tbtrre,* ane ww pleiwed 'to give tinto 
the deancnr of St. Patrick'a [i'm rom 
wbereof tbe uebbubop or Armagfa 
Ijoftua, q. v.l ia aowdoan, and y«t t,. 
it at our order, as we know be ^B■ill;' 
furtb(.-r for tb« riiicRik'i* of hi« jouroeT Ii> 
adrunee bim two nundred marlci>, wth' 
one half waa to be a fiv« gift, the otbw 
lo \n\ diHlucl'^ from his Bal&ry <S: 
Original Letter*, pp. :iV9, 303 ). 

Arriviaf;inI)ublini?arIyinAiiguat,W 
wasaworn inio oSIceoutiio Stii.andtk! 
deputy, tiir 11. Sidnev, abort ly afUr 
dL-parting for En^dand bo nod Sir ^^' 
FitxwiUiara 'j\. \.\, tbo Tici--trva>URr, 
on 14 Oct. sworn lord justice* in 
Uborch. Itv honour was one be 



i 



Weston 



37> 



Weston 



gUiUj- huve ftvuitlwl, aud ixidiMU pluodi-d liis 
IH-Ao-ful aYUCttlioii aH a nia-iou for k'Aving 
tile bard work which it iu^nlveil lu hU 
CoLle&gtiv. Notwitiiflaiiilin;! tW it<lilition uf 
the dotneTT nf St. I'ntriiik'i', he wa^ not long 
in discovpnii); that between bis nominal ana 
nctanl Mtlnrv tfat'ra wne « wiiJi'' iliUV-rcncf. 
]'^rly iiil6U.Sh(<p>.'nuail<MlEliziib>--lhtomiil%i^ 
him an adiliticinnl jicarly ffranc r>f iOHl., antl 
in l'>70 thu (x>ufvrri.'<l uu iiitu tliv J^'Utirrv of 
Wells tn commauiam. liU iluUea aa jonl 
justice pnireQl«I liitn alUEudiiiu oj cto&olj 
M h« Jcsiry^l f<> hi> cnurl, anil in Aiiifn>t 
1568 he requested tlia.t Jbhn Rnll, M,A., 
stiidcnt of thu civil law of Christ Clmrcli, 
Ilxfonl, mijirlit bo Knt over lo oAaiat him 
{Cal. Slate Taperg. Ir«l. Elix. i. SeJ). His 
nHJiicKt Mp|K-Ai» to hiLvc bi)i-n cain))1ic(l with 
(In<lcx, Cal. FiiiNtf, Kliz.) NevortlwleAs 
lie ealftblisheJ a capital rtpulfttion as clian- 
euUor, broTiiig himavir, iiccor^liiij; tu Huokt-r 
{Chrvntcie, vi. -"iM!), 'a inon w) bent to this 
uxccutton of juctict?, uid m tnTuru ihurein, 
lh«L he. \iy nu ihvuih would lx> ifv<lui!t'd or 
averted from the sump, and mi luuc^h ^t>od 
in the end vn»ii?>I from \h9 upright. (Ulignnl, 
and dutiful wrrice, as that, tlur wliolt- ri^film 
found thoiD&elves moat happy and bles^d 
to hitvc him f.rvi: ainaii^ them.' r<:rhAps 
Hooker wm bimi.'Uid by tho fnvounsbU- judg- 
ment pronounced by V\ I'ston in referwiici' lo 
thw cldini of Sir T'ctt-r Carew ;'q. v.] to the 
b«r<.iny of Idronv {Oil. -Slntf Papcri, Iri-l. J, 
307). But there is no donbl that aj. a warm 
ndrocAtu of Ihu wubliahuieni of a. luiiver- 
aity, the building of school*, and tho en- 
ibrc«mi>Dt of rasidencQ on the part of the 
clergy ait tln> Iii-sl infiii* of preserving peacM, 
Wei^lon hud the true iiu<^ri»t of his adopted 
country at htart, Xor did it rwjuire the 
sarcniiltr reference nf Loftu» to 'diHA«<mb1in^ 
papifttH' and 'cold or curnal prote#tAUl«' to 
convince him of tho impropriety of hU own 
posiuon u H Inyman in pOHNSiOQ of <KX:)ot)- 
U£licjinivtng!. Even before hia appointment 
to thv deanery of WiiUb ho bad expressed bifi 
doubt.s to llnrjihWy aK to taking tlie fw8 of 
Uw dvaniuy of St. I'utrick'e and yet neglect- 
ing to «rvo therein (/A. i. -)2()). Shortly 
•net bb srriml in Irelnnd ln^ had fulU-n a 
nwrtyr to gout, and, both cAiisea co-operat- 
ing, he hpggcd tn be recalled. But, though 
not ii;^in lucludeil in the eommiisioa for 
(Tovemmt-nt during the absence of the lord 
deputy, be wu too sorviceuhln to hit dia- 
j'enMd with. The addition of the dKimory 
of Well* appoara hsrdly to havo improved 
hia position, for itn 19 Aitg. 1<*7I KiUnilliam 
informed Bur^Ulcy that \\p hnd hi^en ron»- 
pflleJ lo brHak up hie house tbrongU very 
want \&i. i. -156). IIi» illoocs increasing and 




lu< ooascxuncc refusing (o let him any longer 
«-ojoy tho fruilH of hi» i»(rclewa>'tiol livings, 
he entreated DurgUley on 17 June l&7ii to 
ohMLJn )i«rn)i>u>ioii tor him to nMifptlhemand 
lo return to Kngland. Though gn'Atly op- 
pressed, he still HtruEgled lo perfiTni lb«> 
dutiett of hJA otticc. In the foHowirg April 
he uav r«-]K)rted to he exlrtmely tU, and un 
20 Jtnv lo73 he died. Uo was buried in St, 
Puirickfr, Dublin, beueath iheallur, 'k'uring 
behind him an excellent charactiT for up- 
lightni'ss. judgtnenl, leonuntf, courtesy, and 
piety' (C'oiTOS, Four* fi-cfc*. ii. 97), 'A 
notable iind lingular isAn,'fiayA llnnkrr, 'hj 
profeMiuu n Unycr, hut in life u divine' 

Weftton married Alice, oldi-At danghter of 
Ktcbard Jenuingij or Jenyus of Itarre, netir 
ijjchlivid, by whom hr had n son John, D.C.ti, 
and treasurer of tho cathtsdrol uf C'hrteCi 
Church, Oxfonl, where, dying in \\i&i, aged 
t^O, he waji hurivd in thiT north wing; and two 
daughlura— A lice, who murrtt'd tirai iiiigh 
Brady, hiidiopof. Mouth, nndeLCtuidly fiirGeof- 
fniy fViiUm'ij. V.J, by m hum iihchiuin son Wil- 
liam and B aaugnler Oatlierine, who hofama: 
the wife of Iticbwrd Boyle, fimt en/I of Cork) 
\<l. v.] ; find KlhflrpdA. In the monument 
erectt-d by his grandson, the Earl ol' Cork, in 
Si. Patrick's Cathedral, thir elljgy of Dcau 
Weaion, in a Tecumbent poaition, arrayod in 
his robes of state, is pieced und<.-r uu arcU 
which occupiM tho iiliper part, with an in- J 
Kcriptioii recording hit services and virtues - 
OIosl'k Masox, ^.Patrick'*, pp. 187-71, 
luid Appendix, p. liv). 

lO't'taiiaKsa's Llvai of lbs Lord Chancellor 
of Irclaad. i. •ii&~fi2-. Wood's Athcnie Oxao. cd 
Blim,i.3ftQ; CootL>'sSkctchrsof Bngli^liCivilifuis, 
p.42; Smyth's Law OtHranuf IrvUnd.pp. 23-5; 
I^h:d11u&'b Lib«r Munoruia, i. ii. 14: Suype's 
Worka (general tiiilcx): l^tmins'* HibliothMAi 
^tiiftiirli'ii^i* ; Find niilhnritjvi quotoil.] It. I). 

WESTON, STEPHEN <lCe5-l-42), 
Vwhop of Exeter, ^aid by tradition nmona 
his descendants to havo been nearlv rtduted 
(u lUchonl Wesiuu, first «'Drl uf Portlund 

ti]. v.], tht! lord treosurt^r, wa* horn al h'arn- 
urough, Berkshire, on 2'»I>t.'c. ItlUS. lie was 
pducnliiil ill Kdm, ln.'ing si.-vtinteh'urh boy oilj 
an indenturt' mafh^ at the ekctinn in ltt7)^, 
and proceedud lo King's College, Cambridge, 
whrrc he wtts adtnitt<rd scliolar on IS May 
10^. lie graduated D.A. in lOiJO 7, 5I.A.'| 
ItiUU, and hecame a ft-llow of his colle 
In 100S-C> ho gure to tho coUe^ the twat 
folio volumes of (Jneviua, which are calt 
'Tlioaunis Antiquitatum liomanorum.' On 
20 l)'-c. im)L' he wha admitted nludent at 
(! ray's tnn. 

^Vuston was en swiatant muter at Eton 
frotnaboatlOdO,aiid from 1693, when hftt« 



Weston 



372 



Weston 



orden, be bdd Um poMof uaher oraoeond 
na«i«r. Ill-h«hli cDtDpelled bim on 9 Oct. 
1707 to retire frum icbool life and to uccupt 
a fellowxliip at tLi* irol1<^g(.>, Hu was a wlii(;, 
and inl'-iidcd 1<> »t«ud fur thi? provikHl&klp of 
Kinfr*» Colle^ro in opmeition To Pr. Adjims, 
' a biijb-cHurcli Jimti. Tw qiiulifv liim9>-ir fur 
lliTS hiMidAliip itwn-''ni>op*iATy that hfi fihoiilc! 
have taken ttiv de^e of D.l>., und as tliv 
j'riendii ol' tlie riviil ciiitdidiiti- might, hav*^ in- 
terposed some oImmiJm to Ida obtaitiin^ tbe 
ouatiGcatioD nt Cambiidge, liu wrnt to New 
£oUei^, Oxford, and became B.D. and I>.l), 
a« a gnmd compouDd^r on 10 Dec. 1711. 
UiirortuDBlrlv a tor>- miniMi^- camu in dur- 
ing tlie aut imiu of I7L0, and Dr. Adams wu 
madsprovotit. HtMLnmfnllL'dWctflon 'ugood 
KikolarandugoiKl-iinlur'd amn' {O>ll«eliofu, 
ed. DoblB, iii.L>77-*}. 

WMton wa* inElallud as canon of Ely on 
23 Junn 17i>^, and r«laiiiMl Uic rnnonry 
until 1717. In I71fi lie was appointed to 
tliB vicftrag>> of Maplrdiirbam in t^xfnnl'birr. 
Through tft« intewst of Sir Kobtirt Wulp^Ie, 
wlio w\ been a schoolboy under him at 
Kton, 111' VM appointed to* the bishopric of 
K.^vter, bt-iog^ conwcraled at Lambeth 00 
28 Dec. 17^4. The m* of Exct^ wb« 
ucanly ouduwvd, and Wt>«ton, like the 
bishops before and after liini, held many 
other prcformetits in nmmndam with it. 
Ilieee incliifi<'d llm nrclonw nf Coliitnck in 
CoriiwiiU (1721) and Sliobrooke ia Drvoii- 
abire (17-41; the Irejtsureohip, with a 
Cftnonry,of fixetopCalhcdrnl (17ii).tindtb« 
•Khdeocouiy of Exeter (L>ti Jan. \73\~-J). 
lie lived mostly at Exoter, rarely cotninif to 
tbe muctiugs at parliament, aau is taid to 
hate been too apt lo trpat bia c]cr([T as if 
tbey weru boys uiidi-r him at i>chool. A. 
]>romi>uof ImitHlntiuri to Kly bad been ^icen 
t-o hitn. but Itisbon <Jrt;en. ihu occupanr of 
lliat biiliiipric, iliil not TiiCTito it until f.bu 
iotlnnities of Wr-stnn fiirbade (he aprmiut- 
meat. 'Though long and Hertrely atllicled 
with pout, he ditnl of a mali^iant fewr' iit. 
tJie palace, Exeter. 011 H Jan. 1711-^, and 
waa buried in ibu south aialc of the cathedral 
on 12 Jan. A ^Ibtidid moDumeDt, with a 
long iancripLion, waa erected to bis memory 
on the wall ufthu south choir uiitlc. Hia 
wifu was 1-iicy, diiiighttT of IJr. Kichanl 
Sleecb, oasistuDE muster, and afterwards 
fellow, at lituii, und xislwr of Dr. Stephen 
Slfoch, provost of Eton from 17-16 to ITfift. 
She diiju onJ March 1741-2, and was buried 
with hi-r hiirtbftnil in thf- cAtht^dral. Tlii^y 
had tievera) ctiildrea. of n-hom Stephen waa 
£»tbcrorSt(phen\Ve4loii{I747 1830) [q. v.] 

Two poslhumouA voliitnci of Kirworu by 
t^ biahop were published lu 1747 under the 



oditonhip nf Thomsn Sh«rloclt, thm bUfaop nf 
Paliiibury. They showed learning, bat wef» 
frigid in «tyli<. Many of the acbooUhooks la 
Ufie nt Eton until abont IMtOw«r« compoaed 
by him, and his name etilt eurfirea thera ii 
' VVedton'* Yard,' m called bccauao ' ho «e- 
cupied ihe picture»que gabled borne at the 
riffht-hfind corner of the gateway from th» 
Playing Helds.' Ill* portntit, painted by 
Iludion, ii in the college hall at Eton. An 
engraving of it wa< made bv Oeorj^e Wbtte 
in 1731. TliK bikhop inlro<iucMd at Exvtc* 
on 3 April 1738 tbe eustom of beepng tha 
epiaoopul ngisten of iitBtitutions in EofHuh. 
fOIiTei'ii Biahops of Eifler. pp. 1S2, STJ, 
S8T; Fvotor'a Alumni Oxon.; NgtcaaadQaanca. 
4ihh«r. ii. 203.4791 Willi.i itnd OUrk'ii Ou>- 
bri'lKc. i. »«3 ; U Nerc'a Faati. t. US. 38S, IM. 
437; StubWa Ii««. AoKlkaDum, 2Dd edit. p. 
130; IIanriM>d'R Aliirani Eton. p. 83; Litr'n 
Ktoii. p|<. 377-8; I'ulwheU'* Dovon, iL 13-lt, 
17. 33,36; infonoalion ffoia Ur. Arthnrhnrc^. 
lr".aA.. of Exeter.l W. P. C. 

WESTON. STEPHEN (17l7-ll»S0l. wi- 
licjiwry and man of letl»_'nt, bom at I^^-i-r 
in 1717, was the eldi-st M>n of Su*pb<-r ^^ 
ton (d. 19 Jan. 1760>, registrar of I 
dioccM from In Au^^. 173.^ until hi' : 
who iiiurni'd Klizabeth Ox'.'nbom oi' -■ 
Tawton, Devonshire. Stephen We&tont Itit^V 
1712) '|q. v._. bishop of E.M-tcr. wan biafinnt)- 
fntlii-r. ll appi-nrx fmm the cat hedral fs •- r 
thai he was hnpli.^ed in private an '^ I 
1747 and wc^rired into the church on lOJiil*, 
He waa ednoaifdnt niiiMdi'ir«i»chnol.TitT:r- 
Ion, and at Exeter CoHcKe. Cxfonl. ''i. 
he matriculated on 7 June 17*14, an: 
08 aojourncr from 4 July 17fti to 7 
17B8. An intereatin^ leiler on bis Ufe *I 
ExL'ter College i« printed by the lualori ' 
manuvCriuta eomtni»>ion (lOlh Hf-p. til. 
App. p. 406). Ui« degrees ww »..(. 
Si! .78.1. 17flfi. M.A. on 14 Nov. 1770. R.n. 
on 2 Mar 17r^3, and he waa a TVTon4iT« 
fellow 01 his college from ITtIB to I'M. 
Atiout 1771 li? Accompanied .*^ir CTiart* 
Warwick Bampf;rlde of Devonahire as tutor 
inn pratrnctod tour ou the continent, ml 
nvviit lost bi« love of traTel. To Paru if 
waa devoted. He witnessed Ihe events of 
th« roTolution in 1791 and 1702, but Brl 
from th<! French capital about the middle tif 
.Vugiiat in the latter year aa from a city ifl 
which you might hv ' ktlltrd by miatakv nr 
for aix livrcs.* Aft^r tfap treaty of .\ininis 
in 1402 he baatened lo visit I'aru agsinavi 
duringtliesummiTof l!*2l», when over ei^iy. 
be waa seen almost daily at ita theaticaaM 
other placea of amu»em<^t. 

On the Domination of 1,ok1 Liabumiv a 
friend in eerly life, Weston woaadmitted 



Weston 



3l3 



Weston 



S9 MuTCii 1777 lo the rectorj of Mamliftad, 

^Dcvnnsbire, on tlio bit! orerlookin^ ibe 
rlvpr Kxi", «nd during hU incumbi.'nry hv 
Kbttilt U)s parenQoge-DoUK, He wasiti-Mi- 
tut«di on 1/ Jan. 1784 to tLe n^ctoiy of 
jittlfl fleraptitoii, nenr ToCnes in the Mma 
owuly, wberc he purchfised and placed in 
llie north chancel window of the church some 
:uriuus ttiiiiicd glaM which had be«n in 
UarMon church (^WoBTnr, Deei?u Partake; 
u. n-HX), Ho imcattHl Lis ft-lluwttliip lu 
1784 b)- inarryliiff Peuflupe, younjn'at daugh- 
' of James Tviravy, a cunuiusBimier of 
OUDt», of CiiNivti Hill ill M«ngot»fi»'M 
'parish, (Jifiuwjitcwhirfl, She died at Caen 
ID \ormaiidy late in 17^9 or t^arly in 1790, 
of coti!*m«piii>n, in httr tl)inT-*w>iid ycflr; 
and Ial« in 17W \Vi!etoD resigned iho living 
of Mumhnad, but hi.' rctniuiid tlioLicm-lic« of 
Llulfl Keoipaton uiitil 18:^3. 

After the death of liis wif^, Westi^n de- 
vout htmsvlf lo art and litornuirc. Iluwaa 
«lect^ F.lt.H. oa I March \~,Q± and KS.A. 
■on 18 IX*. 1704, and lired for Eomu years 
mnung' th« ililntlunli vti Loiulnn. l[i.> wnx 
■dubbdd by MathiM and G»?nrgi> Stpj-vr'na 
• CU«»ic Wwton' (Piirfuitf of Littraturt, 
3rfl dialof^e), and \ie hnd a nnmttroits cirdo 
of lady admirers Mho fed his vanity. Uis 
^emini»ccllC^;s (in; i*aid to have been contoiued 
in about fifty voluuivs, but inquiry has bovti 
made for Ih^-ra in vaiu {_Nt)te« and tjuvrie*, 
Sth eer. i. 18 1, 31)7 ). A l the ag« of eighty- 
two be died in Edward ii^'trovt, I'ortaian 
Square, I*ondon, on S Jan. 1830, lie left 5/. 
pur annum lo thi.-]>ourini-ucbof the parifilius 
of Little llcmpaton, Mamlia^ad, and MaryU- 
bonu. HiB pprtniit, probably by Sir JoHhita 
Hi*VHi>ldw,hang!t in the liiiH in Kxi-li-rColli^gi-, 
and WB8 engravijd by Fr-'eraan. There were 
aUnI wo pnvaie print* of]iiiii,one by Harding 
from a picture ]iainteil at Komv in I'T'n tliM 
other, etched about XH'^H by Mrs. J)nwson 
'i'iirn<;r. A fiinhcr print waa from a bust by 
\V. BebneainI82l. 

Th« works of Weston compfisod oriental 
tranHlaliouii, di-iscripti'jiuof Irnvul, and ihtiu- 
lo^cal treati»e», and maiiv of them wen; at 
iIk' daiif of publicatiuu of retnarkahlw inte- 
rest. They (;iiin priiie : 1 . ' Viaggitinii : Ilu- 

tuarha on the Buildinpi, &c., of Roin«' 
<iiiiOH.), 1776; »ni.ihcr(3dit.J790. 2. 'Her- 
mi-eianax, siro ronjecturm in A th^^nicmn,' 
I7K4 (liis own copy, with manuscript notes, 
in in thi- Dyce collection, South Keu»ington 
JVluseum. A review by Porson of it appeared 
in l>r. Mftty'a'Reyiew,' April 17»4,np,i3»- 
tiVi, and u included in Kidd'a *lract« of 
Porewn," pp. a8-47). 3. ' Attempt to traiu- 
]ate and vxplalntliuPillicult Patuutgee in the 
Song of UeVrah; 1 78H, 4. * Turflo Dijv« : 



a Tale [in veme] from the Krirnch of M. de 
Florian* (.anon.), fJaen, 1780, 5. 'Winter 
A>wi>inWy,"r l'ri>vincia! Rall/irKt. H.'l^-l- 
lers from I'ariii during the Summer of 1701 ' 
(nnon.), 179'2; Und vol., a» 'letter* from 
I'arid (l)iring tlio Summi'r of 17'.':i" (anon.), 
1703. 7. ' Klegift Limylans cnece: Inter- 
nretc Stcphnno Weston/ 1794. K 'Con- 
jecture*, with Hhort Commvnt^ andlllustra- 
tious of Vnri<!)iia IVssnges in the >'ew Testa- 
muut,' I79& (th(.-Be wt>r« iucoiporatcd in tbo 
fourth edition uf William Bowyer's' Critical 
Conjecliuvs on tbe Nl'w Testament,' 181l'). 
0. ' lIiirntiuM Flnocus, cum loci* i|uihuMlnn] 
p finecifl ftcriptoribiia collatis,' 18(1] ; another 
edit. laWi, 10. 'Coaformity of European wilh 
Oriental rjiTAjfuBgo.*,' ]8(U; onlargf-d, 1p03. 
11, '^ipirited lleraoiist mnct from lUjab. 
Soubah •Siu)^ to Emperor Aur«nei(<-hi>,' Per- 
sian aiid Kn^lisb, 1H03. V2. 'Tno l*ruis*i of 
Paris: a Sketch of the Krencb Capital in 
1&02,' 11-03 (cf. Kotea anil Qneritr, Vth dor. 
is, y<J-7). I.'i. 'Uarenel Kiitellua, or Ilourke 
and the Chicken, Carmine LulLno,' 1804. 
14.' \\'t_-mrri», or Short Charact i-n* of ICart Lm. 
Ry Temc Filiua [i.e. Weston],' ISufi; pi. li. by 
Twrr«».Filius I'bilaericola, iSW- 16. ' .Moral 
Apbnri^mA in Arabic and a Pernian Com- 
mentary in Ver«e,' 1&05. IH. 'Fragment 
of (1 Tragedy lately actc-d ul the British 
jUuKcuai, or the Tears of Cracherode [at the 
theft ofliiii prints]' (anon.), 180*1. 17. ' Frag- 
ments of Oriental Litorattiru, with an Oiitlino 
of alViiiliiigoii aCurioiw China Va.se,' 1807. 
IH. *;V Short AecQunt of the Lnte Mr. I'orson. 
I5y an Adiuirorof a Ori'iit Ounim?,* 1808; 
iK-iiwued in 1814 with ' I'orsoninna: or Scrap* 
from Torson's Iticb Feast." 10. ' Short NuU% 
on Shiiltupt^nm by wnyof Sij[mliimt'iit ti^i John-* 
son, Stei'Vens, Malnne, and Douce,' 180S. 
20. ' Ly Tang : an Imperial I'oein in Chint-wi 
by Kien T.ung. Witli Translaiion and Notes,' 
J*4)St. yi, ' A Specimen of I'ietiirecouel'oetry 
in Chlncae. Inscribed on « Cup br S. W.,' 
1810.'' -I-l. * lU'mains of Arabic in' Spanisb 
and Portuguese Langungps,'^^'*^- 23. 'Con- 
qu«Ktof the Miuu-tt-e. By Kiea Lung,' 1810 
tcf. Quart. Jifri-itur, iv. .'Mn-Zt'l. ^4. • Speci- 
men of a Dictionary in Knglish and Chinese,' 
1811. 'ITt. 'Sian-cu-lin; or a Small Collec- 
ticm of Chinese Characters/ 181 2. 26. ' Per^ 
ginn llecreutions ; or Oriental Storjen by 
Philoxenns Soeiindufl,' 1813; reiafiii<>d as 
•Persian Hecreations : of New Tales,' 1812. 
27. 'Persian Distich-H from Vnriou* Aiilhors.* 
IBM. 28. ' Fao-hf-cbeu: a Talo in Chinese 
and Eagliah. With Notes and a Short 
Oramm&r of tbo CbincM Lon^iuge,* 1814. 
20. 'Oreek, l^tin, and Sanscrit compaTod,' 
1814. SO. * A Slight Sketch of Paris in tis 
Improvtid State aiuctt 1802. By a ^'i«itc 



'eston 



374 



^estbn 



li^li. 31. 'Odd lu CatliHriD<! tlip (ireat, ' 
•21 Jon. I7tv,; lr«tiHliil-d 1H1I>. H-J. • Episodes I 
from thtf Shah Nainvli, hv FeMoow.'. Trsn^- 
loiwl iiitoKiiKli.liVpn'B.Mslfj. as. 'Cliinwe ' 
Po(4m inscriif^l on l^ftrrpUin fA.D. l?"*']- 
\Vitli» OoiibU- TriinBlat ion ftjiti Notes,' 3e^lo- 
84. ' IVo .Skclohcfl of Frnnoe, Di-lffium, and 
8pB, 1T7! and liflU,' 1817. ^5. ' Ia 'Ammi: 
an ExenvAtion of k lloman Villa cu the 
Hill of CliaU'ltl, 1772. Willi u journpjr tii 
tlip Simplon nnd Mont lllaoc ' \ niion. ), IHIH. 
Stt. ■ Nvp.' iJ^m. 37. ' Kncliiri.lion Itom* : 
the HuililinRS, rktiir.?*, &c.,v{ Itomu,' IrtlH. 
38. 'F.strnclB from n .Toumnl, June to Kpp- 
ti'tuljcr, iHlll 'oti l'rani»-, }i<?li{iiini, nnd Ciei^ 
maiiT.Binin.},' iHi'O. ;«>. 'ChicflsrC'lirnnicii^ 
hy Abdnlk nf FtoTzn. Translated front tlut 
IVrsian." 1 KJO. 40. * Tamok Kivtaioe : Chint-M 
C'limnnlngy.' 1S20. 41. ' Voya^rfS of Hinu 
and fyaloroon.' iJ^i*!. 42. ' A TrimeMer in 
France niid Switn-rlanH, July to Oetobfr 
1H20. Hy nil n^tonian,' ]H2l. 4.-}. ' Vi«t, to 
Vau<?lu!)«in .Maylf«21. BvtlioAutliorrpf lh«* 
■'TrimPrtiT,'" l^MJ. 44. ' IVtraivbiaiiii ; 
Additkmu to tho " Vi§tt to Vaiiflti-**," ' 
182S. J.'.. HV*-chi«rii' of l,1t*9; roprintfJ 
IhiS. 46. 'AMno^fltion»onlll.■I^Mdm^'Ifi■.»4, 
47. 'Tlu; Flnplivliiana Abroad : pt. i. GriNwe, 
Jjatiuni, I'eT-iiii, Hill) niiinn; jit. ii. Hnssin, 
Gi-rmany, luly. Fmncn, Spain, and Pon iigul,' 
18:;j, a mi'dJi'j- nf iticroi^ in prow ami Tf rae. 
with InitUiUiidnfi. ■JK * Historic Notio^i of 
Towfifl in (irE*«* niwl ndn-r (.'"wnlrius Llint 
bave Mrnclt Coinn.' la:;*;: 2nd «.dii. 1827. 
4y. 'Short llccolk-cl iuuH tit a Journey to 
Pwwtum/ iH'2i*. 

Wwlon conlribnt(.-d many arlirl4>H to tlic 
' A7^lilBoIo|iia * on T'liim nnrl mp<lnl» bptween 
1798 and 181^, and supplied tiotoa, ttiencd 
' S, W./ to JohDM>n nnd Ste^vens'* 'iyiak- 
Bpeanj' (170.1). and fn the m'v i-dilion(lHOi) 
1™- S. Roiiiutvaii of .fohn IticliarilimnV ' i^m- 
cioiMi of Pon<ian Poelrri or Odrs of Ilftfiz.' 
Ho vcM a coiitnl>ut<«" to tho * (i4.>ntl(>nian's 
Mnf^zin*?,' toNichoU's 'Literary Aiieodottia* 
(seo ix. 41, -i:<(li. and tu thu 'Clasaiul Jour- 
nal.' iind he aiipplied |iofm>i, mi^nn] ' W, N.,' 
to the two Toliiiin-e of *Popinfl, chififtr hy 
Ocntli'min of IVvon nnd Cornwall,' ("9^. 
Aiici inu catalopuMof the ' rcmainin)j; portion 
>of hiii libnu-y ' and u( hU ' Orvek and Koman 
coins and raednM' wpn> iuiicd in 18%. 
Among tho books of iho Kerrich bequt'Kt, 
-which -mis Tfjoclcd by tho unir^r&ity of 
Caniliridpo, was ' a complMe collwtio'n of 
Sli-ptien W'Mton'n tracts, many of tlifin of 
the Rreat'est rarity, given by thu author him- 
aplf Ifl Mr. Kerrich' (J^rothbro, ffmry 
£raiMa»: p. 18.S). 

[1)aiici''i l-Ixctor College Friloni, ed. lS94,p. 
151 ; Foata''& Aluiuci Oxod.; Ocnt. ilng. 1?9U 



i. 179, IS30 i. 170^ : Kotm ud Glnnipp. r. 
A-0 (hy U, W. C, i.e. Cotlon. wlia pcaBMWd « 
bnlky roliinui of Inn rollrclHrioa} ; Pol«h*-la'a 
Di-Tun, a. 3(1 ; Vfmucit't I'onon, pp. 4i-&-1 

W. V. c 
WESTON, THOMAS (rf, 16*3?), mer- 
chant and onlonist, was in 1619 in cI«f 
corn-fjiondpncv with tho Ipadrre of tU* Kne- 
lifih conf^i^^iinn at I.eTd<^n, and eapeciall^ 
with John Itobitiwn (ioTO^-lOi'Sl fq. v., 
thrir minb<tcr. In rlie spring- of 16SI) )if 
went to Leyden. and, Hu'iiiig the exile* 
ui'tjotinting'witli the mi^rrhant* of Amolcr- 
dniu with a tiewtotln-ir t>uigralin(: \fi N« 
Anisl^Tilain, hi' pfrsuadt^ (hem to hrirak nil 
thfw m.-colialion)', 'and not to tnt^ddhi wiiL 
th*> Dutch or ilrtMind tfio much oa t)>« Vir- 
ginia Company, for hp ami eome other mei- 
chant*, hm (rifiMlr, 'uould evt Ih'.-ni forth.' 
and providp for them such tdiippin^ acj 
money as they newled. l{ohin-''on. J^tn 
Cacv«r Tq, Y."], Wilhnin Iir.tdfi>n! 
10'')7> [(|. v.], and llifi other I»-nd.>r.- 
pnrty helieretl thnt he -was actunit-i i . 
nineert' and ndi^ion* «*nipnthy •witli ;:. 
cntis>\ and followed hi« •iifTtft^l ionfr. TUp 
rigorous conditions tt nrhich ho forct-d thfun 
to ugrt'e wvTv piw-n.-d a* for tht^ nl»fio 
tionof W.-*ton'fl a5<'o>-inI«'» ; but f "atrer, un 
afrivin^ in England lu citncludo th*' dopm- 
Hiry nrranpeinent*, found thai litlbi nu 
dnno. atid thnt, pmrlicaliy, Weston rf^fur^d 
to adranc*' the monoy unleaa he had tlii' 
autocretir direction nf tho -whole. Thr 
acai'iano" which he finally iia^e them vu 
innch Ids3 than he had promieed, anj tbe 
' pilKTimt ' Wen- Pjduocd w very fnvtti »trtil» 
for the proseculion of their voya^. 

In Novembdr ItJSl the Fortune, a email 
t***kJ of fiftyfivi- ton*, caniK out fwiB 
Wegton In thf< colonists nt Plymouth ; bui, 
though *he was ntnt back with a ttrgovt 
cIa|>-hoard5 and beavcr-iikla'i to the raliw J 
fiUO/., ^^'estoIl had thronn bis old friend* 
OTcr, and i^solTi'-d to send ont a i-ii- ' 
colony oa his own veutunj. In thi- 
was no pretence at anv r»Iif;ioua n - 
It v.-ni for ifao simplo mWancirmcnt <A' ' 
Idh'n inti>re-itii, and the c^iloniats wen/ :ui- 
Hcom and oiitcaEla of civUiaai ion. Tbv 
council tor Xt^w !'*n|;land jii*liltoiitN] acaiiut 
this a8 nn infrinjjt'meni of their chartw 
[Bbowk, Genf'i* qf tkr Vnited S*"'- 
S) M«Tand R Jnly li122): bm the ■ 
tion Ret out under the ^vemmeni 
cliard Urct-nc, WMtonVbrothcr-in-hm, u i.i 
arrivt^d a: Plymouth, where tUey rcnmitiwi 
two months, wnfrttng their stores io iiUi^ 
09^. On^cnc dit-d, and, under thi-. rule nl 
mm Saunden, they finally .'•cttled at a pUoi 
afterwards known as ^Veymouth, near Bos- 



Tnn. llBremanroftbeEn (iJHlufBiL'kupHs. and 

pxti^nniniiiion— (I fnfo from which ihfv wen.* 
r™pue(I hy ■ yurty from I'tjinfiiitli l«nl by 
Mvli'i* SinndUn [»|. vJ Shorrly BflcrwarJ* 
W fMon liitn>w*1f arrivml in borrowiVd clothes, 
hftvirg ]o?t cr'.'rytliinjr, mid wrm oWipcrJ to 
be^ n «iuitll «tock of Umvor lo s<jt up in trade. 
Prcsi^nLlr Ilnbert fiords [sea iindor IjOEfjTA 
i?IK FEKPtXANSO' CUIDO uul With a Rtyii! 
tninmiMion aa lieolPnnnt-povwnor of the 
district, and, conceiTinfr WeBton to ho un 
iM)i*rl'>]»iT, hnd him armiti'd. Umdford ott- 
tiiin<>[] hta relpasc, and lia was i>Tontuallv 
pc'rniitt<?d to return to Kiinliirid, Hv is 
Kni<l to hAVi? diet] At nriiitoL durinf;; tJie 
civil war. 

[I.itttr. if anything, is known of Weston b»- 
yofiil wIkiI in toll) by Brndfnnl in hi* History of 
Plyiisnntli ]'lantnlion (cnlltv-cioni of tli* .Mdni.. 
BImi. t^mv., 4th nr. toI. iii.) All vther roli- 
tif.ns -Vottng'M Chrnnu'li^ of tho • IMfjTim*, 
Priut-e'* r-liiMnolo|cipnl lli«t. oF tirw KnirUml, 
Hutilinn]'* Qcnoml HifUiry ut' New Kugliiid — 
^^^ Wv nicr*ly r^poliltotu (if jtr.ulfgrd'n Mory, >>iid 
^^^AcMuai-ily tiiiKod by liradfurd* bUlornem to- 
^^Kni^Jstlic uittu.^ J. K. L, 

^BwEBTON, THOMAS (17:t7-1770),iirtor, 
^^npaa sun of Thonmn Wvt-ton, a c»ok to 
(ti>(<r|^' El. tin iibtainiHl n pluci^ imdvr hip 
ftilh'.T fiH tiimbroa<rh, btit, nn arcouni nf in- 
dDlon(^<] aii'l riotoiU) conduct, waa diHclinr[;cd 
aivi M-nt to n-n na a midolitjiinivn nn bnuril 
the Warspite {7-i i^unA). Finding the life ini 
Khipl>nar<] wholly diilflntefiil, In* is rppnrted lo 
liavG «V(;:np''d by m<>nn« nf o otratiigcm and 
to hsvp jninpd a theatrical compaiiv pliiyinf( 
in th« t-nrirons of London. Alter inmrring 
the eiiXMniBry and, d« it npp«.'«n, iii«vital>lv 
expcTicncofi of poverty and hardship of the 
8iT(i]Uii(i L'ouiL-duui, lio found hill «^ay lo 
llartliolouK^w Fair, prohiiblyivbmii IT.'ill, und 
itc'I'.-'J (It a booth It^^pt hy Shuttir and YalG>.<;, 
liw fiitiin- Bn-wiriiitcii, Hi- i» lirnt tru(*d in 
Lonrlrtn on ifi Sept, 17fi^ when, for iho 
bfni'fil of (.'harlot ti- Olmrkera. v.1«t the llay- 
mnTkot, h^ nlavi-d Sir Ft«n«8 t rripp in tfio 
* Itii^ybndy,' This »am« nuttiran he niarricd 
N tnillinr-r in the Hayinnrkot, whom ho 
lirouffht on to lh« ei.if,'i!, whuro ifhu madu 
•ume flifjht iiami? im ait aptrcsn. The fol- 
lorriDff V'ur, under Konte, nt thi' same hoiu;i>, 
buMat) f'ii-k in liic ' .Mitmr.' !n llii- autumn 
€»f nr.O he vmA u luerabfr of the Hmorit 
AUev i'Oiii(uinv, Dublin, whe^^ he madu his 
firrt appfaranr^ os Fonrtbi-wifii in th«i 'Uld 
Jtnchrlor,' nnd wb! received with favour un 
th*" I.vinf,' Valft. Cymon in 'I>anion and 
i'hrllida,' Old Man Jii ' l^ethe,' DaiiiuL in 
the 'CoDSfioii* Lovers/ Clown in 'Measure 
£or Mcasar(>,' Uld Wuman in ' Hula a Wife 



and have a Wife,' anti otlwr parte. At thif 
timo even he xhowod the peculiar nniFeiM 
and fiiiipliuity for which h« hocamu Mlbs*> 
ijiiently rt^nowned. 

AftL-r jiuniiiir fnim hio wife hy muiual 
roiu>t*nl, Wi-sliiii niiju-jiri^d iit iJniry l^anc in 
the Huraiuftrof 17til, under this management 
of Fool« and Mnqihy, in several Dn^inal 
part* T Hrush in JI itrphyV • AH in llie 
Wninji' OQ l-'i June, l>apper iu Murphy'a 
'Citizen 'on 1' July, and Doctor in Thomnft 
l^entl^iy'g ' Wishv*, or llarl-^quin'!! Mouiii 
opened,' on the l'7th. This Wt piece, 
fimndvd, it iasaid, ou'Lt'eTroiitSuuhuiUt' of 
Irfi Fontaine, had beim n^hMaT*«d by Chn 
compEiny nt I.ord Melcombc'a villa, subne- 
(|iiirntly Brandimburgh ll«iiw. Undtr ihn 
regular manarfment at llrury I*ann he waa 
Beun as X'oloniuH to the llntnlet offinrrick 
on l4 Oct., and AuhtcHjiienrly im Jeremy in 
'Love for Ijove,' Itutlur in the ' Drummer,* 
Cb&rittoin ' l^vcmalie^a Man,' and Shallow 
in • Merry Wivfitof Windsor.' 

In July I'B^, nt the liaytnarki-t, Itu 
achieved the |rn>H(wL rucceM hilherti) at- 
taiund in the iiart of Jerry i^neaii, a lien- 

f>eclicd huiihand, written expr<-iwly fcr him 
ly FiioU', in thr Inttair'* ' Mayor of tiurratt." 
ISach at J>riiry I^ne, he played Foreaighl 
in ' Love for Ixivo,' Alwl Drupgrr in tlio 
' Alchi-mifir,' Maiden in ' I'linbridge Wulka,' 
Nieodemufi Sonutbodv in (he ' Stiwe Cuaeli,' 
Hud Sharp in the 'Lyinji Valet. At the 
Ilnymnriel in I'lll h« was ihe first Kiu«t, 
an antitjuaiy, in Foote's 'l'«tron.' Iliinn^ 
the two following ycnn liis nune ia not 
fuiHid ill London bill*. 

t)ii 2;i Dct. I'tifi he reamK'ared ai Drury 
LauL> tks the ^vxtun iu ' Much Ado a)K>uI 
Nothiii^r,' and he played during the reason 
Tester in the ' SuKpicious lltisbnnd,* apart, 
unniimed in thi* * lEehiuiriid,' the .Miiid iu 
' Knl«a Wife and have a Wife," Old AJun 
in ' !,ethe,'BndI''eehleinlhi' ' .StNWnd I'arl of 
Kin^ Henry IV.' He was. preoumaljly, the 
hr»t Jachidea in the 'Tailors' «t lh« Ilav- 
mnrket on 'J July 1707, iilayd Filch in liie 
' li'-TDKir'* Op"'rn,' the Sclioolboy in ihe piece 
tin named, and one of the pupila on Fontu's 
revival of his 'Oramri*.' Foolv, liuvitig re- 
eovnmd from thit tom of hi.i left, conlmurd 
Hie tnanagfineEt of the HnvDinrkirt, at which 
hoiiw Weaton wb« the orit^intil Dr. I-iii«t m 
Foote's • Devil upon Two Sticks ' on SO Mav 
irO^, the same character in lliLlH-r»tairH'» 
'Dr. La*t in hi* Ohariot' on 31 Aug. I7tJt), 
Jaek in Foote's 'Lame Lover' on i" .\u|i. 
1770, Bdly Button in Foot«'a 'Maid of 
BAth'on2(I Juno L771, and Abel Drugger 
in Fniiciii Gentlemaui'* 'Tobacconist on 
22 Julv. Id 1770 he is uiid lo hare accom- 



L 



panted Foota to Ediiiburgli, sad to ttsve 
appeared tbf T« ns Lftimcvlot Gntrb'^. In the 
miLuniiiof 1771 he waii with Tnte Wilkinson I 
ill York, whore he was scon in 'Sir Harry 
Sycnmcn-L',' n» wi>ll u such favourite porln 
HN Hrrub, Jerry Siitak, Ji'rry I llncliacre, 
Br. Last, and Abul J>ru;^<.'r. Back at the 
Jlnymarkvt, h^ whu Twij; in iht- ' * 'oopi'r ' 
in June 177:2, Putty ^a ^laxier) and JanuH ' 
in Foote's ' Naln>b ' on 'M Jiinv, Ninny in 
Gi>ntieman'« 'Ciipiil'a Ri»vi;ngfl' in July of j 
the fldiap year, Itutler in Foote'a 'PJMy in i 
i'attfn*" on tJ) Feb. 1773. Pilliip* inFoote's 
'Dauknipl' on ^1 July, Buck m the 'Trip, 
to l'i>rtstnouth' on 1 1 Au|;., Dan Druffgvr ii) 
Orntluman'^ ' PaiilhonnilC'st ' on 3 bept., ' 



Drugg. 
a 3 S. 
Tohr in Foote's ' Cojtener** in July 1774, nnd 
Kobm in Dibdin's ' Wutunnan ' on 17 Aiiir. 



iijr. 

Ho WBM thus, it la AnMt, n mainilay of Footu 
in thai actor's tnanHgcm^nt of the Hay- 
marki.-t. Other parte that he plared at this 
hntiiw inchid^d l*anilli(iii in tin- "l.yar.'Tim 
in the 'Kiiigbta,' Kichard IH (a Umll hs- 
perin)«nl madi- for hia lM>npfit r>n HO S)'|>L 
1774), Vainp in the ' Author,* Ditina Trapes 
in the ' IVf^nr's Upeni,' and Sin. Cole in 
Ibr 'Mitbor.' 

At Ih-ur^ I^ne, meanwhile, be waa aeen 
ns Daniel m ' Conscintis Lovi'rs,* Scrub in 
'Keniix' SiratftK'''"'' Jvrrj' Ulackacru iu the 
' Plain Dealer,' and Lucianus in ' Ilamlot.' 
On 17 Nov. 176*^ he was the original Maw- ' 
worm in th4^' HyjioCTiU',' acting it iiiimilnhly, 
■nd atunpng on it a rharactt>r it ri;tsin<^ 
witIiaucc«MireeKpon«nt8. Hub*e(|ii<>i)tly \m 
■WM Kn^r^aniifiifinnl pari) in ih>; ' Ituiitu- 
tion of the iJarter* on -*K ( kt. I77I, Gardener 
intho'PnimiD'jr,' Sl^xtcr Stephen io'Erery 
Man in his lluuionr,' Clinchi-r. jitn., in the 
•Constant Coujilo,' Thomas (an original part) 
in yarrickV 'Iriih Widow' on 23 0cl. 177^, 
Rftrvnnt (an original part) in the 'Duel' on 
a Nov., and Fliab in * Mi«s in her Tcuus.' 
Jo theswwn 1778-4 htt wax llir> ltn>l Bin- 
narle in the 'Fair Quaker, or the llumonn 
of the Navy,' on 9 Nov. 1773, Torrington (a 
barriatpt) in Kelly's 'School for Wivea' on 
11 De«., Tyoho iuGarrick'a ' Christ maa Tale' 
on 27 IK'C, and a chamcu-r tinnamrd in the 
'Swindler*' on 2-7 April 1771. lit- played 
Lory it) the ' Man of (jualitv ' and Juitico 
Woodcock iu ' Love in a Villagi.%' iiuitaied 
IlippiHiey'a Drunken Man, nnd for hia 
Iwnt^lii, by wiiy of parodriof* addresses da- 
llvi-red on tb« hackic nf aHscit, announctttl liim- 
aelf to Fpyak Judge Tycbo'a 6enti>npe ' riding 
on a rhino<;i'ro9.' On 17 Si-pt., tli« opening 
night of the following B^asnn, lir ims King 
in a prelude called the ' Meeting of the 
Company, or Hayes" Art of Actinp ; ' wn« the 
original Hurry in Burgoyo'e'a ' Maid of the 



Oaks' on Ti Not., Ja<rk Nii^htjihade iu Cum- 
berlan<1'a ' Cholcnc Man' on \& Dec^and 
y pv in Bates'a ' Itival Candidutw ' on 1 F»h. 
1 1 i.'t. 1 Ic was a Recruit in the * Racmitiog 
Oilic'T,' and for his benefit gave an iut^rluds 
called ' We*ton'9 lt«lum from the UniTer' 
siiioa of PamaMua.' Iu his lafit eoaaoo be 
wan the original Docey, a pariah clerk, ta 
flarricVs 'Hav Dav, or the Little GipaT," 
OD S8 QcL Wft*. Thi« wait hia lost part aud, 
8o far aa can be proTed, his U^t jwrfonDaim. 
Uq llJJan, li70liudip(lof habitual drunken- 
ncss. Thr thiol Tolume of * Dr&matlc Tahfc 
Talk* prints s mock will which Wrwton ii 
cn-ditcd with having m«d^ a few vreeks 
bvforv his death. In this, the lU-naturv qF 
which is at h-aat as consmcuou« aa itn wit, 
ho leaTi-a to Foote, from witom he deriTed it, 
nil bin consrijueiice; to Garrick hiA motuy, 
*as then: is notliing ou L«rth he is to ray 
fonJ of;' to PiL-ddinh a grain of hooMiy. 
whifhisararity hemmt valne: to Mr. '^ 
(#!(;) all hia spirit; tu Mrs. Yoaim {•'■ 
humility; to Shuter hia eiamjJe ; t4 Ura«- 
ton, a Bmall portion of modesty ; to Jacof)* 
hia ahoes, tor which hu haa long waited, and 
90 on. 

In hi* line AVeeloo was one of the Bdsl 

Snuinc comcdiana our ata^ hna fctwiro. 
8 was an artiat, moreover, and rarely 
otTendetl, as did other impersonators of clowns 
in speaking ' more than id set down furlbeiD. 
Dhvim coupli^ him with Benjamin JohuMt 
[o.T.] aa the only men who, in ' all the Mfti 
I they represent**! , nbimliih-ly forgot tbete- 
I aclvftt." Wh.'n tru-tr ttiiprinra in ' tba ait of 
colouring and hi^L finishing' lauglu^d at aomt 
' ea«UEd blund>-r of an actor or impropriety in 
the 8C?iie, th>-«e men were so truly abeorbal 
in characlcr that they never ]o«t Mght of it. 
I M'eeion's performance of Abel Dniggerbr 
I ita AEmpIiciiy, Daviea holds, almost elcerdM 
I the Gn» art of UarrJck. Uurrick, one of 
' who»u |irrfal4^l comtc part4 it waa, on teattg 
Wealon in it, declared it one of lu 
fmi'st pieces of iLcting hit evnr witiieaiwd, aiil 
' nreaentcd Wf-ston on hia benefit with 2Dt 
When Wl^ston played Scrub, Garnck(M 
Archeri found it dilliculr to ki?ep his cona- 
t«nnnce. Aa Daniel in the ' Cotucmv 
Lovera,* WeAton is auid to hATO been dhiJI 
bvyoud the cjnecptioQ of tbo»e who had ui' 
aeeu bim. Jliii bv-play waa mar^elloua, aaid 
hie hnmking the phial iu .\bel Dnigsvr; Iu 
rrtumln^ for bin ahoen after his medical ex- 
amination in Dr. Last; and Inn hurrying u 
w-ith Iiin wifu'a nii;ht-clolhn< on the writ 
known Miund of ' Jerry ! Jerry ! Whei* ai" 
you, Jerry?' in the 'Xlayor of Oarralt,' a" 
said to havo (ihown e.xc'llenc^ • that om-- taigii 
despair of ever eeeing again.' Ilariy 




AVeston 



377 



Weston 



anotlicT pMl. in in-hioli ha wu unequalloil, 
tliruw-iit^ ibe sudirac« into lit« ol mirtli 
xritbout moving n muselu of h\a feaiuraa. 
IIo letl uv 8iicu«Mor in liis indcfiiiBble »ini> 
plicity. Uibdia aap that tbo French koow 
nothinfT of sucli acion 4« Shut«r and Westoa. 
Wwtun cAnii-tl coiuiiilerablp afiUrifs for 
hiii tUy, but waa klwavs in dobt, mid frw 

Jiuenlly oblinpd lo w1m'|i in tb« theal.re for 
L4r of bailitlk lit) wuA careUss iu muni-y 
nuiltorsia quslitT Mini ■■tint cm imiiutrd to bin 
for generosity, f I is diHonlers leu lo hia being 
Ollca out uf en)|>Ioyiiieut. 

A portrait, by ZoffHny, of 'UVAton as Billy 
Button io tliu 'Miud'of Iklb* is in the 
MatbewH colli'cllon in the Oitrrick Club A 
awond, by Pm Luutliurboiiric, ib< Tvi-lio in 
Qirrick's ' Chrinl tnns Tiil« ' w us t'U(iraveJ by 
VhillipA. A picture of Fool*.- nnu Wwton 
as ibe I*rceid«Dt luid Or. Ltu>t iit tlm ' IWil 
on Two Sticks ' wsi) painted by ^tfany and 
engTftTed by X^inlaysoa. A portrait by HihI, 
in the cbanctcr of Scnib, wiu published in 
1780. 

[Uemoii* of that celcbnted eoinsdian Tttio- 
iubb] WiMtun], IxiD'Jou, 17TS, 8vo; OcDoat'n 
Acevunt ut the £agli«li .Sluv; OuIiop'b HiRtarj 




Jlirror; Thupikn Diclionnry ; Clark RuswII'k 
B«pr«MntAtive Actors; OearKian Rm; Dftrias's 
Dntnatic Uisrellaniw ; Dmmalii' Tnblv Talk ; 
Smith's Cit. KngrnTod Ponntitfi; ManhtH's 
Cat, Kngmvpil I'nrCraiti.] J. K, 

WESTON, Sir WIIXTAM (rf. 1540), 
priur o£ ttm knitfbl!! ufSl. Jotiu in l^iigland, 
■wBii thf w-coiid son nf Kdiniincl Weston of 
Boalon, Liucolmliin', by biH wifi' C'athLTtiic, 
<]nuK^lit^r and livir of Jnhn Csnit:!! of Kkait- 
■wirk, Dorset, Hir KicburdWeelon (1466?- 
lo4^J [l- ^'l "■'^^ '■'' brotber. Hu* family 
had already bnuii intimately cnimi<cted wiw 
the order of the kni^hl^ of St. John; two 
of Sir AVilliam's untW had 1)eld thv po^t 
of ' Turtopolif r,' or coniuiander of tUe Ujfht 
rarolry, an o11ii><? ffentmlly conferred on thi! 
most lUuatriuuH kiii)j>btH uf tho ' Ki^)i«h 
lancuase,' and ii third hnJ bwsn lord prior 
of Knglaad (Sir John Wtaton, thirtv-lirst 
prior, from 147B to 14H9j; ibtt William 
Weflton who defended ICIiodea against the 
Turks in 1-WO wa» pMbably bii uncle {Ihrl. 
Mm. liiGi : A'liff* and Queri^*, isl f^-.T. xi.fOl). 

The evUevt truce of Hit William Weston 
occun in 1608, whan on ^ Ucl. ho itrriTtN] 
nt Calais on ftomo diplomatic mi.'^ion ( CArvn. 
itf Calais, \t. [i\. In IftlU h(- wait at Klio<led, 
and in \a-'2 he diittiR|;ui«ht.<d liimtTi-lf ul iu 
9>i<:'g<i^; hv «viu one of tbi:' ft-w Kii^liith ktughtH 
wlu> Burrired, and was hltnself woanded. 



jVAvr ovacuatin); lEhud'.-s the kiii^lil^ made 
forCrrte; ht-n-, early in Vi'SS, Wiitim was 
appointed ' Turi-opolier' in place of .Sir John 
Houch, who hnil Iwi-n nlnin diinTig lbr->ief^'c. 
Hb was also placed in romttiandol'tbeGr^at 
Ctinick, 'the (ir»t irtitn-bid reconli'ii in !ii»- 
tory, , . , She waj sb^'albt^d with metal 
and |>erfectlT caunon-proof. She bad room 
Tor firo hundred mon, and pro%'isiouri for six 
uoDlliK. A picture of Ibis famous shin is in 
the royal collections at Windsor' t|Il&itKl- 
•OIF). In tha same yi'ar Weston, with ihu 
univertia] coriftcnl of I he English knights, 
was ^ntnl the right of succession to the 

firiontw of Knglatid and Indand. In \Ti1\ 
10 was Bent on an cnibaAiy to the court of 
Ilttnry VIII on behalf of tbi; order; on 
27 June 1Q27 he was appoint"d, bv a bull 
of the (jrand Master, lord prior of La^lnod, 
on the death of I'rtor Thomas Pocnu or 
Docwra. The lord prior had his head- 
quarters at Clerkvnwell, and ranked as 
pn.'niier burou in the roll of poors. Tbrro was 
sown dilficiitty over the iippoinlmitit, and a 
rumour wan cum^iit ibat Ilenrv intended, 
after ooDr<!iTiiig Iho oflicu oii n InvoiiriLe of 
hia own, to separate the Enf^Iish knifrbta 
from thv rwt of the order, and to station 
them at C&Iaij. Tho matter wa» nettled by 
a oersoDol visit of the gjand master— 
Viltiers do Lisle Adam, the heroic defender 
of Khodee— to J^nglund, Henry a»*>nting 
to the appointment of Sir William Weston 
and wit bij rawing his firot claim for a yearly 
tribute of 4,000/. fruni th« new prior ITaaib, 
iii. L'«Ji. 

In Io3-> We!<tou was present at d ball 
utvr>n by Uoivtte, the French ainbaiuuidi>r ; 
he ia clumcteriaed as one of the inlluemial 
adhwnints of tbt< papary (Frik»ua!4X,v1mji« 
Ao&tytf, It^^l, ii.f>l). 

He died 7 May 1540, the same day on 
whieh thft order was diifAoln-d. A pension 
of 1,000/. a year fur life iiad be«n ^etllud 
upon him nt the dinaolution. He ww 
buried uu tliu north side of the chaucL'l of 
the priory church of St, Jobn'«, Ulerhonwell, 
under ' a fsire marble touibu, with the 
]K}rtrailure of n da-ad man lyin^; upon his 
shroud: the mn<tt artifiriiilly cut in atone 
that ever man beheld' {Vi^^\Y.is., I:\kntrotl 
AUnumenta, \^M, p. ^TO). TJi« ruino of 
the church and this monument were removed 
in 1798. Wc«itOti in entitled lo rank as the 
laat prior, although an abortive attempt 
wa» made to revive the ' Gogliah Ijanguage ' 
under Mary [st'ii'.artji.SiiEi.i.Er,SlHKic'UAiU), 
and Tbxsiu'h, Sir TnojtA», il. IfifiO]; and 
titular English prion*, in most cans Italioaa 
hy birth, continued to lie u]n»tnt«d till tho 
dissolution of tbe order in 1798. 



Weston 



37H 



'Wcstoit 



I Leilas and Pniwn odli-ntyVIII.r^. llrower 
Knil Uairdnvr, |>M<«fiiai; Nucn* nnil (iiKirion, !■! 
eer. xi. 'iOl, nnd miihortiiofi tiiera citod: 
UiitchtDB'o i}iirM>i, ii. MX <ti. 676; PArtcr'x 
II1K. of tl)« Kniglit* q{ SUltn. IMS, ii. 2tiA, 
2UU, s:;:;, ^ii; ludi'* Ui» . ui' tbu Onlcf wf :ji. 
Johnof Jrmulom. 1S.5:;. iii. HS, 3-13, 376-Sl. 
iv, App. XXX* Mnnninc na'\ Brajr'B Hmt. of 
Surrey, i, 133; IliirrUoti'* Atiiia^ of uo old 
Mnii:>r Iloiup. 1893. pp. £0-71.] B. C-X. 

WESTON, WILLIAM (IGMP-Ifllfil. 
inauit, aluo known «.• KftMosna nnd Hu?fT, i 
born HI MaidAtoue id I&IU or 1')^, vfiu ' 
eilucat«d at Oxford, where he j^snid to luivi- \ 
been ft fullow of All SonU' College. liis j 
nsmtf, iiowaver, dowi iiol occur in th« col- ' 
1»^ TejfisUsri*, and if U inon- probable ibat 
b« wnt tHit \Villiiiin Weinm wbo was iid- 
Dkitu^ •( Chrin Churcb in l'»61. and pn,- 
dMtfld ».A. on 17 Feb. lM8-y. thwigb 
Foster Mmji'dnmllv iibjnlili'M tbU Wvfilon 
•with Sir NVtlliam WVntim {J. l.liW), wlio 
beciltna cbiff jntiticH of cotnmnn [ili-uit In 
Ireland. TlifTi- \* tio (Liubt tlint Weston wuh 
at l.lsfoni, wli«re lie wiia n cont«>inp*>niry 
and friend of l-Almimd f 'amiiinn 'j\. v.] Aftor 
grudiiaiiiifC In- weui to I'liri* to coutinue lii» 
•tuditfi, but in IhJ'J D'tuovvd to tlio iwvirly 
foouditd Miuiimry ut Duuuv. wbem be u-rk 
fiimllnl Ainutifi the tli<:-oUtf!iriil ilndcnt?. In 
1<"j7;1 lia was lon-iiurod and nct'ir<'d minor 
onU-n> flt llriis»*tl». Two v^-nr* biri-r Im re- 
eolvi-d to bi*comrt aji-niiit; hum-iont on foot 
for ICoui'*, nnd on fi Nov, lo7fi wh(« ri-O'ivwl 
inrorlieSt.Andrvw'flnoTilintoonthelJuirinjil 
IliU. Ill- I'.rfliill bi«prT.)]«'rtTlotlH>conpR»"«t; 
IJiiiiny,(in(ifiiit ofrespiirtforCamnionuiioptt'd 
the nnm<> Kdmutide or EduKUiu*. by winch 
he wn)i i-bii^tly lotown in Kiijfland ; b» nlso 
{laased souictiUKv undiT tbu iituue of Ilimt. 
AftT •oin" mcinlJi* nt Itomi- be vrn-t ai-n\ (o 
Montilin in Spnin to complete his novitiate : 
thence lie removed totb*- collHgt" nl I'lirtlovn, 
when.' be rcmiiini'd tbrt-i^ yt-iim. In l.'»7!Mie 
iTftii ordain 1^ priest, and. Blsuoiied &« oon- 
ftvMorat f^n I.DiMir nnd tVlix. In Itf^'i hi> 
wiw npnoinU'd 10 Tciicb Greek at the colloire 
lit Senile, where lie ruiuaiucd until 111 l>'i<S4 
1mi was MiWlfd on I'iir«iinit* n-cointnomls* 
lion Tor tb'- Kntiliiih rais«ion. Knrly iu 
July lie renrhpd Varif, where bn spont tonm 
liui" wilb I'lir- ini>, ami on l"i Si-pl, be xni- 
barlfivl at lfii*ppe, landiiifr on tlm rnnM. of 
Xwrlolk, and procei'ding tlienee to London. 

Wi'sion'» nppAintmi-nt was fis superior (>f 
Ibt) Enifli^U ji'suit niiwion in sucefaiion to 
JnaptT Heywood \<]. v.], who wua in ]irison, 
but a; thu tiiuo of hU arrival iberv wa^ fuid 
to bo not a jeauit nt liberty Ui Kaifluiid. 
His lin't «uceLVf» wbb the coDvereion uf I'liilip 
HgwHrd, carl of Arundelft^. v.J, bill bw aouu 



■c^uirt^d ifrent fatm^ by hJa repaifd 
eisuu o( devils Tbe*e mimolm bid atcai 
proved a {intent meant, of r>invvr' 
on the continvnl, and \Ve»iton"e ■ 
of iJiti method into Eofirlatid i» mi'l t 
beenmarkedhyequalsucccM cf.ari. 1 'a : 
JoHxl 'Hew«it fmin onecoontryln 
another with a number of priMts. . .^»l 
out devil* and |)^rrortn«l many pr ■ ■ ■ 
curtain maid Servants nnd othi - 
witiieMefi Bwore to the fat-Is. Tli'-v act imiii 
oawlhedevilaglitlin^itlMHit in inmen^enuBi- 
biT* undiT the *liiiui of tin* poxejo- ! 
li^befi swimmiup; ... A nmul"-rof tb* 
nivialt'd lb<.-ir nitini'« and oHices ond-r -.w 
intt!m>(iiitioufi of Weston; and Shakt^p^M 
bft* perpt-luatedihe memory of Mo<io, Jiahtt, 
Hiibbiiliilnnm, and riibberliKibbet, lii'd 
tii-rdn whn did bnmaffe lo the relic»'«f Ci^n- 
pioiiand teelitii.'dto thoMHctily •>f \\ ■ 
( AVny /y«r,iirt iii.«r. iv ; H «»biixETr,(ij 
fiO, ICO : Law, Jetw'tJt nnd Secular; \ 
x\v, ami ■ IVvil llttntin^ in 1-Ilb 
Kni^Und ' in yiiu-tj^nth CWifury. xxi 
»')!].) Weston wroie an nrsvmn' 
proce^lin^s in n ' Hook of Mir.r 
i« only known from I be estr:u' 
' A ileclftpalion of Efjrenioti* I'muh Iilijh 
tur».'e...pnictip'?dbyIidionnd»rt/i'». \\c»i( 
a It>Hiiit,' nubliNhnl by Samuel Har^p 
[({. v.) in \iVS. A pu.wii;« in tht» t 
(|UOted from Wertun deH'ribtnG; hon* hi^ 
out of one Mainv ' IVinoi* Mixiu ' and tlu; 
reprice lit lit ives of the seven dendtr "in*,! 
siii,'i?'-*i'"d to Sbakw^varc aome frolun*' 
tlie fviifw'^l inndnt'M of Etiiiitr. WeeHi 
whn waa himself '^riM^ly siijw-rKtitiOn* 
crcduluuii I'ven for hi* t ime,' i»rob«bly Iwlmt 
ninoTtily ill iheto! iimiiir.->iatiflnfl. and tl(M» 
is no niH'd to FUpiHiifie ihiitthurc «■« deli* 
beralti fraud on In* ]inrt. 

11ie exHtemenL rauscil by this lanatie 
and tlie diwovwy nf Bnhinirtan'* plot 
bnbly led to WV^ton'sarrfiit on I \iig.U 
He was itoririsoitod in the Clink 
mined m tohia conDcrtioii with llat 
fon»pirney; no cvidciK-e wii* found 
bill), am! be ewcajied bia iD^^ivintc . _ 
fate. Tho Coimtej" of Arundel U mU"' 
barevikitedbim iiidii^uiafniidtiihavecift'r 
to purrhnap his relcafic, but \\'e*lon i" 
Ho remnintM] in ibe (.'link lilt IGG 
I the nlami of the Spanish armada si 
to the goverumenl tlie pl»n of bavi 
impriwni-d IConian raiholirf>,lnymeii,H?ru 
priests-, iind jefuitM, confined in one »tn»i 
bold, to prevml their wxipernting in 1 
inviuion. Wijitech (.'astle was selected, aw 
We.iton WBH transferred thither from lb 
riink on 7 Jan. 1587-8 (^Aeta Prify CfmiT, 
irib7--8, p. iUia). For nix y«axa lie andiodin 



Weston 



379 



Weston 







Holitarv coutiti'.-rutfnt mid ktv^I bunlHlii|>«: 
liul til laHH a ronAidenklt* cliftri^i) woAmad^ 
in t)it> tn-itimtut of tbo prisoopre, viUior 
becuu^e iiuini^ilinla dnn^r ItatI ]tA«se<l, f>r, 
fts bM been en^reRted, becauw the gavern- 
meat tbonf^bt that if th« Itomnn catlinlim 
yrcTo fpven ro[H) cnoti^h tb«j- would h»ag 
tbem^lveB. 

Thiscnlcnlstion VIL8 tn MRiorxtrnt juA- 
tii!<.>d by ibv t.'vi;iit; I'or Ib« lic<?aH) itUowed 
ili« iiriAonem wm soon followed bv theeom- 
minccmoDt of tb» faraoini ' Wlgbucb clin,' 
which ()irid4«il tb« Koman ritthnlics iti I'ltJg- 
land into two bitlcrlj^ boKtile factions. At 
first thvir proGrtxiinpt cniiM<d BOnta alaniii 
the priflOnera formiK) tbemselTes into a sort 
of collect, held dUciiMioni and U>cture« 
whicb w*n> frcqiii'ntivl nnr. only by oiirnidft 
ItomanifKR. but by protostanta, Gome of 
whom wcro con vtfrtoil, nnd d'vtDplitiuTA wer« 
mndv that WUbt^cb had Ijecoui^ a dan^rous 
BBmiunry (Urn I. M.S. HitHS, f. 'J2U ; SiRTPE, 
Annatttiv. 27-tl. Hut divii<iouii soon Kpruiig 
Mil between the w^iiiiir priftut* and je*uil«. 
Tb« dcotli of Thomaa Wntsrtii (IfllfClSM) 
rc|. r.~ in ir>84 hml mninvpil tbit ta*t bUbnp 
in Rni;l&nd vrhose nutbnritT Itnnutn rath(ilic?a 
could nvot^iKu, nnd that of Cnnlinnl All<>n 
in i^)9i Ml thi-m no on.^titut^l authority 
to obey. Tbils an opporluuitv was aflordcd 
tbti jeciiits of niropntinfT '•* tht'nivlvi^ fhr 
snimiinl C4nln>l of iho Koinnn cnllinliis in 
cnjcland. At the muiiu tire* ih* Free IiTintf of 
tbeaecubmatWiitbtTh,rxtcn(iin^,tlicjoii(iil« 
decbm.*d, to btoki> imiuoi^hty, ahix-kvil tb« 

uils wilhAVeston lit their haul: white 
wctilar prirt^ts an.' iuid to bav>.> luukcd 

ilh no leM su-tpiriim ou Wi-alon'a dwvil- 
liiiniiii^nnil t'xnrci^mt. 

S<inn nftcr lii» nrriral Wvnlon look upon 
tumaelf lo art as cen«ar of biti fellow- 
pruK)n«r8. and bia intrii(ite« lo K^ciire n 
^ecofrtli|t^d poitilion of xiijirriorirv while a|)- 
Mariii^ to bi^ r8lu<7tMnt tu awump it are 
u«taiU-d by liis opponi'nt Chri*itopbpr Bnj;- 
■hnw [q. V.} in hi* 'Triiu tbiEati«>n of tlio 
Kiu^ioii bcp'im as Wiiibe<rh by Fa. Edmonds 
alias Woston' (lOOL). WwionV own nar- 
rative of thf?!ip tvenin has bcpn aigiiificanlly 
torn out of bin aulDbio^rapby pn>si.'rrL<a 

i»n^' tbr tnnnuMrriptK nt Stonvbiimt. Hii 
heme of pnvemment woa puspiictpd b« an 
■ttvmpt of thi.')p>>iiit>( to UHurp a suponority 
ever (be other Itomnn ritthi^lio, and bo 
Ailed TO fvcui'L* anything liko a uiianimoits 
conncnt lo it. lie tla-n TL'Solvcd tbat si-jia- 
mtiou from tbo scoulara was mxtmny to 
the jeBUil.t 1-5 prf»erve their own uoraU 
from i-onlii{^ion. Mntlen iwnm to havo been 
brou|{hl to a he&d by Hie introduclioii of fbu 
liobbjr-bor&e ud mtmim«n at iba Chrnt- 



tnas fM^iivitiea in ISi!^. Eighteen prlula 

iM,-riYlrd wilb WiHtlon, whom ihry chow nn 

tbi-ir ' atrt-ut,' and wrotu n lett«r to iHnwIt 

fislcinf; for hia confirmation, wbirb vntt 

granlf^d, Tb«i]iiarre) h^rann* fnmou'^ tbmiigb- 

out Ensland and abroad an ili» ' Wi*beoh 

stirt,' and to avoid th<? wandnl c/iiimhI 

th«r«bT Uami'tt evviitiially iuduo'd \^'<s«ton 

to n!ai|,rn bis 'ajjeacy.' Thereupon, in order 

to maintain tbu ioSuvneu of Ibu jeciiit«. 

Parsons supt^lrd (hn appointment n^ an-h- 

prieet of Georift' BlncKW*>U ^ii, v.J, who, 

I althoogb n m.Tiilar, wiu n ditvuti'fl of l1i<< 

I Sopiely of Ji-su*. Thii fupMient, howuTiT. 

I only widened the dispute into the 'Arch- 

I prirtt contntvcrsv' [*ec art. Wathos, Wit- 

! HAM, KVWMfflW. 

Meunuhile Wpslon waa trannferri'd fmm 

[ Winbwili t'l thcTownr of London towards 

Ibei-nd of II>1<H. lie nfniaiiird incloMcon- 

lincmenl nutil thu accL-sxinn of JaouM I, 

whi'n 111! una k'^'''" 'bt! option itf tttiiinfj^ the 

i oatli of allopanceor banishment. Ho clio»ii 

j lh» tattfir, ami pmbiirkiHl on 13 .May ItHW, 

' iwor^edinjr by way of f'aluiA lo St. Omcr, 

I and tbvDCe to Itomv. AI^mi* Kpondinj; »niiit! 

months at Vallsdolid in ItMU lui wttnt to 

Seville, where in ItKWhewiiamnde spiritual 

father of the t^n^lish CollCfie. Ii-cliiriwic »!«• 

on thi-olo^y, Uwbrcw. and Ureck. In Juaw 

llJt4 be wa.1 Hpiioiitled rector of thi* I'^niiliah 

colle^ at Vatladolid, wliatc bo di«U On 

1> Juno lUI-?. 

A portrait of We«lon hanga in tho «»1- 
lege at VnlUdoUd, and aiioihur in St. Au- 
drow's novitiatv at lioiif: the latter ia 
reprndu{?ed aa ■ fronlispieei< to l-'ather 
Marriss ' Tmnhlrs of our f'lilholtc Kon*- 
fntbcr*' |i.*nd r»<»r.) Wwton's hewl ia pre- 
•enred at tb« novitiate at itoehamplon. 

[Towanlfl th« and of hia lifo Wcnion vrote 
an nutol>iogniphy, a copy of which in a rirrj- dt- 

' ffctivaBtnti; i<- p r » w> r»l at Stonylmn^t ; m* much 

I of it iiH i* le^blit is priat«)l \>y Faili«r John Morrw* 
(1826-1893) in. v-|, in hiii olalinratA Lifo of 
Weston (TntuUta. 2i)d Mr. pp. l-3f)4): Monia 

I alMoird >■ l\ft> at Wcntiin wriitfn in 161 j by 
l-'^ithnr liu I'cTftlta, rector of iho Enitlifch CoUeatt 
at St'villv. Boidni t)M«v, thi.' niiwt ii*«riil 

. anthnritirn aro Mi*. T. G. Jjtw'a jMtiitn and 
Sw^iiLin, 1889. ArciifiriMiCninrDveray (CiioiJin 

I Soc 18f(!-8), i»A artivlu in Niti'^iui/iitli Oemurj', 

' vol. aaxv. Sro alito Fulcj s K*viinls of llio 
Kcgliah Pro»in«; Lotlora and Mi-m, of dur- 

' lilnal Allen, p. 378; D'jwvi Diiirie*. pp^ 5, 18, 
21, 103; Sinipson'4 Life of C4tnpi<^n. od. 1S»8. 
p. IIS; Acta of th« Privy Counril; Col. Slata 
pHpcis, Don).; Cal. Hatricld !kI.S-S. ; I>i<«o do 
Yepas's Historia Particnl.'ir da U ParMeficIon, 
Madrid. 1A9»: l)ride«wat«ra Concctiotio Ecel. 
1&04; llaniifttt's Uaolamtioaof I'opUi Inpoa* 
tsrca, 1603J Bagahair'* Tnu RalaUon, 1801. 



itnd Willinni Wataun's Uialogno, QnodlibeU. 
Imponuui Consiil«<iutiaaii. «n<l Spnriiig Diif 
c<iTeri«, all pttbliehod m 1601. niili Pwiotut's 
Brier AiKilc|;>eKTiil MoDirMUttion, 1602?! H\sL 
MSS.Coinni.8rd Rop, Xfp. pp. 33i,337i Tnuaton's 
£ngli«li BUck Monks oiBu Buedici, 180S.1 

WESTPHAL, Sm OKOKGE AUGUS- 
TUS (17f>ri-1876), mlmiml, sou of GcOrKO 
Wwtiiliiil, und younger brotliur uf AJminU 
Fhilip^^'estphaI {n. v.], wbh btirn nn :,Si July 
17^5. Hfl ont'.-r.jil iho nR\-y in 170^ on Loiml 
tbt!l'orcupiiiofrigAlo,on iW North Ann-rtcttn 
AlalioD. Ill- «ft iTvvtinls sf-rvptl on the homp 
«utiun and ia ibe Weei Indies, and in Mnrch 
I803joined the Amptiion, which carried Lnrd 
KcLwa out 10 ihi- JU-Jitt'rranean. OffToiiloii 
111) was moved into thti Vittorj-, and, cmitinu- 
inginhtT, vriL)>pR«L-ut iiilliu uatUeofTraf&I- 
gsr, where be wiw «vtjn;lv wounded. While 
lying ill ibe cockpit Nclaon's coul, hulily 
kavUi-d up, wu puL und'^r Iii» hnkd for a 
.pillow. SoniB of the bullions of ont- of the 
«pBulflttefi got entati|;lud wtlh lii# hair nnd 
wiut cvmeiitrd tij JL with dncil blood, so that 
tbtt coal Hnd Weetphol cuuld only hv sirpti- 
rated by cutting off loiin" four or fivt of the 
bullions, which WeAtplial long treasured us 
iu«m rials of tliK hero ( N icor.vr', .Vriroa Ite»- 
paUAM,yii. 249 «.) H« afterwards aurrod 
in the Ueonri, Unsituip of Lord Collinjfwoi«l, 
aii(lintli«CiilMloma,tla^kip of LordSl. Vin- 
cent, off Tlrt-st ; and uii 1>j .\ug. IHOQ wna 
mBdt> liL'uLi-tinnt into the Uv^merara stoop in 
lb(! Wwil Iiiilit>B. In 1807 ba had tu b<j iii- 
validvil, and wok rvtumin^; to Hnglund in a 
merchant tihip whon, aftor a gallant reeix- 
taucv, the nhip was captured by a Frviicb 
priTat«er and tain's to Ouailvloupe. W'lwt- 
phal. who had been severely wouad«>d, after- 
wards <<utccecl»l in cscapingfandwoapicltffd 
up at SUB by ua American Bcbooii«r, from 
-wuich b« got on board an English priratCLT 
and was carnHt] to Antigua, iiltimuU-ly re- 
lurning to Kiiglitrd in Lbr- Wmum fngalv. 
lit' was then appointed to thu Foiidroyaiil, 
fiom which Uo wiw ri'nuivi-d l« ihwNrplurie, 
and rn>m her to this IVlltv-inle in the Woat 
Indies, and served on filiorw al tbv reduction 
of MartiuiiJiie. Tho IV'lh-isli', nnd.r the 
coainiand of UQntmodore (yir)Gt>orife Cock- 
burn, tlR'n rt^t.urncd Ici England, and in .luly 
and Au^u»t woa umpluy<^ in the Scheldt, 
We:<tphal being in coiuinund of u diriiioa of 
the gun boats. 

HeaftwrwunLi fidl<iwi>d Ciekburu to the 
Indefatigable, and in tbe expedition to Qui- 
berun Iluy in March 1810 bad tlir nctuiil 
command of th^i Ixint. which landed the 
ageolE of tbe liing of Spain. Continuing in 
the Inddfatigable, ho took part in the de> 



fence of Cadis and in e$oortin^ the Spant 
ships to Havana. lie was again with Coc 
burn in the MarIbomtigb,both at Oiulit and 
alWrwonU in the Ubwpeoke, where, es 
several occasions hia gallant conduct called 
forth »lrung upurovul from Cockburo, and 
led ilirecily to liis beiug promoted to th« 
rank of commander on S July 1813, He 
dim wnn H]jpiiint<;d to the Anaconda 'loop, 
and contmaiidi'd her in the Oulf of Mesim 
and in the expedition against New OrU-aiiF, 
wlierr>h'- ViM landtilwilh the naralbrigadr, 
lu July I8L& the Anaconda was coadeouKil 
at Jamaica, and Wctfiphal returned to En^ 
laud UA a passenger in the Moselle, (hi 
I'J Aug. 1^*10 he was advnnct-d to po»t rank. 
In Mav 18221iawaeappoiutitltothe JupitfT, 
in which be carried out LonI Auibent tu 
India. On hia relum lie waa knighted tin 
7 April l3-2i, being, BatJ Sir Hubert Trei, 
then home aecrelary, recommended for lb* 
honour ' wore in cousideraLion of Lis gaUint 
and diatinguiabed wrnric)^ ngnintt tbe enent* 
than for bia having taken out the gDrcm^r- 
cenETal of India. In li^tj hi* joini-d tb» 
Vcmon art flag-cnptaln to Sir tieorgie Cock* 
burn on the North American atalion, Iwt 
wos compelled to invalid in the spring uf 
lt^!M. lie hud no furlb^T sert'ice, but wu 
advanced in regular gradation to be ntt- 
admiral on 17 Aug. 1851, vivo-odmiral m 
10 .Sept. 18r>7, and ndmiral on ^3 March 
Ifkht. For nearly forty years be lived ia 
the name bouse, 'J Uninswick Square, llim, 
Brighton, and there he dii>d on 1 1 Jan. iJ-T-'i 
He was a magistrate of Itrigbton andUovo, 
but Seldom sat. He married, in 1817, 
.Alicia, widow of William Chambers. 

[O'Byrne's Nav. BiOgr. Did. ; Times.llJu. 
187fi- A ccrtiflcate of bapfam atta>*bnl tn hii 
piusing eertiflaite(l Jan. IttUG) Riroa tbe dils 
of hiobinh a« 26 July \7M. irBjrw.whm 
the TioisB copies, givea it 2? March 1784.1 

J. K 

WESTPHAI^ IMIIUP (1783-! 
admiral, \h^tu in 17^if, was the elder aoa 
()i>i)rge Wirdplial, of a noble HaDDin-Rts 
family, whose uncle wa.t tutor to the Ihifa 
of Kent. ISir Oeorgo .Augustus WeRpW 
[q, 7.] wa.1 his younger brother. He m- 
tered the navy in 179 1 on board tbe Oisim 
on t he Nnrlh American station. InlTWhs 
was successively in the Albatross and lb» 
Shannon on the home station, and tpn 
1797 to 1800 iu the Aiiia on tbe coast J 
North America. In iMUl he was in th» 
Blanche, one of the frigates with Ncbnast 
Ci>p«iihagi-ii on '2 April. For his sban is 
this action Westpbal wan promoted on S .Kvi 
to be lieutenant nf the Defiance. In )I(T 



ISOi he wftd a[ipoint«d to tbe Amatoa [m 



edm 

i 




Westphaling 381 



Westwood 



PiHKEit, Htr ^S'■^:.LIAJf, 1781-1868] witli 
Nplfton off" Timloa, and in Uis cruwu to th« 
Wiestlnditoiiii tlipapritigof lBO.'),ttrji! it) IHlJfl 
witli Sir John Rorlase Warren [ij. v.], wlii'ti 
tlio Frencli frigTitB Bolki I'oiilo Ktntck bc- 
tuallyto tho Ainu<->n. The first lieiiteaant 
of Cho AmiLXOii lukvins been killed in th« 
ndion, Warren gnvc We«(phftl nn artinr 
order B» tfapiaia of tin; IMle I'oule, which 
>i[' rpfilted and Took to EngUni]. The nd- 
inirolty, bowevvr. rvfiwcJ tu conlirm lli« 
acting' (irdiT, nnd WtstpUnl fonlinued lii'U- 
lenanr nf rhn Amazon liU elie wus pikid off 
ID 1S12. Hi; wm tlicn Kpiwiinli-d ro the 
Junon, n .'ii*-giin frigate, in which he saw 
much &liaq> service on thv const of NurlJi 
Amt'ricji. In .laminry Ifilfi !ni was moted 
by Sir (i«i>rpo Oockbnrn (177^-5863) [q. v.] 
inio hia tlaj^'fliip, and on I-l Jiiiu' waa Jit lant 
pnimotcd to be commander. In XovembpE 
IHiJH Iw wftH niijwjiuted to tbcWurepitc, npnin 
with I'urkiir: Iml ii» I'urliur was vory ijiurtly 
ttlVrimrdi' H(i]ioitit»^d to thu royal yncht, 
WVMjihal waa moved to tbo Kiiiit, frjoi 
which, on 22 Jidv IBSW, hn waw ndvaiK'i'd lo 
poM rank. In 1817 he was n'tire{] on a 
Qreeawich Iluii[>itnl pcitHiun, rifiiiK >n 'bi" 
coiirec, on llii-! rotireJ lisl. t a lit> n^er'adniiral 
on 27 Sept. lt*55, vict-admiral on 4 Ud. 
IHfW, and aJminil on 2 April 1b6H. lie 
difld at Hvilu on 1<S -March 1*80. 

[OTtyrnc'sNaT. Biogr, Diet.; Timw. 19 Mawh 
1880.] J. K, L. 

WESTPHALINO. IlEKDEUT (\r,^2 i 
\n02i, liisiiop of Jlereford. [See ^VJ»I. 

VAS.ISO.] 

WESTWOOD.J0nNOBADIAII(I80&- 
181)11), entomologtet and palic<ojinikpher, the 
Bou of Johu Wt?*twoud (17(4 1S50), 
iUf!dftlli«I. and di>^-*inker, anJ hia wife Maiy, 
daughter nf Kdwani Iii;tt« of HhuUlvld, wju 
born ill that town on '22 IVi^. lK)r>. Ilnwna 
cdnnat^d at a Friends' Hchool in Shetlield, and 
at a «cho(il nt Lichfield, whttbtsr thu fumity 
had niaiovod. 

In the autumn of IS2) be was articled to 
a soliciior in London, and, after hciiijf nd- 
mitt<«J, wiia for a short time a partner in the 
firm, but never rtally practised. Ilavtnff 
small privatv [ni!an», Uu dovot<'d hiniMlf to 
(tnl.omolo^ry and antiquarian piirsuita, auj[- 
raenting Iiih incrutnu uy liia writings and 
drawingjc, and \i*s ht^Kiuf. onoof th<^ (freatoiit 
liritiff authoriripifl on Ang-lo-Sason and 
niBdueval mannccript*. Ilia drawing of 
insects were ma.'*t<jrpiccea of rorrect df-iin'^a- 
tioD, and ho excelled in leprgdticin^ old 
nuiDUJcrLpt^, ilhiuinatinnfl and renrctienta- 
tioii» of old ivoricji and tnftcribed etonei, 
sparing no pains to ntsJie Lia work complete, 



^^ ^^i^ "- m^- 



and even moJciiig long journvyH to verify 
Komu point of iiitereat. 

lie <-ft-inhTiili'd (irtiv('iy in founding the 
Entoinologica] Sociptv in 1M3, and the fol- 
lowinif y«ar Iwcania ila secretary. He wa« 
Bubhequenily ila pre^idt'nt for more tbaonne 
t«rm, and in IHfSi) was elected honorary lifo 
prt-^ident in ncknowU'dgmcnt of bis many 
fiervices lo the sociely. I-'reilvrick William 
Hope [q.V.], the first president of tbt? Kn- 
touiolcigical Siucivty, kR-camw Wesiwood'H 
warm pntriin, and when in IWiS Hope pr»- 
f'.-ut(.-d liiit ti<}lkt;tiuu (inciudinf; Wi^stwood'^ 
whiiili be had [irpviomily nHpiited) lo Ox- 
ford University, and I'ndowi-d a chair of 
inv«trl«brn!»t xuology, be nominatod \V«i?l- 
wond lo the post. (.>n bis appointinenl aa 
first Hope profi'Mor in IWil, \Vo!<(wood rs- 
moved from HaminiTAmitb to (txfonL He 
was made an >I.,\. by decn.'C on / Feb. 18fll, 
and joined Magdab'n Cotlej^e, of which he 
bucnmea fellow in 1&S0. In common with 
luany otbera of his day, he v/nn unable lo ac- 
cept thu doctrinu'of evolution, Ibongb ho lived 
to KL-e it tau;rht in Uii- university. lli> had 
been elMted Q fellow of the Linncan Society 
on 1 May 1*^-7, nndwns on the honorary list 
of nearly every fntoraoloffical sociely of hU 

Seriod; In* was also on the sinlfof thu 'fiar- 
eoers' Chmnicto ' for nearly half a century 
as entomglogioiil riiferotf. IIi» work on the 
claMification of insects (faiiwdliim theRnval 
Society's medal in 18.t5; but he declined, 
thoupb frenuently ur(f«d. to become a candi- 
date for fL-llowslup to that society. 

]!« died at Oxford on aj«n.'ls»3. In 
Isaithe niarrird Eliia Hichardson (rf, 1882), 
who accuiDpauiL-d him oti nil his archieo- 
Ittgical tours, and who assisted in maliinf; 
Eketcbes and rubbings of rho inscribud ston^;* 
for hiti ■ l.upitbinum Wallio;.' 

A lUhographed iiortrait of Weatwood in 
the Ipswich series by J. U. Majpiiro ia pr&- 
eervwl in the Linncan Soci^-tv's libran-. 

Itesides some Ihri-o hundred and Sfly 
or four hundred papi'm, chiefly un en- 
tomological and arcbnological snbjiwtB, 
contributed from IS27 onwards to va- 
rious iouruale, Westwood WB« author of: 
I. 'The Kntomolopiea Textbook,' Lon- 
don, 1838. 8vo. 2. ' An Intro«luctioa to tho 
Modem ChiMification of Insect*,' Ijondon, 
IfiSiMO, 2 vols. Bvo. 3. • HrilUb Dutti-rtliM 
and their Transformations' (with plaiea by 
K. X. l[umnbr*-y»l, London, l*i-{I,-ltn; new 
ed. rit*57-]lMy. 4. 'Anrnna Entomnlo- 
gica,^ I^ondon f]84l-j]H46, i' vols. 8vo. 
!i. ■Uriii.th MyihH and their Tninsfonna- 
tions'Crith jpUtM by II. N. Humphrev*), 
London, 1843-45, 2 vols. 4to ; u«w eds" in 
1861 and 1867-8. 6. ' Palieographia Sacra 



Westv\ood 




rictori*,' Londoa, »843-.'i, 4lo. 7. * IHn- 
miBKlPd niiuimUon* of 'hi- Bible,' I^ndoD, 
iSHI,4io. R.Willi E«lwiiriJ !h-jul.lcd«yrq.v.], 
*Tb*-U4>nem(>fI>iuniiill<v|iiil-.<j>tvrA.'Loii<iuu, 
UM6-W. a vt>l«. <o\. U. •Tbi- Cabinrt of 
UrieDt4kl Kniomolojrv,' l^nduu [l**!*- Ji*!**, 
4lo. 10. ' I'll thij fii-ti(n-iiv«' OliiirtctKr of 
th» . . . OmnmoDtAliort ttmiiU^ved br tlio 
ORflj- Brilub, An(Elo-S«o». «tnl Iri«b .Ar- 
l'M»,' l»udon, [KM, hrrt. U. -Thft Hutt«r- 
fliM of (ircst Dritain,' I»ndi:in, 1H.V>, 4to. 
1*^. 'CKtnbtim^ of OrtlioptfMrotu Initcctit in 
ih« . . . Brilieli MuKum. 11. 1. PlinnaiduB,' 
Lomkin.l !*''!>. -llo- I'-i- WitbClmrlca S[>cii<» 
TUto, ' .A Iliiston* n[thi> British SeHU»«yed 
Cnistacfo.' l>7n'd<m, lfv«!3-8, 2 vbU. 8?0. 
14. 'Wood Cnrvintra — R*pnrl of I ho Com - 
RiiMioDi^n uppciiiilexl to inimirp into tlw 
cfttue* of Uccny ill Wnml I'ltn'ingfi.' \Mn- 
don. X^itM, 8vo, l.**.- ' Fwftimilcs of tbw 
Miiiiuluim itiid Unmm>-nl^ of .AiiKli>--'^axon 
uiid THbIi >lMiuemi>l»,' l^-aad-Jii, It?<W, fol. 
10. 'Tin. i:irwchll'mll<?r,' London. lJS74,fo!. 
17. *Th(Muiurnji KniotDoloicicua Ox<>ntiiii»ts,' 
Oxford, lt<~4, 4io. 18. 'The Bible of ihe 
Uonut4-rr of St. I'auI, UMir Itomu,' Oxford 
and London, l(*TO, 4:o. 10. 'CntuIotfUB of 
tliv Ftctilv Ivorit-K in lh«> South Kptisin^rton 
Uum.'uiu,' LAindoa, ISlti, tfvo. 20. ' Lniii- 
dariuni Walliie: the <Mtrly InMribed Mid 
ttrnlptiiivd Stonu* of Wklea' (CunUrid^ 
Anrbvoloffical Astocuiion), Loodon, 4to, 
I8TH-9. 21. *Thfi Book of K«IL»: ft Ue- 
uiKt,' Dublin. 1^47, 4to. ^I. • Iteviaio In- 
•MKitorum fiLniitiac 3U»lidariim,' London, 
1 880. fol. 

] Ib furl h«r conl ributiMl entomological 
not«e to lloyle'ii'Illualrati(iti.« of the . . . 
Nftltml Ilirtorv of thx IlimBlnvikii .Muun- 
lJiins'(Tnl. i. IHSO): Krdlftr> 'trealisfl on 
Insects iniurioua to Onrdencrs' <]tMO); 
IlnjM-a 'Ca!«lr.jj«i* r,{ ntmijiltrn,* pt. u. 
(If-llM: Brwlitja 'lliston.- of the Vowl 
InMTlj. ' { I Sifi) ; A)tvs and Moore's ' Florist's 
(Vnid''' (1850); and Uftte«'« ' MaUbi-lu 
Lfinil' (IS^Sl). II« alio edited and l^onttt- 
bnlfd iinlft« to II new wlillon of Dmrr's 
' IlluatratioUB of Kxolic Knlmuolojiy,' 1837, 
3 vols. ; HaiTJn'it 'Aurelian,' IH40; articu- 
lated atiimnlR iu an Knelish edition of 
Cuvior'n ' Animal Kiiifrdom,' IHIO : and con- 
rribtitcd fiirtlj<rr to iheL-dilionof lt<4U,whJch 
viiiii fr*4juently reiMiut^l ; Itonornn's ' Natural 
History of the [n0>i:t» of China,' and 'Na- 
tural llintorv «r the lo««cta of India.' 1(*42; 
Wood's * tndi'.x Entomologictu,' 1834; and 
Richanlson's 'Th» Hivo and the Honey U«se' 

T\iv name ' Wpftwoodia ' wn« bcsrowed in 
hi* honour by UnillA in Hlti on a fr>-nui« of 
HvtHrHoptera, and his name v-ox similarly 



employed by Snenre Bate in !>■' >. 

tdcva, and nv kauEs in ISOO and uiL-iviii«a 

in 1h73 for toloo)>tem; p>-i*i>iWt. too. Ilobi- 
, iieau-I>4»voidy hail n liku iQt'--nUon when ia 
, li*iKi h(> oaiuiMJ a geniu of Diptem ' VV'ot- 
, wydiu,' 

' j Kniom. Mnathly Nae. xx\x. 4d ; ZooIofiM; 
, Itrd scr xiii. Dil; Anrhas>l. Cambr. Ail* mt. x. 

I7U: Xalurnl 8ciBi»x, ji. lot ; infonaatJaa 
. kindly ^arnitliMl liy hia iii«v«. SlUa Svbihi; 

Urit. Mas. C*t.; X>l. Ri.L >fiw. C^t.^ Cat. 

Art. Lil)r. Sonih ivrftMugioo-l B. B. VT. 

WKTENHALL.i:U\VAIiI»(l(aft iriS), 
1naliij[i ut' Kilmiirn nitd .AfiU);!), wBA born at 
LicbUcId on 7 Oct. lUllV Kilm-atrd at Wett- 
minnU-r Hcbo'4 iiniicr llicluirvi Ittisbv q, v.\ 
hn woft admitted kilty's ibcholtir rn l0ol,aiul 
treut to Trinity CoIlej;t), (.'auibriiJ|;ts a* « 
fnnndarion soholnr. A^er Kracluatmir B.A. 
Iti-Vt til), be luigratvd (I'itfO) to LiiNyiU 
Collegt!, Oxford, ijf vltteb hn tir^aaie chap- 
lain, wiut iocoqiunli'vd B.A. IK .Tuntr, aimI 
Kraduated M..\. 10 Jidy liltil. Jle lield tha 
; piTui^(iiuU'umt:yofComlH?I^Q(r.O\fur(lKbire. 
aiiif thu vi{-araf{« nf St. .Stwfdieu'f, n<«ar :>t. 
Alluins, HiTlfordiihire; on II Jtiue I(kI7ba 
wii« collate to a prvbend at KxcUir, linldin;; 
with it the nxAfXcnhip of the blu^ixiat 
Bohool. Mv ^duated u.l>. at Oxford 'X 
May l&il&. and ivn« inforpomted B.D. at 
Cainbrid^ IGTO, MichavlBuyU' tht; v»iinz^r 
rci.T.], then arolibisbop of liiiblin, \)r> u?/ 
Lim orer to Dublin in 1671*, a» mavr-r ! 
the blue-cool Khool. lleia-as made Ii.li. ■>. 
Trinity Collie, became cnrat* of St. \V.r- 
burghs, and aftcrwajila cbantor of Ci.;i,>t 
{^urch. On Ihe dv'uih (i'2 Ikvc. I)]7?» uf 
Edward Syngo [see undur SvKiiE, Edwiud^ 
bishop of Cork, C'[<iyno, and lCo«». Um wn 
were aeparated, iind Wotcnhall wa« made 
(14 Feb. L67fi) bi^hxti uf Cork luid Iton, 
being consecrated 2:1 March ltI79 in 
Church,' Dublin. 1 lis e]>it>copatt> iras cxt 
pluy. At his own coist hn rtutored 
opitoopal nuideiicv ai Cork. Aa one of ' 
ae\'en iNsbopa who remained in Ireland d 
ing tho lrvubli» which Iw^aa in 168S, he 'was 
cxpnwd to inuch ill-UM^ at the bands I 
partisans uf JomeelL lie was probel 
author of an anonymous tract • Tho ~ 
lhf> Iriidi I^ceatants in rvlalion to . 
All<.>R-isnce to . . . King WiUiam and Que 
Mary," UWI.lto (g70cl. KttWl. IU Fijnw 
ihubpiKopul letter of thanks (^Nov. l(Ee>l 
Thomas I'innin [t\. v.j for hi« excrti ~~' 
n-livf of thi* diatrdfa«d prutfatojita ofl 
Unly one Irish prelate, Williaoi ^>beri^ 
]7lit| of Kilmora and Ardn);^h, -was da 
(1091) OH a nonjurur. Weteuhall, «l„ 
tranelated to Kumore and Ardach i» IHJ 
1099, would not accept the prvhnnrnt ' 



Li 



Wetenhall 



sh 



AVetlierall 



oat radfATOuringlo procure tbe rcAtontion of 
SlivliJao, to wlioee eiipport be canlribiitecl. 
lie restored the «]N»copiil re^idcnn- at Kit* 
moro and rabuilt ibu catliedral ai Aixlut;li 
(»incL' ileuolblied]. Ul> recoverwl lands bt- 
inn^ing to the e««, alli-iiatvd bv W illium 
Smitb f/. lOUH), liiit predecessor. To rtiisc 
nioiiHj' lie !N>ld a wood bvlnnffiu); to Lis (w, 
vul'it^ l>v Wiilinni ICiiifj, D.D. [i|. v.j, orch- 
l)i«)ii<[> I'V Iiiiblin. nt I'OfiJOO/., >ir HtiodiDg 
iii>w ' 0~ Jonc l~-l ^ 

In T\-f^nl Ifl coneinsioas to diRBt-nti-rn, 
wliicb bo advucoU'd m early a* I't'^'i, bi' ■ 
was urepamil to f;o furt)ii-r lliAU th*> V-ng- , 
iUb foLratioQ Act. lie iutcrvetiLsl &i> a i 
ptmcemaker iu tlie controTerayon the Aac- 
trine of lliuTriu)iynii«^^d by tliti imlilifrAliuiit 
of Willinm Sln-rU)ck, i).D. j. v.J, and Jobo 
Wallifs ( lbHl-n(W) [.1- v.] In ' An Earnwt 
and (.'oinp<uuii)nnlv tiuil for KorWuruiK'M 
... by a Melanrhfilr Siandur-by,' ItUH, 
4tO| be ooiDDiend» Ilooxer's 'i.'t]i]icAli«n of 
tliia lantvry,' and arj^uc^ that further iliM-uii- 
eion i» futile oud daiuaKiug. He followed it 
up witli 'Tin.- Antnpologytif llm Mi-limr'huly 
StundiT-by,' lUWJ, Ito. Against Williaiii 
IVnn [(|.v.l, tbi> (junker, be wrute a ccjiiplv 
of pampUuteitd^ 9). Ho wuHrutent (but , 
nut on I bo beu(-)i)al tht? trial (14 Jtttti- 17Ut) 
in Dublin of Tbuoiiis Einlyn [([.v.] tbp uiu- 
lariaOi and MubMiiticiitU* piiid friendly viftit* ' 
to liim in priwin. In ITIO bit dn^w up a 
verv imfKirtant mtimoml to Ormonde, tbo , 
lord 1ii?utennnt,oripn){tlio ne«d of providing 
' hniA* of reii^oQ in tbu Irish laofftuim, in ^ 
(icvurdnnce witb tLa ideas of Jobn Iticluinl- / 
ROD, Ji.D. (ItjiU 1717j [q.v.], a clergyraao 
in lit* dioceae. 

His later yean wore spent in London, 
wbt-n.' he diJd on liJ Nov. 1713; ho rttui 
buried on 18 Nov. in the soutb transept of 
\Vt>HtimiietL'r Abln'/i wbvre is no inscribed 
^ave»lon« to liia lurmory. In bid will be 
affims the eburdi uf Kueland and IrvlAnd 
to W 'tliM pun**t cbiirvli in tlie vrorld," 
rbnugh ' iliere are divtrn poi&ta which mipkt ! 
be itllTed for the better' in ' articlm, liturgy, 
nnd di»cipline, but t'specially in xiui on- 
dtlioQB of cleric-al roniniuniou.' II in portrait 
by Vandervaart has birn eii(ri»ve']. His 
mime i» aUo »pullfd Wetlonlutll. Wliett^n- , 
hill, Whilnall, Wilbnoll, and Wythnall. 
Itn murriud twin,'; bi^ si-cond wifu was | 
l'JjiU|i]iii(bnried Irt Aiiril 1717),!>ixlli dnuffli- j 
ter ol Sir William iJ'Oyly. bart., of Shot- 
tistiaui, Kent. His idd'.-st Ki>n br hi« brft i 
wirp was Edward Wt-tenhall, M^D. yd. iMt 
Aiiff. 1733.a({ed70). 

Hi^TiidM ilw ftbovfi and single wnnom*, 
H elmrge (1091) and tracts, including the 
fuut-'mL Mrmoa for Jamea Iloandl [q. t.j, he 



rublislifd : 1. ' A Uetliod ... for PriTftt« 
IpTolton; 16U6, lliino. 2. 'Tbo Wtsb: 

bh-iiijT the Teotb Satyr of Juvenal , , . 
iu Pindarick Vvne,' 'Dublin, l(l7't, 4to. 
3. 'The Catechism of the Churc-h of Eng- 
land, wirh Marginal Notea,' U^S, S\o, 
i. *Uf Gills and UtficeA ill ., . Wnrf^liip; iJub^ 
lin, lUTO y,8vo. 5. 'The Protectant Peace- 
maker,' 1UU2, 4to (Hoswvrcd by Kichord 
Bajtler [q.v.] in 'Hisrory of Councils,' IG&i, 
4to). 0. 'A Judgment of the Comet . . . 
DC Dublin, Dec. 13, ltt8u; 1*5*^2, 8ra. 
7. ' Hexa|>la Jacobiea; ■ S|>eeini»>n of 
Ix^TBlty to . . . James II, in Six Pieces,' 
Dublin, 1686, 8vo (Mrmone}. H. 'A Plain 
Di»coiir»cprovinu[ the . . . Aulliority of Iha 
. . . Scriiilurc8, ICsa, Svo (with new title, 
]089). ». 'A I,«ltLT . . . ociaaioncd hv 
ibe Surrender of Mons,' Jfifll, 4lo (nnon.) 
10. * A Mrtbod . . . tobe . . , pri'tiarrd for 
Dt-ntb,' leJH, ll'mo. n. -The T.-»lininny 
(.f tbv Ri»hop of Cork as to a I'ajw^r in- 
tituled (^JomM-l Trmhs ... by the People 
called Quaieiu,' Cork, llftW, S\o. 12, 'A 
bri«f . . . I{.'ply to .Mr. IVnn'a . . . De- 
fence,' Cork, ItwS, Svo. 1 3. • Due FrcquencT 
of the Lord's Supiiw,' 1703, limo. 14. 'A 
View of our Lord's l^nasion, with Medita- 
tions,' iriU, tivo. His revision of thu Eton 
Latin Onmmsr was reprinti-d i8.Jtt, 12mii, 
Hi« 'tir«-ciw rjnLin mat ices Imtitulin,' 4tli 
edit. 1713, Hvi), wkh tranststed nnd ruTipet' 
by U. K. Wright (L'nd wl. l«l*0, VJino), ant. 
pditi?*! M'firnTni r>mmmaticet JtudimcTiia,' 
by G. B. WlieeltT, ISA;i. 12mo. In l(f92 be 
vdited svmions by Etekicl Hopkins, D.U. 
[q.V.] 

[Wood's Alhsriw Oson. «d. Blias. iv. SM;» 
Wood's Fasti, <^1. Kli^, ii. 2'lfl. 260, 'MS ; WarWw 
Works. I'd. Ilarris, 1739 i. 143, fi70. I7<4 iL 
3^8; Life of Firain. 1098. p. 64; Rmlyn'sL 
Work*. 17*6. i. 29; Gmagdts BiogrBphtcal 
llisL of Kuglnud. 1778. lii. Wfl; M>ut'a Hifit. 
of the Church of IrcliiiiJ, 1840, i. 6UII. ii, 25. 
US. no. S&a; Smith's Ribliathen Anii(junk» 
riana. 1873. p. 41!); Clumtrrv It«>iris(m of 
Wnatmi ii»l«r AW-ey. 1878, pp. 278. aSlt, MU; 
Fi>«tcr'8 Alumni Oxon. lAOD-i;il,J A. 0. 

WETHAM. Itf.UJEIlT (d. I'.-W), pi 
denl of l^Kiay Cfillep', [St^ Wiiinji,] 

WETHERALLf ftn EKEDEIIICK 
ACGUSTL'S (I7W-184i), (f*^n.-nil, Ura in 
1754, was the twin of Jnbn Wetbcmll, nnd 
belong! to a family wbifli mipraiwi from 
U'erhrnill Priory, ofar Ciirli»l(>, Iu Ireland 
in the rei|^ nf Witliitm III. Ilu obtainol: 
a i-ommissioo as ensign in iha I7th foofl 
on 'Si \\ig. 1 77'^, embarked for Bofltoa in 
September, and bt-camu lieutenant on 
27 Aug. 1770. During the American war 



Wetheral 



3«4 



^ethei 




he sArYcd wilH bU i¥gim<>[it in the dd^ce 
ufBuetun, itnil nt tlie actions of BroolclTn, 
W)utepUin«, IVinMton, Bnndrwinc, Mon- 
moutli. UQd oihera. In 1780 he wu in 
C(>iiiiiiau<) of ft company N>rvia^ u marinu 
on tJiu Alfr.-d, and itliiirud ia Rodoey'* 
victorv ofTCape Si. Vincent. Ou 17 May 
1781 be wu nude captBJii of an iodcpvn- 
dent comiHiny wbiclt he had raised, and 
which iraa embodied in tbs l<Htk foot on 
2 March 1783. 

Ha i^xchuvged to the lltb foot on 
16 April ]783t wrred si« years with that 
regiment at OibrnlUir, und afcomiMnied tlie 
1>ukQ of Kent lo Canada iu L7W. Ho waa 
aide^e-cHinii to the dnlre 'during the oper*- 
tiotui undi-r Sir Charles (iruy in tlio Wect 
Indian, and titi n-ca^ired two wouuiU at the 
taking of Marllniqna in Marcb 1794. Ho 
had bt!>(;omn mnjor in the lllh on 1 March, 
and in Augrust, when thu Duke of Kent 
took command uf lliu troo]M at Halifax, 
Nova Scolia, he waa appoint^^ deputy 
a4jut*ilt-gei]9rat thure. On 20 Mav l7!>6 
he obtained the lieutCDont-colonefcy of 
KcpperaKgiment, newly roiMd for nervice 
in tn« Weat Indica. ll« aerrod with it in 
San Domingo, and whilu on bis way tv Bar- 
biuiii* with dntpatchN be was wounded 
and taken iiriaonLT. Hu vae ki-pt in ironJi 
at Ouadi.'lo<t|n; for man itiLintJiH beTum lin 
waa I'trlinnp-d, and Bufftred such priva- 
tions thiit some men of the 33nd, who wt-ro 
also priMtncrn, miiu-d a »ub*cnption for him. 
On :i .\ug. 17M he waa transfenvti to the 
lieiitenant-coloiielcy of thp Kl'nd n*Rim*nt, 
which wan ihen in San Domineo. 

When tbu Duke of Kent oecame com- 
mander-in-chief in North America in 1790, 
WDthunill a^in served on his Maff ok 
adjulant-genoral, but the duko rcsi^f^d 
ntxt year. Ou 29 April 1802 Wi-lhorall 
wiiH Hindi! broTet colonel, and in 180;i he 
raised a regimunt of Nora Scotia funciUcit, 
and woa niadu c<>l(>n<*l of it on t) July. In 
litj 1606 he waa appointed brigadier in (lie 
Caribve Islands, and in October at llio 
Cape of (jood Hope. On 25 Oct. IftOfi he 
waa promoted major^eneral, and placed on 
tho fltair in India. On hia war thn«, in the 
East India Oompony's ship Wyndham, he 
wai taken prittooer early in 1810 alter a 
Mveru action in the Mozambique Cfaaiincl, 
and waa carried to He de France (Mauri- 
ttua). Ho waa vxchongtsd aftortwo months' 
captivitv, and w»nt on to Calc-utta. 

In Sovember 1810 he was appninlod 
second in commend, under 8ir Samuel 
Aiichmiity [q. t.], in the expwiition to Jara. 
He waa thanked in general orders for his 
Bharc in the baltl« of Cornelia, on 'Jii Aug. 



1611, anA received the thanks of 
and the gold medal for thccunqunoiaf Jl 
lie afterwards retumM lo limio, and h*M 
oommaud in Uyaoru till June 1^15. Be 
had tx-camit lieulrnant-grnrml on 4 Jnn* 
1814. lie was eauerrv._ and afterwanl* 
rxocutoT, to the DuK«> of Kt^nt, and rvceireJ 
tlwjRand CTOaa of tbf^ Hanoverian order u 
1833. He wa« promoted ^iienU on 10 Job. 
18S7, and was girirn the colonelcy of tba 
OSiid foot, from which h^> waa traufemd 
lo his old regiment, the 17tii, on 17 Fek 
1&40. 

He died at Caatlebill. Kaling, on 18 i 
1843, agedSd. He moniod, first, EUi 
daughter of Qea>g« My tton, by whom he I 
A Aon, (Sir) G«orffe Au(rn.it.u9 Wctfal 
[a. r.J; and, eecondly, in 1 SIT, tho wide 
Major Ilroad, and dauglitor of W. 
Kensington. 

[Iloyal Military Calendar, ii. 3^0; G«at. 
1R43, i. 9IS; C«nn>>a'a KwwnU of tbf> ll 
Itefiitnatit; Botk«'» LhikIM Gentry, I8SI. 
21SI: Koala'a Uf? of che Duke of Kcut ; Pwrt'* 
Con<itiratof JaTo-j E. U. L 

WETHERALL, S ir GEORGE A UR l"^ 
XL'S (17Biit-H*«W). general, bom in KS. 
wos tilt.' aon of OentTal 8ir l*'n«(l«rick Aof u*- 
luH Wi'therall [tj. v.] He wa4 ediirai>dil 
the Ilvdc Abtwy school, Wiochestn^, *»i 
iho MilitoryC-ollep', KftnJiam.lrt'int'liV / 
commiwionod u hvulooaut tn the 7- j - 
fosiiliers) on 29 July 1795. In 1 , 
WAB placed ou half-pay, but on 9 Jii I 
hf jmiii>4] the regiment of Norn Soot— ; - 
ribh's formed by bis father. Hitherto kn* 
name had b««n abown ia the army lilt ai 
*F. AuffuatUB,' but (he seniority fpwn to 
him marks hia identity. Il« bvcamo eo- 
tain on 13 May 1805, and exchanged to tM 
l»l (royala) on 27 Nov. 1800. 

He was brigadc-majoT under his bllar 
at the Cape of Uood Hope ia 1800^ n* 
tokv-n prisont^r with him on posiuue to l»lit 
in 1810, and evrvod as his ud«^ae-«anip b 
thD cooquCMt of Java in 1611. H* wu 
made brevet major on 12 Anr. 1819, oad 
regimental maj^ron W Dec. fie was taili* 
larr eocretary to ihe commaDdi>r-4n-cbirf 
at Sladma from 18^2 to Dj^-j, and iattj 
judge-ad vocat<-geneia] iu lt<'X. On U I'm. 
1834 ho was msMa brevet lieutcnant-oolon^ 
and on 7 Aiur. 1828 lieutenont-ooloBBl n 
the royals. He oonunanded the neeoai 
bnttulion of it at Itaiiffiilorr', in (be Msdn* 
pr{>fiid<<ncy, brought it home in ls3l, uJ 
went with it to Canada in IH'M, He*** 
in command of the tn>ops at iloowsl 
when the insurrection bruku out in (^ 
autumn of 1837, On 2& Nov., at the Iiisi 




of four compnoies of* tlie roynln, k detAch- 
mcnt of the t!6tL, and n troop of Montrunl 
cuvaln-, vvit-h two six-poiuulen, li« stormed 
a. siackaAe Iield b; tLe inaiiT]^iits at St. 
Cliark-ii. llu horso wu stiot uud hv lost 
t wi-iitj-om- men. (]n IS DfO., at ibo head 
of a briKndo coniiistin^ of iIib toyzh and 
»nmii coli.iniHl lrini[>i<, nt; liHik part in tJie 
ac^tinci of St. Euatache under Sir Jolin Cnl- 
bomo. afterwards I.ord 8«aC')n fii.v.](/,onfion 
Gazrttf. 2fi Jan. \r*A^). He bad received 
ilie lUnoTcrian order (K.II.) in WXi. il« 
was made C.B, on 13 Jtinc 1&38, brcv«l 
<.iv]uii>el on '.'H Juiii^, and aide-do-camp to 
tbe i|U«eti on 1^* Jutv lts4^. 

Hi^ liift l\w royiJa on 14 July 1943, 
luRiiitf ii]i|Hjiiile(i deputy adjutnut-g«iiBral in 
North America, whencu lie {)a<i»ed on 8 April 
18G0 li> a viiniliir pust iil 1iHadi|uart<ara. 
Hft was prninn(«d raajor-ftenprnl on 1 1 Nov. 
18S1, uid wus appomti_'d Bdjiiifitil-ffi<nem1 
cm \ Dpp. 1^/14. lie held tbi* office for flix 
years, and has be^n described as ' an officer 
of tlio Lord ]lilJ type," well iicntiftirit*d 
with Ilia duiiv.1, and ^luial in tlie duchar);e 
oftbcm (STWUt'KLEB, I'erionai Jlufvry of 
the HuriK Ouardi-.^f. 2o\). Froiu 18<I0 to 
1865 bf liiid command tii the nortliera 
difilrii:!, anil on *1 Auj;. IHUt Im was np- 
poiiiti'd gdvuriioror SiLtidbiirxt t'i)ll'.*fi;i'. \\v 
had b«en given tbe cnlonalfy of the Mth 
foot on lo .June ld&4, nnd had buo'inv 
lii'ijtfiiiiul-)^>nt-ral on 8 Bept. lHi)7, and 
ffeneral on '2M Oct. 1863. He wan madu 
K.C.B. on .'j Feb. 1856, and receiv«d the 
grand cross on 2S Afarch 186fi. 

He died at Saadhurat on « April 1868, 
ngcd «fl. In 1812 ho married Fruncr-s 
daughter gf Oaptuiii Deotuu, K.I.C.^^., and 
left one bod. 

]ii« ran, 8iB EswAitu Kobkbt WnriiE- 
RALL trf. lH6y), tuaj<>r-gi-n'.>nil, nitered tbe 
army on 37 Sunt: \^AA, a.i udai^ in liis 
fiillirr'* ri!gim.tnt. lbs lei (niyal:"). tli* 
becaniu lieutenant on 2"_' .\n(r. IM". and 
s^Tiird in thii Csnadian rebellion, lie di»- 
tinfniiflhed bimi^i.-lf in the attack on St. Kua- 
tache (LiBoxs, Kiirlt/ Heminiia^^nces, p. 86). 
Proronlr-d CAprain on Ml Dec. 184'>, he 
exchuigcd lo till- ,Scot» fu«ilivr guards on 
16 July 18.14. Hi^Mrved in tbeUrimea, ati 
lt»t>b)tant i{uanormaster-e(!nt>ml, till \\iv fidl 
of Sobaalfjjiol, find wa» llii; f^iiiAt^ of the 
cavalry in ibe flank march to Balaclava 
(KiMiitaKR, iii. i*'2, 494V Ho wiiit madn 
brevet mainr on 12 Doe. t8;i4,andbrevRtlifiu- 
ten ant-colonel on 17 July IW>5. He was aflw- 
wnrdfl deputy qisnrtcrma9leT-p<.*mrftl to the 
Turkiab contiiig<>ut ai Ktncb, and director- 
general of land transport (which h« riy 
org^aniiii.'d) in iho Crimea. Ho ructiived the 

V01« LX. 



medal with font cla)>p«, C.B,, l^cion of 
Honour (fifth cla-ss), Mi'djidif? (third class), 
and Turkish medal. On 11 Dec. 1{^ btf 
was mode aide-de-camp Co the qneen, and 
colonul. 

He teas appointed deputy qimrtermft»t«r- 
gvufral lo chw furevs in (.luna in 1857, but waa 
^inplnyed iu India, owing lo tiie oiitbrfalc 
of the mutiny. Hu was chief of the tttalTor 
the cvnlrnl India fi'^ld I'orc" nnder 8ir Hnnh 
Henry K'*e (afterwards Lfml Sirathnaim) 
[g. v.] ; and was present nt tbe BtornuiiKr of 
kunch and the battle of QuUuli, 'I'l May 
18r>^, in which bii horae watt »bot. Ho 
afterwarda commanded a Held foro^ iu South 
Oude, 118 briziulier, and on 3 Nov. stormed 
tbe fort of llampnr KuMla, taking twi-nty> 
thrw (jun». Ho lost sevonty-eigbt men; and 
Sir Colin ('aiupbtttl wait 'much put out' 
that hs had not waited for Sir itope Grant, 
as had K-"n tirranged (Okaxt, /ncjV/«-iifs p/' 
riif Sfpfttf War, p. ;tfi6). He rewiviMl tljo 
luedal (ind clasp, aad was siv&n an unac- 
taclicd li'iiilenant-oolonelcy for bis *er*'ice« 
in cenlral India {Lomlon (rasettr, t!U April 
1869). 

Hi! wa« appointed deputy qiinrtvrmastur- 
ffetu-rat lo the forces in In^land ou 28 Jan. 
!85i>, and ono of llio rewards for distin- 
C(iii»bml Birrvice wajt rt)nferri?il on him on 
21) Dec. 1A61. On 28 April IfieSi^ ho wan 
made deputy iinartcrninsler-gvncrBl at 
hpailqunrloni, nnJ in IHiS bo nuccpedt^ 
8ir Thomas Larcom a^ under^-serretary in 
Ireland. He wns mado K.CS.I.on 16Sept. 
1(<*}7, and promoted major-general on 
8 March 18eH. 

Ur^ died suddi^nW in Dublin on 11 May 
1809, havintr already won ' the cordial re- 
spect of all with whom by had olBcial in- 
tercounto ' {Timv9, 14 May 18(J9). On 
2(1 Jan. 1847 be married Katberine, daughter 
of John Durie of Astley Hall, Loncasliire, 
and left thr>:^i^ sons and tbriTO dani^hlvrx. 

[QctiU Uae. 1868, 1.690; Cannon'.i Itorordsef 
thi>Ut(llriyals)'Pr- 2£6,Ac. : Aimunl Rck- IAS8, 
p. 10; Bark»V Landwi Gentir ; LTijii«d Service 
.Ma^. ises. ii. 366.^ ' K. M. L. 

WETHERELL, Sik CHAULKS [1770- 
18-l(i), politician and lawyer, third son of 
Nathan ^^i-llu'rell (1726 1807), dean of 
IKri'-ford and roaster of University College, 
O.tford, wosbom at Oxford in 1770. He was 
a precocious child, and hi'i father destined 
him for the bar almost from his birth. He 
was ient to St. Paul's school, wheri'^ be was 
admittod on 4 Aug. 1783, and at ihe early 
a({« of fifteen be became a oommonur of Uni- 
vengity CoUego, Oxford (14 Jan. 17B<V). and 
was shortly afterwartle nominated to a demv- 





^ 




■hiptti M«gt)«lmi, which brre«iini^inl70l. 
H-ir»JiwI«<tB.A.on'J JiiDc 1790.BndM.A. 
on K Jiilf \7'Xi. Ilo hat\ bKoiDi> a «twl«(it 
of tlu! luiior Temnli' on 15 April ItOO, and 
w«e called to tbt buon 4 Julj 1794. 

K« pnrtiwd in th# flnt iiutsiiM at the 
oomnoa-law bar, joiniiw Uia home orcuii 
and Surrvv M-nsiotu, but be d«vot«d bimadf 
to cqaitT buaincM ahortlr after Eldon first 
tweana lord cbancvllor. Wing wimpthtn^ of 
nhTOvritewith htmfortht? uki^ of htH father 
and hia college. Duriojt lh« n«xt twvnty 
^ean b« i!iijojr«l an tmportant practice, and 
Avqucntlj appeared not only in tlie courts 
of ebancAry, l>ut before th»? pri*y council, 
tho House iif IjOnla, nnrl parliamcntanrcoin- 
mitlM*. Ha wai appointi^ a king'* counM>l 
tn 1816, but wh^n im patent erpin»d on lh« 
daatb of ()t<Qr)i« HI m> ivMutnfd hia atuff 
f^Kiii for Fwmp \iti\i^ tini^ b^-forft it wa« 
renewwJ. ][(■ waa vl«::lcd a b«ucber of hi* 
inn in ]81tt, and in IHl'fi waa tr«&aurer. 

For several yesre he coiuidered btmKlf 
alighted and hts claim* to hif^b legal office 
OTferlooked. I'artiv Ax>m ptqiic, partly to 
abow that he waa fully the Mual of tlii> law 
officore of ill') crown, ho broRe away from 
tha uauiil routinv of hia practice in Junt' 
m?, and defended James WaiAon (1766- 

!fi^\ ll- ^'1 "" ^'* *"■' f*" '"Rh treason 
or hia ohari'' in the -Spa Fields riota (wte 
Cahi'iiki.i., ChantxUor», viii. 17; Mabtut, 
I^ftAumt, yp. \27, 132, 136; IIoweix. 
Stntf Triah, xsxii, 1). Wutson. the first 
of the pnKon«rR to be tried, was found not 
guilty nnd ihfl povemtnent did not then 
proceed oeainst Thiittlewood, for whom ako 
XVeihorcll WM retained, or againM the other 
priennen. Wetburell diatinfniiahed liuiu«lf 
oy the ability and vigour of hia defence, and 
tbestrongtb of iho Unguogi.' in whirh,thQugh 
a tory, ha denounced tlm tory goremment 
and their informer witiwsaae, but he did 
notbinff to nrlvnnce himself toward* oflice. 
He woa retiirriKd to partinnDnt for Rye on 
SlDec.ieiL',l»Tit onlMFeb-lSlSthorrtuni* 
for Shaftoaliury in Dorset were amended by 
order of the houac and his namu wna lubeli- 
tuted a* one of the membera relumed, and 
ho then elected to sit f.>r Shafleehury, and 
did ao until I81H. Fin Ant for the city of 
Oxford fnin Mnrch Ifl^O tn 1h26. for IJast'- 
iiiK* from .Jmit- (n Hweinber 183f), for 
Plymptnn T^arl in DpTonshire frrttn the end 
of lB2fl to IftilO, andfor Rorouglibridge in 
Ynrkshire from IS;10 tr, IftSi. Tliat seat 
wBs e\tinfr>ished by tho Keform Act, and, 
though in 1R.'12 he 'c(Miteal«d the university 
of Oxford, he retired after iho fir^t day's 
poll, and ^vc up parlianifritiiry life. 

Ill the Houflo ot Commons he waa promi- 



nent bat not influential, ottmm gffe etjva m 
da-bat" bui pedantic anil bigoted, tdorealrie 
hi* <lrws*,und»oiiiewhat of ■ buffoon. [q1^ 
l»e mvi' pijwerfril support to the pmpoaallWr 
lbeiri«er(i"a<;ftjueen Canilioe'a tMB» iaib< 
lituriry. H- reirolarly and Tebemecitly Af 
fended Lord Etdon and the sBDrtiiig pnetior 
of 111! HuiiTi iif ihaiirirjatfaiiair alli liTaJM 
orproponls for reform, ana erra B r c wighM V 
bankroplcy bill in 1m31 ht< fnn^t nlist* 
lewdy I AiuiHirLa, Ltff <,f Lard Dmmmt, I 
^'2). fie waa equally uncompnmiting ■■ 
re«i«iing Roman mbolic emanopuioa afti 
parliarai-ntary. municipal, and uruvenity rt- 
tonn. It waa dillicalt for the gtiTentawfli 
10 o^'erlook the claims oi so aetiTa a debater, 
and at U.«t, on 31 Jan. 18t*4, he wma ap- 
pointed soliciiur-gcneral, and was kniebbni 
on 10 March 18:^4. In Septemtirr 18& Iv 
sucoeeded Copley aa allomey-gesenl, bm 
when Canning took office he aacriSced not 
nirTr-ly theattnmey-treneralehip but tb.> jitf- 
ehano^Uorihip. which would have fallea to 
him inst<^d of m 8ir I^anoelot Sbadwetl 
[q. T.}, and followed Lord Eldon and the olbeff 
unbending torics in n-f using to join the new 
administration. In January- lii3S ho becaBF 
attorney •general agnin under the Uuke ef 
Wellington. Ho wa«, howflver, eunndi lo 
lht> extrvrnx protectant cauae, voted agolnal 
the Roman ratholic umancipation bill, and 
violently attaclcnl tbn miniatry, declarii^. 
bill not n|ipan.-iitlv with Inilh, that hi* »- 
fiisal to draft the till was due to fidelity t-^ 
his oath of oHic*?. So vioU-nt waa his iqwecb 
that he was currently reportMl tn have ben 
drunk when be mnde it. At any rate, it* 
language exhausted ihe patience of his ool- 
league«, and shortly after the debate on tb« 
second reading he was dismiased. He be- 
came nbittvr opponent alike of the Wtllini- 
l.on and of the wbi^ administrations. Ihtr- 
ing the reform debaiva ho was one of tbt 
moat conapicivous opnonenta of the mi&iMr 
and fipnifp ellen and long in support of tl 
i'\i«ting franchiiin ami reprBHentatioa. 
much wa$hcidi>ntifled in the popular i 
nation with extreme aodt^vtm taQaticali_ 
aition to reform {ii. i. X>-2) that, it was 
appenrsnc* in Ilristnl which provoked ita 
riots of 18:11. lie had siiocce<^ GiflVwd ia 
tilt) r'-conlership of Bnalol, atul proceeded e* 
29 (Icl . 1831 to open theasaiaes (StaU Triatt, 
new ser. iii. 80), in spito of warnings titt 
hi» nppi'inincj- would provoke diKturbaacA 
Thew waminpi he simply reported to the 
home seerefary, intiuinting his intentioD to 
carry out bis duty in the oHlinnrr 
wbatoreribe risk to himself, and leaving tj 
government to take precautions to 
Tht> public pence. He wu mobbed, ' 





iin(i«i4avd,and wItIisQtii«(]il!icahyni(uletiu 
CAcnpe from Elristo] by night, nntl aftor oon- 
siderabit! risk of lib lifu (sl^u I^iidl-^'s trial, 
Slrtlr Trialt, new »'r. vol. iii.) For lhre« 
dsyx Bristol wkb in tliu haniU of a riutoiu 
nob, iiii'd a. CdDMiWabli' |mrt oftlu^ Inwn veatk 
Ijurnr. W.jtl»Tell rfitiirntHi to practicis for 
some years, and ivmaineri recorder of nri«tol 
till his df'u.tli. Hr- hail been sCanding coiinHpl 
ior MfLudalt>n CoUp^e, Oxford, Bince 1801, 
anil in ti^ll b>>cninL- statiiiing couumI to the 
univcr*Hy of Oxfunl. lU'WUCCUiidea D.C.L. 
Oil 1-1 .lune ISili, and. deputy alowartl in 
1840, On 10 Au^. 1846 liflrecuived injuries 
in n ciirrittgif MCcidvnt wbidi jirovHil fatui on 
tlip ]7tli, and he was huriwl in thfi Tpmpla 
churcb rjn tliu liCth. He mnrrii'd, 'J^ Hw, 
16S0,hii)pnimnJnne Rarah Kliialint.h, SM-nnd 
danehler of -Sir Alexander Ctokir. Sin? diod 
in IftJI, and in 1838 he married ilarriut 
l^izabtil h,seconddau(fliterof Colonel Wanie- 
ford. of WarnefortI I'lnct, Wiltshire. Then.' 
wiM no ^urviviii^ isiiit< nf uitli>.>r marriage. 
Wftharell, who bad inboritt-d a conHiderablu 
furtunu on lii^ fat^terV dfulh in 1S07, uecu- 
mnlttlj^l II vt-rv Inrjfp onu biiii»t»lf. 1[« ciiwl 
intaatate, Iraving upwards of iOO.OOO/. per- 
•oulLy, and a ^eat deal of liin(l>.4d propKrty. 
A statue of him wAaerMteH at C! ifton in 1 K^i). 
Wotherell'e reputation baa sufliEinjd by tht> 
indi*<*rtlion and vivilmCB of lii* spf.'chiyi as 
An ullra torv and prntcHtant champion froiD 
Wm to ifS;iL\ lie iH probably now best re- 
membered by the Boreni«in evoked by hisspeech 
en the Kvcond rt'nding of tbo catholic relief 
bill, that 'the only lucid interval was tliat 
betwecu hii waixtcoat and hi» br^<cchea.' 
Yet hi« poiitiral ronduct generally was fair 
and hunourabli-. and ul iht! bar bo wtu 
nlvrny* ronnidiTHii a man of»ti:ru]niloua bear- 
ing and honour (aee Roebuck's liiiiory of 
ihe IVkvj MinUlry, \. 32fi). 

[Time*. 10 AU|. 1846; lii-nt.. Mag. October 
18<(1; Ornrillo Mnmniw, lut ncr ; Wiilpola's 
Hitl- vf BDukud, vd. ii; CiimpbellV Livva of 
the Chnn<;(!lTcrrN, iii. 99. i-ili. 163; Law Idag. 
new «T. vi. 'im. St. PnulM School Register; 
Alumui Oxon. I715-1S89; Bloxani'sMagd-Coll. 
Bag. Ti. 106.] J. A. H. 

WBTHEBELL, NATHANIEL THO- 

MAS (1800-1870), geologist, »■«.« born at 
the Grove, Hi((li(i;ate, on (( Sept. ISOO, where 
his fatlicr, William RMundirll Wcilutrell. 
waJ* in practicu ait a Murf^^jn. lliit mother's 
maiden nnmo waa Anne Maria Gibson. Hu 
wii« educated first at privat(> achnolii, then 
at the MiddlcAcs Ilo!ipiTal, and, aftnr pasa- 
ing the examinations of tbi> Royal Colloge 
of .Surffoons. »oUl«d at Ilighgate. 

WedioraH's ationtioD wus early turaed 



to geology, and to this all hta sparp timo 
waa glvpn. He wa.^ an aclivii mrmber of 
the London Clay Club [see Bowhkha*ik, 
Jaxb* ScottJ, and a zi.<aloiu Marcher alter 
the foi^lls of that formation. Suatlry dbOp 
e\c-avntton«, like that at HighgateAroLway, 
affbrdt^'i bim jrood nppnrtiinilics for forming 
Mil nnimoally fine collect ion, n'hicb was ulti- 
mately piirchoMKl by the British Muaeuin 
antliorities and is now at ti^utli Koneingtun. 
Hv also acquired a large series of interesliiur j 
apecinii.'ii.'t from tLv ^InciaL driA of MuBWwf 
Mill, Finchlev, i<^,, which i.i prmervwd ib'] 
lUo Jvruiyn Strt'eC Museum; and lie ptucl'l 
e.ipecial atlfnlion tu thn bandiid struct ure of' 
flinte. Hewafi filMfi'd F.G.^i. in IR&'t, hut 
reaignwl, owing to increasing deafness, in 
Deremhcr 1H611. Ha died at IfighgitU' on 
i'l Dec. 1875, having spent lu9 wholo Life at 
x\\%y Grove, which had been the borne of hit 
father and grandfatlier, also tuembere of the 
sama profusion. He married, on IK) March 
1837, Louiaa Marv Cspoti of Highguie. She, 
with four !ons and thntEi daugbt^m, aurvivwl 
liim. 

Moiit of the time which Wethenill could 
spare from profeasioiml dntit^s waa taken up 
in forming and nrrnn|{ing bis colliMitions. 
He waa the author of thirtivn pajk-r*, wmo 
of which appenrt'd in the publications of the 
Oeologicnl^iociety, nnd of a fewahort not«e. 

[ObilBriT)- nnti«f«, Qieart^Hy Journal Geol. 
8op. xxxii. (1B7S), Pmr. p. 90, (taol. Mag.I 
1874, p. 48 ; iofun]iaLii>u from Dr.U.Woodwaid, 
Profesaor T. R. Jonwi, und Mr«. W«ith«T<'ll 
(wtdnw),] T. O. B. 

WETHERSET, IHCUAKD (/. 13.50), 
tlieological writer, wa.s n native of Wether^ 
ingsi-ll, Suffolk, and bucame chancellor of 
the nnivi'-Mityof Oainbridgi! in lftll>-JjO (Lb 
Nevb, Fafli, iii. oS)8). He wrote: 1. A 
' Summn ' or ' Si>c<:ii!«m Kcclcsijo,* in which 
William do Montii [ace WtLUAuJ i» largely ; 
used. It is copied in the Oigfay MS. 103 with- ! 
out indication of tiu> nnthor'a name, in tho 
Cambridge University Libiar\-, li, iv. 12, and 
Addit. MS. 3+71 (formcrlv I'hiHipM at'339 
and 7402). and in tlw New College .MS. 14-5. 
This is the work which Boston of Bury 
names under tho titli^ ' ])e Vitlia et Virtnti- 
biM etde Sacramentift' (^TAySBR, p. xnvJi). 
•1. In MS, ccclvl. Corpus Cbriati College, 
Cambridge, i* a 'TracLatu* qui dicitur Nu- 
menib^'by him, probably talifln from Wil- 
liam de Monte's * Numemlo,' which is largely 
(juoted in the ' Siimma." 3, Tli<; jwuil tnanu- 
aeript^of Louvain contain, beeidee the above, 
'fSermones de Sanctis/ under th« name of 
Rie. Wedriiinl«r (SASDEBrfl, Bill. Selff. 
ilSS. p. 3:^7). Wetberset also ap)K-arH to 



WethersTied 



388 



Wewitzer 



haw writton Igunst t)i<>pow)-rr>f ilipm'-wlU 
I'jtnU tfl hMr Aonfi'StionA, iVir Adam W'oA- 
ham or G'.xjlmm r^pli(^(l (0 him (LlTTUB, 
Orty Friart at Ojford, p. 173 n.) 
[AvtboritieB ciud.] M. B. 

WETHER3HED. lUCHAKU of (rf. 

l^yJ), •rcIil>i«liop of Oanterburj. [See 
Obavt, Richard.] 

WETWANG, Sir JOIIX (J. 16&t), 
C&plain in t)in iiuvy, lifld jvoMiblv bM*!! with 
I'nnce Rupert or the I-'wnch privatwrs 
durinff tlie Coiiini<mw««Uh (cf. (J*Rriiifr.R, 
FirglJ)utrA H'ar, i. til). The first mention 
or him U \a 166-'i, when W wm uppoiated 
capt«iu of iW> Norwich, a fifVh-rAti.i BUachftd 
to the red squadron in the action off l^wca- 
toO oa 3 .1 unv. In ItWi he wun cupt«in of 
tha TiffiT, in 1668 of tl]t> Uiiiikirk, a third- 
r«t8. In lii~'2 he commanded the 70-j;un 
Bhip Edgar, onu of llit; bluD squsdron, in ihL* 
bntlKi of Solelmy : Jn 1673 h« ma flHjccap- 
tain id Ptiniie \l\\\nirx in th» Son^r^ign. In 
JJoV'-mhi.-r hi- wiW uppnlntml lo thp N*i/r- 
CAi(th^ in which, in Mar.-h ]8"l. he capturpd 
% \b,t^ Dutch Hiwt IndiamBii ' of very grmit 
T»lu<!.' At the I'nd of th"- wnr ho took th^ 
Kewciutleout to the Meditermn^an, whence 
he brought hump t]ui ' tnulf ' in tbp itpring 
of 107C. In 1678 he commanded Ihtt Koyul 
Jamex as tlag-captain to Sir Thomus Aflin 
fq. V.]; in 1079 he wss CAptnin of the 
NortliuinlH.'rIniid, in l(WO of tbo Woolwich. 
On '20 Nov. IBfSU he was knifrhted. In t)c- 
tober I0K3 hu uav appuiutcd oaptuin of the 
Kuot India ('oiupany'A -ibip lloval .Ianir», 
yr'nh a double comiuifiHiou from thf king 
ftnd 1I1H rompnny U> i^Dinicanil th» (1n:>l In 
the Koat Indies fur reiiiHtstin^ llii> kin^ of 
IJa-ntatii and re-ii»ljihl ighinp the trade there. 
With him WM SirTlinmosltriintham [q. v.], 
who hud a eoramissioti to command in hiv 
absi>nco, Wotwang- died at Fort St. Georgp, 
Mfidriu, wUbin a few weeks of Uis arrival id 
16K4. His will (in iSomcrset Ilou^e: Conn, 
60)— Bigrncd 18 Oct. IfiSS, proved 8 April 
16B6— const itittci his ' dear and well-hcJoTed 
wife IsBibBl' sale executrix, and leaves evflry- 
thinctobcr durins ht-r natural lifv; aftir 
liar ^Suth, which napnoned in Iflftl, to ho 
oquiUydividi'd a-mont; hto four soue— JUtbcrt, 
John, Sumuol, Bind Joseph. A brother 
Joseph, a oaptain in the navr, i» mentioned 
by Omraock (ii. 68). 

IChu-noak's Bionr. Kar. 1. 194; Bruee's An- 
nals of th* EiMt IndtB. rnmpnny. toI. ii. ; Ynlo's 
Diary of Hmlg™ (flnkluji, .Sor,), ii. 52, 164; 
Pringlo'i ConBaltJLt.iui) Boobi »f Fort St. G«orgB, 
1684; notes kindly furniaihwl by Mr. William 
fortor.J 3. K. L. 



WEWITZER, KAl.l'II <I748-I> 
comMisn, wub bom nf respectable mr 
on 17 I'ec- 1748 in Salinhiiry Sirwt. Sir 
and waa «ppri.'nticed to a jflweller. Hp i 
his first appearance at Coneut GardMi io 
Hdiiy 1773 as Ralph in tliv * Maid of tbt 
Mill,' it is said for ilu' bem-fii of his sisw, 
MiSiS Wewiti«T (sim> bolowj. The 6r»t tint 
bis iuni« can bv traevil to a part is ^1 Not. 
3775, when he was the original Lojv-r it 
f^erulaa's' Iiuenna.' Duringfotut*^-?" 
h« rwmaiocd nt Tovcnt (tonltrn, a>- , 
gndually a reputation in Fren<^hmi!n. 1 " :■ 
mans, Jews, and old mitD. Nr-ar tli? ouli»c 
of hiaCoToat frarden career WcwitEt^.wbo 
was heavily in debt, went to Dublin, wkva 
he acli^d tinder Ryder, though his perfiwa- 
Buces cannot he traced. Among his paiUsl 
Uovent Gsrdi^n were Filch in the * Gcj^st* 
Opera,' Champignon in ' Keprisal,' ^ny 
Sneak in ' Mayor of Oarratt/ Simon Pal* 
in 'Bold Stroke for a Wife," I>r. Pincli iu 
' ^Vmwilv of Emirs,' Comoiandnl ^an un^ntl 

firt) in I'ilon'fl * Lirerponl Priu!,' 22 Ftb. 
r79, l>r. Caiu" in ' Merry Wires of WimJ* 
vr,* Vanderrelt (an original part) in Rol- 
cp.ift'9' Duplicity 'on 1:) Oct. 1*81, Culbfwd 
in 'F.pifwne,' Ba.*il in 'FoIUm of a Pay' on 
\l Dec. 1784, Juno in 'Midas,' Smujtjfi<r 
in 'Constant Couple,' fJardiner in 'Koif 
Hynry Vltl,' Frenfliman in ■ U-ih^V TatU* 
in ' IxiTcfor Jjove,'l.ord Dlaiisihtc in 'lisia 
Dealer,' Puritan in * Diikc and no Pnka.' 
OnLiti in yiiirler's ' Rird in a Cain.',' Itawr 
in'i'rovoked Wiil-i'liPit c&rri'-T in the 'Fir* 
Par ufKinir Ik-nrv 1 \*,' Sir I'hiljp Modr!':'*!' 
in ' Biild -Stroki- for a \\ ife,' nidrosllc in 
' Int rigiuuf; Chamht>rtnaid,' Papillion ia ikf 
' Ltht,' Riprlum Ftinnid<H> in ClimiuiBbJ- 
lonthologni),' Tipkin in 'Tender Ha.'bsiKl,' 
; Medium in 'Inkle and Varicn/ and vi?>y 
' nuiny parts, ehielly w>r%-ant4 or tlit like, in 
forgotten comedies of llolcroft, O'Kerfe, 
Pilon, ond others. In 'Omar, or a Tr^ 
round lite World,' by (>'Ke<-ir«, with roaiia 
by Shield, produced at Covent Oarden oa 
2(> Dec. 1786, Wowilwjr delivered with my 
gr«at effect a apeciea of ' Mate liarasfiis- 
pompoBo • (O'KKByFH, Jtevollectiona, ii. Il^V 
in wliht puriKirtrd to be the laogaagv of • 
Pnlynwiian rliief. 

On 8 July 1780 Wewit-wr's name ij^eais 

at tli'> Hnvmarki^t an Fripon in Jlilfr* Ppur 

' Andrews's comic opera ' fire and Wntf. 

then first produced. At the aaine luioM 

at which he appeared during many oouHn' 



tire summers, oe waa DianaTrapm mt 8A«t> 
1761, when the female part* in the 'Befr?"'' 
Oi)erft' were played by m-a, and rtrv -rff- 
Tn 17?i5 John Palmer (1742? 179^1 'tl-*-J 
builtthBRoyaltyXheatrcinWeUclosei 




Wewitzer 



3»9 



W'ewitzer 



wliicb he opemE^d in 1707. On Iti« future I 
and imprisonment in 1789 lie entrusted lliB , 
ffiiiiiiif(i.-m«nt to \Ve«rit3«r, wlio spv>^rt<d his 
counectioii with CoTcnt Cittnlpn nud sought I 
to mftko of th>;plare a popular house, mich as < 
Snilltr's ^^'ellfi. On tko caUa|Mc of the 
apocululion lie rtMircd with Iuka of money 
and TvptitiLfion. In Auj^iiftt ITUtl he wiw nt 
the IIa_Tmnrkt.'t. Thfulrc. when; hv was wen 
for two or ihrvii Miinmt^ra, and in Sfplembt-r 
1791 wa* wirh the Drurv Lane cuutpany at 
the Kin|c'sTh?alru ni \hf Hajrinnrket. lU're 
te WHS on '20 April 170:! the first Larron, 
■ unutrK't^Ff in Uu' ' rugitivu," allvrud by 
Itichnmsou from the 'Coxei^mb' o{ Reau- 
iDont Bnd FU'tcher, At Dniry Lane hi? 
playt^d (infie in 'Chcai* of Sfapin/ Mair-s 
in ' School for Scandal.'SirWillianiWifallhy i 
in Fuult^'H ' Minor,' Knhruim iSm<K)th (an 
origrina] part) in O'KML't^'s * Nu«t>g;av of' 
WwMfs'on JutiH I79f*, C'tuiton in 'Clan- 
deatinn Marriage,' Shadraeh in thn ' Younj; 
Qualier,' Elbow ill ' Mi-nsuri- for Mf-a»ure,' 
Abe^lnefco in the ' Jhw and the Doctor,' 
Ahrahain fan original clinracler) in llol- 
croft's ' Vindictive Mnn' on :^0 Nov. 1S1)6, 
Budt'illtet in ■Benui* Stratncem,' 

After Drury Ijintr wns burni'il down ho 
Tv-tml with ihecomi/aiiy tothe CuKli^h (Vpera 
Hoime ( Lyceum ), where he was on .10 S.-itt. 
18U the'lirst 1^ Fomi; in Mooru's ' il.t'., 
or ihi' Bluo Silocliiiig.' On the reoneninp 
nighl. of Dniry Lano (10 Oct. 1SIl*> li« was 
one of the gravciiifi^ni in ' Hnmli't.' Soon 
jifli-r thU lime hia name, which had bwn 
infrequently h<avt\ ua iho bill*, diwippcoa'd. 
lie dniw diirio)^ hi* Uler vf^ara a pension of 
651. from the Covont (lard^en fund, anddiud 
in extreme povertv al hulj^iijf.^ in Wild I'a*- 
saffe, Dniry t.ane, on 1 Jan. \t^'2'i, his body 
boinc removed by his landitulj, to whom he 
was in debt, from the i-xpensive coffin bujv 
plied by hin nlMer. 

A Rood actor in Becondan,- parts. Wtiwitior 
won the appD^val of ifO' id fuuKts, but never 
row. to the front rank. Ke was a French 
scholar, and left buhind him tht< rcfiutsriun 
of an intfllipi-iit companion and a wit. The 
wirtitriiimH that curvivu du nul appeal vtry 
directly to the prwient gi.'ntir«lioii. He had a 
shari^ in arranginfi; the marriaRe of Harriot 
Melhm [cj. v.], subseqULmlly Hiicht-M of St. 
Albans, with Mr. ConllR, and was fur a 
aliort time of her household. A [iitrnjihleC, 
the titio of which bc^in.-i ' Mr. IVroyWynd- 
hamV fftricturi'* on tin lujpoBlor' (see Lowe, 
Jii/rlioifrap/tirai Account v^ Thealrityjt Lite- 
rature, p. Ii37l, \f written in Wcwilior'a 
mtereal, and taxe^t I btt duchess with false- 
hood and ingralitnde. 

Wewitcvr contnhiiled to Iha Ilnvraarket 



tbe 'Onoine,* a pantomime (unprinted),BCt«d 

in l"rtft, and to Cownt Oardt-n iho ' Magic 
CsTem,' a wintomime, 27 l>i«. 17b4: 17&S, 
8vo. To WcwitBor arc also assigned the 
' Tedigree of King Oeoriju III, iiiieully do- 
duccd from King Egbert,' I8Il*. ^vo; the 
'School for Hits, a Uhoice Colhiclioa of 
Bona Mfits, Anecdoleti, and a\hi-T I'lwtical 
Jeux d'Esiiril," 181"), limo; ' Dramatic Re- 
uiiniacencej*, hy llnlph Wewitwr, Comedian,' 
12mo — no copy known with a titlf-pngej 
' The»lricnl I'ocUet-booU, or brief Dramatio 
Chronology,' London, 1814, 12mo; and 'A 
brief Drsmatic Chmnology of .\«tors, He, to 
w*hich ia added a iVlii>cellnneonfl A{>i>endix,' 
London, 1817, l:2uo— a compilation of no 
iiiilLority or merit. 

A portrait, by Duwildo, of Wewitier u 
Dr. CaiuH in the ' Merry Wivea of Wiudwr'J 
» \i\ ihtr MaihcwB collection at tho Gt 
VA»\i, with a rliymtii); qiiutatiou from An- 
thony Pasquin : 

Jii« (':iiuti nnd clovns wi> may Me and admire. 
And hisBelliir. lik« gloM, is*nf['nd6rsd by flro. 
lliiFrcnchmcit nrofr«i- from uii.pIiiAkFtDl ((riniKca, 
Arid hi* J«wa you would Avt^r were all born in 

Dnke'a Place. 

A portrait, by Wageman, in tbu aama cha> 
nictirr, accomMnim bis memoir in the siitth 
volume of OxWrryV ' Dnamntic Binirraphy.' 
Miss WnwiTJSKU (Jl. 177:i-178S)* made 
hcT appcumncu on 4 >ov. 177l^ at Covent 
Harden >!.« Daphne in ' Dnphne and Chlix-,* 
and plavL'd euvural parl.t of no ^eat im- 
jwrlHnce. Oenesl announces her first ap- 
pearance aa Elmira in l>ibtlin*« '.Serag'lio/ 

14 Nov, ITTCt, She seeroH to have played at 
Coveni Garden or in Dublin until 178U, 
when nhe tiuilted ilio rtaf^u. .Subseiiiiently 
- -after IWK*— she is said to have become the 
M't'ond wife of .Jnmi's Cuflu, lord Tyrawley. 
She was dead when Lonl 'rvniwlev died On 

15 June 1»-21 (Gent. J%. 1^21, ii. 88 ; cf. 
n. E. Cfo¥*TitE]'9 Complett Peeraxie, Tii, 
US). 

[So full or quite Irirtworlhy life of Wewiteer 
is MPCesible. The neareat apphHtch may be 
found in Oxberry's Draiunltc tlii>Knii)hy (rol. vi.). 
aod iu a DocivD of dif«ib iu the Ifowiuv, the first 
numbor o1 which appeared on 4 Jan. 1M6. 
Gonest'e Aeraunt of thu Kogliah 8[aoe; Baku, 
Bead and Jnntw's Bingmphia Uramaiicn; Thea- 
ptan Magazino ami Literary Ki-poMtor: Thm- 
pinn Dietionnrv; OilliUiii'e l)r*imntic Mirmr ; 
C'lArIc Kii»i<l!'ii ItoprcanntatiTti Acton'; Nnw 
Monthly MitKaxina ; Ouorgian Era ; Notoa aud 
UurrtM. 91^1 »fT. i. 3 68, V5"J, 373; .Secret M a- 
muiro of the (Ireen Room ; AutljDnlir Heinoira 
of the Green Ruuni ; Buaiiun'ii Li fe "f Mre. Jonlun 
bavo, in fiditilion to wnrhscittd.beenconsuU-d.] 

J. K. 



•WBT or WAY, WILLIAM (1W7 f- I 

1470). traveller and author, born in P*-von- [ 
iilijre apparently in 1 JO", was e»Incatwl at 
Oxford. wltRH! lie gradunled M.A. and B.U. 
before the aulumii of 1-130, wlien he became 
feUow of Ex9t«r ColU'go. Uv li«itl liis fel- i 
low^liip nt least till U4'-', if nnL ]ai6T, and I 
tlitfn lecaine bq oiiKiusl fellow wf I'^ton Col- i 
Ufif, tIiou(;)i lii* nftiue <Wj not occur, aa 
Harwood implies, in tbe Gliarter nffoundB- 
tJon. lintU in liHH hostnrlfid on a pilgrim- ' 
age to the i=lirine of St. Jamea gf Compo- : 
sU'il", ii-avitifr El^n on;.'? Mnrclj,QNd »ftilinff | 
from I'lymoutli un 17 Muy, lie reached , 
Corunn on '2^ May, and Isl't il on his ivtiini 
borac (in ft June, arriviiij? at Mymoiitli on 
the 9tb. A» llin ■tnlutr« of Klon Collt>f;» 
forhftd.' frOIowa to be ah.iL-nt moru than lux 
weeks, Wey pn>bBbly tibtiiiin^ Imivw of ab- i 
sence similar 1o that i;rant<.i(l him in a letter , 
fWini Flenry VI, among tliearchiwa at Eton ' 
dated 11 Aur. ri4i>7], to pn on il wn>nd | 
pilgriiDBmi to holy pincea. He left Venice ' 
Ml 1^ May IJ-')^, reachpil Jatla on 18 and 
Jerusalem on 'ii Juno, IcBvinp n^in on \ 
2 July, and returning to Kton late in the 
antumn, the whole journey h&\*inp' tnkc-n 
thirty-DJDf 'niK'kH. On UO I'Vb. Ufiti Wey 
left Kton for a nrrond Tiflit to raleatine, 
Bailing frota England on 13 .Mar<:h, and 
arrivini; nt Vrnice oii '22 Ajiril. Ilf re- 
mainod tht-r* ^ve weeks, wiinejwing the 
cenMUonies of St. Mark's day and tliosv con- 
nected with The installBtioii of Nicola» Moro 
ae dotfd in »iit:ee»«ion lo Tahcale Alalojiero. 
Jlf. left on 'IB May, errivinp at Jaffa on 
16 July ; liv Btarlfd back fruui JiTutndem on 
thit S^ih, iiml Inndtd at Dover on 1 Dec. 

Of all of these pU^imagDH Wt-y left a 
retnarliablT dHailvii Hiid inti'n-Jtting account, 
formerly preaervi'd in Kdini^dnn inonaetery 
(not, as Aunf ii<r dtat'-c, nt SyoiO. ""'1 ""w 
in the Bodleian I,ibrar>- f .MS. I'lli'H; it was 
itdit«d with introduction and not«« for the 
Itoxburghe Club in 18.j7. Tliv manuscript 
begins with two introductory trealieee m 
pr<we,u<^'"Viorornial.ionu»«fulfortrav,^11<T>i, 
mncb in tlm mauncrof ainodi-mguidi^boulc 
thi; iiarrativfd m \er»w follow in u stilted 
metre, said to n-^enbtf! Lyd^te'a. Tliat of 
the ioumcy to St. Jamw of Corapoatella ia 
thi>lcaM itit4-n<fltinj]^ of the tbrt>e, ihotigh il 
containe anmv information on Ibtf ecclrnin** 
ticftl conrlilion of }?])iiin. Tbi^ nnrrativt) of 
the iirst journey to Jerusalem is detailed 
•fler WVy's dop«Ttur<? from Venice, while 
that of th« scrontl journty is fullur on Lia 
travels acrasa Europe. 

Soon nfl'T bit) nlnrn from his third pil- 
griintij(«, \Vt?y rcnolvttd to XaUv the monaatic 
TOW, thereby vacating his foUowabip at 



Eton, ile enterod the Augusliuian mono** 
Itry at Edingdon, \VUt*hinj, wlier*? he [Kuwd 
the reauundvr of bin days. Ht> gavn tbai 
house some church furtiiiurrt, rvUca, and 
curioditiM whtoh be bud collected in Fftle»- 
tiu«, and died <in •H) Nur. 147(1. 

Beaidea hia Itinerarica, WVy wrote, ' Ser- 
mones durainicnU-s sufwr ]!lvaD£i<lia fvt 
totum Annum ' nnd ' Sermon^'* de {■Mtiajuin- 
ciiNiUbua et .S^uctis cum aliia multis ■'^- 
ninnibna gcncralibus;' both wen- fuTntrrly 
extant in Svon MS. Q. U {lUtssos, Oil. 
Libr. i^^an Motuitt^iy. ISm, p. IUl'>. 

(iDtnxl. to U'jxburKli'^ Club edition of Wst* 
Iiinvmriesi Tanntr'a littfl. pp. 7^-00: Oadia'a 
^ripC. KmI. ill. -Ja43; Fnbhcitu. KU. UnL 
X.\i. vi. S03; Toblrr's Itibl. G<H«r. I'alMlibK'. 
tSfi7, P, 48; Boase's Keg. Ckcier Coll. yOiiari 
IIi»t. Soo.) pp. Ill, 36, SCS: Wood'a HifL si 
Antii). l-*nir. Oxi.<ii. li. 9&; Uarwood'n Alarsoi 
Eton.p. fil.} A. P. P. 

WEYULND, JOHN (1774-18.>4).wri(«- 
on tlie poor law*, bom on 4 Th-c, 1 1 . 4. wu 
thi" *laf?8t son of John Wejlaml (1744- 
lHi'.">) of AVoodrising, Norfollt. and Wood- 
vutuo, Uxford^liirc, by bia wife Kliub«ili 
JoLanna (rf, I8J?). daughter and coheire« of 
John N'our«L<, of Wuodeaton. H*.' matrlcu- 
liilfd from('liri»tChurc'li,Oxfonl,(iti lONov, 
l7!>^,Btidwae calkdtotbtibarbv the society 
of the Inner IVmple in 1800. 'tU dffTotJ 
much titne to the atody of the Enclipb ww^ 
law syatem, and in 1^' publi^htHl' A abort 
Enquiry into the Policy, Iluiuanity, a&d 

I Klli-ct of tbf I'tior Laws,' London, !fvo. In 
I hU tn'n) iAi-, nnd in a Muppleinr'ntal pamnttiA 
publishiMl in the same year entitled 'Owa^ 

' vali')Tti> on Mr. Whitlirvad's Poor Hill and m 
the Populntioii of Kngland,' I<ondon, 8nt, 
hedeprwstedlooiDUch^ucalion for tb«i poor, 
nnd afIinnL<d that a certain dcgrM of aui- 
ship was ■ necf«ieary incentive to indostiy. 
On 31 July l><;iO he wa« returned to pu^ 
lianu'nt for liindoii in Hiltiihire. and i«- 

I tiiiiti^d hi* sBut uiilil IVcf-iuher IfriJt'. Uf 
difd. without iFaur, at Woodrtsing on " ^'"i 
I8.-,4. (hi ll' Mauh 1799 Iw nwrrir.l ] 
beth, daughter and heiress of "Wl., 
Ket'ne of liichmond. 

n(^d<-s tli» works mentioned, Wcrlud 
was tbe author of ' A Letter to f^ir ih\sf: 
Inglia on the StBtc of ll«ligion in lirtia' 
(London. lt*ia, Svo). and "The Pn: ; 
of Population and Production ns ' 
Biriicifd by the Prc^^rcH of Soci«'t\ 
dou, IHIG, Hvo); he edited Robert" 1 
' Ocensional UerteetionB ' I London, 1 li".'~ ■ 

lUiii'lo'fi I.andi.-d Gentry ; Foatir'a .> 
OioD. 17IJ-lS8fi . OffidiilRetunwof Jlrot-n 
of PHrIii>ini>ni^ Uio^. Diet, of LiHocAaLkn, 
IHIO: Qrnt. Mag. I«dt, i. tt'O.] £, L &, 



WETLAND, TilOWAS be (^. I27:J- 

ll^;i, jud^, was a memhvT of a Norfvlk 
fMRiilj Ihnt aiiini tlii^ begtiiiiinK of Ibe 
Uiirtcenth ceiiturjr had po8ees8i>a laiid at 
(IxburgliiindrlM'wIii'nMn t lint county (Z?/"*-/- 
Hook of Ercheqiur in Kib's SotftAk Anti- 
ynnmn MiftrUantf, i, 4i^, 96). Tlie ^ssip 
of the DiinFtablc aTinnlUt 'do ^nn in nltiim 
i-levatHs' (p. 804i> ipnorps the resptctahility 
of his dcACcnt. Tilt' TiDinc comes Irom %Vi'y- 
land, • wood iviNir Wattmi, tvhicb given it» 
UAtnc la a Norfolk liundn^. Tlio family bad 
■Iso possw^L'd luads lu Irvlund kiiicv ubuut 
1348, «1 U'liicli tiin« on« William de> Wtty- 
landwa^inlreljitid, iiitI]aM.>rvici>DfAyni(!r(Ifi 
Valviic*'(d. ll'OO) "q, v.], tliv liiilf-bnithiTor 
Henry m ( 6'i7/. 7W. iTY/mirf. 1 1 7 1 -1 :;.■) I . pp. 
489, -150). This ^\'iltinm is probably l!ii- tnino 
i»I.iiif .Sir \\'!!linm de WVylfind whom a p-'ili- 
grce in Blometield's ' Norfulk," vi. 17^. makes, 
with biswifi- Mnr^iliatwhu afterwards ta»r- 
ried Jobu dt- llruiidoQ), ttiu falbtjrof 'Jlioina* 
tJieiudge. Tllis\^'IllinTuiHg•.■DLTaUyid'_■Iltifietl 
-Willi tliu William Av: Wi-yiimd wliu wot cs- 
efaeator M>uth of Tn;ni btLwHen l2tH and 
1366, juEltcL' irliK^mnt. liuldiT of many jmr- 
ticiilar ajiHtii'ti, und jiiHticn tif ilia- cnuiiitoii 

5 leas in VIl'l and 1373 (Fosn, Iii/>yraphui 
Hridica, p, 720). H()»>'v«r, an "ntrv in 
* Calendar nf Dnciimenta relating to Tri'lftnii,' 
135if-M ip. iW). mrikts this William a 
brother of Thomnii WVylnnd, Tlu-re were 
Mvernl other WRvlaii'Li iii)>ntioned in ihu 
tvcords of this time whose precise reUtioD- 
ship to cneh other and to rht- jud^ i^ hnrd 
to determine. The most important nf tbeite. 
Sir Nicfaotnit do Woylnnd, aLto a «on of 8ir 
Williuui, was probably- the jii«iim.*'i' Mvr 
brotlier, or noMJbly his neuliew, lie got 
thumuDorof Oiburph wilh liis wifo, J idiana 
Bunii!)!, uiid wa.t knight of tlin iiliin> fnr 
Sunblkiniayr, ll'08,andi;i0fl(,J*ffW. FlViV*, 
i. ftfllV. 

'I'liomas de Weylnnd hecAmr! a clerk and a 
subdeacon io early life, hut, attaining snoceM 
UK K lawyer, hf kept bin cleriPrtl i^iatiia in thv 
bock^rouud, and OKfure 127- bad luarnud a 
lady named Elizithttth (Cnl. r^f Vateiit llotlg^ 
1 fcdwiird 1, in Depuiy-Kceper'e Fotlj- 
aacnnd IC«pcirt, p. A<i(]|. It in potifeiblcp lioi%'- 
evor, ihnt. thie TliomiutwafiTliomQd d<i Woy- 
land of Kydcin, wbti, with hi« wife Kliui- 
betb, acknowledged a fine ho Into ns 2k VA- 
ward I (RlR, Cnl. fif y^rfuik I-'rrt of Finr*, 
pp. 138, 163j. Aboitl 1271 or ]l'7l' hn was 
BflBOciated iw justice itinerant with ICoger de 
Seyton in K*«cx and Uert forrtshirft 0'"''- 
SAu:, Vhrwiica Utries, p. '25). In the early 
yearw of Edward I's nripu hi* was constantly 
omploy«d in huidiiijf particular onsiso. eifio- 
cioUv in the eH*tcr« counties. There are 



innumerable insiaaee« of this in the * lexico- 
graphitial' cntendar of the early pnivnt rotU 
of Edward 1, scattered iu the reports of the 
depuLy-ki.'uperuflhLTt.'Cordfi. DofuruMitrhaid- 
' inftw 1:^74 he becamt; juAlia- of the bf.nch at 
'Westioiueler. that i^, in more m'jdem pbrow, 
' of thn court of commuTi pli'ii*, tliuiigh iaj 
I 1 37& he is (leacribed a& nn<! of the ' 8ervienteti 
I re^sad leffem' {((.p. l^Ut. lnJu1yorAu(^ 
I 1271^, during iXm piirliamcnt nt GloucMt^r/ 
Kdwnrd n-organtsed ihi; eioff of ilie Wuch 
at A\'estminsl«r, appointing Weylond ebief 
jufitice, with a ulary uf vijiCy murks u vvari 
{I'aH. K'rifM, i. a»2). t)ii -JM St-pl. ol'th*' 
' samii yuar Wuylaud was pre^ietit at the 
, homage ufAli-xaiider III, kinj; nf t^ciil", at 
WL>*tminfit(^ (Ht. i. 7). 

During till? «<lt'vvn yoare that WnyUnd 
acted as chief jiistici' be showed erear ac- 
tivity in tbtf adcniiiiiitrutiou of thv law, but 
' neglected no opportunity of furthcrinfr hi* 
own iatereat and building up a great landed 
estAtc. His bohnviour, alway» qu»tionabIe, 
became uxcopilotinlly ii.canduloua betwutm 
IHSB and l'2HV, when the absenc.- of Kd- 
ward 1 iind thu clLanc(.-llur Bunifll on tlie 
continent removed thn rhief cb««kit upon 
hie action and that of his fnllea^ues. In 
Novenihrr l'27Q be obtained from his mother 
and her new husband, John de Mrondon, 
I a r«k-ase of nil her dower rights both in 
I Ireland and in England, in mtuni for the 
manor of Middleion for life {Cal, Ttoc. 
Inland, l2->L'-84, p. 21 1 ). lie was 
already in pniwi^wion of his rather'A Irish 
estate*, imd in Febrnai"*- li'(*l had letters of 
protection in ICngland for two rears {i&. p. 
:J70|, A^n, ou 1 July 12&5 be Lud pro- 
tection m IroUiid for three yean 'on r^ 
mainiuK' iu Eujjland uu the special alTaiiB 
of the kiiiK' (iA. liJW.-Jh?, p. 30). fn Eng- 
laad he vulluctvd a targe amount of pmptirty. 
Iln '2\) Jiinr I27lt he received the manor of 
Ijreat Moivinglmm, and two yrar» later that 
of Korthnll, both in \orfolk {Bl«jikwkl», 
Nor/oik, ix. 2iti .S|. In 1288 he bonglit a 
large projiertj- at (iriini;«tone,Cron^!iain,and 
Ottyton, Norfolk ^/A, viii. ■^■iOj, He mada 
other acijai»itioa» in Sii(li>lk and iu EisttXf.J 
where in I2W0 he had Itcenjif (or makiii|f 
parks at ChigTu-ell andM'rittle. In Kent h« 
obtaijie<] thfl mnnc.ir of (IraviX'tid, and in 
Oloucostershire inherited that of Sodbuiy 
from William, his father, where in I2M) h« 
bad lirenee for holdin|^ a market and fair 
( Cut. J.M. Carttin'm, p. 107). The eetatea 
be held at thr time nf lus full are eniimemtei) 
ia'Calendariumlnquiiiitignum poet uurtcm,' 
i. 102, 10«, llo, 130,144,317. 

On Edward I'h return to England ia 
Auguat I2HU, a churti* of cotnplainiA were 



L 



rained Boainst the conduct of bis iudgM. 
^V^TlBnd WW th.' ftret victim. He was 
clmrKi-d with iinntin^ his ©squires to com- 
iiiit a lioiuifidc, nnd of gpvinjT tliem refutre 
and piv'lwitiou uft«r lh« peqietr«tion of tfie 
tnimliT. The ' Annals of Dunstablo' (j>. SJifl) 
Shy that hti wu foiiiiJ KiiiltT or this bjr a 
jurv: but tlic: 'th-aey Annals,' with moro 
prnWbility.asf-erl llial ho rail away lo avoid 
the kin^'it iiidgmral ht-ing ]ia.t.<t^ upon Itim. 
Anyhow. Wnre 19 ^^(■pt.tbt> king liud ur- 
dered mil l>i» <>)itMt>>it to be si^izi*d ( Cai. Patent 
Sotlt, 12Hi* 91, p. :m), and on 2-1 Sept. 
Ralph of Sandwich [q, r,l wu» modo chu-f 
justice of tho bencti, 'ih« Kiiia; not dpjiirin^ 
ihatTliom&sdL'Weylitndshoulcl exorcise that 
office until further ordtr' (ti. p. S24>. Theiw- 
upon Wurland tied for saucluary to the con- 
VMiil of itie Franciscans, eatahlialied at Bab- 
well, jUFt <)iit(>idi; thv north gatv of Bury SL 
KdiniiniU, wdurp hi? W)W allowed to BMume 
the frinr'fi habit. The convent wna walohod 
by Sir Uolipr! Miilnt, nnd *» \V«vland did 
not withdraw aft*^r thf traditional forty days, 
Edward reaolved to Starrs out thu itimnte*. 
Great commoition wm excited nmonfr the 
atricter clergy bv the severity of the idng. 
Archbishop IVcklinm wrotr twice to Mnlct 
by -*"i Nov., urgini; Iitm to have pity on the 
jKiorl'riara. The primate now tiral discovered 
chut WVyland wue a Kubdoairou, audatrove 
to L'Iniui ioc him Iho immunity of his cler^ 
(pBrKHAii, fitters, iii. OUH-9). Edwartl 
allowed the friam to k'avo lhi> convent, and 
cvenfunlly Wtiylaiid himself wbb Starved out 
and conducted by Malet to I ho Towur, There 
Wi'vlnnd wii« "iSrrwii n thrct^fold option. He 
mifTiit inland trial by hU peere, fudurt- jwr- 
pelual impriscinnii'ut, nral)|iiri' ihi' n-iiltn for 
ever, Other chftrgi\* had in the int^r^al 
boeti formulated againnt Uiin. M^irL^over. the 
storm had now burnt ngainel. the iil.liirjndgt'ii. 
and furtlii-r coiiilddinls were thrt-atentvl. 
Aci^ordinfflv Wevland nj^nwd to abjure the 
raalm. Ou 20 tvb. V^VO Sir K. Malet was 
apfiointt-d to ddivtrWev land from theTower. 
with power to iiriiiit liiui lifu and liberly if 
be confeM lii» fidiinr and iibjure the rpulm 
(Cni. Hot. Pat. ll'8-,'-!M, p. :M4), On the 
same day Weylnnd abjured th»reMlm. Ilover 
wna tissi^ned m his port of emharkntion, and 
thithi;r the ex-judp-j went with linre feet, 
uucoTtrod head, and cpom in hand {Ann. 
I)un»taplr, p. 'i't'ti. For the ceremonial and 
legal incidetitA involved in the afijnritio 
rtffiti, aee A. Htvillo in Itetme Hut'iriyue, 
1892,1. 1-12). Hh took rtifiige in Kratice 
(LixiiTttrr, ii. 185), I'nliko lialph de IIchr- 
hain [fl. v.] and otlntr judges, hp wan nertir 
pardoned or allowed to return, niii subae- 
gueiit liietory iu exilQ W unkiio^na. 



Weyland'a Rooda and chat tela vrerv far* 
feitcd by the nterp fart of hi^ afajunttlon, ud 
wer« already in the kin(r'» hands. Howe>«i. 
he had carefully provided against thi* com- 
plele ruin of his tamily by Juiutlv fufeolbDit 
tiia second wife, Margaret, and their *on 
Aichard with some of hii< prop^Tty, whilt 
other land.H had been held jointly by him. 
hia elder eon John, and his daughter EIadc^. 
A TigorouM ntU'mpI wait inndu by rJillwrt dr 
Clare,eighiheBrlofOIouceeter[q.T.''. to upset 
this arrang^'Rient with regard to tbe tnanor 
of .Sodhiin.', of which fJloucester wm canjta) 
lard. He urged that there was no pneemU 
for tlio wift- of a felon holding his landi 
duriuff bin life, and thai it would bo a grvat 

frejudice to all enpital lords were this dcine. 
t wAi^, however, d^^cided that the jt^ial 
feulTiufut liadbeeaforDially made, aud judg- 
ment in favour of Margaret and her eiiB wu 
duly given. Sb« wan, liownver, orderpil i 
to give -mpport, openly or ei>cretlr. to 
banished husband { Raf. Pari. t. m-&7 ). 
thif and in Mmilar rosra I'^wanl truwO 
W'eyhind's family with such rigid jurtJctftl 
he ereti di-clined Tfi ael a*iili; lli 
tagium'ihar Weylaiid bad procured of 
beir of John de Neville, though hia 
pleaded that it would now b« die^N 
to marry him Co the felon's daughter < 
02). 

Weyluud wu; twice tDnrried. Though 
Arrhliishop Feckham denied the validity nf 
both of the marringee uf the ex-eubdearou. 
they were nev>>r quMtinned br any otlwr 
authority. Dy hii< lirst wife ne senmi) to 
have been the father nf Thomas and Jobs 
de Weyland, both of whom reUinpd unw 
of his property (lA. i. nl ). By Margaivt at 
Mose, Maze, or nloye«, he w«a the father of 
Richard de Wevland, and probobly aUo of 
his daughter Eleanor. Ilia wife JUaivaM 
died iu 1320 (CnA In'/. poti tntirtcm. i. SlTV 
[Aqu. of Dtiiivtablc (iii. ^0-6). .Von. of Oturt 
(iv. :<2Q), and Ann. of Wnre>^t«r (iv. 1901 is 
Annii!«a Moiiaslici ; Ami. I^jihIdii and Mont nf 
Uulni<'«t>ury iu CUroaiules tVlwan] 1 and Ei- 
wAid H (i. 97, ii. '23^): Pecktiain's Ijeturbp]L 
IS9. »!I2. 963-9. ]). OoCluii. pp. 171-A. Jaka 
OMUvdcB. p. 2T3. all in Itolbt Srr. ; Homitv 
btirgti.iii. I6(l^ngl. Hisi.Sor.l: PoUtical Snap. 
pp. a2+-30 (Uuiinloii Soc.); Rut. P»rl- i. 9, IX 
46-8. 31-3, 37. 4i>. 9«-7; I'srl. Writ*. roL i 
Calendars of I^aicat Bolls, Wward 1 ; Qil. I>k 
Jri-lnml; Ahbrcvintio Rotuloruni *'riginal"i^. 
Abbreviilio I'ljujirorom; C«I. Rotvloram do- 
tATKUi ; Itymcr's Ktsdini, vol. i.: CalMMlsriaa 
Qennto^icTun : Iliigtlale's Mnnaaticoti, vi. ISSS; 
Ei««rpCH • Koi. Fin. ii. 300 RO; Madoi-'s HiR. 
of Iho l^strhv^acr: Ihiirdalv'aOrigiDca Jadimln 
and Climnim 8or. ; Koaa's Jadgrs of Koglaad, 
iii. 170-3 ; Blompfl.ld's Norfolk.) T. P, T,i 



L 




Weymouth 



393 



Whaley 



WEYMOUTH, ViHCOFwni. LSi»Tiitn-kk, 

Sib Tuuxia, tinit viacoiint, 1&IU~17U; 
Tmtnxb, Thomas, tliird viscount, l"S4- 
1796.] 

wirviLTniTTn ,-,t WAYMOUTH, 
OEOIlfU: {jr. hl07). vojiigt'r. cniK'liidediin 
agTei>ini-nl. wirli t!n^ Kiist Imlia C'lriiuiny in 
S»j4(?m1»er IfiOl lumftk^a voyngt'lo tlit'in)!!.!!- 
west for the liiscoTcry ofn pfusii):;^ to Indin, 
liy lltt! t«ruiiof wliich lii'^^'iiHtg^ liuri' }Wl. iq 
pn.'paivliisinsti'iimcnls aud utliiTin'CfA-itLms, 
anu oQO/. if liu dii>(.''jvun'ii lliv piiB8D^>. utliijr- 
wi(* — DotliiDg. Hh KailHifrmn llHK-IilTe on 
2 May lOMwuh two small refisels of "0-and 
60-timti l>urdi?ii n-spntlivtily ami tiiirty-fivn 
tiu^n and hoTS all tnld. The expi^dition in Aaid 
(Prnt'iiAit, ill, »09) inhavt] betn mndual lUe 
cost of the MnscoTy and Turkey fonijmnioit, 
Tliey may have la.k>.-n a 6bare in itie outUy. 
but tliih ulhcial rrc:ord «buws (hut (h« Eittt 
India ('omptLiiv was ri'iillv ri'^p'iiwibk- (ri/. 
State I'npen/Haat Indies, llHJI-L'l. Aftir 
ponviraiiii;; mtav way into Hudson'tt Strait 
Hinutitiyot')ii<t weii,in>liuHt«Hlbv<I<>hn Carl- 
wright, tliG rhnpkin, rompt'Uprf Weymouth 
to rrtiini. IIm i^tt buck tn Pnrtmuuth in 
Sepli-robi-r. Tlie (iiirecf. r&iultJi of his voyage 
WVT» trifling ; but ' be didj I coacwive,' aays 
Lukt" Fnx, ■ lijiliT llnd«on into liijt Strait*.' 
On 24 Nov, lG(y2 he was uxamiocil before 
th« court of Iht* KbhI TndLa Company, which 
then ri'Mlvw! tlini a n«w iittpmpt e^oiild be 
made with thi? two sht]», one of wliicb 
thould bo commandi-d by Weymouth, the 
deiailei of tliu voyiigt; ti> be Bctili-d ufu-r- 
wards. It does not appear tint ibU aittinpt 
got any fuitbor tti&n cliiu resululion. 

In ISOS Wfynnuitb wa* put iti crnniiniiinl 
of tb« Archaii^l, a veeael fitted out for 
timde and dicrnvcfy by ttir F.arl "f Soiith- 
ftmpton and Lord Arundtll of Wardour. 
Bhe sailed from IC&.tcl)>!«iQ ibt- beginning of 
Brarrh, hut did not ck-ar the Channel till 
I April, On the lltU they »i(tlited I-'loree, 
■nd 0T1 14 ytiij m&d^ the land, dtscribi-d ea 
'a whiiiith,«audyulitr,' idi-nl iltud ui> Saukaty 
Head, the '■ustern extremity nt Nautuckct. 
On 1^ Muy ihvy iirrired nl lut iiilttiid now 
identiticd k* .Moiilit-guii, (.■ttjbtv-foiir miles to 
th« nortli-t-ant from Tape Ann, and the next 
daythry found a sniiKftnchorap.', into whicb 
they took thi> ship. A rrmli? was 'juickly 
Mt«bli»hed witii ib- Indians, and a valuable 
Cnrgo orriciiio obtnim-d at a very small cost. 
1 Meuitimti Wfymouth went away iu n bom 
Iknd prt-featly diwovered a largu ricer, up 
whica he wunt for a coiiiidcrubln dislauc". 
lie and thoHe witb liiiu ai<*iiu to Imve held 
this diKCOTeiy to he the [fruat rfsuli of the 
trojag:« ; but from that diiy to thi« do one 



has erer heen abli> to detennine pofliiirely 
what river il wa«^, capable upinii>D in tha 
Tnited 8lat.i-M being divided between tho 
Peuabscot. St, Qeoi^'s Kiver, and ih'j Ken- 
nelH-)?, Havinc gnJ. na miieli cHTgci tu^ lliey 
could carrii', tfit'y ciailed for ICngland od 
liiJune, undarrivedat DiLrlinoiitboii I M July, 
brin^iiif^ with ihcm fivt; IndifLtie, who were 
liftndf d over to Hit Ferdinaado Gorgea [q, v.] 
at I'lymoiith. meymouth i^ortcd plcoj&nt 
climnie, vxcvIlviiliKii], good barbouni, facili* 
tioa for trade ; bjt opinion still set in favour 
of gold and pa^eiuua fitun«.'« ruclivT ihiui uf 
commerce, agrieuUuiv, and hard work, and 
for aeveral years no further notice was taken 
of Weymouth's discoveries. li Jou » iioj 
MBm that Wiiymnnlh Hiyf4 ^Wf !» apttlmg 
tin New En g land coaa t. Tnelsst mvntian 
of bim IS on 21 Oct. lOfJT, whi>n he wu 
grunted a peiuion of lit. Ad. |>er dieai ' until 
»iicli time a« 111? Khatl recvive from his ma- 
jesty some othei" odvencement.' 

[Cul. Suite Piipi'n, Halt Xudiua : PuaJiiui bia 
PiIgrimM, lii. Kilt), iv. 16fi!)- StAvena's Uawr of 
Uritish TraJo lu tin- Eii«t ludiio* ; Rwilot'tTrus 
]Ii>laiiun i>{ thu uust preajierous Voyago mad« 
tbis pnt-ont yo*re ly Capuine t^oorge Way^, 
mautb, 1G05. UacIc Icllar. Thi« imali book ll~ 
vury ram. nnd is quotMl a« hAriDg fetched Mglit 
hunilrekl doLLant at book salioa. It wtia rcprintad 
ill 18K7 fxr Cha (ior^m ISocicly. o>.litrd, nith an 
ictrvduclioii (■"^lu'liiS <> for(y-pnf;o diwruvioii 
of Ihn river i]iic»[ion), by II. S. lliirrupo; BoU] 
knap'a AmtTintn BiogTnphy, vol. ii. ; Wiciior^l ' 
Bixtvry of America, iii. 18^93.] J. K. Xi. 

WHALEY or WHALLEY. THOMAS 
(17<i'l-lHtMH, [risb polilii'ieiii mid eci^entric, 

somt-'tiuit's c-alU-J 'iJiick' or •Jerusideia' 



Whali 

nor ill 



■v, ivn* Iwirn in 17(i(S, probiibly in the 
of Ireland. His lather, llicbard 
C'liRiifl Whaley of Whalley .Vbbcy. co. 
Wicklow. It ittauncb protrittaiil, held con- 
siderable property in lUsIer, and became 
known as ' Bum-t^hapel ' Whnlcy owing to 
Ll* freijiii'iil burnings of cailiolic cbapela 
iu 1708. lie married a woman considerably 
younger tbuu himsi-tf. by wbooi he hud Reveu 
children, rjioniii.t nii.'i the eldest sou. Tho 
eldest duughler, Anne, married John Piti- 
giiibon (Bficrwiirds Enrl of Clare) \}\. v.] on 
I July I78i(. 

^^llea Thomas was sixteea years of agv 
he was si^nt to Paris, and wai* rlii^i* ploeed 
under a tutor who was unable to control the 
Toutb's mania of exlravagnnoe. lit; Imd an 
incumo value<i lit L0,000/, u y^^ar, but re- 
ttorted lo gaming ob a m«anH of meeting bis 
heavy »p(>nse«, Whilo in Psrieibekcpl up 
K town liouiHt iiml a country houae, wbicE, 
many of hid acijuaintanrea mode their liome. i 
At length, having lost in one evviung 14,000f. 



L_ 




I, 



at cArds, be gnve ft bill for th« amotint; on bi« 
liuikor, Lttuuchc of Dublin, wliuditJioitourvd 
ir.snd b« boil to leave Paris, lleaext wvuc 
l.> Ivundoo, and tli(.>iicL< rcturaed iu 17dd to 
1 )iiliUii, ivhcrr, MOon iifUT bin Arrival, hfl tc- 
fc^Hii A carious ynffir. Some friends of liU, 
liesriog of his intention to revisit lh«oon> 
tittcnlt bappfned in vk htm whcrn bf vraa 
Koingt 'o wbicb ht> abrupdr rpplipO ' Ji>ru- 
ulcm.' Upon thi« they irnKvrra liitn » Mim 
variously i-stimat^ at from ir.,(Wi(l/. to 
W.OOUr tbm htf would ncTer T«ac\i ibtr Holy 
City, lie at oam took up tliv wa^vt, aod 
on 22 Sept, 1788 started on his journey. 
IU' n'^turni-'l in Juno 1780, hnviti)* duly. b« 
arnuij^ml, plnyitl ball itfiniiLitl ibi- ivalls of 
JpniMilHin. This n-agL-r madi.' liim fiuoouA. 
IIu immmiiiili'ly n-commpniMd bin notou* 
motif of life in Ouhlin, unil indiil^nl in varioua 
foolish waRer*, wbicii made Uim noloriau«. 
Un OIK- occasion, in Oaly'a Club-houw, Iw 
wagtirvd be would jump from tbe drawins- 
room windows of bif palncr in Stoplwo* 
(tn«n( iww 'liel-^t li"!''; I "i"rairy buildtug) 
into tl>e firat buroiiL'liu Ibat paaat'd, aiid kiM 
its occu^iiiit. Tbi» fi'at he acconliii(;ly pftr- 
fomietl. Alter furlbttr eicapadefl, he ajjain 
went to Pnria, w)it>ru he witDamm mnnv of 
tbvx.'nnivKirthi' It^viilution, but WDMobligml 
to leave dnriuj: ttie height of th« * IXeign of 
Ti-rror,' Hu rvapjwured in Dubliu for atiniv, 
nnil tbonci^ rvtirt>d lo tli» Ule of Man. 
W'baley wtif a member uf llie Irish par- 
liament for y>>ni-«, nnd liwik u sommwtiat 
erratic part in ])o]itirj. He wm elect**! 
member for Newcastle, oo. Itowa, in ITHTi, 
before be wait of agr, and rtprMMil^ the 
OOOBtitueiicy till ITW). From li»7 to 1KK» 
he wu H.P. for Enaiscorchy, and ym bribrd 
Gr»t to rotu for tbu union, uud uftvrwanls to 
vote againitt it ( llARItlK0T0N% Jtijte and l-uU 
t,/ the Iruh *Vaf«/»). 

In 1B<K1, wliil<> ^in!t»ing ihmugh ICngluiid 
on lii.'i wny to London, he caught a nliil], 
which di'volopd nn "Id coni]dnitU— rbeu- 
malic fnTcr. Hu diL^<l of it on 2 Nov. at 
Enutsford in Obesliire. In tbe prenous 
JanoarVr aft4.-r the d«atfa uf n ini«trpM by 
whom he bad hnd ncveral children, be had 
married Mary ratheiine, dau|;Lt«fr of ?;ifthi>- 
laK I.»wl«>iui. first lord Cloncnrry. 

So that bi« carHfr might ]>mv« a warning 
IU Dtliora. Wlialuy wrote his mcmnira in twu 
largiitijunrto viiliiaim, and loft tlimn I'l bi-riub- 
liehed byhlHesecntofB, who, however, did not 
carry out hi» wjelt. They wyre in existeuce 
in manuacript a»> lat^ n.i I8)irt, b>-ing rhi-n in 
tb'j ]>oeseseioii of a firm of London solicitors, 
but sinco Mtm to have disappeared. 

[Fitspatrieb's IrelHad liefure the irnion, ap* 
paadix; Webb's ComjHiU'&twu uf It^oH Btu> 



WHALLEY. 



[.Sei' alao Whalet.] 
EDWAKD (rf. J675( 



WHALLEY, 

re(;icide. wa.-* w:rt»nd»on(if liicliard \Vballiry 
of Kickton and Screvelon, Noti inehnnulnrr, 
by bin aecond wife, Frances, Haii)>bler of Sir 
Henry Cromwell of Hinchtnbroolc, aod aon: 
of the i>rotector, Uliver Cromwvll iNoftL£, 
HoMt of CromWeU, ii. l4l j Thohotdv. \-i- 
fm^AoNuAiVe, i.24tj; CiiEsrHU, Zofu/o 
nafff JJemcv*,co\. 144U). JCit-lianl \\ '■■ 
[q. r.l waa bis great-prandfat her. Edward 
waa brought up to trade imd, according u> 
Heath, became » woollen-draper ; tflow 
roii'alijit accounta deacribc bim aa ' brdcts 
clothier' (He4TH, ChnnirU; p. S72). lie 
took up arms for tbe parliament at tbe begin* 
ningnfthfWar,aadwaapo«»ibly tbe 'Edward 
WuUey'who appears in Ksw^'a amy liA 
oa cornet to Captain Jolm Fieniitot (l*ei- 
CWK, Army Litl*, p. .*o"i. In 1643 be be- 
citme major of CrouiwuU'ii regiment of hon*, 
and disti^uislwd himficlf at (iainsboroaifa 
fight. 'Tb« honour of this rvtreat,' aaid 
Cromwell's despatch, ' is due to Ood, as alw 
all the ml : Major Whalley did in this cany 
bimsclf with all gallantry bocomingagvatle- 
nian and n CliriBtian ' (Cjuiltle, VrvmrtB, 
letter xii). Whnlley fought at Mamon 
Moor, and in 164i is styled lieutenant* 
colonel. On the foncarion of th« new 
rawlel in 164C CromweH'e regiment v»i 
divided into two part;*, and tbe comnsnd of 
one of tlunn was pvtn to Wballry. II» 
served at its bead at Na»i-by, and at tJH 
storming of Bristol, and wa&' sent with (t 
into Ottordebiro iu l>ccviDber 16M to » ar rli 
the moliona of the garrison of <'< ' ' 
(SpKUiUB, Aniffia Redivira,^. 1M4, p]<, W. 
11(1, 174). Hnuhurv gurreudiTed to bin 
on Mar IttJii, ofli^r a alege of eleven w«#kt 
(tA. p. I'nO; Cart, Memoriatt if the CiiH 
War. i, 2^). lie nest besieged WotmMar, 
which fell on "-'a July, but not till Whafley 
bad been superseded by Colon*<) lr->:nt. 
borough. According to Kichanl I 
IbpQ chapluin of Wballwy's regmi. k. 
(Lionel WHS Huperaudod because h' 
a Htrctary, but orthodox io rel- < ti. 
therefurein disfavour at beAdquarii :- 
/i'jui/t Jiajft-riantr, pp. 5tf, 66; !Si:, 
|). ^iX) ; WsBit, Citii tt'ar in Hen-fvrdAut, 

li. 'ft-2). 

WhftlleyV regiment, howervr, wa« full oi 
sectaries, and was one of tbo^e which vA 
tbe leai in opposing the alittraptcd disband 
meuL in April 1847, and WhaJler bima^ 
was very furward in repr«««uting t"iie pirt- 




Whalley 



395 



W'haltey 



amee* of Iiia Mldiers {Clariw Papern, I. 3S, 
36, 58, 70). When 0)nicl Jo^cu et-'ittsi 
CIiaH«« T »t Uoldenbj-, Hir Thoinitx Kttirrnx 
ordernil Wballey and hU TBeiiueiil. ta tnfcr; 
the charge nf the king (i4. i. \'2'2 ; Olil I'nr- 
fifimrnfnry Hisloiy, sv. 101, 109, 4U, 191). 
This led to a dispute between Wtiallt-y qhiI 
thti parliftmcntury commi&nioiicrfi, who or- 
dered bim 10 rc-movo the king'» «pi»»ipliaii 
chaplains, wliicb he declined to do withaiit 
iostructiuuK from bif t^uiK-riiL (i^. xvi. 4(>-9l. 
As the cufttodian of the king hefthowAd liulli 
coiutflsy and finnni<<», and whun Chnrlua 
fled ^m Haoijiton Qmrl hi^ left Wliind bim 
a Iptter thankinj^ XVlialley fur his civility 
(I*, xvi, 3^'T ; Rtsiiwoitiii, vii. 79->, !<W). 
Tb** iiarrtitive of th« kinj;'* fliftiii wliicli 
\\'halley Rare the House of Commons is 
printed in Wclf'fl ' l]cr«id4>Tttta CurioM ' (ed. 
I77i>. p. 371). 

^\ hen the second civil war broke out 
Whiiilcy foiiglit uuiliT Fairfax nt tliu hatlk- 
of MuidBNiiie, wan t lien writ lo piir>ue the 
Karl of Norwich, and 6Diilly took part in 
thr nii-gii iif Ciilclir«lL'r (t'larfif Vaprm^W. 
24-7; GiKniMiK, (iifat C'tril War, iv, 1 li', 
14&). He wns np|iointv(l on H Jan. 1019 
one of the conimi.-i«ionera for tin* trinl of il\e 
Icing, attended every eitiinp with one excep- 
tion, and signed tht^ d4.-ath- warrant (Nalsus, 
Trial o/ Vhark" I ). 

Uurinp the republic W'hallov'a importance 
wa« purolr militnry ; be ndtncr Mtt in tlifi 
I^n^ parliament nor wm lie a member of 
any of the councils of etate. In IH60 ho 
accouipauied Croinwell in hi^ invsKtun of 
Scotland, with tbi' rank nf cmti miasary- 
^enerul of the boKe, Jind played u prnmiaeut 
|Mirt in ihr bnltbt of Itiinlmr, wb^ri' b<; whk 
wounded and hnd his h'lrse kilh'd under 
him (!\Srmntri"if 'Sir H.SIimi'f-<i nnit Vnptnin 
John Hofiff.'Mi,'M. leOrt, |ip! -J-li^, aOH; Port- 
lanrt AftiS. i.fH)8; *'akltle, fVowif!-?^/. letter 
cxl). In Oct«b«>r ItWiO Wiinlley was posted 
at Carlisle to waicb Ibo reniontitmnrn undi'r 
Kerand ^tracban hi south-wc^t Scotland. 
He tried tu coovert ibu Iradent by emit ro- 
Terstal letter*, which failing, he niui.sted 
Laiuhurt in defuatint; Kor at Hamilton na 
1 !)«;. IC^iO (A. p.S:tlJ; I'aKT-vi.e, Crvmirrit, 
letter cliii ; Merruriua Piiiitien*,]). -I'iU). In 
16A1 he acj.''tmpanied Cromwell in hiii pui^ 
■uit of Oharif!) If, and fought nt WorciN^l^r 
on 3 Sept, {Old J'arliamefitftiy Hitloiy. xix. 
611). 

nliaUey presented the petition of ibc 
army to parbament on 13 Aug. Itt63(tfi. xx. 
97), appioTtxl of tltP expulsion of thu par- 
liament by Cromwell, aitd was au active 
BUpporter of the protectorate. In the two 
paruamenta call«<l by iJr- I'roLector liu reprif 



I fitmred Notting'hanuhire, but took little part 

in tbcir dehatua, vxcvpt ou the ca.-)e of Jauiea 

Noylor [q.v.]. the Quaker, agatnat whom he 

was extrumi'lv xealout) (Uiniox, £>iary, J. 

101, 1/53, ItM))! A bill draliugwilhrhediTi- 

eion of commons washis sole altemjil at legia- 

Intion (lA, i. 1 7o). AVhen thr major-gpiicrai* 

were 1*1 abliriied, Whalley was appointed to 

take charge of the counties of Lincoln, Notts, 

Dcrb^-, \\'(irwiLk, and Lpice^t^jr {Al Oct. 

IU6&"; Mabpox. tiff <>/ Miltm, v. lit), and 

was very active in isuppressing alehouses, 

ejvctiug Hcandaloui) iniuittvr#, and taxing 

c^ivaliera (,/J/e of Cohnel JluU-Aiii*on, eJ. 

I88r», ii. 201, HM). Many of Whalley'e let- 

U-rK during his t«nurw of that cnimnand are 

printed in thfi • ThuTlne Papers' (rohi, iii. 

IV.} Whallev disliked the )tropu»Ltl revival 

of ibe poyal title in lil57, but approved of 

the rest of the petition and advice, und waa 

madu one of the meinbers of tbi; mw House 

of hordu ivtublivhed in December 1657 

(liriiTOK, ii. 43; Thlhijoi!, vi. tstW). Tha. 

ri-pnbliciin uamphluleor who dnw the dkl 

rm-Iers of tltD new lords (.ould tiiid lillte t9 

I tiiy to bis discredit, save timt he was no 

greiit zwiliit for the cuniw {Hnrlrittn Mufvt- 

la»y, ed. Park, iii. IM, 4t»i'). In Ifififti 

Whalley bad a violent iiuarrel with Colonw 

A.<)hfleld concirrning the merir.Hof the secondj 

chamber, for which Uichard Cromwell 

threatened to cashier Aabtield (LctiljOW, 

I MfmoirK, cA. 1894, ii. fil). Ho Bnpportcd 

I ]tic'bard against the army, and would have 

I fought for him had not his regiment refund 

I obedieuiMj to bis order* (ifr. ii. tJ4, 09). -■Va a 

kinsman of tbe l*rolector He was naturally 

; diotrufitcd, and the rc£tun>d Long carlia- 

I m<-nt gnv-ai tba; command nf bis regiment to 

its major, Kobcrt ywnllow, and negatived 

the pri>pi'Ksl to appoint Wlmlb-v to atKilhi-r 

t.Ci,m>n(ina' JoHiiialii, vii. 7W). On 1 Nor. 

the army penuaded ^\ bailey to go as it* 

I n^nt to Scotland in ordur to tneduil« witti 

I Ueaeral Monck, but he met with oo sticceaiij 

' (True Nnivatit^ nf the Pmctniings in Par^ 

I iinnuTit, Arm;/, ifcfrum '2'2 Styt, ICa'J, -Ito. 

p. «3: IUkkr, VhronieU, ed. Phillips, p, 

■ aoo). 

I TliA Ri'^toratiiiti madu Whalley't) position 
j deeperatft. He lost by it the estate of Sib- 
thorpe, piircba»ed from (he IHike of Nuw- 
paallen trust(ri>'*, and the manors of West 
Walton and 'j'orrington, which he hud 
bought when the i|acen'8landa wcrp i«old, in 
addition u> lands in Scotland worth 600/. 
per annum, which the I^oog parliamvnt had 
given him (Noble, ll'mw of Crijmtiftl, ii. 
147; Lfulow, Meniair$, i. i!*-6; Vinnmiiinl 
JourtiaU, vii. 14). As a regicide who did 
not uWy the proclamation for the nurrender 




AVIialley 



396 



\\"hallcy 



of tlie lale kind's jud^e, he wae excluded 
from tWnct uriiidiMnnity, andliul iiochftncn 
ftf life if h.> wer*- cnptimM. On 'Ji Sept. 16fl0 
the goremmunt oHort'd n rowiird of 100/. for 
hi»um'-*t (KKSyrrr, ftff/Utfi; y. •2fH). Bui 
before lliiswus iiibiied WtiaU«v, in company 
with his ■on-in-Uvr, MAJor-grnoral Willtikm 
GoOb [q. v.]. hnd luudud nl Boston. lu 
MaKh JttBl tha^j rtmovE'd to Newliavpn, 
and i» Octolwr lO&l to Hadlity, >In)>»B- 
" liiwettjt. At fint Kirk and Kellond, two 

_\ak merchtMtA sent otlt bv Charlea II 
to W>cun> ihtrlr am-«l, found littlx li«l|i in 
the ooloniex, nod, thniifrh long oUigeil in re- 
main iu strict concmfmeot, tlio two rfgi- 
ddea wercncTerbeCmvcd. OnfiSept. l««i] 
tti« coinmls»io Iters of the united colonies 
pul)li«l(>-'l a rli-clumlion D^raiust bnrboiirinff 
eithtiT of ihom, but it remaiutid a dt^ lol l«r. 
In I6O0 tbe commiMionera sent to look into 
the govcrntnvnt of tbc American co)oni«'a 
were directed I0 aearcb for lb«ui, bul. tbe 
acarcb was «)uallv fniitle&t. A detail«d 
account uftliL- wundcrtni;* of WhulU'v and 
lti9H>mpanion,i)ftiii>iriilai^-«(ircon['i?nlme)it, 
and of till' difliTont local lradilion«rcMHK-liu^ 
thcui, i« i-ontfliiipd iti tin- ' Histofy of Tliri"r 
of tbo Judges of Charles I,' bv f.tn Stiles 
(H«rlf..nl,i;fl4!. 

A li^tliir from fioffa to his wife in 1674 
describ(>s W'hallej as still alive bul ex- 
tremely infirm, ' lie 19 scare* capable of 
mny rational discuurae, bis und«rataadia|i;. 
mc^mnry, and speech doth xi much fail him, 
and SL'L'inti not to lake much notice of any- 
thinff that lit i-ilhiT dtini^ or cnid, but. 
Ml lently bears all things' (SriLiK, p. ll^t. 
Th» date of bis death 1* uncertnin, bol. it is 
evident from the, remaindtTof the h^ttiT that 
it cannot have been long delaTpd. The slone 
bearing Ihc letters ' h, V,'? supposed to 
have been erected ovi-r Uia rt^niaiiie at .New- 
harm probably marks the tomb of a diSe- 
Tentpen^u(8iVAai:, Omealitfficaf Dictionary 
«f ^&U! 'J-Mijlati<i, iv, 4i)3). Whalley mnr- 
ried (1) Judith, dflugbti>r of John Du'lfoU of 
Koclieater; (2)iMiiry Middh-ton. Ily binHnir 
wile ho had, hoaidefl other children, a win 
John, wli'j mnrriiL'd n rlnuf^bt^r of fSir Herbert 
Sprinpatt; and a ilaughtrTFruncM, who mar- 
ried Jlnjor-tjencnil William i.io\'Ci:(J'i*{tfit>on 
of X<itti»ghmn*iiir^, IJarl. S^c. iv. IIH; 
Nichols, Ldtxniershire, ii. 7yU). 

Miyor-pencral \Vhal!ey'» younger brother 
Ueury, who was an attonmy in C^uildhall in 
I61JH, WHS admitted to limv'* Xnii oiiitSt-pt. 
ItilD.and wn^UMpuintedin Manrh llSo^oneuf 
the judges of the Scuttijili adinirnlty wmrt 
(> wrsit, Grav'f Inn lUginter ; Report on the 
huka 0/ P»rt'lawr.* .VSS. i.629). In lOW 
lu waa advocate-general of the army in 



Scotland, and was etnployed to i-xiimin<! 
ttviTlon'n plot (TRURLOPr, iii. 'JQo; UlKIot' 
Diary, i. SAtJ, iv. Ifio). He represented the 
counlieE of ^Ldkirk and l*wbles in thv par- 
liampnlJ) nf ItfAft and lOAO. Whalley vt, 
no great IJriead of fireedom of opioiou} ia 
1654 b« WAS concenied in the nupprvMoa 
of (he itacovian caiechidm, and in \*&7 ec- 
doavoured to induce parliament to aunpreM 
an astrological work (AlAsaox, Life of XH- 
toH,m. i-2:i, 4.18: UuaiON, /Jury, i. 80,806). 
He married Itcbeeca Uulfell, a sifter of hu 
brullifr'a Itrnt vrifv, 

[A lil'o i>f VVhallcy i% givoo in Nobk'sLm* 
»f tlio iiogicide*. and in iho ht»ory td iki 
Whalhjr family cootaiDod in to), ii. «)f Kohkli 
Momotn of the ProttSTtonil Hoaae of Croraw^ 
IK>(;u(iiciii>' niaiing lt>hi« uxilc in N*" ^im\ai 
are to tie fonn J la llio eivltcciiouii of Iba i£u^ 
cbuwlU ili»tonc«l Society. 3rd nvr. i. 60. itk 
uer. riii. 1211, and in the llutcbimtoa fh^ 
published by tbo Princa Sticicty.- vol. ii. 
.-du) HuicbiuM>DV HiHtory of Mnjwacbuiwtta: 1 
Calendar of Cotontnl State Papen : Etn Stik. 
History of Three ef the Judjiu of Charlta ! 
Ilnriford, 1794^ Noim and Queries, 4lli ear T 
AVI, iSthter. v. Hi. vii. 81.1 C. B.F. 

WHALLEr, HEORGE U.VMMOXU 
(lNi:;-l^rS), jmlincian, born on 2.'^ J»fi. 
16['A, nan the itldeit son nf Jami>s AVballt-T, 
a mcrcbant and ban iter of Gloucester ritT.bt 
his wife Ktiiabetb, daughter of llicLirJ 
Moms of UumUill, Ciliniwtt'-Tihire. V4a- 
caled at University College, London, wliere 
h** gained the lintl pri^f for rhetone uid 
metnphyiiiCH, he fnlcrt-d (irmy'a Itui on 
I'U April iH^rt. was culled lu the' bar ia 1S3S, 
and vnior IhiiDxford circuit. From lR36to 
lKJ7 be acted ns an n.4<i.itant tilbe coe- 
tniuioner. lie poi>ite«wed great knowlMlgPtd 
the law of tith<M. and l»ctw«m 1S34 and 
1843 wn-te weekly articles on tithe oobubd- 
tatiou in the ' Jnstice of the I'eace.' IVr 
ulso appeared 8cpaialelv in serial form, u 
18.% he published ■ The Tithe Act and tb« 
'Htbe Amendment Act ; with Explanstisf 
Nutea . . . togvLhcr with thn Knport of die 
Tithe Commiaainnera ' (London, ^ro) : and is 
the fiillowing year inued sepanitely 'TV 
Tithe Amendment Act' (l^ndon, lifnMi. 
In ItMH be enlarged liis treatise under tbr' 
Tiiltt 'ThL' Tithe Act and the Whole of lif 
Tithe Amendment Acta . . . with a Tm- 
tise on the Itecovery of Tilbe Itfnl 
Charge ' (London, l:hn<0 ; and in ll^ 
another edition apiiear<-<l which he hadpm' 
pared, entitled >Tlie Whole of the Tilbt 
.\rt« to the I'fvseul Time ' (ljond«n, \'2xti 
The latent edition, revised ^ George Pm- 
berton Leach, ajipeared in 1890 (Xjondcit, 
8vd). 



Wludley unauccaiwfultr conteated Leo- 
inin»terin 1^} and Mout^niL-ry in 1)^3 : 
but on (( I)rc. IB-'ilJ 111- wiin r«tiim«i fur 
PeterboroDgli in the liberal inCereM.. In 
Mat IHM he wns unaefll«d nn pftitixn, but 
WHS apiin returnee) on SO April IkAO hI tbe 
geoeral elvctiou, an«l retained bis seat until 
bis doatb nin<!t«vn TOitn I&tpr. DuriTij; the 
Jsmini.- of 1^7 be r*(Kl>Ii«b«d RitUeri'V in the 
wt-*t Af [r«Ian(l,&n(l inhi^y&cbt oxplar^dtbe 
fisbin^ bankn olT Ltie uN»st, recQJTing fur bif 
nerricjwtbftthftnkiiof tbeBriliBh AModation. 
In 195^ ho wu appointed examiner of primtv 
bills for partiKintiiit. In l'*'i:{ hf inlnxbicwl 
a )jin fnr' Abnlifthinff rnmn] it te^s assConil. 
for Priraie Hill LeRislatign,' nod in 1865-8 
Aaotb«r for 'Aboliitbing TiirnpikAX in Kng- 
land.' He Hrved the oRice of sberiir of Car- 
turvomhire in 185^, and was ul^o dcpiity 
liButenant of Denbigbsbire and nptacn oT ttiL> 
D«nbighi>hirB yeitmnnrr. At the tinii* of the 
Crimtsan nvar Iil' voliiiitL-crml the Korviou of 
bi« Ironp, and niceivrd tlwtbankiiof tb« war 
office. Whalley wuh ii.n ardent proteatant, 
•ad niadi5 bimiielf noloriim* bv thn frvtiuvncy 
And birtt^m^^t of bis dprnmeiations nf the 
JMuite, wbom ho suspected uf all tDHnnoT of 
jnrrigui'^, lln- wiirnityt-spousfid tbflrauM nf 
the Ticbborntt LOaimaiit, and was eo intem- 
pcrut*' in liis advocacy tliat he WM commilfed 
to ymta by l^)rJ-chii*f-jni'iice C'ockbum f"r 
conl<*in|il fif court. He died on K (let. 187H 
at Kin); \ViiHam*s Tower, near Llangolinn in 
Deubi^1i«liirL', and vna buried on \'2 tk-l. in 
the family vault at Ituiibnn. Hemarrictlnt 
"Br'ighlon, on 2') .Tun. 1840. Anno Wakvfiuld, 
eldt-Hi (Iiiughlcr nf Kirhnril .Allree of Blaek> 
moor, ^Ibome, llampsbire. Bjr bar he bad 
B son and two dsiit^hlxn'. 

[Nirliri)iui*R AiinnU of CcinntiMi nnd Cnimlr 
FwtiiliCT. of WiiKt. 187-S, i. 116 ; Trnr*. fl Ot-t, 
18(S; L»v Timpf.. Vi Oct. 1878; Wrtiham 
Adrertiwr, 12 Oct. IH7H: PftBrbiirotwh A.lvcr- 
iiMP. I? 0«. 1878; Lliiiijpitlaii AiUpniser. 
II Oct. 1878; Offlciftl H«tum of Mtsmbi-rs of 
Parliuoent ; Himaanl'* r*rliaiii*ntJiry Dehales.] 

KI.C. 

WHALLEY. JOHN (1663-1734), 
r]uark, l.lui mn of ii rrnmwcllinn adrmturftr, 
was ijom in Iwinnd on '2Q Apri] 165S. He 
was a shvemakor by trade. He cume to 
Ihiblin in lt^2, whire bn e^tabli-^hi-d liim- 
eelf as a compounder of iinivenal medicine.", 
and f^ined A reputation OA a Dccromunci-r ' 
and as a compiler of pniph^^tic almanacs. I 
So groat TS'BS his fume tliitt tli« aullirjrilies 
consulted him cono-minK >ht< whup*abuulii 
of tb« Duke of .Momoonrb. In IKKM Ik- 
•W118 placed in the pillorj* for a political 
oAVrnOo, and sonntwbnt roiigbly mu-d by the 
qowd. He was very iinpopidar irttli the ' 




natiTe Iriab, whom !ii< jx-rpetually sieaited 
wi(b abuEe, and wicb cbf lEotnan catbolleji, 
wbo«' relipun hf constantly denouileed, and 
dwrinc ibe Jn«obito aMcnilency in Dublin Uv 
witlnhriw lo England to avoid ^tinii>hmt'nt. 
L'urin^r bin .'iojnurn in tlint country lut be- 
CMtn« a coffee-liouHij kit.'iM.T, but aflcr the 
Rnnclii»ion of the Irish war In- rufiiriiod to 
Hdhlin and took up ht» rffiideiiri' iii: ibo 

• nittw post, next door lo tlm Wheel of For- 
tune, on lb« west side of St, .Stephen's 
Gfeen,' where he nu»ini>>d bi?t practicv ' iii 
phTfiok and malbeiiisti(;kH,' and regularly 
published bis antrulogical almiuiau, »tybd 

• Vox L'rani,' a titli; whieh he chmnivd* to- 
wanb th« cIos« of bis life lo • .Xdvirn from 
the Stara.' In 1fi87 and HH^ tli»« nnnnaU 
wern compiled intbeintor«*tB of tht^ lioronn 
eatbolira whfl were llien donnnanl in liiiblin. 
llefQi'fl leys Wballoy removed to Nioholaa" 
Htrt'er, next door lo ihu Heece tavern, 
where in ITOl ho transloted * Ptolemy's 
(Quadripartite, or four booka cooceniiiig tbo 
influences of the stara. Faithftilly i^nderM 
into English from I>w .■Vllacius''(l.flndon, 
lOmo), of which a sernnd T^risi'd edition wkh 
published by Maiioah Sibly ^i|. v.] in 17^6 
(London, 8ro). Ele alao iuned, wiib n pre- 
rac«, dntvd from hie bouse in Xicbi)la&' Street 
inJannnry 170l~-.>, ' A TfMlisB i>f I-Vlip«»* 
(Hublin, li'mo). In I70S h« waa living in 
Pfitrick Street, at Xo. 1, a houao built in ihe 
old Whli. and he finally renioviHl to .Vntndel 
CoHrt.ju^t without St. Nicholas' Gat<>. In 
1 71 1 John Mercer, a cnalMlcalor, commc-nced 
a prowcutioii againfet him for havin); printed 
as on address to parlinment the ca«t' of 
several poor iuliabitonts of Dublin agaiiutt 
Mercer as an engro«i>>r or fomtalkr of coal. 
Wballcy, however, obtained relief on peti- 
tioning tliK Him^o of Commons, who direcl<'d 
procwdings to bt^ token against >IeT«iT ■ an n 
common atid noloriousi clii-nt.' In 17H ibo 
aKtroloKflr startwl ' "Wlmlleya Nnw* letter, 
containing a full nnd particular Acmnni of 
Foreign nnd ItomMiic NewM," This news- 
letter contaiiwd weekly supplemental, in which 
somu leading cttieen wiw growily «a[iri^^->l. 
These scurriU'ita attacks were advortistsl be- 
forehand, and fiv<(uently procured Whaller 
hath-money, t hough neea.'nonally they eanmd 
him a liDwuwliippinu instead. 

Whnlleydied at Dublinion 17 Jan. I7?3-I. 
SwiftV line* on John Partridge [ij. v.", com- 
mencing 

Here. Hn foot deep, lies ou bte liacfc 
A cobbler, slarmon^r, and quack, 

were adapted to Whall^y nnd circulated 
through the city. By hi^ will, pritite<l in 
Evans'* ' History of Irinh .\Imanacs,' he be- 



1 



atiMlhvd all h\» pnsMMiMi* lo his wife Mary. 
\tt»e Wlikllov'i d«aU>, Jeminy 11<m-t. at ih*' 
' •^i(;n '>r ill" Mi'TCiinr,' piiMiihod fur »oiiie 
yfun t «])iirioin cdittoii of Wlinllejr's iil- 
tHAnv, Ihii hit tval wtccf**or vnn lit* 
fnvuurili- apprvnticr, luAC lUitliT at Pitriek 
KlRet, Kt tor cumvr of ilull All^y, who, 
hum ITSu, riMilmti'nl WhAlloy'^ almnnac 
until Ii!b own (IvBtli. U wnt «fterw&rd» 
tfik'-ii Mp by •it(>th«r iLMn>lo;f«r. 

JhwidiMt the works nlnwily meiitioDod. 
Whall>>y wan th« nuthnr of* An Accoant of 
tbo iirr*t Krlina^ of ib« Muon ... on 
29 Autf. 171^.' Tn« nritUli Muwtiin cuntaiiu 
a ro{>y of an altoMiac onpiled by him during 
bi)> Hojourn in Kiif[Und, and pHbUt<ht^l ia 
liOnil'^D, entitlcfl * KtutUnd'* Mrrcury, or 
. . . iiv RphcmiTif for IWO.' Another oop^ 
i« in tlui lliHllpiiui Libnij. S«T»rftl of a» 
Iriali olmtnnc* &r» in tlw library of Trinity 
a>llo|p<. Mtihlm. About m« aUo ■ For- 
dnnuch Cr'Dnlr ' Dompo«4Nl a Mtirr in verse of 
thirty-oaa ata»u» on hint in relaliatioo for 
hij haTin); raiiai'il thp banrH bro4)irr (o bn 
proOMilt^'d and hanK>?<l. 'I'hiasiitimi'ipriiili^l 
in Krir in the intro<liirtion to Dr. John 
O'lViiorau's edition of Aoaeus O'DnlvV 
'IVibra of Iroland.' P.'iviomgh O'Daly'a 
imprecauooB are lO maliKnant rbnt Ihepoipm 
liaa iit<T«-r been randeTMl into Engltali. 

INotas kindtr fnraiilwd by Hr. Jotio UcCall : 
WliBlI»y'« WorJti : adbtrt'* Hirt. of tha CiiT of 
DnbUa. ISM. t. ISS-M : P. J. UcCaH's In 'th« 
BluutA* of St. Pntridt. 1 89 1 . pp^ 1 7-32 : 0'lhily's 
TribM "f IreUn.!. *d. O'Unnaran, 1RA3. pp 27- 
93: JJaa^cnalliauof [ri*h P*rioOi>r Lit. ia«7, 
i. SSB-AI : BriU Hna. Cht.] E. I. C 

WHALLEY. PETEU (1722-1T91), 
auiliar and editor, waa thr ton of IVter 

^\'hsllel' of Hu((by. and waa bom on t' Sept. 
iri'l', T?cIon is Raid to bavi- bwu bii- birth- 
plan* {Sf^utif* of Kofflmtd, ' Northniiipl on- 
diin*.' p. 177), ft"' wa.1 at Merchant Tnylora" 
school from 1731 to 17*0, and in June 1740 
wanf lect4'd to a 6cholar?hip at St, John'n Col- 
ic^, Oxford. ilt> urnditat*^ M.\. m 1744, 
and proeeedod B.C.I., in 176*^. In X'AA he 
was elected to a fvllowsliip at Hx. Johu'a Col- 
Ifgv, and held it for some ypars. For a time 
he kept a arho(}l in Nurt1iamp1onahir« and 
probauly at Court rwttliall. lie al«o held th« 
Tiennig>> of ^t. S^itiilchre, Xortbampion. 

In rOO Wballey siioowdwd Jatnaa T.iwn- 
loy (1714-17781 fq.v.l in Urn post of upper 
^rrammar master at Curist'a Hoapital, aad n- 
laiued ii until the atimm»r oF li76. SabsA- 
'{unitly.it i««aid.h«wasniaHt«rofSt.Olare'fl 
Bi-bf^il, Sontbwark. He was nppointed on 
6 Feb. 1766 by the corporation of ibc city of 
London to th« rectory of the united pariahea 



of St. Har^r^ Patlons oDd St. Gabrit^l, F«a- 
cliurch ^ir^'^'t, London : and in 17t>S he vk 
pw*onteit by nhri»t'a Hospital t<i titr \-i[Tir»g» 
of llork-y in SurrvT. B Jtn Uicm- prt;fi:nu£at« 
he ri'tainrd until liia death. 

\Vhallt>T mnrTi«d,an 16 Jan. ITftr*. B^tKf 
Jnroba of Liiit IjinpCrwif. Mnr/. nHH.ji. ii), 
and.owinplrtluT extmvnffnncc. was in lattf 
lif« inx'olved in pecuniarj dilUculty. 11* 
liT^dfijr aomumontluteoDeMled in itteboiiM 
of kia friend Francis Oodolptiin Waldraa 
[q.v.], but hi* hidinit-place wna diicuvrrrd 
and 1h> flwd to I'land^rs. Afti-r a few nonlkf' 
rMidence ther« he di«d at (>»ti-jid on 1? Jos* 
170L nis widow aurvived nniil in Maicli 
1803. Hi* porlniit, drawn by IlardincaaJ 
eil^T»<d by Kidler, ia in IlaidJDg'a ' $h^e> 
«pe«r<.' Ill I lat rated.' 

When IlenjaminRuekUrfq.T.jclaeUiiedai 

17-^ the labour of preparing fir piihlintiM 

tht> nianutcripta of John Bridge* (I69&- 

I I7:f4> ^q. T.]oa the hiatorTof Xonhaigpiin* 

I ahirc, the taak fell to \Vball«y. Tb« foil 

talume of Bridgcs'a ' History and Aniiqictks 

, of Norlltaraptonsbire' waa brought out bj 

j Wballey in 1763, and t1ie> firat nartof tlie 

M«ODd Toliimit appearofl in 170(1. A pn»- 

tricted d«lay then ennied.and tb« printtr 

madt> a freab appeal for money to the ^^ntle- 

men of ihe county. Further aaaiataaM vai 

found, and the Bnislwdworkat but caneMt 

in 1791 in two folio Tolnmea. 

\\1iall.>T edited in 17fi6 'Tho Worki of 
Ben J>in»on in aeren Toliimva,' and xht 
edition was reitsucd, aji far as regards tbt 
drauintic works, in conjunction with tluw 
( of BoAumont and Fletcher, in 1811. n»4id 
liltlf for his author, but the memoir of Jon* 
aonwaa 'not. injudicioua in thr main,llK>ii^ 
I eompoeod lo a atylu unwuth and antiqualfli' 
Waldron, in bin Mitton of ' Tb* Sad Sl»^ 
herd' (t~**3), repnxluced his friend'a anno- 
tation», with ' xuiipltjmwntal notes' (pp. 113- 
HOl, ^Hiallfy went on with proparatinw 
. for a second edition of Jonaoo'e woHn, 
which Waldron comneneed pubUahutf ii 
I7i*'2 in numbers. The iasuc t-toppcd with 
, the second nuni1>er. Whnllf'r'!> com<ui 
I ccwy cnmv into Uiflbrd't hands (Joi 
aiSbrd, 1W6 ed . pp. 60-71 of ' Ml 
WhalleyV oripina) worka compriae : 
PIiMuiy on the Maimer of AVriting niilnrr* 
(anon.), 1746. 3. 'An Entiuirv into ill 
Learning of Shakevpvarv,' 174t^. 3. Tmd 
eatinn of the RvidMioee and Authenliciti 
the Ooapela ft<om the Ol^tiona of tlui \ 
Lord Boliafrbmko.' 1753. IILa library ' 
sold in 179^. Before leaWni- England h* 
eoUivted subscriptiona of a guinea mi^ for 
a work on ihv roral boapitala of I^ndoOt btt 
it nvt'sr appeared. 



[Pcnter'aAlcinKiiOxon.lTl^-lf^BSi Ri>bin»on'« 
SIwHi^iil Taylor*' Schnol, ii. "9; G<>nl. llaa- 
1781 i. 588, ii. 773, 1803 i. 293: Tnlloive'g 
ChrivI'vHcaptUi, f. 533: Ni«ho1s'f Illui^tmtiots 
of Ut. ill. .^31-34; Niirhob's Lit, Anocdot^R, ii. 
lOT-S. iii. 643. viii, 348-9.] W. P. C. 

WHALLEY.IIICIIAIEl) (1*199 P-1583), 
pnlittrian. born dboitt IW9, wmi the only 
eon and Luir of 'nKHun.* Wlinilfv ol' Kirk- 
tnii, \ortin;t!iflmfibirE7,tiif lii.t wife Elizabotli, 
ditiigliler ofJulin Hlrtlirv of Wo'idWrouj^li 
in ttii> NimtT POiiiHy. Ut" wm no ilotiht 
re1at«il to tTie Wliullyy of Sctuvetou wbo 
was pUveician to llvnry VII, und jKinu- of 
-whiMr mr-iiiml TeceipCi nm eirant in the 
BoJluian (Hati-UnKn MS. X 398, f. 72). He 
U ftlio nitiA tn hiivi'i b'^ti reUtod to I'mtftctor 
Soroori^t. lie vraa educated at St. Joho'e 
CoUegu. Cambridnir, but. doe* not siHim to 
hnvB takwn s d«gn'e. Hii was introduced ut 
court, wlnT** III' itiftmtialfJ hrmwlf with 
Henrjr Vin by liia gmca and jilfill in martial 
ex^-rciws; be wan oiu' oflhH 'young p«iillo- 
men ' who Jittz-ndftd Sir Tliomas I^ovidlV 
fiiEeml pn Jo May ir)24, and ibrpii ywir* 
IftWr scenipi to hnvp bopn pmployed by rmro- 
vt'U in buBiuefts relating to moiiBBlenw dis- 
SoWcd bv Wolsi-y (/W/c* atut Paj^fr^.W. 
IGO. Nofl. .'^H3ri. .W49. (S033). In |r.30 he 
^»i» enj;^^d in visiting ]<r*»cT mono.*ti'rie!« in 
!Li>i(.'e«iiir?hirc, and on Jiilv l5-'tS he wae 
placed on lb« commiMiioTi or tlio peace for 
the North liidin^ of York^birp. Hu also 
pruc-lieid law, uinj vra* pnidtTvcutyitbiUintrc 
for Iti« wtrvioes aa coimsel at the York 
SCHsions during ibu trinl oT the northimi 
reb«ls. On 2n I'Vb. ITtSft-O hit was panted 
tlKJ fiilft of tbe diiipolved Wplbi'ck Abb'v 
and other lands, und on 2.'i July IBlfl hn 
obtaim'd rhc manor of Silrthoqi. 

Durinft tbe ]>rotsctoroti« of Sijraur!".'! 
TiVhallcy npptars to havo «tiftrtHl with Sir 
John Tbvimo [q. v.] the office of Hlpward to 
the diikp. a poflition which, eouidr-d with 
his intri^uinR diapoflilion, brou;fUt hitu into 
promint>neB. On irU(!t.]o47howa9rotumed 
to parliament as mumbcr for Ht.'arboroii(:li , 
and b" wiw appointiMl a commissioner of 
oIiantricR under rhu act pawed that y«ar 
(Lk&CK, Ewituh SchiioU, p. 382); h» wait 
«l*o crown rvcfivorfor Vorkuhirf!. Tn April 
1549 Cecil reJjuestBd his aid in obtaining th« 
firant of Wimbledon manor, which Qu^<*n 
Cathttrine Parr bad bald ibr lier lifelime, 
"but Whalley secured it for himsfir{TrrLCn. 
i. i;"6-7. miadttttjd ISSO). He was on« of 
tlw I'rotHclor's iidherBnta whom Sir Anthony 
Winpfield [q. t.] was directed to arree'l 
at Windsor on K) IM. 1^40. but be had on 
the prpvioiifl day been sent by Somf^rset to 
the ducheea at fieddiugton, and hu uwd 



L 



l.be n^pitit to ronvtfv n RoodEy poiiion of the 
duke and ilui-heA.s'.H i^od.t to hia own hou" 
at Wimbledon. On '2i) .Tan. i:.Ji)>&0 
and Oci! w.-r*' l)ound in roco^isances 
a thou«und umrki'. Wnrwitk now sought 
to enliKt Wlmllcy's, es ho did Oeril's, sup- 
port, ind ill tUv roUowiutr June warned biui 
aj^inst Somerftpt's endeavour.*) to r>-giiin hia 
[WKitioii iib, ii. 31-4, mifidatiHl ]u-jI>. 
VVhfllW. bowevpr, r«mftin«(f btithful for the 
time, and in February IiiOO-l was enswi! ' 
in primmrin^ n riitiri<in*>nt among' llionoVuit 
for ftiHtoring Soniercet to tlio piMtvctorehip ; 
in LbevvvntofautxesaSomenetiBiuiprobablTl 
Baid to have inl-(»ncled crciting Wball^y c*n' 
of Nottingham ; a patent is even araicd to 
h«T» been mnde ont ( Nowle, ilniue tj/ O/wn- 
tctU, ii. 13t*). Whalley'a intrigue eamc to 
the notici' of the council, and ou lU F«b. 
lie wufi eotumilted tu ihu Fle<:t prison. JIv 
wax released ou "2 A[>ril, but wa« bonnd in 
the heavy yum of a thuiis.ind pounds. On 

18 ll(-t. rollowinjr,twii dny* after Soi]ii<r«<-t '« 
Heennd arrt'Ht, Whalley was H«nt tn thn 
Towf^r. lie wax rt'iietitodly exnmined with 
a viiiw to procuring ''vidi-nc* ngainHt .'^onier* 
set, and his fidelity broke down under the 
pre.*iiuty> put upon liira. At tbi- Protector'* 
trial on I i>ec. ^\'halley waa "ne of the 
principal witncft»oa opAinxt biin {liar!. MS, 
■J194). I'erbiips ad n ruwiiri! Whalh-y hiiii- 
leif was not brought to Irjiil, but. Le re- 
mained in the TowiT until June l/>o2, when 
he was forceil to surrvuder hia roeinverBliip 
and fined to such an extent Hint lie had to 
part with Wulbeck, AVimbltidon, and other 
manors (Iador, Ilitul ration', i. 170, mi*- 
dated 1651). On 19 ^ept. foltnwing hewaa 
<inco nion; Bent to the Tower on a cbarire 
of porulalion ; arcnnling to Edwat^ \ I, 
A\ halley confeased to these intitdemeanoun), 
but thai bii* offencea were chiefly political 
seems probable from thi* ftict thnl he wan 
rclcftscd itnmrdiatcly upon Queen Marys 
iicceftsion fO Auif. I->j!t)- 

In tbe parliament that met on 2 April 
lo-'4, VVhalicy sat for Eaflt Grinet'tiad : on 
tin Oct. following and on .10 Supt. liuVi be 
was returned for NoltlnKhamshire. He in- 
stituted fi suit in the cmirt of e-xchflquer for 
his rfwtorntiou to th*> receivership of York- 
shire, but tho privy council intervened on 

19 Fell, lo-'ifv-fi, and decidnl against him on 
tho ground of his eurrendftr in June \T>T)^. 
On 3 July l-^til, however. Eliinbelh granted 
hint the moaior^ of Whatton, Hawki>wonh, 
and Towton, and be \n »aid to havi- berai 
verj' rich when ho died at tho age of eiirhty- 
fouron^S Nov. ir>B.S. Hv wa« buried in 
Screveton church, when* his widow raised a 
line alabaeter monument to his memoty 



fflirurad in TnoBoms, JfottingltamfMtrt, 
i. 250). In 1543 Jtobert Rwxm!* ^i. v. 
(Minted to Whfttlrv bis 'Gnoooi* of 

Wb»lle« wai lbnc« muried, Md is eud 
u> lu*e nad iweDiT-fir« cbildren. Hi« 
eldMt «on pi»dgw»wl bim in X^'i, and he 
wu NeoOMed br bit (^nndwn ICichard. 
wbo WW ■faCTifrofVotUngluuiuliirp in 161)6- 
IGOS, Imigfat of thp ibirv ic IW7, msnied 
M Ui aeeond wife FruicR*. dau|cbtrT of Sir 
Hamr Oromwrtl, and wu fstbw of Colonel 
Edinrd WUall«y ^y. tI 

tLttUn and Papen of Unirr ^111 : Roll of 
Soaicwt's Eipeiuea (Ecwt<m MS- ms) ; OaL 
auu Papen. l)Mn. 1 A47-A0 ; Uirt. MSS. Comm. 
ISlk lUp. App. r. M. S9, III. n\: HatAfild 
3(88. i. »»-•: Act- r.C. •!. QaMnt ; Ellii- 
Orig-LMUn. L ii. tTS; LtLR«Bi.of£dw«id VI 
i Raxbuixbc Clnb): HAchyn'i Diarr ; S&ir. of thr 
BafoTToatinn, WnothodvyB Clirun.. TronUaB 
eannMtcd with th« lYajer Book and Ti^nt. af 
H«liaigdoBBhira<CWiiMlMi Soc^); Viail. of N<K- 
tliichainshir«{Bari.Soe.>,p.ll7: RirbiBondsliira 

iiWUIa ^iteaa Soc). f>. 7B : Off. Bat. Mamb. 
i ; Thoroton'ii Sq»tiq)rli*m*hir«, toI. i, ; llajr- 
ward's Jylword VI ; Itiimvt'i Ili«i. "d. I'iKwck ; 
Strj|»'» Kft^l. M'-m.: >'obl«'» Hobh' I'f Cr^ia- 

LWPil. II i35-iO; Tytltrc Uist. of Ed*afd VI 
hod Marjr; Frmida's ili*t. \ CuuprrB Athenw, i. 
116. 5(1 : BrowD'i >*ottiiiebaauhiiv Worthie*. 
107-8 ] A. P. P. 

WHALLEY, THOMAS SFWIWTCK 

(174it-lii'-i>!). |«M.'l and iraveMer. bom at' 
CAm)>ridi^r in 174tj, vu th< tbird ton of 
John WhallHT, D.l>., HMUtw of r*t. IVtet'n 
Co)tiy>>, ( 'nmtiridgia, and Ffffius pi¥if«4»or of 
diviailT in that uaiv^ereitv (d, 174**l, who 
marri-'d lh«» onlr child of FrancLi Squire, 
eitnun and ctuinreUor of WtlLs Cathedral. \ 
ilia mother died at WinKomtm Cnurt, 
Sonrnwt, on 14 S>>pt. ISOI. a^d 90. He 
was educated at 8l. John's Oollef^, Cam- 
bridge, gTftdnatin? RA. in 1767, M.A. in 
1774, and about 1770 wa^ ordained in tbe 
Eiwlbh church. In .^larcli 1772 Dr. Km&ir, 
Usuop of Ely, pruenU'd him to tb« ructory 
of Hagworthingham, near f^pibby in Lin- 
oolnahire, and, in eonsaquuiira uf iia un- 
beaJtby eitunl ion in tb« fcna, made it a con- 
dition that he should never f>iil«r into rea- 
deoce. ThieHtipulatioii hu n-adilr complied 
with, and for tli>> lon^ perioO of more than 
fifty years the duties were diEcbarKed by n 
eiirat«. About 18:?& \MialI<^y built n par- 
miugo*hoiue for tbe benefice. lie was ap- 
pointed on 'H Au^. 1777 to tbv prcbcndal 
mA\ of Combo (I'M in NVelU Cathedral, and 
f-i'iiiiMl it [intil \>^'X. 
Whallcy married, oa Jan. 1774, Klin- 
*1, only child of Edward Jonea of L^ng- 



I<3rd Omirt in Biurini^on pariali, SoiMtNt, 
and widow of John Wilbcns Sbpncood, willi 
whom be oUained a (Treat fortune. About 
1770 he purchased tbe <^enire house in :iw 
Craoent at Bath, and entertainiMl with f^irwi 
boapitality both iber^ nrnl at I^angforO. 11^ 
was a coiupjeuoos B^r« in tbe set iKu 
fluttered around Lady Mi tier at Bath Eaaton, 
and wTotir rerma for bvr. Mi» Burner d«- 
acritwd bitn aa ' tnunenaelv tall, thin and 
haodflome, but aHecicd, delicato, and trnti- 
nienlally natlirtic' ( IHary, I. 314>. In th» 
Bummer of I7i<'i, under thfl qior of t»eoooiBy, 
be and hie wife broke tip tbinr t<«tabU*hni'-ni« 
in England and went nbmad. Lan^wl 
Court, after being let for many yenrj, w« 
aold in 181M. WhaHry»p.>nr tfaV spriiiA mvl 
winter for a Inng period in southern Fmno;. 
Italy, ^Switzerland, and Belgium. Ai l'ur-> 
in l7&3 his appi«nince drew from Menc- 
An(oiaetl« the cf-mpliment of ' l^e brt An*> 
Uia.' Wballey kept ioum&lD of hia eoati- 
ocotal oxpericQOM, which are of mueh !■• 
ti'reat. 

As a ruli< WHialley now spent the snnwf 
at Mendip XaAk^., fnrmfrly called Ijanirfiri 
Cottaget on the Mendip IiilR wbi^^r- i'.- 
gnyunds were rcmnrknblt' ftir thctr ^r"i 
and lerracK walk-t. Mr&i^iddonsoAenTtriii 
bim there, and ITHnnBh Mor*> w a d« 
hour (MvBfi*r. Sonvmtt Hnndhook. p. StSf. 
lie aupponed her action over the «cbooi «t 
Dlagdon loan nnonvmous MiBpblet,'Anil»- 
adver&iona on tbo dtirate ot Blagdoa*( TblN 
Publif-atJona, IMK!.' 

Whalley wu oreated D.D. of Edinbui^ 
rniv<Ti>ity on 10 JuIt I'^Of. NrU winttr 
he bought a liouiN! in tlakir Street, Londca, 
and for lome yean lived there in gr«at 
tTaTBganC'.'. .After tb>- pi.iaot> of 1«14 
went abroad ajrain. O^ bia return in 1 
he purchased the centre houM in Port' 
Place. Ilaib. In I92li Whalley l>o»abt 
lease of a house at Clifton, and in ISB 






left Kn^Uni), for tfao last time. A few < 
aftiir hut arriral at La l-lt-clie in Kranot 
died there of old age, on & i^eyt. \»S», i 
waji burird iti the con*ecnit"?d ground of lis 
Roman Mtbolin church, a handaome 
phngus of dnrk slate with Latin insc 
murking the spot. Ili» first wife d>M 
8 Dec. 1^1. In AUy IHOS be mam'4j 
Miss Ileaihcotc, a lady of good famdt 
property in ^^'ilI«bire ; sbo died at ^u 
broom, near Ueviie*, on 10 or 11 Ikl I'. 
In 1613 he married the widow of Or 
HoniM-k (pnibahlv (liarW Ilonmch,' 
dicdai Bath on^April 1«)4). Ilesoaai 
(■(iv«?n'ii ibm »h«j WB* be«Tily in debl. i 
they mrre^d to MMrsIc. Sbo re«ived i 
Whalley a cnnuortable MCtlement ind i 



WTiarncliffe 



401 



WHiarton 



lartfv Loiiau ia Catborine I'Iovl', Bilb, in 
which »litt ffave funnel |rartiir>. 

Two roliimefi of WhaUsy's ' Journab and 
i.'omviponili.'iic"' ' wi«r» edifed in \Hiyi hv Hill 
Wickh&in, rfictor nf Hnntinf^on. Profiled 
ixy the tirst volume is B print by .]o«ei>b 
Brown of Wlialloy's portrait, by (tcynoias. 
Thej contain maiiy iiit«ri>Aling lettvrs from 
Mrs, I'ioMii and Mrs. Siddons. but nxv bur- 
dcH'-tJ wilb U\ige fpiatlos fruin Miss St-ward. 
Wilbt-rtoroe d^scribt'd bim in IR13 as'llw 
trui; picture uf a soudlblt^, ^^oU-infortuedand 
educal»-d.pri!i«hed,old,w.-]l.hi'iifrKrw3, nohlw- 
man'M B.nd gputlonuin's hniisf^-friHniiinlinp, 
litfrnrj- mitt cli'-wi-pliiTinR diiine.' Whailev 
wos a pdtrpiii of ixtintinf^; ih'i ei'lf-liralcd 

Siclurv of 'The Woodman,' by Barker of 
iatli, vas minted for Iiini, and. at h]» re- 
quest, Sir Thomas Lavrcacti niadu hcj adini* 
«blf crnvon dran-iug of Cecilia Siddontt, hi« 
god-dauffhttir. 

lliM writiugn include: 1. ' Kdwv am) 
li^ildu ' [anon.l ; n. {wwtic tale in five parts, 
1779; nrnnML«9i)Hl in 1794 in lianasomv 
quarto edition, with aijt eiicrraviii;rs by n 
vouQg lady (i,*, dnnf;ht«r of Lady Lang- 
tara). -3. ' Th« Canl.l*' of Monlval,' u 
tragedy in five acts, 1781 ; :?nd edicwiili 
a di-dicnlion to Mr*. SiddntiH, l7!Kt; it wan 
brought out at Orury Luie in 171(9, and 
'tolerably well received' (llAKElt, IliiKjr. 
Dram, ii" 87). 3. 'Tho Fata] Ki«,' a poem 
[anon.], 17Si: 'an improbublu elory, wnlltin 
in the florid manner of Mrs. Aphra Bi-lin ' 
(Monthly fin: Liiv. 311). 4. * Ver«ea ad- 
arcMwd 10 51™. Siddatw on Iitr }mi)ft ''i- 
L-d at l>rury LnneTlieat re," 1 TH± fi. ■ Mont 
tlanc/ft pooni, 17HH. *i, ' I'oftni mid Traii^- 
luiuiiH.' circa 1797. TliU i« n.'siffiied to 
him in ' I jt*rsry Memoirs' ( \7i^S). 7. ' Ken- 
neth and FencUn,' a loKcodary tolo. 18UU. 

(Mumnir in .FoiirniiU nnd Corr<ap>»nd<ince ; I* 
Nnto'B Fosti. i. 210; (irnr. AT*ij, 1772 p ISI. 
1801 i, son, 1807 ir. 1078. 1828 ii. 474; CoUin- 
iOii'»Scimenwt, i. '.'(H.] W. P. C. 

WHARNCLIFFE, fir«t BAWitf. [See 
STDAHT - WoKTLtV - M-VrKBNZIB, JaUKI 
Archib*i.d, 1770-184'>,] 

WHAKTON, XStiE {163«?-168o), 
poeit.>*9, bom in Oxfordahira iibout 1632, wn,* 
ihe siTond daujjtitttr iind coheireM of Sir 
Hunry Lvm, third burom^it, of Diti^hltiy, by 
AtU)e,datighl(<ror8ir .lohn OanTers, knifflit, 
of Comhury. fin Iti Sept. Ill7a.*bf married, 
a» Iiin finct wife, Tbornns Whnrton (afler- 
wsrds fiffit Marqiii.* of Wharton) [q. v.], lo 
wliom she brought a dowry of 10,000/. and 
2^0^. ay^ar. In 1680 and 1«81 she wn. 
in I'aris, and botJi then nod aftt'Twarda bad 
eome convspondence with Ur. CHlbert Bur- 

7QU LX. 



. [q. r.l. who sent pounse for her lo nritiri.'i«, 
one trii'in liiN ' Pamidiraai' on tlii* Kiftv- 



nian( 



oet [ _ 

among trii.-m liiN ' Pampliraae ou tlii* Kif^y- 
third (Miapter of [fiaiali, in imitation of Mrs. 
Anne Whafton.' Her own ' l.itnientations 
of JoTemiali parnplirased,' wriit«n nppArfnily 
in ItStfl, appear^ in tbe collection entitW 
'Tho Temple of Death,' 1695 <it was ro- 
prinlud with aomu addition in the wcond 
volume of * Whurtoniann,' 17;;7, pp. 64-95f). 
Uor * VerHjE on thv •JuulT of a Otudlo' ap- 
peared in l.bn first volume of ' Dr?deii'a Mia- 
ceUanioa' (1084, i. 144); b«r 'Penelope to 
I'lyiwi'*' in T"n»on'>t 'Ovid'x Rpinl.le* by 
sPTernl Ilandn,' of 171?, and some minor 
piEMres, including a *ong, ' How hardlv I coo- 
r.-ftl'd my Tcrtra,* in Tooke's ' Colleotion ' 
(1710. p. 2W), and in other miscellanies, 
Ili>r 'Elef^- on tho Defttb of llie KBrl of 
Itoche«t«r' (in ihe'E-tamen Miacullaufum' 
of 1702, p. 15> drew from Wnller tlie line** 
lo ' fairftM Cbloria,'commwacinj[ 'TIivin moumi 
llii? Muaifts!' and her • Pani|ilira«e on thttij 
Lord's Prayer,' some tumid Turbus com- 
uii-ncing' 

Hil»ri<M. yon Wind* ; listen, RtheHal I<is1it«, 
Whilo Qur Umiiia «i»gii whut BsaT'ti ludita*. 

Waller pavs ibe lady the somewb&t doubt- 
ful complimunt of aMuring hi-r thnt ebii 
wa>> tiliim:] to UiiclifittKr * in geuiua an vfM a*. 
in blood.' Tha kinabip in either case wasJ 
remote ;tlie earl's mother was BimtloAtLiui'sj 
riilhdr, riir Hi'nry L,-*. Hor vt'rM« werel 
a]m commended by Dryden, who upon tha 
death of her eldwr aixtir, tin- Cijunles* nf 
Abingdon, in lt!Dl, wrote the paneryncal 
poem ' Eleonora,' Ann« Wburt^m died at 
Addwhury on ■J9 Oct. IRftr>, and wjik huriod 
at Winobvndonou lONov. following, ller' 
marriage had provod childless and unhappy, 
and it was univ the good counsel of Uuruut 
I bit prcventfd her from learing her hua- 
hand about lQ>*i. A coUoctioa of* Copies of ij 
Mrs. Wharton'x I'ot-ma' waa appended to tit* - 
Itodloiaa copy of Edward Youiig'*B ' Amoria 
Chri^linni ityijii'ii^vrigi'iv' lAtiSR). Inaddition 
to hur prinlt^d writings, Mrs, \\Tiarlon left 
in manuiieript a blank-verae Iracedy in five 
act« calkd ' Lord's Martyr, or Witt above 
Crowns.' Tbo subject is the love of Uvid 
for Julia, daiigbt^^rof thocmpftror Auguatua. 
Tfau trogi^dy. fnnm:rlv at Strawberry Hill, 
iiowfora)sAdditionalMS.!id693. A portrait, 
painted by L<!lr,wBA eummd by K. Earlom. 
AnotlKrr, trnKravtH-l br tJocquet, Ih givi?n in 
Walpnle'fi ' Roval and Xoble Authors ' (1808, 
Lii. -iiU). 

[Bnllard'M Mi-muira of Luaracd Ladies, p. :;S7; 
Burke's Rxtincr P«rag». pp. 347. 682; K. R. 
Wlmrton'ii Wlmrtoiih of Wliartod llaJl, ISSS, 

p. i7 ; Ktchobi'M Lit, Aut>cdoi», v. 614 ; Waller'* 



Wharton 



403 



Whartol 



Powoui. til Drury. 1893. p. 342 ; Ci''Oeml I>kt. 
X. 123; Nicluilk'x SkIml Collodion of Piicma, 
17S0, i. ft), ii. 329, iii. U, iv. 354; Clialon^r 
Smilii'o .Mruntini I'lrtniitA, p, 2-^8, whtre Atiiui 
Vhnrton is vrongljr cnlillpd nMrchiaoaaJ 

T. S. 
WHARTON, EDWAltn K1)>W(I844- 
IKJWI), p!iil(iln([,'r nnd gt'nenlotrint. bom at 
lili^l, rlini, on 4 Aup. IW^, w«» wconcl 
a«n of Hftnry Jitme.^ WhoTton, vicmr of 
Mitcham, wbt^sn nnceaTorE bat! long bv<>n 
setlleil at Win fart Iiinf; in Norfolk. Ilia 
inollii^r waa u duughior of 'ilioiuas Vgtv- 
gritie CourtEDajr [({. v.] llu wa» t-ducatwl 
m^ B iliiy-lJoy ut tlm Chartorliou&e un<Ii<r 
Ciiii'>n Klwy". ""d «l»wted to a scholarship 
at Triaitv Colli-ge, DxfonI, hi IhOif, fp*- 
dualinc H.A. iti }MH ani! SI.A. in 1870. 
ThoiigD TuncT robust in hnullh, nud suffering 
nt this time from weak oy^^ight, lio hud 11 
dintingtiipitjivl iinivi'ri<itycai'i<er. Iiilii^ aeconi) 
vear bit won the Ireland scliMnKhip, tUuiigl) 
Itir the nprtford and Cniv.-n h« («ilv cnmv 
out I'roKimi^ He ^'os ploctKl in the first 
claa« in claatic^l modcriitionK, and also in 
th<^ final clawicul achool. fn 1888 he whs 
elwcWd to a fellowship at J**saB, with which 
cot)eeelieTCasconQtN:t<>dalnioetfionTtniioii^lr 
Ulitil IiU dentb, as asaifltJuit tiilgr and 
lAtin lecturer. After hia oli^tion bo devoted 
liimwlf to acquiririfi lui uxhnuslivL- know- 
ledge of both Latin and (ipp^'W, To which 
vu added a sutHcietit acquaintance with 
the co^ate langiia^is. Tbi- lirpt^fniitM of 
hia labour was ■ Rtyinn Griwa,' an etymo- 
lofficiil U'xicon of clawical fireek (188lf), 111 
■which arc pvon (somj^whot dofrtnat Ically 
and without adcijuace ^explanation) tb« den- 
vationit of about Hxe thousand worda to be 
Ibund in tliu standard auihon. 'IliU was 
follow^ in IHiKl — when he had Rain«l a 
firmer graen of iht> priDci|jIu« of ociaililic 
philology — ov ' Ktvmn I.iLtiita,' coii»lnirte*I 
on n similar plan, though with some conct^ 
siona to weaker brwlhroi), nolnbly an n|*- 
pMidix ^howitif^ the rhanfct^i that letters 
undergo in iho aiBter tonguee ns well as in 
Latin, lie ubfo contributed M-veral (lanen^ 
to tho London Pbiloloiricai Socielv anu 10 
ttie Frvuch Soci^l^ Liui^aisliijut'. IlisotWr 
jmblifhed works nn' tninvlatious of Ari#- 
iwlb'"* •Poetic*' and Iliiok i. of Horace's 
' Satiros,' in wlucli it pleased hiui to displav 
TtTbnl ftdtjlit y to ibn origiuiil, ivinil>iD>-d witli 
amnAli^ry of Kngtish idiom. Diiring'the last 
few ycnrs <if his life much of hi* intpr**t 
wifc* transferred to senealojjy. Tlio rBSulls 
of luB researches, lar^ly udiodr ori(;inaI 
d<}CiimL-nls, arc. contnini-d in six mnniiAcrtpt 
voluiuo?, wluch he bequeathed to the Bod- 
letaa Library, dealing with all who have 



borne the name of Wharton or Wi 
"nil.- nioiit illueiriotu of Ihesti is, of cod 
the baronial fainitt of Wbarloii uf Wbanon 
Ball in NVcAlmorlatid. A popular sketdi 
of thin family, vrbtch lit; had tiniibnt jcv. 
before biH dtnth, bafi btun ])rin(ed by ht 
widow MP a m^xnorial volumv, with n fall 
bibtiogrsphTt a portTait, and nlht^r illustra* 
lions (IfiifS). He diwl at Oxford >m i June 
]f<Qe, and his remains were cru'-niatcd •■. 
Woking. In 1870 be married Marie, dawh- 
tvr of Samuel Utcka Wither* of WilI«adMt, 
but they had no childrim ; the widow diod 
in IHD'J. There is a jwrtnut of litm in tlw 
commuD room of Josus ColU-go, 

A younger btoihi-r, IIbsbt Thoesws 
\Vii48ToN (1R46-Il40.i), bom at MiicliaiD 
in 1840, was ttdiicat)^ at tin- Charlerbotue 
and Wadbam CoUegA, Oxford, where be 
trra^uutcd with bonoura in natural aaeuet m 
1671. lip is bmt known for an adminliU 
book on Sappho — memoir, tt^xt. (wlecTtd 
rendvrinf^, and a literal translation (1685) 
— which ha« passed through four editira^ 

I He was also one of the joint, comptlfn at 
th« oRicial Ii«t of Britiah birda issued by 
tli« llritish Omiihologista* Union (ISSS), 

' his special task being to fiupt>rviat< and 

' vlucidatv tho Latin uomonclnture: aad ha 
contributed acliapteron the local flora to • 

I wurkt-niilled'Hamnetead Hill" (1889V H* 
diwl on '22 Aug. 1S95 at South Hampitahl, 
wlien? he had pnietisod for soma years ai t 
medical man, and was buried in the ae^^ 
hourin^ comcttry of Fortune f4r**B. 

[Piirutv iofonaation.] J. 8. Cj 

p WHARTON. Sib QEORGK (Ifll 

I 168) ), lir¥it haron-^t, a-ttrolcfprr and roraS 

liom at Strickland, near Kendal in W« 

■norland, on 4 April I III 7, wraason of Qwtn 

' Whanon, a black&mitli of Kondal, who m 

his son an e«tat<e of about GO/, a year. Hal 

arms (^sabli-, a maunch irgeiit) wnvst thtt 

he was descended from the Wluvtaii of 

Kirkby lliont ( H'Aart-mj .</ IVharlom HaS, 

y. 06). His fathw dit-d during Geam'i 

infancy, and be waa brought up by his uncW 

William and Cuthbdrt Wharton. .Vfta 

16.*):i heHptfnt aomatimftat Oxford, wbvnli* 

cbli'fly studi^ astronomy and mathcBunca 

K'ttiring to Westmorland, liu isaued mdv 

the cina^«m of Oeorg<> Naworth an attnaas 

I for IsA. William Milboume, citrate of 

' BTn.nc«pctb, nrar Durham, gave biin *mi 

I aaaistanoe. The little volume provrd tk 

I first of a aeries of almanacs whirh ^\1ianai 

published vear b>' vcar under varium tiihi 

; until lt«KlMceptinir only 1B4«. 

I On the outbreak of the civil war in IWi 

WhaitOD aold hia land in th« north ai 





Wharton 



403 



Wharton 



raiiM^i a troop of hone for the t«yaIisC«. He | 
was defeated by parliamentary tnjoiw si ' 
Stow^n-tlH^•\VuId in lllour*->it«nthirf in 
l&W, And next year joined tlie king's bend- | 
quarters nt Oxford, llenriw wwn iipjMiinted 1 
paymn^tcr tn the magastm>an(t iiRiU«ry,&iul 
on S Oct. 1<(46 a capTain of l)or»e ( AsHMULB, 
£{/ir, p. 'J9&). H« pur3iii.i(I hid Mtroln^rvil 
nudie* at (.)rfi>Td with much indiutrr. 'He 
was efiieemed a meinber of the Queens Coll. 
bi'ing (.-ntivd axaoag the iludunt* there, 
and might, with other officers, have had the 
degree of muter of arts con&r'd ou him by 
tlia nwinlwn of tli<- V«n. (Vnivocntioii, but 
ha n«rlected ir* ^AVoodi. On23 March 164-1- 
164fi tie Diade, at Oxford, the nci^iinintancw 
of Klias .\fthmole, nhom he first in-itriicted 
in alchemy and antrolo^. Ashmole and 
A^'harton TOmuitiwd fri^ndn for Ufi". 

Meaawhil« Wliartoii involved himself in 
embittered coiit rovefay with hral aatrologt-K 
who wuru piilitically oppoevd to him. He 
attacked with especial rancour William 
Lilly, John Panridge, and John Burjktrr, and 
for mnnv v-aro lie maintitiitcl u^faiiiKl (hem 
a war of viiupetation. Wharton's almanac 
for 1644, which he printed at OxIVird under 
the name of Nawnrth, ' with Hin Mnii^^tii's 
oommand,' WHS severuly a^aoiled by Bonkyr 
in hit pamphlotfutitlod ' Mi'TCiiriiisCa-liua.' 
Wharton retorted in ' Mercurio-Ctelido-Mas- 
Cix ; or, an Anti-caveat to all euch, 88 have 
(heretofore) bad tlio mifffortimff to be Cheated 
and Dt^luded by that (Iraud uud Traiterous 
Impoatorof this ICcbeltions Ave, John Booki?r 
. . . I'riuivd Anno Uom. 16^4.' In Whar- 
ton's almanac for next yenr he first Auppried 
his own name on the citk>-pa^t> and described 
hinutilf im -tliideiit In ' tlia> Miithi.'itiMlii'kfl.' 
In the preface he dennunod Hooker iu> ' that 
clnbfisteil fallow,' anil liookeri friend I'nr- 
tridge as 'that blood hound,' I'ndt-r i'ii«h 
inontii of tli« calendar he cataloKued the 
ehief eventa of the war then in prof^-sn. and 
intersperwd hijwork with scurrilous rhyiuuti. 
' An Aatrological) Judp^ment upon his Ma- 
jwtiee l*roH«nt March : Uirgun trum Oxfurd 
lUay 7, l«46. . . . llv Genrge Wharton,' was 
publisliL'd at Oxibnl by U. Hall in the same 

J ear. At the Mtmi- timi? i. illy, in hi*' Starry 
teaseoger,' denounced Wharton an a man of 
•noworthVe ^un on Naworth), and charged 
him with nlagiarism. 

jVfter the surrender of Oxford in 1610, 
Wliarton ' wu put to hia Hhilla and lived as 
opiwrtimity served.' He wua in Yorksliiru 
in Sfptembyr 104(5, when he wrole ' ll«>llum 
Hybernicale: or IrylaodH Warre. Aatrolo- 
gically d'-iuoiimnUnl, fn)ni the lat«<J«lwiliiill 
congrefse of rhn two Malerolent p1anet« 
Saturoe and Mars in Taurus, tbe Asceodunl 



of that Kingdome' <IS16-7, 4to>. 8hortlf 
afterwards he renowed his attack on Lilly in 
' .Merlini Anulici I'lrrala.* SultMiquwitJy be 
romoved to lus native place in Weatmoriand. 
In .\nf^t«l 11(47 h'- was ill of the olague. 
On hifl recovery he book pan in publishing 
a quarto sheet week by week in London 
unoer the Lille ' MarciiriiM RU'nchicus.' There 
he venomously satirised the procot-dii 
of the parlianont. On I i March ltU«-U 
wa» arretted atid sent lo Xcwgute by orda 
of the parliament. On ^(E Aug. he •-i«ap»d] 
from the urisuu, aiid remained in concaal-l 
ment until 'J\ Nov. 10411, when li« was re*] 
captured and committed to the Gat«hoaM!^1 
Wwtminirtor. In ihe autumn of 1050 Ash- 
mole, who befriended him thron^hout his 
troublee, learned that John Bmdshaw, iba 
prosident of tho council of state, bad re* 
solved 10 have him h&iigcd. Ashmol« iva- 
ptaled to Lilly to iiitc his interest with hia 
]>utron, Uulstrodc Whitdocke, ao a« to pro- 
cure Wharton's release. In thu results 
Wharton waa discharged from prison aftarl 
en|{aging lo write iiolhinff thwnoofortll 
* o^inst the parliamf^nt or stat«.' On r&- 
gaming hiti liberty he wa» tpiile destitute, 
and .Afthraole gcnemiisly inviti'd him iind hia 
family to occupy his house at Jlradfield in 
Bftrlwhiro. Kor a time \Miartoin acted as 
Ashmole's a^nt on the estate, but he chiefly 
occupied himself with his almanacs. In 
IHoT and thre>.' following years ho gave tbera 
the new title of 'Calendarium Ecclcstasti- 
eum,* and added under the title of 'GestA 
liricauuoruw ' a usi>ful cbrouologival table of 
the leading events in English hi-ilory {mm. 
1000. Li 1<)''J2 he brought out a translation 
of ft l.alin tri'tttiiie un |ialmiittrj- nr chir<^ 
mancy, called ' The Art of l>ivining, by the 
Lines ami PijjnatHr.-ji itngraven in I he hand 
of man, written by John Kothman, M.D.* 

After the liestoralion WTiarton settled in 
London, and woa appointed truaauror and, 
paymaster to the oflice of tlu; royal ordnanoni] 
lie rL'lained the poet till hia death, and had ' 
Bu official reaidenoc in the Tower uf Lon- 
don. He continued to publish h\» almanac 
until 1660, givmg it from 1001 ouwardR the 
new lil[>- iif ■ CalcndariTim C'lndinum.' The 
last entry in his 'Qeeta'ia 2S Nov. 1664.] 
In 1661 he collected (he T&rious verses wiliij 
which he had i-nlivened his calendars in 
volume called ' Select and Choice rocmi col- 
lected out of the Labours of Oeoige Wl 
ron, Enquire. ComposMl upoDBerttraU occ 
sions, durtnp: the late unnaturall War* bfr- 
twuen thu King and the Itump Parlianient/ 
Ijondon, I'iOl, 8vo. He wax cmated a barc^J 
net, in consideration of his HPr^'ices to th»I 
royalist cause, on 31 Deo. 1077. He died 



Bt hts hotuM' at Knfleld on 12 An^. 1681, 
Bged 01, and WM burivil on tbe 35th of that 
numth in tUf* chap.-! of f^t, Prttr ail Vinculft, 
witbin the Tower of London. Wood calls 
him ' 1 oon<tATit and thoroiij^hpacvd 
myalist, a irood companion, a wilty droll, 
and a wagf^iKh poet.' 

Bt hiH wife, Aiiuo Butlur, M'hnrton had 
four •Hinit anil tbrM) dau)^it«r«. Hin filtlot 
surviving aon, PoljcarpUB, succeeded to the 
bafooetcy; Sir IVilTCHrpn* mHrri»d Tlitto- 
philo. daughter if Jiistiman Sherbnm*', «- 
oond brother of Sir Edwsrd .Sherburne, knt., 
but died vichotit iwiii' Vfrm- 174i,nnd tbe 
baronetcy became extinct, Uu is Matt^ tu 
have loAt "24,00(11. in tbe powder worka at 
Chilwurlli. near Ouildfonl. 

After bis di^alli Wharton's wtitiuff* wi-ru 
collected uod»r the tUlo of 'Tbff Works of 
that moit escolhmt Pfailocophor and Aslrn- 
iioro<!T, Sir Owrje Wharton, ban., roUxcted 
into oni! i?ntin.> volumo. Hy John (•adbiir>-, 
Htiidcnt in Phytic and A»troIo((r,' London, 
lB83.^vo. Oadburyanppliedapn'foct!. From 
tbe chrono1o|{irHl tables, entitled'fii-sta Ilri- 
lannonim,' which appenwd in li\'harton'a 
ftlmanacii from 1667 to I6<fH, W, t'rook con- 
nilod thf gr(?at«r part of h'\a ' Iliatorian'a 
Guide fVom KWO until ibi; yi-ar lOrS'iLon- 
don, 1079, It^mo). Some of Wbarlon'* «»• 
trolo^icul papvns and his lc>tter» to Aahniole 
aro in th^ Ashmolrnn Libmrynt Oxford (cf. 
Buck, Cat. A/thmolfon MSS.) A portrait 
of Wlmrtfln, assigned to Fait bom *f, w« prt- 
fixdd. Annihcr portmit of Wharton, at the 
age of forty-*!^. was engraved 'ad viTum' 
by It. Lo^j^n in ItiSS. 

[Wooira Ath(>nv OxontcDSM, oil. Bli«^ ir. A . 
LivM of Adlimde and William Lilly, 1774; 
LyMns'a Envtmus of Loudon, ii. 320 ; Aubrey's 
Ilriof Lirts. m). Clark, ii. 295; Wlmrton's ptib- 
licJttionn.] S. L. 

WHAKTON. IIENRV (ie6-l-1695>. 
divin** and anthor, waa thii w>n of Kdmund 
Wharton (a descendant of Thomas Whar- 
ton, socond Bon of Thomas, second baron 
WUanoE [see under Whabton, Tiiouab, 
first BiltOKi). vicar of Worstead, Norfolk, 
rector of Stoley, and aflvrw-anLi rMtor of 
Saxlingham, and Susan his n-ifu (Hwnry call^ 
h«T Mary, so ht-r name may possibly havo 
biMin SuAnn Marv >, ilHtiffliN-r of John Burr, a 
well-to-do dothmakiT of Dcdliam in E»wx. 
He wa» Ijoni at Wor^hwd on 9 Nov. 16tM, 
and bftrH*«d o" 21> Nov. Botli his father 
and hts mother eun'ived bim. l[o had a 
younger brothsr, Kdmund, born IStl6, 'an 
■uwcb&ciiry and great rakf/ and a sLBt«r 
Situan. 

Me wu bora with two tongues, both of 



the same abap*^ and aizp. Tbs 
grsduaily Ki!«en>.>d and tbw uppttr gmrl 
tbl^ drf<^nnitr r>>aAiyl to be ineonwaim 
{Philotophica'i Traruartionr. 1748. xIt. WS- 
233, from a manngcript of Wharton'*). At 
tbti age of *ix be was >eai to a 'pub& 
Bcbool' at Norwaltham for a y**r, >A<f 
which bv was taught by hU Ikiker n 
thoroughly Mlukt at hU eolTvace into lb> 
university he luid the reputation of an citn- 
ordinary voting man' ('Lifx 'prvtixedto&r* 
mofWfToI. i.i ][u) manosrript aulobio^craiJiy 
Tvcoids many youthful ctai>j(icml f^nv'nm ht 
verae. ITc was admitt<^d penaiooer of fien- 
ville and Caiiu CoUe^, Carabridgp, no 
I'l F«b.(* Autobiography 'in H'Ovi-Br's /*/• 
<tf tiaitentfl, ii, 109 ; but the ' Life' Ayt 
17 Feb.) 1679-«0i of which collrgo bu 
fathirr bad been a fullow. His tutor mu 
Ur. John KUys. ' a person of eminent lean- 
ing, singular piety, and aerictoeia of life.' 
In Noruubcr of the wme year h<> ■«i 
electod scholar of hia colle^. He h*U 
lbi« ^hularship by special favour until 
1687, itiougli 111" wrnt out of reaidotiee t 
year before. As an undcrgnduate b 
SKldom stiidird b-ss tti>n twi^m hoon a 
day, and he became proficient not only in 
classics, but in philosophy, French, Italisn, 
and mat hcmnticA, being in the IvtpKntft 
pupil of Isaac Newton, then fellow o( 
Trinity, and Lucas, nrofe.4«or of iiutb»- 
matica. He graduatwl B.A. Hilary lata 
IfWS-t, having 'dcspr^edly the first pU» 
given him by the then proctor of tho aai> 
versity, ihe learned II«v, Willtam N«d* 
liam. fellow of I'lmmanu^I OoUegv, tA«- 
wards bis dear friend and fellow chspUis 
at LamVith.' Ilt^ bore th« highest chanc- 
ier as an undergraduate, and ws« eFpecinllt 
noted as ' eonitant in froqucfilin? llit 
prayers and wcramcnts in liie chapeL' 

lie remained in coUevetilt the sprin^nf 
IdM, when, seeing no lihclihood of a TtcaU 
ff llnwabip. hn KCC^ntrd ihf. recommendaliai 
nfDr. Barker, a senior fellowof bis eol lege, to 
William Gave [q. v.], the ecclesiastical kit- 
torian, who promi^ him a .wlary of toi 
pounds ■ year and free access to hix Gw 
librarv. lie greatly asststiNl Cave in bit* Rit- 
loria Liileraria ' (published l£lti8>, and bt 
cousidtTed that bis help was not adeqnatdf 
acknowli-dgvd (cf. hii« ovrn acooiutl « 
U"OYtElf» Li/f t,f&mero/l. ii. 1 1 1-12, wrti 
Cave's letter to Archbisho]) Tenlson, A 
IRSaqq.) He viniUtd Windtair wilh Cm 
in April, and was made ao([ua.inted wllL« 
mnny learned penona and with a BoaM 

SriftU namM Matthews, who mid nasi ft 
amee II privately, and who tried to Inn 
Wharton into hideous rice, alleging hit 




Wharton 



405 



Wharton 



RuDutn traioing aa an excum (AutiMtt- 
grapAj/), His Inboura for Guv« now bttcaniA 
iDOCAMnt and exlmuivtiag, nnd ha BP&eits 
that b« did almoat all the work vrhicli wiw 
kf^trwArda publidlicd in ]iii< cmplayfir'fl name. 
Hu w&» oruiirii()d ilcacyifi by TitomuA While 
(IB-it-lGyH) [q. v.l btaliop of l'et4jrborouBh, 
on 27 I'V)}. lU^(i-i, tbod^U Iil' was uaavt 
the canonical age, on account of hu exfra- 
onliouiy Wniiu^. Naihuiiitl, lunl Cruwi.-, 
bishop nf DurKimi, niiult- Iiiu] nt tU<> Mime 
time many promi^eE of imtronap-'.wliiuli wltu 
not fully L-urriud «ut. In .Ttin>.' IHHi In- wii.' 
dftnet'miAly ill with smallpox, and cliRtle^TAn 
of 7I.A, waa conferred on bun at Cambndgi.- 
on 6 July bv proxy. 

He aowaa»i'<t«d Thomiis TenLion [q-T.1 
in kifl oonfrorersv wiib tlio Itonianiats, and 
va« tIic uicnna ut iir'iaging ' oim uf cxtielU-ut 
|)ttrtM' hatk irt lltecDmiDunionof tliH i-'ngliflli 
ehnrcb. To this ikt!')(1 bt'lun^ his works: 
1. ' ATrwitiw of ifii' ( Vltbacy of liw Clenrv, 
wherein tU Rise and I'rn^eflh^ art- hiHinrically 
4)(ntsidered,'Lon(lou,10^,4to. 'J. 'S|i''ruliiiii 
Eoclc«ia»ticiim, or an r"ocU-.*ia«Tic«l TriMiicr- 
tive Uluii [wriHen by TliuinBJi Ward, q. v.] 
coiMider«d, London, lti8.S. 4t4. Clf thi.« tliero 
tren two oditious within « uonib, ibe 
•econd with two appeudices, 'A. 'A 
Treatbu ]>ro\'LD^ Scnpluru to bi- tbu liuli^ of 
yaitli, writ by IiHfjiuHld Pt-tu-otk, bi»Iiop of 
Chicbdster, befart the IWormntion, about 
the year i4'!)0,' London, lCt*8 (with forty 
oagea of Iram-Hl intrndiif-liou). 4. ' Tin- 
EntbuviBflffl of the Church of Romt} dv- 
jnoniit. rated in "<>nin' ObH-rvatioiiit tipnii llni 
lUfe of Ignalinii l^yoU,' ].o]idon, 168S. 
(Thiawa* answered by William Ibrrtdl, R.J,, 
xn 'A Vindication of 8. I|rnAtiii» from 
Vhanaticiam," I6!<5i.) He won sreat ri*- 
putotion by those works, which showed 
jniuarksble lentnin;; fL>r m young 11 man. 
and the XIoma»t»t& inadi) many attemptA to 
convert Uim. In Itit^7 he bueanitj tulor t'.> 
the I'Idt'ht ann of .loKn, bin! Aruridell of 
Twrira, and in Nitvemlier finuUy laft Cavt, 
whom hv i.'un»id>>r>'d to hnvx iiimhI him V't-rv 
ill. CavH after Wbnrtnn'.s doatli ocirnaei! 
him of 'unfair and diaingenuouB dmihni;;' 
but tlio ftfcond edition of hi« ' HtsTonii 
Lilteraria' coulains many additions from 
Whnrton'fl uittnuscripla. Wliartoii dtirin)^ 
Itil^T nnd HiUS, hvtidiis his nriifinal wriliiigv, 
produc«»d several ttaiislalioun from French 
cheolo|;ical wurka, and was «ng'agi'-d im in- 
Tvstigatiun uf Eui-dinrvnl itiiiniiMTiptK at 
Cun^dge and in tb« Iloyal Libmry at 
St. Jame«'» <for details sw D'Oti.ev'k 
Zi^fe of Santr^jt t. 

On \'2 ivLoAQ^ Wharton Aiet made ac- 
qiuuntancc with .Vrchbi6ho[i Sancroft, who 



becanui tua patron and g&ve bim mueb 
inipOTiani litvrar>' work. He nublishwl by 
tliH archbirthop's (hrection ' Tn>j I>n^nali> 
cjd llint4iry of the lioly Scriptures from 
ArdibishnprBLeh«r>nianuBcripTfl,and,bTthc 
advice of renmoii, liidley'ii ' lirief Dixjiara- 
T.ion of the Lord's Sapper,' with cxtrocta 
frniD i'oynet'a ' Diallautii-on.' OuSOJunu 
Kaneroft gave him a license to nreach 
throughout the whole pruvinco of Canter- 
bury, iho only Kuch Ucmih/! fvvT givvn by 
that afthhiehop. On 10 SepL Sancroft 
umdu him hid obnplnin, and presented him 
to the rectory of Suiiflridg"", hcnt, lo which 
institution was deferred till he vita of fuU 
age. He ri'aignod this on bL-ing^ appointed 
to the rectory of Mia*l«r, (.)<:tob(T I1IK8, 
lie WOK ordained priest by tha archbiidiop 
on y Nov. 10*8, and i.n 19 Sirpt, 1080 rt- 
coived the ruclorv of C'liarthain. Hb "kept, 
curates' ut his l>t!ne(ii?«i> while he -busied 
binisflf abijui tlw ptiblie concurna of 
leuming ' { Woon, Athene OrDittt'yi'J, 
iv. .'iSO), At this time, too. ho became 
cbselv associated in literary friendship 
with llr. Henry Maurice, afterwards Mar- 
gari't. proft'Mor at (Jxford; IJidiop William 
Lloyd, then of .Vaph ; l>r, John Hfiltt-ly, 
archdL-ACou of Cauterbury; and Dr. Matthuw 
llutton, rector of Aynho (cf. ivriTBlw, Jteyi- 
»tfnnt fiacntm Ant^lUttnum, ml. I«9r, p. vi). 

Ho now began bis 'AngUa Sacra, a roU 
Icciiou of tim livL's, partly by early writers, 
partly compileil by himsnlf, <d' tlm F^nglish 
tirchbishupaand bif<ho|Kid»wn tol/>10. Thi», 
'a work of i«rn-<libli' piiini',' wss publiahed 
in two luUovulunii-A.I.O'iidoii,] '>!>!. He com* 
pipled the history of the prelates of tU<*iiee» 
whose) ottthe<]ral« werw served by regularar 
but a third volume, to dual with ihoeu wbo«i» 
cathedrals were served by secular or regular 
cauouR, was never Knishi'd, nud only u port 
of it. 'Ilistoria de Kpin^opi-) «i 1)ecAtuHlri>n- 
diuen»ibuB uvcuun de Epiecopis et Decanis 
jVsaaTenaibua,' wait piihliNhed in a small oc- 
tavo after hia death, l.iandon, 1 (fOA, 

At th« rfvcilution he alone of liis choji- 
lainti remained with Sancroft at Lamboth. 
Hf lo<)k the oatha to the in?w sovervigiia, 
bill waa ordered by the archbiahop never to 
mention ibom in the public prayers [&ea. 
S4SCIlOPr,WlI,LUM]. lie did iiot liesitalv to 
applyforiirvfvrmijnt, but wu^ freouentlydia- 
appoinled, nnd he i:<mt«idfrwl tiial Ihimet 
pn'ventcd Queen Mary from making him 
on« uf her cbniilnins. (>ther bishops, how- 
ever, favoured him ; lir' vi^itt-d many of 
them, nnd he preached before the queen at 
Whitehall. In 161W h« publiahedT, under 
the name of Anthony llariavr, * A SpMi- 
tnen of eome Errors nnd Uefecis iu the 



¥ 



ni lb Rdbrautioa of ih« Ctweh 
r Gabwt Bttiwfc. DJ>.; 
aliandij nym * BMibcr of 
aMUfceB.b»iMfct Cxtk ■ Uttcf 
i^wn Jer hi the ammtjmt uam Ihiia e t (ras- 
momI duetty wiik baka «f tomrn*. kit 

■nbdilj pRv«at«d asj fartfcw i i T —i boa 
Bnrad^ mfl ftiemia. OoanteaUvextneU 

BUM It ue RpuBtcd IB nieoarfl rinio <■ 
Bcnict'* * l1iatOT7 ' (mw nC TnL-viLppLlST 
M.) 8Aaetaft Munea Ui ewi B daBw n 
wMitcB to til* «ad, n«MTC4 Kraral Tuits 
fron Uvt OB Ui detfhlwd MM uiw d Kim «11 
liis !■■■— rijli,»BJiwp>ci»nTeBiPitBdh» 
with tbflpBkfiutioB of th«' iri«U«7; * Diur; 
■ad Qthtf wtina of Arehbiihopl^ad ; t^M* 
upeued M the * Uiatorr of Um TroubW sad 
TW»1 of ... Dr. ^-iIL Lmtid . . .* haaAou, 
16A3, foL A aFCODil vulunw of ' Rwmuna * 
■Wis pablisbed in 1700 ( London, taV}, after 
H<*nrT\%1tartuii'i> dvatli, br bis fatbvr. 

thirio; these Tears he haH not m tb« 
atigbUM degrw rvothted his inooaaflt 
latenry Ubaunt. Itt liZcj h« published 
aaoDyinuusly ' A L^feoce of Plunlities or 
holding tno BrneSc«« with Curv of 8ouU 
as now pracf ts<^l in the Church of Eo^aod,' 
LondoD, Svo {directed afpunat sonke eontem- 
plau-d legialation). This was repuhliahed 
ID 170? ' with mal^iikl ■ddltintui mad 
authorities hy the aulhi&r's own hand after 
strict review and deliberate psmsal.' In 
1488 be published BmIi^'m rnmmentari^w on 
Ofloeau fan editio firi/trtfg), with Ald- 
h^lm's ' Pniiw of Vir^initr' iLoDdoo. -llo), 
and contribiit<>d to Strype^! 'Cnimer' (xee 
Amwndix. pp. 2&S-61, ed. 1698). 

In April 1094 he wttled at Chanham. 
and waa clearly to some extent a diM|^ 
pointed man. He wrote to Dr. Darker, 
Tillolwn'a chuplniu, in itSYJ of bis ' vast 
labour' at the lAmbeib manuM^rtjils and 
SancroA's ilvsiicnA for publication, adding 
that nil wrn^ 'imvr fnudnitrd, and all mj 
b^l for the public serrice must be em- 
plnytvl in lf>iu'hin(r n fpw plough-jogvers 
ythn lank upon what I »»r lo oonDetn tnem 
but little/ Iti tht- HUtUDJD of l'I9-l si^s of 
conminiptinn npp'.-an^^, and. after an un- 
availing visit to Ualb (Tisiiinp OxforJ on 
the wsy, Itrlir/uitt Uerniantt, p. <IM), he 
di4!d on r, .March 1(J94-'J. 

Jle vras burii^d on 8 Mnrcb with mueh 
pomp in Westminster Abber, where Tiis 
umimini'nt rrmnitiK bt-tw(^>n llie third anil 
fourth pillars from the cloiflter ^tiM weat- 
ward ( Bt>e Daiir, W«ttmona4terittw\., ii. tIG W). ; 
the monutnont i ^ n^nf^vrd, p. 0^). Tillol- 
Kiu, many biahop;', and 'vtitl nunbors of 
the clergy were present at his funeral,' and 




Ac choir auw aatlMBft epeciallr coi 
fayl^Kvll. tuapormit. pBi&todby 1 
aoa, is rtacnnd byr:.\Vhite aa fronlispiM* 
lo the edtlton of hi* aennma, 172& B« 
was * of a Btddle statore, of » hrown ea» 
plcxica, BBid of Rr»T« Bad eoasely eaaii»- 
aaacv.' On^muj sdmox ascl vigoiotMi, b 
iajond Us eoostilacion by tbe sererityd' 
bia atodiaa, * thAt no art or akill of Ibe laoet 
experieaced phyaic-iaBP could restore it.' 

Tbr Lnpxifc * Acta Eruditorum,' IQNi 
eootained a eology of bim. In las will 
he left a beque« [or bv«atifyin^ the paiiib 
ehureh of WorstMMl. which now bnnij* in 
aboQt ML per uinua. 

Uf Wh&rtonV perMHwl charaeto two 
naw* have bcra held. Some, e«peeitQ; 
ataundi Jacobites lih^ Tleame, bare i^ 
gaidad turn as 'wanting in intc^ty/uxlai 
BTanciou* alike of Itterarr fume and penotBl 
mtnmeat. But the bc«t men of the di; 
nad the laoat cooGdeoce in Uitn, and Su' 
eroft'a ceotinnKl aifectxtn i« u lestimoaj to 
hia gDodaeee. llis pertx^ituil puritr, la finli> 
of iBBBj tenptaiioos. snd Uii mfgular faantt 
of daratiOB an eipeciallv noted. 

Hie CTsatocaa of tlie *erric8S wbi(& 
WbaftOD rvudered to leaminff can Vbatt 
eatimat«d bv onotation* fnim Uie iud 
of (7¥*t wliolars. Browne WilltLg 
dedication of hi« 'Mitr«d Abbiea^i[ 
says of him : * Withmit the perusal 
poblJEbed books and manuuripIB cu _ 
vrry i'itninnlin»ri.- person (whoso UlfW^ 
cedenied industry will for cT«r be adiuiid 
by lill who impartially consider bis n- 
CAmmon perfonnanoes, 'beyond what tnft 
ocliiered by any one of bia years) it waaM 
hartr been almost impoMihle to harp dn<i 
up litis account uf monasteries and ooonih 
tual churches.' And tlif< lm.timotiy ti 
ilishup Stubla is no le» el(M]ucat; 'Tbe 
wondurful inan dii-d jn ll>M.>, at ihv age of 
thirty, IiaTtng' done for the olucidatjoa of 
ICn^liah church hi^lory (itself but one uf 
the branched of Kudr in which he wat 
the most eminent scholar of bis timet niort 
ilian aay one before or since' {^HfgUlmm 
Sacrum AmUrautim, vi. ls<97, p. ril, 
must be added, however, I bat • he wrote i 
printed in too mat a bnrry. which 
rendered his works foccakionnlly] incnr 
A\'hart4)n*s manuscript cnlleciinns wereeoor-' 
mouK, the most iiotabl*' beioff a catalocw 
of the Laml>cth mnnuscripta (aftarwante 
purchased by Archbishop Tenison, and pland 
m the archicjii^coiMl library), and materub 
for a cricical cdilion of MenmliRtds .\bhai. 
Nicholas Trivet, and sevend (illit>r ioedi«m 
ehroiiick-is, atid ' -mi caUectioiu out (d 
ancieuc and modem revords retatinf to 



n Vbot 

m 

•ar7?H 

s of MM 



Wharton 



407 



Wharton 



church afTaiiv.' Sixteen voIuraeK of fais 
m&nuscripc colleciionn are in the Lambeth 
l^ibrarr. Among his maDuscripta U » life 
he wrot« of Gniiiiain JoHn Smith 0*''^ 
1631) Lq. v.], '4]iiiliugui«h«(l b; hisadvetiluns* 
And alcliii^vpmeotjt in the four qunrlorA of 
tU^olw' Ci<irrt*rfA Ala. No. W-I). To these 
«hnuld hf fldck-J 'A List of Ih* SurtriU[nii 
Bisliop^ ia KuRlaml. dmwti u;i by I he Inrv 
Itt-v, II«iiry AVliiirlcm. M.A.,' |iublUl)e(l in 
'nibliothRCATr>[iograpluca,' %-Ql.Ti.,Londou, 
17W. 

liifi foiirt''on strrmon^ nreftphed before 
ArchbiaJiop .Saiicroft in Il*W and Hm 
wen- publiAhi^, with u short lift-, in [7'2A. 

I^Whiirton'a niiiniitcript hiittorv <iii>l iliiirf of 
Ilia atra life, >iinca in lh« |ioiu<<Minii vf EdwHitl 
CakinjCcf. BItvIi'm Lih of Tilluuuu. [). 1*3), 1 
•[iMttTi) CO l>n nnv lost. A Idrga mftnniwrip^ ^ 
cuUeclktti o-f ciuloa rslKtinj) to the fitmilj* uf . 
Vhonon aud Wurtoa. nov iu ili« Bodbian 1 
LibMTV, »«» mnde by the late KdwTvrd lto» 
Wliarttin [q. t.] ; tlic t!ull>iictious uc thii tif« of 
Uenr; Whartwii nre coniaiinud in Tol. x". Tho I 
moat importdoi printed awhoiiiiM ari" D'Oyloy'e , 
Lir« of SiQCToft., ii. IDS *qq. (from Whiirtonn 
ova iiiaDi»?ript): Anthony WiHNl'a Ailt«uw 
OzanieiuM,ir. 330-3; tho Ufa praflxoil it vul. t. 
of til* Sermoiu, 17^8 [ttiiii mu writr^n by 
Thomax Orcra d Corpus Cliri«li Oullogo. Caiu- 
bri'l^'. and ftftBrmnbi bishop uf Korwicii O 721 ) 
anil Kly (1739); mm aUo Nirholn'n IIIutttnitioDs | 
vf iliv Liicniry Uieioryof Iha KiKlitfriith C»ii- 
tarv. ill. fifSj. Letters to ami from William 
Nichol-an, Arclibishop of Cnulu), \Sm. i. IS. 
19, 18 ; Uin'li'o Lifi- of TiUuEboii ; Ueui. H^f^. 
Vols. Ix. and lx'\. There aru Iitos in Diogr. 
BritMn»ic&, tuI. tJ., and ChulniunB ltvc>):rnphii-Al 
Didionaiy, vol. xxzi.] W. II. II. 

WHARTON, JOHN {J. lor.>-l.=i78), 
puriluD writer, wus tiR< autbur of M;vc'ruL 
WoriiM of a n-li^i^iiM and lunml chamctir. 
In Iti'ii he edited ' A tDifiti[;aU deuifit- of thu 

Sirituiil niid (fodly louo Iwtwi-in? ('hrwl. 
e spouae.and thi- Church or C\jngrepation. 
Firate rnadL' by the wise I'rinc»i SuTomun, 
ftnd now nowly set forth in versn by Jiid 
Smith. Whi>runto arw annesud certeinn 
Other bricfc stones. And also a Tn'aiisu of 
JProdigalitii- uiust tit und injcu^Nantr for to 
be rend and mnrki^d of atl osIiiIm. Im- 
printed at London by Hi'nry K ircKIiaui,' 
t>liu'k Intlf^r, Hvo. In h ithort ])rc)«i* uddrvas 
to ihp rbri-ilian reader Wharton dfplarf.s 
the ]Kjpulurity of C'haHCtir's t"lt*» ntid wlhfr 
' rihold xrtnfR,' niidexpri'MPs a hop» that the 
' SoDR of Sor js ' may supersede thpm. In 
157tf hi- pubhshod en indrjiendont. work in 
verse, uutiili-d ' WhorloiL-* l>re«me. C'on- 
teyningL' an innei'liut ufiuynat curtainc iib- 
bumiuabli.' Ca(t'rpilliT>' as rBiirt-rs, lixlor- 
CJQuers, LeajimoiigKni, juid such allien, con- 



foutidina their diuellysh secte* by the 
Ductliunty of holy sctriptuni. Svlvctra and 
ffflt h<Ti?d hv InhnWHrtonSchMeiDajili'T. Iiii> 

Jhriutfd at I^ndon bv lohn Cbarlswod far 
'aull (!'pnyn[fli>n, Ifiif*,' 4ti). It vra« dtidi- 
c«led tfi .\!iM:nnder Nciwidl [q. r,], dwin of 
St. I^uI'b. It is chieHv cM'tiipiwl with pon- 
sideriitions on thu punl*hini'iiti* of th« wickod 
in bell, peculiar tonnentt being reserved for 
those who have tifglecleil to briof up their 
dtildi\'u wilh thit rod. Oa -JQ July lS7tf 
John Hunter wa^t licensed to print a Itallad 
QDlillfld ' WhartouH fulUe,' and on 19 April 
]'i77 ' ItiniiT KyrUham' receiT«d n lic<?n«v 
for 'a booKe intituled Wnrtnns iiovell.* 
Both these were probably by John Wharton, 
but neither ia extant, 

[Wurhs in Krit. Mas. Library: OurMt's Col- 
Icrt<inrta .'Inylo-I'oct. (<_'li»ilhftm Sot), v. 2#8; 
RilNii's KiUiDiji-, I'oat.; Arhnr'n Urprinlgf th* 
r^uiliOMrn" Ittiiistor. ii.syi.SU.) E. L C. 

WHARTON, rillLIl-. fourth BaWH, 
WlURTOS (leiy-ltSOti), boi-n on IM Aprif ■ 
]tJ13, watt ton of Sir 'i'liomn^ Wlinrtoii of 
Kaaby, Vorkshire, Isy Pliiladelpliia, daughter 
of Uobi'rt Curey, firsi oarl of .Monmouth [<i-v.3» 
and jiruiidauii cjf l*hilip,third hunni Wbiirlou. 
His latlier died on 17 -■Kpril lltlW, his mother 
iu W>4 iCarte MS. IDS, f ilUT). Wharton 
Kiicc>fed4Hl hia grandfntlifr on '2!i .March 
1620, tind matriculated at Oxford as a memr 
berof Ex«]er College wn 8 March Ift25-^ 
fFoHTBU, Alumni ftwn. I."i00-t71-l ; 0. E. 
C;OKAT3iie]'» i'ompMe Peerage, ix. 126), 
According to the biographer of his ran, 
Wharton wa« in his vouuger days 0D« of the 
ImndaomMt men and the greatest boau of 
hilt liiues; hu hud particularly One IvfiK, and 
looh ^;rf■n\■ delight to show tUem in dam-inff 
^IJ/eo/7'hoi/ins. Mnrqtiin of Whartvn. 1716^ 
p. -i). Ill npitf iif thi-Sr tpmptnlionii he 
ramt! a Mrong puritan, nnd cutme forward 
one of llie oppim-nt* of thi- cinirt in th« 
uarliampnt ot May l&U). Ho HLgntMl the 
Vorkshin* petition against billeting soldiers 
on the county, and hi.'* namv ie appondt^d to 
some copies of the petition of the twelve 
peeraprewnttdon '-'(* Au^. UV40 \Cat. State 
I'ttpcre, Don), HWO, pp. (Kl. 5i4, 6J 1 ). For 
hiH part in the first pelition Wharton was 
piirsonnlly rebuked by tho king, while Strof- 
foid llireaten«d tohave its promolvrn hangi^ 
if they interft-red further, or, acrording to 
Uumel, (o shoot A^'luirtoa at the head of the 
army as a mover of sedition (.Wcinoi'm rif tHr 
lluif/i Chotmi^, pp. 61, IM ; I)uii.xL-t, Oicn 
7'tm<-, rd. Airy, i. 46). In .Sf^lcmbrr lti40 
SVhartou wu one of tUu entumisaionvrti em- 
ployed at the treaty of llipim, and Ilaillie 
upcaks of him u« 11 (:uod frivud l» ihu Scots 
\Jjettert, i. 2U8). During the «arly ptriod^ 



Wharton 



408 



WTaarton 



tliQ Long [Htrliament Wliarion supported th« 

E[>licy of ibo popul&r l-mder* in iIk* lower 
ouM, iind iruM tliougbt so deep iu (heir 
Mcrets tbat tlie km^ propoAed tociill him m 
a witDt^M egaitifeT. tbt.- flvu Dii.-inl)e» (Oiaui- 
NKB, JH»t. >'/ Kni/Utnd, X, 10, 130). On 
SR Feb. 16-lL' tmrtmtiivtit uppoinltxl bim lord 
lienti>n»it of l.niiriuihin*, und nii 2A June ut' 
BtirkinGiham-sItirti also iCommtnti JournaU, 
ii. 459, Ba.'^i). IK.wa««Jiwwb'ct»Nl(I8Jun« 
IftlS) to oominnnd t)ii' nrroTdi^-Mined forthn 
njcoveiy of IreUnd (I'kacwk, .irmy Zm/« 
^ rA« RowndheaiU and (itvalier*, 1874, p. 

tVliarton proU^tvd in lii»lelt«nlii«d«*ir« 
fartn accommodation between king' and par- 
UuDoat, but ut-vertheloMBt^ceptedarrommu- 
aion (90 July) to command 11 n'gimcnt of 
foot in tbe annv under tlie Karl of l!)a*i:ii. 
(RlUKBK, Ston/'of Cbrfe Ctufte, pp. 132, 
147). At Kdgufaill WliartonV n^mcul wus 
lYnitfil, but it pTOAerved its colour*, and 
Wliarloa liimaidl did bis duly, ibuueh rbti 
roynJinr. ballail-ranngen nrpnrtnl tlint Itv ran 
awBT, and hid bimeeir in n Aan-pit (Rump 
SoHffB, pp. 91, 103). Two daya aftpr the 
'battle, Ewex wnt him to ^ire an account of 
it to psrli anient, and H' burton also madij a 
narratiTc of it to the lord mayor and aldermen 
of London [Ohl fart. Hut. j.i. 112 \ Clabes- 
DOS, IteMUon, Ti. 101 ; Ttco Spfivhe* <if the 
Lord Wharivn ppakm in Gtaldhall, Oct. 27, 
]042, 4lu). For tin- tv»\ of thi- war hi- con- 
fined himMdr 10 bb parliamentan' diili^A. 
H'- wn!i fniin th»' fir»f a member of the cnni- 
. milteu of both kinji^iIoiiiH, and wa« sIad one 
[of the lay n»*mbers of tin* aawnibly of di- 
rinefi. "W burton took at fir»t a ccaloua port 
in tbe proceedings of the aMenibly; aUvr- 
wards he wont over to the indencndL-ut mi- 
norily, and v\«a propoMid tbo diMolulbn of 
tbe (wemhiy (lUlLUi:; Letters, ii. 1 17, 130, 
230, ^4). ill' su[j|jorted tbe Bolf-donyiiif 
ordin&iici-, the funiuilion of tint now model, 
and iha apuoinlniH^nt of Fairfax ra ffencnl 
in f lac* of EM.-X ( Oi-i I'arl, Uitt. xhu 434 ; 
Ftnrfax CorrMfMniimce, iii, N;i, l.j7). In 
July 104o pHrliatni.>nt appotnttid him one of 
the commi8»ionerH to treat with the Scwta, 
who now n.>gardQd bim an bcMtilo. ' You 
know bio mt'lul,' wrotf UBiUic> : 'b» ia tw 
fully as ever for tbat party' {Lettrrt, it, 
29B). Wharton's letters diiriiiir tlii" «m- 
ployrnxnt, which continued until Nnvetnber 
ltU&, »re prinK^d id tlitt '.loiirnaU of the 
House of Lords' undthe'Old I'arliaTOi'ntarr 
IIitrtory'(wv. 44-01, lO"). The House of 
Commons was sf> aatisBiHl with his oondnct 
that on ] Dec. ItUo, in debalini; the propo- 
fition-i 10 b« sent tn the kin^, Ibry n-*olvfd 
that be abould be desired to rgisu Wbaitoa 



to an earldom. In the quarrel between om^ 
and parliament in lUl., \Miart(ni took bd 
public part. In June 164^ be was aceutrd 
of eoncealitip .Major Uolft^'s auppowd plot 
agminal Ihe lung's life, but tbi; llouan of 
l..ords (10 Juno 104^) vindicated bis ocnw 
duel (*&. xvii. i!Sd 'W, sx. Suri : CLABEiCDui, 
Itebeilimt.X}.. Ifl4; Curt* MSS.W, f. .'j7*). 
Ho was not preoent in the House of I^rdi 
wliau the ordinance for the king** trial wu 
reJM.-led, but disapproved both of * IMd^'i 
|niT;ge ' and the king's execution (Old Part, 
Jlut. xviii. 432), 

Wharton was on very iotinate tc 
■with Cromwell, who wrot«lohimonHl 
I04t< to convey th« nvv.» of the victorri 
i'fiMton, and to eongraCuIate biui on 
birth of his mo Thouiait. Cromwell tn- 
qiiently but laiuly endfnvourvd to pemu^ 
Wharton to tnke an active part in tbego* 
Vfmmeni of the mpublic, and. to remove ai| 
scruplea, in a l«tler written juhI l»-fore iW 
batttv of Worceelvr b« rejiroacbed him with 
stumbling at th« di«p>-n»>tions of Ood and 
reowninglumaGlf out of 1Jod>«f^'r%ic«. Tbe 
wnrk, hv added, ' needs you not-^aare si 
your [j}nl sjid minster needud the' a&a's eolt, 
to show bis humititv — but y<m oved it to 
dMiareyour snbmi&sioa toandowniiigyAar- 
s«If the IxirdV and bie pwplu's' (CaitilLS, 
CromhTfU, I>:ttera fiS, [|fi, I4<1, IRlj. la 
«pitu of thi£ diSi-'rence of opinion, the two 
eimtinutxl on excellent terms, and in UBS 
a match between Henry Cromwvll and cat 
of Wharton's daughters wae discutaed {A, 
App. Mo. 26). Wharton intervened with 
Cromwell on behalf of Lord Clanuboy id 
Itio.^, and bis inSuence with the J'roln:l« 
VOH vvideiitly OUOEidiTahle (Vefit^Kt 
((f I'u/tlic RmrdM, •I2iiil Knp. Ajip. 
137). In Pecember lll-'(7 the Protaion 
him a iiummona tn l.hv Finui>e i>f Lordi, . 
thouL^h Wbarton refiLtad to Ait, it wasiiri- 
dotitly IVwH'd by I^rd Saye tbat be woo 
ohev the Hummons {EngiUh Uitt. Ram 
189.*), p. 100). 

Wharton welcomed Cbarles II on 
return to Knglond. and Mwnt a large sum ii 
equipping himself for tiiat pur|>(»ir. 
wa« al that lime in mourning for his seem 
wife, aud to give hi« bluck a look of jnr 1 
that occasion, hi^i buttons were »^ 
dimmmdit' (Ai/e nf Tifma*, Mar^it 
n'Afirt'/n, fi. (^). It is uiid that ibirowu 
Kime thought of ■■xcluding WbanoB 
the act of indemnity, l»il it was not 
tempted, and it woulil have been difficult 
tind any ground for to doing (16. p. 7). lie 
lost, however, bv tbe rMelUemeut of !«• 
land a trartion 0} tbe landa whicli he Iwl 
obtaitiou in that couUty during tbe pnle 



Wharton 



409 



Wharton 



tornto, sod ho vrag in 8om« danger of bting 
obliged to nfuDd 4,U0U/. whicb pxrliBtnont. 
had granted him out of Sir Georpi Savili'V 
evut« (Uc/iuly-Jk^fper vf }\hlif JtfvrJ*. 
SSndKep. App, i. ItH)-. Fosciioft, 7^/> </ 
^o/irtu-. i. 18, i'8 : Carte M.S. LO:i, {.-jrr}). 
In 1B7U Whatlftii was conspicuous amoti^ 
tb« oppuut^^Qte 'jf tliL- ntw Cunvvnticlv Ad. 
And in liiT'i iii;juii»l lh<-iirt tiiiTii|KM>- u iinn- 
resislance leat on tlie wliol^ nation (.yux- 
CBOPT, i. m. 120; Uur. and Pr-c. <-/ Ihr 
Scnue p/ /^rd/, 174:*, i. 130, 1.V(,1IH>). On 
IG Feb. 1070-7 Wharton, with three other 
pc*r», wAseant tollicTowLTforargtiinjz Hint. 
the exiMitig jiarliameiii was dissolvtKi be- 
cau9<< it bud been illeftallf prorogntMi for 
QAvt-n ffloutlt^, uiid rufui>in|^ to uinkf tliu 
Mibmi&tion demanded (CHEiaTIR, Liff >•/ 
SMi^feniviy, ii. '^3:^). Hu romain>nl inpriAoii 
till 'JQ July ]<I77, ataying tUifni ' ooinHwliitt 
lotiNr than the n%t, because he chiomcd 
SDQ bad no mind tn own his fault inplniti 
r«niiB' (Macpkkbbos, i. fi3; CarU m<sa'. 
103, f. ai'3, 7», 27-00). In tU a^iuiiuti 
about tlifi popish pioi and the cxchiAinn 
bill, Wharton took liltl4> pnrl, but no doubt 
lipproved liis Hon's i<,'iil dpiiinst i.-fitbolic4 and 
t ni; UuliL' of York. \V!ifn Jiiiii<>» U UJHTiidtd 
the tbroue he Lhouphl it best to travel, ob- 
taiutNl B paM from Lord Suudurlimd uu 
7 Aug. lour, (Carte jM6'. lUl, f. -jm), niid 
•pent some time iu FUndem and Ucrmiiuy. 
llie i-dix'ior o( Itmiiduuburgli inudo him u 
preaent of nix horaeit aiul ivct-ivi^d him with 
gTB»t diBUnction {i/>. yi, ff. 7(fH-74 ; /.i/y- 0/ 
7%'rma*, Mai-^iA of if'Aarfun, p.9). In llii; 
criitis of 1(588 none derlared morw eniphati- 
callr tlmn Wharton for the ylevatinn of the 
Princo (if Orange to iho ihnine. In thi^ 
conned of peers held alter ihe kiiiK's flight 
wh«n Clarendon urgi'd cniiaidcration of the 
righls of the newly born ht-ir, Wharloit 
anewen-d, ' I did not expect at this time of 
day to livaT anyhudv uiunliou (hat child, whu 
waa ^.alli-d the Frince of Wales, nnd I hope 
■WB ehttU hear no mora of him' (iJiNULii, 
Diary tif Hmry, Karl uf ('iarrnd'jii, ii, liSo ; 
e£. HiTRXcr, liagn of Jamtt II, ed. liouth, 
1862, p. 47«L Wh...n WiUiiiin 111 b»cam« 
king, Whurton wa.4 mailo a privy cnnncillflr 
(14 Feb. KJ)^). ILifi last appeurancc in 

KIiti<r« waft on llio occasion of tho bill 
9ught forward iu lOlK) for tmpo»itig a 
fceneral oath abjurinf!; the title of James It. 
'Lord Wharton,' according to DnrtmouthV 
note to Bunii't, '*4vid hn was a very old 
man, and had taken a multitude of oatlis la 
his timi', iind hopi.^l Oud would forgivi him 
if he had not kept them nil ; for truly they 
were more than he could preU-nd to rvmem'- 
ber; bnt should be Viry unwilling to churpe 



lumselT with more at the end of his days' 
(BnijrirT. Ova fwti-, ed. 1838, iv. 79; cf. 
.MAfAULar, Hift. of Engianit^ ii. 163), lie 
dif^d on 4 Feb. ltJ9C!, and was buried at 
Wiihiim. 

\\'hurlon was three timt*!i married: (1) in 
m3L', to Eli/uboth, daughter of Sir Rowland 
Wondbvfonl of i'lLkliilT, Vork^^hlrv; i'2) on 
7 !^pt. 1037, lo Jane, daiighler nf .\rtlnir 
(iuudwiit of Winchendon. Buckiugliamshin:; 
fihc- died on 21 April Ifli'iH. Many letter* 
from her father to her are among the 
Uurt».MSS. (wi. 103); and (.1), on 4 Aiig. 
It5til, to Ann«, datighter of William Cftrr of 
Femihuriit, Koxburghshin.*, and widov of 
Edward Pophani. Slu-wu.* buriL-d on 17 Aug. 
IOD:f. By tiia first wifi.- he had a daugbtt-r, 
who married, in ItJflSt, Itobert IVrtic (after- 
wards ihiril EurloriJttdttey). Ily his socund 
wife he hnd four daughters : Anne, married 
William Carr, and died in 1^0 without 
iiMun; .Mar)^n;l, who iiinrnnd Hiu.'r>w»iv<-ly 
Major I»uncIi,.SirThDm!isSeyhQrd,and Wil- 
liam Hoiu', twelfth haniti Itiisji fq. r,]; Mary, 
who married, in Iti7;i, William Thnmii.* of 
WenToeUastte,t!Iamorsiinshire,and inlt(7y, 
Sir Oharh-s Ki'mi'V-t of Ccfn MaWy, iu the 
same county; i'htladelphia, who married, ia 
I67y, HiT (joorge Lockbnrl, and, secondly, 
Captain John Kum»av. Of VV'hartou'if souf, 
bv bis second wife-, 'I homas, lirst murquii' of 
Wharton, th« eldest surviving. is separately 
nutii:i.-d ; lluiiry, ihc st-oiiEid, dif^d 11 (wtonul 
in Ihe Kngiish armv in Ireland in ltSS7 ; anil 
(ioodwin, the third, who diod in 170-1. wrote 
tin anU'liiogratdiv, which isnowin the. British 
.Mupeuin { Addit. MS8. llJOOO-" ). William, 
Wharton's only son by his third wife, was 
ktli>-d in a dui'l {Life tf Thoman, Mnr^uis 
0/ ICAor/orj, p. 10). 

Mlnnrton hod a taflt« for architecture and 
gard<-iiing, and id said to havi'spent C30,(XX)/. 
on enlarging hi« house at Wobiirn. lie hnd 
n very linu colk-cliou uf iho puinlings of 
Van llyi?k and Leiy C^'t'^ <if Thmnn*, Afar* 
ouif of Wknrfvn. p. 7). liy a deed m&dt^ iu 
Ml(t2 hi' M'ttli'd >omtr i)f bin Ijinds near 
Healaugh, Vorkshin^ upon trusleeffor liO^M 
bibles, and as many catechisms were to be 
given yearly in ci^rrain towns and *illogca 
of the four counties in which his estates 
lay — Buckingham, York, ^^'L■BImorland, and 
Cumherland— 10 poor children who had 
learnt bv heart seven specified I'salma 
(E. I:. W'liAiiTON, Hr Hliarlana (f Whar- 
iiin llnil, 1801^, p. \i!}). TIipto ia an «n- 
graTed porlniit of "Wharton by Hollar. 

[(!. V,. t'liiknjDr]'sl'nni^rleij- IVmg". Uojlo'a 
Officiid UsmiiMgn, Life of TIi'iiiia;!. MaP(|uis of 
'WhiirloD, 17 16. 8to ; E. R. Wharton's Whonciiia 
uf Wtiiirlon. I49B; six vohunta of colleetiootij 



L 



WTiarton 



4to 



WTiarton 



reUling ta the biBtorr of tha Wfaiinon Urxij bfi- ' 
quMkUinl bj Edward RuH'VVbnrton [i). v.), Tcllow 
of Jens C<^cg9, Oxford, to tbo BodlMBiiXilmry 
ioISVS. Th«C«rt«Bi&niiBcripts mth«Bo<U«isD 
cont&in iiin« Tolanie* of WbiirtAn pHpen, bor- 
Knrod by Tbomaa Cnrti!, whins L-aaUfiitii itro 
dawribed in tha import <m die C&n« Put<»n by 
C. W. IttiBM-11 nnd J. 1'. Prerjd^rgasc, forming 
Appendix i. tu the Thirt_v.«eeoi»d Itn^^nei of tb* 
Dc{>ntj--Ku«pcr uf Public Record^.] C. K. V. 

WHAHTON, I'lIILIl', DrKKOF Whas- 
TOX (IfiSW-lTSn, only aoii and heir, by hia 
secand vite, of Thomtu ^Minrl'^n, murquU 
of Wharton [q. v.l, was born in ihe third 
veek of December 16^, either at l>itcblev 
or Addfibufy in Oxfordshire. TTe vrta 
obrJ»ten«l on r. Jan. 16»»-9, when Wil- 
liam III, Slirewftbury, and tho l*nncL>«a 
Annuwuiv hit i>pon»on(LvTtR£Lt.,iv.4W). 
From 170U to I7]i> he adopted the Ktyle of 
ViMount Winchendon. Showing groat 
quicku<M4 of |iur1s, li>> wa« i-diK-uivd at nom« 
under the ^uperintendenoe of hia father, 
irboM Mnlntiaa waa to maka him a groat 
orator and a great ' patriot,' by which thfi 
fflarquia iDaant a pure wbi^. Dut 'honest 
Tom ' found it teM «aiiy to trannmit hix iwtli- 
tiral prinriplf<» than iia mendacity ana his 
contempt tor the bondo of marriaito- When 
but sixteen Philip shattoivd hii* fathi^-'e 
bopot of further ngKrsndiM>ini>nl through 
the medium of n prndent allisni^> by warry- 
iogi on '2 March 1714-15, Manha, daughter 
of Mijor-|^!iiiTii] Hirhnrc) Ilotinei), the cere* 
Danyiieini; pi'rCarmnd by one of the Fleet 
pareons. Tliw yimp wfe, described aa 'n 
penrin of extraordinary nditration,' prcner^'ed 
a blameless character tfiroiiRliout Ihe troubles 
which only dndwl with her death in (Jcrrard 
Strwt, Soho, on 14 Ajiril 17ill. I'hilip\\'har- 
h>n deserted her noon ollor marria^. ^^'ithin 
ayearofihdli-vi-ui \Mih hi« piirt-niHdiud.niid 
hfiauen-nlcd to Lhtr marqiiisnCe and an estate 
of about 14,000/. ayeur,incIudinghiflnotber*s 
jyinlnrr ofO,(KIO/. 

Early in )71li Whartnn, in obodience to 
in]uiK-tinn» left by liia fathvir, went abroad 
with n IIu|^u^nnt governor to be educaljed i 
and confirmed in strict protestiint principles 
at H'-neva. They fa-t out by way of Hol- 
land and the Khine.imd the yoiitif;miin]uiHV ! 
vanilv was lliitli.'rud bv ihe alt«ntious he 
neeived ai the »malh'r'(.tiTiuiiticourTt>. Uv \ 
began promptly to exc^^d tb« allowance I 
made him by his falher's triisti't.'K and l» run 
iuliMlclil. NlttiiiiwhilK hia liiL(iriliii^iiMti*jhiTn 
by his Mry, moml preri>plsand tl«> reslraints 
Ih- onditnvdtimd ly lnv upon him.' The j 
fienpvii ilisriplini- provcii nn U-^ iiitolrrablo, j 
Htidnflorn bri»f spBi-fl, 'cuttini; all enlaagle- 
ni4-n]i«,'WhjinoQ abandoned the Huguenot i 




to tlu aociety of a young PjrtntsMa leu, 
which h« had [larlinlfy tamed, and, 'oi if 1« 
had \ieea flying from an iofectioa, act eat 
post for Lyons,' where he arrived on 13 Ow. 
1716. His next proneoding was to write a 
letter to the I'rviender, then reeidiu^ u 
Avignon, which he forward<-d with lh«p» 
Kilt of ' a very fine Stone-borw?.' 1^ 
chevalier, in rettun, sent for him to hit 
court, where b« Bpeni a day, and when k 
i§ *aid to have received nn offer of the titk 
of the Uuke of Xorthumbprlnnd, a tilt 
which wiui HCtuallv i*oti(em.-d upon him It 
the Pretender in 17J6. He arrive<l in Pwu 
W the end of October and called upon ikt 
Engliish anibas»ador,Ix>rdSlair. Stair^te 
him some good advice, which be ia said l« 
have requited by drinking the PreteoderV 
hmlth at tbt) ambassador e own table, b 
No»-embi.-r 1710 he visitiid the widow of 
James II (Marie Beatrix) at St. Oermaiiu 
and borrowed -JfiOOl. of bi-r, upon tiiu f«- 
text tlifil the money should be uaed in pro- 
motinfi I Itu Jacobite cauae lu England. la 
iJecemh^r he relunit'd to England and 
in direct oppuutiott to the Jacobite 
mcnlH h« lind M recently exurvMeed. Ea; ^ 
in 1717 he ctoaaed over u* Ireland in <%]a- 

Iianywith the poet Bdward Youn);,tiwbaiii 
ic was a libonl patron n long as he bad 
any money. Vouii^ dedicated to him hit 
' Revenpc: aTra)i:edy,' in 1731, atld^\lla^ca 
ai-knuwlcdgvd tliu coDipliment by a gift of 
^,(KXM. In Angunt liI7. though h,- wu 
nut yet oitu<teen years old, Wharton «v 
allowed to take his neat in tlui Iriith Hua» 
of Peers, beina introdurad as tli>> Marquis of 
Catherlough by the Earla of Kildare and 
Mount Alexander. He soon dietingudicd 
hitoBelf in debnte 1^ bis zeal for the rorem- 
ment, and became member of severu coo- 
niiltees. A» chairman of one of Ibew, in 
November 1717, he drew up a eongiatnlatoij 
addrcM! to Uuorgi! I upoo ' a happr increui 
in Ihn royal faiuilv.' Early next year tlip 
ministry thought it deeimble to seeurv hia 
tati.'iitit to thi; whig portv br raising hini to 
thp highe-it rank in the Engliith peenvc 
and on t^^ Jan. 17 17-16 be was created Ovu 
of Whnrioti, Northumberland. Charlw U 
had bestovFed dukedoms upon fonie of liif 
bastards whoo tlx^y were, in the legal ai!Ue, 
infaois: othcrwiac this 'was ceruiidy the 
moiit extraordinarr creation of an KugUtli 
dukedom on PBeora.' After mentioning the 
recipient** ' personal merit,' the praamUe to 
the patent reconnts how miioh the 'inTinothk> 
king, Will. IH,' owed lo the gnrnte*'* 
father, ' thiit constant and cotirageoos at- 
serler of the public liberty and protcstoBl 
religion,' and Ww tbc sadu ' C3 




Wharton 



4" 



Wharton 



• 



deseiTCtl so w«U of us in harin); sup- | 
ort«d our iiitt-raAtx by thft urciultl of Iuk 
Dunsflls, ibe forcB of hia wit, ana the &nn- | 
I of bis mind Kt k lim« when uiir tills to 
•nceewion of this tealm was endan- ' 

During 1718 \Miatton appcsn to liavo 
retunieii to his wife ' in tite wcluaion of Ike 
coanrrr,' Asd in Mureh 171^ his only son, 
Ttiviiicui (whi} (liiJ of sDiiill.|)OX wUva buruly 
ayi-iirfili)}, was bom at. Wiiichemlon. ilerc 
aUo he kept up iiLH fntlipr'a etud, atiil wuu 
BVviTa! inatclitrx »t N i-winarKt-l . 'riinHr two 
jeAra w^n; the roost rfipittahle in his carper. 
On 21 Uec. 1719 In.' we« introiJucwd f" tho 
Boiise of LoTfl)i,hi* sjKvn^orft bcinj^ tho DiikoA 
of Kiniplon and Boltou. He at once threw 
illiinftclf into opptMitioii to the ^ovL-mmcnt 
bill for tlic cxKiuHini) of tlio Soutli Siea Com- 

?uiy's eliarler, and in the ilebute of 4 Fub. 
T-K) dt'livtTL-d II Ttolont philippic uffuiiiM 
Hw gfivtnA fonduet of ihc Stantiopi? min- 
iairi-, ' My lords,' lie vociferated, ' there 
wim in till.' nti^n of TiWriu* n fnviHirilH 
miniHT^r, by name Rpjaniw: tho firat step h« 
took was to wean the emperor's iLtrration 
from hi:« ncn; the next to carrj' the cmTHTor 
abroad ; and bo ICome wu ruined.' EMaa- 
hope, in a trunaport of ftn)»cr, r-'plitd by in- 
fltaucing: from the famo history u Koiuan 
father, a. ^r«at patriot, who had a son eo 
prolli^Qtt^^ that be had him whipped to di-Ath. 
V'liartoa's altacli jiruvi'd ibv immt'dlnt^ 
cauae of Staiiboji^'B deafb: for in hi« fit of 
ptiHBion lie brokL- a blood-vcuKl, and hi- dii'd 
the iinxt day. 

About tbe same time that lie was do- 
nOLinciiiK viov in hij{h pUccJi, iitwI invokin^f 
exampW fiMm Koninii hiRtnr>' for llie benefit 
of the lords, Wharton was opcominjr noto- 
rious as piT'idcnt «f thti 'Hcll-firv Club,' 
for the Bupprewion nf which binly a prxwla- 
tnatiou wna issuod by the king on )16 jVpril 
17^1. lu connection with this net ion ii^iiii^l 
'profligateclubs'Whartonjsays l.ord Miihon, 
'playud a slran^t' farce. Ilu wunt down to 
tbe lIou«e of ly^rtlx, dpclnn-il ihaV hi- wbk 
not, as wofi thought, a putn)i] of bhutphemy, 
and, pulling out nn old fnmiiy bible, pro- 
eaedea with a Kanctitipd air to ijiinte si^vfiml 
t«xts-' His next prominence was a« an op- 
ponent of th* bill of poin« and ponultios 
Kgainst Attcrbury, in the great debute about 
which, on lo May 17-3, he delivpivd a long 
and able upt-ecb. Tbi« oration, which aflbrdt) 
the bt'st cril<?rion we have of A\'harioii'a un- 
doubted talents, wiui piibliHlii'd in 1723, and 
WB* aft'Twnnin ])Tint«"d u a tiiippleuienl tu 
lti!> ' Works.' Thifl ia thp last apecch hy 
Wharton rejwrfi'l in the ' Parliamwntary 
Ilistory,' but he remained in England thneu 



years longur, di»)>ipatiug (be laat fragmeDta 
of bi» i-atat4'. 

A lu-weeklr opposition paper entitled ' The 
Trim Bril on, winch he stmrtpd on 3 .Tiin« 
172."}, came to an end on 17 Feb, 17J-1 (No. 
74), Shortly after this bis property waa 
p1(ict>d in the hands of lruet«i'.4 for the 
benefit of hia creditor*, aud he wav allowed 
no more than l,yiX)/. a Tear, According to 
his uwu accirunt ht- hau lost owt L20,000f. 
in tbt- South Sea *cheme. In 17^3 he had 
ttotd luH Rathfarubam ustatea for 62.000/.; 
thcua; ill ItiickinghnniJihirii wi^n- aold in I72S 
to the trustees of the Diike of Marlborough. 
Vet early in 1726 he computed hia debta al 
0T*r 70,000/. TwoyetiTi lal*r hid colhvtion 
of pictures (including several VanPycks and 
L<'!y9l wfis sold to Sir Itob^rf Walpole, and 
in 1730 his Wefltmorland entatvtt went for 
2(i,00(l/. to Sir Itobert Lowther. 

In till) ffiuantimo, during iIk* wintt<r 172G- 
17'J(\, Wliarton bad left Kugland for Vienna. 
Thert; he optmly adopted ihit cauMi of 
'JftnixH HI,' front whom lin now roeeived 
the fianer and hia patent aj* Duko of Norlb- 
umberland. Frotu Vivniiu he whh aent to 
Madrid to AMist Ormnnde in nrciuung for an 
expedition, and to vindicate tiie late separa- 
tion in the I'retonder'a family. (Sir) Beiya- 
min Ke«Qo, (he lOngli-ih niiniiter, gives a. 
vivacious account of hia doings at tbeSpaniab 
court. The r!paniard5 had some c\cu»c for 
tlic r«Iuctunco Ihey >howed to treat with an 
ambasaftdor who was pi^rpetually drunk, and 
' scarcely ever liud a pipe uul n't bis mouth.* 
Hf Mngffi-n-d into Kiviie'tt roonw one day in 
his Star and Garter, and tbu ntinislerdid &ot 
frid liiinxtilf ohlipt^d to havr bim ej«ct«l ; for 
' (u> Up id nn nverlasting talker and tippler, 
he might laviah our somelhiag that might 
bt' of iiM> to know.' He declared upon tDia 
nccasioti that tlu' cbevalier'a affairs had. 
hitherto bopn mann|rcd by the Diichcea of 
I'cnh iind ihrvc or f*ur uiln:r old women at 
St. fiennains but that hf was now ' prime 
ininii'tcr,' and would put things in 'a right 
tmin,' tw Ki-i-ne woiibl wion percive by the 
fall in Knglieh atnrka. 

tn May 1726 Wharton h*'iird of the denth 
of hiii tirat wife, and two months later, at 
Madrid, he married Maria Tht-resa O'XeiU, 
daughter of Htnrj- crHfime,ftn Iriab colonel 
in liie Spanish service, by Uenrietla (I'.VeiU, 
Th«< ludy was tnaid nf honour lo the (juoen 
of Spain, who wm« with difliculty pm-i^uaded 
to giVK hi-r ronaent lo the match. Previous 
to the wedding ceremony Wharton au- 
nnunci'd hii> roiivcrsion to (-ntboliciiiui. An 
order whirh h« receiTed under the privv 
evnl to rvtum to England was (rcated with 
o»t«ntutiou$ contempt by Wharton, who woa 




WTiarton 



4" 



A\Tiarton 



occupu^ during ibU tumner vitli on eUbo- 1 
mt* project for llis rMtdration of thv l*n- | 
iBodw by iDtuuis of bd uULunot^ iHrtwtM-ii the , 
«iDp«ror, the czar, and tliA court of Spain. , 
The plu), IB cipher, eventimllv ft>ll into tht> 
liAiiut) of tli« 1>uki> of Ntfwciu'tlc. Tijwfcrda ' 
the «insn rtf 17^n lu> went to Rnmc with bis 
wife, in order to be nearer his enactor ; but 
■he could ROl kwphinifc'lf within tlwbonnda | 
of the Italian gravilT,' and to avmd &caudal 
be waaordervd b<Lck to Spain. In tJie sprinf^ 
of ]>'27 he a»ked pur[ui»»ioQ of i'hiiip IV to 
aervti as a volunl«wr at ttie siep^eof (iibriillar, 
wid wiu appoinlvd aidiMl4M.'amp1utheC'ondc 
de ioa Tom*. l*'or Uiii> act, baviii^r bevn in- 
dicted far high Irrautun. bu was (informally) 
OUllawvd by a mvoltitiria of the Ili.>iiiivi nf 
IjordB on S April 1729. Me was wounded 
in tbv foot diirintf ihe tivffv u|i«rBtioiis by 
tht buiMtinj; of n grcnadi', and wai rewarded . 
by a cominiaflion as'colotwl ngvrcfFatt' in 
tbe Trisli r«){iaiBnt * Ilibernia * in tn« Spanish 
eenrioo. 

Ilia presence bein^ labiwed a( Itome, 
Wharton BCcmB to baro mado aomt^ otlt- 
ttiresof reoouciliatioD to th« Urilieb ^vvni- 
meat (seo bia letter in Ooxi:, H'ntpuif, it. 
aSB). At Parie, in ilay 1728, b" was ro- 
ceired wilb cold pnlitem-M by Ijonl Walpole, 
and proceeded straight from llie anbossa- 
dofAliotiM- (0 diiicwilJilbf nttsinted bivliop 
of Itocheffter. The kdi.-a of hi* eiibmisnon 
WE8 now irireo up, and the trustee* in Enf^ 
land wcni- ord(?r«d to &end bitn no more 
inoaey. Hit last tbtvc yvurs were tprnt in 
rambling about weotem ICiimpt> in ft atate 
of bi-|;^ri', drunkennLff, and nUnost coin- 
piete deatitutioii. Hucli dolt^M a* be ri-d^rtxl 
miin the Prfltauder were at once absorbed 
ttitlier in umw actii of HiMijiation or by a 
oluitomua rabbh} of crtHlitom. Fn the au- 
tumn of 17^11 he relumed to hie regiment in 
Caulnnin, with lh« ideti of lirinjf upon bis 
pay of eighteen pistoles a luoutb. lie wat> 
much dcpreotted by humiliations inflicted 
upon bim by thti military ffuvfrnor of Cata- 
lonia, and in the winter of ITitO bin btialth | 
compliili-Iy broke down. He died, aged SS, 
in the uiona>i(ery of tbK KntTiciacatis al 
Poblei on 31 May 17SI, and was buried : 
DWElday ill the church tli>-rn(f(ir tbe epitaph 
see Noffg attd Qufrif, 0th jmt. i. 01 ). Ilia I 
widow left Madrid fnr Kn(;Iand. and 6ur- 
TiTed nntil 13 Feb. 1777. "ub»i*finR upon a 
smatl !|jpani(ih pension (cf. Hent. Mat/. 17(>0, 
p. 809). She died in r_iolden Sijunre, and . 
was buried in Old St. Fiuicras churchyard. I 
'^Vith \Vbarton*8 death all liia titles Iwcame | 
«xtioct. 

Wharton was occupied nt variuu* iMrrindii 
of bis lifu by litenr)* projects, llifi aim, ac- , 




ooidiay to Popr *'■* ^ emulate iCochiMtr 
ta a wit and Cicero as a seuator. Tbe (ime> 
ments of hix writing that njmmn do linlf 
to justify either pretenHir>D. In 1731 sp- 
peiAd in octavo, at Bonloeoe. * Selr'cr and 
Authenttck I'iecew wrilu-n by (he latebu^ 
of Wharton, vix. His speech nn tbe (tfij^iBg 
the Hill to inflict Paina and Penaltifd on 
Fratteis, Lord hiabop of Iloehoter. 
siofde Protest on tbot oocaaioa. Hi* Lvt 
to the Bijhop in tbe Tower. Hi* Letter j 
" Mist's Journal," Auj;. '1\, 17i!8 [on all 
on Walpole in the form of an nllegurv'. 
Keasous for leaving bi« native country and 
espoiuiiug tliM ennsft of his royal .Ma«t 
King James III.' Xext year appr^arr.! 
two roliiuK^ the 'Life and W riiinfts 
I'bilip, Duke of Whartrm' <^I«Btlon. hvo' 
compri^inK the'Tme Untou'aiid the* 
on behalf of .Mterbury. Theae vnluinee 
contain prftctirally all ifiai. Wharton WTDt& 
with the exo-ptinn of a few parodies WM 
Mitirif, notably a bumoroue cpijtle in ve: 
htmi Jock Sheppard to Ibf Karl of MaccI 
fti'ld, and * On tbe Banishment of (.'in-ra; 
(i.e. Atierbury), wbicb appear in the 
volume of the ' New Foumliiiig Hijniiihl fc 
Wit '(ir&4, pp. L'l>l~8li),and a ballad called 
'The ]>rinkiiig Match at Kdon Elall,' in imi- 
tation of Chevy CbsAp.' Tliirt last appcand 
in 'Wharloniana' ((»ndon, 17:^, :! vobi 
l^nw), rcprinrod in I73S as ' The Poeitra) 
Works of Philip, laic Uukc ..f Wharioa.' 
tbe catcbpenoy title of u worthleM mi«eci* 
lauy ci:>utaiuin|{ tbrov or four short piwes at 
most from the dukcV pru icf. NtCKOU, ^Ifuc. 
hjemt,\.'lh\ lUti'H, .IfiJr. Potna, [ill. AS, 
131). 

Tlie career of WhartAD acemi ^«ia]' 
odapled In point a momi, and it is «tat< 
thoiigli not very cuncIusivciT, that Dr. V 
and Samuel iticbardson bad him tU; 
when tht'y elaborated the portraits 
tivcly of Loreoxo (in •Nijjhl Thoi 
and IxiveUce (in'Ulari*4>a'>. Hh is 
Pope to have been intimate with Col 
Francis Ciiarieriii [(|. v.], tlw Eroatest scoi; 
drel uf bis uge, hut he hicked Cbarteri: 
consisteucy, and was subject to apie fits 
superstition in the intervals of blaspboa;^ 
and lilD'Hinage. He sppeKrs slao to bare 
been an arrant coward, a trait which, ac- 
cording to Swift, be inherited fnim 
{Zrandfnthcr. His dominant cUameti'ruii 
perhaps, was a kind of puerile maliiw, ^u 
as thai which prumptad bim to Biuskh t 
windows uf the Kn^Iiiib amba^Kadnral Pi 
in I7l(i, or to pbwea liliolliiuo caricntiuv 
I'ope in ifae hands of Lady Wort ley (or, 
Iw ralliHl her, ' Worldly ') .Slontaf;u. Uotltv 
M'alpole relat«a that be promised bis loji 





Wharton 



4<3 



Wharton 



Kupjiort to luH father, Htr ituWrc, in tbs Ac- 
t#rbiirj- case, ftndl on tlm tl«y jjivtIoiw U* tho 
dfhftTi* oiUed iipfin tlifl ininiatfir to ask for a 
few liintfl; when the dpbnte ctita« un hv 
Utilised tbcM hints for hin eratt speech 
amiii.st the ^Ternme'nr. Poiws portrait of 
' W'liarton. the sconi and wona«r of our dnyfi.' 
!□ hi» ' Epii^cli' [ij to Sir Uichard Temple is 
n master[iieee of dehiieation, in whicli little 
pxag^enitiuQ i» apparunt : 
Thus vitk vaeh gift of Datum and of lul, 
And tHkiitiiii; DOihiug bat ad honrnt h«nrt; 
Orijwn all to »U ; (rvm no ono vico ewmpt ; 
Ami moEt oonl«tnptib]« to shuii caniciapt; 
Bit i>a«*ian utill. ti> rovct gan'ml praiw, 
Hi* lifp, to forrciL it n. tluiUMnml vrayi"; 
A mnnaot boanty which no friniLd hns mitdu: 
Ad angol tongna, whifh nn mnn mn pnt^uailn; 
A fo'>l with m'iri' fif trit llinu liiilf iii;iukiuJ; 
Too nu>li for tkouiiht. for (tclion too tviAued.; 
A tjrnnt to (tir wifi.- liia hanrt. iippniTcs ; 
A rcl»l to l.lio rcry ltin(( lie lurea ; 
H" diu9. tad vutaiAt of mcii church luid state, 
AtM, hAivlftr atiU, Hiijritioiis, yat not groat. 
A»k you why Wh»rliju bntltr ihmugh cv'i^rule? 
Twaa all for feat* the knaves Bhriuld etill him fool. 

Ill thu ]>ortniit by Charity Jcrrait, in which 
he appears in his diicul n>liu)i and unnini;, 
"Wbarlon in dfpicl<*il ax T^»«inb[gtii||rliiA fathi-r, 
hut dncid-'tlly more hancJeomiv Of the «d- 
mirablti' mwitotint ^'n^^uv^-tl bv.f. Hitnon but 
ihrt^ copies w+iro known to Pfinlonor Smith. 
Onfl of thp«> ifi in the lirilish Museum 
print-room [ .Vezsttfin/" Vorlmit*, \i. 1124). 
TlicsflnH'porlrait wftsongravi'il byO. Vnrtup 
a* a frontispiece to the 'Life and Works' 
(1733), and byGeremia for Waljiolt)'*' Royal 
and Noble Authora.' 

^A Mcnioir of Philip, Duko of Whnrtun. wa« 
tBanai] RnpamtRly in 1711 (Lundon, Svo), and 
WBKKDbKH^uciitly prrflxed tothf^Lireand Works, 
Thi* fomw lh« oaais of the long notice* in 
Chalmena Biocraphi'cal Dictionary, in tbeEog- 
Itsh ryciiipfitlm. anrl similar works. Joseph 
Ttilaon lull! I'r. Lanjihi.irii«> am br.i.h i»«ii) (o have 
fiirmed a project of writiuK^h'.' ilijko'slife, aad to 
liii\-c Collected njnteriivls: hul thcMemoirof 173) 
iia« not "upTse'iM nntil 1 S9ft, whrn wn* piib- 
lithod • Philip, Duke of Wharton,' by Mr. John 
K.RohinaoTi, ScoalaoDoylii'aOfBdalBaronuce; 
G. E, Cfoknyne]'* Comjloto pMnftn; Pkrlia- 
m«nlarr History, vol. Tiii.: Oent. feUg, 1830, i. 
IS : UiV. ItM. Ohron. Diary. 172» p. 2J, 1731 
p. 29 ; SpenM « Anecdotaa. ed. Singer, p. 237 ; 
Sprard'a AniK-dotM : Pt^'a Worki. ed. Elwin 
and CoHrthope. ill. 63 sq, ; YmiBg'B Works, ed. 
Dor»ii, 1H64; Wnlpole's Boyal and Nohle Au- 
ibore, ed. Park. iv. 121-32 ; ArmstronsCs Elim- 
beth FamMe, 18II2. pp. IBU. 208; Raecoll's 
l-VceotricPenMoages. ii. I80-3(J2; Jpivos t>>nrl 
of EnRland naderth* House of llanovnr; K. R, 
WfaartOD's Whartons of Wharton Hull, 1808 ; 
Wharton's Wits acd Ilcanx of .Society ; Cbam- 



ben's Book of Daya; LipKomhV IJuckiaghain- 
ehire, iJ. IQA; Maeanlay's Ijfo of Attcrbnry; 
/.edkrs UniYonuil Lrxikon, ITIJt, l». URS-7 ; 
Whiirtim Collertioiis ill the Budluias Librae; ; 
Brit. Mas. Cat.] T. S. 

WHARTON, rniLIP (pieudoiiym of 
John CockbuTii Tbomnoii, 18M-1B60). [Soe 
undcrTnoii80fr,HKXBYW]L[.UM(BrBBLBT), 

WHARTON. THOMAS, first Baboh 

\Vil*llTON (U!!o?"l.'.68), bom about 1496, 
wan the eldest son and heir of Tbomaa 
Wbrtrton, by his wifw A|^ea, daugbter of 
Reynold or It»>)finnli^ Warctin of Snydale, 
Yorkshire. The Whartons had held the 
manor of Wharton, on the rivor Edt^n, ' be- 
yond the dato of any record* extant ' fCau- 
Dl»% Britanuia. p. 'lIHS): tlio first lord's 
grtaT-BTandfatLcr, Tiiomait, rcprcjtontwl 
Appleby in parliauieut in l-l.'l*i-7 : histrratid- 
falhcr, Henn* Wharton, held Wharton of 
th<! Clilliirdn in 14>'>2, and married Alic«, 
daughter of Sir John Cony*'ra of Hornby; 
his fatlitT, TbomiiH, appt'sn to htiv« bi-eo 
clerk of tilt- wars with .Sootlaiid. ami to have 
died about I5S0. The younK Thomas was 
floon initialod into tho tni'thods of bordor 
warfare, and in April IS-*;? served on a raid- 
ing fxpi-dition into Scotland. On 10 Feb. 
\^}1^-X hi! wu plut'ml un tho commiiiHion for 
the }H.>aco in C'umberhvnd, and od '^ Jun« 
15',7 he is said to have been knighted at 
Windsor, but the Urst oucaetou on which hu 
i* *» stylpd in eontiiiiiiioraiT documents is on 
I 30 June IMl. To the • Reformatioa" par- 
liiLincrnl that mft on S Xov. lo:'9, Wliaiion 
wa.! ndiimpd for Applnby, hut on tin- 9th he 
wa« pricked for ^ilierifrol C'litnbL-rlnnd (Lri- 
trrt nnd Pnjttrf, iv, i()9l : JAMt* of Shfrift, 
I89S, p. yy). OnSOJuneieai he woa Bi>. 
pointc:d commissioner for rodri^ss of outragva 
on tliv bard(;r«, not) frutu this lime onwards 
occurs in innumerable commiasioos for tb« 
same and tumil&i puipoaes i^State Pafitrt, 
ll<*nry Vltl, vola. iv. v. piuuim). On 6 Feb. 
iri3t-2 he woe made jnslitn' of the peiice for 
the Kiwt Hiding of Vorkubir"', nnd nn 1 9 March 
for North 11 mb<!rland, and he wa^i almoai in- 
Tariably included iu the commiasions for 
Cumberland and \^'c*t•moTland. Id I/V32 
he appeara to have been captain of Cocker- 
moutb, and, as comptroller, waa associatod 
with thu tliirl of >(>rthumlK'rlaDd in tho 
(jovtrnment of llw? marnhea, in which capa- 
city he was said to 'dolhebing^fat son'icL' 
by hi* wi«w counccl and Kxpt^rit-nc.' On 
20 .Tune Ifiiil Northnmherlantf rw-ommended 
^NTiartoa'a appointment iia caplain of Car- 
liale, * 8erinji( m yc know hia i.« min* own 
hacd,' sad on 9 July ho waa commissioned 



Wharton 



414 



Wliarton 



toiiuiiiin) lata tlw 'mnwii*' of WilUmn, ' 
tiuui bariin Uaem of OiUeBUtKl. keaiiut 
NonliumlxrliiDd; L>wcto wm bn.•u^l(I to 
trial, bm. orquittnl liy liU p^-iTn. <(n "J"! Nov. 
IffSA Whiirt'iii waa aaain iip|KHDl«d sheriff '►f 
CutnWr1iin<] (/,m/* o/SArnfi*, [>. 2ft). 

During the onn)i'>rii reiX'lliniiii of 1&3*J 
Whuftoii, ill •pitB of familT pneAstira nnd lUii 
ri*ba which lovAltvontniliil.remuneil faithful 
tolhmry VUl. 'inHciob^-r I.536th» retwU 
inarched on his hou»>< At Kirkbv Stephen to 
fofou WharlOa to join them, bHt ne had ' 
ucftped and joinnd Norfolk, under vhotn he \ 
MTved during thu tmiih1u«: ho vu one of | 
th«f king'fl r>-[irr>iutnt4itivKM ill the onferwnci-' , 
at York on 24 Not., with Aska and hie fol- ' 
lower*. His appoint nit-iit n* wardtin of the 
WBM raamhi>a was aiiKK<>fit«d aa a ruward 
for his wrvicfM; but Norfolk thgusht thnt 
he ' wonid not lerve will ha a wnrd^n,' and 
recommended llcnry C^hfford, first earl of 
Cumberland, for thw t>ost. Uluirtoii wao, 
howovi-r, on 28 Junt' lfl37 appointed dt-piity 
warilcii, fiud iti tlw narae year wos acting as 
tt Tiait-ur of munuati'rii'd in CumbrrluDd 4().vk- 
QCBT, ti. 185). lie itii-rtm to hare bei'n di*- 
liked 1»T iha older nobility aa one of thu 
' nitw ' aimi on whom th" Tuiloni r«!ied ; tbu 
MuBf^ari^a 'did not love him,' the Dacrya 
and ClilTorda won* ppivistvntlv lig«ti1«, and 
on n Jan. IftSft-ft Itobert HolBat* [l-^)> 
bishnj) of IjlandnfT and pre«id>>nt of tlw 
oouncil of the north, reported that Wharton 
did 'good aen'ici', IH di1ifn>nt, and dUmt't. 
It were a pity that the disdain of his neigb- 
bonra should dtacourngo Wira' (Let frn and 
Papvn, XIT. i. *iO). On 17 Nov. 1539 h" was 
(or the third timi> appointod BherilT of Cum- 
barluiid; on i\ May 1541 Iil' s-Qt liviirv an 
acoonnt of thft fltnie of Scotland, and on 
29 Oct. the king ordered him lo ruvt>ujii' the 
buminjf of »onic h«rnj« nnaT Btm'owlilc iy thi* 
Scots ; two 4lays lat>ir Im added this captaincy 
ofOarlittle lo his offiiTf nf cippnly warden, 
and on 3 Jan. 1541 2 hrt wan nrr.tim<'rl to 
pttrliament aa kiiigbt of the shire for CVm- 
berland. 

■ During 15-lii both Enulinh ajid ScoI«wi»r« 
preparing for war, and Wharton laid before 
Hbnry a »t:humt; for raiding Scotland and 
•ftixiitg thu {Mrr«an of JaintM V uL Ijonlimabeji 
(State Papert, v. 206). TliQ rounril. how- 
vrvT, disiipprovi'd of lh« idi.m, tiiid Whar- 
ton oonl.<>nU-d him^ielf with burning Oiim- 
friM on 5 Oot., und on 23 Nov., with 
another * warden's rod p,' 1,0. a day's foraj', 
doing aa mucli damage as ho could in the 
timo, Meauwhil'.- the Scots had planned an 
extotiMVO inviiitun of thu vf<.:st marchcif, of 
whiclt Wharton was kept hourly informed by 
Itia Spied. Atsiip7i«r on thu 'i^idW received 



deflnit« tnforiBataon of an attack im[ 
on the n»OTrow, Tbp Seot« ■»*» aaul to I 
foart'.'m, or wen tweoly. thouMuid »tn»g, 
while Wharton coald only muat«r a fnr 
hundreds. WUh tbeae ho watched the frt>-', 
givM of thtt Scota or«r tlte E»k dtiii(i|f the * 
24th ; towards erraing ho attadtfd their 
left; nnder the incompetent Olivier SiBclair 
fn.v.', the ScoCa g<(>t entanj^led in Solway 
Mosa at the month of the riTer. Kaomooc 
numbcra, including many nobles, wrv taken 

firisonors, atain, or drowned, while ibo £Djf> 
ish losa wua triftisg. ^'hartoti'a oficial r^ 
port of the balllv to the Earl ofRertiord, 
n«>fnt.lT diACOTHTwl >U)oiig (ht* p«prr% at 
Ixinglfat,i!t printed inthe ' IIamilti')n I'apsn' 
(1$90. vol. i. p|). Ixxsiii-ri), atiddiflervinat^ 
rially from 1'made's account , which is bated 
on Jvoox ( Work^, vi. Laiog, i. ti>5-9). 

In the following year Whartoa waa ooen* 
pied with Dumerons forays into Seotlaadi 
and with intrigoea to win ovit dixafiected 
ScoU noblea and obiuo ctHitTolof tbeaoitUi* 
weal of tM-otUnd. For hia aorriooa in iban 
mKtt«n and at Solwav Uoas he wia earij 
in 154%~1 raiaed lo tn« UH«rag« aa Bam 
Wharton. The fact that his [iftteiit waa BOt 
•.•nri>ll<-d mid cnuld not be Ibiind led to the 
aA.?umplinn that he waa ercat^ hj writ 
of summons to parliament truja 30 Jan. 
1544 5 to aO Sept. 15titt, in which ca*e the 
barony would deacetid to hia beirs gettenl 
and not merely to hia heirs male, a« in the 
caae of creation by patent ; and in l&lS-l 
Chadee Kemeys-^Eynte, a deaoeaidsBt in tbi 
femalf> line, laid claim to the barony, wkkA 
was coueidvred extiuct «incu the outlawryof 
l*hilip, duke of Wharton [O-v.], on 3 April 
1729. Tht.' llouiw of LunU decided that tlu« 
outlnwry wim ilh-gal, and, assuming the 
baronv to liave been created by writ, de- 
claret! Kemeys-Tynte hrir ti> a third pan of 
the barony (Coubthoi-e, Pferagf, p. .VJ©)t 
There is, howewr, no doubt that the barony 
was crmtcd by patent ; on 20 March Io4iM 
Uertford wrote to Ilenty XUX that be bad 
on the Idth at Newcastle dellrerad to 
WhartoB the king's letters patent, oreatiiig 
liim ft baron {Uamilton np^rr, ii. *18; 
Aoadtmy. 1890, i. 489; G. E. C[okatxe> 
0,mi,lfte Fenratjr, v'di. 124, IW; cf. Ha'' 
field MfilS. I 27, 2?), and the decision of I 
llousu of Lordt) wns thvn>for« erroQeoos. 

Throughout 15-1 1, after acting aa 1 
sioni-r to draw up tenus with tho 
Scots for an English invasioo, and bmngi 
fowd leavo to accompany Henry to FnndT 
cm the ground that he could not ba eflMt 
from the narebes, Wharton kept guard at 
Carlialo while Hartford captund Bmnbuigh. 
Border fomys and intrigoas with Angni, 





Wharton 



4<5 



Wharton 



Qlencairn, MaXTrell, and other Scottish 
peen, who prof>.-«««d to il-rsiro ilic raarrisge 
of tl»e youiw CjLii>en Mfirj to I'rinc*' Kdwara, 
•fforded Wfmrton avtivH I'lnplovuH^Eir for 
the mrst of Hfitiry VIII * rnij^ii. Wltb rht- 
neoeotiion nf Edward VI a ^uat «>Sl>rT was 
made by Snmprdut to CJHnpli-lo th>' inniTi«g« 
betw«i-n Mary and t\w ynung kiiijr- and a 
pretext for Iii» in»ii«ion wa« nfibrdiKl Iiy 
a Scottish mid in Marflh 1010 ". On ilw 
'/Aih tlie council aakfd Wlmrton for two 
d»pat£hes, one girin^ an exact accoimi: of 
til* raid, th« uthcr muttiiifyiiifc tlie number 
of raider* aiid towns pilla^'ed. The latter 
wani intetided to juelify Kti);liHli ruprisuls in 
till" t-y*** of ihii FrBni'li King and pri'V**iit hi« 
giring aid to the Scnta (A'-f* P. V. 1547-SO, 
p. -161; -Sklve, 0>rr. PuL p, iMy In 
SepTombf-r following, TvhilttSrtnrvf-rsftt invaded 
Scotland from Berwick, Wharton iLiid tlw 
Earl of Lbjinox cr^atrsl <i (liri-r<ion liy nn 
incureion on thi; west. They lett Carlisle 
OTL the Itth, with two thousand fuot and fiw 
handrpd hono, aiid on the LQtli captured 
Milk Oa«tl«; on the following day Annan, 
and on the l*th Dronuli, Hummdcrcd, but on 
lh« Utii lliiiy rrtHfin-d to CurUftleifxplaininK 
their lack of furthi^r supceflM by want oi 
victual and ordnance. Wharton wm cx<;ur(tid 
att^ndanc<^ at thf> pnriumg eamion of parliar 
mej] t , his prese Dce bei HK ii(-'«ded on t he honlcre. 
la the aiitunin Williani, thirt.>.mtli hiiron 
Grey do Wilton [q.T.], was appointpd warden 
of the ea«t marctiM, but hi» nelntinns with 
WTiatton were strainftd, and hd ovi-ntTinlly 
to a challenge from Henry Wharton to 
Grey, though Somerset on tt Oct. 1549 for- 
bade a duel. This want of hannouy pr>> 
bably tanlrihuti>d to the failure of th^ir joint 
inT&eiou of Seottand in FL'hruary lu-iT-i!^. 
"Wliarlon and l.<>nn()X h>fl (VHislit on the 
SOth, sending on Ilenn,- Wharton to bum 
Dnunlanrig and l)itrii«d«H>r, W'hnrtnn htm- 
Klfocounipd DutDfrioa »nd I^onhmaben, lint 
on Ihp yijrd a body of ' OMured ' Scota under 
Maxwpll, who accompanied n«-nr%- Wliarton, 
clinngi'd Hides joined Angua, and compelled 
Henry Wharton, with his caTalry, to eAfape 
acroM tb'.- iaoualain.«. News vrna brougM 
to Carli*li* thai tin: whole r-.tpi^dil ton had 
SLTtHlicd, and flivy, who had noDL'trutfld a« 
far a" llaildington, n*lmtl<'d. In tvilIiIv tlo* 
ScotA, aft*r thfiip defeat of Ilennr "Wharton, 
were themwlve* ivpuUwl by hi» fntln-r; 
many worn capturni or killRd, but Wharl>nii 
was forced to retreat, and Dumfries again 
foil into Scottish hand:*. In rcTpngc for 
Mo-xwell's treason, Wharton hanged hia 

aes at Carlisla, and thuif initiated a 
ig feud betwfitin the Wharton^ and the 
MmxwHIm. 



After SomcTspt's fall in October 1649 
Wharton'* iilscuas wardou was taken hy bis 
rival, Lonl Doc-re: hut early in lotiO Wharton 
■rvB9 a]>point<.-d a commissioner to arrange 
' terms of penre with ScM liiiid nnd afterwards 
to dividu the debatable land ; hi} wm one of 
tht' jjpiTu who tried and I'undamned Somcr- 
M-tou 1 Dec. lOfll. On 8 Mareh 165l-:J 
th« i;ouMciI effected a reconciUal ion bi'tweuD 
W'harton and nacru: and when, in the fol- 
lowing summer, Northumberland ^-(Tiired hia 
own a]tpointmcnt as lord-wardi-n-jfenvm!, 
j Wharton wn,« on 31 July numinatt^d bin 
dfjiutv-warden of the ihri'H Miiiri.-lK'ui < Koifal 
' MS. iJi C. xxir. f. L»4fl A). On Edward Vl's 
I death Dacri! sidt-d at onc« with MurT, and 
' it was roportwi tliat 'Wharton wa* (irming 
againut him. If Wlinrion ever had thi^ in- 
; tontion he quickly ahnndnn^'i] it, and .Mary, 
niH/clinK at least to disbelieve lh>! acL-usa- 
, tionn afrnintn him, continued him in ihv 
! office of warden, while liit< eldeol son became 
oncof tlwqucon's trusti'dcoufidaiit-i. Dncre 
was, however, ap|K)inted warden of the west 
murcbofl, Wharton conliuuing in (be east 
and middlu marvhef, and rt'sidinp mainly nt 
Alnwick. WhartouH own sympulliiee were 
cumorvativfl in rvUgioua matters; ho had 
TotMl Ngaln«t thv act of ISl^-d enabling 

Srieets to marry, ogaini^t that of 1o49 for the 
estruction of the old service books, and 
against thr' socond act of [iniformity in \'A2, 
though he had acttnl a» chantry commi*> 
aimwr nnder the disBoiution act of 1M7 
(Lsicii, Engfifh tScAaols nt /Ai- Rffarmalian, 
ii. 185). 

In apit« of advancing yeara, Wharton i^ 
tained his wardeory itirouclnmt Mnrj-"* 
rt'ign. the Ear! of Norlbiimlwrljind being 
joiiiwl with him on 1 Aug. 15fi7 whr-n frtsh 
trouble with the Scola wn* imminent owing 
to tbuwur with France. In tht- parliament 
of January lfifi7-8 a bill was iiiCroducod 
into the llouse of Lords for nitnifhing the 
bchnrioiir of the Earl of Cumberland's eer- 
taiits and tenants towards Wharton, but it 
did not get berond the first ruuding. In 
June l'"i60 Norfolk, then lieutenaut-fiFnetal 
of the north, strongly urged Wharton's an- 
pointmt-nt oa captain of Berwick, as likely 
to ' provuut all misfartunes that mig^it fail,' 
his rBitorution to thit wi<st marches beiug 
imnoHsiblu hecnuse of hU feud with Max- 
well, whcj wan MOW friendly to the English 
{ilatfifld AfSS. i. 200, 2^9). The recom- 
mendnlion woe rapjp&rently not adopted, 
either Ivtcause of Wlinrton a age, or becanm 
he was rendered inspect by his eoa's con- 
dnct. llo Mtw no furtlter n-rvicw, died at 
Uelaugh on :23 or 24 Aug. lotit^, and waa 
buried there on 22 Htyt. ITis will was 



< 



\\Tiarlon 



416 



Wharton 



proTfld U Yori^ oo 7 April I-ITO, and tlwn 
H» aoBBBMiU to iam Ml Bciftogli uk) 
ErUr Siakii, vkm fe fitndid • pmm- 

wWitaa w«a twin Bam^: fint, fe- 
tate 4 Jnlj IftlS^ to Elemi^ dugbt«r of 
&r Unru Sualctoa of WmUU. new He- 
1^; wd^MCMkdW.OB 18 Kor. IMl.u 
An*, Mcoad dbanter of Fruteu Talbot, 
fifth «Arl of SbnwAiurT 'q. v.', bv whom Kc 
bad aa i«a«. Hy Iiu lint wife ha had 
(1) TTwmai. aeedod bana (sea bdow^; 
<9) Sr Bmur Vihuum, a ihihi» War 
of bmnir, wbo •vrrrd in manr boroffr nida, 
was knigfaied on iA Feb. I'54f-S forhu ser- 
Ticm dnring tbv Mcp^diiton to Donadaer, 
ltd th« bone to the relief nf HaddtnMoa 
in July 1M8, and di«d withoat issae about 
ISSO, baTine marrwd Jane, daughter of 
Tbonaa MauWerer, and afkerwda wife of 
Koberl, »ixth banoo Ogle : (S) Joanna, wife 
ofWilUam Pi-ain^tDiiof MuMsatcr,aBetMor 
of lb« lUroiiK Muncaater; (4) A^Mi^ wife 
of Sir Richard MuaftraTP. 

Th« t<\dr*x aon Tbomab, wcond IIakos 
WHASTD5 (lS20-157a>. bom in 1330, also 
aaw much uprricr i^n thn biirdm, and was 
kniriltn] bj Hi>rtfordat Nnrham on :i3 ^ot, 
]&£. lie wa* returned to parluun«nt for 
CumberUix) on ^ Jan. IftU-ft. 2ft Sept. 
1M7. and l>8 Sent. I.VIS, fir Hpvdon, York- 
sbirv, to the parliament sumtnineH to meet 
on SApri] l-VH, and for North umhcriand, 
wbare ui» father was warden of the ea«t 
marries, oo 10 Oct. lo5d, and aj^in for 
that county a« well as for Yorkshire to thf 
parliament •umokoned to nte^C on 1*0 Jftn. 
in.')7-8. On 27 Not. 1&4T ho was made 
tdi«riflfof Curnberland, and in FVbruani' foK 
lowng wta left aa deputv at Carlisie durins 
hu fiithei'a invasion of 8co^land. Tn 1>>^^ 
he ie »aid t'O bare become steward of th<^ 
Prinoea^ Mnrj^V bouaehold ; that he had b^- 
contK obnoxious to NonbntnberUnd may bo 
ueomed from tfat; fact thai he wa» excluded 
from the partiam^nt of March In&lJ-S. 
Karlv iu July he wax with Mary nl Km* 
ninz'intl, and e_icorted her thence to Fram- i 
lingnam Castle; upon her avcesKLan ho be- 
came master <if tit*' licncbmrn, wiw swoni of i 
the priTj- council, and throuf;hout the reign I 
raivly mioeed nlti-mlinff it» mpetinpi. Maiy I 
n^wnrded him with the ffrant of Vcwhall, | 
Itoreham, and other muaora in E&sex; but * 
on Eliinboth'!' ftccrwion ht' wan <-xcUid«d 1 
tiom patliumenl and the privv council, and 
ill April l&m wa^ iniprisoncu for a time in 
tbv Tow T for tii'ttriug mtu>)>. Hv euccet^'iled 
AH ."WMid BarnN Whartou on ^>',i Aug. IfiOS, 
bat died on 14 ]im.e\&'i^,uuL waa baried 




wWeatmmstsrAbbejr. H<tmarTu^,ioMa» 
1^7, Aaae, dau^fato- of Kobert tUdclilf, 
fir<t earl of SuiKx fq. r.], fav hti woooi 
wife, ]la^Bi«t. dawhter of Tbomaa .Sianl«Tt 
I neoDd mK of IVihj. Thn- oermooj «u 
' afyoiatcd * b^ FtDUwtor Som^raet to take 
pj»«* at I^r IVrbya boiLve ' a month after 
EafterM 10 April 1&47); to r^iae h.Tdow«f 
Su-<Arx Mtld fUdcliffe Tower and other 
LatLCafdilrii estates. 8be died at Nowball OS 
» Jnne IftJI, and waa buried in tb* patiih 
ehvdi at Bore-bam {ffarl. MS. J^7, £ 18: 
MiCBTX. p. 2J»1. By her >\*liarton had 
naoe Pbibp Wharton, third baron (149&- 
103Q), graadfether of Philip, fourth haniB 
Wharton [q.T.]; Thomas ; Mary ; and Anne. 

[Wltartm'a life oo the botdtrr «iD be tnfed 
ID m l aat ta t dfCail in ihe Uttmiltua i^per\ 
t Tots. 1890, the ind^x to wbicli oontaiiu etna 
aifemns of n&nacM to him ; to (he Cat. Stall 
Papara.Dom.Addaoda.lAlT-e'V.theaddMdabf 
Edward VT^rdfo coe«»liDg malDljcif Wbar> 
tone oovrmondne* ; in Ttiorpe'a Cal. of Seat* 
Hah 8taU f*apen (2 toU. 18M); ia IWa^ 
C ala mlar . ISM, voL i. : in Krewor and OMidDari 
Lritcra «ad Pmyen of H»nrf VUI, aod ia the 
JkeU«f tbt Pnry Coaocil. 15(2-66. id whidi 
the rsfeianoaa to Vbattoa nr« aloKMt u nan^- 
roaa. Seealao State P*pen>, Henij Vin.10 
Tola. 1830^1; KwHeir Sute PapRs : CaL^tan 
Papara, Dml 1 <M7'!(u: Hatfleld MS. tdL i^ Cbn. 
Pol. deOdet deS«ltD(iudei«d v-T/WarUuttl; 
Cal. For. State P^icra. lft47-68 ; Lord*' Jav 
nab; Hiat, HSS. Conn. 2nd licp. pp. >U- 
124. 3Td Rep. p. 47. 4tb Bep. pasrin. «& 
Kep. p. $0S; Liu Ram. of Edward VI fftai- 
bnrgbe CTnb) ; WrioUwalcy a Chrao., Machp* 
Diarjr, Chroa. Ctnean Jane (Camdaa Sge.); 
fMB^iftl KetuTDs of Henibnv of ^rl. : C«tl« 
MS-S. CalifulaB. lii. vii, nod ix pumm- Bui 
USS. em art. 49, 12^3 art. 41, IfiSg ^ 4t; 
I^iaad. MS. cvls. an. 148; Addtt. M^ XUK 
«i)<l. paanm; Bunwt'a Hitt. of the Reformats 
ed. Poeo<^: StiTpes Worlut (Oemml lo^i, 



Bun>«'a Hilt, of Cttmberlaod, pp. Si 
natchintoa'aCufflborland: Burke's KiltMii 
G. K. CfokaynelV Paaragea ; E. H. Whao 
WhanoM of Whwlon Hall, ISW.\ A. P. 1 

WHARTON, THOMAS <16I4-1(. 

i>hy9ifian, onlr son of John AVhjirton 
lU June Itfi!y)*bv his wifo Eli««betb,da« 
ler of lloj^r Hodson (</. I0 Sduch U 
of Fountains Abbey, wb« bom at 'Wuui 
iin-Toea, Durham, on HI Aur. 1H14. H* 
Admitted at Pembroke Collci;t*<, (.'ambv 
on 4 July 10;j8, ami oiatriculaie<r two 
later. He afterward.^ mig'nited to T 
('oUepe, Oxford, wbero he act«d for - 
time aa tutor to John Serope, aatanl 



Wharton 



417 



AMiarton 



of CmBimel, lord Scrope. In lf>4-^ lici wi-nl. 
to Bolton, wlicrTc iio r-nrnincd thwe yt-ars 
studying: find lln-ii, Iiavin^ dycidetl upon 
hi* futurt> pfolfwion, removed to London 
iind fitudiwl n>t.'<liL-iiK:< iuj<Jvr John Dal hum 
[q.if.] In IMfl he relumed to (Jsfnrd, i»iid 
xna CKsl«(l M.I>. on 7 May 1047. llv wa« 
rat«i«(l M n riLndiiliili- of ttu? Itnyai ('olie^ 
of I'hynirianB on 25 Jan. ltJ4t*. choKcn ftdlow 
on -*3 Dec. l6.Mt, inc'irpomtrd nt Cmnljridp? 
oil hifl doctor's d«!gnH^ ''* IQ''-. and lield 
ibw p08t of cynsor of tlie Itoval l-'ollegp of 
J'hysirians in I608. 1661, 1H6<\ liW, Ifl^fi. 
Kiid 1(^73. Wood sillies, though apparently 
incorrectly, that bi-lween 1«C)U and 1660 he 
vrim ODL' of tho l-jutiirt'Dt nt Grushain Colk-ge. 
H« obtiiini^d tlitt 11]) point men t of phvntciaii to 
St. Thomafl'a Ilo^pitnl on '2ii Nov. IfloO, And 
retain«'d it till hU (Wtli in 1117^. Wharton I 
•wbft oni* of lln> very fi?w pliysinianfl who ; 
n;iuamed at hi^ pust in l^ndnn ilnriuK tin- 

wholr of Tlii^ outbreak of lllr"- lllftR'Ut'of ItitiA, 

HiB servicea wen? rucognUed fcya protnUi? of 
ihe first rncnnt Hp]>ointmcnt of physician in 
onliiiary to tlic Htan. When, howMVer, u 
v«caiicv occaiTed nnu be applied for thi; ful- 
filment of tliK' promis', Ijo wti* pni wfi' witli 
a BTuiit of honoiinibln nuirmi»nlal ion to hU 
pat<>mal srmfi, for v;]wh lie iiud to pay Sir 
NViUiam llngdxtp 10/. 

Wliarton died nt hia hmuKi in Alderspit*" 
8tr««i on lo Nov. It!73,andwii8 buried on tlit' 
■JOtW in ihu (-biirch of St, Mirbii'-I ltaKti«baw 
in [Win^liall Hlreet. }Itt niarriM Juni-. 
tl«ii;fbt.T of William Anhbriilp" of London, 
bvwhom boliftil tlmn- .ion.'*: Tliomns falUcr 
ui' Dwtrjn' Wharron (new belnw), Chnrli"*, 
nnd \\'illiaTn: the last two dii_v]yoiiticr- HU 
wifu pri.'di*i;>.*a»cii liim on '20 July ItKiU. and 
woA burit'd at St. .Mtc^iael Kaaaishaw on the 
I'Srd, When, early in 1^97. lU« eliurcli of 
SL Miobfitd'.H waA (HKUianllcd, special pare 
was directed to b« ttitcoi of Wbarton'i! tomb. 

A portrait of bim i* in tln^ W'n,'»or»' roiim 
of thf HaynX Colleirfl of Physicians, and a 
(iinall wal«rc"lour copy by H. It. ilnnling 
is in tW prim -room of thr^ ISriliali Muaeutii. 
All enKravinjj bv White reprfurntinji a mnn 
■vrithlontthftir.nni^n Urp- band witharjuwtti, 
ie jiidgvd by (Tranger to reprt.'sent the ana- 
tomist. 

"Wharton wae a noifld anatomiiit. He dv- 
Bcribrtl tbrt fi;laiHl^ more ftccurately tlipin had 
preTiimsIvbien done, nnd niQ<k' valuable n*- 
HtisroIi'M iiild tlirir niitiim and ii»>-. llu did 
not rmsr wucli to thenri', but. a grual dtal to 
tli[*?«ction and expt'rimpnt. Hi.-wim lbndi>»- 
covi-rt?r of th^ diiot of tha nub-ranxillftry 
gland for the convtyauce of the solivn iiiio 
the mouth, which bi'nr.i hiN namt-. Ilemade 
a special study of the miaute tmatoiny of ihu 

TOL. LZ. 



piincmac. William Oticlitred [q.T,], in the] 
i^pisilG to hh 'CUitIb UatliemAtioie ' (Lon- 
don, itUt;), Hpeakaof Wliarton'a proflcivney 
in llii.^ and other t«ienct)a ; and Walton, iu 
his ' Compleat Angler,' expn.'ooa his in-jJ 
dphltfdiicss to Wharton in tlie 'philosophical 
diteoursu' uf the hiHtorival survey of bis 
subject, and ^alla him 'a dear frit-nd, that 
lor«s both me and ray art of angiinr/ He 
wrotf fciiir Kn^lioli vi*i>(^ iindpr a fanciful 
•.•neraviiig' prefixed to a tranHltitioTi by FliajL 
A»limoli< [q.v,], entitled 'Arcanum, or the 
(irand Si^crot of HprmoTic rhilcwophy/ and 
published in hts 'Theatrum Cbemicuui Un- 
tantiic'iim " (London, 166:1*. Wooil calla 
Wharton ' tht; mo«t belovwd frittnd' of AmU- 
mole. The frienJaliip. bowevKr, auHljiiufd 
t^imu inCrrruption, owin^, Aitfamole save, to 
Wharton'* ' iitibaniUontt> and unfriendly 
dealing ' with him. A (■omplfti! n-roncilia- 
tion look plnc" h'-forM WliarionV di.-jitb. 

Wharton publi-ihrd ' Adr-nojrmpliia ; dire 
glundnlarnm lotius corporis dt-'f^criptio,' I^on- 
don, 1666 (lw.*l wlilion nn noi:oiint of the 
plates): iVmHivrdam. Ui^i); Ober\ve.^-l, )66.i, 
1671,1076; Duwwldorf, 173t.l, I^arKi^portiaoa 
of llie work were printed in Lo ('Icre and 
Manffni's 'Bibliotheca AnatDuiir.a,' (Ifcieva, 
\mi) (i. 200-.-i, ii. 7.-ri-73), Hieronimua 
Harbatiia iu his ' DiMt-rtalio lCI<^.([aiit itwima 
deSan^ine,' Paris, 1667, makes cunsidi^rabl« 
use of WhurCuu's work. 

Hi.* grandson, Ueoiwik "Whaktow (16S8-I 
17a))>, bom at Old i'ark. Durham. on 2.') iJcc. 
16HS, wii* I be tildi-nt .■•nn of Thomas Wharton 
I liV)2-1714), a phvsinian, by hi-i wife Mary, 
dauKlit«r uf Jnhn llall, an alderiunn of Dur- 
ham. He matrif ulmeil from Pembroke Col- 
lo(;e, ('ainhridtfe, on B July ]70tl, and plu- 
copdi'd M.B. in 1713 and 'M.D. on OO Sept. 
17 li*. Me was elected a fullow uf tho Itoyal 
OolIuKe of I'hvaidans on .10 St-pl. I7:;0, wa>i 
L-onwr in 1 "l'.!. 1739. 178-i,8nd lV.'i4. and lieM 
llip potfiiof treaaurerfmm 17:ff liU hin dtiath 
nn 21 March 1739 in hie liouse in Fenchiircli 
StriH't. He tuarrii'd Anna Mnria, daujfhter 
of William Pflltv : but dying obildlcsi*, the 
estat*- of Olil Park poaaei) lo his youiijrer 
brother, Rohort., mayor of Durham, Cieorge 
Wharton presented his graD<tfaihfr'g pON 
trait to thtf Itoyal t-'ollejfo of I'hyHiciaiis. 

[Fotler's Pvt!igre«>a rcconJixl in tht> Vtsitaiinna 
of Diirham. p. 32A ; Foster's Alumni Ojon. 170O- 
1714: W.imV» Athcuie, is). Bliss, ill. lOOO- 
Muuk's Coll, of Pbys. 1, 2W-7. ii. 74 ; Smyth's 
Oliitunry. pp.8'J, 100: Stow's Surrey, (d.&tiype. 
«i)l. i. hk. ill. p. Q8; K>:>«rhiiaTo'» MethoiJotiSliKlii 
Mvdic> ; Wanl'i. PMfnuMiirs of UrMham Coll«c«, 
prof.p.xiK; Wvud'v Hist, and Aniiq. td. Gutfrh, 
ii.ii.a68^Gr*ng*r'sBiogr. Hial. iv. 222; lyinrlon 
Oa»tt«, S May 1897; Adniaiiva BrgiHtons of, 

ftlfc 



Wharton 



4i9 



Wharton 



PecibTokc CoII»]^, I'limbfidBH, per tlw Mitstcr; 
UuiTanril.f K^i'lor". p*rlhc [tt)rmrdry : I'linJi 
Ili<l!iHC«i of Wtii«toD*ii-TiJ»»; Courl Buok uf St, 
Thomiia'd Hoi'i'iiHl. lT. 1 J3. Iflfl ; r.C.C. lOtt I'y*; 



for whirli 1rf]iii:s XtV hul in vsio oSorM 
a ihouKNtid pi*ti>li-s, wav beatirn in ■ famtus 
mnich for IKK)/, in IttlK^ by iht' Uinga twn* 
i*tilf Dick.' C«ri"If M C"mif<l nimf »iunc, Stiff 



1 



T..n..cr lis, in tha BodleUn Libn.rj 41. (129; | fiHrTTSiihcr. v.-t «o gTeiil, Wm tKe retiul 



WHARTON. THOMAS, fint Mabqui" | Ca/mdar; Mnniirjt, y. tMK). In ApriL It 
np W'HUtTbS (llUtt I71'>), tliinl but Ai\e*t tliissamehorsifwon 1,IHX>/. in olftltM*! Nf 
eurriTtnr son of I'bilip, faunh b&ron NVbnr- nmrkut (LirnREix): l)ut Wluiiion'Mi 
tnn'q. V. . by Ills aL<coiid wife, .I»ne,wiu bom i di-lif^lii. in btirai^rftctii); w&s to win pU 
iti Aii^&t r^4K. Tile buv*« ^ni yeBnwttrv, I from tome sod lii(;h-ctiurc)ini<-n,aii() tv\t 
in lli't picLurtM^ui^ language of Mw»ulay, , triumptuxifthislcindArervcorilrd loLutU 
pA.-<M-il amid OracTa Iwadii bewls of Unk | notably t)w rif^iory nt liia borac (!.'haiu> 
tiKtr, uptiimrd t^y«», 0»ml nulmodj, au<] i the l^iinintnii I'tate in Si^brmber I7ILV 
M!Tmnn^tliTiM> hoitr.1 lon^. Wten he fltneigDd l7iU, U-iiig th^ti Hfir-flix, be was ecvenly 
from pQn.>)itul (-ont r<>l l.h« c»vs]i«ni nikjr wvll hurl br & fall from a liorse wbils couniiu. 
IkAvo bcf-n »TArtl<'<l by the diuoluteniSM of VVbartonMntcrNt inpolili<'ai»not]&UKed 
tbe 'emancipalod Drecieian,' who «v1t ne- luitil |l)79,whi-a he Joined bis friends l.<nrd* ' 
quired am) n't«in(.->1 to chi' liut tbo rrnuta- UtiM«II, Cftvemli»h, Knd Colfiht^tcr in bock- 
tion of bdng lht> ^TmLf^t rake in En^cland. infr tlie (exclusion bill. He did not speak 
Hul the abruptness of the transition was in the luwer hoiiiti* aicainni the Bucc«»ioaof 
mitif^ted by the (net rbat he np^nt tvo (hr Dukt.- of Vork.iind it wa'teommonlyau^ 
jrears, 1I}H^ and Ii^-t. in foreiifn tmvfl. in wiM-d that. ' bis father bviug a preabyteriaa, 
coniptiny with bis brothiT Goodwin, risiting h.; wiw afmid of inciirriny llw repi*>«ii of 
Italy uod 4.1i-nunuy in addition lo France fanatirLqm.' In 1080, buwevt-r, vn :% Junr. 
and the IjOw CountriM. Jle enten^l parlia- hv Mipntd the pn«vntinent to ili« Krand jury 
inent in 1673 as mt-mbor lur Wwidover, rw- of Midilleiie!!, iir);ing the indictment of Jaine» 
taitiitig Tliat lu^at until 1079, wbeii liti wan for non-nttt>ndsnr<< at cliitrcht ha voti^d (OT 
n*tarnpd for BuckinghaineUiro alonff with 
I Hic^hard 1Inmp(!r>n, anri 1i>> cinlintW to n>- 
prsdont the connty until tho ui«th of bis 



rBlh>.-r early in Itlttt. yiiortly aftrr his entr 
into parliament hf was, on 16 S«pt. l(i 



itry 
i7». 




thi- i-spln«tm bill in Novemb*^ lOBO, 
vfn<i one of the members who cjirrint it up 
tUi' ilnuse of Lords on Uj Nov. tn SJ 
11(85 Wharton was ou'.' of the very enuil 
minority witi) vnwd ajrninst s«ltll&f;r ths 

narriiidat Addi-rbury,Oxf(>r<)sbirG, io Anne, Ti>vt>iiui' upon Jaiwe fur Ufv, on tbc groaai 

danffHl^^ of Sir Ilpnrv l^ee, fifth baronet of , that a portion of thi» Kum trnul'l be derMri 
iDitcbley, with whom lie had 10,000/. dowry -' ^ . . t:.. . 

and 2,rJO0/. a jtrhT [Mx WHinTO-T, Axxb). 

Th«! match, wliich was arraiifrpd by Ix>ra 

AVbarton, wait a vivry advantageous one, but 

wtt are told tlial the lady's peraon wtis 'not 

•o sffreeable to the bridegroom as tn secure 

bis oonrtancv," nnd there wero no children 



TO tbf maintfnanoe of a slandimr xrui*. 
Next month ho w«b Hii^piprted of cwupWity 
with Monmouth, and hi* bauM> at Windwo* 
don, whert> he habitually livfs] in ])rwfcrcna) 
to Woobuni,was ineflrti;tuftlly (i^'arobed. 
eorrvfp(iude<l wilh the prince of t> 
during KIHS, and in Novembur be ]«■: 



farr nni i 



to llie mama^, de«ptl« the ptous hope of ' him at Kxi-tL-r, wbt-nt he had a larifeabK" 



the poet Waller that heaven would ' MiHtn<ns 
^Miartou'a bed udoni with frnit as fair as by 
her Muse i« born.' Wharton dtanclerinl i- 
cally put offsetting out lo Woobiim to sign 
Ibe raarriofre contract until within three 
hours of the lime appointed. lie then drovr 



in (Irnwing up the nddrMs, «it;Ded hy Kn 
Edward Seymour and SiI■"^^■illiatu Portitin 
Hul the moKl cD'Ttixe blow that Whadnn 
■Ifjilt against the old dynasty was dclinf-J in 
ltU47,wben heoonipo»''d the word* of a Mlm- 
oal ballad apon the ndm>ni->tnition of Tr^ 



th» distance of iwenly-two miles in little eniuiel, describing the mutual ixmgnluW 
ovor two hours — a nntahlj^ fr/it nprtn lh« lions of a cotipleof 'TtMffii^s' upon thecna*- 
rosds of those days. lie rvniaineu lo tbc irgiriumphorpojieryandlhelriahraoe, TW 
very doM% of hi.i iif>* a i^-at connoisseur of vcrs'-i>atini(-t>illil(l>*noticeKt tif»t,but ietM 
lioraefledi, and poasesKed one of tbe coAtlicttt aqui«k titephvPunvll.tlifSonir.knownbyili 
Wndii in the country. Tbe payment of hiH 
wife's dowry enabL>d liim ixi raako a con- 
apicQODS ligure at Newmarket, among the 



Nrlie«t auuals of which place the dolngn of 
hia horae* Snail, Colchexter, Jacob, I'epper, 



burden of* Lilli Biirl>T">, Kollen-a-U,'becUB# 
a piwerful weapnn against Janiv. 'Th^ 
wholi* armv,' karx Runiet, ' and at lad all 
p«ioph> in rity and country were singinK i* 
perpetually. JVrlniM Quver had so jijpot t 



and CiralMB tro recorded. Careleas, a borsc | thing to great an «flect' (it was first 




Wharton 



419 



Wliarton 



ia 1 088 OQ a finglv slimt u ' A Nvw Soag,' 
wiUi th«> nir nliovt? the wonla: Brie. Mus. 
C. S^ i. '2o. lu ctTvcl woB emplmsistMl iu 

prer. : il vra^ reprinted in I'oftHJi nn iHtate 
Affair*, iii. 'JSO, and in lirf'lnli'tn PiiHtick*, 



ITdS, pt. iii. p. n, uul linnlly found iln way 
into I'KRCu'd /Miquf*. Sterne aiiproprintely 
mad)* it t hi' favouritoair of "my UiicUiToby" 
who had aervf^l on tlie Unyiii-l. Whurtoo 
ta said 10 have boasted after the <^vont that 
hi had $MQfi a kiufr out uf lbn.<c kiiiifdouis. 

\^')lartftn firal made himself fi^lt tiA a poli- 
tician in tit.- cnnventicio parliamtint dF ItitS- 
]68tl, til n'Iiii-1i hr nlnini^lv iipbMd lh« vinw, 
in oppfiiiirion to thti tmppr nmiep, thiit thff 
'tlironu was vacant.' On I I'Vb. 16S9, aflor 
supporting th^ Tot« of thankn to rhi^ pm- 
testuit clergy, Wbacton moved ' for the 
thanks of the hoii««.' to such of the nrcoy 
who have bohaved thein»(>lve8 <«o bravely in 
Oppoftilioii tonrmerynnd ulavery, , .Church- 
men am paid Jor it, but tho amiy was for 
another purpotw' (Oret, ix. 41). WiUiam 
and Mary wt-re ]>roc]aimed «n 14 Feb., and 
a few diiyi^ lali^r WliiLrloii yrti» nnmqd n, (irivy 
councillor luid romptro1t<>r of the household 
(tliD wurrant in AMU. .HS. 5793, f. 0, is 
dat^l 31 Fob.) On 3 Afftrr-li hft bmiigln. a 
mnes&ge from the kin^ to the house touch- 
ingtJjcrcmiMion of thohorarth tnx. In 1til>0 
ho attmded William to Tim Hitgittt, whi^n 
th« tdojg held a conference with hift Oerman 
alliw, and he is aaid to havu dono his bvst 
to cooriuce thv (Jermana Clint ' we had as 
good bottlemon as ttoldicn* in Engtaod.' Hut 
tb« eomptroliLT UL-vvr udvancud very far iu 
biA royal uuHter'a contidi^no^; he waa for 
ever annoyiiiK William by hinlinfc hia eliffi- 
Vililv for iiijilicr iip]Hiiatin«nla,'n'liil<!, <vri tlin 
othi>r hand, hi- was nil etffenesa to convince 
tiw cotnmoDii of hi* indtfpradvncv of miirl 
oontrol. In 1tt{><'> he wm on thi^ cotnmitiec 
Sppointed to inspect the books of the East 
India Company, and in Novomber 1691} he 
waa v«Ty zealous in uiuhinfc forward lhi> at- 
tainder against Sir John Fcnwick. In tti« 
nvantimo. by th>.- dt.-alh of his father oil 
6 Feb. leDS-f}, Wharton had Huci?ee«led ha 
the peemge and a clear inroniB of 8,000/. a 
war. Ily 1(997 liir w«« nlrnndy dniminf; an 
important placft in tlii^ mini«(.rv, and it wiw 
a scvyre Wow to him and his friends when, 
uprin tlie r«tin.>mi:>nt of Triimbiill, on 1 Doc, 
1097, \'enioii was preferred to the vacaot 
tM:relar>-ship. The lung tried in vain afk«r 
iViK to induce him to a'iva Hundi^Iaiid aome 
oaoral «iijiiiort in the House of Lords. ¥el 
AVhartou lind in April oblninttd ihu lucrative 
miM ijf is'nnh-n of tlii' royal fonriitji wiutfc of 
Trent. As lord lieatenant for Oxforounre 



L 



during October 1^7, in his passion for pore 
whin; principleji, h« removwu Rre heads of 
colttigvs frotn the commisaion of ihu peaee^.i 
and pill in t wi<nly-fi>iir iittw )ii)iticrs ^LUT- 
TKt:u.. iv. -.W), In March 1698 the king 
and Shrpwsbiiry were his jjTiestJiRtWoobam, 
and in .tanuarj* 1099 lh« samn distin^iihfa 
perHonnifes wi>re godsons to \\'hiulon's son, 
while tho PrincDss Anne stood j^dmothcr. 
In 170U, RS an cuiisHry of the court, Whar- 
ton proposed ammdmenta in the hill for the 
n.*suaijilL'jti of Irish land gnuats, but ha hud 
to heal a retn^at before th« 'xtron^ outcry 
raised against roreignen and faTouritism, 
which wn* qiiitii irmpuctiri^ of iiiirty. In 
Januaiy I70J he was made lord lif^utonant 
of his own comity of BuckiDfjbam, only to 
be dt»niiA.vd from tht* as well as all his 
other oiBcos in July, upon the accession of 
Anne, wlio is said to have had a strong per- 
sona] dislike tor him, doubtless regarding 
him as the enemyof the church. Thecomp>) 
trollnTship wont to his spi-cial foe, Sir Ed- ^ 
ward Si-yniour, whom he bad done his b*»t 
to injure over the Kaat India Company in- 
quiry. 

During the latter part of 1702 Wharton 
w»« much occupied by a suit concoming t be < 
own<T»hip of somA b>>iul-mineB in Yorlrahire, 
where he had a considerable property, lie 
lout the case by a division of 14 Nov. in the 
qut*n'« b<.*nch (I'A. v. i^j acq.) ; but Wliarlon 
was excesaifelv litigious, various appeals 
were made, ana the com dmgged on witll| 
varying fortune until the clow of his lif^J 
In December HOS he was elected by thi 
lords one of tbu committee to invL-^tiffad 
tbft do-calli'd Keot» pUit. I>nr3ng the wuol 
of this year he had been unwearyiog in lu__ 
efforts to prnvi.'nt th<?]>ii«»in[;(if lh<-mllagattist 
occoaiflnal wmfortnity . I n January hia ardour 
impelled the lords t^ the ametidnK^nU which 
brought abour the shelving of the bill for 
the remainder of the nessioa. In reply to 
Aome porMinal attaoks, Wharton explained 
to 1I1C lords that ho had Ihe church of Eng- 
land service read twice a day ot Winohen- 
dun by his chaplain, Mr. Kingford, and that , 
he commandt^d all his servants to assist aki 
this solemnity; but, however strict ho might 
b'.'wilh Ills servants, il whm well undtiratood. 
that Wharton's own conformity was of the 
most occasional description. l*nac« Oeorg«, 
the quetm's consort, who wsa in the same 
pcxilion, voted with the toriea.but ho iswid 
to have explained to Wharton that ho did 
*-a much aguiust his will. * My heart is vtd. 
Tou.' mil llif story, was what hea8id(TixBALy 
In Nnvomhnr a modified hill was po-sft'd by 
thecomnionsnndagain thrown out. Wlmrton 
was urgent with niii hearers in the up^er 




Mw Urn MBMT wfpB if m amaamw Jbliiiv, 
the hnfiM «F AviMknT, MifHS tfas 
rdnnnc i^lf iwr. w ha «a» Ja» m>»qr tt 

BV DAft lOflSSSpM^L 48d *VB^^S^IB ^KUW ^& efts' 



'moMT fiirlhat>esCT«rai« 
nfmnwni, |L sit a* 

«f tawintf tried fia «nv« kn 





soil uA Eliu ik«bbvv«« 

hi ■■■'■■■■iiJ mUm mfX W 

fef 'pwagBHMMdMamt.fBk m wmI bi thi» 
•g^finBiA«M|HM'l«MMi the nnhouM 




Iefa4 i»rl— utecfc h» —ili — fcnUlf of 
Ifta «fa|| iaB0«M in tW ihttriBW of IT^i 



witaHM. bw tbt ofitabtiM of g«M|Im 

nd SMlftiaiiiwh tA tbe«U|; joM*, cm^ 

pfaM I I I II « WM. WV BK oT iwtf 

iiJtirmiwaMM^twi. Ib XtnwBbv lior, 
■ iW ««• of tW 4««ata ■■ tfe xldmv b 

of Old* aad ■criodiaik 

nikerhaitodi 
oataikMli^tlM'. 




Msd to 



of W 



If • fUMM of tlM noem^ 



I3,000i. 





wUek MHBhIcd w OHobw) 
I ha ill wii ail h *fc«i— A— 
OaJftAprU trOSvwfaMthc 

B tmitf CaOqa Ul, WlnMB 
her ■■jMty aad «•• wAaiUaA 
LLJk. la DMiBlar. opM ifa ocBKriw «rtlM 
lilifciri afcaM tke cMrch kiaf ia (baffn-. 

Wlvtoa oCMfaaad witk a ftnatv baedtm 
«f lyiiA Una had Intlarta fcom Maetionfd 
Iqr BMC* <B *^ M f er hoaas. 'U*hai tb« 
■RUmof of Ton |i ropo wd tbat jadf«s 
■beaU bacoanltcd u to awaaAof mmrm- 
iaf tbt ■MihitriM of iliwatcwi, 'Wlanoa 
iBovod that jadgM aktald bIm b» coaMhed M 
to noinuK»wfwm[BariM,itb«iiy wllkBPini 
thkt tni; ucbbuhop'B own mm w^re at radi 
a Khonl iBoTBB, p. SIT). WluTton indeed 
k«pt tbi> *«rli«r part nf tliw deh«l*t altrv try 
hu japnTtiBeaeMa, *ad Dvtmi^aTh olwerrA^ 
with ffiaT9 Rgnt tbat he had introdnoed 
thi* n^garltica ukA Civpucita of ddMtct to 



(Bam,B. my. Jwt 
m X«r. ITOeL on tbe Eari trf^ Pm- 
brofa» b«^ wHvcMd to W tori hifb adMidk 
WtatMKWM ap fo ia taJ to aacnadUafa 
tb» fai lB f l wMi j . • Mt wUch U bttf 
dBwaMOKMbiriria Reamntadub* 
M ea rt ai y Jmmfk Aibliita. wbon be AM 
afbii w M ^ MK iata bu horMut. of M&lw*> 
bary (» Dw. 17C0>. Wlunon 

noEiMiitt a fatai g h i later (B 
dtftay tb» tmaion ' pmciuMl an 



bin to jw wa * tfe nwtb of pop«fT 
wbirh tl wM aaactw tbat the mUIi 
the Imh p*fMU AwM dMcend 
protcvtaat bciii (futeA 30 At 
tin tbo* 'did noce t««ard> 
pnpeiy is tbns noMbi than aar of ^ 
d«ceaiQn had doaa ta threa rMn.' il»l 
DoUia IB Stpttmhite for Cheftter, ull 
Irah partiamul oonvyrd tbvir hi 
thania to the qaeea tat Haviatf amt aj 
of ao <gnat wiadoin ■adnpeneaeeta 1 
chief fOTeraor.' Tbe hijrh-rhBreb , 
not (ptit« eo cooDplaorat (cf. HbIbxc < 
, Uetmifa, iU. 71. 100). 8*Tvral of "M 



Wharton 



4»t 



Wharton 



toa'i ai»poiDtui«nU were K«ndB.lous, aiuL it 
wita a current story that h» had recommeiuleil 
onv uf bU buuu cuii]|.>iiDiua8 to i biilu»p for 
rccIcHml ionl [irtfi-raient aa of ' a oUwacter 

Erai:ti[-ally fuulclueB but for hia damaably 
ail iiiiiralx.' WhiLi' in KiigliinJ Wlinrtnti 
wa^ iiiMnimenTal in h&riDg fivt> Itundn^d 
families uf poor palatines s«ttlErd in Ireland, 
aotl to him ts &lso saidtoboduvthcaccliina- 
tiaalion of li^ciinitttf op«r&in that coiiDtiy. 
Thomas Clayton [q- v.], iho composer of j 
•Arfiiioi:*,' ie et«t<d to bave iJione ov«r to Ire- | 
laiiid in Wharton'^ train and to hav^ produced i 
&a o^h.-ra in Dublin in lhi.< coiir>u of 1~0U. . 
IJuriii^ liiit ikliHrnci! In Intlami t)i«n; in no I 
doubt tbut the wbi^fl missed iho aid of the | 
mom aitiilo party maiiajfer th^ty Imd «v«r 
had, hut l>y tlip vebempmrfl willi which-ht- 
pusbiNl forward tbv Sacbeverell trial there i» 
equally no doubt that Wluirton fonlribiiri-d 
to the tt^uporary df ft-at of his politicoi ullieit 
ITiit prnminrucu in llii: atftiirled to his hotu« 
in DoviT .Stnwl btiiiij^ thruHioU'Cd by thv , 
'mobility' on 10 Feb, 1710: he upoke at 
luii^'lti in dcftinrc of ibu n-volulion in tfao 
ffcvnl d.bittti of hi .Mnn-b (rt. p. 429). In 
t.bii conltTPncea that wi-nt on dtinnc' th* 
niimmi^r us to wliutlii^r thu\rlii);sKhni,i)drf.>rm 
ft kind of roalirion willi Ilariiy, Wlinrron 
fwho had bitterly op|)Ofi<;d t]ni admisHioti iif 
Hnrloy into thimdininiistrarionin l~l)?))loo]i 
the direction of vrhij? jxiiiry vojy uiiieh into 
hi§ own hands, and it was larj^eLy owiiiK to 
Ii Tti iiiAuciicfi that tbfi idea of a modtoi i-ii^ndi 
with tli« torie* was ao couiplMely iicotitt^d. 

For the t imebeii^ (aftert hL> elect inn of Sep- 
t«nib'jrl"lU)llji'ccli[iMJoftbi>whi)j[ party was 
totDplptt-, but it wa.H just during tlii* period 
thut tbf a'.T^icvs of Whortou iu keeping alirc 
jind fii.il'Tiujf rvt-ry clcnuint of cliHCiintimt 
and opposition wer«! nio^i nivatunbl« to hia 
parly. Oil Lljan. ]7II-ll.', wlu-n th« twelve , 
iiew ppsrs, or ocouinnal \\t^T> as limy wen; 
niclinniiierl, were introduc«>(l into the bouse, 
it WHS Wbsrtnn who, when the question 
about adjourning wu« ^>inu to bu pui.uiikcd 
ono of tri<! nfwcomers wbct.hcr tliev voted < 
ffinit'Iv or bv tln-ir lV>n.'muii. N«xl uii.ttilK hi- 
enti'rtflinea I'rince Kugpue willi a litfittinj( 
Kph'iidutir and n-iili a ^'Htf-r ztuit btcauM it 
•Knh tbuu)(liT by tlw jiopnlnci- that tbi; gn-jit i 
CAptaiu woa b(sng rather neglirttK] by thy 
torii'^. I In ^S May lilli hv fistied thu ]>ro- 
t«^t, afl^Twardi* expun^ril from tli*> ' IxinK ] 
Journal*,' Bgainst the ' rt>sirainintr orders' 
eiven to Omonde {WnnY.sf.. i, 'i\'i). tin , 
30 Juno 1713 he diovmI an addresa to the- 
oufcn urRinfrluT to ii»o Iut ' iniluence'witb 
itf; Diiltf of Lomiinc to procure the expul- 
fttoii of thy I'ri'leuiJiT from Nancy, nnd. ibe 
moliuu hiLviti^ been carried aflur a viraeiuus 



d«bat«, 4|'hiijtoa wu on SI July one of i\m 
lords who carried tbs iiddre«s up to h«r 
miLJuEty. About thn Nime liai«, with Iho 
aid of the Duke of I'ortland, lie inanagod 
eucceMfuUy to resist thi* pfl£Hiue of a bill for 
ihn ri-ritiinn of tbr f^ranla of Wdliam III. 
1'bn fftclthaf. there wt're6eTenty-thn?evoioe« 
on eitlier aide shows how ctjuMly the lords 
weredividt'd liftwfun iliij twopartiea. This 
alsoespUinatbedeciBJonof the licuae in April 
1713, when n committee appointed to Jn- 
ve*li4[nt« mnlprtclic^e toucbiu^ (lie manage- 
ment of the public revenue rf]iorled that 
Whurton bad rMwivud 1,000/. from (ItHirgv 
Jlutcbi>»on to procure thn tnttur tho post of 
n-piBtmr of aiixurea in lh« cu»lom-lioua& 
'I'btt whifpi wvrv i^iitbciutitlv atnxiy tO pro* 
rnrr" a resolution to the efl'ivt that, thoatTair 
buviug taken placo before thequeen'sRcneral 
pardon of I7(f9, thft delinqiienpy iihoiild bi^ 

faesed over with a c«uBure (^10 May; cf. 
lOYCB, p. »»l ), 

On 2 March 171J Wharton made a com- 
plaint aRaiuHl ' a Kcandaloua anonvmims libel 
iby8wift]t;nlitIod "Tbu I'liljlics'pirit of the 
\Vbigii,''' and bo tried In* uiniii»l, liut wilh- 
nnt tmcct'^A, ta pmvc thu Buthorship. On 
:^!^ March h« oppOMid ttii- Kiwlr-r ndjoum- 
men^h the ^und that not one monifmt of 
timeebould be lost inBddrcs«inj;hi<rran|iwty 
on lichftif of tbt diMrei««*d Oalalan* itfi. p. 
Q79), a dinta-tteful aubjeot which b» rraiuued 
in April. Un 4 June 1714 he dpoke with 
vi^ur agniiut the Hchistu bill, Miying that 
ai what waa scbiitiia with U9 was the esta- 
blished reli^on of Seotiand, he hoped Ibat 
tliu lords who r«pnjsciiU-d Scotland would 
brinff forward a aitailar bill to provcut the 
Ifrowth of Aiigltcan scbi><m iu tbcir I'ouiilry, 
Wlien tlir bill paR.ied the lords on 11 June 
he signed iht- proteat against it [Kooeba, i. 
il'il). IIewn>«ni"VHr tirifd of n'<)|ieniRg the 

;uK4(.inn of thfi nnwitdom of ibu tn^aly oi 
trwcbt, and on ti July hv attnrl«sl .\rtbur 
Aroore fq. v.] by itame in connection with thu 
Spanish tnwly of commerce. 

Duiiuft the illness of .\nnft liu waa pro- 
tuiueul among tbu whi^ lords of the privv 
coiujfil wbu reasserted tbeirright of ntK^na- 
aucu at tbu council board, and who issued 
ortl^ra to i-miuro I ba peaceable proclanmlion 
of fieorg^ I ; but his namL' wiu^ not unon tbe 
list of rcKuntif, probably becaiue he was 
known tn be an estreme man and perMnnlty 
objoctiouable to the late qiiren. On loFeb, 
ITIo bf wft.1 crcRted Marquis of Wharton 
and MalmesbuT)', baviutf been alntady 
created in the previous month (7 Jtin. 171-1- 
17I*>) Baron of Trim, Earl of I^iibfamam, 
and Manniis of Catherlouirh iu lri>land 
(novEB, Political State). Out be did not 



Wharton- 



Wharton 



enjov his dl-w IxmnurN li>it)i, ntu) «aa only 
iWIihih) to I'qjnv, ma it were, n Puuiib view 
uf tlie er« of wing pnwpority he Imu Jone 90 
much lopromolf. lit- fell ill in March. (in<] 
waEUttC-adtd by Osrib an-i Bliickmnrf, hiit 
div<lat hit hoii»o ia I>uv>.-r Street naV2 April 
1715 (lu« will, 0«t€<l 8 April, wu prtntad 
sfaortlv albiT his iJetttli). lie ichi burivd nt 
^^'iIl^hendDD oil '22 A{iril. His iwcoudwiio, 
whi>ni h« inarri«l in July 1^3)2, vtaf. I.itO.T 
(d, h Fvb. 1710). daiigUt<iT iiiid Ueire&« of 
AduD Ixiflu», viscount. Liaburne, » litdr 
who hrouglit him a hugi- furtuiii',aiid wbose 
gal]iUitrii-« h>'h<ii>t nilli t\u: indillervjice of* 
•toic. ImAj Wort ley-Moll I ngu cuUk Lrr 'a 
flattering, f*«'ni"fr,c»iningt:r>-aiun',nll'«:ling 
prudfry (inil i^tpii aanrlity, yet in reality tui 
abaudoui.'xl and UDscnipulous lu Ikt himimiiil 
himwU'— Uutt ' most moflija^te, iropioiui, and 
dumelcM of men.' Ity lipr SvharUm l«ft 
itaue Philip, Mcond mnrqiiis nnd firrt duloi 
of Whnrtnn [(J. v,]; Jiicc, wlin mnrricd firsl 
John Holt and secondly Ttobert CVk» of 
Uiliinfidon; and LuoT,wlioniiiJii«d andTCas 
divon.*i.-d frym .Sir Willijiin .Morice. 

'^V barton vtha in some Tc«piyta a pupil of 

Danby, whik- in not u tun Uv was a precursor 

lA'nipole; at le.»si, he was the most 

^Jiorougligoiiig|mrtv mun nod party uruauinn- 

6n th* whig side Vjutwi^en liUO ana 1714. 

His partkansfalp wae (ar frtim di=ioturt!Stvd, 

iHlt It had at l«rt the nwril of ^inwrity. 

Introduced into public lifo nbout 1678, wlien 

i|h« factious opirit had just begun to rage 

^rlth nil the ririilpncf of a new r^idrmiic, 

|lw NlainuJ tLroiuh i<f<^ hiii conmption of a 

I lorj- OS BO true Englisbmnn, but ono who, 

'with f!n« ptiroera iiXout ebtinh nnd uruwu 

on litK lipM, wus nt Ii<-art a Juciibite ami a 

favourer of paiJislf.was in fact aa iiumitignted 

acoundrwl and niicnfmy of his coniitT^-. 

^VhA^tt]n'a ruccipas at gaining elections, 
writes his nanegTrist, ' made him the butt of 
thi- toric*' natrwl and scaniliil. which he ii>>- 
apiit-d, an<l neul on his on-n way, weakening 
and mortifying tbi'in n« tnuoh ah lay in hift 
power, looking on ihem not a« lii» enemies m> 
much as they- weie enemies of his country,' 
His iinliounded enccc^ at i-K-cTionK wmt no 
mvxtpry. He spared no ■^xpenge, tw>lc a 
pntlf> in making hii^ vonsiitiicnis drunk on 
tli« l>riil ale, and knt-w all the t>1ectora' 
childrHn by name One of bin rules waa 
never to give and nevijr r»^fo«e a chnHengi?, 
p.And Atirh wa^ liis .skill in fi-nct' that 1» 
Iways siicwed4>d in diMmning his adversary 
'— nninblv in twi> flfrfion diiel«; r»ni.'in July 
1090 with Viscount t'hryney fcf. Mac-ii'lat, 
chap, xxv.), Hnd thf other with a ton of 
Sir Hob> rl Du^hwood ui linth on 2 Sttpi. 
170a (LfTTHBLt, v. aa4). AnotLer of bi* 



ruiN, said Itia aneuties, was nt^rer to refata 
or ro korp an oath; nnd ct-nain it Lt that 
' boiiritl Tiim Wburton/jtsi b** was cntDnnilT 
called, had a tpemendoiif n-puiali-vn fw 
lyttig. i^) fluent and to in^rbMit wu* b<t la 
this reeppct that Ixird Oanmouth aaev 
naked liim bow he could run ou Lo such ■ 
manner, to which ho ivplieti. * Ar« you such 
a Bimpleton aa not to know that a Ii« weS 
bciii'Ved is aa good aa if it wt-rf 'nw?'* 

Ai«rt from hii^ privalf gri' ■ ' 
WharloM bad refused him the t' , 
irOlVi. .Swifl haled Wharton an ■ r-n nn y. 
graftt^ uptii a di)uii<inler,' nnd in hia tntui':!* 
sixpi^onv chap-book, entitled 'P'l " "' - 
(cr of iMioinas] J'-i"''!] "f ^^ ['I'l" 
I[relan<ri,' nnd publiubcd al tlie l.,.i. ,. • „,.j 
on Ludgale llill inihe wintur of KlO-ll.Ltf 
di&vctt his^hnraot'ir ' wilh thi- umo in{4> 
tialiiy tltnt he would describo Ike nature n( 
a ]ier|)pnt. n wolf, a crocodile, or a fox.' .Swift 
lit tirobably not far wrong in niinunisg op 
\\ dart on m wholly occupie*! by'vieeand 
politics. BO that bawdy, prophancncM, and 
ousinosw lill up his nhole cou^e^(«tion.' Oa 
.Macky'sdescnption his well-known oonacu 
is— ' ihv moiit universal villain I erer'kora'.' 

According lu Hinhop Warburtoa, who 
becanu! paeeveapd of a number of \\'hanatii 
jwpijn*, tht' maniuiH was the nulhurof tW 
pretended leltrrof Macliiavelli lo /.eacbiju 
buondeimontius in rindication of hi h writing 
appendird to the English tmntlatinn o( 
MaehiavL-lli, which appeared in folio in 
UitiO; but this aliiTTnatiou of the blahopii 
open to thi- grB\t>fii doubt (si» WalkiU. 
H'li/til and MtMlr Author.*, ISOtt, iv. 66 m.) 
Steele dedicalixl the flflh rolutne of lii* 
'S|"ivtnlor' to Wlinrtnn in I71.'l.niid Joha 
Huglu'B (1077-1720) fq. v.] dedicated labia 
bis version of FontenelU's * Uialo|pu« of the 
Dead* in 1 70S. 

The portrait of Whurton by Knellw, u 
n member of the Kit-Car (JInh, was to- 
graved in rocxxotint by J. ^imon l'f<jr *aW 
bv Tonson), alao by T, JubtiMm, oud !■? 
John Faber for the ' Kit-i'nt C'lnb ' 1 173.i)'; 

bill till- lie«t riigiBving in ibal on ■teet lij 
IToiibmken, dated ' Amst. 1744.' 

[No life of Wbartao haa uppe«"-d >■ "'■ 
l«ti*gyri4'a! ' Htm-tAn' of 1715. d' 
vhion nresni|>lo fi>ir ara ovTrlo<>ki->i : 
Shortly nf^crlbnUrnitHrinpfvan.-l 'A 1> - . ' 
of tlio Dead l.clwrco . , . Si^nof <i.'.:> 
^Barxii>t] and Co«i)t Thnnut*o in tb*> \nl<4'i| 
Arln!i«ii.' nn nntasinff bit of raillrry »on!ij of 
ArliMti^nnl. ]n JrtniiAr<r I'lG wwJtiMninl mf>i)r 

■\ Puittil t9 thn Mctnnry uf TlM>ma«,MllTijii>>>u< 

Vliiirtun.' a llucnt and ftilsonM mcmoiul ia 
heroic letrt, d«dirated to th« dowager aw> 
diiiiaoM. la I7M, la a letter to Mra..' 



Whately 



4»S 



Whately 



idMcribbg no iningiimry fisil to Tutonia. Mra. 

Itnidiihaw ginut nn HTna«(ng dcMription of tbo 

inlerciuRui »h« held <i<rwn nelaw >itlii * nur oU 

fri«iul LonJ WtiartOQ ' jSaffblk CorrMpondtocn, 

i. 66-S1. Th« rhicr&nthorit.ii* nre Hoyer'a Ufo 

of Willmru III null Aci|[u uf Quran Anoc, 

' "whIri ; Pari, Uittt. vol*, vt-vtii.; DuruutV Own 

Time ; LntUeH'fl Brief UUl. lioLaiion. toI«. it. t. 

^i.jtt^m; White Ke'iDcK'a WiMloni of Looliing 

ckirjiH»; I{njti'ni»> (.WnlrjF J'anionV AJvioo 

tbo Lrini T£K{M3r. I'Ofi; Strife's Joui'uhI tu 

WU And Memoin on th? ('hani>« of iht Uto 

Inccji'n Miniftiry; Wyoc'ii Hint, of (juocn Annn; 

lauk(i'« llist. of Kn^lau<l, vol«, iv. r. and yi, j 

ftftdlerV Univprinl ijniikon, 1749. W. II80-»; 

CIu].i|)'d Fnll ilnn Hniisaa Stiurt, vnE*. ti. iind rii. ; 

leiDoira of llie Kit-CiiL Club, 1821. pp. T0-S3: 

FiucTift'i Hitlifitx, ii. 2'27 ; Smith's M«^£Zfitinr 

PorlraiU. ijp. 2ft», 378, 738, n:Jl. IMi; Nirt.^. 

' and QueriM, 2iid i»r. i. 89, 3nl «er vii. 47-). Si'i 

Mt. riii. 37; Aiidit. SIS. MMI f. 370 (letlir to 

Lord Ballon iu 1088), 31341) f. 43; Winrlou 

>(>?Ta in Ilodlciui Littrury.l T. S. 

WHATELY, RICKAltD {1"87-I6I08>, 
arcbbis)ir,p of Ihihlin, fourth mn of .Tnaepa 
Wlind'ly of Ni'ii«ucb I'nrk, Siirri'v, by June, 
dABg;bter of Willinm I'liimfr nf (iil.«nn I'nrli 
and filakeewiirfl I'arlt, Jlertt'orxUbiru (cf. 
IiAHB, Lasf Et»at/' of Elia). win* botTi in tlie 
bouw ofbH uaternul uncle, William I'lumer, 
inCiiv*ru(liHli Sqiiiiiv, London, on 1 Fob. 1787. 
Tbc fulliLT. Jut'epli ^\'llu^^:Iy (■/. 1707), was 
jrouDgevt brother of iLt- boriicoltiiriit tiiii 
noUttcian Thomas Wliatfljf (rf. 1772) [a. v.'\ 
lie Vi'us vii'tip i>r W'itlford, Jltfrtrordsmru, 
170H-0O, nud ur^b^ndurv of »r3*toI I7H8-7. 

le ivu bUu V-ciurer vA Gr^Bbani (Jol]i*gi>. 

le received Ihu flfpn-i^ of !>.(;, L. from 
fofd Univerehy on i) July I70;t, and died 
, 13 Mnrcli I7!t/, having Imd iwue, bwtidw 
liU Bona, five dniijflitRr?. of wlimnthoyoiingi-iit 
A\«A on 17 Aufj. ISHti, widow of Sir IlBrii! 
Burn* [q. r.l 'nw> furllipr, iis lo ihi" Wlintcly 
ftinily, under Wkatkly, TnoKAa ; and 
rWlIlTKlT, "WILUIM]. 

Ricb&rd vra* boni »o delicate thut tie wh» 

■^ttot exnt'Ctetl to live, aotl it was only very 

gimdually that boi^tb'-'rcdsln.-nglb. Tliruwn 

.Ui cobi(>qu<!nc(> upon hi* own n'tourcM, hn 

ed OEgerly ovor bis book», .scrutinised witii 

itenJM) curiosity tbw unimnl lift- in hii" ftttbor^n 

gardt^n, ]X'rforn«td voritnhh' firJit»of nipnlal 

^BjritbiiK<ti(r, and eesayed ihoorelic fli(flit» in 

"^Mhif-^nndpolitifs. Hist-Ktraordioarypowira 

Itf calumniation hu lo»t btifore lie wus in Ins 

in. and, tboUffh be always ristained tli>- 

cuUyofclosK^obdiTvatioM.itsi'xerfiscgradH- 

»Uy caased to fttfonl Iiiio t>xMtplii>nal delight. 

Osly in tliu epb^n- of ratiociniition wa^ lIic 

niae of Iiih bnyhoud riillilli^). Sljorlly 

efore hU father's denih h" vrai) ])Iftr:t>d al a 

^jmvati." schawl, n'hii'b bod a larjiu West 



Indian uaonectioB, near Briatol [rf. Hi.tM, 

SiMtui,]. Thfl BtoriiM of \\>in Indian Ufa 

which fau there beard enlarKcrlhixboriion and 

helped tu draw buo oat of liiouolf. Th<- re* 

gular routiufi of work and play Aubduod his 

vxcunivtf precocity and brncd Iiis health, so 

I that he^'W up t nil, strong, and well-projKii^ 

I tiuuad. though fonilt-rof tiKliingor a solitan- 

rambli- ihiin of ordinary divcriiiims. From 

. ecboul he went to Oxford, where be niatricu- 

[ !»(«!, from Oriel LViILyv, on April lt*05, 

gradiifltfd B,.\. (double second (;!ii8.-.tin IftOB, 

and pioceedvrd M.A. ia 1812. In the intan- 

< time (I8I(]) hu had Lakvn tlm Kn^jlith «BiMy 
prize ^oubjuct, 'Tho AtIj!) in tlu! rnllivation 
of whidi tli» AncinuL* wvre Im» Gucccbaful 
than the Modenu ') and been elected follow 
•if liii'Ci)IU-g(i(18II). In dne course he took 
holy orders, and in tStfi Ihc degrees of Il.D. 
an J J), I). 

With Edwani Copti-ston [q. v.], to whom 
ho owed much, and 'rhouia« Arnold (1705- 
1842) [tj. V.J and Nassau William Sunior 
[<j. v.], who ow«d much to him, Whately 
fortuad lifelong fneriditbipji. Collffje life wa« 
rtmiui-ntlycuiigeaialtohLm. C'omniuniriitiTe 
by nalun-, ha fouml ti-aching a dflighl, and 
by no means confinM himMtif within tho 
liiniti* of tbf uniitmry currjouliun. A papil 
to him was an ' anvil ' on whJch to beat out; 

I hie idt-aK, and lip bad the tact lo avoid do^ma- 
tiMn and, mnrr iSarnif»ro,by stimulus and sag- 
gvstion to eliric th« learner's lalcm poworft. 
This mel.bod be commonly practi^ud during 
his early morning' walks, in which be pre- 
ferred by wnvK to hiuhwayv, and would iK>m«- 
timi^H miiUc atraif^ht acrosA country, Hcorning 
all iinpedimtiitt. Nodou wus over less don- 
nish. He rvvelled iu a4^tiuf( cunventiona at 
nought ; and iu thu iumcner cveninga would 
lVi-iiui;nllvb« «Hvn by tb>! riverside exhibiting 
toucrowdofiiiien'BleJ bystHnderatht'chiVi'i^ 
nrtomf hi" fjivourit"* spiinii:'! Sailor, whom be 
had trained to climb a tn^>.- and thcnco drop 
into the water. In the common-room hia 
^reat argument ntivc powers found abundant 
jilsy iu the societr of Coplenton, Edward 
Flawkin9(l7?*9-l88e)rq. v.lJohn Uaviaon 

1 [q. v.], John Kfbli!^ii.v.],and rbomasArnold. 

! lie lacked, boweviT, th>* tubtlir xympaUiy and 

< intuitive disfummeut nece»iiir}'fiir^^'id<' and 
iletrp jjurKuual inl1u»nrw;and nsnlbinker wfla 
rather acute, active, and veraatih- than pifv- 
fxnnd. Though kind at heart be waa rougb 
in extirior, and inadi' only a fuw iniimatfi 
friends, whose adoiiratiou he n^iuravd to 

I ■■TC'^M. Itut limitations wero as con- 
spicuous as hia powerit. A f-'w favourite 
anlboni. Ari*tntle, Thurydidi^, Itacon, 
Slulk)^'«)>l^an;, Bisliup Bulli>r, 'Warburton, 

I Adam iSuitb, Croblw, and Sir Walter Scott, 



nwre his constftnt mmpuiiiiiu ; but otIu>r< 

QemiAD, hardly ev^n Fn-nch. For luHtoric 
anli>quity and — to jiid^> by tin* conlvinpi 
with which he alwkj!) regardecl Worda- 
worlh — fvr the beauty of natun' b*; Iwd no 
fArlin^ whftlcviir, He wa* without oar for 
miuiic, find WM Rlmost equslly desd to 
pBinttiiff, ttciilpturv", ai)darchitc«tun\ Itoiicr 
in traviu lie fotind uo ioivreiit to cotiipvQ»at« 
for the faligui? itncl aniioyauctw incioeni to 
]l ; nnd, ucept fur man: uthcr ri-ft^on tiitta 
hia own [ileH.iiire, be DBVer croMted tha 
Enclish CbHDRcl. 

Wh«l«ly c»ntribiilfil to Ibe ' Qii»rli-r!y 
Reriew'anirle* on *Kiiiii;ration to Canada' 
and* M(jd(-rn Novi-I* '(JiilylftiOuJ'iI J»iniiirv 
IS:;) ), which wpiv rpjirin!c<l towards tlu^ closii 
of bis lifi; ill )iis ' .Mi«c>jllau*?ouG L*>ciun« mid 
Keviavn' (infra). IIU liryt ^Himy inindepen* 
dent aulborship was ' HUtoric Doubta n^ 
Inttrc to Napoleon Bunnapiirte," London, 
1819, 8to. in which li«nttcmptvd to iuwrii 
HiiiD(> with Ilia own i>etard by Bhowinji that 
on hi8 priiiciplos th» oxislcncc of NnpoWn 
could not be ndniittfil '«g a well-autlienii- 
CAt«d fact' (*cc WiiATEi-r, Loffie, bk. i. 
$ 3, wiivrv ilic pampblet, wbiuh was pub- 

brilliuil vpioratio ir/imrAi— Ilume (Oa 
Mwari^M, pt. i. ait Sh.) nuiil)' vxprrwK n!*i*r« 
ration of un« in wnicJi great^T improbabilt- 
t>«iH would \m involred in i*c«pticiMn than in 
b(di«>f— pa*i*-d thmuEb more t\inn twelve »di- 
tioii«initHaulli'irVlirt>tinii*, aiidiiti*i<inwbeeu 
rMirintiKl (ew Fttmouji J'ampAlett, ed. H*nr>' 
Morley, Unix. Libr, vil-xliii., l^iidun, iH^tJ, 
8to). Hy way of aniid-itp lo ("alvinihrn. 
\Vhnt«ly t«iK-d in 1H1>1 'The liigbt MtHbod 
of interpretiiiff Srriiituri' in what ntlnUt* to 
the Nalure of the Ucily and His Uiialinfrf 
with Mankind, illiistrHtir!! in a Ilifcontm on 
Pri'deHl matioii !iv l)r. King, Lord Arcli- 
iMiibnp ot'Hiiblii],' a rvprint of king-'s'Uis- 
ooiirae' with introductiou and appcndiccii 
tia»<.>d on Tuckt-r'u ■ Light of Nature ' (c 28) 
[aw Kino, William, li.L)., 1650-1729}. lie 
married in thu «iiiuv year, and in euiiH>- 
mi.ncf' accepted the liviiijt of lEHUawortli, 
SuSotk, [o which he wiu instil utud on 
18 Feb. IbL'l.'. The duli«4 of ptiritih pHrnt 
he di8chari.^(l with a conjfcU'ntiousncfu thi>n 
anuKunl, but thry wen? iiol. eo onuroiis 
ftM to leave him without ahiindnnt Iplouro. 
He waa already octii«iomil preucher to th« 
universily, and in 18?:; ho di-liven-d thu 
B«m]>ton b-ctures, in wbieh he aliwnpti-d 
to di'lin>> xUf" rin tiifdin between itiiJitl'erenoe 
and intoU'rono.-. They w«ru published thu 
mni« y«ir under the titU 'Tbfl li.i* and 
Abuw of I'ttrty Feeliug io ifatlBW of Re- 



ligion' (Oxford, Svn), and followed bj'FlVr 
Seniiona on wvt^ral <)c(»aiona pr«M4ifid 
bi'foiT the UniTtirsity of < fxfard ' | Oxfo 
1H23, Bvul, with wbiob, and with tb« T 
couTBeonl'redeetination/theywererepnni 
in liViW^^ndon, 8voV 

InlS^ft M'hal.-ly wliimMl to (Ivfordu 
principal of.St.Alban Hall. He foand ihi 
halt tW Botany Bay of the umrimitT, 
with (he help of John lliinrr Newman q.v, 
nnd Samuel Ilindtt, who in lumBer%-«duD ~ 
bim as vict^priucipat, he gradually tnn 
formed it into a r«aort of reading mfii. 

Laartiing woa then at a low ebb ii 
(Ixford, where outaidi^ thn pn-<-inolii of Uri<{ 
tlitifQ waa little stir of iniellfvtual |i&. 
AriHtotlv wan rnoni voiit-ratml than r«i|, 
and Aldrich was atill the t^xt-bookon logic. 
This r»>proacb Whately did much torvmore. 
To the ■ Kncyrlopjitdia .Hetropolitana' 
oontributed articles on' liOgir 'and' Khr-ton< 
which nnpenred in separate form, the oii« i 
1^26, the Other in \i*^ iIy>ndon. htoI." 
Neither work waa of the kind which lay* 
posterity nndi^r p«rmisncnt obligation : hat 
lb« logic UDqueationably marks, if it did a< 
make, a new epoch in the history of l 
ftciDDCv. It dt«plays in a sirikiiiK nan 
What«ly*s cbaracteri»1 ic iitiTilA and ■liort 
comings. TUl* style u perspicaoue, i 
arraiigprnent and nxpotiilion arv maet«rli 
Th<> analrsis and rla^nticat ion of fall 
hare perLaiw never bevn purpaas^nl. ( 
tho other nand, the bUtorical part of ihi 
inwtice \» so meagn? ae tu bu pmctlrnl!; 
worthlwa. I'lato ia ignon-d, and I 
Kcbuolmvu arv set down iadiscriminali:Iy 
rowTK logomiLcliista. The trt-atmoni of i 
catdgonw anil of reati&m ia perfunrtn: 
The I fir turn <& onvni ^t n«llo !■ 
nouni'i>d the universal principle, and t 
»yllo;;ism th? uoivenwl form of t^»oning| 
and the obvioui* comllarr, that di-duetion ' 
metvlr explicative and induction e^t 
logical, ia nankly drawn. The eH'ect ■•{ ;bi 
work wan twofold: with certain think>.-D. 
served to rehabilitate the diacivdilMl focBial 
logic: to oiliurs it auggv-ntcd the dev| 
queatitHi* )Ui Io the natuiv of tbo Bi-ii-jiti 
mudiod which it an airily diBmiseod from i 
]jiirvii-w, and of ihv illative proce^ 
general, 10 the Rolution of whicli Johi 
tStuart A[ill sddreui'd himself. The ' Loni 
iTAclii-i) A ninth i-dirinn in ISTiO. Tl 
' Uhetoric.' which owed much to CopWt 
ia a ifjund and servicuble treatise on t 
an of ptT-iH<nting argumoni in the form Wl 
adapted for le^'ilimaCe effect. It bad nol 
thu voguti of the 'Logic,' but r«4icbed a 
aevt^iitii fdilion in 1846. 

In the Oxford of bis day Wliatdj's 



ic. 

I 



A tumo la mention with httted breath. Ilo 
WM known to be * oovtic,' aiiti-CTiui^licat, 
Hiiil nnt.i-Krnatinn. Ilti wn« arronlinglv 
crediti:il wiih ihu aiLthunhip of tho anooy- 
IDOUS ' lintlera on lli« Clmn-h by un Kpiwo- 
palian ' I Londoii, IH26, Sv»), which, by the 
TiKniiriir ihfir Hrfpitnvtit for th»> .iiiltmntny 
(if the church, cautwd nottmnll Atiriti fh-ricnl 
circlw. Tlimiiph Xewman, whom Xhvy pro- 
foundly inrtiifnwd. ihe ' Jjalten ' contribtitod 
to tlie initinlian of ihe traclAi'ian niQveiucnl. 
By \Vhfltcly they wcro neither acknowl&dffed 
Lor (liiMivowwi ; bui iioiitiL>r wvnj iSoy 
clnuned by nny one etse. The styl« in un- 
doubtedly Whuttlian; biil ifati hi^h view at 
S|K»to])C&l suec«ii>init wtilirh (hi-y <-inb(»]y is 
eoimttfniuiced in noni*, and I'XprfAsly renn- 
diutixl ill (inp, ofWhati-ly's iniiturL- unrk!?. 
On thf« wholn h is mn« pmhahl^ thnr they 
were wTitttni tiy Whntply, but writtfii with- 
out an esftct nwircfiiitinn nf the ultimnto 
consequences of their priiicJjiU'^. Ih thni 
respfct till:- intimacy n-hichh«waa uveii then 
forming with Joseph lUnnco VVhite J|q. v.], u 
Spaniard, who had abjiintl (^nlbnliL'iam, was 
probably t>dticalivL<. \Vliat«)ly'« anti-RroA- 
tiaii principle doubt Ii'hh dictuted thi'Hniinort 
TrhiL-h. Qt thp cost of much minconstriirlifin, 
btt )<:av<! t<i catholic •^•cnnncipntioTi. ntid iniiy 
perbapa a{v.ouut for thi> high rniip adopted in 
MUSH of tb« nriiclue in lh«* ' British CVicic,' 
ilwa und«r his irifliu-ncit ; hut hi» polemical 
tn;stipc,**ni« Krrnrs of KnmaniiiTn imciil to 
thpir (.h-ifiin in liiiman Nature." which ap- 
nea K'<1 in 1S.10. with u di'dicniioii ncknnw- 
ledjiinif ohliffatiouB lo iHanco Whitt* (Lon- 
don, ^vol. shows thnt by that timo. at any 
niti>,lit!<Aa-> iioilfi" no itlu-''ionK uit lu lli>,' lyn- 
dcncy of rathohc prindph'^s *^d aln^ady np- 

Erchuiisiii- of their revival wiihin thucftn- 
lifihMl cliurcli, Tim book n-in'bt'.l h fifth 
vdilion ill I8->tJ. An ahri(l|;m«.-rit, viLtitlcd 
' HomaoiAnt thi> llrlij^iiin of Human \atiin>,' 
was edited by Whalftly's (laiighli^r, K. J. 
M'bntrly. in 1878 (London. Hxn). 

Whaipiy BUPPM^lwi Senior in 18J& as 
DniromondprofKSHorofpoIiticnl economy, but 
re-ti^Htliccrbnirin 1831 onhif ndvanccTuont 
(pat«iiT dated :i'2 Opt.) to tlio arch ii^pi^co pal 
*C0 of Dublin. His 'Introiluctory Ci>clun-H 
oa PolilictU Kconuiuy,' wliich uppt'un?d in 
the lattiT year (t^oudon, Hvo ; 4lli <-dit. 
1865), accurately delhicd the scope of the 
abstract >ici«tiirf, and nind« a contribu- 
tion to the doctrine of dirii^ion of labour 
(*Wf l^tiiiTV ii.. (.'onciTtiinK th*- ronditinns 
under which unskillpd labour Iw^oini'^ rtior<i 
produclivg by division). Un ihe whole.how- 
ever, their inordinftio dj«(rur*ivi:nf!w wa« nol 
eompeOMted by origin^dity. It wa-t prti- 
biibly about this time that Wbately con- 



ceived the project of a univeraaE cuTpeney, 
whieb in L8ol hu laid bi-foru tbo inunagen 
of tlii'drcat KAhihitioii. 

Wbately was cooBecrated BrcbbiHbop of 
lliiblin in Si. Patnck'n Catliutlml, in whieh 
^.r ojifio he held the prebend of (.'ulleii, on 
'.'it t. let. lK81,and was enthroned tbt' luinie 
day at C-lirist Church. On 'Jl Nov. foUnw- 
inff he was sworn in as chaneellor of ihu 
oraLT of St. Patrick {Dublin Evening Post, 
25 Oct. and 2« Nov. 18^1). In Trinity Col- 
lege, of which he was f.i^ afftcio vtRit<>r, he 
foundvd in l^l^a choir of political«co]iomy. 
A i«-heiuc which Im bud nt htiart for the 
QBtablifihment of a Hjiaraie theological hall 
was dcffatwl in 18.'i9, but led to the pro- 
viflinu of more efficient iu.Htruction iti the 
rudiments of religion within th<? colleg*. 
Wliatoly yn» &hf a ni'*iDb<-T of ibr- Itoyal 
Iri:ih Academy, of which in lEtlH he was 
nominntod vice-pre«ideiit. He tooSt biA toat 
in thti Jlouao of Lonb on I Veh. IKU, 

Whately found hiflponition at Dublin no 
ainL-curu. Tu hix ordinary' duliva, which be 
(liM^hargcd wilb acruiiulomt coDscientioua- 
ncAs, the tithe war added the ciLri> of tiu- 
tniiiin^ \hv dniopiiiff couni({e of an almoat 
destitute clergy and rendprinp the povem- 
mt*nt Huch nwiKlance am wait in his pow«r 
(cf. Jntraduetoiy T,frttirM on Political 
Eronomy, App. C, ' Extracts from Kviduncu 
before the ."^lecl Committee of tin- IIou«e of 
I.orcli' nppninle«! tn inquire into the Cnllec- 
tion and Payment of 'I'ithe! iu Ireland,' 
I83'2i, He WB« e^ o^'mlonl justice during 
the abfteriM' of the lord lieulenuul. lie also 
presided (IfSil.'J U) over the royal coniinift»ion 
on ih« C'uidiliou of lb>.' Irish poor (»^e Pari. 
Pap^M, U«y> xsxii. No, atiSt, ISKi sxx. and 
xxxti., IH."!!) XK\1 liH' vl sell.) Evperiuncu 
and rc*rjou->ibiiitv tou^tht bira how to re- 
concile his anti-^rostian principles with thu 
pmmntioii iif iIlc awmypinu clinug'-* intm- 
duccd into Ihe Iriab evlaDlutbinent bv the 
Church Temporalities Act (1833): but he 
diiMpprovcti the Tithe Coititnutation Act of 
I8'I8. The burden of bis of^ce wna not 
lightenL-d by popularity. Ilis English birth 
and bnwdin^ and hi* WL-ll-known nnli])aihy 
to eTsngelieal priuciples innde him au object 
uf jfalouKV antlpufipicion to both clergy and 
laity. lli*]>ri<iictiiuK wa» un|ift!alable. Hi« 
chosle, clear-cut, unimpoi'*ionfd,argu!nenta- 
live Hivie faihid to niovi.' bis bi.Mrern, even if 
hi>4 matter did not, a."* to some it sometiraea 
did, savour of heresy, not to say infidelity. 
.Above all, bin position a« workinc head of 
the commrwion appointt^d on 'Jti Sov. 183L 
to Rdinini»ler the new (iy.»tcm of 'united 
iintionul education' uiiliintid ag^aiiist him. 
The experiment was to be tried of providing 




Whately 



426 



W'hately 



in tite oomnon mAooU hucIi t*lvmGUt«r>- r>- 
lijifioua tnMructton as mit;Lt, it was liope^l, 
prove aMPplable to rntliulicit aii<j iirottfMaats 
i,sliki>. It Ml «!:»■■ irdiDif I jr to \Vhat«-lj- lo 
i|Hl<',iiiconjiinftion with hU catholic col- 
, Itanii'l Mnrmj- (q. t.], k «mr»o of 
^ Ijire KTTraote.,* in wliifli certftiu {loviii- 
lioiis from llie nmhoriwd v>.T8ion ciilil not 
but be «(Imitl«l. This finbroileil him vrilli 
tbc mort' extreme proteatoms.wboweri'eiill 
further ofliiidcd by hi* siippon nf llic Mny- 
nuotti pnuit ia 1?J45 twe hi* charge, entitled 
IlfJIi^-liujiA ail a (iritnt to a UunuiH ('iithfUf 
Sfutiaaty, London, ltttS,8vo ; and vT. Has- 

1.ABU, Plir/. Jiebatf*, ;lnl **T. IxXI. 1, *W). 

Mucb liKirtburDJiij! wis aUo causeil 
nmonK CiitlmlirJi In- thit * IntrMlitctory Lett- 
ftons on ("'hrifltian Kriileiicc" (I,oi)di>n, 1&36; 
7th «dit. 184(1, l((inf»),whith Wlintnly wrute 
for life in the kHooI*, and whirJi i^eired 
rlH! fuurtiou of the board. An Dbrid^mcut 
of thin miitninl wip>, Iiowi-rrrr. rxiimu'iv nn- 

firovitd hy Dr. Murray, who »o long an he 
ired cuiitinuw;! coniiallv to co-'>perale willi 
Whftldly. When Sriimiy died (If*.V*) ibe 
excitt^noeiit occn'^ioned by the no-called ' papal 
afTffroiuion ' had not yet subsided, nnd the 
policy of Ihfl Vatican had cvB««d lo hv con- 
ciliatory. The new pritnnlc. I'sul ("uUen 
[q.T.l.ciiiisuiTd both tliv'^criptun; Ext mete' 
and llifi* LfMons.' Tbt^ mmjuriTy of ihi- Imani 
dcMdincd to inptsl on their rutpnlion in iht- 
curriculiim, and Whatt-ly tb«reopon iv- 
dgned (iSi July IftM). His rvjiiremeni 
tended to reassure th« proleetani' parly, and, 
though h<^ iii'Vcr became exactly popular. 
Jiulico wu at length (Jijiii; to tbf courap;, 
coR-HtrientioiisneM, and Ee«l with which, in Uie 
fucc uf unremitting obstruction and miscoa- 
struclion, lit^ bad laboured fur mori^ than 
twenty vfars lo muki- the brat of an uxperi- 
IBL'nl. fori'fli>oini-d lo rnilHnt. llin siTvIciii to 
elemontan' eduration were hy no means con- 
fined lo his work on the board, Uo pos- 
MWed tbti mre ?ift of expomndin^ mnTtcn 
not usually lauftlit in primary »chi>oU in a 
mann<rr intL-lllpiblc to tliH youn;f : nnd truly 
admirable in their way arc hia * Easy Lv»- 
aons on Money Maltprs' (London, 1H.17; 
EKh €dit. I^IT), lOmo), 'Enev I^raBons on 
KaaAomiiK' (London, 1H4.']; Ti'th nlil. 1H4H, 
12nio),*Iiitroduct()i7 Lessons on the Rririah 
(.VtiiKlitutiun' (London, I8f»4, iHmo), 'Intro- 
ductory LfiMona on Morals' (liondon, 1H.V», 
IHuio), and ' Introductory Lessons on Mind ' 
(l^ndon, IKfifl, Rvo>. 

In politics Whately was an rndcpendenl 
liberal, While the Keform Kill wm under 
discusaion he prwiict'.tl that it would fail of 
finalily, and (ivowt-d Iiis jirir'fert-nce fur nmn- 
hood aitflrugL', provided property TPere pn>- 



(cct«<d by a ^i«m of plural voting and 
TOtfr ftCfur«d Afain4t caDTaMinf^r and in 
tnidalion. Pundv political tiiovtionH. h<,i 
ever, interealed him le^Ji I ban thv wrigbl' 
matter* which partifaiiE uEually i(;iHin>- 
the »uinC »f a jihiloMiphi-r h<- otiidicd i 
pcnnlKyNlt^m, which ho fmrpoAed to rffi 
by I W nb'ditton of all pantaliiufliits bni ti 
as Wi-re airictly and nterrly J«-t*' 
Ilia principle* were too abstract to 
general acoeintauco, and wm- indr>ed ii«t< 
given to the world in their eniinjty ; tut ' 

Snhlic utttTanoes m rvwanl to traiiflportoli 
id much to awaicoa tiiu public mind tn 
aeuBo of iln futility and miorhit^voim rv>u1la 
(^4)v hi» ThiMghtt 07I Smndaru PuninAjiiruU, 
m a i^lffr lo Jiiri f'f^y, ljt>M«on, I KSlJ, '>t» 
lifpurt from the Sefert C<-mmittff of K 
ITuua^ tif Cvmw/nt on Tran/^ortalu 
tdotthff u-ith (f JjttUf ft^^m tlw AfMtiti 
<ff Dublin on tht «)fni!>^^*A/n'/, ]<on<lon, Ik. 
Mvn; and cf. his Jntnduetory L^turft mt 
Jtlifirai Ernnomy, App. K-G. eontatnii 
{I) 'Article on Tran»portatioa from 
"London Hfricw."" IfJit, (2) •Item, 
OD Traofportation, in a Lvltvr to P^l 
l*ai, and <«) ', Substance of a Speech , 
Transport at ioD in llie lluuse uf L>"nlf:, 
11) May 1B40'). 11^ bad boundle»fkitb la 
political wonomy, and, having early formed 
■ HtrnngopinionRpninAtoutdnnr relief, alead* 
fastly (iftpos^ itif exti>n.->ioii to Ir>?land ; a 
did he alirink from adherini; to hin phiu-tpl 
dtinng' the potato famine (tA. App. li. ' Hn 
«tanc<- of a .Speech in the llousv of Lo 
•M March 18^7, oji the .Motion for a C«ai- 
mtttei' on Irish I'oor Laws,' and sulijuined 
' I'potwal '). lln waa, howi^ver, a muniRcant 
contributor lo the voluntary rt-liff fimd.Bnd 
or|^nt*»d n sperini committtw in aid of Ihe 
poor clergy. Ilf had no panacea f(«r IrclandV 
woe", but thought it would t<'nd lo reduoe 
disaflW'tion if ttio viceroyalry were aboliahtd 
and the visit* of tbeaotcrijigti w^ra freq 
and prolonged. lie was one of the plou 
ofaocial Miciicc.b<:ing an original mcmlter 
the Statialiral Socit?lvofl>ublin(riiurid"l 
1847) and of it8auii1iarT<founde<lin IB.' 
the Kocirlv for pnimiiting l^cientiSc In 
(juiries into Social Ijuestiona, of wliii-h lie 
wim vice-pivsideni . He prmided over 
HttvtistirQl dennnmenl of the Rril(»b A 
ciation at BeUast in 1S52 and at Dublin 
lRfi7. 

Though not oppos<tI io rvligiau i 
Whatety bad on iutt^nse avt-raion to 
sworn on Atrular uoca«ion)<, and petr 
the (]iiei?n (1S.'I7) for relief fnim thi- d»tj 
swearing in the knights of St. Patrick. 
■upporU'd tfae claim of thi> Jews to t<xeni^ 
tion from ibe pn rliamtacaiy 



men 

I 




W'liately 



4*7 



Whately 



evflotiully prnnnunc'd rit'ci^ivclr againW 
tbo o&lj) il9eir, and indeed any fonn of 
MMTemtioD or dtvUration on ctitvniig par- 
liUBOnt (w« hia aiweclie* in the Ifouw of 
IjordttOD 1 ADff. 1«S3, ia Juno 1849, nnd 
29 April 1853. IIahsaKD, Pari. DthaU; ^rJ 
»«. XX. 2iti, cvi. 81)1, cxxvi. TTlJ). 

\\' hile di^plomg alart'rv, W balelv T Ijou^'IiI 

frndiml {'T*-!i'Tiib1o to miililrti i;[nitiici[>atinn. 
Iti diflCOUDlt:uant«d aabbat&naniiun Is^o li!s 
Ttumghtf o» tht Sabbath, I.ondnn, IK'IO, 
1832, 8to), and approved of iho Ipgaliwilinn 
of mamajj© witli a deceaspd wife's «st*>r 
and of tliH sub»i«)iiiff marringMi of eoiir4^rU>d 
polypmitiu. From Dublin li« «ratcli4.-<l nitli 
■ecu iiitim-ttt ttie course nft-'Ti'Dts in Uxford. 
It was on liis n>coininuii<liiti<>u that It^tin 
Dicksuii llniuiKlrii ;q. v/ wn^ apj)oint«t) to 
tkt) K^OK rh'iir of (fivinit r. anil Dittttrlv did 
bv rawDt ibt' |inrt. tfiki-u bv Ncwiuuii in tbo 
«liha>v)iii>nt r-niitrnvt-'Mj. lledidnot decline 
to rettive Newmon on a ByiRK visit 1« Ox- 
ford in St-plcmbi-r iKift ; bwt thfi publication 
of 'Tmet xc' completed ili« eatrasgenivnt. 
It wna nol. however, iinlil tbi; app'^nranci^ of 
Wanl's ' ]d<>ttl of a C'hriatian Cllurclt ' iliac 
Whatvlv tonk d«>cuive action ajjuinKt X\\v 
raiyvKOivnl. He tluii in a pironuly wonli'd 
lettt-r apwuItHl lo tlw vicfr-crliaiiieUor to Tin- 
dical':! tbu prole)>tiitilii«lii uf tlii> univiTsitv 
;20 (Id- IP-U). Tbi- form wliit-li tU.- viudi- 
iratinn aA))iim<-ct lli!Ul{^|Klilltl'd biu.a^ lit^ h>-ld 
that Ward's deffradalioii was nol, vrhile Lis 
«xpiiI»ion woii)triinrrb>'<.'n, wttliin the )>iiw<-m 
nf rfinvncnTifin, He nbo ivjrniited the defeat 
of tlis pntpos^ censiirv of ' Tf«ct xc' 

Tli« Gnrbatn conlrorertv elicifd from 
Wbat«ly a clinrge, 'Infant IJaptiam ' {Lon- 
don, lt*5tl; I'nd cd, 1854, 8vo), in which he 
attempted to prove that ih>- high vipw of 
baptism id unM^riptnral [t^ce QoKii AM, Geo liuR 
COBKEUVS}. 

On ihe port of Koun; Whately dreaded 
ovtirt MttDu fur Xvw than et-crti prL>poKiiiida. 
ItylitO Ru*cnlli<d p«])nl agen-Hit^n ol iN'id hn 
waa almost iinnovod. rh«> I'^cleiiiiislical 
Titli^a Act li* dt-pliiri-<l an nn crmr nf judg- 
ment, hut depn-cdli'cllh«'|>rapoAed exci^jition 
of Ireland from its piirvi<>w (see bis chnrjte, 
Prottrtiif Mra*urr» in 6rktt(f af thf litta- 
A/wAnf Vkureh, London, 18'4> ^vo). The 
Society for I'roltctiuK the Hiffbts of Con- 
sdencc which \w. fuundi-d in 18.^1 van merely 
intended to nfl'ord aa«iATaiu-'e to converts 
from uithvilicism toprnicstaotism who were 
KulTerin^ iindfr rrliuioiis iwrnocution. T>m 
Bupport which in \f^iZ he j^va to Lord 
SbaftnbuTy'a petition for Ibo reeiKlration 
and inspection of ronventunl establishroentN 
rwtt^^i on brood grounds of public utility 
^«ee his iipAMh in iUl- House of l..onl8,(i May 



1B63, Haxmbd, Pari. IMati-^i. :{rd rcr. csxti. 
12B6), On the definition of the luiniaculatv 
Conecplion b« did indcrd i»«iio a I'harge, 
•Thought* on the Nt^w liogmaof theC'buivli 
of [{omc ' (Ijondon, ltS5o, tfro), but hia main 
coiicvm wus lo diMuade othvn from em- 
batliiuK in fruilli-Ji* controversy. From th(i 
evangelical ulltaiicv he lipfd aloof (^t'o hin 
Thought" on th« Kriinffrlictit AHianrr, l.nn- 
dnn, 18^(1, li'ino). To Gt'nuun ratinnaliRtn 
Jii»was«sstr>jiiBlyoppt>se4l n» to viit:<.>nl<:>talisni 
and Cftlvinism \fiCK- fiwtorir CerttuHtiiJi tv- 
fPfctiHif th^ tMrti/ Jlutniy of Ami^rica, 1.0I1- 
<ion, I8<'j1, i*so, an in^nioiM travrsty of Ihe 
higher rriticii^iu, in which ho co)latniraU>d 
wtlU William Kiligemld <|. v.], and IIib 
Cinititme far tki- Thntj, London, 1B53, 8vo, 
for wliicli, with Kitx^Tuld, hu wua also 
joinllv n-sponaible). 

In ltv'>4 Wliatwly dlscbariti^ a labour of 
love and pieiv by editing CnnWron'a ' Ke- 
mains' (LonJon, Svo). In 1850 he oon- 
ccntmtfd tlifH resnltj nf many yi'ar* of «tudy 
in an annotated edition of liacon't ' I^waya' 
<Iii»t ed. 1^73). In INiU Wdiil a like office 
for I'ftli'vV 'Moral i'hilosophv ' luid 'Viisw 
of Ciirisi lan E\ idencen ' ( l^mlon, hvo ). Hi« 
own * Lvcturc-s on I'tune of tbii Scripture 
I'arablest' nliU) auiiearfd in \M/i\ <ljmdgtt, 
l^mo). Ilia 'STiBcellanTOUB Leclnren and 
Kevifws' fotlowrd m IrtfJl (l^ondon, t!vo). 
A partilyCic attack from wliicb b" sulfertiid 
in l^rrii pTOTi'd to be symptomatic of a con- 
Ktilnti'iii tlioroiigbty underniin»d, (irudual 
demy stijierveni>d, and, afh^ra p mlongi'd and 

Ssint'iil ilineas, he died at the l*alace, i^t. 
Ivphen's Orcim. Dnblin, on I Oct.. l«6a. 
His remains were interred in St. IVtrick'a 
Catbi<dral. 

Whaitrly murTi«d,0Ql8 Jnlv IHil, Lliu- 
beth (./. 2o April iWtiOl, third daii((bt.T of 
William I'uiHiurHilliiiKdouHall, I'xbridge, 
lliddlcnex, liy wliom U>- It-ft t with fnmale 
isEue) a son, Kdward William WhntelT, 
clmnwJlor of Ht. J'.itricks lH6L'-ri, and 
rector of Staines, ^1 iddU'-ti'X, iM71-ft2. 

"W liiitely ij^on-d metaphysics and mini- 
misi^l tli*'rilogy. In early life Iiic whs sub- 
pected of n leaning tonnnls liiJiiKllitinism, 
Dvit this was at mo>-t a fu^itiTe |>ha>e. From 
the appeudiccit i« the * Discourse on Predea- 
linalion ' it i^ plain tbiil already in 1)^21 In's 
vinws lecidcd towards the af^neticism which 
was afterwanU pretiiH-lv formiilatt-d liy 
Mansel. Transcend enlalura and the- higher 
crit JciMn , wbit'li lii> did not nnderstaadi be 
was cnntent to dismi.M with a anfcr. His 
tfardinal iinm'i|i]i' wo? that of Chillingworth 
—' the Bible, and the Bible nlone, is the 
religion of proteataula ; ' and hiH excgt^iii 
wa« directe:d to determine tbo general leog* 




■ban.' 



eViBTTt, ifsem 






If iW bntaiMra of laajaKT 

I aaCMft'. Hm cMiTVPMtKNi*! poven 

tla aniniftaoa of to conpfunt t 

jwlp — linbo* < JWiMi'i 1^ T. 168); but be 

£il«M,«atW«)MlK,MdiMCt«T. ^sietDOKdi, 

_. ■MiMiiii hm Mde m 183S, be 

ikhM*. Is bter Uie Im beMMe 

i kI bw , cad. ihoogfa kIwiti • 

fniri, if a(naXoei,hoM,WM never au Uppx 

fcMbeah»«rhiiSinras: Iwiruin 

bottiCBknsiat al fait ccnuvtrj 

V na a itj ^a pactmk WMjnuirtad br OUtov 

Satsk «f tke Ro^ IfiWnuB AcAdeaij. 

A MMb>4«fnt<«d nmrut of him U in IM 







C4r Durerimm 






I 




fcr ewT 

tfct Mk «r fiwir 

^MwitldallM 
brGfaiMlwMlffw Ui 

IMU d««; akridcMfltt bgr Mm E. J. 
Wbatd^ catitM Airtifctil Shriwiiw 

U alUa Wbrttlr «n M tMmtiaumvt 
tW lAael of Batbr. mmi -'****«gl r kk 
asMWioH M Phky* ' MotiI FUkOTphy ' 
fiiBMitty look Om fcrai of •Cnetom. U 
apMMjBbes a« tha arker hudi, Mev wsb 
kis ■iTliiicktJIii.iiil ■•rtor. H» nxHt ch»- 
TMHiHCic ■BBlil ink WBi tuaog omiBga- 
•HMB. His ■trla w«a <K^Bifled, Mrroiu, t»f- 
■■i e» o M T *B^ iwmftiww ■aMitulJiMM iiv4> 
Afacixrf rAoMjrAf* owrf ylMklUmu and 
Seheti^MM tntu his writu^. Xadoob, 1s54 
■■dl8S0,6To>. Hi» pirtT It aad«niftblt, and 
bU belief in Ibe unii'tfrMl miaBioii of tb« 
ebureh is atterted br tbp miiport whidt bt- 
garr to th« ijocirty ti>r thi- iSoM^tion of 
the Gospel in Foreign I'arts. liiou^h nn 
bigottbedtd not «xacll]ri.TTlbr>>u(;fa etc^waiw 
teXfTKoci'. Tn Pua«j he ()«ued »rmii«inn 
to preach in th« archdiocese, And Newraan 
bA (Ifclincd to re(?eirc in Diibtin. Blanco 
Whit«, DO III* iwceasioB IVoia ihu churcb 
of Kn((land, found (hat he must raai^ bis 
poHilion in \\'tial>-l,vV lioiLSehold. [As 1o 
(faeii* aubtequent rvlaciona and \Vhat«ljr's 



oUMCjk^^ 
LuidCodaa^ 




fur ocbarr enfraT«d par* 
kia ' Life.* cited ikAm. 
WkaCdy'a pciaripal worka (otbac 
oae ■arttoBad aboret uv the 

I. *Tke Uaatju'a Dali mutdeRMi 
SmmhC Ollatd. iaSI.'$(a. :!. _.^ _. 
tfe (kwiwifiB dfChvc^ Litutviw, and Godaa 
at FnrlHaiwfiwI Ckoaac ia the N'evr TeaU- 

BMA,' UMdtm, 1«1, 8m. 3. * SvrmoM «■ ; 

VariMH Mjetta,* LmmIob, 1S3S.Pvo; iwlfl 
•diuiatS: vbIbtbwI npnmt mttititA 'Sn-a 
■AM oa the PHneipal Chriatian FiMxtiit,' 
L—Abd, I o^(-tfi. 1. * BevnariQ on sco*' 
CWMa of Hartili tr to Uie Cb r ' 
I>aUia, 18&^ 8t>^ Tk • Kfc'^v 
the Uu|^n to the Cfarialiau tiiiih uiiidi 
aaav ariM fraoa the Tc«cibiB|r nr Condnct <tf , 
iu fto fcjJB W W : to which atr ~ 

IMaeootMS,* LacMton. IKI0; 
t<r[>. 4. *Tb? Snreh afttr icm.iiljtt 
UuWu».lM7;-AdwJit.lR*B.Hv.». 7.'Sut«- 
mFDle and Redaetioiu Tv^ptTtiiic thu Churcb 
utd lb« UwTtZMtin*, brini; itn Arui«r<Tr to as 
£D<iuiry entKenin^ ibn Moreautnt cm* 
b^cimI vith tb» Appointment of the Bi^op 
of Htrffortl.' DnbltJi, 3ad edit. I^d.,, 

9. ' lntn>dur<oi7' Leaaona on the Uii 
Religious Wofuip,' London. 1849, 

II. ' Four i^ermoo*.' l^^odon. I&19, 

10. ' [ntrodoctory LMsona an (be St 
iho .\po*tle l*«<i]> Kiii^ioc,' LondoD,] 
24ino. II. *Tra<-laluit Trm da Lociaqfl 
dam dilficilioribiis Seriptom Satnc, 
Df Arboribtw Sci«iiti« mc V'ita?.- 

frimitiui mansuefacti et «zealti Homil 
•e Tun-i B«b^l ; ' Snd •?«lit. Sl'itt(tart»] 
8to. li * I.Mtun4 on ili*' Cbancttf 
our lord's Apoatlce,' London, leSl, Hm. 
IS. ' l..M:tui«a on the SrHptiirc Kerrlationi 
eoncemios Good and Kvil AnficU.' Londoe. 
1851 : :!nd edit. 185.J. l-'mo. 14. -Tboagbt* 
oa tb« Propoead Kiit^biun of tb? Litnr 
• Charge,' Londoa. ItiOO, Sro. 15. 



Pariah I'Mtor.'lxmdOB.ISaO.Svo. Iti.'Lec- 
liincs nn Prajrer,' London, If^tW, 12mo. 
17. 'Thv Jud^Dnt of CuRKJiiict!, ood other 
S.-rmoiii,* I,ondnn, i8tJ4. «vo. IH. ' CUria- 
iian Evid«ncP8, iiiti'ri<l<^ chinllv fur ilie i 
Yqiii»k,' I^Micioii, ISftl, !2aio. 11). ' MUohU 
luieoiui liflmalm' (frnm his cc>mm"itpljic<-' 
book), London, I8(H, 12tno j .'W .liit. IKIMI, 
8vo. 

Wlutely edited in 18S9 'RnunHcB on 
Aomo of th<- Oharactt^n of Shabo^oArc,' hy 
liis uncK", Tlioiiiaw Whately [q. vjj •ome 
trifling j)icf*5 by his vite: and *A S>:lcctiftn 
of EnplisliSvnonytn*' by liw dau(;Lt«r, .Miss 
E. J. \Vli«l«'ly, London,' 1851. 

[M'imC J. Whfttcl/«LjlfbimilUorT«»poDd>^iifG 
of Kiohanl Whntoly. D.I)., iMtl; Fltspfllrifk'* 
Aawdutal Uemaira oi RicbKnl WImI^Ij-, I SOi ; 
OmlMtoD* Rmnuni, tA. Wluitely; .Mrmoniila 
or T>ady Onbonio. I »7'), ii. ^01 "l ■°<|. ^ H. W. 
WUktuly'a PerKxiiil nnd Family Oliiitpifs of Re- 
nurkable P«opI#. I8K0; Simpaua'n Muny M«- 
Bioriwof Uauy Psoplo. 1807; Stanley '■• Lira of 
Arnold ; NewmaDS A;)oloitin. vliiip, i',, nad New- 
man's Lfl tera, od. inna Moalcy ; l'rolhero*a Ufn 
*adOo'rrMi)')nJpnci*'if A, 1'. Stanley, nod Loticrt 
and Venev of A. ]', Sumlcyi Moil«y'R Rcmmi- 
aoancM; Seoior'H Jniirnnls rclutiDg to Imluid, 
ii. i7-74, 12'2-C8. 206 ft w.'^. ■ Hlnnoi WhitK« 
Autobi(igrat>liy,n't. Thorny KamikUnaMpmurinU 
of Bitliop Uiinip'l4n ; J. B. MiMley'* letter*; 
Chnrc'i'it Oifrird AlAt-enient ; Ilaridinn Aiiit 
Seubstri'a Lifa of AcvlkJIxiM CninpWll Tnit, 
i. 40, ii7 ; Ltddon'v Lif« of I'luiey : Kur^n'n 
Lir«9 of TwoIto Ouo(I Men; Om'n K«(m)I1l'- 
tiuDNuf (Ixfurd.p.C'l; Nioliitllii'«)ri«b P-iorlJiw, 
pp. llfletiieq. : t'ntaur's An.'hbtBbapWliat»lyHad 
lOQ BoatoniUon of tht* Study of l>:i^c; Ilnrriot 
3dan'in*«u'« Diographiirnl SkelcliM ; OruvilU 
Mflraoin't2iidpi..).i>i-7>i: Fostcr'aAlumoiOxon.; 
Fwi«r'B]iidczE»:l(«. ; l''oM»ir'*J'«ieran;*.'C£M.t'ii- 
tiaia;' Uoowni'ii KortfuKUhirp, i, (Ilrviiiglimgl, 
fl9. UI, iii. (Du-omin). 123; Bmylvy luA 
Biitton" ■Surmy. ii. 807; M.irning nnd Itniy'i 
Romiy, ii. 8(17, iii. !• ; rodon'n T'luti Keel. 
Hilwrn.; Gout Mah. 18ia i. 37!), 18(10 i. H2. 
1963 ii. 6(0. lliA4 i. H(I1; Note* And Qne^i^^ 
3itl wr. vil. 222; Aon. Hi^. (IHIta). (?)ito(i. 
p. 316; Time*. 1. 4 .lulv. 11. 2l>. 37 Av«.. 
e, II 8«pL. 28Oin.lS<VI.«0ct.l8tf2:tiuiU'diHn, 
11 Oct \6G»: We^tmiiiHler RcvUw. ix. 1ST 
(J. 3. Mill ..n WUBt^lyj Lofiic); miub. Ker. 
Irit. lai, Iriii. 3:iG. sl'. 'Ml n., KL'iii. dytf. cxx. 
372*(iM«].: Qiinrl. Hev. xxri. 82, xlvi. 4fi, Koix 
S87; NonbBrit. IUt. i.'ietti Macniillan'sMig. 
Dmrnber 186;} (Trtncli on Oriel Colleec Hull) ; 
Spoctntor. 17 Of^t. 1863; rilackwood* R.linl-. 
Mug. xeri. 4*2 ; Tho Mr>nth, vi. 100; T'rn»ir'H 
Mae- Ixxv. 615: AtlioQiDum. Hit p. 'iSl. 1856 
p. itrS, ISoD ii, 06&: Ilnllnm'n I.itrriitnTc (<f 
r'uniiia, ii. -I'JSn. ; Qeorif* Bnntham'H Outlinrii 
of aNewSykt«uiDf Lojpi!; SirOeorfjiuCoroewull 
Levis'i ExAiniDatinn rtf mime I'unsn^tH in Dr. 
Wliately's Logic, WiS; Hamiltona I«cinn3« on 




Mnti^pliyiiia and liOgie; J. S. Mill's Logic, I'r»* 
fum and ebnp. iii.; J. S. JUU'ti Eluininatioi) 
of ^r William Hiimilton'a PhiloMplir. 6ih n\U. 
p. 04 1 ; PflaidL-rer's I>HT«lop(»uat of Tllpolony in 
Ijerinitny •iDci> K>uii, and it* Pni-grMii ru ICu(tUii>! 
since 1(123. pp. SBH-'J; Fiahtr'a Uitnory ut 
t'hri«itiAn I'oclrine. p. 450; Ororton'» Eni{liah 
(.'h\irdi in ih-n N i imli.'nit ti Oentnrv ; SUiiii;liloti'>i 
licligiou in Kuglund Imm 180(1 to 18JIU.J 

J. M. R. 

WHATELY. THOMAS (.!. I7;2>, poli- 
tician and littTury Hindent. wua an eld«r 
brotlitT of J'jsvp]] Wbaivly of Nonsucli I'urk, 
Stirrfy (.MaVSIVc. nnd UkaT, fiurny. ii.li07), 

frvbondary of Bristol !7";i-7 {Oent. Mag. 
797, i. XlM'A, luid unclt! of .\rcbbislioii 
Wlmt^Iy. H« was Itnown to all thfi ti>A(Iinf; 
men in public Ufu m a Wn polilician and 
a well-infonnwl man. For many yi?«.w lio 
waa in tbe cloaesl conHdeuce of Georfft' Oren- 
rilli'. til whom lie cooirn union led from hi* 
Iioitite in Partiamont StrL>et, H'eglmitister, 
an abundance of p^liticAl ii^sslp {Gr^Htiiite 
Papers, ii. ] 33 to I'nd). Hv w-o cornffponded 
witli Lord TemnlB, Ix>rd George KuckvIllM, 
and JanuM Ham;*, M.P. 

Wbatvly «at in ];iir]iuu>r<TiI fmin 1761 lo 
irUfi fcir the borough of Ludjifrshall in 
Will^biri', and from I "flS until liU di^atU ba 
repri'ftrtntM the bomnfrb nf Ortatlit Uisiiig in 
Norfolk. From .*» .\pnl IT'U until ita dis- 
miMnl in .hiLr 17ti6 h>^ lii^ld thu poet of 
ddcrvtary to tlie trt'iuitiry in (i«(ir;n> Oron- 
rille'a administration, and he llu-n wmit 
into opposition witii that itatc^man. He 
waa the anlhor of" Itt^niark^ on " Tliu Ilud- 
get " or a Candid Evaminiition of the Facts 
and Arennieul* in tliiit. Pauiphlvt ' (1 700'), re- 
futing |)avid Hartley's attack on (ircnvilli-'a 
finaniL>ial Hcht.'iui.'H, and Iiu ulito dvfunJed bis 
I'liirf in ' ConaidvnittOua on tht' Triuln and 
Finanres of the Ivinfrdoai and on the Mea- 
aunrt of till' .\d[ninii>lrati>f)u ]>lnci> the C<ni- 
clnatnn of ilie P«isi?b' (Srd edit. 17691. 
Whately liiw wmi'limM Iwen credited with 
tlio flnthor.'<hi[) of a jtamphlrt on thi; ' Pre- 
spnr Stati> of the Nat i-on ' (17tlt*; apjitodix, 
1769). hut it WHS probably drawn up, under 
Uri.'nville's superviaion, by William Kuox 
(17S2-1810) [q. T.l A second pamphlet, 
'Thu Coiitrovttrey btiiweoo Great Britain 
mid ht-r Colonies raTiewed* (1709), attri- 
bnted to liim and included in Almon'a 
' ("olli-clion of Tract." on Ta.\iu(( the Briliah 
Colonies in America ' (vol. jii. 1773), \i also 
believpd to havp hwn ivrittt-n by Ivnox. 

I)n nrenwlltt'a death in NovVmberr 1770 
Whftlely attached bimiielf to Lord North, 
nnd ft(^t^'d «« t.hr ' go biMween ' for bin tdcl 
patron's frienda. Junius tlierttupini d4v 
: nounced him aa poaae^ing ' the lal> atta*d' 



an nltonwy' nnd 'the nifilitj- of Cvtoael 
lJo<if^» ■ ( un imwieldT mmn who coulil 
iu:arc«Ij' niuvi.*),ntidas 'deHtirtiiiKf-tnuviltiiV 
cau(« when liP wn* hArdIv cotd in hU ^^r&vt:' 
(loctvr, Ojaii. 1771.ined![lSli. iii. 310-11». 
Hn wna nppoiiit4^1 ii commiiujoner nn th# 
hoiinl of Irnilf in Jnnunnr* 1771, flf^ ' ket'p'jr 
■>f lii« Mujc'lv'it |)Kviilf nuula «iiil ^[iiidt: to 
hU royal ]M'reon in nil pra^nisses ' in Janu- 
uy 177-, and Iik wiu under-iu^rvtar)' nf 
Atflti' from June 177! for tliH northern d&- 
{mrtui^nt. Thwp ujipointmwnt" U" held for 
th>^n*« of his liffl. lie dioil iinmarrk'd and 
inte6lnt(> on i.'O May 1 772 ; liin brothiT, Wil- 
lijUQ WhnU'ty. R hanki-r in l/imhnrd Strttt, 
London. ftdinini»<t4.'rvd to the vSi-vti. 

Whartdy wm tlic Qiilh&rof ' t.)bsL*r\"ation« 
on lloJeni (jhtrdftnirKT, illuittrnTml liy de- 
wcriiitinnii' [«uon.", 1770; 4th «i, 1777; fi(h 
od. 1703; new m. with ootf^ hy Horace, 
uarl of Orford, and plntvs of Wollet [#icj, 
1801. 8e1«etinna from it were nintlo for 
Fodhmlce's *Wyo Tour: or 'tilpiii on the 
Wye, IftSB,' *A Prfiii-li tnicwlntinn by 
Franfoin d<> l*flul Lucapie, with addiliomi, 
was published at Paris in 1771 (Wali-OLK, 
Ij^ttcrn, X. 321, 321): itH main idi» wn* 
odopt«d by a M- Morel in France (Nichols, 
/thutratitM* ^f Lit. vii. .M-*>-«V. nnd th*- Abh« 
IVHIIq in ' Lf!> JBrdio*,' I7ty(thini chant) 
<tiyr\ii,^ of hira aa bis maat^r. Archbishop 
Whfitply, in the l«tw tasiu's of \m ulluuii 
of Itacon's ' Ewitys.' nppmid* a nntu to luuiiy 
xlvi. 'On OftrdrnH,' in pr«i*t> of his unolti<t 
trMtiM'tbut HOmewbat eruiKtrentti-iiiniuuert- 
itif! that ho 'fimt broitpht. into notice Thom- 
wn'x "SoMom."' (ieor^ Mason, in hia 
<I-lMay on Deaijfn in Goirdcninp' (ITftS^, 
omile no opportunity of wnviirinii his 
volume; but AliHon, in his ' Emuvb on 
Tftnle.' gives it the bighi-st pmi»i-. 

Wliatelr left- nnfiniolit-il at hia dojith an 
MMV citlUvl ' R«>inarka on Some of the 
Chaructera of Shakeflpean" ' TSfncbflh and 
Ttichard llll- It ttr* pnhliahftd br his 
broth'T, iheKev, JoB«ph Whntely, in 178fi, 
aa 'by the author of "Observation* on 
Hodvm Oaniouinir."' wai rabsued with his 
naini> nx nuthor, in 1808, And tvjitftd by 
Arehbinhop "flnuitoly, who calU it 'op« of 
lh«iil)li-«l (riticjil work* Hiat ever appear«<l,' 
in 1ft.'!!). It hnrl been hif intunt.ion lo a:ialy80 
•'igbt or ten of 8h)iliiw[ViiT»''*priiieipaic-barao 
t.-r* in ihf anme mnnner. bnt hif woa inter- 
rupted by other bosiii(^». llin wwtay pro- 
voWd from .r. r, Kt^mble n aharp nn-swer in 
'Macbeth KeoonBidered' [unon.l. I78-"t, and 
" Mnpbeth and Kino- Jiichurd ITI. By J. P. 
Ki'mblu,* 1817. In the antiimn ni 1811 
Whalely'a work attrnctM the notice of 
Cbarlee Knight, lutd iiltinuU-ly lod to hut 



nod 
« of , 

i 




edition of Shakespeare (KnaoT, RTV. 
/.t/r-. ii. 2t«)-2). 

Several letters writt^'n in 1767-9 by 
veroor Hutchinson, Lieut«naat-Oovt;i 
Andrew Olivfr, and others, to WTinlely, 
vrhicli pa<«0d on hiii dwtb to bU brother 
Williun, Kite oblainMl by Franklin god 
brought before the UnfuochiiHctu houM oi 
reprc'sentntivi-a, Theoe comtnunicationx 
to a |ielition from the Dolony to iha pri 
coOBCil for the removal of Ihv officials i 
bad oorrceuondod with What#ly ; dnriitg 
hearinft of Hx- petition Wedderbum, 
couneol for the nflicialu, innd<- hit fiaros 
attack on FmnVlin. A duel followed he- 
twaen William What'^ly iind John Templa, 
an American gentleman residing in l^nflaad, 

[Gent. Mag. 1712, pp. 217. 343; Ahnw*! 
Anwdolw. Ii. 103-7, ill. 338-73: CavcadiabV 
Debatm, ii. 214-lfi: Chath^vm CorrMp. it. 7^ ^ 
I'aiton'aKrankliq.i. MO-82; WiUptJaHJonn 
1771-83. i. 2n5: Hat4'hinKa*« I'iary. i, B\- 
UiiCchinaoo's MiunHchuwetta Rur (0^29). 
404-18 ; An:!ibi.hop What«ly» Lifa 
CorrcBp. L 2-3 : Fdlon'a Aoihom on 0; 
ing. 2Qd ed. pp. TIKG; HnlkeU jumI La: 
Anno. Lij. pp. 480, 1773. 2148.] W. P. C' 

WHATELY. WILLIAM 0588-1639), 

puritan divine, 6on of Thomas Wliat«lT,twioi 
mayor of Uanbury, Oxfordshire, ana Joy 
his wife, wa« booi at Brinbtirr on '_'! Jl 
I ■'^83. At fourteen he entered Chti 
(Villi<fn^<. Cambrid|^, where he hnd Tho< 
Potmuu for litK tutor. He f;T>duat«<I B-A. 
in IttOI, having won notici! w & logician and 
orator. lie loft Cambridge with deei 
piiriUn opinions (ocontiiuiuthi-oloi^ciUetUi 
at hom<^, and married Martha, daii^trr 
Ovorgp Hunt, follow of Magdalen Col 
OxfoM, and for fifty^nrt y«araroctor of 
linKbourai' Ducis. Wiltshire. At the iiMl 
gntioii of hif" fnther-in-Uw^Bonof John Jlir 
a puritan, coiideiDne4l to )k> burnt by Q 
>[ary, but reprieved hy berdeath ), he repai 
to O'tfiird lo rttudy for liie ministry, and i 
incorporated at St. Edmunil Hall on l^Jnlj 
HXtt (««y. "/ Unit: of O.fonl. ed. CUrta 
II. i. 966). Uo gradiiati-d M.A. on 36 Jij 
I6(H, wa« aoon after choM>R lecturtr in 
iintiva town, and wu in^^litul/'d on Fi 
1610^ on the king'n urr,u'nliition, to ( 
vican^ of BanbuTY, wnere, aUhoiigb at fl 
Coniiid«r»>d Too poriTsn, he was soon mo^ 
liked, flifl'nhle hodvand !>oiind lungs'(hr 
w«» called ' the Roaring Boy of Uaub'ory '1, 
sdd4>d i-n hi."* r^-piitation for • matter, method, 
elocution, and pronunciation * ( Li/eof Hdnu, 
by W.D),attrftCt«'d'greal wits'and pwBQU 
of many p&rsutMioux to come out from Oi- 
ford to h«ar him. With othtw ministenlie 
dvlivorud locturee at Stratford^oD-Avoa. 



i 






Jtv ihe publication nf A Rr!«iv-IJr«li; or 
• IJirection for Mmricd Person.'*. I'la'inely 
ilcKT ibi lift til « Ihties coionioa to botb, sml 
p«ciilinr to i>afh of thrm' (l/^nrlon, 16IS>, 
■tlo: repubtisbi-J lOil; BrisiMl, I7*SM. I:»uoo: 
tranKlati-.! inio WelflU. LUnrwsl, IWH, KTo), 
ill whirb he prnpouiidi'd tbat ' the i>iD of 
■dult'^ry or wilfull ilf!it*rf.t(in (li!M»lv<^tb tho 
bonil mil] finnibilAti>tb the coreOROt of matrl- 
inonie,' VVhntely rniffwl h xlorni of oppiuitioii 
in the cbiireh. H«' wuh co^v^■nf^^l belorB the 
hitrb coimniifiioii. but, relnictinR hU proii<>- 
•itiotu on 4 May ]6^l, wm di.^miittca. Tn 
thit BecuDtl vditioii of 'The [Iride Bush' 
(1023) liB appemlM an addrew to the K&dor 
' from him tlial hud ruthcr conftiue his owne 
ontir than innkn lht>e prrc for comp&nj-:* 
and o^nin in ' A C&» Cloth ' be dL>aiiHl bis 
former opinion. Whntwiv diii! «t Hanbury 
on lU Mey 1K8D. He iraH htiried id the 
charch^kril under » raisvd raominn-nr, now 
dfstrny^. but tlip K-tuArlmblc irmrrinlion is 
pre«Tvwl bv ii copy nude ou 13 July 1600 
(Harl. MS.'4!70>. 

Th»i peopltf of Banbury hold \\'hatfly in 
liiffh mKmid, n fiu:t raf«rrod to ironically hy 
Richnrd Corbet [r\. t.\ Bocceasiroly bishop of 
Nwns'ich and n^fiml, in hi* ' Iter Boreale,' 
wriflt-n iiboTit liV>.'),whBro ho saya, r«fi'rrinp 
to tbv neglected conditJoti of the church : 

If 1.01 tcT Ofttli. for Mr. WhMlIyo'i anke. 
Jjtvlllha <K»\k-i ; vugipiHi* lh*«o pit! f*lls mn\ui 
Him «)>r>tinc a Iretiire. or mlitplace a joynt 
In bU Ian;; pmyrr, or hi* firetoeiiUi poiot. 

Wbatcly'* engravM portrait is -preflxed to 
tiiB poglhiimouF vuluinoofuwrmnn^iMiiiHlby 
fatx mxffuUii*. lUiiry Scudder and Edward 
Leinb. 

By bis wifp, Martha Hunt (buried at llmi- 
bary on 10 fVc. 1641 ]. Wliat-lv bad rwn 

ij|pn»— William (r/. 'ii Jan, KU"), pi-rha])* 
»tical with William Whnt^'ly, maynr of 
lbury;nndThr>ina»,vicarof.'-iiitton-under- 

'BnII(«,Warwir)uhir<>,wheiie«h«wfl(iojccted 
in 1003; lie nArrwiirdK preached at Milton, 
Woodwoclc. and Long Combe, OxfonUhiro. 
■Bid was buried at Dsnburv on 27 Jan. 1098 
(OaiAMT.wt Palmer. iii.aSO). Anongrared 
portmit is profixed to his * ProMtypoe.* 

Whately «a« aUii Buthorof; 1. 'Tli*l{i»- 
demption of Time.' Irfindnn, IfWtt, 12mo, 
3. *A CavpBt for the Ci>vetou»,' l^ondun, 
J609, ISmo. S. 'Th.' NVw nirth," I»ndnn, 
1618. -Ito: 3n,| ,.,i;u I02i>. 4lo. I. 'God's 
Buabandrv.' l^-ondon, I»2:*, i^vo: republi«h(.<d 
London. ]R4fl. ISra-f. 5. 'A Hthie, Short, 
■od Miilbodi<!all oiii-iiind of the Ten Cnm- 
msndHraents,' London. 16'i2,Rvo. 0. ' Mor- 
tification." I.ond'.n. 102^!. -llo. 7. '{^Iiari- 
tible Tesrw,' F>indoii, 1623, 4lo. 8. *A 



Care-Clolli ; or a Treatiie of tho Crmben 

and Trouble* of Marriage,' London, 1tiS4. 
y. '.finm- no nmr",' Limtlon, I'J'iJ*, 4l'j (■ 
rare acrmon, pri'AChed upon the ocni~'>ion of 
a firv which on Sunday, \i Mart'h 1029, de- 
Htrovisl alinoNt thu wholnof Banliury town). 
10. 'The Poon'. Man'" Advm-ate,' L(iridi>n, 
ISar, «vo. n. 'TIih lly!« of (.;i«d«eM, or 
Comfort for Dejeetud Sinners",' I^ndnn, 10>{7, 
Kvo. Id. 'l*ro1n1vpe«"' t post humous), I^n- 
don, I('.K>, fol.: 2ri(l .Hlii. 1817, fol. 

Whaiely'a libnry. calalo|rued by Edward 
Miltineton (London, I08S, 4to), was sold at 
Briiltrc'i* cotte»-howw in I'ope's Huod Alley 
on L'fi .\pnl ItWS ; but Sciidder t«ll» us that. 
altlioii;;h a givot readier, Whaloly did not 
own many ItookM, having Ihn run nf a book' 
seller's shop in Ilanbur>-. 

(S^eudiWa Lifa of Wlmtelr, prvfliod (o 
' Prototjpos : ' Wood's AthiMiv Osna. (<d. BIim, 
ii. 638: nrook's Lira "f tlir Puri'na*. ii. 430; 
I'Dtlnr'a Worihint, li. 32(1, ^K; M^ila'K Work*. 
3rd fl. fol, 167',!, p. xxsvil ; B<!«»l«y'it Hi«c. of 
llanbury. containing Th« brat, amount of him; 
Durham'* LiTo of Ito)i*nHarr!it, lU'tn; Gmnitera 
Biogr. ni>t. ii. 190 : Macray'a R(«. Matrd. Coll. 
ii. )9fi: Botlleian Catalogns: Oliirlcea Marrow 
of l-;;d«^a«lina Birtory, 1H7«, p. 48«.] 

C. F. 8. 

WHATTON, WILLIAM UOBERT 

(1790-1H35), surgeon and antiquary, son of 
Ilenry Whatton, by Klizaboth, daughter of 
.Tohn Wotkinson, wo.* bom at Lough- 
borough, LfjJct^Mvrshire, ou 1" F^b. 1790. 
He was admitted a member of the Uoyal 
CoUfgL' of ^?u^itl■u^» on 10 March 1810, and 
Nettli-d at Mfliirhester aboul IHlfi, where h« 
was niU'rwurdi- surgeon to the Itoyal In- 
firmary. In .InnuHry }ti-J2 ht* joined tht^ 
Mnndiester Lirerary and I'hilosophicnl i^a- 
riety, and waa electe<l librarian in IS2><. To 
tilt- ' Memoir* ' of tlist swrty he oontri- 
buted in lfS4 ' ObMrvationx on lb« Armorial 
Bearings of cbe Town of Manchester and 
on tbe Deecent of the Baronial Kauiily of 
<JrealeT '(printMl for the author, Manebeater, 
4to). llo was wlectfld a fellow of tho Itoysl 
Society on fi .Inn« IS.'U, and wa* F.S.A. of 
Ijondon and Edinburgh. To ' ArchoHiIogia* 
(xxx. -W.'j ) hi> •fliil an ' .\ccounI of the r>i»- 
povery of tui Aiien'nt Tn-itniment of Bravi 
at P.o<.'hda]e,' and to ' ArchiDologia Suolica ' 
(it. 1) nn inti>n'*titif( jiBppr on certain fumi- 
tuTufttSpt'ke Hull, Lancashire. la li^2S 
he wrot*- 'The [ii»torv of Manchester 
School,' and in 1^133' A History of ChclJttm 
Koapital und Librarv,' which together form 
tho third volume nf lliblwrt- Ware's * Foiin- 
dtitiou'' in .^lanchetlt>.■^.' Hi- projected a 
work on the worthies of Lancashire ; but 
whm Edward Baines [q. v.] atmouncvd hie 




* Hlrtofj </ LiBCwAiwi ' ha hftMfed ma liu 

Magi^kic*^ m eom j i etv i Bona, to be in- 
eononted m tint wwL la 18S9 b« 
puSliAed tvo fMMifUets propMitip tbe 
MtaUiahacBt of a aniwrMtv for Mao- 
ffcfrttrr M br uijmfted on t£a Ronl In- 
•citHlioB ol tlut Icnro. TW adwnw of « 
SCukduMtcr ttiuTMsitT WW Kgun broopfat 
ItKwvU br Bury liOBflucTUle Joon j\.v.] 
U IfiSB, ImU not fiuUy curied ont'unljl 
Um Victoria uAiretsitjwufiMuidvd in liSW. 
Iln twofeMtioiMl paper* were ooofined u> 
a coDtnbntion on ' Spinal and 8puio-eaaf;U&l 
Iiritalion'M llir 'North of Knglmiul SiMu^al 
and £urgieal Jonnul ' i I^SSO), and ' An Ad- 
dfiai to til* PnpiU of tb« Maacb««1er Id- 

He died at SUoebeeter on 5 Dec 1@35. 
Bv hu. wife liaincc Soplua, daiigfa(«r af 
\V'*iUiam d«ddQa ofEoeles, near Mancheater, 
whom he married in ISH^ he had a Mtn and 
a dangfat«r. Uis iwo. Arundel lUimnt 
WbattoQ (bora on 33 Sept. Its::;?, ilie.) at 
MiddtoMT Hoapitalon 18 Mar l862>,brc«tnD 

* oletOTBaan, and publishMl in IK)9 a * M»- 
mcir of tfae I.ifi.* and Labours of the Rer. , 
Jcivtoijih ilorrm' ^ifDiimlil. 18*5; »M lloR- 

' imcKa, JKKEXlkll). I 

[Cent. Ma^ 1915 i. SOS. 1S3« iL Ml ; emn- I 
raaaieaUaoB from Mr. Edvaid Trimmer. ■aer»> I 
tarj liO the Ro^al 0»llnr« of SorgWHia, mad ' 
Ur. K. Harriaott, awisunc Mcnurv of th* 
Roj«l Sodely-l C.' W, 8. [ 

WHEABS. UEOOlt Y ( l!i:»< 1617), pro- [ 
CtMOrof history at Usford t'uivenitT, was 
bom at lUe maniiuu •>( Ik-rry Cuun, lacob- ' 
etonr, about vi^ht luilnt *K)utli (»f Stntton ' 
in North Cornwall, lie matriculated from 
UrowlffOM Hall, Oxford, on « JuIt 1o9CJ, 
as aoa of a commnnor, ^railuated B.A. { 
on JS Feb. 1096-7. and prciceeded M.A. OD ' 
l(i June IQOO. The dat« of his mfttricnLn- , 
lion was identical with ihat of aoothur 
Corniihman, rrancis Roiia 'q. v.], his firm I 
friejid throui^h lifv, and lie \rix tulor at ' 
BroadgaUM Hall to Johnl'voi fiualnrulBlm) 
18 Hay IfiSd), wboae molui^r Iiad married, 
as hvT second bnxband, SirAiilJiony Rous, 
father of Francis Rous. 

Wheure was admitted on 7 July 100^ a» 
Oomtsh fellow of Ex>-t>:-r C'lilloigO', and be- 
came full fellow on 7 July ItKKI, r«signiDg> 
hi- ffllowfthip on Wi April IGOM. In that 
year he wont Hhroeda^lmiulliug companion 
to Orvy Brydn**' '^*^''' ''*"' I'luituioa [q, t.), 
on whose return to England "WTmare con- 
linueil to livi- with liiin. ti«> was then oer- 
mitted to orrupv lud^iiifcii with his wife in 
Uloucoster iJaU, O-vford, where he wa» ad* 
milted into close friendship -vritb Thomaa 



AOen 0^9-IIS33) (q. v.J, the oathprna- 

ttCtttl. 

Throofth thi* influuoce of AIl«n „ 
Ckmdcn. th«^ founder of thi- rhair, Wht 
was appoinlvd on 10 Oct. IK^-J the 
professor of modem history at Oxford. « 
ne became principal of (!l'ou(»!«lef Hall , 
4 April l6'Jt>. Both of th«'«iA uueitionc 
retainvd for life. He mixed tliai baltj 
an nniireofilriitJ'd pitch of proeueritT. \Vb 
wa» oedibly informed tbat m Mht 
linw it omloined *an hundt^>d stv 
and eonu* br'in^ tXTsona of qunlitif, 10 - 
\'2 yne-nt in iheir doubl*il8 iif cloth of •i!rrt 
and gold ■( /.i/f anJ Tiuf', ii, 'J&^'i. 
cbawlwas finishi^d, tU> hall rrpain^. 
booca and plate w«n; aoqtiireti, bitc 
books, 'tbouifh kept in a iar^t preu. 
b^n thieved away.* 

Wlieatv died at OxfoH on 1 \\uji:. U 

niid was burii-d under iht eagltf in Exe 

Collvgu Chapel on .1 Aiij;,, a Ui^ snic- 
»Ion» marking; the place of burial. lie M 
a widow and aevtiral chUdn-.n, who mn 
nnluced lo poTeHy. I-'uur of biA mw haii 
been aducatM at Oxford; (Ttiarles wa^ 
unKuoc«e*fal candidate on his faihrr'o il*c_ 
for the profeMorship of mo>Jem bi/"«. 
Anthony Wood »y8 tlini \Vhc«e *wm 
eaiocmcd by some a K>arned and geaiit) 
man, and by ollwra a Calvtiii»t.' 

The (rroal work of Whear« wn/» 
diaaertatiun ' l>e liatinnL* et MvtL 

iKndj iiittoniiE,' which was delii 

Oxford on 12 July 163S, and printed witli « 
dedieauoa to Camden in (hut v>«t. TIm 
third edition, witii tto altrn.'d lule-pa^ U 
'Kelectioaes bri^malM de ICationf t^ V 
thodo Icfppndi nisinriaj,' came out in It 
Tbe fmirth edition, with an appendix , 
Rev. \ichola« HofM'uian, wa« puhlislMtl 
Oxford in lOHi, and it wkk t«u«u ' " 
that and orhcr additiuns. ai Camt 
1681. An Eneliiih tratwlBtion by ._ 
Rohnn putwd ihruush scx-t^ral edit'ional 

1098, aitd 1710). Thi» ireatite wa* p, 

by ilumpbrvy I'rideaux in lB7it, and wa* il 

uMr a.* a r«si-b(«lt at Cambridge iitilil (la 

bvtfinnioR of ih« eighteenth 

volumt; ofaccessioiiB to it was . -, 

J. C. Xeii and published at '1 mj::i«n a 

1704. 

Verac* by Wheare woi« printed is h» 
friend CUiirlv!* I-ltzgefferyV puem .in'Sr 
Franciti Drake,' and in four seta of rem tf« 
the univttrairv of Oxford (/ri'A/. CormtAi. 
WJo). HvnuWishp.1 at Oxford in 
upiiiin^ address in tin; chair of m< 

torr, and a volume eulilled 'Cia, 

aignia,' i-onfaining a record of Camdet^ ' 
and death. This record, u well as bui' 




Wheatley 



Cftti<» at Cftindena btut, 1'.* Xov. I62H, u)d 
« sbMrorhUown liMtere, were iaclutled in 
tiU'I>e>(IicntiotmAfnsUCamdeniBiue'(]6S!6), , 
and hifi 'Tietu ergu H«a«riLCtores' (16!j6). 
TTiK lptU»r» iitcludi-d ifc>T.?ral to Lord I'l-jn- , 
bn>ke,SirB<iiijaniiaKu<lyanl.CiundQti, .lolm i 
l*}"!!!, Franc M Roiia, and WilliiunXov. Thci 
Dine letters to CuDden were included in ihe 
Tolume of letters to nnd from tiiat Kntiainnrv i 
(IHWI): ilie orieinnU of &v» an in Cot- | 
toninn MSS. Juliui C. v. British Museum. ' 
Jli<)bookf«nnd collection of m&nuscriptscame 
to Fruicie U'.>u». Thu lUBiiiucript; of Uis ' 
Lectures on tbe Punic war of Lucius Fiorua 
is At tlin Rndlcian Library, uiid iiL* book I 
on (lloui-fxt-T Hall (1630) ta nt Worceatw I 
CoUetTP, Oxford. 

A Lnrin prnyur-book fonat^rly in aan at 
AVorcesterCollVp* may liavp be>>n eom|KW<ed 

'w Wbesre (A'vtft and Quenes, ^rd ser. iii. 
491). 

[Wood'a AttietiW, »d. Bli«», fol. i. p. IxJivi, ii. 
347. 448. iii. ID), 210 20, ir. til, 617, Hud 
Fwli. i. 272. 284, riJiS, ii. 78 ; Wood's Osfnrd 
Oollqt«.(J788).pp. 12Q. «3a, 638; Wood. O a- 
ftwd Unit. (17MJ, ii. pt. i. pp. 35». .11 J. 876-80 i 
TnTttlrin BiLpcrs (Cumdcn P«r.). iii. 77; Pri- 
dntni's ]j«ltcr» ((.'.iiudGnSoc), p. 63: Uooaaittid 

i Courtnay's HiM. Comiil.. ii, 884-0 : Boaso's Ex. 

' Cdl. F«ri>jW)t (Oxforl Uiat. 8oc. 1 894), pp. 90-1 ; 

'FoabKa Alumni Oxno.: Stlarleuno's Pambraka 

IColL pp. 123 4^ Clark'i Oxford Collegia, pp. 
«l-*.] W.P.C. 

WHEATI.EY, BKNJAMIX ROBERT 

<'181&-I»S1 1, hihlioffmphrr, bora on 293e|rt, 
JSlil, waa tlie eldest aon of IVl^amin 
■Wbealli'v.a wrll-lininvnauctionperin Picca- 
dilly, lie wan educated at KinR's Colli'ci* 
school, TiOndon,and on lt>ATintr, when bnrely 
jierenteeu year* of a^i', lio cutalop^ued for 
hii fatbcr the twelfl b part of the great Hi'ber 
libmry, wbich nppuan-d in 1841. 

Fdmh that timv lii^ dt^vol.'^il bimwlfto tito 
compittition of cutalocuoa and index>>:s his 
TiporK bt'iHg rviniirlinhle not oiilv for its 
amounl, but for it8 hif^ti <]ua.Ury and for the 
jiid^fmi-inl *It(iwn bv him in claMiflcalion 
and arranfceniont. tli altered and adapted 
-wbat is KTiom-n aa tb« Fmudi 8y»tom of 
classification, to suit the character of the 
library with which he was Jeatin(f. He baa 
•.■xplained his priucipW in ti pnpi-r notltlpd 
• lJeBull<iry Itiuupbtd on tbeArrariAenwntof 
a private Library.' wbii-li sppeareJ lu 1876 
in the 'Library Journal 'fill- 21 1 "16). 

In 1843 bt* cnlnloKued a portion of rhe 
librury of the .\t)n>nfi-um Club, under the 
aupvnrision of C. J, Slewart, iIijj booki^ller. 
In 1(*4-1 h^ catalo^u-d the library of Charles 
Shaw-Lefeyre (afterwurd* Viscount Evors- 
]ey) ftt Ileckfield in llaiupahirv, and in 

TOI. LX. 



\i^t tho remains of the library at Itafod In 
(.'ardt|n]])hin» collected by ThoBiiw Jobnes 
[n, v.] la tho R«m*» year he calalof(ued ihe 
lioiary uf Ihe Ooolo^ival Sociely, and in 
1846 tliat nf Charted Kichard Fox fq. t.] 
in Addison Eluad, Kcnoin^a, and that 
coIlect<>d bv JoliJi Bvrom [ij. r.] nl Keraidl 
(*«11. Manchester. The Inst cuuiln^o waa 
printed in lK4H. iKirini; his stay at Maa- 
chester he madu the aniuaintanre of JsniM 
Croaaley iq. v.] and of other literary mea 
reaidini^ in lht> neig'hbourhood. Between 
1H17 and 18.JU he cutnloKued (h« librarien 
of John Archer TToublon nt TTallin^bury 
Place in Vltivx, of Ibn Alfrtd Club, of thu 
Maniuia of LauMlowm^ at Itowwid in Will- 
shire, and in Latu^dowiM floii>e, Berkeley 
Square, of ihi- Koval Collfjft; of PhyMeiuin, 
nt Anftustiis OoBtlio}; at mUtton, of Lord 
BoltoD at liackwood Pork, audof the Army 
and Navy Clnb. 

In l^-W and ll*5I Whi»tley wa« eDg«||red 
in coraniliufi;' on index <if .subject* to supple- 
muni tilt catalog:ue of authors nt the .ilUe- 
uieiiin Library. It waa printed in 1H5L 
Tliift work has sorved a» a modvl fur s^voriil 
Hubwvnucul indexea. In \V&i he catalogued 
the lioraries of the TniTcllent' and ihu Ox- 
ford and Cambridtc <duba, and iu 18r>.1 that 
of the I'niled Serrice Club and the Dugnld 
Stewart collection, bt-qnoathi^d to tli» cUih 
by kis «on, Oolnnel Matthew St«>wart. 

In tho subMKju<>nt yi>Br8 hi* catalogued 
the libraries of Lady Charlotte Gueet at 
Cmiford Manor in l>or»i?t, of tlw privr 
council office, of I»rd Lilford, of Dr. Ed- 
word Moore, of the Junior I'nited Scrrico 
Clnb, and of thu Karl of l{omney. lie 
oiiio catatoifued, jointly with his friend 
Thomas Boone, thi* library of Lord Vemou. 
In I8rt4 hf made an index to thetirat flt'teeti 
volumes of the StatiBtical Society's ' Journal ' 
(I/indon, 1864, 8»o), and h* continued to 
make the indexes of the annual rolumea to 
Ihe close of his life. 

In lB-')fl WTjeatley wasanpninti'd mident 
librarian of the Itoyal ^ledical and Cbi- 
rurgrcal Society, for whom hu had worked 
oa I'ttiLy 08 I8J1 ; and from that timu bu 
ceaaed to make library catalogues, with the 
exception of one with bibliographical nut^-is 
which he aubaequetttly prepannl for th» 
Koyal College or Phyaidons. In 1657 he 
completed an index to Tix)kf's ' History of 
Price*,' He madfi two printed cataloguca 
of the Medical and CIitrurKical Society'a 
library iu \f^'i*i and ISHU, and two indexM 
of subjticta in 1800 and 1879 ; the edition of 
IH7!:) u a uaeful j{uide to medical literature. 
He also found time to makua maDuaciipb 
cntaloipii} of tbo collection of eogMVud por> 



I 



icatley 



434 



leatley 



tntits of medical niPii in ttti* pussBSstun of 
tbe socif'tT, with ii|w>rt bioijnipliti.'w of iiinv 
hiindret) n( tlip fK>r»ona ]>ortniv<^l. 

NVLvattev wiis onv of toe Qrf;iinistn(r 
coDntnitti^'* of t)ip iv^nfirence of litirarian.i, 
and served on iho drat council. He occo- 
woMllyoctediwviw-pn'jiidcntoftJioI/iljnirr 
AMOcintiuiL ili.f diiMl in Loudon unmarriod 
an 9 Jun. 1884 at 63 Benierv Htn-cr, thv 
pnimt^irs of iIh- Mi^diral and CLiirurippal 
tjoetet}-. 

Beados thosL* Hpccifii-d, WIiomIct'b piiLli- 
Cfctionsnn*: l.'(lein>r»l Indvx totltc Tnin»- 
iU!tion)> of the PiitlioloRiciil Society, vnl§. 
xvi-xxv.,' Liindoii, IJTf*, Hvo. 'J. '(iammnil 
ItMj<>x to rlifi first twpl7i> voUitnea of the 
TwnsactioiiH "f tliK Clinical Society gf l^on- 
don,' Iiondrin, IKSO, Sto. H« W.v\ ofvntn- 
buted itnicloe «n bibliograpliiral &ubjectK lo 
thr> 'Tronsuetionit tnd I'roctfwlinp* of ttii' 
Oonft-rpnce of LihrarianV thv 'Monthly 
Notes of the Library Association of the 
United Kinf^om,' tlir ' Bibliof^pher,* and 
tlio ' Lit)mry Joiimtl.' Wliealli-v wtis n 
poet fts TFell M a bibliographer, ami printed 
K-vonl of his mn'iii)) priviilclv, iucluditig 
' ItiKi« of Toeay; London, IHSB, 12mo. 

[H. B. WliBall*j-'» Bib'.iograpiiical \oIm OH 
ibeLiti- of the Utn Bonjnniiti R. WbKit1«>-, 1884, 
reprinted from the Bib)iDf»pber, March 189< ; 
Academy. IS84. i. 44; Arheiueum, 1844. t. 88; 
Medical Times, 1894. i. 7^.] E. L C. 

WHEATLET, Mw. CLARA MARIA 

(rf. ltUH>, i^inler. [.See PopB.j 

WHEATLEY. FK^VNCIS (]74r-lfiOn. 
punter, bom in 1747 in Wild Court. Covent 
Giirditn. wuN^nnof ftmai>l<>i^lai1or. IlflpaHy 
diirplayed » talent for art, and atudieil nt 
"William ShipliVm drawnff-whool, and from 
17lff in thf achoids of the Hoynl Academy. 
I) is pro^FHswas markMl by the receipt of 
KTcral premiums from tbv i5oci<-ty of .Vris. 
In hi* youi^'F days be was sMOciatM iniicli 
with John Hamilton Mortimer [q.T.1. whaso 
worlu ti» frcqiti-iit Iv ropiifil, nnu whom he 
sasisted in decorative paintings at !FIrocki>t 
Hall and eK<-wben?. lie was abo employed 
OtithfidecoTAlinnit at Vaitxhall. As early [ 
u 1766, in his eigfatet^ntli year, he app<iu« I 
ftS an exhibitor with the Inoorporsted 
Sooiety of Artists, sending a »mall ]iiirtriiit. 
He was a din-dor of thiit society iii 1772, ! 
and contributed email porirait^ and land- i 
icapcoi. \Mit-;itl«-y was & man of elef^nt ' 
httbita tiud agreeable trompany, who formed 
many aetiuaiatanceA in tlit-nlriiutl nrd polite ' 
society. This led him inin extravikgant I 
habita and plang>Hl him into d'lbt, llavinn I 
had an iotnguo with the wife of a populai i 
artUt, John Alexander Greoae [4, v.^, b4i j 



ralSir , 
ii'l9| 

ilitin^ 



A«d^ 

m 



i.'lop-.'d with her toPublin. Thero W 
rf-iid4-d for a fuw wars, and 'was 
palrotiieed by the lt«dtrs of fa<tbion. 
|Mini(i) nimn of h'u most imporlHnt pict 
m I>iib]in, nueh no 'The Inti^rior of the I 
llon«e of Commons.' with (irattan nddi 
inp the bout*' ; ' The ColU-ctin)f of the Ifiilt 
Voluiireerfe in College-<in.'eu. I77y,' eon- 
t«inin>c numerous poflraiLd, and ' iteviear of 
Troops itt thb riiwnix I'ark. by GL-neialSir 
John Irwin, K.U,' (painted in 17ti|, 
i^vtiibited at the Society of Artiola in 
don in I7&^) ; bath tbi- lattt^ pielnrva 
the Xotionai Gallery at Dublin. ^Vfaeat: 
Miiuill iwrtmilA, ■■vjH'cioliy those of m 
officers, are bright and pleia.<«ing in eotonr. 
ThroHgli thf discoverv of the irreguIafitT ta 
his dome^ie lifi-, ^Vbt-atley was forced lo 
leave I 'ublin and return to London, what 
he reaumcd his place as a painter of atnall 

fnpulur portrait^ landMapes. and Kent* 
rom daily or peasant life, lie aet hiiasair 
diiliberately to imitate the French painter, 
UreuEv. His workc show no stnni^h. 
though they are neatly and prettily finir^d, 
with much tas(v and senliineot in ibed ~ 
ing. They Iftnt themin^lve*, Iwiwen^r, 
markably well to the elegant and iuigaiy 
atylfi of ittipnlvH>n^ raving then in voijue, 
and many of hiit worln, tbuii tfanslated, 
especially if printed in colours, such as 
'llic Cries of London,' are IiighlT valued 
by amateurs nt the prwent day. \\'hettley 
first exhibited at the Hoyal' Arademy in 
1778, and after hie return fntm ln>Iaad 
beeaine a regular exhibitor there from l7Ht 
to tile year of hii< death. He wr« elected on 
fuutucinlt' in 1790, and a Royal Ac»demiciaii 
in tbe following year. Throt^out hla 
life Wheatler was afllicledwithguul, due U 
the irregidaritteii of hia life, which at laii 
obtained such a mastery over kim that be 
was compelled to become a penfiioncr of l!» 
Royal Academy. IK' was employed to 
paint pictures for Iltiydeir» * Sliakevpanv 
Gallery,' Macklin't! 'Poet«* fiollery,' ud 
Row)'er'» ' Historical (lallorv,* One of Lit 
best pictures, *Thf 4';ordon 1{iot* in I7W 
WKH hnidy enp'oTt-d by James IT ! ■"" 
18.tl) [q.T.", hut was accidenttii 
by fin- in his hou^. His pi-i - 
often inserted in landticapv witli , ii). 
effect.andoneof 'TheS«c*)nd Du«- t.r.Nr 
castle and a 8hor)tinf; Party' k'tunml 
much repute. Whcatley suhseqTH'nt !y 
ried Clara Maria Leieti', by whom be 
Beveral children [we Popb,' Ciuiu Mxtxi^ 
Mrs, W'hfAtley wbji a liHiid«ome womu, 
whose portrait was inTroduc*^>d by hi* lot- 
hand into sonif "f hi? scenes troat rudltcw 
daily Ufei. Wlienlley died on -Jt* June 1801. 



Wheat ley 



435 



Wheatstone 



A portnut of Wlieniley, drawn by George 
Uftiio« ih* TOiiRK^r [q. T.], i) in tue library 
of the Roynl Acndr'tnir. 

[RodsrraveV Diet, of Ani«ts ; Eilw»rde'> Anec- 
dotM Di ArtisLB : 8«iKlby> llisr. of tb* RaTitl 
ArKlBHiy ; QeuL Miur. !BOl, ii. Tdfl, M7; O»t."of 
th<i Ho>-al Acatlemy , S'jcwiy of ArtiiU, uid 
Kalinii&l QnUery of IkIu&O.I i*. C, 

WHEATLET, WILLIAM 0F(jH3ir»), 
divine anO author. [Se« William.] 

WHEATLY, CHAIILKS (1«8«-1742), 
divine, bor[i on Veh. \6S&-6, was the floo 
of Jolui Whttittly, II ImdaeniBn of I^ntiJon. 
Hii mother, whixse mniil'ii namo wasVVhiii?, 
WM a. dnMX-ttilnnt of KatpL H'tiiu-, brollitr 
of Sir ThomAR Whir*- [q. v.], iDund^r of Si, 
Jotn's College, Oxford, t'lmrli's woeantfrfd 
ftt Mfrchant Ta>*lor»' school rni !) Jan. 
109t^9, and ntatricuklvil from Kt. John's 
Oolktftt, Oxford, on '2H Mareb 1705. lie 
wu elected u fullow in 1707, and grR<lii«t«d 
JUL. on ys Jan. 1709-10. and SLA. on 
38 Marub 1713, resignins hia fvllowKlup 
in the same yw. On :J-t May 1717 li« was 
cluMan iBCtureraff^c. \fil(lrcd-tn-t1ie-l'oiilrrv, 
and in 172fi U-cturer of St, Swithin, l^nduri- 
atone. Onat.MnTvh ]ra)-6h«wa»iu»iitur*^i 
vicar of Brent Pelhiim, and on 1 April I72B 
vicar of Furneaux Pfclhom in. llpril^irdgliir*. 
He died at Fumpniix l**'Iham on US Mny 
174'2, and waa buried in ih'- (larisb chur'-h. 
He was tvricL' married: fir>1.. tut Irt Aug, 
1713, to Marin {//. 10 JX-i;. ITJl). dftunltter 
of William Findiill nf ilir rinrendon Pre«; 
MOondly, to Mary-dauulitfT of Puniol Fc^, 
rector of All IlailowitSiuiniiig:. liii tocond 
wife Hurvivvd him. 

miiaitly vnvt itn induatrious diviuti. The 
work br which hi^ ijt chieHy remenib.-ifril i» 
'Thii Cliiirch of England Muq'h Companion, 
oraRationrkl riiietrationofllnsHiirmony . . . 
end rw'futne*.- of the Boulc of ('onimon 
PrftTPr,' which first am>i'nn-d in 171r) (dx- 
ford,8vo), and wtnt toroush many cditiona, 
^8 1at4\s1 being tlul |>abli^«xl at C'ambridiiu 
uitdpr tli>.' faiv of O^org.' Elwea Corrie in 
IftiW. Wli«atiy was also th« author of: 
I. 'Bidding of'Prayprs before Sermon uo 
mark of lYimff^tiou to the ptusent Qovera- 
mi!nt,' t^ondon, 17J8, J^vo; new wdit. Ixin- 
doii_. IfiW, 8vo, 2. ' Tb« Nioene and Alha- 
naainii CnN^ls . . . explaiuitd and confirmed 
by the Holy Scripturee,* London, 1738, 8vo. 
3. ' Fifty d«niiona on S-vt-ral dubj&clfl. uid 
Oocaaioiu,'ed. John Bertiman, London. 17&S, 

avo. 

[Hobiiiaoii'a R<^flt<jr of aineltant Tayiora" 
School. 1863, i. 343; Ftwler'a Alujuu Oxen. 
lJWO-1 714 : Qmt, Xsg. 1742 p. SAl, ]801 i.l09- 






1 1 1 i Huitoa's S\-a. of St. John fiaptitt ColU^ 
1898. pp. 306. :;39 ; autt«rl>acli'(i tiint. uf Hnt* 

foivl«liir.., 1S2:, iti. 4*9. 455.4^7.1 H. 1. C. 

Wl£EATaTONK.HiRCIIAItLlCS(l80S- 

I67f>), man of acienrc and invpntor. Mm of 
W. \Vliv(it«t<;uv,a muviL'-eeUurufOIvuceeiter, 
wAb br>mat fijouceaterin February lH02,and 
uIiicatL'd in a pri^'ste acliool tberv. At the 
age of t-ari-nty-uni- he commenced biisinoas 
in LunduD as a musical instrument mAker. 
A r<rw months nflwr hi* rontributwl a paper 
to Thomann'rt ' Annalaof I'hiloiiophy ' on ait 
early experiments on sound. Other papers 
followed, and among thoni wim a doAcnption 
of hia ' kaloidopboDt;.' This oonaialed of Kteol 
win- of rectangular crosc-aection fixed to a 
heavy base and carrying a silver buad at the 
top. The times of vibration of thn brad in 
I wo directions nt right angi wi hsingregnlabd 
by thi^ purticulitr rt'CtniiguUr >ii-ction of the 
wire, the bead could bp made to divcribe 
v«ry beautiful ciirxra illiislrnting tb« com- 
bination nf harmonic motions of dilTereiib. 
periods. Ilis principal contribution lo aooi 
tic* lA a memoir on the «o-rullcd Clilodni'i 
figures, producod by streMnng sand on an 
eln<tic plADe' and throwing it mio vibratioa 
by meanMofa violin bow. This memoir was 
pi«aent«d to (he Itoyol .Soctiity in IH:13, aud 
nubsoquently publiflbvd in tnetr 'Traoaao- 
tinua, Hv ahownd tluit in itnuarv and recU 
angular plalea every figure, liowever 
plicaU<d, was the resultant of two or mat 
aiHa of isochninou^ paralLi'! vibrniionii; 
by mBans of simple geometrical rolatioaa 
carried out the principle <>f tbo 'superpost-' 
tinn of Rraall molionH* witlinul tbe aid of 
any profound mathematical analyaia, and 
suooeeded ia predicting the currce that given 
modes of vibrntton ohoiild produce. 

To the AubJM'ts of light and optica AMteatal 
Ktone made suverol important contributiona.,1 
The conception of the atereoacope, by which] 
the appearance of solidity is obtained through 
the mental combination of two pictures, in 
diasimUar perspect ive* is entirely due to 
WbeststoDH. In 1835 he read a paper on 
the 'Priffiiaiic Analysis of Electric Light' 
before the Itriti«h Association meeting at 
Dnblin. Ko dt-monstruted lYne fact that the 
epeotrum of the eloctrtc siurk from diiioront 
metals presented more or less numerous raya 
of definite refrangihility, i>roiliiciiig a »erioa of 
line* differing in position aud colour from 
each other, and that thujt the presence of a 
very minute portion of any given metal 
might be determined. • We have here,' he 
said, *a mode of discriminating metallic 
bodies more readily than by chemical ex- 
amination, and which may hereafter bn em- 
ployed for useful purposes.' Tint remark ia 

1*1. 




Wheatstone 



very tjrpical of lii* farvrrftlil'^lnr'^M inio the 

fnctiral iitiUt^nf any kDowaMientificfiict. 
lis 'i>olar clo>:)c ' vu» iinutht-r iuftiiKM) of 
titlft irnil of h'w ^niiis. Whnn Brewdtftr 
tlUcov4Kd tliat the plane of polarieation of 
the li(;ht from the OKr u kIwajs 9(f from 
the 8UD| W'beaUCone devised a clock by 
wbicb it wfts poMibk- to tell the bour of ttie 
day hy tliti li^ttt from ttiu aky though tbe sun 
uijibL be iuvisiblf. 

It iraii 1>v thin «kill Iii turning kiiuvrlcdg^u 
bo pnu.-1 icitl account thai WliKaUtuiitf gnvr 
Ut Vie electric l«ieerapli the rbaracter which 
it DOW poAseMM. riioiiKh his mviitiiiiiH in 
Other branohea of acien<» areoA nnroemmafi 
they are varioua, it is tn connection with tho 
slfctric telegraph that thn nAmft of WhiuV 
BtoDC will alwavs bvo, IIu n-as not the 
* inventor ' of thi^ olt-ctric twlogniph. Indci-d 
no one c«n lay claim (o thai title. .St«phi.^n 
Oray [q.r.j in 17^7 suspended a wire seven 
hdndna fiwt lone on »ilk thrcodR. and on 
amlyioK ao excited glaw t ub*' tooiie vnd elvc- 
Irtficfttion vaa obaerr^d at the other, but he 
did not Mud umuagvo. AdviuicL'^ wenj unule 
from that time by tntny wen of Kciencv, wbo 
saw mor« or leaa clearly the |fF«st poasiblUt iee 
before them. (Imittinc llni pinnnT rlaiinM tif 
Lomond, Hiimmerin^, and othirii of tht- la^t 
cvntiiry, tliti namea connected wii)i early d«- 
velopmcnr of the prncUcitl tnU-piijilt an? 
Froment in France. Qaui)ji,Weber,aDd Stein- 
boil in CjTL'rmnny, Sir Francis ftonalda fq. v.] 
ftud Edward Davy [q. vJ] in Kn((1und, Mor&u 
and Vail in ,-Vmerica. Tint to \viir*istuni-, 
with Ilia coadjulur (Sir) WUliiuii Fother- 
sill Cooke [q. v.], U clue tti« merit of hnvi ng 
been tJie first to render it nvailable for the 
public transmiBsion ol' unnMingMi. In 18'M, 
shortly aft^'r Miig apnoint«d pMfe*«)r of ex- 
periment nl phy aicn at Kind's (..'ollt^ge, London, 
\V1ieat«tonu b^^n expcnmi-nting on rate of 
transEnittion of electricity along wiroa. For 
thii purpose about half a mile of copper wire 
was iniiulated by suspension in the vaults 
uuder lb« collngif, and tlirmt iiilurruptioiiK nf 
thia circuit wore made by three pair&of hrawi 
kuohit witli a jtmnLI interval between theta. 
One of ihesp intflmiption* waa in the middle 
poiut ijf the conductor, and the oth«r two 
n^-a^ t.hi> endd. A I^yden j«r wa» d!»char(ft>d 
throiiKb the i^'tre, and the interval of time 
betwi-cii Ih*- ttffl?nrr«inc»' of the t.pttrk» at the 
endd and the occurrence of the apark at I be 
mi'ldlc waa meaxured by notiutc the di*> 
pluceoient of the image of iti» middle spark 
m a mirror revolving at n knuwn ■um^d. It 
wu i;alcii1at{:d from results of thia experi- 
tneut tbaL tlie TpIoii;ity of aii wlwtric dis- 
turbance alone » ''"'* ^»fl about two hundred 
and fifty thouMud ffilles per second, a rebull , 





diffrrintt fmra Ihn true H]wi-d nf »iiehuQdi 
and ei^htv-six thousand mile^ per second i 
wry widvlr.rouiiidciring th« ditiiculti'^ii ofob- 
At^rvaiion in an experiment of this kind. Fr 
this reseuch he passed on to the ii 
sion of nus«agM hy electricity, and, in < 
junction with Cooke, he elaborated the 
nmidlo tt-le^aph, and then the two-nn 
t«lBgnph, tho Gr»t thnt came into ^ui 
uu. Wbeatstone's fa^rttlitv of ncientiHc i 
(■ource led the partnt-ra un to many nevr dev^ 
lopmenlii — the l.-lltfr^.thowing dial telegraph 
in 1^0. the lype-prinling tele^puph in I^ 
and tht* ma)f>ii.'lo-«J»cf'ric dial tnlegraph, 
aubse(]uent exiensinn of the aame to it] 
vmbosuDg, and, lastly, tho automatic ' 
mittiag' and n«ei*inf; instruments by wl 
meosogea are sent with such ffreai rapidlt] 

lie was tbe first to njiprvciali- the 
portanco of reducing to a minimum Uu- 
amount of work to )w done by the current 
at the receiving station by diminishing u 
far as pmcticablc thti mass, and tberefon 
(be inertia, of the moving porta; thif n« 
bauutifully exemplified in that marvel of iu- 
gpiiiiily tbe magTieto-*li?ctric letter-showing 
toU-|[raph, commonly adopted for privsta 
tel<-ipiiphic rttmmiinicaliiin. 

From IB-tr Wheatstone appears to have 
devoted a good deal of limi- to Mtihnuinni' 
t«l4)eniphy. and in IftH expejimrtnt* wyn- 
maul' in Swanma Bay. with the as9i«taii 
of J. D. Llewellyn. Whentalonc alto 
a shuK in the perfvctiug of the mi 
tdfclrie machines which have cnlmit 
in the modem dynamo. In 1837 he dcvi 
a mutlind nf corabininf^ Meveral armature* 
on nnc i^haf^ fut an to gi^nerate currents wl 
were cnnlinuoM>i instend of inl**rmittpnt, i 
ill ISBi" he described to tbe lioyal Socia 
a method of making such macfaini*^ 
exciting as to their magnetism by the uwj 
B shunt circuit ; the um of a main circuitf 
tbe same purpose bad b«cn ddscrihod! ^ 
Werner .'Siemens one month writer, but tfc« 
tniu-lim<> ili-M^Hbml by Wheatstone had been 
eonatnipted for him oy Mr. Stroh in the pie- 
ceding summer. Wln-uLatane wa* also in- 
ventor nf a nyslem of eleetm-magnetic docks 
for indicating time at any number ofdiffemtit 
places united on * circnit. 

Among other accOEapIiBbments ^\'ha>t• 
stone h:id an extraordinary facility ia 
dtn-iptiering liieroglyphica and cipher dc»- 
patcliea. lit! hiinFtetf invented a cryptognjih 
or secret despatch wrilvr. which ia supjKMed 
to be indecipherable. Wh»atAtoQe's m4Soel' 
laneous inventions ara tiMnumennu tOHUB- 
tii^nbervindi'tail. They n-lal«d, among other 
tblngH, Ui eh-ctnc- chronogTBpba, appanlut 
formaklnginstTumentsivcordantomatic " 





Wheeler 



437 



Wheeler 



inatratnent£ fur ueaBunn^ electridty and 
electricEl naMt«nc«-, iticlmlin^ IIih 'rlipostnt.' 
Ic WM he who colled att«Dlioii ti Christy's 
CombiDHtion of witvs, now ommooly kanwii 
ail' Wu-alrtone's bridgv^.'in wliiph nn t-loctric 
bAtsnciDg of tbe currants i§ abttiiiiet), ami 
WOrited out iU Dpplicntiims to olrctrit^Al 
meuununent. He wiu onv of tbu tirsl in 
tUft country to appreciate th^ importaru-e of 
Ohm's eiiopI« Uw of the ri'lution kelwepti 
eJ«Clroiiiotivc fiifce, rt-.tiiitaiifi- uf cnnductor*, 
atid remilting current—tUe liiw which ie tn- 
dav tl>« foundation of ull eVctricAl "ngiat'er- 
ini. 

WTietttetoae was t-Iected n fellow of lhi> 
Ro^ Socii^y in \^'-it\ h obfvnlier of the 
legion of konoiir in !>*!}•% and u forei^ a^- 
■ociolo of the ACttdfmipiLltr«KciL'iL4^(>»m lH7;t. 
On 2 July It«I;t ho wu» crcQlud D.C.L. by 
the university of Uxford, and i» IWU LL.ll. 
ty the uiiivurxiiy of Cntnbridpe. He morp- 
ovar ])oiftM>iu^ juvma tliirfy-fiiur iliBfinctiiino 
ordipluntiiD conferretJ upon him by various 
gOTpniRicfnte, iitiiv<.-nutii>», snil teamed so- 
eietiMi. On ;iO Jar. IfttW he van knifrlutd, 

ThouKh nominallv professor of imlurul 
philn^nphy nt Kinjr'* CoUiRr, Lundon, Lt- 
seldom lectured tiCier IBIU, and iiidtuil wuk 
an indilli-nMiI tenchcr. 11^ mitl'LTrd tlimiiftli 
lite from an almotil morbid timidity in pr<>' 
eence of an aiidieiicf . Ki? dit;d in I'tiris un 
19 Oct. 1875. ondwofl buried in the (^erai^t«r%- 
at Kenml (.frci:.''ii. ]Ii* wba uiarrii.>d, on 
13 Fob. ltM7, to Kmnia, daii^lilpr of J. 
West, and had a fuiuity of fivu children. 
He left hb collecLion of liookn and inrtru- 
invnts by will to King's Colt*'p('. Ijotidon, 
Trh*rD tliiy ant? pn-jicrvM in tlieWlwatnt'inie 
l.uboraiory. A portmil, drriwn in cha1]( by 
Samni^l Ijiur«nce,i«iathQ National I'orlruii 
Gallery-, t,ondon, 

AVhentHionf contributed to numerous 
acieniifip joumnlfl and publicitlions. AIL 
liis published papiTs wurt' colK-ctvd in onu 
volumo and publiabed in 1871) by llio I'by- 
aical Hocitfty of London. 

[Ubitunry FiocJco iu Proiucding? of iho Royal 
Sociuiy of Loiirlun, 1S76, sxir, pp. xvi-xxvii: 
Kdtnrc, 1876. »iii- SOI, App. p. sxni ; Kxtmrt.'" 
frcm the I'ririiie Lviien of ilio Inw r*ir W. F. 
Cook*, 1896: Fable's Uiilory of KWlric TdIa- 
araphjr, 188*; obitunrf noliir, Trli-gniphi'i! 
Journal, U Not. 1875, iil. 252.] S. P. T. 

WHEELER. [SeeaUo Wiiki.ee.) 

WHEELER, DANIEI, (1771 IMO), 
qunkt-r rawnionary, iron of William Wheeltr 
ofljOwerfirnsvennrSlrti-t, London, by iiinrah, 
tin wifv, was born tliere on J7 .Nov. 1771. 
Bia fat1i<>r, a wint^ mereliant, died wb^u 
young Wh«eler wiu about nix. Ho loet hin 



motbiT six yean latur, bviog then at a 
biMirdingM-hool ni l*anioii'A(ir«cii. .\ eitiia* 
lion vaa obtained for him dd board a mcr* 
cliani tihip tradinc to Oporto, but after two 
or thnw Tovage-^ he flntered tli« roya! navy 
KM a midshipman, beini; then under fonrl4^!a, 
lit! WAS soon prmnotod to a Hof^-fihip, but 
abandoned the Hca afti^r nix y>wra, and, having 
squandoTcd all his pay, enlisted as a private 
wiIditT in a r(.'giiHci]i crdiirfd (o Ireland. In 
ft Tt-ar or two hi' wa;* drafted into imi- of 
tho nvw nigimt^ts ntiAvd to i]\iht ibu FrRnch^ 
and natl-'d for Klandi-n lo join ihv British 
army under rommnnd of ihe Diikrt of York. 
Lalvr, obtnining a i-onimi-miou in a reRimc-ni. 
dfiBtinM for lh« Wtot JniiiPa, he. nailtd about 
September 17t^ under Sir Ralph Aber* 
crombv [q. v.l 

In 1790 W hoeler quitted thti aruiy, and 
Btttk-d at Iliind^worth WoodbouoH, near 
SheJHtdd, wilh his vhb^r fi^tw, Barliara, who 
liad oiiLrrieil William Iloyland.a (|Liakvr(»ee 
Annual Monitor, l&Il. p. 100). In tvra 
yfiar* Iii* wb» rt?ceiv«d a* a raembrr of the 
society, and embarked in the seed trade in 
Sbi'iliJ-ld. .Mwiit IHW Iw nrtiTwd to n farm 
in the ronntry, when? hi; hi'gan ro pn>pore 
bimeelf for a future life of ministry. He 
was n-oognist'd a minioror in 1816. 

The emperor Alexander ( of Ku»#ia having 
during a vixit to England visited a Frieiid'a 
farm, and dwiiring n tnanngvr of that per- 
suiwion for his establishment ni Octita, 
M'hecler in 1817 proceeded to t>t. Petene 
burg, saw the «-iar, and ^plained to liim the 
leaning lie had for two veant ft-ll tnwanls 
Itussia ofi a spLcn.- of iiJLsaionar>- labour. He- 
turning Fii Kri[;lnttd, he wound up tiix nffnirs, 
and wiUi implem^nip, ii4^<ls, and cattle, in 
addition to litn wifr, family, and !H*n'iint8— 
in all twnnty pfirsoiis— Ifift, Hull for St. 
Petersburg on Si June ISlti. 

Bifidiw till! t*ir> farm, he woa loon ap- 
pointed to the munagvnieiil of an cslal« be- 
longing to the dowager emprcM, coosisting, 
likti the mhur, cbivtiy of swnnip. Thitf, after 
being thoroughly drained, was dividi-d into 
farme of thirty to a huudn'd acmt ?acbf ■ 
which weri! let topensautsat modcrat.- rrnt 
a {KirCion in each district being kept as » 
modi'l farm. fhor tbrif tlxnu^and acres 
wBrc in rultivafion nmW Whi-elcrV own 
eye. The little miak<*r ineotintf he esta- 
bliehed waa vLiiieii bv William Allwn (1770- 
i^H) [({. v.], Stephen Orellett, and Tbomna 
Shillitoe[q.vJ^, wilb whom Whe^-lerin I«25 
returned to Kngland for thn'u mouths, at 
teudino; Dublin nad l.,imdonv early meetingit^ 
Afti-r iii» rifliim ht« lost itii! good friend 
Ali-JtandtT [. 

About September 1828 Wheeler renaved 





to Sboosharry, on t\» vdffc of a bugv Itog 
wbere III- boFMl in lain for wsier.anci vhftm 
A Timtvr wu alinnat unknown. Ili« whi 
William WM now hi« &Mi«tuil, And in Irt.'^) 
he wae able to vi»it KDKlaud, and bold 
m*^tiiig« ill Yorkahiiv, Durham, l)eTonBbiri;, 
Cornwi-U, Irclami, Kiid the Hcilly I»lc«. 0» 
rvliirning to Shooftliury iu July 182(1 be 
found rhultTK rife in ihu district, but out of 
)iitt tirp litiiittrt'd einjiIov^M nonn UimI. A v«ar 
)at«r ha waa allowt-d W an itnpenal uWc 
to reai^ lus po«t in favour of hu flit. 

To hifl monthly nifwling at Doncaatep on 
as Sept. IFI32 be unfolded hi« niwion of 
roapvl v]*\u to the Pacific lAlandil, NftW 
South Walee, and \ia Dicin«n's Land (uow 
Taamania). W)iil<- makinir bi« prcpamtiona 
^VbivlurVwifti (who bad rt:iiiain«id in Kuasia) 
died. Accottipnnicd bj his son Charlea he 
sot sail from tti« Tbnmftfl on Mi Nov. 1833 in 
th" lienry Knt'liuR. a cuUvr of I'll tona, 
purchawd and proi-isioncd by privalv mem- 
Iwre of lb>< ii^M^iotv of Fritiude. Tbv abip 
arrived off Ilobarr Towa on 10 Kept, ISM, 
and li-fl in Ik^ciimber. conT^ioK Jaoiea 
llliu^khouiw and (iwit^e Wnshingtoii Wnlknr 
[q. r,] to Port Jackson and Norfolk laUnd 
on InT way to Tahiti. Durinir fonrorfirp 
monlliH itpf.Ql. in that island W'kiM>1cr liald 
many i^rvictvi, ocnwtime* on board hia »bip, 
with the qiiei^Ti ami ib« ehi<>fi<, tb*' miMion- 
viec, EnglUh renid^oU, and the cn-w» of 
veaaela in the harbour, (^umii l\tman re- 
mittcid ibt; Hcury FriM.'Iiujr's port duw bc- 
cnusi- \S*hf><^ler*i" was ' a visit of love, and 
not ft trading voyage' (Memoira, p. 361). 
Shii uf{Tiin cjimi* to hi» mwlinpi on th» 
inland of Eimco. 

ChnstmH* day 18.'!5 wuspent in theSand- 
-wicb Nlandi, and tho first qtiak«»' mocting 
held thire, ntt<*nded by native chiefi, go- 
T&mor, and the i^not^n. .Vt Honolulu the 
Hfiirv Fn-cliiiK siayrd «om«i liiu'^, nlao at 
I{aratouffa,th»--FrieudlT r*lBndii,nnd Tonga- 
taboo. i?liu mtido thi.' ^ny of Isbinda about 
a inorilL bcfon- nhmiiDJui 1836, and on 
reat^hini; Sydney in Janiiarr 1837 waa sold 
arid I hi* »liip'it company 'li»cliiir((cd. Tbe 
ship's coiinw was entirely without pn>- 
arranK«'i[irnl, and directMl from day to day 
by \Vh*>e!pr'a Hpirtlnnl iniimatii^na. In a 
U'tt'T to (I friend he illiisirales hia sense of 
dii-inft pmtpclion hj .-myinc that hi- baabffcn 
aflhained even iu landing; in cuuoes tlirougli 
thp bmktm ^urf to use n life-twtt wbich a 
friend had givvn liim on k-arin^. 

After leaving? Ilobart Town, be ivincbed 
Load un on 1 May 1838. On ratiiminfr bis 
certiiiraleji to hin 'iiiarttrly m?>ptinH( Whewlw 
laid bufom them kin wish to visit Anwrrica. 
Firtt viaitinf; his gurviriDg ebildren at Skoos- 



1 



ban>', ha retumi^I tbroo^h Finland ao4 
Stockholm, and aail&d from Lirerpool in 
Norember l!i3H. 

In America ho altendefl a nnnthor nf 
yearly meet ings, viailvd the place where M 
l>yi-r and Ihc otbvr i|uaken were i-l< 
Newfoutidlaod, Nova Scotia, and »t 
to t^i^tand m llcloU-r IKm, baatenedby 
illncBB of bia ran t:faarlt:«. who dinl at 
(jttrmaina on bin wny iKUUth in the » 
of the follnw-ing year. Wheekr aail 
\ew York tocrmpl^Lr hia miMton in 
but WBfl taken ill at wa, end died aoon after 
lamlinp, on llJJunelMO. Hewaabnnedon 
the 16th in the Fhonda' bnrial-frronnd, ffr- 
chard Street, New Vork. Ud ISJunclHO 
hi; marriM Jane, daughter of Thomas 
Rachel Jlrady of Tbonie, Yorkslur«. 
h0r he had four sons: William (d. 24 N< 
1836k, Joahita [d. id March 1^0, l>a: 
(d. lti)8), and fhailei I d. l\ ]-"fb. J&M». lUi 
elder daughter, Sarah (i. IM)7), who alW- 
warda tnarriL-d XSiltiani Taunor of Bnatol, 
aurriveil him. Of hin yotiu|te«r daushiar, 
Jane (died at Sbooalian; on I5 July \i 
a akort arcount waa publjalied in 
and Bristol in \^l. 

Whwder'i' 'l^ltera and .loiirnals,' edi 
by btR iw)n Charles, were pub)i.iht^l in 
pans, ls.*W. IH-'Hl, I**38, and IWW. Svo, and 
poprintt'd in om- volume, London, 1839, Wvo. 
'Memoirs of tbv Ufe and Goepel Labours of 
Daniel Wbeelur' \tiu iMui-d by hi* M<n 
Daniel (I^ndou, 1842, 8vo; reprintexlin ib-^ 
' Friends' l.ihn«rv,' IMS, vol. %'ii. ; abridirH^. 
Londun, 166^, iSan, and Twiasued. HiiU- 
delpbia, 1859, l:!iiio). It eontaina rr^nv 
lettepH and addres^ev written bv him. A 
bioKmphieal tract, issued bv llie Friend^ 
Tract Aaaoeiaiton, waatnuulated into (!< 
mau,'Denkwurdi2kvitraaiudomI>>bfD,'J 
(London, ISl.'j, 12nio ; ;»nd edit. iBolj. 
pamphlet * Life ' was issued in 1808. 

[Memiim, Ii^ttera, nnd JniimnU; Sniti 
Cutalui^e. ii. ttTO ; Momtniaof Williiina Ta 
pp. lfiO-73 ; Lift) ot William .Allrn, to], i. < 
SI. ; BioRT. CW. of Friend., p. TOl.J C. P, 3.1 

■W-HEELER,KiRHr(':nMA.SSY(17S 
lyr^T), mnjor-Keneral in the Indian anny 
G^nind.'irin of Frank Wheeli^r of llnllywir*-.! 
Limenck, and bon of Captain IIu>fh\Vbi«l« 
of the Kasl India Company's borviee, by. Vsr- 
ifKrvl, eldi-M dnugliter of Hugh, liist hv^ 
Niassy in the Iriahpeerafte.wad born alllally- 
wire on SO June 1(80. Ho was educated ai 
Itichinond, Surrey, and at Hatli gramnwr 
school. He received n commisaion a^ enfifa 
in I8<)3,)ind, joininfi rbit 'J-Mi Bengal mun 
infaiitrjin the following y«Br, was etnphtyed 
with biE regiment in toe force tindfv Lior* 




Wheeler 



439 



Wheeler 



Liiko aguinot I)i>llii. Ilt> ww promoted to 
be lieutenant on 5 April 1806 and captAin 

00 1 Jnu. I^IB. 

In IVrember lf*'Ji \\'liMl*f ivna detacbed 
witii two componiis KffiinsL lliu frevbwjter 
Dinij Sinpli. ll» vr&ti prt>in«t>til Ik- u ton ant - 
colonel on :!7 Juni- 1><35, and in roivmbtr of 
the mate v<^nr tviu ptulttl tn tlii' 4Kl1i iiiitivi? 
inflotry. *Kr- mmmanded t)u- n!cim<'ni in tb? 
A%hui c«nipai(fn of 18lt8-il,ot Clif •■Unm uml 
capturi^ of Olumit on 23 July 1^>, mn! ibt- 
ocvupmion of Kabul on U Auk. foUowin^T' 
lit! VAS meDtion>e() tn di'^ptttcltM {Lnudun 
Gnxette, .SO (M. I »;_«»). "IkI """'lo • com- 

S anion <if ttie order of th« llatli, mibtarv 
ivinon, on 20 PflC. I83D. In Aiisiij<t IKIO 
^^lwl•1•■^\vlUllI«1ltmgtlinMt«DIIl>-itltlltl)ll^dillnte 
Wftiiris, near Koja, fomu thirty miles from 
Jnlnlnbnd, fougbt n hucf'-**!'") nlTnir un Thf 
IfH.h, nnd reduced wveral forte, for which 
service b* wm bijchly comnjflnded by Sir 
Willftiifthby Colton [q, v.], and ni.>ntionpd 
ia deepal-cues (lift. U Jan. 1341^. Wht-eler 
ftcconinftnied Cotton in Dcconibi'T IH-Ifl lo 
Iiidia,lii«n?g:iRH:ni forming i^art of the ft-con 
to ruard tb*- eK-tihnb,l)uAt .SiuhitmDiiiil,n'tio 
hsa BiirrPtidL-rad to CoLtun. WhrcWr wiic jht- 
tnitl>-d 111 n(.-ct})t from t\ic Shab Shuja-ul- 
>[ulkh and to wear thp inni^in of lUe order 
of tbt' Diirani rmpin' for bis MrviiCM in Af» 
ghanintan i.iA. 2» Feb. IKIJ). 

On IH Ikv. 1845 Wheeler wu» appointed 
to contmnnd the 2n(1 inrnntn* )>ri|radt; in tlin 
artnyoftboSnlbij. HfwaHiteverely wounded 
at Mudki on 1(4 l)«e. Allboti({b still sitlTtfr- 
ing from hi? wound lio joim-d Sir Hiirr\' 
Smith UMr LudintiH nn 'JH Jan. tKlii, ttiiIi 
hifl hri^rode. eompoRL'd of thu f>(>t)i foot, the 
4ftb iiniivo iiifanlrv, oiiil the yirniur bittln- 
lion, and look n protiiinPHt part in thp batllp 
of Altwal on 1^8 Jan. [i>n>i^>iiTii,8iR Hahrv 
QBOKon \Vakfi,ys| In bis diAfintch, dntfd 
SO Jan. l«4fi, Sir Harry Smitli eayp. ' In 
Brigadier Whfeb.'r, mr m.-i^nnd in romninnd, 

1 had a nuppnrt I eoniil nnly on with evpry 
confidence, and moat jjallanlly did he bvad 
his brigndf.' On 17 IVb. ^VheHer <;to9»(!<! 
iheSatlaj, and occupied ihe simntr fort of 
Philor, and then advanced To the banks of 
til'.' l(i-nit. For hut MTvicrf in tlii) cmnpaiini 
be r>«i'ivH(I tlii^ ined»l tvitli clflAps for Mudki 
and Aliwal, and waf mudo uido-dc-CAinp to 
ibc- (jiKvn with the rnnk of cnlont-l in Ibt! 
army from .'i April IH-IO. 

On 2y April Wh.fW wn» nppi'inted to 
Command thf JalHiidhar DnnhaHnbrijrndier- 
geoeral orthelir«t cbtss. On ila* oulbmiik 
of the NM^oini 8ikl) wur lii* took th(» tirUl in 
September, and on tliit llth of the following 
month redu(^(Hl the airon^i fort of >!an^'al 
2faga, for which hu woe coDgroUlai«d by 



Ixtrd riough, who ascribed lb« success to 
' hifsoldiff-likrand jiutiriausarningftnonta.* 
He waa appoinled on 8 Not. 1848 I" com- 
mand the ntnlh brigndp of the fourth in- 
fantry division of lb-' iinny of the Fuujah. 
In the some monlh Lord Oough mentioned 
in dvFpiitcb(.>s iLat liuhad tvndvn-d (ii« licarly 
oorigml ulutionii ami thnnk!> to Wbivlt-r for 
the inporlunt Bi-rrictfi reuden-d by him in 
tht* n'awction nf Kahiwnlit. Wln-clir was 
iigttin m«>ntioned in dettpalches (IK) Jan. 1849) 
for bnvinR. when in inmmand nf lbel*unjab 
division and tb« Jalandhar li«hl force, aft- 
sniilted and cufitured the heights of Dallab, 
in iipitc of maiivdilliculiies, in hinoperBliona 
agatiij>t I b« tiiliii lender, Itam Singh. On ths 
tL-rtnination of ho«li lilies the govemor- 
gt!tn.'ni] comraciitt'd in puncnil ordern on the 
KTi-al fkiU anil iim'CPBn with wliitii W hwlcr 
had pxeetitcd the dutii's committal to him. 
WlictdtT fpcMiriid tint medalrlhu tbuoksiif 
both honspfl of parliament, and of the direc- 
tor of the hlust India Contpanr, and on 
Its Aug. ]8J}0 hr WHA niadf n knight ram- 
mamU'r of ilie order of tbo Bath, military 
division. 

He resumed hii« cotomand of the Jalandhar 
Lloab, was promoted to be major-general on 
iQ Junir 1S54, and on ^0 June 1866 was ap- 

Soiiited In the ciiminnnd of tha Cawnpors 
irision. When, in May iwr, newa reached 
him a( C'liwiiuorv of Ihv rt-volt of native re- 
gimfnt.4 ai ^limt and IVlbi, Whrf I<t does 
not aiip<'ar to have apprtHiialod the critical 
stiifr of iitriiir*. Ili'lii-ving that if be pro- 
vided for the ii'mporary safety of the Kuro- 
penns and K'tardf^d ogainst a rising in th« 
city and hazanr>. any mnlinnuB «epoyi would 
go off to Delhi, he sehcifd a position, wlii<^ 
he entrenched and furnished with suppHea, 
outside ih'ii city, near Ihe wpoy lines and at 
some diAtanrrr from th« river, wliem th« 
hospilul bnrrucke uJlordt'd coasidcTablo ao- 
commodalion. Hirllenr* Lawrenot sent liim 
a Email reinfon-ement In^m Lucknon-, and, 
niitwillixluiidrng a raiiliou fnim l.nwrenM 
to hewan* of hi.t neighlwur, thi' Haja Diindhu 
I'sntli of Ritliiir (alterwHrds known os tho 
Nona), \Vhei'l.T obtained hi* ecrviceswith 
two guns and three hundred men. Tliey 
cnmc in on i'J May, and took over th» ciia- 
lodv of the tTt>aBury at Nawitbganj. 

The European women, rhildrwn, and non- 
combatants b^-touk I hcmarlvt's to (he oi- 
Irencheil [MMilion, and at the Im^inuing of 
JiinoW'bet'kr him-ndf encamped iberi', and 
Kii fotifidi.-nt was li*i tUnt all would soon be 
well thnron I JnnehewTote toI.ord Canning 
thai he had that day sent transport to bring 
up Kuropeanit from AlLnlmbAd. 'and in a few 
days— ft veiy ftw days— i shall eoiwidar 



WTiecIer 



4AO 



mie3er 



Cawnporo Mfe — n^y. tliltC 1 maT a«nd old TO 
liuclmuw if netd b«. On 3 June, ]Awn>nc« 
bavine expKued uii«««ineM, Wbeeler s«nt 
TWO officers and fifty n)»n to Lticknaw. 

WHiwIit'* geleclioH of a ilefeiic« poft wm 
injtitlirinuB, bis dvtvaw works wcra woak, 
and eupplW wt-re altO|ft;lli«' 'm>(I<-4)iuit^, 
His eonndE>iiC4> in llic native troop.a, wfan, 
iVom ftU nccounU, tmlvrtaiaed forest nt< 
gpeet for tiim, and hiK exntasiTe ansi«TT nor 
to alarm them in their disturbed conijitiun 
bv cTincitig iiii^icion of llieir loynlty. \M 
him deliboraluly lo n^ect lh« most suitable 
defence potittun. This was thd taa|iraiLnp, a 
larppwalU'd enclosure, clone in ibe rivir and 
the tn--a«iiry, iim]>l_v supplied with arum, 
Bmmunit ion and Mortis, wlicru be could ^.^isily 
hitvM htfld uut until aucL-our tthoiihl nrriiv. 

On the ni);ht of 4 June the outbrrakram- 
mL'ucvd. itit-natitrcovalryjuiiiinKtbv troops 
iif thf Niina at Nawabj^am ; ihii In-imiiry 
wu sacked, thv public biiiltlings ^t on Hre, 
and tlir mngazine, wilh iIh lu^vy (ftnis, aiii- 
miinition, and Eton?^, waa occnpipd by tHo 
rebels. On lh» following dsy the native 
infantry foUfiuvd titiil, and thn nutinf^rs. 
laden with ^piiil, were all on the way lu 
Delhi, wbrn thf Nona persuaded thoru to 
return to (.'annpore to attack tbc Curupi-nus. 
thl the tJth the bombardment of \\"hei'Ii-r'ti 
position ooniiufiiced. Tim biruii; defiance, 
tbi» df'tnil* of which an> wpII t(iv«n in Kaye's 
'Historj- of the Se]>oy War" (vol. ii.) and in 
Trevelynn'n ' ( 'awn port',' lonted until '27 Jtine. 
Thy daily cni(\iallif« wPTt' Urge. ^\^lfeWs 
son, who lay woundi^d in a ronro, where be 
WQS attended by hi4 parentis and ai>,ters, had 
bis bead taken otT by a round shot. Kx- 
treme heat, hunj^er, and thirst added to ibe 
Iiorrure of the *it nation. 

On M June the Nana o!Ii-rwl t>Tin)i of 
CDpitulaiion. ^VLwlur wbb unwilling to 
Jinlen 111 any li*m)», b\it thi.' prubalile fate, 
if th« aie^ c-^nlinued, of the larffe numbtt 
of women and children still eurvtvinf; was 
prefw-d iinnn him byoffic^m who had dia- 
tin^riiishea themeelTes by their heroic con- 
duct dnring the fifp: and he reluctanlly 
gave way. The rcmnnnt of thu pnrriaon, 
with the women and children, mandied nut 
ontheiunrnin)iof lho:f7lh topn>ceedby river 
to AltahnNad under a ftufe^'ondurl from the 
Nana. At the ghnl wlxro thpy enihnrk'-tl 
and in tlii^ bo«tta on the rivtr the tii>t mas- 
eserv look plnce. and Wheeler and hiafnmily 
went auiutt^ the victiinM. 

[Drspa<eli«s: Indiii Offin Ileeorde: Annttnl 
Regtatar, IB&7 ; Tirata (Lon<}onV '■? aiic! '29 Auk- 
I4fi7 ^ Mm of Flie Rei^n ; CoIkt'o Journal of tbe 
flntloi Canij»i(in al 1815-6; Hurablcy's Journal 
of ACaraJ^ Oftatr, including the McnoraUi) 




Campaign of 184&-B: Thaeltvell's ScMtu] i 
Wnr, 1848-S; Arclf-r's 0>niBient«ri<«o(i 
I'nnjab CaiD|Nti|ni. 1M8-A. Oounb luid Ioq 
Sikhs snd the Sikh Wars; antlinritire mM-f 
tioucti in ihotrxt ; lirowxt'Hu>taaf>a\ikorftd 
CnwDt«>re; IlistJirirJtl ItooorOii tjt tho Queaa^ 
Own Curusuf Guide*; Hiiwiy of tba Isll^ikk 
Infantry.] R. H. V. ' 

WHEELER. .IAMICST.\l,B<>YS(18i*4-' 

1807 ), bifitorian of India, son of Jamefi I^ff 
Wbwl«( y. 1 **- 1, by his wife Amn> ti|ihelia, 
daughrer of David Alphnn*o Talboys [o, v.], 
was liora at Oxford on 22 l>ec. lb:J4. iildn- 
Mr«d at a priratr Mbool, he starred bnsinras 
as a publifllier and Ijook^dlfr. but with hlil~ 
sncecM. ]Iai'infr|^ined,howfVi-r,»omecredi: 
when Still u youni; innn.as a writt^-ofhaDi 
booka for tuiivently btudrtnto, and by n oiuiv' 
elaborato work on tho freujmphy of Hrra- 
dotua, he obtained duriu^ thi- Criui'^an wu 
a aupernumerary d«rk>liip at the war olKf*. 
Id I8-'>8 ho went to India as editor of tbe 
'Madra* S[Hiclator,' but ^avtr up tliv pm* 
feasion of joumalifim on beine appointed 
(4 iM. 18f>8) professor of nHtraland mtintal 

Eihiloaophy in the Madraii prefidenc}' cil* 
ejfe. In Way IHtKJ be was employed hy 
tm- Madras f^rcmTni'nt to maminf th'_- old 
record*; the rwulte of bia rvKarchea larioic 
a report. Iii^hlv commended br the socrotarr 
of i!t«l«.'. tfir C'liark* Wood, in. a d«.>«pal^ 
datetl :^o Mar 1^1, and a ' liinton of Ma- 
dras in the Olden Time.' On 1'6 Feb. 1M2 
he was appoint>>«l n^iMtant aivretary lo \im 
goTerameni of India in tho rnneign depart^ 
nieot, and removed to C'alcuria, where, 
Amon^ other duties, he had chnnrt- of ilkc 
foreign and, later, of the home oflicvo wh 
tbe s«rretAriea werfi at Simla. Amon^ i 
printed but nnpub1i»ht.-d volura^s which 
compiled under onii-ra of govemnuict wen 
n mi-'nioniodum on the Scinde ameers, nui- 
mimr-H of piditical allnir* from iftU to 1889, 
of Afghan a6aire in the fight ee nth and nine- 
teen centuries, and of I'er^iaa alfalns a 
tiiIuaIiIa report on .Xfjcluin-Turkc-stan, and a 
memorandum on the Wabnbis, all of whicb 
briVi- lx.'1'li freely usfvi by oRicial writMH ac 
wLdl B.S by othon who bad acc^rw to coo- 
fidenlial documents. lJi)> senices wen 
Kptfially arknowledired by Lord Mayo in a 
niinutribiti-d JOl'Vb.lt'70. Knrly in that year 
Ir' was tmnsferred to Rangoon as secr^air 
to thn rhirf ei>niini*Kioi>er c>f|{riti>'h Ilunni. 
In that nipacity in November 1 1*70 he viai 
Mnndolny and Hhnmo.nnd had an interv; 
with ihft kintf of Itnrma. In l-'^73 li* 
tained long furlough to England. Since 
ftp]ioinlm«nt to tbe foreign office his lei«tiri 
bad bei'n devott-d to tlie compilation of bir 
exoiUeRt and inrnpalhetic biatoir of In 






IH3 



Wheeler 



44t 



Wheeler 



.ltiffl« of which wan nubtUhed in 
turning to India in fH7H, he wb« 
employed to rfport on the rteonlti in llic 
home anil foniK" iU-f)iirliKi>ti(s al Unlculiii; 
And, bfwidc)^ Aubmitiiiig ivpriflfioti hin inrce- 
tigatione, coQipili'il iwu voIuiul-*, wLivb he 
wiix «llaw4>il 111 imhiiah. He also prepared 
and publiahed under tht* nutborily oi govitru- 
mpnt »' Ilintorj-of Ibr f iiipTial AMcmblftge 
•t Ifelbi.' Tn ISfll he retired fnnn the ser- 
vicc. Uedied at ]{amtiffiili< nn 1^ .Inn. IRII'. 

He marrird, on lA Jnn. IftfiiJ, Kinily, 
(Itiimbt«r of Robert Roe, br whom be iiiid 
tbrei iumTinp sons — Sti'i»liO'n,t)wcn Kdli— I 
iton Huti> cnpFftiu Lficeetershire i^siinent), j 
i»nd Albi-rt Vnrdvce; and ono dBiightcr, 
Edith. 

He wrole, VkiiIm MtualJer tP»t-b<)o]is and 
nrtirtes in the 'Calcutla novi«w.'' Asimic 
Quttrterlr,' and other mTiodicntu, t Li; fttlhiv- 
ing: I. 'Analysis and SnramaiT of llem- 
dotufi,' lt*18. '2. ' Analvnie tind SiiminaiT of 
Old Tt-M«mfTit IliMrtry.' 1H49. .t. ' Ann- 
lysis and Suiiiniary of Thucvdides," I'^&O. 
4, ' AnttlysiB and Summary of Nrw Tratft- 
mont History,' 18**:*. 6. ' (jeoirriiphv of 
Il.-iw!iilus' !'b.'»4. t). 'Life and Trnvt-U of 
Hi-rodwiuR,* li-.'jS. 7. ' HisUiry of Madrus 
in iheOldnn Timr, Ul.'» to IT-iH: compiled 
from tho (rrtvemmi-ni Records,' IWfO-i, 
8 vol«. 8. 'Ilielury nf Imba,' IN07-8], 
4 rol«. 0. 'Riimmiiry of Aifnirs of thr. Go- 
Temment of India in the Foreijni I)epart- 
ment from 18G4 to ] Kflfl.' ] 860. 10. * Enrlv 
Records of Rriti»1i India,' 1877. 11. ' His- 
tcty of Ibe Imperial AasemblnKP fl IVJbi,' 
18(7. I;;, 'Siiinmani- nf AtVnin* in Native 
SUtea, 18l(*to Jei:i^/lM78. 13. 'Summary 
of Affiaint in Stahratla Stntes. lfl:;7 to IKftn,' 
1878. 14. 'Short History of India and i lie 
Frontier States,' 1880, 15. 'Tuk's from 
Indian History.' 18»:f. 1ft. ' India uiidi-r 
British Kulv,' 1886. 

(Tim«n, 1 4 .Tan, 18^7 : Inili in offlcial list* and 
prirato pflprm-l 8. W. 

WHEELER, JOHN (/. HJOI-HWS), 
eccntary of ihu Merchant Adranturere' 
Company, uns pmliitlily liorn al On'Mt ^'iir- 
moiith. On rhi- death of fleorgie Gilpin in 
iOO'J. be became a enndidatv lor the poet of 
oonncillor tn the cniincil of Kil.ali' in tli'^ 
Low Countries, He may be identical with 
th>? Jolin Wh'.'iderwho in 16Ifi wft« admitted 
to tlie Knct India (!i>mpnny, with JlU-riy to 
vcDtiirei )HH]l. iu the joiiit stock. In 14JUI 
hu piiblii^hiHl ' A Tre»li)(e of Commerce, 
wherein arc uliewfd the Comnrndltinii arin- 
iog from n well ordered and nilcd Tmde.' 
London (4ti); iinii'llii-r fdiriiHi, Middi-Ibiirir, 
ld01,-ltoj. ilia work, which contains miicb 



bietorionl information, in an elaborate defence 
of the policy of the Merchant Adventurera' 
CotDpnny affainec the objection* of the Hnn- 
neatic mercnants and other opi>oiieuls. JIu 
nlao collected and dif;e»ted 'Tbr^ Lawes, 
Cu>tonitf«, and Urdiiiunci'B of thi- 1-Vllow 
ahippe of Merchantes Adventurers of the 
Itealm of En^^laud' (IcXI^, Uril. Musijum 
Addit. MS. IBinS). 

[.Si»to I'upor*. i>om. HIizulieth. cduuii. 6ft, 
rflxxxiii.'4,oc!lsjlXV.33.48: C«l. Stato l'«pNa, 
I'ji^lliidioa, China, and Ja|iiiQ,1613-ie. No. tifi», 
l'j;«t Indirx and J'rrxia. 1630-1. No. GO ; Mac* 
phprwan'* Amijilii of ComnMirco, ii. 319-31 ; 
.S;hani'ii EncliMhr Hiindtkpolitik, i. 333-6 
(Iroon'n (iild .Mcrrhniit. i. I'lK. MO; IIi-\ti;iii'» 
Etii»I'»li TmiK- iiiid Fiiiiinrp, p. xti ; Cunning- 
liam'etiruwth of tosliah Indiu'ry and Comtnorco 
(Modern Titan), pj^. 119, ]:iO-J W, A. S. H. 

WHEELER, .MAKKICE (l<t48P-1727), 
divine and aLmanac-maliBr, bom in 1647 
or 1 (U8, wn» Min of Alnurii'e Whi-tilor ' ple- 
beiiie,' who in lQ(i4 was livino- at St. fiiW 
(Wimhornei in noreet. Un 1 April 11661 
be f-nti-red an a hatteler at New Inn Hoil, 
Oxford, and took the degi^es of U.A. on 
170«. Iti(l7, andof M.A. on 6 July 1070. 
.\t the latter date hu bad recently buvn up- 
pointetl chaplain at Christ Church, and in 
ihu *amfl yeor he became r«ctor of St. Ehbc'e 
at Oxford. Hii celebmted almatiac (wti 
below) was publiBhed in \ti'A. and at about 
ihiis time he luust buve murriud. fur a monu- 
ment at 8t. Kbbe'fl record.-" the il.alh of I win 
sune of tho ruclor (Maurice and William) on 
2li .Tunc IfWO. lYobahty this Invi determined 
him to leave Oxford, for we find him holding 
the rectory of Sibbertoft in Xorlharopton- 
ahire from Ift^O till Itli^, in which year, on 
[1 Sept., he w«9 appointed niaoter of tho 
oolU'^iatv or CBtbedrul »chool nt Gloucester, 
aposition he probably Jield till l7C7-l?,wLeu 
be iras mBcIe prebendary of Lincoln. In 
166G he CHtabliHiud n library ut the school. 
Ili.ioihiT prefermenta wen? the fwjtory of 
WupiHiuham in NurthamptonBhire (17 Majr 
I7l5-ir.) and thi' ri«t<.fy of Tbiirp Mande- 
ville in the same cntmtv tfmm 12 Nov. 
1721) till hi« death in ll'St'). On 7 Oct. 1727 
bf! wa.^ buried in his former parish cbmrch nt 
WapDeiiham. Itolter, in hi^ * Nortliaiuptou- 
«hire (i. 722), states that he was tutor to 
\^'illIllm Walit! [q. v.] (aftftiivarda arch- 
bishop of Canterburi), no duubt while reclnr 
of:?i. Kbbe's. 

In [OTA Wheeler ptibliithed andnymoiisly 
at the Sh(?ldoni&n I'mfls at Osford • Tho 
Oxfortl Alnuiriiu; for . . . IfiTS . . , Calcu- 
lated for the meridian of Oxfoni .,,,"» 
small octavo, containing, bet>idee the bare 
almonac, a Homan caltndnr, chronolo^cal 



•JK^Eiv mW U. IW). Anthwiv 
WmiI <bcki« ikiA ' il^w VMM mm tlkir - 

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lu. v.], aiilln.r of Um! ' F 

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CM«ty. lo I7t4 bit Ug«n« i ukii wC\ 
'm bnt.'inr ni ttic ApotlHcarMa*BiB.kKi 

For tIkE Mt tf 

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lir«iiulflith> < '■ ibv 

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titriH-l, i>|K>th«cwM« tu tW l(iu|{ ■D'l qot-uu, 

wiiJt iu 17U; lM«nU>T«it S' " -- M -...•. I 

M » •twlwat. Al an 
K frmt fiiudiMM W ^ 
WW fuKtrtvU br Williu 
cal dcmoiutmtor at n. - 
o«ri«B. Ou H*.Miin.'li i::o h,' w»- 
U•iftlu7oCd^MU«.,•I«ItMiutr»: I I 



:'» l[uit|>itia iti liWU, «Md 
'■' WW aifpointnl to a mmSimr mm. a 
tholottww'* FI'-t[iiUL TUftikab 
:v>4^nvd Id 1A^, when \ic w^MHaMdadly 
kia aon I 'liarli-w ; wrhilt) in tb« «UW for kit 
ald0!aMtit,']'bnRiul»w« >\nM*«lar. MMaaM 
Uiai UB iHiianivm) dwaKmnrntoruibSocHlf 

SK-it't^ iif A|Billin!«rHjinaiU9 JttiMl£1&; \m 
mxyvA aa wanl«u lu l>J(>-i;, aad Im «■ 
laaatrr iii 1K:>:!-S. \\r wu alao appociilala 
ttiunbpriif tii4< Gm iv»tm "f -taniiiMK taito 
iWaet .if Inl.X Fn.in I7W to ITMbrlini 
U M Ncwntv Stnvt, and nractiwd tlak 
aa an a{i»ti)K-«rv. In 17t>7 ne noT«d iaio 
tlw tuHiatt ef ttie XMirat 8oc)ciy ia Boh 
tWrt, wlwf* Ii# CJiiiinurd lo rc«ide aatU be 
I ill Ilia old Bffu to tlir Imiiuo of kia 
-iiii. Ill (tnici^:liuroh Str^-t.anri %Sia~ 

• - ■ ; '■,■;,,;,. Hill, CI. ■ ' fJiK.«i 

!: -Ilrd on 1(1 "Ha 

H !>• t'lii lilt III NurwiHNl ivni'.-T .. I \ . t ill mat* 
rWtl at INiiK-raa OM CUunh. in' Mat 17*. 
Afeu UUuh of Amotbun-. Itv ber 'he had 
tu auM. Ska lii^ va 'i't Aitft*. IHOO. 

\Vh«a1«r,wlwmH«nthudiaittir«U;d«rol«4 
ti< tliw iloclriiMa of l.iiiiifpitK, was an aU* 
bitlaniat uf tl» nlJ m-Ii.' t. \.i ■, («ae|>«r bc 
Mmit ■■uiim-iillv <«' i" ' Urrtnii^ 

ittjf*' of iIm ApiMl ; y uotlcrhi' 

!;ui«iUiwp tRvanw fiutww ihruuRhvat Eo^ 
and. At ft nsdloftl praclili^'.nvr h« filld 
thw ditliittth puvition "f apvcbraur to &. 
lUrtb«kloiBi>w s Ho*|itlal iviih ihr'srrumi 
«(wlit. •'V* a man hf> <Ka» <l 'i-d bj 

tb« cbililltki' Mtnplieilv i>: ii, ha 

nyuiwrsuid bi* babils. Ktuu thr atr«<i' 
flirty to tb» tim* of hit dMih at ninrtr-iovr 
bt> abalainti) ^nlin.ilvl'roaifi-: ''■.nu^n. 

Hit in» 909 of tbe Wt pt *'li:< 

n>i' - < • -ti-'dlMafiabioilaiii':- in ULajoutb. 

H hinir Tnii Thill III Iml wiwfl 

> vrar b« ai.iiuJn)*J a aoand uov* 

1. at portratt uf Whcvlcr by H«*y 

. -. KJl^hiniTK in th« f^rt^x jtttiaar m 

:-itk«««riwt' Hal). Mn,Wbi^^ 

I'wtu • tlm»4)ittrter4M^lh i* 

<luura byO««tyeKiclutiDMd,i ' 



Wheelocke 



443 



Wheelocke 



in W2S. and a rvmarkablo wax Ti|{i]t!tt« by 
I'«t«r Kouvr, ■ sculptor modi'Ilcrr of gem mu 
etaunx, SO Nurtvii :ilri^i-l, Pvrtluiid Road, 
1834/ 

(Im^M KDiI Smnplea Memoir* of tho Dntiinir 
Owdco Rt ChBlMM, Landcn. 1879; Prac- Linn. 
Soe. IM8, i. 38U: iDiuniBcript iinleliookR in i.hc 
poueatunn of Mra. Whrolor: inrnrcnnlion and 
ptnonal nmUoction* 1>j H« nrjr Puvvr, <->q., tb» 
Mat ftt)pimtii:« ttf Thomiui Itiringlon Wheeler,] 

HA. K 

WHEE LOCKE . WHEELOCK. WHE- 
LOCKE, WHELOCK. or WHELOO, 
AliKAlIAM ( l.Wa IfiMi, linguist, WHS bom 
in l6biS Qt Wbitcluirch, Sbropshirc, nnd 
•pom 1ii^ viiirly Tonra at Loi^'iiigtoii in clic 
■ame oounly. He gmduttU-d B.A. from 
Trioitj- CollecB, Cninbrid^i in Illl 4, M.A. iti 
leiS^aiid H.U. from ('km (ritlli-ge i» Ki^. 
Wn IfllD he canlribiited a Latin noEim to u 
TOTunri) of elvgii:* (' l.itclirrmm < antsbrigi* 
pnsea." p. 70), iiwiiMl by tlie iinivprsit.v nf 
Cwnbrid^;? on tlie dwtti of Ann© of lipn- 
nuk, and in t)i# immi} jfftr ohtiiiivil a fcl- 
low^ip at Clare Ilall, wliicL tie retained till 
histnarriiCG in Itl^lJIo the- widow Clcnicncn 
(ioaiL lie tlio contributiHl Latin vcn>eH 
to the * Kpjtbnlamiiim L'aruli el Ilonrit^'tta) 
AUriiti ' (LGl'C, p. 7t)), ■ Guuuthliiicuin Illu«- 
triAKiiuflruru I'riui-iputn, Ciiinili et Mitrlif ' 
(ll)3I. I). 6(1 1, and Oreuli verst-s to 'Ken 
U«di«'^(1033, p. 44). 'l>ucia Eboruc-onsiB 
J-Mcifc ' (16S3, n. 12), and ' In^iuHlia CniiLa- 
bri^ipiiaJfi' (l&ll). and has venwct preRscd 
to Ihijmrl'n BitpuoSjiuimiat (1887). From 
iei>J la hH'2 \w xrtM mtniater of St. fte- 
pulctif)^'*, Cambrid){e. 

After election to hi« fi'llowsliip ^^^lce- 
locke appear^ to bave coniineiicfd tbe f tadj 
of thi; oriontn] languug^^, tlii>n lilll« known 
in En^lunt], and in vonuvction witli tlu-gu 
studies he got into cummtmitation with 
Ik'dwfU aii<riTMb(!r, who uucimiunally gave 
him irrommiMious to exocutv. Nutwilb- 
Ptanding hia appointments, he appears for 
miiiiv yvnTg of Iii» lif*> to bare Buffuntd from 
exttetne povettj- (Rett LpltrrSTSin UBiitKH*H 
tt'orin, vol. XTi.\ and to bare oppU«d iin- 
meceMfuUy for a vnri''t; of pouts. At laat, 
towards the «<ud of ItfiiU, h'e obtained, atlet 
COOsiderabtc canTR»^<iin(;. those of public li- 
bnriananduniaigii';ii>isKtlbt.-C.'(iiiibrtd(fi.'Uni- 
Tersitv LibrKrt', will] eiuoliutienta aniount- 
inf to 10/. jwr anmitn. Theee posls he re- 
taintMl till hiK da*titli. Hia ndcnini'itriitiim of 
thp libmrr wbh marliRd bv Kenl nnd ability. 
' T)iL-n' en> tmrm nf liitt hnnd,' rayH bis emi- 
nent Biiccewor Rradnbnw, 'altnogt thmiijgh- 
out the collection ae it wxistwl In his diay, 
and (he library ^h-libh to havu bi-on well used 
ad well cared for during ht« tuna ofofCcc' 



Shortly sftvr bia appointtOBnt ho app«ar« to 
havL' uigfld (Sir) ThomAS .\datna (KiSd- 
1007) [<{. V.J io induce fomv ciiv conipany 
lo endow a chair of Arabic at Oamfai'idnk 
This Adorns duclan-d to be impontbte: 
but 111- olTtTed to provide a stipend of 401. 
for Hiich a piirposu for two or thrw jtmta, 
\V'heeIaclie to be thv tinit profwaor, And he 
afterwards made this endowm^^'DtpernianL'oi. 
Wbeeloche appears to bnrn both tjinght nnd 
studied Aruhic dilignntly, and in Adnms's 
lelten to him (preavn-ed in tlii< CnmbndcH 
University Librair) thert' an; fn'^iueat n-tt'- 
renoM to iits ' Anbic mill ; ' but he published 
little or not1iiu){ bearioKou thei'ubjw^t ,owin}r. 
he BBye, to the want of Arabic lypu;3 and 
Conip(»iloni cnpabltf of stilting; th«m up. In 
u letter to Uaaher datiid 1((40 ho muntiona 
(hat he bad prt-unrrd u nifiitatJon of the 
Koran, but that tnn miivionAry to whom he 
bad shown a fmecimcn uf tlir' work had di«- 
cottragod him from pmc(^din(t with it. 

Wheelocke also devoted much attention 
to tilt* I'tiniinn tan|;iiA((o, nnd commenced 
lirintiug in IC-W an edition of the Persian 
verainn of the UnaneU fn>in M.-TCral manu- 
Kriptx, ono of which lH:!oii){fd to ICdwsrd 
i'ocock« fq. V.]; but he did not live to 
publish tuie work, which was lini»hud and 
lesuvd in 1667. Th«> dinliiiguiiihisl PeraJan 
scholar Thomna Tlyde (,1636-1703) [q. v.] 
wjiB his pupil. Ht> abo took part in dnwing 
iiutbeplnnofWnUon'si'PoIrff lot,' and wrote 
Alelt^T to the viciM-hancellor of Cambridge 
University, commending that work, nf which 
he wa* to ha-vo corrttcted the Arabic nnd 
Persian texta, but death preTented his execut- 
ing m ucli of this i«chcini>f»ec W* ltwk, Kriak]. 
Aa Buianui.'u«i)>of Tin! public library become 
to be eaiployetl bv Sir Iloniy Spelman[q.v.] 
to copy Anglu~h>axoii niaiiuitertptfi, and in 
onlitr In remunerate him for his Bervkea, as 
well ti3 to found u. gcho).d of Ajitflo-SuoD, 
Spalman {wbp hiul r-mlrnvourea without 
SUGOcw to obtain promotion for him from (he 
bishop of Ely I est«bti«h*'d in IflSS n iliair 
for a 'lecturer and reader of the Stunn lan- 
)[iiB^ and tbi! history of our ancit-nt Ilrit.ieh 
churches,' for which ho providi'd a atipend, 
bufiidt^s proMiitin^r Whoelocku to the living 
of Middlelon in Norfolk. The motion for 
ihi! cifitiihliiihmL'nl of ihu ehiiir wru broughl 
|j«rfon'th<!uniTt;niilyor("aiiiLrid^{t;by U saber. 
At >\nieiplocko's dt'Dth. owing to political 
Iroubliw, ^pelmnn'K bcin diHContinued tiia 
(tndnwment, and tho readership lapH^d. 

Wheelocie'snnmeiscbipflyreiiii.'mb'Ted in 
cnnncttion with the work he did as .\nglo- 
Soxon n-ader. In ICVl^ be published tbe 
AnRlu-Haxon translation of Bedc asciibed 
to Alfred, with an edit ion and IransIatioQ of 



Wheler 



444 



Wheler 



tli« ' ChronoIogU S«XDnica,' bued on two 
nuniucriplK, of wliicK one b«loiigiiig to Sir 
TboBUS Latton hA6 kIqcb, wit li thv i.-xcvption 
of ft fvw juigVK. btH-n (lentrojed; tlie iiai[>« 
that remain tnd «ri> now in the Urilisli 
Mnwum ebow tlmt WIu'vIocIcr wru an &rc(t> 
rate editor. An^Ir>-Sj«on whoUrs sft'nk less 
wamlj of hiE work m n tmnmlucor. Tlii^ 
work WM il»)icat<:^l lo Sir Thomas Adftnu 
(8ir Ilenr)' Speliuan b^in^ then deceased), 
and was roJMUcd lu IIH4, with a roprint of 
Lamb&rde'e*.\TcliaioDoiuia'aii<lolberinaUvr. 
"VV'tieelocke brofMs^a to hare derivMl h'm 
ICBOwliMlgu or Anglo-Saxon mainlr from tlif 
letten and publi&lied wriiinga of Spcltnan, 
wbo also j<iigp)el(.*d hhvltuI la«kfl to Whoo- 
locke, sraoiig ih^m h ciiuiplclf tliirtionarv of 
Ai^o-Saxon, which Wbt-eWkeiMmmcnceil, 
but nflTW finiKhrd. Aiitl indi-vil \\'l)fi5l<>ck>'V 
high jiranilard of ercum.'T. iog*ttli*>r with tin* 
Toritfty of ilio eubjtfcte which lie pur.'iiiF^I, 
Mvinn to hnvi' hinttvivs] bin: from proiiiiction, 

lleHuRttredfroin ill health at mtuaj' pt'iiod^ 
of his lifp, and al«o, a^ haa \)een aeen, from 
pwiini&T^' anxiftT. Ho dinl «p|iftr«]itl,r iu 
London in i^plember 1063, lesvmir live vbil- 
dren. His fimiTal sermon, prL-ucbed at St. 
BotolpbV, Aldi^TKratL' jjlrout, on U'l Si-pt. by 
William Sclftlcr [see under SctATER, Wii- 
LtAM, I'y'^-IOM, was publiclivd in lOiA. 

[UiiQaKHfUi of llip CnmLriifg" Voircivitj 
Ubrar;, cspeciAlIv Dd. 312^ SirU. Kllin'a l«-t- 
t«ni of KniuKinl rJt«rnrj- N>-n ; Uodleian tiSS. 
(TannotaQd Ashaiolir CoUvction); Ui^or's Lft- 
tew (Workn. voU. xt, avi.) ; Trinity C^ll. MBS. 
ftnuiaeripL lent \iy tho Cuniliridf^ LTnir. li- 
tmriaD); aoUm kiudlv cui-pliod l-y Vr*. Aldis 
Wriahl. Mq., D.C.L.,' TriniiT CoUtgr, Uahi- 
brid«i-.] D. S. M, 

WHELER. [See «Iw> \VHi:t:ij:H.] 

WHELER, SiuFRANCI.S(lfl.-\6P-16»4l, 
admiral, boni about Ulo'it, was the voun|{[i*r 
son of Sir Chnrl.-5 V.'he\tr (rf. l«8S(', lecfmd 
bMouel, Vi'Doroihy.dauibtftr of Sir FronciA 
Bindlois, and (irwiit-crandaoD of the liiati-r of 
Sir SadfTiU Trvvor i ij. v.] and Sir Thoma-i 
Trevor [q. v.] His elder brothrr. Sir Wiliiain, 
lliinl bfLruiii't, was bum in 1(V54. 

In April Iti'SKntiKMifwn-vnppDintvdMcofld 
lieutenant of thn Jtiipert. hy Vice-admiral 
Arllmr HurbiTt ( Karl urTiirrnigton ) ' q. v.^in 
the ML>dilerrani>nni bp wa-h nftcrwarSe with 
Sir Jolin NmrbiTiiigb [q, v/ in thii r^auiL* alii]', 
and bffain witii Hi'rbf'rr in iIr- Itristol, from 
which hi* waa jtrfttuott-d on II Sept. 1080 to 
be ntplain of thi- Nonsuch, and in ]i«r, on 
8 April IW\, ha captua'd a jwwcrful Alp>- 
rineonr*rtir|*»f IJLT(a&w, Joiix, Htfti-ITOS], 
InAu^st iKiSl hi! wiuiiiovL'd into the Kinjf' 
fisher, in which in Uctohor hu captUKd 



another corsair, after u obalinale 
Id August Itit^ he wu apininted to 
Tiser, which be aeema to bavu oomiDanded 
til! 16K8, when be waa moved into the i 
turion and afterwarda into ibe Kvnt. 
thia time, t<io, ha wan knigbled by Kit 
James, If otliiT influvncuH were want 
his old friF-ndkhiii for Ilttrbert pmbably 
him to Accept the Kevolution withnatdiffi* 
culty. In April Ulrtfl lur wan ap]iointed to 
tbf Run^rt, in whidi he 6ailr^fl tn join Ile^ 
bert, wiiom he met coming back from llie 
indecisive action nifir Rantry Baj. Un t^ 
way li« bad made prize of a larse and rich 
Fn-ncb West IndinmAo. In JiAy he wu 
Mint by Torrington with a uaall ttiuadroD to 
kee|)awat«lion IIr*st,otf which he captund 
several vcM^b lodim with military Bloresfw 
Ireland, aiid one with d<-*patchR«. In IQOO 
he commandnl the 90'gun ship Albemarle 
iu \\iv batllv of Ucachy Hcud, and in 1602 
ill tht- hallle of Bar(li-«ir. 

In October 100^ he waji made rear^^dmitil 
of tliKi bliM and appointr<1 tn comioaml a 
Aquadmn nent to the West Indieo, with lui 
order to wear the union Rag at the mam at 
soon as he wait clear of tho Sonndines. He 
sailed from l^ortsmouth earlr in Januaiy 
l&di 3. and on 1 lllarch arrived at Barbado*, 
where, in consultation with the land officos, 
it was resolved to attack Maniiw)ue. Bat 
QUI bine had been prepared beforehand: even 
eight hiiniln-<l men of tli*- local tnili;iH,who 
were to be added to the rej^ular trc 
not been raised, nor hud Colonel f?odr 
the captain-general of the L<.-<ewanI la 
been called on for his co-operation. Iti 
thus SU March bt<fore the expedition : 
^m Karbudo^, and 1 Aprs! whrn they 
landL-d in Martinitjue, <itili without (''Odrinr- 
ton and hie n.'i»furccmfnta. Includintt toe 
eight hundred Harlmdo^ militia, ilte laail 
force numbirt-d 2,300 men, to which \Mi«lef 
addnl lifl<vn htindrrd ifiminMi binder bis fO' 
nnnal command. (.>n the l>th the.v were 
joined by Codrinpton; but e*-en then the 
fnnvproviilquite inadequate f>r the purpMf^ 
and after ecreral desultory attacks and tlia 
lose of about a thousand men by sickneM. i 
was resolved to abandon th*.' at't^-rapt. 
troops were re-embiirked and taken to 
niJiiiuMi to rtiicruit tbcir health. Codriof 
then propoMMl au attack on (]iutdpl(mpe,hi4l 
to thu Wheler could not con^'ni, as h' 
oriiism wi-rr ti> Inare th»i Wi^nt Indi'r* bv tl 
end of May at latent. It ia prohahle tool 
thai, with iiflwly raised and sickly troop*, ' 
he thnit|;fat ^nd BUcceM at Oundr)nu{K' as 
unlikely as at Martinique. Id the end of 
May hr siiiicd for Boston, where hf arritM 
oil 1:^ Jose, llv proposed to Sir WttlisiiL 




Wheler 



Wheler 



Pliipps[q. v.], 1 be governor of MauitoUuKetU, 
to undertake ui exposition a^inst ljkiobe« ; 
but tie nu troops wen ruftdy, ami U wvt ttn- 
po<uibl« In get tbein rendy in lim«, Phipp« 
WM obliged to rvfun. Leaving Bostun oii 
A Aup., Wlii'W wi-nt lo Ni-wfuiiiidluml, but 
founiT tbat l*tacentia waa too well fortified 
sod strongly garrisom-d to h- allHckwl in a. 
euual WAV. A co'uncil of war decided thai 
nothioff could be done, and tbe aauadron 
nilftd for Krij^Iand, which it ri^'arhctl in thf* 
mtddit! of Octobi^r, ' in ko reduced a utate 
that there w«r<> scarcely nii.'n enough in 
iioalth to ouviguto tliv fhips into port. 

Notwitbiitandin^ jiopiilar clamour, tbe ill- 
ftacccss wtiich had Btttadml iha cvjiudilion 
wan RO cituirly dtii- to cauivH beyiiiid naval 
Control that Wheler's conduct could not bo 
Called ill quiwtion, and within n few tIayK 
ftftrtr bid irvival he was appoint^id ndiniral 
and commandei^in-chier of a muadron dt^ 
aigned for the Meditrrraiicnn, hi.* rank at 
the tune beinR only rear^«dmiral of ihe red. 
Contrary winds and want of n<ice«ariL'd div 
Uiaod it for Mwral n-ticliiji, and it did not 
aail till '27 Dec. W ith Wheler were Vice- 
admiral (SirTIiomiu'i Hoiisonn ^q. v.1, lt«jii>- 
adminil John Nevfllkj. v. !, a Uutcb miundrLin 
under \'i(!e-adinim] CaUenhuirch, and a largs 
oonruy (if mi^irchniir aIiI^w. Inn r^olU^tioJi 
of tho disa^tpr.iiislainpd by Sirft«irgi> Itookfi, 
with whnm Hopannn Had been only n few 
montbs before, mnrl'" Wlioler e«p*»cift!ty mii- 
tloiu; and though itevtiral FrcnrhaktpA wvte 
seen hovering round bischar^ between Cape 
St. Vinn-nt and Cadis, ho wu enrpful not to 
allow hisaquadron to get separated iiipar^iuit. 
By \9 Jan. 14)93-4 ho brought his whole 
squndroii uud convoy tafely tiito Cadix har- 
bour, lli-r.? Hoiiwinn ported trnm him. re- 
turaiog tn Eii|;lAnd with iLe liumt^-ward- 
bound Irttdi'.nnd Wlin^litr, having remainwl a 
month, sailed on 1 7 Feb. to pass through tbe 
Straits. On tb« ISth itrameonto blowbard; 
theforoeofthe wind iiicrea-wd to a hurricane; 
tbft sbipa, n'hicti were then nlY Malaga, were 
diipcrscd : Brv<!ra1 running back \a the west- 
ward, iu tbe ilarkntr^t of the nigbt mistook 
Gibraltar Itay for th*.' Straits, ran into it, 
and wi-rc drivi'ri '?n nhoris Tbu Cambridgo 
waA [brown, on Aborts and broken iiti a few 
miles to the eaatward, Th« Sut^^i^x, \\ he W« 
flagwbip, foundttritd nt Hvk o'clock on tlii? 
morning of the lOtli. Of 'uXt people on 
board, two Turks only escaped. Two days 
Ial*r Winder's body, much mangti-d. was 
cast DO shore, Cbarnock aety* 'hat it was 
«inbalined and sent to I''iif;iand ; but this 
seen« doubtful. 

Wheler married Arabella, daughter and 
ultlm&celj coheiroM of Sir CiiUbrd Clintoti, 



by Kraiicvs, daughter of Sir Hennage Finel 
and badiatueiwo bo>-a and a girl. Oft' 
tbo girl, Anna Sophia, and iiw elder ,,,„ 
CbarW, iiru iiAia«d in hia will (SonterMt 
Uouau: Box, 89), dated 30 Oct. lK9i', and 
pnivod on 28 April I6ft4, Wotton (Unrvnrt- 
ape, 1741, III. 1. 144) u.y« ho left two aona 
only, William (rf. I7.'18) and Fntucts, atil] 
living in 1741. It would appear that CharW 
and Anna Sophia died young, and that a 
thir<1:ton, Francis, waa bom iti IfBL'tor 1(194. 
^Vllliam'a wm Francis is described by Sir 
Samuel Itomilly (.I/miumV*, i. 73-4); Jane,. 
the daughct^r of this Francin, marriixl Ilenrr, J 
second viacount Mood, and wan tbe graao-j 
mother of the third Viioount jlood andl 
mother of ihw second Lord Uridport. Tho 
trustees of Whelor'o will were his old friend 
ajid tntiK»miitv, Sir Clowdialey Shovull [q. v.l, 
Christnpber l*ackc, probably the son uf Sfrj 
Christopher Tacke [q. v.], and Ins couBin. 
William Bincl«« [q. v.\ dean uf i^ichfield 
(cf. Wormy, m, i. 144j. 

IChoTDixk'B Bioitr. Xar. ii, 76; Bardiett's | 
Ttwnaactidns at .Sea. pp, 477. 49(1; LMtiard'a 
Naval Hittt. pp. fi;0, 682; N«t«I1 to SM-roiaryol 
!^tai« and to Lord* ol tho Admiralty. 27 Fab. 
1693-4. in iloma Dflea RviconLv Admiralty, 
col. vii.: Court- martial nn tlw DHWcn of tbe 
C'limbridgii, 8 .Sept. IC94.1 J. K. L. 

WHELER, Sm fiKOUfiE <lfi.50 -17Sai, 
travwlk-r. thvson of Charles Wheler of Cha- 
ring, Kent, colonel in the life gunrdu, by his 
wife .Vane, daughter of John Hutchi'n of 
Kgerton, Kent, was bom in 1060 at Hrvda 
ill Holland, wh^rw hU parcnta, who wrre 
rovalist*, were in exile. Ilv wa«udiicatedat 
^\ye whool, Kent, find at Lincoln (Allege, 
Oi'fonl, matriculaling ou -Jl Jan. 1807. He 
was crcaiiJ M. A. on -JtiMarcli lUflH,and D.D. 
by diploma on Iti .May 17(W. la 1671 he bo- 
came a studi^nt at the Middle Temple. In 
October 1673 hu ael out fora lour in Franco, 
Swila^rlnnd, and Italy. and wusst Srst accom- 
psuiod by (ii'orgu Hiclc^M [q. v.], his tutor at 
Lincoln Colli'ge. While in Italy he rvLMivud 
some instruction in antiquities from Vaillant, 
and at Venice, in June 1076, iiuidu tb« ac- 
qiiRintanc« of James Spon, physician ofLyona, 
with whom be travvllod m Gnwce and the 
Levant in ltt7d and li17f!. Spon published 
a aoparate account of the journey in ]i!78 
( Voyage d'lUtli*. de Daimattr, itv Grtrr, #e., 
Lyons, l::?mo). Wlieler'pia<!eounl, ',4 Journey 
into Qrwoe,' was not published till 18f<2. 
These traT^ in Gro«M haYc, aa Micbaelia 
(Anrimt Marilei, p. 56) remarka, the charm 
and valiio of a journey into an almost un«x« 

Slored country. Among thv placca visited and 
escribed by Wheler are Zante, IWos, Oon- 
at&atiiivflef Fnua id Oljrmpum, Thy&tiri, 



A 




GpbesttS, l>el|^i, CoriRtli, and Attica, lit 
gaT» an nooouiit at t)ii> anliquitiua of Atli«na, 
and bruugUt Loihq iaarblv« mnd ituKriiituini*. 
III? made caoBidL-mbio iiw nf raitiit in hii 
book, and paid mucb ailentioa to boUiny. 
Ho tmm^lit fniiii tilt' east ievcrml plnnCA ibat 
hftd not bt'cn cultivated ui Dritain, iacludinj: 
' St- Jo>in'» Wort of OlYmpum.' The botnnista 
IIav, MnrlHon. luid Pluk<;net: acknowledge 
theiroblifpitioiiofor rarvplaalft recetvn) ^U 
Wh.-Wr (IMiLTKSBlf, Pi-ojfims 0/ Botany, L 
SHi.*}. At Smyrofl h« cnugbl ■ clianieleon, 
wJiioli hi- dcflcribed in d<*tail. 

VVheler returned t« Kn^lond in Novi-mlwr 
167«. On 1 Srjit,. 1HK2 h« received hni^l- 
bood. About 1 (M^ be took holy orders. In 16^ 
be received a canonry in Diirbiim Carhedrol, 
and frum KtSQ to 1702 was rtcar ofUasing' 
flti>ki», HauiMbire. In 170(i be was promoted 
to thu TvctMTvo! Winston, and in l(09totlie 
rectvry uf Houfililon-Ie-Siwing, both in the 
coiintyof Durhnni. Up died at Durham, after 
in abort iliuL'iiii.uti IG Jan. L7-3. buinir at that 
timcatii')!) and ri'Ctorof HrtU)rhton-li;-S]trinK. 
wheii! he founded and endowed a acbool for 
ffirU. He was buried in the gattlcxt of ]>ar> 
ham Onthedral. 

Wheler bequeathed bi» Ordek and l.atin 
nftnuseripti to Lincoln Collogv, and bin dried 
pliuit«, airan^d in four volumes, to the uni- 
Toraity of Oxford, to nrbieh in ld8S ho had 
prescnt<!dtbL^ miu-ble« and aDtimiiciea brought 
bv lii'ii from (}n-iK;i'. He left his coma 
(l^gltHb, (Ireek, and Itomaiil to tho dvan 
and chapter of l>iirh«iti. Ily bia will be ao- 
comt a pri^ vision for the minister officiatiiig 
at the clUpel in Spital FieldK, built in lt>».f, 
chiefly at big own ciqieniii*. This building, 
formerly known aa Wbeler Chapel, wns 
modermaod in 1842, and is now St. Marr's, 
Spltal 3(|iiarv. Wh'?li-r had coHoidenible 
propiTFly in ^pilal Fielda and W«elininst*r, 
and estates in Iltiuipehirv and Kent. In 
1093 hepiirchaMd tb« anciiuit erchiepiacopel 
pdaoA nt Charing. Kent. 

A.portmit of Whelw, engmved by Wil- 
liam Bromley from a jiaintinf:, U published 
in Surtces's ' Durham,' i- 171 ( swj Jug G^nt. 
Mag. 18S3, ii. lUM. Wh.>lrT married Grac«, 
daughter of Sir Thomas lii^irons [q. v.1 of 
Grewel, near Odiham, I Iamp>iliirc, and hud 
by her a fiunily of oigbteun children. 

Wheler puhliahed : 1. 'A Journey into 
Giv«!ee,' London, 10d2,ful.. with illu«tration«; 
FrttnrJi Irantdation, Am>iterdam, 1(189, 12mo. 
d. ' Account of Churches and I'lacce of An- 
mmbly of tho l'ritnitiv« Cbriatiana,' 1880. 
S. *Tbo Pmteetnnt Monoatcry: or Christian 
(£cunomick». containing Dirvctiotu for the 
B«lurious Conduct of a Family' [London', 



UIUKVIU.R WutLKK 11701-17701. tht 
third son of Sir ficiir^n ^Vhi-l'-r, l»om ia 
August 1701, was rector of Leake atid 
becSary of Southwell, Not tingbii til *hir.-. 
was elected t'.K.S. iu 17:fB,audaI hi« bua 
Otterden I'lace, near Cbarintf, Kent, urrii 
on many i;\pf<riment« in olactricity id C' 
junction with SUiwlwn (irav fij. v.1 Afl 
Gray'a deuh 0?'») Ij" puiliahed liis o 
obMrrattOo^ as to ihn nipiiUiv<^ iiower 
eleotrieitT) m iha • Pbilosopbical Tmi 
actions' tor 1739. He died in Slav 17 
and WM bnri^ in Oirrrdi-n chiircli. 
married, first, L&dj Catherine Mona, 'iajtrt 
ter of Thcophilus Unstingii, mivenlh ejirl 
Uuntingdou [q. v.^, and lunl by bur H-v«n 
children ; secondly, Mary, a daughter of Jidin 
Uore of L>3ndou. His library was sold in 
1771 (Nichols, Lit. Amvilot^, 'm. flH9>. 
(WhxUr'a JotuiMy iaio Oreece ; Henuir 
SirO«Drs*Wbdcr.lB2Df : SartMs'a Dmbsm. 
171 f. ; FmAct'b Alumni Oxou. : Oeat. Haff. 1833. 
1. 3!I7; Kod Moinoir of Granriile WhcW la 
Qent. Hsfi. 1J)J1, i. 3fi3 f.] W. W 

WHELER. KOBERT BELL (17 
1857), anttnuary.bom ml HtratlbrdKin-ATi 
on 1 Jan. l/8fi, woa son of Robert VihtJ 
(17-12-1S19), a solicitor of that town, 
mother wwi Kliaab^h Iy»dcr of Moon II, 
Ix>wer C^iitiitoD, Oloucetstenhire. Uisch 
tian namu was dcrired from bia 
Robert Hell, who belonged to an aU Wtt* 
ct^tershire I'umily. Kobi-rt Hfll Wheln was 
educated at Strutford, and was subseqneotly 
art.if^bvl to bia fallMd-. lip appears acarcety to 
bare left his native town, except wliea be 
wvnt to London for a month at the date of bii 
fonnal admiiwioa h« a solicitor. Ilepractiaed 
bis profession nt Stratford until bit- d>.-sih,iV' 
aiding continuously in a pleAsant old hmus 
(Avon Oof) 2}. pan- of a mauaion funasriv 
belonging to the Clopton familyt in Ol^ 
Town, ueor llic parish church. 

In youth he joiniKl the Klratfonl volttntetr 
eorm, and afterwards beeatne a lieuionuu 
and i|uttrttrrraasU'r in the 3rd regiment nf 
Warwickjtbirft militia, which vetn slattonod 
at Stratford under Colonel Sheldon. Sot 
hia main inlore^t through life was in Shake- 
spearean research and local topography. Ha 
had acarccly attaiaod bis najoritr whan im 
published hii lirvt book. * The History and 
Antiquities of Stratford-upon-Avon,' ^|^^J 
This accuruic and careful oonpiUtjy^^^^H 
mainsatilaiidiirdworkofniferancB. lliM^I^H 
platae illustrating the 'History' were ca- 
grared by K. Kginton of Birmuiifbam frnai 
W'^eler'a own flketchi'*. In I.S14 was pub- 
lished Wlieler's 'Guide to Stratford-i^oa- 
ATon,' a useful volume, which w«« repcinied 
in I860. AlLbougb iIm 'CJuiil«* ewJadi* 




Whelpdale 



447 



Wliethamstede 



dnciiniKmn, it cnntainii tanm informntmn on 
flom» points (lion the 'Histnrr,' WliMi-r'* 
In.«t p\jblicftti<in wiu* a Urpc qiiorto pamplilet, 
now MTj- «caiV4«, vntitlttl 'liiatoriL-al and 
Dwcriptivo At-coimt of llit- Birthplwe of 
Sh»ln-*['eu,re'(lS:J9>; it witsilliwfrntwl with 
iintiin and nine lithoffraplift by C F. Grecfi. 
Tim wuric ouuplius an itL-curntv nnd miout^ 
deNcription ol K!mht'*iiL-nn-'» birihplace as it 
BtDod in the btiginnm^ of the iiiiietii'iith 
cwnturv, Whi-ItT alwi (■nntributttl art i-cl ■-.'•, 
chiefly nil ShnkttftjH'art'an sulypcl*, t*> tha 
'OeDtletnan'A Majtaiin*'.' Hp wim « frii-ni) 
of Brilton, out hot- of thi? ■ Cm hMrnU of I'lig- 
laad,' and corrw^paiidcd wiih bim. 

Whelct di«d iintnarri^d on Ifi July ]8o", 
nod w-iiJ>b<iriL!db«aidvhti« fiithiTinthi: church- 
ya.nl r.f ijis imtivu town. 

Wh'-Ier lafl u quarto niito^mph maun- 
ftcript vdIihd^ of TolWlam-a dii Strslford.' 
This, tn^thur with n portion of lis libmry, 
hia colKiclion of local du»td9 mid oripiiuil 
docummita, coins, And otlicr rftiM IncnL and 
ShskeBMarean, iucludin^n gold si^nut-rmK 
belisvAd to have bc!onp-H to Shrtln-fiirare, 
were girt-n by his sistvr, Annu W'heler (I'Sit- 
1870), tolhi* tnistee«of Slinkt»warL''a Birth- 
pliUM, aud an dow locBtod in ihu Hirtli|j3ui;(i 
mUKuiti. J. (>. llnlliw^ll-E'billippn privately 
prinlud a hiLrul-l!!<t of Wliilirr's [loIU-ciium in 
IBtiH, with n biuj^nphicnl iin"fHi:M. 

[ Man iiac rip t Podignto, Mmmirinl Library, 
Stwtfunl-upiJH-ATiio; Uriof HniiddiBl of the 
CoUcoiious .... ft>rm*Ml by .... Robert Bsll 
W!ll^le^. 1863. with pivifiico by J. O. HidliWHll- 
Fliillipp; Nicholg*a LBte««t«r«hire ; Cotvile'a 
Wyrihieoof Wiirwiot8htr«[l8ao]; Naah'aWor- 
GcM«ntiir«; GmI(^btoo1t's Horatdry of WortMUr- 
ahtra, 1873; Worcesteraliira Uist. .Sw. l'itl-1 , 
HaUnguia'a Siirv«y of Worrwunhirc. 1803.) 

W. ». U. 

WHELPDALE, ItOnETt (rf. 1428), 
faisliop of (.'artiiile, wa.* liorn at or nojirflrcy- 
•tokein Cumljerland, and yrna (-itncat^d at 
Bsllial College, Oiford, of whUdi hn b(.'enra<i 
A fellow. In or beforp I40i hu wu? tdi-ct^d 
fellow of Qiitfca'a OoMcfrc, and in UU-J-fl 
occiira in tln! 'eoinpuliis' as junior bursar. 
In 1403 ho acrred aa senior proctor, and in 
1404 wii« fioniur bursar at Qiiieenfl: on 
16 April 171 that yl^a^ huwa* idi-cCed pnjvoct 
I Wood, CulUtfeii, fid. fiiitrh, p. 14fi), and on 
HO Ih-c. following was ordnini.'d pri>-st on I Im 
title of his ]>roTOirt«hip. In thi- o-iil'^fp- Irrnjj 
roll for £417-18 seventeen ^liiUingH aud 
eishtpmce ia entered im rxpendt^d by bim 
while proeecuting coll«^r<f buniHus,' b('fore t he 
qac:i'n's council. In 14:^0 hu became bishop 
of Cnrliolv, rc-cfivinr; buck hb> li-miiuriilit iiut 
on 17 March mid at»kiji;i hui pmit^Hion of 
obednnce in Augoet. He reaign'ed the pro- 



voatship of Queen'fi on 4 Feb. 14:10-1 
(Woon). "WTidlpdalM took no part in noli" 
lie*, and diod on 4 Feb. I42i*-;i at rflrUsli _ 
Place, London, three yenra after bis election," 
btinfr burifd in St, I^tul's Cutli<^m1. His 
will ^InttNi 26 Jan. \\->1-'.i t* at Lnnibeth 
(^ncbioliele P. 1). lie founded & chantry 
iu CarliElu Cathvdral for the suuk of Sir 
Thomn-t Kkellon and John (ilaaton, and b^ 
qiieathed 20/. to the scboUn of Oxford, and 
III Hnlliol Or>lli'}{t! libnir\' xiiinv tnaniiwripLa 
and bookH, induding St. .VuffiifitiiiH'ti 'D« 
Civitnle IJei,' and treatiw« bj- Himon of 
Toiininv [q, i-.]ftn<l olln>f», extant in Italliol 
Coll. AIS. ccs; to Cjueen's College ht; also 
made bequests of boolcB, VMtmeni<), and 10/. 
in mom-v. IjuskIm establiebing a fund of 
mi. 1.'U.'4^/. to be added tn by snbaeqituit 
benofactorB. 

lialn uftribiitcM tu Wbt-lpdalic Ibtt autltor^ 
Rhip of Tarioiia miithematicat and theoloirical 
n'wrks, A treiili«« ' !>■< Univwrwilihu*' i» 
f\ttMX in Hrit. .Mns. Roral MS. VI )txix.4, 
in llodleian MS. Ilnwiimou C. 877 f. M, and 
in the library of WonH-sfcr O-aihcdral; 
another, entitled 'Problema wupt-r primuia 
librum pofiteriomm,' ia rutant in Mugdalvne 
Collopi', Cauibridi^e, MM. 47. Otliers men- 
tioDttd by L»Esiid and Pale bav« not been 
t raced. 

[lofgrmation kiadly RuppH«d by the Prorost 
of QuMsn'a; B^irnard's Cat. MSS. Angliet; Oaxe'a 
Oal. MSS. in (.'oLI. AuIiMiu«< Oion.: Lfland'a 
Commenu ; Bala*s Kpliaitoe ia Horl. Mi^. SftSfl, 
and Dt Script!, ri. 21) : Fili<. p. A02: Fabriciua, 
Bibl. IjiI Mi'd. A'.r\, vi, 340 , TanniT- HiW. p. 
7*0; Goiiwin, Do {'nwdiUap. "1. llicbardsou ; 
Thoma* Ooodwin'n ftnign of lUrry V. 1703. p. 
3Aa; Wooda CqIUkr., rd. Uutch, pp. 86. 38, 
146. 140. U7. 1*9, 160. Ajip. p. 36; NiooltOQ 
and Bnm'n Cnnih«rlAnd, ti. 24P. '272. 343 : 
Huttliinton'.i CtiinberliMjil. ii. &2h-, Jcfirmon'n 
Cnriislo, laaS, pp. 202-3 ; L.- Nnfa'a Fasti Eccl, 
Angl. ed. Hiirdy, iii. 238. 460, 631!.] A. F. P. 

WHETENHALL. EDWARO fl6.%- 

17iy), bi'.liop of Kitmore. [^ee Wetbh- 
IIAIX.] 

WHETHAMSTEDE or B.3W(MTt, TOITN 

[d. UW). iibb'it of St. Albans, was non of 
flugh and MnTK&rnt Ito^tock.Aiid unpliewon 
hie mothcr'finidGuf John Whet bnmEtede, prior 
of TvTH-nniiith, ft r.-ll iif Si. .Alhnnx in 1401 
(' Ofita Abhatum, iii. 4h0). fie wft.i bom nt 
Wheetltainp<t4)ad, I l»Tlford«hire, whence his 
name appear* in l^arin an ' FnimfMitiiriu*,' or 
' de loco frutDentl.* Ilebecamen monkof Si. 
AlbanB after 1401. and )mor of i!ilouc««ttfr 
CuUe^, the houM of ihi,' »outlH>rn Heneclic- 
tines at Oxford, where nrobablv later ti« re- 
Dsived \ht dsgrae of D.D. On the promotion 




of Abbnt \\'illinm IlHTirorrh to th>? set.' of 
LidiSelcliit 14:^. Wh«lhnii]8ttidT>wai>«luc1«tl 
tbhot of ^r. AlhatiA, and receu'w) the t«rapo- 
nlitiee gn 30 Ocr. Beinj; nomiQiitwl by con- 
vocAtion tn ntt«n(l thn council of I'avin, nnd 
appointed proctor for the Enjilieh Uenedic- 
tinM, hf M>t out for Itnly in 1 V2S. und. rift<'r 
being di'Iiiyed by fevor at JJ aiiuc, itrri\ i^l at 
P&Tu, where h(t ilt_-ft'ndwl tha exempt •bb'-y» 
ininfll thi'itliK-ki^rKicliard Flrmiiiir.bidiup 
or Liticolti. ilavinii; fdllowed tb^ council tn 
Steua,hL-<ivent tliurwj toHome, vrheiv hufell 
ilBng«n>tii>lv ill. ()i) hi* raettvurj li** nblaimnl 
Bome privilf'ga- for bis abbey from Martin V. 
uatn wuot to Sitmn, nnO Koon rftunu'd 
tnenoR to England, reochinff fil, Albiuu on 
25 Feb. 14*4. 

\ diitptir>'betvcftn U'lifth<tni#te<]eani) the 
■rchbtsbop of Camerburv. Henry Cbicbele 
[q. r.], u'hoii)142-'>cIaimc^roinii:rfen>iiiftODit; 
mBtto.r»pcn»ininfr'otb*>«bbntVjurl«liction, 
ended in John'*' favour, lI(>held«BynodnlSt. 
Albanii in Hm, bofoW which hv cit«d some 
pvfiQDS auepecied of heresy, indict od p>.>uanu<t 
on oBA man, and caus^ an brrn^tical book to 
bu burnt. In 1427 liu was itntt'jred by a re- 
qu^iiL from t!]<> Krchhisboti miJ iinrlntita thmt 
he would cotnpofi(< a letter to be Acnt to 
ttm i>op« on bufanlf of the clurgy and laity. 
About ttiat time he waa (tnga^r^^ in tbreti 
la^'suit* in dsfcince of theclalnu of his boune, 
and nude some now orditiancra, institutiog 
the ofBctf of masiT of ibe work*, founding a 
common cb«9t, and directing that, wben need- 
ful, bulp sbould bu ei^1)n tu poor scholars and 
thH priors of the cpTU of thi? abbey. H«> wast 
deputod to nllend the council of Basle in 
l4ol , but w!i"thi<r bn did iu> dm-a not appear. 
Tn 1 133 III' voA involved in a tiviulilflmDe 
quarrel with tb« bisbopof Norwich, William 
Alnwick, on biJmlf of ihe prior of Rrnhnm, 
Norfolk, '.>ne of the St. Albans cells'. The 
dukes of Bedford and filouccrter intcroedod 
with tbi> Imliop in vaiu. and thv ctum wa« 
finally beard before the kioKs judgei and 
tha bsrons of lliu vxcbi-quDr, in the pri'simre 
of the archbi*hop« and bisbopn, in ibt* hall 
of the BlackMars, London, In support of 

IiiM prlTilH((eii llie itbhfit prrifiui.'ed u copv wf i 
his toundation charter, in which some wnrds , 
>t«!m to biive Ww-n inteqwluti^d t^iactly meet- 
injc the point in qncsiion. The rrsiilt of the 
(ml is not recorded, but the abbot considerwl 
that hf' hpid i)f(-n .tucCr'Affnl in it. and in the 
proTtwts that he mads in convocation a^iitiil 
thrt nppoitition to hix claims on the part of 
eome of the bishop*. He wa« al«o succws- 
ful in a suit urteinir out n[ an app<^ from 
tbe court of ih't archd'-acan of St. Albane ro 
th* papal court and l In- court of arcbi's ; the 
apptfUiint in tliia case baTing been excom- ' 




miinicali>dby tbe cardinal auditor, tlto abbot 
obtained n writ a^nHt him.nnd kept bim in 
bin prinon ontilheniade subraiuioQ ill 14-y>. 
He nail a long eiiit with ih*^ sbb"t "f Waat- 
rain.ir^r, which he susjiended in 1437 on ac- 
count of the dearth that was then preratling. 
WhfthamMrtic cniBrtain.>l many jfreal 
(teople at cbi? abbey, as iheyouoe Henry \'l 
and biAniolher in If'J'S; Qu««n Johnnni, thi 
widow of llcnry IV, hi* lenaat at Lan^Iey^ 
!b>> llukeand Ducbeaa of Bedford, who 
with a ret intte of Ihruo faundrcd peraona ; 
Karl and Couiili^Mt of Warwick, and otheiK. 
Among these Ilnmphrey.dukeuf GlouMWia 
Iq. \-,\ wn" a rnKiwrnt visitor, for tbt) abbot 
ehared the duke a tovrt of leamini;, Coand 
his frietKiUhip useful to him, and bvlpfd 
him to form hi# hmoaa library. Througk 
UIouceBter'a influence be obtained grants 
from the crown of aoreral fxtaii^ already 
frivcn tothc convent bygranti^ thatbadtwea 
annulled by tbe statute of moftmain. Re 
spent much in presentA to peraooa of rank 
and influence, and lo the transcription of 
bnrtks, and paid John Lydpatc [q. v.\ a monk 
of Bury, 3^. i\s. Sd. for tiiuiKlatnii.' tbv life of 
St. Allwn into Knplish \erfte,the whole oo* 
of the volutna, whidi be offered on tliff bi^ 
nltar of bis church, Iwiig 5/. He waa auo 
liberal to the Bcbolaiv of filoucefiter ColU-^. 
He caused the lady-chaiwt at Si. .Mhaox to 
be paiDtt^d, built a no w clinpel near t ht> shrine 
of St, AlbaD,and made dI her cntly additMOS 
and reatorationa in the church, built new 
chambers in tbe iDBnaary, and further iin- 
prurod the buildings of the convent both at 
St. Albana and on it« property vbcwheiv, 
and at TJloucester C-jIIcrv budt a new library, 
a small rbapel, and a -wall round tbe garden, 
which is beliered still to exist at WonrMtar 
Collcp! (KiLBt). On 26 Nov. 1440 he re- 
4i((ned the abbacy. The reasons ntli^ml for 
this step are that ho was sutlertnp from ill 
health ; ibat, buing of a nervou» t empetamrat, 
he fT>und hi* work and emLictica too mudi 
for him ; and that be was painfully bashfii] : 
hln rral rt;n)>on prolntbly Iwiug that be saw 
that The {tower of his friend and patron 
Qlouce«t«r was declining. A large prt 
vision was granted to him, and a home t 
the abbey was set apart for lum and hi 
houseliotd. A disput« arose between I: 
and bis successor, Jolui Stoke, as to this yM' 
vision, and was decided in bin favour br 
(_Houcc8ltir acting M arbitrator in 144J. Ife 
wax assisted in this ni&tter by his old o^ 
jHiDent, Alnwick, then bishop of Uncolu, and 
they becamti fncndti. Owing to ibU di»pui 
he resided, it is believed, chiefly at Wueai 
bampstead, only visitinti St. Albans 
eionally f Hubve). lie is also said la 





H^ I _ 



Whethamstede 449 



A\Tietstone 



boon prwented to the rectory of Little Cor- 
nard, iiaff<i\k, in 1446 (ii.) 

On tlic dentK of Stoko, ^VfacthRInst«le tru 
Tur tbo M!v»n<i lime »Wted abbot, on 17 Jan. 
H'")]. ami aftopltid tho elcctiuii. The f|fiXH) 
order irnd pruDptTity of the nbbey had de- 
cJinril undnT Stfike, aod Whelhamstedo at 
Qticu pnividud fur bd increaH: in tlio nuinUur 
of «-hotiirji, for tiHt.tpr tuition, and for mora 
frequent pn-acfaing. In 1452 ho applied for 
and rpceivttd Iftter* piiUmt., t'^tnmilinB' tin* 
kin^'» ^'neral pardon in bimfielf and tbf! 
convent. Thesccoiinlsoftht'gwiwMnl oIliciHl, 
William Wftllinirford, uflorwards nhhiii, wlui 
executed u number of the conventual oHicee, 
idiowed miinydL-bts, and it in n-«9ort<.'d in tlii- 
ngiat«rcompilodai^er\Vhflthamtcede'8d&«tb 
that the abbot, convicted bim of rtom fraud 
[see WAixiHSFonD, William]. Tbc abbot 
emismd Die accounts to U- rxgiiUtvd and the 
peeuniarj position ofthe hoiist' to he set rigbt, 
aodwaaaaactivoif'-nrtmUyinlhi^dikobargHof 
his duties on during his earlier tenure of omc«. 
Afl« tbe first battle of St. Albans, on 2l' May 
14^1^,110 obtained kavefrom lh<^ Dukeof Vnrlc 
tobuni'f>dniund D«aufort,dukoof Somerwl, 
llenry IVrcv. carl of Nortluiinbi'rUtd, and 
Thonuia.lorJ Clifford. IlenryVIspentliaHler 
in 14SM at tbe abb^y, and tbc abbot at his 
rvqnettt proridud thai lii» obit .ibould Ik: kt-pt. 
H» did not in that year pernonnUy attend 
parliamenl, on account of bodily infirmity. 
Uo tht: dvft-Bt of tliL- VorkiEts at St. Albun» 
on 17 I'Vb. 14(U. tbn nortbern army, tiiougb 
it did nut enttT tbt> ubbey.did ^roat darna^ 
to Uii< convi-illiifll pniiiiTty, »ml tin! abbot 
waji forr.flfl to nilir« i.o \Vh»?ntbump.''tead ft>r ii 
abort lim». nt:bt>rs of the cimvi-nt alim t.-m- 
poiarily wilbdrnwing. Hi" n-pn-j»iiiilfid tbo 
inipovi'rittbed ilat« of bis boura to Ed- 
ward IV, and on 3 Nov. ft'ceiTisd e charter 
vnlargiffg ili« abbot's temporal jurindiclion. 
Ht? died at a ;fn^at ai^ on 'JU Jan. 1 465, and 
was bnriijd in tliu villi vxiotiud lonibtbal b« 
had made for bimaelf in the abbey cburcii. 

Whelbsnutcde's chief works during tut 
tieivind ahbot^y wi-ri tbit building of the li- 
brary and rebuilding of tbe bakt>boue« of lb« 
abbi.-y. lie was leam«d,vnergetir, liberal, of 
bicfli ohararcer, and much ostcemnd. The 
allegation tbai he suddenly changed from n 
violent LBiicn>trian to a Yorkist (Haixah, 
Middle Age», 'in. 199) seema mistaken, lie 
waa pxibably always inclined to the Vorkidt 
aide, as inignl bi> oxpiicted from his former 
fricndiihip witli (i]oiiCf»ter([t[LKr}. Though 
be wafltKrrliapsloomiich given to litigation, 
ho lived at n timii ■pt'i'inlly inarkr'd by llti- 
pouRn^'.'w, ftnd it was hiii duty to defend the 
rights of bia bouGe. IhtnnK bin tin»l abbacy 
be wrote 'QratuiTium dc rtria tlluatribus,' in 

VOL, IX 



fourroltunes; 'PftlcArium Poat«nim;' a Re-] 
gi«t«r 10 the seventh year of hi* abbacy, with 
Tarions letters ; a book. ' Super Valenuin in 
Augiuilinum d<.' .'Vnchona; anolUvr cotu- 
mentarr, 'Super Polytralicum eL super Epi- 
etolas Petri Bk>!>eaB)B,' and a small book with 
n)t>tr«w and labt<^. Tho ' Cato Oloaoatua' 
and the two hooka of his own oompoBttlon 
which be presented to thn Duke of Qlouc4Vtcr 
werr doubtlcM the Mne aa the *Cfi.to Com- 
mentatiiH,' and two Toliimes of tbe 'Cini» 
narium' which Gloiiooater prvsentH to the 
univvreily of Oxford. Damaged copies of 
tbn^x partu of tbe ' (.iniuarium/ with lUumi- 
natione, arv in (he ftritiwh Muaaam, tbolint 

fart, (.'(iltoriiiui M8. Nero, U Ti. ; the aacond, 
!oi Ionian M.*'. Til). D. v.; and the fourth. 
Additional MS.i^tt764. Lnland saw a book of 
Whcihamstedfi'rt entitled ' I)e atu Temo 
Saaot«,'and tboiv are also attributed to bim 
book* called ' I'ropinarium,' • Pabulariam 
I'oeiarum,' and * Woverbtarium,' be«id«9^ 
others mentioned by Bale and I'itA. He wj 
biild in liigb repute ns a l>elter-writ«r ; HNitft| 
of his letters, wnich are verbose end flowcryi 
8Pa in the ' ChroniclBS of 8t. Albans Abbey 
(see below), and others of tittle imponuoce 
areinCottonianHS.CloudiusUt. itlBLaiin. 
verses, which be seems to have compo«ed on 
all occasions, are mere doggerel. 

[The events of Whet hamste Id's Unt abbacy 
arc revordcd in ths two roliimrs cnfillad J»* 
hnnnid ADiiiadeehiiin. Ann. dn Mun. ^. AHHiui, 
ed. Kilov (Kolls Mer.), which contain a St. 
Albon* {^bron. 1422-31, by an unknoirn author, 
Annaisof th« Abboy, 1421-10, alutosi eert^lM 
l>y AmnndMluun, and probably written tmd" ' 
Whclbjuniil^tls'M direction, and as appendix 
ibv Abbot's rapeiupsa, &0. The ssoond abbaeyia 
r«lat«<l in n book long knoim ae WhstbaaalMe^ 
Chron., of which n Itrge portion was printed 
IXwnio (sec hi« Prebee), along with Otti 
boamr's Chron. : it bu besD ediud by Bilej ii 
I{rsi.iln(;iuuruudaEnA.bbatQm(BollJi.'^r.),2i'ob 
and isa Re|ti«<UToonipil«d after Whnthasatede's 
dsath, probably from two of his Regitten (sot 
Introd.); Dugdale's Mooastioon. i). 1B9-304 : 
N«w«oiiie*s 8t, Albans, pp. 307-»2. 344-99 ; 
Anstey's Mun. Acad, pp- 769. 772 (HoU. Sar.);_ 
Wartoo'n Hist, of Engl. T'oetrv-, iii, 4», 60. U, 
od. IlMlilt; Lebind. IJ* ScripIL pp. 437-8j 
Bale's .tcriptt. cent. viit. 3 ; Pits, De Angl. Script 

p-esi.i W. H. 

WHETSTONE, GEORGE (IW4 P- 
IBSTF). author, was relalwl to a wealthy 
family of Wheldtooe, which owned in the 
sixtef nth century the manor of \\'«lw>l in 
the parish of Itcrnnck, near ^tatsford in Lin- 
colnKhim (Wood, AthcHa, ii. 437). He 
seems to have been a native of London and 
third 80D of Robert WbeMUne, wbo owntd 



Whetstone 



450 



Whetstone 



L 



aii3n'>iiwntoa11ad'TliaTlirf4'}ildit].\nchont' 
in Wefltcliaap, and liv» me*iuiig«'ji in Gutter 
Lnnc>. His mothifTWKa ^^«^^n.■t,aut«^llnd 
rrihrirwM "f FmiicU Bt-rnanl of Sull'rtllt. 
The father, Robert \\niolAtonP, lUf d in l-VJ", 
le»Tingfivc8on«: Itnbcrt (iip-d 17).BMn(ird, 
Ow>rgp, FrAnci^, nrifl John (Flt'frrKR, ///iw- 
tratiiiiuQf Shaktgpeart, i. 'i2i^. The secgnd 
son, Bernard, who, like Iu» hmther* Itobert 
nod Fruicis, wan udmitled student of Qnj'a 
luu. TTosfalLtT of Sir Bernard Whelstooe of 
Woodf'jrd, K**('x {tmtatitm 'ifEttfs, KS34, 
pp. .V20, C17 : MoB-iwT, BuAi, i. 38). 

The author, who wub npparvntly bomabout 
lf)44, clikimtMi kinihip wilh William I'1<«l- 
wood, recorder of London {Pnmo» and Cat- 
xwnrfra, 1.^7(*, d'^linitioii). A« « vuiinKrann 
hi^ tried hid fnmme at cnurt. lie n^nnin to 
hiivv liauriivd i^ml)Unf[ faousM andbrothvU, 
nnd diuiparad his patrimony by rpcltW« 
liring. lie siilMenuenlly devotra mnch 
enmr; to denunciatioits of the d«pr«Tity of 
London, and doctAn^l that bo waif fraiidii- 
lently deprived of hi» property. For three | 
years or more he conducted a costly lawsuit i 
sxaintit those whom ho ch&r^'d with n^bbinff I 
him of hifl pMseasioiui, but'he f^aineil little ' 
bayondUi«MUafacti(mofkQuwinfl;lhat'fou» 
notable OOUUtier!), the inHlnuncnt'w nf hit 
|ftva(«at troubles ... in tlie prime of their 
n]i«ehierr)U!ti.'nterpnite!i, with »oudiiine d(iiith 
and V''xatI(m,wt:(rVBtrnmgelicri«t«d'(ffocA:e 
1/ h'tjardf, I">76, ail fin.; Tou^itonr /vr the 
Tmr. I.V14, ad fin.) 

When be wan nearly orerwhulmcd by hiii 
nniLietifLO, ho loft Rnfrland for France. .\fti*r- 
wnrd* he milt-red th« army, apparently }oin- 
'ing in 1^7:2 aii Kii^lifh rrgimi.tnt nn activie 
)<i'rvic> iu tbe Low Countries agninfit Spain. 
He tield an oflicer'n commiMion. In IIol- 
]and be seetDK to have nudi? thcarquaintancc 
(if(ii'nrjri:-CJn8CoijinettndThomaaChurchyard, 
who had paMod at home throuf^h estwrioneci 
resembling bin own. He di»linguis!ied biin- 
aelf in ihv: ftcid and was awarded additional 
pay, but he n^tuniud to London in ir>r4 with- 
out prvwpecU ofpforaotion or un'iuiii nfiiHp* 
port. He 80Uf;hL lieln fmm his kinsmen, but 
thoy proved tiijtjjpirdly. .\» a laul Tuenrt he I 
followo<3 theesatcplenf hisfHendflOaACoif^C | 
anilObMrt-hyHrd,and turned for a livelihood ■ 
tolilurature. Tie n'ad thii romances of France 
and liaty nnd summarised them in Kajjlish ; 
verge nnd pro-v^ and he endeavoured to 
iit.tnici Hie attenuon of men and women of : 
inHuenpe nt court by addressing to I hem 
pwliifponeffyrics. Ho first nppeur»d in print 
as author of lines ' in praise of (Iiwcoign*! 
and his po.*io*,' whtch werB profiled to (iim- 
foijjn.-'jt ' Flower*,' ^'>~t^. Tn l'i7(3 he col- 
1 ected his varied lileniry efforta into 4 TOlnme ; 



ItU , 



which be entitled the ' l^xrke of 
divided into fonre porta. The flt«t, 

Caatltt of Delighl The aeoond, 

Oanlen of L'nlhriflinp.tse. . . . The t 
the Arlwur of Vertue. Tho fourth, 
Orti-hanl nf llnpenlano- : wherein are 
couned tlie miseries that fbllowe dicing. 
muwhii5(e« of guarrcUin);, tbo fall of \ _ 
fpilitio . . .' iljondon, for K. Waley, 1576. 
4to). The firei part is dedicated to' all tU 
yoiinx prntlemt'n of I'.nfrland' from the ~ 
thorV lodiifinff in Holbom under date 10 _ 
1576. The third part.waa dedicate to .laa? 
Sibilla,daiightur of iMtdOny dc Wilton, and 
tht) but part lo Sir ThoniaaCecil. Tbewpa- 
rate {necos number sisty-eight in all ; BtoN 
of ihem am talen in venw ur proaa dr&wn Cmiii 
tbe Italian, but there are naaeroua occMioBal 
poi.>ms addre«»vd to friends, and the la«t aao- 
tion narrates trader rlctiliou* namAS WheU 
jitone'n inifleringfi at the handii of his raraues 
(cf. Bltrn«t». (><Mi(i-o I.itemria, 1607, v. 
1-13). An impcrfi-ct copy nf the rare volume 
is in the ItriliRh Mu«fnni, A reprint waa 
iaiucd by J. P. Collier in 1870. 

In 1677 Wb(rt»ton« iuviti.'O (taacoigne to 
join him on a visit to hia IriendA near Stam- 
ford, and GueoiRDe dii.>d on Oct. 1C>7 
while he wa* Whei slone's gue«t. W 
stone otimmemorated tbe ead i!|naodo t 
volume of verse (in oix-line MtAtizaa) 
the titli) ' A Itemembntuna: of tbe wel 

E loved life and godly end of Ge<OT]^G 
oipne, Esquire. Tbe report of Geor. 
rtons, geot, an eyo wiloe* of hia godly 
charilablo end in this world. Imprinted 
London in Edward Arks^' [1-0/71 'I'ha 
only copy known ia in the Malone coll 
at the ItofUeian Lihmn-. It waa repnal 
in Obalmsms'KnsliBh' Poets," 1810, li.**" 
406; mparately at Rri^rtol in 1(>I5; 
OaHCo'igne'a 'Princely Pleaaure*,' Iy>nd 
^r^iX ; and in Arbcr's repriobsof GMOoig 
works in IB08. 

In lo77 same varaea l^ Whetstone 
facL'd Kendall's ' Floivroe of Epigram . . . 
Next year be contribute<i a poem called 
' TwentT Good Precepts ' to a new edition of 
I'MwanlsV ' PandtS9 of Painty Devicx*.' 
(he HAme time he essayed a more amMtinl 
form of literature. lie wrote a play entitl* 
'The riRht <-TMIent and famouBllifltorre* 
Promns and Ca&iandra : devided into 
Commicall Iiisconrsee,' l»ndon by 1!. Jb<i 
\^7i (a copy \a in tbe llritii'b MuMumi 
was reprinted in .NicboU'ii 'Six (JId llaj 
1779, and in * Shnkespeare's Libraiy,' «dil 
by Collier and Hwlitt, 187&, II. ii. 801- 
;i&4). The plav is in two partK, each of In 
acts, and t» tliroufrbout in rhymed vw»e, 
with songs intenpened ; the stoij is dni 



Whetstone 



45 « 



Whetstone 



from Qiraldi Cinlhio'* ' Hocstommithi,' ud 

closely re.sitinblfiit l)ie plot af ShnlteRpcflre's 
'MBasiire for Meuure.' WTietstone n un- 
wieldy piny WAS nvver acted. He flodiwitcd 
it, when it w«« printed, to his ' woreliipful 
friend and kinamnn ^^'illiILm Flpctwood, Ko- 
Cordor of Loudou.' WIi«l*toiie there ofrurv-ii 
inCerMtinff commcnia on th* conMmporiiry 
drama of Kuropu,C€miiniL2 thcKiigliuidl'l^ 
mMUtii for bfiiung tlieir pIntA on 'imponai- 
bilitiea.' 

Buf litwTttura prOTcd Bii uiiwrlniii mi]»- 
pon-andWhctfltonc again atjuglitadventures 
abroad. Up wu»i, as iJit" printer •>xpinias in 
ft nolo to the Ti>AJ>p,nn»bIeto»c* hi.* play of 
'I'romo!)' tlirougb the preafl,owin^' to hi» re- 
wive to nccompany SirTIumplin^Oitbart on 
bi« Toy«^ to Nuwrouiullaiid. lie left l>art' 
inoulb wirli Qilbert'a eipedition on ^3 Sept. 
167^. And 111) rptumi-d to Plymouth in Msy 
1679. Til" ("xjMtditioii provM diMalrmiii to 
»1I concerned. In 1 r»i*() WTietctDtH- riailiid 
Italy wiUi II i^ntlKmikri of I'icnrdv nitmrd 
I>obarrniid«nrithi'r!",nglisl\ninii, and Ht Turin 
b? cbollenifpd n Spuninrd who insulted liis 
CiiiintrT, hut till; SpAtiiiird dUiippmin-d wiili- 
out flautinff (7'A# IIonounM'- ittputation of 
afytaitr, lo&.">, epiitt'' dodicatory). 

fieiUiag oaci! more In K upland, Whetstone 
pablisbed in 1582 a coIWtinn of nmse m- 
nanoM, which 111) naiDdd aft crthcwolMfiiowii 
volume by tlie Qtioun uf Nnvnrrw, ' An 
Ileptameron of Ciuill Uiscouraea. Con- 
taining tbt' Cbristinassa Exercisu uf Siiudrio 
wirll rourti-»l (leullfmen and (Ji'iitliiwomen. 
Id whose behaulotira the better sort may see 
» rriino«ptBtion of their own virtiiiw. And 
thelnferiour mav Wrne mch Uul<>^ of Cluil 
OoTermet >a will rase out the Bleminh of 
thffir buenvaec. Whirein is licn'vwnod tho 
Vertaen of a moHt honourable and bmve 
raynded nmtlcman' (London, p^int(^d hv 
Richftrdi Jones, 3 l-Vb, IVW, 4to. b. t. ; Hrit. 
Hoa. and Jlulh Ubntries). U ws.* dedi- 
cated to Sir Cbrifltoplior llaltuu. Whi>lj>lou« 
write*: ' What-*oi'vtirUpmi.*<?wrtrtiiy in this 
Booke belontreth to j^epiior I'liyloxenua and 
his Goiirlly (nviiiiri-r*-' Rt ' Srgninr I'hylox- 
enuB* Whot^irtnp appan^ntly mi*ant Giraldi 
Cinthio, from whose 'Hecatommithi' many 
ftf tV rtorics in tbo vobimc *f.!ini dorivwl, 
TbQ book b divided, sftcr the manner of 
Italian nOTeli^M), into ncvcn 'dnvft' and one 
'night.' la the ' Fourth Vnyv* KxvT&^i' ik 
oiTcn (from Ointhio) 'The rare Hislnri*? of 
ProiDoe and CasiuLndru reported hy f t<iib<!llD.' 
fTinthio'n tale bad already furni«Ii>tl Wh'-t- 
Atone witb the plot of his nlay of ths Mine 
name, irisprow wj wyllaslii!' dmmalic ren- 
derinff of tin' talc was doiihtliM* familiar Co 

tlce^[>cllre, who based on it his play of 



'Maaanrffor U«unini.' Wh»t«ton«*«i 
Teruon ia reprinted in Collier and Haslit 
' 8biLkeppearv-'a l.iSrarv/ i. iii, loS-(W, and 
in TaBfli^U's Nfttinn(irLihru.ry (l^^), Hi- 
thard Jones, the publiiher, reissued Whet- 
stone's 'Huptamcron' in 16d!l oa 'Aurclia, 
the Pangon of I'leaaim and I^inoelv DiS' 
lights, br Q. W., genl.' 

In lw4 WhetatODO abandonvd ima^ 
tiveUt«ratur(>andpmdiirediineliibora.t«proM^ 
Ireatiso rvprabaling the vices that prorailod 
among Ihi.t ^oun^ men of London. The title 
ran: 'A Mirour for Magemratw of Oyties. 
Itc^reseatiog the Ordinaunces, Policies, and 
Diligence of the Noble Kraperour, Alexander 
(sumamed) Sevenis to auppresse and ohos- 
ti«e the noboriouA Vtcc« nooriahed in Itoua 
by the superfluous nomb«r of Dicing-housas, 
TaTamB, and common Stewea: aaltnd and 
clideriahed by his buatttlyu PrvdcceeMiur, 
IlelyogHhalua' (London, by H. Joiictx, 1&84>, 
4to). A new title-page introduced *Aa 
addition or a Touolwlonw fi.ir thu Time/ 
whinb gnve a ven- detailed ru!coiint of the 
diKn-pulable iupiKt« of London life. The 
bonk wtt8 dedicated to Rir l']dw«rd Os- 
borne, the lord mayor, and there was a sub- 
sidiary address to ' OenilemDn of the Innea 
of Court.' The book was rcJunod by the 
publisher Jonea in |.56ti, under the new 
liik', 'The Knuntie to Unthryftin«(»: pub- 
lii^hing by Lawea, Uocuments, and Dis^i 
plineaa Right Rule for rieformotionofPridajj 
and other I'rodi gall and Kiotoua Diaorde 
in a Oommon wpoltb.' Coplea of both iasii 
are in tht- British Museum. At the I 
of the litlivpago of the M^cond iss»« tl 
printer insiaried n list of Whelatone'H pre- 
vioimly prinli'd wivrkt — ten in nil — together 
with thu title.s of t.hre^' ' hooheK nsly to ba 
printed," vii, ' A Panoplie of DeTioee,' 'Ti " 
English Mirrour/ and ■ The Imago of '~~ 
tifitL Justice.' The first and the third of theadi 
are not othr/rwiae known in connection witltl 
Whettioue. 

In IJiSiV Whetfttone temporarily resumed 
his military cartier, and auL-ompanted tl 
Hnglinh forewt I'l llollntiil. Hn w«* pn-dcnt' 
at the battle of Zutiihen, where Sir Philip 
Sidney recuivwl his "ilal wound on 13 Sept, 
iri8li. 1 1 in active interest in military atfaini 
was visible in the new book published b;r" 
him in lofWi under thr tit!i> of 'Thchonoi^ 
ftble Kitputation of a Souldior. With a 
Moralt U«port, of the Vcrtnes, (Offices, and 
(hy nhuHu) ihi- IK^acL- of his prufrwtian' 
( liondon, by Richard Jones, 1W15, 4to). 
The title-psfo hofl R fanciful woodcut of a] 
^dier in urnioiir. Th«» Imok, which con- 
sists of ani'^-dotRs of military -(erviwi drawn 
from classical; writers, was dedicated to Sir 
^ 2 



Whetstone 



45» 



Whetstone 



William RiumIL It WW traiuUted into 
Dutch, doubtless while WbeUtoae wu in 
liolland.&nd wu priht^'dinborh Oiitcli M\i 
Eoglisb \a narallt>l columns at Leyd«u ia 
16tU ; chiti edition has an appeadix addntsseil 
to Duuh Bludonu on the proaunctation of 
Engliab. The book, Whetatone t«Ux us, 
wu ' A membur or amull panw) ' of a mora 
ambitiuuK {KililinI triMtiBi- which h« had 
written Bome time l»rf>re hut had not yel 
piiblixii'^d. Thfiuipublishvd trPBtispnppwirwd 
in IWlt-witlithc fftiitfwtin title: 'ThcKngliah 
Mvrror. A Itegsn) wherein bI estates may 
benold the Coiiquwf.* ot Rnvy ' i I<od<Imi, by 
J, WinJet fort'. Seton, b. 1. 4lo; two cojnes 
in Urit, Mua,) Tberr< wn« a (ledicAtion to 
Qaeen Kliiabetb, and an oddnsa to the 
• Bi>biUfi6 of this Bouriahiny realm.' Now 
title-pfu^ inlrad ii'C« second and third part«, 
culk-J Pi-^puctivtfly ' KnTjr coniiuered by 
■verlue, publiHliing; the bl^sinffs of ptace. the 
iscourgv of trailorK, the elory ot (Jue'.n Kliza- 
betha peaceable victoriva,' (lud ' A forlrcAM 
BgainM Env^.* TLe first diTtiioo of tbe work 
tnata of raiiKwlbuMOtu incidoot* in toniaa 
hUtory. the necond divtaion rnuts of tiif; 
reit^ns of the Tiidont in Entjland and supplies 
much intt'rwtin^ detail ri-*poctinff recent 
ccnipiracies at^amst iLluabt'lh'a rule; the 
thira division diM^unscx tho duCiM of rulen 
and 'h« functioiifi pfrforuii'd in a well-ro^pi- 
latod Htate by the nobglity, the fli^rgy, the 
yoomanry, and ollicera of notice. 

MMuiwhiii^ Whi^tstonc had from tim« to 
time compnmd bLogmphical <)1e^i«fl in retvo 
on distlnguinlied men of the day, puniuinf; 
the plan that he Inwi adopti'd when com- 
memorating the iWth of bin friend (ra«- 
coigne. He boasted thnt SBVcral 'worthv 
portK>iiii^<H, which in my time am duceaseij, 
have had the second life of their vermes 
brutod by my ^luse ' (,Ensfii»h Murror, 
iri8n, bk. iii. ded.) In I<170 tlii-n> ap- 
peared bis * Itnmembrance of thn wnorthic 
and well imploy>-'d tiftt of ^ir Nich. Bacon, 
liord-Keeper' (London, 4to; d<'dicAt4>d to 
Cfilbert Oernird, attorney-general). In 1083 
Wh«it«tonc isAuod two work» of the kind, 
namely : ' A itcmembmunce of Str James 
Uier ' ( London, 4to ). ttedirnted \o Sir Tho- 
mim Bromley, lord cbunotillor : and ' A Ro- 
m«mbraunce of the Life, Death, and Verlue* 
of . . . Thomas, Erie of Sttssex ' (London, 
4U>) dwdicalwl to Henry RadclilTK, pari of 
.Sussex. In IfiftR (here followed 'A mirror 
of Treue llonnourand Chrintian Notnlitie: 
exposing the life and death and rh^rine ver- 
tuea of . . . Francis, Earl of Bedford ' (Lon- 
don. I6H6, 4to|. Whftstijnc's final contri- 
biittou to elegiac lit^mtum wsk on inter- 
anting bio^pay in verse of Sir Philip Sid- 



ney. This was entitled * Sir Philip 
his bonourable life, his valiant death and t 
•veriuM* (I.V*(> 7, 4t--.); it wu dedicated 
Ambroae Dudley, earl of Warwick. A 
script eopv is in the Public ItrcAnl Ofiee 
(pal. State Paper*. l>om. 1581-90, p. 387>. 
wbutstone's poemH on Uticon, Hycr. Suuex, 
and Sidney wun- urivatvly n.<prinlt.-d bv Sir 
AlexanderBoawellaL the Atiubinleck J'reM 
in 1816 in a volume entitled ' Frondae Ca- 
duca».' The povm on the I'^rl of Bedfonl 
was reprinted in Park's * Ilelicnnia ' (roL ii.) 

In 1587 Wbetetone published the latert 
Tolnme that hns been act In his rr-dit. It. 
was a prosaic statement of the uUences and 
punishments of Anthony Babinf^lon and his 
it)IIowconapirator«, narrated in the form ofa 
cnnreraation, in which three persons — 
' Walkcr.a eodltedevinu,' ' WtMtou.adJfcrect 
gentleman, and ' Wiloocka, a substantial 
clothier' — ^tookpart. Tbe book bore the title, 
' The CetuOTV ot a loyall Subi<.-ct : I'pou Cer- 
taine noted apeadi and beiiaviours nf those 
foiirteene notable Traitors, at the place ot 
theirexeciitionSithexxand xxi of September 
lost pnat. Wherein is handled matter of ne- 
cessaryeinstructi'm foralldatifuUSubjnrtes, 
onpecially tlk> multitade of ignorant people ' 
(London, by Uicbarde Jooes, IW7, 4U>, 
black letter). It wa» dedicot^-d to I<oro 
Uur^hley, and was lirst issued before the ex^ 
CtitiOH of Mary Quuen of Scots on H Feb. 
1586-7. A reissue appeared after her eie- 
ention, with a prnfatorv note bv Whet- 
stones friend Tiinmas Cbnrohyarcf, statin; 
that Whet«tone was in the rountrr. Conies 
of both issues belong to Mr. niith. The 
wcond only is in the British >Iuseum, and 
of thnt two oopie« are there. This was re- 
printed bv J. P. Collier in his ' lUuitratinns 
of Knrlv l^nf;lish Popular Literature ' in \^BS 
(vol i. No. 9). 

Whetstone is not known to have returned 
to Ijondoa after the api>earBnce of the aeoend 
edition of hii< * CvnitiirH of a Loyall Subii^'t ' 
in 1A87, and it may be assumed that hs 
died eooD after it came from the pre«». 

Whetstone's works are rnide prodoeti< 
and are interesting only to I he nietorisn 
liter&turcandlbc biblio^aplier. Heachiitvisl 
soao reputation in bis dav. Webbe, in hi* 
' IKseourse of English I'oels,' I68ti (p. 36); 
writes of him as ■ 'gentleman [who waij 
worthy, tf bee liave[it] not already, to wean 
the Lnwrell wreathe ; [he lal a man einpi- 
larly well tkyled, in this fn.-ulty of Poe- 
trie.' >ren>A. In his * Palladis TaiaU* 
(ISSiS), unintellisibly nnmex him among 
those who are the rao*t pa<«ionate pot>ta 
' among us to bewail and bemoone the psr* 
plexities of lore.' A later critic, & 



t h^i 




Whetstone 



453 



Whetstone 



Steevens, speaks of him as ' the most quaint 
and contemptible writer, both in prose and 
verse, he ever met with' (Bebkxnhout, 
Biogr. Uterar. p. 388). 

[Collier's Bibliographical Catalogue, ii. S04- 
fill.and Poetical DecameroD ; Corser's Collec- 
tanea Anglo-Foetica, xi. 382-92 ; Brydgee and 
Park's Heliconia, Tol. ii.] 8. L. 



WHETSTONE, Sib WILLIAM {d. 
1711), rear-admiral, was probably son of 
John Whetstone, who in 1656 was master 
of the Swift«ure, fla^hip of (Sir) William 
Penn in the expedition against Jamaica. 
On 30 July 1689, from which date he took 
post, he was appointed captain of the hired 
ship Europa, employed during the next two 
years in convoying victuallers for the army 
m Ireland. In the autumn of 169Si he com- 
manded the Crown, and in July 1693 was 
appointed by the joint admirals to the York 
of sixty guns. In July 1696 he was ap- 
pointed to the Dreadnought, which he com- 
manded on the Newfoundland station and 
in the Channel till July 1699, when the ship 
was paid off. In February 1700-1 he was 
appointed to the Yarmoutn, from which, in 
the following June, he was moved to the 
York, to command a squadron going out to 
Jamuca, and with the local rank of rear- 
admiral. The detailed history of the York 
is a curious comment on the state of the 
navy at that period. In going from St. 
Helens in July, this newly commissioned 
ship sprung her mainmast oadly, and had 
to put into Plymouth, where it was found 
necessary to get a new mainmast. She did 
not sail from Plymouth till 14 Sept., when 
she went to Kinsale. She stayed there till 
the end of October, and on 12 Nov. was 
back at Plymouth, having carried away her 
foremast and bowsprit. On 21 Dec. she 
sailed for Cork, and having sustained some 
more damage on the way, was surveyed at 
Cork and pronounced unfit to go to the 
West Indies. In February 1701-2 Whet- 
stone moved into the Canterbury, and finally 
Bailed from Cork on 14 March. In May he 
joined Vice-admiral John Benbow [q. v.] at 
l*ort Royal. In July he was left by Ben- 
bow to command at Jamaica, while he him- 
self went over to the mainland to look for a 
French squadron that had been reported in 
that neignbourhood. When the squadron 
returned to Port Royal Whetstone was pre- 
sident of the court-martials which tried the 
several captains who had shamefully con- 
spired agamst their admiral [see Ktrkbt, 
KtCHARD] ; on the death of Benoow oa 4 Nov. 
17(B, Whetatonesucceeded to the command, 
'which he held till the following June, being 



then superseded by Yice-admiralJohQ Qny- 
don [q.v.], with whom he returned to Eng- 
land in October. 

Id January 1703-4, to mark his approval 
of Whetstone's conduct while having tem- 
porary rank, and at the same time to separate 
him from the charges a^inst Graydon, 
Prince Oeoi^ promoted him to be rear- 
admiral of the blue, over the heads of other 
captains, his seniors, and especially of Sir 
James Wtshart [q, v.] Sir George Rooke, 
with whom Wishart was then serving, took 
the matter up very warmly, and tt was 
eventually settled hy promoting Wishart 
and auteaating his commission. In March 
1703-4 Whetstone had command of a 
squadron in the Channel ; on 18 Jan. 1704-6 
he was promoted to be rear-admiral of the 
white ; on 17 Feb. he was appointed com- 
mander-in-chief in the West Indies, and on 
22 Feb. he was knighted. With his Sag on 
board the Montagu he arrived at Jamaica in 
the middle of May. The smaller vessels 
under his command made several valuable 
prites ; but the strength of his squadron was 
msufBcient to permit htm to attack any of 
the Spanish settlements, and to an invita- 
tion to declare in favour of King Charles, 
the governor of Cartagena replied that 'he 
kuew no sovereign but King Philip.' In 
December 1706 T^ hetstone returned to Eng- 
land. 

In May 1707 he was appointed to com- 
mand a squadron ofi* Dunkirk, with special 
instructions to look out for that very active 
corsair, M. de Forbin. In June he had fur- 
ther orders to convoy the trade for the 
White Sea aa far as the Shetland Islands. 
This he did in force, and did not part com- 
pany with the merchant ships till they were 
well post the Shetlands. Two days after- 
wards Forbin fell in with them and captured 
fifteen. Whetstone had even exceeded his 
orders, which were clearly insufficient 
against such an enemy as Forbin ; but as it 
was necessary to sacrifice somebody to the 
popular indignation, it was more convenient 
to sacrifice Whetstone than the lord high 
admiral or his council. Whetstone was 
accordingly superseded from his command, 
and was not employed again. He seems to 
have died in the spring of 1711. On 7 May 
1711 letters of administration were granted 
to his widow, Maria Whetstone. He is 
therein described as ' of Bristol.' 

[Chamock's Biogr. NaT. ii. 290 ; Jonmal of 
Sir Oeor^ Boole ( Navy Records Soc), p. 258 ; 
Burchett's TransBctioosat Sea, p. 697 ; Lediaid's 
Navul History, p. 824 ; Memoires du Comte de 
Forbin, ii. 240 ; official letters, appointments, 
&c., In the Fnblio Becord Office.] J. K. L, 




Whewell 



454 



Whewell 



WHEWELL, WILLIAM tU94-l»6e), 
master of TrinitT Coltfffo, Cambrtd^, bom 
in Brock Stiwt, Liin(Mist«?r, on 24 May 1 701 , 
was elde«t of tlit? seven childreji of Joba 
Whewell, tBUt«r-CAriw>ntcr, bv bi£ wifo 
Elisabeib (Uetmisoii). or WillininV Ibrvo 
beotbere, two ili«tl in infaucv, wbile tbe tbird 
lived ju«t lung enouffb (1803- 1 91 i) to nhow 
prurobe, Ileha(ilbre«i>i»l«rR : KUmbetb,wbo 
died unmurriL-d in 1^21 ; MnrthOf vlio mur- 
ri«d Lbv Hev, Ji(:iii>i> Stiitt4-r, uid di«d in 1603, 
when h«r brother pnvau>ly printed Bomt at 
hvT Tenvf, with H prefatory uotic**; and 
Ann, who marri.^ William Newton and 
died in li*"9, ^\ illiam waa sent voiy youne 
to thr! * Itlue Schrwl ' in Lancaster. Jo«eph 
itowk-y, master of tbe grammar Bcbool, 
bappeninff to talk to Wiliiuiii,w(ts struck by 
bia abiliti<^». and ollerml Vj U-ui-b bim fm^ly 
at the grammar scbool. I'lie futb'.-r, who bod 
intended to tjiprentice his md to him»elf, 
oonwDted after totac b^niutiou. Kiclinrd 
t>wen tbfi naturalist was sont to tbe anme 
scbiral at the nRo of fix (ISIO), and gmrt' hie 
ntcolt<!rtion» of Wbowxl) to Mr«. Stair 
IMuelaE m/e of WkewfU, p. Z). According 
to this account. Wbirwell, b * (all, uoffainly 
youtV was hnrailiatf^l by being sent to 
Owmi to learn tbe meaniiig of the myaterioua 
■word ' rij!,' Tlic two forint-d, Niys Owen, a 
lasting &iendsbip from chut time. Wbuwell, 
howe:Ter,uade so rapid a bound upwnrcN that 
Ilia ■ehooKetlowa bad to take forcible mva- 
oiirMtOprm'^nlbini from TiiiiittiKtliii»tiLiidard 
t^ ISBtKins. A seiuie of fair play prevented 
mom than two to|retb«r from att^mptinfr to 
'tralton'bim into decent idlimc^, and ibe 
fat« of the first pair did not encourage a 
Hoond KBflaiilt, The datca sui^ftnat some in- 
accuracy. In IBOy. before Owen came to iliB 
tcbool. Vrliowcll had bwn examined by a 
Mr. Uod«Dii, tulor of Trinity CulleKti, Cam- 
brid^ who prophesied tiiat be would bn 
among tbo fint f\x wran^^ters. He con- 
sequently muvwl in 1810 (o thu gmminai- 
flobool at HeTfirshnm, whcrp there was an ex- 
biUlion to Trinity, uorth ubout 60/. a year. 
Xoparifdiionerof Ht'vtr.iliam having apnli^td, 
Wbowell obtained the exhibition in 181 1 on 
condition of passing t wo ri^rs at thu school. 
After Roing to Cambridge in 1811 to bo 
OBterra, bft returned to spend another vear 
at Hevcntbam. Hit aleo took chai^ orthu 
ocbool during a vscaiii^y of Lhn nuut«rsltip. 
Ue htttl oome l(it>aoua from John Oough 
(1767-1825) [q. v.] of Kendal, the fjunou* 
blind matbematidan. reading' conic aectinna, 
fluximui, and nii?oJianic«.' lo Octob^'r 'Itili! 
ho wont up to farnhndgo. Ifi» heitlth, 
which had been delicate, became strong, Ue 
»et to work vigoroiuly at the studies and 



amiueneota of the place. Bo modu bivads 
with John FredwricK William H«n>chi'l, th»J 
ni'nior ■wrnngltr of 1^13, and otbpr younjrj 
men of academical distinction. Ht did wefl] 
in collcgi- t-iaminations, won a 'd^^clamation^ 
priio' in ISl-i by an essay upon Brutus and ' 
Cieoar, and in 1814 won thr c1ianc<-llor^a ^'^ ' 
lisli medal by a [Hteta upon Itosdicea. Hit 
friends expected him to be senior wrangler 
in 161 6, but he woj^ bMton hy I-^ward Jacob , 
[»BH iindfr J*COn, WtllJAMj. At that lima] 
thecandidatefl wer? first arranged in brac]ii!t4«1 
(be order within eocli brackiU lM*iii){ dM-iili-d I 
by a further examination. Jacob was placed | 
by himself in tbe first and ^VTiewell by him- 
•clf in the M'cond bradcet. Jamb wo-i also 
first, and Whirwell second, S^milb'ii prixemaa. 
Legends wrr«_' long currrnt in Cambridge oa 
10 Ihii) defeat : Whewell, it waa said, 
b<Kn thrown off his guard by Jacob's apparent] 
idlonew. Whewell, from his letters, seems' 
to haw lakt'n tbe r««ult to good part, com- 
plaining only that he could not writ^ fast 
enough in tbe exominatiun. Ifv was pcwt- 
ilent of tbe irnioii Society in 1S17, and ui 
the chair at a famous debate in March of 
that yvar vehvn llir Tici><luuiadlor M>nt th«. 
prociom to dixporse the meeting. \N''heweIl] 
vainly desired tbe strangers to withdrni 
while their message woa under conaideiatiot 
Hi' and Connop Tbirlwall [q. t.] were; 
milled to appeal lo the vice-chancjllor in 
penton, but the ddwtct wok for ibv time 
aupprssaed. 

Wbewell's motberr died in ld07, and his 
father in July ISIH. Hr wa« now able Mis 
support hiinaeir by taking private pupil^ an j] 
for several ream took reading mrtu-s fttr th« 
long vawitTon. Two of bi.'i clrweM frittndo,! 
Herschel and Hicbard Jonee (17",tO-lb"J5), 
[q. v.] the eeonomiit, left Cambridge, to his 
great rcgrvl ; but lie bad become (Irongiy 
aitocbed to the place. Among other Jriends 
wen> Rabbogfl, Riehand She«pe1uuik» [q. v.] 
Ili» a^lriiTiomer, and Hugb Jaroea Roan (q-v-J 
With Ittiee faekept upalong corr!!sponaeaea.j 
Kenelm Henrj- t>igby itj.v.] wa« a priva 
jnipil, and. fbongb dilTi-nng Terr widely ii 
lastes, spoke in etrong terms of his tulcru 
gvnaroaity «u(i friendliwjs (Staib rKinoi.ta^| 

E. 36), Ue woA elected to a fellowship at 
is college on 1 Oct. 1817, and apKunted 
aseiMant tntor in 191^. In 182^1 he MCSBie 
tutor of uiieof tlie 'sides,' having a ctdleagne 
for the first year. Thu number of ndea was 
increased nt tbe timt* uf hi* apnaiatmeBt 
fVom two to three. One of the otner tote 
was George Peacock (I7»l-1868> [q. r.J 
sfterwardsdeanofF.ly. Among the Iwtii 
during hiii tutorship were Julius CharieB' 
Uare [q. v.], whom lie induced to return toj 




Ckmbridsf in 1832, and Connop ThirlwaU, 
art«r«Kru9 bi»bop of Hx. Duvidm, wbo klm 
rpruroed on gmng up the bar in \S27. 
Wlmwull wu itius one of a ^roup of Yorv 
ablti mm who went bc^iuiiin^ to nu« thi- 
Ntnndtird of Cambridge iKluiatiou. In 181» 
(III- I'umbrid^- ]*lii!<iM(i{ihioftl Soriirly wa* 
f'MUidcdp and NN'liewell wus ou« o( tliu urigi- 
n»l menib«rm Itoiu>, ilu«, and Thirlwnll 
were Btuiljing^rirnnan lit<>ni(un^ in vaHoiik 
departmeata. Wlii^wt^ll rmd KanI curpfiillVi 
and bccam*! in Baaiv dc^rei' n rti.«c:uli\ lie 
learm (leniuiu tboroughly. lluuiboldt com- 
plained L)f baring niiMwl liiuj at I'otBdnm, 
Imwhusu urdpn bud biN-n givun to uduiit iin 
Engliab g>-nt b-innn, uud Wbowi^ll wafl tukirn 
fora GBnaBn(TiiiiiiusTKB, i. 411). In laU-r 
yirurolii* traimlstvdu novfl of Aiwrbnch'n «nd 
fioethfi's ' Herninnnnnil l)ornthe«,'forwliirb 
be bnd »n i>atbiia!iis(i>c odmiratinn. His 
frjcnda Babbuff, iliTscli>*l, ami IVnvoclc 
weraaow tntroducing tbu analytical mecbods 
of fontiacntal matbrinaticiana, Still nafrlucled 
at <'ambndge [ftM under PucocE, OBOBiai, 
17tn-18.^)Hj. WlifWBlltup|)ortedthem(Toi>- 
liu.vTCit, ii. |4, 30), and, whan bis frieods 
taikod of til«nin|r a TKVittw, Duzgevtwl t bat it 
might be fl/ut«a at Cambridg^e bjr nddin^^f 
somv'nmtly dQnenuithenistics'(r(. p. 31)— 
■n 'odd exjiidi^nt,' aa be admits. An tJir 
review ncTi>r started, this madei if iniMvattin^ 
circulation was not t><Ht>Hl. Meaiiwbitt>, ll^ 
tnatbemnticnl Wtiin-r at. Trinity and mode- 
nitor(|yai and \i^2S) he could i'X>?rci»« a 
morv approprlnto inflnL-ncf? in th^ cniioe. He 
tint becaiui? an iiiiihur in tbv suniu iiilervtit. 
A Mit-boolt upod mcchniiic.4, first publiidicd 
ill lt(U>, h<.'l|K:4l. wi Todhualersaya (i. 13), to 
intr««liii>' till- i-iiiitint-ntal ninthiiniiit icii. It 
-went tbruugh manv editions, and he fotlowt^l 
it uu bv iitJiiT Itookn ot n «iniilar kind. In 
I \8Sb he wafi t^IiTitHl n fidlnw of the Koyal 
Socivty. and var\y in tin* same y^armade Mil- 
M>quaintanL'« of (Jeor^- ttiddcll Airj- (after- 
waras aotronotner n-yal), ibr^n wi undrr- 
grsduatr at Trinity, ami ot a lat^r time ont> 
ofhiswanuectfricndv. He niadv tours during 
The lnn(r vafation*. The first attempt *filli 
Ijis friend miucpsLanlie in 1819 waacndi^d by 
tb« wntt'li of tJii:) iMipkvt ill which ibevwi-rn 
BfMBing the Channel, nnd the Uwi of all 
tbmr bji(rKSf{«>. In lt«:^ tbey ri«ited Swilxer- 
land, Thesr! tontM Irrd to a new Auhji-ot nf 
sliidy, Letl«re from Sbtwpshnnks in \6-J-2 
show that Whvwcll wa^ takiiiff an Lntcn.>»t 
in eccleeiaMicat architecture (ToDHrxTca, i. 
SI ). In 1H^<1 he made a lour with Keiii<1ui 
Digby to Bee the chim'hes of Xonnand%- and 
Picardy. In JM9, 1830, and 1831 Iw '0111.1.! 
Iat«r toure for Himilar purpoaea in G<;rmanv, 
Cornwall, and Normandy. Ilia variuue ob- 



Whewell 

aerrationa mabled him to write a booli of 
' Architect iinil Not^g," (livini; bis theory of 
Gothic architecture. A tout in Utruiajiy in 
iKiCt bud a murv atrietly acicniilic purpose, 
Itc had already publtAfn^ pupom ugxm i^rys- 
tallo^nipby iu the 'Tmnaactiaaa' nf tlie 
Rajrol and tbn (*uiul)rid);i> I'hiloH'iphica] ao- 
cii>lie8, and ho annnunoed hiinsi-lf (Jniu) 
\B'2ti) a ciLtididat^> for the chair of mine- 
ralngr about to be vncntt-d by John Stevens 
Ilenalow [q. r.] lie riaiicd llerniany lo ob- 
tain instruction in the science from Pro- 
feuor Mobs. Uixputea aa to the rifjhl of 
i^lectiou delared the uppointment to Ibu 
CambridtfV profeB^unthip till Murcli IS2S, 
when \\ Iipwell wnri eiectwl. He iuirne* 
diatvly publiiihed an essay upon ' Mineraln- 
gicnt C'iiwHiticjktioti.' In IS^7 hu had bei-^n 
elected a fellow nf th.i fleolnpiral .SociHy. 
In 18^1, and BRain in Iti'di*, he made som« 
Uborious ii\perinjeiit>» with Airy at the 
bottom of Uolcoath mine, near Catubonie Jn 
C-omwall, with a view to determinmi; the 
dcn&ity of the earth. Amdunl« to the in- 
strumenta employed were on both occanlantt 
Altai to ihe i^uccess of the expi^riment^. 

Whewell had been ordained priesl an 
Trinity Sunday 1^26 (the date of bit) ordi- 
natiou Mt deacon Mvrmii tu be unknown; 
Stair Dorai-ia, p, lui ; Todhi'ktrk, i. ;ai. 
llis scientilic occupalionn bad not dimi- 
niahfd liisiut'rn'at Ln theology; upon which 
herommiinicated wt^b biafriondn il. J. Uocc 
and JiiliiiH Hare. In September 1830 be 
was nppcpintcd to write one of the Bridg^L- 
water ' I'reat ih'f.' Thir, which appeared in 
IfS^, wa» the tirst and perhaps the mo&t 
popular uf the eerive. It wux ulito, as Tod- 
bunier thinliJi, the bonk which fir»t uiaib; 
Whewell kno«-n to general madera. lis 
kubjecl i* ii»t.ron»niy COiiMidi^retl nritlt 
reference to nainml tbpoloi:y. The book 
MiticipiileM the point which be treated nt 
lon^h in the ' Plurality of WnrbU.' It was 
criticised with »oiuu severity by IlrewBter 
in the 'Edinburirh Ucviow* of Januarr 
ISH. 

Whewell in IHU'J rcsijfnod the chair nf 
miui-ralo^fv, in which hu waa succ*'eded by 
William !tiilliiwc3 Miller [t^. v.] ]|m pn.- 
aenled bis collections to the uniTeraity, with 
a i>uni of 100^ townrrU tliK ptnviiiion of u 
suitable mnaciini. Whewell hod already 
fflsde the ac<iuaintance of many uten of 
iirienriflc (-niinisnM on the continent aa well 
09 in L^ngtand. James Uavid Forbes [q. r.], 
whit tiMted Cambridge in May IKtl, ho- 
came onv uf hja warmvat fri«nd«. Th« 
foundation of the llriti^ Aaaodation in 18SI 
widened his circle of ac^uaintauM. Hi> frBB 
pnvvnttKl by coUvgv buunesa frotn attendinf( 



Whewell 



45* 



W'hewcll 



• 



i!iB fint meeting tX Yorlr, but h« wna at 
the Oxford meeting in 1^:^, and n sxcrvtary 
Bl tli« ( "aiubridpre meeting of ISTS. llBlImn 
induced Qactelut Knd (Sir) WUliim ICowun 
Ksmiltoii *<i. v.l It) attend, »nd ffiivn nn 
adtliva.1 RKpoonding hui urlnciplM of 6ci«n- 
u&e inquiry. H« wftn aflenviud* a Rgulnr 
nttendant ar the moplinKii: wm n riee-pr©- 
iudent Bt DubVin in 1hA-'> — wbi^iu he Look 
occiuton 10 Mtidy Iriah nrcliitectiuv and 
ll]'! round towers— nnd prcwidmit al Ply- 
mouth in 1.S41, !!■? remarked in his pro- 
eidtfottal mddn'ioi (tiflt ihvre wos waro-ly 
'onv MiburdinaU' office of labowr or difrniiy ' 
in ihc IxnIt whicli he had not diMharji^d 
nt onf" nr ol.Ler of ir* mooting. He iMi^*«lr-d 
at the fittt niiH-tiit)i tlio ruponn upon ihe 
ftnir ftf Vttrioud .Hc!«i:cea, aud h<> hintMlf 
cnntrihuted variotif mt^muirK. Hf *iei;m8 to 
Iiavt' uriKniiilly luki.ii u^ the »ubjfcl ol'lides 
with th<- intL-ntion of remrtinj? to th» a«m- 
>ciatinn. Ue puhli&hi'd hit lourtii-u mfniL>ire 
upon tiilti* in (li« Knva! Soincly'!" 'Traawic- 
lions' from IftSa to "lSv>(). and'in 1837 n>- 
Cpived • Rolii in>_-dal from tlin Hoyal Hotii^ty 
fnrhis invfttlipnlion.^, IL- hud unnv other 
rplatioiid 'R'itli «ci'?ntific' (■out«iiit>or»ni'». In 
1881 h« helped Ly»>ll, whostt ' Principlrs of 
tiwilou-y' be bad i>'Vi(twt?d in tlie ' n^iIi^tl 
Critic,' to f on»lriict an apiiropriatc ^olojpcftL 
iLoiiKiicIatun'; and in \S'J-\ lie had a timilar 
com'pfUKlrrcf with KaradiiT in regard to 
a namt-nclature for hie cumspimdent'e dis- 
crivcri'^^ in i-li-ctricity- In Fi-bniarv lS-17 bti 
WHS inadr> prcftideni of (li« fii«I%'iral So- 
ciety in aufcession lo l.yell, the offir".- heinp 
tnniibli^ for two yvnr*. tn F«?brunry It'.'W 
Biui IW.SH be di-livered two nddreweit in this 
capacity, announcing tlif award of the Wol- 
lo«inn invdftl to Ovtea on thii fir»[ nnd to 
I'roffwor Kliri'nbet^ on the second oeejision. 
Among thuet- variuus occtipsl ions Wht-wvll 
hod found tini" lo cocnpb-li- th« first ]uirl r>f 
hta preatMt book. He di»cribp8 th« Een.'nil 
ploii in n lifter to Jont^s on 27 .luly 1^14. 
The ' llisTorr of the Inductivt- Spipnfos " 
ttppeared in three tticli octavo volnmea in 
lf^;t7. Thf flcqnd, culled the • !'hilo»opliv 
of the Liductivv Sc.iciieejt,' in two ibicli 
volumm, naNpublliJipd in 1840. Humboldt 
ackuowlf>1|.i.'d n uupy of (liiiihook in a lotler 
^XpreaaiTe of warm admiration (given in 
ToniirSTKtt, i. U7-ft>. The whole went 
Ihrou^i varioufi mitdifimt ionii in laL^r i^i> 
tions. I.yell had bpen sccu-itomrd to rcfrret 
(aH hi- had wiid in a letter lo the author) 
that M'liiiwell hnd not ronri'nt rated hiin«elf 
upon »')mt' special departmen:. He had now 
come round tn Ih'' brlief thai Wbewvll bad 
Ijiven a (jfater impulae to liiudy by becom- 
ing 'a nniverwtlist ■ (ToDUliyuit,' i. 112/ 



IlrewMer enucofied the 'Hutorr' ia ika 
' EdiaburRh ReTiew ' for OrtoWr lf*.*S7, and 
the ' I'bilodftpliT" in the ' Edinbiir^b ' to 
January 1^12 ; beaidea noticioK ^Vliewfil nn 
favourably in an article u|iou ComtA in lh| 
Hitnti revitiff for July \6iki (see M. >'Arii:n*f 
Viirm/ioiutenct, pp. IDS, 371, y74, J{r7-s!)i^ 
Outsiders (Maaidcn-d that the ak'vehty wi 
du« to iMrMHial malignity, and the general 
oninion of the booke was bij^lily favourablir.^ 
Wlwwidl hencefi'rth h«ld a. rocognined |h 
itnn of hi^h nuihorilT atnunK the M:ienii 
nTitersoftbediiy. Tbepubllcation uf Ibr 
tr«ftti#«!4 wa« at l«a»t a remarkable proof i 
NS'bewell'a ejciraoidinary powers of sccu- 
mulating knowledgr. Tbu lutorfthip in ft 
leadinif college i* generally found enough loj 
occu|iy a man's whole eiiei^. Altbuui>b' 
tbu aiitic« Wert' iirohably biio nbsr.irbini; m 
that tbftn at a later tinje, \Vhc«rU had 
plenty of work as a tutor, and it is not sur-j 
prifiinft (hat be found tome uf the dutie 
irkfionie. En 1833 hi' bad hnndtd orer U 
CliarlflS Perry riH07-l?l*n [q. v.l. aflc 
wardi) bi*ho{> of Midljourivc:, the Qnai>etal 
dutiM of his'ifliee: and moveU into looi 
in the New l_'<iiirt, lootinf; down the Ihiw 
treeavenuc(ToiiHrxTEK,ii. 170, 17.1>. Thi« 
srranifeniHut, as he nays, w-oiihl enable bir 
to iinUh his book. ThirlA'fill aUo took par 
of bis friend'* duties. Thirlirall next y« 
got into difheulties by a pamphlet advocat-1 
ing [he adniisoion of dieseutrn and E|wakingJ 
unfftvonmblv of compulmny ntl-Tidane* at 
chaiK'l. Wtewell wrote two pampbleu iiL 
answer to Tbirlwall — miiinly on t hr cliapclj 
qui-slion, He prote.^Ie<I, bowevwr, nrgt-ntlj 
a([aillft the dinDii^al of Tbirlwull by tbi 
master; and Thirlwall ackn^wlfdiTN) hii 
iroodoKcoain oordial lercu»(ftee Mb*. St4iI 
DocnLAS. pp. lft.'>~70, for letters). Theie 
common friend Uare hud left Catnbridjjf ir 
1IS32. tn IWai Whevrell was a i^aiididnK 
' for the [*owiidean profeeaorfthip. In v.-birb,J 
I however. reai'<K-i( Trai* Hpiioinlt-d ihroiml 
(he influence of his personal friend TK.Lt>. 
SprioR Kiee (afterwards l^rd M 
'(]. T,] (ih. p. \t<4). In the samt: \. 
well wrote a pamphlet upon tb» * £Study 
3lat hematics wbich broncht him into 
I fontrovvrsy willi Sir William Hauittc 
Wbr-well's tir»l pamphlet and a n-ply tfl 
Hamilton are emnodied in a book upon tt 
'Principlw "f an ICn)rli>h I'mrt-rsity E<lu 
(!ation'(l(*37j. He her*; defended prinnpl* 
which were more fully vxpbitned in a InI>-vI 
bonlt ( of 1 HI 'i I ii|ion the same topic, and wbioll| 
jfuidcd Lis action in reiian! to uiiiviT»iiy| 
rtform. In l(S3S bn tliuilly relirwl from ibaj 
tutonhip, and in June of ibnt year 
elected lo the Knigbtbridge prnfeUonbip i 




Whewell 



457 



Wliewel! 



moral pliiloiwphy. He conauiervd tiit* elec- 
tion to be da« to thit encourmtfvnwat of one 
of W\a inrinibtt^ friendii, Tltomiu '\\'or»1ef, 
inMt«r of UowniD^. The prafessonJiip waa 
ofcmiill value, and for it contury bad becii 
tmsUxl Ds u BiuL-curv. Wliuwdll aftcTWords 
eradeavoiiivd, with.oiitaucce«,toli«voiii>un 
Kt Kly ntitiexvd to it. Uo took up tliv duTlw 
i-igomuitly. in» mind was itnw turning to- 
Wttrds iliH topics appropriate to the caair. 
In IHSn hv bud wilNtn n ^n^-fnoi.t to Mftckin- 
tOfb's ' niii.''^rt&tion,' nnd in Nore[nb«r 1B37 
be had prench>pd four Kermons before the 
itntvcnitv on fh^- ' Foiindfttion of IMoraU.' 
Duriiitrbulenure of the profeattordUip hupub- 
liehcd various lectures and OtbtTWorka upoa 
ftllic'd i«[iivH. From th\» tiiao it seems tliai 
scientific ill ve litigation. cpbmhI to poam&a ita 
O'ld LtilrfL-i;! fur litm, mid it may perhupa he 
oaid ibnl lii* had tnkeu tii n lini; of tlmuglit 
less coiip^^niftl to hU real abilities. 

Afl«_T giviiiz up bin tutorship Whewell 
b£^ii to I ire, like roost ' dons,' of n. c-ollt'ec 
life. In » letter to Hare of 13 Dec. 1840 be 
mlrs Advice. He bn^ don« vhnt be coidd to 
tinpfovo tbe mathematical studioa of tho 
plnro: hv hin introduced pbilosophy into 
tbe Tniiil V ft-llow.ilup cxamituttion ( the uuly 
examinatton in pbiloaopliy at Cninbridji^e), 
And hti hAN tluixbud the fp>Mit book for wbicii 
a college life wan dttaimble. Many frirn[:Ii> 
had left Cambridge; be could not easily 
moke iiuw iuvimauiud ; and 'cullvgv rootnB 
4renohoniefordi>clining yi-ftrn.' lie wished 
to prepare for an ' improveii pyeteta of 
«Uiicj>. hut t.lial ini^ht bv done if be took a 
college living and residwl at Cnmbridge for 
a term to give iHCturea U he stayed be 
might b(i forced to Ia1i« thu uncomfortablo 
office of vice-master, involviug rwpouaibility 
Trithoitt sufficient powtr. He ana hia friend 
both doubled <a|>parvutly with (^ood ruusou) 
his £tnoss for a country cure. A visit to 
Msslum, K collegu Uriuiz then vacHat, de- 
cided him to Atay at (:aiDbridKf. SiHiri 
kftorwoids lus prospects were oompletely 
ohuiged. Hft wu «nmK»d in June 18itl 
to Cordelia, daughter of John MArfllmll of 
Lerd* iind Ilallstesds on Ulleawater. The 
nutrriagv; was at Waterraillock church, 
Cumberland, on \ii Oct, 18-11, The cer&- 
mony wae purformcd by Frederic Myers 
[q. T.], wlio aftvrwards inarriud Suatiu, li 
mt«r of Cordelia Marshall, and became 
Wbewell')* wiirm frivnd. On the day of 
the marria^ (?briiit4jpbfr \Vi>rd8Worth, llm 
uutor of Trinity, wrote ti> \\'hewen to 
annouoce bin nnignaiion of the mu^tensbip. 
Ho bad held on ao long in ordvr i-hat hii^ 
aitccvMor might be appointed by a oonaer- 
valireniinioter. I'ecl hod fonued bia mioi- 



Htry in September. Hare, to Trfaom tho 
news was sent by W'otsley and Ilerscb^t, 
instantly made applicutionA on behalf of 
Whewell ti^ influential per^ns; but buforo 
tboT could be n>ceived I'eol had announcod 
to Whewell (17 Oct.) that tho quL-eu hsd 
approved of liLi appointment to lb'? miuti^r- 
BUip. The political controveny of the 
day WAN one of tlu; ft;w wibJectA in wHicli 
W bewell seoma to have taken do particuhir 
int«n»t. His sympstbies, however, were 
conflervative ; nnd the whigs might pro- 
bably have given tbe appointment to Adam 
Sedgwick [q. v.] Whewell wrote to Sedg- 
wick expruatiug hi* * alarm ' at b&ia^ pliu^id 
above bis senior, and hoping that tUeirgood- 
wiU would not bo af)i«ct«a. SwlgwtcK n>- 
ulied that ' comiiiOM coits«nt' adinttti.<d 
Whuwell to be the ■wortbieet tnan for the 

flacK, and far better qiiulifie<l I luin himself, 
n fact, Wbewell's claimii were iiiuieninbie. 
Ibiring bia tenure of the mastershiu be was 
incompamblv jiniierior In any of ttif other 
beads of colleges, very few of whom bad 
any repncatioo uut«idti of C-ambridge, while 
none sliowed anv intellectual power of ut all 
the same order. Whewell'sforceof character, 
a« wvll a» hi» kuowludgu and abililiei^ soon 
gave him the uiont iiromiuf uL piuiitJon in tlio 
university; and no master since Bentley 
had lii'i'U Ko worthy to pr<"»ido over tho 
jn"eaies1 of KiiglUh coUegi-s. Happily too, 
thuuffh masterful and rejoicing in ar^- 
mitnt, hf wait llionjngbly magrinninious and 
free from the litigioUR propeniiitiefl which 
made B«ntley's rule a period of intestine 
warfare. From Duan Milmnn'e letter of 
(ongratulation it appears that he bud also 
bf«n ck'Ctcd a meniOLT of ' The Club.' 

Whewell, afttr a stay at thu lakes, wh»ru 
be occasionally met \\'iUiam W'ordaworth, 
rutumed to Cuinbrid^ in Nontmhur, and on 
the IfStb took poweotion of Trinity lju<lff«, 
He at ones set about impruTiug lbs build- 
ing, and proposed to ud>f an orit-l in place 
of one dettroyed by iientley. Alexander 
Jamw Berraford Hope [q. vj desired to 
help, and ulttniAt«lr gavii l,tX>U/. to tbo ex- 

Cse, to which Whewell himself contri* 
ed 'jaai. Tie pmcnted to the coUeve 
cbapel a copy in marble (by Wuekoc) of wa 
statue uf Bitcon at Ht. Albans (erscted in 
184G). It wai< upon hi« auggeetbu that 
Byrou'ii dlatuti wsk nduaittod to the college 
library in 1843. He set about a revision of 
I hi> coUt^ statutes with a view mainly of 
legalising practices which had made «omo 
of them obsolete. The new statutes ware 
approved in 1844, but, in view of lator 
alterations, wore of lictU' importance. In 
September 184:} be was entertained at a 



I 

I 

) 

I 

I 

1 



public dinni-r at LanCASter aiong witli his 
ftcbooUellov Owi>tt. On TuiurDing to Coin- 
bridgd ht> wiu clicMea vice-clumcelfor for the 
nor I842-.S. He pntfrad offic« vrjtli the 
lotantiou of pmrnxtinf^ cxrtnin improvv 
mffntu, e«pe«iallT deAirinfc to limit the sj^tiMs 
'.<f prir&te tuiticm aai to tfire a more import 
tani piftce lorarofeMOw' WtareJ. A syu<ii- 
cate. over wbicli lie presided, proposed a 
TDMAttri! which was rejncted at tho time, snd 
Wbowell had to &M tlul hU poHitioii, 
though very difttnctiM, gnve littJu power ol 
iniRMucinff rHfonns. Tbe l>iiltttor>oiltium- 
b*vUiid, who htd he^u iuittalled cbiuio^llur 
of the universitv durinj; WWwell'a rice- 
chxncvIlorUiip, (]i«d im \2 Fob. 1&47, nnd 
Wlutwell at once propoaed to chct the 
prince consort OS Ilia BUC«vwor. A rvquisi- 
tion van fu:nt u> th<- prinCfl on 'JO Fvb., whi-n 
Le I'lprpjtswi bis villiiiiriiBfts to cimplv with 
* tlw iin&tiimoua vri»h ' of tht> university. Aa 
Lord Powig, who wm al«o a candidal*-, did 
not withdraw, this reply might be takfn for 
a^(^^llMl1. TheprinMsetipportors, hoivevtr, 
deteniiiti«d to proc««<.l, «na at a ]>oll oti i'l>, 
as, and 'J7 f'eb. ht? wu electetl by a najorilT 
of IIU. A good dcul of rovtiiiK n-u rouwJ. 
Lord Powik wax nup^iorti^ hr lliu hig-b* 
church party, and the elt;ctjati af the prince 
wa» •iippowttl to be n "tiip toward* the ' Her- 
mrmtitinff ' of Ihn iinirereity, t}iAl iit, to the 
decay of fioutid learning, morala, and r<^ 
ligion. The prince boa aficompaoied the 
qucvn U} Cambrit^ti in 1&43, uud again 
apon hLi iQAtallation in 1847, and bulb then 
and uncrwiinlii had aumu ptTeonal coin- 
DtuiiiCtttion witli Wlu-wiill, A t-haiicvllor 
COO do little txi iniroduo! reformf, (rood 
or bad, but the prince approved of Who- 
well'a attempt to widen thn Cainbridgo 
course, TbefoiindariQaof the 'mom! sciences' 
and ' nattirol Ki«nccs* tripoco* by a gnco 
of l*ilS tt-as due lo WlieweU. The firet 
examinacion was in IHt'il. In 1849 ^liewell 
olTercd two prizes to Im wan by tba t»ndi- 
datea for the tint of tli«ae tripoaaa moat dii*> 
tin^uisbed in moral pbDow^liy. The tvizea 
w«re conlinunl t ill liK nwiftnou the pTCW«tOl^ 
ship in 185Ji. The nnw tripasea, bowpTer, 
lungtiiKhc^, thou|fl] ^^'be«^ell did Lib best to 

firomoiiH them. Th^y wen* raiMKl to the 
Kvel of the old trip«see as quali&ations for 
a deereA by grace of i'4 May l^ftSU, when 
boaruefor regvlatiug tbt-iuwere coti^tituttsd, 
'Wbi^wrll aerrcd on the moral adeuoea 
board, and acted as exomintT for two yeero. 
Mennwbilo public atLention wa» bvillB 
roused to mon; ext^rnsive refoniui, awl royal 
commissioiui f!jr(>\fi)nl ntitl Cambridge were 
iMUL'd in AugDAC IMSO, and reporti-d in 
AuguAt 1802. An act for an executive oom- 



miaaMm for CombcMto wu 

vaiioui dclaya In IB^. Wbewell, 

a refonner in Ma own way. look a ctroag 

pan in opposing many of the changes finally 
adupiinl. H«t hvld that tlie univenity 
should be allowMl to reform itself. He wi 
membi^n-of a syndicate appointed in IW 
and again in IHM) and liS6l, to rvviae t 
university statutes. He replied Lo ihw ii 
quirit'a of tli6 royal commission, but alway 
under protest. He ofllriaod geoenlly 
principre* set forth in hi« booka upon edt 
lion. Whvwull t-spivially stiMwl out in thil 
syndicate for nuintiuninj; the powers of 
'caput,' on old-faabiooed bodv wbidi pr_. 
ttcallr Rave to tbr> li^ade of houses s vet 
upon all university lefislation. A coiuidei 
able mimn-ity objected to this, and the Hnat 
threw our • grace embodyin;^ the plan. Tba 
bill of 1853 tnoafenvd'tbe power of the 
'caput' to an elected council, of whidi 
'U'hewell waa a member from its first «•!«• 
blishnent till his de«th. Tlw reform 
Trinity Collwe produced new difficult!* 
The whole bcdy uf sixty felkrwa becaBel 
goveming: body of the college under the i 
Wht-weLi and tbe dght senion who I 
previoualy beld the authority refined foci 
some time &om summoning the new body 
oiid^ve oflanee to the juniors. The dia> 
cossion of the MAtutM by the new body 
began in 1S57| when wany of thu junian 
were in favour of cba»g««' which Whewafl 
re«:arded te pernicious. On 1 Jan. 1S58 the 
power of framing nr^wAtatul^w paM«d lo the 
Gummiavioncrs, though a TOte of two-thirds 
of the governing bgdy tni^hl reject then, 
ritinuttily the coram taaioaers' scheme wm 
accepted with »ome modtScatioiia in ldS9. 
W'heweU'e mwn objection was to any regn- 
Iniinn which fhould itilvrfet*.' with tbeaato- 
nomy of thu colleges, lie dMarts] that 
such change* would really hinder instead of 
promoting refonn, espHcually ihe introdoe- 
Liou of aotf studies. Though he wa4 opposed 
throughout tu ibn K-lxunM of decided tft- 
fonuGrs, he loyallv accepted thi^ new stale 
of thinm. He ba^ «vpeciaUy objected to aa 
annual meeting of the mA^tem and fellowi^ 
but when it became tbe law he tooL oore to 
arrange the meeting so oa to makearten 
dance eonTeoiem. 

In 18ul Wbeweli gart* a *uoc«»*fiU. U 
ture to inaugurate a cuunse suggested by tl 
prinoe consort in connection with tbe Gnat 
Exhibition, His last important work 
pearad during ibtt fiame period. At iLe 
of 1853 be publi.tbed (aaoaymoualy ) 
6fi»ay ' or tbe Plurality of World*.' 
doctnac — that we have no ground for be* , 
lievingitt other inhabited worlds thaM enr 



*P: 



UJll 



w. 



own — wna mid by id (Jiuffmmmttiat'lo be in- 
tended to prove that ' lorougli all infinityt 
theri! vAfl nothin); so rrtBA u the master of 
Trinity.' WIiuw^U, rigLIy or wrongly, nup- 

I>o«ed the aivument to havi* n. ot^rtun theo- 
ogicul siKnificaiiiM:. In a lit*>rar)- wnse it is 
probablv ha bi>at work. ([<■ wrulo il wil.ii 
Litiii6uit.f care, and cnneulteil litemrv frinndB, 
mji-ciiilly SirJanM-HSU-pheiiiin deference to 
wLoee advice he rnnc^lti>d $otne e«T«m1y 
pag«fl tus too ' metapbystcul.' Th« lively 
trMtment of an old topic excited a sharp 
controversy. lie wa4 nttoeJiod h\ his old 
mAvcTtATV, Bren'ster. The ablest hostile re- 
view, accordiiiff (o 'I'odhiinCur, was tliat by 
Ilenry John hlcpbfa Srnitb [ti. v.] in Ibc 
'Oxford Kseays' for 1855. An occouni. of 
many olherN in riven byTodhunU-r (Toi>- 
mrHTEB, i. 1K4-210), who adds many in- 
teresiing dutnilii. 

Wheirell'B Ifttpr writings rnnf;«'d OTcr a 
irideBeld, including remodelled versioiu of 
his 'inductiv«> scienws;' prt-races to the 
poathtUDOUs wrjrks of hla old friend Jonoi, 
who died in I860 : a controversy with Mill 
apoa logic; a translation of llio Platonic 
dialogues ; and lecturer upon pcnticaJ eiv 
nomy. llu prodimid, howuver, no ori^nal 
work of import iLnei'. 

On 18 Dec. IWifi Mrs. Whewell Aifd ofrr-r 
long-Atitrwring. WLewtll printed privately 
aome elegiAm (jpvm in Appendix to Mas. 
Staib DavGi-is), whirh. il they did not 
prove him tn be n poet, showed very touch- 
ingly the f^trength of his affections. He rt- 
tnmed to big work, having iu November 1855 
been again appointed vicivchnncollor for the 
ensuing year, lie gave (omu ofll-n™ bv rL-- 
Imnginf; nil the pictures in the Fiizwiiham 
liius«iiiii upou hie own authority. The ini- 
prorement was admitted, hut liii> r<'gnlntioii» 
tor tb« manSfvment of the tnuaeum were 
altered for tbt* future. In the winter nf 
1866-7 bo visited Komo, and came hflck in 
much brttiT bi-nkh niirl i>]iirit». On I July 
1858 be married Kvorinn Kronce*, widow of 
Bir Gilbert Al^eck, mh baronet (1804- 
1854), and daugliter of Francis Ellis of Bath ; 
since her husband'^ death ghv liad livL-d at 
TrampiRf^tou with her brother, Kobt-rl L^it^ 
£lUfl [q. V.J, HTiowbII's friend. TTie second 
marriage was tliorouj^hlv Iwppy. 

WTiflwell's last altendimce at the Hririi>li 
Association wa:i at tli" meetirij; nt Com- 
bridga in ll^^. Ilf^ took nt thin rimo much 
'jnttrewt in the American civil war, and waa 
fleaaed tn find that lie agreed with his old 
■dvenary, J, S. Mill, in sympathising with 
the northern otntes. 

Wltewell had become a rich man through 
^t surrisgeB and the income of hit ofiic«. 



He devoted a large sum to new bnildtngs, 
which were lo supply funds for a chair of in- 
(•■mntional law and i>cholarshtpA on the name 
subject. H« had spoken of thi< plan in 184d 
when he had acquired for 7.W0i. the rrtwhold 
of some houBL-s opposito tho great gate of 
I Trinity CoU<?gii. Ho pronovd t^• erect a new 
building for fitudenta of Trinity, tlie rents of 
wbicJi fiuiiild br dovotKd to the proposed en- 
dowment. After various propoeolf to th« col- 
lege, which w&s at first asked to pay for the 
building, he re^olvud to earry out the plan 
without help, and t be new hostel was fiolslied 
at his owit e\]>eDse iu IH6U and ImmedlatHly 
occupied, liy the end of 1 8A5 be had bought 
mora laud, upon which a n4>w hostid vn» 
luwcied, Imtwuun tho old one and Sidney 
Street. U was not cumpli'ted (ill ]!:^8, after 
his death : but be had left siifficitiit directions 
by hi» will fur carrjing out the plans. The 
value of the endowment was cstimoUid at 
nenirly ]00,00U/, It supports a profeaaor and 
eight MhoUrs,receivingDetwccntln-ml,IO0V, 
a year. The first professor (electird in i8tS9) 
wft« the present SirWilliam Hareouri. The 
professor has, under Whewell's will, to give 
twelve |i.-cluri's annually, wid Co make it his 
aim to conirihutu towards the t^stinctinn of 
war. Mm. \Vbew«ll hiui gjvmi ijIXW. for 11 
Mbokrahip atTrinitv. and l.'fi almut 10,4)00/. 
lo be ii])j>lie'l according to her hnebund's di- 
reciion« for Ibi: lieneiit of tht; nitlege. The 
income was duvoted to the augmenraiion of 
sinall livingii. 

WiiewelrB later ynani were again sad- 
dened by the death of his second wife (who 
ooDtinued to be called r.ady Atbeck) on 
I April ltSt5i>. He was especinlly southed by 
the atfeclionatc attentions of bis two niaces, 
Janut and Kate Marshall, who hud become 
3Irs. Stair l>ouglas and Mrs. Summr (Gib- 
bon, iu 1858. XlrE. ^tair Doughis was now 
a widow, und oiuuimI Ibr winter of 1886-6 
with him at Trinity Lodge. On '24 Feb. 
1868 l>cilh Ittdii'n went mil for a drive to tha 
Gog Magog hilU, and Wheweil _iotned them 
on Tior»eT[>ack. He was both a bold and s 
carele-sa ridi^r, and an old injury fmni falls 
in riding hindered his control ofbta borso. 
It boltod with lum, and he was thrown 
heavily. Uu was brought back in the oaiv 
riage to Trinity, wh«re it soon appeared 
that tho iiiiiiry had caused paralysis. He 
died on (> MiLTch ]8fit.1. When he was dying 
the curtains were opened at bis request that 
lie might tftke a last look at th« great court 
of Trinity, familiar to him for nearly fifty- 
four years, ile was buried in the auU'cbapcl 
of the college. 

The following portraiu of Whewell ore all 
in IVinily Collide Lodge: • tliree^uarter 




Whewell 



460 



\\*hcvven 



utei^ by S. Liuretico, about 1850; & 
Plengtb in oil of Whewel! iimlfr tliiriT, 
puinti-r unknown; a Atnall oil psintiiiz liv 
Mr. Carpenter ; uchklk drawing <?r^Vlii?wwtl, 
and one of hi«»ecoiwl irifp. hy A. M. Solomfeft. 
In tli^ college liaU is & Gmalt purtruU id oil 
of \VhevreU M ft yoimg niAn by I^nAdnte- 
la tLf college U a marble buai, by G. U. 
Halley, bequcutliMl by\Vhewell lo the col- 
li^. In tlie antiidinpol is a marble ettttue, 
1)tT. W'oiilmT, erti'lod hj tba college after 
WboweU'ii (It^tli, willi a Latiu inBcripliou 
by WilliKin II«i)worIlt Tliompaoo [q. t-J, his 
sucflcft^r. 

Whwwt'H wn» n miiii uf i>plt-ndiil tihyMtctil 
dove.lnprop.nt. A ('ambridft* li^peiiu told of 
11 pri»— fi(;litor wbn bitd cxi-UinK-d, ' Wlint h 
mrm wnxlrtsi whi'iiiht-y niAdr> you a parson!" 
liiti la«« &ljowe<t power rather lJiau<leIicacy, 
widft matwire brow ftavt? special dimity ro 
hi« RppcAranrc. His miuiculiim ri^your im- 
ntied it^rtAiu unattractive (|ualiliefi. IIis 
tricnd Ktu-c felt it a duty to rcmonfinto 
witJi him uuiia liU ' rehemcnce ' and impa- 
tteoc4!, and oi-ld up as exuuplea the ewect- 
oi^aH of Williau WilbL-rfurw, DUhup Oltvr. 
and Alaniiinj;. Wht^wcU reii-ivftil the advice 
(fDod-tetDpufvdly. and admitted that in mi 
'omiiuMit a station' a* tUe nuut^-niliip lie 
wax cnpiTiallv botind not to bti 'overwar- 
inir ' (Stwk ftocoT^*, pp. Ht&, 2»5, 385-93). 
!I« dill not, howcrer^ quite admit the faet« 
aUt.-^i.-d in proof, liu lored an argument, 
and liifi position a£ a great man in a small 
cirfle tvudi.^ to mukv ur)^uiiit.'nl uuL-Etdc-d. 
Jin wftA popular a» a taUir; huL for M>me 
time b(> pruvobud a gcxid deal of koetility u 
□iiuitvr. Ill i-jirly ibivn hi- had lil.tlv chance 
of anquirinfT social rettntimfni ; and, though 
he wu> anxious to bi< honpitable, his sense of 
tbc dijTiiit-y of hiB portion led to a formality 
which made the drawing-room of the lodse 
anything but a place of ea«y Bociftbility. In 
Ut«r yeats a^ and ftorrow iuad« him con- 
apicuously niilder,and the object not only of 
the pridv hut of the warm allcctioD of the 
uutverMity. Though rtm|;h at tlinm, hii wan 
ttom the Crel ma^animoua ; he never 
ch«ri«h«d ntMiiilnuuit and adtoitted defeat 
frankly, and KioeiTE>d thi> opinions of young 
and inaignificunt persona with remarkabla 
courteay. Few men, too, have had more 
&ivnds or retained their friendships more 
eanfully. IIi* had many cont rovcrsii^*, but 
no personal quarrela. Jlia domnttic life wm 
perfect, and he always respected and at- 
tracted women. 

Wht'WeH'e influence in Oauibridgn wh« for 
many yetkn of groit importance. In pae- 
ticuUr he did moni than any ono to intro- 
duce souo interest in pbilowphy (see P»- 




fiwwr SidgwickV articlo in Mmd for. 
I87H, (juoled by Mn.. BrAin DOOOLIV,. 
411- 12t. Thooigli a ooQservative as lo ti 
coiutitution of the cuIluKWi hi* waa aware 
of many of the weak pointa of the Gam- 
bridgfl system.and tried to widm the coarse 
and raiMtheainuof llMttV'aehera. }\f crird, 
oa he iatd, to introduce un ' anti-Lockean 
philoKiphy ' (.Stus DoroLas. p. *JiS>). lliti 
aucDvM wa« limilcl by ibv chanuier of ]ui ' 
own mind, llis buoVJ upon iha ' luducliv* 
Scicnnas* madi! a mark ; but oni* i>e*ultJ 
wuM the itupulne, ID the i>pp<)«it«i dir>^l40ii|l 
which he gave 10 J. 3. Mifl (for Mill's a4N| 
knowlpdtfmcnt of th» help derivpti fnini 1 
Whcwftll Mfl Mill's Iioytr, prefAco, anJi 
AtitMograpkif, p, S33). Darin? WhfweH'i 
ma«tcnhip Mill, rntlicr tlian \\ )i>-wi^t], waii 
the accepted guide at Cambiidue. Th<Si 
famous remark of Sydney Smith — ' «ci( 
i« hia forte and omniMi«>nc«- hie fnibh'' — ^1 
madf(TottKi-STKK, i. 110) in Soninel li'jgen] 
at a breakfast-party, may partly explain thi^j 
WhoweU began as a man of Ki^■noK. Tod*j 
hunter, a very comi)et<>nt judge, tesLifin to 1 
the 'accuracy and fidelity' uf tho fir«l «li- 
lion of hi* • lIi«lonr' 1 TomnT'rrEtt, t. 1031. 
In later editions he left many errors, parti? 
lx>causeiiii> man V occupation* mad" the work 
of c<irr«>c(ion irlisome, but alw liecau»e 'he- 
had wandered from science to phihwiphr,^ 
and did not keep up with the later progm 
uf diMovuri-. The book ncA-ftwrilv became' 
belated in many pails. Whewell nteanwhile 
HcarDcly became a plulu«oph«r. H>! had 
MludHta Kant, and lu-rejitn Kant'!< theory of 
^aceand time. For later German deTutop- 
menta lie had nuthinprhiit contempt, and hi* 
friend Hari^ and otht-ri< could never indnoe 
him even to take an interest in Colerid^j 
In his controrcr«M with Mill he ^Mmii t« 
have the advantage in ^roe points from hii 
greaterJAmiliarity with science and from hi 
Knowlddgo of Kant, whom Mill dii^rc-gard*' 
Itut hiH confetnictive theory repr*«enta ll 
old-foabioned fonnof 'intuitioni«m,' a^in . 
which Mill carriml on a miccrautful warfare. 
Ilia theory about 'ideas' and 'facts' U 
scarcely ooborent, and certainly did not 
tain acceptance. His theolozy is of ct 
variety represented by I'aley and the ]triJ| 
water 'Treatise*;' and, though a man ofT<' 
Htrong and sincere reli^us aeniiment , he 1 
net succeed in speaking to tiis gencrali 
He seems to have stood aside, aa a ^ood ol 
fnahionsd churchman, &om the religious co 
rro%-enues of the time. He wa^ more difMi 
intvrveted in vtbicol Hueculatiouii; and 
writings hccame fxt-books at Camhriii.^ 
and were naturally studied by voung dk 
reading forlriuityfcUowships. I'hejare] 



fedly fuir id i]it«Dlion, but it inuat be ad- 
mltt^il that they an ponderoun, and represent 
a line of ihought winch has uot found favour 
with Ult-r writers. The most curious ch«- 
ractiTiMiciBth^promiin-'ncegivouloiHwitivt' 
law in tht! iltHhu;! ion of innral [irinciplea. A 
BBVcre critidfira by Mill of the ethlcul writ- 
ings sppeRntd in the ' W(u(^ininvt<<r It^tvi^w' 

I Cor October I8A2, and U repriiiti.'>d in MiU'^ 

'•Di»erU(ion«,' ii. -IStMiJK 

WhewoU yn» rotbur a critic tbnn an ori- 
ginal iaveetigator in ttci«nce. L'pou one 
subject, hnn-ovEr, he Arams to have donfl 
reallr pood work. ProfL'saor Darwin, who 
hao Mindly ffivau liia opininii, atat«a that 
WTjewt'll ■ will always raiik amon^tlisgroat 
iQV«Htignt<jrs of Lhit t.bmrv- uf tidoN. Wis 
iD>*nioir» fill about 350 qunrto jHyrM. peiiB- 
rally Ri'inK ""'jf ''" ''■•■iilt of lalmrioni" 
compiiiation^. Jur most important work wtji 
theconstructionofamnp t-Uowin^tlicmnrch 
of the tido-wftvc Toiind t li'* oftrrh. The data 
W()ra^olllmiIlous and ii«ceseurilY iDiperfL<ct. 
No fine hao rvppat«<l Ihu L-normoUA task of 
prupnriug such a Dbari: and.ibough it could 
b* only an approxiinatior , it fairly i?mbodit78 
all that in yut known oii ttiu point. The 
data for Ihv ava^ round tliH |{nti»h ialands 
were comparativuly plentiful, and WhswoU 
Bpcnt vngrniuiifi Inboiir in condtniclIiiK a 
" local cotidnl chart," whi.'h pmbahlT needs 
only tiligbt amendmunts tu makt; it perfuctly 
correct. It luut miviir hi-r-n rcconntriurteil. 
Whowell carefully considered thf> tides at 
Tarioua EQp:li;<h ports, and wns a. piontH-r In 
fortnuliitinK .*nii*factory methods of predic- 
tion from laTge masses of obaerrHtion. ]{•» 
woa the fintl to bpxtnwmHch attJ^ntion upon 
Um diurnul iuaiunlity of tlii' tid*w which 
am con-apicuou-t in most parts of tho world. 
Whtw-jll look Bucb lidta tw be ciCfpliouBl, 
th"uf;h ti i.i now known thai, the siuiplicity 
ot' the North Atlantic tides is the triifl ox.- 
caption. Till) Diotlcm nitithoil of In'ating 
the tide aa cotnpoaad of n numhcT of l-oq- 
stituent waves a of esp<%'iiil ralnt* in n^iinrd 
to thii probU'm. Thnuffli \\'hcwrtirH dula 
were scanty and his pisiLods have becmoi- 
obsolete, hia treatment of the question wai> 
ofgrcat service at t tit- lime. Hct-iideavoui^d 
to form a local diurual eotidal rhart for tlic 
nrilish islnndit, but concluded that llio facld 
could not Ini prf«enli!d in thtH forui. I Lis 
conclusion nmy ba correct, although thu 
errtirs in his data and tliw impi-rfection tjf hif 
iniithftd made his failure infl\'ilahle. The 

Sroblem is now more feasible ; but sufEciflnt 
ala are »lill wanting, and Mio alt>-mpt has 
not been renewed. Whewell altto coQiidered 
the rise and fall of water during a single 
tidfll oscillaiioa, and gsra formulte for pre- 




dicting the height of M'al^r at any moment 
from a knowledge of the heighl. and (imt> of 
hif{h and low walcr. Ho received much 
help froio profeMionttl computers supplied 
by thi- udniimlty : but his personal work, 
contiid taring that hi' had thv whol« direction 
uf the cum putm ions, mii-tt liavc been very 
heavy, fli^ xiiLd-M showed a splendid per> 
&<!Teranre, which ia the more remarkable 
when w« take into account his coutvmporf 
neouft work upon mnnv other matTen..' 

The first volume wf Todhiiatcr's ' lily ' is iu 
)^i!at part di.'votcd to on elabomte account 
o( WhvwoU's uTilin^i^. and contains full 
and minutt' biLliu^rapltical d(>taiU of the 
complicutMl GliancD« due to the freniient r«< 
modelliijg tht* biJOKM in Hticci.'wsive editions. 

Wlit'well'rt works OTP : 1. • Botidicea ' 
iCnmbridgv P""*" p"em>, IWtJ. ti, 'An 
Ek-mentary Treatise on M'^hiinicA,' ISIfl, 
1 vol. S\o. A 'KylUbus' of tbi« troatisa 
appean>d in 18-Jl. lijiK-r editions appeared 
in 18:^4 (almoat a new work), I8i}8. 1833, 
1836. 1841 (* entirely rewritten '), Hiid 1847. 
A port suppoitnft mure niatliL-mat ical know- 
\edgf: was ainitti»l in 1M:)S and publtsltcd 
«vparalely ns ' .Viialytiual Statio-s.' The 
work was trajislatwl into (-lurman la Ift41, 
8, *A Treat iau on Dynamics,' ]82;t, 8to, 
subiilantlallv a Mwond rolumu of ilit* 'M(>> 
chanics' of' 1819. This was replEurttd by 
thrtH.' vulumuK: (i.) 'An Introrluction to 
nyiMiroira,'''tfi''-" addition intended forstu- 
dents with little mathematical knowledge^ 
(ii.) 'On til? Vrnf Motion of I'oinU . . . 
tile first part of n Tri;-ntiso on J>ynamiC3^' 
1832, Hvo, called a ' Ewcond edition' of tho 
flntt. pari of th^ * Dynamics ' (new (<diliori in 
I83«) ; and (iii.) ' On the Motion of I'ointa 
constrained . , . and on tht^ Motion of a 
Jiigid H'jdy,' ]f<;!4, 8vo, C4iUed 'second 
part ' of a new edition of th*« ' riynnmica.' 
\i. 'EMwiy on Mineralo^cal ClaiMification 
j and Nomenclaturf ,' lS2i^, Sro. Tj. ' Account 
I of Gxpcrimeuls made at Dolcoaili Mino . , .,' 
lBiH,l«piJ.8vr)(priv«li?lypnnted; 0. 'Ew»y 
on t'liemical Klumentft and Nomenclature,' 
1829, Kvo, 7, 'Architectural NcIto on 
Oerrnan Churches, with Itemarlia on the 
Origin of Gothic ArchilMtun?,' 1830, 1 vol. 
8vo. .\n i.'nlfirs{id edition, with ' noli-a dur- 
ing an archil I'Cturul tour in Pieanly and 
Noruuindy,' appeared in 1835, and a third, 
1 with *noif» on ih^ churches of tho llhiije 
' by M. 1-. de Liwwiulx . . .,' in ISli (Rnl 
I edition anonymous). 8. 'llic First Prin- 
I cipW "f Mfchnnics, with Historical and 
I'mcticat lllustrntion*," l83l', 1 vol. 8vo, 
' superseded ' by pan of llie ' Hii^tory of the 
Inductive .Scii-neea.' 9, ' Aatronumy and 
Uenenl Phy)«ic» considered with re^riince 




to NshinU Tb«>Io(^,' 18SS, 1 vol. 8to 
(' Bridgewntt-r TntaliK '}, six ndilions to 
18<H. 10. ' Itctaarks on Bomv [■»«» of Mr. 
Thirlwair* Letter oa tho Adraiuion of Di»- 
aentera to Acttd^micftt Uegreea,' I8M, 6to. 
11. ' Ailditimial (tama.rk« on Mine Put« of 
Mr. Thirlwaira Two LeUecB," *c.. ISai, 8to. 
\-2. ' TliQUfihU on Lhe Stody of MAth^-nuitioB 
u a part of ii LiScnl Education,' \mf>, 8vo 
(reprinted in 'l*rinri[i!.'» •>( Knglisli Uni- 
venity Bducation"). l;l. * Xuwion mnd 
FIuiut««d . . ..' 1836, 19 pp. 8vi. (two «di- 
tiiMu). 14. 'The MechADical Euclid, coa- 
tAinlnp iba Elements of Mscliaiiics and 
UydnMtAtica diunonstmed ttter the Xanner 
«f the EUoMftU of Qeometrj' . . -,' 1337, 
I vol. lanto; tat«r mlitioas in lK.i7. 1838, 
184S, nnd lB4d, with rarioua clumfiM. 

16. ' On tti<« Foundation* of .MoralH,' 1637, 
I vol. Sto ; find edit. 18S8 (four nnivefsity 
wrmoos of Novamber 1897). 10. ' Letter 
to Cbarlea BabbttfT*, Mq. • ■ -.' 1*S7, 7 pp. 
6vo (defettoe of • Bridp-wtler Treatiw 7. 

17. ' Chi tli« Principle 01 Enffliih University 
EduMtion,' IRS7, am. 8ro. 18. 'Hieloryof 
the Inductive Sct«nrf« friiin llin Barlient to 
the I'roMnt Time.' \(*37. 3 toU. Sto; 2n'l 
odit., unlarffRd, in lr%47; :)rd, in tlirMamall 
octavo volnni«»,wirh ail[lilions(al80 nrinted 
in octavo 10 bt- bound witli s^^nd edition), 
1867. Wlifiwell replied to •onif> criticiiiinA 
in the ' tidiuliurgh Iteview' by a short 
printed letter, dated SB Oct. 1837, and in 
tht • Medical Oaiette ' of 30 IK-c. 1837 dc- 
fbudvd Ilia trwatmenl of Hir (?litirlM Bell 
and Mayo. 19. 'The Doctrino of Liimte, 
with iU Application* . . .,' IB38, I toI. 8*0. 
90. 'The iTiilosophy of the Induetiva 
Boienoas, founded upon their History,' 1840, 
3 Tola. 8to. a second, i^rnlaiigvd edition, 
mmared in 1847. This was aftenvnrds di- 
vided into three booka, in small octato, to 
TAti^ with the third edition of the ' II ih- 
lory': (i.) 'Histoiy of Scientific Idcoe,' 
1B58; (iL) 'N'oTiim Organon Ri-novalum.' 
1858; (ili.) • Philosophy of IH»covery,' I860. , 
The laat contdimt roiimdentble additions to 
the oorreeponding part of tb« or'^nnl Ixmk, 
and includes answi^r* to HpTwhelytrPtioualT 
printed privately), Lewes, and J. 8. Mill, 
ai. ' Mw:hani«a of Kngincerinjf,' l«4l, 1 toL 
8vo (a sMinel to tliti tn^tise on mechanica). 
23. 'Two Introductory L<H:turoa to two 
OOiineft of Lecturee on Moral Philocophv, 
deliTBivd In 1840 and 1S41,' li^l, 1 vol. 
8to. S3. ' Indications of tho Creator,* 181S, 
1 vol am. 8vo; 2nd mlit. 184(t (extracte 
from prerioiis works, with prefucee, in anawnr 
to the ' Voet%W of Crwilion '). H. ' Of a 
Liberal Education in fr*«ner«I, and with paT- 
ticutar roforeace to the Lc-ading .Studil^e is 




the Univetaily of Cambridse,' I84fi, 1 roL"l 
Bto; to a second edition. 1^^, waa addati 
a ' part it.' (on recent chanK^s), aod in 18S^ 
was publiahod * [tart iii.' (on the 'reviwd 
•tatutee '), ^d. ' Elements of Morality, in 
eludiiu Polity/ 184ij, L' vols. 8vo ; -Jnd' 1 
1848, -i TOI0. Bm. 8td ; 4th, 1804. 1 voL 8m' 
2tt. ' Ijceturta on Systematic Morality, de>' 
livered in I>rnt Term, 1810.' 1 R40, 1 vol. 8to. 
27. 'Conic St«ctioiiii, ih^ir Principal Proper* 
lie* provod gooniotricallv,' 1846 fl vol. 8to), 
1849, 1S56. ^. 'Nwton'sPrincipia.'bfcl 
j( i. ii. iii.; in the nriffinal I..atin, with ex* 

Sfanatory not»^ und rvTerencee, 1849, 1 toL 
TO. 3v, ' Sermona preached in the Chapel 
of Trinity UUe^ Canbridze,' 1847, 1 vol. 
8ro (twenty-two Mrmons). 30. ' V«t»e 
Traaelaiionfl from the German . . .,'1847, 
I vol. 8vo (anonTmoiis; includmt Burger's 
' Leoore ' and Sch'illor'i^ ■ 8onj^ of the BdL' 
The translation from Diir^T was rvpublitjed, 
with another of uncertain authorafaip, in 
1 856 as ■ Two TraOElat ions,' £0.) 31. ' fian- 
day ThoujtbtA, and oth-T Vitsm,* lft47, 1 vol. 
8vo (privatvly printed and anonymous: in- 
cludes the ' Isle of t he Sirens,' some paasagM 
in Carlylo'e ' Chartism,* put into bsxamettfn 
and pnvauly printed in 1840). 32. ' Eng- 
lish Ilifxameler TrensUttonK from Schiller, 
(;octh<>. Homer, Callinua, and Meleagef,' 
1847, 1 vol. 8vo. Whewell edit«d this 
volume, to which Sir J. W, Herschel, J. C. 
Ilare, J. O. Lochhart. and E. C. llawtrfv 
c4Qtributi>d. It containd Whewell's Innoli- 
tion of ' Hfrrniaan and Dorothea ' (alao pti- 
vBiely printed in I8.39> and aoni« oUicr 
pieces. For full details and refere<Dces to 
varioiia magazinr articlrs by ^^^owel) upon 
English hexameters and niviuwa of Lon^ 
fellow's' Kvan^line'and Clough's * Hothi*,' 
see Todhuoter, i. 383 301. OCJaa Went- 
worth's ' Life and Lettoa of Niebuhr.' I8.^f, 
vol. iii., includes some Gofftish hexameter* 
by Whowell- 83. ' Of Indiiciion, with spe- 
cial reference to Mr. J. S. Mili'ii Sy«t«m of 
Logic,' 1849, 8to; reprinted iu ' Ilitlotophy 
of DiwwTBrr.' 34. • Inaoiuml Lecture. 
20 Nov. I8A1 : the general liearing of the 
Great Exhibition on the profpvas of Art and 
Science,' 1851, 10 pp. 8vo : also in a volume 
with other iMturcs. S5. * A Lettw to tU# 
Author of '* PnlogDnMu hogtoA " ^. 1>. 
Man»el], 185:^, 8vo; nprodu^td 10 'Plulo* 
eophy of DiaeoTery,' chap, xiriii. 36. ' lec- 
tures on the llistoiTof .Moral Philowphv in 
aitfknd,' 18fi2, 1 Vnl. Hvo; 2nd cdil . wrtJi 
additional Wtume (1S&'2, sm. 8vo), includ* 
ing ao answer to rfmnrks by Mark rattiKiD 
in ' Essays and Tteviews.' 37. ' Of thei Plu- 
rality of Worlds: an Essaj,' iWifl, 1 »i,L 
8vo; otheredilions,itt small octavo, in imin 



186&, 1859, iJI anonjniDus. 38. 'A Dia- 
lof^tf nn tlio Pliimlitj of Worlds, buicff 
n .Suppltfineni to the Sm*y* 18C4, 1 vol. 
flm. 8vo ; added to second and liLter editions 
of tlio ' EaMjr.' S9. ' On the Mulvrial Aid>t 
of Education,' 1854, 39 pp. 8ro (iimujtural 
lectuni at 'Educational ludiibition,' 1850). 

40. 'On tii« Influnno of fhit Eli«tory of 
Science upon, Intelleatual Education/ in- 
cluded in a volume of lecturtw on educa- 
tion at the Roj'al Inatituiion in ltVS4. 

41. 'Elpfriacs' (on the death of h'w wife), 
SI qunrtn pp. (nriTBtclr printed ; added to 
Mrs. Stair Douglas's ' Life '). 4:!. ' Platonic 
DialoffUM for l<]ugli»h Readers/ l861)-til, 
S vtua. tm. dv() {a eondentisd tnuialaliori, 
which emtkodiea some rjf htH iMrturea on 
moral phUoaophy), 43. 'Six Lectunia on 
Political Kixinomy, dclivi-ivd ... in Michni^l- 
mas Term, I8H!; Irtfl2, Svo (privately 
print^nl. Tlie iwturoe wure (pven at tttu 
reqiiwt of the prince consort, hefore the 
Pruic« of Wales). 

Besidoa the attovo works, ^\1>ewell con- 
tributed part ii. of the treatise upon nlec- 
trioity in the ' Encyclopiedia MetrnpoUtana ' 
(1826), a ' rvproductlun' of a mi'moir by 
i'oiaflon («eti Todhttxtbb, i. Sft). Hm alio 
wrotti for the aama an eaaay called ' Archl- 
mNltu — flrerlt Mntlirmaticit,' which wan rt'- 

Iublisbed in a volmnci unnn 'Greek and 
iomaii Fhiloaophy and Science' in 1863. 
Ht« I'ditml MaciiintiMifi's ' DiMertatian ' on 
ethica in IHllO with a prt^face, often th- 
pnnlt-d I Butler's 'Thre« Sermons on TIu- 
man Nature and Pi«««tation on Yirtito ' in 
l&W, am! Hutler'fl ' Si.\ Sermons on Moral 
Snbjoct*' in 1849; Sandt^rson's • Priiilec- 
tionea Decern ' in IWl ; Orotiua' ' l>o Jura 
Belli et Pacis' in 1853. He contributed a 
papvr upon ' Burruw and LIh Acadtimical 
Times' In thfi ninth volume of the Cam- 
VcidfH edition of Barrow in 1859, and a 
prufaen to Rarrow'd ' Mathi'mflUcal Works ' 
(1860). In ISflO hf> wroto a 'prefatory 
notice 'to the' I.iletaT/ Remains' of llichard 
Jones. In 1 SCO lie pnbliRhod an anonvmoua 
translation of Auerbach's ' Profeiwor's V'ife.' 
ire also printed for private circulation papers 
upoD variou! q^uivtiouji of univonily and 
coUojre reform. 

Among contributions to periodicals are 
reyiewB of Lyell'* ' Pnncipli^a of Cliwilogy' 
in tlie ' Britiflli Critic' (No. 17), nf Jones's 
work upon 'Rent' in the ' British Critic' 



(No. 19), of nBOchel's 'l-reliminary Ois- 
coonoi ' in ths ' Quarterly Ite%*iew ' (Jfo. 
90), of the s«0OBd volume of Lyell's ' Prtn- 
ciplea ■ in the ' Qoarterly Reripw ' (No. 9S), 
and of Mr*. SomerriUes ' Couuu&ion of the 
Phyaical Sciences ' in the ' Quarterly' (No. 
101), Ruskln'a ' Seven Lamps of ^Vrcliiteo- 
lum' in *Kra*'r' for Pebruftry ISfiO, l.lio 
new edition of Bacon's 'Works* in the 
' Kdinhiirph ' for October lSn7, and ' Oorato 
and Pofiilivinm ' in ' Mnrmiltan'.i Moganne ' 
for March 1800. Ilis 'presidential ad- 
drcftws' to th« Ocologicjul Society in 1888 
and lti'l9 are pubUsheil in th«ir 'Proceed- 
ings,' and the address to the British Asso- 
ciation in the ' Report' for 1841. 

1 In published a Tew separate sermona, and 
othent, still in manuscript, aru noticed in 
TodhuntHr, chap. xtli. In diap. xviii. Tod- 
hiinter gives an account, with extracts, nt 
some 'notw on books' and other manu- 
script.i. In chap. xix. hi> puhllshes some 
early po«ins, and in chap. xjc. parts of a 
story of a journey to tho i?arth by an in- 
habitant 01 the moon, written aft«r the 
' Pluiality of Worlds' 

Whewell coiUrihulud a number of mo- 
moirs to various scientific joumab. The 
' Catalogue of Scientific lepers ' ^ves aixty- 
fiiur, l>eaido* the piipKn^ upon tidriM. An 
account of these la given in Todhunter, 
chap. xvi. Sume paprs in which he applied 
mattiMmntical Kynibots l<> a critcciom of Ri- 
rardo's ' Political Flt^onomy * are in the 
' C'amhridgw Philosophical TransBctions,' iiL 
ISl.iT.lW, X. I2fi. 

[The task of nriting Wbawell's life was un< 
fortunntely dividtid. In l)i70 appeared William 
VThewi'ill'. an Aceoucit uf bis Wrilings, with S»> 
lectionH fivim hin Literary and 9'■ient)fil^ Cornt- 
spoDdonev, by Isaac TodhontGr [q. t.], 2 voll. 
870; aad in ISSl Iho Life and Selections from 
the Cornwpondpnr* of Wi!li«n>WhewBll by Ucs, 
Stair Doustas, I vol. 8vd. Karlier oatiKw are in 
UacinillnnH Mag-iuine for April ISfiG byWilliam 
GoOTKo Clark [([. ».], in the IVoceedinRn of ths 
Royal Society (»yl. x»i.>, b/ Sir J. W. Hanchel, 
iknrl in tha Proce>>dinzs of the Royal Society of 
Kiiifiljurxli (vol. »i.>, by Sir D. Brrowafnr, A fsw 
rerrrenees are in I>a Morffiin's BudKel of Fun- 
dosM. pp. 415-17; in .Sir H. Holland's Racol- 
lectiuns uf Put Life (IR73). p. '270, and in 
Alry'a Autobiography (1806), pp. 117-19, and 
elsewhere. The present tnastrr of Trinity (I>r. 
H. Montagu Duller) bu kindly gintn infumw 
tioa.l L. S. 



INDEX 



TO 



THE SIXTIETH VOLUME. 



Wfttoon, Alexwoder (181S ?-180o). See under 
Wataon, Jowph. 

Wataon, Anthon; [(2. 160S) .... 

Wfctaon, Sir Brook (1786-1807) 

WalMm, Caroline (17S1?-181I|. See nnder 
Watson, Junes (1789 7-1T90). 

Wataon, Charles (1714-17B7) . 

Wotoon, ChriBtopher [d. 1681) . 

Wataon, Darid (1710-1TG6) 

Wataon, DaTid(171S7-1761) . 

Watson, George (1733 ?-177S) . 

Watson, George (1767-1887) . 

Watson, Henry (1787-1786) . 

Watson, Hewett CottreU (18(M-1861) 

Wataon, James {d. 1732 ). 

WoUon, James (1789 ?-1790) . 

Wataon, Junes (1706 ?-18S8] . 

Watson, James (1709-1874) . 

Watson, John {d. 1680). See nnder Wataon, 
John (1630-1680. 

Wataon, John (1530-1684) 

Watson, John ^736-1788) 

Watson, John Davaou (1883-1809) 

Watson, John Forbes (1837-1899) 

Watson, John Selbj (1804-1884) 

Wataon, Jonas (166S-1741). See onder Wat- 
son, Justly. 

Wataon, Joseph (1766 ?-lB29) .... 17 

Wataon, Joshua (1771-1866) .... 17 

Wataon, Justly (1710?-17&7) . .19 

Wataon, Sir Lewis, first Baron Rockingham 
(1684-1668) 20 

Watson, Uuigrave Lewthwoite (1804-1847) . 31 

Watson, Peter William (1761-1880) . 33 

Wotoon, Biohord (1613-1686] . 

Wataon, Richard (1787-1810) . 

Watson, Richard (1781-1888) . 

Wataon, Robert (Jl. 1666} 

Wataon, Robert Ifi. 1681-1606) 

Watson, Robert (1780?-1781) . 

Wataon, Robert (1746-1888) . 

Wataon, Bondle Bnrges (1809-1860) 

Wataon, Samuel (1668-1716) . 

Watson, Thomaa (1618-1684) . 

Watson, Thomaa (1667 ?-1609) 

Watson, Thomas [d. 1686) 

Watson, Thomaa (1687-1717) . 

Watson, Thomaa (d.l744) 

Wataon, Thomas (1748-1781) . 

Wataon, Sir Thomas (1793-1883) 
TOL. LX. 



PAQK 

. 43 

. 49 

46 



Wataon, Walter (1780-1864) .... 
Watson, WilUam (16697-1608) 
Wataon, Sir William (1716-1787) . 
Wataon, William (1744-1836?). See under 

Wataon, Sir Wilham. 
Wataon, Sir William Henry (1790-1860) . 47 
Wataon-Wentworth, Charles, aeoond Horqnis 

of Ronkinghom (1780-1789) .... 48 
WattjJamea I1608-178S). See nnder WaU, 

James (1786-1818). 

Watt, James (1786-1819) si 

Watt, James (1769-1848). See under Watt, 

James (1786-1819). 
Watt, James Henry (I79ft-1867) . 
Watt, Robert (1774-1819) 
WatU, Alario Alexander (1797-18641 
Watts, Gilbert (d. 1667) . 
Watts, Henry (1816-1884) 
Watts, Hugh (16837-1048] 
Watts, Isaac (1874-1748) . 
Watts, Mn. Jane (1798-1836). See nnder 

Waldie, Charlotte Ann. 
WaUs, Sir John (d. 1616). 
Watta, John (1618-1887) . 
Watts, Riohaid(lS39-1679) . 
Watta, Robert (1890-1896) 
Watte, Thomaa (1811-1808) . 
Watts, Walter Henry (1776-1849) 
Watta, William (16907-1049) . 
Watta, William J176S-1861) . 
Wauohope, Sir John (d. 1682) . 
Waugh, Alexander (1764-1837) 
Wangh, Sir Andrew Scott (1810-1878) 
Waugh, Edwin (1817-1890) 
Wanton. See ^so Walton. 
Wauton, Watton, Walton, or Walthone, Simon 

de (A 1866) 81 

Way, Albert (1S06-1874) gj 

Way, Sir Gregory Holman Bromley (1776- 



(1773-1840). See nnder Way) 



1844) . 
Way, Lewis 

Albert. 

WayorWey,William(14077-1476). SoeWer. 
Waylett, Mrs. Harriet (1798-1861) . . . 
Waynflete or Woinfleet, William of (1896 ?- 

1486) 

Wayto, Thomas (fi. 1684-1668). Bee Waits. 

Weale, John (1791-1863) 

Wearg, Sir Clement (168ft-1736) . 
Weatherheod, Geo^fe Hume (17907-18S8) 



8S 



88 
86 



89 



Index to Volume LX. 




VflBllurali«<l or WelheretKul. Rioluud ol (d. 
mi), 8«e Onnt, RIulMnl. 

WMver. John 14. H»ii W> 

W»*r8r,John llfl7S-17fiO| .... 91 

Wmpvt, Itoban (17T3-1MS2I . . . . Oi 

Wmvot, Th<nniu(101(V-lBliat .... 9a 

WMVvr, Thomiu (177a-lb») .... 94 
W»bb. Si» ulu Wcbbc. 

Wabb, Hn. ('I n!l3» , . . . . IH 

Wabb.S«QiMiiia(lN19-18Wit . . . . 9& 

Vabb,I>aiuel(11ia?-lTWi> . . . . W 

W^b,Fnnoi«417)l»-1Hiai . . . . 9S 

W«bb,FtMKi*C«mcl>iMn6ai>-ia73) . . UT 

Wabb,af>oricolIbHl-lMa) . . . . UH 

W«bbar Wrhbo, JohnOail-lflTS}. . . VH 

Webb, Kit John (ms-issa) . . . . m 

Wnhb, Jolui (I7;ft-1MB) 100 

W«l.l., Jiihn Kirhmaiid(ll)ST?-n«) . . lUU 

W«bb, JoiuLit il7ua-tMai . . . ■ ioa 

Webb, UAtU)«<r (l»«»-t«i«l) . . . . ]D( 

W«bb, Fliilip Bkrkwr |lTgs-iaSO . . . 10» 

Wabb,F}itlirC«rMrot(170U-LT70). . 107 

W«bb. Tbonuu WiUiun ' UUT-IWC) ■ 108 
W«bbe. »(« >]<» Wsbb. 

Wi)bb*,r.(]<rftrd<Al£0O) . .109 

Wobb«, JoMi'h (/. iiiis-ioaei .110 

Webb«.t<unuel < 1710-1818} . . . .110 
W«bb«. Samnd, tha ymaga (1770M«tB| . Ill 
W«bbe. Waiiam tfl. 1S«8~U01) . .111 

W«bb«r, Johii il7S0 7-l7Ml , . . . 11-i 
Web«r, a«nry William (IT8S-1U8) . 118 

Wcbsr, OUo tlBSa-llHH)) ..... 118 
V«brtar, Aloxander (17<i7-17ft4) . U4 

Wab«t«r, Hn, Auit»U (l«87~189i) . Ill 

WdMtvr, Banjwnin N<7ttiii«hut <t1BT-1889) . 116 
Wab«ter, Junw ilCMf-lTVl]. Bw und«r 

VfthtLtr, Alnowdor. 
W*betar,J<»lu)(lM07-lSU?). . IW 

WvbotOT. John (lfll(^l«8ft) .198 

Wtibitor. Thomw (ITTS-lSit) . IM 

Web«t«r, Thomu 1SI0-1S7SI . . IM 

Webt>t«r, Thuna<i|l800-iaM|. .137 

W«Utf>r, WaiSsin(ia6»-lTM). .1*7 

WM-kli«rli>..naorg Ruilalph flSM-lASS) . US 
WM.MHI,Ji>niM(17f>7-lfl»l) ■ . IM 

HeiMMll, John (ir>8S-lUl> . . IM 

Wi^orbDrn, A.luBnilt>r (tStH-lOCO?). Rm 

atid«r Wndtlairiiam, David. 
WaddRrburn, HiiAIionnilcf (l«10-]S70). . isa 
Woddrtbum, XUixnaAer, Snl Bmdii [jo«iftfa> 

InnvDit^ nnd find Eucl uf Boaiiljrn (17^- 

I80SI isa 

W««k)urbum, Di.vi>l (1580-lMa) . . 1S4 

Wcddcrbuni. Ji>in«H nt9S 7-lSSS) . .180 

W<»1.)<.TbiirT>. jMitr-HUCHK-lOBtf) . . .187 
W<-.I.liTbiirii,Jolin lir.lW ?-]CCI)]. 8m midet 

W.>.]ilitTb)int..Iiui)r)|ll»fi?-l(iS3). 
Wi-diJprhnni, Sir Jolm I'lftDO-lHTtJi . 
W<!ddrrhuni, Sir John (1704-1748) . 
W«dderi)iim, Sir Peler (UtlSMffn) 
Wtdderbnrii. Hobert JISIOT-IGGT?). 8m 

oDdar Wfedderbam, jAitt« (llBlt 7-]fiC9}. 
W»dderbimi. WilliAia (1583 7-16110). - Bm 

atidar WftddvrbnfTi, David. 
W»dK«, Joha Holdsr [ITHt-lHTS) . 
Wedgwood. HoiuiteiKh (LSOll-lXUll . 
Wfldffwood, Jouttb IIT80-17D3) 
Wedgwood, Thoum* (lT71-]80») 
W«eJLUl, Kcnr; (17A9'18S0) .... 
W«.eke«,H«nry (1807-18771 .... 
WmiiTem,Thama*i;f leooi . . . , 
W«amB», John UG7I) ?-103d>. See W«I8t«*. 



liH 
1814 
180 



1« 
140 
140 
14ff 
117 

lis 

118 





Woxor, Jahii<lirr8-1A9n ■ U 

WeKneUtl.TbiiotkoHiitUiiMir'- If^'M) -11 

WtfbDist, Bdwud Ilrniy ^lt«18-lt»SSJ . 11 

W«if , TlMiiua aOUO ?-167&) . 

W«ir, WiUiun Iia03-183«) 

W«imi, WLUoDKhb; Hunter (IBSO-ieST) . . 11 

W«i.i.Hi]l,TbamuH«nrj (I8W-IWI) . . IBS 

W«lb), Henrv (d. IIHU) lEa 

Welob or W«h.h. John tlSTO ?'18!n) . " 

Welch, JoMnh id- IMfi) 

Welshman. Bdwaid {l8Ut-l739| 

Wrld. Cliarlr* tUcbard (IH1I1-IH6S) 

WlM. Sir Kredmck AloTiiiii (1838-1991) . 

W,'' ' '1771-1858)" 

W 1 1777-18*3). Sea indflr Weld, 

^v. v.ii»,ThAfau|lBM7-lM3l 1«U 

;v -itmi . . . wi 

\V...i .-,. .\,.;.»r.,v(4. 1H«?| . 1«^^ 

Weldion, Antbonr ijf. 1680). Sec ander ^H 

Weldon. Sir Antl»nj. ^H 

Weldon, Jotai (I«7*-17«| .... laJTH 
Weldon, MtcfaMi (Jl. IMS). 8m oaderWsldm. 

Sit Anthonr. ^^ 

Weldon, lUlph {fi. ISMi). See under Wddon, ^M 

Sir AnthoDT. ^^| 

w*id«i.iu)i*(,i«w-in») .... ijn 

Weldod. WaIM (1888-18811 . ■ IM 

W«UbeLo¥ad,Chmrln(]7e»-18S8) . . -11 
Wollei. 8MkUoW«IU. 
WellM or WoUft, Adui da, Bftnm (J. IStl) . 
WellM, John. AtsI TJiomot WvIIm Irf. 14M>. 

Sw under Wetlwi, LioiMi, Loo, oc Lyon dei, 

•izth Bmran WeUw. 
WoUoe, Lionel, 1)190, or L7011 de, nxtb Oaran 

WeUMll4Ul>r-14«lt It 

WflllH, Rkfaud, Mrvsntli Buon Welle* 

ai81-147«). Soo awder Wwllen. LkrioI, 

Loo, or J.ytm dq, nirth Baron Wellae. 
■WeJlo^Tboma.llWft-IMO) . .11 

VeUwlnT. Arthur, Aril Duke of Wnningtan 

lllAmiHSa) 11 

WolWIer or WeaJe;, Oamll, dnt VUfonob 

Wollvclej- 1)1 DansMi and linl &«i) of 

Moniiugt<.ii aia-wTsi) . . am 

iindrr W<>11jHil4>j, lltrary. Baron Cowley. ^^J 

W«l1«el«T. ni-nrj-. Baron Co^lej llTTS-mU) . l^H 
W^IImUj, Ilorirj (1791-18611) ... SQ^H 
WeUMie?. lleoTT Biciiard CUdtrs Bnt BatI ■ 

CowUr (1RM-IBB4) 207 

wAlfwIvT or Wmilej, Ricbud Colley, fiT*t 
noToo' UanuKKbon in Uie poeragn af In- 
land n6»07-]7B9| . «0 

WoUe-Ur, Richard Colley, Mui|Dia WAUe«l>t:r 
(I7t»0-MM») ...... 411 

Wolle«ley, WiUiam PoU' T^lney Long-, toorth , 

Eiirl of MoniinRlon and itccoad Baron 

Marrburoncli (I7«ft-I8«7). S« ander J 

WallMtey-Polc, Williiuii, third Burl ol ^M 
Mornington in tltn pMrwe at IrcUiMi and ^H 
ftmt H*?Tm Marjborotieli of the Uniwd ^^t 

W.illc.W-1'oli?, WaUMB. Uiird E«lol Moca- [ 

ingUui in tfae |Merace of Intoiid and Ant 
Bamn HarrboroDgh of lb* United Eiag- 
doin (tlDB-lHC) SU 

WeUa. UMolaeWsUi*. 

Wella,CtauluJ«mBiiA(17IH>T-t87») . 

W«;i>t, Kdwud (1087-1787' 

W«Ilfi, Henry Ssko (iaao-ie«8) 

WeUa,Bii«bDf(ii.]ie3S'. SccHagh. 



Index to Volume LX. 



467 



981 

383 

386 
388 
388 



387 



387 



Wells, JooelTii de (d. 1313). See Jocelin. 

Wells, John (d. 18(f8} 938 

Wella, John (1038-1676) 339 

Wells, Hra. Hury, ofterwturda Hn. Sombel 

( rt. 1781-1813) 380 

W«als, Robert {d. 1687). See Stewud. 
Wells, SuBuel {d. 1878) . 
Wells, Simos de (d. 1907). See Simon. 
Wells, Sir Thomu Spenoer (181S-1897J . 
Wells, Willittin (181ft-1889l .... 
Wells, William Chules (1767-1817) 
Wells, Willi&m Frederick (1763-1886) . 
Wellsted, James Bkymond (1806-1843) . 
Wellwood, Sir Henry Honcreiff (1760-1837). 

See Honcreiif. 
Wellwood, Sir Heory Moncreiff (1809-1B88!. 

See HoncreiS. 
Wellwood, James (1662r-1737) .... 
Wellwood, Sir James, Lord Moncreiff (1776- 

1861). See Honcreiff. 
WeUwood, William (fi. 1678-1633). See Wel- 

wood. 
VeUbv, WiUiam Newland (lB0a?-180<) 
Welsche, John (1670?-183a). See Welch. 
Welsh, David (1798-1816) .387 

Welsh, James (1776-1861) .... 388 

Welsh, John (183i-lSS9) 380 

Welsh, Thomas (1781-1848) . .940 

Weleted, Leonard (1688-1747). .340 

Welsted, Robert (1671-1786) . .343 

Welton, Hichard (1671 7-1730'. .343 

WelwitHch, Friedrieh Martin Josef (1807- 

1873) 343 

Welwood. See also Wellwood. 
Wei wood, Alexander HaconochJe-, Lord 
Ueadowbank (1777-1881). See Maconochie. 
Welwood or Welwod, William (fl. 1678-1623) 345 
WemjsB, David, second Earl of Wemj^ss 
(1610-167S). See ander Wemfss, David, 
third Earl. 
Wemyss, David, third Eaxl of Wemjas 

(1678-1730) 346 

Wemyss, David, Lord Elcho (1731-1787) . 347 
WemfBS, David Donglas (1760-1889) . . 347 
Wemyes, James (1610 7-1667) . ■ .348 

Wemyes or Weemes, John (1579 7-1686) . 349 
Wendover, Richard of (d. 1963). See Richard. 
Weadover, Roger de (d. 1286) . . .360 

Wendy, Thomas (1500 7-1G60). . .363 

Wengbam, Heorf de {d. 1363). See Wing- 
ham. 

Wenham, Jane (d. 17801 26!l 

Wenlook, John, Lord Wnnlock (rf. 1471) . . 368 
Wenman, Agnes {d. 1617). See nndcr Wen- 
man, Thomas, second Viscount Wenman, 
Wenman, Sir Richard (1673-1640). Seennder 
Wenman, Thomas, second Viscount Wen- 
man. 
Wenman, Thomas, second Visconnt Wenman 

(1606-1666) 366 

Wenman, Thomas Francis (1746-1796) . . 360 
Wenaleydale, Baron. See Farke, James 

(1782-1868). 
Wentworth, Charles Watson-, second Marqnis 
of Rockingham (1780'1T83). See Watson- 
Wentwortb. 
Wentworth, Henrietta Maria, Baroness Went- 
worth (16B7 ?-1686) 367 

Wentworth, Sir John (1787-1830) . . .368 
Wentworth, Pan! (1588-lGSB} . .360 

Wentworth, Peter (1680?-1696) .261 

Wentworth, Sir Peter (1693-1876) . . .368 



Wentworth, Thomas, first Baroa Wentworth 

of Nettlestead (1601-1661) . .304 

Wentworth, Thomas, second Baron Went- 
worth of Nettlestead (1636-1684). .306 
Wentworth, Thomas {166e?-1638) . . .367 
Wentworth, Thomas, first Earl of Strafford 

(1698-1641) 368 

Wentworth, Sir Thomas, Baton Wentworth 

(1618-1666) 388 

Wentworth, Sir Thomaa, fourth Baron Went- 
worth of Nettlestead and first Earl of Cleve- 
land (1601-1687) 384 

Wentworth, Thomas, Baron Raby and third 

Earl of Strafford (1673-1789) .380 

Wentworth, William (1010-1097). See under 

Wentworth, Sir John. 
Wentworth, Williftm Charles (1798-1879) . 389 
Werburga or Werburh, Saint {d. 700?) . . 294 
Werden or Woiden, Sir John (1640-1710) . 396 
W«rden or Worden, Robert {d. 1600) . . 906 
Werferth, Werefrid, ot Hereferth fd. 916) . 997 
Wesham or Weseham, Roger de (a. 1357) . 397 
Wesley, Charles (1707-1788) ... .998 
Wesley, Charles (1767-1884) . . . . S03 
Wesley, John (1708-1791) .... 808 
Wesley, Samuel (1069-1736) . .814 

Wesley, Samuel, the younger (1091-1789;. See 

under Wesley, Samuel (1863-1786). 
Wesley, Samnel (1766-1887) ■ . . .818 
Wesley, Samnel Sebastian (1810-1876) . . 830 
Wessington, John (d. 1461) .... 839 

West, Mrs. (1700-1878) 838 

West, Benjamin (1788-1830) . . . .834 
West, Charles (1816-1898) . . .837 

West, Sir Charles Richard Sackrille-, sixth 
Earl De La Warr, sixth Visconnt Cante- 
lupe, and twelfth Baron De La Warr (181G- 

1878) 898 

West, Sir Edward (1783-1838) .899 

West, Francis (1686-1638 7) . . .829 

West, Francis {d. 1663). See under West, 

Francis (1686-1688 ?). 
West, Francis Robert (1749 ?~1B09). See 

nnder West, Robert. 
West, George John Sackville, fifth Earl De 
La Warr (1791-1869). See under West, 
John, first Earl De La Warr. 
West, Gilbert (1708-1768) .... 880 
West, James (17047-1773) . . . .880 

West, Jane (1768-1863) 881 

Went, John, first Earl De La Warr (1608- 

1766) . . 833 

West, John, second Earl De La Warr (1730- 
1777). See nnder West, John, firstEarl De 
La Warr. 
West, Sir John (1774-1863) . . .884 

West, Joseph (;i.l66fr-1884) . . .884 

West, Nicolas (1461-1688) . .886 

West, Raphael lAmar( 1769-1860). See nnder 

West, Benjamin. 
Weitt, Richard {/1. 1000-1619) . .888 

West, Richard id. 1730) 886 

West, Richard (1710-1743) . . . .889 

West, Bdbert (d. 1770) 840 

West, Robert Lnciue (d. 1849). See under 

West, Robert. 
West, Temple (1718-1767) . , .841 

West, Sir Thomas, eightii Boron West and 

ninth Baron De La Warr (1473 7-1664) . 841 
West, Thomas, third or twelfth Baron De La 

Warr(l577-lC18) 844 

West, Thomas (1790-1779) . . . U» 



■ 



rAst 
Wcvt, WiUwm < fi. Ua«t-lS0ll . 3M 

W«», VaiiMn. flrvt {m WwUi) Bwoa Do L« 

WftrT(lS10?-lM>3)- i^ oDdor Wart, Sir 

ThoHiM, rigtilk fUrnii Waal uxul tiinUi 

B*tun Dh t« Warr. 
Wart, WniiuR (ITTit-ieU) .3*8 

Waat, Witliun 1 1796 ?-!&«). See tuvdar 

Wunt, Mr*. 
WwUII. HicliuddTOS-ieM) . . M7 

WaaUll, WiUam 0?8I-1BM) . . SU 

W«>llnir7, (Ind Baroti. Sm Bctlull, RktiAid 

(180a-ia7»}. 
WMtooic. Bwona. Sm LTUdtoB. WillMun 

Hanry, flnt {Urnn (11«'1S06>; Lrtiftllon, 

WilU&ia Hcnrr, tbinl Uaran (IT89-1H87); 

Iiytulton, Uooive Willi*in, tooith Buon 

(iai7-I87fl). 
WMtool«, lliomu (/. tSfl«-ia«) . . SGO 

WartooU, OMnc BU«d« (lT»?-17Mt . SN 
VaMim. CharW Cklli*. Bftron WmWiii 

(1707-lMII 



WdMCkUiiC or WeiilplMlnv, Berbert (IBM ?- 

1600) 852 

Waitfield, ThiMnu(lSTS--l«l4) . .-U3 

Wutcutli, WIUiMD (IHlfr-lMV) . »S1 

WMtnuooU, Uir BlalMtcd (1716-lWe) . . SSS 
irMtinuotl,IU«hknl(nO«-]lfT9) . . SSft 

WwhaMotI, TfaMBM {&. 17H]. Sm nndu 

WflgbDMMl, sir Kbbwd. 
WHtmwth, Eub «t. 8m Nivnl, Bit 
BkfaKd, flivl Eul tlM»-lUS); Nwant, 
Biekua, MGOtta Bar! (d. IMt); Nncmt, 
ThnniM. loorlli E«r1 (lOSO-lTM); NnRvnt, 
John. UUi Em-] (lOTH-lTlM). 
W««tmU)it*r, UuqKiaaa of. Sm Orowrcnor, 
BoUit, fin! Uuqol* a7«7-lM«); Qro.. 
iwior,IUcbutl,aMODilM*rqDia(lTBC-180ll}. 

Wo«tiiiiiiiitpr, MrIiIiww 337 

W««tiii<ir*1aiiiJ, Buruiivof. S«e ClIBord, Roget 
^•,fitU>naruii(1HSlV-tBR»t:Cliflon).TIioniM 
(<», tixUi n«ioii {d. 1991 VK Cliffonl, Uenn 
da CHiltard, tnntli namn il«IU^1&39); Clif' 
(ord, Wmjoj (In Clifford, alAmnth llKron 

iUSS-imSj; (Uiflord, I!tmr)r d*, twelftli 

WMtmorluid, KuIb of. .S« NcvillD, Ralpli, 
Crul cul of lirat crHliDn (latU-lOR); 
FUliilj, fourlli Eail |I4H>-1SC(1]; l*liarlD>, 
BiiUi Eiktl (l&IS-lCOll; Fan<<, MiEdmuf, 
•ououd Eaj-l of Mcutiil i-ruatiuii (li. I6fl&l; 
FuM, John, ■svonUi Eul {lfleu?-I7inK 
Fftna, John, lentb Earl (ITG^-lMl) ; Fane, 
John, olewnbh Barl (t7iM-1869). 
W«atmoTland, Counttwi of. 8m F^no, Prw- 

dUaAnnR(17flft-lR79|. 
WMbnn, Kdward(l5nn-lSS5} . . . . 8H 
WmCoh. KiiwMd (1703-17TD) . . . . SM 
WMton, BUubeth Jue (lS8ft-lS13} . . 31)9 
WMtaD,airPnaeiinfin?-lBH] . . SM 

Wwtou, Hnch UM67-1EH1 . . . .361 
Wtwlon, JoronMs MOond Eul of PoiUuid 

(16UG-10fllt) Ktfl 

WttrtoD, Sir Riohud (U60 ?-I6ta) . . H8 

Woalon, Rkbardrd. 1G7S]. See inid«r WMtan, 

Riohud, Ant Ewl of ForUuid. 
W<Mton, Bichud, tx*\. £ul of fortland 

(1677-1836) H«i 

WMtoi).SiiRi«hard|ia7fiSlU^}. Bm under 

WonioiL, RioluTd, 8nt Earl ol PortUnd. 
Wanton, Sir [tJ<4MLrd (109I-1003) . . ft«7 

Woaton, ItlohAn] (le^iO-lUl) . . .830 

WMton.UiohaTil |17tlS-X903) . . . SW 




Wwton, lUfatftflSlSMSTSI . .879 

w»k3K, Btafihw) a«(is-ni«) . . irri 

WaiOan, Btofbwa (ITIT-IAM) ... . 374 

Wolon.ThomaaM. 1013?! . .374 

Wa.tiMi.'niaina. (1737-177(1) . . .373 

Wfaton, Sit WilliUQ \d. 1S40). . . 37T 

W«>U>:>, Witliwn il&M7-iaiS), alu knawn m 

Bdmonda and Haul ST3 

WMtphal, Bit Georgo &ugi»ta> (1736-1373) . 8»B 
WMiphHl, Fhaip (17H3-1B80} ... . SW 
WMtpboliiig, Hn^Ht (lsn?-lBM). Sm 

Wcalfalins. 
Weatwood, John Obadutfa (180ft-l»08) . . 381 
Wetenhall. Edward (1633-1713) . S8S 

Wethun, Bobut id. 17W<. Sm Withun. 
WothenOI, tlir Edmtt Rob«rt (rf. ISCB). Bm 

under W«tiMr»It. Sir C«arm AOfiiahM. 
WeOMtrall. Sir FKdenok AngoatM (1731- 

1313) BBS 

Wethcntll, Sir Georm Angiwlni (1738-1838) . 33t 
WatheniU,8irCliulMil17l>-taU). . 383 

Wi>tb««U. NMhuu*) Tbomu (180»-Ul7S) . 387 
WelhcnuX. Riehud (jf. 18S0) . . . . 38T| 
Woth«nliod, Ricbard of [A. ISSIS 8m Orul, 

Hiehud. 

Wotmni. Sir John (d. 1684) .... 333 
Wewttur, Uiaa {fl. 1779-17B»). 6m ante 

W«wiUer. Ralnlu 
WewtUar, B*lph fl7(6-16B6) . . . . BBS 
W«y or W»y. WilliMn fH07?-II76) . SBQ 

W«7lud. John 0771-1S54) . . . . SM 
WvyUnd. ThoniM da {fi. 1S79-19M) 
WvriBootli, TiMounta. Sm Thj 

Thomw, Am ViMouBt (1340-17 14) ; Thj 

TliomM, third VJncotial (173(-17M). 
WajmooUi or WajnoutK Oaors« (fi. 1307) ■ 333 
WhalOT or Wballej, Thamaii {17ae-1300) . 3M 
WlaJ)i>y. Sea also Wli«|»¥. 
Wliidk.y, Edward -.i. 1373?) . .391 

WluUey, a«orge UainiDUiid(lS13-137e> . «M 

WfakUoT.Jului (13!i3-1734) ... .397 
WhAlley, PelM (17»-17«I) . BH 

U1<i>1l»?, Ri^lianl il4MT-lS0a) . SM 

Wli.ll»y, Tlinmu 8«d««ick (1743-1338) . 400 

Whunclino, Ant Bama. Sm StawrVWartld;- 

Mackimii*, Jamim Ardiiliald (1776-1843). 
Wharton, Anno llA3a?-ISa&) . . .401' 

Wbuloo, Kdwnrd Hoa> 1 1844-1696) . 40B 

Wharton, Hir(;<»rKr(ltfl7-I«ai| . . lOB 

Wharton, U«itg« (13H8-17S1II. Seo oader 

Wharton. Thomai (lUli-lS73). 
Wliarloti, Ue&r7(1004-ie!9G) . .401 

Wharton, Ha»rr ThDmton ilB43-18H). Sm 

luidur Wharton, Edward Boaa. 
Wharlou. Joliii(>. l&7&-ieTB) . 40Tj 

Wharton, Philip, fourth Baron Wharton 

(1318-1393) 4071 

Wbartoii, I'hihp, Ouke of Wharton (1008- 

17311 <1C 

Wharton, I'hilii) ri8fl4-1830), pMndonra of 

John Cookbnm i'tioEtuoa. BMiiBdaThan- 

■on. Uonrr WiUlftm l&yerW) |lit»-IS»T>. 
Wh*rtoa. Tliomu, Artt Biuun Whirtoa 

_(l4«6t-lBB8) tlS 

Wlinrton, ThaniH, ■voond Buna I1&W-1A7S). 

8m andor Whuton, TIiobim, flnt Buos 

Whuton. 
Wharton, TbomM (lOli-1673) . . . 4l< 
Wliutou, ThooiMi, Orsl Huqnk ol Whutoa 

(1U4(*-171»I 4H 

Whau-t?. Ridivd 11787-1333) . . . (3f| 
'VPluUily, Tlioma* (il. ITTSf 




Index to Volume LX. 



469 



. 480 

. iSl 

4S9 

<S8 



Whktelr, Trmiun (168&-18Sg). 
Whrtfam, Wmiun Bobert (1790-1885) . 
Wheara, DegoiT (1678-1647) .... 
Whe«Uer, Beniumn Robert (18I9-1SS4) 

WhMUey, Hn. Clara, Maria {d. 1888). See 

Pope. 

'WlieatlBy, Franda (1747-1801) .484 
Whoatley, William of {fl. 1816). See William. 

Wheatly, Chwlea (1688-1743) . . 4SS 

Wheatetone, Sir Charles (1809-1876) . . 485 
WhedflT. See also Wheler. 

Wheeler, Daniel (1771-1840) . . . .487 

Wheeler, Sir Hugh Man; (1780-18S7) . . 488 

Wheeler, Junes Talbors (18S4-1807) . . 440 

Wheeler, John (fl. 1801-1608) . . . ,441 

Wheeler, Maarice (1648 ?-1797) , . .441 



PASB 

Wheeler, Thomas (1764-IS47) . . .449 

Wheelocke, Wheelock, Whelocke, Whelock, 

or Wheloc, Abraham (15&S-16G8) . . 448 
Wheler. See also Wheeler. 
Wheler, Sir Frands (1668 ?-1694) . . .444 
Wheler, Sir Oeorge (1860-1798) .445 

Wheler, GrauTille (1701-1770). See nnder 

Wheler, Sir Qeorge. 
Wheler, Robert Bell (1786-1867) . . .446 
Whelpdale, Baser {d. 1438) .447 

Whetenhall, Edward (1686-1718). SeeWeten- 

hall. 
Whethamstede or Bostook, John id. 1466) . 447 
;e(1644?-16B7?). . 448 

'"- '^ -"■•' . . 468 



Whetstone, 

Whetstone, Sir William (d. 1711) 

WheveU, William (17S4~18«6) . , .454 



END OF THE SIXTIETH VOLUME. 



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